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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 


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LITERARY   MEN,   ARTISTS,   ANTIQUARIES, 
GENEALOGISTS,   ETC. 


:  When*  found,  make  a  nota'pf." — CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


VOLUME   TENTH. 
JULY — DECEMBER,  1854. 


LONDON: 

GEORGE  BELL,    186.   FLEET   STREET. 

1854. 


AC 


LIBRARY 

728050 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


"  Wnen  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


VOL.  X.  — No.  244.] 


SATURDAY,  JULY  1.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
I  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

•Our  Tenth  Volume   -         « 


Page 
1 


NOTES  :  — 

Coleridge's  Lectures  on  Shakspeare  and 
Milton  in  1812,  by  J.  Payne  Collier  - 

Notes  on  Pepys's  Diary     -  -          -       2 

Mathematical  Bibliography,  by  James 
Cockle,  M.  A.,  F.K.A.S.  -  -3 

Voltaire  and  Henri  Carion.  —  Spirit- 
rapping  -  -  -  -  -4 

FOLK  LORE  :  —  Valentine's  Eve  in 
Norwich  —  Cure  for  Toothache  — 
Derbyshire  Folk  Lore  -  -  5 

Anecdote  related  by  Atterbury,  by 
Wm.  Fraser,  B.C.L.  6 

M»NOK  NOTES  :  —  Phrenology  partly  an- 
ticipated —  The  first  Pre-Raftaelite  _ 
Hesiod  and  Matt.  v.  43  —  Anecdote  of 
Eldon  .....  6 

QUERIES:— 
Clairvoyance,  by  Dr.  Maitland  -  7 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Pillars  resting  on 
Animals  _  MS.  Verses  in  Fuller's 
"  Medicina  Gymnastica  "  —  Charles 
Povey  —  The  Moon's  Influence—  Salt, 
Custom  connected  with—"  The  Devil 
sits  in  his  easy  chai»"  —  The  Turks 
und  the  Irish-  Milton  Portraits—The 
"  Economy  of  Human  Life  "—Robert 
Parsons  or  Persons  —  Orpheus  Sumart 
the  Clockmaker  —  "  The  Ants  "  — 
Transmutation  of  Metals— Franciscan 
Dress— Richard  Col  well  of  Faversham 

—  Conspiracy  to  dig  up  Corpses  —  The 
Herodians  ....       7 

•MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
"  Animali  Parlanti"  of  Casti  —  Con- 
fessor to  the  Royal  Household— Negus 

—  "  Terra:  Filius  "  _  Consecration  of 
Colours— Motto  of"  The  Sun"  News- 
paper — "  Louvre "  Boards       -  9 

Kt.PLIKS  :  — 

Abbey  of  Aberbrothock    -          -          -  11 
Reprints  of  Early   Bibles,  by   George 

Offor,  &c.  -          -          -          -  11 

Books  burnt  by  the  Hangman    -  12 

Classic  Authors  and  the  Jews,  &c.         -  12 

Coronation  Custom  -          -          -  13 

PHOTOORAPJIIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Mr. 
Long  on  an  easy  Calotype  Process  — 
Mr.  Fox  Talbot's  Patents- Photogra- 
phic Paper— Substitute  for  Pins  -  14 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :— Medal  — 
Ralph  Bosvile  —  Hummins,'  Ale  — 
Heiress  of  Haddon  Hall  —  Barren's 
Regiment  —  Aska  or  Asca  —  "  Peter 
Wilkins  "  —  Rev.  John  Lewis-  Eden 
Family  _  Kutchakutchoo  —  Elstob 
iamily  _  Forensic  Jocularities  — 
Divining  Rod  -  George  Herbert  — 
French  Refugees  _  Double  Christian 
names  — "Cuibono"  -  -  -  15 

MISCELLANEOUS  :— 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.         .  .  19 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted  -  19 

Notices  to  Correspondents  -  .  20 


VOL.  X — No.  244. 


Multaj  tcrricolis  lingua;,  ccelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
AND  SONS' 

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London  :  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


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ready. 

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London. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


rPHE  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGA- 

L     ZINE  FOR  JULY,  which  is  the  first  of 
a  New  Volume,  contains  the  following  articles : 

1.  The    Political    Constitution    of    Finland. 

2.  Undesigned     Imitations  —  Shakspeare      of 
Erasmus,  Scott  of  Hor.  Walpole,  Eugene  Sue 
and  Dumas  of  Schiller.    3.  Female  Infanticide 
in  India.    4.  Secret  Instructions  of  Frederick 
the  Great  in  1758.    5.  The  Map  of  London  a 
Hundred  Years  Ago.    6.  The  Life  of  Jerome 
Cardan.    7.  Paris  in  June  1854.    8.  The  State 
Records  of  Ireland.    9.  Churchwardens    Ac- 
counts  of  St.   Mary   Woolnoth.     10.  Recent 
Writers  on  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury.    With 
Correspondence  of  SylTanus  Urban,  Notes  of 
the  Month,  Reviews  of  New  Publications,  Re- 
ports  of  Archaeological   Societies,   Historical 
Chronicle,  and  OBITUARY,  including  Memoirs 
of  Dr.  Bagot,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells ;  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Hobhouse  :  Dr.  Neville,  Dean 
of  Windsor  ;  Vice-Adm.  Hyde  Parker,  Capt. 
Barclay  Allardice,  Dr.  Wallich,  Dr.  Stanger, 
James  Wadmore,  Esq.,  John  Holmes,  Esq.,  &c. 
&c. 

NICHOLS  &  SONS,  25.  Parliament  Street. 


THE    OBITUARY    OF    THE    GENTLE- 
MAN'S MAGAZINE. 

rpHE  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGA- 

L  ZINE  is  the  only  periodical  Publication 
•which  maintains  an  uninterrupted  Obituary 
of  the  English  Nation  and  the  most  distinr 
guished  Foreigners,  and  preserves  a  permanent 
Biographical  Record  of  all  Eminent  Persons 
in  every  walk  of  life.  In  the  two  last  Num- 
bers, for  June  and  July,  are  contained  Me- 
moirs of  the  late  Duke  of  Parma,  the  Duke  of 
Portland,  the  Marquess  of  Anglesey,  the  Earl 
of  Lichfield,  Viscount  Doneraile,  Lord  Mostyn, 
Lord  Colborne,  Lord  Cockburn,  Mr.  Justice 
Talfourd,  the  Kr  ight  of  Glin,  Sir  James  W y lie, 
Bart,  i  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  C.  W.  Thornton, 
Lieut.-Gen.  James  Hay,  C.B. ;  Vice- Admiral 
Elliot,  Rear-Admirals  Falcon  and  Gifford, 
Major-Gen.  Godwin,  C.B.  ;  Colonels  Moun- 
tain, C.B..  C.  E.  Gordon,  D.  J.  Ballingall, 
E.  L.  Godfrey  and  Monypenny,  Capt.  Latter, 
Colonel  W.  E.  Powell,  Colonel  W.  Acton, 
Aubrey  Beauclerk,  Esq.  ;  Rich.  De  Beauvoir 
Benyon,  Esq.  ;  John  Davies  Gilbert,  Esq.  ; 
Thos.  Goodlake,  Esq.  ;  Thos.  Plumer  Halsey, 
Esq. ;  Francis  Edw.  Rust,  Esq.  ;  Frederick 
Hodgson,  Esq.  ;  Gorges  Lowther,  Esq. ;  Mi- 
chael Grazebrook,  Esq.  ;  John  Dickey,  Esq.  ; 
Mr.  Alderman  Thompson,  Mr.  Alderman 
Hooper,  the  Rev.  George  Stanley  Faber,  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Wardlaw,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Collyer,  the 
Rev.  Dr.  II.  B.  Wilson,  the  Rev.  Edward 
James,  Professor  Wilson,  Professor  Jameson, 
James  Montgomery  the  Poet,  E.  R.  Daniell, 
Esq.,  F.R.S.  ;  George  Newport,  Esq.,  F.R.S.  ; 
Edward  Riddle,  Esq.,  F.R.As.S.  ;  James  Hen- 
wood,  Esq.,  of  Hull  ;  John  Smith.  Esq.,  of 
Lewes ;  Jas.  M.  Kichardson,  Esq.  ;  Rev. 
Samuel  Rowe  of  Crediton  :  M.  Visconti  the 
Architect,  M.  Renouard  the  Bibliographer, 
Silvio  Pellico,  Tommaso  Grossi,  Giambattista 
Rubini,  Madame  Berlioz,  Mr.  G.  P.  Harding 
the  Artist,  Mr.  Crqll  the  Engraver,  Mr.  David 
Tedder,  and  Captain  Warner. 

J.  B.  NICHOLS  &  SONS,  25.  Parliament 
Street. 


Lately  published,  price  3s.  6d.,  Part  XV.  of  the 

TOPOGRAPHER    AND   GE- 
NEALOGIST.    Edited    by    JOHN 

GOUGH  NICHOLS,  F.S.A.,  Lond.  and  Newc. 

CONTENTS  :  —  Account  of  the  Manor  of  Apul- 
drefleld,  Keut,  by  G.  Steinman  Steiuman,  Esq., 
F.S.A.,  with  Pedigrees  of  Denny,  Lennard, 
Knowe,  and  Bartholomew.  —  Contest  between 
the  King's  Purveyors  and  the  Secular  Clergy 
of  Meath,  :i  Edw.  III.  _  New  particulars  re- 
specting Sir  Edward  Arnndel  and  the  Manor 

of  Ay  nho,  co.  Northampton Grant  of  Arms 

in  1499,  and  of  a  Crest  in  1565,  to  the  Family  of 
Smith  alias  Heriz,  co.  Leicester.  —  Memoranda 
in  Heraldry,  by  Peter  Le  Neve,  Norroy.  —  Pe- 
digrees of  the  various  families  of  Ellis  and 
Fitz-Ellis,in  Yorkshire,  Cumberland.  Lincoln- 
shire, Cambridgeshire,  Norfolk  and  Suffolk, 
Devonshire  and  Cornwall,  Flintehir.,,  Oxford- 
shire, and  Kent. 

J.  B.  NICHOLS  &  SONS,  25.  Parliament 
Street. 


THE     HOMILIST     for     JULY 
(No.  XVIII.),  price  Is.,  contains : 

1 .  On  the  Obstructions  to  True  Progress. 

2.  On  the  Highest  Style  of  Man. 

3.  The  Restraining  Force  of  the  Divine  Go- 

vernment. 

4.  A  False  People  and  a  True  Prophet ;  or,  an 

Old  Picture  of  Modern  Life. 

5.  The  Good  Samaritan  ;  or,  Genuine  Philan- 

thropy. 

6.  The  Unmerciful  Servant. 

7.  Petex  and  Cornelius ;  or,  Christianity  rersus 

Exclusivenpss. 

8.  Christ's  Acquaintance  with  Man's  Inner 

Life. 

9.  The  Nation's  War-Prayer. 

10.  The  Genius  of  the  Gospel :  — The  Secular 

and  the  Spiritual. 
Literary  Notices,  &c. 

WARD  &  CO.,  27.  Paternoster  Row. 


THE  ECLECTIC  REVIEW  for 

J.     JULY,  price  Is.  6d.  (commencing  a  new 
Volume),  contains : 

1.  Edward  Irving. 

2.  Davies's  Evenings  in  my  Tent. 

3.  Lardner's  Museum  of  Science  and  Art. 

4.  Progress  of  the  British  West  Indies. 

5.  Alison's  History  of  Europe. 

6.  Conflicting  Tendencies  of  Modern  Theology. 

7.  Condition  of  the  Peasantry  in  Russia. 
Review  of  the  Month,  &c.  &c. 

WARD  &  CO.,  27.  Paternoster  Row. 


In  small  4to.,  with  Engravings,  16s.  cloth. 

JOHN     DE     WYCLIFFE  :     a 

el     Monograph.  By  ROBERT  VAUGHAN, 
D.D. 

"  The  '  Life  of  Wycliffe,'  by  my  eloquent, 

indefatigable,  and    very  learned   friend,   Dr. 

Vaughan." — Sir  Jas.  Stephen's  Lecture. 

London  :  SEELEYS.  Fleet  Street,  and 

Hanover  Street. 


Crown  8vo.,  with  numerous  Engravings,  6s. 
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ISRAEL     IN    EGYPT:     being 

J_    Hlustrations  of  the  Books  of  Genesis  and 
Exodus  from  existing  Monuments. 

"  This  book  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
publications  of  our  time,  and  can  hardly  fail 
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—  Christian  Witness. 

London  :  SEELEYS,  Fleet  Street,  and 
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In  crown  8vo.,  7s.  antique  binding, 

T  EAVES  from  the  JOURNAL 

lj    of  MARIAN   DRAYTON,  A.D.   1553- 
1558. 

"  A  book  which  whoever  begins  to  read  will 
not  permanently  lay  aside  till  he  has  finished 
it.  The  sentiments  and  feelings  expressed 
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and  the  incidents  are  such  as  miyht  easily  be 
supposed  to  have  occurred,  and  yet  are  suffi- 
ciently uncommon  to  give  them  a  special 
interest.  Some  passages  are  exquisitely  beau- 
tiful, and  the  entire  book  is  the  production  of 
a  highly-cultivated  and  poetic  mind,  under 
the  influence  of  sincere  and  enlightened  piety." 
Evangelical  Christendom. 

London  :  SEELEYS.  Fleet  Street,  and 
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Just  ready,  Fifth  Edition, 

4NNA ;    or,    Passages   from    a 
Home  J.ife  :  being  a  New  and  Enlarged 
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Just  published,  I8mo.,  Is. 

QERAIONS    FOR     WAY- 

tO    FARFRS.       By   the    REV.   ALFRED 
GATTY,  M.A. 

"  In  the  eleven  eermons  now  presented  to  us, 
for  the  marvellously  small  price  of  one  shil- 
ling we  recognise  a  plain  and  solid  styl*  91 
scriptural  instruction,  well  adapted  to  their 
proposed  object."  —  Clerical  Juvrnal. 
London:  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


2s.  6d.  cloth. 

rFHE  VICAR  and  his  DUTIES: 

[  being  Sketches  of  Clerical  Life  in  a  Ma- 
nufactuiinjr  Town  Parish.  By  the  REV. 
ALFRED  GATTY,  M.A. 

-We  sincerely  i  hank  Mr.  Gatty  for  hisjn- 
teresting  tketches."  —  English  Churchman.^ 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  1,  1854. 

OUR   TENTH   VOLUME. 

However  unwilling  to  occupy  any  portion  of  our 
columns  with  matters  relating  to  ourselves,  we  cannot 
issue  the  First  Number  of  our  TENTH  VOLUME  with- 
out a  few  words  of  thanks  to  cur  Contributors,  Friends, 
and  Readers,  for  their  continued  and  increasing  sup- 
port ;  and  without  assuring  them  that  we  regard  such 
encouragement  as  binding  us  to  increased  exertion  to 
make  "  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  the  indispensable  com- 
panion of  every  Student,  the  ready  and  efficient  helper 
of  every  Man  of  Letters. 


COLERIDGE'S  LECTURES  ON  SHAKSPEARE  AND 
MILTON  IN  1812. 

The  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  may  like  to  hear  of  a 
find  it  has  very  recently  been  my  good  fortune  to 
make  of  my  original  short-hand  notes  of  "  Lec- 
tures on  Shakspeare  and  Milton,"  delivered  by 
Coleridge  as  long  since  as  the  year  1812.  Un- 
luckily they  are  not  complete,  for  although  each 
lecture  is  finished,  and,  in  a,  manner,  perfect  in 
itself,  my  memoranda  (which  are  generally  very 
full,  and  in  the  ipsissima  verba  of  the  author)  only 
apply  to  seven  out  of  fifteen  lectures,  viz.  to  the  first, 
second,  sixth,  seventh,  eighth,  ninth,  and  twelfth. 
What  has  become  of  the  others  I  know  not ;  they 
are  probably  utterly  lost  ;  and  such  as  remain 
would  perhaps  have  shared  the  same  fate,  if  they 
had  not  been  deposited  in  the  highest  drawer  of  a 
high,  double  chest,  to  which  servants  and  others 
could  not  conveniently  resort  for  waste  paper.  I 
knew  that  I  once  had  them  in  my  possession,  and 
when  I  was  printing  the  edition  of  Shakspeare, 
which  I  superintended  nearly  ten  years  ago,  I 
looked  for  them  with  great  diligence,  but  in  vain ; 
and  even  now  I  might  not  have  recovered  them 
had  it  not  been  necessary,  on  my  removal  to  this 
place,  to  turn  out  the  contents  of  every  receptacle 
in  order  to  destroy  what  was  mere  rubbish,  occu- 
pying space  that  could  not  be  worse  filled. 

In  my  "Introductions"  to  the  various  plays  of 
our  great  dramatist,  I  have  not  unfrequently  re- 
ferred to  lectures  delivered  by  Coleridge  in  1818, 
and  I  there  made  several  quotations  from  my 
pencillings ;  but  for  some  cause,  which  I  do  not 
now  remember,  I  did  not,  as  in  1812,  follow  the 
lecturer  with  verbal  accuracy,  excepting  on  a  few 
particular  points.  I  was  taught  short-hand  as  a 
part  of  my  early  education  ;  and  although  in  1812, 
when  Coleridge  delivered  the  lectures  of  which  I 
have  such  full  notes,  I  was  quite  a  young  man,  I 
could  follow  a  speaker  with  sufficient,  rapidity. 
Hence  the  confidence  I  feel  in  what  I  have  so 


lately  brought  to  light ;  and  now  my  original 
notes  are  all  written  out,  they  extend  to  from 
ten  to  forty  sides  of  letter-paper  for  each  lecture, 
apparently  according  to  the  interest  I  took  in  the 
particular  topics. 

At  a  time  when  you  are  discussing  in  your 'co- 
lumns the  important  question,  What  has  become  of 
some  of  Coleridge's  original  manuscripts  ?  this  dis- 
covery by  me  of  seven  of  his  lectures,  nearly 
altogether  devoted  to  Shakspeare  (for  Milton  is 
only  incidentally  mentioned),  cannot  be  without 
interest.  I  only  wish  that  I  had  met  with  these 
relics  of  a  genius  so  remarkably  gifted  before  I 
put  pen  to  paper  for  the  edition  of  Shakspeare 
which  came  out  in  the  years  1843  and  1844. 

I  had  carefully  preserved  Coleridge's  printed 
"  Prospectus  "  of  his  lectures  in  1818  (I  know  not 
if  it  has  ever  been  reprinted),  because  upon  the 
blank  spaces  of  it  he  wrote  to  me  a  very  angry 
letter  respecting  the  conduct  of  the  editors  or 
proprietors  of  a  certain  Encyclopedia,  who  had  "  so 
bedeviled,  so  interpolated  and  topsy-turvied  "  an 
essay  of  his,  that  he  was  ashamed  to  own  it.  I  had, 
however,  no  such  reason  for  taking  care  of  his 
j  prospectus  of  1812,  but  I  luckily  found  it  among 
my  notes,  and  I  subjoin  a  copy  of  it,  in  order  that 
your  readers  may  see  at  once  the  general  scope 
he  embraced,  and  the  particular  subjects  to  which 
he  proposed  to  devote  himself:  I  say  proposed  to 
devote  himself,  because  everybody  who  was  ac- 
quainted with  Coleridge  must  be  aware,  that  it  was 
not  perhaps  in  his  power,  from  the  discursive  and 
exuberant  character  of  his  mind,  to  confine  himself 
strictly  within  any  limits  which,  in  the  first  instance, 
he  might  intend  to  observe.  It  is  only  on  one  side 
of  post-paper,  and  it  begins  with  the  information 
that  the  course  would  be  delivered  at  the  room  of 
the  London  Philosophical  Society,  Scots'  Corpo- 
ration Hall,  in  Crane  Court,  Fleet  Street : 

"  Mr.  Coleridge  will  commence  on  Monday,  No- 
vember 18th  (1812),  a  course  of  Lectures  on  Shake- 
spear  and  Milton,  in  illustration  of  the  Principles  of 
Poetry,  and  their  application  as  grounds  of  Criticism 
to  the  most  popular  Works  of  later  English  Poets, 
those  of  the  living  included. 

"  After  an  introductory  Lecture  on  false  Criticism 
(especially  in  Poetry),  and  on  its  causes,  two-thirds  of 
the  remaining  course  will  be  assigned,  first,  to  a  phi- 
losophic analysis  and  explanation  of  all  the  principal 
characters  of  our  gre-it  dramatist,  as  Othello,  Falstaff, 
Richard  III.,  lago,  Hamlet,  &c.  ;  and  second,  to  a 
critical  comparison  of  Shakespear,  in  respect  of  Diction, 

\   Imagery,   management   of  the  Passions,  judgment   in 

1  the  construction  of  his  dramas  ;  in  short,  of  all  that 
belongs  to  him  as  a  Poet,  and  as  a  Dramatic  Poet, 
with  his  contemporaries  or  immediate  successors, 
Jonson,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Ford,  Massinger,  &c., 
in  the  endeavour  to  determine  what  of  Shakespear's 
merits  and  defects  are  common  to  him  with  other 

!  writers  of  the  same  age,  and  what  remain  peculiar  to 

;  his  own  genius. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


"  The  course  will  extend  to  fifteen  lectures,  which 
will  be  given  on  Monday  and  Thursday  evenings  suc- 
cessively. The  lecture  to  commence  at  half-past  seven 
o'clock. 

"  Single  Tickets  for  the  whole  course,  two  guineas, 
or  three  guineas  with  the  privilege  of  introducing  a 
lady,  may  be  procured  at  J.  Hatchard's,  190.  Picca- 
dilly; J.  Murray's,  Fleet  Street;  J.  &  J.  Arch's, 
Booksellers  and  Stationers,  Cornhill ;  Godwin's  Ju- 
venile Library,  Skinner  Street ;  W.  Pople's,  67.  Chan- 
cery Lane  ;  or  by  letter  (post  paid)  to  Mr.  S.  T.  Cole- 
ridge, J.  J.  Morgan's,  Esq.,  No.  7.  Portland  Place, 
Hammersmith." 

The  above  is  all  the  information  that  was  given 
anterior  to  the  delivery  of  the  lectures,  and  so  far 
it  is  unlike  the  prospectus  of  1818,  in  which  the 
particular  matters,  to  be  treated  of  in  fourteen 
lectures,  were  especially  pointed  out.  Thus  in 
reference  to  Shakspeare  we  are  told  that  Lec- 
tures IV.,  V.,  and  VI.  would  be  "  On  the  dramatic 
works  of  Shakspeare  :  in  these  lectures  will  be 
comprised  the  substance  of  Mr.  Coleridge's  former 
courses  on  the  same  subject,  enlarged  and  varied 
by  subsequent  study  and  reflection."  One  of 
these  former  courses  was  that  of  1812  ;  but  I 
learn  from  a  diary  I  kept  at  the  time  (of  which 
only  fragments  remain),  that  in  the  preceding 
year  Coleridge  had  delivered  a  series  of  lectures 
on  Poetry  at  the  Royal  Institution.  I  did  not 
attend  them,  and  perhaps  might  not  have  heard  of 
them,  but  that  Coleridge  himself  mentioned  them 
in  a  conversation  at  my  father's  on  21st  of  Oc- 
tober, 1812.  It  was  on  the  same  occasion  that  he 
announced  to  us  his  intention  of  giving  the  lec- 
tures, of  seven  of  which  I  have  notes,  and  which 
commenced  on  the  18th  November  following. 
On  the  subject  of  his  lectures  at  the  Royal  Insti- 
tution, I  may  be  excused  for  extracting  the  fol- 
lowing passage  from  the  daily  record  I  then 
wrote : 

"  Coleridge  said  that  for  his  first  lecture  at  the 
Royal  Institution  he  prepared  himself  fully,  and 
when  it  was  finished  he  received  many  high-flown 
but  frigid  compliments,  evidently,  like  his  lecture, 
studied.  For  his  second  lecture  he  prepared 
himself  less  elaborately,  and  was  much  applauded. 
For  the  third  lecture,  and  indeed  for  the  re- 
mainder of  the  series,  he  made  no  preparation,  and 
was  liked  better  than  ever,  and  vociferously  and 
heartily  cheered.  The  reason  was  obvious,  for 
what  came  warm  from  the  heart  of  the  speaker, 
went  warm  to  the  heart  of  the  hearer ;  and 
although  the  illustrations  might  not  be  so  good, 
yet  being  extemporaneous,  and  often  from  objects 
immediately  before  his  eyes,  they  made  more  im- 
pression, and  seemed  to  have  more  aptitude." 

The  lectures  of  1812  were  delivered,  as  far  as 
my  memory  serves  me,  without  notes,  but  I  do 
not  think  that  the  room  was  particularly  full ;  the 
applause  was  general  and  encouraging,  and  among 


the  auditors  on  one  occasion  I  saw  Mr.  Canning. 
My  short-hand  notes  (some  of  which  I  wrote  out 
at  the  time)  are  still  very  legible,  but  as  they  are 
too  much  in  detail  for  your  pages,  I  will  endea- 
vour on  a  future  occasion  to  make  some  acceptable 
quotations  :  to  them  this  note  must  be  considered 
merely  introductory.  J.  PAYNE  COLLIER. 

Riverside,  Maidenhead. 


KOTES    ON   PEPYS  S   DIARY. 

Vol.  i.  p.  2.  (note.)  Sir  George  Downing. 
A  confirmation  of  LORD  BRAYBROOKE'S  account 
of  Downing's  birth,  by  Downing  himself,  occurs 
in  a  letter  from.  T.  Howard  to  the  king,  April  5, 
1660,  in  Carte's  Letters,  ii.  319.  Downing  had 
made  Howard  an  offer  of  his  services  to  the  king, 
and  apologises  for  the  past,  "alleging  to  be  en- 
gaged in  a  contrary  party  by  his  father,  who  was 
banished  into  New  England,  where  he  was  brought 
up."  Ludlow,  who  is  generally  very  accurate, 
states  that  Downing  had  been  a  preacher  and 
chaplain  to  Colonel  Okey's  regiment  (iii.  99.  ori- 
ginal edition).  After  the  Restoration,  Downing, 
being  the  king's  envoy  at  the  Hague,  prevailed 
on  the  States  to  give  up  Okey  and  two  other 
regicides,  Barkstead  and  Corbet,  who  were  in 
Holland.  Ludlow,  says  Downing,  behaved  very 
treacherously  to  Okey,  whom  he  had  assured  by  a 
messenger  that  he  had  no  orders  to  look  after  him. 
Ludlow  says  later  (iii.  237.),  speaking  of  Down- 
ing's  mission  to  Holland  in  166-,  "  I  must  here 
acknowledge  that  though  Downing  had  acted  con- 
trary to  his  faith,  former  pretences,  and  obliga- 
tions in  betraying  our  friends,  as  I  mentioned 
before,  yet  none  of  these  who  remained  in  Hol- 
land, or  afterwards  retired  thither,  were  molested 
during  his  ministry,  which  was  as  much  as  could 
reasonably  be  expected  from  a  person  in  his  post." 
Downing  sat  for  Edinburgh  in  Cromwell's  parlia- 
ment of"l654,  and  for  Carlisle  in  the  two  following 
Croinwellian  parliaments.  Query,  What  place 
did  he  sit  for  in  the  Convention  Parliament  ?  His 
name  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  list  of  members 
in  the  Parliamentary  History,  but  occurs  in  the 
debates  (iv.  93  ).  He  was  a  frequent  speaker  in. 
Oliver  Cromwell's  parliaments.  (See  Burton's 
Diary,  vols.  i.  and  ii.)  He  took  a  very  active 
part  against  Naylor,  the  religious  enthusiast,  and 
spoke  often  on  religious  questions.  On  one  occa- 
sion, June  6,  1657,  no  minister  was  present  to 
read  prayers  when  the  Speaker  took  the  chair,  and 
after  the  House  had  waited  some  time,  a  little 
debate  arose  on  the  minister's  absence,  in  the 
course  of  which  "  Major-  General  Whalley  told 
Mr.  Downing  that  he  was  a  minister,  and  he 
would  have  him  to  perform  the  work.  Mr. 
Downing  acknowledged  he  was  once  a  minister." 
(Burton's  Diary,  ii.  192.)  On  another  occasion, 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


May  25,  1657,  a  joke  occurs  about  the  office  of 
Scout-master  General,  held  by  Downing  under 
Cromwell.  Cromwell  was  coming  to  his  House  of 
Lords  to  signify  his  consent  to  the  "  Petition  and 
Advice,"  and  his  carriages  passed  by  as  the  House 
of  Commons  was  debating.  Mr.  Downing  espied 
them,  and  said  his  Highness  was  passed  by.  Some 
called  out,  "  Scout,  scout,"  and  altum  risum. — 
(Burton's  Diary,  ii.  122.) 

Jan.  9,  1659-60.  "  Muddiman  .  .  .  owns 
that  though  he  writes  new  books  for  the  Parlia- 
ment." New  books  should  surely  be  news  books. 

Jan.  17,  1659-60.  "I  went  to  the  Coffee 
Club,  and  heard  very  good  discourse;  it  was  in 
answer  to  Mr.  Harrington's  answer*,  who  said 
that  the  state  of  the  Roman  government  was  not  a 
settled  government,  and  so  it  was  no  wonder  that 
the  balance  of  prosperity  was  in  one  hand,  and 
the  command  in  another,"  &c.  Prosperity  should 
be  property.  That  the  government  should  follow 
the  balance  of  property  is  a  fundamental  principle 
of  Harrington's  Oceana.  "And  so  it  was  no 
wonder  that  the  balance,"  &c.  I  think  there  is 
probably  something  wrong  here  in  the  decipher- 
ing. The  meaning  is,  "  And  so  was  no  wonder, 
for  that  the  balance,"  &c. 

Jan.  25,  1659-60.  "  Heard  that  in  Cheapside 
there  had  been  but  a  little  before  a  gibbet  set  up, 
and  the  picture  of  Huson  hung  upon  it."  Hewson 
had  lately  made  himself  obnoxious  in  the  city,  by 
suppressing  a  rising  of  the  apprentices  against  the 
Committee  of  Safety,  just  before  the  Committee 
of  Safety  was  deprived  of  power.  (Clarendon's 
History  of  the  Rebellion,  book  xvi.) 

Feb.  1—3,  1659-60.  The  meeting  of  the 
troops  ordered  to  leave  London  to  make  way  for 
Monk's  army.  See  a  valuable  letter  giving  some 
interesting  additional  particulars  in  Lister's  Cla- 
rendon, iii.  83. 

March  2,  1659-60.  "Great  is  the  dispute 
now  in  the  House,  in  whose  name  the  writs  shall 
run  for  the  next  parliament,  and  it  is  said  that 
Mr.  Prin,  in  open  house,  said,  'For  King 
Charles's.'"  —  Compare  letter  of  Mr.  Lutterell  to 
Ormond,  March  9,  1660,  in  Carte's  Letters,  ii. 
312.  "  Yesterday  there  was  a  debate  about  the 
form  of  the  dissolution,  when  Mr.  Prynne  asserted 
the  king's  right  in  such  bold  language  that  I  think 
he  may  be  styled  the  Cato  of  this  age." 

March  28,  1660.  (note.)  There  is  a  slip  of 
the  pen  in  this  note,  where  Sir  E.  Montagu's 
eldest  son  is  said  to  have  been  candidate  for 
Huntingdon.  LORD  BRAYBROOKE  has  correctly 
stated,  in  note  to  March  14,  1660,  that  it  was  the 
Earl  of  Manchester's  eldest  son. 


says 


April  21,  1660.    Mr.  Edward  Montagu.     Pepys 
vs,  "  I  do  believe  that  he  do  carry  some  close 


[*  Query,  for  answer  read  Oceana,  which  seems  to 
be  an  error  in  the  deciphering ED.] 


business  on  for  the  king."  Pepys's  guess  at  E. 
Montagu's  business  is  confirmed  by  Clarendon's 
account  of  his  employment  of  him  to  negotiate 
with  Lord  Sandwich  on  behalf  4  of  the  king. 
(Hist,  of  Rebellion,  book  xvi.) 

May  4,  1660.  Lord  Sandwich's  letter  to  the 
king,  which  Pepys  gives  from  memory,  is  printed 
in  Lister's  Clarendon,  iii.  104.,  and  a  reference  to 
the  letter  will  show  the  accuracy  of  Pepys's 
memory.* 

May  15,  1660.  "  Among  others,  he  [Sir  Samuel 
Morland]  betrayed  Sir  Richard  Willis,  .  .  . 
who  had  paid  him  1000Z.  at  one  time,  by  the  Pro- 
tector's and  Secretary  Thurloe's  order,  for  intel- 
ligence that  he  sent  concerning  the  king."  Who 
had  paid  him,  if  the  deciphering  is  correct,  re- 
quires explanation.  It  must  mean,  who  received. 
See  a  curious  letter  about  Sir  Richard  Willis, 
mentioning  Morland  as  privy  to  his  quackery,  in 
Lister's  Clarendon,  iii.  87. 

May  18,  1660.  "  So  we  took  a  scout."  LORD 
BRAYBROOKE  explains  "  scout,"  "  a  kind  of  swift 
sailing  boat."  The  "  scout"  took  Pepys  from  the 
Hague  to  Delfe,  doubtless  by  canal,  and  would 
probably  be  similar  to  the  trek  schuyts,  which 
have  only  been  abandoned  as  a  general  mode  of 
travelling  in  Holland  on  the  introduction  of  rail- 
ways. But  the  trek  schuyts  were  not,  and  from 
the  nature  of  the  case  could  not  be,  swift.  Scoiit 
should  be  schuyt,  probably. 

June  6,  1660.  "Sir  Anthony  Cooper,  Mr. 
Hollis,  and  Mr.  Annesley,  late  Presidents  of  the 
Council  of  State."  Presidents  should  be  President. 
It  applies  only  to  Annesley,  soon  after  Earl  of 
Anglesey.  C.  H. 


MATHEMATICAL   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

At  p.  7.  of  PROFESSOR  DE  MORGAN'S  References 
for  the  History  of  the  Mathematical  Sciences,  there 
are  two  trifling  inaccuracies,  which,  occurring  in  so 
valuable  a  tract,  it  is  desirable  to  correct.  The 
Histoire  of  Bossut  bears  date  1802,  not  1810,  and 
it  has  not  a  list  of  mathematicians  at  the  end. 
The  list  is  appended  to  the  English  translation 
(London,  1803)  of  Bossut' s  work. 

The -English  "Editor's  Preface"  (from  pp.  xiii. 
— xiv.  of  which  it  appears  that  the  list  in  question 
was  added  by  him)  is  somewhat  remarkable.  As 
far  as  p.  x.  it  is  in  some  places  a  reproduction, 
with  slight  variations,  in  the  rest  a  literal  transla- 
tion of  portions  of  Montucla's  preface  to  his  own 
Histoire  (compare,  for  example,  the  remarks  on 
Proclus,  at  pp.  viii.  and  v.  of  the  respective  pre- 
faces, &c.). 

The  English  editor  having  (p.  x.)  brought 
Montucla  upon  the  stage,  his  previous  plagiarism 


[*  Noticed  by  LORD  BRAYBROOKE  in   the  new  edi- 
tion.—  ED.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


renders  him,  perhaps  unjustly,  liable  to  the  sus- 
picion of  borrowing  from  Lalande  (see  Montucla, 
2nd  ed.,  vol.  iii.  p.  vii.)  the  criticism  on  the  style, 
as  well  as  the  tribute  to  the  clearness  (ib.,  vol.  iv. 
p.  667.)  of  Montucla. 

The  questionable  nature  of  the  preface  may, 
however,  be  a  result  of  the  same  carelessness  and 
haste  which  has  (see  the  title-page  of  the  trans- 
lation) conferred  on  Bossut  the  name  of  John, 
instead  of  his  proper  appellation,  Charles. 

The  name  of  Bonnycastle  is  attached  to  the 
"  Editor's  Preface,"  but  unless  its  concluding  sen- 
tence be  considered  to  convey  the  meaning,  there 
is  no  express  assertion  that  he  is  the  actual  trans- 
lator. It  would  appear  (see  Pen.  Cyc.,  art.  Bon- 
nycastle, in  which  reference  is  made  to  p.  482. 
of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1821)  that  he 
added  the  list  and  editor's  preface,  and  that  Mr. 
T.  O.  Churchill,  in  fact,  made  the  translation 
which  Bonnycastle  edited.  The  foregoing  re- 
marks do  not,  of  course,  affect  the  merits  of  the 
translation  itself. 

JAMES  COCKLE,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Barrister-at-Law. 

4.  Pump  Court,  Temple. 


VOLTAIRE    AND   HENRI   CARION. —  SPIRIT-RAPPING. 

I  write  to  you  on  June  10,  1854,  in  what  I  be- 
lieve is  called  the  second  half  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  a  period  of  great  intellectual  progress, 
and  of  much  moral  enlightenment.  Inferior  to  the 
sixteenth  century  in  the  number  of  its  great  men, 
the  nineteenth  century  has  already  exceeded  the 
influence  of  the  formerupon  social  civilisation  by  its 
vast  range  of  scientific  discoveries  and  their  varied 
application.  So  at  least,  or  something  like  this,  I 
have  read  in  a  work  in  which  the  author  proved 
the  fact  entirely — to  his  own  satisfaction.  This  is 
very  natural  and  very  proper.  Next  to  the  public 
approbation  of  your  work  is  your  own  ;  and  the 
latter  is  especially  useful  when  the  former  fails. 
But  as  great  minds  have  their  weaknesses,  so  it 
may  be  said  great  centuries  have,  I  do  not  say 
their  follies,  but  merely  their  intellectual  relax- 
ations. Take,  for  instance,  "  Spirit-rapping."  So 
greatly  has  the  intellectual  spirit  of  the  age  ad- 
vanced, that  you  can  now,  it  seems,  evoke  the 
spirits  of  the  past,  through  the  medium  of  a 
wooden  table ;  and  even  if  you  have  no  other 
object  than  to  obtain  an  autograph  for  your 
album,  summon  by  this  medium  the  hand  you 
require,  and  have  its  image  and  subscription  in 
good  broad  text  (if  the  contributor  so  originally 
wrote  it)  before  you. 

Do  your  readers  doubt  this  ?  Let  them  read  the 
following  evidence  of  the  fact ;  and  as  "  N.  &  Q." 
are,  I  trust,  destined  to  form  a  part  hereafter  of 
the  literary  history  of  the  present,  it  will  be  of 


use,  to  enable  some  future  historian  to  form  an  idea 
of  the  knowledge,  the  judgment,  the  reason,  and 
the  faith  of  certain  educated  minds  at  this  present 
date.  Let  me  premise  the  race  of  "  spirit-rapping 
experiences  "  has  been  extremely  rapid,  and  wefi 
contested  between  England,  France,  Germany,  and 
America,  but  that  Jonathan  has  gone  ahead,  as 
might  be  expected,  of  the  others ;  in  fact,  that  in 
America  the  consumption  of  spirits  has  been 
greater  than  elsewhere.  But  Jonathan,  though 
exceeding  all  in  quantity,  has  been  unequal  in 
quality.  It  is  due  to  the  intellectual  ingenuity 
of  our  friends  and  neighbours  of  France  to  say, 
that  if  they  have  not  contributed  the  greatest 
amount  of  useful  knowledge  (which  was  not, 
perhaps,  in  their  power),  they  have  added  greatly 
to  the  range  of  our  curious  amusements  in  this 
respect. 

I  have  before  me  a  little  book,  "Lettres  sur  TE- 
vocation  des  Esprits  a  Madame  .  .  .  (Hum  ?), 
par  Mons.  Henri  Carion.  Precede  d'un  fac-simile 
de  1'Ecriture  de  1'Esprit  qui  a  declare  Stre  Vol- 
taire ! "  L'esprit  de  Voltaire  !  Now,  had  it  been 
that  of  Helvetius,  or  the  same  diluted  of  1'Abbe 
Cotin,  why,  we  might  have  succumbed  to  the  in- 
fluence of  the  evidence ;  but  1'esprit  de  Voltaire ! 
However,  here  is  the  record  of  what  Mons.  Henri 
Carion  has  done ;  I  send  it  you,  "  neat  as  im- 
ported." Recollect,  it  is  the  memorial  of  a  spiri- 
tual fact  by  an  educated  man,  which  fronts  without 
affronting  the  understanding  of  the  day. 

After  many  "  spiritual  experiences,"  the  author 
writes  :  "  En  songeant  a  reunir  ces  lettres  en  un 
petit  volume,  il  m'est  venu  a  la  pensee  qu'il  serait 
agreable  aux  lecteurs  de  voir  un  specimen  de  — 
L'Ecriture  des  Esprits  !  et  il  m'a  semble  que  Vol- 
taire devait  etre,  de  tous  les  personnages  qui  n'a- 
vaient  pas  dedaigne  de  repondre  a  mon  appel,  celui 
qui  exciterait  le  plus  de  curiosite."  Just  so ;  not 
less  than  when  he  appeared,  all  paint  and  pom- 
made,  at  eighty-four  years  of  age,  to  see  his  bust 
crowned  at  the  Opera,  A.D.  1778. 

"  J'ai  done  congu  le  dessein  de  le  mettre  (lui 
Voltaire!)  dans  ma  confidence  (ah!  and  for  what?), 
et  de  lui  demander  dans  ce  but  —  un  Autographs 
tout  special  dont  je  ferais  faire  le  Fac-simile. 

"  Voltaire  ne  se  fit  pas  prier  (he  was  always 
so  concessional,  especially  to  men  whose  mental 
faculties  resemble  those  of  Mons.  Henri  Carion, 
as,  for  instance,  Freron  and  La  Beaumelle),  et 
repondit  avec  un  empressement  de  bon  augure  a 
mon  invitation.  Des  qu'il  meut  ecrit  son  nom! 
Ecoutez,  Voltaire!  lui  dis-je,  (as  though  the 
spirit  and  he  were  familiar  as  hand  and  glove,)  j'ai 
a  vous  demander  un  avis,  et  un  acte  de  complai- 
sance, qui  peut  etre  utile  a  votre  pauvre  ame  (and 
not  less  to  "le  petit  livre"  and  the  album).  Savez- 
vous  que  j'ai  le  dessein  de  publier  en  un  petit 
volume  les  diverses  lettres  ou  j'ai  raconte  les  ex- 
periences que  j'ai  faites  sur  1'evocation  des  Es- 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


prits  ?  (Great  as  Voltaire's  attainments  were,  it  is 
strange,  almost  unnatural,  to  find  they  included 
the  bibliographical  knowledge  of  Mons.  Carion's 
literary  projects,  but  he  answers  in  a  flash.) — Oui ! 
—  Savez-vous  que  je  publierai  dans  ces  lettres  la 
conversation  que  nous  avons  eue  ensemble,  et 
pensez-vous  que  je  fasse  en  cela  une  oeuvre  utile  ? 
(I  am  ashamed  to  transcribe  the  reply.  Is  it  pos- 
sible that  profaneness  in  the  name  of  science  has 
proceeded  to  this  extent  ?  or  could  not  the  spirit 
of  Voltaire  restrain  the  malicious  indulgence  of 
his  wit  ?) —  Oui  !  pour  eclairer  les  hommes,  en  lew 
faisant  connaitre  la  grande  misericorde  de  mon 
Seigneur  Dieu  Jesus  Christ. — Mais  je  voudrais 
vous  appliquer  une  partie  du  merite  (only  a  part, 
and  that  "  du  merite."  M.  Carion  says  nothing  of 
the  value  of  the  autograph  so  obtained)  qu'il 
pourrait  y  avoir  dans  cette  oeuvre,  en  vous  y 
faisant  contribuer  d'une  manic-re  plus  particuliere 
que  tous  les  autres.  En  un  mot  (now  comes  the 
honour,  the  great  reward,  and  the  modest  request, 
"  mais  c'est  ce  cher  Carion."  How  could  Vol- 
taire's spirit  less  than  affiliate  with  this  spirit  which 
evoked  his  ?),  je  voudrais  avoir  de  vous  la  ma- 
tiere  ffunfac- simile  (What  is  that  ?  Ink  ?),  que 
je  placerais  en  tete  de  mon  petit  livre.  (Always 
"le  petit  livre,"  but  "en  tete?"  No,  Mons.  Carion 
has  deceived  the  spirit,  and  placed  the  autograph 
rather"  en  queue."  Doubtless  this  is  the  binder's 
fault,  for  Carion  himself  is  a  particular  man.  Notice 
how  he  proceeds.)  Voulez-vous  m'ecrire,  le  mieux 
que  vous  pourrez,  quelques  mots  a  votre  choix  ?  (to 
aid  the  sale  of  "  le  petit  livre."  Voltaire  replies 
in  another  flash) — Oui ! — Eh  bien,  ecrivez  ce  que 
vous  croirez  devoir  etre  le  plus  utile  a  vous  et  aux 
autres,  et  signez  ensuite,  avec  tout  le  soin possible" 
which  the  spirit  did  in  good  round-hand  * ;  but 


[*  Could  somebody  inform  us  how  the  handwriting 
is  obtained  ? 

When  we  know  that,  we  shall  hope  for  Dr.  Schiff, 
of  Frankfort-sur-Maine,  to  explain  the  trick;  who, 
according  to  the  Literary  Gazette  of  Saturday  last,  has 
solved  the  mystery  of «  Spirit-rapping."  The  Doctor, 
it  seems,  "  was  lately  present  when  a  medium  was 
engaged  in  producing  the  rappings.  This  medium 
was  a  young  German  girl ;  and  as  she  sat  perfectly 
isolated,  and  made  no  perceptible  movement,  the 
Doctor  was  puzzled  to  guess  how  she  caused  the  tap, 
tap,  by  which  questions  were  answered.  Going  home, 
it  struck  him  that  the  noise  might  be  occasioned  by 
straining  the  tendons  and  muscles  ;  and  he  immediately 
set  to  work  to  contract  his  feet  and  hands,  and  make 
other  experiments  with  his  limbs.  At  length,  to  his 
delight,  the  'rapping'  struck  his  ear;  and,  after  a 
few  trials,  he  found  that  he  could  create  it  at  will  as 
easily  as  any  '  medium.'  And  how  is  the  thing  done?  I 
By  simply  displacing  the  peronceus  lone/us  which  passes  | 
behind  the  ankle  up  the  leg;  such  displacing  being  ' 
effected  by  a  scarcely  perceptible  change  in  the  position 
of  the  foot,  and  being  accompanied  by  a  loudish  snap. 


notwithstanding  the  injunction  of  "  tout  le  soin 
possible,"  being  hurried,  raethin&s  he  "  felt  the 
morning  air,"  he  neither  dotted  his  z"s  nor  crossed 
his  fs,  so  that  the  hand  reminds  you  of  Charles 
Lamb's  repentant- after-spirit,  "  Yours,  raytherish 
unwell,"  but  "la  plume  traga  ces  lignes  aussitot:" 

"  J'ai  renie 
mes  ceuvres  impies. 

J'ai  pleure, 
et  mon  Dieu  m'a  fait  misericorde. 

VOLTAIRE." 

And  this  is  avouched  as  a  fact,  addressed  to 
an  intellectual  people,  in  the  most  enlightened 
capital  of  Europe.  From  henceforth  no  edition 
of  the  works  of  Voltaire  is  complete  without 
these  words  as  a  motto  on  the  title-page.  They 
will  at  least  impart  to  them  this  charm,  that  in  a 
page  of  Voltaire  three  words  of  unmixed  truth  are 
found  —  "  Mes  (Euvres  Impies."  S.  H. 


FOLK.    LOBE. 

Valentine's  Eve  in  Norwich.  —  I  should  be  glad 
if  any  of  your  subscribers  could  give  me  any  in- 
formation of  the  origin  of  the  manner  in  which 
this  festival  is  celebrated  here.  To  all  Norwich 
men  (or  women  or  children  either)  this  eve  will 
call  up  a  host  of  delightful  associations  ;  but  those 
who  are  strangers  may  not  so  well  know  to  what 
I  allude.  In  brief,  then,  the  custom  is  this  : — As 
soon  as  it  is  dark,  packages  may  be  seen  being 
carried  about  in  a  most  mysterious  way ;  and  as 
soon  as  the  coast  seems  clear,  the  parcel  is  laid  on 
the  door-step,  the  bell  clashed,  and  the  bearer 
runs  away.  Inside  the  house  all  is  on  the  qui 
vive,  and  the  moment  the  bell  is  heard,  all  the 
little  folks  (and  the  old  ones  too  sometimes)  rush 
to  the  door,  and  seize  the  parcel,  and  scrutinise  the 
direction  most  anxiously,  to  see  whether  it  is  for 
papa  or  mamma,  or  for  one  of  the  youngsters. 
The  parcels  contain  presents  of  all  descriptions, 
from  the  most  magnificent  books  or  desks,  to 
little  unhappy  squeaking  dolls ;  indeed,  I  have 
known  a  great  library  easy  chair  come  in  this 


In  persons  in  whom  the  fibrous  sheath  containing  the 
peronaus  is  weak  or  relaxed,  the  movement  is  more 
easily  effected  and  produces  a  greater  noise.  Having 
made  this  discovery,  Dr.  Schiff  practised  it  until  he 
got  to  be  a  first-rate  '  medium,'  and  then  he  hastened 
off  to  Paris  to  make  it  known.  In  a  recent  sitting  of 
the  Academy  of  Sciences,  a  paper  on  the  subject  was 
read ;  and  afterwards  the  Doctor,  in  presence  of  the 
learned  body,  showed  how  the  feat  was  accomplished. 
Over  and  over  again  he  created  'rappings'  as  distinct 
and  as  clear  as  any  '  spirit'  has  done  yet.  His  simple, 
yet  scientific,  explanation  of  one  of  the  greatest  of 
modern  impostures,  caused  both  gratification  and 
amusement  to  the  Academy."] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


way.  As  to  the»preparation  for  this  festival,  you 
may  easily  imagine  all  the  innocent  mystery  it 
occasions,  and  what  hiding  up  of  work,  &c.,  there 
is,  when  any  one  comes  in ;  and  what  secret  shop- 
ping !  for  the  shops  are  crowded  for  the  week 
before.  And  then  when  the  presents  have  come, 
what  guessing  there  is  who  could  have  sent 
them ;  for  I  ought  to  have  stated  that  they  are  all 
sent  anonymously,  or  at  most  with  some  attempts 
at  poetry  with  them ;  but  all  have  the  universal 
G.  M.  V.,  or  "  Good-morrow  Valentine,"  upon 
them. 

I  have  only  to  add  that  this  year  the  festival  has 
been  kept  more  religiously  than  ever.  W. 

Norwich. 

Cure  for  Toothache.  —  In  Staffordshire  and 
Shropshire,  the  following  superstition  prevails^  A 
mole-trap  must  be  watched,  and  the  moment  it  is 
sprung,  and  whilst  the  poor  mouldwarp  is  in  ex- 
tremis, but  before  life  is  extinct  (for  on  this  latter 
condition  the  success  of  the  charm  depends),  his 
hand-like  paws  are  to  be  cut  off,  and  worn  by  the 
patient.  A  dexter  paw  must  be  used  should  the 
offending  tooth  be  on  the  right  side  of  the  jaw,  and 
the  contrary.  A  case  of  this  came  under  my 
notice  the  other  day  at  Buildwas  on  the  Severn. 
This  appears  to  point  to  the  Italian  amulet  in  the 
form  of  a  hand,  against  the  Evil  Eye.  I  have  seen 
a  mole's  paw  mounted  in  silver  in  London. 

W.  J.  BEBNHABD  SMITH. 
;  Temple. 

Derbyshire  Folk  Lore. — It  is  a  custom  at  the 
town  of  Bakewell,  when  a  country  beauty  has 
been  won  by  one  of  her  many  wooers,  to  hang 
upon  the  doors  of  the  unsuccessful  swains  on  the 
evening  of  the  wedding-day  a  wreath  of  boughs 
and  flowers :  poor  exchange  for  that  "  golden 
garland"  the  wedding-ring.  P.  M.  M. 

Temple. 


ANECDOTE   BELATED   BY   ATTEBBURT. 

Can  any  additional  particulars  be  obtained  or 
corroborations  furnished,  of  the  anecdote  con- 
tained in  the  following  extract  ? 

"  Among  Smith's  books  in  the  Bodleian  Library 
is  The  Historie  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  edit.  162O, 
London,  folio ;  and  on  the  blank  leaf  opposite  the  title 
are  the  following  notes  in  Dr.  Atterbury's  hand  : 

'  When  Dr.  Duncombe  was  sick  at  Venice,  Father 
Fulgentio,  with  whom  he  was  in  the  strictest  intimacy, 
visited  him  ;  and  finding  him  under  great  uneasiness 
of  mind,  as  well  as  body,  pressed  him  to  disclose  the 
reason  of  it ;  asking  him,  among  other  things,  whether 
any  nobleman  under  his  care  had  miscarried,  or  his 
bills  of  return  had  failed  him ;  and  proffering  in  the 
latter  case  what  credit  he  pleased  at  Venice.  After 
many  such  questions  and  negative  answers,  Dr.  Dun- 


combe  was  at  last  prevailed  with  to  own  his  uneasiness, 
and  to  give  this  true  account  of  it  to  the  father.  He 
said  that  he  had  often  begged  of  God,  that  he  might 
end  his  life  where  he  might  have  opportunity  of  re- 
ceiving the  blessed  Sacrament  according  to  the  rites 
and  usages  of  the  Church  of  England ;  that  consider- 
ing he  spent  his  life  in  travelling  chiefly  through 
Popish  countries,  this  was  a  happiness  he  could  never 
reasonably  promise  himself;  and  that  his  present  de- 
spair of  it,  in  the  dangerous  condition  he  was  in,  was 
the  true  occasion  of  that  dejection  which  Father  Ful- 
gentio observed  in  him.  Upon  this  the  father  bid  him, 
be  of  good  cheer,  told  him  he  had  the  Italian  transla- 
tion of  the  English  Liturgy,  and  would  come  the  next 
day  with  one  or  two  more  of  his  convent,  and  admi- 
nister it  to  him  in  both  kinds,  and  exactly  according 
to  the  English  usage :  and  what  he  promised,  he  per- 
formed the  next  day,  Dr.  Duncombe  receiving  it  at  his 
hands ;  who,  outliving  his  distemper,  and  returning 
into  England,  told  this  story  often  to  my  Lord  Hatton, 
Captain  Hatton's  father,  in  the  hearing  of  the  Captain, 
about  the  years  1660,  1661,  and  1662.  This  I  had! 
from  Captain  Hatton's  mouth  in  the  year  1669. 

'  FR.  ATTERBURY,  Oct.  11,  1701. 

"'In  March,  1709,  I  met  Captain  Hatton  again, 
and  put  him  in  mind  of  this  story,  which  I  desired 
him  to  repeat ;  which  he  did  without  varying  in  any 
circumstance,  but  one  only,  viz.  That  Fulgentio  did 
not  actually  administer  the  Sacrament  to  Dr.  Dun- 
combe, the  Doctor  refusing  to  accept  a  kindness  of 
that  dangerous  nature,  which  might  involve  Fulgentio 
in  trouble,  unless  he  were  in  the  utmost  necessity. 
But  recovering  from  that  time,  he  made  no  use  of 
Fulgentio's  proffer.  He  added,  that  Fulgentio  told 
Dr.  Duncombe  that  there  were  still  in  the  convent 
seven  or  eight  of  Father  Paul's  disciples,  who  met 
sometimes  privately  to  receive  the  Sacrament  in  both. 
kinds.'  " — Atterbury's  Correspondence,  vol.  i.  pp.  51,  52. 

WM.  FBASEB,  B.C.L. 


Phrenology  partly  anticipated.  —  Lavater,  in  the 
third  volume  of  his  Physiognomy,  quotes  the  fol- 
lowing passage  from  Claramantius  on  Conjecture 
respecting  Man's  Moral  Character  and  Secret 
Affections,  in  ten  books,  Helnistadt,  1665  : 

"  A  square  form  of  forehead  is  the  sign  of  superior 
talents  and  sound  judgment;  for  it  arises  from  the 
natural  figure  of  the  head,  in  the  anterior  part  of  which 
judgment  carries  on  its  operations." 

UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

The  first  Pre-Raffaelite.  — 

"  Upon  asking  how  he  had  been  taught  the  act  of  a 
cognoscento  so  very  suddenly,  he  assured  me  nothing 
was  more  easy.  The  whole  secret  consisted  in  a  strict 
adherence  to  two  rules:  the  one,  always  to  observe  the 
picture  might  have  been  better  if  the  painter  had  taken 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


more  pains  ;  and  the  other  to  praise  the  works  of  Pietro 
Perugino."  —  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  ch.  xx. 

MALCOLM  FBASER. 
Clifton. 

Hesiod  and  Matt.  v.  43.  — 


Hesiod,  Works  and  Days,  353. 

May  it  not  be  this  maxim  of  Hesiod  our  Saviour 
alludes  to,  when  he  says  : 

"  Ye  have  heard  that  it  hath  been  said,  Thou  shalt 
love  thy  neighbour,  and  hate  thine  enemy  "(?)  — 
Matt.  v.  43. 

JOHN  SOUTH  PHILLIPS. 

Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

Anecdote  of  Eldon.  —  The  following  anecdote 
•was  related  to  me  by  my  father,  who  had  received 
it  from  Bosanquet,  the  author  of  the  Reports. 

Judge  Bosanquet,  when  a  young  man,  was  re- 
porting a  case  before  Lord  Eldon,  and  the  chan- 
cellor requested  to  see  the  report.  Bosanquet 
sent  it  to  him  with  his  judgment,  reported  exactly 
as  it  had  fallen  from  his  lordship's  lips  ;  except 
that  some  of  his  unmanageably  long  sentences 
•were  broken  up  into  reasonable  lengths.  One 
sentence  especially,  occupying  three  folio  pages 
and  a  half,  was  broken  into  a  number  of  shorter 
periods.  His  lordship's  only  alteration  was  to  put 
this  wounded  snake  of  a  sentence  back  again,  as 
he  had  originally  pronounced  it.  And  in  this 
state  it  may  now  be  found  in  Bosanquet's  Reports, 
filling  three  folio  pages  and  a  half.  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 


CLAIRVOYANCE. 

If  room  can  be  made  for  the  following  letter, 
addressed  some  months  ago  to  the  editor  of  the 
Christian  Observer,  it  will  explain  itself;  and 
perhaps  some  correspondent  will  be  able  and  dis- 
posed to  give  me,  either  directly  or  through  your 
pages,  the  information  which  it  was  intended  to 
elicit : 

Gloucester,  Feb.  4,  1854. 
SlK, 

In  a  review  relating  to  mesmerism,  in  this 
month's  Christian  Observer,  the  writer  says,  with 
reference  to  what  is  called  clairvoyance,  — 

"  The  best  test  of  this  fraud  (for  it  is  nothing  better) 
is,  that  of  the  challenges  which  have  been  given  to  the 
whole  class  of  clairvoyants,  to  read  the  numbers  upon 
certain  bank  notes  which  have  been  locked  up  in  metal 
boxes,  on  the  condition  of  receiving  these  notes  when 
so  deciphered;  and  which  have  universally  failed."  — 
P.  133. 

I  am  endeavouring  to  collect  evidence  on  the 
subject ;  and  as  his  language  seems  to  indicate  an 


acquaintance  with  cases  that  have  not  come  to  my 
knowledge,  I  should  feel  much  obliged  if  he  would 
favour  me  with  a  list  of  the  challenges  to  which  he 
refers. 

In  asking  this  information  respecting  what  the 
writer  speaks  of  as  a  notorious  matter,  I  trust  I 
shall  not  be  considered  as  intruding  myself  on  his 
confidence,  or  trying  to  penetrate  his  incognito.  I 
have  no  wish  to  do  either,  but  merely  ask  for  re- 
ferences to  published  documents,  or  such  a  state- 
ment of  names  and  dates  as  may  enable  me  to 
find  them. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Yours  faithfully, 

S.  R.  MAITLAND. 


Pillars  resting  on  Animals.  —  In  churches  at 
Modena,  Parma,  Florence,  and  other  towns  in 
Italy,  are  found  pillars  (generally  near  the  en- 
trance) resting  upon  lions  and  other  animals. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  explain  the 
meaning  of  such  peculiar  bases  to  columns  ?  I 
rather  think  there  are  none  such  in  England. 

M.  H.  R. 

MS.  Verses  in  Fullers  " Medicina  Gymnastica" 
— In  the  fly-leaf  of  a  copy  of  Fuller's  Medicina 
Gymnastica  (A.D.  1705),  which  I  lately  purchased, 
I  found  the  following  lines  in  manuscript : 
"  In  time  of  need,  few  friends  a  man  shall  finde  ; 
But  when  a  man  is  rich,  then  all  seeme  kinde." 
"  Old  Smug,  the  smith,  for  ale  and  spice 

Sold  all  his  tooles,  but  kept  his  vice." 

"  He  plows  in  sand,  and  sowes  against  the  winde, 

That  hopes  for  constant  love  of  womankinde." 

Are  these  lines  known  to  any  of  your  readers  ? 

D. 
Leamington. 

Charles  Povey. — Can  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents refer  me  to  sources  of  information  regarding 
the  above-named  curious  character,  who  died 
about  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  at  a  good 
old  age ;  after  projecting  various  schemes,  and 
writing  many  books  upon  political,  commercial, 
moral,  theological,  and  miscellaneous  subjects  ? 
I  am  acquainted  with  the  slight  notices  of  Povey 
to  be  found  in  the  Gent.  Mag.,  Nichols,  Tim- 
perley,  Cunningham,  Francis,  Lysons,  and  Park  ; 
and  rather  seek  references  to  the  newspapers  of 
his  day,  where  it  is  likely  he  often  figured.  J.  O. 

The  Moon's  Influence. — In  the  works  of  the  old 
authors  who  have  written  on  the  subject  of  agri- 
culture, frequent  allusion  is  made  to  the  influence 
of  the  moon  on  the  growth  of  plants ;  and  the 
farmer  is  cautioned  not  to  sow  his  seeds  during 
the  increase  of  the  moon.  This  caution  however, 


8 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


as  far  as  my  observation  goes,  applies  only  to  the 
sowing  of  pease  and  beans.  Sir  Anthony  Fitz- 
Herbert  says : 

"  Take  especial  care  to  sow  your  pease  in  the  old  of 
the  moon ;  then  will  they  codd  better,  and  be  sooner 
ripe." 

Tusser  writes  to  the  same  effect : 

"  Sow  peason  and  beans  in  the  wane  of  the  moon  ; 
Who  soweth  them  sooner,  he  soweth  too  soon : 
That  they  with  the  planet  may  rest  and  arise, 
And  flourish  with  bearing  most  plentiful  wise." 

Some  of  your  readers  may  perhaps  be  able  to 
inform  me  whether  any  such  belief  of  the  moon's 
influence  prevails  in  any  part  of  England  at  the 
present  time ;  and  whether,  if  so,  it  is  confined  to 
the  two  particular  crops  alluded  to. 

I  am  aware  that,  be  it  truth  or  mere  superstition, 
there  are  many  good  housekeepers  who  will  on  no 
account  kill  a  pig,  with  a  view  to  salt  its  flesh, 
without  consulting  the  age  of  the  moon. 

R.  W.  B. 

Salt,  Custom  connected  with. — A  friend  tells  me 
that  some  tribe  of  Tartars  has  a  custom  of  carry- 
ing a  piece  of  salt  in  a  little  bag  at  the  saddle- 
bow, to  be  sucked  by  the  way  as  a  solace  to  the 
traveller;  and  also  to  be  offered  on  occasion  to 
those  whom  he  may  meet,  as  a  pledge  of  friend- 
ship. What  author  mentions  such  a  habit  ? 

G.  WILLIAM  SKYEING. 

Somerset  House. 

"  The  Devil  sits  in  his  easy  chair." — Who  was  the 
author  of  a  satire  on  English  politics,  beginning : 

"  The  Devil  sits  in  his  easy  chair, 

Sipping  his  sulphur  tea, 
And  gazing  out,  with  a  pensive  air, 

O'er  the  broad,  bitumen  sea. 
Lull'd  into  sentimental  mood, 

By  the  spirits'  far-off  wail,"  &c. 

ANON. 

The  Turks  and  the  Irish.  —  Perhaps  some 
reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  may  be  able  and  willing  to 
give  the  full  title  of  the  work  alluded  to  in  the 
following  newspaper  cutting ;  and,  farther,  to  in- 
form us  exactly  as  to  what  the  Pythagorean  says 
of  Ireland  and  its  literature  ? 

"  A  very  valuable  work  has  been  recently  edited  at 
Leipsic.  It  is  a  Latin  abstract  of  cosmography,  ori- 
ginally written  in  Greek  by  Hicas,  a  Pythagorean 
philosopher  of  the  third  century,  and  who  appears  to 
have  been  a  native  of  Istria,  which,  according  to  the 
learned  German  editor,  comprehended  part  of  the  pre- 
sent Turkey.  This  work  is  a  valuable  addition  to 
geographical  knowledge,  as  the  writer  appears  to  have 
visited  a  great  number  of  countries,  which  in  his  day 
were  perfect  terrce  incognita.  But  what  we  would  par- 
ticularly remark  is  his  notice  of  two  nations  at  nearly 
opposite  extremities  of  Europe  —  the  Turks  and  the 
Irish.  He  speaks  of  the  '  Turchoe,'  or  '  Turci,'  as  in- 


habiting a  region  near  the  Caspian  Sea,  comprising 
part  of  the  territory  wrested  from  their  descendants  by 
the  late  Emperor  of  Russia.  This  proves  that  the 
readings  in  other  writers,  which  speak  of  the-  Turks  as 
an  ancient  people,  are  correct.  But  still  more  impor- 
tant is  what  this  writer  says  of  Ireland,  which  country 
he  visited  personally :  for  he  speaks  of  the  people  -as 
having  an  alphabet  and  literature  so  early  as  the  third 
century,  i.e.  nearly  two  hundred  years  before  the  time 
of  St.  Patrick,  thus  affording  external  confirmation  to 
the  genuineness  of  our  Druidic  remains." 

JAMES  GBAVES.. 
Kilkenny. 

Milton  Portraits. — Is  the  present  depository  of 
two  beautiful  drawings  on  vellum  of  portraits  of 
Milton  the  poet,  by  Richardson,  jun.,  known  ? 

GARLICHITHE. 

The  "Economy  of  Human  Life." — Prior  to  the 
death  of  Dodsley,  the  Economy  of  Human  Life 
was  without  scruple  ascribed  to  Lord  Chesterfield : 
the  Monthly  Review  and  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine subsequently  claimed  the  work  as  the  pro- 
duction of  the  unassuming  publisher  and  poet, 
affirming  that  Chesterfield  permitted  Dodsley  to 
use  his  name  as  a  favour,  to  promote  the  sale  of 
the  work.  Is  there  any  evidence  beyond  the  ipse 
dixit  of  the  writers  in  the  Monthly  Review  and  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  robbing  Chesterfield  of 
the  honour  of  composing  this  admirable  epitome  of 
morals?  T.  M.  N. 

Robert  Parsons  or  Persons,  the  celebrated 
Jesuit  theologian,  died  at  Rome  in  1610.  When 
and  where  was  he  born,  and  what  are  the  titles 
and  dates  of  his  published  works  ?  His  Christian 
Resolutions  were  elegantly  translated  into  Welsh 
by  Dr.  Davies,  the  lexicographer  and  grammarian, 
and  printed  at  London  in  1632.  Has  there  been 
a  late  edition  of  the  original  ?  HIRLAS. 

Orpheus  Sumart  the  Clockmaher.  —  Can  any  of 
your  numerous  correspondents  inform  me  when 
Orpheus  Sumart  flourished  in  Clerkenwell  ? 

I  have  in  my  possession,  and  in  use,  a  clock 
bearing  on  its  face  his  name :  the  works  are  of 
wood,  and  its  mechanism  extremely  simple.^  My 
late  father's  reminiscences  extended  back  just  a 
century  from  the  present  date,  and  he  always 
spoke  of  it  as  a  piece  of  old  family  furniture. 

T.  B.  B.  H. 

"  The  Ants."  —  The  Ants ;  a  Rhapsody,  two 
volumes  12mo.  Curious  cuts.  1767.  The  author's 
name  and  object  of  this  satire  are  desired.  J.  O. 

Transmutation  of  Metals. — Will  some  of  your 
really  scientific  readers  be  pleased  to  state  whe- 
ther it  be  possible  to  transmute  any  of  the  baser 
metals  into  gold  ?  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  it 
is  now  possible,  though  it  was  not  in  the  days  of  Sir 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Isaac  Newton,  nor  yet  in  any  previous  age  of  the 
world.  C.  W. 

Franciscan  Dress.  —  Mr.  Maclise,  in  his  large 
picture  of  Strongbow  and  Eva,  dated  1171,  has 
introduced  a  friar  dressed  as  a  Franciscan.  St. 
Francis,  the  founder  of  the  Order,  was  born  in 
A.D.  1182.  Is  there  any  authority  to  show  that 
this  garb  was  used  before  the  time  of  the  great 
saint  of  Assisi  ? 


Richard  Colwell  of  Faversham.  —  I  observed 
some  years  since,  in  an  old  pedigree  of  the  ancient 
family  of  Colwell  of  Faversham  in  Kent,  that  one 
Robert  Colwell  had  a  son  and  heir  called  Richard 
Colwell  of  Faversham,  and  that  he  was  twice  mar- 
ried, viz.  1st,  a  daughter  of  John  Bellinger,  of  co. 
Kent;  2nd,  a  daughter  of  John  Master,  of  Sand- 
wich. My  object  is  to  ascertain,  in  the  first  place, 
the  Christian  names  of  these  wives  ;  and,  secondly, 
to  what  family  the  above  John  Bellinger  belonged, 
and  where  his  residence  was,  and  when  he  died. 

As  some  aid,  I  may  add  that  the  father  of  the 
second  wife  died  in  1558.  Perhaps  some  of  your 
able  antiquarian  correspondents  can  give  me  the 
information  I  require.  F.  T. 

Conspiracy  to  dig  up  Corpses.  —  Niebuhr,  in 
his  Lectures  on  Roman  History,  vol.  i.  p.  290., 
2nd  ed.,  by  Dr.  Schmitz,  has  the  following  pas- 
sage : 

"  A  person  who  looks  with  fondness  upon  past  ages, 
and  would  fain  recall  them,  is  not  a  homo  gravis,  but  is 
diseased  in  his  mind.  I  would  rather  see  a  man  pre- 
ferring the  present  to  the  past  ;  hut  the  legislative 
conceit  of  our  age  is  very  injurious,  for  legislators 
imagine  that  they  can  determine  everything.  I  was 
once  present  in  a  country  where  the  discovery  was 
made  that  there  existed  a  conspiracy  of  men  who  dug 
up  corpses  from  their  graves  after  they  had  been  buried 
for  many  years  ;  and  as  the  law  bad  made  no  pro- 
vision for  such  a  crime,  the  monsters  escaped  with 
impunity." 

Does  any  of  your  correspondents"  know  what  is 
the  country,  and  what  the  circumstances,  to  which 
Niebuhr  here  alludes  ?  L. 

The  Herodians.  —  In  the  Add.  MSS.  of  the 
British  Museum,  No.  7197.,  there  is  a  history  of 
Paul  the  Presbyter,  and  his  dispute  with  Satan. 
In  this  is  contained  some  account  of  a  semi- 
Christian  sect  called  Herodians,  who  only  received 
the  Gospel  by  Mark,  and  four  of  the  Books  of 
Moses.  They  were  Socialists  in  a  very  wide  sense, 
and  lived  in  Samaria.  Who  can  give  me  any 
other  reference  to  them  ?  B.  H.  C. 


"Animali  Parlanti"  of  Casti.  — Will  some  cor- 
respondent kindly   inform  me   if  there  exists   a 


translation  of  this   poem   into   English  ?     Watt 
mentions  only  a  French  translation.  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 

[There  is  an  admirable  English  translation  by  the 
late  William  Stewart  Rose,  the  translator  of  Ariosto, 
which  was  published  by  Murray  in  1819,  under  the 
title  of  The  Court  and  Parliament  of  Beasts,  freely  trans- 
lated from  the  "Animali  Parlanti  "  of  Giambattista  Casti, 
a  Poem  in  Seven  Cantos.  The  translation  was  ad- 
dressed to  Ugo  Foscolo  in  a  poetical  dedication,  in 
which  the  translator  treats  of  the  liberties  he  has  taken 
with  his  original,  and  which  concludes  : 

"  Dear  Foscolo,  to  thee  my  dedication  's 
Address'd  with  reason.      Who  like  thee  is  able 
To  judge  betwixt  the  theme  and  variations  ? 
To  whom  so  well  can  I  inscribe  my  fable 
As  thee  ?  since  I  upon  good  proof,  may  sing  thee 
Docturn  sermones  utriusque  linguce."] 

Confessor  to  the  Royal  Household. — D'Israeli,  in 
his  Commentaries  on  Life  and  Reign  of  Charles  /., 
describing  the  difficulties  which  Elizabeth  and 
James  had  to  contend  with  in  relation  to  their 
Catholic  subjects,  says  : 

"  So  obscure,  so  cautious,  and  so  undetermined  were 
the  first  steps  to  withdraw  from  the  ancient  Papistical 
customs,  that  Elizabeth  would  not  forgive  a  bishop  for 
marrying ;  and  auricular  confession,  however  con- 
demned as  a  point  of  Popery,  was  still  adhered  to  by 
many.  Bishop  Andrews  would  loiter  in  the  aisles  of 
St.  Paul's  to  afford  his  spiritual  comfort  to  the  un- 
burtheners  of  their  conscience." 

And  he  then  adds  this  note  : 

"  This  last  remains  of  Popery  may  still  be  traced 
among  us;  for,  since  the  days  of  our  Eighth  Henry, 
the  place  of  confessor  to  the  royal  household  has  never 
been  abolished." 

Query,  is  the  office  still  in  existence  ;  and  if  so, 
who  holds  it,  and  by  whom  is  the  confessor  ap- 
pointed ?  Of  course,  I  do  not  suppose  that  our 
Queen  maintains  a  Roman  Catholic  confessor  ; 
but  is  the  office  still  retained  in  the  same  manner 
as  that  of  the  Abbot  of  Westminster,  referred  to  in 
one  of  Cardinal  Wiseman's  Pastorals  ? 

A  YOUNG  SUBSCRIBER. 

[The  office  is  connected  with  the  Chapel  Royal, 
St.  James's,  and  is  at  present  held  by  Dr.  Charles 
Wesley,  who  is  also  sub-dean.  The  appointment  is  by 
the  Dean  of  the  Chapel  Royal,  the  Bishop  of  London. 
The  confessor  (sometimes  called  chaplain)  officiates  at 
the  early  morning  prayers,  so  punctually  attended  by 
the  late  Duke  of  Wellington.  Chamberlayne,  in  the 
Magna:  Britannia  Notitia,  p.  97.,  edit.  1755,  has  the 
following  notice  of  the  Chapel  Royal:  "For  the  eccle- 
siastical government  of  the  King's  court,  there  is  first 
a  dean  of  the  Chapel  Royal,  who  is  usually  some 
grave,  learned  prelate,  chosen  by  the  King,  and  who, 
as  dean,  acknowledged)  no  superior  but  the  King;  for 
as  the  King's  palace  is  exempt  from  all  inferior  tem- 
poral jurisdiction,  so  is  his  chapel  from  all  spiritual. 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


It  is  called  Capella  Dominica,  the  domain  chapel ;  is 
not  within  the  jurisdiction  or  diocese  of  any  bishop ; 
but,  as  a  regal  peculiar,  exempt  and  reserved  to  the 
visitation  and  immediate  government  of  the  King,  who 
is  supreme  ordinary,  as  it  were,  over  all  England.  By 
the  dean  are  chosen  all  other  officers  of  the  chapel, 
namely,  a  sub-dean,  or  prtecentor  capella,  thirty-two 
gentlemen  of  the  chapel,  whereof  twelve  are  priests, 
and  one  of  them  is  confessor  to  the  King's  household, 
whose  office  is  to  read  prayers  every  morning  to  the 
•family,  to  visit  the  sick,  to  examine  and  prepare  com- 
municants, to  inform  such  as  desire  advice  in  any  case 
of  conscience  or  point  of  religion,"  &c.] 

Negus.  —  In  a  lately-published  catalogue  of 
books  on  sale  by  Mr.  Kerslake  of  Bristol,  I  ob- 
serve the  following  article,  which  may  perhaps  be 
deemed  worthy  of  a  place  in  your  pages  : 

"6915.  The  Annales  of  Tacitus,  and  Description  of 
Germany,  1604,  folio,  old  vellum  wrapper,  16*. 

"  This  book  has  belonged  to  Thomas  Vernon  of 
Ashton,  Bishop's  Waltham,  Hants,  1704 — 1753,  who 
has  made  use  of  the  margins  throughout  the  volume 
for  the  purpose  of  recording  his  observations,  opinions, 
friendships,  including  also  his  will !  On  p.  269.  is  what 
appears  to  have  been  the  origin  of  the  word  '  Negus.' — 
'  After  a  morning's  walk,  half  a  pint  of  white  wine, 
made  hot  and  sweetened  a  little,  is  recond  very  good, — 
Col.  Negus,  a  gent"  of  tast,  advises  it,  I  have  heard 
say.'" 

If  I  might  add  a  Query  upon  this  Note,  it 
would  be,  Can  any  corroboration  be  given  of  the 
correctness  of  the  etymology  ?  and  is  anything 
farther  known  of  Colonel  Negus  ?  T.  S.  B.  R. 

[Wine  and  water,  it  is  said,  first  received  the  name 
of  Negus  from  Colonel  Francis  Negus,  who  was  com- 
missioner for  executing  the  office  of  Master  of  the 
Horse  during  the  reign  of  George  I.  Among  other 
anecdotes  related  of  him,  one  is,  that  party  spirit  run- 
ning high  at  that  period  between  Whigs  and  Tories, 
wine-bibbing  was  resorted  to  as  an  excitement.  On 
one  occasion  some  leading  Whigs  and  Tories  having, 
par  accident*  got  over  their  cups  together,  and  Mr. 
Negus  being  present,  and  high  words  ensuing,  he  re- 
commended them  in  future  to  dilute  their  wine,  as  he 
did,  which  suggestion  fortunately  directed  their  atten- 
tion from  an  argument  which  probably  would  have 
ended  seriously,  to  one  on  the  merits  of  wine  and 
water,  which  concluded  by  their  nicknaming  it  Negus. 
A  correspondent  in  the  Gentleman's  Mag.  for  Feb.  1799, 
p.  119.,  farther  states,  "that  Negus  is  a  family  name; 
and  that  the  said  liquor  took  its  name  from  an  indivi- 
dual of  that  family,  the  following  relation  (on  the  vera- 
city of  which  you  may  depend)  will,  I  think,  ascertain. 
It  is  now  nearly  thirty  years  ago,  that  being  on  a  visit 
to  a  friend  at  Frome,  in  Somersetshire,  I  accompanied 
my  friend  to  the  house  of  a  clergyman  of  the  name  of 
Potter.  The  house  was  decorated  with  many  paint- 
ings, chiefly  family  portraits,  amongst  which  I  was  par- 
ticularly pleased  with  that  of  a  gentleman  in  a  military 
dress,  which  appeared,  by  the  style,  to  have  been  taken 
in  or  about  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne.  In  answer  to 


my  inquiries  concerning  the  original  of  the  portrait, 
Mrs.  Potter  informed  me  it  was  a  Colonel  Negus,  an 
uncle  of  her  husband's  ;  that  from  this  gentleman  the 
liquor  usually  so  called  had  its  name,  it  being  his  usual 
beverage.  When  in  company  with  his  junior  officers 
he  used  to  invite  them  to  join  him  by  saying,  '  Come, 
boys,  join  with  me;  taste  my  liquor  !'  Hence  it  soon 
became  fashionable  in  the  regiment,  and  the  officers,  in 
compliment  to  their  colonel,  called  it  Negus"~\ 

"  Terras  Filius"  —  Who  was  the  author  of 
Terra  Filius,  or  the  Secret  History  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  §•<?.,  two  vols.  12mo.,  London, 
printed  for  R.  Francklin,  under  Tom's  Coffee 
House  in  Russell  Street,  Covent  Garden,  1726  ? 

Doubtless  some  of  your  correspondents  will  be 
able  to  answer  the  above  Query,  and  may, 
perhaps,  have  the  means  of  adding  some  inform- 
ation about  him,  and  the  probable  degree  of  credit 
to  be  given  to  his  representations. 

I  would  ask  at  the  same  time  what  was  the  date 
of  the  last  appearance  of  a  Terra  Filius  at  Ox- 
ford, and  where  any  memorials  of  the  custom,  and 
of  the  speakers,  and,  their  speeches  (if  any),  are 
to  be  found  ?  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 

[Nicholas  Amherst  was  the  author  of  this  popular 
satire.  He  was  the  ostensible  editor  of  the  Craftsman, 
under  the  assumed  name  of  Caleb  Danvers.  (See 
"  Life  of  Amherst,"  in  Gibber's  Lives  of  the  Poets, 
vol.  v.  p.  325.  ;  Southey's  Specimens  of  English  Poets, 
vol.  i.  p.  394.;  and  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  October, 
1 837,  p.  373. )  Mr.  Hallam  says,  «'  Amherst's  Terree 
Filius  is  a  very  clever,  though  rather  libellous  invective 
against  the  University  of  Oxford  at  that  time ;  but  I 
have  no  doubt  it  contains  much  truth." — Constit.  Hist., 
vol.  iii.  p.  335.  For  an  interesting  and  curious  article 
on  the  various  Terras  Filii,  see  Oxoniana,  vol.  i.  pp.  104- 
110.] 

Consecration  of  Colours. — "Was  it  customary, 
during  the  last  war  (the  French  war),  on  present- 
ing colours  to  a  regiment,  to  consecrate  or  bless 
them  previously ;  and,  if  so,  what  was  the  form 
generally  used  on  the  occasion  ?  ENQDIKEH. 

[It  was  customary,  during  the  last  French  war,  to 
consecrate  the  colours  of  a  regiment.  A  form  of  prayer 
was  composed  for  the  occasion,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
account  of  the  presentation  of  colours  to  the  Queen's 
Royal  Volunteers,  noticed  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
for  January,  1804,  p.  71.  In  the  same  volume,  at  p.  34., 
the  prayer  is  printed.  In  a  pamphlet,  entitled  An  Ad- 
dress delivered  to  the  Royal  Westminster  Volunteers,  on 
the  Consecration  of  their  Colours,  May  25,  1797,  by  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Jefferson,  there  is  also  a  prayer  composed 
for  the  occasion.] 

Motto  of  "  The  Sun  "  Newspaper. — A  friend  of 
mine  wishes  to  ascertain  the  precise  words  of  the 
Latin  motto  which,  until  recently,  was  uniformly 
printed  upon  every  copy  of  The  Sun  newspaper. 
The  quotation,  for  such  I  suppose  it  was  in  reality, 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


might,  I  understand,  be  Anglicised  thus :  "  Who 
dares  say  the  Sun  tells  a  lie  ?  "  T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

[The  motto  is  taken  from  Virgil,  Georg.,  lib.  i. 
1.  463. :  "  Solem  quis  dicere  falsum  audeat."  The 
other  motto  was  not  very  complimentary  to  its  cotem- 
porary,  "  Sol  clarior  Astro."] 

"Louvre"  Boards.  —  Can  any  of  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  the  origin  of  the  word 
louvre,  as  applied  to  louvre  boards  of  churches  ? 

INA. 

Wells. 

[This  word  is  variously  written  louvre,  loovre,  lover,  or 
lantern,  from  the  French  Vouvert.  It  is  sometimes 
termed  afomeril.  In  Withal's  Dictionary,  pp.  195.  215., 
we  read  of  "  The  lovir  or  fomerilL  ...  A  loover  where 
the  smoake  passeth  out."  And  in  the  Antiquarian  Re- 
pertory, vol.  i.  p.  69.,  occurs  the  following  passage : 
"  Antiently,  before  the  Reformation,  ordinary  men's 
houses,  as  copyholders  and  the  like,  had  no  chimneys, 
but  fleus,  like  leuvtr  holes."  See  also  Glossary  of  Ar- 
chitecture, s.  v.] 


ABBEY    OF   ABEBBHOTHOCK. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  520.) 

Will  J.  O.  kindly  state  how  and  in  what  respect 
"  that  fine  old  ruin,  the  Abbey  of  Aberbrothock," 
has  been  "  brushed  up  ? "  All  lovers  of  the  re- 
mains of  ancient  architecture  in  Scotland,  and  in- 
deed everywhere,  will  be  delighted  to  hear  that  a 
spirit  of  reverence  and  love  for  the  monuments  of 
past  ages  (such  fragments  of  them  as  still  exist) 
is  not  quite  dead  in  Scotland,  nay,  in  fact  is  re- 
viving. This  is  manifested,  not  as  combined  with 
a  spirit  of  blind  attachment  to  old  abuses  and 
superstitions,  but  as  a  refined  feeling  for  the  pure 
and  the  beautiful  in  art,  as  it  was  developed  in  a 
region  and  at  a  time  often  supposed  to  have  been 
sunk  in  barbarism.  The  "  brushing  up  "  at  Aber- 
brothock does  not  mean,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  mutila- 
tion and  defacement.  In  that  case,  may  it  spread, 
like  a  mania,  all  over  the  land !  All  Scotsmen,  I 
said,  in  whose  breasts  a  spark  of  genuine  taste  or 
cultivated  intellect  dwells,  and  whom  no  distance 
from  their  country,  no  length  of  absence  from  it, 
can  render  indifferent  and  cold  towards  their  native 
land,  will  be  delighted  to  learn  that  Aberbrothock, 
in  its  fallen  and  mutilated  state,  still  has  some 
friends  and  protectors  left.  May  Holyrood  Chapel 
and  other  ruined  structures  meet  with  like  atten- 
tion from  a  government  that  ought  to  care  for  them, 
or,  better  still,  from  the  awakened  public  spirit 
of  the  country  at  large !  This  regard  of  Scotsmen 
for  their  country,  manifested  in  various  ways,  is 
too  often  sneered  at  in  England,  and  stigmatised 
as  a  piece  of  disloyalty  or  wild  fanaticism  (parti- 


cularly if  it  should  take  the  form  of  saying  that 
the  terms  of  the  Union  have  not  been  observed), 
although  the  persons  who  do  so  forget,  or  possibly 
have  yet  to  learn,  that  such  feelings  of  nationality 
are  the  very  life-blood  of  national  honour  and  in- 
dependence in  all  countries,  and  ought  to  be  che- 
rished and  watchfully  fostered  by  statesmen,  not 
discouraged  and  neglected.  England  would  never 
have  become  the  great  power  she  is  if  she  had  not 
been  aided  and  seconded  by  her  proud,  high- 
spirited  sister,  Scotland,  in  building  up  the  now 
world-embracing  state  of  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land. In  all  reason,  therefore,  the  just  complaints 
lately  made  in  Scotland,  as  to  the  neglect  of  the 
fine  old  national  monuments  of  its  past  history, 
ought  to  meet  with  attention,  as  forming  part  and 
parcel  of  a  now  common  inheritance  of  glory. 

RHADAMANTHUS. 


KEPKINTS   OF   EARLY   BIBLES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  487.) 

Your  respected  correspondent,  the  REV.  R. 
HOOPER,  M.A.,  has  introduced  a  most  interesting 
question,  which  has  not  yet  been  satisfactorily 
resolved, — Which  is  the  first  edition  of  our  in- 
valuable and  justly  venerated  translation  of  the 
sacred  Scriptures?  In  1611  there  were  two,  if 
not  more,  editions  of  the  German  version  pub- 
lished by  the  King's  printer,  Robert  Barker.  And 
in  the  same  year  several  editions  of  the  authorised 
translation  for  the  Church  Service  in  royal  folio, 
issued  from  his  press ;  two  of  which,  Dr.  Cotton 
tells  us,  are  in  the  British  Museum.  Some  in- 
formation may  be  gleaned  from  a  rather  violent 
controversy  between  Thomas  Curtis  and  Rev.  E. 
Cardwell  in  1833.  No  discovery  has  been  made 
of  the  original  manuscript.  According  to  The 
London  Printers'  Lamentation,  4to.,  1660*,  this 
MS.,  attested  by  the  translators,  was  in  possession 
of  the  printers,  Bill  and  Barker,  March  6,  1655. 
It  does  not  appear  to  have  been  subsequently 
heard  of.  Many  copies  of  the  printed  editions, 
bearing  the  date  of  1611,  are  now  to  be  found  in 
our  public  libraries,  and  all  ought  to  be  carefully 
collated.  This,  with  the  history  of  the  translation, 
and  the  alterations  made  in  it  to  the  present  time, 
would  be  a  deeply  interesting  volume.  I  possess 
a  list  of  errata  found  in  collating  my  own  copy, 
which  is  a  remarkably  fine  one.  These  are  at  the 
service  of  any  gentleman  who  has  leisure  and 
desire  to  undertake  so  good  a  work. 

MR.  HOOPER  will  be  gratified  to  know  that  a 
collation  of  our  early  translations  was  published, 
accompanied  by  the  authorised  texts  from  the 
copy  bearing  the  date  of  1611.  This  was  accom- 

*  Reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany.  I  quote 
Dr.  Cotton's  List. 


12 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


plished  under  the  care  of  Bishop  Wilson  and  the 
Rev.  C.  Cruttwell  at  Bath,  in  1785.  It  forms 
three  handsome  volumes  in  royal  4to.,  and,  to  the 
disgrace  of  our  Bible-loving  community,  is  now 
selling  for  about  the  value  of  its  binding.  In  my 
collection  of  English  Bibles  are  more  than  forty 
editions  of  the  authorised  version  published  be- 
tween the  years  1611  and  1640.  GEORGE  OFFOR. 
Hackney. 

In  answer  to  MR.  HOOPER'S  inquiry,  whether 
any  copy  of  the  great  folio,  1613,  is  to  be  found 
which  is  not  defective  in  some  sheets,  I  may  in- 
form him  that  I  possess  a  folio  black-letter  by 
Robert  Barker.  The  title,  &c.  is  wanting ;  and 
it  commences  with  the  text,  which  is  however 
perfect,  with  the  exception  of  the  last  page  in 
Revelations.  It  has  the  mistake  "Emorite"  in 
Gen.  x.  16.,  which  marks  the  earlier  edition  of 
1611  (a  mistake  not  corrected  for  a  considerable 
time,  as  is  evident  in  a  4to.  of  1630  which  I  have), 
though  it  does  not  exhibit  the  repetition  in  Exodus 
xiv.  9.  to  be  found  in  that  edition.  It  is  beauti- 
fully clean  throughout,  and  would  by  no  means 
excite  such  pious  reflections  as  MR.  HOOPER'S 
more  venerable  though  not  more  ancient  copy. 

I  must  conclude  this  note  with  a  Query  about 
this  same  Bible.  In  the  title  of  "  Newe  Testa- 
ment" it  purports  to  be  "  ^[  Imprinted  at  London 
by  Robert  Barker,  Printer  to  the  King's  most 
excellent  Maiestie,  Anno  Dom.  1513." 

The  date,  1513,  is  a  strange  misprint,  no  doubt 
intended  for  1613,  as  is  evident  from  other  con- 
siderations. I  have  not  been  able  to  discover  any 
notice  of  so  important  an  error,  and  I  would 
therefore  wish  to  ask  whether  it  is  known  to  col- 
lectors ?  and  if  so,  where  any  copies  are  to  be  seen 
which  exhibit  it  ?  J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 


BOOKS  BURNT  BY  THE  HANGMAN. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  425.) 

In  turning  over  Evelyn's  Diary  (edit.  1854), 
I  have  met  with  a  few  examples  of  book-burning, 
which  I  beg  to  contribute  to  the  list  you  are 
forming. 

"  16th  May,  1661.  The  Scotch  Covenant  was 
burnt  by  the  common  hangman  in  divers  places  in 
London.  Oh  prodigious  change !  "  exclaims  the 
diarist,  vol.  i.  p.  352.  The  curious  will  find  a  pic- 
torial representation  of  the  committal  of  the  Co- 
venant to  the  flames  in  a  little  volume  entitled 
The  Phoenix  (in  allusion  to  the  futility  of  attempt- 
ing to  put  down  a  national  movement  by  such 
means),  "  Edinburgh,  printed  in  the  year  of  Co- 
venant-breaking." 

"  17th  June,  1685.  The  Duke  (Monmouth)  landed 
with  but  150  men;  but  the  whole  kingdom  was 


alarmed,  fearing  that  the  disaffected  would  join  them, 
many  of  the  train-bands  nocking  to  him.  At  his 
landing  he  published  a  Declaration,  charging  his 
majesty  with  usurpation  and  several  horrid  crimes,  on 
pretence  of  his  own  title,  and  offering  to  call  a  free 
parliament.  This  Declaration  was  ordered  to  be 
burnt  by  the  hangman,  the  Duke  proclaimed  a  traitor, 
and  a  reward  of  50001.  to  any  who  should  kill  him." 
—  Vol.  ii.  p.  225. 

"5th  May,  1686.  This  day  was  burnt  at  the  Old 
Exchange  by  the  common  hangman,  a  translation  of  a 
book  written  by  the  famous  Mons.  Claude,  relating 
only  matters  of  fact  concerning  the  horrid  massacres 
and  barbarous  proceedings  of  the  French  king  against 
his  Protestant  subjects,  without  any  refutation  of  any 
facts  therein  ;  so  mighty  a  power  and  ascendant  here 
had  the  French  ambassador,  who  was  doubtless  in  great 
indignation  at  the  pious  and  truly  generous  charity  of 
all  the  nation  for  the  relief  of  those  miserable  sufferers 
who  came  over  for  shelter."  —  Vol.  ii.  p.  253. 

The  book  here  alluded  to  was,  I  presume,  an 
English  version  of  Les  Plaintes  des  Protestans 
cruettement  opprimez  dans  le  Royaume  de  France, 
Cologne,  Pierre  M"arteau,  1686,  in  which  the 
Minister  of  Charenton  gives  a  lively  picture  of  the 
excesses  committed  at  the  revocation  of  the  Edict 
of  Nantes. 

"1699 — 1700.  The  Scotch  book  about  Darien  was 
burnt  by  the  hangman  by  vote  of  parliament.  The 
volume  which  met  this  warm  reception  in  London  was 
An  Enquiry  into  the  Causes  of  the  Miscarriage  of  the 
Scots  Colony  at  Darien;  or,  an  Answer  to  a  Libel  en- 
titled A  Defence  of  the  Scots  abdicating  Darien.  See 
Votes  of  the  Commons,  15th  January,  1699-1700."  — 
Vol.  ii.  p.  357. 

The  above-named  book  (Glasgow,  1700)  was,  I 
think,  a  reply  to  that  written  by  Herostratus, 
Junior,  alias  Harris,  or  Herries  *,  and  no  doubt 
savoured  strongly  of  the  national  disgust  at  the 
treatment  the  Scots  had  met  with  from  William 
and  his  government  in  their  attempt  to  carry  out 
a  century  and  a  half  ago  a  favourite  colonial 
scheme  of  our  own  day  ! 


CLASSIC  AUTHORS  AND  THE  JEWS  (Vol.  ix.  passim)  : 

JEWS   AND   EGYPTIANS  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  34.). 

If  one  great  cause  of  error  has  been  wrong 
identification,  a  correct  discovery  of  the  same 

*  Although  no  one  will  say  there  was  a  want  of 
provocation  in  the  proceedings  of  the  Scots  in  regard 
to  this  publication,  it  is  but  just  to  remark  here  that 
they  lighted  the  first  fire  ;  for  Mr.  Burton,  speaking  of 
this  book  of  "  Walter  Herries,  Surgeon,"  observes  that 
it  was,  "  along  with  other  pamphlets  on  the  English 
side  of  the  question,  ordered  by  the  Scots  parliament 
to  be  burned,  as  '  blasphemous,  scandalous,  and  calum- 
nious.' "  —  Act.  Par.  10 — 211.  :  see  the  Darien  Papers, 
Edinburgh,  1849. 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


13 


individual  or  nation  under  different  names  will 
be  in  the  reconstruction  of  history  an  advance 
towards  truth.  By  the  Greeks  and  Romans  the 
Jews  were  confounded  with  neighbouring  nations. 
Thus  Strabo  (lib.  xvi.)  considers  Syrian  Palestine 
as  the  same  country  as  Judaea ;  Diodorus  Siculus 
(lib.  ii.  c.  i.)  makes  Ascalon,  a  Jewish  city,  to  be 
a  city  in  Syria ;  Justin  (lib.'xxxvi.)  supposes  the 
Jews  to  have  inhabited  Syria,  and  mistakes  Da- 
mascus for  their  capital.  "  Imperium  (inquit 
Justin,  lib.  i.)  Assyrii  qui  postea  Syri  dicti  sunt, 
trecentis  annis  tenuere."  (See  Selden  de  Diis 
Syris,  Proleg.)  Consequently  they  were  con- 
founded with  the  Syrians  and  Assyrians.  Thus 
Ovid  makes  the  Euphrates  to  be  a  river  in  Pa- 
lestine : 

"  Venit  ad  Euphratem  comitata  Cupidine  parvo; 
Inque  Palaestinae  margine  sedit  aquas." 

Fasti,  lib.  ii.  v.  463. 

They  were  confounded  with  the  Chaldaeans,  as 
in  the  oracle  adduced  by  Justin  Martyr  : 

"  Soli  Chaldasi  sapientiam  sortiti  sunt,  et  Hebrzei  per 
se  genitum  regem  colentes  Deum  ipsurn." — Walton's 
Proley.,  xii.  2. 

When  Pausanias  states  that  Plato  and  the  Greeks 
derived  the  doctrine  of  the  immortality  of  the 
soul  from  the  Chaldasans,  it  is  not  improbable  that 
he  intended  the  Hebrews.  It  is  certain  that  there 
were  multitudes  of  Jews  in  all  countries,  who, 
being  subject  to  and  living  amongst  the  Chaldseans, 
Egyptians,  &c.,  might  easily  have  been  taken  for 
the  people  of  the  country  they  inhabited.  Some 
writers  have  maintained  (v.  Dickinson's  Delphi 
Phoenicizantes,  and  Bochart's  Canaan)  that  the 
colony  of  Phoenicians  led  by  Cadmus  into  Greece 
were  Canaanites,  of  the  race  of  the  Cadmonites, 
who  inhabited  Mount  Hermon,  and  were  so  called 
from  that  mountain's  lying  in  the  most  eastern 
part  of  that  country,  Cadmonim  signifying  the 
same  as  easterns ;  and  have  conjectured  that 
amongst  them  there  was  a  large  number  of  Jews. 
Phoenicia  and  Palestine  were  both  of  them  part  of 
Syria  :  see  Pliny's  Nat.  Hist.,  b.  v.  c.  12.  Canaan 
and  Phoenicia  are  used  indiscriminately  in  the 
Septuagint.  Chserilus,  in  Euseb.  Prcep.  Evang., 
lib.  in.  c.  ix.,  speaking  of  the  Jews  in  Xerxes' 
army,  says  : 

"T\a>ff(rav  fjifv  $oiviGffa.v  OTTO  aTofw/T<av  cuptevrfs." 

"  Trajicit  inde  hominum  genus  admirabile  visu. 
Phcenicum  similis  grandi  sonat  ore  loquela, 
Montibus  in  Solymis  habitant,  juxtaque  paludem  * 
Immensam  :  altonsum  squallens  caput  obsidet  horror. 
Progaleis  derepta  ab  equis,  durataque  fumo 
Ora  ferunt." 

And  Plato,  as  Serranus  has  observed,  mentions 
the  Jews  by  the  name  of  Phoenicians.  Strabo 

*  Asphaltis  palus. 


places  Mount  Cassius  and  Rhinocorura,  which 
were  both  in  the  confines  of  Palestine,  in  Phoe- 
nicia. Stephanus  Byzantius  calls  Phoenicia  XVo, 
and  the  Phoenicians  Xvaoi.  From  Bceotia  a  colony 
of  these  Cadmonites  went  to  Peloponnesus,  where 
they  built  Lacedaemon,  which  gave  occasion  to  the 
Lacedsemonians  claiming  kindred  with  the  Jews. 

Bochart  farther  shows  that  the  inhabitants  of 
the  island  of  Crete,  who  colonised  many  of  the 
islands  in  the  JEgean  Sea,  originally  emigrated 
from  Palestine,  the  sea-coast  of  which  was  called 
Creth,  and  the  inhabitants  Crethim  or  Crethi. 

In  reference  to  MR.  WARDEN'S  conjecture,  that 
the  early  colonisers  of  some  of  the  Grecian  states 
were  Jews,  not  Egyptians,  I  beg  to  remark  that 
Sir  Isaac  Newton,  in  his  Chronology  of  Ancient 
Kingdoms  Amended,  condemned  the  opinion  of 
Manetho,  that  the  shepherd  kings  expelled  from 
Egypt,  and  who  emigrated  into  Greece,  were  the 
Israelites  under  Moses.  It  is  irreconcileable  with 
the  universal  belief  that  the  rites  and  customs 
imported  into  Greece  were  identical  with  those  of 
Egypt,  as  has  been  shown  at  large  by  Bryant  in 
his  Observations  upon  the  Plagues  inflicted  upon 
the  Egyptians,  8fc.  See  also  Warburton's  Divine 
Legation,  b.  iv.  s.  v.  BIBLIOTHECAR.  CHETHAM. 


CORONATION    CUSTOM. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  453.) 

The  consent  of  the  people  to  the  assumption  of 
the  crown  was  changed  into  a  dutiful  recognition 
by  Cranmer  under  King  Edward  VI.  The  former 
seems  to  have  been,  until  that  time,  the  constant 
practice.  Tindal  (speaking  of  its  use  at  the  coro- 
nation of  Richard  II.)  says  : 

"  This  ceremony,  though  not  mentioned  in  any  of 
our  historians,  was  no  innovation  ;  but  seems  to  be  a 
remainder  of  the  old  English  custom  of  electing  the 
king,  as  may  be  observed  by  comparing  the  manner  of 
the  coronation  and  election  of  King  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor and  William  I.  with  this  action,  and  which  has 
been  observed  ever  since." — Tyrrel,  vol.  iii.  p.  829. ; 
Walsinghain,  p.  195. 

Upon  the  alteration  to  the  present  form  (for 
which  see  2  Burnet,  App.  93,  and  Lingard's  Hist., 
reign  of  Edward  VI.),  Hallam,  in  his  Constitutional 
History,  vol.  i.  p.  37.  note,  remarks  : 

"  This  alteration  in  the  form  is  a  curious  proof  of 
the  solicitude  displayed  by  the  Tudors,  as  it  was  much 
more  by  the  next  family,  to  suppress  every  recollection 
that  could  make  their  sovereignty  appear  to  be  of 
popular  origin." 

Up  to  that  time  the  Church,  while  claiming  a 
divine  independence,  defended  popular  rights 
against  the  crown,  which  then  for  the  first  time 
asserted  a  supremacy  over  both.  Perhaps,  if 
Cranmer  and  the  Church  had  been  less  obsequious, 


14 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  244. 


some  of  our  princes  had  been  less  domineering. 
In  France  the  ancient  form  seems  to  have  been 
retained  at  least  down  to  the  reign  of  Louis  XV. 
On  the  occasion  of  his  coronation,  it  appears  that 
after  he  had  promised  to  the  archbishop  to  de- 
fend the  rights  of  the  Holy  Church  : 

"  The  people  were  asked  '  whether  they  accept  Louis 
.  .  .  for  their  king?'  And  after  their  consent  is 
given  in  a  respectful  silence,  the  archbishop  tenders 
the  king  the  oath  of  the  realm,  which  he  takes  aloud 
sitting  with  his  head  covered,  and  laying  his  hands 
upon  the  Gospel ;  and  after  this  oath  is  pronounced, 
the  king  kisses  the  Gospels."  —  Menin's  Description  of 
the  Coronation,  p.  138. 

Whatever  be  the  form  of  succeeding  to  a  throne, 
the  succession  must  (in  the  absence  of  an  oracle 
upon  earth)  be  by  the  consent  of  the  people ;  and  I 
believe  that  this  consent  is  asked  in  every  coro- 
nation ritual  except  our  own. 

Considering  the  fate  of  the  Stuarts,  we  may 
reflect  that  the  English  are  not  a  demonstrative 
people,  and  often  keep  their  deepest  thoughts  un- 
expressed. H.  P. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 


PHOTOGBAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Mr.  Long  on  an  easy  Calotype  Process. — In  compliance 
with  your  request  to  be  furnished  with  the  particulars 
of  my  manipulation  in  the  calotype  process,  I  beg  to 
ofier  the  following  as  possessing  many  advantages  over 
the  plans  as  usually  recommended.  Before  doing  so, 
however,  I  would  premise  what  are  the  conditions 
necessary  for  obtaining  an  impression  on  calotype  paper 
by  the  agency  of  solar  radiations.  The  surface  on 
which  we  receive  the  impression  is  iodide  of  silver, 
and  to  render  this  coating  sensitive  to  light  forms  the 
basis  of  the  various  manipulations.  If  we  precipitate 
iodide  of  silver  from  a  solution  of  the  nitrate  with  an 
excess  of  iodide  of  potassium,  and  spread  the  resulting 
powder  on  paper,  it  will  be  found  that  on  exposure  to 
light  no  effect  will  be  produced ;  but  if,  on  the  con- 
trary, the  iodide  of  silver  be  thrown  down  from  a 
solution  containing  an  excess  of  nitrate  of  silver,  a  dif- 
ferent coloured  paper  will  be  the  result,  and  on  repeat- 
ing the  experiment  of  exposure  to  light,  a  very  decided 
action  will  be  observable  on  the  precipitated  mass.  It 
first  becomes  light  brown,  and  then  gradually  deepen- 
ing in  colour,  it  assumes  a  dark  tinge,  verging  on 
black. 

We  have  here  evidently  two  distinct  compounds, 
one  sensitive  to  light,  and  the  other  perfectly  insensible 
to  that  influence.  Our  object,  therefore,  in  the  pre- 
paration of  the  paper,  is  to  coat  its  surface  witli  the 
sensitive  compound,  namely,  a  "  SUB-IODIDE  OF  SILVER," 
and  this  I  accomplish  in  the  manner  following : — 

Pin  the  paper  by  two  of  its  corners  to  a  soft  wood 
board,  and  by  means  of  a  glass  rod  spread  evenly  on  its 
surface  a  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium  of  the  strength 
of  20  grs.  of  the  salt  to  1  oz.  of  water ;  allow  this  to 
remain  for  the  space  of  two  minutes,  and  then  blot  off 


carefully  in  order  to  remove  the  superfluous  solution. 
When  the  paper  is  surface  dry,  repeat  the  operation 
with  the  aceto-nitrate  of  silver,  composed  as  follows  : — 
Nitrate  of  silver,  pure,  30  grs.  ;  glacial  acetic  acid, 
2  drachms  ;  water,  1  oz.  Let  this  rest  for  two  minutes, 
and  very  carefully  blot  off  as  before.  If  not  required 
for  immediate  use,  the  paper  thus  prepared  may  be 
suspended  to  dry,  or  it  may  be  immediately  placed  in 
the  dark  slide  to  await  the  exposure  in  the  camera. 

The  time  of  exposure  will  vary  from  two  minutes  to 
fifteen,  according  to  the  amount  of  light,  size  and  focus 
of  lens,  diameter  of  diaphragm,  and  the  nature  of  the 
object  operated  upon. 

On  removal  from  the  camera,  the  paper  is  to  be 
transferred  again  to  the  board,  and  its  surface  treated 
through  the  agency  of  the  glass  rod  with  a  saturated 
solution  of  gallic  acid,  taking  care  that  no  part  is  for  a 
moment  allowed  to  become  dry.  The  picture  will 
now  commence  to  unfold  itself  in  all  its  details,  and 
will  be  of  a  light  brown  colour.  When  the  whole  of 
the  picture  is  thus  far  developed,  a  few  drops  of  the 
aceto-nitrate  are  to  be  spread  as  quickly  as  possible 
over  it,  in  order  to  change  the  colour  from  brown  to 
black,  and  to  give  intensity  to  the  dark  parts  of  the 
impression. 

Care  must  be  taken  not  to  carry  the  development 
too  far,  otherwise  the  lights  of  the  picture  will  suffer, 
and  will  have  a  tendency  to  become  brown,  greatly 
impairing  the  distinctness  of  the  resulting  proof. 

The  fixing  of  the  negative  produced  as  above  is 
performed  by  immersion  in  a  bath  of  hyposulphite  of 
soda,  of  the  strength  of  4  oz.  of  the  crystals  to  one  pint 
of  water,  where  it  is  allowed  to  remain  until  the  whole 
of  the  yellow  colour  is  dispelled  from  the  light  parts. 
It  is  then  to  be  removed  to  abundance  of  water,  and 
soaked  for  two  hours  at  least,  in  order  to  remove  the 
adhering  hyposulphite.  After  carefully  drying,  the 
negative  may  be  waxed  in  the  ordinary  way,  and  will 
be  found  in  every  way  equal  to  those  obtained  by  a 
more  circuitous  mode  of  operation. 

It  will  no  doubt  be  noticed  that  the  proportion  of 
acetic  acid  is  very  high  in  the  aceto-nitrate,  but  the 
rationale  of  its  action  will  be  best  made  clear  by  de- 
tailing the  following  simple  experiments : — Precipitate, 
as  before  directed,  some  sub-iodide  of  silver  in  two  test 
tubes ;  let  one  of  the  tubes  be  now  exposed  to  the  action 
of  light,  and  the  other  carefully  excluded  from  its 
influence  ;  add  to  each  of  them  a  saturated  solution  of 
gallic  acid ;  it  will  be  found  that  both  precipitates  will 
become  darkened,  that  which  has  undergone  exposure 
attaining  the  darkest  hue,  the  difference  being  apparently 
only  one  of  intensity  ;  such,  however,  is  not  the  case,  as 
will  be  seen  by  adding  to  each  a  few  drops  of  glacial 
acetic  acid  :  in  the  one  that  has  been  exposed,  no  change 
will  take  place ;  while,  in  the  other,  the  whole  of  the 
darkness  will^disappear,  and  leave  the  precipitate  of  as 
pure  a  colour  as  before  the  treatment  with  gallic  acid. 

We  therefore  infer  that  the  object  of  the  large  dose 
of  acetic  acid  in  the  sensitive  solution  is  beneficial  in 
preserving  the  light  parts  of  the  picture,  that  is  to  say, 
to  take  up  the  oxide  of  silver  as  soon  as  it  is  precipitated 
by  the  action  of  the  gallic  acid  on  the  light  unexposed 
parts  of  the  negative. 

I  must  apologise  for  thus  trespassing  on  your  valu- 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


able  space,  but  it  appears  to  me  that  more  success  is 
likely  to  attend  the  labours  of  junior  photographers, 
when  in  possession  of  the  rationale  of  any  particular 
process,  than  when  blindly  following  details  of  mani- 
pulation and  using  formulas  of  which  they  know  not 
the  behaviour  and  peculiarities.  CHAS.  A.  LONG. 

153.  Fleet  Street. 

Mr.  Fox  Talbofs  Patents.  —  A  Special  General 
Meeting  of  the  Photographic  Society  is  to  be  held  on 
Thursday  next  to  receive  a  report  from  the  Council 
respecting  the  intention  of  Mr.  Fox  Talbot,  in  refer- 
ence to  the  renewal  of  his  patents.  We  understand 
that  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Reade,  from  whose  letter  in  the 
Philosophical  Magazine  we  published  an  extract  in  our 
Number  for  June  3,  p.  524.,  showing  that  "  the  use  of 
gallate  of  silver  as  a  photogenic  agent  had  been  made 
public  in  two  lectures  by  Mr.  Brayley,  at  least  two 
years  before  Mr.  Talbot's  patent  was  sealed,"  is  about 
to  publish  a  second  letter  on  the  subject.  Any  com- 
munication from  a  gentleman  of  the  position  and  scien- 
tific attainments  of  Mr.  Reade,  will  be  looked  for 
with  great  interest  at  the  present  moment. 

Photographic  Paper.  —  You  sometime  since  held  out 
to  photographers  the  hopes  of  their  being  supplied 
with  that  great  desideratum,  a  paper  on  which  they 
could  rely.  From  your  continued  silence,  I  begin  to 
fear  that  you  have  been  disappointed  in  your  expecta- 
tion. Is  this  so  ?  Juv. 

[We  certainly  have  not  yet  received  the  specimens  of 
paper  to  which  we  referred,  but  we  have  no  reason  to 
doubt  that  they  will  shortly  be  ready. — ED.  "  N.&  Q,."] 

Substitute  for  Pins.  —  Having  been  induced  by  a 
correspondent  of  the  Photographic  Journal  to  try,  as  a 
cheap  and  useful  substitute  for  pins  for  the  purpose  of 
suspending  iodized  and  other  papers  to  dry,  a  little 
article  known  as  Smith's  Patent  Spring  Clothes  Pins, 
and  having  found  them  answer  the  purpose  most  ad- 
mirably, I  think  I  am  doing  good  service  in  calling 
the  attention  of  my  brother  photographers  to  their 
utility.  They  may  be  purchased  of  the  principal  oil 
and  colour  men  at  Is.  per  dozen,  or  10*.  per  gross.  X. 


to  $3in0r  CEtuertatf. 

Medal  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  399.).  —  The  medal  in- 
quired after  by  OLBBUCK  was  struck  upon  the 
Peace  of  Utrecht.  I  think  there  must  be  some 
mistake  about  its  having  been  presented  to  any 
one  by  either  of  our  universities ;  but  as  it  is  not 
quite  impossible,  I  should  be  glad  to  have  some 
evidence  of  the  fact.  Possibly  an  examination  of 
the  records  of  Oxford  or  Cambridge  might  show- 
that  a  medal  was  presented  to  the  writer  of  the 
best  copy  of  verses  upon  the  Peace  of  Utrecht. 

E.H. 

Ralph  Bosvile  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  467.)-— Y.  S.  M. 
will  find  a  good  pedigree  of  Bosvile  in  Hunter's 


South  Yorkshire,  vol.  ii.  p.  345.,  from  which,  and 
the  subsequent  pages,  he  may  obtain  some  inform- 
ation that  may  probably  assist  him  in  his  inquiries. 
The  same  valuable  work  contains  various  other 
notices  of  the  family  of  Bosvile.  C.  J. 

Humming  Ale  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  245.). — Hum,  in 
the  slang  of  the  fraternity  of  beggars,  means 
strong  liquor.  See  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Beggars'  Bush,  Act  II.  Sc.  1. 

"  Prigg.  A  very  tyrant,  I,  an  arrant  tyrant, 
If  e'er  I  come  to  reign — therefore  look  to  it. 
Except  you  provide  me  hum  enough." 

"  HUMMER,  v.  To  begin  to  neigh,  according  to 
Ray  and  Grose ;  but  in  our  use,  it  means  the  gentle 
and  pleasing  sound  which  a  horse  utters  when  he 
hears  the  corn  shaken  in  the  sieve,  or  when  he  per- 
ceives the  approach  of  his  companion,  or  groom." — See 
Forby's  Vocab.  of  East  Anglia. 

If  porter  is  skilfully  poured  into  a  tankard,  a 
fine  head  or  crown  of  froth  is  formed,  which  in 
subsiding  gives  a  sound  which  may  be  called  a. 
humming  sound;  or  the  epithet  humming  may 
signify  the  pleasing  sound  which  stout  liquor 
makes  in  the  act  of  being  poured  out,  or  it  may 
express  the  effect  it  produces  upon  the  drinkers, 
making  them  hum  under  its  kindly  influence. 
May  not,  however,  humming  be  a  corruption  of 
foaming  ?  It  doubtless  expresses  the  praise  or 
admiration  of  the  lovers  of  stout  liquor. 

It  may  be  illustrated  by  Burns'  poem,  "  Scotch. 
Drink :" 

"  O  thou,  my  Muse  1  guid  auld  Scotch  drink  : 
Whether  thro'  wimpling  worms  thou  jink, 
Or,  richly  brown,  ream  o'er  the  brink, 

In  glorious  faem." 
Again : 

"  O  rare  !  to  see  thee  fizz  an'  freath 
I'  th'  luggit  caup  !" 
Burns'  Poems,  8vo.,  vol.  iii.  pp.  13.  15. 

Who  does  not  hear,  as  well  as  see,  "  guid  auld 
Scotch  drink"  in  this  poem,  "ream  and  fizz  and 
freath?" 

When  mine  host  of  the  Garter  had  agreed  to 
take  Bardolph  as  a  tapster,  to  draw  and  tap,  he 
says  to  him  :  "  Let  me  see  thee  froth  and  lime," 
(Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  Act  I.  Sc.  3.). 

Might  not  a  pot  of  double  beer  frothed  by  "  the 
withered  serving  man,"  transformed  into  "  the 
fresh  tapster,"  have  been  in  the  ears  of  mine 
host's  customers  stout  humming  liquor  f 

For  instances  of  the  use  of  the  word  humming, 
see  Dr.  Pope's  Wish  — 

"  With  a  pudding  on  Sunday,  and  stout  humming  liquor, 
And  remnants  of  Latin  to  welcome  the  vicar." 

Major  Dalgetty  devoutly  wishes  the  prison 
water  were  "  Khenish  wine,"  or  "  humming  Lubeck 
beer"  (Legend  of  Montrose).  F.  W.  J. 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


Heiress  of  Haddon  Hall  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  452,). — 
The  following  is,  I  believe,  a  correct  statement  of 
the  contents  of  the  vault  at  Bakewell  Church, 
which  contains  the  remains  of  this  lady  and  her 
family,  as  the  same  were  found  by  workmen  em- 
ployed on  the  restoration  of  the  church. 

On  the  morning  of  the  6th  October,  1841,  the 
workmen  commenced  the  excavation  on  the  site 
of  the  monument  of  Sir  John  Manners  and  Do- 
rothy Vernon  his  wife,  at  the  south-east  corner  of 
the  Newark  Chapel.  Before  the  excavation  had 
sunk  a  foot,  the  bones  of  a  young  person,  "  sup- 
posed to  have  been  a  son  of  the  couple  above- 
named,"  were  found  without  any  coffin,  or  the 
trace  of  one.  The  next  disclosures  were  of  traces 
of  wooden  coffins,  surrounding  the  remains  of  two 
full-grown  persons  ;  believed,  from  the  situation 
under  the  monument,  to  be  those  of  the  celebrated 
Sir  John  Manners,  and  the  far-famed  Dorothy 
Vernon.  The  head  of  the  female  was  still  covered 
with  hair,  extremely  friable ;  and  in  it  were  six 
brass  pins,  almost  exactly  resembling  those  now 
in  use,  except  that  the  pointing  was  more  perfect. 
The  workmen  now  dug  northward,  and  presently 
discovered  a  circular  jar,  glazed  inside,  contain- 
ing lime  and  a  small  quantity  of  ashes,  probably 
the  viscera  of  some  one  who  had  been  embowelled 
previous  to  interment.  Passing  by  the  lead  coffin 
of  an  infant,  and  those  of  two  children,  the  exca- 
vators next  raised  three  skeletons ;  which,  from 
their  situations  under  the  tomb,  were  believed  to 
be  the  remains  of  "  The  King  of  the  Peak,"  Sir 
George  Vernon,  and  his  two  wives :  were  like- 
wise found  the  reliquiae,  supposed  to  be  of  the 
members  of  the  Vernon  family :  the  cranium  of 
the  first-mentioned,  supposed  to  be  the  head  of 
Sir  George  Vernon,  was  described  as  "  magnifi- 
cent." On  approaching  the  fine  monument  of 
Sir  George  Manners  and  his  family,  a  large  lead 
coffin  was  found  ;  the  lid  of  which,  from  the  head 
to  the  breast,  the  excavators  were  surprised  to 
find  had  been  ripped  off,  as  with  the  sexton's 
spade  rather  than  the  plumber's  knife ;  but,  on 
examining  the  bones,  it  was  evident  that  not  only 
had  the  body  been  withdrawn,  and  afterwards 
crammed  hastily  into  the  coffin  again,  but  that  the 
skull  had  been  sawn  through  the  cross  direction 
of  its  vertical  axis,  probably  from  some  purpose 
of  clandestine  surgical  examination.  This  head 
might  have  been  that  of  the  wife  or  daughter  of 
Sir  George  Manners. 

Dice  were  not  found  in  the  coffins. 

FRA.  MEWBUKN. 

Darlington. 

Barretts  Regiment  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  544.).  —  I  am 
much  obliged  to  G.  L.  S.  for  his  information  in 
answer  to  my  inquiry.  I  had  arrived  at  the  same 
conclusion,  that  Colonel  Rich  was  the  "  Old 
Scourge  "  of  Barrell's  regiment ;  but  I  was  unwil- 


ling to  fix  upon  him  that  unenviable  title  without 
some  facts  of  severity  to  confirm  my  conclusion. 
I  believe  the  date  of  my  print  to  be  1747,  because 
I  find,  what  G.  L.  S.  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
aware  of,  that  the  4th  regiment,  or  Barrell's,  was 
moved  to  Edinburgh  after  the  battle  of  Cullodeu, 
and  from  thence  to  Stirling  in  Sept.  1747.  Co- 
lonel Rich  was  severely  wounded  at  Culloden, 
and  his  return  to  his  regiment  was  after  his  re- 
covery from  his  wounds.  E.  H. 

Sir  Robert  Rich,  Bart.,  was  removed  in  May, 
1  756,  from  the  colonelcy  of  this  regiment,  in  con- 
sequence of  being  appointed  Governor  of  London- 
derry, which  he  retained  until  September  3,  1774, 
when  he  was  dismissed  from  the  army,  and  de- 
prived of  all  military  rank  and  emoluments.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  refer  to  the  history  of  that 
period,  and  state  why  he  was  dismissed  ?  I  have 
searched  the  Annual  Register  for  1774,  and  various 
biographical  dictionaries,  in  vain  for  an  account 
of  him.  A  son  of  his  was  born  December  24, 
1774,  but  he  appears  to  have  predeceased  Sir 
Robert,  as  the  property  and  title  came  into  the 
present  family  of  Rich  (ne  Bostock)  by  the  mar- 
riage, January  4,  1784,  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Bos- 
tock with  Mary  Frances,  only  daughter  and 
heiress  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Robert  Rich,  Bart.,  of 
Rose  Hall,  Suffolk.  JDVEBNA. 

Aska  or  Asca  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  488.).  —  I  beg  to 
forward  the  derivation  and  signification  of  the 
Gothic  suffix  iska,  the  English  ish,  and  the 
Saxon  isk;  the  Latin  icu,  as  amicus,  ac,  as  vorac; 
Greek  iko,  as  polemikos;  German  isch,  &c.,  with 
reference  to  p.  489. 

The  Sanscrit  root  of  these  suffixes  is  cjf,  ka, 

identical  with  the  base  of  the  interrogative  pro- 
noun ka,  who?  which?  It  becomes  in  Sanscrit 
aha,  ika,  and  uka,  and  forms  adjectives  and  nouns 


of  agency.     Thus,  Sanscrit  TJ^T,  sush,  to  be  dry, 

siccari,  becomes  sush-ka,  the  adjective  dry,  having 
the  property  or  belonging  to  dry.  The  synonyme 
in  Latin  is  sic-cus,  id.  ;  in  Zend,  hush-ka,  id.  ;  in 
Sanscrit,  Madraka,  belonging  to,  a  native  of 
Madras;  English,  a  Madrasee  ;  Parsika,  a  Par- 
see  ;  in  Latin  loquacs,  loquax  ;  English  loqua- 
cious, having  the  property  of  speech^  in  Greek 
QOIVLKOS,  Phoenician,  noA.e/zi;cos,  belonging  to  war  ; 
in  Lithuanian  degikas,  an  incendiary,  from  degu,  I 
burn  ;  in  Gothic  from  funins,  of  the  fire,  funiskas, 
fiery  ;  larnis,  of  a  child,  barniskas,  childish  ;  old 
Prussian,  arwis,  true,  ariviskas,  veracious,  verax; 
Sclavonic,  more,  the  sea,  mare,  morskyi,  marine  ; 
in  new  High  German  from  sterne,  a  star,  sternig, 
starry  ;  German,  Franzosisch,  Brittisch  ;  English, 
whitish,  British.  All  these  suffixes  have  this  mean- 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


ing,  —  having  the  property  of ;  belonging  to. 
(Extract  from  Bellott's  unpublished  Sanscrit  De- 
rivations of  English.) 

The  ci  in  tenacious,  loquacious,  tenacity,  and 
loquacity  is  from  the  Sanscrit  ka. 

T.  BEIXOTT,  R.N. 

10.  Upper  Byrom  St.,  Manchester. 

"Peter  Wilkins"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  543.).— Leigh  Hunt 
devotes  one  of  the  papers  (No.  31.)  of  his  Seer  to 
a  notice  of  this  quaint,  imaginative  work.  It 
seems  to  be  a  great  favourite  of  his,  and  he  says 
that  Southey  has  somewhere  recorded  his  own 
admiration  of  it.  The  authorship  he  then  was  in- 
clined to  ascribe  to  Abraham  Tucker  or  Bishop 
Berkeley,  leaning,  however,  to  the  latter,  and  not 
without  reason,  for  there  is  much  to  remind  us 
of  the  author  of  Oaudentio  di  Lucca.  In  a  later 
work,  however,  replete  with  most  delicious  gossip, 
and  instinct  with  that  keen  sympathy  with  genius 
which  has  led  its  author  instinctively  to  track  and 
describe  its  homes,  the  same  writer  has  given  more 
definite  information  on  this  subject,  from  what 
source  obtained  we  are  not  told. 

"  There  are  three  things  to  notice  in  Clifford's  Inn," 
says  he,  "  its  little  bit  of  turf  and  trees ;  its  quiet ;  and 
its  having  been  the  residence  of  Robert  Pultock, 
author  of  the  curious  narrative  of  Peter  Wilkins,  with 
its  flying  women.  Who  he  was  is  not  known ;  pro- 
bably a  barrister  without  practice ;  but  he  wrote  an 
amiable  and  interesting  work."  —  The  Town,  vol.  i. 
p.  157. 

Peter  Wilkins  and  his  winged  women  may  pro- 
bably have  suggested  another  curious  12mo. : 

"  The  Voyages  and  Discoveries  of  Crusoe  Richard 
Davis,  the  Son  of  a  Clergyman  in  Cumberland,  whose 
life  exhibits  more  remarkable  incidents  than  the  ex- 
istence of  any  human  being  in  the  known  world  has 
hitherto  afforded ;  among  which  are  .  .  .his  dis- 
covery of  a  floating  island  ;  where  among  various  re- 
searches he  discovered  and  caught  a  Wild  Feathered 
Woman,  with  whom  he  lived  and  taught  the  English 
language  .  .  .  and  arrives  at  last  safe  with  MARY  in 
England ;  where  he  now  lives  a  prodigy  of  the  present 
age."  London,  printed  by  S.  Fisher,  1803,  pp.  72. 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

Rev.  John  Lewis  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  397.).  —  He  was 
curate  of  Tetbury  (not  Tilbury),  and  a  member 
of  the  clerical  society  meeting  at  Melksham,  so 
that  he  wrote  from  personal  knowledge :  it  is  the 
printer's  mistake.  E.  D. 

Eden  Family  (Vol.ix.,  p.  553.).  — I  am  "greatly 
obliged  to  E.  H.  A.  for  his  reply  to  my  Query 
respecting  the  Rev.  Robert  Eden ;  and  I  sub- 
scribe this  with  my  name  and  address  at  length, 
in  hopes  that  E.  H.  A.  will  communicate  to  me 
farther  particulars,  as  he  kindly  offers,  since  I  am 


anxious  to  obtain  the  full  pedigree  of  the  Eden 
family,  from  which  I  am  lineally  descended  through 
the  parties  he  mentions  in  his  reply. 

ROBERT  EDEN  COLE. 
University  College,  Oxford. 

Kutchakutchoo  (Vol.ix.,  p.  304.). — This  amuse- 
ment was  fashionable  about  sixty  years  ago  ;  and 
those  who  remember  the  low  dresses  then  worn 
by  ladies  will  join  in  reprobating  its  gross  in- 
decency. The  following  extracts  are  from  a  satire 
called  Cutchacutchoo,  or  the  jostling  of  the  Inno- 
cents, 2nd  edit.,  Dublin,  no  date  :  query,  if  sold  ? 

"  Games  and  the  mighty  She's  I  sing, 
Who  tightly  tie  the  plumping-string*, 
And,  stuff'd  with  stagnant  blood,  appear 
Like  geese  at  Michaelmas'  cheer. 

Now  huge  Clonmel  is  usher'd  in, 

Give  way,  ye  dames  of  bone  and  skin. 

Aspiring  pigmies,  do  ye  dare 

With  her  wide  wonders  to  compare? 

Or  hope  with  vain  attempt  to  match  her 

Mountain  sublimity  of  stature  ? 

Rival  those  cheeks  that  hundreds  cost  her, 

As  broad  and  red  as  cheese  of  Glo'ster  ? 

Calves  as  ye  are  (nay,  frogs  I  vow), 

To  strive  with  half  so  huge  a  cow. — 

Now  she  with  tone  tremendous  cries, 

'  Catchacutchoo  f         . 

Let  each  squat  down  upon  her  ham, 

Jump  like  a  goat,  puck  like  a  ram.' 

She  spoke,  and  heaved  a  hearty  damn. 

E.  D. 

The  children's  play  spoken  of  by  SELETJCUS  is  well 
known  in  this  country,  but  is  not  supposed  to  have 
any  connexion  with  the  Kutchin-kutcha  Indians. 
The  children  squat  down  (if  the  expression  may 
be  allowed),  the  girls  with  their  clothes  tucked 
between  their  knees ;  and  one  chases  the  others  in 
a  hopping  kind  of  motion,  the  feet  kept  together, 
crying,  "  Catch  you,  catch  you ;  catch  you,  catch 
you"  There  is  nothing  Indian  in  this.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Elstob  Family  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  553.).  —  Your  Num- 
ber of  June  10th  contains  a  Query  as  to  the 
Elstob  family.  I  am  not  able  to  answer  the 


"•'     '  1 
u  f 

unn."  f  J 


*  Plumpness  being  now  the  order  of  the  day,  these 
ladies  fasten  a  bobbin  round  the  arm  to  stop  the  circu- 
lation of  the  blood,  and  render  it  plump  and  ruddy. 

f  Cutchacutchoo.  The  performers  first  bend  them- 
selves into  a  posture  as  near  sitting  as  possible.  Thi« 
done,  and  their  petticoats  tucked  tightly  about  their 
limbs,  the  joyous  mortals  jump  about  in  a  circle  with 
an  agility  almost  incredible. 

j:  The  lowness  of  language  does  not  require  any 
apology.  "  Truth  is  preferable  to  poetry  ; "  and  the 
reader  is  assured  that  such  language  is  used  now,  for 
our  innocents  are  become  very  diligent  and  hearty 
swearers. 


18 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


Query,  but  would  merely  observe  that  a  former 
Number  of  "  N.  &  Q."  contains  a  Query  of  my 
own,  as  to  another  Elstob  family.  The  second 
wife  of  David  Mallet  was  a  Miss  Elstob,  a  daugh- 
ter of  a  steward  of  the  Earl  of  Carlisle ;  she  was 
married  to  the  poet  in  1742.  I  have  reason  to 
believe  that  this  Elstob  family  resided  near  New 
Malton.  After  much  search  and  inquiry,  how- 
ever, I  regret  that  I  can  obtain  no  information  on 
this  point  —  to  me  one  of  some  interest.  D. 

Leamington. 

Forensic  Jocularities  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  538.)  should 
read  thus : 

"  Mr.  Leech 

Made  a  speech, 
Impressive,  clear,  and  strong  ; 
Mr.  Hart, 
On  the  other  part, 
Was  tedious,  dull,  and  long. 
Mr.  Parker, 
Made  that  darker, 
Which  was  dark  enough  without ; 
Mr.  Bell, 
Spoke  so  well, 
The  Chancellor  said  —  I  doubt." 

O.B. 

Divining  Rod  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  350. 400. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  386.).  —  In  answer  to  the  complaint  of  J.  S. 
WARDEN,  that  former  correspondents  did  not  tell 
what  was  discovered  in  the  places  to  which  the 
rod  pointed,  I  am  enabled,  from  a  recent  con- 
versation with  Mr.  Dawson  Turner,  to  give  his 
positive  assurance  that  water  was  found  in  each 
place.  The  lady  was  Lady  Noel,  the  mother  of 
Lady  Byron.  The  experiment  took  place  at 
Worlingham,  where  the  lady  had  never  been 
before.  The  only  persons  present  were  Lady 
Noel,  Lord  Gosford,  Mr.  Sparrow,  and  Mr.  Daw- 
son  Turner.  So  far  from  there  having  been,  as 
J.  S.  WARDEN  surmises,  some  "  unconscious  em- 
ployment of  muscular  force,"  the  lady  showed 
Mr.  Dawson  Turner  her  thumbs  and  fingers 
much  reddened  and  sore  from  the  efforts  she  had 
made  to  keep  the  forked  stick  from  turning  down- 
wards. Water  was  found  in  every  place  to  which 
the  rod  in  her  hands  pointed ;  and  it  is  well  known 
that  the  water  at  Woolwich  was  also  found  by 
that  lady  in  the  same  manner.  F.  C.  H. 

George  Herlert  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  541.).  —  The  short 
poem  of  this  author,  entitled  Hope,  turns  evi- 
dently upon  matrimonial  speculation  ;  though  it 
may  well  serve  to  show  the  vanity  of  human  ex- 
pectation in  many  more  things.  The  watch  was 
given  apparently  to  remind  Hope  that  the  time 
for  the  wedding  was  fairly  come ;  but  Hope,  by 
returning  an  anchor,  intimated  that  the  petitioner 
must  hope  on  for  an  indefinite  time.  The  next 
present  of  a  prayer-book  was  a  broad  hint  that 
the  matrimonial  service  was  ardently  looked  for. 


The  optic  glass  given  in  return  showed  that  the 
lover  must  be  content  to  look  to  a  prospect  still 
distant.  It  was  natural  then  that  tears  of  disap- 
pointment should  flow,  and  be  sent  to  propitiate 
unfeeling  Hope.  Still  the  sender  was  mocked 
with  only  a  few  green  ears  of  corn,  which  might 
yet  be  blighted,  and  never  arrive  at  maturity. 
Well  might  the  poor  lover,  who  had  been  so  long 
expecting  a  ring  as  a  token  of  the  fulfilment  of 
his  anxious  wish,  resolve  in  his  despair  to  have 
done  with  Hope. 

After  writing  the  above,  the  thought  occurred 
to  me  that  the  poet's  ideas  might  be  so  expanded 
as  to  supply  at  once  the  answer  to  each  part  of 
the  enigma.  I  send  the  result  of  the  experiment. 

I  gave  to  Hope  a  watch  of  mine  ;  but  he, 

Regardless  of  my  just  and  plain  request, 
An  anchor,  as  a  warning  gave  to  me, 

That  on  futurity  I  still  must  rest. 
Then  an  old  prayer-book  I  did  present, 

Still  for  the  marriage  service  fit  to  use ; 
And  he  in  mockery  an  optic  sent, 

My  patience  yet-to  try  with  distant  views. 

With  that,  I  gave  a  phial  full  of  tears, 

My  wounded  spirit  could  no  more  endure  ; 

But  he  return'd  me  just  a  few  green  ears, 

Which  blight  might  soon  forbid  to  grow  mature. 

Ah,  loiterer !  I'll  no  more,  no  more  I'll  bring, 
Nor  trust  again  to  thy  deceiving  tale  ; 

I  did  expect  ere  now  the  nuptial  ring 

To  crown  my  hopes,  but  all  my  prospects  fail. 

F.  C.  H. 

French  Refugees  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  516.).  —  I  never 
heard  of  any  hospital  existing  in  Spitalfields  so 
lately  as  1789.  The  French  Hospital  in  Bath 
Street  was  founded  about  1716,  and  it  is  there 
that  J.  F.  F.  must  look  for  the  information  he 
wants.  I  have  some  curious  MS.  notes  of  re- 
fugees who  were  relieved  in  London  in  1686. 

J.  F.  F.  does  not  appear  to  have  seen  my  His- 
tory of  the  Foreign  Refugees,  Longman,  1846  ;  or 
Weiss's  Histoire  des  Refvgies  Protestants,  Paris, 
1853.  J-  ^  BURN. 

Double  Christian  Names  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  45.).  — 
The  earliest  instance  on  record  that  I  have  met 
with  is  that  of  John  James  Sandilands,  an  English 
Knight  of  Malta,  who,  in  July  1564,  was  accused 
of  having  stolen  a  chalice  from  the  altar  of  a 
church  called  St.  Antonio,  and  a  crucifix.  Ac- 
knowledging his  guilt,  he  lost  his  habit.  Vide 
manuscript  records  of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of 
Jerusalem.  W.  W. 

Malta. 

Garnet,  the  conspirator,  was  an  early  instance 
of  an  individual  bearing  two  Christian  names. 
His  portrait,  sold  at  Rome,  had  the  inscription, 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19 


"  Peter  Henricus  Garnettus,  Anglus,  Londini  pro 
fide  Catholica  suspensus  et  necatus,  3  Maii,  1606." 

Henry  Garnet,  or  Garnett,  was  born  circa 
1556,  and  was  the  son  of  a  person  of  no  very 
high  position,  that  of  a  country  schoolmaster  ;  and 
if  we  may  judge  from  the  fact  of  the  higher  orders 
being  generally  more  conspicuous  by  a  string  of 
names  than  those  beneath  them,  we  ought  cer- 
tainly to  find  earlier  and  more  numerous  instances 
among  persons  of  rank  than  have  yet  appeared  in 
the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  The  second  name  might, 
however^  have  appeared  at  his  confirmation  or 
canonisation. 

Query,  What  was  Garnett's  real  surname  and 
exact  birthplace  ?  FURVTJS. 

The  instance  referred  to  in  the  accompanying 
extract,  if  correct,  is  another  early  example  of 
double  Christian  names  : — 

"  Referring  to  Burke's  Baronetage,  Landed  Gentry, 
Dod's  Knightage  for  1854,  and  other  cognate  authori- 
ties, we  find  that  Sir  W.  G.  Ouseley  is  descended  from 
an  ancient  Shropshire  family,  who  settled  in  North- 
amptonshire in  1571,  the  then  head  of  the  family, 
Richard  Ouseley  Ouseley,  having  received  from  Queen 
Elizabeth,  under  whom  he  was  a  judge,  a  grant  of  the 
estate  of  Courteen  Hall,  in  that  county." — Hadfield's 
Brazil,  River  Plata,  and  Falkland  Islands,  p.  226. 

W.  DENTON. 

MR.  DENTON'S  instances  are  nothing  to  the 
purpose,  as  all  those  he  gives  are  obviously  double 
surnames,  not  double  Christian  names  ;  and  I  had 
expressly  excepted  the  royal  family.  The  custom 
was  introduced  undoubtedly  by  foreign  inter- 
marriages, whether  of  kings  or  subjects,  and  may 
be  traced  much  farther  back  in  France,  Germany, 
&c.  than  in  England.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

"  Cui  bono"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  76.). — To  assist  your 
correspondent  T.  R.  in  arriving  at  a  correct  inter- 
pretation of  the  above  phrase,  I  have  the  pleasure 
to  send  you  an  extract  from  a  tale,  entitled  Thou 
art  the  Man,  by  Edgar  A.  Poe,  the  American 
author,  which  perhaps  your  correspondent  may 
never  have  met  with.  It  is  as  follows  : 

"  And  here,  lest  I  be  misunderstood,  permit  me  to 
digress  for  one  moment  merely  to  observe,  that  the 
exceedingly  brief  and  simple  Latin  phrase,  which  I 
have  employed,  is  invariably  mistranslated  and  mis- 
conceived. '  Cui  bono,'  in  all  the  crack  novels  and 
elsewhere,  in  those  of  Mrs.  Gore  for  example  (the 
author  of  Cecil),  a  lady  who  quotes  all  tongues,  from 
the  Chaldasan  to  Chickasaw,  and  is  helped  to  her 
learning,  'as  needed,'  upon  a  systematic  plan,  by  Mr. 
Beckford  —  in  all  the  crack  novels,  I  say,  from  those 
of  Bulwer  and  Dickens  to  those  of  Turnapenny  and 
Ainsworth,  the  two  little  Latin  words,  cui  bono,  are 
rendered  '  to  what  purpose,'  or  (as  if  quo  bono),  '  to 
what  good.'  Their  true  meaning,  nevertheless,  is  '  for 
whose  advantage.'  Cui,  to  whom;  bono,  is  it  for  a 
benefit.  It  is  a  purely  legal  phrase,  and  applicable 


precisely  in  cases  such  as  we  have  now  under  con- 
sideration ;  where  the  probability  of  the  doer  of  a 
deed  hinges  upon  the  probability  of  the  benefit  ([ac- 
cruing to  this  individual  or  to  that  from  the  deed's 
accomplishment." 

S.  B. 


NOTES   ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

An  application  has  lately  been  addressed  by  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  to  the  Home  Secretary,  praying 
him  to  adopt  measures  for  securing  copies  of  the  sepul- 
chral inscriptions  in  the  graveyards  of  the  city  churches 
which  are  about  to  be  removed.  The  Memorialists 
state,  with  great  truth,  "  That  they  cannot  over-rate 
the  importance  of  these  records  as  evidences  of  title, 
and  in  the  tracing  of  pedigrees  ;  and  it  is  to  be  feared 
that,  if  they  are  destroyed,  not  only  a  great  amount  of 
valuable  evidence  will  be  lost,  but  facilities  will  be 
given  for  manufacturing  inscriptions  and  assumed  copies 
of  lost  stones,  and,  as  in  a  recent  peerage  case,  for  the 
actual  production  of  forged  stones."  Lord  Palmerston 
does  not  see  how  he  can  interfere.  The  Memorialists 
had  told  him  through  the  Registrar- General ;  and  we 
yet  hope  that,  either  through  that  officer,  or  the  autho- 
rities of  each  parish,  some  attempt  will  be  made  to 
effect  this  important  object. 

The  third  volume  of  Gibbon's  History  of  the  Decline 
and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  edited  by  Dr.  Smith, 
with  Notes  by  Dean  Milman  and  M.  Guizot,  forms  this 
month's  issue  of  Murray's  British  Classics. 

We  have  recorded  in  our  columns  (Vol.  iii.,  p.  136.) 
Coleridge's  high  opinion  of  Defoe's  wit,  humour,  and 
vigour  of  style  and  thought,  and  we  agree  in  his  esti- 
mate of  them.  We  are  therefore  glad  to  find  that  The 
Novels  and  Miscellaneous  Works  of  Daniel  Defoe  are  to 
form  a  portion  of  Bohn's  British  Classics.  The  first 
volume  has  just  been  issued,  and  includes  Captain 
Singleton  and  Colonel  Jack. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Memoir  of  the  Poet  Dr.  William 
Broome,  with  Selections  from  his  Works,  by  T.  W.  Bar- 
low ;  an  interesting  sketch  of  one  whom,  to  use  John- 
son's words,  "  Pope  chose  for  an  associate."  —  India, 
Pictorial,  Descriptive,  and  Historical.  This  new  vo- 
lume of  Bohn's  Illustrated  Library  consists  in  a  great 
measure  of  a  revised  and  enlarged  reprint  of  Miss 
Corner's  work,  with  nearly  one  hundred  woodcut 
illustrations.  —  A  Calendar  of  the  Contents  of  the  Red 
Book  of  the  Irish  Exchequer,  by  J.  F.  Ferguson,  Esq., 
reprinted  from  the  Proceedings  of  the  Kilkenny  Ar- 
chceological  Society,  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  the 
history  of  the  records  of  Ireland  by  a  valued  contri- 
butor of"  N.  &  Q.,"  who  has  done  so  much  for  those 
documents. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

MACCABE'S  CATHOLIC  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND.    Vol.  II. 

CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.     12mo.     1828. 

WORDSWORTH'S  GREECE.  1  Vol.  8vo.  Illustrated.  First  Edition. 


20 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  244. 


KEY  TO  BBATSON'S  GREEK  IAMBIC?. 
JAMBS'  COURT-MARTIAL. 

*»*  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to  be  sent  to  MR.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "  NOTES  AND 
QUERIES."  186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

THEOBALD'S  SHAKSPEARE  RESTORED.    4to.    1726. 
COOPER'S  PUBLIC  RECORDS.     Vol.  I.    8vo.     1832. 
M.  C.  H.  BROEMEL'S  FESTTANZEN  DER  ERSTEN  CHRISTEN.   Jena, 
1705. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  Esq.,  25.  Holywell  Street,  Mill- 
bank,  Westminster. 

THEODEBETI    OPERA    (Hate,    1769) :    Tom.  ii.    Pars  i.,    con- 
taining   Commentary   on   Isaiah,    Jeremiah,  &c.      Tom.   iii. 
Par*  i.,  containing  Commentary  on  St.  Paul's  Epistles. 
Wanted  by  Rev.  H.  D.  Millett,  Collegiate  School,  Leicester. 

THB  METROPOLITAN  MAGAZINE.  Nog.  I.  to  XXIII.,  LIL, 
LXX.  and  following. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  John  P.  SlUwell,  Dorking. 

PROLUSIONS*  POETICS.    Chester,  circa  1800. 

Wanted  by  Thomas  Hughes,  13.  Paradise  Row,  Chester. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  any  Works  of  Geo.  Abbott,  Abp.  of 
Canterbury,  and  Robt.  Abbott,  Bishop  of  Sarum. 

Wanted  by  John  Thos.  AblM,  Stamp  Office,  Darlington. 

GLASSFORD'S  EDITION  OF  BACON'S  NOVUM  ORGANON. 

Wanted  by  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Kitchin,  Ch.  Ch.,  Oxford. 

Gentlemen  having  Old  Books  in  their  possession  may  receive  by 
post  a  List  of  Books  wanted  by  Thomas  Kersla'ke,  3.  Park 
Street,  Bristol. 


ta 


We  shall  next  week  print  an  inedited  letter  from  GEORGE 
WASHINGTON,  the  first  President  of  the  United  States,  in  which 
he  enters  into  curious  and  minute  details  on  the  subject  of  his 
Family  History.  In  the  same  Number  we  shall  commence  a  Col- 
lection of  Notes  on  Manners  and  Costume  __  The  Index  to 
Volume  the  Ninth  will  be  ready  for  delivery  with  No.  246.  on 
Saturday,  July  15. 


J.  P.  STILWELL  will  find  some  illustration  of  "  Barnaby 
Bright  "  and  Bishop  Barnaby,  in  our  First  Volume,  p.  132. 

G.  The  entry  "  certified  "  in  Burial  Registers  no  doubt  refers 
to  the  certificates  that  the  parlies  were  buried  "  in  woollen,"  as 
required  by  the  Act  30  Car.  11.  c.  3.  and  32  Car.  II.  c.  1.  See 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  v.,  pp.  414.  542.,  and  Vol.  vi.,  pp.  58.  111. 

J.  G.  T.  The  sign  of  The  Cat  and  Fiddle  is  said  to  be  a  cor- 
ruption o/Le  Caton  Fidele. 

L.  The  Court  and  Character  of  King  James,  by  Sir  A.  W., 
was  written  by  Sir  Anthony  Weldon,  Clerk  of  the  King's  Kitchen. 
It  is  a  well-known  book. 

T.  A.  T.  A  more  complete  key  to  the  character}  in  Dibdin's 
Bibliomania  appears  in  our  Seventh  Volume,  p.  151. 

Mr.  Townshend's  Waxed-paper  Process.  This  has  teen  given 
at  length  in  the  last  Number  of  the  Photographic  Journal.  Our 
abstract  was  taken  from  the  Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  and 
we  regret  that  we  did  not  so  describe  it.  We  are  always  anxious 
to  acknowledge  the  source  of  whatever  appears  in  our  columns, 
and  take  this  opportunity  of  supplying  the  omission. 

H.  C.  C.  (Devizes).  The  appearance  in  your  negative  is  from 
perfect  negligence  .  Always  wash  your  picture  after  development 
before  placing  it  in  the  hypo.  bath.  Your  focus  is  not  good,  and 
your  church  is  all  tumbling  down  from  want  of  care  in  adjusting 


g 


H.  H.  (Glasgow).  The  appearance  is  from  small  particles  of 
air  intervening  between  your  albumen  and  paper  in  its  prepara- 
tion. You  must  use  more  care  in  putting  it  on  the  albumen. 
Take  it  by  the  right-hand  corner,  and  remove  it  so  that  you  do 
not  draw  it  along  the  surface  of  the  albumen,  which  causes  streaks. 
Avoid  making  bubbles  in  the  fluid,  which  are  very  detrimental  to 
success.  The  other  points  mentioned  in  your  letter  are  un- 
important. 

C.  W.  W.  (Leamington).  We  do  not  know  where  you  can 
procure  amber  varnish  properly  made.  The  expensive  at  first 
is  not  so  in  reality,  because,  from  its  extreme  fluidity,  a  very  small 
portion  covers  the  picture. 

W.  G.  Turner's  paper  is  certainly  the  most  certain.  Old 
Whatman's  is  invaluable. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday, 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  it  also  issued  in  Monthly  Parts,  for  the 
convenience  of  those  who  may  either  have  a  difficulty  in  procuring 
the  unstamped  weekly  Numbers,  or  prefer  receiving  it  monthly. 
H'hile  parties  resident  in  the  country  or  abroad,  who  may  be 
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the  stamped  edition  of"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  (including  a  very 
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pHRONICLES  OF  THE   AN-  :  PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 


\J  CIENT  BRITISH  CHURCH,  previous 
to  the  Arrival  of  St.  Augustine,  A.D.  596. 
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"A  work  of  great  utility  to  general  readers." 
—  Morning  Post. 

"  The  author  has  collected  with  much  in- 
dustry and  care  all  the  information  which  can 
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"  Not  unworthy  the  attention  of  our  clerical 
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Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
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ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
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fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  hearing 
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the  library,  boudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
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itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Ilosal, 
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Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler.  E.  J.  Loder.  W.  H. 
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Parry,H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault.  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Kodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright."  &c. 
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London  :  Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
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BENNETT'S       MODEL 

I  )  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GR  E  AT  EX- 
HIBITION.  No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIUE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
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guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  '-'uineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
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mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
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65.  CHKAPSIDE. 


JULY  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOHN'S  STANDARD  LIBRARY  TOR  JOLT. 

SUNGARY :      its     HISTORY 
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Stories  of  Apparitions,  Dreams,  Second  Sight, 
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COWPER'S      POETICAL 
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"  Kossuth  is  indeed  a  mighty  orator  ;  but  he 
is  a  greater  statesman.  His  speeches  illustrate 
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nations  ;  and  we  are  very  glad  that  they  have 
been  collected  and  arranged  by  so  worthy  an 
apostle  of  liberty  as  Francis  Newman."  — 
Western  Times. 

Also, 

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LWORD    TO    THE    WISE; 
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A 

of  E 
PA 

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THE  PRINCIPAL  PORTION  of  the  very 
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NER, Esq.,  extending  over  Eleven  Days' 
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MESSRS.  S.  LEIGH  SOTHEBY 
&  JOHN  WILKINSON,  Auctioneers 
ol  Literary  Property  and  Works  illustrative  of 
the  Fine  Arts,  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
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Residence,  Bottisham  Hall,  near  Newmarket. 
The  Library  comprises  a  very  fine  collection 
of  early  Classics  of  the  Fifteenth  Century  ;  Six 
Caxton's,  viz.  Chastysins  of  Goddes  Children, 
Reynard  the  Fox,  Cathon,  Jason,  and  a  superb 
copy  of  the  Golden  Legende,  wanting  only 
17  lines  ;  also  Boece,  wanting  only  two  leaves. 
Among  the  many  books  printed  by  Wynkyn 
de  Worde  is  a  beautiful  copy  of  Chaucer's 
Canterbury  Tales,  the  only  perfect  copy 
known  ;  several  extremely  fine,  early  and 
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of  1535,  folio,  wiih  the  Map,  supposed  to  be 
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tiful and  large  copy,  but  wanting  two  or  three 
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the  Liturgies  of  1519,  1552,  and  1559,  very  fine 
and  perfect  copies.  The  Library  is  also  rich 
in  early  inglish  theology,  history,  and  par- 
ticularly so  in  the  poetry  of  the  Elizabethan 
period,  including  many  of  the  rarest  volumes 
that  have  occurred  for  sale  in  the  Heber, 
Jolley,  Utterson,  and  other  collections.  Also 
the  first  four  folio  editions  of  the  Works  of 
Shakspeare,  the  copy  of  the  first  edition 
being  from  the  library  of  John  "Wilks,  Esq., 
the  finest  copy  ever  sold  by  public  auction. 
Am'injj  other  important  and  valuable  Works 
in  the  collection  may  be  mentioned  a  re- 
markably choice  and  very  complete  collection 
of  the  Works  of  De  Bry.  Early  Italian  poetry 
and  general  Italian  literature  form  a  feature 
of  the  collection,  many  of  them  being  first 
editions  and  of  considerable  rarity.  There  are 
also  many  other  valuable  books  in  general 
literature,  history,  and  topography  ;  including 
Prynn's  Records,  3  vols.  folio,  very  fine  copy, 
from  the  Stowe  Library  ;  ai  d  a  most  complete 
collection  of  Uearne's  Works,  on  large  paper. 

Catalogues  are  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
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phic Draughtsman  and  Missal  Painter, 
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Hackney,  having  received  permission  to  make 
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entrusted  to  him.  He  has  also  free  access  to 
his  Father's  well-known  valuable  Collection 
of  Bibles  and  Manuscripts,  from  which  he  has 
made  many  fac-similes. 

Autograph  and  other  Letters  accurately 
fac-similed  on  Stone  or  Paper.  Architectural 
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Missals,  and  various  kinds  of  Illuminated 
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ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS. 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bajr 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


WESTERN    LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
«.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directort. 


H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 


T.  Grissell.Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.Lethbndge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


W.Whateley,Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.  ; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.—  Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
tt»t.  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits:  . 


Age 
17  - 
22  - 
27- 


£  s.  d.  I 

-  1  14    4  I 

-  1  18    8  I 


Age 
32- 
37  - 
42  - 


£  t.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 
-388 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10*.  6rf..  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VKSTMENT  and  EMIGRATION:  beings 
TREATISK  on  BKNEFIT  BUILDING  8O- 
CIETIKS.  and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  <  ases  of 
Freehold  Laud  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
Sic.  With  a  Mathematical  Append!*  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  244. 


VYLO-IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used  at   all  the   Pho- 

_Z\_  tographic  Establishments.  —  The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
-warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTIOK.— Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS.  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  is.,  2s., 
and  3s.  6d.  each,  through  MESSES.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdon  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 
TOGRAPHS, by  the  most  eminent  En- 
glish   and   Continental    Artists,    is    OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.    Free  Admission. 
£  e.  d. 
A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot'«  Patent 

Process  -  -  -  -  -110 
Additional  Copies  (each)  -  -050 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size')  -  -  -  -  3  S  0 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(larger  size)     -          -          -          -550 

Miniatures.  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
Chalk  Drawings,'Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.  Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION", 
168.  New  Bond  Street. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 
ID DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

.L  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art. — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Rezistered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street  ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  lensth- 
ened  period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattamed  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street.  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


TITHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 

|f  PHIC  DEPOT:  DANIEL  M'MIL- 
LAN,  132.  Fleet  Street, London.  The  Cheapest 
House  in  Town  for  every  Description  of 
Photographic  Apparatus,  Materials,  and  Che- 
micals. 

***  Price  List  Free  on  Application. 


TO  PHOTOGRAPHERS,  DA- 
GUERREOTYPISTS,  &c.  —  Instanta- 
neous Collodion  (or  Collodio-Iodide  Silver). 
Solution  for  Iodizing  Collodion.  Pyrogallic, 
Gallic,  and  Glacial  Acetic  Acids,  and  every 
Pure  Chemical  required  in  the  Practice  of 
Photography,  prepared  by  WILLIAM  BOL- 
TON.  Operative  and  Photographic  Chemist, 
146.  Holborn  Bars.  Wholesale  Dealer  in  every 
kind  of  Photographic  Papers, Lenses,  Cameras, 
and  Apparatus,  and  Importer  of  French  and 
German  Lenses,  &c.  Catalogues  by  Post  on 
receipt  of  Two  Postage  Stamps.  Sets  of  Ap- 
paratus from  Three  Guineas. 

PHOTOGRAPHY.— Le  Gray's 

JL  New  Ecliton.  BELLOC'S  MANUAL 
and  COLLODION  are  to  be  had  at  ALEXIS 
GAUDIN'S  Wholesale  Photogranhical  Di'pOt, 
67.  Newgate  Street.  (E.  BENTHEIM,  Agent.) 


c 


OCOA-NUT    FIBRE    MAT- 

,  TING  and  MATS,  of  the  best  quality. 
—  The  Jury  of  Class  28,  Great  Exhibition, 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal  to  T.  TRELOAR, 
Cocoa-Nut  Fibre  Manufacturer,  42.  Ludgate 
Hill,  London. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

±\_  ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  Citr- 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  1 15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may- 
be procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLKS 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLEHS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  lie  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS  "  written  across  it. 


Patronised  by  tbe  Royal 
Family, 

TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 

BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  6rf. ;  double  size,  4s.  6<l.  ;  7s.  6d. 
equal  to  4  small;  11s.  to  6  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 
BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joint's  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  6d.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street : 
JACKSON.  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork :  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street;  PROfJT,  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street  ;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


nHUBB'S      FIRE-PROOF 

\J  SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  —  These  safes  are 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire. 
Chubb's  locks,  with  all  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  C9m- 
plete  lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  Hi.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  :  and  published  by  GKORHE  BELL,  of  No.  188.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid..-  Saturday,  July  1.  1851. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTERCOMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


"  Wben  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  245.] 


SATURDAY,  JULY  8.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 
(  Stamped  Edition,  £ 


CONTENTS. 

:NOTES:-  P 

Coleridge  and  his  Lectures,  by  J.  Payne 

Collier 

Notes  on  Manners,  Costume,  &c.  - 

Pipe  of  Tobacco      -          -          -          - 
Archaic  Words        -  -  -  - 

Modern  Pilgrimages— Amney  HolyrcO'J, 

Gloucestershire    -          -          -  - 

FOLK  LORE  :  —  French  Folk  Lore  —  Na- 
val Folk  Lore  -  -  - 

.John  Henderson     -          -          -          - 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Herrick  nnd  Southey 
—  Westminster  Abbey  a  Cathedral  — 
Barony  of  Ferrers  of  Chart  ley— Vam- 
pires   


•QUERIES  : — 
Miscellaneous  Manuscripts 


-      28 


MINOR  QUERIES  :_Boswell  and  Malone's 
Notes  on  Milton— Water-cure  in  1764 
_  Correspondence  between  Pilate  and 
Herod,  &c — The  Architect  of  the  Mo- 
nastery of  Batalha  in  Portugal  — 
Stoneham  —  Chinese  Language  — 
Amelia,  Daughter  of  George  It.  — 
•'••  Virtue  and  Vice  "— Duchesse  D'A- 
branti's  _  "  Perfide  Albion  I  "  —  Poly- 
gamy among  the  Turks  —Edward  I. 
—  "Nagging"  —  Constantinople  -  2S 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Milton's  Amour  —  President  of  St. 
John's —  John  Buncle  —  John  Zepha- 
niah  Holwell  —  Leases  -  -  -  30 


Two  Brothers  of  the   Fame  Christian 

Name,  by  J.  D.Lucas,  &c.        -          -  31 

Armorial      -  -  -  -  -  32 

Inn  Signs,  by  Thompson  Cooper,  &c.     -  3! 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middletou  -          -  33 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORUF.SPONDKNCE  -.-Pho- 
tographic Litigation  :  Itev.  J.  B. 
Kendo's  Letter ;  Affidavits  of  Sir 
D.  Brewster  and  Sir  J.  Herschel  -  34 

HEPLIKS  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Obsolete 
Statutes  —  "  Selnh  "  _  Pax  Pennies  of 
William  the  Conqueror  —  Holy-loaf 
Money  —  "Emori  nolo,"  Ac — Palin- 
dromic  Verses_Dr.  John  Pocklington 

—  Byron  and  Rochefoucauld—Somer- 
setshire Fglk  Lore  —  Black  Rat  _  De- 
moniacal Descent  of  the  Pluntagenets 

—  Shelley's  "Prometheus  Unbound" 

— "  Send  me  tribute,  or  else ,"  &c.— 

Hour-glasses  —  Barristers'   Gowns  _ 
Reversible     Names    —     When    and 
•where  docs  Sunday  begin  or  end  V  — 
Hiel  the  Bethelite  -  Will  of  Francis 
Rom  —  Per  Centum  Sign  —  Slavery  in 
England    -          -          -  -  -      36 

MISCELLANEOUS  : — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.  -  -  -  40 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted  -  40 
Aotices  to  Correspondents  -  -  40 


VOL.  X.  — No.  245. 


Multas  terricolis  linguae,  ccelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BA.GSTER 
LT1  AND  SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
Free  by  Post.  It  contains  Lists  of 
Quarto  Family  Bibles  ;  Ancient 
English  Translations  ;  Manuseript- 
nctcs  Bibles ;  Polyglot  LJibles  in  every  variety 
of  Size  and  Combination  of  Language  ;  Pa- 
rallel-passages Bibles ;  Greek  Critical  and 
other  Testaments  ;  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer  ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  rind  many 
other  Languages,  in  great  variety  ;  Aids  to  the 
Study  of  the  Old  Testament  and  of  the  New- 
Testament  ;  and  Miscellaneous  Biblical  and 
other  Works.  By  Post  Free. 

London  :  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS, 
15.  1'aternoster  Row. 


*  &vy,m; 


/,  uia,  5" 


This  Day,  cheaper  edition,  One  Volume  8vo., 
16s. 

EXPOSITION      OF      THE 
THIRTY-NINE    ARTICLES,    Histo- 
rical    and     Doctrinal.       By    E.    HAROLD 
BROWNE,  M. A.,  Norrisian  Professor  of  Di- 
vinity, Cambridge. 

London  :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON, 
West  Strand. 


This  Day,  in  small  8vo.,  a  New  Edition,  with 
Corrections  and  Additions,  Gs. 

OF     THE    PLURALITY     OF 
WORLDS :    An   Essay.     To   which   is 
prefixed  a  Dialogue  on  the  same  Subject.  With 
a  New  Preface. 

London :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON, 
West  Strand. 


TVHE  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 

I     No.  CLXXXIX.,  will  be  published  on 
THURSDAY  Next. 

CONTENTS  : 

I.  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS. 
II.  MILMAN'S    HISTORY    OF  LATIN 
CHRISTIANITY. 

III.  THE  DR. A  MA. 

IV.  CLASSICAL  DICTIONARIES. 
•V.  Till:  KLKCTKIC  TKUOGltAPIT. 

VI.  MELANESIA   AND   NEW    ZEA- 
LAND MISSIONS. 
VII.  QUEF.N  ELIZABETH  AND  HER 

FAVOURITES. 
VIII.  LORD  LYNDIIURST   AND   THE 

WAR. 
JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


Now  ready,  No.  VII.  (for  May),  price  2t.  Gd., 
published  Quarterly. 

T)ETROSPECTIVE    REVIEW 

1\  (New  Series) ;  consisting  of  Criticisms 
upon.  Analyses  of,  and  Extracts  from.  Curious, 
Useful,  Valuable,  and  Scarce  Old  Books. 

Vol.  I.,  8vo.,  pp.  43G,  cloth  10s.  6d.,  is  also 
ready. 

JOHN  RUSSELL  SMITH,  SG.  Soho  Square, 
London. 


A  MERICAN  BOOKS.  — LOW, 

f\.  SON,  &  CO..  ns  the  Importers  and  Pub- 
lishers of  American  Books  in  this  Country, 
have  recently  issued  a  detailed  Catalogue  of 
their  Stock  in  Theology,  History,  Travels, 
Biography,  Practical  Science,  Fiction,  &c..  a 
Copy  of  which  will  be  forwarded  upon  appli- 
cation. 

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lishers, all  Works  of  known  or  anticipated 
interest  will  in  future  be  published  by  LOW, 
SON,  &  CO..  simultaneously  witJi  their  appear- 
ance in  America.  Works  not  in  stock  ob- 
tained within  six  weeks  of  order.  Lists  of 
Importations  forwarded  regularly  when  de- 
sire 1. 

Literary  Institutions,  the  Clergy,  Merchants 
and  Shippers,  and  the  Trade,  supplied  on  ad- 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  245. 


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THE 

TOPOGRAPHER   &    GENEALOGIST 

EDITED  BT 

JOHN  GOUGH  NICHOLS,  F.S.A. 

The  Xlllth  Part  of  this  Work  is  now  published, 
price  3s.  6d.,  containing: 

Some  Account  of  the  Manor  of  Apuldrefield, 
in  the  Parish  of  Cudham,  Kent,  by  G.  Stein- 
man  Steinman.Esq.,F.S.A. 

Petition  to  Parliament  from  the  Borough  of 
Wotton  Basset,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  rela- 
tive to  the  ri^ht  of  the  Burgesses  to  Free  Com- 
mon of  Pasture  in  Fasterne  Great  Park. 

Memoranda  in  Heraldry,  from  the  MS. 
Pocket-books  of  Peter  Le  Neve,  Norroy  King 
of  Arms. 

Was  William  of  Wykeham  of  the  Familv  of 
Swalcliffe?  By  Charles  Wykeham  Martin, 
Esq.,  M.P..F.S.A. 

Account  of  Sir  Toby  Canlfield  rendered  to 
the  Irish  Exchequer,  relative  to  the  Chattel 
Property  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  and  other  fugi- 
tives from  Ulster  in  the  year  1616,  communi- 
cated by  James  F.  Ferguson,  Esq.,  of  the  Ex- 
chequer Record  Office,  Dublin. 

Indenture  enumerating  various  Lands  in 
Cirencester,  4  Hen.  VII.  (.1489). 

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pleted, which  are  published  in  cloth  boards, 
price  Two  Guineas,  or  in  Twelve  Parts,  price 
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ticles are  — 

Descent  of  the  Earldom  of  Lincoln,  with  In- 
troductory Observations  on  tlie  Ancient 

.  Earldoms  of  England,  by  the  Editor. 

On  the  Connection  of  Arderne,  or  Arden,  of 
Cheshire,  with  the  Ardens  of  W  arwickshire. 
By  George  Ormerod,  Esq.,  D.C.L.,  F.S.  A. 

Genealogical  Declaration  respecting  the  Family 
of  Norres,  written  by  Sir  William  Norres,  of 
Speke,  co.  Lane,  in  1563  ;  followed  by  an  ab- 
stract of  charters,  &c. 

The  Domestic  Chronicle  of  Thomas  Godfrey, 
Esq..  of  Winchelsea.  ic.,  M.P.,  the  father  of 
Sir  Edmund  Berry  Godfrey,  finished  in  1655. 

Honywood  Evidences,  compiled  previously  to 
1620.  edited  by  B.  W.  Greenfield,  Esq. 

The  Descendants  of  Mary  Honywood  at  her 
death  in  1620. 

Marriage  Settlements  of  the  Honywoods. 

Pedigrees  of  the  families  of  Arden  or  Arderne, 
Arundell  of  Aynho,  Babington,  Barry.  Bay- 
ley,  Bowet,  Browne.  Burton  of  Coventry, 
Clarke,  Clerke,  Clinton,  Close,  Dabiidge- 
court,  Dakyns  or  Dakeynes,  D'Oyly,  Drew, 
FitzAlan,  Fitzherhert,  Fianceis,  Freming- 
ham,  G'jl,  Hammond,  Harlakenden,  He- 
neaze,  Hirst.  Honywood,  Hodilow,  Holman, 
Horde.  Hustler,  Isley,  Kirby.  Kynnersley, 
Marclie,  Mars  ton,  Meynell,  Norres,  Peirse, 
Pimpe.  Plomer,  Polhill  or  Policy,  Pycheford, 
Pitchford.  Pule  or  De  la  Pole,  Preston,  Vis- 
count Ta-ah.  Thexton,  Trego^e.  Turner  of 
Kirklcatham.TJfford.Walerand,  Walton,  and 
Yate. 

The  Genealogies  of  more  than  ninety  families 
of  Kockton-uiion-Tees,  by  Wm.  D'Oyly 
Bayley,  Esq..  F.S.A. 

Sepulchral  Memorials  of  the  English  at  Bruges 
and  Caen. 

Many  original  Charters,  several  Wills,  and 
Funeial  Certificates. 

Survey,  temp.  Philip  and  Mary,  of  the  Manors 
of  Crosth  le  Landien,  Landulph.  Lishtdur- 
rant,  P<iri>ehan.  and  Tynton.  in  Cornwall; 
Aylesbeare  an<i  Wliytf  rd.co.  Devon  ;  Kwerne 
Courtenay,  co.  Dorset ;  Mudford  mid  Hinton, 
West  Coker,  and  Stoke  Courcy.  CD.  Somerset ; 
liollestou,  co  Stafford  ;  and  Corton,  co. 
Wilta. 

Survey  of  the  Marshes  of  the  Medway,  temp. 
Henry"  VIII. 

A  III  ,-criptiun  of  Cleveland,  addressed  to  Sir 
Thomas  Chaloner,  temp.  James  I. 

A  Catalogue  of  the  Monumental  Brasses,  an- 
cient Monuments,  and  Painted  Glass  existing 
in  the  Churches  of  Bedfordshire,  with  all 
Names  and  Dates. 

Catalogue  ot  Sepulchral  Monuments  in  Suf- 
folk, throughout  the  hundreds  of  Babcrgh, 
Blackbonm.  Blything,  Bosmere  and  Clay- 
don,  Carlford,  Colnies.  Cosford,  Hartismere, 
Home.  Town  of  Ipswich.  Hundreds  of  Lack- 
ford  and  Loes.  By  the  late  D.  E.  Davy,  Esq  , 
ot  Ufford. 

Published  by  J.  B.  NICHOLS  &  SONS,  25. 
Parliament  Street,  Westminster  ;  where  may 
be  obtained,  on  application,  a  fuller  abstract 
of  the  contents  of  these  volumes,  and  also  of 
the  "  Collectani  a  Topographica  et  Genealo- 
gica,"  now  complete  in  Eight  Volumes. 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


21 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULYS,  1854. 


COLERIDGE    AND    HIS    LECTURES. 

It  was  not  unusual,  when  I  was  young,  to  in- 
vite friends  to  tea  and  supper,  and  it  was  in  this 
manner  that   my   acquaintance   with   Coleridge, 
Wordsworth,  Lamb,    and   others,    began    at   my 
father's :  tea  was  concluded  before  eight  in  the 
evening,  and  about  eleven  a  supper,  hot  and  cold, 
was  served  up  in  the  dining-room,  and  the  com- 
pany,   without   any   excess   either   of  eating   or 
drinking,  did  not  separate  till  one  or  two  in  the  j 
morning.     These   parties   may  have   commenced 
when  I  was  sixteen  or  seventeen  years  old,  and  j 
they  continued  until  I  quitted  my  father's  roof,  j 
and  had  a  roof  of  my  own.     Coleridge  was  not  so  j 
frequent  a  visitor  as  some  others,  but  when  he  j 
did  come,  people  were  generally  content  that  he  j 
should  have  much  of  the- talk  to  himself,  and  I  had 
the  merit  of  being  an  excellent  listener.     It  was 
my  habit  to  put  down,  at  least,  the  heads  of  what 
I  had  heard,  and  at  one  time  I  had  a  collection  of 
memorandum-books  extending  over  several  years. 
Some  of  these  I  destroyed  myself,  because  they 
contained  observations  or  criticisms,    which    the 
speakers  had  delivered  in  the  confidence  of  private 
intercourse,  accompanied,  perhaps,  by  remarks  of 
my  own,  which,  as  I  grew  older  and  knew  more, 
I  regretted.     A  few  of  these  books  I  retained, 
but  in  the  course  of  thirty  or  forty  years  most  of  j 
these  have  been  lost ;  and,  as  I  stated  in  a  former 
communication,  only  some  fragments  are  now  ex- 
tant, and  were  found  with  my  notes  of  Coleridge's 
lectures  delivered  in  1812. 

Among  these  fragments  I  am  rejoiced  to  meet 
with  extemporaneous  commentaries  by  Coleridge 
on  Shakspeare,  and  some  rival  dramatists.  Thus, 
for  instance,  I  find  him  maintaining,  in  the  words 
of  my  diary,  "  That  Falstaff  was  no  coward, 
but  pretended  to  be  one,  merely  for  the  sake  of 
trying  experiments  on  the  credulity  of  mankind  ; 
that  he  was  a  liar  with  the  same  object,  and 
not  because  he  loved  falsehood  for  itself.  He 
was  a  man  of  such  pre-eminent  abilities  as  to 
give  him  a  profound  contempt  for  all  those  by 
whom  he  was  usually  surrounded,  and  to  lead  to 
a  determination  on  his  part,  in  spite  of  their  own 
fancied  superiority,  to  make  them  his  tools  and 
dupes.  He  knew,  however  low  he  descended,  that 
his  own  talents  would  raise  him,  and  extricate  him 
from  any  difficulty.  While  he  was  thought  to  be 
the  greatest  rogue,  thief,  and  liar,  he  still  had  that 
about  him  which  could  render  him  not  only  re- 
spectable, but  absolutely  necessary  to  his  com- 
panions. It  was  in  characters  of  complete  moral 
depravity,  but  of  first-rate  wit  and  talents,  that 


Shakspeare  delighted;  and  Coleridge  instanced 
Richard  III.,  lago,  and  Falstaff." 

These  are  the  very  words  in  my  diary,  and,  I 
presume,  the  very  words  Coleridge  employed,  as 
nearly  as  my  memory  served  me ;  the  date  is 
13th  October,  1812,  and  four  days  afterwards  I 
was  again  in  his  company  at  the  chambers  of 
Charles  Lamb.  He  was  talking  of  Shakspeare 
when  I  entered  the  room,  and  said  "  that  he  was 
almost  the  only  dramatic  poet  who  by  his  cha- 
racters represented  a  class  and  not  an  individual : 
other  poets,  and  in  other  respects  good  ones  too, 
had  aimed  their  satire  and  ridicule  at  particular 
foibles  and  particular  persons,  while  Shakspeare 
at  one  blow  lashed  thousands.  Coleridge  drew  a 
parallel  between  Shakspeare  and  a  geometrician  : 
the  latter,  in  forming  a  circle  had  his  eye  upon  the 
centre  as  the  important  point,  but  included  in  his 
vision  a  wide  circumference  :  so  Shakspeare,  while 
his  eye  rested  on  an  individual  character,  always 
embraced  a  wide  circumference  of  others,  without 
diminishing  the  interest  he  intended  to  attach  to 
the  being  he  pourtrayed.  Othello  was  a  per- 
sonage of  this  description." 

From  thence  he  went  on  to  notice  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  and  gave  high  commendation  to 
their  comedies,  but  their  tragedies  were  liable  to 
great  objections.  "  Their  tragedies  (he  said) 
always  proceed  upon  something  forced  and  unna- 
tural ;  the  reader  can  never  reconcile  the  plot 
with  probability,  and  sometimes  not  with  possi- 
bility. One  of  their  tragedies  was  founded  upon 
this  point :  —  a  lady  expresses  a  wish  to  possess  the 
heart  of  her  lover,  terms  which  that  lover  under- 
stands all  the  way  through  in  a  literal  sense,  and 
nothing  would  satisfy  him  but  tearing  out  his 
heart,  and  having  it  presented  to  the  heroine,  in 
order  to  secure  her  affections  after  he  was  past  the 
enjoyment  of  them.  Their  comedies,  however, 
were  of  a  much  superior  cast,  and  at  times,  and 
excepting  in  the  generalisation  of  humour  and 
application,  almost  rivalled  Shakspeare." 

This  is  all  that  I  find  recorded  immediately  re- 
lating to  Shakspeare  on  the  17th  October;  but 
Coleridge  went  on  to  criticise  Kotzebue  and 
Moore's  tragedy  The  Gamester,  and  from  thence 
diverged  to  Soutbey  and  Scott.  As,  however,  his 
opinions  upon  these  subjects  do  not  contribute  to 
my  purpose,  I  omit  them,  in  order  to  subjoin  his 
note  to  me,  which  is  written,  as  I  before  men- 
tioned, on  the  blank  spaces  of  the  prospectus  for 
his  lectures  in  1818.  I  had  desired  to  have  a 
ticket  for  the  course,  and  he  had  forwarded  one  to 
me  neither  signed  nor  sealed,  which  I  returned ; 
he  sent  it  back  properly  authenticated,  with  the 
subsequent  note,  in  which  I  have  only  left  out  one 
or  two  unimportant  names  : 

"  If  you  knew  but  half  the  perplexities  with 
which  (I  thank  God  as  one  sinned  against,  not 


22 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  245. 


sinning)  I  have  been  burthened  and  embrangled, 
you  would  rather  wonder  that  I  retained  any 
presence  of  mind  at  all,  than  that  I  should 
have  blundered  in  sending  you  an  unsigned  and 
unsealed  ticket.  Precious  fellows  those  gentry, 

the    Reverend   and   his   comrades,    are ! 

Contrary  to  the  most  solemn  promise,  made  in 

the  presence  of  Mr. and  Dr. ,  they  have 

sent  into  the  world  an  essay,  which  cost  me  four 
months'  incessant  labour,  and  which  I  valued  more 
than  all  my  other  prose  writings  taken  collectively, 
so  bedeviled,  so  interpolated  and  topsy-ttirvied, 
so  utterly  unlike  my  principles,  and  from  endless 
contradictions  so  unlike  any  principles  at  all,  that 
it  would  be  hard  to  decide  whether  it  is,  in  its 
present  state,  more  disreputable  to  me  as  a  man 
of  letters,  or  dishonourable  to  me  as  an  honest 

man  :    and   on  my  demanding  my  MSS.   ( 

knowing  that  after  his  engagement  I  had  de- 
stroyed my  fragmentary  first  copies),  I  received 
the  modest  reply,  that  they  had  purchased  the 
goods,  and  should  do  what  they  liked  with  them  ! 
I  shudder,  in  my  present  state  of  health  and 
spirits,  at  any  controversy  with  men  like  them, 
and  yet  shall,  I  fear,  be  compelled  by  common 
honesty  to  dissolve  all  connexion  with  the  Ency- 
clopaedia, which  is  throughout  a  breach  of  promise 
compared  with  my  prospectus,  even  as  they  them- 
selves published  it.  Yours,  S.  T.  COLERIDGE. 
"  J.  Payne  Collier,  Esq." 

As  I  cannot  find  that  the  prospectus  of  Cole- 
ridge's lectures  in  1818  (they  began  on  27th 
January,  and  finished  on  13th  March)  was  ever 
reprinted,  and  as  I  happen  to  know  that  it  cost 
him  no  little  trouble  and  reflection,  I  venture, 
though  it  is  somewhat  long,  to  subjoin  the  intro- 
duction to  what  is  called  the  "  Syllabus  of  the 
Course,"  disclosing  the  particular  contents  of  the 
fourteen  separate  lectures. 

"  There  are  few  families,  at  present,  in  the  higher 
and  middle  classes  of  English  society,  in  which 
literary  topics,  and  the  productions  of  the  Fine  Arts, 
in  some  one  or  other  of  their  various  forms,  do  not 
occasionally  take  their  turn  in  contributing  to  the  en- 
tertainment of  the  social  board,  and  the  amusement  of 
the  circle  at  the  fireside.  The  acquisitions  and  at- 
tainments of  the  intellect  ought,  indeed,  to  hold  a  very 
inferior  rank  in  our  estimation,  opposed  to  moral 
worth,  or  even  to  professional  and  scientific  skill, 
prudence  and  industry.  But  why  should  they  be  op- 
posed, when  they  may  be  made  subservient  merelv  by 
being  subordinated  9  It  can  rarely  happen  that  a  man 
of  social  disposition,  altogether  a  stranger  to  subjects  of 
taste  (almost  the  only  ones  on  which  persons  of  both 
sexes  can  converse  with  a  common  interest),  should 
pass  through  the  world  without  at  times  feeling  dis- 
satisfied with  himself.  The  best  proof  of  this  is  to  be 
found  in  the  marked  anxiety  which  men,  who  have 
succeeded  in  life  without  the  aid  of  these  accomplish- 
ments, show  in  securing  them  to  their  children.  A 


young  man  of  ingenuous  mind  will  not  wilfully  de- 
prive himself  of  any  species  of  respect.  He  will  wish 
to  feel  himself  on  a  level  with  the  average  of  the  so- 
ciety in  which  he  lives,  though  he  may  be  ambitious 
of  distinguishing  himself  only  in  his  own  immediate  pur- 
suit and  occupation. 

"  Under  this  conviction  the  following  Course  of 
Lectures  was  planned.  The  several  titles  will  best 
explain  the  particular  subjects  and  purposes  of  each  ; 
but  the  main  objects  proposed,  as  the  result  of  all,  are 
the  two  following  : 

"  I.  To  convey,  in  a  form  best  fitted  to  render  them 
impressive  at  the  time,  and  remembered  afterwards, 
rules  and  principles  of  sound  judgment,  with  a  kind  and 
degree  of  connected  information,  such  as  the  hearers, 
generally  speaking,  cannot  be  supposed  likely  to  form, 
collect,  and  arrange  for  themselves  by  their  own  unas- 
sisted studies.  It  might  be  presumption  to  say  that 
any  important  part  of  these  lectures  could  not  be  de- 
rived from  books  ;  but  none,  I  trust,  in  supposing  that 
the  same  information  could  not  be  so  surely  or  conve- 
niently acquired  from  such  books  as  are  of  commonest 
occurrence,  or  with  that  quantity  of  time  and  attention 
which  can  reasonably  be  expected,  or  even  wisely  de- 
sired, of  men  engaged  in  business  and  the  active  duties 
of  the  world. 

"  II.  Under  a  strong  persuasion  that  little  of  real 
value  is  derived  by  persons  in  general  from  a  wide  and 
various  reading  ;  but  still  more  deeply  convinced  as 
to  the  actual  mischief  of  unconnected  and  promiscuous 
reading,  and  that  it  is  sure,  in  a  greater  or  less  degree, 
to  enervate  even  where  it  does  not  likewise  inflate  ; 
I  hope  to  satisfy  many  an  ingenuous  mind,  seriously 
interested  in  its  own  development  and  cultivation,  how 
moderate  a  number  of  volumes,  if  only  they  be  judi- 
ciously chosen,  will  suffice  for  the  attainment  of  every 
wise  and  desirable  purpose ;  that  is,  in  addition,  to 
those  which  he  studies  for  specific  and  professional 
purposes.  It  is  saying  less  than  the  truth  to  affirm 
that  an  excellent  book  (and  the  remark  holds  almost 
equally  good  of  a  Raphael  as  of  a  Milton)  is  like  a 
well-chosen  and  well-tended  fruit-tree.  Its  fruits  are 
not  of  one  season  only.  With  the  due  and  natural 
intervals  we  may  recur  to  it  year  after  year,  and  it 
will  supply  the  same  nourishment,  and  the  same  gra- 
tification, if  only  we  ourselves  return  with  the  same 
healthful  appetite. 

"  The  subjects  of  the  lectures  are,  indeed,  very 
different,  but  not  (in  the  strict  sense  of  the  term)  di- 
rer se  ;  they  are  various,  rather  than  miscellaneous. 
There  is  this  bond  of  connexion  common  to  them  all 
—  that  the  mental  pleasure  which  they  are  calculated 
to  excite  is  not  dependent  on  accidents  of  fashion,  place 
or  aye,  or  the  events  or  the  customs  of  the  day  ;  but 
commensurate  with  the  good  sense,  taste,  and  feeling, 
to  the  cultivation  of  which  they  themselves  so  largely 
contribute,  as  being  all  in  kind,  though  not  all  in  the 
same  degree,  productions  of  GENIUS. 

"  What  it  would  be  arrogant  to  promise,  I  may  yet 
be  permitted  to  hope  —  that  the  execution  will  prove 
correspondent  and  adequate  to  the  plan.  Assuredly 
my  best  efforts  have  not  been  wanting  so  to  select  and 
prepare  the  materials,  that,  at  the  conclusion  of  the 
lectures,  an  attentive  auditor,  who  should  consent  to 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


23 


aid  his  future  recollection  by  a  few  notes  taken  either 
during  each  lecture  or  soon  after,  would  rarely  feel 
himself,  for  the  time  to  come,  excluded  from  taking 
an  intelligent  interest  in  any  general  conversation 
likely  to  occur  in  mixed  society. 

S.  T.  COLERIDGE." 

Last  week  I  sent  a  transcript  of  the  prospectus 
Coleridge  bad  issued  six  years  before  the  date  of 
the  above,  and  for  the  next  Number  of  "  N.  & 
Q."  I  will  transmit  some  quotations  from  my  short- 
hand notes  of  the  lectures  delivered  in  consequence 
of  it.  J.  PAYNE  COLLIER. 

Riverside,  Maidenhead. 


NOTES    ON   MANNERS,    COSTUME,   ETC. 

Billiards.  —  Evelyn  (Mem.,  vol.  i.  p.  516.)  de- 
scribes a  new  sort  of  billiards,  "  with  more  hazards 
than  ours  commonly  have."  The  game  was  there- 
fore already  known.  The  new  game  was  with 
posts  and  pins.  The  balls  were  struck  with  "  the 
small  end  of  the  billiard  stick,  which  is  shod  with 
brass  or  silver." 

Buckles. —  Charles  II.  attempted  in  1666  to  in- 
troduce what  was  called  a  Persian  dress  (Evelyn's 
Mem.,  vol.  i.  p.  398.)  into  national  use.  One  point 
of  this  alteration  was  to  change  "  shoe-strings  and 
garters  into  buckles,  of  which  some  were  set  with 
precious  stones."  The  attempt  wholly  failed,  and 
soon  went  out  of  fashion,  except  the  buckles, 
•which  appear  never  to  have  been  wholly  lost. 
The  shoe-buckles  were  pushed  to  a  great  size  by 
the  fops  about  1775 :  the  largest  were  called 
Artois-buckles,  after  the  Comte  d'Artois,  the 
French  king's  brother.  But  on  the  Revolution 
they  became  unpopular,  and  at  one  time  it  would 
have  been  dangerous  to  wear  them.  The  re- 
publican Roland  was  the  first  person  who  ven- 
tured to  Court  without  buckles.  This  matter 
made  a  sensation  so  great,  as  to  deserve  the  ridi- 
cule of  the  Antijacobin  :  "  Roland  the  Just  with 
ribands  in  his  shoes  ! "  The  opportunity  which 
buckles  afford  of  ornament  and  expense  has  pre- 
served them  as  a  part  of  the  court  dress  ;  and  of 
late  years  they  have  appeared  a  little  in  private 
society.  They  are  generally,  though  not  always, 
worn  when  a  prince  of  the  royal  family  is  of  the 
party  ;  and  at  the  king's  private  parties,  although 
the  rest  of  the  dress  be  that  usually  worn,  buckles 
are  almost  indispensable.  Knee-strings  came  in 
with  shoe-strings,  and  have  had  about  the  same 
vogue.  We  see  in  the  great  roses  worn  by  peers 
and  knights  of  the  orders  with  their  robes,  the 
fashion  of  shoe  and  garter  knots,  which  were  com- 
mon in  the  reigns  of  Charles  II.  and  Louis  XIV. 

Baits. — Bull  and  bear  baiting  are  well-known 
amusements;   but   in  Evelyn's   Memoirs,   vol.  i. 
p.  408.,  he  tells  us  that  — 
"  A  very  gallant  horse  was  baited  to  death  by  dogs ; 


but  he  fought  them  all,  so  as  the  fiercest  of  them 
could  not  fasten  on  him  till  they  (the  assistants)  ran 
him  through  with  their  swords.  This  wicked  and 
barbarous  sport  should  have  been  punished  on  the 
contrivers  of  it,  to  get  money  under  pretence  that  the 
horse  had  killed  a  man,  which  was  false." 

Cloaks. — After  being  out  of  fashion  for  near  a 
century,  cloaks  are  come  a  little  into  fashion  again 
(1822).  For  officers  in  the  army  they  are  better 
than  great-coats,  as  the  latter  spoil  the  epaulets 
and  lace  ;  but  for  common  life,  they  are  cumbrous 
and  more  expensive.  I  do  not  think  the  fashion 
will  last.  It  is  said  that  when  the  common  Irish 
wish  to  excite  a  quarrel  in  a  fair,  one  of  them 
drags  a  cloak  or  coat  along  the  ground  as  a  signal 
of  defiance  (Edgeworth).  I  find  this  practice  to 
be  of  older  date  and  higher  origin  than  may  be 
supposed.  Sandras  de  Courtilz,  in  his  Memoires 
du  Comte  de  Rochefort,  states  that  one  of  the  un- 
becoming follies  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans  was  that 
he  took  pleasure  "  a  tirer  les  manteausf  sur  le  Pont 
Neuf."  This  probably  means  that  his  royal  high- 
ness amused  himself  in  stealing  cloaks,  but  the 
practices  were  probably  originally  the  same.  C. 

(To  be  continued.) 


A   PAPER    OF    TOBACCO. 


The  department  of  domestic  antiquities,  re- 
ferred to  by  your  correspondents  in  their  articles 
on  "Tobacco-Pipes"  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  372.  546.),  ap- 
pears to  be  not  much  investigated.  As  I  consider 
the  subject  of  interest,  I  have  pleasure  in  sub- 
mitting the  following  items,  with  a  view  some- 
what to  elucidate  it. 

MR.  SMITH  says,  at  p.  546.,  that  he  has  long 
thought  the  habit  of  smoking  more  ancient  than 
is  generally  supposed,  and  refers  to  the  use  of 
coltsfoot,  and  the  discovery  of  ancient  tobacco- 
pipes  under  the  floor  of  an  abbey  at  Buildwas,  in 
Shropshire. 

The  mention  of  coltsfoot  reminds  me  of  a  pas- 
sage in  the  Historie  of  Plantes,  by  Rembert  Do- 
doens,  translated  by  Henrie  Lyte,  and  published 
in  1578,  about  eight  years  prior  to  the  supposed 
introduction  of  tobacco  among  us.  The  passage 
in  question  will  be  found  under  the  article 
"  Coltsfoot."  The  writer  there  states  that  if  the 
smoke  of  the  dried  leaves  of  that  plant  be  in- 
haled through  a  pipe  or  funnel,  by  persons  suffer- 
ing from  certain  affections,  they  will  be  materially 
benefited.  I  regret  that  the  book  is  not  at  hand 
just  now  for  me  to  give  the  exact  words  of  the 
passage.*  This  is  the  earliest  allusion  to  smoking 

[»  The  following  is  the  passage  on  "  The  Vertues  of 
Colefoote. — The  green  leaves  of  colefoote  pounde  with 
hony,  do  cure  and  healc  the  hoate  inflammation  called 
Saint  Anthonies  fyrc,  and  all  other  kindes  of  inflam- 


24 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  245. 


in  any  form  with  which  I  remember  to  have  met, 
and  it  certainly  suggests  that  pipes  for  smoking, 
as  well  as  the  practice  of  smoking  itself,  were 
unknown  to  both  author  and  translator.  The 
dried  leaves  of  coltsfoot  and  of  other  plants,  as 
milfoil  or  yarrow,  are  still  frequently  smoked  in 
the  country  and  generally  mixed  with  tobacco  ; 
the  motive  for  this  is  not  always  economy,  but 
sometimes  preference,  or  supposed  medical  quali- 
ties. We  can  easily  account  for  the  use  of  fra- 
grant herbs,  after  tobacco  had  been  introduced, 
and  men  had  learned  to  like  it,  from  the  dearness 
of  it.  A  list  of  Rates  of  Merchandises,  printed 
in  1642,  now  lies  before  me,  and  under  the  head 
of  Tobacco  I  observe  the  following.  (The  sums 
are  the  duties  payable)  :  — 

"  Tobacco  vocat.  *  Spanish,  and  Brazeil  tobacco,  or 
any  not  English  plant,  the  1.,  31." 

There  is  no  doubt  that  a  curious  chapter  might 
be  written  on  the  history  and  literature  of  this 
subject.  Everybody  has  heard  of  James  I.'s 
Counterblast  to  Tobacco,  in  which  he  inveighs 
right  royally  against  a  habit  already  widely  and 
fondly  cherished.  Pope  Urban  VIII.  (1623  — 
1644)  issued  a  bull  against  the  use  of  tobacco  in 
churches.  The  third  Mexican  synod,  and  the 
third  synod  of  Lima,  as  well  as  a  synod  in  the 
Canary  Islands,  also  expressly  condemned  it  under 
similar  circumstance?,  as  appears  from  theSacerdos 
Christianus  of  Abelly  (ed.  1737,  pp.  562-4.). 
Jacobus  Balde,  a  Jesuit,  the  author  of  sundry 
Latin  poems  (cir.  1625),  has  one  (Satyra  19.)  with 
this  title,  Medici  ciijusdam  longe  clarissimi,  Taba- 
cophilia  et  fatum.  Among  the  Lusus  Westmona- 
sterienses  (ed.  1740,  p.  25.)  is  one  with  the  motto — 

"  Disce  tubo  genitos  haurire  et  reddere  fumos." 

Nor  are  we7,likely  to  forget  the  lucubrations  on 
tobacco,  appended  by  the  Rev.  R.  Erskine  to  his 
Gospel  Sonnets !  To  these  many  additions  may 
be  made,  especially  from  prose  writers,  as  Salma- 
sius,  who,  in  his  ludicrous  character  of  the  Inde- 
pendents, given  in  the  Defensio  Regia  (ed.  1649, 
p.  354.)  amusingly  says  of  their  ecclesiastical 
assemblies  :  —  "  Quidam  interim,  hausti  fistula 
tabaci  fumos  in  angulo  revomunt ! "  I  pass  over 

mation.  The  parfume  of  the  dryed  leaves  layde  upon 
quicke  coles,  taken  into  the  mouth  through  the  pipe  of 
a  funnell,  or  tunnell,  helpeth  suche  as  are  troubled 
with  the  shortness  of  winde,  and  fetche  their  breath 
thicke  or  often,  and  do  breake  without  daunger  the 
impostums  of  the  breast.  The  roote  is  of  the  same 
vertue,  if  it  be  layde  upon  the  coles,  and  the  fume 
thereof  received  into  the  mouth."  —  ED.] 

"*  Note,  that  this  sort  of  tobacco  until  the  ninth 
of  September,  1642,  is  to  pay  after  the  rate  of  21.,  and 
afterwards  according  to  the  rate  of  31. 

"  Spanish  or  Brazeil  tobac.  in  pudding  or  roull, 
the  ].,  31."' 


Alsted,  Yoet,  &c.,  to  add  a  remark  on  the  inven- 
tion of  the  tobacco-pipe.  Some  time  since  a 
remarkable  specimen  of  miniature  size  was  found 
under  the  foundation  of  a  cottage,  which  bore  the 
date  of  1588  on  one  of  its  beams.  This  pipe  was 
probably  deposited  where  it  was  found,  about  the 
date  in  question.  The  occurrence  of  tobacco- 
pipes  under  the  abbey  floor,  as  mentioned  by  ME. 
SMITH,  is  curious ;  but  has  the  floor  never  been 
disturbed  ? 

My  own  impression  is,  that  the  common  account 
of  the  introduction  of  tobacco,  and  of  tobacco- 
pipes,  is  correctly  traced  to  the  last  quarter  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  when  the  practice  of  smoking 
was  brought  from  the  Caribbee  Islands,  where  they 
called,  not  the  weed,  but  the  pipe  by  the  name  of 
tobacco.  B.  H.  C. 


ABCHAIC    WORDS. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  ix.,  p.  492.) 

Foule,  greatly.  "  Than  was  Kynge  Herode  foule 
astonyed  of  theyr  wordes  [the  wise  men's]." — The 
Festival,  fol.  Ixxv.  verso,  edit.  1528. 

Fraccyon,  breaking.  The  Festival,  fol.  li.  recto. 
"  Whan  he  [Odo]  was  at  Masse,  and  had  made  the 
fraccyon,  he  sawe  that  blode  dropped." 

Fromwarde,  returning.  The  Festival,  fol.  1.  verso. 
"  All  his  steppes  towarde  and  fromwarde  the  holy 
chyrche  his  good  aungell  rekeneth  to  his  salvacyon." 

Halowe,  a  thing  consecrated.  "  And  the  halowes  of 
God." — The  Festival,  fol.  cxci.  verso. 

Imposytoure,  a  conferrer.  Festival,  fol.  cxxii.  verso. 
"  Specyally  the  more,  yf  the  imposytoure  and  gyver  of 
the  name  have  perfyte  scyence  of  the  thynge." 

Ineffrenate,  lawless.  Stubbes,  apud  Papers  of  the 
Shakspeare  Society,  iv.  82. 

Leprehode,  the  state  of  leprosy.  The  Festival, 
fol.  Ixxvi.  verso.  "  And  as  soon  as  he  was  chrystened, 
the  leprehode  fell  into  the  water." 

Lowable,  commendable.  Caxton's  Art  of  Dying  Well, 
fol.  A.  iii.  verso.  "  Hope,  thenne,  is  a  vertue  moche 
lowable,  and  of  grete  meryte  before  God." 

Muldworp,  a  worldling?  "Ye  maken  a  maldworp 
stonde  there." — Wycliffite  versions,  Prolog,  vol.  i.  32. 

Maugre,  dislike,  enmity.  Foxe,  Acts  and  Monu- 
ments, vii.  452.,  edit.  1843.  (See  also  Prompt.  Parvu- 
lorum,  in  voc.,  at  last  "let  loose  from"  press.) 

Mightles,  weak.  "  Olde  people  that  ben  myghtles." — 
The  Festival,  fol.  xv.  recto,  edit.  1528. 

Mowing,  mocking.  Festival,  fol.  cxxviii.  recto.  The 
devills  "  stode  a  ferre  of,  and  sayd  mowing,  and  with  a 
croked  countenaunce." 

Nosethrylless,  in  Festival,  fol.  xcix.  verso. 

Outstray,  to  enlarge.  Wycliffite  versions,  i.  66. 
"  The  epistles  streytnes  suffryd  not  lenger  this  to  ben 
outstrayed,"  the  Latin  of  Jerome  being  evagari,  cap  vi. 

Overlargely,  fully.  Wycliffite  version,  i.  66.,  later 
version,  cap.  vi. 

Payrement,  loss.  "  That  in  nothing  payrement  yee 
suffre  of  us." — Wycliffe's  version,  2  Cor.  vii.  9. 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


25 


Payne,  endure  pain.  "  And  made  him  to  be  done  on 
a  crosse,  for  that  he  should  payne  thereon  longe  or  he 
dyed." —  The  Festival,  fol.  Ivi.  recto. 

Perdurubility,  endurance.  Caxton's  Golden  Legend, 
"Inv.  of  the  Cross,"  edit.  1503,  as  subjoined  to  Fisher's 
Ancient  Paintings  at  Stratford-upon-Avon,  1838. 

Possessioners,  rightful  owners.  "  And  ever  shall  be 
[the  Jews]  subjectes  and  not  possessioners."  —  The  Fes- 
tival, fol.  xeix.  verso. 

Premyour,  the  chief,  or  recompence.  "Jesus  is  ... 
his  lovers  rewarde  and  premyour."  —  The  Festival, 
fol.  cxxiii.  verso. 

Rather.  "  Of  the  rather  people." — Wycliffite  ver- 
sions, i.  69.,  where  the  later  gives  "former." 

Reprouchable,  lamentable.  "  Yet  is  the  deth  of  the 
soule  ....  much  more  reprouchable." —  Caxton's  Art 
of  Dying  Well,  A.  i.  verso. 

Resourd,  spring  up  again.  "  Fro  thens  ....  the 
lyfe  resourded,  and  the  stench  is  tourned  into  swetnes: 
Canticorum  i." — Caxton's  Golden,  Legend,  "  Invent,  of 
Cross." 

Sen-ze,  spelt  seyne  in  Wycliffite  version,  i.  2. :  "  Seyne 
of  Nicene." 

Sharper,  shaper?  "  God  the  Maker,  the  sharper  of 
all  these  thynges." —  The  Festival,  fol.  cxxiiii.  recto. 

Shenship,  confusion.  "  The  seventh  payne  is  open 
shenship  or  shame  for  synne." — The  Festival,  fol.  clxxx. 
verso,  edit.  1528.  "  Prophetis  of  Baal,  that  counceili- 
den  Acal  go  to  werre  to  his  own  schenschipe  and  deth." 
— Wycliffite  versions,  Prolog.,  p.  30. 

Shepster,  a  seemster.  See  "  N.  &  Q,.,"  Vol.  i., 
p.  356. 

Speed,  interest.  "  Yf  thou  praye  ony  thynge  agaynst 
thyne  owne  spede." —  The  Festival,  fol.  clxxxix.  recto. 

Stickle.  This  word  seems  to  mean  "  to  encourage, 
promote,"  in  the  passage  following :  "  As  on  this  day 
•(24  June)  was  the  conflict  at  Mersbrough  .  .  .  stickled 
forth  by  the  Pope." —  Liturgical  Services,  Queen  Eliza- 
beth (Parker  Society),  p.  449. 

Treaty,  disquisition.  Jewel's  Works,  edit.  Oxford, 
1848  (Reply  to  Harding,  art.  v.  div.  1.  vol.  ii.  p.  320.) 
"  Herein  he  [Harding]  bestowed  his  whole  treaty." 

Unberobbed,  secure  from  loss.  The  Festival,  fol.  Ixxvii. 
recto.  "  So  that  all  the  people  myght  go  sage  and  un- 
berobbed." 

Undepar (ably,  inseparably.  "  Dives  and  Pauper," 
apud  H.Tooke's  Diversions  of  Purley,  p.  408.  ed.  1840. 

Uiiderjoin,  to  subjoin.  Wycliffe  vers.,  Prolog,  i.  38., 
from  Dublin  MS. 

Underlonte,  to  condescend.  The  books  of  Psalms. 
"  Kingis  to  pore  men  it  maketh  underlontynge."  — 
Prologue  to  Wycliffite  versions,  p.  39.  note. 

Undren.  "  An  husbounde  man  went  into  his  gardeyn, 
or  vyne  yearde,  at  prime,  and  ayen  at  undren  or  myd- 
day." —  Liber  Ftstivalis,  fol.  v.  verso,  edit.  Paris,  1495. 

Ungilty,  guiltless.      Coverdale's  Bible,  Exod.  xxi. 

Unmiyhtfulness,  reducing,  weakening.  Foxe,  Acts 
and  Monuments,  iii.  114.,  edit.  1843.  "  Wrongfull  op- 
pression of  commons  for  unmightfulnesse  of  realmes." 

Upstyenye,  rising  up,  ascension.  "  Thus  for  grete 
wonder  that  the  lower  aungelles  had  of  his  [Christ's] 
upstyenge." — The  Festival,  fol.  xli.  recto,  ed.  1528.' 

Uttcrmore,  additional.  "  Withouten  uttennore  help." 
— Wye-lift",  versions,  Prolog.,  i.  37.,  from  Dublin  MS. 


Vading,  failing.  "  Vading  of  water." — Foxe,  vol.  ii. 
177.,  edit.  1843. 

Venom,  as  a  verb,  to  envenom.  "  A  grete  dragon  .  .  . 
venymed  the  people  so  with  her  brethynge." — Festival, 
fol.  xcviii.  verso. 

Vocyall,  by  word  of  mouth.  "  Confessyon  vocyall." 
—  The  Festival,  fol.  clxxxiiii.  verso. 

Voydly,  uselessly.  "  Beware  that  thou  bare  not  that 
name  voydly." — The  Festival,  fol.  clvii.  verso. 

Wair,  a  pool  ?  "  The  bysshop  of  the  temple  let 
make  a  way  re  ....  to  washe  in  shepe." — The  Festival, 
fol.  ci.  recto. 

Waryinge,  cursing.     Wyeliff.  vers.  of  Rom.  iii.  1 4. 

Wederynge,  fine  weather.  The  Festival,  fol.  cxciv. 
verso.  "  That  God  sende  suche  wederynge  that  they 
may  growe." 

Welowynge,  fading.  "  Roses,  lelyes,  and  floures  with- 
out welowynge." — The  Festival,  fol.  cxlii.  verso. 

Withinforth,  internally.  "  For  only  contrycyon  wy- 
thinforth  may  suffyce  in  suche  a  case." — Caxton's  Art 
of  Dying  Well,  fol.  A.  iii.  recto;  Foxe,  ii.  744.,  ed.  1843. 

Wtthoutforth,  externally.  The  Festival,  fol.  xxxi. 
recto. 

Wonders,  exceedingly.  "  Than  was  Kynge  Herode 
wonders  wroth."  — Fest.,  fol.  Ixxv.  verso.  "  A  wonders 
ryche  man."  —  Fol.  x.  verso. 

Yeasely,  feebly  ?  Latimer  to  Hubherdin,  in  Foxe, 
vol.  vii.  Append.  209.,  edit.  1843.  "Which  two  per- 
suasions though  they  be  in  very  dede  lyes,  as  1  trust  in 
God  to  shew  them,  yet  though  they  were  true  did  but 
yeasely  prove  your  intention." 

N.  B. — The  explanation  of  words  offered  in  the 
foregoing  list  is  in  many  cases  but  conjectural, 
and  is,  of  course,  fully  open  to  correction  or  im- 
provement. Novus. 


MODERN     PILGRIMAGES AMNET     HOLYROOD, 

GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 

Although  not  aspiring  to  the  relation  of  any 
anecdote  of  the  author,  or  of  the  account  of  a 
"Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land"  (Vol.  v.,  p.  289. ; 
Vol.  vii.,  pp.  344.  415  ),  I  think  the  following  sim- 
ple narrative  of  pilgrimages  to  a  sacred  spot  in 
our  own  country  is  worthy  of  preservation  in  the 
columns  of  "  N.  &  Q."  If  we  are  to  credit  recent 
writers  on  the  customs  of  the  Irish  of  making 
yearly  pilgrimages  to  shrines  and  holy  wells,  such 
superstitions  are  gradually  giving  way  to  the  light 
of  divine  truth.  But  in  the  following  relation 
there  is  neither  superstition  nor  bigotry. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Cotswold  Naturalists' 
Club  in  Gloucestershire,  a  paper  was  read  by 
Mr.  Charles  Pooley  upon  the  still  prevalent  cus- 
tom of  pilgrimages  to  the  churchyard  of  Amney 
Crucis  or  Amney  Holyrood  in  that  county,  the 
church  in  which  parish  is  dedicated  to  Holyrood ; 
the  parish  is  in  the  hundred  of  Crowthorne  and 
Minety  : 

"  Amney  Holy  Rood,"  Mr.  Pooley  relates,  "is  not 
deserted,  even  in  these  days  ;  pilgrimages  are  still  made 


26 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  245. 


there — pilgrimages  of  deep  devoted  affection  to  shrines 
hallowed  in  the  sanctuary  of  the  heart.  It  was  here 
I  chanced  to  overtake  a  dusty  and  way-worn  traveller 
who  had  come  upwards  of  forty  miles  to  pay  a  visit  to 
his  mother's  grave.  He  told  me  that  for  many  years 
it  had  been  his  annual  custom  to  set  apart  a  few  days 
to  pay  this  tribute  of  affection  to  her  memory.  On 
another  occasion  I  met  at  a  neighbouring  village  two 
young  men,  who,  as  they  informed  me,  had  just  ex- 
piated in  gaol  a  crime  of  which  they  had  been  found 
guiltv.  They  were  in  a  deplorable  state,  with  scarcely 
a  rag  to  cover  them,  without  shoes  or  stockings,  and 
bareheaded.  I  assisted  them  to  decipher  a  few  letters, 
almost  obliterated,  which  were  chiselled,  alas  1  on  their 
mother's  tomb  also.  I  saw  them  sit  down  beside  it,  and 
pour  out  their  feelings  in  deep  anguish.  It  was  a  new 
sight  to  behold  such  men,  from  whom  we  conceive  no 
hardships  or  sufferings  would  have  wrung  a  tear,  yield- 
ing to  the  influence  of  some  sweet  remembrance  of 
tender  care  ;  of  some  cherished  thought  of  parental 
solicitude ;  or,  it  may  be,  in  sorrow,  feeling  the  con- 
sciousness of  early  disobedience,  with  the  sad  reflection 
of  its  bitter  consequences,  and  the  contrast  of  their  own 
turbulent,  reckless  life,  with  the  solemn  silence  and 
peacefulness  of  their  mother's  grave.  The  hour  was 
sanctified  by  such  a  scene ;  and  as  it  seemed  an  intru- 
sion to  be  even  an  accidental  spectator  of  their  com- 
nmnings,  I  left  them,  pilgrims  as  they  were,  though 
not  habited  '  in  cockle  hat  and  sandal  shoon,'  still 
seated  by  the  grave,  forthwith  to  continue,  let  us  hope, 
under  the  guardianship  of  the  angels  who  had  thus  so 
tenderly  touched  the  sweetest  chords  of  their  soul,  and 
led  them  responsive  to  contrition  at  that  shrine  where 
their  purest,  holiest  affections  rested.  If  there  are 
churchyards  whose  gates  are  padlocked  and  barred, 
may  the  remembrance  of  these  incidents  relax  the  bolts 
in  favour  of  those  who  would  pass  a  solemn  moment 
there  !" 

J.  M.  G. 
Worcester. 


FOLK   LORE. 

French  Folk  Lore  :  Miraculous  Powers  of  a 
Seventh  Son. — The  following  abridged  translation 
of  an  article  which  appeared  lately  in  a  French 
provincial  paper,  Le  Journal  du  Loiret,  may  prove 
interesting  to  the  collectors  of  facts  bearing  on 
popular  superstitions  : 

"  We  have  more  than  once  had  occasion  to  make  our 
readers  acquainted  with  the  superstitious  practices  of 
the  Marcous.  The  Orleanais  is  the  classic  land  of 
Marcous,  and  in  the  Gdtinais  every  parish  at  all  above 
the  common  is  sure  to  have  its  marcou.  If  a  man  is 
the  seventh  son  of  his  father,  without  any  female  in- 
tervening, he  is  a  marcou  :  he  has  on  some  part  of  the 
body  the  mark  of  a  fleur-de-lis,  and,  like  the  kings  of 
France,  he  has  the  power  of  curing  the  king's  evil. 
All  that  is  necessary  to  effect  a  cure  is,  that  the  marcou 
should  breathe  upon  the  part  affected,  or  that  the  suf- 
ferer should  touch  the  mark  of  the  fleur-de-lis.  Of  all 
the  marcous  of  the  Orleanais,  he  of  Ormes  is  the  best 
known  and  most  celebrated.  Every  year,  from  twenty, 


thirty,  forty  leagues  around,  crowds  of  patients  come 
to  visit  him ;  but  it  is  particularly  in  Holy  Week 
that  his  power  is  most  efficacious  ;  and  on  the  night  of 
Good  Friday,  from  midnight  to  sunrise,  the  cure  is 
certain.  Accordingly,  at  this  season,  from  four  to  five 
hundred  persons  press  round  his  dwelling  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  his  wonderful  powers." 

The  paper  then  goes  on  to  describe  a  disturb- 
ance among  the  crowds  assembled  this  year,  in 
consequence  of  the  officers  of  justice  having  at- 
tempted to  put  a  stop  to  the  imposture.  The- 
article  concludes  thus : 

"  The  marcou  of  Ormes  is  a  cooper  in  easy  circum- 
stances, being  the  possessor  of  a  horse  and  carriage. 
His  name  is  Foulon,  and  in  the  country  he  is  known 
by  the  appellation  of  Le  beau  marcou.  He  has  the 
fleur-de-lis  on  his  left  side,  and  in  this  respect  is  more 
fortunate  than  the  generality  of  marcous,  with  whom 
the  mysterious  sign  is  apt  to  hide  itself  in  some  part  of 
the  body  quite  inaccessible  to  the  eyes  of  the  curious." 

HONORE  DE  MAKEVLLLE. 

Naval  Folk  Lore.  —  In  reading  a  French  novel 
the  other  day,  I  met  with,  the  following  passage  : 

"  Antoine  Morand  etait  un  de  ces  vieux  matelots, 
nourris  dans  les  principes  de  1'ancienne  ecole,  qui  sif- 
flent  pour  appeler  le  vent,  et  apaisent  1'orage  en  fouet- 
tant  les  mousses  au  pied  du  grand  mat." 

To  whistle  for  a  wind  is  a  practice  commorr 
I  believe  to  all  sailors  ;  but  I  do  not  remember  to 
have  heard  before,  that  the  Spirit  of  the  Storm 
was  to  be  propitiated  by  flogging  the  unfortunate 
middies  at  the  main-mast.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  whether  this  superstition  exists 
among  the  sailors  of  other  nations  besides  the 
French,  and  whether  there  are  any  traces  of  it 
to  be  found  on  board  of  British  ships  ? 

An  infallible  recipe  for  raising  a  storm  is  to 
throw  a  cat  overboard.  The  presence  of  a  clergy- 
man, a  corpse,  or  a  dead  hare  on  board  a  ship  is 
said  to  bring  bad  weather.  A  collection  of  naval 
superstitions  would  be  an  interesting  addition  to 
our  folk  lore,  and  I  wish  that  some  of  your  aquatic 
readers  would  favour  us  with  what  they  know  on 
the  subject.  HONORE  DE  MABEVILLE. 


JOHN    HENDERSON. 


The  generation  who  knew  anything  of  this 
extraordinary  man  are  now  rapidly  passing  away, 
and  whilst  a  few  of  them  are  yet  left,  it  seems, 
desirable  to  collect  and  preserve  the  little  that 
may  be  remembered  of  him,  which  is  not  already 
to  be  found  in  the  note  to  Cuttle's  Recollections  of 
Coleridge.  With  this  view,  I  send  some  parti- 
culars relating  to  his  last  illness,  which  I  took 
down  nineteen  years  ago  from  the  lips  of  a  highly 
respectable  inhabitant  of  Bristol,  since  deceased, 
who  knew  one  at  least  of  the  parties  concerned, 
and  I  believe  all  of  them  who  were  resident  in 
that  city. 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


27 


John  Henderson  had  a  relation  named  Mary 
Macy,  who  lived  on  Redcliff  Hill :  she  was  a  very 
extraordinary  woman,  and  had  a  sort  of  gift  of 
second  sight.  One  night  she  dreamed  that  John 
Henderson  was  gone  to  Oxford,  and  that  he  died 
there.  In  the  course  of  the  next  day,  John  Hen- 
derson called  to  take  leave  of  her,  saying  that  he 
•was  going  to  Oxford  to  study  something  concern- 
ing which  he  could  not  obtain  the  information 
he  wanted  in  Bristol.  Mary  Macy  said  to  him, 
"  John,  you'll  die  there  ; "  to  which  he  answered, 
"  I  know  it." 

Some  time  afterwards  Mary  Macy  waked  her 
husband,  saying  to  him,  "  Remember  that  John 
Henderson  died  at  two  o'clock  this  morning,  and 
it  is  now  three."  Philip  Macy  made  light  of  it, 
but  she  told  him  that  she  had  dreamed  (and  was 
conscious  that  she  was  dreaming)  that  she  was 
transported  to  Oxford,  to  which  city  she  had 
never  been  in  reality ;  and  that  she  entered  a  room 
there,  in  which  she  saw  John  Henderson  in  bed, 
the  landlady  supporting  his  head,  and  the  land- 
lord and  others  surrounding  him.  While  looking 
at  him,  she  saw  some  one  give  him  medicine ;  after 
which  John  Henderson  saw  her,  and  said,  "  Oh ! 
Mrs.  Macy,  I  am  going  to  die ;  I  am  so  glad  you 
are  come,  for  I  want  to  tell  you  that  my  father  is 
going  to  be  very  ill,  and  that  you  must  go  to  see 
him."  He  then  proceeded  to  describe  a  room  in 
his  father's  house,  and  a  bureau  in  it :  "  In  which 
is  a  box  containing  some  pills ;  give  him  so  many 
of  them,  and  he  will  recover."  Her  impression  of 
all  in  the  room  was  most  vivid,  and  she  even 
described  the  appearance  of  the  houses  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  street.  The  only  object  she 
appeared  not  to  have  seen  was  a  clergyman,  who 
•was  in  attendance  on  John  Henderson.  Hender- 
son's father,  going  to  the  funeral,  took  Philip 
Macy  with  him  ;  and  on  the  way  to  Oxford,  Philip 
Macy  told  him  the  particulars  of  his  son's  death, 
which  they  found  to  have  been  strictly  correct  as 
related^  by  Mary  Macy.  Mary  Macy  was  too 
much  interested  about  John  Henderson's  death 
to  think  anything  of  his  directions  about  the  pills, 
yet,  some  time  afterwards,  she  was  sent  for  by  the 
father,  who  was  ill.  She  then  remembered  her 
dream  ;  found  the  room,  the  bureau,  and  the  pills, 
exactly  as  had  been  foretold,  and  they  had  the 
promised  effect,  for  Henderson  was  cured. 

Hannah  More  several  times  alludes  to  John 
Henderson  in  her  letters,  and  appears  to  have 
known  him  personally.  N.  J.  A. 


Hcrrick  and  Southey.  —  The  article  in  the 
Quarterly  Review  for  1810,  on  Dr.  Nott's  Herrick, 
was  not  written  by  Southey,  to  whom  it  is  com- 
monly attributed,  but  by  the  late  Mr.  Barren 


Field,  the  friend  of  Charles  Lamb,  and,  I  have 
pleasure  in  adding,  my  friend  as  well.  Your 
able  correspondent  ME.  SINGER  (as  the  editor  of 
Herrick)  may  be  glad  to  know  this.  MR.  SINGER 
has  followed  the  common  report,  but  my  inform- 
ant was  Mr.  Field  himself.  If  Mr.  Field  had 
lived  another  year,  I  was  to  have  accompanied 
him  on  his  second  visit  to  Dean  Prior. 

PETER  CUNNINGHAM. 
Kensington. 

Westminster  Abbey  a  Cathedral.  — 

"Robbing  Peter  to  pay  Paul.  —  On  the  17th  De- 
cember, 1540,  the  abbey  church  of  S.  Peter,  West- 
minster, was  advanced  to  the  dignity  of  a  cathedral  by 
the  king's  letters  patent.  Dr.  Thos.  Thirlby  was  obliged 
to  surrender  his  see  in  1550,  when  the  diocese  of  Mid- 
dlesex was  rejoined  to  that  of  London  ;  and  several 
estates  belonging  to  the  Dean  of  Westminster  were 
granted  in  trust  for  the  repairs  of  S.  Paul's  Cathe- 
dral. Hence  is  said  to  have  sprung  the  adage,  '  Rob- 
bing Peter  to  pay  Paul.'  An  act  of  parliament  after- 
wards passed,  declaring  that  Westminster  should  still 
remain  a  cathedral,  under  a  dean  and  chapter,  but  sub- 
ordinate to  the  diocese  of  London." — See  Winkle's 
Cathedrals,  Introd.  (  The  Guardian,  Nov.  16,  1853.) 

A.  A.  D. 

Barony  of  Ferrers  of  Chariley.  —  I  have  not 
seen  noticed  in  any  of  the  periodicals  the  curious 
coincidence  that  the  recent  death  of  Lord  Charles 
Townshend  s.  p.  places  his  nephew,  Mr.  Ferrers 
of  Baddesley-Clinton,  in  the  next  degree  of  suc- 
cession, not  only  to  the  peerage,  in  which  his 
family  occupied  a  prominent  station  for  three  cen- 
turies, but  to  the  very  title  of  his  own  male 
ancestry.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Vampires.  —  The  following  paragraph  is,  per- 
haps, worth  preserving  in  the  columns  of  "  N.  & 
Q."  I  send  it  to  you  as  copied  from  The  Times 
of  June  23 : 

"Vampires  in  the  United  States.  —  The  Norwich  (U. 
S.)  Courier  relates  a  strange  and  almost  incredible  tale 
of  superstition  recently  enacted  at  Jewett  City  in  that 
vicinity.  About  eight  years  ago,  Horace  Ray,  of  Gris- 
wold,  died  of  consumption.  Since  that  time  two  of 
his  children,  grown-up  people,  have  died  of  the  same 
disease  —  the  last  one  dying  some  two  years  since. 
Not  long  ago  the  same  fatal  disease  seized  upon  an- 
other son,  whereupon  it  was  determined  to  exhume 
the  bodies  of  the  two  brothers  already  dead  and  burn 
them,  because  the  dead  were  supposed  to  feed  upon 
the  living  ;  and  so  long  as  the  dead  body  in  the  grave 
remained  in  a  state  of  decomposition,  either  wholly  or 
in  part,  the  surviving  members  of  the  family  must  con- 
tinue to  furnish  the  substance  on  which  the  dead  body 
fed.  Acting  under  the  influence  of  this  strange  and 
blind  superstition,  the  family  and  friends  of  the  de- 
ceased proceeded  to  the  burial-ground  at  Jewett  City 
on  the  8th  instant,  dug  up  the  bodies  of  the  deceased 
brethren,  and  burnt  them  on  the  spot." 

R.V.T. 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  245. 


MISCELLANEOUS    MANUSCRIPTS. 

I  have  had  a  manuscript  book  lent  to  me  con- 
taining the  following  works,  and  I  shall  be  very 
glad  to  be  informed  by  any  of  your  correspondents 
which,  if  any,  are  in  print,  and  where  they  are  to 
be  found :  — 

1.  "  Brevis   Relatio    eorum   qua?   spectant   ad 
declarationem  Sinarum  Imperatoris  Kara  Hi  circa 
coeli  Cumfucii  et  Avorum  cultum,   datam    anno 
1700.      Accedunt    primatum    doetissimorumque 
virorum  et   antiquissirna?  traditionis   Testimonia. 
Opera  P.  P.  Societ.  Jesu    Pebini,  pro  Evangelii 
propagatione  laborantium." 

At  the  foot  of  this  title-page  follows  some 
writing,  which  I  cannot  read,  and  which  I  do  not 
think  you  would  be  able  to  print. 

I  have  endeavoured  to  give  a  fac-simile  of  the 
first  three  parts  of  it ;  the  end  is  evidently  "  by 
Mr.  Hodges." 

2.  "  De  Imputatione  Actualis  Adas  Peccati." 
Reference  is  made  in  the  coTirse  of  this  article, 

which  I  have  not  yet  read,  to  Pighius,  Bellarmini, 
Daniel  Camerius,  Chemnitz,  Calvin,  and  a  host  of 
authors  of  that  celebrity. 

The  first  part  shows  that  not  all  the  Protestant 
churches  have  taught  that  the  actual  sin  of  Adam 
is  imputed  to  us,  both  from  their  own  public  con- 
fessions and  from  the  treatises  of  some  of  the  most 
famous  writers  among  them. 

The  second  part  shows  that  the  ancient  Fathers, 
and  especially  Augustine,  by  no  means  seem  to 
have  recognised  that  hypothesis  concerning  the 
imputation  of  Adam's  sin. 

The  third  part  shows  that  that  hypothesis  con- 
cerning imputation  neither  is  to  be  found  in 
Scripture,  nor  is  of  any  weight  as  regards  piety, 
and  that  therefore  it  ought  by  no  means  to  be 
accounted  and  set  down  among  the  common  public 
articles  of  faith. 

Such  is  the  translation  of  the  heading  of  each 
part.  The  whole  is  in  Latin. 

3.  The  general  assembly  of  the  Chapter  of  the 
Catholick  Church,  held  in  May,  A.D.  1667. 

This  just  states  the  occasion  of  the  assembly; 
then  follows  "  The  Roll  of  Chaptermen  and  officers, 
as  it  stood  at  the  beginning  of  this  assembly." 

Then  follow  the  records  of  the  several  sessions 
of  May  6th,  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  llth,  and  after  that 
rules  for  Dean's,  Treasurer's,  Secretary's,  Vicar- 
General's,  and  Archdeacon's  office. 

It  appears  by  the  signatures  to  be  an  original 
document. 

4.  The  fourth  is  a  catalogue  of  the  library  of 
Isaac  Vossius  :    "  Catalogus  codicum  manuscrip- 
torum  integrioris  notss  et  exactions  curse  in  Bi- 
bliotheca  viri  clarissimi  D.  Isaac!  Vossii." 

5.  The  fifth  is  entitled,  "Memoire  pour  trois 
manuscrits  arabes  nouvellement  apportes  d'orient." 


According  to  this  Memoir  the  MSS.  in  question 
treat  of  the  religion  of  the  Druses,  and  of  their 
laws,  statutes,  and  ordinances,  "  dont  on  n'avait 
point  entendu  parler  jusqu'a  present." 

The  discovery  of  these  MSS.  is  due  to  Sieur 
Nosvallah  Glide,  "natif  de  la  ville  de  Damas, 
medecin  de  profession." 

6.  A  MS.  without    title-page,  on  the  back  of 
which  is  written,   "  MS.  notes  cont.  the  grounds 
of  grammar."     It  contains  a  Latin  grammar,  or 
rather  accidence,  a  good  deal  of  which  is  rude 
rhyme. 

7.  A  MS.  inscribed  on   the  back  "  S.  Chrys. 
Anecd.  in  Bibl.  Bodl.  Ox."  with  the  former  owner's 
name  on  the  top  of  the  first  page  of  the  dedica- 
tion, "  Rev.  Dri  ac  Dns  Dns  Arthuro  Charlett," 
not  in  the  same  hand  as  that  in  which  the  rest  of 
the  MS.  is  written.     This  also  seems  to  be  an 
original  poem.    It  is  a  new  year's  gift  from  Hum- 
fredus  Wanley  to   a  superior  officer  in  his  own 
college,  and  bears  date  Kal.  Jan.    1698-9.     So 
says  the  dedication. 

The  MS.  is  entitled — 

"  nival-  ffvv  S-e<£  TWV  \6ycavKal  £iriffro\£iv  avftcSSTuv 
TOV  ev  ayiois  irarpbs  fifjuav  'Icadvvov  apxieTrHrKSirov  Ko>p- 
(TTavrlvov  ir6\eus  TOV  X.pvcroffT6[j.ov,  rwv  pfXP1  TO"  Vvv 
&v  TJ)  TOV  BoS\fiov  /3t§Ato0^/c7j  'Q£6vriffi  Trepiexofievctiv." 

Then  follows  the  Catalogue,  very  neatly  written, 
giving  the  title  and  the  opening  words  of  the 
several  treatises,  &c.,  which  are  very  numerous, 
and  the  shelf  on  which  each  is  kept. 

8.  A  letter  from  Rome,  dated   at  the  end  of 
May  7,  1687,  containing  an  account  of  the  per- 
secution of  Count  Molinos  by  the  Jesuits.     It  has 
no  name,  but  is  entitled  "  Copie  of  a  letter  from 
H."     It  appears  to  be  a  Catholic  revealing  to  a 
friend  in  England  the  history  of  the  spread  of 
Quietism,  and  the  efforts  made  by  the   Roman 
hierachy  to  keep  it  in  check. 

9.  "  A  Relation  showing  how  Mr.  Lewis  Ramee 
was  detained  in  ye  prisons  of  ye  Inquisition  at 
Mexico  and  in  Spain,  and  concerning  his  happy 
deliverance,  sent  by  himself  to  Madam  de ." 

This  MS.,  which  is  very  interesting  indeed,  and 
full  of  good  spirit,  the  work  of  an  able  man,  has 
an  appendix  of  letters  between  him  and  his  friends 
and  persons  of  authority,  treating  about  his  re- 
lease. -E.  C.  S. 


Boswell  and  Malones  Notes  on  Milton.  —  Have 
the  Boswell  MS.  Notes  on  Milton's  Poems,  edited 
by  Warton,  and  Malone's  MS.  Notes  on  Milton's 
Letters  of  State  between  1649  and  1659,  been  pub- 
lished ?  GABLICHITHE. 

Water-cure  in  1764.  —  The  following  passage 
from  Rousseau's  Confessions,  which  occurs  near 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


29 


the  beginning  of  the  sixth  book  of  the  first  part,  is 
a  sufficiently  curious  illustration  of  "  nothing  new 
under  the  sun,"  to  be  worth  citing  in  1854 : 

"  C'etait  alors  la  mode  de  1'eau  pour  tout  remede ; 
je  me  mis  a  1'eau,  et  si  peu  discretement,  qu'elle  faillit 
me  guerir,  non  de  mes  maux,  mais  de  la  vie." 

Can  any  sweeper  up  of  the  crumbs  of  history 
furnish  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  with  any  par- 
ticulars respecting  this  eighteenth  century  avatar 
of  hydropathy,  its  promoters,  its  methods,  its  du- 
ration ?  or  must  the  water-doctors  before  Priess- 
nitz  be  consigned  to  the  same  limbo  as  the  brave 
before  Agamemnon  ?  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 

Correspondence  between  Pilate  and  Herod,  Sfc. 
—  In  the  Add.  MSS.,  No.  14,609.,  there  is  a  letter 
from  Herod  to  Pilate,  and  another  in  reply,  from 
Pilate  to  Herod.  These  are  followed  by  re- 
ferences to  Justin  Martyr,  and  one  Theodorus, 
who  wrote  to  Pilate  about  Christ.  Is  the  alleged 
correspondence  here  alluded  to  elsewhere  to  be 
found,  or  found  mentioned  ?  The  documents 
above  referred  to  are  in  the  Syriac  language. 

B.  H.  C. 

The  Architect  of  the  Monastery  of  Batalha  in 
Portugal.  —  Murphy,  in  his  well-known  work  on 
this  noble  fifteenth  century  structure,  states  that 
its  architect  was  "David  Hacket,  an  Irishman," 
and  gives  as  his  authority  Joze  Scares  da  Sylva, 
who  in  his  Mem.  del  Rey  D.  Joano  1°,  torn.  ii. 
p.  533.,  refers  to  "  one  of  the  memoirs  of  F.  An- 
tonio da  Madureira,  a  Dominican  friar,  and  a 
celebrated  genealogist."  I  should  feel  much 
obliged  for  information  as  to  the  latter  writer. 
First,  as  to  writings,  whether  they  are  in  print  or 
not  ?  Secondly,  if  so,  whether  the  David  Hacket 
above  referred  to  was  a  native  of  Kilkenny,  and 
identical  with  a  prelate  of  the  same  name  who 
filled  the  see  of  Ossory  from  1460  to  1479  ? 

JAMES  GRAVES. 

Kilkenny. 

Stoneham.  —  Can  any  one  furnish  me  with  a 
pedigree  of,  or  any  information  concerning  the 
family  of  this  name  ?  Is  it  connected  with  the 
villages  (I  believe)  of  Stoneham-on  and  under- 
the-Hill,  in  Sussex  ?  G.  WILLIAM  SKYRING. 

Somerset  House. 

Chinese  Language.  —  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents inform  me  as  to  the  best  method  of 
studying  the  Chinese  language  ?  What  are  the 
best  works  on  the  subject  ?  Where,  and  at  what 
price,  may  these  works  be  obtained  ? 

L.  H.  WALTERS. 

Amelia,  Daughter  of  George  II.  —  Are  there 
any  records  or  documents  that  may  be  referred 
to  of  the  appointments  to  the  household  of  the 


Princess  Amelia,  daughter  of  George  II.,  and 
aunt  of  George  III.  ?  LEVERET. 

"  Virtue  and  Vice."  —  A  Treatise  in  Prose  and 
Verse,  or  Virtue  and  Vice,  was  published  in  1783, 
8vo.  pp.  320 : 

"  It  may  be  necessary  and  proper,"  says  the  anony- 
mous author,  "  to  let  the  uncandid  reader  know  of  a 
truth,  before  he  reads  the  following  reflections,  that  if 
every  man  had  been  like  the  writer  (touching  the  sub- 
ject-matter of  this  book),  in  sentiments  and  conduct, 
there  never  would  have  been  a  Dalilah  upon  the  earth." 

He  treats  his  subject  in  an  extraordinary  way, 
and  I  should  like  to  know  who  the  immaculate 
man  was.  J.  O. 

Duchesse  D' 'Abrantes.  —  Having  been  reading 
the  memoirs  of  Madame  Junot,  Duchess  D'A- 
brantes,  I  am  anxious  to  know  whether  the  fol- 
lowing paragraph  in  the  Athenceum  of  January  7 
(No.  1367.  p.  25.)  relates  to  that  individual,  and, 
if  so,  what  authority  there  is  for  the  statement. 
The  AthencEurn,  in  speaking  of  the  hideous  con- 
trasts in  Paris,  quotes  Father  Prout,  saying,  — 

"  '  Paris !  gorgeous  abode  of  the  gay.    Paris  !  haunt  of 
despair.' 

Where  Balzac  laid  the  scene  of  his  fictitious  Pere 
Goriot,  and  where  the  brilliant  Duchess  D'Abrantes 
—  in  her  time  the  extravagant  queen  of  a  gay  salon  — 
ended  her  days  in  a  common  hospital." 

M.  D. 
Great  Yarmouth.  . 

"Perf.de  Albion!"  —  What  was  the  origin,  or 
the  occasion  of  Napoleon's  compliment  to  Eng- 
land, when  he  named  her  "  perfide  Albion  ?  " 

G.  T.  H. 

Polygamy  among  the  Turks.  —  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  inform  me  what  is  the  actual  con- 
dition of  the  Turks  with  respect  to  polygamy  ? 
Is  it  only  the  privilege  of  the  wealthy?  or,  if  more 
general,  whence  the  supply  of  wives  ?  In  other 
nations  there  is  no  great  disparity  in  the  numbers 
of  the  sexes.  G.  T.  H. 

Edward  I.  —  What  is  the  evidence  for  an  in- 
formation, which  I  once  obtained  from  a  very 
trustworthy  historian,  that  the  name  of  Edward  1. 
had  been  inscribed  on  the  books  of  the  University 
of  Padua  ?  and  when  and  by  whom  is  this  great 
prince  first  called  the  English  Justinian  ?  a. 

"  Nagging"  —  Whence  is  this  word  derived  ? 
Is  it  to  be  found  in  any  dictionary  ?  Is  it  a  cor- 
ruption of  hnacking  ?  Is  there  any  authority  for 
the  use  of  the  word  ?  G. 

Constantinople.  —  Where  is  to  be  found  the 
prophecy,  in  every  one's  mouth,  that  the  Turks 
will  hold  Constantinople  for  four  centuries  ? 

NEMO. 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  245. 


Minor 

Milton's  Amour.  —  Is  the  name  and  family  of 
the  lady  of  wit  and  beauty,  to  whom  Milton  paid 
attentions  of  a  tender  nature,  during  his  temporary 
separation  from  his  first  wife,  known  ? 

GAELICHITHE. 

[Mr.  Mitford,  in  his  "  Life  of  Milton,"  prefixed  to 
his  Works,  vol.  i.  p.  Iviii.,  notices  the  poet's  attentions 
to  the  fair  sex  at  this  period:  —  "The  golden  reins 
of  discipline  and  government  in  the  Church  being  now 
let  loose,  Milton  proceeded  to  put  in  practice  the  doc- 
trine which  he  advocated,  and  seriously  paid  his  ad- 
dresses to  a  very  accomplished  and  beautiful  young 
lady,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Davis ;  the  lady,  however, 
hesitated,  and  was  not  easily  to  be  persuaded  into  the 
•lawfulness  of  the  proposal,  which  fortunately  termi- 
nated in  effecting  a  happy  reconciliation  with  the 
•offending  and  discarded  wife."  In  a  note,  Mr.  Mit- 
ford farther  states  that  "  during  the  desertion  of  his 
wife,  Milton  frequented  the  society  of  the  Lady  Mar- 
garet Leigh,  a  person  of  distinction  and  accomplish- 
ment. To  Lady  Ranelagh,  the  favourite  sister  of  the 
illustrious  Boyle,  in  his  later  years  he  was  gratefully 
attached.  He  says  of  her  to  her  son,  who  had  been 
his  pupil,  '  Nam  et  mini  omnium  necessitudinum  loco 
fuit.'  The  reader  will  be  referred  with  pleasure,  on 
the  mention  of  this  illustrious  lady,  to  Mr.  Crossley's 
learned  and  interesting  Diary  of  Dr.  Worthington, 
p.  124.  &c."] 

President  of  St.  Johns.  —  Who  was  President 
of  St.  John's,  Oxford,  in  1721  ?  And  is  any 
printed  sermon  by  him  extant,  in  which  the  fol- 
lowing passage  occurs  ? 

"  And  the  Church  of  England  has  the  peculiar  mis- 
fortune, under  the  profession  of  the  purest  faith,  to  see 
them  made  teachers  and  governors  in  her  communion, 
who  either  deny  or  betray  all  the  great  articles  of  the 
Christian  religion.  But  it  is  to  be  remembered  that 
these  men,  though  at  present  vitally  united  to  it,  as 
extraneous  adventitious  particles  to  the  human  body, 
we  have  been  speaking  of,  yet  are  not  of  the  essence  of 
it,  nor  enter  into  its  identity  ;  and  when  at  last  they 
are  dropt  from  it,  it  may  be  hoped  there  may  le  a  glorious 
resurrection  wit/tout  them  !  " 

T.A.T. 

Florence. 

[Dr.  William  Delaune  was  President  of  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  in  1721  ;  and  daring  that  year  pub- 
lished a  sermon  on  Original  Sin.  We  have  glanced 
through  that  sermon,  as  well  as  twelve  others  published 
by  him,  but  cannot  discover  the  passage  quoted  above.] 

John  Buncle.  —  Who  wrote  the  Autobiography 
of  John  Buncle,  Esq.,  in  two  vols.,  London,  1766  ? 
I  presume  the  name  to  be  a  fictitious  one.  If  not, 
who  was  John  Buncle,  and  what  particulars  about 
him  are  known  ?  The  book  in  question  is  an  ex- 
ceedingly strange  one  in  many  ways.  A  more  or 
less  connected  narrative  is  made  the  thread  on 
which  are  strung  a  variety  of  theological  discus- 


sions, by  no  means  remarkable  for  good  taste  in 
their  manner,  or  orthodoxy  in  their  matter. 
Mingled  with  these  are  a  suite  of  the  most  auda- 
ciously improbable  adventures,  all  related  in  the 
most  simple  matter-of-fact  manner  ;  the  principal 
scene  of  which  is  represented  to  have  been  that 
part  of  Yorkshire  called  Richmondshire.  Among 
a  variety  of  strange  and  unaccountable  statements, 
the  following  struck  me  as  remarkable  —  as  a  re- 
markable fact  that  is,  or  as  a  remarkable  lie.  He 
speaks  of  the  "grandson  of  the  great  primate 
Usher,  and  the  only  remaining  person  of  the 
archbishop's  family,"  as  "  the  most  violent  papist 
I  ever  saw.  I  knew  the  man,"  he  proceeds  to  say, 
"  in  Dublin,  and  have  never  heard  so  outrageous 
a  Catholic  as  he  was.  He  said,  to  my  astonish- 
ment, that  his  grandfather  was  a  great  light,  but 
burnt  with  his  head  downwards  in  this  world,  till 
he  dropped  into  hell  in  the  next."  Was  Usher's 
grandson  the  only  remaining  member  of  the  pri- 
mate's family  ?  Was  he  a  Roman  Catholic  ?  and 
was  he  a  man  likely  to  have  uttered  the  above 
atrocity  ?  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 

[The  author  of  this  work  is  the  eccentric  Thomas 
Amory,  who  appears  to  have  travelled  in  search  of 
Socinians,  as  Don  Quixotte  in  search  of  chivalrous 
adventures,  and  probably  from  a  similar  degree  of  in- 
sanity. In  1755  he  published  Memoirs:  containing  the 
Lives  of  several  Ladies  of  Great  Britain.  The  charac- 
ters of  these  ladies  are  truly  ridiculous,  and  probably 
the  offspring  of  fiction.  They  are  not  only  beautiful, 
learned,  ingenious,  and  religious,  but  they  are  all  zealous 
Socinians  in  a  very  high  degree  of  heterodoxy.  At  the 
end  of  these  Memoirs  he  promised  a  continuation  of 
them,  which  was  to  contain  what  the  public  would 
then  have  received  with  great  satisfaction,  and  certainly 
would  still,  should  the  MSS.  luckily  remain  extant, 
namely,  "  An  Account  of  two  very  extraordinary  per- 
sons, Dean  Swift  and  Mrs.  Constantia  Grierson."  "  As 
to  the  Dean,"  he  says,  "  we  have  four  histories  of  him 
lately  published  :  to  wit,  by  Lord  Orrery,  the  Observer 
on  Lord  Orrery,  Deane  Swift,  Esq.,  and.  Mrs.  Pilking- 
ton."  Of  course  these  pieces  are  all  imperfect  and  very 
unsatisfactory  ;  but  he  adds,  "  I  think  I  can  draw  his 
character,  not  from  his  writings,  but  from  my  own  near 
observations  of  the  man.  I  knew  him  well,  though  I 
never  was  within  sight  of  his  house,  because  I  could 
not  flatter,  cringe,  or  meanly  humour  the  extrava- 
gancies of  any  man.  I  am  sure  I  knew  him  better 
than  any  of  those  friends  he  entertained  twice  a  week 
at  the  deanery,  Stella  excepted.  I  had  him  often  to 
myself  in  his  rides  and  walks,  and  have  studied  his 
soul  when  he  little  thought  what  I  was  about.  As  I 
lodged  for  a  year  within  a  few  doors  of  him,  I  knew  his 
times  of  going  out  to  a  minute,  and  generally  nicked 
the  opportunity.  I  knew  the  excellencies  and  defects 
of  his  understanding  ;  and  the  picture  I  have  drawn  of 
his  mind,  you  shall  see  in  the  Appendix  aforesaid.  As 
to  Mrs.  Grierson,  Mr.  Ballard's  account  of  her  in  his 
Memoirs  of  some  English  Ladies,  lately  published,  is  not 
worth  a  rush  !"  This  Appendix  was  never  published, 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


to  the  great  loss  of  Disraeli  and  his  Curiosities  of 
Literattire.  Amory  is  said  to  have  been  educated  for 
a  physician,  but  is  not  known  to  have  ever  practised. 
He  appears,  from  his  works,  to  have  been  evidently 
deranged.  He  died  in  1788,  aged  ninety-seven.  There 
are  two  or  three  letters  relative  to  the  family,  and  the 
eccentric  habits  of  this  individual,  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  vols.  Iviii.  and  lix.  A  good  biographical 
sketch  of  him  is  given  in  Chalmers'  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary, s.  v.3 

John  Zephaniah  Holwell.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  where  John  Zephaniah  Hol- 
well, Esq.,  who  died  at  Pinner  in  1798,  was  buried, 
and  if  any  monument  has  been  erected  to  his 
memory?  His  narrative  of  his  sufferings  in  1758 
is  well  known.  In  De  La  Motte's  heraldic  work, 
printed  in  1803,  he  is  described  as  of  Walton  in 
Surrey.  I  have  been  some  time  collecting  all  I 
can  about  the  worthies  of  this  parish,  and  have 
searched  in  vain  in  the  registers  for  his  name. 
His  age  too  is  a  matter  of  doubt ;  as,  in  the  Annual 
Register,  I  find  that  he  died  in  his  one  hundred 
and  first  year,  while  the  Gent.  Mag.  makes  him 
ninety-eight ;  and  the  Handbook  of  Harrow  states 
that  he  was  born  in  Dublin,  Sept.  17,  1711,  and 
died  Nov.  5,  1798.  F.  G.  W. 

Pinner. 

[We  would  recommend  a  search  to  be  made  in  the 
registers  of  Fulham,  as  Faulkner,  in  his  History, 
p.  349.,  states  that  Zephaniah  Holwell  was  buried  in 
that  churchyard,  A.  D.  3771;  but  this  is  clearly  an 
error,  as  Lysons'  Environs,  vol.  ii.  p.  412.,  more  cor- 
rectly notices  that  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Zephaniah  Hol- 
well, Esq.,  was  buried  there  in  1771.] 

Leases. — Will  one  of  your  readers,  learned  in 
the  law,  be  good  enough  to  explain  why  leases  are 
granted  for  99  years,  or  999  years,  rather  than  for 
100  years  or  1000  years?  Is  there  some  technical 
reason  for  this,  and  where  can  an  explanation  of 
it  be  found  ?  E.  II.  H. 

[There  is  no  sound  technical  or  legal  reason.  The 
estate  would  be  of  the  same  nature  if  the  terms  were 
for  100  and  1000  years  respectively  as  99  or  999.  It 
is  a  custom  to  have  the  odd  number,  which  has  arisen 
from  some  old  notion  that  1000  years  was  equal  to  a 
freehold,  and  that  ]  00  years  was  too  long  for  a  build- 
ing-lease.] 


TWO   BROTHERS  OF  THE  SAME    CHRISTIAN   NAME. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  125.) 

A  correspondent  of  yours  has  written  on  the 
above  subject,  in  which  he  brought  forward  in- 
stances of  two  brothers  of  the  same  Christian 
name ;  but  those  mentioned  by  him  are  of  rather 
a  remote  period.  The  only  instance  of  compara- 
tively recent  date  that  I  can  mention,  is  the  Mor- 


gans, of  Tredegar  Park,  near  Newport,  Mon- 
mouthshire. The  late  Sir  Charles  Morgan  had 
two  sons  of  the  same  Christian  name,  viz.,  Charles 
Morgan  Robinson  Morgan,  the  present  Baronet, 
and  Charles  Octavius  S  winner  ton  Morgan,  M.  P. 
for  Monmouthshire.  Perhaps  an  objection  may 
be  made  to  the  above,  as  the  Morgans  have  in- 
termediate names,  whereby  they  are  distinguished. 
But  on  the  other  hand,  at  the  time  when  those 
persons  lived,  that  are  mentioned  by  your  Chester 
correspondent,  two  or  more  names  were  then  never 
given  to  a  child  at  baptism.  J.  D.  LTJCAS. 

Bristol. 

About  sixteen  years  ago,  having  occasion  to 
inquire  of  John  Tod  as  to  his  circumstances  and 
family,  he  informed  me  that  he  had  thirteen 
children,  seven  of  whom  were  sons,  each  named 
John,  five  of  them  then  living ;  and  of  six  daugh- 
ters then  alive,  three  were  named  Parnell. 

H.  EDWARDS. 

An  instance  of  this  kind  will  be  found  in  the 
noble  family  of  Hawkins. — Vide  Burke's  Peerage 
and  Baronetage,  p.  496.  edit.  1848.  W.  W. 

Malta. 

To  the  instances  of  two  brothers  with  the  same 
Christian  name  already  given,  add  that  of  Edmund 
Verney,  tried  for  his  share  in  Dudley's  conspiracy, 
June  11,  1556,  whose  brother,  Sir  Edmund  Ver- 
ney, of  Penley,  Knight,  was  his  heir. — See  pedigree 
m*Letters  and  Papers  of  the  Verney  Family,  pub- 
lished by  the  Camden  Soc. ;  also  page  78.  of  the 
same.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Bottesford  Moors,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

An  ancient  instance  of  this  occurs  in  a  grant 
made  by  Robert  de  Vallibus,  to  Castleacre  Priory, 
as  early,  probably,  as  the  reign  of  William  Rufus 
or  Henry  I.  He  thereby  grants  a  mill  in  Pentney, 
and  other  property,  to  the  Priory,  for  the  health 
of  himself,  his  wife,  and  his  sons,  and  for  the  souls 
of  his  father  and  mother,  and  of  his  brother, 
Robert  Pinguis,  and  of  the  rest  of  his  brethren,  to 
wit,  Gilbert  and  Hubert.  Pinguis  was  probably 
a  bye-name,  given  to  the  second  Robert,  to  dis- 
tinguish him  from  his  brother  of  the  same  name. 

ANOTT. 

Your  correspondent,  who  refers  to  Lodge's 
Peerage "for  instances  of  two  brothers  in  families 
having  the  same  name,  quotes  the  names  of  the 
sons  of  the  Marquis  of  Ormonde,  all  of  whom 
bear  the  Christian  name  of  James.  He  might 
have  added  the  fact,  from  the  same  source,  of  all 
the  sons  of  the  Duke  of  Portland  bearing  that 
of  William.  This  is  presumed  to  have  been  in 
honour  of  William,  Prince  of  Orange  (afterwards 
William  III.  of  England),  by  whom  the  family 
was  first  ennobled.  Perhaps  the  name  of  James, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  245. 


in  the  Ormonde  family,  has  been  adopted  in 
honour  of  the  monarch  whom  William  dethroned. 
From  the  same  authority  it  will  also  be  seen  that 
not  only  are  all  the  sons  of  the  late  Earl  of 
Carlisle  named  George,  but  all  the  daughters 
Georgiana.  ANON. 


ARMORIAJL. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  398.) 

I  have  searched  for  the  coats  mentioned  by 
CID,  without  being  able  to  find  more  than  two  of 
them,  which  are,  1.  Brendesley,  Per  pale  or  and 
sable  (I  could  not  find  a  coat  sable  and  or),  a 
chevron  between  three  escallops  counterchanged. 
2.  Mackmorough.  Gules,  a  lion  rampant  argent. 
There  are  many  coats  quarterly  per  fess  indented, 
but  not  one  of  the  colours  named :  the  same 
remark  applies  to  the  three  conies. 

The  case  put  by  the  same  correspondent  is  one 
not  to  be  easily  answered  by  an  amateur  herald 
or  a  non-professional  writer.  My  first  impression 
was  that,  except  by  the  will  of  A.,  his  arms  could 
not  be  borne  legally  by  his  daughter's  children, 
her  husband  being  no  gentleman  of  coat  armour. 
And  for  this  reason  ;  he,  bearing  no  arms,  could 
neither  impale  those  of  his  wife,  nor  bear  them 
on  an  escutcheon  of  pretence.  Much  less  then 
could  he  transmit  them  to  his  issue. 

I  expected  to  find  that  some  of  our  learned 
writers  would  solve  the  question,  and  spent  some 
time  in  searching  the  pages  of  Gwillim,  Gerard, 
Legh,  Nisbet,  Berry,  Robson,  the  Glossary,  and  a 
host  of  smaller  fry,  without  success.  At  length  I 
met  with  a  copy  of  the  MS.  (preserved  in  the 
College  of  Arms)  of  the  indefatigable  Glover,  en- 
titled Rules  for  the  dewe  quartering  of  Arms.  The 
eighth  of  these  Rules  states  that  — 

"  If  an  inheritrix  marrie  a  man  that  bearith  no 
armes,  her  issue  by  that  husband  shall  not  bear  the  j 
mother's  father's  armes,  because  the  heires  of  inherit- 
ance be  only  permitted  to  quarter  the  armes  of  her 
ancestors  with  his  owne,  which  he  having  none,  cannot 
do  ;  and  if  he  should  bear  them  alone  as  his  own  proper  j 
coate  of  name,  it  were  an  injury  to  the  issue  male  of 
her  ancestors,  which  is  not  to  be  permitted  or  suffered  : 
bot  iff  at  any  tyme  either  the  husband  of  such  in- 
heritance or  any  her  issues  by  him  have  armes  to  them 
given,  then  may  they  lawfully  quarter  their  father's 
arms  therewith." 

In  the  case  before  us  there  is  certainly  this 
slight  difference,  that  A.  is  said  to  have  been  the 
last  and  only  representative  of  his  family,  where- 
fore there  could  be  no  "  injury  to  the  issue  male  " 
of  his  daughter's  ancestors;  but  the  adoption  of 
his  arms  by  B.'s  descendants  would  be  likely  to 
bring  contempt  upon  both  them  and  the  "gentle 
science  of  armorie."  BROCTCNA. 

Bury,  Lancashire. 


It  would  be,  I  believe,  quite  irregular  for  the 
issue  of  B.  to  use  the  arms,  quarterings,  crest, 
and  motto  of  A.  under  the  circumstances  stated. 
The  proper  course  to  be  adopted  is  for  the  issue 
of  B.  (who  are  said  to  have  no  arms  of  their  own) 
to  apply  to  the  Heralds'  College  for  a  grant  of 
arms  ;  they  will  then  be  in  a  legal  position  to  bear 
the  arms  and  quarterings  of  A.  quarterly  with 
their  own  family  arms,  assuming  that  A.  had  a 
legal  right  to  them  himself,  which,  as  "  being  the 
representative  of  an  ancient  family,"  most  pro- 
bably he  had.  C.  J. 


INN   SIGNS,    ETC. 

(VoLix.,  pp.  148.251.) 

"  Chequers.  —  During  the  Middle  Ages  it  was  usual 
for  merchants,  accountants,  and  judges,  who  arranged 
matters  of  revenue,  to  appear  on  a  covered  '  bane,'  so 
called  from  an  old  Saxon  word  meaning  a  seat  (hence 
our  bank).  Before  them  was  placed  a  flat  surface, 
divided  by  parallel  white  lines  into  perpendicular  co- 
lumns; these  again  divided  transversely  by  lines  crossing 
the  former,  so  as  to  separate  each  column  into  squares. 
This  table  was  called  an  exchequer,  from  its  resemblance 
to  a  chess-board,  and  the  calculations  were  made  by 
counters  placed  on  its  several  divisions  (something 
after  the  manner  of  the  Roman  abacus).  A  money- 
changer's office  was  generally  indicated  by  a  sign  of 
the  chequered  board  suspended.  This  sign  afterwards 
came  to  indicate  an  inn  or  house  of  entertainment, 
probably  from  the  circumstance  of  the  innkeeper  also 
following  the  trade  of  money-changer;  a  coincidence 
still  very  common  in  seaport  towns."  —  Dr.  Lardner's 
Arithmetic,  p.  44. 

A.  A.  D. 

In  reply  to  your  correspondent  S.  A.,  I  beg  to 
inform  him  that  wine-shops  with  the  sign  of  the 
chequers  were  by  no  means  uncommon  in  Italy. 
Two  such  were  recently  excavated  at  Pompeii. 
A  temple  dedicated  to  Isis,  the  fabled  wife  of 
Osiris,  who  corresponded  to  the  Ceres,  as  her 
husband  to  the  Bacchus  of  the  Romans,  was  dis- 
interred at  the  same  place  ;  but  what  the  symbol 
represents  has  never  been  clearly  discovered. 
Some  suppose  it  to  bear  the  same  signification  as 
it  properly  does  in  England,  viz.  a  licence  to  the 
frequenters  of  that  house  to  play  at  dice  or  similar 
games  of  chance.  A.  F. 

Oxford. 

Many  years  since,  while  on  a  tour  in  Cornwall, 
I  remember  seeing  on  the  signboard  of  the  inn 
at  Sennen,  a  small  village  near  the  Land's  End, 
en  one  side  "  The  First  Inn  in  England,"  and  on 
the  other  "  The  Last  Inn  in  England." 

HENRY  STEPHENS. 

Your  correspondent  G.  W.  THORNBURY  says 
the  Goat  with  the  Golden  Boots  is  from  the  Dutch 
"  Goed  in  der  Gooden  Boote,"  Mercury,  or  the 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


33 


God  in  the  Golden  Boots :  if  the  exotic  words  be- 
long to  any  language,  it  is  not  the  Dutch,  as  I  am 
sure  your  friendly  cotemporary  De  Navorscher 
will  tell  you.  J.  K. 

"  Green  Man  and  Still.  —  In  the  sign  of  the  '  Green 
Man  and  Still,'  we  perceive  a  huntsman,  in  a  green 
coat,  standing  by  the  side  of  a  still  ,•  in  allusion,  as  it 
has  been  facetiously  conjectured,  to  the  partiality 
shown  by  that  description  of  gentry  to  a  morning 
dram.  The  genuine  representation,  however,  should 
be  the  green  man  (or  man  who  deals  in  green  herbs), 
with  a  bundle  of  peppermint  or  penny-royal  under 
his  arm,  which  he  brings  to  be  distilled." — Ritson's 
Life  of  Robin  Hood,  notes  and  illustrations  (N.)  5. 

THOMPSON  COOPER. 
Cambridge. 

Ma.  THORNBURT  derives  "Pig  and  Whistle" 
from  "  Peg  and  Wassail  Bowl,"  which  appears  to 
me  equally  unintelligible.  May  I  suggest  that  it 
is  a  corruption  of  "  Pyx  and  Housel  ? "  I  need 
hardly  mention  that  the  Pyx  is  the  small  chest  or 
box,  in  which  the  Housel  or  Host  is  reserved  by 
the  Roman  Catholics.  G.  A.  T. 

While  stopping  for  refreshment,  during  a  country 
ramble  the  other  day,  at  "  The  Maypole  " — on  the 
confines  of  Hainault  Forest  —  immortalised  in 
Barndby  Rudge,  I  observed  the  following  lines  over 
the  fire-place : 

"  All  you  who  stand 
Before  the  fire, 
I  pray  sit  down  ; 
It 's  my  desire, 
That  other  folks 

As  well  as  you, 
May  see  the  fire 
And  feel  it  too!" 

"  N.B. — My  liquors  good, 

My  measures  just ; 
Excuse  me,  sirs, 
I  cannot  trust ! " 

Over  the  stable-door  were  the  following : 
"  Whoever  smokes  tobacco  here, 

Shall  forfeit  sixpence  to  spend  in  beer ; 
Your  pipes  lay  by,  when  you  come  here, 
Or  fire  to  me  may  prove  severe." 

TYE. 

At  Wadsley  Bridge,  in  the  parish  of  Ecclesfield, 
there  is  this  motto  to  the  sign  of  "  The  Gate :" 

"  This  Gate  hangs  well  and  hinders  none: 
Refresh,  and  pay,  and  travel  on." 

ALFRED  GATTT. 

The  following  lines  occur  beneath  the  sign  of  a 
Lion  in  this  State  : 

"  The  lion  roars,  but  do  not  fear ; 
Cakes  and  beer  sold  here." 

UNEDA. 
Philadelphia. 


LESLIE    AND    DR.    MIDDLETON. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  324.  575.) 

The  reference  to  Blackwood's  Magazine,  for 
which  I  am  obliged  to  J.  O.  B,,  enables  me  to 
trace  the  imputation  on  Middleton  to  a  distin- 
guished writer.  The  article,  entitled  "  Cicero," 
is  reprinted  in  the  second  volume  of  the  Boston 
edition  of  Mr.  De  Quincey's  Historical  Essays. 

Some  years  ago  I  bought  all  books  on  "The 
Miraculous  Powers  Controversy"  that  fell  in  my 
way,  and  read  many  of  them  ;  but  neither  among 
the  cotemporary  adversaries  of  Middleton,  nor  in 
his  own  writings,  can  I  find  any  trace  of  its  having 
been  said  that  "  he  sought  for  twenty  years  some 
historical  facts  which  might  conform  to  Leslie's 
four  conditions,  and  yet  evade  Leslie's  logic." 
Mr.  De  Quincey  cites  no  authority.  There  may 
be  some,  and  I  shall  gladly  receive  any  farther 
assistance  on  the  question. 

Mr.  De  Quincey  treats  Middleton  with  great 
severity.  He  begins  with  "  Conyers  Middleton  is 
a  name  that  cannot  be  mentioned  without  dis- 
gust;" and  ascribes  his  partiality  to  Cicero  to  a 
hatred  of  Christianity,  which  induced  him  to  de- 
pict a  heathen  with  all  virtues.  He  says  : 

"  He  (Middleton)  wished  to  have  it  believed  that 
he  was  worse  than  he  seemed,  and  that  he  would  be  a 
fort  esprit  of  a  high  cast,  but  for  the  bigotry  of  his 
church.  It  was  a  fine  thing  to  have  the  credit  of  in- 
fidelity without  paying  for  a  license  to  sport  over  those 
manors  without  a  qualification." 

Is  there  any  foundation  for  this  charge  ?  I 
doubt  whether  the  principal  librarian  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge  would  ever  have  thought 
it  desirable  "  to  be  believed  worse  than  he  was," 
or  "a  fine  thing"  to  be  credited  with  a  large 
amount  of  infidelity. 

"  Conyers  Middleton  held  considerable  preferment  in 
the  Church  of  England.  Long  after  he  had  become  an 
enemy  to  that  church  (not  separately  for  itself,  but  as 
a  strong  form  of  Christianity ),  he  continued  to  receive 
large  quarterly  cheques  upon  a  bank  in  Lombard  Street, 
of  which  the  original  condition  had  been  that  he  should 
defend  Christianity  with  all  his  soul  and  with  all  his 
strength." 

As  to  the  "  large  preferment,"  all  I  can  find 
about  it  is  the  following  from  the  Penny  Cyclo- 
pcedia,  art.  MIDDLETON  : 

"He  died  at  Hildersham  on  the  28th  July,  1750. 
He  accepted,  shortly  before  his 'death,  a  small  living  from 
Sir  John  Frederick.  His  subscription  to  the  Thirty- 
Nine  Articles  was  represented  by  his  enemies,  but 
whether  truly  or  not  it  is  difficult  to  say,  as  hypo- 
critical and  insincere." 

Allowance  may  be  made  for  inaccuracies  which 
escape  a  writer's  attention  in  the  hurry  of  com- 
posing a  brilliant  magazine  article,  but  they  should 
be  set  right  in  reprints.  That  this  has  not  been 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


[No.  245. 


done  in  the  American  edition  of  Mr.  De  Quincey's 
works,  I  have  shown  ("  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  26.), 
and  perhaps  the  above  will  be  thought  to  the  same 
effect.  A  much  graver  charge  of  misrepresent- 
ation, uncorrected  in  the  English  edition,  may  be 
seen  in  Mr.  Henderson's  Sketch  of  Kanfs  Life 
and  Works  (p.  Ixxv.),  prefixed  to  the  translation 
of  Victor  Cousin's  Philosophy  of  Kant.  H.  B.  C. 
U.  U.  Club. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

[The  following  documents  will,  we  believe,  be  perused 
with  great  interest  at  the  present  moment,  and  be  here- 
after regarded  as  valuable  materials  towards  the  History 
of  Photography,] 

Rev.  J.  B.  EEADE,  on  Mr.  H.  Fox  Talbofs  Claim  to  the 
Priority  of  Discovery  of  the  Use  of  Gallic  Acid  in  Pho- 
tography. 

Stone  Vicarage,  Aylesbury,  June  24,  1854. 

Dear  Sir, — On  my  return  home  after  some  days'  ab- 
sence, I  find  my  attention  called  to  an  extract  from  your 
affidavit  referring  to  my  use  of  infusion  of  galls  as  a  pho- 
togenic agent.  I  feel  it  due  to  you  to  state  without 
delay,  that  there  is  abundant  proof  of  my  use  of  infusion 
of  galls  for  the  purposes  mentioned  in  your  specification, 
and  of  my  publication  of  it  as  forming  "  a  very  sensitive 
argentine  preparation  "  two  years  before  your  patent  was 
sealed.  Ever  since  the  publication  'of  an  extract  from 
my  letter  to  Mr.  Brayley  in  the  North  British  Review  for 
August  1847,  which,  from  the  tenor  of  your  affidavit,  I 
conclude  that  you  never  saw,  my  claim  has  been  fully  re- 
cognised in  several  of  the  popular  manuals.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  quotation  from  one  published  by  Willats:  — 
"  The  Calotype  or  Talbotype  is,  as  we  have  already  men- 
tioned, the  invention  of  Mr.  Fox  Talbot,  or  is  claimed  by 
him."  To  this  the  editor  adds  the  following  note :  —  "So 
early  as  April  1839  the  Eev.  J.  B.  Reade  made  a  sensitive 
paper  by  using  infusion  of  galls  after  nitrate  of  silver :  by 
this  process  Mr.  Reade  obtained  several  drawings  of  mi- 
croscopic objects  by  means  of  the  solar  microscope ;  the 
drawings  were  taken  before  the  paper  was  dry.  In  a  com- 
munication to  Mr.  Brayley,  Mr.  Reade  proposed  the  use 
of  gallate  or  tannate  of  silver ;  and  Mr.  Brayley,  in  his 
public  lectures  in  April  and  May,  explained  the  process 
and  exhibited  the  chemical  combinations  which  Mr. 
Eeade  proposed  to  use." 

You  may  perhaps  have  forgotten  that,  at  the  Meeting 
of  the  British  Association  at  Oxford,  I  had  a  short  con- 
versation with  you  on  your  own  coloured  photographs. 
I  introduced  myself  to  you  as  a  relative  of  j'our  friend 
and  neighbour,  Sir  John  Awdry,  and  I  informed  you  that 
I  had  used  infusion  of  galls  for  microscopic  photographs 
and  fixed  with  hyposulphite  of  soda,  before  you  took  out 
your  patent. 

The  effect  of  gallic  acid  or  the  infusion  of  galls  in  de- 
veloping an  invisible  image  was  discovered  accidentally  by 
me,  as  I  believe  it  was  also  by  yourself,  and  it  is  certain 
that  no  one  could  use  this  photogenic  agent  as  we  have 
done  without  discovering  one  of  its  chief  properties.  I 
may  state  that  I  have  often  been  asked  to  oppose  your 
patent ;  but  I  had  no  wish  to  meddle  with  law,  or  to 
interfere  with  the  high  reputation  which  your  discovery 
of  a  process,  named  after  yourself,  secured  to  you,  by 
which  "paper  could  be  made  so  sensitive  that  it  was 
darkened  in  five  or  six  seconds  when  held  close  to  a  wax 
candle,  and  gave  impressions  of  leaves  by  the  light  of  the 
moon."  This  however  was  both  subsequent  to  my  own 
use  of  gallate  of  silver,  of  which  you  appear  never  to 


have  heard,  and  also  essentially  dependent  upon  it.  My 
nitro-gallate  paper,  which  I  used  successfully  with  the 
solar  microscope,  the  camera,  and  an  Argand  lamp,  was 
far  more  sensitive  than  any  which  preceded  it;  and  I 
considered  the  important  question  of  fixation  to  be  set  at 
rest  by  the  use  of  hj'posulphite  of  soda,  which  I  have  no 
doubt  you  employ  yourself  in  preference  to  your  own 
fixer,  the  bromide  of  potassium.  In  fact,  by  my  process, 
which,  as  I  state  in  my  letter  to  Mr.  Brayley,  was  the 
result  of  numberless  experiments,  the  important  problem 
was  solved,  inasmuch  as  good  pictures  could  be  rapidly 
taken  and  permanently  fixed.  My  principal  instrument 
was'  the  solar  microscope ;  and  while  you  failed,  as  you 
state  in  your  first  paper  at  the  Royal  Society,  to  obtain 
even  an  impression  after  an  hour's  exposure,  and  were 
disposed  to  give  up  this  experiment  in  despair,  though 
you  afterwards  obtained  small  pictures  in  about  a  quarter 
of  an  hour,  I  had  succeeded  in  producing  and  developing 
at  one  operation  of  less,  and  sometimes  much  less  than 
five  minutes'  duration,  the  beautiful  Solar  Mezzotints,  as 
I  termed  them,  varying  in  size  from  50  to  150  diameters, 
which  were  exhibited  in  1839  at  the  Marquis  of  North- 
ampton's, and  at  the  London  and  Walthamstow  Institu- 
tions ;  and  some  in  the  spring  of  that  year  were  even 
sold  at  a  Bazaar  in  Leeds  in  support  of  a  charitable  fund. 
The  process  was  explained  to  my  friends  in  Yorkshire, 
and  I  find  from  a  Leeds  manuscript  that  I  proposed  the 
nitro-gallate  paper  "  for"  immediate  use  and  diffused  day- 
light." The  ammonio-nitrate  process  also,  which  does 
not  seem  to  have  any  definite  parentage,  though  I 
believe  included  in  your  second  patent  of  June  1843, 
was  among  the  first  which  I  employed,  and  probably 
I  was  the  first  to  suggest  it.  At  all  events  I  may 
give  3-011  as  a  matter  of  history  the  following  extract 
from  a  letter  to  my  brother  in  Leeds,  dated  April  26, 
1839:  —  "Dissolve  6  grains  of  nitrate  in  5j  of  water 
and  add  liquor  ammonias,  which  will  throw  down 
the  brown  oxide  of  silver,  but  on  the  addition  of  a  little 
more  will  take  it  up  and  form  a  clear  solution.  Wash  the 
paper  and  dry  it.  Then  put  9  j  of  common  salt  in  half  a 
pint  of  distilled  water.  Wash  the  paper  with  this  mix- 
ture, &c."  I  also  propose  to  dissolve  two  grains  of  gela- 
tine in  one  ounce  of  distilled  water  as  an  accelerator  for 
the  nitrate,  as  well  as  to  fix  with  hyposulphite  of  soda. 
Had  Mr.  Brayley's  lectures  been  printed,  you  would  pro- 
bably have  become  acquainted  with  my  processes,  as  well 
as  with  those  of  other  photographers,  which  were  ex- 
plained and  illustrated  by  him.  At  all  events  I  have 
never  ceased  most  emphatically  to  make  the  claims  which 
in  your  affidavit  you  deny  to  me,  and  therefore,  for  the 
sake  of  furnishing  a  correct  history  of  the  progress  of  the 
art,  I  must  be  allowed  to  print  this  letter,  as  the  only 
means  left  to  me  of  meeting  the  case. 

I  am  sure  that  the  art  now  so  far  advanced,  and  still 
advancing,  has  our  best  wishes.  Mr.  Grove  would  present 
to  you  in  my  name  a  copy  of  my  letter  to  Mr.  Hunt, 
which  was  written  before  I  had  heard  a  syllable  of  your 
present  actions. 

Believe  me  to  be, 
Dear  Sir, 

Yours  faithfully, 

J.  B.  READE. 
Henry  Fox  Talbot,  Esq. 

Affidavits  made  by  SIR  D.  BREAVSTER  and  Sm  J.'  HER- 
SCHEL  respecting  the  Caloti/pe  Photographic  Process  in- 
vented by  H.  F.  TALBOT,  ESQ. 

IN  CHANCERY.  —  Between  WILLIAM  HENRY  Fox 
TALBOT,  Plaintiff,  and  JAMES  HENDERSON,  De- 
fendant. 

I,  DAVID  BREWSTER,  Principal  of  the  United  Colleges 
of  Saint  Salvador  and  Saint  Leonards,  in  the  University 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


35 


of  Saint  Andrew's,  in  Scotland,  now  residing  at  Ko.  44. 
Saint  James's  Place,  Westminster,  Knight,  make  oath,  and 
say  as  follows : 

1.  I  have  for  many  years  paid  much  attention  to  op- 
tical science,  and  I  have  written  treatises  on.  that  science 
generally,  and  on  different  branches  of  it. 

2.  I  have  paid  much  attention  to  the  art  of  Photo- 
graphy, and  have  written  and  published  various  writings 
concerning  the  history  and  progress  of  that  art. 

3.  I   have  been    acquainted   with    the    photographic 
process  invented  by  the  plaintiff,  and  at  first  called  by 
him  the  calotype  process,  and  described  in  the  specification 
marked  X.,  shown  to  me  at  the  time  of  my  making  this 
affidavit,  from  the  time,  or  nearly  so,  of  the  first  publi- 
cation of  it  by  him,  videlicet,  from  the  year  1841,  and  I 
fully  believe  that  he  was  the  first  and  true  inventor  of  the 
said  calotype  process,  and  I  say  that  such  is  the  general 
opinion  of  scientific  men,  according  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledge  and  belief. 

4.  That  I  was  the  first,  or  one  of  the  first,  persons  who 
proposed  and  maintained  that  the  name  of  Calotype  ought 
to  be  changed  to  that  of  Talbotype,  after  the  name  of  the 
inventor. 

5.  That  I  am  acquainted  with  the  principle  of  what 
has  been  termed  the  collodion  process  in  photography, 
and  that  I  consider  it  to  be  a  useful  and  convenient  mode 
of  operating. 

6.  That  by   employing  the  said  collodion  process   a 
greater  rapidity  of  photographic  action  is  frequently  ob- 
tained, together  with  a  greater  precision  and  clearness  in 
the  negative  image  or  picture. 

7.  That  the  said  collodion  process  consists  chiefly  in  a 
mode  of  obtaining  the  negative  pictures  upon  a  film  or 
skin  of  iodized  collodion  spread  upon  glass,  instead  of  ob- 
taining them  upon  a  sheet  of  iodized  paper  according  to 
the  plaintiffs  invention,  described  in  the  said  specification. 

8.  That  I  consider  the  said  collodion  process  to  be  only 
a  variation   or  modification   of  the  plaintiff's  said  in- 
vention, called  by  him  the  calotype,  for  the  following 
reasons,  videlicet :  — 

Pirst.  —  Because  the  skin  of  iodized  collodion  spread 
upon  glass  serves  as  a  substitute  for  the  sheet  of 
iodized  paper  employed  by  the  plaintiff. 

Secondly.  —  Because,  in  both  cases,  the  iodized  sur- 
face (whether  collodion  or  paper)  requires  to  be 
excited  or  rendered  sensitive  to  light  by  washing 
it  over  with  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver,  or  by 
dipping  it  in  a  bath  of  the  same. 

Thirdly.  —  Because,  in  both  cases,  after  an  invisible 
image  has  been  impressed  upon  the  photographic 
surface  (whether  of  collodion  or  paper),  it  is  re- 
quisite to  develop  it  or  render  it  visible  by  washing 
it  with  a  liquid  (which  is  the  chief  and  principal 
part  of  the  plaintiff's  said  invention):  and  the 
liquid  generally  employed  for  that  purpose  is  either 
gallic  acid  as  described  by  the  plaintiff  in  his  said 
specification,  or  a  modification  of  the  same,  termed 
pyrogallic  acid. 

Fourthly. — Because  (whether  the  first  or  negative 
image  is  obtained  upon  collodion  or  upon  paper), 
in  either  case,  the  final  result  of  the  process  is  the 
same,  videlicet,  a  positive  picture  is  obtained  upon 
paper  by  the  action  of  light. 

9.  That  I  have  read  a  copy  of  the  joint  and  several 
affidavits  purporting  to  be  made  by  Robert  Hunt  and 
Charles  Heisch,  sworn  in  this  cause  on  the  22nd  day  of 
this  present  month  of  May;  also  copies  of  two  several 
affidavits  purporting  to  be  made  by  Alphonse  Normandy 
and  William  Henry  Thornthwaite",   both   sworn  in  this 
cause  on  the  same  22nd  day  of  May  instant  ;  and  that, 


notwithstanding  such  affidavits,  I  fully  believe  that  the 
plaintiff  was  the  first  and  true  inventor  of  the  calotype 
process  described  in  his  said  specification,  and  that  the 
said  calotype  process  was  very  different  from  any  photo- 
graphic process  previously  known  ;  and  I  say  that  the 
distinction  attempted  to  be  drawn  in  the  said  affidavits 
between  the  collodion  and  calotype  processes  is  fallacious, 
inasmuch  as  the  collodion  process  borrows  from  the  calo- 
type process  its  most  essential  point,  videlicet,  the  develop- 
ment of  an  invisible  image,  and  therefore  it  ought  to  be 
considered  merely  as  an  improvement  upon  the  latter 
process. 

DAVID  BREWSTEH. 

Sworn  at  my  chambers,  Xo.  G.  Xew  Square,  Lin- 
coln's Inn,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  this 
24th  day  of  May,  1854,  before  me, 

W.  STRICKLAND  COOKSON, 
A  London  Commissioner  to  administer 
oaths  in  Chancery. 


IN  CHANCERY.  —  Between  WILLIAM  HENRY  Fox 
TALBOT,  Plaintiff,  and  JAMES  HENDERSON,  De- 
fendant. 

I,  JOHN  FREDERICK  WILLIAM  HERSCHEL,  Baronet, 
Master  of  Her  Majesty's  Mint,  make  oath,  and  say  as 
follows  : 

1.  I  have  read  a  copy  of  an   affidavit  sworn  in  this 
cause  by  Robert  Hunt  and  Charles  Heisch  on  the  22nd, 
and  filed  on  the  23rd  of  May  instant,  in  which  my  name 
is  mentioned  in  the  following  terms,  videlicet  : 

"  Sir  John  Herschel  also  published  the  fact  of  his  having 
used  gallic  acid  in  a  paper  communicated  by  him  to  the 
Royal  Society  on  February  20th,  1840,  and  which  paper 
is  printed  and  published  in  the  Philosophical  Transac- 
tions." 

2.  I  say  that  the  inference  attempted  to  be  drawn  to 
the   prejudice  of  the   plaintiff  from  my  memoir  in  the 
Philosophical  Transactions,  above  referred  to,  is  erroneous  ; 
inasmuch  as  in  the  experiments  there  referred  to,  I  did 
not  use  gallic  acid  for  the  purpose  of  developing  a  dormant 
picture,  not  being  then  aware  that  any  such  dormant  pic- 
ture existed,  but  only  with  a  view  to  increase  the  sensi- 
tiveness of  the  paper. 

3.  I  say  that  my  memoir,  above  referred  to,  extended 
to  nearly  sixty  pages,  and  that  gallic  acid  is  only  once 
named  in  it,  to  the  best  of  my  recollection,  videlicet,  at 
page  8,  in  the  following  words : 

"  My  first  attention  was  directed  to  the  discovery  of  a 
liquid  or  emulsion,  which,  by  a  single  application,  whe- 
ther by  dipping  or  brushing  over,  should  communicate 
the  desired  quality.  The  presence  of  organic  matter 
having  been  considered  by  some  late  chemists  an  essen- 
tial condition  for  the  blackening  of  the  nitrate  of  silver,  I 
was  induced  to  try,  in  the  first  instance,  a  variety  of  mix- 
tures of  such  organic,  soluble,  compounds  as  would  not 
precipitate  that  salt.  Failing  of  any  marked  success  in 
this  line  (with  the  somewhat  problematic  exception  of 
the  gallic  acid  and  its  compounds),  the  next  idea  which 
occurred,  was  .  .  ." 

4.  I  say,  that  in   writing  the  passage  of  my  memoir 
above  quoted,  I  did  not  contemplate  the   photographic 
process,  since  called  the  calotype  process ;  nor  was  I  then 
acquainted  with  that  process. 

5.  I  say  that  I  have  been  acquainted  with  the  plaintiff's 
invention,  called  the  calotype  process,  from  the  time,  or 
nearly  so,  of  its  first  publication  in  1841 ;  and  that  1  con- 
sider the  leading  feature  in  the  plaintiff's  said  invention 
to  have  been  the  discovery  of  the  existence  of  invisible 
photographic  images  on  paper,  and  the  mode  of  making 
them  visible,  described  by  the  plaintiff.     And  I  say  that 


36 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  245. 


such  invention  was  a  new  one  to  the  best  of  my  judg- 
ment and  belief,  and  that  it  was  of  great  importance  in 
photography,  and  that  it  has  continued  to  be  used  by 
photographers  ever  since  the  time  of  its  publication. 

J.  F.  \V.  HERSCHEL. 

Sworn  at  the  house  of  the  above-named  Sir  John' 
Frederick  William  Herschel,  No.  32.  Harley 
Street,  in  the  count}'  of  Middlesex,  this  25th 
day  of  May,  1854,  before  me, 

W.  STRICKLAND  COOKSON, 

A  London  Commissioner  to  administer 

oaths  in  Chancery. 


to  iHtnor 

Obsolete  Statutes  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  562.).  — The  Rev. 
John  Hildrop,  Rector  of  VVath  near  Ripon,  was 
the  author  of  the  Letter  to  a  Member  of  Parlia- 
ment proposing  a  Bill  to  revise,  &c.  the  Ten 
Commandments.  It  was  attributed  at  the  time  to 
Dean  Swift,  but  afterwards  owned  and  inserted 
by  Dr.  Hildrop  in  a  collection  of  his  miscellaneous 
works,  printed  in  two  small  8vo.  volumes,  pub- 
lished in  the  year  1754.  For  the  titles  of  these 
works,  and  some  account  of  the  author,  J.  O.  is 
referred  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  August, 
1834  ;  where,  it  must  be  observed,  Magnus  White- 
grave  has  unfortunately  repeated  Dr.  Whitaker's 
incorrect  transcript  of  a  memorial  in  the  chancel 
at  Wath  to  Dr.  Hildrop' s  daughter ;  and  the  as- 
sertion, untruly  made,  that  there  is  no  inscription 
there  to  the  memory  of  the  doctor  himself.  He 
died  January  18,  A.D.  1756,  aged  seventy-three 
years.  His  daughter  Catherine,  wife  of  Mr, 
Francis  Bacon,  died  September  6,  A.D.  1754,  aged 
thirty-three  years. 

I  should  be  very  glad  to  know  to  what  univer- 
sity Dr.  Hildrop  belonged,  and  in  what  year  he 
graduated  D.D.  I  believe  he  was  not  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  that  he  did  not  take  his  Doctor's  de- 
gree till  after  the  year  1741.  PATONCE. 

fDr.  Hildrop  was  a  student  at  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford;  M. A.  June  8,  1705;  B.  and  D.D.  June  9, 

1743.] 

"  Selah"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  426.)  ;  Songs  of  Degrees 
(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  121.  376.  473.).  —Having  devoted  a 
considerable  portion  of  a  work  on  the  Psalms, 
published  a  few  years  back,  to  the  consideration  of 
the  word  selah,  it  was  with  some  surprise  that  I 
observed  a  quotation  in  the  "  N.  &  Q."  from  The 
People's  Edition  of  the  Bible,  to  the  effect  that  the 
word  means  da  capo.  The  great  mass  of  ancient 
authorities  (which,  though  various,  are  not  in 
reality  discordant)  does  not  favour  this  opinion  ; 
nor  is  it  borne  out  by  internal  evidence.  The  word 
is,  I  am  confident,  a  musical  direction  ;  but  always 
connected  with  the  sentiment,  and  the  peculiar 
construction  of  the  psalm.  If  my  view  is  correct, 
it  was  not  intended  to  be  read ;  still,  for  my  own 


part,  I  would  not  venture  to  omit  it  when  pub- 
licly reading  the  Ode  of  Habakkuk.  As  the 
Bible  translation  of  the  Psalms  is  not  intended  for 
liturgical  use,  I  would  omit  the  word  were  I  read- 
ing the  Psalms  in  private.  It  may  be  remarked 
as  a  curious  fact,  that  Jackson  of  Exeter  set  the 
word  selah  to  music  in  an  anthem  composed  for 
the  opening  verses  of  the  Ode  of  Habakkuk.  He 
evidently  regarded  it  as  an  exclamation  of  praise. 
As  to  the  "  Songs  of  Degrees,"  I  venture  to 
refer  to  the  work  mentioned  above  for  an  essay 
which  discusses  this  question  also.  JOHN  JEBB. 

Pax  Pennies  of  William  the  Conqueror  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  562.).  —  Without  any  pretension  to  numismatic 
lore,  I  throw  out  a  suggestion  that  the  letters  on 
the  reverse  of  the  Conqueror's  pennies,  PAXS,  may 
stand  for  Willelmi  Anglice  Christus  Salus,  which 
of  course  would  hold  equally  good  in  whatever 
order  the  letters  were  placed.  F.  C.  H. 

Holy-loaf  Money  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  150.  256.  568.). 
—  The  custom  of  distributing  the  pain  beni,  or 
blessed  bread,  is  retained  I  believe  in  France  only. 
It  is  the  sole  remnant  of  the  oblations  of  the  faith- 
ful. In  the  fourth  century  the  Christians,  as  a 
sign  of  union  and  charity,  sent  to  each  other  small 
loaves  called  Ei>\oyiai,  and  the  distribution  of 
blessed  bread  during  Mass  from  what  remained  of 
the  offerings  unconsecrated,  was  afterwards  intro- 
duced as  a  sign  of  union  among  the  assistants. 
When  the  primitive  practice  of  daily  communion 
began  to  be  discontinued,  the  blessed  bread  be- 
came a  kind  of  substitute  for  those  who  did  not 
actually  receive  the  blessed  Eucharist.  F.  C.  H. 

"Emori  nolo,"  frc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  481.).  — This 
line  occurs  in  Cicero,  Tusc.  Queest.,  i.  8.  15.  The 
correct  version  has  cestumo,  not  euro,  which  would 
not  scan.  H.  H.  D. 

Palindromic  Verses  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  343.). — The 
origin  of  the  lines  quoted  by  T.  A.  T.  is  thus  ex- 
plained in  Hone's  Every-Day  Book,  col.  170. : 

"  St.  Martin  having  given   up   the   profession   of  a 
soldier,  and  being  elected  Bishop  of  Tours,  when  pre- 
lates neither  kept  carriages,  horses,  nor  servants,  had 
occasion  to  go  to  Rome  in  order  to  consult  his  holiness 
I  upon    some  important    ecclesiastical    matter.      As    he 
1  was  walking  gently  along  the  road  he  met  the  devil, 
!  who   politely  accosted  him,  and  ventured  to  observe 
!  how  fatiguing   and  indecorous  it  was  for  him  to  per- 
form so  long  a  journey  on  foot,  like  the  commonest  of 
!  cockle-shell-chaperoned    pilgrims.      The    saint    knew 
i  well  the  drift  of  Old  Nick's  address,  and  commanded 
him    immediately   to    become    a   beast  of  burden    or 
jumentum ;  which  the  devil   did  in  a  twinkling,  by  as- 
suming the  shape  of  a  mule.     The  saint  jumped  upon 
I  the  fiend's  back,  who  at  first  trotted  cheerfully  along, 
but  soon  slackened  his  pace.      The  bishop  of  course 
had   neither  whip    nor   spurs,   but  was  possessed   of  a 
I  much  more  powerful  stimulus,  for,  says  the  legend,  he 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


made  the  sign  of  the  cross,  and  the  smarting  devil  in- 
stantly galloped  away.  Soon,  however,  and  naturally 
enough,  the  father  of  sin  returned  to  sloth  and  ob- 
stinacy, and  Martin  hurried  him  again  with  repeated 
signs  of  the  cross,  till  twitched  and  stung  to  the  quick 
by  those  crossings  so  hateful  to  him,  the  vexed  and 
tired  reprobate  uttered  the  following  distich  in  a  rage  ; 

'  Signa  te,  signa ;  temere  me  tangis  et  angis  ; 
Roma  tibi  subito  motibus  ibit  amor.' 

That  is,  'Cross,  cross  thyself — thou  plaguest  and 
vexest  me  without  necessity  ;  for,  owing  to  my  ex- 
ertions, Rome,  the  object  of  thy  wishes,  will  soon  be 
near.' " 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 
St.  Lucia. 

Dr.  John  Pochlington  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  247.).  —  Arms 
of  Pocklington  of  Yorkshire :  Paly  of  six  argent 
and  gules,  a  pale  counterchanged.  CID. 

Byron  and  Rochefoucauld  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  347.).  — 
Allow  me  to  call  your  attention  to  the  fact,  that 
the  Note  furnished  by  SIGMA  under  this  head  has 
already  appeared  in  Vol.  i.,  p.  260.,  with  the  sig- 
nature of  MELANION,  under  the  head  of  "  Pla- 
giarisms and  Parallel  Passages."  Your  "  Notices 
to  Correspondents"  bear  ample  evidence  of  the 
vigilance  which  you  are  continually  called  upon 
to  exercise,  in  order  to  obviate  repetitions  of  this 
kind ;  but  as  the  volumes  continue  to  increase, 
the  difficulty  of  verifying  such  matters  will  be- 
come proportionably  great ;  and  it  therefore  be- 
hoves your  correspondents,  by  a  proper  degree  of 
research  on  their  part,  to  assist  you  in  preventing 
this  most  valuable  periodical  from  degenerating 
into  a  mere  echo  of  its  former  self. 

HENRT  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Somersetshire  Folk  Lore  (Vol.'ix.,  p.  536.). — 
Your  correspondent  M.  A.  BALLIOL  says,  that, 
on  the  highest  mound  of  the  hill  above  Weston- 
super-Mare,  is  a  heap  of  stones,  to  which  every 
fisherman  in  his  daily  walk  to  Sand  Bay,  Kew- 
stoke,  contributes  one  towards  his  day's  good 
fishing.  Although  the  object  ascribed  to  a  similar 
custom  in  Greece  is  of  a  different  character,  your 
readers  may  feel  interested  in  the  following  pas- 
sage describing  it,  from  Gell's  Narrative" of  a 
Journey  in  the  Morea,  p.  113.  : 

"  On  the  road  from  Tragoge  to  Andrutzena  we 
passed  one  of  those  heaps  of  stones,  called  by  the 
Greeks  anathemas.  A  person  who  has  a  quarrel  with 
another,  collects  a  pile  of  stones,  and  curses  his  uncon- 
scious foe  as  many  times  as  there  are  stones  in  the 
heap.  It  is  the  duty  of  every  Christian  to  add  at  least 
one  pebble  as  he  passes  by,  so  that  the  curses  in  a 
frequented  road  became  innumerable.  A  Greek  who 
should  travel  on  one  of  our  English  roads,  would 
imagine  the  whole  population  at  war;  and  in  Italy, 
where  the  heaps  are  larger,  and  generally  occupy  the 


whole  of  the  best  part  of  the  road,  he  would  be  dis- 
posed to  add  another  curse  to  fall  upon  the  road- 
makers  themselves." 

N.  L.  T. 

Slack  Rat  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  209.). — I  have  noticed 
an  answer  to  MR.  SHIRLEY  HIBBERD  about  the 
existence  of  the  old  Black  Rat  in  England.  I 
believe  one  of  its  last  strongholds  in  Britain  was 
Lundy  Island,  near  Ilfraconibe ;  where  they  are 
still,  or  were  till  very  lately,  occasionally  met  with. 
HORACE  WADDINGTON. 

Oxford  Union  Society. 

Demoniacal  Descent  of  the  Plantagenets  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  494.  550.).  —  A  detailed  account  of  the  legend 
relative  to  the  extraction  of  the  Plantagenets,  and 
consequently  of  the  Royal  Family  of  England, 
from  the  Devil,  by  the  mother's  side,  is  in  John 
Fordun's  Scotichronica.  There  is  a  whole  chapter 
on  the  subject,  to  which,  not  having  the  book 
beside  me,  I  cannot  more  particularly  refer. 

WILLIAM  BROCKIE. 

South  Shields. 

Shelley's  "  Prometheus  Unbound"  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  351.  481.). — I  cannot  help  thinking  that  your 
correspondent  F.  C.  H.  has  missed  the  peculiar 
beauty  of  this  passage ;  and,  though  with  great 
diffidence,  I  beg  to  offer  a  conjecture  upon  its 
meaning.  F.  C.  H.  says  that  the  circumstances 
which  give  rise  to  the  feeling  alluded  to  by  the 
poet  are  : 

"  .          .          .          when  the  winds  of  spring 
Make  rarest  visitation,  or  the  voice 
Of  one  beloved  is  heard  in  youth  alone." 

The  latter  can  only  mean  the  circumstance  of  a 
young  man  hearing  the  voice  of  a  beloved  friend ; 
which  obviously,  I  think,  is  not  what  is  intended. 
The  interpolation  of  the  word  is  destroys  the 
sense  of  the  passage  :  the  chief  beauty  of  which, 
in  my  mind,  lies  in  the  analogy  shown  to  exist 
between  the  feelings  which  are  called  up  in  us 
upon  hearing  the  soft  breezes  of  returning  spring, 
and  those  which  are  awakened  in  us  upon  hearing 
the  voice  of  a  beloved  friend,  who  has  been  sepa- 
rated from  us  since  the  time  of  our  earliest  youth : 

" .          .         .          .          .          the  voice 
Of  one  beloved  heard  in  youth  alone." 

If  I  understand  Shelley's  allusion  rightly,  it  is 
to  "  that  sense,  which,  when  the  winds  of  spring  or 
the  voice  of  a  long  absent  friend  returned,  recall 
the  remembrance  of  youthful  days,  fills  the  faint 
eyes,"  &c. 

It  is  possible  that  a  line  may  have  dropped  out, 
which  may  have  contained  words  similar  in  mean- 
ing to  those  given  in  Italics  above ;  but  the  more 
probable  supposition  is,  that  the  sentence  was  in- 
advertently left  unfinished.  Such  omissions  are 
by  no  means  uncommon.  ERICA. 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  245. 


"  Send  me  tribute,  or  else  ,"  tfc.  (Vol.  ix., 

p.  451.).  —  The  potentates  of  whom  your  corre- 
spondent W.  T.  M.  inquires,  were  two  Irish  chief- 
tains, O'Nial  of  Tyrone  and  O'Donnell  of  Tyrcon- 
nell,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
The  dispute  was  caused  merely  by  the  haughty 
character  of  O'Nial,  who  was  unable  to  brook  an 
equal  in  that  part  of  the  country,  and  accordingly 

sent  the  message,  "  Pay  me  tribute,  or  else ," 

to  his  rival ;  which  was  as  promptly  answered  by 
O'Donnell,  "I  owe  you  none,  and  if ."  Y. 

Hour-glasses  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  252.).  —  An  hour- 
glass is,  or  lately  was,  affixed  to  the  pulpit  in  the 
church  of  St.  Albans,  Wood  Street,  London.  See 
Godwin's  Churches  of  London,  "  St.  Albans,  Wood 
Street."  O.  S. 

Bishop  Andrewes,  in  a  sermon  on  Ash  Wed- 
nesday, 1622,  on  fasting,  says  : 

"  But  that  I  take  myself  bound  to  prosecute  the 
text  I  have  begun,  1  would  choose  rather  to  spend  the 
hour  in  speaking  again  for  the  duty  to  have  it  done." 

Does  not  this  seem  to  fix  the  limit  usually  as- 
signed to  sermons  in  -his  age  ?  The  sermons  of 
the  good  bishop  are  long  enough  to  occupy  a  full 
hour  of  ordinary  preaching. 

Bingham,  Antiq.,  lib.  xiv.  cap.  4.,  says,  — 

"  Ferrarius  and  some  others,  are  very  positive  they 
(f.  e.  the  sermons  in  the  early  Church)  were  generally 
an  hour  long,  but  Ferrarius  is  at  a  loss  to  tell  by  what 
instrument  they  measured  their  hour,  for  he  will  not 
venture  to  affirm  that  they  preached,  as  the  old  Greek 
and  Roman  orators  declaimed,  by  an  hour-glass." 

E.  H.  M.  L. 

Barristers'  Gowns  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  323.).  —  "  The 
lapel,  or  piece  which  hangs  from  the  back  of  the 
barrister's  gown,"  is  a  diminutive  representation 
of  the  ancient  hood,  formerly  worn  as  a  covering 
for  the  head  and  shoulders.  The  tippet,  or  liri- 
pipium,  an  important  part  of  the  hood  (indicating 
from  its  length  the  rank  of  the  wearer),  hangs 
down  in  front  of  the  left  shoulder. 

GILBERT  J.  FRENCH. 

Bolt  on. 

The  lapel  attached  to  the  back  of  the  gown  is 
the  hood  (somewhat  curtailed)  which  barristers 
wore  before  the  introduction  of  wigs  or  hats, 
which  were  fastened  to  the  gown  to  prevent  their 
being  lost  when  taken  off  on  their  going  into 
court.  ANON. 

Reversible  Names  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.244.  645.). — 
The  title  of  one  of  the  peers  of  the  realm  reads 
the  same  backwards  as  forward  —  Lord  Glenelg. 

PRESTONIENSIS. 

Odo  may  be  added  to  the  list  of  male  reversible 
names.  UNEDA. 


When  and  where  docs  Sunday  begin  or  end? 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  284.). — H.  OF  HORWENSTOW  says  that 
Sunday  begins  at  six  o'clock  P.M.  on  Saturday, 
and  he  quotes  the  expression  in  the  Bible,  "  The 
evening  and  the  morning  were  the  first  day,"  in 
proof  of  it.  H.  should  recollect  that  evening  was 
formerly  the  name  for  what  we  now  call  afternoon  : 
as  in  the  Prayer  Book,  where  the  evening  service 
is  that  for  the  afternoon.  Hence,  if  his  quotation 
has  any  bearing  on  the  question,  Sunday  must 
begin  at  Saturday  noon. 

I  suppose  the  expression  "  the  evening  and  the 
morning  were  the  first  day"  may  be  thus  ex- 
plained. At  the  commencement  of  the  earth's 
first  solar  day,  the  sun  was  perpendicularly  over 
that  part  of  the  earth  which  was  nearest  to  it,  at 
which  place  it  was  of  course  noon  ;  and  as  soon 
as  the  diurnal  revolution  of  the  earth  on  its  axis 
began,  the  afternoon  or  evening  commenced  at 
that  point. 

In  Massachussetts,  the  law  makes  the  Sabbath 
only  eighteen  hours  long,  instead  of  twenty-four. 
It  commences  at  midnight  between  Saturday  and 
Sunday,  and  ends  on  Sunday  at  6  P.M.  ;  so  that 
work  may  be  done,  or  amusements,  or  political 
meetings  may  be  attended  to,  on  Sunday  evening 
without  breaking  the  law.  This  is  a  reaction  from 
the  old  puritanical  strictness  of  "  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers,"  and  is  one  of  many.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Kiel  the  Bethelite  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  452.).  —  The 
meaning  of  text  3rd  (al.  1st)  Book  of  Kings,  xvi. 
34.,  is,  I  think,  satisfactorily  determined  by  refer- 
ring to  the  previous  prophetic  imprecation  of 
Joshue  (al.  Joshua)  vi.  26. : 

"  Cursed  be  the  man  before  the  Lord,  that  shall 
raise  up  and  build  the  city  of  Jericho.  In  his  first- 
born may  he  lay  the  foundation  thereof,  and  in  the 
last  of  his  children  set  up  its  gates." 
The  curse  was  fulfilled  in  the  death  of  his  eldest 
son,  when  he  dared  to  lay  the  foundations  of  a  new 
Jericho ;  and  the  loss  of  all  his  other  children  in 
succession  as  the  work  advanced,  till  his  last  died 
as  he  finished  the  city  and  set  up  its  gates.  Dr. 
Geddes,  who  may  be  safely  trusted,  so  far  as 
fidelity  of  translation  goes,  though  no  farther, 
renders  the  prophecy  thus  : 

"  With  the  loss  of  his  first-born  son  ....  and  with  the 
loss  o/his  youngest  son." 
And  he  thus  translates  the  fulfilment : 

"  In  his  days  Kiel,  a  Bethelite,  rebuilded  Jericho  : 
the  foundation  of  which  he  laid  in  the  death  of  his 
eldest  son,  Abiram ;  and  in  the  death  of  his  youngest, 
Segub,  he  set  up  its  gates." 

There  can  be  no  reason  for  supposing  that  Hiel 
buried  his  children  alive  under  the  buildings. 
The  text  itself  warrants  no  such  monstrous  inter- 
pretation, but  is  plainly  opposed  to  it ;  inasmuch 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


39 


as  it  denounces  a  threat,  a  curse,  and  a  punish- 
ment, which  could  not  have  been  fulfilled  by  the 
voluntary  perpetration  of  inhuman  cruelties  on 
the  part  of  a  father.  F.  C.  HUSENBETII. 

I  do  not  find  any  difference  among  the  com- 
mentators to  whom  I  have  access,  as  to  the  mean- 
ing of  the  curse  in  Joshua  vi.  26.,  fulfilled  in  the 
case  of  Hiel  the  Bethelite,  1  Kings  xvi.  34.  All 
his  sons  were  to  die  in  succession,  beginning  with 
the  eldest  even  to  the  youngest,  during  the  build- 
ing of  the  city.  I  do  not  see  any  other  meaning 
that  can  be  attached  to  the  words,  conveying  the 
notion  of  a  punishment  for  the  audacity  of  the 
rebuilder.  "  Write  this  man  childless,"  was  a 
familiar  curse.  And  there  is  a  manifest  appro- 
priateness in  the  fact,  that  a  succession  of  judg- 
ments should  fall  upon  him  as  the  work  went  on ; 
each  being  a  louder  call  from  the  Almighty  to 
stop  him  in  his  impious  course.  G.  T.  HOARE. 

Tandridge. 

Will  of  Francis  Rons  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  440.).  — At 
p. 441.  the  words  "The  Right  Honorable  Francis 
Rous,  Esq.,  acknowledged  this  to  be  his  last  will 
and  testament,  the  12th  day  of  April,  1658,"  there 
is  the  following  note :  "  It  should  doubtless  be 
1657."  But  the  text  is  correct,  and  the  foot-note 
erroneous.  The  commencement  of  the  year  is 
counted  from  March  25.  The  will  was  written  on 
March  18,  1657,  which  would  be  March  18, 
1658,  if  the  year  were  reckoned  to  begin  on 
January  1.  It  was  acknowledged  on  April  12, 
1658,  less  than  one  month  after  it  was  written, 
since  the  legal  commencement  of  a  new  year 
had  intervened  between  the  writing  and  the 
acknowledgment.  Finally,  it  was  proved  on 
Feb.  10,  1658.  The  writer  of  the  foot-note  pro- 
bably omitted  to  observe  that,  in  consequence  of 
the  legal  mode  of  computing  the  date,  Feb.  10, 
1658,  is  nearly  ten  calendar  months  later  than 
April  12,  1658. 

The  present  case  affords  a  good  example  of  a 
mode  of  dating,  which  has  been  a  frequent  occa- 
sion of  perplexity  and  error.  JOHN  T.  GRAVES. 

Cheltenham. 

Per  Centum  Sign  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  451.).  —  These 
arbitrary  characters  are  adopted  for  facility  of 
expression,  the  — 00 —  denoting,  arithmetically, 
the  ciphers  composing  the  centum ;  and  the  man- 
ner of  writing  it  thus,  %,  is  adopted  for  certainty 
and  convenience,  which  are  important  elements  in 
commercial  transactions. 

The  contraction  viz.  is  a  curious  instance  of 
the  universality  of  arbitrary  signs.  There  are 
few  people  now  who  do  not  readily  comprehend 
the  meaning  of  that  useful  particle ;  a  certain 
publican  excepted,  who,  being  furnished  with  a 
list  of  the  requirements  of  a  festival  in  which  that 
word  appeared,  apologised  for  the  omission  of  one 


of  the  items  enumerated :  he  informed  the  com- 
pany that  he  had  inquired  throughout  the  town 
for  some  viz,  but  he  had  not  been  able  to  procure 
it.  He  was,  however,  readily  excused  for  his 
inability  to  do  so. 

Vi^.  being  a  corruption  of  videlicet,  the  termin- 
ation sign  was  5i  never  intended  to  represent  the 
letter  "z,"  but  simply  a  mark  or  sign  of  abbrevi- 
ation. It  is  now  always  written  and  expressed  as 
a  "  z"  and  will  doubtless  continue  to  be  so.  This 
is  one  of  many  arbitrary  modes  of  expression,  the 
use  of  which  is  known  to  many,  and  few  desire  to 
know  how  they  became  invented.  G.  M.  B. 

Mitcham,  Surrey. 

Slavery  in  England  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  421.).  —  The 
slavery  which  existed  in  England  under  the 
Saxons,  and  which  was  not  entirely  obliterated 
till  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century,  was 
more  properly  called  villenage.  It  was,  as  Black- 
stone  observes : 

"  A  species  of  tenure  neither  strictly  feudal,  Norman, 
or  Saxon,  but  mixed  and  compounded  of  them  all." 

This  villenage  is  so  graphically  described  by 
Blackstone,  in  his  Commentaries,  that  I  will  quote 
a  few  passages  in  answer  to  PRESTONIENSIS'S 
Queries  : 

"  Under  the  Saxon  government  there  were,  as  Sir 
William  Temple  speaks,  a  sort  of  people  in  a  condition 
of  downright  servitude,  used  and  employer!  in  the  most 
servile  works;  and  belonging,  both  they,  their  children 
and  effects,  to  the  lord  of  the  soil,  like  the  rest  of  the 
cattle  or  stock  upon  it."  —  Vol.  ii.  book  ii.  c.  6. 

"  These  villeins,  belonging  principally  to  lords  of 
manors,  were  either  villeins  regardant,  i.  e.  annexed  to 
the  manor  or  land ;  or  else  they  were  in  gross,  or  at 
large,  i.  e.  annexed  to  the  person  of  the  lord,  and  trans- 
ferable by  deed  from  one  owner  to  another.  They 
could  not  leave  their  lord  without  his  permission ;  but 
if  they  ran  away,  or  were  purloined  from  him,  might 
be  claimed  and  recovered  by  action,  like  beasts  or  other 
chattels.  They  held,  indeed,  small  portions  of  land, 
by  way  of  sustaining  themselves  and  their  families;  but 
it  was  at  the  mere  will  of  the  lord,  who  might  dis- 
possess them  whenever  he  pleased  :  and  it  was  upon 
villein  services,  that  is,  to  carry  out  dung,  to  hedge 
and  ditch  the  lord's  demesnes,  and  any  other  the 
meanest  offices.  A  villein,  in  short,  was  in  much  the 
same  state  with  us  as  Lord  Molesworth  describes  to  be 
that  of  the  boors  in  Denmark,  and  which  Stiernhook 
attributes  also  to  the  traals  or  slaves  in  Sweden."  — 
Cap.  6. 

The  state  of  servitude  of  these  villeins  was  not 
absolute,  like  that  of  the  negroes  in  the  AVest 
Indies ;  for,  as  Hallam  (Middle  Ages,  vol.  i. 
p.  149.)  observes  : 

"  It  was  only  in  respect  of  his  lord,  that  the  villein, 
at  least  in  England,  was  without  rights  ;  he  might  in- 
herit, purchase,  sue  in  the  courts  of  law ;  though,  as 
defendant  in  a  real  action  or  suit,  wherein  land  was 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  245. 


claimed,  he  might  shelter  himself  under  the  plea  of 
villenage." 

Serfage  ceased  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  There 
were,  however,  some  solitary  instances  later :  the 
last  instance  of  villenage  is  recorded  in  the  reign 
of  James  I.  Your  correspondent  will  find  much 
valuable  information  on  this  interesting  subject  in 
Blackstone's  Commentaries  (vol.  ii.  book  5i.  c.  6.), 
and  in  Hallam's  Middle  Ages  (vol.  i.  p.  145.,  and 
vol.  ii.  p.  302.,  9th  edit.,  1846). 

F.  M.  MlDDLETON. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Messrs.  Blackwood  have  published  a  continuation  of 
Mr.  Finlay's  valuable  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of 
Byzantine  history;  it  is  entitled  History  of  the  Byzantine 
and  Greek  Empires,  from  MLVII to  MCCCCLIII,  by 
George  Finlay,  and  forms  the  second  and  concluding  vo- 
lume of  the  work.  In  this  the  author  treats  of  the  de- 
cline and  fall  of  the  Byzantine  government,  and  of  the 
Greek  empires  of  Nicsea  and  Constantinople ;  and  he  has 
in  these,  as  in  his  preceding  labours,  made  constant  re- 
ference to  the  original  historians,  in  order  to  make  the 
work  not  only  useful  as  a  popular  history,  but  also  as  an 
index  to  scholars,  who  may  be  more  familiar  with  classical 
literature  than  with  the  Byzantine  writers. 

Mr.  F.  A.  Neale  never  having  been  able,  as  he  tells  us 
in  his  preface,  to  meet  with  a  connected  history  of  Is- 
lamism,  which  uninterruptedly  treated  of  the  reigns  of 
the  Saracen  caliphs  in  the  East,  in  North  Africa,  and 
Spain,  down  to  the  foundation  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  or 
following  its  growth  upwards  into  the  reign  of  Abdul- 
Medjid,  endeavoured  to  form  a  compilation  from  different 
authors,  treating  at  different  dates  of  the  separate  do- 
minions of  Islatnism  in  the  east  and  west ;  and  the  result 
is  a  couple  of  very  readable  volumes,  under  the  title  of 
Islamism,  its  Rise  and  its  Progress,  or  the  Present  and  Past 
Condition  of  the  Turks.  The  publication  is  well-timed, 
and  no  doubt  Mr.  Neale  will  receive  the  thanks  of  many 
readers. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame 
D'Arblay,  Vol.  VII.,  which  concludes  this  pleasant  gos- 
siping book ;  rich  in  pictures  of  the  men  and  manners 
of  "  those  good  times  when  George  the  Third  was 
king."  —  Logic,  or  the  Science  of  Inference,  a  Systematic 
View  of  the  Principles  of  Evidence,  and  the  Methods  of 
Inference  in  the  various  Departments  of  Human  Know- 
ledge, by  Joseph  Devey,  is  the  new  volume  of  Bonn's 
Philological  Library. — Poetical  Works  of  William  Cowper, 
Vol.  III.,  with  Selections  from  the  Works  of  Robert  Lloyd, 
Nathaniel  Cotton,  Henry  Brooke,  Erasmus  Darwin,  and 
William  Hayley,  the  new  volume  of  the  Annotated  Edition 
of  the  English  Poets,  edited  by  Robert  Bell.  The  selec- 
tions which  complete  this  volume  give  an  interest  as  well 
as  novelty  to  this  collection  of  our  poets,  and  will,  we 
doubt  not,  be  very  generally  approved. —  Schamyl,  the 
Sultan,  Warrior,  and  Prophet  of  the  Caucasus,  the  new 
number  of  The  Traveller's  Library,  is  a  judicious  com- 
pilation from  the  German  of  Wagner  and  Bodenstedt.— 
Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England,  by  Agnes  Strickland, 
"Vol.  Vll.,  is  occupied  with  a  Biography  of  Mary,  the 
Consort  of  William  III.,  who  is  treated  by  Miss  Strickland 
•with  gredt  harshness. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED  TO  PURCHASE. 

HAZLITT'S  SPIRIT  OF  THE  ARE. 

MACCABE'S  CATHOLIC  HISTORY  OP  ENGLAND.    Vol.  II. 

CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.    12mo.     1828. 

WORDSWORTH'S  GREECE.  1  Vol.  8vo.  Illustrated.  First  Edition. 

KEY  TO  BEATSON'S  GREEK  IAMBICS. 

JAMES*  CODRT-MARTIAL. 

*»*  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  IKI  fiaqefree, 
to   be  sent  to  MR.  BELL,   Publisher    of  "  N<"  ND 

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Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  fol!6w'mg  Books  to  be  sent 
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THE  BROUNIAD.    Kearsley,  1790. 
STOKELEY'S  CARAUSIUS.    Vol.  II. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Josh.  Phillips,  Jan.,  Stai.  ford. 

A  PICTURE  OF  THE  SEASONS.    12mo.    1812-15. 

Wanted  by  R.  Hitchcock,  Esq.,  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

COOPER'S  PUBLIC  RECORDS.     Vol.  I.    8vo.    1832. 
M.  C.  H.  BROEMEL'S  FESTTANZEN  DER  ERSTEN  CHRISTEN.   Jena, 
1705. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns.  Esq.,  25.  Holywell  Street,  Mill- 
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THEODEFETI    OPERA    (JIalee,    1769) :    Tom.  ii.    Pars   !.,    con- 
taining   Commentary   on   Isaiah,    Jeremiah,  &c.      Tom.   iii. 
Pars!.,  containing  Commentary  on  St.  Paul's  Epistles. 
Wanted  by  Rev.  H.  D.  Millett,  Collegiate  School,  Leicester. 

THE  METROPOLITAN  MAGAZINE.  Nos.  I.  to  XXIII.,  LIT., 
LXX.  and  following. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  John  P.  Stilwell,  Dorking. 

PROLUSIONES  POETICS.    Chester,  circa  1800. 

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GLASSFORD'S  EDITION  or  BACON'S  NOVUM  ORGANON. 

Wanted  by  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Kite/tin,  Ch.  Ch.,  Oxford. 

Gentlemen  having  Old  Books  in  their  possession  may  receive  by 
post  a  List  of  Books  wanted  by  Thomas  Kerslake,  3.  Park 
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to 

Since  the  account  of  the  Washington  family  was  in  type,  ire 
have  discovered  that  it  has  already  been  printed. 

W.  E.  HOWLETT.  The  promised  new  series  of  The  Parish 
Choir  never  appeared. 

S.  A.  On  the  representation  of  Moses  with  horns,  see 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  i.,  pp.  383.  419.,  and  Vol.  ii.,  p.  91. 

GILBERT  DE  Bois.  Will  our  correspondent  copy  one  letter  on 
Earthquakes  in  London  as  a  sample,  stating  at  the  same  time  the 
length  of  the  remainder  f 

JUVERNA.  For  the  origin  of  the  phrase  "  Dining  with  Duke 
Humphrey,"  see  Nares's  Glossary,  s.  v.,  and  Brand's  Popular 
Antiquities,  vol.  iii.  p.  384.  Bohn's  edition. 

J.  W.  G.  G.  The  article  so  kindly  sfrtt  is  in  type,  but  is  un- 
avoidably postponed  to  make  way  for  the  three  interesting  docu- 
ments which  we  have  published  this  week. 

MR.  Fox  TALBOT'S  PATENT.     We  hope  to  print  this  next  week . 

THE  INDEX  TO  VOLUME  THE  NINTH  will  be  ready  on  Satur- 
day next. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  thai 
,.,e  Country  Booksellers  mat/  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


JULY  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


CHRONICLES  OF  THE   AN- 

\J  CIENT  BRITISH  CHURCH,  previous 
to  the  Arrival  of  St.  Augustine,  A.  D.  596. 
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This  Day  is  published,  price  2s.  6d. 

THE   FREEMASONS'  QUAR- 
TERLY MAGAZINE  for  JULY. 

CONTENTS  : 

Masonic  Ritualism.    By  the  Editor. 
Symbols  and  Symbolism. 
The  Tomb  of  John  Stowe. 
The  Lucky  Inheritance.    By  Dudley  Costello, 

Esq. 

A  Morning  Lay. 
On  Silence  and  its  Ancient  Symbols.    By  the 

Rev.  T.  A.  Buckley,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Transcaucasia. 
Childhood's  Glee. 
Sonnets  ;  Action  j  Fortitude.     By  W.  Brails- 

ford. 
Ernest  and    Falk  :    Conversations   for  Free- 

masons.    Translated  from  the  German  by 

K.  R.  H.  Mackenzie,  F.S.A. 
Critical  Notices. 
Masonic  Intelligence  —  Including  Reports  of 

Grand  Chapter  ;    Grand  Lodge  ;    Lodge  of 

Benevolence;   Masonic  Charities,  the   An- 

cient and  Accepted  Kite  ;  Grand  Conclave  of 

Masonic  Knights  Templar  ;     Metropolitan, 

Provincial,  Scottish,  and  Colonial  Proceed- 

ings, &c.  &c.  &c. 

The  Volume  for  1853  is  still  on  sale,  in  rich 
symbolic  binding,  as  well  as   covers,   of  the 
same    binding,    for    the    numbers    for    1853, 
price  2s. 
London  :  2.  Farringdon  Street,  and  Beekman 

Street,  New  York,  RolH'LEDGE  &  CO.  ; 

114.  High  Holboru,  R.  SPENCER. 


WORKS 

BY  THE 

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TWELVE      LETTERS      ON 

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HISTORY.  Svo.  ls.6d. 

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REV.  HUGH  JAMES  ROSE,  B.D.  ;  con- 
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KING,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Christ's  Church, 
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ARCH  GEOLOGIC  AL  WORKS 

JOHN  YONGE  AKERMAN, 

FELLOW  AND  SECRETARY  OF  THE 
SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  LON- 
DON. 

AN  ARCHAEOLOGICAL 

INDEX  to  Remains  of  Antiquity  of  the  Celtic, 
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1  vol.  Svo.,  price  15s.  cloth,  illustrated  by  nu- 
merous Engravings,  comprising  upwards  of 
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A  NUMISMATIC  MANUAL. 

1  vol.  8vo.,  price  One  Guinea. 

***  The  Plates  which  illustrate  thia  Vo- 
lume are  upon  a  novel  plan,  and  will,  at  a 
glance,  convey  more  information  regarding 
the  types  of  Greek,  Roman,  and  English  Coins, 
than  can  be  obtained  by  many  hours'  careful 
reading.  Instead  of  a  fac-simile  Engraving 
being  given  of  that  which  is  already  an  enigma 
to  the  tyro,  the  most  striking  and  characteristic 
features  of  the  Coin  are  dissected  and  placed  by 
themselves,  so  that  the  eye  soon  becomes  fa- 
miliar with  them. 

A  DESCRIPTIVE  CATA- 
LOGUE of  Rare  and  Unedited  Roman  Coins, 
from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  taking  of  Rome 
under  Constantine  Paleologos.  2  vols.  Svo., 
numerous  Plates,  30s. 

COINS   OF    THE   ROMANS 

relating  to  Britain.  1  vol. Svo.  Second  Edition, 
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ANCIENT  COINS  of  CITIES 

and  Princes,  Geographically  arranged  and  de- 
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CONTENTS  :  — Section  1.  Origin  of  Coinage- 
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Greek  Imperial  Coins.  4.  Origin  of  Koman 
Coinage— Consular  Coins.  5.  Roman  Imperial 
Coins.  6.  Roman  British  Coins.  7.  Ancient 
British  Coinage.  8.  Anglo-Saxon  Coinage. 
9.  English  Coinage  from  the  Conquest.  10. 
Scotch  Coinage.  11.  Coinage  of  Ireland.  12. 
Anglo-Gall  e  Coins.  13.  Continental  Money 
in  the  Middle  Ages.  14.  Various  Representa- 
tives of  Co!'  age.  15.  Forgeries  in  Ancient  and 
Modern  Times.  16.  Table  of  Prices  of  English 
Coins  realised  at  Public  Sales. 

TRADESMEN'S       TOKENS, 

struck  in  London  and  its  Vicinity,  from  the 
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SAXONDOM,  principally  from  Tumuli  in 
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A  GLOSSARY  OF  PROVIN- 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  245. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
*.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 
H.  E.BickneH.Esq.    |  T.  Grissell,  Esq. 


T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 


J.  Hunt,  Esq. 


J.  A.  Lethbndge.Esq. 
E.  Lucas,  Esq. 
J.  Lys  Setuter,  Esq. 
J.  B.  White,  Esq. 
J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

Trustee*. 
W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  j  George  Drew,  Esq.; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ins  a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
cpectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100Z..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits  : 


22- 
27- 


£  I.  d. 

-  1  14     4 

-  1  18    8 


Age 
32- 
37- 
42- 


£  t.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6r/.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions.  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
THE  \TISK  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
I/and  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
*c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Lite  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

J\_  ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
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tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
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BIRMINGH  \M,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  "DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  nscertnined  by  its  having  "ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


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does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerrine,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  cnly  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is. ;  Boxes,  2s.  6(7.  Sent 
Free  by  BEET  HAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
'for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street ; 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork:  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Str.et,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK, BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ; DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street :  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  beut  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  tiie  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  C:as«i  X..  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  (j,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold.  27,  23,  and  in 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer.Gold, 
50  f.'uincas  ;  Silver.  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timeil,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2i., a?.,  and  4i.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

rfHE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 

J  TOGRAPHS,  by  the  most  eminent  En- 
glish and  Continental  Artists,  is  OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.  Free  Admission. 

£  ».  d. 

A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 
Process  -          -          -        --          -110 

Additional  Copies  (each)         -          -    0    5   0 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 
Ismail  size)      -  -          -          -    3    3    0 

A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 
(larger  size)     -          -          -          -    5    5    0 

Miniatures.  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.  Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  token  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  eup- 
plied.  tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION", 
168.  New  Bond  Street. 


WHOLESALE  PHOTOGRA- 

M  PHIC  DEPOT:  DANIEL  M'MIL- 
LAN,  132.  Fleet  Street, London.  The  Cheapest 
House  in  Town  for  every  Description  of 
Photographic  Apparatus,  Materials,  and  Che- 
micals. 

***  Price  List  Free  on  Application. 

riOCOA-NUT    FIBRE    MAT- 

\J  TING  and  MATS,  of  the  best  quality. 
—  The  Jury  of  Class  28.  Great  Kxhibition, 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal  to  T.  TRELOAH. 
Cocoa-Nut  Fibre  Manufacturer,  42.  Ludgate 
Hill,  London. 

PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

1  each — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.n.  1/85).  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  Iwst  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:  — "We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  C(  >..  have  great  pleasure  in  hearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  >>oudoir,ordrawin:r-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Blcw- 
jtt.  J.  Bri7.fi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde, Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison.  H.F.  Ilass-t, 
.T.  L.  I  iatton.  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kunc.  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Ix;e,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
"iery.  S.  Nelson.  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry, 11.  Punofka.  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
K.  F'.  Uimbault.  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Kodwell, 
E.  Rockel.  Sims  Reeves.  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright, '  &c. 
D'ALMAINE  &  CO..  20.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


T)OSS  &   SONS'    INSTANTA- 

IV  NEOUS  HAIR  DYE,  without  Smell, 
the  best  and  cheapest  extant.—  ROSS  &  SONS 
have  several  private  apartments  devoted  en- 
tirely to  Dyeing  the  Hair,  and  particularly  re- 
quest a  visit,  especially  from  the  incredulous, 
as  tney  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  of  their 
hair,  witnout  charging,  of  any  colour  required, 
from  the  lightest  brown  to  the  darkest  black, 
to  convince  tnem  of  its  effect. 

Bold  in  cases  at  3*.  6rf.,  5s.  Grf.,  10«.,  15«.,  and 
20«.  each  case.     Likewise    wholesale   to   the 
Trade  by  tne  pint,  quart,  or  gallon. 
Address,  ROSS  S    SONS,   119.  and  120.  BI- 

shopsgate  Street,  Six  Doors  from  Cornlull, 
London. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefleld  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary.  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  QBOKOI  TjEi,t,,  of  No.  I'M.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  Ijon.l-m,  Publisher,  at  No.  U(>.  Flee:  Street  aforesaid.  —  Saturday,  July  8.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


"  "When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  246.] 


SATURDAY,  JULY  15.  1854. 


C  With  Index,  price  1O<?- 
(  Stamped  Edition,  Hd. 


CONTENTS. 


HOTES  :  — 


Page 


The  Edwards  Correspondence,  by  J.  H. 
Markland  -  -  -  -  41 

A  Letter  of  Le  Neve  to  Baker  -.  Extract 
from  Bishop  Bancroft's  Will,  by  J.  E. 
B.  Mayor  -  -  -  -  42 

Sepulchral  Monuments    -          -  42 

Unpublished  Poem  by  Thomas  Camp- 
bell, by  L.  H.  J.  Tonna  -  -  44 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Successful  Guesses  — 
Dickens's  "Child's  History  of  Eng- 
land" —  The  Chits  (Lady  Russell's 
Letters)  —  Female  Parish  Overseer  -  44 


The  Lord  High  Steward  :  Warren  Hast- 
ings' Trial          -          ...     45 

Dedications  of  Suffolk   Churches,   by 
J.H.Parker        -          -          -          -     45 

.Raphael's  Cartoons  -          -  45 

MINOR  QUERIES  :—  William  de  la  Grace 

—  The   Old  Week's    Preparation  _ 
George  III.  an  Author  on  Agriculture 

—  Chinese  Proverbs   in   the   Crystal 
Palace  —  Milton's   Mulberry  Tree  — 
Clock  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin— 


'  Pasquin ' 


-      46 


MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Andreas  Cellarius  :  "  Regni  Polonia:" 
—  Richard  Culmer,  alias  Blue  Dick  — 
Ducal  Coronets  -  -  -  -  46 


Mathematical  Bibliography,  by  Pro- 
fessor De  Morgan  -  -  47 

Clay  Tobacco-pipes,  by  W.  Bates,  &c.  -     48 
Orchard       -          -          .          -  -50 

Epitaph  in  Lavenham  Church    -          -     50 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :— Tests 
for  Intensity  of  Light  and  Fluidity  of 
Collodion  _  Photographic  Hints  — 
Query  on  Mr.  Lyte's  Process  -  -51 


ueen  Elizabeth  dark  or  fair  ?_Lord 
Worth—"  Awk  "  — "  Latten-jawed  "— 
Moral  Philosophy—  Heraldic  Anomaly 
—Salutations  -Highland  Kcsiment— 


ffwct  — j-euiiimi  \^UMOIIIS  tti  rreston 
-Works  on  Bells-Madamede  Sta;;l  — 
•iuery  on  South's  Sermons  _  Bakers' 
lalltys—lIathcrleighMoor,  &c.  -  51 

MISCELLANEOUS  : 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted         -     56 
Notices  to  Correspondents  -          -     56 


VOL.  X — No.  246. 


Multrc  tcrricolis  lingua;,  ecclestibus  iinn. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LTJ  AND  SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
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other  Testaments  ;  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer  ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  and  many 
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London  :  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS, 
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tensive  Collection  of  SERMONS, 
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LIBRARIAN,  published  by  JOHN  MILLER, 
13.  Chandos  Street,  Trafalgar  Square. 


'THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 

I      RILLES,    composed    for    the    PIANO 
FORTE  by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 

London  :  Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
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HANDY  ANDY    By  SAMUEL 
LOVER. 
Just  published, 

COMIC  NOVEL  BY  THEODORE  HOOK. 
In  fcap.  8vo.,  bds.,  Is.  6rf. 

NED    MUSGRAVE;   or,  The 

Most  Unfortunate  Man  in   the  World.    By 
THEODORE  HOOK. 

Just  published  in  fcap.  8vo.  boards,  \s.  Gd. 

ADVENTURES  OF  A  BASH- 
FUL IRISHMAN.  By  W.  F.  DEACON, 
Author  of  "  Annette,"  "  November  Nights," 
&c.  £c. 

London  :  DAVID  BRYCE,  48.  Paternoster 
How. 


Now  ready,  in  8vo.,  with  Plate  and  Woodcuts, 

RESEARCHES     ON     LIGHT 

JAj  IN  ITS  CHEMICAL  RELATIONS  ; 
embracing  an  Examination  of  all  the  Photo- 
graphic Processes.  By  ROBERT  HUNT,  Pro- 
fessor of  Physics  in  the  Metropolitan  School  of 
Science.  New  Edition,  thoroughly  revised, 
with  extensive  Additions. 

London  :  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


Just  published,  in  Three  Volumes  8vo.,  price 
it.  16s.,  in  sheets. 

FASTI  ECCLESI^  ANGLI- 
CAN^E  ;  or,  A  Calendar  of  the  Principal 
Ecclesiaatical  Dignitaries  in  England  and 
Wales,  and  of  the  Chief  Officers  in  the  Uni- 
versities of  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  from  the 
earliest  time  to  the  year  MDCCXV.  Compiled  by 
JOHN  LE  NEVE,  corrected  and  continued 
from  MDCCXV.  to  the  present  time,  by  T. 
DUFFUS  HARDY,  Assistant  Keeper  of  the 
Public  Records. 

Oxford :  at  the  UNIVERSITY  PRESS. 
Sold  by  J.  H.  PARKER,  Oxford,  and  377. 

Strand,  London. 
GARDNER,  7.  Paternoster  Row. 


Just  published,  8vo.,  price  5s.  6d.  in  sheets. 
A  NGLIA  REDIVIVA;    ENG- 

rV  LAND'S  RECOVERY:  being  THE 
HISTORY  of  the  Motions,  Actions,  and  Suc- 
cesses of  the  Army,  under  the  immediate 
Conduct  nf  his  Excellency  SIR  THOMAS 
FAIRFAX,  KNT.,  Captain-General  of  all  the 
Parlianv  nt's  Forces  in  England.  Compiled 
for  the  Public  Good  by  JOSHUA  SPRIGG, 
M.A. 

— -  Kd-  TO.  <t>v\\a.  rim  IvXov  ct;  8ep<nreiav  TOIV  tSvuir. 

London,  M.DC.XLVH.    A  New  Edition. 

Oxford  :  at  the  UNIVERSITY  PRESS. 

Sold  by  JOHN  HENRY  PARKER,  Oxford, 

and  377.  Strand,  London  ;  and  GARDNER, 

7.  Paternoster  Row. 


SAXON  OBSEQUIES  illustrated 
by  ORNAMENTS  and  WEAPONS 
Discovered  in  a  CEMKTERY  near  LITTLE 
WILBRAIIAM,  in  1851.  By  the  HON.  R.  C. 
NEVILLE,  forty  Plates  from  Drawings  by 
Stanesby.  Comprising  .Ml  beautifully  coloured 
Fac-simiies,  with  a  Plan  of  the  Site. 

"In  all  respects  this  is  as  creditable  and 
complete  a  work  of  Antiquarian  Illustration 
as  we  are  acquainted  with.  The  editorship  is 
efficient,  comprising,  together  with  a  brief 
preface  and  narrative  of  facts,  a  careful  cata- 
logue of  the  quality  and  distribution  of  the 
articles,  and  the  position  of  the  skeletons  dis- 
interred, »s  well  as  a  plan  of  the  site,  and  a 
judicious  selection  of  objects  for  engraving."  — 
Spectator. 

One  vol.  royal  Ito.  extra  cloth.  Published  at 
4;.  Is. ;  reduced  to  21.  2s. 

***  Only  Eighty  Copies  remain  unsold. 

BICKERS  &  BUSH,  Leicester  Square, 
London. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  246. 


FOB  THE   PUBLICATION  OP 


EAELY  HISTORICAL  AND  LITERARY  REMAINS, 


THE  CAMDEN  SOCIETY  is  instituted  to 
perpetuate,  and  render  accessible,  whatever  is 
raluable,  but  at  present  little  known,  amongst 
the  materials  for  the  Civil,  Ecclesiastical,  or 
Literary  History  of  the  United  Kingdom  ;  and 
it  accomplishes  that  object  by  the  publication  of 
Historical  Documents,  Letters,  Ancient  Poems, 
and  whatever  else  lies  within  the  compass  of 
its  designs,  in  the  most  convenient  form,  and 
at  the  least  possible  expense  consistent  with 
the  production  of  useful  volumes. 

The  Subscription  to  the  Society  is  M.  per 
annum,  which  becomes  due  in  advance  on  the 
first  day  of  May  in  every  year,  and  is  received 
by  MESSRS.  NICHOLS,  25.  PARLIAMENT 
STREET,  or  by  the  several  LOCAL  SECRE- 
TARIES. Members  may  compound  for  their 
future  Annual  Subscriptions,  by  the  pay- 
ment of  ]Ql.  over  and  above  the  Subscription 
for  the  current  year.  The  compositions  re- 
ceived have  been  funded  in  the  Three  per  Cent. 
Consols  to  an  amount  exceeding  900?.  No 
Books  are  delivered  to  a  Member  until  his 
Subscription  for  the  current  year  has  been 
paid.  New  Members  are  admitted  at  the 
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Wednesday  in  every  month.  • 

The  Publications  for  the  year  1851-2  were  : 

52.  PRIVY     PURSE     EX- 
PENSES of  CHARLES  II.  and  JAMES  II. 
Edited  by  J.  Y.  AKERMAN,  Esq.,  Sec.  S.A. 

53.  THE    CHRONICLE     OF 

THE  GREY  FRIARS  OF  LONDON.  Edited 
from  a  MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library  by 
J.  GOUGH  NICHOLS,  Esq.,  F.S. A. 

'54.  PROMPTORIUM:  An 

English  and  Latin  Dictionary  of  Words  in 
Use  during  the  Fifteenth  Century,  compiled 
•hiefly  from  the  Promptorium  Parvulorum. 
By  ALBERT  WAY,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Vol.  II.  (M  to  R.)  (Now  ready.) 

Books  for  1852-3. 

55.  THE  SECOND  VOLUME 

OF  THE  CAMDEN  MISCELLANY,  con- 
taining, 1.  Expenses  of  John  of  Brabant, 
1292-3  ;  2.  Household  Accounts  of  Princess 
Elizabeth,  1551-2  ;  3.  Requeste  and  Suite  of  a 
True-hearted  Englishman,  by  W.  Cholmeley, 
1653 :  4.  Discovery  of  the  Jesuits'  College  at 
Clerkenwell,  1627-8  ;  5.  Trelawny  Papers ; 

6.  Autobiography  of  Dr.  William  Taswell 

Now  ready  for  delivery  to  all  Members  not  in 
arrear  of  their  Subscription. 


56.  THE  VERNEY  PAPERS. 

A  Selection  from  the  Correspondence  of  the 
Verney  Family  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 
to  the  year  1639.  From  the  Originals  in  the 
possession  of  Sir  Harry  Vemey,  Bart.  To  be 
edited  by  JOHN  BRUCE,  ESQ.,  Trea.  S.A. 

57.  REGUL^  INCLUSARUM: 

THE  ANCREN  BEWLE.  A  Treatise  on  the 
Rules  and  Duties  of  Monastic  Life,  in  the  An- 
glo-Saxon Dialect  of  the  Thirteenth  Century, 
addressed  to  a  Society  of  Anchorites,  being  a 
translation  from  the  Latin  Work  of  Simon  de 
Ghent,  Bishop  of  Salisbury.  To  be  edited  from 
MSS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library,  British  Mu- 
seum, with  an  Introduction,  Glossarial  Notes, 
&c.,  by  the  REV.  JAMES  MORTON,  B.D., 
Prebendary  of  Lincoln.  (.Now  ready.) 


The  following  Works  are  at  Press,  and  will  be 
issued  from  time  to  time,  as  soon  as  ready  : 

58.    THE       CORRESPOND- 
ENCE OF  LADY  BRILLIANA  HARLEY, 

during  the  Civil  Wars.  To  be  edited  by  the 
REV.  T.  T.  LEWIS,  M.A.  (Will  be  ready 
immediately.) 

ROLL   of   the   HOUSEHOLD 

EXPENSES  of  RICHARD  SWINFIELD, 
Bishop  of  Hereford,  in  the  years  1289, 1290.  with 
Illustrations  from  other  and  coeval  Docu- 
ments. To  be  edited  by  the  REV.  JOHN 
WEBB,  M.  A.,  F.S.A. 

THE    DOMESDAY    OF    ST. 

PAUL'S  :  a  Description  of  the  Manors  belong- 
ing to  the  Church  of  St.  Paul's  in  London  in 
the  year  1222.  By  the  VEN.  ARCHDEACON 
HALE. 

ROMANCE   OF  JEAN  AND 

BLONDE  OF  OXFORD,  by  Philippe  de 
Reims,  an  Anglo-Norman  Poet  of  the  latter 
end  of  the  Twelfth  Century.  Edited,  from  the 
unique  MS.  in  the  Royal  Library  at  Paris,  by 
M.  LE  ROUX  DE  LINCY,  Editor  of  the 
Roman  de  Brut. 

Communications  from  Gentlemen  desirous 
of  becoming  Members  may  be  addressed  to  the 
Secretary,  or  to  Messrs.  Nichols. 

WILLIAM  J.  THOMS,  Secretary. 
25.  Parliament  Street,  Westminster 


WORKS    OP    THE    CAMDEKT    SOCIETY, 

AND  ORDER  OF  THEIR  PUBLICATION. 


1.  Restoration  of  King  Ed- 
ward IV. 

5.  Kyng    Johan,    by    Bishop 

Bale. 

3.  Deposition  of  Richard  II. 

4.  Plumpton  Correspondence. 
8.  Anecdotes  and  Traditions. 

6.  Political  Songs. 

J.  Hayward's  Annals  of  Eli- 
zabeth. 

8.  Ecclesiastical  Documents. 

9.  Norden's     Description     of 

Essex. 

10.  Warkworth's  Chronicle. 

11.  Kemp's  Nine  Dales  Won- 

der. 
1J.  The  Egerton  Papers. 

13.  ChronieaJocelinideBrake- 

Ipnda. 

14.  Irish  Narratives,  1641  and 

1690. 

14.  Rishanger's  Chronicle. 
18.  Poems  of  Walter  Mapes. 

17.  Travels  of  Nicander  Nu- 

cius. 

18.  Three  Metrical  Romances. 


Diary  of  Dr.  John  Dee. 

Apology  for  the  Lollards. 

Rutland  Papers. 

Diary  of  Bishop  Cartwright. 

Letters  of  Eminent  Lite- 
rary Men. 

Proceedings  against  Dame 
Alice  Kvteler. 

Promptoiium  Parvulorum : 
Tom.  I. 

Suppression  of  the  Monas- 
teries. 

Leycester  Correspondence. 

French  Chronicle  of  Lon- 
don. 

Polydore  Vergil. 

The  Thornton  Romances. 

Verney 's  Notes  of  the  Long 
Parliament. 

Autobiography  of  Sir  John 
Bramston. 

Correspondence  of  James 
Duke  of  Perth. 

Liber  de  Antiquis  Legibus. 

The  Chronicle  of  Calais. 


36.  Polydore  Vergil's  History, 

Vol.  I. 

37.  Italian   Relation  of  Eng- 

land. 

38.  Church  of  Middleham. 

39.  The    Camden   Miscellany, 

Vol.  I. 

40.  Life  of  Ld.  Grey  of  Wilton. 

41.  Diary    of  Walter   Yonge, 

Esq. 

42.  Diary  of  Henry  Machyn. 

43.  Visitation  of  Huntingdon- 

shire. 

44.  Obituary  of  Rich.  Smyth. 
4fl.  Twysden  on  the   Govern- 
ment of  England. 

46.  Letters   of  Elizabeth   and 

James  VI. 

47.  Chronicon  Petroburgense. 

48.  Queen   Jane    and    Queen 

Mary. 

49.  Bury  Wills  and  Inventories. 

50.  MnpesdeNugisCurialium. 

51.  Pilgrimage  of  Sir  R.  Guyl- 

ford. 


WORKS 

BT  IHH 

REV.  OR.  MAITLANO. 


THE  DARK   AGES;  being  a. 

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EIGHT    ESSAYS  on   various 

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A  LETTER  to  the  REV.  DR. 

MILL,  containing  some  STRICTURES  on 
MR.  FABEK'S  recent  Work,  entitled  "The 
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NOTES  on  the  CONTRIBU- 
TIONS of  the  REV.  GEORGE  TOWNSEND, 
M.  A.,  Canon  of  Durham,  to  the  New  Edition 
of  FOX'S  MARTYROLOGY.  In  Three 
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his  Son.  2.  Puritan  Thaumaturgy.  3.  Histo- 
rical Authority  of  Fox.  8vo.  8s.  6rf. 

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CATTLEY'S  DEFENCE  of  his  Edition  of 
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TWELVE      LETTERS      ON 

FOX'S  ACTS  and  MONUMENTS.  Re- 
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TORY of  the  WALDENSES.  STO.  Is.  6d. 

A    LETTER    to    the     REV. 

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His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury ;  with 
STRICTURES  on  MILNER'S  CHURCH 
HISTORY.  8vo.  Is.Gd. 

A  SECOND   LETTER  to  the 

REV.  HUGH  JAMES  ROSE.  B.D.  ;  con- 
taining NOTES  on  MILNER'S  HISTORY 
of  the  CHURCH  in  the  FOURTH  CEN- 
TURY. 8vo.  2s.  6d. 

A  LETTER  to  the  REV.  JOHN 

KING,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Christ's  Church, 
Hull  ,-  occasioned  by  his  PAMPHLET,  en- 
titled "  Maitland  not  authorised  to  censure 
Milner."  8vo.  2s.  6d. 

REMARKS  on  that  Part  of  the 

REV.  J.  KING'S  PAMPHLET,  entitled 
"  Maitland  not  authorbed  to  ctnsure  Milner," 
which  relates  to  the  WALDENSES,  includ- 
ing a  Feply  to  the  REV.  G.  S.  FABER'S 
SUPPLEMENT,  entitled  "Reinerius  and 
Maitland."  8vo.  2s.  6d. 

An  INDEX  of  such  ENGLISH 

BOOKS  printed  before  the  year  MDC.  as  are 
now  in  the  Archiepiscopal  Library  at  Lambeth. 
STO.  4s. 

RIVINGTONS,  Waterloo  Place,  Poll  Mall. 


JULY  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


41 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  15,  1854. 


THE   EDWAKDS   CORRESPONDENCE. 

When  MSS.  have  passed,  during  a  series  of 
years,  through  many  hands,  and  have  found  at 
last  an  abiding  depository,  like  the  British  Mu- 
seum, the  Bodleian,  or  some  other  public  library, 
it  might  be  well,  for  the  information  of  literary 
men,  that  the  fact  should  be  noticed  in  the  pages 
of  "  N.  &  Q."  As  a  case  in  point,  the  correspond- 
ence of  Thomas  Edwards,  the  critic  and  poetical 
writer,  may  be  mentioned.  In  Col.  Way's  sale  in 
1834  it  was  purchased  by  the  late  Mr.  Thorpe  for 
27Z.,  inserted  in  his  Catalogue  of  MSS.  for  that 
year  (No.  242.,  marked  42Z.),  purchased  by  Mr. 
Barker,  the  editor  of  Stephens'  Thesaurus,  and 
resold,  with  the  rest  of  his  library,  in  1834  or 
1836.  The  MSS.  afterwards  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  late  respected  Mr.  Rodd ;  and  I  am 
informed  by  my  friend  Dr.  Bandinel,  that  in  1837 
the  six  volumes  were  happily  obtained  by  him  for 
the  Bodleian  library. 

This  correspondence,  as  the  late  Mr.  Evans 
told  me  in  1841,  comprises  letters  addressed  to 
Speaker  Onslow,  Geo.  Onslow,  Hon.  Philip  Yorke 
(2nd  Earl  of  Hardwicke),  C.  Yorke,  Lord  Roys- 
ton,  Richardson,  Crusius,  Dyer,  Cambridge ;  two 
letters  are  addressed  to  Pope  ;  one  to  Capel,  with 
emendatory  criticism;  J.  H.  Browne,  Dr.  J.  Hoad- 
ley,  Lovibond,  Dr.  Chauncey,  R.  Lloyd,  Birch, 
Archbp.  Herring,  Melmoth,  and  Edwards's  great 
friend  Daniel  Wray.  Many  of  these  letters,  Mr. 
Evans  added,  "  well  deserve  to  be  printed.  In 
one  of  them  there  is  a  curious  mention  of  the 
publication  of  Pope's  translation  of  the  Odyssey, 
by  which  it  would  appear  that  Pope  had  con- 
cealed the  assistance  he  received  in  the  version. 
The  letters  fill  six  volumes,  each  of  which  has  an 
index." 

^The  librarian  of  the  Bodleian  suspects  that  some 
of  Edwards's  best  letters  may  not  have  been  pre- 
served in  these  volumes;  but  still  he  considers 
that  an  interesting  selection  may  be  made,  and  it 
is  to  be  hoped  that  they  may,  at  no  distant  period, 
engage  the  attention  of  some  competent  editor, 
and  that  the  literary  world  may  be  benefited  by 
their  publication. 

^  Wounded  as  Warburton  must  have  been,  and 
bitter  as  was  his  scorn  of  what  Parr  calls  the  keen 
raillery  of  Edwards,  he  must  have  been  awakened 
by  the  ^acuteness  of  his  criticism  to  the  painful 
conviction  that,  by  a  strange  perversity  of  under- 
standing, or  depravation  of  taste,  he  had,  in  his 
notes  on  Shakspeare,  too  frequently  mistaken  that 
which  was  obvious  and  perplexed  what  was  clear. 
"There  was  an  affectation  (says  Whitaker)  equally 
discernible  in  the  editor  of  Pope  and  Shakspeare, 


of  understanding  the  poet  better  than  he  under- 
stood himself." 

When  Bishop  Hurd  speaks  of  "  the  felicity  of 
Warburton's  genius  in  restoring  numberless  pas- 
sages in  Shakspeare  to  their  integrity,  and  in 
explaining  others,  which  the  author's  sublime 
conceptions  or  his  licentious  expression  kept  out 
of  sight,"  his  admiration  of  his  idol  must  have  ob- 
scured his  taste  and  common  sense.  Mr.  Hallam 
says  with  truth,  "  Warburton,  always  striving  to 
display  his  own  acuteness  and  scorn  of  others,  de- 
viates more  than  any  other  commentator  from  the 
meaning  of  his  author."  Walpole,  and,  at  a  long 
interval,  Mr.  D'Israeli,  both  state  as  their  opinion 
that  Edwards's  volume  "annihilated  the  whimsical 
labours  of  Warburton ;"  and  we  are  told  by  Wal- 
pole that  "Warburton's  edition  of  Pope  had  waited 
because  he  had  cancelled  above  a  hundred  sheets 
(in  which  he  had  inserted  notes)  since  the  pub- 
lication of  the  Canons  of  Criticism"  (Letters,  i. 
232.)  Whether  Walpole  had  authority  for  this 
assertion  we  shall  doubtless  learn  from  the  gifted 
editor  of  the  forthcoming  edition  of  Pope,  when 
he  touches  upon  Warburton  as  a  commentator  on 
that  poet. 

Of  Edwards's  talents,  and  of  this  celebrated 
publication,  displaying  alike  great  critical  acumen 
and  the  keenest  satire,  one  opinion  seems  to  have 
prevailed.  True  it  is  that  while  Johnson  admitted 
Edwards  to  be  a  Wit,  he  gave  but  parsimonious 
praise  to  his  work,  considering  that  he  had  ridi- 
culed Warburton  "  with  airy  petulance."  In  the 
literary  intercourse  between  these  giants — per- 
sonal intercourse  they  had  none,  as  Warburton  and 
Johnson  met  but  once,  and  that  accidentally, — 
we  must  be  strongly  impressed  with  the  superior 
noblemindedness  and  generosity  of  heart  exhi- 
bited by  Johnson.  He  never  forgot  an  early 
compliment  that  he  had  received  at  Warburton's 
hands,  —  "He  praised  me,  Sir,  when  praise  was  of 
value  to  me."  His  tribute  to  Warburton,  in  his 
preface  to  Shakspeare,  is  the  more  valuable,  as  the 
eulogy  is  so  judiciously  qualified.  The  high  enco- 
mium, the  highest  he  could  pay  him — that  "one  of 
his  notes  on  Hamlet  almost  set  the  critic  on  a  level 
with  his  author," — would  have  been  appreciated  by 
any  one  but  Warburton,  whose  "  literary  tyranny 
could  not  be  exceeded,  and  has  never  been 
equalled  since  the  days  of  the  Scaligers."*  In 


*  Churchill,  Works,  vol.  i.  p.  224.  The  poet  Byrom 
had  addressed  Familiar  Letters  to  a  Friend,  on  War- 
burton's  Sermon  "  The  Office  and  Operations  of  the  Holy 
Spirit"  One  great  object  of  these  epistles  was  to 
show,  in  opposition  to  "  the  bellicose  divine,"  that 
the  main  use  of  preaching  is  to  inculcate  peace. 
This  truth  is  enforced  in  lines  of  great  beauty,  and 
in  the  most  appropriate,  gentle  language.  What 
is  the  comment  of  Warburton  ?  "  Byrom  is  very 
libellous  upon  me,  but  I  forgive  him  heartily,  for 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  246. 


corresponding  with  his  brother  prelate  Warbur- 
ton  could  thus  refer  to  and  speak  of  one  of  the 
wisest  and  best  men  of  the  eighteenth  century, — 
"  Of  THIS  Johnson  you  and  I,  I  believe,  think 
alike."  Again,  we  have  a  passage  from  the  same 
letter :  "  Had  not  Johnson's  remarks  on  the  Com- 
mentaries as  much  folly  as  malignity  in  them,  I 
should  have  reason  to  be  offended."  (1765.) 

Dr.  Parr,  in  his  Warburtonian  Tracts,  has,  in  a 
passage  of  much  feeling  and  eloquence,  rendered 
ample  justice  to  Johnson  with  especial  reference 
to  his  conduct]  towards  Warburton,  with  an  ex- 
tract from  which  I  shall  close  this  too  lengthened 
article : 

"J.  spoke  well  of  Warburton,  without  insulting 
those  whom  W.  despised.  He  suppressed  not  the 
imperfections  of  this  extraordinary  man,  while  he  en- 
deavoured to  do  justice  to  his  numerous  and  transcen- 
dental excellences.  He  defended  him  when  living, 
amidst  the  clamours  of  his  enemies,  and  praised  him 
when  dead,  amidst  the  silence  of  his  friends." — P.  184. 

J.  H.  MAHKLAND. 


A  LETTER  OF  LE  NEVE  TO  BAKER  :  EXTRACT  FROM 
BISHOP  BANCROFT'S  WILL. 

The  following  letter  is  copied  from  the  original, 
inserted  at  the  beginning  of  vol.  xxxii.  of  Baker's 
MSS.  in  the  University  Library.  The  subsequent 
fortunes  of  Bancroft's  library  are  recorded  in  the 


he  is  not  malevolent,  but  mad!"  (Letters,  p.  98.) 
When  referring  to  these  letters,  I  may  notice  that 
the  offensive  passage  regarding  the  Ark  may  have 
been  borrowed  from  Rabelais ;  but  Og,  the  King  of 
Basan,  not  Gog  or  Magog,  according  to  the  Rabbins, 
takes  the  benefit  of  the  Ark  in  the  Flood.  (Letters, 
p.  119.)  My  friend,  the  Rev.  F.  Kilvert,  has,  in  his 
valuable  volume  A  Selection  from  Warburton's  unpub- 
lished Papers,  1 841,  exhibited  the  character  of  the  pre- 
late in  a  far  more  amiable  light  than  that  in  which  it 
has  elsewhere  appeared.  We  cannot  agree  with  Hurd, 
that  "playfulness  of  wit"  is  a  distinguished  feature  of 
the  correspondence  which  he  published.  The  letter  to 
Mr.  Jane,  to  which  Hurd  refers,  but  which  was  not 
amongst  his  papers,  has  fortunately  been  recovered, 
and  given  by  Mr.  Kilvert,  and  is,  as  he  justly  ob- 
serves, written  in  the  spirit  of  a  Christian  and  a  gentle- 
man. 

I  may  here  state,  for  the  information  of  the  readers 
of  "  N.  &  Q.,'T  that  a  portion  of  Byrom's  interesting 
Journal  and  Remains,  edited  by  the  Principal  of  St. 
Bee's  College,  has,  through  the  liberality  of  his  excel- 
lent descendant,  been  just  issued  by  the  Chetham 
Society.  The  Catalogue  of  the  poet's  curious  library, 
prepared  under  the  superintendence  of  Mr.  Rodd,  was 
printed  in  1848  for  private  distribution  at  the  instance 
of  the  same  individual  — the  possessor  of  her  ancestor's 
lands,  his  books,  and  his  talents. 


Biographia  Britannica,  and  in  Cooper's  Annals  of 
Cambridge. 

11  Kic.  Bancroft,  Archiep.  Cantuar. 

"  In  Cur.  Prasrog.  Wingfield,  96. 

"  Item.  I  give  all  the  Bookes  in  my  Studdy  over 
the  Cloysters  unto  my  Successor  and  to  the  Arch- 
bushoppes  of  Canterbury  successively  for  ever,  yf  he 
my  nexte  Successor  will  yealde  to  such  assuraunces  as 
shalbe  devised  by  such  learned  counsell  as  my  Super- 
visor and  Executor  shall  make  choyce  of,  for  the  con- 
tinuance of  all  the  saide  bookes  unto  the  saide  Arch- 
bushoppes  successively  accordinge  to  my  true  meaninge  ; 
otherwise  I  bequeath  them  all  unto  his  Matlei  Colledge 
to  be  erected  in  Chelsey,  if  it  be  erected  within  theis 
six  yeares ;  or  otherwise  I  give  and  bequeath  them  all 
to  the  Publicke  Librarie  of  the  Universitie  of  Cam- 
bridge. Touehinge  this  my  bequest  and  Legacie  there 
may  be  some  defecte  in  the  same,  which  I  desire  may 
be  so  supplyed  as  that  all  my  saide  bookes  may  re- 
mayne  to  my  Successors,  for  that  is  my  cheifeste 
desire,  and  if  it  mighte  please  his  moste  excellente 
Matie  and  his  most  royall  Successors,  when  they  receive 
the  homage  of  anie  Archbushopp  of  Canterbury,  first 
to  procure  him  to  enter  bondes  to  leave  all  the  saide 
bookes  to  his  Successor,  my  desire  herein  woulde  be 
greately  strengthened. 

"  Dat.  Oct.  28,  1610. 

"Probat.  Nov.  12,  1610." 

"  Reverend  S', 

"  I  beg  you  will  attribute  the  delay  in  sending  what 
is  abovewritten  partly  to  the  Easter  Holydays,  when 
the  Office  was  not  open,  and  partly  to  a  slight  return 
of  my  Ague. 

"  The  Bp.  of  Peterb.  never  heard  of  that  Apology 
you  mention  of  Bp.  Horn,  printed  A°  1553. 

"  You  dont  inform  me  where  that  MS.  Life  of  Bp. 
Patrick  [is],  nor  can  either  the  Bp.  of  Ely  or  of 
Peterb.  tell  me. 

"  I  much  wonder  I  cant  hear  from  Mr.  Atwood  :  I 
hope  I  have  not  disobliged  him. 

"  I  am  with  all  possible  respect, 
"  Your  most  humble  Serv*. 

"  Jo.  LE  NEVE. 

"  Apr.  14,  1719. 
"  For, 

"  The  Reverend  Mr.  Tho.  Baker, 
at  Sl  John's  College  in 

Cambridge." 


St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 


J.  E.  B.  MAYOR. 


SEPULCHRAL    MONUMENTS. 

(Concluded  from  Vol.  ix.,  p.  586.) 

It  was  not  my  intention  to  have  extended  this 
dissertation  to  a  fourth  section,  but  several  pieces 
of  evidence  bearing  on  the  subject  having  come 
to  notice,  I  am  induced  to  bring  them  forward. 
The  following  curious  extract  from  an  old 


JULY  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43 


volume  in  a  Cambridge  library  is  much  to  the 
purpose : 

"Hearinge  that  he  (Hugh,  Bishop  of  Lincoln)  was 
dead,  and  his  corpse  then  a  bringeinge  into  the  gates  of 
Lincolne,  he  (King  John)  with  all  the  princely  trayne, 
wente  forth  to  meet  it.  The  three  kings  with  theyr  royal 
alleyes,  carryed  the  corpse  on  those  showlders  that  are 
accustomed  to  upphoulde  the  weighte  of  whole  king- 
domes.  From  whome  the  great  peeres  received  the  same 
and  bare  it  to  the  churche  porche,  whenne  three  arche- 
bishoppes  and  the  bishoppe  conveyed  it  to  the  quier. 
Lyeinge  open-faced,  mytered,  and  in  all  pontificall  orna- 
ments, with  gloves  on  his  handes,  and  a  ringe  on  his 
finger,  (it)  was  interred  with  all  solleynities  answerable." — 
Archaeological  Journal,  June,  1850,  p.  178. 

The  ancient  episcopal  monuments,  it  may  be 
necessary  to  repeat,  are  presumed  to  be  a  petri- 
faction of  a  similar  imposing  scene ;  an  enduring 
transcript  of  the  venerable  remains  with  all  the 
concomitant  adornments.  As  before  stated,  images 
were  sometimes  substituted  for  the  body  ;  accord- 
ingly we  are  informed  that — 

"In  1532  the  corpse  of  John  Islip,  Abbot  of  Westmin- 
ster, was  set  up  in  the  Abbey  under  a  goodly  herse,  and 
that  after  the  interment  underneath  the  herse,  was  made 
a  presentation  of  the  corpse  covered  with  a  cloth  of  gold 
of  tyshew." — Ackerman's  Westminster  Abbey,  Appendix. 

If  life  is  not  extinct  in  the  mediaeval  effigies, 
and  all  idea  of  sickness  and  languor  is  to  be  ex- 
cluded, what  alternative  remains  ?  Can  it  for  a 
moment  be  conceived  that,  in  what  has  been  de- 
signated^  in  some  quarters  "  the  age  of  faith," 
bishops  in  pontificals,  and  priests  in  eucharistic 
vestments,  implored  divine  mercy  in  health  and 
vigour  reclining  upon  their  beds  ?  When  men 
refuse  to  bend  the  knee  in  their  addresses  to  the 
Throne  of  Grace,  we  can  scarcely  imagine  them  to 
be  penetrated  with  a  deep  feeling  of  humility  and 
reverence.  A  carelessness  of  posture,  where  there 
is  no  infirmity,  is  an  act  of  positive  disobedience. 
Alloyed  with  error  as  their  creed  was,  this  accusa- 
tion is  unfounded  and  unjust.  Dark  indeed  must 
the  ages  have  been  when  such  contempt  of  the 
greatness,  glory,  and  majesty  of  God  was  prac- 
tised, and  corporeal  homage  denied.  What  a  re- 
flection on  ^the  worthies  of  the  olden  time,  with  all 
their  deficiencies,  to  fancy  that  they  performed 
their  devotions  upon  their  backs !  What  injustice 
to  the  good  and  great  of  modern  days  to  com- 
memorate them  in  marble  in  an  attitude  so  false, 
irreverent,  and  absurd!  The  signification  of 
"supine,"  according  to  Johnson,  is  "lying  with 
the  face  upward;  negligent;  careless;  indolent; 
drowsy^;  thoughtless;  inattentive." 

Diminutive  representations  of  the  liberated 
spirit  (a  kneeling  figure)  conveyed  by  angels  to 
the  heavens,  though  of  frequent  occurrence  in 
brasses  and  incised  slabs,  are  rare  in  monumental 
sculpture.  Bishop  Northwold's  in  Ely  Cathedral 
may  be  specified  in  addition  to  those  previously 
mentioned ;  and  in  a  panel  on  the  canopy  of  the 


tomb  of  Aveline,  Countess  of  Lancaster,  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  are  the  figures  of  two  angels  in 
an  attitude  of  adoration,  and  the  lower  part  of  an 
upright  female  figure  above  these,  intended  to 
represent  the  assumption  of  her  soul.  In  Flemish 
brasses  the  soul  borne  to  heaven  in  an  ample  sheet 
of  drapery  usually  appears  in  the  canopy  work  ; 
and  Abraham  is  often  figured  in  these  and  others 
as  receiving  the  spirit  into  the  abode  of  the  blest. 
It  was  considered  a  bold  step  in  the  Princess 
Charlotte's  monument  at  Windsor  to  sculpture 
her  soul  soaring  aloft  from  the  breathless  form 
enveloped  in  drapery  below;  but  a  much  more 
daring  achievement  would  it  have  been  had  symp- 
toms of  life  been  manifested  in  both. 

Many  of  these  figures  of  every  description 
(two  or  three  shrouded)  clasp  a  heart  in  their 
hands,  either  as  indicative  of  their  faith,  for  "  with 
the  heart  man  believeth  unto  righteousness,"  or 
rather,  as  has  been  ably  argued,  as  the  symbol  of 
a  liberated  soul.  It  is  an  extraordinary  emblem 
in  any  case,  but  utterly  unaccountable  in  the 
portraiture  of  animated  beings.  Of  a  sculptured 
example  we  may  mention  that  of  Bishop  Ethelmar 
de  Valence  at  Winchester ;  and  it  may  be  added 
that  a  singular  effigy  of  a  knight,  discovered  in 
1833,  in  the  isle  of  Sheppey,  bears  the  little  figure 
of  a  soul  in  prayer  carved  in  a  mystic  oval  in  his 
hands,  himself  in  an  attitude  of  prayer.  (Archaeo- 
logical Journal,  Dec.  1849,  p.  351.) 

Small  figures  of  bedemen  or  chantry-priests, 
praying  for  the  soul  of  the  defunct,  are  at  the  feet 
of  Brian  Fitzallan,  1302,  Bedale,  Yorkshire;  and 
also  of  William  of  Wykeham  in  Winchester  Ca- 
thedral. The  sides  of  altar-tombs  are  often  em- 
bellished with  figures  of  the  offspring,  as  well  as 
with  those  of  mourners  or  weepers  frequently  in 
monastic  habits,  as  whole  convents  have  been 
accustomed  in  Roman  Catholic  countries  to  form 
a  part  in  funeral  processions. 

A  pair  of  small  angels  in  numerous  instances 
support  the  head  or  pillow,  often  bearing  thuribles. 
It  is  an  easy  task  to  connect  these  ministering 
spirits  with  death,  by  a  comparison  with  an  old 
miniature  representing  the  ceremony  of  depositing 
the  body  of  Edward  the  Confessor  in  his  tomb. 
Two  ecclesiastics  support  the  head,  and  a  bishop 
is  in  the  act  of  fumigating  the  corpse  with  censers 
like  the  angels.  (Shaw's  Dresses,  fyc.  of  the  Middle 
Ages.)  A  remarkable  class  of  monuments  not  yet 
appealed  to,  named  semi-effigial,  materially  favour 
this  view  of  the  case ;  for  in  his  work  on  the 
Tombs  of  Elford,  Staffordshire,  they  are  thus 
described : 

"Elford  presents  also  an  example  of  a 'curious  but  un- 
graceful fashion  in  monumental  memorials,  namely,  an 
effigy  represented  as  if  the  upper  and  the  lower  portion  of 
the  coffin-lid  were  removed,  so  that  the  head  and  arms 
are  seen,  and  the  feet  below,  the  central  part  of  the  tomb 
being  closed  over." 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  246. 


It  is  well  known  that  Christians  of  the  Middle 
Ages  were  sometimes  buried  with  their  arms 
elevated.  In  Gonalston  Church,  Notts,  a  skeleton 
was  discovered  in  a  stone  coffin  with  a  coating  of 
fine  red  mud.  The  head  had  fallen  a  little  to  one 
side,  the  hands  had  been  placed  on  the  breast,  and 
the  left  arm  was  in  its  original  position.  Vain  is 
it  to  protest  that  holding  a  sceptre,  a  sword,  a 
book,  a  chalice,  or  a  pastoral  staff,  implies  a  degree 
of  action  incompatible  with  a  state  of  dissolution, 
for  embalmed  bodies  have  been  brought  to  view 
with  such  objects  placed  in  the  hands,  and  even 
with  open  eyes.  When  the  tomb  of  Edward  III. 
was  opened  in  the  year  1774,  "the  body  was 
richly  habited.  Between  the  two  forefingers  and 
the  thumb  of  'the  right  hand,  the  king  held  the 
sceptre  with  the  cross  made  of  copper  gilt,  and 
between  the  two  forefingers  and  thumb  of  the  left 
hand  he  held  the  rod  or  sceptre  with  the  dove." 
Without  reference  to  stern  realities,  the  poetry  of 
Longfellow  might  dispel  such  allusion  : 

"  Slain  by  the  sword  lies  the  youthful  lord, 
But  holds  in  his  hand  the  crystal  tall ; 
The  shatter'd  luck  of  Edenhall." 


"  And  there  on  the  smooth  yellow  sand  display'd, 
A  skeleton  wasted  and  white  was  laid ; 
And  'twas  seen  as  the  waters  moved  deep  and  slow, 
That  the  hand  was  still  grasping  a  hunter's  bow." 

As  before  quoted,  "  the  soul  of  the  sixteenth 
century  dared  not  contemplate  its  body  in  death ! " 
but  stranger  still,  supposing  it  to  be  the  truth,  the 
nineteenth  century  even  denies  that  the  prostrate 
effigies  of  its  forefathers  are  dead.  C.  T. 


UNPUBLISHED    POEM    BY    THOMAS    CAMPBELL. 

The  mistake  made  by  X.  Y.  Z.  in  ascribing  to 
Mrs.  Hemans  Campbell's  poem  of  Roland  the 
Brave  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  372.)  has  reminded  me  of  a 
circumstance  that  may  be  interesting  to  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 

Some  five-and-twenty  years  ago  I  went  to  dine  at 
a  friend's  house.  On  entering  the  drawing-room, 
I  found  that  the  object  of  attraction  was  an  album, 
which  had  been  presented  that  morning  to  the 
young  lady  of  the  house.  Her  name  was  Florine, 
and  the  lines  were  as  follows  : 

"  TO    FLOKINE. 

"  Could  I  recall  lost  j^outh  again, 

And  be  what  I  have  been, 
I'd  court  you  in  a  gallant  strain, 

My  young  and  fair  Florine. 
"  But  mine's  the  chilling  age  that  chides 

Affection's  tender  glow ; 
And  Love  —  that  conquers  all  besides  — 

Finds  Time  a  conquering  foe. 
"  Farewell !  we're  parted  by  our  fate, 

As  far  as  night  from  noon. 
You  came  into  the  world  so  late, 
And  I  depart  so  soon  ! — T.  C." 


Dinner  was  announced;  and  ere  it  was  half 
over,  a  loud  knock  was  heard  at  the  door,  and 
Mr.  Campbell  came  into  the  dining-room  some- 
what excited,  and  making  many  apologies  forf 
intruding.  He  was  asked  to  join  the  party,  but 
he  declined  ;  and  merely  begged  to  see  the  album, 
as  there  was  an  error  in  the  verses  which  he  wished 
to  correct.  The  album  was  brought  ;  and  taking 
from  his  waistcoat  pocket  a  small  penknife,  he 
proceeded  to  erase  the  word  "  parted"  in  the  first 
line  of  the  stanza,  and  substituted  for  it  "  severed  ;" 
which,  from  the  occurrence  of  the  word  "  depart" 
in  the  last  line,  of  course  improved  the  verses  : 
the  repetition  having  evidently  haunted  his  poetic 
ear.  The  correction  made  Mr.  Campbell  take  a 
hasty  leave  ;  he  had  another  engagement,  and  could 
not  stay. 

The  lines  were  published,  I  believe,  in  the  New 
Monthly  Magazine,  of  which  Campbell  was  then 
editor  ;  but  I  have  never  seen  them  in  his  col- 
lected poems.  L.  H.  J.  TONNA. 


Successful  Guesses.  —  Your  columns  should  be 
open  to  successful  critical  guesses.  Let  me  give 
you  one.  Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  Life  of  John  Philips, 


"  This  ode  [his  ode  to  St.  John]  I  am  willing  to 
mention,  because  there  seems  to  be  an  error  in  all  the 
printed  copies,  which  is,  1  find,  retained  in  the  last. 
They  all  read : 

Quam  Gratiarum  cura  decentium 
O  !  O  !  labellis  cui  Venus  insidet. 

The  author  probably  wrote  : 

Quam  Gratiarum  cura  decentium 
Ornat;  labellis  cui  Venus  insidet." 

I  have  referred  to  the  first  edition,  and  there 
the  reading  is  Ornat,  as  Johnson  conjectured. 

PETER  CUNNINGHAM. 
Kensington. 

Dickens' s"  Child's  History  of  England." — In 
one  of  the  last  chapters  of  this  work,  Mr.  Dickens 
gives  us  the  novel  piece  of  information  that  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham  and  the  Earl  of  Rochester 
of  Charles  II.'s  reign  were  the  same  person :  he 
ought  to  have  told  us  whether  the  Duke's  family 
name  was  Carr,  Wilmot,  or  Hyde,  as  persons  of 
all  these  families  held  the  earldom  during  the 
Duke's  lifetime.  It  may  be  rather  creditable 
than  otherwise  to  those  to  whom  the  History  is 
addressed,  to  be  ignorant  of  the  lives  and  works 
of  two  such  profligates ;  but  one  looks  for  more 
acquaintance  with  the  history  of  that  age  in  a 
writer  like  Mr.  Dickens.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

The  Chits  (Lady  RusselTs  Letters}.  —  A"  mis- 
take of  Miss  Berry,  the  accomplished  editor 


JULY  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


of  Lady  Russell's  Letters,  is  not  corrected  in 
the  new  collected  edition.  Lady  Russell  writes, 
June  12,  1680:  —  "The  three  chits  go  down  to 
Althorpe,  if  they  can  be  spared."  Miss  Berry 
conjectured  that  the  chits  were  the  Earl  of  Lei- 
cester's children,  Lord  Leicester  having  been 
mentioned  in  the  previous  sentence.  The  chits  is 
the  nickname  of  the  three  chief  ministers  of  the 
day,  Laurence  Hyde,  Godolphin,  and  Sunderland  ; 
the  last  being  the  owner  of  Althorpe.  The  poli- 
tical ballad  of  "  The  Chits"  is  well  known :  — 


"  But  Sunderland,  Godolphin,  Lory, 
These  will  appear  such  chits  in  story, 
'Twill  turn  all  politics  to  jests,"  &c. 


C.  H. 


Female  Parish  Overseer.  —  Several  instances  of 
female  parish  clerks  have  appeared  in  "  N.  &  Q. " 
I  have  not,  however,  seen  any  Note  on  female 
guardians  of  the  poor.  Will  you  give  a  place  to 
the  following  paragraph,  which  has  lately  appeared 
in  the  newspapers  ? 

"A  Female  Parish  Overseer.  —  Miss  Sarah  Matilda 
George  was  recently  nominated  at  a  vestry  meeting  as  a 
fit  and  proper  person  to  fulfil  the  duties  of  overseer  of  the 
poor  of  Misson,  Notts ;  and  the  Retford  magistrates  have 
made  the  appointment.  Miss  George  subsequently  at- 
tended a  vestry  meeting,  declared  her  willingness  to 
fulfil  the  duties,  and  received  the  balance  due  to  the 
parish  from  the  outgoing  overseers." — Record,  May  11, 
1854. 

F.  M.  MlDDLETON. 


THE   LORD   HIGH    STEWARD  :   WARREN   HASTINGS 
TRIAL. 

Haydn,  in  his  Book  of  Dignities,  records 
the  Lords  Chancellors  Thurlow  and  Loughbo- 
rough  presiding  in  the  capacity  of  Lord  High 
Steward,  the  one  at  the  commencement,  and  the 
other  at  the  conclusion,  of  Hastings'  trial.  He 
gives  circumstantially  the  minute  dates  of  their 
respective  appointments  as  such,  Lord  Thurlow 
on  Feb.  12,  1788,  and  Lord  Loughborough  on 
Jan.  28,  1793. 

But  Lord  Campbell,  in  his  Lives  of  the  Chan- 
cellors, vol.  v.  p.  575.,  expressly  states,  — 

"  The  charge  (z.  e.  against  Hastings)  not  being 
capital,  no  Lord  High  Steward  was  appointed,  and 
Lord  Thurlow,  during  the  time  he  held  the  great  seal, 
presided  over  it  (the  trial)  as  Chancellor  or  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Lords." 

It  seems  also  to  have  been  as  chancellor  that  Lord 
Loughborough  acted  :  see  Lives  of  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellors, vol.  vi.  p.  268.  Here,  then,  is  a  singular 
variance  ;  "  non  nostrum,"  &c.,  but  I  suspect  that 
Lord  Campbell  is  right  as  to  the  fact ;  let  me, 
however,  with  all  respect  question  the  reason  he 
gives  for  the  non -appointment  of  a  Lord  High 


Steward  at  this  trial.  Surely  it  was  not  because 
the  charge  was  not  capital,  but  because  Hastings 
was  not  a  peer.  I  think  it  will  be  found  that  this 
office  is  never  filled  except  on  occasion  of  a  peers 
trial ;  and  indeed,  I  may  quote  Haydn  himself, 
whose  words  are : 

"  Henry  (III.)  and  his  successors,  wisely  judging 
that  the  power  was  too  great,  in  some  measure  abo- 
lished the  office,  as,  in  the  hands  of  an  ambitious  sub- 
ject, it  might  be  made  subservient  to  the  worst  pur- 
poses. It  is  now,  therefore,  only  revived,  pro  hdc  vice, 
to  officiate  at  a  coronation,  or  the  trial  of  a  peer." 

I  should  add  that  in  Haydn's  list  of  the  holders 
of  the  office,  comprising  the  period  from  the  Re- 
storation to  the  present  time,  his  own  definition  of 
the  appointment  is,  with  this  one  exception,  strictly 
borne  out.  W.  T.  M. 

Hong  Kong. 


DEDICATIONS   OF    SUFFOLK   CHURCHES. 

As  you  have  upon  former  occasions  allowed  me 
to  make  use  of  your  columns  for  practical  pur- 
poses, will  you  again  allow  me  to  inquire  whether 
any  of  your  readers  can  supply  me  with  the  names 
of  the  saints  after  whom  the  following  churches 
are  named  in  the  county  of  Suffolk  ?  My  work 
on  the  archaeological  topography  of  that  county  is 
nearly  ready  for  publication  ;  but  I  am  still  in 
want  of  the  architectural  notes  of  a  few  churches 
and  of  these  dedications,  which  I  have  in  vain  en- 
deavoured to  find  in  any  of  the  usual  sources  of 
information.  J.  H.  PARKER. 

CHUBCHES  IN  SUFFOLK,  THE   DEDICATIONS   OF  WHICH 
ARE  WANTED. 


Lowestoft. 

Wenham,  Little. 

Ramsholt. 

Stowlangtoft. 

Poslingford. 

Whixoe. 

Wratting,  Little. 


Alpheton. 

Exning. 

Whepstead. 

Gipping. 

Harleston. 

Welnetham,  Great. 

Hargrave. 


RAPHAELS    CARTOONS. 

I  am  not  aware  whether  a  singular  mistake  in 
one  of  Raphael's  Cartoons  has  ever  been  noticed. 
The  guide-books  (authorised  perhaps  by  the  au- 
thorities) make  no  allusion  to  it.  Some  record  of 
the  error  may  possibly  be  in  existence ;  but  if 
such  is  the  fact,  it  is  not  I  think  generally  known. 
There  can  be  little  doubt,  therefore,  that  its  pub- 
licity in  your  columns  may  make  the  circumstance 
more  generally  known  ;  and  induce  the  compilers 
of  the  said  handbooks,  in  their  next  edition,  to 
"  make  a  note  of  it"  in  the  long  explanation  they 
give  of  the  cartoon  in  question.  This  cartoon  is 
said  to  describe  the  scene  mentioned  in  the  last 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  24:6. 


chapter  of  St.  John's  Gospel,  of  our  Lord's  ap- 
pearance at  the  lake  of  Tiberias ;  and  there  can 
be  little  doubt  but  that  such  is  the  scene  intended. 
Some  sheep,  to  which  our  Lord  apparently  makes 
an  allusion,  occupy  a  prominent  position  in  the 
drawing ;  while  St.  John  is  so  eagerly  pressing  for- 
ward, that  St.  Peter's  expression,  "  What  shall  this 
man  do?"  is  clearly  represented.  It  is  remark- 
able, however,  that  the  artist  has"  introduced  the 
figures  of  the  eleven  Apostles  ;  while  the  account 
in  the  Gospel  distinctly  states  there  were  only 
seven,  and  enumerates  the  names  of  five  of  them, 
with  the  words  "  and  two  other  disciples."  If  the 
mistake  on  the  part  of  Raphael  is  singular,  still 
more  so  must  be  the  fact,  that  it  appears  to  have 
been  so  generally  overlooked,  not  only  by  the 
more  uneducated  classes  who  throng  Hampton 
Court,  but  by  those  who  have  professionally 
studied  these  remarkable  works.  E.  L.  B. 

Twickenham. 


William  de  la  Grace.  —  Perhaps  it  is  rather  late 
in  a  subscriber  from  your  first  Number  now  to 
ask  the  question ;  but  in  Vol.  i.,  p.  163.,  a  corre- 
spondent quotes  the  following  from  Fenton's 
History  of  Pembrokeshire,  p.  379. : 

"  Richard  the  First  gave  Isabella  in  marriage  to 
William  de  la  Grace,  who  thus  became  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke," &c. 

Now  the  Query  I  would  submit  to  your  learned 
correspondents  is  as  to  the  name  given  to  the  for- 
tunate William  Mareschal  —  why  William  de  la 
Grace  f  LEVERET. 

The  Old  Week's  Preparation. — The  author  of 
A  Week's  Preparation  towards  a  worthy  receiving 
of  the  Lord's  Supper  after  the  warning  of  the 
Church  of  the  celebration  of  the  Holy  Communion, 
published  in  1679,  is  not  known;  but  to  whom  has 
it  been  generally  ascribed,  and  on  what  grounds  ? 

The  edition  of  1751,  which  I  have,  and  which  is 
the  fifty-first,  is  "  corrected  throughout  and  en- 
larged by  a  clergyman  of  London."  Who  was  he  ? 
WM.  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

George  III.  an  Author  on  Agriculture.  — 
George  III.,  it  is  well  known,  was  very  eagerly 
addicted  to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  towards 
the  close  of  the  last  century  he  caused  a  large 
portion  of  the  Richmond  New  Park  to  be 
ploughed  up  and  sown  with  corn.  He  also  held 
the  whole  of  the  Old  Park  in  hand,  and  Keel's 
farm  adjoining,  in  Mortlake  parish,  and  on  the 
latter  erected  great  ranges  of  farming  buildings. 
Of  his  husbandry  and  agricultural  experiments 
in  general,  however,  Mr.  James  Malcolm,  in  his 
Compendium  of  Modern  Husbandry  and  Survey  of 


Surrey,  in  3  vols.  8vo.,  London,  1805,  is  not  very 
encomiastic,  and  says  he  had  seen  every  part  of 
the  business  better  and  more  cheaply  conducted. 
His  Majesty,  it  is  said,  also  contributed  several 
papers  to  some  publication  of  agricultural  trans- 
actions. I  am  very  desirous  to  peruse  these  com- 
munications, and  would  consider  it  a  favour  in 
any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  who  will  point  out  to 
me  where  they  may  be  found.  2.  (1) 

Chinese  Proverbs  in  the  Crystal  Palace.  — 
Doubtless  some  of  your  readers  will  remember 
having  seen  some  excellent  proverbs,  which  were 
among  the  "  treasures  "  from  China,  in  the  Great 
Exhibition  of  1851.  They  were  printed  on  blue 
paper,  and  hung  in  frames  on  the  sides  of  the 
counters.  The  English  translation  alone  was 
given.  I  do  not  see  any  mention  of  them  in  the 
Exhibition  Catalogue.  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents give  me  a  list  of  them  ? 

F.  M.  MlDDLETOX. 

Milton's  Mulberry  Tree.  —  Does  the  mulberry 
tree,  planted  by  Milto'n  in  Christ  Church  garden, 
Cambridge,  when  he  was  a  student  there,  still 
exist  ?  and  in  what  condition  is  it  now  ? 

GARLICHITHE. 

Clock  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin. — The  clock  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  is  always  kept  a  quarter 
of  an  hour  slow,  and  all  university  examinations 
and  proceedings  are  regulated  by  that  time. 

Though  it  may  appear  strange  to  seek  for  an 
answer  at  the  other  side  of  the  Channel,  I  must 
ask  through  your  pages  the  reason  of  so  extra- 
ordinary an  arrangement,  and  when  it  originated? 

I  have  heard  it  stated  that  the  college  time  was 
altered  in  consequence  of  a  student  being  killed  in 
endeavouring  to  cross  the  railings,  having  been 
late  for  admission  by  the  gate ;  but  I  can  scarcely 
consider  this  a  sufficient  cause  for  a  change  in- 
volving so  much  confusion  and  inconvenience. 

J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

"  Pasquin." — Pasquin  has  been  a  convenient 
peg  upon  which  to  hang  satires  of  all  kinds.  One 
of  this  school  is  Pasquin  ;  a  New  Allegorical  Ro- 
mance on  the  Times,  with  the  Fortifivead ;  a  Bur- 
lesque Poem,  dedicated  to  the  Earl  of  Rochford. 
Published  by  the  editor,  Thos.  Rowe,  Esq.,  1769. 
Anything  about  this  production  will  be  acceptable. 

J.  O. 


Andreas  Cellarius :  "  Regni  Polonies." —  I  should 
feel  much  obliged  if  you  could  give  me  any  in- 
formation as  to  the"  rarity,  &c.  of  a  work  which 
has  lately  come  into  my  possession,  and  the  prin- 
cipal points  of  the  title  of  which  I  give  you  below. 


JULY  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


It  is  an  18mo.,  has  a  map  of  Poland,  and  about 
twenty  panoramic  views  of  the  principal  towns 
therein,  all  perfect  and  in  good  condition ;  it  is 
written  in  Latin  in  a  very  good  and  pure  style. 

"  Regni  Poloniae,  Magnique  Ducatus  Lituanise  Omni- 
umque  regionum  juri  Polonico  subjectorum,  Novissima 
Descriptio:  Studio  Andrea;  Cellarii,  Gymnasii  Hornani 
Rectore.  Amstelodami,  apud  ^gidium  Janssonium 
Yalckenier,  anno  1659." 

A  CONSTANT  READER. 

Birkenhead. 

[This  work  by  Andreas  Cellarius,  in  a  perfect  condition, 
is  extremely  rare.  The  Bodleian  Library  has  no  copy  of 
it;  and  the  one  in  the  British  Museum  is  without  the 
panoramic  views.] 

Richard  Calmer,  alias  Slue  Dick.  —  Can  you 
furnish  me  with  any  particulars  relating  to  this 
personage,  who  figured  as  an  iconoclast  during 
the  Commonwealth?  CPL. 

[Kichard  Culmer  was  born  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet  in 
Kent,  educated  in  the  Canterbury  Grammar  School,  and 
afterwards  at  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge.  He  be- 
came minister  of  Goodneston  in  Kent,  and  was  suspended 
ab  officio  et  beneficio  for  refusing  to  read  the  Book  of 
Sports  on  the  Lord's  Day.  In  1635,  being  accused  of 
perjury,  he  w£s  committed  to  the  Fleet.  After  a  sus- 
pension of  three  years  and  a  half,  he  became  assistant 
minister  to  Dr.  Robert  Austin  at  Harbledown,  near  Can- 
terbury. In  1344  he  published  Cathedratt  Newes  from 
Canterbury :  shewing  the  Canterburian  Cathedrall  to  bee  in 
an  Abbey -like,  torrupt,\ind  rotten  condition,  which  calls  for 
a  speedy  reformation  or  dissolution,  &c.  "  If  I  hold  my 
peace,  the  stones  would  immediately  cry  out." — Luke, 
xix.  40.  Two  inswers  to  the  pamphlet  soon  followed, 
The  Razing  of  fie  Record,  §-c.,  Oxford,  1644,  and  Anti- 
dotum  Culmeriai.um :  or  Animadversions  upon  a  late 
Pamphlet  by  Riclurd  Culmer,  who  is  here  (according  to  his 
friend's  desire,  ani  his  own  desert)  set  forth  in  his  colours. 
"  The  mouth  of  tlem  that  speak  lies  shall  be  stopped."  — 
Ps.  Ixiii.  12.  Oxbrd,  1644.  "  About  1644,"  says  Whar- 
ton  (  Collect.,  vol.  i.p.  77.),  "  he  was  thrust  into  the  vicar- 
age of  Minster  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  on  the  ejection  of 
Dr.  Casaubon,  wheie  he  took  down  the  cross  from  the 
spire  of  the  steeple,  iefaced  the  windows,  and  pulled  down 
the  hall  in  the  vica-age  house.  A  man  so  odious  for  his 
zeal  and  fury  that  .he  parishioners  of  Minster  had  pe- 
titioned the  parliameit  against  his  coming  to  that  place, 
where  he  lived  till  tie  Restoration."  Culmer  was  one  of 
those  appointed  by  tie  parliament  to  detect,  and  cause  to 
be  demolished,  the  superstitious  inscriptions  and  idolatrous 
monuments  in  Canterbiry  Cathedral.  «  After  the  king's 
restoration,"  says  Wotd  (Fasti,  vol.  i.  p.  448.,  Bliss), 
"  he  continued  so  zealot  in  his  opinion  as  to  engage  (as 
suspected)  in  that  hellish  plot  for  which  Thomas  Venner, 
Rog.  Hodgkin,  &c.,  ana.aptist  and  fifth-monarchy  men, 
suffered  in  Coleman  Street,  London,  Jan.  9, 1660.  But 
the  spirit  of  the  man  beinr  as  well  known  as  his  face,  he 
was  taken  posting  up  fron  Canterbury  to  London,  riding 
upon  Chatham  Hill.  Whreupon  being  committed  for  a 
time,  he,  among  several  ex.minations,  was  asked  why  he 
brake  down  those  famous  vindows  of  Christ  Church  in 
Canterbury?  To  which  he  answered,  he  did  it  by  order 
of  parliament.  And  being  ..sked  why  in  one  window 
(which  represented  the  devil  tempting  our  Saviour)  he 
brake  down  Christ,  and  left  t«  devil  standing?  he  an- 
swered, he  had  an  order  to  tak  down  Christ,  and  had  no 
order  to  take  down  the  devil.  Thereby  was  understood 


that  those  plotting  brethren  did  mean  when  they  in- 
tended to  set  up  King  Jesus,  to  pull  down  Christ."  Cul- 
mer received  the  cognomen  of  "  Blue  Dick  of  Thanet," 
because  he  wore  blue  in  opposition  to  black,  which  he 
detested.  He  died  in  the  year  1662,  and  was  buried  in 
the  parish  church  of  Monckton  in  Kent.  His  will,  proved 
May  13,  1662,  is  in  the  Prerogative  Office,  wherein  he 
styles  himself  Richard  Culmer  of  Monckton,  Clerk,  and 
mentions  in  it  his  eldest  son  Richard,  then  of  Stepney, 
gent. ;  the  time  of  his  being  possessed  of  the  sequestration 
of  the  vicarage  of  Minster ;  his  lands  in  Ireland ;  his  son 
James ;  his  daughters  Anne,  Katharine,  and  Elizabeth ; 
and  his  son-in-law,  Roe,  who  married  his  daughter  Eliza- 
beth. For  notices  of  this  renowned  iconoclast,  see  Dr. 
Calamy's  Abridgment  of  Mr.  Baxter's  Life  and  Times, 
vol.  ii.  p.  388.  edit.  1713,  and  Wood's  Fasti.  See  his  cha- 
racter in  the  History  of  the  Tryal  of  Abp.  Laud,  p.  344.] 

Ducal  Coronets. — What  is  the  reason  the  Dukes 
of  "Newcastle"  and  "Sutherland"  do  not  wear 
the  usual  ducal  coronets  over  their  armorial 
bearings  ?  CURIO. 

[We  believe  that  the  Duke  of  Sutherland  wears  the 
ducal  coronet  without  the  cap,  and  we  presume  from 
our  correspondent's  note  that  the  Duke  of  Newcastle 
does  the  same.  The  reason  for  this  rests  with  the  noble 
Dukes  themselves.] 


MATHEMATICAL  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  3.) 

I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  assure  MR.  COCKLE 
that  I  am  quite  correct  on  both  points.  Bossut's 
Histoire  generate  des  Mathematiques,  depuis  leur 
Origine  jusqu'd  Tannee  1808,  was  not  published  in 

1802,  but  in  1810.     It  has  a  list  of  mathematicians 
at  the  end,  on  which  the  fingers  of  my  left  hand 
are  placed  (the  little  finger  on  Timseus,  the  thumb 
on  Waring)  while  I  write  this  sentence. 

Bossut's  first  attempt  at  mathematical  history 
was  the  preface  to  the  mathematical  volumes  of 
the  Encycl.  Meth.,  which  appeared  in  1789.  This 
preface,  enlarged,  was  republished  by  him  in  1802, 
not  as  Histoire,  but  as  Essai  sur  T  Histoire.  This 
is  the  work  referred  to  by  MR.  COCKLE  as  Histoire. 
I  have  never  seen  a  copy  of  it ;  I  have  only  the 
translation  (by  T.  O.  Churchill,  under  the  name 
of  Bonnycastle,  as  noted  in  my  article  on  Bonny- 
castle  in  the  Penny  Cyclopaedia),  published  in 

1803,  with  a  list  of  mathematicians  at  the  end. 
When   Bossut  published  his  third   and    largest 
work,  the  Histoire,  Paris,  1810,  two  volumes  oc- 
tavo, he  added  this  list,  acknowledging  where  it 
came   from.    Bossut  does  not  call  this  a  new 
edition  of  the  Essay,  but  a  new  work.     In  1812 
he  published  Memoires  de  Mathematiques,  Paris, 
8vo.     This  volume,  besides  his  prize  essay  on  the 
arrimage   (art  of  stowage)    of  vessels,  contains 
notes  and  explanations  to  his  History,  and  a  me- 
moir of  Pascal.     In  the  preface  he  explains  that 
the  Essai  (as  he  calls  it)  was  very  well  received, 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  246. 


because  it  did  not  give  any  account  of  the  dis- 
coveries of  living  mathematicians  ;  while  the  His- 
toire,  for  a  contrary  reason,  was  sharply  attacked. 
His  sagacity  led  him  to  the  true  explanation  of 
this,  namely,  that  the  dead  could  not  speak  for 
themselves,  but  that  the  living  could. 

While  on  this  subject  I  may,  with  reference  to 
the  battle  of  the  books,  fought  at  the  British  Mu- 
seum in  1850,  quote  MR.  COCKLE'S  remark  as  one 
instance  to  be  added  to  many  of  the  advantage  of 
full  titles.  Had  I  written  the  article  in  question 
in  1852  instead  of  1842,  I  should  have  continued 
the  title  at  least  to  the  words  "1'annee  1808," 
which  would  have  given  sufficient  evidence  that 
the  work  of  1802  must  have  been  reprinted,  or 
another  substituted  for  it.  A.  DE  MORGAN. 


The  enumeration  of  ancient  mathematical  his- 
torians made  by  Montucla  at  pp.  xvi — xvii.  of  the 
Preface  to  the  first  edition  (Par.,  1758)  of  his 
Histoire  is  repeated,  in  substantially  the  same 
terms,  at  p.  v.  of  the  Preface  (Par.,  An  vii.)  to  the 
second  edition  of  that  work.  Professor  De  Mor- 
gan, at  p.  4.  of  his  excellent  References  (Lond., 
1842),  mentions  this  part  of  Montucla's  enu- 
meration without  comment,  and,  indeed,  without 
naming  Theophrastus,  Eudemus,  and  Geminus,  of 
whose  works  Montucla  regrets  that  the  only  re- 
remains  are  "  Le  peu  que  Proclus  parait  en  avoir 
extrait,  et  employe  dans  son  prolixe  commentaire 
sur  le  premier  livre  d'Euclide."  I  have  some  doubts 
as  to  the  supposition  of  Montucla  being  entirely 
well  founded. 

There  is  a  paged  index  at  the  end  of  the  Latin 
translation  (Patavii,  1560),  by  Barocius,  of  the 
Commentaries  of  Proclus.  So  far  as  Geminus  is 
concerned,  this  index  is  very  defective.  I  find 
(and  it  may  be  useful  to  know)  that  his  name 
occurs  in  the  text  of  pp.  22.  61.  63,  64.  67.  100. 
105.  108.  110.  116.  139.  143.  and  159.;  and  in 
the  margin  of  pp.  65.  102.  and  264.,  as  well  as  of 
those  just  specified. 

That  the  marginal  scholia  constitute  no  por- 
tion of  the  labours  of  Proclus,  would  seem  to  be 
clear  from  the  fact  (see  pp.  264.  and  266.)  of 
Eutocius  being  cited  in  them.  That  Barocius  is 
their  author  will  I  think  appear  when  they  are 
examined  by  the  light  of  the  middle  paragraph 
(commencing  with  "  Pra3terea,  quas"  &c.)  of  the 
third  page  of  his  Prcefatio. 

Now  the  scholiast  refers  (see  p.  264.)  to  the 
sixth  book  of  the  Geometric^  Enarrationes,  or  (as 
they  are  called  by  Montucla  in  the  Preface  to  his 
first  edition)  Enarrationes  Geometries,  of  Geminus, 
in  a  manner  which  seems  to  treat  the  verification 
of  the  reference  as  a  thing  perfectly  practicable. 
That  work  of  Geminus  has  then  probably  been 
extant  at  a  comparatively  recent  period,  and  there 
may  be  some  hope  of  recovering  it.  Is  it  among 


his  Opera  (Heilbronner,  p.  571.)  in  the  library  of 
Paris  ?  or  are  there  any  traces  of  it  in  the  Ba- 
rocian  Library  (Heilb.,  p.  287.,  art.  F.),  or  else- 
where ? 

Thomas  Taylor,  at  p.  199.  of  the  second  volume 
(Lond.,  1789)  of  his  English  translation  of  Pro- 
clus, replaces  the  scholium  just  alluded  to  (that 
at  p.  264.  of  the  Latin  of  Barocius)  by  references 
to  a  treatise  of  Simson  (Sect.  Con.,  SfC.~).  The 
parts  referred  to  do  not  bear  upon  the  present 
question,  although  they  may  give  a  portion  of  the 
information  for  which  the  scholiast  refers  to  Ge- 
minus and  Eutocius  as  accessible  authors. 

JAMES  COCKLE,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S. 

4.  Pump  Court,  Temple. 

P.  S. — In  my  former  article  (Vol.  x.,  p.  3.)  I 
omitted  to  mention  that  the  fact  of  Bonnycastle's 
name  being  John,  may  be  in  some  way  connected 
with  the  error  in  the  title-page  of  the  translation 
of  Bossut. 


CLAY   fOBACCO-PIFES. 

(VoLix.,  pp.372.  546.) 

It  is  a  somewhat  singular  fact,  and  would  seem 
to  support  the  theory  that  "something  was 
smoked "  before  the  introduction  of  the  tobacco 
plant,  that,  in  spite  of  the  supprersive  edict  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  and  the  Counterbhste  of  James, 
the  Society  of  Tobacco-pipe  Mikers,  in  the 
seventeenth  year  of  the  reign  of  the  latter,  had 
become  so  very  numerous  and  considerable  a  body, 
that  they  were  incorporated  by  royal  charter,  and 
bore  on  their  shield  a  tobacco  plant  in  full 
blossom.  It  is  also  worthy  of  remark,  that  al- 
though the  common  clay  pipe  is  entirely  different 
in  material  and  form  from  the  original  American 
pipe,  it  was  used  in  nearly  its  present  shape  at  the 
first  introduction  of  tobacco,  as  taough  before  ap- 
proved for  a  similar  use.  Clay  ->ipes,  supposed  to 
be  of  a  date  anterior  to  this  period,  have  occa- 
sionally been  found  in  the  Irsh  bogs.  An  en- 
graving of  a  dudheen,  which  w;s  dug  up  at  Bran- 
nockstown,  co.  Kildare,  sticking  between  the 
teeth  of  a  human  skull,  will  Je  found  in  the  An- 
thologia  Hibernica  (vol.  i.  p.352.),  together  with 
a  paper,  which,  on  the  auhority  of  Herodotus 
(lib.  i.  sec.  36.),  Strabo  (to-  vii-  296-)>  p°mpo- 
nius  Mela  (2.),  and  Solinu?  (c.  15.),  would  prove 
that  the  northern  nations  cf  Europe,  long  before 
the  discovery  of  America  were  acquainted  with 
tobacco,  or  a  herb  of  simlar  properties,  and  that 
they  smoked  it  through  small  tubes.  (See  note 
to  Croker's  Legends  and  Fraditions  of  the  South  of 
Ireland.) 

I  find  the  following  ftnong  my  Nicotiana,  which 
I  remember  transcribing  from  one  of  the  volumes, 
I  cannot  say  which,  o'the  Mirror : 

"  The  Inverness  Cou^er  says,  that  in  one  of  the  an- 


JULY  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


cient  chimneypieces  in  Cawdor  Castle  there  is  a  rude 
carving  in  stone  of  a  fox  smoking  a  tobacco-pipe,  with 
the  date  1510.  As  it  is  generally  believed  that  to- 
bacco was  first  introduced  into  this  country  by  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  about  the  year  1585,  it  is  singular  to 
find  the  common  short  tobacco-pipe  thus  represented 
on  a  stone  bearing  date  so  much  earlier.  The  Courier 
says  there  can  be  no  mistake  as  to  the  date  or  the 
nature  of  the  representation.  The  fox  holds  the 
fragrant  tube  in  bis  mouth,  exactly  as  it  is  held  by  its 
human  admirers  ;  and  the  instrument  is  such  as  may 
be  seen  every  day  with  those  who  patronise  the  cutty 
pipe." 

It  would  seem  strange,  unless  the  process  of 
"  smoking  something  "  had  been  familiar  to  our 
ancestors,  that  the  custom  of  "  taking  tobacco  " 
in  public  places  should  have  become  so  exten- 
sively prevalent  at  so  short  a  period  after  its 
introduction.  Malone  (History  of  the  English 
Stage)  quotes  from  the  Skialethia  a  collection  of 
epigrams  and  satires,  1598,  and  an  epigram  by 
Sir  John  Davis  of  the  same  date,  to  show  that  the 
playgoers  of  the  time  of  Shakspeare  were  wont  to 
be  attended  at  the  theatres  by  pages,  who  fur- 
nished them  with  pipes  and  tobacco,  which  were 
smoked  not  only  on  the  stage,  where  spectators 
were  then  allowed  to  sit,  but  in  other  parts  of  the 
house.  Paul  Hentzner  was  struck  with  the  pre- 
valence of  this  custom  in  England,  which,  how- 
ever, was  evidently  new  to  him.  Speaking  of  the 
playhouse,  he  says : 

"  Here,  and  everywhere  else,  the  English  are  con- 
stantly smoking  of  tobacco,  and  in  this  manner  :  they 
have  pipes  on  purpose  made  of  clay,  into  the  further 
end  of  which  they  put  the  herb,  so  dry  that  it  may  be 
rubbed  into  powder ;  and  putting  fire  to  it,  they  draw 
the  smoke  into  their  mouths,  which  they  puff  out 
again  through  their  nostrils,  like  funnels,  along  with 
it  plenty  of  phlegm,  and  defluxion  of  the  head."  — 
Journey  into  England,  1 598. 

We  must  not  forget,  however,  that  James^I,,  in 
his  Counterblaste,  asks  his  subjects  to  consider 
what  "  honours  or  policy  can  move  them  to 
imitate  the  manners  of  such  wild,  godlesse,  and 
slavish  people  ?  "  and  proceeds  to  say,  "  It  is  not 
long  since  the  first  entry  of  this  abuse  amongst  us 
here  (as  this  present  age  can  very  well  remember 
both  the  first  author  and  forms  of  its  intro- 
duction)." It  would  seem,  too,  that  the  pheno- 
menon (so  aptly  described  by  Virgil,  who  deserved 
to  be  a  smoker,  — 

"  Faucibus  ingentem  fumum,  mirabile  dictu 
Evomit,  involvitque  domum  caligine  caca.") 

which  struck  such  terror  into  the  mind  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh's  servant,  who  thought  his  master 
to  be  on  fire,  must  have  been  altogether  new  to 
that  individual ;  though  now  so  universal  that,  as 
is  pleasantly  remarked  by  Dr.  Maginn  (apud 
Fraser,  vol.  iv.  p.  435.),  "  The  mode  of  expliffli- 


cating  the  smoke  out  of  one's  mouth  is  at  present, 
as  it  were,  a  shibboleth  demonstrative  of  an  En- 
glish gentleman." 

But  I  must  beg  pardon  for  filling  up  your  space 
with  pleasantry,  to  which  a  pleasant  subject  has 
inadvertently  led  me,  and  conclude  by  remarking 
that  in  market-places  may  not  unfrequently  be 
seen  a  stall  for  the  sale  of  herb  tobacco.  I  be- 
lieve that  the  blossom  of  coltsfoot  is  commonly 
used  in  its  manufacture,  but  should  really  recom- 
mend that  experiment  of  such  "  vile  mundungus  " 
be  made  in  corpore  vili,  rather  than  a  valued  ecume, 
as  I  can  testify,  ex.  cred.,  that  the  bowl  so  used  is 
polluted  everlastingly. 

The  author  of  The  School  of  Recreation,  12mo., 
1701,  recommends  for  the  cure  of  the  wounds  re- 
ceived by  cocks  in  fighting,  to  "  Take  the  juice  of 
English  tobacco,  or  mouse  ear,  and  after  you  have 
stirred  it  up  with  a  little  lint,  bathe  the  place." 

So  much  for  European  smoking :  when  or  how 
did  the  nations  of  the  East  become  acquainted 
with  this  grand  source  of  physical  solace  ?  What 
did  they  do  before  they  smoked  ?  are  they  indebted 
to  Europe  for  this  "  bright  occidental  star,"  or  is 
tobacco  indigenous  to  the  coasts  of  Syria  and  the 
hills  of  Laodicea,  where  the  choicest  in  the  world 
is  now  produced?  When  we  consider  how  en- 
tirely the  chibouque  in  Turkey,  the  hookah  in 
India,  the  sheesha  in  Egypt,  and  the  nargilly  in 
Persia,  is  part  and  parcel  of  the  orientalist,  when 
we  take  into  consideration  his  superstitious  re- 
verence for  custom,  and  his  contempt  for  novelty 
and  innovation,  we  are  almost  led  to  suppose  that 
his  use  of  tobacco  is  of  immemorial  antiquity. 
This  would  seem,  however,  not  to  be  the  case,  if 
we  are  justified  in  drawing  such  an  inference  from 
an  observation  of  old  Sandys,  who  complains  of 
the  badness  of  the  tobacco  in  the  Levant,  which 
he  ascribes  to  the  circumstance  that  Turkey  is 
supplied  with  the  refuse  of  the  European  markets: 

"  They  also,"  says  he,  "  delight  in  tobacco,  which 
they  take  thorow  reeds,  which  have  joyned  unto  them 
great  heads  of  wood  to  contain  it.  I  doubt  not  but 
lately  taught  them,  as  brought  them  by  the  English  ; 
and  were  it  not  sometimes  lookt  into  (for  Morat  Bassa 
not  long  since  commanded  a  pipe  to  be  thrust  thorow 
the  nose  of  a  Turk,  and  so  to  be  led  in  derision 
thorow  the  city),  no  question  but  it  would  prove  a 
principal  commodity.  Nevertheless  they  will  take  it 
in  corners,  and  are  so  ignorant  therein,  that  that  which 
in  England  is  not  saleable,  doth  pass  here  amongst  them 
for  most  excellent."  —  Sandys'  Travels,  Sfc.,  folio,  1673, 
p.  52. 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

If  MR.  RILEY  cares  for  clay  pipes,  not  tobacco 
ones,  the  oldest  I  have  read  of  are  those  mentioned 
by  Wilson  in  the  Pre-Historic  Annals  of  Scot- 
land, as  having  been  found  both  in  Ireland  and 
Scotland,  similar  in  shape  to  the  modern  ones,  but 


50 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  246. 


at  a  depth  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  which 
proves  they  had  been  used  long  before  the  noxious 
weed  was  brought  to  this  country.  The  old 
women  in  Annandale,  Wilson  tells  us,  used  a  dry 
white  moss  not  long  ago,  and  said  it  was  much 
sweeter  to  smoke  than  tobacco.  It  might  easily 
be  that.  M— A  L. 


ORCHARD. 


(Vol.  ix.,  p.  400.) 

I  think  Professor  Martyn  has  gone  too  far  when 
he  went  to  the  Greek  for  his  derivation  of  such  a 
good  old  English  word  as  orchard,  more  especially 
as,  when  pronounced,  they  do  not  agree  in  sound. 
That  the  English  word  is  pronounced  orchat,  is 
only  in  analogy  with  that  of  the  vulgar  in  all 
similar  cases.  I  suspect  it  is  simply  worts-yard, 
i.  e.  herb-yard,  which  in  this  country  preceded  an 
enclosure  for  fruit-trees.  Ash  gives,  "  Wort,  the 
general  name  of  an  herb  ;  a  plant  of  the  cabbage 
kind."  Another  derivation  might  be  suggested, 
which,  though  less  probable,  I  give  for  the  sake  of 
a  remark  which  may  be  founded  upon  it,  viz. 
orts-yard,  i.e.  waste-yard.  Ash  says  under  the 
word  "  Ort  (a  word  not  much  used  in  the  sin- 
gular), the  refuse,  that  which  is  left."  It  is  es- 
pecially used  of  the  sweepings  of  cows'  looses ;  and 
this  leads  me  to  remark  that  it  is  in  the  language 
connected  with  the  farm  that  some  of  our  good 
old  English  monosyllables  are  to  be  traced.  The 
farmer  in  the  north,  and  doubtless  elsewhere,  still 
says  to  his  man,  "  Go,  unseal  the  kye,  and  sweep 
the  orts  in  their  booses  into  the  groop."  To  un- 
seal is  to  loosen  the  sow,  an  ingenious  wooden 
trap  by  which  the  cows  are  held.  Ash  says, 
"  Sowe  |(verb  int.  obsolete),  to  seal."  But  he  is 
wrong,  according  to  the  writer's  experience  ;  seal 
is  the  verb,  and  sowe  its  substantive.  Boose  is 
the  locus  standi  of  the  cow,  and  groop  (see  Ash), 
the  place  for  the  urine.  The  terms  of  driving, 
again,  ho,  gee,  &c.,  deserve  the  attention  of  anti- 
quaries, and  probably  some  of  your  "readers  may 
think  this  subject  worth  prosecuting  farther. 

R.P. 

Dr.  Johnson  identifies  the  word  with  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  ontseapb  (i.  e.  'hort-yard),  and  his  view 
seems  far  more  probable  than  that  of  Professor 
Martyn.  H.  G. 


EPITAPH   IN   LAVENHAM   CHURCH. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  369.) 

This  church  is  in  Suffolk,  but  the  following 
remarks  apply  to  both  counties.  "Prayse"  may 
here  be  a  verb,  and  "continuall"  an  adverb  for 
contirmally.  The  phrase  is  common  in  Norfolk 
among  uneducated  persons  :  "  She  continuall  do 


it."  The  "of"  in  the  next  line  maybe  a  Nor- 
folkism  too;  "I  was  a  praising  of  her"  being 
common  also.  "Ingrain"  does  not  apply  in  this 
case ;  a  painter  grains  deal  to  imitate  mahogany, 
oak,  &c.  The  word  ingrain  or  ingrained  belongs 
to  the  dyer's  trade,  and  is  solely  applied  (I  think) 
to  scarlet ;  at  least  to  such  colours  only  as  are 
obtained  from  cochineal.  The  term  Grana  fina 
was  used  by  Spanish  merchants  to  distinguish  the 
domesticated  cochineal  insect  from  the  wild  and 
inferior  kind,  Grana  sylvestra,  probably  in  igno- 
rance of  its  being  really  an  insect ;  and  the  term 
had  irremediably  taken  its  place  in  Spanish  com- 
merce, before  Cortez  had  sufficient  leisure  and 
opportunity  to  follow  his  master's  orders  in  mak- 
ing himself  acquainted  with  the  natural  produc- 
tions of  the  country  he  had  conquered.  The 
word  is  thus  fixed  in  our  language  ;  a  curious  fact, 
as  I  do  not  find  that  Keruces  (according  to  Pliny), 
early  used  by  the  Spaniards,  or  Lac,  still  earlier 
used  by  the  Indians,  were  subject  to  the  same 
misnomer;  yet  the  ancient 'Spaniards  must  have 
heard  of  the  lac  dye  through  the  Phoenicians,  even 
if  it  were  not  produced  in  Spain,  as  some  writers 
have  supposed.  F.  C.  B. 

There  are  two  or  three  misquotations  in  the 
copy  of  this  epitaph  rendered  by  your  correspon- 
dent A.  B.  E,.  As  correctness  is  desirable,  I  ven- 
ture to  repeat  the  lines,  which  are  inscribed  upon 
a  brass  plate  affixed  against  one  of  the  nave  piers 
of  this  church,  marking  the  corrections  in  Italics  : 

"  Continuall  prayse  these  lynes  in  brasse, 
[The  verb  record  is  here  obviously  to  be  understood.] 

Of  Allaine  Dister  here, 
A  clothier  vertuous  whyle  he  was 
In  Lavenham  many  a  yeare 
For  as  in  lyfe  he  loved  best 
The  poore  to  clothe  and  feede 
So  with  the  riche  and  alle  the  rest 
He  neighbourlie  agreed 
'  And  did  appoint  before  he  died 
A  spiall  [special]  yearlie  rent 
Whiehe  shoulde  be  every  Whitsontide 
Amonge  the  poorest  spent." 

"  Et  obiit  anno  dni  1534." 

Lavenham  Church  abounds  in  curious  relics, 
and  will  well  repay  the  antiquary  who  would  take 
the  pleasure  of  visiting  its  ancient  fabric.  Being 
a  native  of  Lavenham,  I  have  often  read  the  epi- 
taph noticed  by  A.  B.  R.  The  first  two  lines 
mean  "  Continuall  prayse  these  lynes  in  brass  (do 
give)  of  Allaine  Dister  here"  (i.  e.  wholieth  here). 
It  is  one  of  those  quaint  forms  of  expression  which 
still  characterise  the  old  people  of  Lavenham. 
The  town  is  not  in  Norfolk,  but  in  Suffolk,  situated 
midway  between  Sudbury  and  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

FRED.  RIBBANS. 

Grammar  School,  Leek,  Staffordshire. 


JULY  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


51 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Tests  for  Intensity  of  Light  and  Fluidity  of  Collodion. — 
On  a  recent  visit  to  my  friend  Mr.  S.  T.  Coathupe,  of  Bris- 
tol, he  communicated  to  me  two  suggestions,  which  he 
has  permitted  me  to  make  public,  and  which  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  may  prove  valuable  to  my  brother  photo- 
graphers. The  first  is  with  respect  to  certain  conditions 
of  light ;  and  to  enable  the  photographer,  previous  to  his 
commencing  his  operations,  to  have  some  idea  of  its  in- 
tensity, he  recommends  the  use  of  a  tourmalin,  or  Nichols's 
Prism,  and  a  piece  of  unannealed  glass  or  selenite,  either 
of  the  former  to  analyse  the  light  passing  through  the 
latter  substances ;  with  the  joint  aid  of  which,  on  holding 
the  former  close  to  the  eye,  and  the  glass  or  selenite  at  a 
convenient  distance,  say  two  feet,  and  directing  them  both 
to  the  sky,  the  usual  phenomena  of  polarised  light  will 
occasionally  be  discovered ;  and  according  to  the  degree 
of  intensity  of  polarisation  then  observed,  the  operator 
may  obtain  some  knowledge  of  the  time  required  for  the 
exposure  of  the  plate  in  the  camera. 

When  the  sky  fully  polarises,  he  will  of  course  allow 
double  the  time,  there  being  only  half  the  light  that  he 
•would  have  when  no  such  phenomenon  occurs  —  a  hint 
not  to  be  disregarded,  and  not  obtainable  with  the  same 
facility  and  accuracy  by  any  other  means  that  I  have  yet 
heard  of. 

The  second  suggestion  was  with  reference  to  keeping  the 
iodized  collodion  constantly  at  the  same  degree  of  fluidity : 
and  this  would  appear  to  be  readily  accomplished  by  the 
use  of  the  ordinary  specific  gravity  beads,  choosing  that 
condition  of  the  collodion  which  the  operator  deems 
best  suited  for  his  work,  and  finding  a  bead  which  just 
floats  in  the  centre  of  the  bottle :  keep  the  collodion  to 
the  same  degree  of  fluidity  by  the  addition  of  either  ether 
or  alcohol,  as  may  be  required,  the  thickening  of  the  col- 
lodion as  the  bottle  containing  it  gets  emptied  being  in- 
dicated, of  course,  by  the  rising  of  the  bead,  which,  by  the 
addition  of  alcohol  or  ether,  or  the  mixture  of  the  two, 
would  be  restored  to  its  normal  state.  Considering  the 
above  hints  as  practically  valuable,  I  have  (with  Mr. 
Coathupe's  permission)  lost  no  time  in  giving  them  the 
greatest  publicity  in  my  power,  and  I  know  not  a  better 
medium  than  "  N.  &  Q."  J.  W.  G.  GUTCH. 

No.  6.  Clifton  Villas,  Paddington. 

Photographic  Hints.  —  Having  found  much  difficulty  in 
iodizing  the  paper,  as  advised  by  DR.  DIAMOND,  from  the 
manner  in  which  it  curls  on  removal  from  the  bath,  and 
finding  that  after  the  paper  has  been  damped,  in  accord- 
ance with  that  gentleman's  directions,  it  iodizes  unequally, 
thus  spoiling  the  negative,  I  have  tried  a  method  which 
entirely  remedies  the  inconvenience ;  and  as  I  am  pretty 
sure  others,  especially  young  photographers,  have  found, 
or  will  experience  like  difficulties,  I  beg  to  offer  it  for  their 
use.  I  cut  the  paper  about  half  an  inch  larger  than  the 
size  required,  and  fold  back  a  quarter  of  an  inch  of  each 
end,  which,  rendering  the  paper  rigid,  no  warping  ensues, 
ana  the  after  process  with  the  glass  rod  is  perfectly  easy, 
and  there  is  not  any  fear,  with  a  little  care,  of  having  the 
back  soiled. 

I  have  found  also  that  where  the  pins  went  through  the 
paper  during  drying,  on  developing,  very  generally,  a 
double  fleck  from  the  pin-hole  spread  right  up  the  nega- 
tive, and  thus  spoiled  it.  I  tried  various  means,  until  I 
tried  the  finer  sort  of  hair  pins  used  by  ladies,  which, 
being  lacquered,  answer  admirably.  I  have  not  had  one 
spoiled  since.  I  bend  the  pin  like  a  shepherd's  crook,  and 
place  the  end  through  a  tape  hung  across  a  room,  and  pass 
the  longer  end  through  the  paper,  as  by  such  means  the 
paper  hangs  on  the  uninjured  part  of  the  pin ;  otherwise, 


when  bent  by  myself,  probably  the  metal  may  be  exposed, 
and  the  paper  be  thus  spoiled.  T.  L.  MERBITT. 

Maidstone. 

Query  on  Mr.  Lyte's  Process.  —  Will  you  allow  me  to 
put  a  Query  with  reference  to  MR.  LYTE'S  instantaneous 
process,  described  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  570.  ?  Is  there 
not  some  mistake  in  the  method  of  preparing  solution 
No.  1.  ?  Two  hundred  grains  of  nitrate  of  silver  are  to  be 
dissolved  in  six  ounces  of  distilled  water,  and  as  much 
iodide  of  silver  as  will  dissolve.  Iodide  of  silver  being  in- 
soluble in  water,  of  course  none  of  it  will  dissolve. 

C.  H.  C. 


to  $Ktt0r 

Curious  Prints  (Vol.  v.,  p.  585.).  —  With  re- 
ference to  curious  prints  I  send  you  an  account  of 
a  satirical  print  inserted,  by  some  former  pos- 
sessor of  the  work,  in  my  copy  of  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  at 
p.  453.  of  vol.  ix.  It  has  reference,  I  should  sup- 
pose, to  some  event  in  the  life  of  the  famous 
John  Wilkes. 

The  print  is  headed  "Midas,  or  the  Surrey 
Justice."  At  a  table  is  seated  a  person  in  a  large 
full-bottomed  wig,  with  ass's  ears  sticking  out  of 
it,  writing;  before  him  lies  a  paper  with  these 
words :  "  Sir,  send  me  the  ax  Rel  Latin  to  a 
Gustus  of  Pease."  Behind  him  stands  a  tall 
figure,  dressed  according  to  the  fashion  of  Wilkes's 
time,  with  ruffles,  &c. ;  and  out  of  his  mouth  pro- 
ceeds a  scroll  inscribed  with  these  words,  "  Not 
satisfied  with  the  murder  of  the  English,  he  must 
also  murder  the  English  language."  This  figure, 
I  conclude,  represents  John  Wilkes. 

On  the  table  are  papers  inscribed  "  Warrants," 
"  Commitments  ;  "  also  a  book  labelled  "  Fen- 
ning's  Spelling,"  and  a  gun,  with  this  inscription 
on  the  barrel,  "  The  present  practice  of  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace."  Under  the  table,  on  two  folio  vo- 
lumes, labelled  the  "  Statutes  at  Large,"  lies  a 
cat  asleep.  In  the  upper  left-hand  corner  is  a 
fox  seated  on  a  hill,  holding  in  his  right  fore  paw 
a  sword,  and  in  his  left  a  pair  of  scales ;  in  one 
scale  is  a  cock,  and  in  the  other  a  goose.  In  the 
left  corner  below  stands  a  chamber  utensil,  with  a 
large  folio  before  it,  as  if  to  conceal  it.  The 
justice  is  in  a  dressing-gown  and  slippers,  and 
seated  in  a  very  large  arm-chair. 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  afford  any  ex- 
planation of  this  print,  as  to  date,  &c.  ?  1. 11.  R. 

De  Beauvoir  Pedigree  (Vol.ix.,  pp.  349. 596.). — 
MR.  EDGAR  MACCULLOCH  is  in  error  in  his  sup- 
position that  the  lady,  who  was  widow  of  Admiral 
M'Dougal,  and  afterwards  wife  of  Sir  John 
Brown  (now  De  Beauvoir),  was  the  daughter  and 
heiress  of  the  Rev.  Peter  de  Beauvoir,  her  affinity 
to  him  being  that  of  first  cousin,  by  the  half  blood, 
ex  parte  materna ;  in  which  character  she  was  his 
sole  next  of  kin,  according  to  the  statutes  for  the 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  246. 


distribution  of  the  personal  estates  of  intestates. 
It  may  assist  MR.  THOMAS  RUSSELL  POTTER,  your 
first  correspondent  on  this  subject,  in  the  object 
of  his  inquiries,  and  save  him  the  trouble  of  fol- 
lowing a  wrong  track,  to  state  how  this  relation- 
ship arose.  The  Rev.  Peter  Beauvoir  was  only 
child  of  Osmond  Beauvoir  of  Downham  Hall  in 
Essex  (ob.  1757),  by  Elizabeth  his  wife,  who  was 
daughter  and  heiress  of  John  Beard,  Esq.,  Gover- 
nor of  Bengal.  Mary,  the  widow  of  Governor 
Beard,  and  mother  of  Elizabeth  Beauvoir,  married 
secondly  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.,  of  East  Harling, 
Norfolk  ;  and  by  him  was  also  mother  of  Richard 
Wright,  Esq.,  who  was  father  (with  other  chil- 
dren) of  Mary,  the  wife,  first,  of  Admiral  John 
M'Dougal,  and  afterwards  of  Sir  John  Edmond 
Brown,  an  Irish  baronet.  This  gentleman  assumed 
the  name  of  De  Beauvoir,  as  much  I  presume 
from  its  euphony  over  that  of  Brown  as  in  testi- 
mony of  the  large  fortune  he  had  with  his  wife, 
to  the  entire  exclusion  of  her  nephews  and  nieces, 
the  children  of  her  late  brother  the  Rev.  James 
Wright;  who,  by  the  accident  of  their  father's 
death  before  Peter  Beauvoir,  were,  in  law,  one 
degree  too  remote  in  succession  to  his  property. 
To  return  to  the  Beauvoir  family :  Osmond, 
above  mentioned,  who  was  son  of  a  Richard 
Beauvoir,  or  De  Beauvoir,  of  Hackney,  in  Mid- 
dlesex, had  a  sister  Rachel  Beauvoir  married  to 
Francis  Tyssen  of  Hackney,  Esq.,  by  whom  she 
had,  besides  other  children  whose  legitimate 
descendants  have  failed,  a  daughter  Mary,  wife 
of  Richard  Benyon,  Esq.,  whose  grandson,  the 
late  Richard  Pawlett  Wrighte  Benyon,  changed 
his  name  to  De  Beauvoir ;  and  was  certainly  a 
descendant  of  that  family,  and,  although  too  re- 
mote to  participate  as  next  of  kin  in  the  personal 
estate,  was  probably  the  heir-at-law  of  Peter 
Beauvoir. 

Mary,  the  wife,  first  of  Governor  Beard,  and 
afterwards  of  John  Wright,  is  also  stated  to  have 
been  a  Beauvoir  by  birth ;  but  this  wants  proof. 
Your  correspondents  may  satisfy  themselves  as  to 
the  other  facts  in  the  pedigree,  dates,  &c.,  by  in- 
specting the  records  of  the  proceedings  in  Chan- 
cery in  the  cause  M'Dougal  v.  De  Beauvoir,  circ. 
1822  ;  and  of  the  more  recent  proceedings  in  De 
Beauvoir  ».  De  Beauvoir,  instituted  by  the  baronet, 
also  in  Chancery,  in  1846.  G.  A.  C. 

Coaches  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  98.).  —  The  words  of  the 
old  song  were,  as  I  remember  them,  — 

"  If  the  coach  goes  at  nine,  pray  what  time  goes  the 

basket, 
For  there  I  can  sit,  and  sing  Langolee  ?  " 

Can  any  correspondent  say  where  this  old  song 
can  be  found  ?  I.  R.  R. 

"  Quod  fuit  esse"  SfC.  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  235.).  — 
MR.  EDGAR  MACCULLOCH'S  version  of  this  enig- 


matical epitaph  was  corrected  by  another  corre- 
spondent in  p.  342.,  same  volume  ;  who  ought  not 
however  to  have  supplied  any  pointing.  For 
other  conjectural  readings  or  translations,  refer 
to  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Feb.  1840.  See  also 
Ecclesiastes,  i.  9.  and  seq.,  and  iii.  15.  G.  A.  C. 

Was  Queen  Elizabeth  dark  or  fair  f  (Vol.  v., 
pp.  201.  256. ;  Vol.  vi.,  p.  497.).  — I  send  you  the 
following  description  of  her  from  one  who  cer- 
tainly had  no  great  cause  to  be  very  partial  to 
her  : 

"  Sliee  was  a  lady  upon  whom  nature  had  bestowed, 
and  well  placed,  many  of  her  fayrest  favors ;  of  stature 
meane,  slender,  streight,  and  amiably  composed  ;  of  such 
state  in  her  carriage,  as  every  motion  of  her  seemed  to 
beare  majesty :  her  haire  was  inclined  to  pale  yellow,  her 
foreheade  large  and  faire,  and  seemeing  seat  for  princely 
grace  j  her  eyes  lively  and  sweete,  but  short-sighted ;  her 
nose  somewhat  rising  in  the  middest.  The  whole  com- 
passe  of  her  countenance  somewhat  long,  but  yet  of  ad- 
mirable beauty ;  not  so  much  in  that  which  is  termed  the 
flower  of  youth,  as  in  a  most  delightfull  compositione  of 
majesty  and  modesty  in  equall  mixture  .  .  .  Her  vertues 
were  such  as  might  suffice  to  make  an  Ethiopian  beauti- 
full ;  which,  the  more  man  knows  and  understands,  the 
more  he  shall  love  and  admire.  In  life,  shee  was  most 
innocent ;  in  desires,  moderate ;  in  purpose,  just ;  of  spirit, 
above  credit  and  almost  capacity  of  her  sexe :  of  divine 
witt,  as  well  for  depth  of  judgment,  as  for  quick  conceite 
and  speedy  expeditione;  of  eloquence,  as  sweet  in  the 
utterance,  soe  ready  and  easy  to  come  to  the  utterance ; 
of  wonderful  knowledge,  both  in  learning  and  affayres ; 
skilfull  not  only  in  Latine  and  Greeke,  but  alsoe  in  divers 
foraigne  languages.  None  knew  better  the  hardest  art  of 
all  others,  that  of  commanding  men ;  nor  could  more  use 
themselves  to  those  cares,  without  which  the  royall  dig- 
nity could  not  be  supported.  Shee  was  relligeous,  mag- 
nanimous, mercifull  and  just." — Annals  of  the  First  Four 
Years  of  the  Re.ign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  by  Sir  John 
Hayward,  Knight,  D.C.L.,  p.  449. 

Hayward  wrote  the  commencement  of  a  Life  of 
Henry  IV.,  dedicated  to  the  Earl  of  Essex ;  a 
seditious  pamphlet  "  as  it  was  termed,"  says  Lord 
Bacon,  for  which  he  was  committed  to  prison,  the 
queen  being  anxious  to  subject  him  to  very  severe 
treatment.  R-  J-  SHAW. 

Lord  North  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  317.  207. ;  Vol.  viii., 
pp.  183.  230.  303.).  —  Respecting  any  personal 
likeness  supposed  to  exist  between  George  III. 
and  Lord  North,  I  am  able  to  confirm  the  fact  by 
stating  that  last  autumn,  at  Appuldercombe  [then 
on  sale,  being  the  property  of  Earl  Yarborough], 
Isle  of  Wight,  there  were  lying  for  removal  to  his 
Lordship's  other  seat  in  Lincolnshire,  two  por- 
traits, one  of  George  III.,  the  other  of  Lord 
North,  by  Wm.  Wynne  Ryland,  1778,  and  mea- 
suring, as  far  as  I  recollect,  about  twelve  inches 
by  seven. 

The  similarity  between  the  two  was  exceedingly 
striking  ;  and  this  idea  was  strengthened^  in  the 
minds  of  two  friends  and  myself,  by  placing  the 
smaller  representative  of  Lord  North  by  the  side 


JULY  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


of  the  larger  proportions  of  his  Majesty.  At  all 
events,  an  original  of  Lord  North,  and  more  to  be 
relied  on  than  an  apocryphal  print,  has  been  found. 

FURVUS. 
Plumstead  Common. 

"Awk"  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  310.  438.  602.).— This 
word  probably  exists  in  a  compound  form  in 
Notts.  A  man  who  habitually  uses  his  left  hand 
instead  of  his  right,  and  such  instances  are  not 
uncommon  (indeed,  these  people,  as  labourers, 
carpenters,  and  the  like,  seem  stronger  than  the 
ordinary  right-handed  folk),  is  called  by  the  com- 
monalty, with  no  meaning  of  contempt  attached 
to  the  word,  "  bollocky,"  or  "  bollocky-paw."  The 
word  "bolbull"  (as  that  animal  is  proverbially 
awkward),  and  auk  =  the  left  hand,  may  contri- 
bute to  its  formation ;  unless  "  bollocky"  be  an 
adjective  derived  from  bollock  (?)  =  bullock. 

"  Latten-jawed." — In  the  above  county  I  once 
witnessed  a  person  falling  under  the  displeasure 
of  a  low  fellow,  who  entitled  him  (cum  multis  aliis) 
a  " latten-jawed  devil:"  meaning,  I  suppose,  that 
the  unfortunate  recipient  of  his  epithets  was  a 
brazen-faced  specimen  of  the  horned  and  cloven- 
footed  fraternity  —  latten  being  a  composition  with 
much  of  the  nature  of  brass.  FURVUS. 

Plumstead  Common. 

Moral  Philosophy  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  351.).  —  Your 
correspondent  H.  P.  is  informed  that  the  following 
writers  on  moral  philosophy  (whose  works  are  still 
in  repute,  though  scarce),  of  the  period  specified 
by  him,  are  mentioned  by  Watt,  in  his  Bibliotheca 
Britannica : 

"  1.  A  Treatise  on  Moral  Philosophy,  by  William  Bald- 
wyne,  anno  1547.  This  work  passed  through  many  edi- 
tions, and  was  enlarged  03'  Thomas  Palfreyman,  anno 
1564  and  1584." 

"  2.  The  Moral  Philosophy  of  Doni,  translated  by  Sir 
Thomas  North,  anno  1570." 

"3.  The  Nosegay  of  Moral  Philosophy,  by  Thomas 
Crewe,  anno  1580  ;  a  small  work." 

"  4.  Christian  Ethickes,  or  Moral  Philosophy,  by  Wil- 
liam Fulbeck,  anno  1587." 

"  5.  A  similar  work  by  Lod.  Bryskett,  anno  1606." 

"  6.  De  Compescendis  Animi  Affectibus,  &c.,  by  Aloy- 
sius  Luisinus,  anno  1562." 

"  7.  The  Golden  Cabinet  of  Moral  Philosophy,  by  Wil- 
liam Jewell,  anno  1612.  A  translation  from  the  French." 

"8.  Totius  Philosophic  Humanse  Digestio,  by  the 
celebrated  Hieron.  Wildenberg,  anno  1571." 

Other  works  of  a  later  date  (I  need  not  inform 
him)  are  very  numerous.  C.  H. 

Heraldic  Anomaly  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  298.  430.) I 

beg  to  thank  TEE  BEE  for  his  interesting  informa- 
tion regarding  the  old  gate  of  Clerkenwell,  though 
he  has  slightly  mistaken  the  object  of  my  inquiry, 
which  was  not  for  examples  of  arms  surmounted 
with  a  cross  in  chief —  by  no  means  uncommon  — 
but  of  the  anomalous  custom  of  bearing  the  pa- 


ternal and  maternal  coats  impaled ;  as,  for  instance,, 
on  St.  John's  Gate,  Clerkenwell,  where,  by  TEE 
BEE'S  account,  may  be  seen  a  chevron  engrailed, 
between  three  roundles,  impaling  a  cross  flory, 
Docwra  and  Lamplugh,  as  described  in  my  com- 
munication at  p.  298. 

Apropos  of  these  ancient  escutcheons.  Being 
in  the  island  of  Rhodes  a  few  years  ago,  I  was 
shown  by  Mr.  Wilkinson,  the  then  British  consul, 
some  stones  bearing  the  royal  blazonry  of  Eng- 
land, as  well  as  other  arms  of  English  knights,  of 
the  fifteenth  century,  or  perhaps  earlier,  that  had 
once  ornamented  the  front  of  the  auberge  of  that 
venerable  Language.  This  old  palace,  situated  in 
the  Strada  dei  Cavalieri,  falling  into  a  dilapidated 
state,  had  been  sold  to  a  Jew,  who  pulled  it  down, 
and  utterly  demolished  it  "  from  turret  to  found- 
ation stone."  Mr.  Wilkinson,  with  laudable  zeal, 
had  saved  the  armorial  bearings  of  its  former 
knightly  possessors  from  total  loss  and  destruction 
by  purchasing  them.  Is  it  not  a  subject  for 
regret,  that  these  interesting  memorials  of  Eng- 
land's chivalry  are  not  placed  for  preservation  in 
the  British  Museum  ?  JOHN  o'  THE  FOED. 

Malta. 

Salutations  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  420.).  —  In  Shropshire 
the  usual  valediction  among  the  poor  is,  "  I  wish 
you  good  luck,"  instead  of  the  more  common  "  I 
wish  you  good  day,"  or  "  Good  bye."  This  brings 
to  mind  Psalin  cxxix.  8. : 

"  So  that  they  who  go  by  say  not  so  much  as  '  The 
Lord  prosper  you :  we  wish  you  good  luck  in  the 
name  of  the  Lord.' " 

The  valediction  "  Good  day  "  was  originally  '|  God 
give  you  good  day ; "  it  is  now  lost  in  the  inane 
"  Good  morning  "  of  the  present  day. 

WM.  FHASER,  B.  C.  L 

Highland  Regiment  (Vol.ix.,  p.  493.) — ARTHUR 
is  informed  that  the  dirk  is  still  worn  by  officers 
in  the  Highland  regiments,  in  addition  to  the 
broadsword.  In  undress  it  is,  sometimes  at  least, 
worn  alone.  The  Reichudain  Dubh  Black-watch, 
or  42nd  regiment,  had  broadswords  and  steel-hilted 
pistols  supplied  them  by  their  officers  for  some  of 
their  early  campaigns.  They  used  them,  I  be- 
lieve, at  Fontenoy ;  but  on  their  return  home, 
the  weapons  were  placed  in  store,  and  never  re- 
issued. The  white  shell -jacket  is  merely  the  white 
waistcoat  formerly  worn  with  an  open  breasted 
coatee,  and  now,  with  the  addition  of  sleeves,  worn 
alone  as  an  undress  garment. 

FRANCIS  JOHN  SCOTT. 

Tewkesbury. 

Heraldic  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  398.).  —  Cm  is  respect- 
fully informed  that  B.'s  issue,  having  no  paternal 
coat  of  their  own  to  quarter  it  with,  can  make  no 
use  of  their  mother's  coat.  If  they  had  had  arms 


54 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  246. 


of  their  own,  they  could  then  have  quartered  their 
mother's  with  them,  but  in  any  case  the  crest  and 
motto  would  have  been  lost  to  them :  for  as  a  lady 
has  no  right  to  either,  she  cannot  convey  to  her 
children  what  she  never  possessed  herself. 

The  "  dead  set "  young,  ignorant  wives  of  the 
present  day  are  making  at  the  husband's  crest  is 
really  amusing.  A  lady  has  as  much  right  to  the 
crest  as  to  the  beard  or  the  breeches,  and  there- 
fore the  sooner  it  is  banished  from  her  note-paper, 
envelopes,  and  pencilcase  top,  the  better. 

Another  correspondent  asks  if  a  peer's  younger 
son  may  use  the  supporters?  Even  the  eldest 
son  must  not  do  that  till  he  gets  his  own  head  into 
the  coronet  by  the  death  of  his  father.  P.  P. 

Bishops  vacating  their  Sees  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  450.).— 
The  ex-bishop  of  Bombay  has  recently  become  the 
"parish  priest"  of  Bath.  ANON. 

*'«  Aches"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  351.).  — S.  S.  asks  if 
there  is  any  rhyme  earlier  than  that  of  Butler, 
showing  the  old  fashion  of  pronouncing  ache.  In 
Spenser's  Shepherd's  Calendar,  I  find  he  makes 
ache  rhyme  with  match.  M — A  L. 

"Hogmanay"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  495.). — Among  the 
many  conjectures  which  have  been  offered  on  this 
subject,  the  following  extract  may  be  considered 
not  unworthy  of  notice  from  a  paper  in  The  Bee 
(vol.  xvi.  p.  17.,  July  10,  1793),  edited  by  James 
Anderson,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  Edinburgh : 

"  Translations  from  Snorro1  s  '  History  of  Scandinavia.' 
—  King  Hako  was  a  good  Christian  before  he  came  to 
Norway  (he  had  been  baptized  in  England  during  his 
residence  at  the  Court  of  Athelstane),  but  as  all  the 
inhabitants  of  Norway,  particularly  the  nobility,  were 
heathens,  and  much  addicted  to  the  worship  of  their 
false  gods ;  and  as  Hako  stood  much  in  need  of  the 
assistance  of  the  nobility,  as  well  as  of  the  favour  of 
the  people,  he  thought  it  most  advisable  to  exercise  his 
own  religion  in  private.  He  observed  the  Sundays, 
and  fasted  on  Fridays,  and  was  not  unmindful  of  the 
other  holidays  of  the  Church.  He  made  a  law  for 
fixing  the  heathen  feast  of  Yole  on  the  same  day  the 
Christians  kept  Christmass.  Hogg-night  preceded,  and 
was  usually  observed  on  the  shortest  day  in  the  year. 
The  feast  of  Yole  continued  for  three  days  thereafter." 

The  editor  remarks  on  the  above  in  a  foot-note : 

"  The  reader  will  here  observe  the  genuine  deriva- 
tion of  the  word  Yole,  and  also  of  the  name  generally 
given  to  the  night  preceding  that  festival,  Hogg-monay. 
The  first  appears  to  have  been  the  ancient  heathen 
name  of  their  greatest  holiday,  and  the  word  hogg,  to 
kill  or  make  slaughter." 

He  farther  remarks : 

"  The  feast  of  Christmass,  or  Yule,  is  held  for  three 
days  together  in  Aberdeenshire  at  this  day."  (1793.) 

At  the  present  time,  in  the  west  of  Scotland, 
hogmanay  is  observed  on  the  last  day  of  the  year 


among  the  people,  merely  in  a  friendly  calling 
upon  one  another  at  their  houses,  and  also  in  pre- 
parations for  the  jovial  celebration  of  New  Year's 
Day.  Nearly  half  a  century  ago  it  was  customary 
on  hogmanay,  for  bands  of  boys  and  girls  to 
assemble  at  the  doors  of  houses,  and  sing  the 
following  : 

"  Hogmanay 
Drol-ol-ay 

Unless  I  get  some  bread  and  cheese, 

I'll  wait  at  your  door  all  day." 

who  were  generally  dismissed  with  some  small 
present  in  money,  a  piece  of  currant-bun,  or  the 
eatables  they  demanded.  G.  N. 

The  meaning  of  the  word  hogmanay,  as  applied 
in  Scotland  to  the  last  day  of  the  year,  is,  "  Hug 
me  now,  for  you  will  not  have  me  long ;"  or  rather, 
"  Make  much  of  me,  for  I  shall  soon  be  gone." 

S.  R. 

General  Whitelocke  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  201.455.).— 

[In  reply  to  the  many  inquiries  and  researches  of 
correspondents  relative  to  the  place  of  sepulture  of 
John  "Whitelocke,  Esq.  (ci-devant  lieut. -general),  we 
are  enabled  to  state  that  it  was  at  Bristol.  We  have 
the  subjoined  communication  transmitted  to  us  from 
a  friend  who  has  received  it  from  a  gentleman  who 
lately  visited  the  cathedral.  We  have  no  doubt  it 
will  be  found  correctly  stated,  though  the  writer  had 
not  any  writing  apparatus  at  hand  to  copy  it,  and 
solely  trusted  to  his  memory.] 

I  went  to  Bristol  yesterday,  and  on  my  return 
from  Clifton  went  into  the  cathedral,  where  I  was 
shown  (as  I  anticipated)  the  grave  of  General 
Whitelocke.  He  lies  in  the  centre  of  the  west 
aisle.  A  small  unpretending  slab  of  white  marble, 
about  eighteen  inches  square,  placed  diamond- 
wise,  marks  the  spot,  and  upon  it  are  these  words : 
"  JOHK  WHITELOCKE,  ESQ., 

Of  Clifton. 

Died  the  23rd  day  of  October,  1833, 
Greatly  regretted." 

These,  I  believe,  are  the  exact  words.  Service 
was  being  performed  at  the  time,  and  not  having 
a  piece  of  paper  with  me,  I  was  obliged  to  trust 
my  memory  till  I  got  home,  when  I  immediately 
committed  them  to  writing.  2.  (1) 

"Putting  a  spoke  in  his  wheel"  (Vol.  ix.,  p. 
601.). — I  think  your  correspondent  MB.  HAZEL 
has  hit  the  true  and  obvious  meaning  of  the  above 
phrase:  if  you  would  clinch  it  at  this  point  with 
an  authority,  here  is  an  early  application  of  it  as 
an  obstruction. 

In  A  Memorial  of  God's  last  Twenty-nine  Years' 
Wonders  in  England  for  its  Preservation  and  De- 
liverance from  Popery  and  Slavery,  1689,  the 
'  author,  speaking  of  the  zeal  exerted  by  the  par- 
liament of  James  H.  against  arbitrary  government, 


JULY  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


tells  us  that  two  very  good  acts  had  lately  been 
procured  for  the  benefit  of  the  subject ;  one  "  for 
disbanding  the  army,"  "  the  other  a  bill  of  habeas 
corpus,  whereby  the  government  could  not  any 
longer  detain  men  in  prison  at  pleasure  as  for- 
merly ;  both  which  bills  were  such  spokes  in  their 
chariot  wheels  that  made  them  drive  much 
heavier."  J-  O. 

'  Peculiar  Customs  at  Preston  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  562.). 
—  ANON,  may  rest  assured  he  has  been  made  the 
victim  of  a  hoax  about  widows'  caps,  disuse  of 
mourning,  &c.,  in  Preston.  These  matters  are 
just  as  much  conformed  to  by  all  persons  laying 
the  smallest  claim  to  respectability  in  Preston  as 
elsewhere ;  and  the  old  excuse  from  an  unpunctual 
tailor,  "  Sorry  to  disappoint  you,  sir,  but  we  had 
a  large  order  for  mourning,"  is  just  as  common 
here  as  in  other  places.  If  ANON,  will  tell  us  what 
other  strange  customs  he  has  heard  imputed  to 
us,  we  shall  be  able  to  inform  him  through  your 
columns  whether  or  not  he  has  been  deceived. 

P.P. 

Works  on  Sells  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  240.). — In  re- 
ference to  the  list  of  works  on  bells,  I  beg  to  in- 
close you  the  following  extract,  which  perhaps 
may  interest  some  of  your  correspondents,  the 
REV.  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE  among  them : 

"  Sacerdotes  Graeci  jam  inde  ab  iis  temporibus,  quibus 
sub  Turcica  tyrannide  esse  cceperunt  ecclesias  Graecse, 
ligneo  instrumento,  quod  HvXoi/  vocant,  ad  Graecos  in 
ecclesiam  convocandos,  utuntur.  Illud  ita  describit  L. 
Allatius  de  Templis  (Epiat.  L):  'Est  lignum  binarum 
decempedarum  longitudine,  duorum  digitorum  crassitu- 
dine,  latitudine  quatuor,  quam  optime  dedolatum,  non 
fissum,  aut  rimosum ;  quod  manu  sinistra  medium  tenens 
Sacerdos.  vel  alius,  dextra  malleo  ex  eodem  ligno,  cursim 
hinc  et  inde  transcurrens,  modo  in  unam  partem,  modo  in 
alteram,  prope  vel  eminus  ab  ipsa  sinistra,  ita  lignum 
diverberat,  ut  ictum  mine  plenum,  nunc  gravem,  nunc 
acutum,  nunc  crebrum,  nunc  extentum  edens,  perfecta 
musices  scientia  auribus  suavissime  moduletur.'  " — Suiceri 
Thesaurus,  vol.  ii.  p.  448. 

This  instrument  was  called  the  'S.^a.vrpov ;  and 
there  is  a  mention  of  it,  as  Suicer  tells  us,  under 
the  article  "  s.v\ov  num.  iii.  Typicum  Sabse,  cap.  v." 

Allatius  Leo,  who  is  quoted  above,  was  librarian 
of  the  Vatican  about  1600,  and  perhaps  his  book 
De  Templis  Grcecorum  aaay,  if  extant,  furnish 
some  useful  particulars  to  the  REV.  H.  T.  ELLA- 
COMBE,  or  any  of  your  subscribers  who  may  be 
interested  on  the  subject.  W.  B.  II. 

Add  to  MR.  ELLACOMBE'S  list  the  following, 
which  I  observe  in  Mr.  Petheram's  Catalogue, 
No.  V. :  —  Campanologia,  or  a  Key  to  the  Art  of 
Ringing,  by  Jones,  Reeves,  and  Blakemore,  bds. 
4s.  6d.,  scarce.  (No  date.)  E.  H.  A. 

Madame  de  Stael  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  451.).  —  It  was 
not  Fichte  who  helped  A.  W.  Schlegel  to  write 
against  Nicolai,  but  Schlegel  who  helped  Fichte 


to  do  so,  so  far  as  that  can  be  called  help, 
which  consisted  in  conducting  Fichte's  piece  of 
humorous  satire  through  the  press,  and  prefixing 
a  few  remarks  to  it,  explanatory  of  the  reasons 
which  led  Schlegel  to  edit  it  during  the  author's 
lifetime.  The  title  of  the  work  in  question,  by 
Fichte  in  ridicule  of  Nicolai  (Schlegel,  no  mean 
judge,  does  not  think  it  dull),  is  as  follows :  — 
Frederick  Nicolafs  Leben  und  sonderbare  Mei- 
nungen ;  ein  Beitrag  zur  Liter argeschichte  des  ver- 
gangenen  und  zur  Pddagogik  des  angehenden 
Jahrhunderts ;  von  Johann  Gottlieb  Fichte ;  her- 
ausgegeben  von  August  Wilhelm  Schlegel.  It  was 
first  printed  at  Tubingen  in  1801,  and  forms  part 
of  the  eighth  volume  of  Fichte's  Collected  Works, 
published  at  Berlin  in  1846.  Like  your  corre- 
spondent R.  A.,  I  also  cannot  find  any  mention  of 
this  dispute  in  Madame  de  Stael's  De  L1  Allemagne. 

J.  MACEAT. 
Oxford. 

Query  on  South' s  Sermons  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  515.).— 
The  "  W.  W.,"  after  whom  MR.  W.  H.  GUNNER 
inquires,  as  referred  to  by  South  in  vol.  ii.  p.  152. 
of  his  Sermons,  was  William  Wright,  a  barrister, 
and  the  Recorder  of  Oxford,  author  of  A  Letter  to 
a  Member  of  Parliament,  occasioned  by  a  Letter 
to  a  Convocation-man,  together  with  an  Inquiry 
into  the  Ecclesiastical  Power  of  the  University  of 
Oxford,  particularly  to  decree  and  declare  Heresy, 
occasioned  by  that  Letter.  London :  W.  Rogers, 
1697. 

The  pamphlet  is  occasionally  to  be  met  with, 
and  is  not  distinguished  by  more  "  insolence  "  or 
"  virulence"  than  was  usual  in  the  controversies 
of  that  period.  The  writer  was  a  warm  partisan 
of  William  of  Holland,  and  an  opponent  of  con- 
vocational  action :  he  was  therefore  not  unlikely 
to  incur  Dr.  South's  anger. 

WILLIAM  FRASEK,  B.  C.  L. 

Bakers'"  Talleys. — These,  which  are  spoken  of 
as  obsolete  in  England,  in  an  article  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
on  "Scottish  Female  Dress"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  271.), 
are  in  daily  use  here,  and  have  been  from  time 
immemorial.  The  fact  that  our  bakers  are  nearly 
all  Germans,  a  race  distinguished  for  their  honesty, 
may  have  contributed  to  their  continued  use.  A 
few  bakers  have  lately  introduced  the  plan  of 
selling  tickets  by  the  quantity,  marked  with  par- 
ticular sums  of  money,  to  be  received  back  on  the 
delivery  of  the  bread.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Hatherleigh  Moor  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  538.).— The  lines 
quoted  by  your  correspondent  (with  the  important 
difference  of  the  word  "  all,"  instead  of  "  then,"  in 
the  last  but  one),  were  long  preserved  in  old,  but 
not  ancient  MS.  by  an  inhabitant  of  Hatherleigh, 
and  were  inserted  in  the  Devonshire  Chronicle  by 
Mr.  Edwards,  the  respected  parish  clerk,  in  1849. 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  246. 


It  does  not  appear  that  the  facts  therein  stated 
can  be  strictly  authentic.  Hatherleigh  belonged 
to  the  Abbey  of  Tavistock  from  before  the  period 
of  the  Domesday  survey,  and  it  is  not  improbable 
that  these  were  traditionary  lines  arising  from  the 
fact  that  the  waste  lands  of  the  manor  were  granted 
to  the  poor  by  Ordgar,  Earl  of  Devon,  on  his 
foundation  of  the  monastery  in  the  year  961 ;  or 
that  having  been  comprised  in  his  grant  to  the 
Abbey,  the  Moor  may  have  been  assigned  by  one 
of  the  abbots  to  the  use  of  the  poor  tenants  of 
the  manor.  That  a  part  of  the  Moor  was  so 
granted  by  the  Abbey  is  asserted  by  Risdon  in 
his  Survey  of  Devon.  The  facts  of  the  case  could 
probably  be  determined  only  by  reference  to  the 
chartulary  of  the  monastery,  formerly  in  the  hands 
of  Serjeant  Maynard,  and  said  afterwards  to  have 
been  in  the  possession  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  but 
now  not  to  be  found.  It  is  just  possible  that  some 
intimation  of  the  circumstances  may  be  discovered 
in  the  MS.  No.  152.  in  the  Library  of  Queen's 
College,  Oxford,  which  contains  extracts  from  the 
chartulary  above  mentioned.  S.  J.  D. 

A  Note  from  Moore  s  Diary  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  310.). 
— "  Spoke  of  derivations  of  different  words.  Nin- 
compoop from  non-compos.  Cockahoop  from 
the  taking  the  cock  out  of  a  barrel  of  ale,  and 
setting  it  on  a  hoop  to  let  the  ale  flow  merrily. 
Talbot,  by-the-bye,  has  since  suggested  that  it 
was  from  a  game  cock  put  on  his  mettle  with  his 
houppe  erect."  CI.EBICUS  RUSTICUS. 

Anglo-Saxon  Graves  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  494.).  —  Per- 
mit me  to  assure  your  correspondent  H.  E.,  that 
archaeologists  have  no  difficulty  in  identifying 
relics  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  period  discovered  in 
tumuli.  Your  correspondent,  who,  for  aught  I 
know,  may  be  a  Trustee  of  the  British  Museum, 
asks,  somewhat  naively,  whether  Anglo-Saxon 
coins  have  been  discovered  in  these  graves.  He 
evidently  thereby  confounds  the  Pagan  period 
and  the  Christian  period, — a  singular  confusion  for 
one  who  takes  any  real  interest  in  the  matter. 
Anglo-Saxon  coins  have  been  discovered  in  Anglo- 
Saxon  tumuli,  and  I  need  not  do  more  than  cite 
in  confirmation  of  this  fact  the  thirtieth  volume 
of  the  Arch&ologia,  p.  56.  Again,  Merovingian 
coins  have  been  found  in  the  Frank  graves  of 
Normandy,  and  it  is  well  known  that  they  are  of 
the  period  between  the  reigns  of  Clovis  and 
Charlemagne.  I  fear  it  was  ignorance  of  such 
significant  facts  that  led  to  the  rejection  of  the 
Fawcett  collection  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British 
Museum !  E.  H. 

Princess  Amelia's  Household  (Vol.  x.,  p.  29.). — 
I  think  LEVERET  will  find  what  he  wants  in  the 
successive  editions  of  Chamberlain's  Present  State 
of  Great  Britain,  which  gives  a  kind  of  court  and 
official  calendar  from  the  time  of  William  III.  to 


George  II.  inclusive.  I  am  not  sure  whether  it 
was  not  continued  for  some  years  of  the  reign  of 
George  III.  C. 


MMteUmtautt. 

BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

AXD  FIKSTOS.    Valla.    Venice.    Folio. 

Robert  Stephens.    Paris,  1544. 
Palmanor.    Antwerp,  1565. 
Pitholus.    Paris,  1585. 
Autumnus.    Paris,  1607. 
Stephens.    Paris,  1616. 
Achaintree.    Paris,  1810. 
English.    Dryden. 
French.    Dusaula.    Paris,  1796,  1803. 

•  Animadversiones  Observations  Philologies  in 

Sat.  Juvenalis  duas  Priores.    Beck. 

-  -    Spicilegium     Animadversionum.     Schurzflei- 

schius. 

-   Jacob's  Emendationes. 
Heinecke.    Hate,  1804. 
_—-    Manso.    1814. 

Bartbius  Adversaria. 


SFRVIBS  ON  VIR 

HAZLITT'S  SPIRIT  op  THB  AOJS. 

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to 

Owing  to  the  extent  of  the  INDEX  TO  OUR  NINTH  VOLUME,  which  com- 
pels us  to  infringe  upon  the  present  Number,  we  have  been  compelled  to 
omit  many  interesting  communications,  our  usual  NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  fyc. 

T.  B.  P.  (Exeter).  We  can  give  no  opinion  as  to  the  proposed  papers 
without  seeing  them.  The  subject  is  certainly  one  of  great  interest. 

J.  G.  T.  Gooseberry-fool  is  "pressed  gooseberries,"  from  the  French 
Fouler,  "to  press  or  crush,"  $c. 

J.  G.  P.  (Newcastle)  shall  receive  a  reply  to  his  Queries. 

ABHBA.     The  promised  "  Memoir  of  the  Rawdon  Family  "   never 


J.  D.  (Edinburgh).  Judging  from  the  specimen  you  have  sent,  we 
should  say  that  the  negative  had  been  insufficiently  eorposed  in  the  camera. 
Also  thai  if  used  in  a  double  slide,  that  the  light  had  affected  the  back  of 
one  of  the  papers  u'hilst  the  other  was  being  exposed.  This  should  be 
remedied  by  placing  a  piece  of  yellow  paper  between  them.  Your  sky 
appears  intense  and  good. 

J.  R.  D.  If  you  float  your  paper  upon  the  solution  of  muriated  salts, 
instead  of  completely  immersing  it,  you  will  find  the  picture  remains 
more  on  the  surface  and  looks  brighter.  If  hotpressed,  it  adds  much  to 
the  brilliancy  ofnon-albumenized  proofs. 

ERRATUM.  In  the  seventh  line  of  MR.  OFFOR'S  article  on  Early  Bible* 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  ll.),/or  German  read  Genevan. 

INDEX  TO  VOLUME  THE  NINTH  —  Incompliance  with  the  suggestion  of 
many  valued  correspondents,  we  have  divvied  our  Index  into  two  parts  : 
first,  an  Index  of  Subjects  ;  second,  an  Index  of  Contributors.  We 
trust  that  this  will  give  increased  facility  of  reference,  and  meet  the 
approval  of  our  readers. 

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THE  HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  246. 


VYLO- IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used  at   all  the   Pho- 

_A.    tographie  Establishments.  —  The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 


Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CACTION Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  BICHAKD  TV. 

THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photoeranhic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  Is.,  2s., 
and  3s  6rf  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdon  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


TO  PHOTOGRAPHERS,  DA- 
GUERREOTYPISTS,  &c.  —Instanta- 
neous Collodion  (or  Collodio-Iodide  Silver). 
Solution  for  Iodizing  Collodion.  Pyrogallic, 
Gallic,  and  Glacial  Acetic  Acids,  and  every 
Pure  Chemical  required  in  the  Practice  of 
Photography,  prepared  by  WILLIAM  BOL- 
TON,  Operative  and  Photographic  Chemist, 
146.  Holborn  Bars.  Wholesale  Dealer  in  every 
kind  of  Photographic  Papers,  Lenses,  Cameras, 
and  Apparatus,  and  Importer  of  French  and 
German  Lenses,  &c.  Catalogues  by  Post  on 
receipt  of  Two  Postage  Stamps.  Sets  of  Ap- 
paratus from  Three  Guineas. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

rTHE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 

L     TOGRAPHS,  by  the  most  eminent  En- 

S'ish    and   Continental    Artists,    is    OPEN 
ALLY  from  Ten  till  Five.    Free  Admission. 

£  s.  a. 

A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process  -          -          -          -          -    1 
Additional  Copies  (each)         -          -050 
JL  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size)      -          -          -          -    3    3    0 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 
(larger  size)     -          -          -          -    5    5    0 
Miniatures,  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.    Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
168.  New  Bond  Street. 

/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VI-EWS  obtained  with  t:ie  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumen  ized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  or  de- 
tail unattamed  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photosrra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

*#*  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  varietv  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


WHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 

TT  PHIC  DEPOT:  DANIEL  M'MIL- 
LAN,  132.  Fleet  Street,  London.  The  Cheapest 
House  in  Town  for  every  Description  of 
Photographic  Apparatus,  Materials,  and  Che- 
micals. 

***  Price  List  Free  on  Application. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

JL  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWZLL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.— .1.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


ROSS  &  SONS'  INSTANTA- 
NEOUS HAIR  DYE,  without  Smell, 
the  best  and  cheapest  extant.—  ROSS  &  SONS 
have  several  private  apartments  devoted  en- 
tirely to  Dyeing  the  Hair,  and  particularly  re- 
quest a  visit,  especially  from  the  incredulous, 
as  they  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  of  their 
hair,  without  charging,  of  any  colour  required, 
from  the  liehtest  brown  to  the  darkest  black, 
to  convince  tnem  of  its  effect. 

Sold  in  cases  at  3s.  6d.,  5s.  6d.,  10s.,  15s.,  and 
20».  each  case.     Likewise   wholesale   to   the 
Trade  by  the  pint,  quart,  or  gallon. 
Address,  ROSS  S    SONS,   119.  and  120.  Bi- 

shopsgate  Street,  Six  Doors  from  Cornhill, 

London. 


PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

JT  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Blew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasse', 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes.  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  LefHer,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry  ,H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Kodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright/'  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Listi 
and  Designs  Gratis. 

PENNETT'S       MODEL 

I  )  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION, No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer.Gold, 
50  euineas  ;  Silver.  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2/..3Z.,  and  il.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  MAT- 
TING and  MATS,  of  the  best  quality. 
—  The  Jury  of  Class  28,  Great  Exhibition, 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal  to  T.  TRELOAR, 
Cocoa-Nut  Fibre  Manufacturer,  42.  Ludgate 
Hill,  London. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER. 

J\  ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BBEWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducic  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  ou 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GEORGE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstau  in  th«  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid —  Saturday,  July  15.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION. 

TOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 


"  Wnen  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  247.] 


SATURDAY,  JULY  22.  1854. 


"  Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition,  5cf. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  _  Pag3 

Manuscript  of  Coleridge's  Lectures  in 

1812,  by  J.  Payne  Collier          -          -  57 
Nicholas  Ferrar  and  George  Herbert,  by 

J.  E.  B.  Mayor    -          -           -          -  53 

American  Surnames         -           -  59 

Antiquities  of  the  Eastern  Churches     -  60 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Sir  William  Hamilton 
—  Epigram  on  two  Contractors  —  To 
"thou,"  or  to  "  thee  "  —  Curious 
Entries  _  Ebullition  of  Feeling  — 
Preservation  of  Monumental  Inscrip- 
tions -  ....  61 

•QCEJUES  : — 

Children  nurtured  by  "Wolves  in  India      G2 
P..;>iana  :  Dublin  (1727)  Edition  of  "The 
Bnnciad"-          -          -          -  65 

MINOR  QUERIES  :_MS.on  Church  Unity, 
&c.— Author  of  "Paul  Jones"  — Lead 
Paint  as  a  Protection  for  Timber  _ 
Mr.  Ranulph  Crewe's  Geographical 
Drawings  —  "  Follow  your  Nose  "  — 
Cases  of  Walkingham,  Duncalf, 
Butler,  and  Harwood  _  Ponds  for 
Insects  —  Lely's  Portraits  —  Legend 
of  a  Monk— Griffith  Williams,  Bishop 
of  Ossory— German  Maritime  Laws — 
Warren  of  Pointon,  co.  Chester  — 
Letter  of  James  II.  —  Christening 
Ships  —  Boodle  —  The  Dosnum  Tree 
at  Winchester— The  "  Heroic  Epistle  "  65 

MrxoR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Monuments  in  the  Burial-ground  of 
St.  George  the  Martyr  —  W.  l)e  Bri- 
taine  —  Early  Salopian  Pedigrees  — 
Bear  and  Ragged  Staff  —  Bishop  An- 
drewes'  Epitaph— Searches  at  Heralds' 
College  —  Nova  Scotia  —  Meaning  of 
"  doted  "  —  Shakspeare's  Historical 
Plays  -  -  -  -  -  67 

.REPLIES  :  — 

Bolicrt  Parsons  or  Persons,  by  Thomp- 
son Cooper,  fcc.  -  -  -  -  63 

Transmutation  of  Metals,  by  John 
Macray  -  -  -  -  -  69 

Trench  on  Proverbs,  by  the  Rev.  John 
Jebb  •  -  70 

Forensic  Jocularities,  by  J.  W.  Farrer, 
&c.  -----  70 

Anecdote  related  by  Atterbury  -      7J 

Ancient  Usages  of  the  Church,  by  Cuth- 
bert  Bede,  B.A.  -  -  -  -  72 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Mr. 
Lyte's  Process  —  Plant's  Camera  — 
Wax-paper  Process  -  -  -  73 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Old 
Army  Lists  — The  Title  of  Clarence— 
"  The  Birch  :  a  Poem  "—Henry  Gar- 
nett—  A.M.  and  M.  A —  Kutchakut- 
choo— Lord  Fairfax  —  Gutta  Percha — 
The  "Economy  of  Human  Life  "  — 
Lord  Brougham  and  Home  Tooke  — 
"  Cutting  off  with  a  shilling"  —  Con- 
secration of  regimental  Colours,  ic.  -  73 

.MISCELLANEOUS  : — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.          -           -  76 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted  -      76 

.Notices  to  Correspondents           -  -     76 


VOL.  X — No.  247. 


Multx  terricolis  linguae,  ccalestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LTl  AND  SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
Free  by  Post.  It  contains  Lists  of 
Quarto  Family  Bibles ;  Ancient 
English  Translations  ;  Manuscript- 
notes  Bibles  ;  Polyglot  Bibles  in  every  variety 
of  Size  and  Combination  of  Language  ;  Pa- 
rallel-passages Bibles ;  Greek  Critical  and 
other  Testaments  ;  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  and  many 
other  Languages,  in  great  variety  ;  Aids  to  the 
Study  of  the  Old  Testament  and  of  the  New 
Testament ;  and  Miscellaneous  Biblical  and 
other  Works.  By  Post  Free. 

London  :  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS, 
15.  Paternoster  Row. 


npHE  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 

_L     No.  CLXXXIX.,  is  published  this  Day. 

CONTENTS  : 

I.  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS. 
II.  MILMAN'S   HISTORY   OF  LATIN 
CHRISTIANITY. 

III.  THE  DRAMA. 

IV.  CLASSICAL  DICTIONARIES. 
V.  THE  ELECTRIC  TELEGRAPH. 

VI.  MELANESIAN    AND    NEW    ZEA- 
LAND MISSIONS. 
VII.  QUEEN    ELIZABETH    AND    HER 

FAVOURITES. 

VIII.  LORD    LYNDHURST    AND     THE 
WAR. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


Just  published,  in  8vo.,  with  Plate  and  Wood- 
cuts, price  10s.  6<f. 

•RESEARCHES     ON     LIGHT 

JL\    IN   ITS   CHEMICAL  RELATIONS  ; 

embracing  a  Consideration  of  all  the  Photo- 
graphic Processes.  By  ROBERT  HUNT, 
F.R.S.,  Professor  of  Physics  in  the  Metropo- 
litan School  of  Science.  Second  Edition,  tho- 
roughly revised,  with  extensive  Additions. 

London  :  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


Just  published,  in  crown  8vo.,  price  9s.  6rf. 
cloth. 

THE    LAST     OF    THE    OLD 
SQUIRES  :     A    Sketch.     By   CEDRIC 
OLD  ACRE,  ESQ.,  of  Sax-Normanbury,  some- 
time of  Christ  Church,  Oxon. 

London  :  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


Just  published,  in  1  vol.,  pp.  190,  price  2s., 

DANGERS     TO     ENGLAND 
of  the  Alliance    with   the  Men  of  the 
Coup  d'Etat.    By  VICTOR  SCHOELCHEB, 

Representative  of  the  People,  and  Author  of 
the  "  History  of  the  Crimes  of  the  Second  of 
December." 

TRUBNER  &  CO.,  12.  Paternoster  Row. 


ARNOLD'S    SEQUEL    TO    THE    FIRST 

GERMAN  BOOK. 
In  12ino.,  price  6s.  6d. 

THE  SECOND  GERMAN 
BOOK  :  a  Syntax,  and  Etymological 
Vocabulary,  with  copious  Reading-Lessons 
and  Exercises.  By  the  late  REV.  T.  K.  VR- 
NOLD,M.A.,  Rector  of  Lyndon,  and  formerly 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge ;  and 
J.  W.  FRADERSDORFF,  Phil.  Dr.  Of  the 
Taylor  Institute,  Oxford. 

RIVINGTONS,  Waterlog  Place. 
Of  whom  may  be  had,  by  the  same  Authors, 

1.  THE     FIRST     GERMAN 

BOOK.    Third  Edition.    5s.  6(1.      - 

2.  READING    COMPANION 

to  the  FIRST  GERMAN  BOOK.    4s. 

3.  HANDBOOK  of  GERMAN 

VOCABULARY.    4s. 

NEW  VOLUME  OF  DODSLEY'S  AND 
RIVINGTONS'  ANNUAL  REGISTER. 

Now  ready,  in  8vo. , 

THE  ANNUAL  REGISTER; 
or,  a  View  of  the  History  and  Politics  of 

the  YEAR  1853. 

RIVINGTONS  :  LONGMAN  &  CO. ;  J.  M. 
RICHARDSON  ;  HAMILTON  &  CO.  : 
(SIMPKIN  &  CO.  ;  TIOULSTON  &  STONE- 
MAN  ;  G.  LAWFORD  ;  COWIE  &  CO.  ; 
CAPES  &  SON  ;  SMITH,  ELDER,  &  CO.  ; 
H.  WAS1IBOUHNE:  H.  G.  BOHN  ; 
J.  BUM  PUS  ;  WALLER  &  SON  :  J. 
THOMAS  ;  L.  BOOTH  ;  W.  J.  CLEAVER- 
UPHAM  it  BEET  ;  G.  ROUTLEDGE  & 
CO.  ;  3.  GREEN  ;  G.  WILLIS  ;  and 
W.  HEATH. 

FOR     SALE.  —  A     Half-plate 
double  combination  Lens  and  Camera, 
price  bl.    Enquire  at  MR.  WEYMOUTH'S, 
?.   Temple   Chambers,  Falcon    Court,  Fleet 
Street,  Irom  11  till  4. 


Just  published,  cloth  boards,  9s. 

THE  RUSSIAN  CAMPAIGNS 
in  FINLAND  in  1808  and  1309,  from  an 
unpublished  Work  by  a  Rnsfllnn  Olm-or  of  rank. 
Edited  bv  GENERAL  W.  MOXTKITII, 
K.L.S..F.R.S.,  accompanied  by  a  STRATE- 
GICAL MILITARY  MAP  OK  FINLAND, 
founded  on  that  of  the  Official  Russian  Survey. 

L.  BOOTH,  Duke  Street,  Portland  Place. 


DR.  DE  JONGH'S  LIGHT 
BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL.  The  most 
effectual  remedy  for  CONSUMPTION, 
BHONC'IIITIS,  ASTHMA,  (JOl'T,  RHEU- 
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PLAINTS. Pure  and  unadulterated,  con- 
taining all  its  most  active  and  essential 
principles— ejecting  a  cure  much  more  rapidly 
than  any  other  kind.  Prescribed  by  the  most 
eminent  Medical  Men,  and  supplied  to  the 
leading  Hospitals  of  Europe.  Half-pint 
bottles.  2.i.  6rf.  ;  pints,  4s.  9(/.,  IMPERIAL 
MEASURE.  Wholesale  and  Retail  DepOt, 
ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77.  Strand. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  247. 


THE  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGA- 

L     ZINE  FOR  JULY,  which  is  the  first  of 
a  New  Volume,  contains  the  following  articles : 

1.  The    Political    Constitution    of    Finland. 

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NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  22,  1854. 

JJoteS. 
MANUSCRIPT  OF  COLERIDGE'S  LECTURES  IN  1812. 

I  am  sorry  that  an  accident  prevented  the  ful- 
filment of  my  intention  last  week,  respecting  my 
short-hand  notes  of  Coleridge's  Lectures  in  Nov. 
and  Dec.  1812,  and  Jan.  1813.  I  will  endeavour 
now  to  make  up  for  the  deficiency  by  supplying  a 
few  quotations  from  them,  observing,  by  way  of 
preface,  that,  although  forty  years  have  elapsed 
since  the  Lectures  were  delivered,  I  have  every 
reason  to  rely  upon  the  accuracy  of  what  I  furnish  : 
of  course,  my  original  short-hand  memoranda  are 
in  the  first  person,  and  this  form  I  have  observed 
throughout  my  transcript ;  since,  however  brief  my 
note,  it  gives  the  very  words  Coleridge  employed, 
although  I  do  not  pretend  to  say  that  it  gives  all  his 
words.  I  deeply  regret  that  I  was  not  then  im- 
pressed with  the  necessity,  as  far  as  possible,  of 
taking  down  the  whole  of  what  he  uttered.  He  was 
not  generally  a  rapid  speaker,  although  continuous 
and  flowing ;  and  when  in  the  full  tide  of  his  sub- 
ject, when  his  face  was  lighted  up  almost  with  the 
appearance  of  inspiration,  it  was  not  easy  to  follow 
him  ;  not  so  much  on  account  of  his  volubility,  as 
because  I  found  it  extremely  difficult  to  keep  my 
hands  to  their  mechanical  employment,  and  my 
eyes  from  becoming  fixed  upon  his  glowing  coun- 
tenance. 

It  is  singular  that  I  have  not  marked  the  date 
of  the  day  on  which  any  lecture  was  delivered, 
excepting  the  first  on  Monday,  Nov.  18,  1812  ; 
but  as  Coleridge  was  thus  to  occupy  every  suc- 
ceeding Thursday  and  Monday,  and  as  I  am  not 
aware,  from  note  or  memory,  that  he  failed,  either 
from  health  or  otherwise,  in  keeping  his  engage- 
ment, it  is  easy  to  calculate  on  what  particular 
day  the  first,  second,  sixth,  seventh,  eighth,  ninth, 
or  twelfth  lecture  (the  only  ones  of  which  I  have 
yet  recovered  my  notes)  was  pronounced. 

Lecture  I.  was  chiefly  devoted  to  the  causes  of 
false  criticism : 

"  1.  Accidental,  arising  out  of  the  particular 
circumstances  of  the  age  in  which  we  live. 

"  2.  Permanent,  arising  out  of  the  general  prin- 
ciples of  our  nature." 

Into  these  I  shall  not  now  enter  farther  than  to 
introduce* a  pleasant  anecdote,  which  I  had  pre- 
viously heard  him  mention  in  private  society.  He 
prefaced  it  thus : 

"  As  a  third  permanent  cause  of  false  criticism, 
we  may  enumerate  the  vague  use  of  terms  ;  and 
here  I  may  take  the  liberty  of  impressing  upon 
my  hearers  the  fitness,  if  not  the  necessity,  of 
employing  the  most  appropriate  words  and  ex- 
pressions even  in  common  conversation,  and  in 


ordinary  transactions  of  life.  If  you  want  a  sub- 
stantive, do  not  take  the  first  that  comes  into  your 
head,  but  that  which  most  distinctly  and  pecu- 
liarly conveys  your  meaning :  if  an  adjective, 
remember  the  grammatical  use  of  that  part  of 
speech,  and  be  careful  that  it  expresses  some 
quality  in  the  substantive  that  you  wish  to  im- 
press upon  your  hearer.  Reflect  for  a  moment  on 
the  vague  and  uncertain  manner  in  which  the 
word  'taste'  has  been  often  employed;  and  how 
such  epithets  as  '  sublime,'  '  majestic,'  '  grand,' 
'  striking,'  '  picturesque,'  &c.  have  been  misap- 
plied, and  how  they  have  been  used  on  the  most 
unworthy  and  inappropriate  occasions. 

"  I  was  admiring  one  of  the  falls  of  the  Clyde, 
and,  while  ruminating  on  what  descriptive  term 
could  be  most  fitly  used  with  reference  to  it,  I 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  epithet  'majestic' 
was  the  most  appropriate.  While  I  was  still  con- 
templating the  scene,  a  gentleman  and  lady  came 
up,  neither  of  whose  faces  bore  much  of  the  stamp 
of  superior  intelligence ;  and  the  first  words  the 
gentleman  uttered  were,  '  It  is  very  majestic.'  I 
was  pleased  to  find  such  a  confirmation  of  my 
opinion,  and  I  complimented  the  spectator  upon 
the  choice  of  his  epithet,  saying,  that  he  had  hit 
upon  the  best  word  that  could  have  been  selected 
from  our  language.  '  Yes,  Sir  (replied  the  gen- 
tleman), I  say  it  is  very  majestic  :  it  is  sublime, 
it  is  beautiful,  it  is  grand,  it  is  picturesque ! ' 
1  Aye  (added  the  lady),  it  is  one  of  the  prettiest 
things  I  ever  saw.'  I  own  that  I  was  not  a  little 
disconcerted." 

Coleridge  reserved  this  incident  until  nearly 
the  conclusion  of  his  lecture  :  it  occasioned  much 
laughter,  and  dismissed  his  auditors  (after  a  few 
general  observations)  in  very  good  humour.  He 
continued  the  subject  in  his  second  lecture,  in 
which  he  humorously  divided  modern  readers  into 
four  classes  : 

"  1.  Sponges,  who  absorb  all  they  read,  and 
return  it  nearly  in  the  same  state,  only  a  little 
dirtied. 

"2.  Sand-glasses,  who  retain  nothing,  and  are 
content  to  get  through  a  book  for  the  sake  of 
getting  through  the  time. 

"  3.  Strain-bags,  who  retain  merely  the  dregs 
of  what  they  read. 

"  4.  Mogul  diamonds,  equally  rare  and  valuable, 
who  profit  by  what  they  read,  and  enable  others 
to  profit  by  it  also." 

Here  it  was  that  he  gave  us  his  definition  of 
poetry  ;  and  after  explaining  it  in  detail,  and  en- 
larging upon  it,  he  thus  broke  forth  : 

"  I  never  shall  forget,  when  in  Rome,  the  acute 
sensation  of  pain  I  experienced  on  beholding  the 
frescoes  of  Raphael  and  Michael  Angelo,  and  on 
reflecting  that  they  were  indebted  for  their  pre- 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  247. 


serration  solely  to  the  durable  material  upon 
which  they  were  painted.  There  they  were,  the 
permanent  monuments  (permanent  as  long  as 
walls  and  plaster  last)  of  genius  and  skill,  while 
many  others  of  their  mighty  works  had  become 
the  spoils  of  insatiate  avarice,  or  the  victims  of 
wanton  barbarism.  How  grateful  ought  mankind 
to  be  that,  in  spite  of  all  disasters,  so  many  of  the 
great  literary  productions  of  antiquity  have  come 
down  to  us  !  That  the  words  of  Euclid  and  Plato 
have  been  preserved,  —  that  we  possess  those  of 
Newton,  Milton,  Shakspeare,  and  of  so  many  other 
living-dead  men  of  our  island, — is  not  so  surprising. 
All  these  may  now  be  considered  indestructible  : 
they  shall  remain  to  us  till  the  end  of  time  itself — 
till  Time,  in  the  words  of  a  great  poet  of  the  age 
of  Shakspeare,  has  thrown  his  last  dart  at  Death, 
and  shall  himself  submit  to  the  final  and  inevit- 
able destruction  of  all  created  matter.  A  second 
eruption  of  the  Goths  and  Vandals  could  not  en- 
danger their  existence,  secured  as  they  are  by  the 
wonders  of  modern  invention,  and  by  the  affec- 
tionate admiration  of  myriads  of  human  beings. 
It  is  as  nearly  as  possible  two  centuries  since 
Shakspeare  ceased  to  write,  but  when  shall  he 
cease  to  be  read  ?  When  shall  he  cease  to  give 
light  and  delight  ?  Yet,  at  this  moment,  he  is 
only  receiving  the  first  fruits  of  that  glory,  which 
must  continue  to  augment  as  long  as  our  language 
is  spoken.  English  has  given  immortality  to  him, 
and  he  immortality  to  English.  Shakspeare  can 
never  die,  and  the  language  in  which  he  wrote 
must  with  him  live  for  ever." 

Having  sketched  the  origin  and  history  of  the 
English  stage  in  a  summary  but  masterly  manner, 
he  was  led  to  show  how  the  fool  of  the  time  of 
Shakspeare  grew  directly  out  of  the  Vice  of  the 
old  miracle-plays. 

"  While  Shakspeare  (he  observed)  accommo- 
dated himself  to  the  taste  and  spirit  of  the  times 
in  which  he  lived,  his  genius  and  his  judgment 
taught  him  to  use  the  characters  of  the  fool  and 
clown  with  terrible  effect  in  aggravating  the 
misery  and  agony  of  some  of  his  most  distressing 
scenes.  This  result  is  especially  obvious  in  King 
Lear ;  the  contrast  of  the  fool  wonderfully 
heightens  the  colouring  of  some  of  the  most 
painful  situations,  where  the  old  monarch,  in  the 
depth  of  his  fury  and  despair,  complains  to  the 
warring  elements  of  the  ingratitude  of  his  daugh- 
ters. In  other  dramas,  though  perhaps  in  a  less 
degree,  our  great  Poet  has  evinced  the  same  skill 
and  felicity  of  treatment;  and  in  no  instance  can 
it  be  justly  alleged  of  him,  as  it  may  be  of  some  of 
the  ablest  of  his  contemporaries,  that  he  intro- 
duced his  fool  or  his  clown  merely  for  the  sake  of 
exciting  the  laughter  of  his  audiences.  Shaks- 
peare had  a  loftier  and  a  better  purpose,  and  in 
this  respect  availed  himself  of  resources  which,  it 
should  almost  seem,  he  alone  possessed." 


These  were  the  concluding  words  of  Coleridge's 
second  lecture.  In  his  third  he  thus  alluded  to 
the  course  he  had  recently  given  at  the  Royal 
Institution,  mentioning  the  fact  which  he  had 
previously  stated  in  conversation,  and  which  I 
introduced  into  my  last  paper  in  "  N.  &  Q."  He 
brought  it  forward  as  a  reason  why  he  had  not 
chosen  to  prepare  more  than  a  bare  outline  of 
each  lecture  before  he  was  called  upon  to  give 
utterance  to  it. 

"  Not  long  since,  when  I  lectured  at  the  Royal 
Institution,  I  had  the  honour  of  sitting  at  the 
desk  so  ably  occupied  by  Sir  Humphrey  Davy, 
who  may  be  said  to  have  elevated  the  art  of  che- 
mistry to  the  dignity  of  a  science,  who  has  dis- 
covered that  one  common  law  is  applicable  to  the 
mind  and  to  the  body,  and  who  has  enabled  us  to 
give  a  full  and  perfect  Amen  to  the  great  axiom  of 
Bacon,  that '  Knowledge  is  power.'  In  the  delivery 
of  that  course  I  carefully  prepared  my  first  essay, 
and  received  for  it  a  cold  suffrage  of  approbation. 
From  accidental  causes  I  was  unable  to  study  the 
exact  form  and  language  of  my  second  lecture, 
and  when  it  was  at  an  end,  I  obtained  universal 
and  heartfelt  applause.  What  a  lesson  to  me 
was  this,  not  to  elaborate  my  materials,  not  to 
study  too  nicely  the  expressions  I  should  employ, 
but  to  trust  mainly  to  the  extemporaneous  ebulli- 
tion of  my  thoughts  !  In  this  conviction  I  have 
ventured  to  come  before  you  here,  and  I  may  add 
a  hope,  that  what  I  offer  will  be  received  in  the 
same  spirit.  It  is  true  that  my  matter  may  not 
be  so  accurately  arranged,  it  may  not  at  all  times 
fit  and  dovetail  as  nicely  as  could  be  wished,  but 
you  will  have  my  thoughts  warm  from  my  heart, 
and  fresh  from  my  understanding  ,•  you  shall  have 
the  whole  skeleton,  although  the  bones  may  not 
be  put  together  with  the  utmost  anatomical  skill." 

This  image  is  not  very  agreeable  in  itself,  and 
does  not  well  express  the  fulness,  grace,  and 
beauty  of  Coleridge's  usual  style  in  the  illustra- 
tion of  a  subject,  especially  of  a  poetical  kind. 
I  am  anxious  to  supply  a  few  of  his  peculiar 
opinions  upon  those  three  great  dramas,  Romeo 
and  Juliet,  The  Tempest,  and  Hamlet,  but  I^have 
already  occupied  so  much  space  in  "  N.  &  Q."  that 
I  must  postpone  farther  extracts  from  his  Lectures 
to  a  future  opportunity.  J.  PAYNE  COLLIEE. 

Riverside,  Maidenhead. 


NICHOLAS    FERRAR    AND    GEORGE    HERBERT. 

In  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ii.,  p.  445.,  several  works 
relating  to  the  Ferrars  were  noticed.  To  these 
others 'might  be  added;  but  my  present  business  is 
to  stimulate  inquiry  after  the  only  biography  of 
Nicholas  Ferrar  which  is  of  much  value  *,  that  by 

*  That  by  Bishop  Turner,  as  Dr.  Peckard  has  remarked 
(p.  xii.),  and  as  we  may  judge  from  the  Gent.  Mag., 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


his  elder  brother  John.  Thomas  Baker,  being 
allowed  by  the  family  to  examine  this,  made  an 
extract  from  it,  omitting  much  in  the  earlier  part, 
but  retaining  nearly  the  whole  account  of  the 
Gidding  settlement.  His  transcript  preserves  two 
(unpublished)  letters  of  George  Herbert,  letters 
worthy  of  the  man,  in  which  he  thanks  his  friend 
for  a  contribution  towards  building  Leighton 
Church.  As  the  most  effectual  means  of  eliciting 
the  whole  memoir,  I  propose  to  print  this  frag- 
ment. In  the  meantime  I  send  this  extract  for 
your  bibliographic  readers  (Baker's  MSS.,  xxxv. 
397.)  : 

"  And  as  N.  F.  communicated  his  heart  to  him  (Her- 
bert), so  he  made  him  the  Peruser,  and  desired  the  appro- 
bation of  what  he  did,  as  in  those  three  translations  of 
Valdezzo,  Lessius,  and  Carbo.  To  the  first  Mr.  Herbert 
made  an  epistle,  to  the  second  he  sent  to  add  that  of 
Cornariua'  Temperance,  and  well  approved  of  the  last." 

The  Hundred  and  Ten  Considerations  of  Signior 
John  Valdesso,  .  .  .  now  translated  out  of  the 
Italian  copy  into  English,  icith  Notes,  Oxford, 
Lichfield,  1638,  4to.,  is  in  the  Bodleian,  Cam- 
bridge University,  and  Sion  College  libraries.  It 
has  notes  by  George  Herbert,  and  is  licensed  for 
the  press  by  Thomas  Jackson.* 

The  edition  of  1646  omits  "  The  Publisher  to 
the  Reader,"  and  (of  course)  Jackson's  license ; 
nor  does  it  end  with  Valdesso's  epistle  dedicatory 
to  his  commentary  upon  the  Romans.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  has  given  the  full  date  of  Herbert's 
letter  (the  first  edition  omits  the  year),  and  has 
an  index.  The  language  is  slightly  different  in 
the  two  editions.  The  Hygiasticon  of  Lessius, 
Angl.  by  T.  S.,  12mo.  (Peckard,  p.  216.,  says 
24mo.),  was  published  with  Herbert's  translation 
of  Cornaro,  De  Vitas  sobrice  commodis,  at  Cam- 
bridge in  1634. 

"  June  15,  1634.  Mr.  Ferrar  finished  a  translation  of 
the  Instruction  of  Children  in  the  Christian  Doctrine,  by 
Ludovico  Carbo.  ...  In  the  year  1636  he  sent  this 
translation  to  Cambridge  to  be  licensed  for  the  press. 
But  the  authority  prevailing  at  that  time  in  the  Uni- 

Aug.  1772,  p.  364.,  and  from  Mr.  Macdonogh's  book 
(Dodd's  extract  in  the  Christian  Mag.  for  1761,  I  have 
not  yet  been  able  to  meet  with),  is  not  very  much  more 
than  a  compilation  from  John  Ferrar.  But  where  is 
Bishop  Turner's  MS.  ?  Had  Mr.  Macdonogh  a  copy  ? 

*  This  edition,  and  that  in  small  8vo.,  "  Cambridge, 
printed  for  E.  D.  by  Roger  Daniel,  Printer  to  the  Uni- 
versity, 1646,"  are  now  before  me.  See  Peckard's  note, 
p.  210.  seq.,  and  Mr.  Holmes's  in  the  new  edition  of 
Wordsworth's  JEccl.  Siogr.,  vol.  iv.  p.  47.,  where,  after 
giving  an  account  of  the  book,  he  says :  "  It  may  be  re- 
marked as  singular,  that  at  the  present  time  (1852),  when 
BO  many  books  have  been  reprinted,  a  work  translated  by 
Nicholas  Ferrar,  having  notes  by  George  Herbert,  and  a 
preface  (?)  by  Thomas  Jackson,  should  have  remained 
unnoticed."  These  notes  of  Mr.  Holmes's  add  greatly  to 
the  value  of  Dr.  Wordsworth's  book ;  but  much  remains 
to  be  done,  both  in  the  notes  and  index.  There  are 
abundant  materials,  printed  aud  MS.,  for  a  similar  col- 
lection. 


versity  would  not  suffer  it  to  be  then  published."  — 
Peckard,  p.  217.  n. 

Has  this  translation  ever  appeared  ? 

J.  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 

P. S.  —  "E.  D.,"  for  whom  the  second  edition 
of  Valdesso  was  printed,  is  doubtless  Edmund 
Duncon,  Herbert's  executor.  This  second  edition 
(1646)  has  several  new  notes,  which  are  printed 
in  George  Herbert's  Remains  (ed.  Pickering)  ;  on 
the  other  hand,  several  of  the  original  iiotes  are 
omitted,  and  others  altered.  As  this  edition  ap- 
peared after  Herbert's  death,  we  cannot  be  sure 
that  the  alterations  have  his  sanction.  At  all 
events  the  editor  should  have  printed  all  the  notes 
of  both  editions  and  stated  the  variations.  Bar- 
nabas Oley,  in  his  Life  of  George  Herbert,  gives 
some  account  of  the  first  edition ;  of  Ferrar's 
other  translations  he  says  (p.  xcix.,  Pickering, 
1836)  : 

"He  helped  to  put  out  Lessius,  and  to  stir  up  us 
ministers  to  be  painful  in  that  excellent  labour  of  the 
Lord,  catechizing,  feeding  the  lambs  of  Christ ;  he  trans- 
lated a  piece  of  Lud.  Carbo,  wherein  Carbo  confesseth 
that  the  heretics  (t.  e.  Protestants)  had  got  much  advan- 
tage by  catechizing:  but  the  authority  at  Cambridge 
suffered  not  that  Egyptian  jewel  to  be  published." 


AMERICAN   SURNAMES. 

The  changes  that  have  taken  place  in  family 
names  during  the  short  period  that  has  elapsed 
since  the  settlement  of  America  by  Europeans, 
lead  us  to  believe  in  the  greater  changes  that  are 
reported  to  have  occurred  in  surnames  in  the  old 
world. 

Whenever  William  Penn  could  translate  a  Ger- 
man name  into  a  corresponding  English  one,  he 
did  so,  in  issuing  patents  for  land  in  Pennsylvania : 
thus,  the  respectable  Carpenter  family  in  Lancas- 
ter are  the  descendants  of  a  Zimmerman. 

Many  Swedish  and  German  names  have  suf- 
fered change :  from  Soupli  has  come  Supplee  ; 
from  Up  der  Graeff,  Graeff  and  Updegrove  ;  from 
Hendrick's  son,  Henderson.  The  district  of 
Southwark,  in  this  county,  covers  ground  once 
owned  by  a  Swede  named  Swen.  His  son  was 
called  Swen's  son,  from  whom  the  Swanson  family 
derived  their  name.  The  Vastine  family  came 
from  a  Van  de  Vorstein. 

A  person  whose  family  name  was  Sturdevant, 
Englished  it  into  Treadaway  a  few  years  ago ;  and 
a  family  which  during  the  Revolution  spelt  their 
name  Boehm  have  since  softened  it  into  Bumm. 

Occasionally  a  French  name  is  translated.  One 
of  two  brothers  living  near  this  city  is  known  as 
Mr.  La  Rue,  his  brother  as  Mr.  Street.  Several 
New  England  names  are  corrupted  from  those  of 
the  French  Acadians :  thus  Bumpus  comes  from 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  247. 


Bon  pas,  Bunker  from  Bon  cceur,  and  Peabody 
from  Piebaudier. 

Buckalew  is  evidently  a  corruption  of  Buc- 
cleugh,  and  Chism  of  Chisholm. 

A  large  family  in  Virginia  and  other  southern 
states  spell  their  name  Taliaferro,  and  pronounce 
it  Toliver.  Have  they  any  connexion  with  the 
Norman  Taillefer  ? 

Christ  is  a  family  name  among  the  Pennsylvania 
Germans.  It  is  pronounced  Crist,  like  the  first 
syllable  of  Christian. 

Pope  and  Dryden  kept  adjoining  stores  in  Bal- 
timore not  long  ago  :  the  signs  of  two  merchants 
in  adjoining  stores  in  this  city  formed  a  short  sen- 
tence when  read  together,  "  Peter  Schott"  and 
"  Jonathan  Fell." 

Col.  Pancake  was  a  military  man  of  some  note 
here  shortly  after  the  Revolution  ;  fifty  years  ago 
Captain  John  Pissant  was  an  eminent  political 
character  in  Gloucester  county,  N.  J. 

The  name  of  Schoolcraft  is  said  to  be  a  corrup- 
tion of  Calcraft,  arising  from  the  fact  that  a  Mr. 
Calcraft  kept  school  in  or  near  Albany,  N.  J. 

Two  merchants  trading  under  the  firm  of 
Swindler  and  Co.,  dissolved  partnership  in  Co- 
lumbia, S.  C.,  about  ten  years  ago.  It  is  more 
surprising  that  the  partnership  was  ever  formed. 

Mr.  Pickup  is  the  proprietor  of  an  omnibus  line 
in  this  city. 

We  have  some  names  among  us  wearing  a  clas- 
sical air.  Mr.  Cadmus  keeps  a  shoe  store  :  Pas- 
torius  is  a  name  in  use,  being  probably  a  trans- 
lation, or  attempt  at  it,  by  some  German  named 
Schaeffer.  Arcularius  and  Curtenius  are  New 
York  names,  probably  of  Dutch  origin.  A  Mr. 
Cato  has  lately  applied  for  the  benefit  of  the  In- 
solvent Law. 

Mr.  Violet  Primrose  is  a  respectable  saddler  in 
our  city,  where  we  also  have  Mr.  Rees  Wall 
Flower,  who  at  one  time  lived  in  Garden  Street. 

A  family  which  has  resided  here  for  several 
generations,  and  called  itself  Dipperwing,  which 
was  occasionally  varied  by  others  to  Tipperwings, 
has  recently  resumed  its  correct  name,  De  Perven. 
A  tombstone  enabled  them  to  make  the  cor- 
rection. 

Mr.  Dickens's  nom  de  plume,  Boz,  was  borne 
by  a  Philadelphian  about  seventy  years  ago,  at 
which  time  the  name  of  Susan  Boz  was  fre- 
quently entered  in  the  index  at  the  office  of  the 
Recorder  of  Dees  as  a  grantor  or  grantee  of  real 
estate. 

Two  persons  in  this  city  bear  the  name  of 
Wizzard.  A  Mr.  Gambler  has  been  nominated  a 
director  of  the  public  schools. 

A  late  California  newspaper  announces  the 
marriage  of  Mr.  John  Snook  of  San  Francisco. 
A  small  stream  emptying  into  the  Hudson  River 
is  called  Snookskill,  which  seems  to  imply  that 
the  name  Snooks  is  of  Dutch  origin. 


A  respectable  old  Quaker  family  in  this  State 
spell  their  name  Livesey,  but  it  is  almost  univer- 
sally pronounced  Loozeley.  This  corruption  is 
said  to  date  from  the  time  when  the  u  and  the  V 
were  confounded ;  but  this  does  not  explain  the 
introduction  of  the  second  -L  in  Loozeley. 

A  Mr.  Gobble  was  plaintiff  in  an  action  of 
ejectment  brought  in  Centre  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, a  few  years  ago ;  and  John  Gudgeon  has 
lately  been  arrested  in  Baltimore  for  a  misde- 
meanour. 

There  is  a  family  in  this  city  named  Mush. 

A  Quakeress  named  Hannah  Active  recently 
died  here  ;  and  the  name  of  Catharine  Fix  appears 
in  the  list  of  letters  uncalled  for  at  the  Post- 
Office.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 


ANTIQUITIES   OF    THE    EASTERN    CHURCHES. 

There  was  published  in  London,  in  the  year  1682, 
a  small  book  containing  a  variety  of  interesting 
matters  in  biblical  literature,  and  illustrating  the 
condition  of  the  oriental  churches,  but  of  which 
every  copy  that  I  have  yet  seen  has  evidently  been 
mutilated  by  the  cancelling  of  a  portion  while  at 
press  or  before  publication.  The  title  is,  — 

"  Antiquitates  Ecclesiae  Orientalis,  clarissimorum. 
virorum  Card.  Barberini,  L.  Allatii,  Luc.  Holstenii, 
Job.  Morini,  etc.  Dissertationibus  epistolicis  enucleatae  ; 
Nunc  ex  ipsis  Autographis  editae.  Qtfibus  prsefixa 
est  Jo.  Morini,  Congr.  Orat.  Paris,  PP.  [R.  P.  ?] 
Vita.  Londini,  1682,  8vo." 

The  editor's  name  is  not  given,  but  a  short  address 
to  the  reader  tells  us  that  the  collection  of  epistles 
had  been  found  among  the  books  of  Father 
Amelot  of  the  Oratory,  after  his  decease ;  that  the 
entire  had  been  purchased  from  his  heirs,  and 
were  now  edited  from  the  originals.  The  address 
to  the  reader  is  followed  by  an  index,  or  rather 
enumeration  of  the  epistles,  ninety-four  in 
number ;  but  on  examining  the  book  itself  we 
find  but  ninety-three,  although  the  paging  and 
signatures  run  regularly  and  without  any  apparent 
deficiency.  Not  so,  however,  the  numeration  of 
the  epistles,  the  ninetieth  being  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  the  ninety-second.  The  ninety-first  is 
wanting,  but  from  the  index  we  learn  that  it  is 
related  to  the  intended  expedition  of  some  English 
Benedictines  by  a  Catholic  bishop  : 

"  D.  de  Sanes  Episcopns  Madoviensis,  Cardinal! 
Bagni  monacbos  aliquot  Anglos  Benedictinos  con- 
gregationis  Madriticas  cur  urbe  sua  expelli  velit  de- 
clarat." 

It  may  be  that  some  copies  got  abroad  before 
this  expurgation  was  effected  ;  if  so,  and  that  such 
can  now  be  found,  some  additional  illustration 
mi^ht  be  had  of  the  incessant  rivalry,  perhaps 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


61 


mutual    hostility,    of   the    secular    and    regular 
clergy. 

There  is  another  edition  of  this  book  printed  at 
Leipsic,  1683.  (Fysher,  Catal.  impr.  Libb.  in 
Bibl.  Bodl.,  sub  voce  "  Morinus.") 

The  original  edition  is  noticed  by  the  Leipsic 
reviewers  (A.  A.  Erudd.,  4682,  p.  176.),  but  they 
do  not  remark  any  omission  or  mutilation  ;  is  it 
not  likely  that  they  would  have  animadverted  on 
such  a  defect  did  it  appear  in  their  copy  ? 

ARTEBUS. 

Dublin. 


Sir  William  Hamilton.  —  Mr.  Burton,  in  his 
History  of  Scotland,  vol.  i.  pp.  40,  41.,  after  no- 
ticing Sir  Robert  Hamilton  of  Preston,  observes 
in  a  note,  — 

"  The  name  of  this  fierce  and  eloquent  fanatic  may  re- 
call that  of  an  eminent  descendant,  who  applies  a  like 
energy  of  mind  and  resoluteness  of  purpose  to  a  domination 
over  the  empire  of  thought  and  knowledge." 

The  descendant  is  evidently  meant  for  Sir  William 
Hamilton,  whose  eminence  is  unquestionable,  but 
who  would  not,  we  think,  consider  it  as  any  com- 
pliment to  be  compared  to  this  puddle-headed 
Puritan.  But  Sir  William  was  not  the  descendant 
of  Sir  Robert,  the  fourth  baronet,  who  died  on  the 
5th  September,  1701,  without  lawful  issue,  never 
having  been  married.  The  baronetcy  remained 
in  abeyance  until  claimed  by  the  present  Sir 
William,  who  had  to  go  back  to  1505  to  prove  he 
was  the  heir  male  of  the  body  of  John  Hamilton 
of  Airdrie,  the  second  son  of  Sir  Robert  Hamilton, 
Knight,  in  the  male  descendant  of  whose  eldest 
son  the  baronetcy  was  created,  5th  November, 
1673.  The  immediate  ancestor  of  Sir  William 
was  called  Methusalem.  J.  M. 

Edinburgh. 

Epigram  on  two  Contractors.  —  A  friend  lately 
repeated  to  me  the  epigram  of  which  I  inclose  a 
«opy.  It  was,  as  he  told  me,  made  during  the 
first  American  war,  and  was  in  the  newspapers  at 
that  time.  Can  any  of  your  correspondents  state  in 
what  newspaper  it  is  to  be  found,  and  who  was 
the  author  ?  It  may  amuse  your  readers  in  re- 
ference to  the  late  much-talked-of  topic  regarding 
military  contracts  : 

"  To  cheat  the  publick  two  contractors  come, 
One  deals  in  corn,  the  other  deals  in  rum : 
Which  is  the  greatest  rogue,  I  pray  explain  ? 
The  rogue  in  spirit,  or  the  rogue  in  grain  ?  " 

A. 

To  "thou"  or  to  "  thee."  —  Whatever  may  be 
said  as  to  the  necessity  of  coining  new  words, 
there  can  be  but  one  opinion  as  to  the  propriety 
of  determining  at  once  the  form  in  which  such 


words  should  be  employed.  For  instance,  Thorpe, 
in  his  Northern  Mythology,  vol.  iii.  p.  81.,  has  the 
verb  "  to  thou : " 

"  In  his  master's  absence  he  always  thoued  him." 

While  Southey,  in  The  Doctor,  ch.  ccxlii.,  uses  the 
verb  "  to  thee : " 

"  When  this  excitement  had  spent  itself,  he  sought  for 
quietness  among  the  Quakers,  thee'd  his  neighbours,  wore 
drab,  and  would  not  have  pulled  off  his  hat  to  the  king." 

Can  there  be  any  doubt  that  the  form  used  by 
Thorpe  is  the  more  correct  one  ? 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 
St.  Lucia. 

Curious  Entries.  —  Extracts  from  the  accounts 
of  the  constables  of  the  parish  of  Great  Staughton, 
Huntingdonshire  : 

*.  d. 

"  [1647,  Dec.]  Itm,  paid  for  charges  spent 
upon  the  man  that  watched  John  Pickle  all  night 
and  the  next  daie  till  he  was  married  -  -  1  0 

"£1648,  Nov.]  Itm,  paid  to  a  stranger  for 
helpinge  to  carry  the  corps  to  buryal  that  dyed  at 
the  highewaie,  and  was  laid  in  the  street  by  some 
of  the  end -  -04 

"  Itm,  paid  for  bread  and  beire  for  the  com- 
panie  then  -  -  -  -  -  -  -10 

"  Itm,  given  to  a  woman  that  was  bereaved  of 
her  witts  the  26  of  Aprill,  1645  -  -  -  -06" 

JOSEPH  Rix. 

St.  Neots. 

Ebullition  of  Feeling. — Your  correspondent  (Vol. 
vii.,  p.  593.)  who  describes  the  influence  of  rage 
or  anger  upon  Lord  Tyrconuel  on  being  refused 
an  entrance  into  the  city  of  Londonderry  by 
burning  his  wig,  will  find  many  equally  sin- 
gular manifestations  in  other  generals.  Thus,  it 
is  recorded,  on  learning  the  fall  of  Badajos,  in 
Spain,  Marshal  Soult  broke  the  plates  and  dishes 
he  was  then  using.  And  our  own  AVellington,  on 
hearing  that  Marmont  was  crossing  the  Douro, 
rose  hastily  from  his  seat,  overturned  his  table, 
and  broke  the  utensils  thereon  arranged  for  his 
own  repast.  The  three  events  evidently  produced 
different  ebullitions  of  feeling :  the  first  was  de- 
cidedly disappointment,  the  second  rage,  and  the 
third  pleasurable  excitement  on  the  certainty  of 
victory. 

The  tale  of  doing  violence  to  the  "  wig"  brings 
to  my  mind  a  familiar  ruralism,  perhaps  peculiar  to 
Norfolk,  where  we  have  a  condemnatory  impre- 
cation used  in  cases  of  doubt :  the  rustic  con- 
templating physical  defeat  on  the  advantages  of 
an  opponent,  concludes  his  resolve  to  encounter 
the  difficulty  by  exclaiming, — 

"  I  will  try,  don't  dash  my  wig." 

There  may  be  some  connexion  between  the 
"incendiarism"  and  swearing  by  the  "wig," 
which  may  be  made  amusing  and  instructive, 
without  entering  upon  every  "  saying"  from  the 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  247. 


siege  of  Londonderry  to  the  year  1854,  memorable 
for  the  theft  of  a  Judge's  wig.  H.  D. 

Preservation  of  Monumental  Inscriptions.  —  If 
the  act  of  parliament  which  is  to  authorise  the 
removal  of  certain  City  churches,  provided  also 
that  copies  of  all  inscriptions  on  the  monuments 
removed  should  be  verified  in  the  presence  of 
certain  authorities,  and  that  such  verified  copies 
of  inscriptions  should  be  receivable  in  evidence, 
as  the  originals  might  be,  the  difficulty  entertained 
by  Lord  Palmerston  in  the  matter  might  thus  be 
removed.  T.  F. 


CHILDREN   NURTURED   BT   WOLVES   IN   INDIA. 

An  Account  of  Wolves  nurturing  Children  in 
their  Dens,  by  an  Indian  Official,  Plymouth,  1852. 
— This  curious  pamphlet  was  published  two  years 
since  at  Plymouth,  under  the  anonymous  designa- 
tion of  "an  Indian  Ofiicial."  It  is  reported  that  the 
author  is  Col.  Sleeman,  whose  name  is  well  known 
not  only  as  the  exterminator  of  the  Thugs,  but 
also  as  a  high  authority  on  Indian  affairs.  The 
statements  which  it  contains  are,  however,  so 
strange  and  improbable,  that  it  is  desirable  that 
they  should  be  authenticated  by  some  avowed 
writer.  For  this  reason  I  am  desirous  of  calling 
the  attention  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  to  its 
contents. 

This  pamphlet  then  alleges  that  native  children 
have,  in  certain  districts  of  India,  been  in  their 
early  years  either  carried  away  by  a  she-wolf,  or 
fallen  into  her  power ;  that  they  have  been  nur- 
tured by  the  wild  animal ;  that  they  have  subse- 
quently been  seen,  in  a  wild  state,  in  the  company 
of  their  adopted  mother;  and  that  they  have 
been  rescued  from  her,  and  restored  to  the  care 
of  human  beings.  The  following  is  the  first  case 
mentioned  by  the  anonymous  writer  : 

"There  is  now  (he  says),  at  Sultanpoor,  a  boy  who 
was  found  alive  in  a  wolfs  den  near  Chandour,  ten  miles 
from  Sultanpoor,  about  two  years  and  a  half  ago.  A 
tropper,  sent  by  the  native  governor  of  the  district  to 
Chandour,  to  demand  payment  of  some  revenue,  was 
passing  along  the  bank  of  the  river,  near  Chandour,  about 
noon,  when  he  saw  a  large  female  wolf  leave  her  den,  fol- 
lowed by  three  whelps  and  a  little  boy.  The  boy  went  on 
all  fours,  and  seemed  to  be  on  the  best  possible  terms  with 
the  old  dam  and  three  whelps,  and  the  mother  seemed  to 
guard  all  four  with  equal  care.  They  all  went  down  to 
the  river  and  drank,  without  perceiving  the  trooper,  who 
sat  upon  his  horse,  watching  them ;  as  soon  as  they  were 
about  to  turn  back,  the  trooper  pushed  on  to  cut  off,  and 
secure  the  boy ;  but  he  ran  as  fast  as  the  whelps  could, 
and  kept  up  with  the  old  one.  The  ground  was  uneven, 
and  the  trooper's  horse  could  not  overtake  them.  They 
all  entered  the  den ;  and  the  trooper  assembled  some  peo- 
ple from  Chandour  with  pickaxes,  and  dug  into  the  den. 
When  they  had  dug  in  about  six  or  eight  feet,  the  old 
wolf  bolted  with  her  three  whelps  and  the  boy.  The 


trooper  mounted  and  pursued,  followed  by  the  fleetest 
voung  men  of  the  party ;  and,  as  the  ground  over  which 
they  had  to  fly  was  more  even,  he  headed  them,  and 
turned  the  whelps  and  boy  back  upon  the  men  on  foot, 
who  secured  the  boy,  and  let  the  old  dam  and  her  three, 
cubs  go  on  their  way." 

The  boy  was  taken  to 'the  village ;  but  he  be- 
haved like  a  wild  animal,  trying  to  escape  on  his 
way  into  holes  or  dens  ;  and,  instead  of  articulate 
speech,  making  only  an  angry  growl  or  snarl.  He 
avoided  grown-up  persons,  but  bit  at  children  ; 
he  rejected  cooked  meat,  but  ate  raw  flesh,  which 
he  put  on  the  ground  under  his  hands  like  a  dog. 
He  would  not  allow  any  one  to  come  near  him 
while  he  was  eating,  but  he  would  share  his  food 
with  a  dog.  The  trooper  left  the  boy  in  charge 
of  the  Rajah  of  Husunpoor,  and  the  latter  sent 
him  to  Cap.  Nicholetts,  who  commanded  the  first 
regiment  of  Oude  Local  Infantry  at  Sultanpoor. 
From  this  time  he  remained  in  charge  of  Capt. 
Nicholetts'  servants;  he  was  apparently  nine  or 
ten  years  old  when  found ;  he  lived  about  three 
years  afterwards,  and  died  in  August,  1850.  His 
features  were  coarse  ;  his  countenance  was  repul- 
sive, and  he  was  very  filthy  in  his  habits.  He  ate 
and  drank  greedily ;  would  devour  half  a  lamb  at 
a  time,  and  was  fond  of  taking  up  earth  and  small 
stones  and  eating  them.  He  could  never  be  in- 
duced to  keep  on  any  kind  of  clothing,  even  in 
the  coldest  weather.  He  was  inoffensive  except 
when  teased.  He  was  never  known  to  laugh  or 
smile  ;  or  to  speak,  until  within  a  few  minutes  of 
his  death,  when  he  said  that  his  head  ached.  He 
understood  little  of  what  was  said  to  him,  and 
seemed  to  take  no  notice  of  what  was  going  on 
around  him.  He  formed  no  attachment  for  any 
one,  nor  did  he  seem  to  care  for  any  one.  He 
shunned  human  beings  of  all  kinds,  and  would 
never  willingly  remain  near  one.  He  used  signs 
when  he  wanted  anything,  and  very  few  of  them,, 
except  when  hungry  ;  and  he  then  pointed  to  his 
mouth.  To  cold,  heat,  and  rain,  he  appeared^  to 
be  indifferent ;  and  he  seemed  to  care  for  nothing 
but  eating. 

The  account  of  the  boy,  while  he  was  under  the 
care  of  Capt.  Nicholetts,  authenticated  by  the 
testimony  of  an  English  officer,  is  entitled  to  our 
implicit  belief;  it  leaves  no  doubt  that  he  was 
an  idiot,  and  that  he  exhibited  unmistakeable 
marks  of  mental  imbecility.  The  account  of  his 
first  discovery,  however,  rests  upon  a  very  differ- 
ent foundation.  It  is  a  mere  hearsay  story,  con- 
veyed by  the  Rajah  of  Husunpoor  to  the  English 
officer,  and  told  to  him  by  a  native  ^  unnamed 
trooper.  In  order  to  ascertain  what  this  trooper 
really  saw,  it  would  have  been  desirable  that  he 
should  have  been  examined  and  cross-examined 
by  an  Englishman. 

The  next  case  is  that  of  a  boy  three  years  of 
age,  the  son  of  a  cultivator  at  Chupra,  twenty 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


63 


miles  east  from  Sultanpoor.  In  March,  1843,  the 
child  was  taken  into  the  fields  by  his  parents ;  and 
while  the  father  was  reaping,  and  the  mother 
gleaning,  a  wolf  rushed  upon  him ;  caught  him  up 
by  the  loins,  and  made  off  with  him  towards  the 
ravines.  The  boy  was  not  heard  of  for  six  years  : 
at  the  end  of  that  time,  two  sepoys,  watching  for 
hogs  at  the  edge  of  a  jungle,  ten  miles  from 
Chupra,  saw  three  wolf-cubs  and  a  boy  come  out 
of  the  jungle,  and  go  down  together  to  the  stream 
to  drink.  The  sepoys  watched  them  till  they  had 
drunk,  and  were  about  to  return,  when  they 
rushed  towards  them.  All  four  ran  towards  a 
den  in  the  ravines.  The  sepoys  followed  as  fast 
as  they  could,  but  the  three  cubs  had  got  in  before 
the  sepoys  could  come  up  with  them ;  and  the  boy 
was  half  way  in,  when  one  of  the  sepoys  caught 
him  by  the  hind  leg  and  drew  him  back.  He 
seemed  very  angry  and  ferocious,  bit  at  them,  and 
seized  in  his  teeth  the  barrel  of  one  of  the  guns, 
which  they  put  forward  to  keep  him  off,  and  shook 
it.  They,  however,  secured  him,  brought  him 
home,  and  kept  him  for  twenty  days.  They  could 
then  make  him  eat  nothing  but  raw  flesh.  He 
was  soon  after  recognised  by  the  cultivator's 
widow  (the  man  having  in  the  mean  time  died)  in 
a  neighbouring  village  as  her  son,  and  identified 
by  some  marks  on  his  body.  She  took  him  home, 
and  kept  him  for  two  months.  He  preferred  raw 
flesh  to  cooked,  and  fed  on  carrion  when  he  could 
get  it.  When  a  bullock  died,  and  the  skin  was 
removed,  he  went  and  ate  of  it  like  a  village  dog. 
His  body  smelt  offensively.  At  night  he  went  off 
to  the  jungle.  The  front  of  his  knees  and  elbows 
tad  become  hardened,  from  going  on  all  fours  with 
the  wolves.  He  never  spoke  articulately,  and  he 
showed  no  affection  for  his  mother.  At  the  end 
of  two  months,  the  mother,  despairing  of  ever 
making  anything  of  him,  left  him  to  the  common 
charity  of  the  village.  The  account  of  this  boy's 
physical  and  mental  state  is  similar  to  that  of  the 
former  one.  As  in  the  other  case,  the  evidence  of 
the  sepoys,  who  are  said  to  have  found  the  boy 
with  the  wolf-cubs,  is  not  obtained  at  the  fountain- 
head,  but  is  filtered  through  intermediate  inform- 
ants. It  is  therefore  of  little  value. 

Another  case  of  a  boy,  whose  body  was  origin- 
ally covered  with  short  hair,  who  could  walk, 
but  never  could  be  taught  to  speak,  was  also  re- 
ported by  the  Rajah  of  Husunpoor.  The  hair, 
however,  by  degrees  disappeared,  in  consequence, 
as  the  Rajah  stated,  of  his  eating  salt  with  his 
food.  It  is  alleged  that  this  boy  "  had  evidently 
been  brought  up  by  wolves;"  but  it  is  not  pre- 
tended that  he  was  ever  seen  in  company  with  a 
wolf. 

About  1843  a  shepherd,  twelve  miles  from  Sul- 
tanpoor, saw  a  boy  trotting  upon  all  fours  by  the 
side  of  a  wolf  one  morning,  as  he  was  out  with 
his  flock.  With  great  difficulty  he  caught  the 


boy,  who  ran  very  fast,  and  brought  him  home. 
He  fed  him  for  some  time,  and  tried  to  make  him 
speak,  and  associate  with  men  or  boys,  but  he 
failed.  He  continued  to  be  alarmed  at  the  sight 
of  men,  but  was  brought  to  Colonel  Gray,  who 
commanded  the  first  Oude  Local  Infantry  at  Sul- 
tanpoor. He  and  Mrs.  Gray,  and  all  the  officers 
in  cantonments,  saw  him  often,  and  kept  him  for 
several  days.  But  he  soon  after  ran  off  into  the 
jungle,  while  the  shepherd  was  asleep.  It  seems 
in  this  case  as  if  the  account  of  the  finding  of  the 
boy  had  been  given  to  the  English  officers  by  the 
eye-witness ;  but  this  is  not  distinctly  stated,  nor 
is  it  said  that  the  shepherd  was  a  person  whose 
unsupported  statement  could  be  safely  believed. 

Another  case,  reported  by  a  respectable  land- 
holder on  the  estate  of  Husunpoor,  ten  miles  from 
the  Sultanpoor  cantonments,  is  that  of  a  boy, 
nine  or  ten  years  of  age,  who  was  rescued  by  a 
trooper,  eight  or  nine  years  previously,  from 
wolves,  among  the  ravines  on  the  road.  He  pre- 
ferred raw  meat,  he  could  not  utter  any  articulate 
sound,  but  could  understand  signs  ;  he  walked  on 
his  legs,  but  there  were  evident  marks  on  his 
knees  and  elbows  of  his  having  gone  very  long  on 
all  fours  ;  and  when  asked  to  run  on  all  fours  he 
used  to  do  so,  and  went  so  fast  that  no  one  could 
overtake  him.  A  shepherd  claimed  the  boy  as 
his  son,  and  said  that  he  was  six  years  old  when 
the  wolf  took  him  off  at  night  some  four  years 
before.  In  this  case  again  the  evidence  is  hear- 
say, and  the  rescue  of  the  boy  from  the  wolves  by 
the  trooper  is  said  to  have  taken  place  eight  or 
nine  years  before  the  time  when  his  account, 
having  passed  through  an  uncertain  number  of 
intermediate  links,  reached  the  English  officers. 

The  last  case  is  that  of  a  boy,  about  ten  years 
old,  who  was  seen  by  a  trooper,  in  the  Bahraetch 
district,  with  two  wolf-cubs,  drinking  in  a  stream. 
The  trooper,  who  had  a  companion  with  him, 
managed  to  seize  the  boy,  and  put  him  on  his 
saddle ;  but  the  boy  was  so  fierce,  that,  though 
his  hands  were  tied,  he  tore  the  trooper's  clothes, 
and  bit  him  severely  in  several  places.  The 
trooper  gave  him  to  the  Rajah  of  Bondee,  but  his 
wild  and  filthy  habits  soon  tired  both  the  rajah 
and  a  comedian,  into  whose  hands  he  afterwards 
fell.  He  was  subsequently  taken  up  by  a  lad 
name  Janoo,  who  rubbed  him  with  mustard  seed 
soaked  in  water,  and  fed  him  with  vegetable  food, 
in  the  hope  of  curing  him  of  his  offensive  odour, 
but  without  success.  He  had  hardened  marks 
upon  his  knees  and  elbows  from  having  gone  on 
all  fours.  With  a  good  deal  of  beating  and  rub- 
bing of  his  joints  with  oil,  he  was  made  to  stand 
and  walk  upon  his  legs  like  other  human  beings. 
He  was  never  heard  to  utter  more  than  one  ar- 
ticulate sound,  and  that  was  "  Aboodeea,"  the 
name  of  the  little  daughter  of  the  Cashmere  co- 
median. In  about  four  months  he  began  to  un- 


64 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  247. 


derstand  and  obey  signs.  He  was  unwilling  to 
wear  clothes,  took  them  off  when  left  alone,  but 
put  them  on  again  in  alarm  when  discovered  ;  and 
to  the  last  often  injured  or  destroyed  them  by 
rubbing  them  against  trees  or  posts,  like  a  beast, 
when  any  part  of  his  body  itched. 

;  "  One  night,  while  the  boy  was  lying  under  the  tree, 
near  Janoo,  Janoo  saw  two  wolves  come  up  stealthily,  and 
smell  at  the  boy.  They  then  touched  him,  and  he  got 
up,  and  instead  of  being  frightened,  the  boy  put  his  hands 
upon  their  heads,  and  they  began  to  play  with  him.  They 
capered  around  him,  and  he  threw  straw  and  leaves  at 
them.  Janoo  tried  to  drive  them  off,  but  could  not,  and 
became  much  alarmed  ;  and  he  called  out  to  the  sentry 
over' the  guns,  Meer  Akbur  Allee,  and  told  him  that  the 
wolves  were  going  to  eat  the  boy.  He  replied,  '  Come 
away,  and  leave  him,  or  they  will  eat  you  also ; '  but 
when  they  saw  them  begin  to  play  together,  his  fears 
subsided,  and  he  kept  quiet.  Gaining  confidence  by  de- 
grees, he  drove  them  away,  but  after  going  a  little  dis- 
tance they  returned,  and  began  to  play  again  with  the 
boy.  At  last  he  succeeded  in  driving  them  off  altogether. 
The  night  after  three  wolves  came,  and  the  boy  and  they 
played  together.  A  few  nights  after  four  wolves  came, 
but  at 'no  time  did  more  than  four  come ;  they  came  four 
or  five  times,  and  Janoo  had  no  longer  any  fear  of  them, 
and  he  thinks  that  the  first  two  that  came  must  have 
been  the  two  cubs  with  which  the  boy  was  first  found, 
and  that  they  were  prevented  from  seizing  him  by  re- 
cognising the  smell :  they  licked  his  face  with  their 
tongues  as  he  put  his  hands  on  their  heads." 

Whenever  the  boy  passed  the  jungle  he  always 
tried  to  escape  into  it ;  at  last  he  ran  away  and 
did  not  return.  About  two  months  after  he  had 
gone,  a  woman  of  the  weaver  caste,  from  a  neigh- 
bouring village,  came  and  gave  such  a  description 
of  marks  on  the  boy's  body,  as  identified  him  as 
her  son,  who  had  been  taken  from  her  five  or  six 
years  before,  at  about  four  years  of  age,  by  a 
wolf.  The  author  of  the  pamphlet  states  that  the 
circumstances  regarding  the  boy,  after  he  had 
been  brought  to  the  village,  were  verified  before 
him  by  Janoo  and  the  other  original  witnesses  ; 
in  this,  however,  as  in  the  other  cases,  the 
trooper's  story,  who  is  supposed  to  have  seen  the 
boy  with  the  wolf-cubs,  rests  on  hearsay. 

The  author  makes  at  the  end  the  following 
remark : 

"  From  what  I  have  seen  and  heard,  I  should  doubt 
whether  any  boy,  who  had  been  many  years  with  wolves, 
up  to  the  age  of  eight  or  ten,  would  ever  attain  the 
average  intellect  of  man.  1  have  never  heard  of  a  man 
who  had  been  spared  and  nurtured  by  wolves  having  been 
found ;  and  as  many  boys  have  been  recovered  by  wolves 
after  they  had  been  many  3'ears  with  them,  we  must  con- 
clude that,  after  a  time,  they  either  die  from  living  ex- 
clusively on  animal  food  before  they  attain  the  age  of 
manhood,  or  are  destroyed  by  the  wolves  themselves,  or 
other  b«asts  of  prey,  in  the  jungles,  from  whom  they  are 
unable  to  escape,  like  the  wolves  themselves,  from  want 
of  the  same  speed." 

As  the  question  stands  upon  the  facts  related  in 
this  pamphlet,  there  is  no  satisfactory  proof  of 
any  boy  having  been  found  in  the  care  of  wolves, 


or  in  their  company.  In  none  of  the  stories  is 
this  part  of  the  case  traced  distinctly  to  the  tes- 
timony of  an  eye-witness.  This  important  defect 
in  the  evidence  renders  a  suspense  of  belief  ne- 
cessary, especially  as  many  of  the  circumstances, 
supposed  or  reported,  are  in  themselves  highly 
improbable. 

In  the  first  place,  it  is  difficult  to  understand 
why  certain  children  should  be  spared  by  the 
wolves,  when  it  is  stated  to  be  their  habit  to  kill 
and  eat  those  which  they  carry  off.  The  writer 
of  the  pamphlet  states  that  the  vagrant  commu- 
nities near  Sultanpoor,  who  do  not  object  to 
killing  wild  animals,  very  seldom  catch  wolves, 
though  they  know  all  their  dens,  and  could  easily 
dig  them  out,  as  they  dig  out  other  animals.  This 
is  supposed  to  arise  from  the  profit  which  they 
make  by  the  gold  and  silver  bracelets,  necklaces, 
and  other  ornaments,  which  are  worn  by  the  chil- 
dren whom  the  wolves  carry  to  their  dens  and 
devour,  and  are  left  at  the  entrance  of  these  dens. 
If  the  gold  ornaments  of  the  children  carried  off 
and  devoured  by  wolves  are  sufficiently  numerous 
to  be  a  regular  source  of  profit  to  the  vagrant 
communities,  the  number  of  children  killed  must 
be  considerable. 

Even,  however,  if  we  suppose  a  wolf,  from  some 
unaccountable  caprice,  to  spare  a  child  which  it 
carries  off,  it  is  difficult  to  understand  how  the 
child  can  be  reared.  The  children  alleged  in  this 
pamphlet  to  be  carried  off  are  not  infants,  but  of 
the  age  of  three  or  four  years.  They  would  not, 
like  Romulus  and  Remus,  have  been  suckled  by 
a  wolf;  but  they  must  have  been  fed  upon  flesh 
which  the  wolf  procured  for  them.  This  is  an 
office  which  wolves  are  not  in  the  habit  of  per- 
forming for  their  own  young ;  and  it  is  not  ap- 
parent why  they  should  undertake  to  perform  it 
for  a  child.  Besides,  if  a  child  were  to  live  in  an 
Indian  forest  with  a  wolf,  it  might  conceivably  be 
spared  by  its  own  protector ;  but  how  could  it 
avoid  falling  a  prey  to  other  wolves  and  wild 
beasts  ? 

The  account  of  the  wolf- boys  running  upon  all- 
fours,  and  of  the  anterior  part  of  their  knees  and 
elbows  becoming  hardened,  seems  inconsistent 
with  the  structure  of  the  human  body,  to  which 
erect  and  not  quadrupedal  progression  is  essen- 
tial. The  swiftness  of  these  boys,  and  the  diffi- 
culty with  which  one  of  them  was  caught  by  the 
fleetest  young  men  of  the  pursuing  party,  is  quite 
unintelligible.  The  extent  to  which  the  children 
are  represented  as  bestialised  by  the  association 
with  wolves,  and  by  the  sylvan  life,  particularly 
the  growth  of  hair  upon  one  of  them  (like  Orson 
in  the  nursery  tale),  savour  of  the  marvellous,  and 
resemble  the  stories  circulated  by  the  enemies  of 
vaccination,  about  the  growth  of  horns  and  other 
bovine  appendages  from  the  persons  vaccinated. 
The  freemasonry  described  as  existing  between 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


the  boy  under  Janoo's  care  and  various  strange 
wolves,  who  visited  him  and  played  with  him 
while  he  was  with  Janoo,  also  is  a  very  strange 
circumstance. 

All  the  stories  agree  in  representing  the  chil- 
dren carried  away  by  the  wolves  as  above  the  age 
of  infancy,  and  as  becoming  brutalised  by  the 
lupine  nurture ;  so  that  when  they  are  rescued 
from  the  wolves,  and  restored  to  human  associ- 
ation, they  are  destitute  of  the  leading  attributes 
of  man,  moral  and  intellectual.  These  stories, 
therefore,  afford  no  confirmation  of  the  story  of 
Romulus  and  Remus,  who  were  suckled  by  the 
wolf,  and  who  were  after  a  few  days  found  by  the 
shepherd  Faustulus,  and  given  to  be  nurtured  by 
his  wife. 

In  case  these  remarks  should  fall  under  the  eyes 
of  any  person  who  has  the  means  of  making  local 
inquiries  in  India  respecting  an  alleged  case  of  a 
boy  rescued  from  wolves,  it  may  be  permitted  to 
suggest  that,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the 
truth,  it  would  be  desirable  to  take  the  deposition 
in  writing  of  the  person  who  professes  to  have 
found  the  boy  in  company  with  the  wolf,  and  to 
cross-examine  him  closely  as  to  the  particulars. 
It  is  likewise  to  be  wished  that  one  of  the  idiot 
boys,  who  are  reported  to  have  been  nurtured  by 
wolves,  should  be  examined  by  a  scientific  medical 
man,  who  would  be  able  to  throw  light  upon  the 
physiological  aspect  of  the  question.  L. 


POPIAHA  :     DUBLIN    (1727)    EDITION    OF    "THE 
DUNCIAD." 

Has  any  of  your  correspondents  ever  seen  an 
edition  of  the  Dunciad,  1727  ?  Pope  himself,  in 
his  notes  to  the  first  acknowledged  edition  of 
1729,  says  distinctly  and  repeatedly,  that  an  "  im- 
perfect edition"  was  published  in  Dublin  in  1727, 
and  republished  in  London  in  that  year  both  in 
12mo.  and  in  8vo.  But  Malone  did  not  credit  this 
statement,  and  believed  it  to  be  a  trick  of  Pope's. 
The  first  edition  of  the  Dunciad  being,  as  he 
thought,  one  with  the  frontispiece  of  an  owl,  and 
this  imprint :  "  Dublin  printed,  London  reprinted 
for  A.  Dodd,  1728." 

It  is  hard  to  conceive  why  Pope  (fond  as  he  no 
doubt  was  of  maneuvering)  should  have  put  for- 
ward a  wanton  falsehood  on  a  point  of,  as  it  seems, 
no  importance,  and  which  must  have  been  at  the 
time  of  public  notoriety ;  but  I  have  looked  for 
the  alleged  Dublin  edition  in  vain.  C. 


iflmor 

MS.  on  Church  Unity,  Sfc.  —  A  few  years  since 
I  purchased  a  polemical  treatise  in  MS.,  and  should 
be  glad  if  any  of  your  readers  could  assist  me  in 


determining  the  authorship,  which,  I  imagine,  will 
not  be  a  difficult  matter  to  do.  It  is  apparently 
in  the  handwriting  of  an  amanuensis,  but  cor- 
rected throughout  by  the  author.  Its  date  is,  as 
I  suppose,  between  1660  and  1680.  Hammond 
and  Baxter  are  both  referred  to,  and  the  subject- 
matter  is  a  defence  of  Church  Unity  and  Dio- 
cesan Episcopacy.  The  following  quotation  will 
enable  some  of  your  readers  to  determine  the 
authorship,  and  inform  me  whether  the  MS.,  which 
is  evidently  prepared  for  the  press,  has  ever  been 
printed:  — 

"  But  you'll  say  you  have  reason  for  what  you 
teach,  viz.,  that  it  is  a  knowne  thing  that  all 
church  power  dooth  worke  only  on  the  conscience, 
and  therefore  only  prevailes  by  procuring  consent 
and  cannot  compell. 

"  Which  position,  if  not  rightly  understood,  and 
not  rightly  applyed,  may  give  countenance  to  any 
kind  of  disobedience  and  rebellion.  I  shall  refer 
you  to  what  I.  have  written  on  this  point  in  my 
Appollogy  for  the  discipline  of  the  antient  church, 
p.  42.  The  sum  whereof  is  that  conscience  must 
be  grounded  upon  s  .  .  .  .  and  certain  know- 
ledge ;  this  is  the  light  of  the  understanding  which 
must  guide  the  will  to  choose,"  &c.  W.  DENTON. 

Author  of  "  Paul  Jones."  — 

"Paul  Jones,  or  the  Fife  Coast  Garland;  a  heroical 
poem  in  four  parts,  in  which  is  contained  the  Oyster 
Wives  of  Newliaven's  letter  to  Lord  Sandwich." 
This  is  the  title  of  a  very  scarce  poetical  satire, 
privately  printed  at  Edinburgh  in  1779,  4to.,  and 
consisting  of  thirty-seven  pages.  I  have  endea- 
voured to  trace  the  name  of  the  author,  but 
without  effect ;  perhaps  some  of  your  numerous 
readers  may  be  more  successful.  My  copy  be- 
longed to  Archibald  Constable  the  bookseller, 
whose  collections  relative  to  Scottish  literature 
were  very  valuable.  J.  M. 

Edinburgh. 

Lead  Paint  as  a  Protection  for  Timber.  —  Can 
any  correspondent  afford  some  approximate  idea 
of  the  period  at  which  paint  first  began  to  be  ap- 
plied to  the  wood-work  of  buildings  as  a  protec- 
tion from  damp,  weather,  &c.  ?  I  have  seen  doors 
of  very  ancient  buildings,  apparently  cotemporary, 
or  certainly  of  considerable  age,  in  a  good  state  of 
preservation,  with  a  slight  fibrous  incrustation 
over  the  heart  of  oak  below,  but  which  bore  no 
evidences  of  having  ever  been  in  contact  with  a 
paint-brush.  BALLIOLENSIS. 

Mr.Ranulph  Crewe's  Geographical  Drawings. — 
Dr.  Gower,  in  his  Sketches  of  Materials  for  a  His- 
tory of  Cheshire,  3rd  edit.,  p.  64.,  in  noticing  the 
accomplishments  of  Chief  Justice  Crewe's  grand- 
son, the  above-named  gentleman,  who  was  bar- 
barously assassinated  at  Paris  in  1656,  states  that 
Mr.  Crewe  excelled  to  that  degree  in  the  fine  arts, 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  247. 


and  particularly  in  drawing,  that  his  geographical 
delineations  were  impossible  to  be  distinguished 
from  the  best  engraved  maps. 

Are  any  of  the  geographical  drawings  of  Mr. 
Crewe,  alluded  to  by  Dr.  Gower,  now  in  being  ? 
and  where  are  they  to  be  met  with  ?  CESTRIENSIS. 

"  Follow  your  Nose."  —  In  what  collection  of 
tales  published  in  1834,  and  reviewed  the  same 
year  in  the  Athenaeum  or  Literary  Gazette,  shall  I 
rfind  the  tale  entitled  "Follow  your  Nose?"  I 
have  searched  Lays  and  Legends  of  Various  Na- 
tions in  vain,  or  at  least  the  first  to  the  sixth  num- 
bers inclusive.  -  JUVERNA,  M.A. 

Cases  of  Walkingham,  Duncalf,  Butler,  and 
Harwood. — In  the  preface  to  the  Philadelphia 
reprint  of  Bishop  Burnet's  Life  of  the  Earl  of 
Rochester,  the  author  says  : 

"  The  cases  of  Walkingham  andDuncalf  are  attested  by 
such  evidence  as  would  support  a  civil  action,  or  convict 
a  criminal  in  any  court  in  the  world ;  and,  as  these  show 
the  judgments,  so  do  those  of  V.  Butler  and  R.  Harwood 
the  immediate  and  palpable  interposition  of  divine  Grace." 

There  is  no  other  allusion  to  the  above-men- 
tioned persons  :  so  that  I  presume  their  cases  are 
well  known  in  America.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  what  they  are,  or  where  I  can  find  them  ? 

P.  S. 

Ponds  for  Insects. — A  London  naturalist,  with 
but  very  little  time  for  collecting,  would  feel 
much  obliged  if  some  of  the  entomological  readers 
of  "  N.  &  Q."  would  inform  him  of  the  exact 
localities  of  a  few  good  ponds  for  insects  (particu- 
larly the  aquatic  Coleoptera),  within  convenient 
walking  distance  —  say  four  or  six  miles — of  the 
north  or  north-west  of  the  metropolis.  Also,  a 
favourable  spot  for  the  mollusc  Paludina  vivipara. 

DYTICUS. 

Lelys  Portraits. — Are  there  any  very  small 
portraits  by  Sir  P.  Lely  extant  ?  One  has  been 
shown  to  me  painted  on  silver  in  oil,  about  an 
inch  long,  and  three  quarters  wide,  which  the 
owner  says  is  a  Lely,  and  appears  to  be  a  portrait 
of  Charles  II.  W.  II. 

Legend  of  a  Monk. — The  case  of  St.  Denis, 
mentioned  in  "  N.  &  Q."  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  250.),  was 
surpassed  by  that  of  a  priest  who  carried  his  heart 
in  his  hand,  after  it  had'been  cut  out  of  his  body 
by  the  Turks,  from  Dalmatia  to  Italy. 

I  read  the  account  in  a  compilation  which  gave 
no  authorities  ;  but  the  story  looks  old,  and  I  shall 
be  obliged  by  any  of  your  correspondents  refer- 
ring me  to  an  authentic  source.  W.  M.  T. 

Griffith  Williams,  Bishop  of  Ossory. — Allow 
me  to  correct  a  misprint  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  421.,  where 
I  am  made  to  ask  for  any  facts  relative  to  the 
life  of  "Griffith,  William,"  instead  of  Griffith 


Williams.  Williams  was  a  native  of  Wales,  and 
gives,  in  his  multifarious  writings,  a  great  many 
incidents  of  his  life.  A  correct  list  of  his  works 
would  be  a  desideratum  to  JAMES  GRAVES. 

Kilkenny. 

German  Maritime  Laws.  —  Can  any  of  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  oblige  the  undersigned  by 
referring  him  to  any  modern  writer  on  the  above 
(either  in  German  or  Latin)  ?  H.  C.  C. 

Warren  of  Pointon,  co.  Chester. — Do  the  pedi- 
grees of  the  County  Palatine  comprise  that  of  the 
Warrens  of  Pointon  ?  And  does  it  appear  that 
Edward  Warren,  Dean  of  St.  Canice,  diocese  of 
Ossory,  A.D.  1626  — 1661,  was  of  that  family? 
Were  there  other  families  of  the  same  name  in 
co.  Chester  ?  An  answer  to  all  or  any  of  these 
Queries  will  oblige.  JAMES  GRAVES. 

Kilkenny. 

Letter  of  James  II.  —  King  James  II.  is  said  to 
have  declared,  in  a  letter  to  his  daughter  Mary, 
that  the  reason  which  first  turned  his  attention  to 
the  Church  of  Rome,  was  the  virulence  of  the 
court  preachers  against  it.  Can  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents quote  the  words  of  this  letter,  or  give 
any  information  as  to  where  it  is  to  be  found  ?  2. 

Christening  Ships.  —  A  recent  ceremony,  at 
which  the  Queen  officiated,  suggests  the  Query, 
Whence  is  derived  the  custom  of  christening 
vessels  by  breaking  a  bottle  of  wine  over  them, 
and  what  is  the  earliest  instance  of  this  custom  ? 

If  this  ceremony  be  not  a  caricature  of  the 
Sacrament  of  Baptism,  it  is  probably  a  parody  on 
a  custom  which  obtains  in  Roman  Catholic  coun- 
tries of  blessing  a  vessel  when  she  is  about  to  be 
launched,  and  sprinkling  it  with  holy  water. 

EIRIONNACH. 

Boodle. — Who  was  Boodle,  the  venerable  host 
to  whom  the  celebrated  Club  in  St.  James's  Street 
owes  its  name  ?  Gibbon  dates  several  of  his  let- 
ters, in  1772  and  1774,  from  this  Club. 

J.  YEOWEIJU 

The  Domum  Tree  at  Winchester.  —  Local  tra- 
dition holds  that  it  was  formerly  the  custom  at 
Winchester  to  sing  the  celebrated  college  ode, 
"Dulce  Domum,"  under  the  old  tree  of  that 
name  near  the  Itchen  wharf.  Was  it  ever  so, 
and  when  was  it  discontinued  ? 

HENRY  EDWARDS. 

The  "  Heroic  Epistle."  —  It  is  said  in  Public 
Characters  (vol.  i.  p.  253.)  that  about  1776  the 
author  of  An  Heroic  Epistle  to  Sir  Wm.  Chambers 
wrote  An  Heroic  Epistle  to  Dr.  Watson.  If  so, 
when  and  where  was  it  published  ?  It  is  not  in 
Almon's  edition  of  what  he  calls  The  Works,  &c. 
of  author  of  Heroic  Epistle.  E.  H.  T. 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


foitfi 

Monuments  in  the  Burial-ground  of  St.  George 
the  Martyr.  —  This  burial-ground  is  near  to  the 
Foundling  Hospital.  Can  any  correspondent  say 
if  any  copies  of  inscriptions  on  the  monuments 
exist  ?  There  was  one  inscription  on  a  tomb  of 
the  date  of  1730,  that  is  worn  out  by  rain  and 
damp,  that  the  writer  wishes  to  recover.  It  were 
to  be  desired  that,  in  each  parish,  there  were  pre- 
served a  "  monument-book,"  in  which  the  inscrip- 
tions on  every  tomb  and  monument  were  inserted 
so  soon  after  their  date  as  might  be  practicable. 

T.  F. 

[We  subjoin  a  copy  of  the  inscription  required  by  our 
correspondent,  which  is  on  the  base  of  a  high  and  very 
handsome  stone  obelisk :  —  "In  this  vault  lies  the  body  of 
THOMAS  FALCONER,  Esq.,  descended  from  an  ancient 
honourable  family  of  the  same  name  in  Scotland,  who, 
after  having  been  employed  eighteen  years  by  the  Hon. 
East  India  Company  at  Bengal,  returned  into  England  in 
1727,  with  the  just  reward  of  his  extensive  skill  and 
honest  industry  in  commerce ;  an  established  good  name, 
and  a  very  ample  fortune;  with  that  rare  felicity  and 
largeness  of  mind,  that  knew  the  pleasure  of  possessing 
only  from  the  power  it  gave  him  of  dispensing ;  of  being 
generous  to  his  acquaintance,  grateful  to  his  friends,  and 
charitable  to  the  poor ;  with  the  same  sound  Church-of- 
England  principles  in  religion  that  he  took  with  him 
from  home,  and  in  which  he  died  on  the  25th  of  January, 
1729-30,  in  the  35th  year  of  his  age.  To  the  memory 
of  this,  her  much-beloved  Son,  his  Mother  erected  this 
monument."  In  the  same  burial-ground  is  a  handsome 
monument,  with  an  urn  at  top,  to  the  memory  of  that 
good  man  Robert  Nelson,  the  author  of  Fasts  and 
Festivals."] 

W.  De  Britaine.  —  In  1682  was  printed,  — 

"  Humane  Prudence,  or  the  Art  by  which  a  Man  may 
raise  himself  and  fortune  to  Grandeur.  By  A.  B.  The 
second  edition,  with  the  addition  of  a  Table.  London, 
printed  for  John  Lawrence  at  the  Angel  in  Cornhill,  near 
the  Royal  Exchange ;  small  8vo." 

In  the  address  by  the  bookseller  to  the  reader,  it 
is  remarked : 

"  I  have  had  these  few  sheets  so  long  by  me,  that  the 
author  (who  is  a  gentleman  of  modesty  and  worth)  has 
even  almost  forgot  them." 

The  first  edition  I  never  saw,  but  I  presume  the 
address  to  both  editions  is  the  same,  and  that  the 
only  variation  between  the  two  is  the  addition  of 
the  "  Table." 

Twenty-eight  years  afterwards  (1710)  there  was 
printed  in  London  for  Richard  Sare,  at  Gray's 
Inn  Gate,  in  Holborn,  — 

"  Humane  Prudence,  or  the  Art  by  which  a  Man  may 
raise  himself  and  his  fortune  to  Grandeur.  The  tenth 
edition,  corrected  and  very  much  enlarged." 

This  is  undoubtedly  the  same  work  as  that  pre- 
viously noticed,  only  much  enlarged,  but  not 
much  improved,  by  the  introduction  of  anecdotes 
and  illustrations  taken  chiefly  from  the  Italian 
novelists.  The  original  address,  however,  is 


omitted,  and  there  is  substituted  a  dedication  "  To 
the  Virtuous  and  most  Ingenious  Edw.  Hunger- 
ford,  Esq.,"  which  is  subscribed  "  W.  de  Britaine," 
and  in  which  this  passage  occurs : 

"  Some  part  of  this  manual  was  formerly  dedicated  to 
a  person  of  great  honour  and  merit,  who  is  since  dead ; 
and  you  being  the  next  heir  of  all  his  virtues,  no  man  has 
a  juster  title  to  '  humane  prudence'  than  yourself." 

Now,  although  W.  de  Britaine  has  been  recog- 
nised as  the  author  in  the  catalogue  of  the  Bod- 
leian, in  Watt,  and  elsewhere,  what  evidence  is 
there  either  of  such  a  person  really  existing,  or,  if 
he  did  exist,  of  his  being  the  author  of  this  valu- 
able and  curious  manual  ?  If  there  was  such  a 
person,  he,  although,  as  the  bookseller  tells  hig 
readers,  "  a  gentleman  of  modesty  and  worth," 
must  have  got  quit  of  his  bashfulness  very  speedily. 
My  own  impression  is  that  W.  de  Britaine,  who- 
ever he  may  be,  did  not  write  the  work,  but  that, 
having  found  it  an  excellent  text-book,  he  made 
such  spicy  additions  to  it,  as  might  suit  the  exist- 
ing taste  of  the  public,  and  enable  him  to  make  a 
little  money. 

Perhaps  some  of  your  numerous  readers  may 
possess  the  intermediate  editions,  and  be  able  with 
their  aid  to  throw  some  light  on  the  authorship ; 
and  particularly  the  one  "  formerly  dedicated  to  a 
person  of  great  honour  "  would  give  his  name  in 
all  probability,  as  well  as  that  of  the  dedicator. 

J.M. 

Edinburgh. 

[We  have  before  us  the  sixth  edition  "  corrected  and 
enlarged  by  the  author,"  published  in  1693,  by  J.  Rawlins 
for  R.  Sare,  at  Gray's  Inn  Gate.  Also,  the  ninth  edition 
corrected  and  enlarged  (the  words  "  by  the  author  "  are 
omitted),  published  in  1702,  by  Richard  Sare,  at  Gray's 
Inn  Gate.  Both  editions  contain  the  dedication  to  Ed- 
ward Hungerford,  Esq.,  with  a  few  verbal  alterations.  In 
one  of  them  is  written  in  pencil  "  William  de  Britaine, 
pseud."  Our  correspondent  may  probably  get  a  clue  to 
the  author  from  two  articles  which  appeared  in  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine  for  1793,  pp.  124.  711.] 

Early  Salopian  Pedigrees.  —  I  am  desirous  to 
ascertain  if  there  be  any  collection  of  pedigrees, 
either  in  MS.  or  print,  treating  of  the  early  his- 
tory and  connexions  of  old  Shropshire  families, 
more  especially  in  and  near  the  ancient  borough 
of  Bridgnorth  ?  I  allude  more  particularly  to 
such  families  as  flourished  in  the  first  four  cen- 
turies after  the  Conquest.  I  am  aware  that  the 
ancient  records  of  the  corporation  of  Bridgnorth 
perished  during  the  civil  war,  otherwise  a  search 
through  them  might  have  materially  assisted  me 
in  the  object  I  have  in  view.  T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

[Our  correspondent  may  consult  with  advantage  Mr. 
Sims's  valuable  Index  to  the  Pedigrees  and  Arms  contained 
in  the  Heralds'  Visitations,  and  other  Genealogical  Manu- 
scripts in  the  British  Museum,  art.  Shropshire,  which  gives 
a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  different  families  and  their  re- 
spective localities.] 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  247. 


Bear  and  Ragged  Staff.  —  When  was  the  crest 
,of  the  "bear  and  ragged  staff"  first  assumed  by 
the  family  of  Leicester  ?  Is  there  any  known 
reason  for  the  combination  of  the  two  parts  of 
this  crest  ?  J.  G.  T. 

Falconhurst. 

[Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  was  the  first  of  that 
family  who  adopted  this  right  noble  cognizance  of  the 
'Beauchamp- Nevilles.  Fuller,  in  his  Worthies,  art.  War- 
wickshire, says,  "  When  Robert  Dudley  was  governor  of 
the  Low  Countries,  with  the  high  title  of  his  excellency, 
disusing  his  own  coat  of  the  green  lion  with  two  tails,  he 
signed  all  instruments  with  the  crest  of  the  bear  and 
ragged  staff.  He  was  then  suspected,  by  many  of  his 
jealous  adversaries,  to  hatch  an  ambitions  design  to  make 
himself  absolute  commander  (as  the  lion  is  king  of  beasts) 
over  the  Low  Countries.  Whereupon  some  (foes  to  his 
faction,  and  friends  to  the  Dutch  freedom)  wrote  under 
his  crest,  set  up  in  public  places : 

'  Ursa  caret  cauda,  non  queat  esse  .Leo.' 

'  The  bear  he  never  can  prevail 

To  lion  it,  for  lack  of  tail : '  " 

which  gave  rise  to  a  Warwickshire  proverb,  in  use  at  this 
day,  "  The  bear  wants  a  tail,  and  cannot  be  a  lion."  This 
singular  cognizance  sprang,  according  to  the  family  tra- 
dition, from  Arthgal,  one  of  the  knights  of  King  Arthur's 
Round  Table.  Arth  or  north,  in  the  British  language,  is 
raid  to  signify  a  bear ;  hence  this  ensign  was  adopted  as 
a  rebus  or  play  upon  his  name.  Morvidus,  another  earl 
of  the  same  family,  a  man  of  wonderful  valour,  slew  a 
giant  with  a  young  tree  torn  up  by  the  roots  and  hastily 
trimmed  of  its  boughs.  In  memory  of  this  exploit  his 
successors  bore  as  their  cognizance  a  silver  staff  in  a 
shield  of  sable.  (Lower's  Curiosities  of  Heraldry,  p.  164.) 
That  pious  and  amorous  Saxon  cavalier,  Guy  Earl  of 
Warwick,  also  bore  this  renowned  badge.] 

Bishop  Andrewes'  Epitaph, — The  conclusion  of 
the  epitaph  on  Bishop  Andrewes,  in  vol.  i.  of  the 
Anglo- Catholic  Library  (Parker,  1841),  is  this  : 

"  Tantum  est,  Lector,  quod  te  maerentes  posteri 
Nunc  volebant,  atque  ex  veto  tuo  valeas,  dicto 
Sit  Deo  Gloria." 

How  is  this  translated  ?  G. 

[Our  correspondent's  Query  is  not  at  all  surprising,  as 
Kippis  and  the  other  biographers  of  the  good  bishop  have 
shirked  the  translation  of  the  conclusion  of  his  epitaph. 
Turning  to  old  Stowe  (book  iv.  p.  12.,  edit.  1720),  it 
seems  that  an  important  word,  scire,  is  omitted,  so  that 
the  first  line  stands  thus : 

"  Tantum  est  (Lector)  quod  te  scire  masrentes  posteri." 

This  reading  will  be  easily  comprehended  by  G. ;  how- 
ever we  will  give  a  version  of  it:  "This  is  just  what 
mourning  posterity  wished  you  to  know,  Reader,  and 
having  said  '  Glory  to  God,'  may  you  be  well  and  prosper 
as  you  wish."] 

Searches  at  Heralds'  College.  —  How  must  I 
proceed  to  have  a  search  for  arms  in  the  Heralds' 
College  ;  and  what  would  be  the  expenses  ?  Does 
the  Heralds'  College  give  genealogical  inform- 
ation ;  and  at  what  price  ?  W.  E.  H. 

[The  expense  of  an  ordinary  search  at  the  Heralds'  Col- 
lege is  five  shillings  ;  for  a  general  search,  two  guineas ; 
for  copies  of  pedigrees,  five  shillings  each  generation ;  for 


other  matters,  the  expense  of  course  depends  on  the 
nature  of  the  document  or  information  required.  If 
parties  desirous  of  information  address  themselves  direct 
to  the'  Heralds'  College,  what  they  will  receive  may  be 
depended  upon  ;  which  is  more  than  can  be  said  of  much 
that  is  supplied  by  some  purveyors  of  genealogical  mat- 
ters. Our  columns  have  afforded  some  curious  illustrations 
of  the  manufacture  of  "  Factitious  Pedigrees."  See,  inter 
alia,  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  2V 


Nova  Scotia.  —  In  Chambers'  Journal  of  June  10, 
a  writer  thus  alludes  to  Nova  Scotia  : 

"  The  great  mineral  fields  of  that  ill-used  province, 
gifted  by  a  late  English  sovereign  to  a  favourite,  are  pretty 
nearly  useless  either  to  the  possessor  or  to  the  public." 

Who  are  the  sovereign  and  favourite  alluded 
to  ?  Is  not  the  province  as  much  a  possession  of 
the  English  crown  as  Canada?  B.  T. 

[The  first  grant  of  lands  was  made  to  Sir  William 
|  Alexander  by  James  I.,  from  whom  it  received  the  name 

of  Nova  Scotia,  instead  of  Acadia,  as  it  was  called  by  the 
i  French.  It  has  more  than  once  changed  proprietors,  but 
j  was  confirmed  to  England  at  the  Peace  of  Utrecht.  At 

present  it  is  immediately  dependent  on  the  British  crown.] 

Meaning  of"  doted."  —  I  met  with  the  following 
passage  the  other  ^day  in  a  pamphlet,  called 
Answers  to  the  Calumnies  of  Reviewers  on  Ship- 
builders : 

"  The  '  Royal  William  '  was  planked  under  water  with 
beech,  which,  if  used  before  it  becomes  doted,  answers  the 
purpose  quite  as  well  as  English  oak." 

Can  you,  Mr.  Editor,  throw  any  light  upon  the 
word  doted,  which  is  not  mentioned  in  Johnson  ? 

B. 

[The  word  occurs  in  Todd's  Johnson  :  "  To  dote,  v.  a.  to 
decay,  to  wither,  to  impair  ;  "  with  the  following  example 
from  Bishop  Howson's  Sermon,  1622,  p.  33.  :  "  Such  an  old 
oak,  though  now  it  be  doted,  will  not  be  struck  down  at 
one  blow."  Halliwell  spells  it  doated,  "beginning  to 
decay,  chiefly  applied  to  old  trees.  East."'] 

Shakspeares  Historical  Plays.  —  Will  any  of 
your  readers  kindly  inform  me  where  I  can  find 
the  best  biographical  illustrations  of  Shakspeare's 
historical  plays  ?  M.  D. 

[We  would  refer  our  correspondent  to  Commentaries  on 
the  Plays  of  Shakspeare,  by  the  Rt.  Hon.  T.  P.  Courtenay, 
2  vols.  8vo.,  1840.] 


EOBEET  PARSONS  OR  PERSONS. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  8.) 

He  was  born  at  Nether  Stowey,  near  Bridge- 
water,  in  the  year  1546.  The  titles  and  dates  of 
his  works  are  thus  given  by  Dodd  :  — 

1.  De   Persecutione    Anglicana,     Epistola:    Bononias, 
1581;  Eomse,  1582. 

2.  Responsio  ad  Edictum  Reginse  Elizabeths ;  Romas, 
1593. 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


69 


3.  Reasons  why  Catholicks  refuse  to  go  to  Church: 
Douay,  1580. 

4.  De  Sacris  alienis  non  adeundis :  Audomari,  1607. 

5.  A  Discovery  of  John  Nicols,  misreported  a  Jesuit : 
Lovan,  1592. 

6.  A  brief  Censure  upon  two  Books  of  W.  Chark  and 
M.  Hanmer.    1581, 1582. 

7.  A  Defence  of  the  aforesaid  Censure.    1582. 

8.  The  Christian  Directory,  &c.     1583-4-5,  1591-2-8, 
1673. 

9.  Of  Pilgrimages,  lib.  i.     12mo. 

10.  A  Treatise  of  the  three  Conversions  of  England : 
St.  Omer's,  1603. 

11.  The  Examination  of  Fox's  Calendar.    First  Part. 
1604. 

12.  Ditto,  ditto,  Second  Part : 
St.  Omer's,  1604. 

13.  A  Relation  of  the  Trial  made  before  the  King  of 
France  in  1600 :  St.  Omer's,  1604. 

14.  A  Review  of  Ten  Publick  Disputations,  &c. :  St. 
Omer's,  1604. 

15.  A  Manifestation  of  the  Folly  and  bad  Spirit  of 
certain  in  England,  &c. :  St.  Omer's,  1604. 

16.  A  brief  Apology  or  Defence  of  the  Catholick  Ec- 
clesiastical Hierarchy  in  England :  St.  Omer's,  1601. 

17.  An  Answer  to  the  Fifth  Part  of  Reports,  &c. :  St. 
Omer's,  1606. 

18.  A  Treatise  tending  to  Mitigation  against  T.  Morton. 
1607. 

19.  A  Defence  of  ditto :  St.  Omer's,  1609. 

20.  The  Judgment  of  a  Catholick  Gentleman  on  the 
Oath  of  Allegiance :  St.  Omer's,  1608. 

21.  A  Discussion  of  Mr.  Barlow's  Answer:  St.  Omer's, 
1612. 

22.  An  Account  of  certain  Martyrs  in  England :  Ma- 
drid, 1590. 

23.  A  Conference  about  the  next  Succession  to  the 
Crown,  &c.,  under  the  name  of  N.  Dolman,  attributed  to 
Parsons.     1593,  1594,  1681. 

24.  A  Temperate  Wardword,  &c.,  by  N.  D.     1599. 

25.  The  Warnword  to  Sir  F.  Hastings'  Wasteword,  by 
N.  D.     1599,  1602. 

26.  An  Answer  to  O.  E.    1603. 

27.  A  Dialogue  concerning  the  Earl  of  Leicester.    1600, 
1631,  1641. 

28.  An  Apologetical  Epistle  concerning  the  Christian 
Director}':  Antwerp,  1601. 

29.  The  Forerunner  of  Bell's  Downfall.     1605. 

30.  Liturgy  of  the  Mass.     1620. 

31.  Controversial  nostri  Temporis,  MS.  never  published. 

32.  A  Memorial  for  Reformation,  attributed  to  Parsons. 
1690. 

33.  Cases  of  Conscience,  MS.  kept  at  Rome. 

There  is  no  work  of  Father  Parsons  with  the 
title  mentioned  by  HIRLAS.  I  presume  that  the 
book  alluded  to  is  his  Christian  Directory.  Of 
this  there  have  been  recent  editions,  at  Liverpool, 
1754,  and  at  Dublin,  1822.  There  is  another 
work,  which  perhaps  HIBLAS  means,  entitled  A 
Book  of  Christian  Exercise  appertaining  to  Resolu- 
tion, by  R.  P.,  perused  by  E.  Bunny  in  London, 
1585.  This  is  the  same  as  the  Apologetical  Epistle, 
No.  28.  in  the  above  catalogue.  The  substance  of 
it  was  stolen  by  Bunny,  a  Protestant  clergyman, 
and  published  under  his  own  name.  F.  C.  H. 

[We  are  also  indebted  to  'AXteu's  for  another  list  of  Par- 
sons' Works,  compiled  chiefly  from  Wood's  Athence  and 
the  Bodleian  Catalogue.] 


Father  Robert  Parsons,  of  the  Society  of  Jesus, 
was  born  at  Nether  Stowey,  June  24,  1546;  he 
entered  the  Society  July  24,  1575 ;  was  ordained 
priest  1578 ;  died  at  Rome  April  15,  1610,  in  the 
English  College ;  and  was  buried  in  the  College 
Church  with  a  long  Latin  epitaph.  He  pub- 
lished fifteen  different  works,  for  a  list  and  descrip- 
tion of  which  HIRLAS  is  referred  to  a  work  pub- 
lished in  1838,  and  called  Collections  towards  illus- 
trating the  Biography  of  the  Scotch,  English,  and 
Irish  Members  of  the  Society  of  Jesus.  D. 

This  noted  writer  was  born  at  Nether  Stowey, 
near  Bridgewater,  in  Somersetshire,  in  1546. 
His  life  and  a  list  of  his  works  are  to  be  found  in 
Wood's  Athence  Oxonienses.  There  are  many  par- 
ticulars about  him  in  the  Hon.  Ed.  Petre's  Notices 
of  the  English  Colleges  and  Convents  established 
on  the  Continent,  Norwich,  1849;  and  in  Strype's 
Memorials  of  Abp.  Cranmer,  Ecclesiastical  Me- 
morials, Annals,  Life  of  Abp.  Parker,  Life  of 
Abp.  Whitgift.  THOMPSON  COOPEB. 

Cambridge. 

For  an  account  of  Robert  Parsons,  of  whom 
Bishop  Andrewes  so  frequently  makes  mention, 
see  A.  Wood's  Ath.  Oxon.,  ii.  col.  79.  He  died 
Aprils  (15?),  1610.  He  assumed  the  name  of 
Andrew  Philopater.  A  WYKEHAMIST. 


TRANSMUTATION    OF    METALS. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  8.) 

Having  no  pretensions  to  be  a  "really  scientific" 
reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  nevertheless  beg  to  con- 
tribute something  towards  the  elucidation  of  your 
correspondent's  Query,  and  to  the  bibliography  of 
Alchemy.  A  Mons.  Theodore  Tiffereau  published 
last  year  a  Memoire,  in  which  he  asserts  : 

"  J'ai  de'couvert  le  moyen  de  produire  de  1'or  artificiel ; 
j'ai  fait  de  For." 

A  reviewer  in  La  Presse  of  June  15  gives  an 
analysis  of  this  pamphlet ;  the  author  of  which,  it 
appears,  was  a  chemical  student  at  Nantes  in 
1840,  and  went  to  Mexico  in  1842  for  the  purpose 
of  making  an  exploratory  tour  among  the  mines 
in  that  classic  soil  of  metals.  M.  Tiffereau  being 
afraid  of  interruption  if  his  real  object  were 
known,  concealed  it  under  the  mask  of  practising 
the  new  art  of  Daguerreotype  ;  and  by  this  means 
he  was  enabled  to  traverse  California,  and  other 
gold-producing  districts,  without  molestation.  He 
says  : 

"C'est  en  Audiant  les  gisemens  des  me'taux,  leurs 
gangues,  leurs  divers  e'tats  physiques,  c'est  en  interro- 
geant  les  mineurs  et  comparant  leurs  impressions,  que 
j'acquis  la  certitude  que  les  metaux  subissaient  dans  leur 
formation  certaines  lois,  certains  ages  inconnus,  mais  dont 
les  re«ultats  frappent  1'esprit  de  quiconque  les  e'tudie  avec 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  247. 


soin.  Une  fois  place  h  ce  point  de  vue,  mes  recherches 
devinrent  plus  ardentes,  plus  fructueuses ;  peu  b.  peu  la 
lumiere  se  fit,  et  je  compris  1'ordre  dans  lequel  je  devais 
commencer  mes  travaux.  Apres  cinq  ans  de  recherches  et 
de  labeurs,  je  re'ussis  enfin  k  'produire  quelques  grammes 
d'or  parfaitement  pur." 

As  M.  Tiffereau  appears  to  be  a  really  scien- 
tific man,  in  the  matter  of  geology  and  mineralogy, 
your  correspondents  will  probably  be  glad  to  pro- 
cure the  Memoirs  in  which  the  process  of  dis- 
covery is  narrated.  The  reviewer  gives  some 
quotations  from  M.  Dumas,  who,  in  his  Lepons  de 
Philosophic  Chimique,  says : 

"  L'expe'rience,  il  faut  le  dire,  n'est  point  en  opposition 
jusqu'ici  avec  la  possibilite'  de  la  transmutation  de  corps 
simples  ou  au  moins  de  certains  corps  simples.",. 

JOHN  MACRAT. 
Oxford. 


TRENCH  ON  PROVERBS. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  387. 519.  641. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  107.) 

The  following  remarks  were  sent  to  "  N.  &  Q." 
some  months  ago,  but  were,  I  suppose,  accidentally 
overlooked.  Having  just  found  a  copy,  I  send 
my  remarks  again. 

In  reply  to  MR.  MARGOLIOUTH,  I  must  confine 
myself  to  the  passages  which  he  asks  me  to  trans- 
late. To  enter  farther  into  the  rest  of  the  ques- 
tion would  convert  notes  into  essays.  I  must  ac- 
knowledge I  hold  my  former  opinions  still ;  but  to 
prove  them  would  require  very  detailed  criticism ; 
and  neither  MR.  MARGOLIOUTH  nor  I  would  like 
that  sort  of  popular  argument  which  consists  in 
counter-assertions. 

Now,  as  to  the  passages  from  Isaiah,  I  pass  them 
by,  as  I  never  intended  to  question  the  fact  that 
JJV  in  Hebrew,  like  the  words  representing  to  give 
in  all  languages,  is  often  used  elliptically ;  that  is, 
the  noun  it  governs  is  understood.  My  objection 
was,  that_  whereas  in  the  disputed  passage  there  is 
the  transitive  verb  give,  and  also  a  noun,  which  it 
naturally  seems  to  govern,  the  proposed  trans- 
lation would  leave  the  verb  without  an  accusative, 
the  noun  without  a  governing  verb.  But,  as  MR. 
MARGOLIOUTH  of  course  is  aware,  this  very  obscure 
passage  of  Isaiah  is  capable  of  an  interpretation 
which  altogether  removes  the  ellipsis. 
„  As  to  the  passage  in  Ps.  xc.  5.  — 

VPP  rut?  Dn»-iT 
t  ?prv  Tvna  tpm 

the  literal  translation  is,  "  Thou  overwhelmest 
them :  asleep  are  they :  in  the  morning  [they 
are]  as  the  grass  [which]  groweth  up."  The  el- 
lipsis here  is  not  at  all  analogous  to  that  alleged. 
It  is  a  very  usual  omission  of  the  particle  of  simi- 
litude, which  omission,  according  to  the  poetical 
usage  of  all  languages,  converts  a  simile  into  a 


metaphor.  Perhaps,  however  (for  it  is  only  so 
that  the  passage  can  be  fairly  considered  to  bear 
out  the  proposed  rendering),  MR.  MARGOLIOUTH 
would  translate  it  thus :  "  Thou  overwhelmest 
them  in  sleep :  they  shall  be  in  the  morning,"  &c. 
If  so,  I  have  the  same  objection  to  this  as  to  the 
other  case,  as  unnecessarily  disturbing  a  natural 
construction,  and  substituting  a  very  questionable 
ellipsis.  The  reading  of  our  Bible  translation  is 
borne  out  by  the  LXX,  the  Syriac,  Jerome's 
Latin  version  from  the  Hebrew,  and  the  ancient 
stichometricat  arrangement.  It  is  true  the  LXX 
and  Syriac  differ  as  to  the  first  word  (their  read- 
ings were  obviously  different),  but  their  trans- 
lations of  ViT1  occupy  the  same  place.  I  must 
confess  that,  having  gone  through  the  whole  Book 
of  Psalms  for  the  very  object  of  ascertaining,  if 
possible,  an  analogous  ellipsis,  I  could  discover 
none.  But  as  my  object  is  not  victory  in  dispute, 
but  a  real  desire  for  information,  I  will  acknow- 
ledge that  there  is  an  ellipsis  in  one  of  the  psalms 
of  degrees,  to  which  I  would  invite  MR.  MARGO- 
LIOUTH'S  attention,  not  as  being  strictly  in  point, 
but  as  being  as  anomalous  (if  I  am  not  mistaken) 
as  that  which  he  proposes,  viz.  in  Ps.  cxxxiv.  2., 
BHp  D3T1  1NtJ>,  "Lift  up  your  hands  [in]  the 
sanctuary."  However,  it  is  possible  that  this  may 
be  considered  as  one  of  those  ellipses  not  unusual 
after  verbs  of  motion,  in  which  the  particle,  ex- 
pressed by  us,  is  often  contained  in  the  verb,  viz., 
"  Lift-up-unto  the  sanctuary  your  hands."  An 
interesting  work  might  be  written  on  the  ellipses 
of  the  sacred  language,  by  some  Hebraistic  Bos. 
Indeed  the  existing  essays  on  Hebrew  syntax  are 
strangely  defective.  JOHN  JEBB. 


FORENSIC    JOCULARITIES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  538. ;  Vol.  x.,  p.  18.) 

The  two  articles  referred  to  are  instances  of 
the  crambe  recocta  with  which  the  heedlessness  of 
correspondents  overloads  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q. ;" 
and  the  following  notice  of  them  may  tend  to 
correct  this  abuse. 

The  forensic  jocularity  which  thejr  reproduce 
are  as  well  known  as  any  epigram  in  our  lan- 
guage. After  having  been  extensively  ventilated 
in  the  newspapers,  it  found  a  more  substantial 
abode  in  Twiss's  Life  of  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon ; 
and  it  has  been  reproduced  in  Mr.  Hardy's  Life 
of  Lord  Langdale,  and  still  more  recently^in  the 
Quarterly  Review  of  the  latter  work,  in  which  the 
occasion  of  the  verses  and  the  correction  of  some 
verbal  errors  in  the  two  former  versions  are  given, 
and  apparently  on  the  authority  of  the  original 
epigrammatist,  there  stated  to  be  Sir  George  Rose. 

This  well-known  pleasantry  T.  A.  T.  sends  us 
from  "  Florence  as  a  picture  of  Chancery -practice 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


in  the  days  when  George  III.  was  King,  which 
some  future  Macaulay,  when  seeking  to  reproduce  in 
his  vivid  pages  the  form  and  pressure  of  the  time, 
may  cite  from  '  N.  Sf  Q.,'  ivithout  risk  of  leading 
his  readers  to  any  very  inaccurate  conclusions." 
Now,  highly  as  we  may  estimate  "N.  &  Q.,"  it  may 
be  doubted  whether  the  future  historian  would  be 
likely  to  look  to  them  under  the  date  of  June  10, 
1854,  for  what  was  already  recorded  in  the  lives 
of  Lord  Eldon  and  Lord  Langdale;  but  if  he  did  he 
would  assuredly  be  "  led  to  very  inaccurate  con- 
clusions" by  T.  A.  T.'s  Florentine  version  :  for,  in 
the  first  place,  the  lines  are  not  the  "  picture  of 
Chancery-pracft'ce,"  but  of  four  Chancery-jorac- 
titioners  of  the  time  of  George  IV.,  in  whose  re- 
gency, if  not  his  reign  (as  I  rather  believe),  the 
verses  were  written ;  and  (which  is  of  more  im- 
portance) T.  A.  T.  blunts  two  points  of  the  epi- 
gram by  applying  to  Mr.  Leach  one  of  the  cha- 
racters of  Mr.  Hart,  and  vice  versa. 

Then  (Vol.  x.,  p.  18.),  another  correspondent, 
O.  B.,  offers  a  corrected  version,  which  is  still 
more  erroneous,  for  it  repeats  the  same  mistake 
as  to  Leach  and  Hart,  and  adopts  another  mode 
(by  Mr.  Hardy)  of  substituting  Mr.  Bell  speaking 
so  well,  which  has  no  point  at  all,  for  "  Mr.  Cook 
quoting  his  book,"  which  was  really  a  sharp  one. 

As  the  account  given  of  this  pleasantry  in  the 
Quarterly  appears,  as  we  have  said,  to  have  had 
the  sanction  of  the  author,  it  may  be  as  Avell  to 
transcribe  it. 

"  It  happened  that  Mr.  Vesey,  the  reporter,  being  sud- 
denly called  out  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  requested  Mr., 
now  Sir  George  Kose,  to  take  a  note  of  the  argument, 
which  he  did,  accurately  enough  it  is  said,  in  the  follow- 
ing lines : — 

'  Mr.  Leach  made  a  speech, 

Angry,  neat,  and  wrong ; 
Mr.  Hart,  on  the  other  part, 

Was  right,  but  dull  and  long. 
Mr.  Parker  made  that  darker, 

Which  was  dark  enough  without ; 
Mr.  Cook  quoted  his  book, 
And  the  Chancellor  said,  I  doubt.' " 

Quart.  Rev.,  Sept.  1852. 

c. 

The  following  was,  I  believe,  the  occasion 
of  these  lines :  —  A  certain  witty  barrister,  now 
a  Master  in  Chancery,  "was  asked  by  a  friend, 
a  reporter,  to  watch  a  cause  for  him  in  his  ab- 
sence, and  make  out  a  short  report  of  it.  The 
barrister  so  deputed  forgot  his  undertaking,  and 
paid  little  attention  to  the  debate  till  it  was  too 
late,  when  he  scribbled  off  the  metrical  report  in 
question,  which  was  as  follows.  All  the  charac- 
ters are  well  remembered  by  the  Chancery  bar  :  — 

"  Mr.  Leach  made  a  speech, 
Angry,  neat,  but  wrong ; 
Mr.  Hart,  on  the  other  part, 
Was  prosy,  dull,  and  long. 


Mr.  Bell  spoke  very  well, 

Though  nobody  knew  about  what ; 

Mr.  Trower  talked  for  an  hour, 
Sat  down  fatigued  and  hot. 

Mr.  Parker  made  the  case  darker, 
Which  was  dark  enough  without ; 

Mr.  Cook  quoted  his  book, 
And  the  Chancellor  said,  I  doubt." 

N.  E.  N. 
Lincoln's  Inn. 

T.  A.  T.  and  O.  B.  write  Leech.  Leach  is  the 
right  name.  He  afterwards  filled  the  offices  of 
Vice-Chancellor  of  England  and  Master  of  the 
Rolls.  Hart  was  promoted  to  the  offices  of  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  England  and  Lord  Chancellor  of 
Ireland.  As  to  Mr.  Parker,  see  Twiss's  note  to 
the  passage  extracted,  ending 

"  Parker  happened  to  chime  with  '  darker.'  If  the 
counsel  had  been  a  Mr.  Eayner,  the  report  would  as- 
suredly have  run  '  made  the  case  plainer.'  " 

Referring  to  the  concluding  passage  of  T.  A.  T.'s 
note,  I  know  not  what  weight  the  Macaulay  of 
the  twenty-first  or  twenty-second  century  may 
give  to  my  friend  Rose's  extempore  squib,  but  I 
will  express  my  earnest  hope  that  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellor of  that  day  may  be  as  able,  as  honest,  and 
as  agreeable  a  judge  as  Lord  Eldon  was,  and  that 
he  may  have  as  learned,  intelligent,  and  powerful 
a  bar  as  practised  before  him  at  the  time  we  are 
speaking  of.  To  the  counsel  already  named  must 
be  aQded  the  (I  believe  I  may  say)  unrivalled  Sir 
Samuel  Romilly,  their  cotemporary.  Mr.  Wil- 
liams, of  the  common  law  bar,  afterwards  Mr. 
Justice  Williams,  one  of  the  most  formidable  as- 
sailants of  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon,  both  in  the 
House  of  Commons  and  in  the  Edinburgh  Review, 
appeared  as  counsel  in  the  Court  of  Chancery 
upon  some  common  law  matter.  As  he  left  the 
court  at  the  close  of  the  day,  he  said,  "Your  Lord 
Chancellor  is  an  abundantly  agreeable  judge." 
Twiss  has  fully  discussed  Lord  Eldon's  judicial 
character  in  his  third  volume.  J.  W.  FABRER. 

Here  is  another  forensic  jocularity  which  I  find 
in  an  old  law  book  : 

"  A  woman,  having  a  settlement, 
Married  a  man  with  none ; 
The  question  was,  he  being  dead, 
If  that  she  had  was  gone. 
Quoth  Sir  John  Pratt, '  Her  settlement 
Suspended  did  remain 
Living  the  husband,  but  him  dead, 
It  did  revive  again.' 
CJiorus  of  Puisne  Judges,  — 

Living  the  husband,  but  him  dead, 
It  did  revive  again." 


H.M. 


Peckham. 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  247. 


ANECDOTE  BELATED  BY  ATTERBURT. 

(VoL  x.,  p.  6.) 

The  Historic  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  edit.  1620, 
London,  folio,  mentioned  by  your  correspondent 
WM.  FRASER,  is,  I  presume,  a  translation  of  Fra 
Paolo  Sarpi's  work  bearing  the  same  title,  and 
hence  Atterbury's  note.  The  anecdote  appears 
in  a  foot-note  by  Pierre  Francois  Le  Courayer,  in 
his  translation  into  French  of  Sarpi's  work,  of 
which  there  are  more  than  one  edition  :  the  first 
was  published  at  London,  in  2  vols.  folio,  1736; 
but  the  one  from  which  I  am  about  to  quote,  and 
which  is  in  the  library  of  the  British  Museum,  is 
in  3  vols.  4to.,  Amst,  1751.  The  quotation  is 
from  La  Vie  de  FAuteur,  vol.  i.  p.  Ixiv.,  and  a 
"  relat.  MS."  is  referred  to  in  the  margin  as  the 
authority  : 

"  Un  Docteur  Duncomb,  qui  charge  de  la  conduite  de 
quelques  Seigneurs  Anglois  se  trouvoit  &  Ve'nise  apres  la 
mort  du  Pere  Paul*,  y  e'tant  tombe"  malade  et  paroissant 
tout  k  fait  abattu,  le  Pere  Fulgence  f  lui  demanda  la  cause 
de  son  accablement  et  lui  offrit  tous  ses  services.  Le  Doc- 
teur avoua  inge'nument  au  Pere,  qu'il  avoit  toujours  de- 
mande  &  Dieu  la  grace  de  mourir  dans  un  endroit  ou  il 
put  recevoir  le  Sacrement  selon  1'usage  de  1'Eglise  Angli- 
cane,  c'est-a-dire  sous  les  deux  Especes,  et  que  malheu- 
reasement  il  se  trouvoit  sans  cette  espe'rance  dans  le  pays  ou 
il  se  trouvoit.  Ce  qui  eut  e'te'  une  difficult^  pour  un  autre, 
ne  le  fut  pas  pour  le  Pere  Fulgence.  II  eut  bientot  con- 
sole' le  Docteur,  en  lui  disant  qu'il  avoit  les  prieres  com- 
munes en  Italien,  et  que  s'il  le  souhaitoit  il  viendroit  lui- 
me"me  avec  quelques-uns  de  ses  confreres  lui  administrer  la 
Communion  sous  les  deux  especes,  d'autant  plus  qu'il  y 
avoit  encore  dans  son  inonastere  sept  ou  huit  des  disciples 
du  Pere  Paul,  qui  s'assembloient  de  terns  en  terns  pour 
recevoir  ainsi  le  Sacrement.  C'est  ce  que  le  Docteur  Dun- 
comb  rapporte  &  Mylord  Hatton  h  son  retour  en  Angle- 
terre,  et  ce  que  1'eVeque  Atterbury  atteste  apres  1'avoir 
appris  de  la  bouche  du  Capitaine  Hattoa  qui  1'avoit  en- 
tendu  dire  plusieurs  fois  &  son  pere." 

I  have  now  to  trouble  you  with  another  Query 
arising  from  Atterbury's  Note.  Who  and  what 
was  Dr.  Duncombe  ?  I  think  there  is  ground  in 
the  extracts  given  by  MR.  FRASER  and  myself  to 
warrant  a  surmise  that  he  was  a  clergyman,  and 
one  of  those  ejected  by  the  Puritans.  That  a 
friendly  confidence  should  have  been  established 
between  a  disciple  of  Laud,  as  I  take  him  to  have 
been,  and  the  Protestantising  monk  of  Venice,  is 
nothing  to  be  wondered  at  at. 

MR.  FRASER,  I  apprehend,  wrote  with  a  theo- 
logical, while  I  write  with  a  genealogical,  purpose ; 
but  if  I  err  in  this  conjecture,  and  MR.  FRASER 
wishes  for,  or  will  impart,  any  genealogical  details 
concerning  Dr.  Duncombe,  and  as  such  would  not 
be  generally  interesting  to  your  readers,  I  inclose 
my  address  for  him,  and  shall  be  happy  to  hear 
from  him.  J.  K. 

*  He  died  January  14,  1642. 

f  Fulgenzio  was  a  Minorite.  His  Life  of  Fra  Paolo  was 
published  in  English  (8vo.,  1651).  He  was  burnt  in  the 
Field  of  Flora. 


ANCIENT    USAGES    OF    THE    CHURCH. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  127.  257.  566.) 

The  custom  of  dressing  the  church  with  flowers, 
green  boughs,  or  holly  and  ivy,  prevails  at  Leigh, 
Worcestershire,  at  the  three  great  festivals  of  the 
Church.  On  Good  Friday,  too,  the  church  is 
dressed  with  yew,  which  gives  place  to  the  flowers 
on  Easter-day.  At  this  church,  the  ascription  of 
praise  after  the  Gospel  is  sung ;  in  some  of  the 
neighbouring  churches  it  is  said  by  the  clerk.  At 
Leigh,  when  a  funeral  approaches  the  church, 
they  cease  the  tolling  of  the  bell,  and  ring  a 
peal.  The  passing-bell  is  tolled  three  times  three 
for  a  woman,  and  three  times  two  for  a  man. 

It  is  the  custom  in  some  village  churches  in 
Huntingdonshire,  for  the  communicants  to  leave 
their  pews  and  seats  as  soon  as  the  sermon  is 
ended,  and  to  arrange  themselves  (kneeling)  on 
hassocks  placed  in  rows  in  front  of  the  altar. 
They  continue  in  a  kneeling  posture  from  the 
beginning  to  the  end  of  the  service  (a  custom  that 
causes  great  fatigue  to  aged  and  infirm  people), 
and  only  move  from  their  places  when  they  come 
to  kneel  at  the  altar  rails.  After  partaking  of  the 
Communion,  "the  befter  class"  retire  to  the  soli- 
tude of  their  pews,  leaving  the  poorer  communi- 
cants kneeling  at,  or  in  front  of,  the  rails.  At  two 
churches  in  Huntingdonshire,  it  is  the  custom  for 
the  clerk  to  receive,  respectively,  two  shillings, 
and  eighteen-pence,  at  the  conclusion  of  this 
service. 

I  have  never  been  anywhere  (I  think)  without 
observing  what  is  termed  "  the  ancient  practice  of 
an  obeisance,"  as  often  as  the  Gloria  occurs  in  the 
course  of  the  service.  I  have  seen  this  done  by 
the  poorest  sort ;  and  have  more  particularly  noted 
it  in  country  villages.  But  it  has  always  struck 
me  that  the  obeisance  was  not  to  the  Gloria  as  a 
whole,  but  only  to  that  part  of  it  which  relates  to 
the  second  person  of  the  Trinity ;  and  that  it  was 
a  custom  founded  on  a  too- full  rendering  of  the 
text,  "at  the  name  of  Jesus  every  knee  shall 
bow."  I  am  somewhat  confirmed  in  this  belief, 
by  the  answers  of  many  of  the  poor  made  to  re- 
marks on  this  subject;  and  I  have  frequently 
observed  that  the  obeisance  is  as  regularly  made 
by  them  whenever  the  names  of  the  three  persons 
in  the  blessed  Trinity  (i.  e.  at  the  mention  of  the 
second  person)  are  repeated  during  the  sermon,  or 
at  some  other  part  of  divine  service.  The  bowing 
of  the  head,  believed  by  the  Bishop  of  London  to 
be  a  novelty  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  566.),  I  presume  to  be 
that  obeisance  made  by  some  Scotch  and  other 
members  of  the  Church,  where  the  bowing  posture 
is  retained  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the 
Gloria.  Any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  who  may  have 
attended  the  daily  prayer  at  Durham  Cathedral 
some  six  years  ago,  may  remember  how  two  or 
three  Scotch  members  of  its  congregation  were 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


73 


accustomed  to  make  a  very  low  obeisance  of  this 
kind  :  the  posture  being  retained  during  the  whole 
of  the  Gloria,  which,  in  a  musical  service,  is  often 
of  from  three  to  five  minutes'  duration,  if  not  more. 

E.  H.  A.  mentions  Durham  Cathedral  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  567.) ;  and  in  the  same  paragraph  says,  that 
where  the  Bidding  Prayer  is  used,  he  believes  it 
is  usual  for  the  people  to  stand  during  the  Lord's 
Prayer.  I  have  always  seen  the  reverse  of  this  in 
Durham  Cathedral  and  elsewhere.  In  St.  George's 
Church,  Kidderminster,  the  people  were  ac- 
customed to  stand  when  this  prayer  occurred  in 
the  Second  Lesson. 

Five  or  six  years  ago  it  was  the  custom  in 
Durham  Cathedral  to  have  the  Communion 
(sacramental)  service  partially  sung  on  the  first 
Sunday  in  every  month.  A  portion  of  the  cho- 
risters (both  men  and  boys)  were  arranged  for 
this  purpose  at  desks  within  the  rails,  to  the  north 
and  south  of  the  altar.  The  service  was  read  up 
to  the  Sursum  Corda,  when  the  choir  took  up  the 
responses.  After  the  thanksgiving,  the  words 
"  Therefore  with  angels,"  &c.  were  said,  and  the 
choir  did  not  join  until  the  proper  place.  The 
same  custom  was  observed  on  other  Sundays  with 
the  clerks  and  people ;  who  only  joined  in  at  the 
words  "  Holy,  holy,  holy,"  &c.  (Palmer  refers  to 
the  people,  "  owing  to  the  want  of  a  clear  rubrical 
direction,"  commonly  repeating,  not  only  the  Ter- 
sanctus ;  but  also  the  "portion  of  the  preface;" 
Orig.  Lit.  ii.  127.  For  this  "Trisagion,"  see  also 
Bingham,  Antiq.  772.  edit.  1846.)  During  the 
time  of  the  delivering  the  Elements,  an  organ 
voluntary  was  played,  with  an  effect  both  beauti- 
ful and  impressive.  In  the  Post-Communion,  the 
choir  joined  in  the  Lord's  Prayer ;  and  then,  all 
standing,  sang  the  "  Gloria  in  Excelsis." 

CUTHBEBT  BEDE,  B.A. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Mr.  Lyte's  Process  (Vol.  x.,  p.  51.). — In  the  event  of 
MB.  LYTE'S  absence,  I  beg  to  suggest,  in  answer  to 
C.  H.  C.,  that  although  iodide  of  silver  is  insoluble  in 
water,  it  is  soluble  in  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver,  in  which 
MR.  LYTE  directs  that  it  shall  be  dissolved,  according  to 
C.  H.  C.'s  own  showing.  GEO.  SHADBOUT. 

Plant's  Camera.  —  In  Mr.  Dilke's  Special  Report  of  the 
New  York  Industrial  Exhibition,  that  gentleman  states : 

"M.  H.  Plant,  of  Paris,  exhibits  a  camera  box  (with- 
out lens)  for  taking  photographs  on  paper,  together  with 
a  multiple  frame  for  holding  a  number  of  sheets  of  pre- 
pared (dry)  paper,  and  transferring  them  to  the  camera 
slide,  and  again  from  thence  to  the  opposite  side  of  the 
frame  (after  having  received  the  impression),  without 
exposure  to  light.  The  whole  apparatus  appears  to  be 
ingeniously  and  judiciously  contrived;  and  the  work- 
manship and  fitting  (on  winch  so  much  of  its  usefulness 
must  depend)  are  admirable." 

The  object  of  my  present  communication  is  to  ask 
whether  M.  Plant's  camera  is  known  in  England,  and 


where  it  may  be  seen ;  or,  if  not  the  camera  itself,  some 
fuller  description  of  it  ?  P.  C. 

Wax-paper  Process. — The  cerole'ine  process  does  not 
appear  to  have  many  advocates,  because  perhaps,  in  the 
first  stage,  the  paper  is  not  so  transparent  as  is  expected. 
Has,  however,  the  solution  of  the  iodide  of  silver,  when 
made  with  spirits  of  wine,  failed  when  used  to  iodize 
waxed  paper  ?  THOMAS  FALCONER. 


to 

Old  Army  Lists  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  589.).— Y.  S.  M. 
will  find  army  lists,  from  1730*  to  1854  inclusive, 
at  Messrs.  Parker,  Furnivall,  and  Parker's  esta- 
blishment, 30.  Charing  Cross,  London  ;  and  as  hia 
letters  are  generally  dated  from  Dublin,  he  will 
find  several  very  curious  army  lists,  from  1743  on, 
in  the  library  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  Your 
correspondent  JOHN  D' ALTON,  Esq.,  of  48.  Sum- 
mer Hill,  Dublin,  could,  doubtless,  assist  Y.  S.  M. 

G.  L.  S. 

The  Title  of  Clarence  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  224.).  —  See 
an  elaborate  paper  upon  this  subject  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Donaldson,  published  in  the  first  Number  of 
Proceedings  of  the  Bury  and  West  Suffolk  Archaeo- 
logical Institute.  VOKAROS. 

"  The  Birch  :  a  Poem"  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  159.).  — I 
possess  a  copy  of  the  above  poem,  quoted  at  length 
by  BALUOLENSIS,  which  contains  several  couplets 
not  given  in  his  copy.  I  found  the  lines  in 
Adams's  Weekly  Chester  Courant  of  Tuesday, 
July  25,  1786  ;  and  as  the  Grammar  School  of 
this  city  was  at  that  time  in  the  very  zenith  of  its 
glory,  I  think  it  highly  probable  that  the  lines  in 
question  were  the  production  of  one  or  other  of 
the  scholars.  If  BALLIOLENSIS  wishes  to  complete 
his  MS.  copy,  and  will  communicate  personally 
with  me,  I  shall  be  happy  to  transcribe  for  him 
such  of  the  lines  as  appear  to  be  missing  in  his  own 
MS.  edition.  T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

Henry  Garnett  (Vol.  x.,  p.  18.).  —  Is  it  clear 
that  this  Jesuit  Father  had  two  Christian  names  f 
I  can  find  no  evidence  to  that  effect  in  any  ac- 
counts of  his  life,  and  am  therefore  inclined  to 
think  that  the  first  word  of  the  inscription  under- 
neath his  portrait  at  Rome  was  Pater,  not  Peter; 
as  it  is  very  unlikely  that  an  English  name  should 
have  found  place  in  a  Latin  inscription.  More- 
over, if  he  had  taken  a  second  name  at  his  con- 
firmation, it  would  have  come  after  his  baptismal 
name,  Henry.  What  FUHVUS  means  by  his  cano- 
nisation I  cannot  imagine,  as  he  has  never  been 
thus  honoured.  Still  I  cannot  approve  of  his 
being  styled  "  the  conspirator,"  as  impartial  his- 
tory acquits  him  on  that  head.  It  is  not  easy  to 

[*  The  earliest  Army  List  at  Messrs.  Parker,  Furnivall, 
and  Parker's,  is  dated  March  20,  1739-40.— ED.] 


74 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  247. 


determine  the  date  or  place  of  his  birth.  Dodd, 
in  his  Church  History,  states  that  he  was  born  in 
N"ottingham,sfa>e,  in  1555 ;  but  F.  More,  in  his 
History  of  the  English  Mission  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus,  calls  him  Henry  Garnett,  of  Nottingham, 
or,  as  others  write,  of  Hennary,  in  the  county  of 
Derby.  He  gives  as  the  date  of  his  birth  1550, 
and  states  that  he  was  born  of  "honourable 
parentage,"  which  is  rather  at  variance  with  the 
"  country  schoolmaster "  of  FURVUS.  I  believe 
that  no  farther  search  would  be  successful,  as  the 
above  is  all  the  information  afforded  as  to  the 
birth  and  parentage  of  Henry  Garnett  by  the 
most  authentic  accounts  extant.  F.  C.  H. 

A  notice  of  this  unjustly  condemned  man  will 
be  found  in  Walcott's  William  of  Wyheham  and 
his  Colleges,  p.  403.  A  WYKEHAMIST. 

A.  M.  and  M.  A.  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  475.  599.).— 
E.  G.  R.,  M.  A.,  before  he  so  positively  stated 
that  JUVERNA  was  wrong  in  saying  that  "  Masters 
of  Arts  of  Oxford  are  styled  M.A.  in  contradis- 
tinction to  the  Masters  of  Arts  of  every  other 
University,"  should  have  looked  into  the  Oxford 
and  Cambridge  Calendars.  In  Oxford  the  Bache- 
lors and  Masters  of  Arts  are  B.  A.  and  M.  A.,  in 
Cambridge  A.  B.  and  A.  M. ;  whether  the  name  is 
expressed  in  English  or  not  has  nothing  to  do 
with  it.  In  Oxford  the  Doctor  of  Medicine  is 
D.  M.,  in  Cambridge  M.  D.  A.  B.  M.,  Oxon. 

KutchakutcJioo  (Vol.  x.,  p.  17.).  —  Your  corre- 
spondent E.  D.  is  mistaken  in  thinking  that  any 
such  "  amusement  was  fashionable  about  sixty 
years  ago."  I  can  venture  to  say  that  it  never 
was  heard  of  in  England.  There  was,  indeed,  as 
stated  by  E.  D.,  a  lampoon  published  in  Dublin 
about  1804  under  that  title,  which  was  made  the 
vehicle  of  some  satirical  remarks  on  individuals, 
but  which  was,  as  to  the  existence  of  any  such 
amusement,  a  mere  fiction,  a  clumsy  mystification, 
•which  deceived  nobody,  and  had  no  success.  C. 

Lord  Fairfax  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  10.  379.).  —  UNEDA 
gives  the  name  of  the  present  Lord  Fairfax  incor- 
rectly. His  name  is,  as  stated  in  the  Book  of 
Peerage,  Charles  Snowdon  Fairfax.  His  mother, 
whose  maiden  name  was  Snowdon,  resides  at  her 
country  seat,  Woodbourne,  in  the  district  of  Co- 
lumbia. Her  son,  known  as  Mr.  Charles  S.  Fair- 
fax, went  to  California  about  three  years  ago,  and 
is  now  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  that  State. 

W.  R.  G. 

Washington,  D.  C.,  U.  S. 

Gutta  Percha  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  233.).  —  In  answer 
to  your  correspondent  E.  B.,  I  beg  to  inform  him 
that  gutta  percha  may  be  rendered  soluble  by 
means  of  pure  chloroform,  which  readily  dissolves 


it.  A  coating  of  this  solution  may  be  applied  to 
almost  any  article,  and  the  gutta  percha,  after  the 
evaporation  of  the  chloroform,  will,  in  my  opinion, 
be  found  as  hard  as  it  was  previous  to  being  made 
soluble ;  the  gutta  percha  used  should  be  that 
which  is  in  the  sheet,  liked  oiled  silk,  as  it  is  the 
purest ;  the  chloroform  should  be  good,  for  other- 
wise the  application,  instead  of  perfectly  drying, 
remains  glutinous.  A  simple  way  of  testing  the 
solution  for  its  efficacy,  is  to  pour  a  large  drop  of 
it  on  the  back  of  the  hand  (supposing  the  solution 
to  be  a  weak  one,  namely,  half  a  drachm  of  gutta 
percha  to  one  ounce  of  chloroform).  If  it  be  of 
good  quality,  it  dries  off  within  a  minute,  leaving 
on  the  skin  a  thin  but  firm  pellicle  perfectly  dry, 
not  adhering  to  the  finger  firmly  pressed  upon  it, 
and  capable  of  being  drawn  off  in  a  consistent 
pellicle  of  a  light  colour.  On  the  contrary,  if  the 
drop  of  the  solution  is  long  in  drying,  and  not 
firm  but  glutinous,  the  chloroform  is  not  pure. 

c.w. 

Bradford. 

The  "  Economy  of  Human  Life  '•'  (Vol.  x.,  p,  8.). 
—  In  the  edition  of  the  Economy  of  Human  Life, 
printed  for  Thomas  Tegg  in  1811,  the  preface  is 
addressed  to  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield.  We  wish 
to  know  upon  what  authority  the  editor  or  pub- 
lisher thus  ignored  Lord  Chesterfield's  claim  to 
the  authorship  of  this  much-admired  synopsis  of 
moral  duties  ?  A  reference  to  the  original  title- 
page  and  preface  would  throw  light  upon  this 
question.  Perhaps  some  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
may  possess  a  copy  of  one  of  the  earliest  editions  : 
the  work  was  first  published  in  1751.* 

The  morals  and  reflections  are  obviously  the 
same  as  Chesterfield  inculcated  in  his  writings, 
while  the  maxims  are  similar,  and  at  times  iden- 
tical with  the  rules  upon  which  the  philosophic 
earl  regulated  his  conduct  through  life.  The 
style  and  sentiments  are  evidently  above  the 
humble  abilities  of  Dodsley.  We  trust  this  in- 
quiry may  be  the  means  of  preventing  this  minor 
English  classic  from  sinking  into  oblivion.  GJ. 

Lord  Brougham  and  Home  Tooke  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  575.).  —  I  think  MR.  DENTON  right  in  sup- 
posing Lord  Brougham's  assertion  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  398.)  to  be  an  inference,  certainly  not  a  fact ; 
but  I  think  Lord  Brougham  wrong  in  drawing 

[*  The  following  is  a  verbatim  copy  of  the  title-page  of 
the  first  edition :  "  The  OEconomy  of  Human  Life.  Trans- 
lated from  an  Indian  Manuscript,  written  by  an  ancient 
BKAMIX.  To  which  is  prefixed,  An  Account  of  the  Man- 
ner in  which  the  said  MANUSCRIPT  was  discover'd.  In  a 
LETTER  from  an  English  Gentleman  now  residing  in 
China,  to  the  Earl  of  *  *  *  *.  London :  Printed  for  M. 
Cooper,  at  the  Globe  in  Pater-noster-Row.  1761."  It  is 

dedicated  "To  the  Earl  of ."   In  the  illustrated 

4to.  edition  published  by  S.  and  E.  Harding,  Pall  Mall, 
in  1795,  both  the  title-page  and  dedication  state  that  the 
work  was  addressed  "  To  the  Earl  of  E  *  *  *  *."  — ED.} 


JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


75 


that  inference.  I  also  think  MR.  DENTON  wrong 
in  supposing  that  Home  Tooke  would  deny  truth 
"  to  have  any  objective  existence,"  if  by  that  ex- 
pression ME.  DENTON  means  that  he  would  deny 
"  things  to  be  causes  of  our  ideas,  of  our  thoughts." 
Let  MR.  DENTON,  and  J.  O.  B.  also,  refer  to 
Home  Tooke's  etymology  of  think ;  and  also  re- 
flect that  in  all  his  explanations  of  past  participles 
and  adjectives  (having  in  his  view  the  doctrine  of 
abstraction,  and  abstract  ideas),  he  maintained 
that  there  was  an  aliquid,  a  quidquid,  a  res  ob- 
jecta  always  understood. 

Tooke  also  most  carefully  and  constantly  dis- 
tinguished the  etymological  or  intrinsic  meaning 
of  a  word  from  our  application  of  it,  founded 
upon  and  deduced  from  that  meaning ;  and,  with 
his  usual  correctness  and  consistency,  he  would 
include  in  our  legal  application  of  the  word  libel, 
all  that  the  law  intends  by  the  word.  And  his 
complaint  in  his  own  case  was,  not  that  the  law 
was  absurd,  but  that  the  law  was  not  complied 
with  in  the  information  filed  against  him  by 
Thurlow  —  that  the  libel  was  not  so  sufficiently 
set  forth  and  described  as  the  law  required. 

My  opinion  is,  that  Tooke  has  been  and  is 
much  misunderstood,  and  quite  as  much  misre- 
presented by  such  interpretations  as  the  above,  as 
Berkeley  was  by  the  witticisms  of  Reid.  And 
farther,  that  it  is  time  justice  should  be  done  to 
his  noble  theory.  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

"  Cutting  off  with  a  shilling"  (Vol.  is.,  p.  198.). 
—  Your  correspondent  J.  H.  CHATEAU  will,  I 
think,  find  the  answer  to  his  Query  in  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  Blackstone,  book  ii.  ch.  xxxii. : 

"  The  Romans  were  also  wont  to  set  aside  testaments 
as  being  innfficiosa,  deficient  in  natural  duty,  if  they 
disinherited  or  totally  passed  by  (without  assigning  a 
true  and  sufficient  reason)  any  of  the  children  of  the 
testator.  But  if  the  child  had  any  legacy,  though  ever 
so  small,  it  was  a  proof  that  the  testator  had  not  lost  his 
memory  or  his  reason,  which  otherwise  the  law  presumed ; 
but  was  then  supposed  to  have  acted  thus  for  some  sub- 
stantial cause,  and  in  such  case  no  querela  inofficiosi  testa- 
menti  was  allowed.  Hence,  probably,  has  arisen  that 
groundless  error  of  the  necessity  of  leaving  the  heir  a 
shilling,  or  some  such  express  legacy,  in  order  to  disin- 
herit him  effectually.  Whereas  the  law  of  England  makes 
no  such  constrained  suppositions  of  forgetfulness  or  in- 
sanity ;  and,  therefore,  though  the  heir  or  next  of  kin  be 
totally  omitted,  it  admits  no  querela  inofficiosi  to  set  aside 
such  a  testament." 

G.  GERVAIS. 

Consecration  of  Regimental  Colours  (Vol.  x.,  p. 
10.). — The  old  Ordo  Romanus,  in  the  tenth  cen- 
tury, contains  a  form  for  the  consecration  of  a 
knight's  gonfalon,  as  an  essential  feature  in  the 
ceremonial  of  his  investiture.  It  much  resembles 
the  prayer  at  present  in  use.  The  early  Church 
displayed  banners  in  its  solemn  processions,  as 


St.  Augustine  carried  one  ensigned  with  a  cross 
(like  the  Labarum  of  Constantine)  before  K. 
Ethelbert,  at  Canterbury.  Every  great  Monas- 
tery had  its  special  banner,  and  sent  it  forth  to 
battle.  Stephen  carried  St.  Wilfrid's,  of  Ripon, 
at  Northallerton.  A  priest  of  Beverley  carried 
St.  John's  in  the  army  of  King  Edward  I.  The 
Earl  of  Surrey  had  the  loan  of  St.  Cuthbert's,  of 
Durham,  in  his  northern  expedition;  and  Skelton 
speaks  of  St.  William's,  of  York,  being  borne  by 
the  same  gallant  nobleman.  The  Edwards  and 
the  Henries  won  their  victories  under  the  banners 
of  St.  Edward  the  Confessor  and  St.  Edmund  of 
Bury.  Henry  VII.  offered,  after  his  winning  of 
the  Crown  on  Bosworth  Field,  the  banner  of  St. 
George  in  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Paul.  The  Ori- 
flamme  of  St.  Denis'  Abbey  was  borrowed  by  S. 
Louis,  by  Philip  le  Bel,  and  Louis  le  Gros,  when 
he  defended  France  against  Germany.  The  Pope 
sent  consecrated  colours  to  Charlemagne,  and  to 
Philip  of  Spain  for  his  armada.  The  bannered 
cross  led  the  crusader  in  the  East,  and  the  armies 
of  Ferdinand  beneath  Granada  against  the  Cres- 
cent. The  dignity  of  a  "  banneret"  was  the  first 
among  those  of  the  second  order  of  nobility.  The 
banners  of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter  hang  in  St. 
George's,  those  of  their  brethren  of  the  Bath  in 
Henry  VII.'s  Chapel  at  Westminster :  the  banners 
of  an  enemy  are  suspended  in  our  churches.  The 
banner  of  England  is  composed  of  the  crosses  of 
St.  George,  St.  Patrick,  and  St.  Andrew.  The 
Eastern  Church  had  no  service  for  the  benedic- 
tion of  colours.  In  the  Church  of  England,  the 
form,  which  is  merely  traditional,  is  varied  accord- 
ing to  the  pleasure  of  the  officiating  clergyman. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

Roger  Aschanis  Letters  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  588.).  — 
Since  I  sent  a  Query  about  Ascham's  Letters,  I 
have  met  with  one  dated  Landau,  Oct.  1,  1552,  in 
the  Hardwicke  Papers,  vol.  i.  p.  48.  It  may  per- 
haps be  well  to  add  that  the  editor  of  the  Zurich 
Letters  (Second  Ser.,  Nos.  30.  and  40.)  has  printed 
two  letters  which  had  already  (though  he  seems 
not  to  have  been  aware  of  it)  been  printed  as  the 
12th  and  13th  of  the  1st  book  of  Aschami  Epistolce, 
Oxon.  1703.  There  are  several  variations,  where 
the  new  copy  seems  to  be  more  correct  than  the 
old ;  the  last  letter  is  dated  by  Dr.  Robinson 
Oct.  21,  instead  of  Oct.  20.  J.  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

Elizabeth  Ehtob  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  200.).  — On  re- 
ference to  the  burial  register-book  of  St.  Mar- 
garet's, Westminster,  I  find  the  record  of  the  in- 
terment of  Elizabeth  Elstob  on  June  3,  1756,  a 
plain  proof  that  this  learned  and  amiable  lady  was 
above  the  petty  pride  of  being  ashamed  of  her 
"  noble  poverty."  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

Odd  Fellows.  —  In  answer  to  C.  F.  A.  W., 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  327.,  I  once  saw  in  a  bookseller's 


76 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


[No.  247. 


catalogue  (whose  I  forget)  a  work  entitled  An 
Historical  Sketch  of  Odd  Fellowship.  If  I  should 
meet  with  it  again,  I  will  acquaint  him  of  it 
through  the  medium  of  your  paper.  C.  W. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

The  interest  which  must  always  be  taken  in  the  history 
of  the  founders  of  the  North  American  civilisation,  renders 
every  fresh  contribution  to  our  knowledge  upon  that  sub- 
ject welcome  to  all  historical  students,  whether  of  the 
old  country  or  the  new.  It  is  little  wonder  then  that  the 
second  of  the  series  of  Critical  and  Historical  Tracts,  by 
the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  being  his  Collections  concerning 
the  Founders  of  New  Plymouth,  should  soon  be  out  of 
print;  or  that  the  editor,  tempted  by  the  favour  with 
which  that  brochure,  as  well  as  his  contributions  to  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  have  been  received  — 
and  the  success  which  has  attended  his  farther  researches 
in  the  same  direction,  should  be  tempted  to  give  the 
whole  to  the  world  in  a  more  complete  form.  This  he 
has  done  in  a  handsome  octavo  volume,  entitled  Collections 
concerning  the  Church  or  Congregation  of  Protestant  Sepa- 
ratists, founded  at  Scrooby,  in  North  Nottinghamshire,  in 
the  Reign  of  King  James  I. ;  the  Founders  of  New-Ply- 
mouth, the  Parent  Colony  of  New-England.  This  ample 
title-page  shows  the  object  and  general  scope  of  the  vo- 
lume, which  is  one  every  way  deserving  of  the  reputation 
of  Mr.  Hunter,  as  one  of  our  most  profound  antiquaries. 

Mr.  Bohn  perseveres  in  his  good  work  of  supplying  the 
readers  of  English  history  with  a  series  of  translations  of 
the  Monkish  Chroniclers;  and  we  have  this  month  to 
thank  him  for  the  third  and  concluding  volume  of  Mat- 
thew Paris's  English  History,  which  extends  from  the 
year  1235  to  1273.  This  volume  is  made  still  more  useful 
by  the  addition  of  a  General  Index  to  Matthew  Paris  and 
Roger  of  Wendover. 

Mr.  Tymms,  the  Honorary  Secretary  of  the  Suffolk 
Institute  of  Archaeology  and  Natural  History,  has  just 
issued  a  Handbook  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  which  will  be 
found  a  most  useful  companion  to  the  visitor  of  that  in- 
teresting locality. 

While  on  the  subject  of  topography,  we  may  also  men- 
tion with  deserved  commendation,  the  Notes  on  the  Archi- 
tecture and  History  of  Caldicot  Castle,  Monmouthshire,  by 
Octavious  Morgan,  Esq.,  and  Thomas  Wakeman,  Esq", 
which  has  just  been  issued  by  the  Caerleon  Antiquarian 
Association. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Remains  of  Pagan  Saxondom 
principally  from  Tumuli  in  England,  by  J.  T.  Akerman, 
Part  X.,  containing  fibulae  from  a  cemetery  at  Fairford, 
in  Gloucestershire,  and  fibulae  found  in  Warwickshire  and 
Leicestershire.  —  Gibbon's  Rome,  with  variorum  Notes, 
including  those  of  Guizot,  Wench,  Schreiter,  and  Hugo : 
Vol.  IV.,  being  the  new  volume  of  Bohn's  British  Classics, 
extends  from  the  invasion  of  Gaul  by  Attila,  A.D.  450,  to 
the  death  of  Justinian.  A.D.  565. — In  the  same  publisher's 
Standard  Library,  he  has  issued  a  volume  of  considerable 
political  interest,  namely,  Hungary  and  its  Revolutions, 
from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  Nineteenth  Century,  with  a 
Memoir  of  Louis  Kossuth. — Messrs.  L'ongman,  with  a  view 
of  rendering  their  Traveller's  Library  a  collection  of  works 
of  immediate  interest,  as  well  as  of  agreeable  reading  and 
permanent  utilitv,  have  lately  inserted  in  it  several 
bearing  on  the  Russian  and  Turkish  question,  and  the 
Part  just  issued  is  one  of  these,  and  not  the  least  valuable, 
being  Russia  and  Turkey,  by  J.  R.  M'Culloch,  Esq.,  re- 
printed with  Corrections  from  the  Geographical  Dictionary. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

H.  CORNELII  AORIPP.JB  OPERA.    Lyons",  1531.    Tom.  H. 

54th,    57th,    and     following     Numbers    of    the    CAMDEN     SOCIETY'S 

PUBLICATIONS. 
The  10th  and  following  Vols.  of  the  ROYAL  AGRICULTURAL  SOCIETY 

OF  GREAT  BRITAIN'S  PUBLICATIONS. 
JUVENAL  AND  PERSIUS.    Valla.    Venice.    Folio. 

Robert  Stephens.    Paris,  1544. 

Falmanor.    Antwerp,  1565. 

Pitholus.    Paris,  1585. 

Autumnus.    Paris,  1607. 

Stephens.    Paris,  1616. 

Achaintree.    Paris,  1810. 

English.   Dryden. 

French.    Dusaula.    Paris,  1796, 1803. 

: Animadversiones  Observationes  Philologies  in 

Sat.  Juvenalis  duas  Priores.    Beck. 
— — — — — — ^^—   Spicilegium     Animadversionum.     Schurzflei- 

schius. 
Jacob's  Emendationes. 

Heinecke.    Halas,  1804. 

Manso.    1814. 

Barthius  Adversaria. 


SKRVJCI  ON  VIRGIL. 
HAZLITT'S  SPIRIT  OF  THE  AGE. 

**»  Letters,  statin?  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free,  to  be 
sent  to  MR.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "NOTES  AND  QUERIES," 
186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &e.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent  direct  to 
the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose : 

STEEVBNS'  TWENTY  PLAYS  OF  SHAKSPEARE.     1766.    Vol.  HL 
Wanted  by  S.  Alexander,  207.  Hoxtou. 


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NOTICE  OF  THE  CHURCH,  especially  an  edition  prior  to  1700. 
Wanted  by  Rev.  W.  Fraser,  TJttoxeter. 


LONDON  LABOUR  AND  THE  LONDON  POOR,  a  complete  set. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  L.  Edmonds,  22.  King  Street,  Soho. 

THE  BROUNIAD.    Kearsley,  1790. 
STUKELEY'S  CAHAUSIUS.    Vol.  H. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Josh.  Phittips,  Jun,,  Stamford. 


A  PICTURE  OF  THE  SEASONS.    12mo.    1812-15. 

Wanted  by  B.  Hitchcock,  Esq.,  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 


Five  or  Six  Copies  of  HISTORY  OF  HYDER  ALI  KHAN  BAHADUR,  or 
Memoirs  concerning  the  East  Indies,  with  Historical  Notes,  by 
M.  M.  D.  L.  T.  8vo.  Johnson,  1784. 

Wanted  by  Acton  Griffith,  Bookseller,  8.  Baker  Street. 


to 

D.  M.  is  referred  to  "  N.  &  Q."  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  550. 631.  j  Vol.  viii.,  pp. 
64. 161.  232.  422.  575.)/or  information  as  to  Hue.  word  "  HUMBUG." 

LOOOPOIOS  will  find  the  ballad  of  "  King  Cophetua  and  the  Beggar 
Maid  "  in  Percy's  Reliques,  vol.  i.  ft  {sprinted from  Richard  Johmoris 
Crown  Garland  of  Golden  Roses. 

W.  W.  (Malta.)  Received.  Thanks.  The  letter  shall  be  communi- 
cated. The  suggestion  as  to  the  Replies  is  a  very  excellent  one. 

J.  S.  TFt77  our  correspondent  amplify  hi*  Query  respecting  Washing- 
ton's birthplace,  and  it  shall  appear  next  week! 

F.  Ilobler.  Our  correspondent  will  find  some  particulars  of  the 
melancholy  fate  of  Dr.  LeicMiaidt  in  the  Athenaeum  of  1853,  p.  738. :  sec 
also  the  volume  for  1848,  pp.  262. 1267. ;  for  1849,  p.  94. 

F.  E.  C.  (Lismore.1    Shall  receive  an  anstoer. 

Merlin.  Anthony  Monday's  Play  of  The  Downfall  of  Robert,  Earl  of 
Huntingdon,  published  in  Mr.  Collier's  supplement  to  Dorlsley,  and 
Maid  Sfarian,  the  once  popular  opera,  are  both  founded  on  the  story  of 
Robin  Hood. 

ERRATUM.    Vol.  x ,  p.  53.,  for  "  bolbull,"  read  "  bol "  =  butt. 

OCJR  NINTH  VOLDME,  with  very  copious  Index,  price  10s.  6d.  cloth 
boards,  is  now  ready, 

A  few  complete  sets  of"  NOTES  AND  QUERIEI,"  Vols.  i.  to  ix.,  price  four 
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JULY  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Now  ready,  price  25s.,  Second  Edition,  revised 
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PSALMS  AND  HYMNS  FOR 

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Music  arranged  for  Four  Voices,  but  applicable 
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London  :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 
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ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,'1  Sic. 

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J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


ARCH210I.OGZCB.il  WORKS 


JOHN  YONGE  AKERMAN, 

FELLOW  AND  SECRETARY  OF  THE 
SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  LON- 
DON. 


AN  ARCHAEOLOGICAL 

INDEX  to  Remains  of  Antiquity  of  the  Celtic, 
Romano-British,  and  Anglo-^axon  Periods. 
1  vol.  8vo.,  price  15s.  cloth,  illustrated  by  nu- 
merous Engravings,  comprising  upwards  of 
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.  A  NUMISMATIC  MANUAL. 

1  vol.  8vo.,  price  One  Guinea. 

***  The  Plates  which  illustrate  this  Vo- 
lume are  upon  a  novel  plan,  and  will,  at  a 
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than  can  be  obtained  by  many  hours'  careful 
reading.  Instead  of  a  f'ac-simile  Engraving 
being  given  of  that  which  is  already  an  enigma 
to  the  tyro,  the  most  striking  and  characteristic 
features  of  the  Coin  are  dissected  and  placed  by 
themselves,  so  that  the  eye  soon  becomes  fa- 
miliar with  them. 

A     DESCRIPTIVE     CATA- 

LOGUE  of  Rare  and  Unedited  Roman  Coins, 
from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  taking  of  Rome 
under  Constantine  Paleologos.  2  vols.  8vo., 
numerous  Plates,  30s. 

COINS  OF    THE   ROMANS 

relating  to  Britain.  1  vol.Svo.  Second  Edition, 
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ANCIENT  COINS  of  CITIES 

and  Princes,  Geographically  arranged  and  de- 
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NEW  TESTAMENT,  Numis- 

matic  Illustrations  of  the  Narrative  Portions 
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vate Collections.  1  yol.  8vo.,  price  5s.  6e/. 

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CONTENTS:  — Section  1.  Origin  of  Coinage- 
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Greek  Imperial  Coins.  4.  Origin  of  Roman 
Coinage— Consular  Coins.  5.  Koman  Imperial 
Coins.  6.  Roman  British  Coins.  7.  Ancient 
British  Coinage.  8.  Anglo-Saxon  Coinage. 
9.  English  Coinage  from  the  Conquest.  10. 
Scotch  Coinage.  H.  Coinage  of  Ireland.  12. 
Anglo-Gallic  Coins.  13.  Continental  Money 
in  the  Middle  Ages.  14.  Various  Representa- 
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TRADESMEN'S       TOKENS, 

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RIVTNGTONS,  Waterloo  Place,  F»U  Hall. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  247. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
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Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\_J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
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The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 

Plates. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
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every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
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PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

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TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 
ID DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
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which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
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Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


pHUBB'S  LOCKS,  with  all  the 

\J  recent  improvements.  Strong  fire-proof 
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CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
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PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

JL  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
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WESTERN  LIFE  ASSIT- 

V  ¥    RANCE  AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

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J.  A.Lethbridge.Esq.. 

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J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


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VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
ic.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCIILEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 

4LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 
ALE.  -  MESSRS.    S.    ALLSOPP    & 
TS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now   registering   Orders   for   the    March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE   ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  ,at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;    and    at   the   under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments  : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 

LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 

MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 

DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 

GLASGOW,  at  1 15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 

DUBLIN,  at  1.  Cramp  ton  Quay. 
,     BIRMINGH  AM,  at  Market  Hall. 

SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  mav 
be  procured  in 'DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


POSS  &  SONS'    INSTANTA- 

I\j  NEOUS  HAIR  DYE,  without  Smell. 
the  best  and  cheapest  extant.  _  ROSS  &  SONS 
have  several  private  apartments  devoted  en- 
tirely to  Dyeing  the  Hair,  and  particularly  re- 
quest a  visit,  especially  from  the  incredulous, 
as  they  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  of  their 
hair,  without  charging,  of  any  colour  required, 
from  the  lightest  brown  to  the  darkest  black, 
to  convince  them  of  its  effect. 

Sold  in  cases  at  3s.  Get.,  5s.  6d.,  10«.,  15s.,  and 
20s.  each  case.  Likewise  wholesale  to  the 
Trade  by  the  pint,  quart,  or  gallon. 

Address,  ROSS  &   SONS,   119.  and  120.  Bi- 

shopsgate  Street,  Six  Doors  from  Cornhill, 
London. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 


Articles  supe- 


THE  HAIR  RESTORED  AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 

BEETHAM'S  CAPILLARY  FLUID  is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  6rf.  ;  double  size,  4s.  6d.  ;  7s.  6d. 
equal  to  4  small;  lls.  to  6  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  Gd.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street  : 
JACKSON.  9.  Westland  Row  ;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  109. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork:  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street  ;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street  ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street  :  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
1  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION, No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  m  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers, 2l.,3l., and 41.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefleld  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No..5.  New  Street  Square,  m  tbj 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GEOROE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  m  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstau  in  the  \V 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid —  Saturday,  July  22.  1854. 


Parish  of 
tbe  West,  in  me 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOB 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 


"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  248.] 


SATURDAY,  JULY  29.  1854. 


?  Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 


Page 


N  OIKS  :  — 

Original  Letters  of  Major  Andri?  :  Anec- 
dotes concerning  him,  &c.,  by  Thomp- 
son Westcott,  &c.          -          -          -77 
Notes  on  Manners,  Costume  ,  &C.  -     81 

"  Ye  sexes  give  ear,"  &c.  -          -         -     82 
Franklin's  Parable  -  -  -     82 

Family  of  Lestrange,  by  the  Rev.  W. 
Dentou  -----  83 

MINOR  NOTES:  —  Curious  Epitaph  — 
"Paunch"  or  "Punch,"  when  first 
known  in  Eneland  —  Monumental 
Inscription  —  Bishop  Sprat  —  A  New- 
England  Dialogue  -  -  8-4 

•QUERIES  :  — 

"Washington's  Birthplace  -          -      85 

\Vas  Shakspeare  a  Roman  Catholia  ?    -      85 

MINOR  QUERIES:—  Marrow-bones  and 
Cleavers  —  William  de  Northie  — 
Editor  of  Hobbcs'  Works  _  English 
Bishops'  Mitres—  Notaries  _  Bloody 
Thursday  —  Cayntou  House,  near 
Shiffnall  —  Can  a  Man  speak  after  lie 
5s  dead  ?—  Rev.  Lewis  Lewis—  Iris  arid 
Lily—  Daughter  of  O'Melachlin,  Kins 
of  Meath—  "  A  dog  with  a  bad  Name" 
Norfolk  Superstition  -  -  -  87 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Trail-baton—  Saying  of  Voltaire—  The 
Everlasting  Society  of  Eccentrics, 
1803  —  Life  of  Vandyke  —  Early  Ger- 
man History  of  Painters—  Crivelli  the 
Painter—  Life  of  Mendelssohn  -  88 

.REPLIES  :  — 

Ebullition  of  Feeling        -          -          -     89 
King  James's  Irish  Army  List,  1089,  by 

John  D'  Alton      -          -          -  -      90 

Warburton's  Edition  of  Pope      -          -      90 
May-day  Custom,  by  Cuthbert   Bede, 

B.A.  .....      91 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :—  Tiir- 
pentino-wax  Paper  Process,  by  M. 
Lespiault  -  -  -  -  -  92 

HF.PLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Pre- 
Raffaelism  —Mother  of  forty  Children 
—  "Book  of  Almanacs  "—"Forgive, 
blest  shade"—  Latin  Versions  of  Gray' 
Elegy  —  Russian  Emperors  —  Napo- 


MISCELLANEOUS  :— 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.          -  -  -      9fi 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X.— No.  248. 


Mult;e  terricolis  lingujc,  ccclestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
AND   SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
Free  by  Post.  It  contains  Lists  of 
Quarto  Family  Bibles  ;  Ancient 
English  Translations  ;  Manuscript- 
notes  Bibles  ;  Polyglot  Bibles  in  every  variety 
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rallel-passages Bibles ;  Greek  Critical  and 
other  Testaments  ;  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  and  many 
other  Languages,  in  great  variety  ;  Aids  to  the 
Study  of  the  Old  Testament  and  of  the  New 
Testament ;  and  Miscellaneous  Biblical  and 
other  Works.  By  Post  Free. 

London  :  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS, 
15.  Paternoster  Row. 


THE  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 
No.  CLXXXIX.,  is  published  this  Day. 

I.  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS. 
II.  MILMAN'S   HISTORY   OF  LATIN 

CHRISTIANITY. 
IIT.  THE  DRAMA. 
IV.  CLASSICAL  DICTIONARIES. 

V.  THE  ELECTRIC  TELEGRAPH. 
VI.  MELANESIAN   AND    NEW    ZEA- 
LAND MISSIONS. 
VII.  QUEKN    ELIZABETH   AND   HER 

FAVOURITES. 

VHI.  LORD    LYNDHURST    AND     THE 
WAR. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


Now  ready,  No.  VII.  (for  May),  price  2s.  6d., 
published  Quarterly. 

T)ETROSPECTIVE    REVIEW 

JLlj  (New  Series) ;  consisting  of  Criticisms 
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Useful,  Valuable. and  Scarce  Old  Books. 

Vol.  I.,  8vo.,  pp.  436.,  cloth  10s.  6d.,  is  also 
ready. 

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London. 

BISHOP  SELWYN'S  OWN  ACCOUNT  OF 
HIS  MISSIONS. 

The  JULY  Number  of  the 

COLONIAL  CHURCH  CHRO- 

*J  NICLE  AND  MISSIONARY  JOUR- 
NAL (being  the  First  Number  of  Vol.  VIII.), 
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Zealand  of  his  Melanesian  Mission. 

PART  I. 

The  Christianfl  of  St.  Thomas  in  Malabar  ; 
the  Bishop  of  Quebec  on  Colonial  Bishop's 
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a  Colonial  Bishop's  Work  :  Report  of  the 
Monthly  Meeting  of  the  S.  P.  G.  ,•  the  Ann. 
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T7NNEMOSER'S  HISTORY  OF 

Iv  MAGIC,  translated  from  the  German  by 
WILLIAM  HOWITT.  With  an  Appendix 
of  the  most  remarkable  and  best  authenticated 
Stories  of  Apparitions,  .Dreams,  Second  Sight, 
Somnambulism,  Predictions,  Divination, 
Witchcraft,  Vampires,  Fairies,  Table-turning, 
and  Spirit-rapping.  Selected  by  MARY 
HOWITT.  In  Two  Volumes.  Vol.  II.  Post 
8vo.  cloth.  5s. 

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1\     THE  JKSUITS  :  their  Origin,  Progress, 

Doctrines,  and  Designs.    With  line  portraits  of 

Loyola,  Lainvz,   Xavier,   Borgin,  Acquaviva, 

Pere  la  Chaise,  Ricci,  and  Pope  Ganganelli. 

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THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 
RILLES,     composed    for    the    PIANO 
FORTE  by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 
London  :   Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSDALE.  s«.  Old  Bond 
Street  \  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 

PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248, 


TTTESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 

T  T    RANGE  AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

a.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 

Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 

H.  E.  Bicknell,  Esq.  T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq.  J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

M.P.  J.  A.  Lethbndge.Esq. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq.  E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

W.  Evans,  Esq.  J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

W.  Freeman,  Esq.  J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

F.  Fuller,  Esq.  J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

Trustees. 
TV.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Bn sham,  M.D. 
Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddnlph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 
POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100?.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits : 

Af- 
22  - 


£  s.  d. 

-  1  14    4 

-  1  18    8 
-245 


Age 
32  - 
37  - 
42- 


£  i.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 
-382 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.8., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10».  6<?.,  Second  Edition, 
•with  material  additions.  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
I^and  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
Ac.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 

MUTUAL  LIFE  ASSURANCE. 

qpHE  SCOTTISH  PROVIDENT 

L  INSTITUTION  combines  the  advantage 
of  Participation  in  the  whole  Profits  with  mo- 
derate Premiums. 

The  premiums  are  as  low  as  those  of  the  non- 
participating  scale  of  the  proprietary  compa- 
nies. They  admit  of  being  so  not  only  with 
safety,  but  with  ample  reversion  of  profits  to 
the  policy-holders,  being  free  from  the  burden 
of  payment  of  dividend  to  shareholders. 

At  the  first  division  of  surplus  in  the  present 
7ear,  bonus  additions  were  mode  to  policies 
which  had  come  within  the  participating  class, 
Tarying  from  20  to  54  per  cent,  on  their  amount. 

In  all  points  of  practice  —  as  in  the  provision 
for  the  indefeasibility  of  policies,  facility  of  li- 
cence for  travelling  or  residence  abroad  and  of 
obtaining  advances  on  the  value  of  the  policies 
—  the  regulations  of  the  Society,  as  well  as  the 
administration,  are  as  liberal  as  is  consistent 
with  right  principle. 

Policies  are  now  issued  free  of  stamp  duty. 

Copies  of  the  last  annual  report,  containing 
full  explanations  of  the  principles,  may  be  had 
on  application  to  the  Head  Office  in  Edin- 
burgh ;  of  the  Society's  Provincial  Agents  ;  or 
of  the  Resident  Secretary,  London  Branch. 
JAMES  WATSON.  Manager. 
GEORGE  GRANT,  Resident  Secretary. 

London  Branch,  66.  Gracechurch  Street. 

Residents  in  any  part  of  the  Country  can 
readily  assure  in  this  Society,  without  fines  for 
non-appearance,  or  any  extra  charge  what- 
ever. 

/>HUBB'S      FIRE-PROOF 

\_/  SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  —  These  safes  are 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire. 
Chubb's  locks,  with  all  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com- 
plete lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street, Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton . 


VYLO-IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

J\.  toeraphic  Establishments.  — The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION. —  Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W- 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature- 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS.  CHEMIST,  10.  PALI,  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals:  and  maybe  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  Is.,  2s.,- 
and  3s.  6d.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdon  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che-   j 
micals,  &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.  — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J    AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest   j 
ease    and    certainty    by   using    BLAND    & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
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NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street :  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 

A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

J\  ALE.  -  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments  : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 

LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 

MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 

DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 

GLASGOW,  at  1 15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 

DUBLIN,  at  1 .  Crampton  Quay. 

BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 

SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertnined  by  its  having  "ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  29,  1854. 


ORIGINAL   LETTERS   OF   MAJOR  ANDRE  :   ANECDOTES 
CONCERNING  HIM,   ETC. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  174.  277.  399.  604.  643. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.lll.) 

Permit  me  to  add  something  to  the  stock  which 
your  correspondent  SERVIENS  has  collected  to- 
wards his  biography  of  the  unfortunate  Major 
Andre.  A  friend  lately  procured  for  me  an  in- 
spection of  four  original  letters  of  Major  Andre, 
written  in  1776  whilst  he  was  a  prisoner  at  Car- 
lisle, Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania.  They 
are  in  the  possession  of  Herman  Cope,  Esq., 
of  this  city  (Philadelphia),  to  whose  grandfather 
they  were  written.  It  seems  that  after  Andre 
was  captured  by  General  Montgomery  at  Cham- 
plain,  he  was  sent  as  a  prisoner  to  Lancaster 
in  Pennsylvania.  Whilst  there  he  contracted  a 
friendship  with  Caleb  Cope,  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  and  in  consequence  of  his 
professions  a  non-combatant  in  the  war.  John 
Cope,  a  son  of  this  gentleman,  seems  to  have 
had  a  talent  for  drawing,  and  Andre  gladly  as- 
sisted and  instructed  him.  After  Andre  was  re- 
moved to  Carlisle,  the  correspondence  was  in 
reference  to  this  boy  and  his  studies.  The  letters 
show  a  kind  interest  in  the  young  artist ;  and  the 
reference  in  the  first  letter  to  his  endeavours  to 
procure  a  boarding-house  for  him  which  would  keep 
him  away  from  the  officers'  mess,  shows  a  regard 
for  his  morals  and  the  religious  feelings  of  his 
father.  The  request  in  the  fourth  letter  that  the 
boy  would  commit  the  name  arid  friendship  of 
Andre  for  him  to  his  memory,  has,  in  reference  to 
the  subsequent  fate  of  the  writer,  a  touching  in- 
terest. Without  farther  remark  I  send  verbatim 
copies  of  the  letters  referred  to,  in  which  I  have 
strictly  followed  spelling  and  punctuation. 


Sir, 


LETTER  I. 


You  wou'd  have  heard  from  me  ere  this  Time 
had  I  not  wish'd  to  be  able  to  give  you  some  en- 
couragement to  send  my  young  Friend  John  to 
Carlisle.  My  desire  was  to  find  a  Lodging  where 
I  cou'd  have  him  with  me,  and  some  quiet  honest 
family  of  Friends  or  others  where  he  might  have 
boarded,  as  it  wou'd  not  have  been  so  proper  for 
him  to  live  with  a  Mess  of  Officers.  I  have  been 
able  to  find  neither  and  am  myself  still  in  a 
Tavern.  The  people  here  are  no  more  willing  to 
harbour  us,  than  those  of  Lancaster  were  at  our 
first  coming  there.  If  however  you  can  resolve 
to  let  him  come  here,  I  believe  Mr.  Despard  and 
I  can  make  him  up  a  bed  in  a  Lodging  we  have  in 


view,  where  there  will  be  room  enough.  He  will 
be  the  greatest  part  of  the  day  with  us  em- 
ploy'd  in  the  few  things  I  am  able  to  instruct  him 
in.  In  the  meanwhile  I  may  get  better  ac- 
quainted with  the  Town  and  provide  for  his 
board.  With  regard  to  Expence  this  is  to  be  at- 
tended with  none  to  you.  A  little  assiduity  and 
friendship  is  all  I  ask  in  my  young  friend  in 
return  for  my  good  will  to  be  of  service  to  him  in 
a  way  of  improving  the  Talents  Nature  hath  given 
him.  I  shall  give  all  my  attention  to  his  morals 
j  and  as  I  believe  him  well  dispos'd  I  trust  he  will 
acquire  no  bad  habits  here. 

Mr.  Despard  joins  with  me  in  compliments  to 
yourself,  Mrs.  Cope  and  family. 
I  am  Sir 

Your  most  humble  servant, 

JOHN  ANDRE. 

Carlisle,  the  3rd  April,  1776. 
I       Superscription,  "Mr.  Caleb  Cope,  Lancaster." 

LETTER  IL 
Dear  Sir, 

I  am  much  oblig'd  to  you  for  your  kind  Letter 
and  to  your  son  for  his  drawings.     He  is  greatly 

!  improv'd  since  I  left  Lancaster,  and  I  do  not 

!  doubt  but  if  he  continues  his  application  he  will 
make  a  very  great  progress.  I  cannot  regret  that 
you  did  not  send  your  son  hither :  We  have  been 
submitted  to  alarms  and  jealousys  which  wou'd 
have  render'd  his  stay  here  very  disagreeable  to 
him  and  I  wou'd  not  willingly  see  any  person 
suffer  on  our  account ;  with  regard  to  your  ap- 
prehensions in  consequence  of  the  escape  of  the 

i  Lebanon  gentlemen,  they  were  groundless,  as  we 
have  been  on  parole  ever  since  our  arrival  at  this 
place  which  I  can  assure  you  they  were  not.  I 
shou'd  more  than  once  have  written  to  you  had 
opportunitys  presented  themselves,  but  the  post 
and  we  seem  to  have  fallen  out,  for  we  can  never 
by  that  channel  either  receive  or  forward  a  line 
on  the  most  indifferent  subjects.  Mr.  Despard  is 
very  well  and  desires  to  be  remembered  to  yourself 
and  family.  I  beg  you  wou'd  give  my  most 
friendly  compliments  to  your  Family  and  particu- 
larly to  your  son  my  disciple,  to  whom  I  hope  the 

i  future  posture  of  affairs  will  give  me  an  oppor- 

i  tunity  of  pointing  out  the  way  to  proficiency  in 

!  his  favorite  study,  which  may  tend  so  much  to  his 
pleasure  and  advantage.  Let  him  go  on  copying 
whatever  good  models  he  can  meet  with  and  never 

;  suffer  himself  to  neglect  the  proportions  and  never 
to  think  of  finishing  his  work,  or  imitating  the 

!  fine  flowing  lines  of  his  copy,  till  every  limb, 
feature,  house,  tree  or  whatever  he  is  drawing,  is 
in  its  proper  place.  With  a  little  practice  this 

j  will  be  so  natural  to  him,  that  his  Eye  will  at  first 
sight  guide  his  pencil  in  the  exact  distribution  of 
every  part  of  the  work.  I  wish  I  may  soon  see 

I  you  in  our  way  to  our  own  friends  with  which  I 


78 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


hope  by  Exchange  we   may  be   at   length    re- 
united. 

I  am 

Dear  Sir 

Your  most  obedient 

humble  servant 

J.  ANDRE. 
Carlisle,  the  3d  Sept.  1776. 

LETTER  III. " 

Your  Letter  by  Mr.  Barrington  is  just  come  to 
hand.  I  am  sorry  you  shou'd  imagine  my  being 
absent  from  Lancaster,  or  our  troubles,  could 
make  me  forget  my  friends.  Of  the  several 
letters  you  mention  having  written  to  me  only 
one  of  late  has  reach'd  Carlisle,  viz.  that  by  Mr. 
Slough.  To  one  I  received  from  you  a  week  or 
two  after  leaving  Lancaster  I  returned  an  answer. 
I  own  the  difficulties  of  our  Correspondence  had 
disgusted  me  from  attempting  to  write. 

I  once  more  commend  myself  to  your  good 
family  and  am  sincerely 

Yrs,  &c. 

J.  A. 

I  hope  your  son's  indisposition  will  be  of  no 
consequence. 

Superscribed  "  Mr.  Cope,  Lancaster." 

LETTER  IV. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  just  time  to  acquaint  you  that  I  re- 
ceiv'd  your  letter  by  Mrs.  Callender  with  my 
young  friend's  drawings,  which  persuade  me  he  is 
much  improv'd,  and  that  he  has  not  been  idle. 
He  must  take  particular  care  in  forming  the  fea- 
tures in  faces,  and  in  copying  hands  exactly.  He 
shou'd  now  and  then  copy  things  from  the  life  and 
then  compare  the  proportions  with  what  points  he 
may  have  ;  or  what  rules  he  may  have  reinem- 
ber'd.  With  respect  to  his  shading  with  Indian 
Ink,  the  anatomical  figure  is  tolerably  well  done, 
but  he  wou'd  find  his  work  smoother  and  softer, 
were  he  to  lay  the  shades  on  more  gradually,  not 
blackening  the  darkest  at  once  but  by  washing 
them  over  repeatedly,  and  never  till  the  paper  is 
quite  dry.  The  figure  is  very  well  drawn. 

Capt.  Campbell  who  is  the  bearer  of  this  Letter 
will  probably  when  at  Lancaster  be  able  to  judge 
what  likelyhood  there  is  of  an  Exchange  of  pri- 
soners which  we  are  told  is  to  take  place  imme- 
diately ;  if  this  shou'd  be  without  foundation,  I 
shou'd  be  very  glad  to  see  your  son  here.  Of  this 
you  may  speak  with  Capt.  Campbell,  and  if  you 
shou'd  determine  upon  it,  let  me  know  it  a  few 
days  beforehand  when  I  shall  take  care  to  settle 
matters  for  his  reception. 
I  am  Dear  Sir 

Your  most  humble  servt. 

J.  ANDRE. 

Carlisle,  the  llth  Oct.  1776. 


My  best  compliments   if  you  please  to  your 
family  and  particularly  to  John.     Mr.  Despard 
begs  to  be  remember'd  to  you. 
Superscription,  "  To  Mr.  Caleb  Cope,  Lancaster." 

LETTER  V. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  cannot  miss  the  opportunity  I  have  of  writing 
to  you  by  Mr.  Slough  to  take  leave  of  yourself 
and  Family,  and  transmit  to  you  my  sincere 
wishes  for  your  welfare.  We  are  on  our  road,  as 
we  believe  to  be  exchang'd,  and  however  happy 
this  prospect  may  make  me ;  It  doth  not  render 
me  less  warm  in  the  fate  of  those  persons  in  this 
country  for  whom  I  had  conceived  a  regard  ;  I 
trust  on  your  side  you  will  do  me  the  Justice  to 
remember  me  with  some  good  will,  and  that  you 
will  be  persuaded  I  shall  be  happy  if  occasion  shall 
offer  of  my  giving  your  son  some  further  hints 
in  the  Art  for  which  he  has  so  happy  a  turn. 
Desire  him  if  you  please  to  commit  my  name  and 
my  friendship  for  him  to  his  memory,  and  assure 
him  from  me,  that  if  he  only  brings  diligence  to 
her  assistance,  Nature  has  open'd  him  a  path  to 
fortune  and  reputation,  and  that  he  may  in  a  few 
years  hope  to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  his  labor.  Perhaps 
the  face  of  affairs  may  so  far  change  that  he  may 
once  more  be  within  my  reach,  when  It  will  be  a 
very  great  pleasure  to  me  to  give  him  what  as- 
sistance I  can.  My  best  compliments  as  well  as 
Mr.  Despard's  to  Mrs.  Cope  and  the  rest  of  your 
family.  I  am  truly 
Dear  Sir 

Your  most  obedt. 

humb'  servant, 

J.  ANDRE. 

Reading,  the  2nd  Dec.  1776. 
Superscription,  "  Mr.  Caleb  Cope,  Lancaster." 

From  a  pamphlet  lately  published  at  Carlisle, 
containing  the  borough  ordinances,  with  a  history 
of  the  place,  I  make  the  following  extract,  which 
relates  to  Andre  whilst  a  prisoner  there. 

"  During  the  war  Carlisle  was  made  a  place  of  rendez- 
vous for  the  American  troops ;  and  in  consequence  of  being 
located  at  a  distance  from  the  theatre  of  war,  British 
prisoners  were  frequently  sent  hither  for  secure  confine- 
ment. Of  these  Major  Andre  and  Lieutenant  Despard, 
who  had  been  taken  by  Montgomery  near  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  Avhile  here  in  1776,  occupied  the  stone  house  at  the 
corner  of  South  Hanover  Street  and  Locust  Alley,  and 
were  on  a  parole  of  honour  of  six  miles,  but  were  prohi- 
bited from  going  out  of  the  town  except  in  military  dress. 
Mrs.  Ramsey,  an  unflinching  Whig,  detected  two  Tories  in 
conversation  with  these  officers,  and  immediately  made 
known  the  circumstances  to  William  Brown,  Esq.,  one  of 
the  county  committee.  The  Tories  were  imprisoned. 
Upon  their  persons  were  discovered  letters  written  in 
French,  but  no  one  could  be  found  to  interpret  them,  and 
their  contents  were  never  known.  After  this  Andre  and 
Despard  were  not  allowed  to  leave  the  town.  They  had 
fowling-pieces  of  superior  workmanship,  but  now  being 
unable'to  use  them,  they  broke  them  to  pieces,  declaring 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


79 


'  that  no  d — d  rebel  should  ever  burn  powder  in  them.' 
During  their  confinement  one  Thompson  enlisted  a  com- 
pany of  militia  in  what  is  now  Perry  County,  and  marched 
them  to  Carlisle.  Eager  to  make  a  display  of  (his  own 
bravery  and  that  of  his  recruits,  he  drew  up  his  soldiers 
at  night  in  front  of  the  house  of  Andre"  and  his  companion, 
and  swore  lustily  he  would  have  their  lives,  because,  as  he 
alleged,  the  Americans  who  were  prisoners  in  the  hands 
of  the  British  were  dying  by  starvation.  Through  the 
importunities,  however,  of  Mrs.  Ramsey,  Captain  Thomp- 
son, who  had  formerly  been  an  apprentice  to  her  hus- 
band, was  made  to  desist ;  and  as  he  countermarched  in 
company,  with  a  menacing  nod  of  the  head,  he  bellowed 
to  the  objects  of  his  wrath,  '  You  may  thank  my  old 
mistress  for  your  lives.'  They  were  afterwards  removed 
to  York,  but  before  their  departure  sent  to  Mrs.  Ramsey  a 
box  of  spermaceti  candles,  with  a  note  requesting  her  ac- 
ceptance of  the  donation  as  an  acknowledgment  of  her 
many  acts  of  kindness.  The  present  was  declined,  Mrs. 
Ramsey  averring  that  she  was  too  staunch  a  Whig  to 
accept  a  gratuity  from  a  British  officer.  Despard  was 
executed  at  London  in  1803  for  high  treason.  With  the 
fate  of  the  unfortunate  Andre  every  one  is  familiar." 

Thomas  Balch,  Esq.,  of  this  city  informed  me 
some  time  since  that  there  was  a  letter  in  pos- 
session of  his  family,  which  was  written  by  a 
member  of  it  who  had  seen  Andre  whilst  he  was 
a  prisoner  of  war  at  Carlisle.  It  was  written 
after  the  death  of  Andre,  and  gave  the  recol- 
lections of  the  writer  in  reference  to  him.  Mr. 
Balch  promised  to  endeavour  to  obtain  it  for  me, 
but  upon  inquiry  it  could  not  be  found.  The 
following  statement  of  the  contents  from  memory 
is  given  by  L.  P.  W.  Balch,  Esq.,  of  Richmond, 
Virginia : 

"  All  I  recollect  is  that  he  (the  writer,  a  near  relative) 
saw  Andre  when  a  prisoner  at  Carlisle;  that  he  was  a 
very  handsome  young  man,  who  confined  himself  to  his 
own  room,  reading  constantly ;  that  he  used  to  sit  and 
read  with  his  feet  on  the  wainscot  of  the  window,  where 
two  beautiful  pointer  dogs  laid  their  heads  on  his  feet, 
and  that  when  (he,  the  writer)  afterwards  heard  of 
Andre's  capture,  he  was  surprised  that  he  had  not  suffered 
the  captors  to  shoot  him  on  the  spot." 

In  the  year  1847  Jno.  Jay  Smith  and  John  F. 
Watson,  of  this  city,  published  a  volume  entitled 
American  Historical  and  Literary  Curiosities,  It 
contains  copies  of  autograph  letters  taken  by  the 
anastatic  process,  and  other  curious  affairs. 
Among  the  contents  of  this  volume  will  be  found 
copies  of  profiles  cut  by  Major  Andre  for  Miss 
Rebecca  Redman.  They  are  likenesses  of  Cap- 
tain Cathcart,  afterwards  Earl  Cathcart,  cut  in 
1778  ;  of  Sir  John  Wrottesley,  Bart.,  dated  1780 ; 
of  Phineas  Bond,  afterwards  British  Consul  at 
Philadelphia ;  of  Captain  Battwell,  and  of  Major 
Andre  himself.  The  same  work  has  a  fac-simile 
full  size  of  the  ticket  for  the  mischianza  designed 
by  Andre,  and  of  the  portrait  of  a  lady  by  the 
8ame_  artist.  These  are  transfers  of  the  original 
drawings,  reduced  copies  of  which  are  given  in 
Lossing's  Field  Book  of  the  Revolution.  The 
same  work  has  a  copy  of  a  piece  of  poetry  written 


by  Andre,  taken  anastatically  from  the  manu- 
script. I  copy  the  lines  : 

"  A  GERMAN  AIE. 

Return  enraptur'd  Hours 

When  Delia's  heart  was  mine, 

When  she  with  Wreaths  of  Flowers, 
My  Temples  wou'd  entwine. 

When  Jealousy  nor  Care, 

Corroded  in  my  Breast  — 
But  Visions  light  as  Air 

Presided  o'er  my  Rest. 

Now  nightly  round  my  Bed, 

No  Airy  Visions  play, 
No  Flowerets  crown  my  Head, 

Each  Vernal  Holyday. 

For  far  from  those  sad  Plains 

My  Lovely  Delia  flies, 
And  rack'd  with  Jealous  Pains, 

Her  wretched  Lover  dies. 

German  Air ;  words  compos'd  by  Major  Andre'  at 
the  request  of  Miss  Becky  Redman,  Jan.  2, 1777." 

The  original  is  in  the  possession  of  Henry  Pen- 
nington  of  this  city.  The  same  work  has  the  ac- 
count of  the  mischianza  "  from  an  officer,"  sent  to 
the  Ladies1  Magazine,  and  which,  it  is  now  gene- 
rally believed,  was  written  by  Andre,  who  was  a 
distinguished  actor  in  the  pageant. 

From  the  Philadelphia  Stage  from  1749  to 
1821,  by  Charles  Durang,  a  historical  work  now 
in  progress  of  publication  here  in  a  newspaper,  I 
extract  the  following,  which  gives  the  most  com- 
plete account  of  Andre's  efforts  as  a  scene  painter, 
whilst  the  British  were  in  possession  of  Phila- 
delphia in  1777-8,  that  I  have  seen  : 

"  A  garrison  hemmed  in  by  an  active  enemy  in  a  long 
winter,  go  through  rather  a  dull  routine  of  life's  scenes  of 
enjoyment.  To  the  dashing  young  officer  of  European 
education,  our  city  of  right  angles  and  uniformity  offered, 
at  that  early  period  in  the  way  of  novelty  meagre  enter- 
tainment. Accordingly  those  gay  young  chevaliers  re- 
solved themselves  into  a  corps  dramatique :  there  were 
several  artists  among  them.  The  lamented  Major  Andre' 
was  very  talented  in  drawing  and  painting.  On  the  eve 
of  his  execution  he  sketched  a  very  accurate  likeness  of 
himself,  which  is  extant.  Captain  Delancy  was  also  a 
very  excellent  artist.  They  added  some  very  useful  and 
beautiful  scenes  to  the  old  stock;  one  scene  from  the 
brush  of  Andre'  deserves  a  record.  It  was  a  landscape 
presenting  a  distant  champagne  country,  and  winding 
rivulet,  extending  from  the  front  of  the  picture  to  the 
extreme  distance.  In  the  foreground  and  centre  a  gentle 
cascade  (the  water  exquisitely  executed)  was  over- 
shadowed by  a  group  of  majestic  forest  trees.  The  per- 
spective was  excellently  preserved ;  the  foliage,  verdure, 
and  general  colouring  was  artistically  toned  and  glazed. 
The  subject  of  this  scene  and  its  treatment  were  eminently 
indicative  of  the  bland  temperament  of  the  ill-fated 
major's  mind,  ever  running  in  a  calm  and  harmonious 
mood. 

"  It  was  a  drop-scene,  and  hung  about  the  middle  of  the 
third  entrance  as  called  in  stage  directions.  The  name  of 
Andre  was  inscribed  in  large  black  letters  on  the  back  of 
it,  thus  placed  no  doubt  by  bis  own  hand  on  its  com- 
pletion, sometimes  a  custom  with  scenic  artists.  It  was 
burnt  with  the  rest  of  the  scenery  at  the  destruction  of 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


the  theatre  in  1821.    It  would  have  been  a  precious  relic 
at  the  present  day  for  its  very  interesting  associations. 

"  Poor  Andre  little  thought  while  he  was  painting  that 
scene,  that  a  few  short  years  afterward  it  would  be  used 
in  a  natural  play,  written  on  the  subject  of  his  capture 
and  death.  It  was  so  used  in  the  summer  of  1807,  on  the 
4th  of  July,  at  the  '  Old  South,'  as  a  representation  of  the 
pass  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson  river  where  he  was  taken 
by  the  three  militiamen ;  it  being  the  only  scene  in  the 
house  which  might  answer  for  the  locality,  without 
painting  one  expressly  for  it.  The  piece  had  no  merit  as 
a  drama,  and  was  only  concocted  for  holiday  occasions, 
being  a  sort  of  hybrid  affair,  abounding  with  fulsome 
dialogue  and  pantomime  —  full  of  Yankee  notions  and 
patriotic  clap-trap ;  but  incessant  laughter  and  applause 
I  well  remember  rewarded  the  company's  efforts." 

There  was  in  Peall's  Museum  in  this  city,  a  few 
years  ago,  a  MS.  poem  by  Major  Andre,  entitled 
The  Cow  Chase.  I  presume  that  SERVIENS  is 
familiar  with  the  composition  ;  it  has  been  printed, 
but  I  do  not  now  know  where  to  find  it.  If 
SERVIENS  has  no  copy  of  this  squib,  which  was  in 
reference  to  the  exploits  of  a  foraging  party 
under  the  command  of  the  American  General 
Wayne,  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  I  can  procure  a 
copy  for  him  from  New  York,  where  I  presume 
the  original'  poem  now  is.  Our  museum  was 
broken  up  some  years  ago,  and  most  of  the  stock 
bought  by  P.  T.  Barnum,  of  New  York.  If  the 
latter  has  the  verses  I  can  procure  a  copy.  I 
would  refer  SERVIENS  for  an  interesting  account 
of  Arnold's  treason  and  Andre's  fate,  with  illus- 
trations to  Lossing's  Field  Book  of  the  Revolution, 
vol.  ii.,  in  which  he  will  find  a  fac-simile  of  a  pen- 
and-ink  portrait  of  Andre  by  himself. 

In  conclusion,  I  inclose  a  newspaper  clipping 
which  has  been  published  in  New  York  Journal, 
since  I  thought  of  preparing  this  communication  for 
"  N.  &  Q."  It  is  by  a  correspondent  who,  judging 
from  his  former  writings,  has  devoted  some  at- 
tention to  historical  points,  and  I  think  it  may  be 
relied  upon  as  correct.  The  relation  throws  an 
additional  light  upon  the  sad  story  of  Andre's 
detection. 

"  ARNOLD'S  TREASON. 

"Application  was  made  in  the  year  1825  for  assistance  in 
making  out  the  necessary  documents  for  a  pension  by  one 
of  the  bargemen  in  the  barge  that  conveyed  General 
Arnold  to  the  sloop  of  war  '  Vulture.'  He  was  bow-oars- 
man in  the  boat,  next  in  rank  to  the  coxswain,  whose 
name  was  James  Larvey.  His  memory  was  remarkably 
accurate,  and  his  veracity  unquestionable. 

"  The  day  before  the  flight  of  Arnold,  the  barge  brought 
him  with  Major  Andre  from  Lawyer  Smith's,  below 
Stoney  Point,  to  the  general's  head-quarters.  They  con- 
versed very  little  during  the  passage.  The  general  told 
his  aid,  who  was  at  the  landing  when  they  arrived,  that 
he  had  brought  up  a  relation  of  his  wife.  Arnold  kept 
one  of  his  horses  constantly  caparisoned  at  the  door  of  his 
quarters,  and  the  next  morning,  soon  after  breakfast,  he 
rode  down  in  great  haste  with  the  coxswain  just  behind 
him  on  foot.  The  coxswain  cried  out  to  the  bargemen  to 
come  out  from  their  quarters  that  were  hard  by,  and  the 
general  dashed  down  the  footfall  instead  of  taking  a  cir- 
cuit, the  usual  one  for  those  who  were  mounted. 


"  The  barge  was  soon  made  ready,  though  the  general, 
in  his  impatience,  repeatedly  ordered  the  bow-man  to 
push  off,  before  all  the  men  had  mustered.  The  saddle 
and  upholsters  were  taken  on  board  of  the  barge,  and 
Arnold,  immediately  after  they  pushed  off,  wiped  the 
priming  from  the  pistols  and  primed  them  anew,  cocked 
and  half-cocked  them  repeatedly.  He  inquired  of  Collins, 
the  bow-man,  if  the  men  had  their  arms,  and  was  told 
that  they  came  in  such  haste  that  there  were  but  two 
swords,  belonging  to  himself  and  the  coxswain.  They 
ought  to  have  brought  their  arms,  he  said.  He  then  tied 
a  white  handkerchief  to  the  end  of  his  cane  for  a  flag  in 
passing  the  forts.  On  arriving  alongside  of  the  Vulture, 
he  took  it  off  and  wiped  his  face. 

"  The  general  had  been  down  in  the  cabin  about  an  hour, 
when  the  coxswain  was  sent  for,  and  by  the  significant 
looks  and  laughing  of  the  officers,  the  men  in  the  barge 
began  to  be  very  apprehensive  that  all  was  not  right. 
He  very  soon  returned  and  told  them  that  they  were  all 
'  prisoners  of  war.'  The  bargemen  were  unmoved,  and 
submitted  to  the  fortunes  of  war,  except  two  Englishmen, 
who  had  deserted,  and  who  were  much  terrified  and  wept. 
The  bargemen  were  promised  good  fare  if  they  would 
enter  on  duty  aboard  the  Vulture,  but  they  declined,  and 
were  handcuffed,  and  so  remained  for  four  days.  General 
j  Arnold  then  sent  for  them  at  New  York.  In  passing 
I  from  the  wharf  to  his  head-quarters,  the  two  Englishmen 
slipped  aboard  a  letter  of  marque,  then  nearly  ready  to  sail. 

"  The  others,  five  in  number,  waited  on  Arnold,  who 
told  them  that  they  .had  always  been  attentive  and 
faithful,  and  he  expected  they  would  stay  with  him  —  he 
had,  he  said,  command  of  a  regiment  of  horse,  and  Larvey 
and  Collins  might  have  commissions,  and  the  rest  should 
be  non-commissioned  officers.  Larvey  answered  that  he 
could  not  be  contented  —  he  had  rather  be  a  soldier  where 
he  was  content,  than  an  officer  where  he  was  not.  The 
others  expressed  or  manifested  their  concurrence  in 
Larvey's  opinion.  Arnold  then  gave  the  coxswain  a 
guinea,  and  told  him  that  they  should  be  sent  back.  At 
night  they  were  conveyed  to  the  Vulture,  and  the  next 
day  set  ashore. 

"  This  worthy  and  intelligent  applicant  was  a  native  of 
Plymouth,  and  belonged  to  an  old  and  respectable  family 
of  that  place  by  the  name  of  Collins.  He  remembered 
perfectly  well  the  dress  of  Major  Andre  when  they  took 
him  up  in  the  barge  from  Lawyer  Smith's  house  to  Ar- 
nold's quarters  — '  blue  homespun  stockings,  a  pair  of 
wrinkled  boots  not  lately  brushed,  blue  cloth  breeches 
tied  at  the  knee  with  strings,  waistcoat  of  the  same,  blue 
surtout  buttoned  by  a  single  button,  black  silk  handker- 
chief once  round  the  neck  and  tied  in  front,  with  the  ends 
under  the  waistcoat,  and  a  flopped  hat.' 

"  Andre,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  executed  in  Oc- 
tober, 17«0,  at  Tappan,  in  Rockland  county,  in  this  state 
(New  York).  His  body  was  buried  on  a  farm  near  the 
place  of  execution,  where  it  remained  undisturbed  until 
the  10th  of  August,  1821,  when,  by  order  of  the  Duke  of 
York,  Mr.  Buchanan,  the  then  British  Consul  residing  in, 
this  city,  caused  the  remains  of  the  unfortunate  yet  brave 
and  accomplished  youth  to  be  disinterred  and  placed  in  a 
sarcophagus,  with  the  view  of  being  conveyed  to  Eng- 
land, and  deposited  near  the  monument  erected  to  his 
memory  in  Westminster  Abbey.  In  proceeding  to  dis- 
inter the  remains,  the  coffin  was  found  about  three  feet 
below  the  surface  of  the  earth ;  the  lid  was  broken  in  the 
centre,  and  had  partly  fallen  in,  but  was  kept  up  by  rest- 
ing on  the  skull.  On  raising  the  lid  the  skeleton  was 
found  entire,  without  a  vestige  of  any  other  part  of  his 
remains,  except  some  of  his  hair,  which  appeared  in  small 
tufts ;  and  the  only  part  of  his  dress  was  the  leather  string 
which  tied  the  hair." 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


81 


In  conclusion  allow  me,  as  an  American,  to 
allude  to  the  Query  of  MR.  TEIVETT  ALLCOCK 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  111.),  whether  Andre  was  altogether 
blameless  in  the  "  questionable  affair  "  for  which 
he  suffered.  I  do  not  see  how  his  conduct  can  be 
defended.  The  spy  who  endeavours  to  discover 
the  force  and  disposition  of  an  enemy's  troops, 
executes  a  dangerous  commission,  but  it  is  an 
honourable  one.  The  intelligence  which  he  brings 
is  of  the  greatest  consequence,  and  though  by  the 
code  of  war  his  life  is  forfeit  if  he  is  detected,  in  a 
moral  point  of  view  he  has  done  no  wrong.  But 
Andre  was  engaged  in  other  offices  than  those  of  the 
spy.  He  knew  that  he  was  negotiating  the  terms 
of  a  treason,  and  tempting  a  weak  officer  to  bar- 
gain away  the  cause  of  his  country  for  gold  and 
military  rank.  He  did  not  enter  the  American 
camp  with  the  furtive  design  of  an  honest  spy,  but 
he  went  as  a  tempter,  to  whisper  proposals  of  re- 
ward to  the  weak  ear  of  a  once  respected  man, 
hoping  by  the  splendour  of  his  offers  to  prostrate 
his  reeling  virtue.  It  was  not  an  honourable 
office  which  Andre  undertook.  We  do  not  know 
how  far  he  might  have  been  forced  into  the  po- 
sition by  superior  command,  but  at  all  events  it 
was  a  false  position,  which  brought  upon  him  not 
merely  the  fall  of  the  spy,  but  of  the  tempter. 
Andre  seems  in  other  affairs  to  have  been  a 
spirited,  accomplished,  and  kind  man,  as  the  letters 
we  have  given  above  show.  His  transaction  with 
Arnold  was  a  great  and  a  melancholy  mistake. 

THOMPSON  WESTCOTT. 

Philadelphia,  U.  S.  A. 


I  have  read  somewhere  (but  have  mislaid  the 
reference)  that  Washington  and  some  of  the 
American  officers  were  inclined  to  have  spared 
Major  Andre,  but  that  Lafayette  and  other  French 
officers  urged  his  execution  with  a  vehemence  and 
perseverance  that  overpowered  the  more  merciful 
part  of  the  judges.  I  am  no  admirer  of  the  career 
of  the  "  Grandison-Cromwell,"  but  the  cruelty 
and  vindictiveness  of  the  part  here  assigned  him 
do  not  find,  as  far  as  I  can  remember,  any  parallel 
in  his  subsequent  long  and  active  life.  Can  some 
of  your  American  correspondents  inform  me 
whether  there  is  any  foundation  for  the  above 
statement  ? 

_  MR.  SPARKS,  in  his  remarks  on  this  case,  vin- 
dicates Washington  from  the  charge  of  excessive 
severity,  by  what  he  calls  a  parallel  instance  of 
the  execution  of  a  young  American  officer,  appre- 
hended in  the  British  camp.  The  cases  are  en- 
tirely different ;  for  it  is  evident  by  Mr.  SPARKS' 
own  account,  that  the  American  officer  was  a  spy 
in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  word,  which  nobody 
accused  Andre  of  being,  although  the  rigid  inter- 
pretation of  the  laws  of  war  perhaps  authorised 
his  being  treated  as  such.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 


NOTES    OH    MANNERS,    COSTUME,    ETC. 

(Continued  from  p.  23.) 

Coats. — Full  dress  coats  have  no  capes  nor  cuffs, 
morningorriding  coats  had;  whence  are  derived  the 
ordinary  coat  now  worn  all  through  Europe  called 
frocks,  and  all  uniforms.  The  full  dress  was  made 
to  fit,  but  the  riding  dress  was  loose,  and  long  in 
the  collar  and  arms  to  protect  the  neck  and  wrists. 
When  the  weather  was  fine,  or  that  the  wearer 
came  into  a  house,  he  doubled  down  his  cape,  and 
doubled  up  his  cuffs :  and  as  in  those  days  the 
coats  were  lined  with  different  coloured  stuffs,  the 
colour  of  the  lining  became  the  colour  of  the  cape 
and  cuffs.  Uniforms  had  the  same  origin,  the 
facings,  as  they  are  called,  being  only  the  old 
linings.  This  is  still  preserved  in  the  French 
word  revers,  which  is  more  correct  than  our  word 
facing ;  though  that  also,  if  well  considered,  has 
the  same  meaning :  for  it  was  the  custom  to  face 
the  breasts  of  coats  with  a  slip  of  lining,  which, 
when  buckled  back,  became  what  is  now  called  a 
facing,  as  in  hats  and  boots,  in  which  a  corre- 
sponding alteration  has  taken  place.)  The  frocks 
being  cut  down  straight  to  cover  the  thighs  (as 
grooms'  frocks  still  are),  were  inconvenient  to 
walk  in ;  the  opposite  corners  of  each  skirt  were 
therefore  furnished  with  a  hook  and  eye,  by  which 
the  skirt  was  fastened  back,  and  hence  the  form 
of  the  flaps  of  military  coats,  of  a  different  colour 
from  the  coats,  with  an  ornament  in  the  place  of 
the  hook  and  eye.  When  I  was  a  child  (1790),  I 
had  a  kind  of  military  uniform  which  was  made  in 
this  fashion,  and  I  have  seen  uniforms  of  the  Irish 
Volunteers  in  this  style.  This  is  the  reason  why 
a  standing  collar  is  essential  to  a  full-dress  coat; 
and  that  the  Windsor  uniform,  rich,  handsome,  and 
laced  as  it  was,  and  worn  with  a  sword,  cocked 
hat,  and  buckles,  was  not  full  dress,  because  it 
was  a  frock ;  because  the  cape  and  collars  were 
red,  while  the  coat  was  blue  ;  and  because  the  cape 
was  a  double  one.  Of  this  Windsor  uniform  there 
were  three  classes  in  the  last  thirty  years  of 
George  III. :  the  common  blue  frock  with  red 
cape  and  cuffs,  worn  in  the  morning  ;  the  laced  blue 
frock,  with  gold-laced  button-holes  on  the  breasts, 
pocket-flaps,  capes,  and  cuffs ;  with  this  coat,  white 
breeches,  and  a  cocked  hat  and  sword,  were  worn. 
It  was  the  dress  of  those  who  attended  the  king 
when  not  actually  at  court.  The  third  was  a  blue 
full-dress  coat  with  standing  collar,  embroidered, 
with  red  silk  breeches  :  this  was  a  complete  court 
dress,  but  worn  only  by  cabinet  ministers  and  the 
great  officers  of  the  crown.  The  Princes  of  the 
Blood,  and  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  have 
a  kind  of  frock  uniform;  blue  for  the  former,  &c.; 
the  latter  the  colour  he  may  choose,  lined  with 
silk,  and  with  a  button  bearing  the  initial  and 
coronet  of  the  Prince  or  Lord  Lieutenant ;  but 
not  otherwise  differing  from  the  usual  frock  coat. 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


The  uniform  of  George  IV.,  when  Prince  of  Wales, 
was  blue  lined  with  buff,  and  buff  waistcoats  and 
breeches.  When  he  became  Prince  Regent,  the 
buttons  bore  G.  P.  R ,  and  also  the  members  of 
his  government  wore  it.  There  was  also  esta- 
blished a  kind  of  full  dress  of  blue,  with  black 
cape  and  cuffs,  and  gold  frogs,  and  Brandenberg 
embroidery  ;  but  it  did  not  take. 

The  origin  of  these  uniforms  was  a  coat  which 
the  court  of  Louis  XIV.  wore  in  that  monarch's 
visits  to  Marley,  which  was  a  kind  of  retirement, 
and  to  which  it  was  therefore  a  great  honour  to 
be  invited.  The  habit  de  Marly  was  therefore,  at 
one  time,  a  great  distinction.  But  everything 
changes :  when  the  Marquis  of  Vardes,  a  former 
favourite,  returned  to  court,  after  a  long  exile,  he 
thought  it  clever  to  appear  in  the  old  habit  de 
Marly,  with  which  he  had  been  formerly  honoured, 
but  it  was  so  old-fashioned  that  he  was  laughed  at ; 
on  which  he  said  to  the  king,  "  Sire,  loin  de  V.  M.  on 
n'est  pas  seulement  malheureux,  on  devient  en- 
core ridicule."  A  few  of  us  who  had  the  Windsor 
uniform  under  the  old  king,  continue  still  to  wear 
it  on  some  half-dress  occasions,  such  as  the 
Speaker's  dinners,  Lord  Mayor's  Day,  &c. ;  but, 
much  as  it  was  once  admired,  it  begins  to  grow 
strange.  William  IV.  has  established  some  official 
uniforms  with  graduated  degrees  of  splendour : 
red  velvet  facings  for  his  household,  black 
velvet  for  diplomatists,  and  white  for  the  Admi- 
ralty ;  with  deep  embroideries  and  white-feather 
hat  trimmings  for  the  greater  officers,  and  lighter 
embroideries  and  black  hat  trimmings  for  the  sub- 
ordinates. This  kind  of  livery  (if  I  may  use  the 
expression),  though  in  some  respects  convenient, 
and  though  it  gives  variety  to  a  court  which  much 
wanted  it,  is  not  quite  in  accordance  with  our 
customs  and  manners ;  nor  is,  I  think,  the  arrange- 
ment consistent  with  the  principles  on  which  our 
court  dresses  have  been  regulated ;  for  a  century 
and  a  half  it  has  been  too  servilely  borrowed  from 
the  foreign  courts,  where,  as  everything  is  mili- 
tary, these  civil  dresses  partook  of  the  nature  of  a 
military  uniform  :  hence  the  capes  and  cuffs  of  a 
different  material  and  colour  from  the  coat  itself. 
It  is  observable,  that  the  second  Windsor  uniform 
was  copied  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia  for  his  civil 
service.  We  have  since  returned  the  compliment. 

C. 


"  TE    SEXES   GIVE   EAR,      ETC. 

The  following  song,  in  praise  of  good  women, 
has  been  long  a  favourite  with  the  peasantry  of 
this  part  of  Cornwall,  and  may  be  worthy  of  pre- 
servation in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q."  It  has,  doubt- 
less, become  a  little  corrupted  by  oral  transmission, 
but  I  give  it  precisely  as  I  took  it  down  from  the 
mouth  of  an  old  man,  whose  boast  it  was  that  he 


could  sing  more  songs  than  there  were  days  in  the 
year.  Among  the  number  were  "  Artur  Bradley," 
"  The  Six  pretty  Maidens,"  "  Richard  of  Taunton 
Dean,"  and  a  more  modern  ditty,  which,  for  ro- 
mantic incident,  might  in  time  have  taken  rank 
with  "  King  Henry  and  the  Miller  of  Mansfield," 
and  "King  Edward  and  the  Tanner  of  Tamworth." 
It  was  entitled  "  Duke  William  [William  IV.]  and 
the  Press-gang." 

The  idea  contained  in  verses  7  and  8  of  the 
subjoined,  is  found  in  the  "Persones  Tale"  of 
Chaucer  (§Remedium  contra  luxuriant)  : 

"  Ye  sexes  give  ear  to  my  fancy ; 

In  the  praise  of  good  women  I  sing. 
It  is  not  of  Doll,  Kate,  nor  Nancy, 
The  mate  of  a  clown,  nor  a  king. 

"  Old  Adam,  when  he  was  created, 

Was  lord  of  the  universe  round ; 
But  his  happiness  was  not  completed, 
Until  that  a  help -mate  was  found. 
"  He  had  all  things  for  food  that  was  wanting, 

Which  give  us  content  in  this  life ; 
He  had  horses  and  foxes  for  hunting. 
Which  many  love  more  than  a  wife. 

"  He'd  a  garden  so  planted  by  Nature, 
As  man  can't  produce  in  this  life ; 
But  yet  the  all-wise,  great  Creator 
Saw  still  that  he  wanted  a  wife. 

"  Old  Adam  was  laid  in  a  slumber, 

And  there  he  lost  part  of  his  side : 

And  when  he  awoke,  in  great  wonder, 

He  beheld  his  most  beautiful  bride. 

"  With  transport  he  gazed  all  on  her ; 
His  happiness  then  was  complete, 
And  he  blessed  the  bountiful  Donor, 
Who  on  him  bestowed  a  mate. 

"  She  was  not  took  out  of  his  head, 
To  reign  or  triumph  o'er  man : 
She  was  not  took  out  of  his  feet, 
By  man  to  be  trampled  upon. 

"  But  she  was  took  out  of  his  side, 

His  equal  and  partner  to  be : 
Though  they  are  united  in  one, 
Still  the  man  is  the  top  of  the  tree. 

"  Then  let  not  the  fair  be  despised 

By  man,  as  she's  part  of  himself; 
For  a  woman  by  Adam  was  prized 

More  than  the  whole  world  with  its  pelf. 

"  Then  man  without  woman's  a  beggar, 

Tho'  of  the  whole  world  he's  possesst ; 
And  a  beggar  that  has  a  good  woman, 
With  more  than  the  world  he  is  blest." 

T.  L.  a 

Polperro,  Cornwall. 


FRANKLIN'S  PARABLE. 

The  editor  of  Franklin's  Works  states  that  he 
got  this  fable  from  Lord  Kames's  Sketches,  Sfc.r 
which  were  published  in  1774,  and  quotes  Lord 
Kaines  as  follows  : 

"  The  following  parable  against  persecution  was  com- 
municated to  me  by  Dr.  Franklin  of  Philadelphia  .  .  ." 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


83 


But  the  fable  itself  had  been  published  ten  years 
before,  by  a  person  who  was  in  the  company  in 
which  Franklin  read  it,  as  from  Genesis.  The 
following  cutting,  from  I  know  not  what  periodical, 
was  found  by  me  among  the  papers  of  a  friend  : 

"  A  supposed  CJiapter  in  the  Bible,  in  favour  of  Religious 
Toleration. 

"  Some  time  ago,  being  in  company  with  a  friend  from 
North  America,  as  well  known  throughout  Europe  for  his 
ingenious  discoveries  in  natural  philosophy,  as  to  his 
countrymen  for  his  sagacity,  his  usefulness,  and  activity, 
in  every  public-spirited  measure,  and  to  his  acquaintance 
for  all  the  social  virtues ;  the  conversation  happened  to 
turn  on  the  subject  of  Persecution.  My  friend,  whose 
understanding  is  as  enlarged  as  his  heart  is  benevolent, 
did  not  fail  to  urge  many  unanswerable  arguments  against 
a  practice  so  obviously  repugnant  to  every  dictate  of  hu- 
manity. At  length,  in  support  of  what  he  had  advanced, 
he  called  for  a  Bible,  and  turning  to  the  Book  of  Genesis, 
read  as  follows : 

CHAP.  XXVII. 

And  it  came  to  pass  after  those  things,  that  Abraham 
sat  in  the  door  of  his  tent,  about  the  going  down  of  the 
sun. 

2.  And  behold  a  man,  bowed  with  age,  came  from  the 
way  of  the  wilderness,  leaning  on  a  staff. 

3.  And  Abraham  arose,  and  met  him,  and  said  unto 
him,  Turn  in,  I  pray  thee,  and  warm  thy  feet,  and  tarry 
all  night,  and  thou  shalt  arise  early  on  the  morrow,  and 
go  on  thy  way. 

4.  But  the  man  said,  Nay,  for  I  will  abide  under  this  tree. 

5.  And  Abraham  pressed  him  greatly;  so  he  turned, 
and  they  went  into  the  tent ;  and  Abraham  baked  un- 
leavened bread,  and  they  did  eat. 

6.  And  when  Abraham  saw  that  the  man  blessed  not 
God,  he  said  unto  him,  Wherefore  dost  thou  not  worship 
the  most  High  God,  Creator  of  Heaven  and  Earth  ? 

7.  And  the  man  answered  and  said,  I  do  not  worship 
the  God  thou  speakest  of,  neither  do  I  call  upon  his  name ; 
for  I  have  made  to  myself  a  God,  which  abideth  always  in 
mine  house,  and  provideth  me  with  all  things. 

8.  And  Abraham's  zeal  was  kindled  against  the  man, 
and  he  arose  and  fell  upon  him,  and  drove  him  forth  with 
blows  into  the  wilderness. 

9.  And  at  midnight  God  called  unto  Abraham,  saying, 
Abraham,  where  is  the  stranger  ? 

10.  And  Abraham  answered  and  said,  Lord,  he  would 
not  worship  thee,  neither  would  he  call  upon  thy  name ; 
therefore  have  I  driven  him  out  from  before  my  face  into 
the  wilderness. 

11.  And  God  said,  Have  I  borne  with  him  these  hun- 
dred ninety  and  eight  years,  and  nourished  him   and 
cloathed  him,  notwithstanding  his  rebellion  against  Me ; 
and  couldst  not  thou,  that  art  thyself  a  sinner,  bear  with 
'him  one  night  ? 

12.  And  Abraham  said,  Let  not  the  anger  of  my  Lord 
wax  hot  against  his  servant :  Lo,  I  have  sinned ;  forgive 
me,  I  pray  thee. 

13.  And  he  arose,  and  went  forth  into  the  wilderness, 
and  sought  diligently  for  the  man,  and  found  him : 

14.  And  returned  with  him  to  his  tent ;  and  when  he 
had  entreated  him  kindly,  he  sent  him  away  on  the 
morrow  with  gifts. 

15.  And  God  spake  again  unto  Abraham,  saying,  For 
this  thy  sin  shall  thy  seed  be  afflicted  four  hundred  years 
in  a  strange  land. 

16.  But  for  thy  repentance  will  I  deliver  them ;  and 
they  shall  come  forth  with  power,  and  with  gladness  of 
heart,  and  with  much  substance. 


"  I  own  I  was  struck  with  the  aptness  of  the  passage  to 
the  subject,  and  did  not  fail  to  express  my  surprise,  that 
in  all  the  discourses  I  had  read  against  a  practice  so  dia- 
metrically opposite  to  the  genuine  spirit  of  our  holy  re- 
ligion, I  did  not  remember  to  have  seen  this  chapter 
quoted;  nor  did  I  recollect  my  having  ever  read  it, 
though  no  stranger  to  my  Bible.  Next  morning,  turning 
to  the  Book  of  Genesis,  I  found  there  was  no  such, 
chapter,  and  that  the  whole  was  a  well-meant  invention 
of  my  friend,  whose  sallies  of  humour,  in  which  he  is  a 
great  master,  have  always  an  useful  and  benevolent 
tendency. 

"  With  some  difficulty  I  procured  a  copy  of  what  he 
pretended  to  read,  which  I  now  send  you  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  your  readers ;  and  you  will  'perhaps  think  it  not 
unreasonable  at  a  time  when  our  church  more  particularly 
calls  upon  us  to  commemorate  the  amazing  love  of  Him 
who,  possessing  the  divine  virtue  of  charity  in  the  most 
supreme  degree,  laid  down  his  life  even  for  his  enemies. 

I  am,  &c., 

W.  S. 

April  16, 1764." 

I  may  add  that  Lord  Kames's  edition,  which  is 
not  so  complete  as  the  above,  was  copied  into  the 
Christian  Miscellany,  and  thence  reprinted,  in 
1793,  as  a  penny  tract.  M. 


FAMILY    OF   LESTKANGE. 

"  1631.  Ham.  Lestrange  films   Nich.   et  Anna3   uxoris 

bap*  fuit  8TO  Decembris. 
1632.  Nich.  filius  Nic.  et  Anna;  uxoris  baptizatus  fuit 

17mo  Octobris. 
1636.  Johannes  filius  Nich.  et  Ann.  uxoris  bap.   fuit 

8TO  Januarii. 

1639.  Gulielmus  filius  Nich.  et  Ann.  uxoris  bapt.  fuit 

18mo  Aprilis. 

1640.  Edwardus  filius  Nich.  et  Ann.  uxoris  bap'  fuit 

27"">  Maij. 

1644.  Rogerus  filius  Nich.  et  Ann.  uxoris  bap4  fuit 

8T°  Junii. 

1645.  Ann.  filia  Nich.  et  Ann.  ux.  bap*  fuit  5to  Ffe- 

bruarii. 
1647.  Carolus  filius  Nich.   et  Ann.  uxoris   bap*  fuit 

3tio  Aprilis. 
1651.  Thomas  filius  Nich.  et  Ann.  uxoris  bap*  fuit 

20mo  Maij." 

And  in  another  hand, — 

"  1669.  Decbr  14,  Sir  Nicholas  Lestrange,  Bart.,  departed 
this  life." 

This  record  may  interest  some  of  your  genea- 
logical readers.  It  is  copied  from  an  interleaved 
copy  of  Dalton's  Country  Justice  (4th  edit.,  1630), 
in  my  possession,  which  belonged  to  "  Hamon  le 
Strange."  The  volume  possesses  some  interest, 
as  showing  that  country  justices  of  the  Caroline 
period  were  not  so  utterly  ignorant  as  Mr.  Ma- 
caulay  would  have  us  believe.  The  notes  which 
this  country  justice  made  on  matters  bearing  on 
his  magisterial  duty,  show  that  he  was  not  only 
well  read  in  the  classical  writers  and  jurists,  but 
also  that  the  schoolmen,  fathers,  and  canonists  were 
known  to  him.  The  quotations  also  from  French, 
Italian,  and  Spanish  writers  show  an  acquaintance 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


with  modern  literature  which  a  country  justice  of 
the  Hanoverian  era  might  well  envy. 

W.  DENTON. 


Curious  Epitaph.  — 

"Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Daniel  Jeffery,  the  son  of 
Michael  Jeffery  and  Joan  his  wife.  He  was  buried  ye 
2'  day  of  September,  1746,  and  in  ye  18'  yeere  of  his  age. 
This  youth,  When  in  his  sickness  lay,  did  for  the  Minis- 
ter Send  »  that  he  would  Come  and  With  him  Pray  » 
But  he  would  not  atend.  But  When  this  young  man 
Buried  was  the  Minister  did  him  admit  »  he  Should  be 
Caried  into  Church  *  that  he  might  money  geet.  By 
this  you  See  what  man  will  dwo  *  to  geet  money  if  he 
can  *  Who  did  Refuse  to  come  and  pray  »  by  the  Fore- 
aaid  young  man." 

This  epitaph  was  in  the  churchyard  of  West 
Allington,  Devon.  It  alludes  to  the  custom  in 
the  county,  of  a  fee  paid  to  the  minister  when  a 
corpse  is  carried  into  church.  The  minister  was 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Pyle,  son  of  the  author  of  the  Para- 
phrase on  St.  Paul's  Epistles.  It  is  given  as  above 
by  Polwhele  in  his  County  History,  who  adds,  what 
I  have  myself  heard  from  an  old  gentleman  who 
knew  him  well,  and  had  seen  the  epitaph,  that  he 
would  not  allow  it  to  be  removed,  not  wishing  to 
destroy  such  a  specimen  of  village  poetry  and 
scandalous  falsehood ;  for  it  was  well  known  that 
the  youth  died  of  virulent  small-pox,  and  that  so 
suddenly  that  there  was  no  time  for  giving  notice 
of  his  illness.  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Clyst  St.  George. 

"  Paunch"  or  "Punch"  when  first  known  in 
England. — The  following  extract  has  been  taken 
from  Fryer's  Travels  to  the  East  Indies,  1672  : 

"  At  Nerule  (near  Goa)  is  made  the  best  arach,  or  nepa. 
die  Goa,  with  which  the  English  on  this  coast  make  that 
enervating  liquor  called  paunch  (which  is  Indostan  for 
five),  from  five  ingredients,  as  the  physicians  name  this 
composition  diapente;  or  from  four  things,  diatesseron." 

W.  W. 

Malta. 

Monumental  Inscription.  — 

"  In  memory  of  Mr.  John  Ellis  of  Silkstone,  who 
departed  this  life  the  7th  day  of  April,  1766,  in  the 
twenty-seventh  year  of  his  age.  Also  the  body  of 
Mary  Isabella,  daughter  of  the  said  Mr.  John,  who 
died  in  her  infancy.  Item  ille  corpus  Bridget  Ellis, 
Uxor  super  J.  Ellis  quis  obeo  Decrli  8th,  1812, 
a- tat  is  88. 

•  Life's  like  an  inn  where  travellers  stay, 
Some  only  breakfast  and  away ; 
Others  to  dinner  stop,  and  are  full  fed  ; 
The  oldest  only  sup  and  go  to  bed.'" 

E.H. 

Bishop  Sprat. — I  know  not  whether  the  birth- 
place of  Sprat,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  has  ever  been 
satisfactorily  settled.  Wood  (A  thence),  Godwin 


(De  Presulibus,  by  Richardson),  and  Johnson,  in 
his  Lives  of  the  Poets,  state  that  he  was  borA  at 
Tallaton,  in  Devonshire.  In  this  they  are  fol- 
lowed by  the  Biographic  Universelle,  and  the 
Cyclopaedia  of  the  Society  for  Promoting  Useful 
Knowledge,  though  in  the  latter  the  name  of  the 
place  is  misprinted  Fallaton.  Hutchins,  in  his 
History  of  Dorset,  however,  claims  him  as  a  native 
of  that  county ;  and  declares  him,  on  the  evidence 
of  his  epitaph,  to  have  been  born  at  Beaminster, 
Dorset. 

I  have  been  looking  over  a  Sermon  of  his, 
"  preached  to  the  natives  of  the  county  of  Dorset, 
residing  in  and  about  the  cities  of  London  and 
Westminster,  on  Dec.  8,  1692,  being  the  day  of 
their  Anniversary  Feast,"  which  appears  to  me 
to  afford  conclusive  proof  of  the  correctness  of  the 
latter  opinion.  He  there  addresses  them  as  his 
"  dear  countrymen,"  using  the  word  both  there 
and  elsewhere  apparently  in  the  sense  of  natives  of 
the  same  county.  Thus,  for  instance,  he  says  : 

"  No  man  can  deny,  but  as  to  the  country,  whence  we  all 
have  sprung,  our  lot  has  fallen  to  be  born  in  a  pleasant  and 
fruitful  place :  and  I  am  confident,  many  that  hear  me 
this  day,  have  there  alsojn  goodly  inheritance ;  and  many, 
if  not  there,  I  am  sure  have  elsewhere.  And  you  know 
the  old  Gospel  rule,  '  To  whom  much  is  given,  of  them 
much  is  required.'  " 

C.  W.  BlNGHAM. 

A  New-England  Dialogue.  —  The  following 
presents  the  most  striking  peculiarities  in  the 
language  and  pronunciation  of  the  people  of  New 
England : 

R.  Samwell,  Samwell! 

S.   What  say  f 

R.  Where's  your  brother  Danel  f 

S.  He's  to  the  tavern. 

R.  He  hadn't  ought  to  be  to  the  tavern.  I'll  tell 
your  mother  of  him. 

S.  Tell  away  :  she's  up  garret. 

R.  Where's  your  cousin  Jeremiwr  ? 

S.  He's  to  uncle  Obediwr's.  Uncle  has  gone  to 
the  Legislatwr. 

R.  Does  Jeremiwr  behave  well  now  ? 

S.  No,  he's  very  ugly.  He  tried  to  burn  the 
1  barn. 

R.  Do  tell! 

S.  Yes,  it's  the  natwr  of  him  to  play  such  tricks. 
i  Uncle  had  thrashed  him  for  something,  and  next 
!  thing  the  farm  was  in  a  blaze. 

R.  Let  me  know. 

S.  Yes,  Miss  (Mrs.)  Smith  caught  him  at  it. 

R.  Where's  Euphemiwr  ?   How  old  is  she  now  ? 

S.  She's  two  years  old,  and  lives  with  her 
father-in-law  (step-father). 

R.  Did  her  father  leave  much  ? 

S.  Not  much.  His  estate  was  apprized  by  the 
apprizers  at  four  thousand  dollars. 

R.  That's  a  very  low  apprizement.          UNEDA. 

Philadelphia.          . 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


WASHINGTON'S  BIRTHPLACE. 

Until  a  recent  date,  it  has  been  asserted,  and 
admitted  without  question,  that  Washington, 
though  descended  from  an  English  family  of  that 
name,  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  the  United  States. 
Within  a  few  years,  however,  circumstances  have 
come  to  light  which  render  it  probable  that  Wash- 
ington was  born  at  Cookharn  in  Berkshire,  during 
the  temporary  sojourn  of  his  parents  in  that  town, 
his  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was  Bale,  having 
been  a  native  of  that  vicinity.  All  the  evidence  I 
possess  on  the  subject  at  present  is  of  a  tradi- 
tionary nature.  It  is  very  circumstantial,  and 
comes  through  very  few  hands,  and  those  of  per- 
sons whose  veracity  is  above  suspicion  ;  but  if  the 
fact  accord  with  the  supposition,  there  no  doubt 
exist  parochial  or  other  records,  family  letters,  or 
other  literce  scriptce  which  will  place  the  matter 
out  of  doubt.  I  resort  to  your  pages  in  the  hope 
that  some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  and  willing 
to  throw  light  upon  this  interesting  question.  It 
would  be  curious  if  it  should  appear  that  Wash- 
ington, who  is  honoured  as  one  of  the  greatest 
men  the  world  ever  produced,  and  who  rendered 
to  Britain  and  America  the  inestimably  valuable 
service  of  making  them  independent  of  each  other, 
was  born  in  England.  THINKS  I  TO  MYSELF. 


WAS  SHAKSPEAKE  A  BOMAN  CATHOLIC  ? 

I  am  not  aware  that  this  question  has  been  the 
subject  of  that  particular  investigation  and  in- 
quiry which  it  merits.  I  am  convinced  that, 
should  it  lead  into  controversy,  the  Editor  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  would  not  permit  it  to  be  carried  on 
in  any  unchristian  spirit.  No  one  would  lament 
such  an  event  more  than  the  Protestant  writer  of 
this  article,  who  is  proud  to  say  he  mixes  among 
Roman  Catholic  friends  and  acquaintance,  without 
the  slightest  breach  of  friendship,  or  allusion  to 
any  difference  on  religion  which  exists  between 
them.  Having  by  chance  met  with  the  following 
quotation  in  a  work  of  one  of  the  most  eminent 
Roman  Catholics  for  mental  and  legal  attain- 
ments, and  having  at  an  early  period  of  his  life 
been  employed  as  an  amanuensis  to  Mr.  Charles 
Butler,  his  respect  for  his  high  and  amiable  cha- 
racter would  have  deterred  him  from  a  discussion 
in  which  their  religious  faith  is  involved,  had  he 
not  thought  Mr.  Butler's  belief  that  Shakspeare 
was  a  Roman  Catholic,  might  be  entered  upon 
without  exciting  any  acrimonious  feeling,  and 
that  Mr.  Butler's  opinion  was  capable  of  re- 
futation. 

In  Mr.  Butler's  Memoirs  of  the  English  Ca- 
tholics, he  assigns  the  following  reasons  as  the 


ground  of  his  belief  that  Shakspeare  was  a  Roman 
Catholic :  — 

"  Many  writers,"  he  says,  "  premise  a  suspicion,  which, 
from  internal  evidence,  "he  has  long  entertained,  that 
Shakspeare  was  a  Roman  Catholic.  Not  one  of  his  works 
contains  the  slightest  reflections  on  popery,  or  any  of  its 
practices,  or  any  eulogy  on  the  Reformation.  His  pane- 
gyric on  Queen  Elizabeth  is  cautiously  expressed,  whilst 
Queen  Catherine  is  placed  in  a  state  of  veneration,  and 
nothing  can  exceed  the  skill  with  which  Griffith  draws 
the  panegyric  of  Wolsey.  The  ecclesiastic  is  never  pre- 
sented by  Shakspeare  in  a  degrading  point  of  view.  The 
jolly  Monk,  the  irregular  Nun,  never  appear  in  his  drama. 
It  is  not  natural  to  suppose  that  the  topics  on  which,  at 
that  time,  those  who  criminated  popery  loved  so  much  to 
dwell,  must  have  often  solicited  his  notice,  and  invited 
him  to  employ  his  Muse  upon  them,  as  subjects  likely  to 
engage  the  favourable  attention  both  of  the  Sovereign 
and  the  subject?  Does  not  his  abstinence  from  them 
justify  a  suspicion  that  a  popish  feeling  withheld  him 
from  them.  Milton  made  the  Gunpowder  conspiracy  the 
theme  of  a  regular  poem.  Shakspeare  is  altogether  silent 
on  it."* 

That  the  family  and  father  of  Shakspeare  were 
Roman  Catholics,  is  very  probable.  Indeed  there 
cannot  be  a  doubt  that  they  were  so,  if  faith  can 
be  placed  in  the  document  I  am  about  to  describe. 

Mr.  Isaac  Reed,  in  his  edition  of  Shakspeare  in 
1793,  published  a  document  called  The  Confession 
of  Faith,  or  Spiritual  Will  of  John  Shakspeare, 
William  Shakspeare's  father.  It  was  communi- 
cated by  Mr.  Malone  to  Mr.  Reed.  It  is  said  to 
have  been  discovered  about  1770,  by  Charles 
Moseley,  a  master  bricklayer,  employed  to  new 
tile  a  house,  in  which  Thomas  Hart,  a  descendant 
of  the  Shakspeares,  lived,  and  under  whose  roof 
our  bard  is  supposed  to  have  been  born.  It  was 
found  between  the  tiles  and  rafters  of  the  dwell- 
ing, and  was  a  manuscript  consisting  of  six  pages, 
stitched  together  in  the  form  of  a  small  book. 
The  MS.  was  given  to  Mr.  Peyton,  an  alderman 
of  Stratford,  who  presented  it  to  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Davenport,  the  vicar,  and  by  him  it  was  sent  to 
Mr.  Malone.  It  was  deficient  in  the  first  leaf, 
which  was  afterwards  supplied  by  the  discovery 
that  Moseley,  who  had  then  been  two  years  dead, 
had  copied  a  portion  of  it;  and  from  his  transcrip- 
tion the  introductory  part  that  was  deficient  had 
been  supplied. 

Mr.  Malone,  on  its  receipt,  believed  in  its  au- 
thenticity, but  in  his  Inquiry  relative  to  the  Ire- 
land papers  and  forgeries  in  1786,  changed  his 
opinion.  He  says : 

"  In  my  conjectures  concerning  the  writer  of  this  paper, 
I  certainly  was  mistaken,  for  I  have  now  obtained  docu- 
ments that  clearly  prove  it  could  not  have  been  the  com- 
position of  any  one  of  our  poet's  family." 

Still  it  is  probable  that  Shakspeare's  father 
might  have  been  a  Roman  Catholic,  but  it  by  no 
means  follows  that  his  son,  though  bred  up  in  that 

*  The  Italics  are  Mr.  Butler's. 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


[No.  248. 


religion,  continued  in  it.  It  is  more  than  pro- 
bable that  the  enlarged,  the  inquisitive,  the  noble 
mind  of  Shakspeare,  when  the  effects  of  the  Re- 
formation were  buoyant,  became  a  convert  to 
Protestantism. 

The  opinion  of  Mr.  Butler,  that  he  was  a  Roman 
Catholic,  is  more  negatively  than  positively  ex- 
pressed ;  it  is  a  suspicion,  grounded  upon  the 
unfair  and  erroneous  assumption  "  that  none  of 
Shakspeare's  works  contains  the  slightest  reflections 
upon  popery,  or  any  of  its  practices,  or  any  eulogy 
on  the  Reformation." 

It  is  therefore  from  an  examination  of  these 
works  that  he  is  to  be  judged;  and  I  think  the 
following  quotations  from  some  of  Shakspeare's 
dramas  will  confute  Mr.  Butler's  reasoning,  and 
show  us  that  Shakspeare's  mind  was  fully  awa- 
kened to  the  superstitions  and  vices  of  popery 
which  then  prevailed,  and  that  no  apprehension 
of  excommunication  withheld  him  from  exposing 
them. 

Is  it  probable  that  a  sincere  Roman  Catholic 
would  have  written  the  following  sarcasms  upon  a 
Popish  Cardinal  ? 

First  Part  Henry  VI.  Act  I.  Sc.  3.  (Alterca- 
tion between  the  Duke  of  Gloster  and  Henry 
Beaufort,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  and  afterwards 
Cardinal.) 

"  Gloster  (to  the  Bishop").  Stand  back :  thon  manifest 

conspirator ; 

Thou  that  eontriv'dst  to  murder  our  dead  lord : 
Thou  that  giv'st  whores  indulgences  to  sin ! 
I'll  canvass  thee  in  thy  broad  cardinal's  hat, 
If  thou  proceed  in  this  thy  insolence. 

Win.  Is  ay,  stand  thou  back,  I  will  not  budge  a  foot ; 
This  be  Damascus*,  be  thou  cursed  Cain, 
To  slay  thy  brother  Abel,  if  thou  wilt. 

Glo.  I  will  not  slay  thee,  but  I'll  drive  thee  back : 
Thy  scarlet  robes,  as  a  child's  bearing-cloth 
I'll  use,  to  carry  thee  out  of  this  place. 

*        *        Priest,  beware  your  beard ; 
I  mean  to  tug  it,  and  to  cuff  you  soundly : 
Under  my  feet  I  stamp  thy  cardinal's  hat ; 
In  spite  of  pope  or  dignities  of  church, 
Here  by  the  cheeks  I'll  drag  thee  up  and  down." 

(Again  in  Act  III.  Sc.  1,  this  altercation  takes 
place.) 

"  Win.  Com'st  thou  with  deep  premeditated  lines, 
With  written  pamphlets  studiously  devis'd, 
Humphrey  of  Gloster  ?  if  thou  canst  accuse, 
Or  aught  intend'st  to  lay  unto  my  charge, 
Do  it  without  invention  suddenly. 

Glo.  Presumptuous  priest!  this  place  commands  my 

patience, 

Or  thou  shouldst  find  thou  hast  dishonour'd  me. 
Think  not,  although  in  writing  I  preferr'd 
The  manner  of  thy  vile  outrageous  crimes, 
That  therefore  I  have  forg'd,  or  am  not  able 

*  The  old  travellers  believed  that  Damascus  was  the 
scene  of  the  first  murder.  Maundeville  says,  "  And  in 
that  place  where  Damascus  was  found,  Kayne  slew  Abel 
his  brother." — Knight's  Shakspeare. 


Verbatim  to  rehearse  the  method  of  my  pen : 
No,  prelate ;  such  is  thy  audacious  wickedness, 
Thy  lewd,  pestiferous,  and  dissentious  pranks, 
As  very  infants  prattle  of  thy  pride. 
Thou  art  a  most  pernicious  usurer : 
Froward  by  nature,  enemy  to  peace  ; 
Lascivious,  wanton,  more  than  well  beseems 
A  man  of  thy  profession,  and  degree ; 
And  for  thy  treachery,  What's  more  manifest  ?  " 

Is  it  probable  that  Mr.  Butler  had  never  read 
the  following  well-known  invective  of  King  John 
to  Pandulph,  the  pope's  legate,  or  had  he  forgotten 
it?  (K.  John,  Act  III.  Sc.  1.)  : 

"  Pandulph.  I  Pandulph,  of  fair  Milan  cardinal, 
And  from  pope  Innocent  the  legate  here, 
Do,  in  his  name,  religiously  demand, 
Why  thou  against  the  church,  our  holy  mother, 
So  wilfully  dost  spurn  ? 

King  John.  What  earthly  name  to  interrogatories, 
Can  task  the  free  breath  of  a  sacred  king  ? 
Thou  canst  not,  cardinal,  devise  a  name 
So  slight,  unworthy,  and  ridiculous, 
To  charge  me  to  an  answer,  as  the  pope. 
Tell  him  this  tale :  and  from  the  mouth  of  England, 
Add  thus  much  more, — That  no  Italian  priest 
Shall  tithe  or  toll  in  our  dominions ; 
But  as  we  under  heaven  are  supreme  head, 
So,  under  him,  that  great  supremacy, 
Where  we  do  reign,  we  will  alone  uphold, 
Without  the  assistance  of  a  mortal  hand : 
So  tell  the  pope ;  all  reverence  set  apart, 
To  him,  and  his  usurp'd  authority. 

Pand.  Then,  by  the  lawful  power  that  I  have, 
Thou  shalt  stand  curst,  and  excommunicate : 
And  blessed  shall  he  be,  that  doth  revolt 
From  his  allegiance  to  an  heretic ; 
And  meritorious  shall  that  hand  be  call'd, 
Canonized,  and  worshipp'd  as  a  saint, 
That  takes  away  by  any  secret  course 
Thy  hateful  life."  ' 

When  Mr.  Butler  says  "  nothing  can  exceed  the 
skill  with  which  Griffith  (Hen.  VIII.')  draws  the 
panegyric  of  Wolsey,"  and  that  "  the  ecclesiastic 
is  never  presented  by  Shakspeare  in  a  degrading 
point,"  he  skilfully,  I  should  be  sorry  to  say  wil- 
fully, omits  to  notice  the  character  which  Queen 
Katherine  in  the  same  scene  draws  of  the  ambi- 
tious prelate.  I  will  only  quote  one  passage  from 
this  drama,  though  so  many  others  appear,  which 
convinced  me  that  no  sincere  and  consistent 
Roman  Catholic  could  have  written  so  disparag- 
ingly of  the  pope  himself  and  of  his  representa- 
tives as  Shakspeare  has  done,  without  incurring 
excommunication  by  "  bell,  book,  and  candle." 

Henry  VIII.,  Act  IV.  Sc.  2.  (Dialogue  between, 
Queen  Katherine  and  Griffith  on  Cardinal  Wol- 
sey's  last  moments.) 

"  Kath.  So  may  he  rest ;  his  faults  lie  gently  on  him ! 
And  yet  with  charity,  —  He  was  a  man 
Of  an  unbounded  stomach,  ever  ranking 
Himself  with  princes ;  one,  that  by  suggestion 
Tied  all  the  kingdom :  simony  was  fair  play ; 
His  own  opinion  was  his  law;  I 'the  presence 
He  would  say  untruths ;  and  be  ever  double, 
Both  in  his  words  and  meaning :  He  was  never, 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


87 


But  where  he  meant  to  ruin,  pitiful : 
His  promises  were,  as  he  then  was,  mighty ; 
But  his  performance,  as  he  is  now,  nothing. 
Of  his  own  body  he  was  ill,  and  gave 
The  clergy  ill  example. 

Griffith.  Noble  madam, 

Men's  evil  manners  live  in  brass ;  their  virtues 
We  write  in  water."  , 

I  could  have  selected  passages  from  other 
dramas  of  Shakspeare,  Titus  Andronicus,  Much 
Ado  about  Nothing,  and  All's  Well  that  ends  Well, 
in  which  he  reflects  upon  the  principles  of  popery  ; 
but  I  think  I  have  quoted  sufficient  to  convince 
any  unprejudiced  mind,  that,  if  ever  Shakspeare 
was  a  Roman  Catholic,  he  had  renounced  that 
religion  and  become  a  Protestant.  J.  M.  G. 

Worcester. 


Marrow-bones  and  Cleavers.  —  Is  anything 
known  of  the  origin  of  the  custom  which  obtains 
occasionally  at  weddings,  viz.,  the  attendance  in 
the  evening  at  the  house  of  the  bride  of  a  number 
of  butchers,  armed  with  "  marrow-bones  and 
cleavers,"  on  which  they  "  discourse  music"  (?) 
until  bought  off?  Hogarth  introduces  them  in 
his  plate  of  the  "  Industrious  'Prentice  married  to 
his  Master's  Daughter."  I  believe  it  is  considered 
rather  complimentary  than  otherwise.  I  have 
looked  through  the  indices  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  but  can 
find  no  reference  to  it  in  any  way.  Any  inform- 
ation will  much  oblige  S.  JOHN  R. 

^  William  de  Northie.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  any  information  respecting  William  de 
Northie,  who  is  mentioned  by  Wiffen  as  accom- 
panying Richard  I.  in  his  expedition  to  the  Holy 
Land.  Are  his  descendants  known  ?  If  so,  where 
located,  and  what  arms  do  they  bear  ?  MARTYN. 

Editor  of  Hobbes'  Works.  —  Can  you  inform  me 
who  was  the  editor  of  the  folio  edition  of  the 
Moral  and  Political  Works  of  Thomas  Hobbes  of 
Malmesbury,  never  before  collected  together, 
printed  at  London,  1750?  The  Latin  Life,  by 
Dr.  Blackbourne,  was  translated,  and  farther  il- 
lustrated by  that  editor,  with  historical  and  cri- 
tical remarks.  The  illustrations  are  valuable.  The 
student  of  Hobbes  must  wish  to  know  their  author. 
Your  assistance,  and  that  of  your  correspondents, 
will  oblige.  E.  T. 

English  Bishops'  Mitres. — The  bishops  of  the 
Church  of  England  wore  their  mitres,  unless  I  am 
misinformed,  at  the  coronation  of  George  II.,  but 
did  not  at  that  of  George  III.  Why  was  the  use 
of  these  episcopal  insignia  discontinued  ?  Are  any 
of  the  ancient  mitres  of  our  prelates  preserved, 
and  where  ?  And  of  what  materials  are  they 
made  ?  WM.  ERASER,  B.C.L. 


Notaries.  —  Can  any  of  your  Notators  furnish 
me  with  some  notes  upon  Notaries,  more  especially 
quotations  from  old  writers,  such  as  the  following  : 

" .        .        .        .    Besides,  I  know  thou  art 
A  public  notary,  and  such  stand  at  law 
For  a  dozen  witnesses :  the  deed  being  drawn  too 
By  thee,  my  careful  Marrall,  and  delivered 
When  thou  wast  present,  will  make  good  my  title." 
New  Way  to  Pay  Old  Debts. 

"  So  I  but  your  recorder  am  in  this, 
Or  mouth  and  speaker  of  the  universe, 
A  ministerial  notary."  —  Donne. 

"  Go  with  me  to  a  notary,  seal  me  there  your 
Single  bond." — Merchant  of  Venice. 

"  And  bad  Gyle  go  gyve  gold  all  aboute, 
Namelich  to  notaries  than  non  of  'hem  faille." 

Piers  Plouhman's  Vision. 

The  poll-tax  on  a  notary  in  the  reign  of 
Richard  II.  was  twenty  shillings,  whilst  that  on 
an  attorney  was  only  six  and  eightpence.  Query, 
Was  this  considered  an  ad-valorem  tax  ? 

In  Waller's  Monumental  Brasses  are  some  in- 
teresting notes,  but  this  is  almost  the  only  collec- 
tion with  which  I  am  acquainted. 

When  were  notarial  seals  first  brought  into 
use  ?  In  the  fourteenth  century,  the  English 
notaries  appear  to  have  adopted  the  plan  still 
followed  by  their  brethren  in  Spain  at  this  day. 
In  place  of  the  official  seal,  they  drew  a  very 
elaborate  pen-and-ink  device,  which  was  known  as 
the  "  notary's  mark."  A  NOTARY. 

Bloody  Thursday. — The  Thursday  before  Easter 
is  called  "  Bloody  Thursday "  by  some  in  North- 
umberland. Is  the  appellation  common  ?  J.  H.  B. 

Caynton  House,  near  Shiffiiall. — Will  any  of 
your  readers  who  may  have  access  to  a  history  of 
the  county  of  Shropshire,  kindly  inform  me,  or 
put  me  in  the  way  of  learning,  when  Caynton 
House,  near  Shiffnal,  in  Shropshire,  was  built,  and 
by  whom?  Also,  into  whose  possession  it  has 
now  fallen  ?  Any  other  particulars  connected 
with  it  would  also  be  very  acceptable.  Is  there 
any  good  history  of  the  county  in  which  I  am 
likely  to  find  the  information  I  require  ?  SALOP. 

Can  a  Man  speak  after  he  is  dead?  — 

"  I  remember  to  have  seen  the  heart  of  a  man  who  was 
embowelled  as  a  traitor,  which,  being  thrown  into  the 
fire  according  to  custom,  leaped  out  at  first  a  foot  and  a 
half,  and  then  less  by  degrees  for  the  space,  to  the  best  of 
my  remembrance,  of  seven  or  eight  minutes.  Ancient 
tradition,  and  worthy  of  credit  it  is,  of  a  man  who  was 
embowelled  in  pursuance  of  that  kind  of  punishment 
above-mentioned :  after  his  heart  was  entirely  torn  out  of 
his  body,  and  in  the  hand  of  the  executioner,  he  was  heard  to 
say  three  or  four  words  of  prayer." — Vide  Lord  Bacon's 
Works,  Historia  Vitee  et  Mortis,  fol.  edit.,  1740,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  178,  179. 

w.  w. 

Malta. 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


Rev.  Lewis  Lewis.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  ine  any  information  respecting  the  Rev. 
Lewis  Lewis,  who  was  chaplain  to  the  British 
residents  at  Cronstadt  or  Petersburg  some  time  in 
the  last  century  ?  I  have  understood  that  he  died 
on  his  passage  to  England,  and  was  buried  at 
Yarmouth.  If  so,  is  there  any  monument  to  him 
in  the  church  or  churchyard  there  ?  E.  H.  A. 

Iris  and  Lily.  —  Will  you  or  some  of  your  cor- 
respondents explain  to  me  the  origin  of  the  con- 
fusion between  the  iris  and  the  lily  in  the  shield 
of  France  ?  The  fieur-de-lys  is  evidently  designed 
from  the  iris,  which  plant  is  commonly  called 
"  Flower-de-luce."  Old  Gwillim  says  of  the  fieur- 
de-lys  : 

"  This  flower  is,  in  Latine,  called  Iris,  for  that  it  some- 
what resembleth  the  colour  of  the  rainebow.  Some  of  the 
French  confound  this  with  the  lily,"  &c. 

We  never  hear  of  anything  but  the  lilies  of 
France.  It  is  not  unusual,  I  believe,  to  draw  the 
fleur-de-lys  as  an  emblem  of  the  blessed  Virgin, 
where  again  it  must  be  intended  for  a  lily  and  not 
an  iris. 

Again,  why  is  the  iris  called  a  "flower-de-luce  ?" 
Why  is  a  pike  called  a  "  luce  ?  "  IBIS. 

Daughter  of  O' fifelachlin,  King  of  Meath.  — 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me  of  the 
name  of  the  daughter  of  O'Melachlin,  King  of 
Meath ;  who,  in  her  rejection  of  the  advances  of 
Turgesius  the  Dane,  was  instrumental  in  ridding 
Ireland  of  the  northern  pirates  who  infested  the 
country  about  the  middle  of  the  ninth  century. 

liOGER  O'MOOBE. 

Dublin. 

"A  Dog  with  a  bad  Name."  —  The  Com- 
mentarii  de  Scriptoribus  Britannicis,  published 
by  Anthony  Hall,  from  Leland's  manuscript, 
Oxford,  1709,  2  vols.  8vo.,  does  not  bear  a 
good  character.  The  origin  of  this  seems  to  be, 
that  Aubrey's  Surrey  (if  such  a  figure  of  quota- 
tion be  admissible)  says  that  it  is  full  of  gross 
errors  and  omissions,  and  that  the  Biographia 
Britannica  quotes  this  opinion  of  Aubrey  without 
any  remark.  Has  any  one  supported  this  criti- 
cism by  instances  ?  —  that  is,  has  any  one  pointed 
out  either  error  or  omission,  which  must  be 
charged  on  Anthony  Hall,  and  not  on  Leland 
himself?  M. 

Norfolk  Superstition.  — Having  had  three  deaths 
in  my  parish  lately,  I  was  gravely  informed  at  the 
last  funeral  that  it  was  not  to  be  wondered  at,  as 
the  first  two  corpses  were  quite  limp  till  the  time 
of  their  burial.  Can  any  of  your  readers  inform 
me  whether  the  same  opinion  exists  in  other  parts 
of  the  country  ?  A.  SUTTON, 

Rector  of  West  Tofts,  Norfolk. 


<gtuerte£  tufffj 

Trail-baton.  —  Among  the  arbitrary  measures 
which  were  introduced  into  England  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  III.,  Hume  (Hist,  of  England,  vol.  ii. 
p.  490.)  mentions  "  the  renewal  of  the  commission 
of  trail-baton."  Will  you  kindly  inform  me  what 
is  the  meaning  of  "  trail-baton  ?  " 

F.  M.  MIDDLE-TON. 

\_  Justices  of  trail-boston  were  magistrates  appointed  by 
Edward  I.  during  his  absence  in  the  Scotch  and  French 
wars.  They  were  so  styled,  says  Hollinshed,  for  trailing 
or  drawing  the  staff  of  justice;  or  for  their  summary  pro- 
ceeding, according  to  Sir  Edward  Coke,  who  tells  us  they 
were  in  a  manner  justices  in  eyre ;  and  it  is  said  they  had 
a  baston,  or  staff,  delivered  to  them  as  the  badge  of  their 
office ;  so  that  whoever  was  brought  before  them  was 
trails  ad  baston,  traditus  ad  baculum  :  whereupon  they  had 
the  name  of  justices  de  trail  baston,  or  j usticiarii  ad  tra- 
hendum  offendentes  ad  baculum  vel  baston.  Their  office  was 
to  make  inquisition  through  the  kingdom  on  all  officers 
and  others,  touching  extortion,  bribery,  and  such-like 
grievances ;  of  intruders  into  other  men's  lands,  barretors, 
robbers,  and  breakers  of  the  peace,  and  divers  other  of- 
fenders ;  by  means  of  which  inquisitions  some  were 
punished  with  death,  many  by  ransom,  and  the  rest 
flying  the  realm,  the  land  was  quieted,  and  the  king 
gained  riches  towards  th"e  support  of  his  wars. — Matthew 
of  Westminster,  anno  1305.  See,  farther,  a  paper  by  Mr. 
Foss  in  Proceedings  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  voL  i. 
p.  312.,  who  shows  that  the  traile-bastons  were  outlaws  so 
designated,  and  that  the  justices  of  traile-baston  were  a 
species  of  itinerant  judges,  whose  office  continued  in  this 
country  from  33  Edw.  I.,  A.D.  1305,  to  16  Rich.  II.,  when 
the  commissions  appointing  such  judges  were  discon- 
tinued.] 

Saying  of  Voltaire. — Chancing  to  meet  with 
a  late  number  of  Eliza  Cook's  Journal,  I  read  the 
following  in  an  editorial  article  : 

"  '  Your  sermon,'  said  a  great  critic  to  a  great  preacher 
(both  were  eloquent  men)  'was  very  fine;  but  had  it 
been  only  half  the  length,  it  would  have  produced  twice 
the  impression.'  « You  are  quite  right,'  was  the  reply ; 
'  but,  the  fact  is,  I  received  but  sudden  notice  to  preach, 
and  therefore  I  had  not  the  time  to  make  my  sermon  short.' " 

I  have  seen  this  sentiment  attributed  to  Vol- 
taire, who  is  reported  to  have  apologised  for 
writing  a  long  letter  on  the  ground  that  he  had 
not  the  time  to  write  a  short  one.  But  are  not 
both  these  anecdotes  borrowed  from  classical 
literature  ?  Is  not  the  "  saying  of  Voltaire"  to  be 
found  in  Pliny's  Letters  ?  CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

[Our  correspondent  is  perfectly  correct  in  his  conjec- 
ture ;  a  similar  sentiment  occurs  in  Pliny's  Letters,  lib.  i. 
epist.  xx.  :  "  Ex  his  apparet,  ilium  permulta  dixisse ; 
quum  ederet,  omisisse ;  .  .  .  .  ne  clubitare  possimus,  quae 
per  plures  dies,  ut  necesse  erat,  latius  dixerit,  postea  re- 
cisa  ac  purgata,  in  unum  librum,  grandem  quidem,  unum 
tamen,  coarctasse." — "From  this  it  is  evident  that  he 
said  very  much ;  but,  when  he  was  publishing,  he  omitted 
very  much  ;  ....  so  that  we  ma}7  not  doubt  that  what 
he  said  more  diffusely,  as  he  was  at  the  time  forced  to  do, 
having  afterwards  retrenched  and  corrected,  he  condensed 
into  one  single  book  ;  "  the  condensation  and  revision  re- 
quiring more  time  and  thought  than  the  first  production, 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


89 


— "  limse  labor  et  mora,"  as  Horace  justly  styles  such  a 
process.] 

The  Everlasting  Society  of  Eccentrics,  1803. — 
At  a  meeting  at  Lloyd's  Coffee  House,  as  it  was 
then  styled,  held  July  20,  1803,  a  Patriotic  Fund 
was  established  for  the  "  encouragement  and  relief 
of  those  engaged  in  the  defence  of  the  country," 
to  which  the  mercantile  classes  and  public  bodies 
largely  subscribed,  and  from  which  votes  were 
made  and  honours  paid  to  gallant  actions  by  sea 
or  land.  In  looking  through  the  list  of  contri- 
butors I  find  the  sum  of  760/.  "from  the  women 
of  England ; "  several  royal  academicians,  as  Cos- 
way,  Copley,  Flaxman.  Rigaud  Tresham,  James 
Wyatt,  John  Yenn  Bourgeois,  and  Beechey,  gave 
ten  guineas  each.  The  theatres,  London  and 
provincial,  came  forward  with  benefits  ;  and  in 
towns  probably  no  longer  maintaining  the  sock 
and  buskin,  as,  for  example,  Spalding,  or  "  Thea- 
tre Wallis  Grove,  Spring  Gardens."  I  see  also 
the  name  of  that  scarcely-remembered  "  canta- 
trice,"  Signora  Storace,  for  2 \l.  Out  of  all  these 
topics  of  more  or  less  interest,  I  venture  to  make 
but  one  Query :  Has  the  Everlasting  Society  of 
Eccentrics  wandered  from  its  sphere  ?  Has  it  the 
intrinsic  qualities  it  gave  evidence  of  in  subscrib- 
ing 2 1 1.  to  the  Patriotic  Fund  ?  Has  it  even  exist- 
ence or  subsistence  ?  J.  H.  A. 

[The  Eccentrics,  a  convivial  club  so  called,  was  an 
offshoot  of  the  Brilliants,  which  met  at  a  tavern  about 
1796,  kept  by  one  Fulham,  in  Chandos  Street,  Covent 
Garden.  The  Eccentrics  met  at  Tom  Rees's  in  May 
Buildings,  St.  Martin's  Lane,  circa  1800.  This  club  has 
numbered,  since  its  commencement,  upwards  of  40,000 
members  of  the  bans  vivants  of  the  metropolis,  many  of 
them  holding  a  high  social  position :  among  others,  Fox, 
Sheridan,  Lord  Melbourne,  Lord  Brougham,  &c.  may  be 
mentioned.  Its  character  was  always  held  in  such  high 
consideration,  that  they  were  treated  with  great  indul- 
gence by  the  authorities.  There  is  an  inaugural  ceremony 
gone  through  when  a  new  member  is  made,  which  termi- 
nates with  a  jubilation  from  the  president.  The  books  of 
the  club,  up  to  the  time  of  its  removal  to  its  present  quar- 
ters, are  in  the  possession  of  the  executors  of  the  late  Mr. 
Lloyd  the  hatter :  they  are  of  much  interest,  as  containing 
the  autograph  names  and  addresses  of  all  the  members. 
The  club  at  the  present  day  meets  on  Friday  evenings  at 
the  Green  Dragon  Tavern,  Fleet  Street,  and  comprises 
among  its  members  many  celebrities  of  the  literary  and 
political  world.] 

Life  of  Vandyke. — Do  we  possess  any  good  life 
of  Vandyke  in  German  or  English  ?  E.  M.  F. 

[The  following  work  was  published  in  1844:  —  Pictorial 
Notices  :  consisting  of  a  Memoir  of  Sir  Anthony  Van  Dyck, 
with  a  descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Etchings  executed  by 
him :  and  a  variety  of  interesting  particulars  relating  to 
other  Artists  patronised  by  Charles  I.,  collected  from  ori- 
ginal documents  in  Her  Majesty's  State-Paper  Office,  the 
Office  of  Public  Records,  and  other  sources,  by  William 
Hookham  Carpenter,  4to.] 

Early  German  History  of  Painters. — Can  any 
of  your  correspondents  inform  me  whether  there 


is  any  German  work  on  the  early  painters  of  Ger- 
many, of  the  same  kind  as  Vasari's  Lives  of  the 
Italian  Painters  and  Sculptors  f  E.  M.  F. 

[Consult  Universal  Lexikon,  von  H.  A.  Pierre,  art.  MA- 
LEKEI,  band  xviii.  p.  339.  Also,  Geschichte  der  zeichnen- 
den  Kilnste  in  Deutschland  und  den  vereinigten  Nieder- 
landen,  von  Jo.  Domin.  Fiorillo,  4  bde.  8vo.  Hannov. 

1815-20.] 

Crivelli  the  Painter.  —  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents furnish  me  with  any  notice  of  an  early 
Italian  painter,  Crivelli  ?  OXONIENSIS. 

[There  were  four  Italian  painters  of  this  name :  1.  An- 
giol  Maria,  called  II  Crivellone,  who  died  about  1730. 
2.  Jacapo,  his  son,  died  1760.  3.  Cav.  Carlo  Crivelli,  a 
Venetian,  painted  in  1476.  4.  Vittorio  Crivelli,  also  a 
Venetian.  In  the  Antichita  Picene,  torn.  xxix.  and  xxx., 
mention  is  made  of  his  paintings  of  the  dates  1489  and  1490. 
See  notices  of  each  in  Lanzi's  History  of  Painting  in 
Italy.'] 

Life  of  Mendelssohn. — Is  there  any  life  of  Men- 
delssohn besides  Benedict's  short  sketch  yet  pub- 
lished, or  in  progress  ?  E.  M.  F. 

[The  following  work  was  published  in  1848  at  Leipsic: 
— Felix  Mendelssohn- Bartholdy.  Ein  Denkmal  fur  seine 
freunde,  von  Werner  Arthur  Lampadius,  12mo.  pp.  218.] 


EBULLITION   OF   FEELING. 

(Vol.x.,  p.  61.) 
H.  D.  says : 

"  Our  own  Wellington,  on  hearing  that  Marmont  was 
crossing  the  Douro,  rose  hastily  from  his  seat,  overturned 
his  table,  and  broke  the  utensils  thereon  arranged  for  his 
own  repast." 

I  can  give  this  statement  the  most  decided 
contradiction ;  and  I  can  also  state  the  circum- 
stance which,  no  doubt,  gave  rise  to  the  fable 
of  so  uncharacteristic  an  "  ebullition  of  temper." 
It  was  on  July  22,  1812.  The  Duke  was  on 
horseback  at  an  early  hour  watching  Marmont'a 
movements  (not  on,  or  near,  the  Douro,  but  be- 
hind the  Arapiles  hills,  near  the  Tormes),  and 
anxiously  directing  his  own  army,  which  was 
marching  on  a  parallel  line  to  Marmont.  The 
Duke  had  resolved,  that  if  Marmont  should  so 
extend  his  line  as  to  pass  those  hills,  he  would 
attack  him,  which  he  had  been  long  wishing  to 
do ;  and  he  directed  the  officers  of  the  right 
division  of  his  army  to  keep  a  sharp  look  out,  and 
to  apprise  him  immediately  if  the  enemy  should 
appear  beyond  the  hills.  This  was  about  one 
o'clock :  and,  far  from  being  at  table  when  Mar- 
mont moved,  neither  the  Duke  nor  his  staff  had 
yet  breakfasted  ;  but  now,  while  waiting  for  the 
report  of  the  enemy's  movement,  the  staff  alighted 
and  sat  down  on  the  ground  to  have  some  cold 
meat,  the  Duke  continuing  on  horseback.  He  got 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


to  his  share  of  this  breakfast  a  piece  of  bread  and 
the  leg  of  a  cold  fowl ;  which  he  was  eating 
without  knife  or  fork,  when  an  officer  rode  up 
with  the  report  that  the  enemy  was  visible  beyond 
the  specified  point.  Upon  which  the  Duke  threw 
the  half-eaten  leg  of  the  fowl  over  his  shoulder, 
and  galloped  away  :  the  rest  following  as  soon  as 
they  could  mount.  This  was  about  two  o'clock, 
and  the  battle  was  decided  in  two  or  three  hours  ; 
but  it  was  not  till  late  in  the  evening  that  the 
Duke  was  out  of  the  saddle  that  whole  day. 

I  take  this  occasion  of  recurring  to  a  former 
communication  about  the  Duke's  having  said 
"  Up  guards,  and  at  them ! "  I  have  not  the 
volumes  of  "  ]N".  &  Q."  at  hand,  and  cannot  there- 
fore refer  to  volumes  and  pages ;  but  I  recollect 
that  your  last  correspondent  produced  against  my 
statements  (made  from  the  Duke's  own  lips)  two 
letters  alleged  to  have  been  written  by  the  late 
Lieut.-Col.  Batty,  which  would  not  have  decided 
the  question ;  as  it  does  not  appear  that  the  writer 
was  near  the  Duke,  or  in  a  position  to  have  heard 
whatever  he  did  say:  but  the  latter  were  not 
written  by  Col.  Batty,  then  an  ensign,  who  was 
wounded  early  in  the  day,  and  could  not  by  any 
possibility  have  been  in  the  circumstances  of  the 
writer  of  the  letters,  who  evidently  was  only  re- 
peating the  gossip  of  the  army,  and  not  any 
observation  of  his  own.  C. 


KING  JAMES'S  IRISH  ABMY  LIST,  1689. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  544.) 

As  I  only  receive  "  N.  &  Q."  monthly,  I  did 
not  arrive  at  the  above  page  of  the  last  June 
Number  until  this  day,  or  I  should  have  earlier 
replied  to  C.'s  kind  remark  and  suggestions,  j 
am  quite  aware  of  King's  State  of  the  Protestants, 
and  have  noted  it  off,  wherever  it  contained  names 
or  facts  applicable  to  the  plan  of  my  proposed 
"Family  Illustrations;"  but  a  short  extract  from 
Colonel  O'Kelly's  Macdria  Excidium  (p.  150.) 
will  show  that  Sheldon,  a  lieutenant-colonel  in 
my  "  Army  List,"  was  identical  with  the  lieut.- 
general  of  Dr.  King  : 

"  This  Scilla  (Sheldon)  was  a  Cilician  (Englishman)  by 
birth,  of  the  worship  of  Delphos  (Rome).  He  was 
brought  into  Cyprus  (Ireland)  by  Corydon  (Tyrconnel),  in 
the  first  year  of  the  reign  of  Amasis  (James  II.),  and  by 
him  made  the  captain  of  a  company  of  men  at  arms.  He 
advanced  him  afterwards  to  be  his  tinder-Tribune  (Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel), to  command  his  Legion  (Regiment)  in 
his  own  absence ;  and  by  his  uncontrollable  power  with 
Amasis  (James  II.),  he  procured  for  him  a  Commission 
to  be  one  of  the  GENERAL  Officers,  though  still  a  Sub- 
Tribune  (Lieutenant-Colonel) ;  and  got  his  commission 
dated  before  that  of  Lysander  (Sarsfield),  whom  he  de- 
signed to  undermine."., 

He  is  accordingly  styled  General  Sheldon  by 
Norris  in  the  Earl  of  Westmeath's  Letter  of 


August  22,  1749, — in  O'Conor's  Military  Me- 
moirs,—  and  lieutenant-general  in  King,  as  cited 
by  C.  I  have  very  many  notes  collected  concern- 
ing him,  but  my  Queries  of  his  lineage  remain 
unsolved  ;  yet  I  am  inclined  to  think  he  was  of  the 
English  house  of  Brailes,  and  connected  with  the 
family  of  the  present  Viscount  Dillon,  to  whom  I 
directed  a  special  inquiry,  but  received  no  reply. 
After  the  Revolution,  he  had  the  command  of  a 
brigade  in  the  French  service  as  colonel :  his  regi- 
ment was  pre-eminently  styled  "  the  King's,"  i.  e. 
James  II.'s.  He  so  distinguished  himself  in  1701 
against  the  Baron  de  Mercy,  that  the  French 
monarch  gave  him  the  rank  of  lieutenant-general 
in  his  service.  In  1702,  Sheldon's  Horse  was 
distinguished  against  Prince  Eugene ;  in  1 703, 
against  the  Imperialists  under  Visconti,  when  he 
was  wounded ;  subsequently,  in  the  army  of  the 
Rhine,  and  at  the  battle  of  Spire,  where  he  was 
again  wounded.  The  name  of  his  brigade  was 
after  some  years  changed  to  "Nugent's;"  again, 
in  1733,  to  "  Fitz- James's,"  and  was  disbanded  in 
1763. 

If  C.  would  look  to  my  Prospectus,  as  some 
months  since  in  "  K".  #  Q.,"  he  would  see  that  I 
confine  my  present  labours  exclusively  to  the  Jaco- 
bites and  Cavaliers.  Of  these  I  have  upwards  of 
four  hundred  families  represented  in  the  Army 
List,  and  to  the  illustration  of  their  names  must  my 
work  be  confined.  The  attainders  in  King  James's 
Parliament  would  open  a  quite  different  character 
of  genealogies,  but  one  well  worthy  of  distinct 
exposition. 

C.  is  apprehensive  that  my  publication  will  be 
delayed :  when  I  issued  my  Prospectus,  I  little 
thought  it  would  be  so  long  unadopted.  There  is 
however  now  subscribed  a  sum  of  8Gl.  towards 
the  required  indemnity  fund  of  200?.,  and  two 
hundred  copies  are  engaged  of  the  five  hundred 
expected.  The  moment  the  indemnity  fund  is 
made  up,  I  am  ready  to  put  to  press.  And  while 
I  earnestly  solicit  such  aid  of  MSS.  as  may,  more 
than  any  exertions  of  mine,  make  the  volume  a  gem, 
I  a^ain  offer  to  answer  any  inquiries  as  to  names  in 
the  List  that  may  be  put  to  me.  JOHN 

48.  Summer  Hill,  Dublin. 


WARBURTON'S  EDITION  or  POPE. 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  41.) 

MR.  MARKLAND  says : 

"  We  are  told  by  Walpole  that  Warburton's  edition  of 
Pope  had  waited  because  he  had  cancelled  abore  a  hun- 
dred sheets  (in  which  he  had  inserted  notes)  since  the 
publication  of  the  Canons  of  Criticism.  —  Letters,  i.  232." 

I  doubt  not  that  MR.  MARKLAND  is  correct  in 
his  reference ;  but  I  do  not  find  the  passage  at 
vol.  i.  p.  232.,  either  of  the  edition  of  Walpole's 
Letters  in  6  vols.  (1840) ;  in  Letters  to  Mason, 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


91 


2  vols.  (1851) ;  to  Mann,  4  vols.  (1843)  ;  to 
Countess  of  Ossory,  2  vols.  (1848).  I  however 
am  quite  willing  to  assume  the  accuracy  of  the 
quotation*,  and  desire  only  to  draw  attention  to 
the  astounding  assertion  that  Warburton  cancelled 
above  jive  octavo  volumes  out  of  nine :  and  even 
to  get  at  this  limitation,  he  must  have  "inserted 
notes"  in  every  page,  and  the  whole  work  been 
printed  before  he  began  cancelling ;  for  "  above 
a  hundred  sheets"  is  above  sixteen  hundred  pages, 
•which,  at  three  hundred  pages  a  volume,  about 
the  average  of  Warburton,  is  above  five  volumes ! 
There  is  indeed  a  mystery  about  the  printing 
this  edition,  to  which  I  wish  to  draw  attention. 
Walpole's  statement,  or  the  reasonable  deduction 
from  it,  that  it  was  printed  by  Warburton  after 
Pope's  death,  is  contrary  to  the  received  ^opinion 
of  the  editors  of  Pope's  Works.  Mr.  Carruthers 
tells  us  that  Pope  "  had  prepared  a  complete  edi- 
tion of  his  works,  assisted  by  Warburton,  and  it 
was  nearly  all  printed  off"  before  his  death."  I 
doubt  this ;  and  the  question  is  too  important  to 
remain  with  a  doubt  on  it ;  for  the  editors,  from 
Warton  to  Carruthers,  having  interpreted  certain 
signs  by  certain  words  in  Warburton's  edition, 
assume  the  signs  to  signify  that  the  notes  were 
written  by  Pope  himself,  and  have  therefore 
affixed  his  name  to  them.  That  Pope  contem- 
plated such  an  edition  is  quite  certain.  In  a 
letter  to  Warburton,  Sept.  20,  1741,  he  wrote  : 

"  If  I  can  prevail  on  myself  to  complete  the  Dunciad,  it 
will  be  published  at  the  same  time  with  a  general  edition  of 
all  my  verses  (for  poems  I  will  not  call  them),  and  I  hope 
your  friendship  to  me  will  be  then  as  well  known  as  my 
being  an  author,  and  go  down  together  to  posterity." 

The  Dunciad  was  completed,  and  was  published, 
not  with  a  general  edition,  but  separately.  Pope 
too,  I  infer,  subsequently  published,  or  printed, 
an  edition  of  his  Ethic  Epistles,  and  distributed 
copies  amongst  his  friends.  These  are  the  few 
facts  I  remember,  bearing  on  the  subject ;  but  I 
shall  be  glad  to  hear  what  those  have  to  say  on  it 
who  have  better  memories,  or  are  better  informed. 

Warburton  was  no  doubt  anxious  to  give  au- 
thority to  his  edition  of  1751 ;  he  therefore  stated 
the  case  as  to  Pope's  supervision  as  strongly  as 
he  could,  with  a  clear  conscience;  but  he  says 
nothing  that  would  lead  me  to  infer  that  the 
edition  of  1751  "was  nearly  all  printed  off"  in 
Pope's  lifetime.  The  reason,  indeed,  which  he 
gives  for  having  delayed  the  publication  so  long, 
would  have  been  equally  influential  had  Pope 
been  living : 

"  Mr.  Pope,  at  his  death,  had  left  large  impressions  of 
several  parts  of  his  works  unsold  .  .  .  and  the  editor  was 
willing  they  [the  executors]  should  have  time  to  dispose 
of  them  to  the  best  advantage,  before  the  publication  of 

[*  The  passage  occurs  in  a  letter  to  Geo.  Montagu,  Esq., 
dated  June  13,  1751,  in  the  Private  Correspondence  of 
Horace  Walpole,  vol.  i.  p.  232.,  4  vols.,  1820.] 


this  edition  (which  hath  been  long  prepared)  should  put 
a  stop  to  the  sale." 

"Prepared"  does  not  mean  printed:  indeed, 
why  should  a  work  be  printed  before,  and  years 
before,  it  was  to  be  offered  for  sale  ?  From 
another  statement  by  Warburton,  it  is  impossible 
to  believe  that  even  a  single  page  of  that  edition 
had  gone  to  press  at  the  time  of  Pope's  death  : 

"The  first  volume,  and  the  original  poems  in  tho 
second,  are  here  first  printed  from  a  copy  corrected 
throughout  by  the  author  himself,  even  to  the  very  pre- 
face: which,  with  several  additional  notes  in  his  own 
hand,  he  delivered  to  the  editor  a  little  before  his  death. 
The  juvenile  translations,  in  the  other  part  of  the  second 
volume,  it  was  never  his  intention  to  bring  into  this  edition 
of  his  Works  .  .  .  But  these  being  the  property  of  other 
men,  the  editor  had  it  not  in  his  power  to  follow  the  author'* 
intention." 

There  are  other  passages  bearing  on  this  sub- 
ject, and  some  in  seeming  contradiction ;  but  I 
need  not  produce  them  until  the  subject  has  been 
considered  by  your  correspondents.  M.  M.  K. 


MAY-DAT    CUSTOM. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  516.) 

In  answer  to  the  Query  of  HENRIETTA  M.  COLE, 
as  to  a  Huntingdonshire  May-day  custom,  I  may 
observe,  that  the  doll  of  which  she  speaks  is  in- 
tended to  represent  Flora.  For  the  last  three 
May-days  I  have  been  in  Huntingdonshire,  and 
have  made  sketches  of  the  May  Queen  and  her  at- 
tendants, the  May-garland,  and  the  after-sport  of 
throwing  at  the  garland.  In  Norfolk,  and  else- 
where, the  garlands  are  literal  garlands,  formed  of 
hoops  wreathed  with  evergreens  and  flowers ;  but, 
in  Huntingdonshire,  the  "  garland"  is  of  a  pyra- 
midal shape,  in  this  respect  resembling  the  old 
"milk-maid's  garland."  On  referring  to  my 
sketches  of  it,  I  find  that  the  crown  of  the  garland 
is  composed  of  tulips,  anemones,  cowslips,  king- 
cups, meadow- orchis,  wall-flowers,  primroses, 
crown-imperials,  lilacs,  laburnums,  and  as  many 
roses  and  bright  flowers  of  all  descriptions  as  can 
be  pressed  into  the  service.  These,  with  the  ad- 
dition of  green  boughs,  are  made  into  a  huge 
pyramidal  nosegay ;  from  the  front  of  which  a 
gaily  dressed  doll  (Madame  Flora)  stares  vacantly 
at  her  admirers.  From  the  base  of  the  nosegay 
hang  ribbons,  pieces  of  silk,  handkerchiefs,  and 
any  other  gay-coloured  fabric  that  can  be  bor- 
rowed for  the  occasion.  The  "  garland"  is  borne 
by  the  two  maids-of-honour  to  the  May  Queen  (her 
majesty,  in  respect  of  a  train,  being  like  the  old 
woman  cut  shorter,  of  the  nursery  song),  who 
place  their  hands  beneath  the  nosegay,  and  allow 
the  gay-coloured  streamers  to  fall  towards  the 
ground.  The  garland  is  thus  from  four  to  five 
feet  in  height.  The  sovereignty  of  "  The  Queen 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


o'  the  May "  is  not  hereditary,  but  elective :  her 
majesty  being  annually  chosen  by  her  school- 
fellows in  the  morning,  and  (such  is  the  fickleness 
of  human  nature)  dethroned  in  the  evening.  My 
sketches  inform  me,  that  her  chief  symbol  of 
sovereignty  is  a  parasol,  which  she  bears  with 
grace  and  dignity.  Moreover,  she  weareth  white 
gloves,  and  carrieth  a  bag  that  displayeth  a  pocket- 
handkerchief.  She  has  a  white  veil  too ;  and 
around  her  bonnet  is  her  crown,  a  coronal  of 
flowers.  In  front  of  her  dress  is  a  bouquet ;  and 
in  two  of  my  sketches  she  wears  round  her  neck 
an  Odd  Fellows'  ribbon  and  badge — the  substi- 
tute for  the  ribbon  of  the  Garter.  You  may  be 
quite  sure  that  her  majesty  is  dressed  in  her  very 
best,  and  has  put  on  that  white  frock  for  the  first 
time  since  last  summer.  Let  us  hope  that  she 
will  have  as  merry  a  day  as  Tennyson's  May 
Queen. 

Preceding  the  maids-of-honour  with  the  gar- 
land, and  followed  by  her  attendants,  both  male 
and  female,  her  majesty  makes  the  tour  of  her 
native  place,  and,  at  the  various  houses  of  her 
subjects,  exhibits  the  charms  of  Flora  and  the 
garland.  If,  as  is  commonly  the  case,  the  regal 
procession  is  composed  of  school-children,  they 
sing  such  songs  as  may  have  been  taught  them. 
It  is  then  usual  for  loyal  subjects  to  make  a  pecu- 
niary present  to  the  May  Queen,  which  is  depo- 
sited in  her  majesty's  handkerchief-bag,  and  will 
be  expended  on  the  coronation  banquet :  a  feast 
which  will  take  place  in  the  school-room,  or  some 
large-roomed  cottage,  as  early  as  three  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon ;  when  her  majesty  will  be  graciously 
pleased  to  sit  down  in  the  midst  of  her  subjects, 
and  will  probably  quaff  at  least  ten  of  those  cups 
that  cheer  but  not  inebriate,  and  will  consume 
plum-cake  and  bread-and-butter  in  proportion. 
If  the  votive  offerings  have  been  large,  the  luxury 
of  peppermint-drops,  brandy-balls,  toffy,  and 
other  kinds  of  "  suck,"  may  be  added  to  these 
delicacies.  When  her  majesty  and  suite  have  con- 
sumed all  the  tea,  and  cake,  and  goodies,  they 
proceed  to  disport  themselves  before  the  eyes  of 
their  loving  subjects.  A  cord  has  been  drawn 
from  chimney  to  chimney,  or  from  tree  to  tree, 
across  the  village  street.  The  garland  is  sus- 
pended from  the  centre  of  it,  with  Flora  in  the 
midst ;  balls  have  been  purchased  with  a  part 
of  the  morning's  gifts ;  and  (in  the  expressive 
language  of  pantomime  bills)  "  now  the  fun  be- 
gins." The  balls  are  thrown  backwards  and  for- 
wards over  the  rope  and  garland  ;  and,  if  Flora's 
nose  is  damaged  by  a  bad  shot,  why  it  is  no  more 
than  Flora  might  expect  from  placing  herself  in 
such  a  conspicuous  and  dangerous  situation. 
Games  are  instituted  :  "  I  spy,"  "  Tick,"  "  Here 
we  go  round  the  mulberry-bush,"  "  Thread-the- 
needle,"  "  What  have  I  apprenticed  my  son  to?" 
"Blind-man's  buff;"  in  all  of  which  her  majesty, 


having  laid  aside  her  crown  and  cares  of  state, 
frolics,  "the  maddest,  merriest,"  of  all.  Per- 
chance the  "  tuneless  pipe,"  or  "  harsh-scraped 
violin,"  may  wind  up  the  sports  of  May-day  with 
a  dance,  and  send  her  majesty  to  bed,  wearied  out 
indeed,  but  happier  than  many  a  queen  who  has 
worn  a  royal  crown. 

So  much  for  May-day  in  Huntingdonshire.  In 
some  parts  of  Worcestershire,  a  garland,  similar 
to  the  May-day  one,  is  taken  about  on  May  29. 
As  May-poles  are  not  very  plentiful,  it  may  per- 
haps be  worth  mentioning,  that  the  dance  round 
the  May-pole  is  kept  up  at  the  village  of  Clent 
(near  Hagley),  Worcestershire ;  and  that,  last 
May -day,  they  — 

"  Danced  about  the  May-pole,  and  in  the  hazel-copse, 
Till   Charles's   wain   came  out    above  the  tall  white 
chimney-tops." 

COTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

[The  following  process  is  translated  from  La  Lumiere. 
The  original  communication  was  accompanied  by  pictures 
produced  by  this  process,  and  of  the  beauty  of  which  the 
editor  of  La  Lumiere  speaks  in  the  highest  terms.] 

Turpentino-wax  Paper  Process,  by  M.  I^espiaidt.  —  I 
have  the  honour  of  communicating  to  you  the  details  of  a 
dry  paper  process  which  joins,  to  the  advantage  of  long 
preservation,  that  of  easy  manipulation  and  admirable 
tones,  and  at  the  same  time  preserves  the  proofs  of  a 
proper  strength.  I  send  with  my  letter  two  proofs,  ob- 
tained by  the  aid  of  this  new  process :  one  of  them  shows 
that  green  is  not  so  rebellious  a  colour  as  is  generally 
believed  to  the  action  of  the  actinic  rays ;  and  that  by  the 
help  of  bromide  properly  proportioned,  you  can  secure 
not  only  the  forms,  but  the  very  depths  of  the  foliage. 

I  generally  use  well- selected  Saxe  or  Canson  paper.  If 
the  paper  is  full  of  little  holes,  in  consequence  of  too 
much  glazing,  1  improve  it  by  means  of  ordinary  collo- 
dion dissolved,  in  a  small  quantity,  in  alcohol  mixed  with 
a  little  ether ;  but  if  the  paper  is  good,  this  precaution 
becomes  useless. 

I  put  200  grammes  of  white  wax  in  a  litre  bottle, 
which  I  immediately  fill  completely  with  rectified  spirits 
of  turpentine.  I  have  a  larger  vessel  filled  with  water, 
heated  to  thirty  or  forty  degrees  centigrade, — a  tempera- 
ture which  can  be  easily  known  without  a  thermometer, 
and  simply  by  the  help  of  the  hand.  I  plunge  the  bottle 
almost  entirely  in  the  water,  and  leave  it  there  about  a 
quarter  of  an  hour,  shaking  it  from  time  to  time. 

I  then  take  it  out,  and  the  spirit  has  dissolved  the 
proper  quantity  of  wax.  It  ought  to  be  of  the  consistency 
of  olive  oil,  and  not  to  set  in  cooling;  if  this  happens, 
there  has  been  too  much  wax,  and  it  will  be  necessary  to 
add  a  certain  quantity  more  spirit,  and  to  warm  it  again 
to  render  the  mixture  liquid. 

The  papers  are  to  be  immersed  in  this  preparation, 
previously  filtered.  They  imbibe  it  immediately,  and 
become  transparent  like  a  glass  finely  polished ;  but  by 
the  desiccation,  they  soon  take  a  heavy  white  appearance, 
and  scarcely  appear  waxed. 

You  can  'immerse  twenty  or  thirty  sheets  together  in 
the  liquid ;  and  after  having  turned  the  whole  mass,  take 
them  out  one  by  one  and  suspend  them  by  a  corner.  The 
time  of  immersion,  is  of  little  consequence,  and  may  vary 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


93 


from  one  minute  to  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  without  any 
difference  of  any  consequence  in  the  results. 

The  sheets  thus  prepared,  being  well  dried,  are  then 
plunged  into  a  bath  of  iodide  thus  composed  ;  and  where 
they  must  be  left  for  two  hours,  in  order  that  the  wax 
may  be  well  saturated : 


Filtered  rice  water 
White  gelatine 
Sugar  of  milk 
Iodide  of  potassium 
Iodide  of  ammonium  - 
Bromide  of  potassium  - 
Chloride  of  sodium 


-  1  litre. 

6  grammes. 

-  20 

-  25       „ 

-  2 

-  4        „ 

-  2 


Fluoride  and  cyanide  of  potassium,  about  50  centi- 
grammes of  each. 

The  papers  must  then  be  dried  by  suspending  them  by 
a  corner,  and  in  this  state  they  can  be  kept  any  length 
of  time.  On  the  proportion  of  bromide  and  of  the  iodides 
depends  the  difference  in  the  results  obtained.  Without 
bromide,  the  blacks  are  too  strong,  the  colours  hard  and 
without  the  middle  tints, — an  effect  too  generally  obtained 
with  the  waxed  papers  of  M.  Le  Gray.  If  the  bromide 
predominates,  on  the  contrary,  the  proofs  are,  it  is  true, 
perfect  in  the  shadows,  but  the  lights  want  strength.  The 
proportions  given  above  appear  to  me  the  most  proper. 
Nevertheless,  if  you  want  to  take  rural  landscapes,  woods, 
and  mountains,  I  think  that  it  would  be  well  to  increase 
slightly  the  quantity  of  bromide,  but  this  salt  must  never 
exceed  the  third  of  the  iodides  used. 

With  regard  to  the  cyanides  and  the  fluorides,  I  must 
acknowledge  I  am  not  thoroughly  convinced  of  their 
efficacy ;  nevertheless,  never  having  found  their  use  pre- 
judicial, I  have  preserved  them  in  the  proportions  indi- 
cated by  M.  Le  Gray.  The  sugar  of  milk  and  of  rice  are 
indispensable,  and  by  them  you  can  obtain  good  blacks, 
even  when  using  bromides.  The  rest  of  the  manipula- 
tion does  not  differ  from  that  which  M.  Le  Gray  gives  in 
his  excellent  work. 

The  sensitizing  bath  is  the  same,  that  is  to  say,  15 
grammes  of  nitrate  of  silver,  and  24  grammes  of  acetic 
acid,  to  300  grammes  of  water.  I  only  take  the  pre- 
caution to  saturate  it  with  bromide  and  iodide  of  silver, 
by  pouring  into  it  some  grammes  of  the  iodized  solution. 
I  filter  it,  and  I  have  no  more  fear  of  its  prolonged  action 
on  the  paper,  so  that  I  leave  it  there  to  soak  from  five  to 
ten  minutes.  I  generally  plunge  three  or  four  sheets  in 
the  same  bath ;  I  take  them  all  out  at  the  same  time,  and 
immerse  them  in  rain-water;  I  thus  shorten  and  simplify 
much  the  manipulation,  without  any  accident  resulting 
from  it. 

If  the  time  of  the  exposure  has  been  right,  and  it  is 
always  less  than  with  the  paper  waxed  previously,  the 
picture  is  visible  on  its  removal  from  the  camera.  It 
may  be  developed  very  rapidly  in  the  gallic  acid,  takes 
beautiful  red  tones,  which  quickly  pass  to  the  black. 
When  the  proof  has  been  fixed,  was'hed,  and  dried,  I  wax 
it  in  a  quire  of  blotting-paper.  It  then  equals  the  most 
perfect  obtained  by  waxing  the  paper  beforehand.  If 
you  prefer  to  wax  the  paper  first,  the  bath  ef  which  I 
have  given  the  proportions  above  may  be  used  to  iodize 
it.  It  harmonises  very  well,  but  the  shades  are  not  so 
deeply  marked. 

The  turpentino-wax  paper  has,  like  the  paper  waxed 
beforehand,  the  advantage  of  being  as  good  the  eighth 
day  as  the  first,  only  the  time  of  exposure  is  a  little 
longer  the  longer  the  paper  has  been  prepared.  For 
about  six  months  that  I  have  used  the  turpentino-wax 
paper,  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain  the  certainty  of  its 
results. 

The  sheets  prepared  according  to  the  form  of  Monsieur 


Stephane  Geofray,  give,  it  is  true,  beautiful  results  on  the 
day  of  their  preparation ;  but  in  the  hot  season,  and  in 
the  South  of  France,  it  is  impossible  to  preserve  them, 
many  days,  which  may,  perhaps,  be  explained  by  the  low 
degree  of  temperature  which  the  cerole'ine  requires  to 
liquefy  it  (29  centigrade).  Besides,  the  proportion  of 
ceroleine  which  the  alcohol  can  dissolve  is  very  little, 
when  compared  with  the  quantity  of  wax  which  the 
spirit  of  turpentine  will  dissolve  without  coagulating  as 
it  cools. 

To  conclude,  experience  will  show  which  is  the  pre- 
ferable process  on  dry  paper,  and  for  my  part  I  am  ready 
to  accept  that  of  M.  Geofray  as  excellent,  if  it  is  demon- 
strated to  me  that  with  papers  well  prepared  there  is  no 
danger  of  anv  alteration  during  some  days. 

MAURICE  LESPIATJLT. 

NeYac,  June  27,  1854. 

Addition  to  the  process  on  dry  paper,  turpentine- 
waxed,  by  M.  Maurice  Lespiault. 

In  the  summer,  by  leaving  the  wax  in  the  spirit  of 
turpentine  for  three  or  four  hours,  it  becomes  dissolved  to 
a  proper  degree.  When  the  temperature  is  high,  it  is 
needless  to  warm  it  in  the  sand-bath.  The  gazogene, 
employed  as  a  dissolvent,  gives  also  good  results ;  but  the 
papers  must  be  immersed  without  delay  in  the  solution, 
because  the  alcohol  and  spirit  of  turpentine,  the  combina- 
tion of  which  constitutes  the  gazogene,  have  a  tendency 
to  separate,  as  soon  as  this  last  is  saturated  with  wax. 

The  papers  thus  prepared  assume  a  beautiful  blue  black 
in  the  bath  of  iodide,  and  whiten  perfectly  in  the  nitrate. 

If  the  different  dissolvents  of  wax  are  studied,  such  as 
the  essence  of  spikenard  and  of  lavender,  a  complete  wax- 
ing of  the  paper  may  be  accomplished.  It  is  useless  to 
insist  upon  the  importance,  in  an  economical  point  of 
view,  of  such  a  process,  for  a  litre  of  spirit  will  soak  more 
than  two  hundred  sheets  of  full-sized  paper. 

MAURICE  LESPIAULT. 

Nerac,  July  5,  1854. 


to  $Unor 

Pre-Raffaelism  (Vol.  x.,  p.  6.).— 

"  If  at  a  distance  you  would  paint  a  pig, 

Make  out  each  single  bristle  of  his  back : 
Or,  if  your  meaner  subject  be  a  wig, 

Let  not  the  caxon  a  distinctness  lack; 
Else  all  the  lady  critics  will  so  stare, 
And  angry  vow, '  Tis  not  a  bit  like  hair ! ' 

"  Claude's  distances  are  too  confused  — 

One  floating  scene — nothing  made  out— 
For  which  he  ought  to  be  abused, 

Whose  works  have  been  so  cried  about. 

"  Give  me  the  pencil  whose  amazing  style. 
Makes  a  bird's  beak  appear  at  twenty  mile ;    _ 
And  to  my  view,  eyes,  legs,  and  claws  will  bring, 
With  evefv  feather  of  his  tail  and  wing.' 

Peter  Pindar,  Lyric  Odes  for  1783,  Ode  vm. 

Dr.  Walcot's  Works  are  little  read.  Being 
chiefly  personal  and  political,  they  are  in  danger 
of  sinking,  and  leaving  only  some  humorous  tales 
afloat  in  the  jest-books.  I  meet  so  few  who  have 
read  the  "  Odes  to  the  R.  A.'s,"  that  I  do  not  feel 
it  an  impertinence  to  draw  attention  to  them.  In 
matters  of  art,  Peter's  censure  is  sometimes,  but 


94 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


not  often,  too  severe.  His  praise  is  never  unde- 
served :  and,  whether  bestowed  on  Reynolds  in 
his  greatness,  Wilson  in  his  obscurity,  or  Law- 
rence at  his  beginning,  has  been  confirmed  by 
posterity.  Many  other  examples  will  be  found  by 
those  who  look  for  them.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

Mother  of  forty  Children  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  419. 
472.  522.). — I  attended  once  the  christening  of  a 
baby,  which  was  affirmed  at  the  time  to  be  the 
fortieth  child  of  the  then  twice  married  mother, 
and  I  well  recollect  the  sympathetic  admiration 
manifested  and  expressed  by  the  rather  consider- 
able number  of  lady-gossips  present  at  the  festivity. 
The  grandmother,  as  she  seemed  to  be,  had  had 
several  times  twins,  and  once  a  triplet,  as  was 
said ;  but,  unlike  the  instance  already  quoted  in 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  very  few  survived,  and  her  eyes  were 
finally  closed,  at  about  the  age  of  seventy- two  years, 
by  her  only  two  remaining  children,  one  a  daughter 
of  the  first,  the  other  a  son  of  the  second  marriage. 
Of  course,  I  cannot  attest  the  number  of  forty  as 
of  my  own  knowledge,  but  only  its  affirmal  and 
undisputed  acceptation  on  an  occasion  when,  if 
it  had  not  been  true,  and  had  perchance  been 
asserted,  its  inaccuracy  could  have  been,  and  I 
presume  would  have  been,  promptly  ascertained. 

I.  H.  A. 

The  Cambridge  Chronicle  of  June  17,  1854,  has 
— "The  wife  of  Jervase  Wilkinson,  labourer,  of 
Wollaton,  Notts,  was,  a  few  days  ago,  delivered 
of  her  twenty-fifth  child."  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

"Book  of  Almanacs"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  561.). — It 
may  be  interesting  to  PROFESSOR  DE  MORGAN  to  be 
informed  that  Perpetual  Calendars  have  been  con- 
stantly in  use  by  our  compilers  of  Almanacs  for 
each  successive  year.  The  Kalendarium  per- 
petuum,  of  which  he  speaks,  was  for  the  peculiar 
service  of  the  order  of  preachers,  or  Dominicans, 
and  adapted  to  the  festivals  of  that  order.  Ga- 
vantus,  in  his  Thesaurus  Sacrorum  Rituum,  gives 
a  complete  set  of  tables,  which,  no  doubt,  have 
been  used  by  most  compilers  of  Catholic  Calendars 
for  centuries.  The  title  is  Ordo  perpetuus  Officii 
divini,  etc.  After  some  explanatory  directions 
comes  a  Tabella  Computi  perpetua,  then  a  Tabella 
Temporaria  from  the  year  1631  to  the  year  2000, 
followed  by  the  usual  Calendar  of  Feasts  through- 
out the  year  in  the  Roman  Breviary.  Then  we 
have  thirty-six  tables  or  almanacs,  which  together 
furnish  a  perpetual  calendar  or  Booh  of  Almanacs 
to  the  end  of  the  present  century.  F.  C.  H. 

"Forgive,  blest  shade"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  542.). — 
The  lines  commencing  "Forgive,  blest  shade," 
were,  I  have  always  heard,  written  by  General 
Burgoyne,  on  the  death  of  his  wife  Lady  Charlotte 
(daughter  of  Edward,  eleventh  Earl  of  Derby),  in 


1776.  They  are  to  be  found  in  many  places  used 
as  a  monumental  inscription,  and  have  been  set 
to  music.  C.  DE  D. 

Latin]  Versions  of  Gray's  Elegy  (Vol.  i.,  p.  101 .). 
—  In  addition  to  those  mentioned,  I  have  a  copy 
of  one  by  H.  S.  Dickinson,  M.A.,  Ipswich,  1849, 
the  first  line  of  which  is — 

"  Nola  sonans  obitum  pulso  notat  a;re  diei." 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

Russian  Emperors  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  222.).  —  An 
old  merchant-.captain,  long  in  the  Baltic  trade, 
assured  me  that  it  was  a  general  belief  among 
those  of  his  own  class,  that  by  the  laws  of  Russia 
the  Emperor  was  for  the  first  twenty-five  years  of 
his  reign  subject  to  a  certain  degree  of  control 
from  his  nobles,  but  that  at  the  end  of  that  time 
all  control  ceased,  and  the  government  became  an 
unmitigated  despotism,  to  avoid  which  the  nobles 
generally  managed  quietly  to  remove  the  occupant 
of  the  throne  before  the  time  had  expired.  The 
death  of  Alexander  just  as  he  was  about  to  com- 
plete the  fated  period  was  one  of  the  instances  he 
adduced  in  support  of-  this  notion.  I  must  leave 
it  to  others  better  versed  in  the  matter  to  say 
whether  there  is,  or  ever  has  been,  any  found- 
ation for  the  above  belief.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Napoleon's  Spelling  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  203.).  —  MR. 
BREEN'S  theory,  that  Napoleon's  bad  spelling  was 
affected,  is  one  of  those  that  neither  admit  of  nor 
require  a  serious  refutation.  I  shall  only  observe 
upon  it  that  Sir  William  Herschel,  a  well-qualified 
judge,  observed  that  Napoleon  seemed  desirous  to 
be  thought  to  know  more  in  astronomy,  as  well  as 
in  other  sciences,  than  he  actually  did  know  ;  and 
is  it  to  be  supposed  that  a  person  so  inclined 
would  have  shammed  ignorance  of  the  very  rudi- 
ments of  education  ?  It  would  be  more  to  his 
advantage  to  suppose  that  the  haste  and  agitation 
in  which  he  frequently  wrote,  caused  him  now  and 
then  to  put  in  a  letter  too  many  or  too  few,  or  to 
substitute  a  wrong  one,  as  a  glance  at  the  manu- 
scripts of  Byron,  Scott,  and  many  others,  would 
show  to  have  been  the  case  with  people  of  much 
better  education  than  his.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Medal  on  the  Peace  of  Utrecht  (Vol.  ix.,  p. 
399.).  —  It  is  stated  that  a  family  of  the  name  of 
Swift  of  that  place  possesses  a  silver  medal  granted 
to  Joseph  Swift  by  the  University  of  Oxford  or  of 
Cambridge.  I  think  this  will  be  found  incorrect 
when  the  description  of  the  medal  is  given,  and 
the  cause  of  its  being  struck  stated. 

Bust  of  Queen  Ann  crowned  with  laurel :  legend, 
"D.  G.  MAG.  BRI.  FR.  ET  HIB."  Rev.  Ships  sailing 
on  a  calm  sea ;  on  the  shore  two  labourers  cultivat- 
ing the  earth ;  Great  Britain  under  the  figure  of 
Pallas  holding  a  lance  and  an  olive  branch:  legend, 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


95 


"  COMPOSITIS    VENERANTUR    AKMIS "     (not 

1713.  "  They  honour  her  who  has  put  an  end  to 
the  war." 

It  was  struck  on  the  Peace  of  Utrecht.  There 
were  two  medals  struck,  one  much  smaller  than 
the  other.  The  larger  one  in  gold  was  presented 
to  each  member  of  the  House  of  Lords,  the 
smaller  in  gold  to  each  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  I  have  seen  a  medal  of  the  same  de- 
scription, but  of  a  Size  between  the  two,  ex.  rare. 

W.  D.  HAGGARD. 

Bank  of  England. 

Colonel  St.  Leger  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  76.)-—  W.  P.  M. 
is  not  sufficiently  explicit,  as  he  does  not  give  the 
Christian  name  of  the  Colonel.  St.  Leger  is  the 
family  name  of  the  Lords  Doneraile,  of  Ireland  ; 
and  to  this  he  probably  belonged.  It  may,  how- 
ever, not  be  amiss  to  inform  your  querist,  that  the 
name  appears  in  the  London  Gazette  for  October, 
1793: 

"  Lieut.-CoI.  John  St.  Leger,  of  the  1st  Foot  Guards, 
appointed  Deputy  Adjutant-General  to  the  Forces  on  the 
Continent,  under  the  command  of  the  Duke  of  York." 

And  in  the  same  official  document,  "  John  St. 
Leger,  of  the  16th  Dragoons,"  is  one  of  the  newly 
made  Colonels.  The  following  notice,  too,  we 
find  in  another  periodical : 

"  Died,  at  Madras,  Major-General  St.  Leger,  Colonel  of 
the  80th  Kegiment  of  Foot,  and  Commander-in-Chief  at 
Trincomalee.  He  rode  out  in  the  morning,  and  returned 
in  apparent  good  health,  but  had  scarcely  dismounted, 
when  he  was  seized  with  a  convulsion  fit,  which  carried 
him  off  in  a  few  minutes."  —  Gentleman's  Mag.  for  Feb. 
1800. 

These  extracts,  from  their  dates,  seem  not  only 
to  point  to  one  and  the  same  person,  but  to  show 
that  he  was  the  associate  of  George  IV.,  who,  as 
Prince  of  Wales,  was  then  in  the  prime  and  pride 
of  life.  C.  H.  (1) 

Knobstick  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  373.).  —  The  question  of 
PRESTONIENSIS,  on  being  inserted  in  the  Preston 
Chronicle,  elicited  in  that  journal  the  following 
reply,  which  may  be  worthy  of  a  place  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  in  the  absence  of  a  better  answer  : 

"  During  the  occupation  of  the  Catteral  Cotton  Printing 
Establishment,  near  Garstang,  Lancashire,  by  the  Field- 
ings,  a  difference  took  place  between  them  and  the  block 
cutters,  when  a  strike  ensued,  in  consequence  of  which  a 
number  of  hands  were  engaged  from  other  places,  and 
some  of  them  none  of  the  best.  A  meeting  then  took 
place  among  those  thrown  out  of  employ,  when  one  old 
man  rose  and  said  emphatically,  'They  were  no  better 
men  than  his  KNOBSTICK  (walking-stick),  and  he  could 
make  as  good  men  as  them  out  o'  it.'  " 

It  is  not  stated  when  this  took  place,  but  I 
should  say,  if  it  took  place  at  all,  it  will  be  from 
thirty  to  forty  years  since.  The  cant  name  first 
used  at  Catteral  afterwards  became  general.  The 
Query  is,  is  the  name  with  such  a  meaning  above 
forty  years  old  ?  D.  W. 


Ominous  Storms  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  494.).  — The  po- 
pular notion  respecting  ominous  storms  is  very 
common  in  Cornwall.  If  your  correspondent  had 
inquired  farther,  he  would  probably  have  had  the 
explanation  which  was  recently  given  to  a  ques- 
tion of  mine  on  the  same  subject,  namely,  that 
the  cause  of  the  tempestuous  weather,  which  is 
held  so  unfailingly  to  accompany  assize  time,  is 
the  number  of  false  oaths  which  are  taken  on 
these  occasions.  T.  L.  C. 

Polperro,  Cornwall. 

Dedications  of  Suffolk  Churches  (Vol.  x.,  p.  45.). 
— The  following  are  the  saints  after  whom  the 
churches  mentioned  by  MR.  PARKER  are  respec- 
tively named : 

Lowestoft        -  St.  Margaret. 

Wenham,  Little  -        -    All  Saints. 
Ramsholt        -  All  Saints. 

Stowlangtoft   -  St.  George. 

Poslingford      -  Virgin  Mary. 

Whixoe  -        -  -         -     St.  Leonard. 

Wratting,  Little  -        -     St.'.Mary. 
Alpheton         -  SS.  Peter  and  Paul. 

Exning  -         -  -        -     St.  Martin. 

Whepstead      -  -        -    St.  Petronilla. 

Harleston         -  -        -     St.  Augustine. 

Welnetham,  Great  -         -     St.  Thomas. 

Hargrave         -  -        -    St.  Edmund. 

I  look  forward  with  pleasure  to  MR.  PARKER'S 
intended  publication ;  for  we  have  as  yet  no  work 
on  archseological  topography,  embracing  the  whole 
of  the  Suffolk  churches.  W.  T.  T. 

Ipswich. 

Capt.  Cook  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  423.).— There  are  col- 
lateral descendants  of  the  great  circumnavigator, 
Capt.  Cook,  residing  at  lledcar,  Sunderland*,  and 
in  this  town  ;  and  one  of  them  -showed  rne  a  few 
weeks  since  a  genealogical  list  of  the  family, 
which  perhaps  might  be  too  lengthy  for  the 
columns  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  but  which  I  could  forward 
to  W.  G.  M'ALLISTER  on  receipt  of  a  direct  ap- 
plication. LUKE  MACKEV. 

South  Shields. 

Moon  Superstitions  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  79.  145.  321. ; 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  431.).  —  I  beg  to  remind  your  corre- 
spondents on  this  subject,  that  as  remarkable 
changes  of  weather  take  place  as  frequently 
between  the  changes  of  the  moon  as  they  accom- 
pany or  follow  closely  those  changes,  it  cannot  be 
imagined  by  any  person  who  will  take  the  trouble 
to  observe  closely  for  any  length  of  time,  that  the 
changes  of  the  moon  at  all  influence  the  weather. 
The  subject  is  ably  treated  by  Dr.  Lardner,  in  an 
article  on  "  Lunar  Influences,"  in  the  Museum  of 
Science.  JOSEPH  SIMPSON. 

Islington. 

[*  York?] 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  248. 


"Ill  Habits"  tfc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  301.).  — The  re- 
ference to  this  quotation  is  Dryden's  Ovid,  b.  xv., 
"  Of  the  Pythagorean  Philosophy,"  lines  155-6. 

J.  C.  G. 

Liverpool. 

Morgan  Odoherty  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  11.;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  209.).  — It  is  very  possible,  although  quite  new 
to  me,  that  the  author  of  "  Cyril  Thornton  "  was 
one  of  the  writers  (for  there  must  have  been  more 
than  one)  who  assumed  this  well-known  nom  de 
guerre  in  Blackwood.  But  I  had  always  identified 
Captain  Hamilton  with  another  military  contri- 
butor who  figures  much  in  the  early  volumes  of 
Maga,  "  Major  Spencer  Moggridge  of  the  Prince's 
Own,"  from  the  resemblance  which  the  latter's 
descriptions  of  the  different  battles  bear  to  those 
in  the  annals  of  the  peninsular  campaigns. 

I  am  surprised  to  see  that  S.  never  heard  that 
Odoherty  was  supposed  to  be  Dr.  Maginn.  Even 
before  Fraser's  Magazine  came  out,  Maginn  was 
universally  reputed  to  be  the  man,  and  that  pe- 
riodical fixed  the  name  indelibly  upon  him ;  for 
whatever  doubt  there  might  be  as  to  the  identity 
of  the  correspondent  of  Blackwood,  in  Fraser 
there  was  no  mistaking  it  for  an  instant.  See  the 
notice  of  Maginn  in  the  "  Gallery  of  Literary 
Characters"  (Fraser's  Magazine,  vol.  iii.). 

J.  S.  WABDEN. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    BTC. 

Mr.  Roach  Smith,  who  is  about  to  edit  a  work  on  the 
subject,  has  reprinted,  from  his  Collectanea  Antiqua,  an 
article  on  The  Faussett  Collection  of  Anglo-  Saxon  Anti- 
quities. Mr.  Smith  writes  strongly  on  this  national 
grievance ;  and  we  must  say  that  the  dissatisfaction  with 
which  the  refusal  of  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum 
to  purchase  them  has  been  received,  has  only  been 
equalled  by  the  amazement  at  the  amount  of  ignorance 
displayed  in  the  House  of  Commons  when  that  refusal 
was  under  discussion. 

Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson  have  recently  con- 
cluded the  sale  of  the  highly  curious  library  of  Mr.  J.  D. 
Gardner,  of  Chatteris.  The  Catalogue  contained  2457 
lots,  and  produced  no  less  than  817 1/.;  a  sufficient  proof 
that  what  Theodore  Hook  said  of  paving  stones,  may  now 
be  applied  to  good  old  books, — they  are  looking  up.  The 
following  are  the  prices  of  some  of  the  principal  lots: 
Lot  29.  Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso,  Vinezia,  1525,  only  one 
other  copy  known,  437.  30.  Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso, 
Vinezia,  1539,  with  autographs  of  Mary  Richemond,  wife 
of  Henry,  Duke  of  Richmond,  natural  son  of  Henry  VIII., 
and  of  Sir  Henry  Pickeringe,  Queen  Elizabeth's  ambas- 
sador and  suitor,  187.  15s.  76.  Pentateuch,  translated  by 
William  Tyndale,  Marlborow,  in  the  Lande  of  Hesse, 
1530,  having  three  leaves  facsimiled,  1597.  77.  Newe 
Testament ;  Tindal's  second  edition,  printed  at  Antwerp 
in  1534,  wanting  beginning  and  end,  but  having  these 
deficiencies  admirably  facsimiled  in  imitation  of  the 
original  printing,  47L  78.  New  Testament,  translated  by 
Myles  Coverdale,  1538,  827.  193.  Byble,  translated  by 
Myles  Coverdale,  1550,  38/.  194.  Newe  Testament,  by 


W.  Tindale,  1536,  37/.    195.  Newe  Testament,  in  English 
and  Latin,  by  Tindale  and  Erasmus,  1548,  39Z.  10s.     196. 
Newe  Testament,  in  English  and  Latin,  1549,  35Z.     197. 
New  Testament;  first  edition  of  the  Rhemish  version, 
printed  at  Rheims,  1582,  151.     238.  A  Collection  of  the 
Writings  of  the  Fanatic  Giordano  Bruno,  burnt  in  1600 
at  Rome  as  an  Atheist,  201.    337.  Boccaccio's  Decamerone 
Quinta,  1527,  50Z.     376.  The  Phylobyblo  of  Richard  de 
Bury,  Bishop  of  Durham,  one  of  the  earliest  bibliophilists, 
printed  at  Cologne  about  1483,  101.  10s.    404.  Caxton's 
translation  of  the  book  named   the  Royall,  printed  by 
Wynkyn  de  Worde,  1507,  33Z.     408.  Cervantes'  Don 
Quixote;  first  editions  of  both  parts  —  Madrid,  1605-15, 
30/.    409.  Cervantes'  Novelas  Exemplares,  first  edition, 
Madrid,  1613,  127.  10s.     415.  Biblia  Sacra  Latine;  the 
famous  Vulgate  edition  on  large  paper  —  Roma,  1592, 
357.    417.  Byble ;  first  edition  of  Matthew's  translation, 
1537,  150/.    419.  Byble;   first  edition  of  Cranmer's,   or 
the  Great  Bible,   printed   by  Grafton   and  Whitchurch, 
1217.    420.  Cranmer's  Bible,  1549,  44/.    421.  Bible;  first 
Protestant  translation  by  Myles  Coverdale,  printed  at 
Zurich,  1535 ;  wanting  title-page  and  first  leaf  of  dedi- 
cation,  which   are  in   facsimile  by  Harris,   3657.    422. 
Bible;  Matthew's  version  revised  by  Becke,  1549,  407. 
423.  Bible;  by  Mathewes,  1551,  457.    428.  Bible;  with 
Sceptical  Notes,  erroneously  attributed  to  Pope  Ganga- 
nelli,  1784,  15Z.  15s.     460.  Booke  of  Jason;  printed  by 
W.  Caxton,   1475,  105Z.    461.  History  of  Reynard  the 
Foxe,  W.  Caxton,  148J,  1957.     462.  Golden  Legende,  by 
W.  Caxton,  1483,  230Z.    463.  Book  called  Cathon,  by 
W.  Caxton,  1483,  83Z.     520.  Cocker's  Arithmetic,  1678, 
8Z.  5*.     638.  Dialogues  of  Creatures  Moralysed,  no  date, 
301     649.  Chaucer's  Canterbury  Tales,  printed  by  Wyn- 
kyn de  Worde,  1498,  2457.     650.  Boecius  de  Consolatione 
Philosophise,  printed  by  W.  Caxton,  without  date,  with 
two  leaves  facsimiled,  707.     681.  De  Bry's  Collection  of 
early  Voyages  and  Travels,  in  25  parts,  with  quaint  en- 
graving^ 2407.    682.  De  Bry's  French  Version  of  Hariot's 
Virginia,  Francofurti,  1590,  35Z.      1120.  Homeri  Opera, 
first  edition,  in  Greek,  Florentia,  1488,  49Z.     1137.  Apoca- 
lypsis  Joannis,  first  edition  of  this  celebrated  block-book 
of  48  pages,  1607.     1191.  Hull's  Description  of  the  earliest 
Steam-Tug,  1737,  7Z.  12s.  6d.     1210.    Banquet   of  Jests, 
1657,  10Z.     1335.  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  1549,  51Z.  10s. 
1336.  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  1559,  647.     1337.  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  1552,  29Z.     1547.  Psalter  in  metre,  by 
Archbishop  Parker,  no  date,  40Z.  10s.     1700.  Prymer  for 
the  Use  of  Sarum ;  Rouen,  1555,  15Z.     1800.  Pilgrymage 
of  Perfeccion,  printed  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  1531,  31Z. 
1914.  Sannazaro's  Arcadia  Vinezia,  Aldo,  1514,  printed  on 
vellum,  30Z.     1999.  A  complete  set  of  the  Philosophical 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society,  from  1665  to  1830  inclu- 
sive, 78Z.    2022.  Prynne's  Collection  of  Records,  3  vols., 
I  1665-70,  1007.     2027.  Purchas  his  Pilgrimes,  a  Collection 
j  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  in  5  vols.,  1625-26,  55Z.  10s.   2058. 
Shakspeare's  Comedies  and  Tragedies,  first  edition,  1623, 
250Z. ;    the  second  edition,  1632,  sold  for  18Z.  10s.;    the 
j  third,  1663  (burnt  in  the  Fire  of  London),  for  257. ;  and 
|  the  fourth,  1685,  for  137.     2154.  Tindale's  Parable  of  the 
I  Wicked  Mammon,  printed  at  Marlborow  in   1528,    107. 
!  2195.  Shakspeare's  Merchant  of  Venice,  first  edition,  1600, 
I  827. ;  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  1600,  12/.  15s.;  Henry 
the  Fifth,  1608,  8Z.  10s.;  King  Lear,  1608,  207.;  Pericles, 
1609,  217.    2204.  Sidney's  Arcadia,  first  edition,  1590,  347. 
2218.    Spenser's   Faerie   Queene,   2   vols.,  1590-96,  first 
edition,  167.    2326.  Walton's  Angler,  1653,  first  edition, 
107.  17*.  6d.    2433.  Wat  ton's  Speculum  Christian!,  printed 
by  Machlinia,  without  date,  107.  10s. 

Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson  will  sell,  on  Friday 
next,  a  most  interesting  collection  of  MSS.,  MS.  Note 
Books,  Letters,  &c.,  of  the  poet  Gray. 


JULY  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

An  imperfect  copy,  or  2nd  Volume,  of  FOXE'S  MARTYRS.    Folio.    1583. 

An  imperfect  copy  of  the  BISHOPS'  BIBLE.    1574.    Folio. 

THE  BISHOPS'  BIBLE,  4to.,  1584,  with  the  First  Part  perfect. 

Title  to  small  4to.  BIBLE, Cambridge,  1683.    Or  an  imperfect  copy,  with 

Title,  and  STERNHOLD&  HOPKINS  PSALMS  to  correspond. 
STBHNHOLD  ft  HOPKINS'  PSALMS,  Cambridge,  1637.    Small  4to.    Or  an 
imperfect  copy  having  the  end. 

Small  4to.,  1612  ;  or  the  last  Part 

A  small  work  on  the  IDENTITY  op  POPEKY  AND  SOCINIANISM  IN  PRINCIPLE. 

JOSEPH  HUSSEY'S  GLORY  OF  CHRIST. 

The  first  three  leaves,  or  an  imperfect  copy  of  DR.  CRISP'S  SON'S  DE- 

H.  CORNELII  AORIPPJC  OPERA.    Lyons,  1531.    Tom.  II. 

54th,    57th,    and     following     Numbers     of    the    CAMDKN     SOCIETY'S 

PUBLICATIONS. 
The  10th  and  following  Vols.  of  the  ROYAL  AORICCLTCRAL  SOCIETY 

OF  GREAT  BRITAIN'S  PUBLICATIONS. 
JUVENAL  AND  PERSIUS.    Valla.    Venice.    Folio. 

Robert  Sterhens.    Paris,  1544. 

Palmanor.    Antwerp,  1565. 

Pitholus.    Paris,  1585. 

Autumnus.    Paris,  1607. 

Stephens.    Paris,  1616. 

Achaintree.    Paris,  1810. 

English.   Dryden. 

French.    Dusaula.    Paris,  1796, 1803. 

Animadversiones  Observationes  Philologies  in 

Sat.  Juvenalis  dnas  Priores.    Beck. 

Spicilegium     Animadversionum.     Schurzflei- 

schius. 

Jacob's  Emendationes. 

Heinecke.    Hake,  1804. 

Manso.    1814. 

Barthius  Adversaria. 

SRRVIOS  on  VIROIL. 
HAILITT'S  SPIRIT  or  THE  AOE. 

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ANQUETTL  DC  PKRRON,  ZE.NDAVESTA  TBADUIT  ET   COMMENT!.     Vol.  II. 

4to.    Paris,  1771. 
HOLLER,  J.  H.,  DE  NUMIS  OBIENTALIBUS  IN  NUMOPHYLACIO  GOTHANO 

AssERvATis  COMMENTATE  Prima.    4to.    Gotha  ?  1828  ? 
HASMUSSEN,  JANDS,  ANNALES  ISLAMIC.E,  SIVE  TABULA  .  .  CHAXIFARUM, 

ETC.    4to.     Hafniae,  1825. 

Particulars  to  be  addressed  to  Dr.  Scott,  4.  Rutland  Street,  Edinburgh. 


STEEVEWS'  TWENTY  FLAYS  OP  SHAKJPEARE.    1766.    Vol.  III. 
"Wanted  by  S.  Alexander,  207.  Hoxton. 


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f2uttce<*  to 

SHAKSPBABE'S  RELIGION.  —Just  as  we  are  going  to  press,  toe  are  in- 
formed that  this  question  has  been  recently  discussed  in  The  Rambler. 
Injustice,  therefore,  to  our  Correspondent,  we  have  to  state  that  tat 
Query  hat  been  in  our  possession  for  the  last  two  months. 

H.  E.  S.  (Tewkesbury).  We  have  a  letter  for  this  Correspondent ;  how 
shall  toe  direct  it  t 

E.  S.  (Bath).  The  coin  is  a  gold  Quinarius  of  the  Emperor  Focas  or 
Phocas,  and  has  his  name,  Dominus  Noster  FOCAS,  fcc.  See  Akerman's 
Descriptive  Catalogue,  vol.  ii.  pp.  410, 411, 412. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  PAPER.  —  Mr.  Sounders,  of  Maidstone  Wharf,  Queen- 
hithe,  has  completed  his  manufacture  of  paper  for  photographic  pur- 
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desirous  of  trying  it. 

ERBATA.— In  Vol.  x.,  p.  70. 1.9.,  /or  "  correspondents  "  read  "  corre- 
spondent;"  p.  71.,  for  "mode,"  read  "made  ;"  and  for  "characters  of 
Mr.  Hart,"  read  "  characteristics  j"  p.  74.  col.  2.  1. 5.  from  bottom,  for 
"1761,"  read  "1751." 

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The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
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testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
in^  musicians  of  the  age:  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
haying  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
MAm1mHv?c!?red  bv  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
aiA.lis  h'  *  Ug-.  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
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perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
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W  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
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E.  I .  Himbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
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flOCOA-NUT    FIBRE    MAT- 

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taining all  its  most  active  and  essential 
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ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77.  Strand. 


T>OSS  &  SONS'    INSTANT  A- 

1 1  NEOUS  HAIR  DYE,  without  Smell, 
the  best  and  cheapest  extant —  ROSS  ft  SONS 
have  several  private  apartments  devoted  en- 
tirely to  Dyeing  the  Hair,  and  particularly  re- 
quest a  visit,  especially  from  the  incredulous, 
as  they  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  of  their 
hair,  without  charging,  of  any  colour  required, 
from  the  lightest  brown  to  the  darkest  black, 
to  convince  them  of  its  effect. 

Sold  in  cases  at  3s.  Gd.,  6s.6d.,  10s.,  15s.,  and 
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Trade  by  the  pint,  quart,  or  gallon. 

Address,  ROSS  ft  SONS,  119.  and  120.  Bi- 
shopsgate  Street,  Six  Doors  from  Cornhlll, 
London. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites. Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  ft  22.  West  Strand. 


TiENNETT'S       MODEL 

D  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  ORE  AT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHE  APSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6.  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold.  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer.Gold, 
50  fruineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  22.,  32.,  and  42.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch.  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAP8IDE. 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  248. 


THE 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

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TOR 

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No.  249.] 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  5.  1854. 


C  Price  Fournence. 

I  Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 


.NOTES : _ 


Page 


King  James's,  or  the  present  Version  of 
the  Bible  -  -  -  -  -  97 

Flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  by 
Edgar  MacCulloch  -  -  -  98 

Smith's  "  Dictionaries  of  Antiquities," 
by  P.  J.  F.  Gantillon  -  -  -  98 

Nautical  Folk  Lore  :  —  Names  of  Ships      99 

•Supposed  Early  Play-bill  -          -      99 

MINOR  NOTES  :_  Swift  and  "  The  Tat- 
ler  "  —  Epitaph  on  a  Priest  —  "  While  " 
and  "wile  "  —  School  Libraries :  Salis- 
bury—Cherries -  -  -  -  100 

•QPKRIES : — 

"  He  that  fights,"  &c.        -          -          -    101 
Louis  de  Beaufort  -          -  -          -    101 

Popiana:  JamesMooreSmith.orSmyth.    102 

MINOR  QUERIES:—  Marriages  between 
Cousins —Paterson,  Founder  of  the 
Bank—Fitchett's  ''King  Alfred  "  — 
'"  Albert  surles  Operations  de  1'Ame"— 
Anointing  of  Bishops— Justice  George 
"Wood  _  Old  Map  of  Mcndip,  co.  So- 
merset—Black Livery  Stockings  — 
Thomas  Rolf—  "  Emsdorff 's  fame," 
&c.  —  "  Platonism  Exposed  "_  Brasses 
restored  —  Sassanian  Inscriptions  — 
Greatest  Happiness  of  the  greatest 
Number  —  Choke  Damp  —  Remark- 
able Prediction  —  The  late  Rev.  James 
Plumptre  — Leonard  Welsted  -  102 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  _ 
Druids  and  Druidism  —  Psalm  Ixviii. 
4.— Coroners'  Inquests—"  Talliages" 
—  Pengwern  Hall  — Prince  Charles's 
House  in  Derby  —  Singed  Vellum  -  104 


Lord  Bacon  and  Shakspeare       -  -  106 

Coleridge's  Lectures  on  Shakspeare       -  106 

Hydropathy,  by  Edward  Peacock  -  107 

Catholic  Floral  Directories :  Dr.  For- 

ster's  Works         -  ...  103 

Warburton's  Edition  of  Pope      -  -  108 

The  Dnnciad,  by  William  J.  Thoms,&c.  109 

Notaries,  hy  Albert  Way  -  -  110 

bir  1  homas  Browne  and  Bishop  Ken    -  110 

PHOTOrtRApmc  CORRESPONDENCE  :—  Mr. 
Lytes  Instantaneous  Process —Wax- 
ing Positives  — Preserving  Collodion 
Plates  sensitive  -  -  -  -  111 

llEPLinsToMiNon  QUERIES  :  —  Legend  of 
thcSeven  Sisters  — "To  iump  for  joy" 
—  Pope's  Odyssey  —  Perspective  — 
" Peter Wilkins"— "De  male quresitis 
nx  gaudet  tertius  litres  " — Apparition 
which  preceded  the  Fire  of  London  — 
"A  face  upon  a  bott.e  "  —  Thompson 
:  Esholt  and  Lancashire  —  Latin 


Treatise  on  whipping  School-boys  — 
^aunlleroy  —  Old  Dominion  —  The 


Fa 


-c--nt  — Foreign  Fountains  — The 
Z8tn-  Regiment,  why  called  "  The 
i5lasherb?"_»Hcroic:Epistle,"&c.  -  111 

MISCELLANEOUS  : 

Books  and  Odd  Volun,«9  Wanted 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X — No.  249. 


Multoe  terricolis  lingua,  ccelestibug  una. 

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AND  SONS' 

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I.  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS. 
II.  MILMAN'S   HISTORY   OF  LATIST 
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LAND MISSIONS. 
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FAVOURITES. 

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Wurk,  Those  that  annint  Work,  and  Those 
that  trill  nut  Work  ;  with  Illustrations  of  the 
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***  A  quantity  of  odd  Numbers  for  the 
completion  of  sets.  Numbers  or  Parts  bought 
to  any  extent. 


I 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PUKE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus,  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
free  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 

Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
Other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
nicals,  &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art — 


COLLODION  PORTRAITS 
AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton:  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumen  ized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 
Gfr  Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  «:  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument   Makers,   and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 
The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 

Plates. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT   preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES    adapted  to  su!t 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETEK,   which     effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  E.i  es  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 
BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


PHOTrnRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 
Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 

Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 
OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  muj  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Bu  Idintfs.  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory us  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


I 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
-,-j  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 

SITrVK    PAPER    PROCESS.       By    J.   B. 
HOCKIN.    Price  1*. ,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


TT7ESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 

TT    RANCE  AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

3.  PABXIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 

Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Director!. 
H.  E.  Bicknell,  Esq.     |  T.  Grissell,  Esq. 


T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 


J.  Hunt,  Esq. 


J.  A.  Lethbridge.Esq. 
E.  Lucas,  Esq. 
J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 
J.  B.  White,  Esq. 
J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

Tnattet. 
W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq. ; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

PAtfstcian.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Banters.  — Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100/.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits : 


Age 
17- 
22  - 

27- 


£  s.  d. 

-  1  14    4 

-  1  18    8 

-  8    4    5 


Age 
32- 
37- 
42- 


£  *.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6rf.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  (ieneral  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHI.EY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 

\  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

Z\  ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 

LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 

MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 

DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 

GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 

DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 

BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 

SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  ot  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


TJOSS  &   SONS'    INSTANT  A- 

IV  NEOUS  HAIR  DYE,  without  Smell, 
the  best  and  cheapest  extant.  —  KOSS  &  SONS 
have  several  private  apartments  devoted  en- 
tirely to  Dyeing  the  Hair,  and  particularly  re- 
quent  a  visit,  especially  from  the  incredulous, 
as  tney  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  ot  their 
hair,  witnout  chaiging,  of  any  colour  required, 
from  the  lightest  brown  to  the  darkest  black, 
to  convince  tnem  of  its  etlcct. 

Sold  in  cases  at  3s.  <*/.,  is.  6rf.,  10s.,  15«.,  and 
20s.  each  case.     Likewise   wholesale  to   the 
Trade  by  tne  pint,  quart. or  gallon. 
Address,  ROSS  *   SONS,   119.  and  120.  Bi- 

shop-gate  Street,  Six  Doors  from  Cornhill, 

London. 


DR.  DE  JONGH'S  LIGHT 
BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL.  The  most 
effectual  remedy  for  CONSUMPTION, 
BRONCHITIS,  ASTHMA,  GOUT.  RHEU- 
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than  any  other  kind.  Prescribed  by  the  most 
eminent  Medical  Men,  and  supplied  to  the 
leading  Hospitals  of  Europe.  Half-pint 
bottle*,  a..  6d.t  pints,  4s.  9d.,  IMPERIAL 
MEASURE.  Wholesale  and  Retail  Depot, 

ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77.  Strand. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 6S.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  IS,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6.  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer,Gold, 
50  iruineas  ;  Silver.  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  22.,  32.,  and  4i.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE, 


riOCOA-NUT    FIBRE    MAT- 

\  /  TING  and  MATS,  of  the  best  quality. 
—  The  Jury  of  Class  28.  Great  Exhibition, 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal  to  T.  TRET.OAR, 
Cocoa-Xut  Fibre  Manufacturer,  42.  Ludgate 
Hill,  London. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 

TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE  HAIR  RESTORED  AND  GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S  CAPILLARY  FLUID  is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  tfficacy. 
Bottles,  -2s.  6d. ;  double  size,  4s.  <*/. ;  7*.  6rf. 
equal  to  4  small;  11*.  to  6  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 
BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised. by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  8s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.    It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joint*  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.    If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during   the    last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.     Packets,  Is. ;   Boxes,  2s.  M.     Sent 
Free  by  BEETIIAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 
Sold  by  PRING,   30.  Westmorland   Street: 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row.  BKWLEY 
&     EVANS,    Dublin,     GOULDIIS G,    109. 
Patrick    Street,   Cork:    £ARrVi.  ».   Main 
Str.et,    Kinsale  ;     GKATTAN,     Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  :  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh  -   SAN- 
GER.    150.  Oxford    Street;    PROCT,  229. 
Strand  ;  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,    63.   Oxford    Street  :    London.      AH 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


97 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  5,  1854. 


KING  JAMES'S,  OR  THE  PRESENT  VERSION  OF  THE 

BIBLE. 

Prior  to  the  publication  of  Lowndes's  Biblio- 
grapher's Manual,  and  indeed  since,  it  has  been  a 
doubtful  and  undecided  question  as  to  •whether 
there  really  were  two  editions  of  the  present  version 
of  the  Scriptures  printed  in  1611  :  the  Manual 
asserting  that  fact  (vide  BIBLE,  vol.  i.  p.  177. 
col.  2.),  but  denied  by  the  Rev.  C.  Anderson  (vide 
Annals  of  the  Bible,  vol.  ii.  Index,  "  List  of  Edi- 
tions," p.  xxii.)  ;  and  Mr.  Lea  Wilson  noticing 
only  one  impression  of  that  year,  claiming  the 
palm  for  his  (fine  copy  of  the  second)  edition  of 
1611,  instead  of  an  earlier  impression  of  that 
year :  neither  gentleman  appearing  to  have  seen 
a  copy  of  that  impression  first  pointed  out  to  Dr. 
Cotton  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Daly,  Bishop  of  Cashel 
(see  Cotton's  List,  p.  60.,  edit.  1852). 

Since  the  appearance  of  the  second  and  enlarged 
edition  of  Dr.  Cotton's  List,  in  the  autumn  of 
1852,  I  have  examined  all  the  copies  of  that  Bible 
bearing  the  dates  of  1611,  1613,  1617,  1634,  and 
1640,  that  have  fallen  under  notice ;  and  having 
had  upwards  of  forty  copies  with  the  titles  of  the 
first  three  dates,  and  others  of  the  two  later,  feel 
assured  (from  matters  hereafter  related)  that  the 
whole  volume  WAS  twice  printed  in  1611. 

Bearing  in  mind  the  discrepancies  pointed  out 
by  Bishop  Daly  (vide  Cotton's  List,  p.  60.),  as  well 
as  those  noted  by  Dr.  Cardwell  (British  Maga- 
zine, March,  1833)  in  five  copies,  the  following 
other  important  differences  in  the  impressions 
occur.  In  the  impression  now  considered  at 
Oxford  as  the  first  and  more  rare,  i.  e.  that  with 
the  lengthened  verse,  Exodus  xiv.  10.,  2  Chroni- 
cles, chap,  xxix.,  is  in  the  head-line  printed 
xxxix., ;  iv.  Micah,  head-line  printed  JOEL  ;  the 
wood-cut  ornament  at  the  commencement  of 
Micah  is  a  zig-zag,  while  in  the  second  it  is  a 
running  ornament,  both  being  decorated  with 
roses  and  thistles  of  different  shape.  In  the  edi- 
tion of  1617  this  is  again  changed  for  another 
composed  of  other  ornaments  in  type.  Again,  in 
the  prefatory  matter  to  the  first  edition,  the  dedi- 
cation commences,  "TO  THE  MOST  ;"  in  the  second 
(claimed  as  the  first  by  Mr.  Wilson,  in  his  ela- 
borate Catalogue)  it  is  preceded  by  a  distinguish- 
ing mark  %  —  "  ^[TO  THE  MOST."  The  leaf  with 
"The  Names  and  Order  of  the  Bookes"  is  printed 
entirely  in  black ;  in  the  later  impression  three 
lines  are  printed  in  red  on  each  side  of  the  leaf. 
After  this  follows  the  royal  arms,  a  large  wood- 
cut occupying  the  entire  page  (in  one  of  the  five 
copies  seen  this  leaf  was  left  blank)  :  on  the  re- 
verse the  top  line  is  "The  Genealogies  of  the 


Holy  Scripture."  In  the  second  edition  this  head- 
ing is^  formed  into  a  letter-press  title,  signed 
"  J.  S."  (i.  e.  John  Speed),  within  a  double-lined 
border,  and  occupies  the  position  of  the  royal 
arms.  In  truth  too  many  variations  occur,  both 
in  the  type  and  in  the  woodcut  initials  and 
borders,  to  resist  the  fact  of  two  entirely  distinct 
editions  appearing  in  the  year  1611,  although  not 
seen  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Anderson,  and  left  unre- 
corded by  Mr.  Lea  Wilson  in  his  very  valuable 
Catalogue.  Of  the  second  edition  there  can  be 
but  little  doubt  but  a  very  large  impression  was 
worked  off,  so  many  copies  of  it  wanting  titles, 
&c.  continually  appearing ;  but  the  royal  patent 
printer  (save  the  mark  !),  while  correcting  errors 
in  the  body  of  the  volume,  committed  others  of  a 
most  glaring  nature  in  his  second  impression  (e.g. 
in  the  dedication,  "OF"  is  printed  "OE,"  the  name 
of  "  CHRIST"  is  spelled  "  CHKIST."  In  the  "  List  of 
the  Books  of  the  Old  Testament,"  "  1  and  2  Chro- 
nicles "  is  named  "  1  and  2  Corinthians,"  &c.  &c.). 
That  this  edition  came  after  the  other  is  farther 
proved  by  four  copies  now  lying  before  me,  all  of 
them  having  a  title  as  of  a  new  impression,  dated 
in  1613,  the  mercenary  royal  printer  (of  whom  a 
deplorable  character  for  integrity,  &c.  is  given  by 
Mr.  Anderson  in  his  Annals,  vol.  ii.  p.  339.,  1852) 
having  issued  the  unsold  copies  of  this  impression 
by  cancelling  the  title  to  the  volume  only,  leaving 
that  to  the  New  Testament  as  before,  viz.  1611. 
That  this  piece  of  trickery  (stale  even  in  those 
days)  was  played  by  the  worthy  Mr.  Barker,  the 
errors  in  the  dedication  and  prefatory  matter  as 
heretofore  described,  remaining  uncancelled,  will 
sufficiently  testify.  The  putting  off  of  the  unsold 
copies  of  1611  in  this  way  by  the  royal  printer  is 
unnoticed,  although  a  charge  is  made  of  the  sub- 
stitution of  titles  dated  1611  (Query,  if  those  in- 
tended to  be  destroyed  by  Mr.  Barker  himself?) 
to  copies  of  the  several  editions  of  1617,  1634,  or 
1640,  to  pass  those  off  for  fine  copies  of  the  highly 
valuable  and  much  coveted  first  impression,  viz. 
1611. 

It  should  be  observed  of  the  impressions  of 
1611,  1617,  1634,  and  1640,  the  Psalms  com- 
mence on  B  b  b  4  ;  in  that  of  1613,  small  type,  on 
K  K.  It  was  from  a  copy  of  this  edition,  with  a 
title  dated  1611,  Mr.  Lowndes  fell  into  error 
(vide  Manual,  vol.  i.  p.  177.  col.  2.)  as  to  the  two 
editions  of  1611  being  of  a  different  sized  type. 
The  New  Testament  of  both  impressions  of  that 
year  begins  on  A  2,  in  the  others  on  D  d  d  d  d  2. 
The  dedication  to  every  impression  differs  some- 
what in  the  setting  up,  that  of  1613  being  pre- 
ceded by  a  different  mark  before  "TO"  (see  Wil- 
son's Catalogue)  ;  that  of  1617  having  a  small 
cut  of  the  roval  arms  above  the  titles  of  King 
James  (printed  "  IAMES"),  dedication  ending  *.* 
The  New  Testament  of  this  edition  has  "IN- 
PRINTED  "  at  the  foot  of  the  title.  Edition  of 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  249. 


1634 :  the  royal  arms  with  supporters,  "  C.  R." 
on  either  side,  "  IAMES  "  as  before,  in  centre  of 
dedication,  which  ends  *  #  *.  Edition  of  1640  : 
centre  of  title  differently  set  up,  the  dedication 
surmounted  as  before  with  supporters,  and  "C. 
K.,"  "JAMES"  being  commenced  with  the  proper 
letter.  Other  variations  are  pointed  out  in  Mr. 
Wilson's  Catalogue,  but  the  entire  volume  of  this 
impression  presents  a  peculiar  appearance,  as 
though  printed  with  worn-out  type*  The  New 
Testament  title  is  dated  1639,  and  the  substitu- 
tion of  the  Psalms  from  this  edition  into  incom- 
plete copies  of  the  other  impressions  may  be 
detected,  by  noticing  that  at  Psalm  ex.  the  head- 
line is  printed  "  Psalmes."  N.  T. 


FLOWERS   MENTIONED   BT   SHAKSPEARE. 

Can  any  of  your  Shakspearian  correspondents 
inform  me  what  flower  is  meant  by  "  Cuckoo- 
buds,"   in  the  song  "  When  daisies   pied,"   &c.  ? 
On   referring   to    Johnson's  Dictionary,   I   find : 
"  Cuckoo-bud,  Cuckoo-flower  (Cardaminus,  Lat.)j 
the  name  of  a  flower,"  with  the  quotation  — 
"  When  daisies  pied  and  violets  blue, 
And  cuckoo-buds  of  yellow  hue,"  &c. 

On  turning  to  the  word  "  Cardamine, "  I  find  it 
thus  defined  :  "  In  botany,  the  plant  lady's  smock, 
called  also  the  cuckoo-flower  and  meadow-cress" 
And  again,  under  the  word  "  Lady's  smock,"  I 
find  "  \_Cardamine~\  a  plant,"  with  the  quotation  — 

"  When'daisies  pied  and  violets  blue, 
And  ladysmock  all  silver  white,"  &c. 

Now  it  is  evident  that  Shakspeare  speaks  of  two 
different  flowers,  and  that  the  lexicographer  con- 
founds them,  for  the  same  flower  cannot  be  both 
silver  white  and  of  yellow  line  ;  but  what  I  wish  to 
know  is,  which  of  the  many  meadow  flowers  of  a 
yellow  colour  that  bloom  in  spring  is  the  one  that 
the  poet  calls  by  the  name  of  cuckoo-buds  ?  Is  it 
the  marsh-marigold,  the  lesser  celandine,  the 
crow's  foot,  or  any  other  of  the  numerous  family 
of  Ranunculacea  ?  The  Germans  call  the  wood- 
sorrel  "kuckucks-blume,"  but  this  flower,  although 
yellow,  is  not  a  meadow  plant.  In  Normandy 
the  oxlip  (Primula  clatior}  is  called  "  coucou." 
If  either  of  these  bears  a  similar  name  in  any  part 
of  England,  and  particularly  in  Warwickshire,  it 
may  very  well  be  the  flower  mentioned  in  the 
song. 

Mary-buds,  in  the  beautiful  song  of  "  Hark, 
hark,  the  lark,"  &c.,  is,  I  believe,  generally  re- 
ferred to  the  marigold.  Am  I  right  ? 

The  long  purples  of  Ophelia's  garland  is  another 
plant  about  which  there  appears  to  be  some  un- 
certainty. I  have  seen  the  name  assigned  to  the 
purple  orchis,  but  I  incline  to  think  that  the  arum, 
or  cuckoo's  pint,  is  the  plant  meant.  It  is  spoken 


of  as  bearing  "  a  grosser  name,"  and  although  this 
is  applicable  to  either  of  the  plants,  I  am  confirmed 
in  my  view  by  the  following  passage  in  Crabbe'a 
Parish  Register : 

"  Where  cuckoo-pints  and  dandelions  sprung, 
(Gross  names  had  they  our  plainer  sires  among), 
There  arums,  there  leontodons  we  view." 

What  particular  kind  of  rose  is  that  which  decks 
Titania's  bower,  "sweet  musk-roses?"  Is  it  our 
moss-rose,  or  some  other  now  forgotten  variety  ? 

The  woodbine  and  honeysuckle  are  generally 
considered  to  be  one  and  the  same,  but  in  the 
passage,  — 

"  So  doth  the  woodbine  the  sweet  honeysuckle 
Gently  entwine." 

they  are  evidently  two  different  plants.  What 
then  is  the  woodbine  ?  Is  it  another  creeper,  the 
convolvulus  or  bindweed  ? 

"  Love-in-idleness  "  is  said  to  be  the  pansy,  but 
none  of  the  original  indigenous  varieties  of  this 
flower,  now  so  changed  by  cultivation,  seems  to 
answer  the  description  of — 

-"  The  little  western  flower, 
Before  milk-white,  now  purpled  with  love's  wound." 

I  ought  to  apologise  for  the  length  of  this  string 
of  Queries ;  but  an  interesting  chapter  might  be 
written  on  the  flowers  of  Shakspeare,  and  I  trust 
all  lovers  of  the  great  bard  will  forgive  me. 

EDGAR  MAcCuixocH. 

Guernsey. 


SMITH'S  "DICTIONARIES  OF  ANTIQUITIES." 

(Continued  from  Vol.  vii.,  p.  302.) 
I  send  a  few  errata  in  addition  to  my  previous 
list. 

Dictionary  of  Antiquities. 

Page  182.  a,  AURUM,  for  "11?  :  i,"  read 
ttl!9  •  6  „ 

113  •  12' 

Page  1040.  b,  SERVITS,  for  "  1770?.  16s.,"  read 
"  1770Z.  16s.  8rf." 

Page  1272.  OCTOBER  EQUus,/or  "880.  a,"  read 
"  850.  a." 

Ditto,  after  "oppidum,"  add  "opponere,  527.  a." 

Dictionary  of  Biography. 
Vol.  I, 

Page  8.  b,  ACH^EMENES,  for  "  xiii.  8.,  read 
"  Epod.  xiii.  8." 

Page  251.  a,  APRIES,  for  "Herod.   161.  &c., 
read" Herod,  ii.  161.  &c." 

Page  471.  a,  BASSUS  I,  after  "  by  Ovid,"  insert 
"Tristiaiv.  10.  47." 

Vol.  II. 

Page  538.  b,  HTPERBOLUS,  for  "  Thuc.  vin.  74., 
read  "  73." 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


99 


Vol.  III. 

Page  634.  b,  QUINTILIANUS,  for  "Mart.  xi.  90.," 
read  "  ii.  90." 

Page  736.  b,  SCAUBUS,  for  "  consulship,"  read 
"  censorship." 

Page  815.  a,  SIBYLLA, /or  "Plut.,"  read  "Plat," 

Page  11 91.  a,  TULLUS,  VOLCATIUS,  3,  for  "Cic. 
ad  Fam.  xiii.  41.,"  read  "  xiii.  14." 

Page  1195.  b,  note,  TTPHON,  for  "716.,"  read 
"  713." 

Page  926.  a,  heading,  for  "  Stattis,"  read  "  Strat- 
tis." 

Dictionary  of  Geography. 
Vol.  I. 

Page  384.  b,  BALE,  for  "  Tac.  Ann.  xii.  21.," 
rearf  "xiii.  21." 

Page  502.  b,  CANTHABIS,  for  "Attica,"  read 
"  Athena;." 

Page  781.  b,  DODONA  (in  the  third  quotation), 
for  "  Ao8t«wjr,"  read  "  AwScij^jv." 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

40.  London  Road,  Leicester. 


NAUTICAL  FOLK   LOBE  :   NAMES   OF  SHIPS. 

It  has  been  often  observed  that  our  Admiralty 
are  not  very  fortunate  in  their  selection  of  names 
for  men  of  war ;  and  it  is  well  known  that  there  is 
something  in  a  name  which  attracts  seamen  to 
enter  for  a  particular  ship.  Two  of  our  new 
90  gun  screw  line  of  battle  ships  have  been  named 
the  Cassar  and  the  Hannibal,  although  the  re- 
putation of  either  name  is  not  traditionally  high 
in  the  British  navy. 

The  former  Caesar,  a  ship  of  80  guns,  was  com- 
manded at  Lord  Howe's  victory,  the  battle  of  the 
1st  of  June,  1794,  by  Anthony  James  Pye  Molloy, 
who  was  brought  to  a  court-martial  for  miscon- 
duct on  that  day,  and  in  some  naval  movements 
which  followed  it.  Although,  perhaps,  acquitted 
of  actual  cowardice,  Captain  Molloy  was  disgraced 
and  dismissed  the  Caesar.  I  remember  that  a  sin- 
gular story  was  very  current  in  naval  circles  in 
my  early  days,  that  Captain  Molloy  had  acted 
dishonourably  towards  a  young  lady  whom  he  had 
contracted  to  marry  on  his  return  from  sea. 
Having  violated  his  engagement,  she  brought  an 
action  against  him  for  breach  of  the  promise,  and 
failed ;  but  it  was  said  that  she  indignantly  re- 
proached him  in  open  court,  and  exclaimed, 
"  Molloy,  you  are  a  bad  man  ;  may  your  heart  fail 
you  in  the  day  of  battle !  "  It  was  believed  that 
her  expressions  produced  their  effect,  and  his 
subsequent  conduct  and  fate  proved  a  singular 
realisation  of  her  prayer.  Perhaps  some  of  your 
correspondents  conld  supply  more  full  details. 

Captain  Molloy  was  brought  to  court-martial 
by  his  captain  of  marines,  whose  name  was  Hopper, 
a  native  of  Cork  ;  and  it  is  not  a  little  remarkable 


that  the  same  Captain  Hopper  brought  a  second 
of  his  captains,  John  Williamson  of  the  Agincourt, 
of  64  guns,  to  a  court-martial,  also  for  cowardice 
at  Duncan's  victory,  the  battle  of  Camperdown, 
in  1797.  Williamson  was  broken  for  his  conduct 
on  that  day,  and  declared  incapable  of  ever  serving 
again  in  the  navy. 

The  Hannibal,  of  74  guns,  was  one  of  the  few 
British  line  of  battle  ships  which  were  taken  by 
the  enemy  during  the  last  war.  She  grounded 
under  the  batteries  in  Algeziras  Bay,  in  1801,  and 
although  gallantly  defended  by  her  captain,  Solo- 
mon Ferris,  and  her  crew,  she  ultimately  struck 
her  colours  under  circumstances  somewhat  re- 
sembling the  recent  capture  of  the  ill-fated  steam 
frigate,  Tiger,  near  Odessa,  in  the  Black  Sea. 
Seamen  are  strange  beings  ;  they  preserve  amongst 
themselves  traditions  of  unfortunate  ships,  and 
rarely  reason  very  accurately  as  to  causes. 

W.B. 


SUPPOSED   EAELY   PLAT-BILL. 

In  Mr.  Collier's  History  of  Dramatic  Poetry, 
vol.  iii.  p.  384.,  he  gives  the  following  copy  of  a 
play-bill  (the  original  of  which,  he  says,  was  sold 
among  the  books  of  the  late  Mr.  Bindley),  for  the 
purpose  of  showing  that  Malone  was  "  decidedly 
wrong  "  in  affirming  that  "  the  practice  of  insert- 
ing the  names  of  the  characters  and  of  the  players 
did  not  commence  till  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  century : " 

"  By  His  Majesty's  Company  of  Comedians, 

At  the  New  Theatre  in  Drury  Lane. 
This  Day,  being  Thursday,  April  8,  1663,  will  be  acted, 

A  Comedy  called 
THE  HUMOROUS  LIEUTENANT. 
The  King         -  -    Mr.  Wintersel. 

Demetrius 
Selevers  (Seleucus) 
Leontius 
Lieutenant 
Celia     - 
The  Play  will  begin  at  three  o'clock  exactly. 

Boxes,  4s. ;  Pit,  2s.  Gd. ;  Middle  Gallery,  It.  6d. ; 
Upper  Gallery,  Is." 

There  can  hardly  be  a  doubt,  however,  that  this 
document,  the  only  one  adduced  to  prove  Ma- 
lone's  conjecture  untenable,  is  altogether  spurious. 
In  the  first  place  the  date  of  the  year  is  given,  a 
point  which  may  well  excite  suspicion,  as  it  is  no- 
torious to  all  who  are  familiar  with  old  play-bills, 
that  it  was  not  usual  for  them  to  bear  the  date  of 
the  year  until  as  late  as  1767.  In  the  next  place, 
April  8th,  1663,  did  not  fall  upon  a  Thursday,  but 
upon  a  Wednesday  in  Lent,  when,  with  rare  ex- 
ception, the  theatres  were  closed.  And  lastly,  we 
find  in  the  new  edition  of  Pepys's  Diary,  the  fol- 
lowing entry : 
"  May  8.  (Friday).  —  Took  my  wife  and  Ashwell  to  the 


-  Mr.  Hart. 

-  Mr.  Burt. 

-  Major  Mohun. 

-  Mr.Clun. 

-  Mrs.  Marshall. 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


Theatre  Koyall,  being  the  second  day  of  its  being  opened. 
The  house  is  made  with  extraordinary  good  convenience," 
&c. 

The  natural  inference  therefore  is,  that  the 
house  had  been  opened  for  the  first  time  on  the 
previous  evening  (Thursday,  May  7),  as  it  is 
hardly  conceivable  that  there  would  have  been  an 
interval  of  any  length  between  the  first  and  second 
nights  of  performance.  Moreover,  on  April  22, 
Pepys  had  been  to  the  playhouse  in  Vere  Street, 
which,  on  June  1st,  he  tells  us,  was  abandoned  by 
the  players  when  the  "  royal  one  "  (Drury  Lane) 
was  opened.  The  "  cast "  given  in  Mr.  Bindley's 
bill,  too,  is  evidently  incorrect,  for  we  are  specially 
informed  by  Pepys  on  May  8th,  that,  by  the  king's 
command,  Lucy  acted  the  part  which  had  formerly 
belonged  to  Clun. 

Downes  gives  April  8,  1663,  as  the  date  of  the 
opening  of  the  new  theatre ;  but  his  information  as 
to  the  king's  company  was,  according  to  his  own 
showing,  second-hand,  and  cannot  always  be  de- 
pended upon. 

Your  insertion  of  this  letter  may  perhaps  in- 
terest some  of  the  dramatic  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 

F.L. 

Bloomsbury  Place. 


Swift  and  " The  Toiler" — I  do  not  think  it  has 
been  yet  observed  that  the  germ  of  Swift's 
"  Polite  Conversation "  is  to  be  found  in  The 
Tatler,  No.  31.,  June  21,  1709,  which  was  no 
doubt  written  by  Swift  himself,  who  was  just 
then  in  London,  and  was,  we  know,  a  contributor 
to  The  Tatter. 

I  take  this  occasion  to  observe  what  I  suspect 
to  be  a  mistake,  and  a  very  serious  one,  in  the 
history  of  that  branch  of  literature,  in  Mr.  Alex- 
ander Chalmers'  valuable  introduction  to  the  great 
edition  of  the  British  Essayists. 

Steele,  in  his  preface  to  The  Tatler,  after  ac- 
knowledging in  the  most  ample  manner,  but  only 
in  general  terms,  his  obligation  to  Addison,  begins 
a  new  sentence  with  these  words :  "  The  same 
hand  writ  the  distinguishing  characters  of  men  and 
women  under  the  names  of '  Musical  Instruments ' 
(No.  153.),  'The  Distress  of  the  News-writers' 
(No.  18.),  'The  Inventory  of  the  Play-house' 
(No.  42.),  and  '  The  Description  of  the  Thermo- 
meter' (No.  214.),  which  I  cannot  but  look  upon 
as  the  greatest  embellishment  of  this  work." 

Mr.  Chalmers  seems  to  understand  the  same 
hand  to  mean  that  last  mentioned,  viz.  Addison's  ; 
whereas  I  am  confident  that  it  meant  that  these 
four  pieces  were  by  one  hand,  and  that  not  Addi- 
son's. Nor  is  Mr.  Chalmers  consistent  in  his  in- 
terpretation ;  for  in  his  Index  he  assigns  two  of 
the  four  to  Addison,  and  leaves  two  anonymous. 
The  four  papers  are  all  good,  and  would  not  dis- 


parage the  name  of  Addison;  but  I  think  it  is 
clear  that  they  are  not  his,  but  were  supplied  by 
some  one  who  probably  contributed  nothing  else. 

C. 

Epitaph  on  a  Priest.  —  The  following  strange 
sepulchral  inscription,  which  I  send  as  a  contri- 
bution to  your  other  stores  of  like  matter,  existed 
in  the  chapel  of  the  convent  of  the  "  Murate  "  in 
this  city.  The  convent  was,  with  many  others, 
suppressed  at  the  time  of  the  French  rule  in 
Florence,  and  its  ancient  chapel  is  now  a  printing- 
office.  All  the  documents,  papers,  and  memo- 
randa in  the  possession  of  the  nuns  at  the  period 
of  the  dissolution,  were  taken  possession  of  by 
the  state,  and  preserved  in  the  public  archives. 
Among  them  is  a  MS.  account  of  their  chapel, 
with  copies  of  all  the  inscriptions  that  were  to  be 
found  in  it.  And  of  these  the  following  struck 
me  as  sufficiently  remarkable  to  deserve  noting : 

"  Laurentius  Bandinius  Sacerdotali  munere  insignitus 
tanquatn  Passer  in  quotidiano  sacrificio  adipe  frumenti 
saturatus  in  hoc  Tumulo  invenit  sibi  domum,  et  ad 
instar  Turturis  etiam  posteris  suis  nidum  preparavit. 
Anne  salus  MDCLIII." 

"  Posteris  suis  ?  "  Of  course  we  must  not  do 
such  injury  to  the  memory  of  this  ornithological 
divine,  as  to  suppose  that  his  turtle-dove  pro- 
pensities extended  to  other  points  of  similarity 
besides  that  mentioned  in  the  text.  And  the 
posteri  intended  must  therefore  be  taken  to  be 
nephews  and  nieces  and  their  descendants.  But 
is  this  a  proper  and  authorised  use  of  the  term  ? 
And  could  a  man's  nephews  and  nieces  be  cor- 
rectly termed  his  "  posterity  "  in  our  language  ? 

T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 

"  While"  and  "wile." — An  error  in  our  ortho- 
graphy has  lately  become  widely  prevalent,  and  it 
is  to  be  feared  that,  unless  some  timely  check  be 
put  upon  it,  it  will  firmly  establish  itself  in  our 
language.  The  expression  I  allude  to  is  to  "  while 
away  the  time;"  which  ought  to  be  written  '•'•wile 
away  the  time."  The  difference  between  the  two 
words  need  not  detain  us  long.  While  is  a  noun, 
signifying  "  time,"  and  nothing  else :  and  so  we 
have  it  in  the  expressions,  "  a  long  while"  "  it  is 
not  worth  my  while.'"  Wile,  on  the  contrary,  is 
both  noun  and  verb  :  as  a  noun  it  means  "  guile," 
and  as  a  verb  it  means  "to  beguile;"  being,  in 
fact,  only  another  form  of  the  word  guile,  as  Wil- 
liam is  of  Guillaume,  warden  of  guardian.  The 
result  of  the  whole  is,  that  to  '•'•wile  away  the 
time "  signifies,  to  beguile  the  time  :  to  "  while 
away  the  time  "  means  nothing,  but  w  sheer  non- 
sense. ~  *•'  • 

P.  S.— I  may  remark  that  the  word  while,  used 
as  a  conjunction,  has  the  same  signification,  that 
of  time :  thus,  "  I  was  at  Dover  while  you  were 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


101 


at  Margate,"  is  equivalent  to  "  I  was  at  Dover 
during  the  time  during  which  you  were  at  Mar- 


ScJiool  Libraries  —  Salisbury,  —  In  the  adver- 
tisement to  Hele's  Offices  of  Daily  Devotion 
(edition  printed  for  the  Society  for  Promoting 
Christian  Knowledge,  18mo.,  Lond.,  no  date), 
containing  "  a  short  notice  of  the  author,"  it  is 
stated  that  Mr.  Hele  — 

"  Bequeathed  his  Hebrew  Bible,  and  certain  other 
books,  to  the  Close  School ;  and  as  some  volumes  belong- 
ing to  the  school  library  had  become  intermixed  with  his 
own,  he  specially  desired  that  his  sons  should  take  care 
to  restore  such  volumes  to  their  proper  place." 

J.  MACEAT. 

Oxford. 

Cherries.  —  Have  you  anywhere  chronicled  the 
origin  of  cherries,  and  their  name  also  ? 

"  From  Keresoun,  in  the  Black  Sea,  whence  they  were 
first  introduced  to  Europe  by  Lucullus." 

I  do  not  know  the  date.*  A.  L. 


"HE   THAT   FIGHTS,"   ETC. 

"  He  that  fights  and  runs  away, 
May  live  to  fight  another  day." 

The  above  lines,  constantly  quoted  as  in  Hudi- 
bras,  as  constantly  cited  as  being  in  the  Musarum 
Delicice,  by  Sir  John  Mennis,  apparently  on  the 
authority  of  Lowndes,  are  still,  notwithstanding 
"  N.  &  Q."  correspondence,  Vol.  L,  p.  210.,  open, 
I  submit,  for  verification. 

Observe,  I  have  before  me  the  first  edition, 
London,  18mo.,  Henry  Herringman,  1655,  in 
which  a  former  possessor  has  written,  "It  has 
been  often  said,  by  Lowndes  among  others,  these 
lines,  which  have  been  generally  supposed  to  be  in 
Hudibras,  are  in  this  volume.  This  is  a  mistake. 
There  are  no  lines  bearing  the  least  resemblance 
to  them  here." 

But  the  second  edition,  1656,  has  been  cited  as 
containing  them.  This  edition  has  been  examined 
for  me,  and  I  am  assured  the  lines  are  not  in  that, 
as  Lowndes  states. 

Now  the  reprint  of  1817  was  printed  from  the 
second  edition  of  1656,  and  in  the  preface,  p.  12. 
(1817),  it  is  said  the  first  edition  of  1665  differs 
only  from  the  present  1656  in  several  select  pieces 
of  sportive  wit  standing  in  the  title-page,  instead 
of  several  pieces  of  poetique  wit,  and  in  the  pub- 
lisher's address  to  the  ingenious  reader. 

The  lines,  therefore,  are  not  likely  to  be  in  the 
second  edition  of  the  reprint. 

[*  About  70  B.C.] 


I  observe,  however,  the  first  edition  has  only 
87  pages;  the  second,  Lowndes  says,  has  101  :  the 
reprint  closes  with  page  100,  but  ends  with  the 
same  lines  as  the  first. 

I  am,  however,  assured  these  lines  do  occur  in 
some  edition  of  this  work ;  or  rather,  as  it  does  not 
appear  they  do  in  the  Musarum  Delicice,  first  and 
second  editions,  are  they  to  be  found  in  the  Wits 
Recreations,  1640,  1641,  1654,  or  1663? 

Some  of  your  correspondents  probably  will 
settle  this  question,  which  will  be  of  great  use  if 
it  correct  only  what  appears  to  be  an  error  on 
the  authority  of  Lowndes.  S.  H. 


LOUIS   DE   BEAUFORT. 

Since  the  publication  of  Niebuhr's  work,  and 
the  increased  interest  which  it  has  awakened  re- 
specting the  early  Roman  history,  attention  has 
been  attracted  to  the  researches  of  Beaufort,  who 
was  the  first  to  make  a  systematic  investigation 
of  the  evidences  for  the  history  of  the  first  five 
centuries  of  Rome.  The  first  edition  of  his  work 
(a  copy  of  which  is  lying  before  me)  was  pub- 
lished at  Utrecht  in  1738,  in  one  volume  12iuo., 
consisting  of  a  short  preface  and  348  pages.  The 
title-page  is,  Dissertation  sur  I 'incertitude  des  cinq 
premiers  siecles  de  I'histoire  romaine,  par  Mons. 
L.  D.  B.  An  English  translation  of  this  edition 
is  stated  by  Hooke,  in  his  "  Dissertation  on  the 
Credibility  of  the  First  500  Years  of  Rome"  (in 
his  History'),  to  have  been  published  in  1740.  A 
second  edition  of  this  work,  revised,  corrected, 
and  considerably  augmented,  was  published  at 
the  Hague  in  1750.  Copies  of  the  first  edition 
may  occasionally  be  met  with,  but  I  have  never 
been  able  to  see  a  copy  of  the  second  edition,  and 
should  be  much  obliged  to  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents who  would  inform  me  of  a  library 
where  a  copy  exists.  The  British  Museum  library 
does  not  appear  to  possess  a  copy  either  of  the 
first  or  second  edition,  or  of  the  English  trans- 
lation.* In  the  Preliminary  Discourse  to  the 
Republique  Romaine  (Paris,  1767,  6  vols.  12mo.), 
published  with  M.  de  Beaufort's  name,  his  author- 
ship of  the  Dissertation  is  acknowledged. 

The  account  of  M.  de  Beaufort,  which  is  given 
in  the  Biographic  Universelle,  and  other  French 
biographical  dictionaries,  is  extremely  meagre. 
Niebuhr  (Lect.  on  Roman  History,  vol.  i.  p.  Ixxvii. 
edit.  Schmitz)  says  that  he  was  a  refugee  (i.  e.  a 
Protestant  refugee),  who  had  lived  for  a  long 
time  in  England.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  London ;  he  afterwards  became  pre- 
ceptor of  the  Prince  of  Hesse  Homburg,  and 


[*  The  English  translation  is  in  the  King's  Library, 
British  Museum,  s.  v,  DISSERTATION  :  press-mark,  293. 
b.  11.] 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


died  at  Maestricht  in  1795.  Is  anything  known 
of  his  life  beyond  these  few  particulars  ?  and  is 
there  any  trace  of  his  residence  in  England  ?  As 
he  only  died  in  1795,  there  must  be  persons  now 
alive  who  remember  him.  He  must  have  lived  to 
a  great  age,  for  he  could  scarcely  have  been  less 
than  thirty  when  his  first  publication  appeared.  L. 


POPIANA  :    JAMES  MOOKE   SMITH,   OE  SMTTH. 

Every  reader  of  Pope  knows  how  unenviable  an 
immortality  the  poet  has  conferred  on  Mr.  James 
Moore  Smith,  or  Smyth ;  but  they  are  surprised 
and  disappointed  that  none  of  the  editors  give  any 
account  of  a  gentleman  who  was  distinguished  at 
one  time  by  Pope's  friendship,  as  he  was  after- 
wards by  his  hostility.  We  gather,  incidentally, 
that  his  original  name  was  James  Moore  ;  that  he 
was  the  son  of  Arthur  Moore ;  that  he  assumed 
the  additional  name  of  Smyth;  that  he  was  at 
one  time  intimate  with  Pope,  who  "  rhymed  for 
Moore  ;"  that  he  was  the  author  of  a  play,  called 
The  Rival  Modes ;  and,  finally,  that  he  was  an 
acquaintance  and  correspondent  of  the  Miss 
Blounts,  and  that  to  this  latter  circumstance  has 
been  attributed  the  intense  animosity  with  which 
Pope  seems  to  have  pursued  him. 

Arthur  Moore  was  M.P.,  and  a  man  of  some 
note  in  the  political  world,  of  sufficient  import- 
ance to  be  excepted  from  some  act  of  amnesty,  I 
think  on  the  South  Sea  or  Charitable  Corporation 
affairs.  I  should  be  obliged  by  any  farther  in- 
formation about  him.  I  also  wish  to  know  when 
and  why  James  Moore  took  the  name  of  Smyth ; 
whether  he  was  married,  and  to  whom ;  and  when 
he  died.  C. 


SSHnar 

Marriages  between  Cousins. — What  is  the  reason 
that  writers  of  fiction  in  general  make  cousins  fall 
in  love  with  and  marry  each  other?  We  all 
know  the  consequences  of  such  marriages.  I  am 
afraid  it  is  out  of  the  province  of  "  N.  &  Q."  to 
obtain  answers  to  such  a  question ;  but  if  you 
would  insert  it,  it  would  confer  a  great  obligation 
on  your  old  subscriber,  H.  M. 

Peckham. 

Paterson,  Pounder  of  the  Sank.  —  To  what 
company  did  the  founder  of  the  Bank  of  Eng- 
land, "  William  Paterson,  merchant,"  belong  ?  B. 

Fitchetfs  "King  Alfred."  —  Having  lately  met 
with  the  following  work,  King  Alfred,  a  poem,  by 
John  Fitchett,  in  6  vols.  8vo.,  London,  1841, 
which  appears  to  me  to  have  been,  from  its  size 
and  quantity  of  matter,  a  most  stupendous  un- 


dertaking in  an  individual,  I  shall  feel  indebted 
to  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  who  will  give  me, 
or  refer  me  to,  a  biographical  memoir  of  Mr. 
Fitchett,  and  inform  me  how  long  his  labours 
occupied  him,  &c.  I  observe  the  respected  name 
of  Roscoe  appears  as  the  editor.  2.  (1) 

"  Albert  sur  les  Operations  de  FAme"  — 

"  Albert,  premier  Medecin  du  Roi  de  Prusse,  dans  son 
traite1  sur  les  operations  de  Tame,  •  a  bien  explique  1'action. 
de  Pargile  dans  la  Tarentula,  et  de  1'eau  dans  1'hydro- 
phobie.  II  les  croit  la  meme  maladie."  —  Essai  sur  le 
Magnetisme,  par  B.  Charlier,  Brussels,  1803,  p.  31. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  help  me  to  the  passage 
in  Albert's  writings,  or  say  where  I  can  find  any 
account  of  him  ?  A.  J. 

Anointing  of  Bishops. — It  is  stated  by  Strype, 
in  his  Memorials  of  Archbishop  Cranmer,  that  on 
Sunday,  Sept.  5,  1547,  Nicholas  Ridley  "was 
consecrated  Bishop  of  Rochester  by  Henry,  Bishop- 
of  Lincoln,"  and  others,  "  according  to  the  old 
custom  of  the  Church,  by  the  unction  of  holy 
chrism,  as  well  as  imposition  of  hands."  That  on 
Sunday,  Sept.  9,  in-  the  following  year,  "  Robert 
Farrar  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  St.  David's  by 
Thomas,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  endued  with 
his  pontificals,"  and  others.  "  Then  certain  hymns, 
psalms,  and  prayers  being  recited,  together  with 
a  portion  of  Scripture  read  in  the  vulgar  tongue 
out  of  St.  Paul's  Epistles,  and  the  Gospel  of  St. 
Matthew,  the  Archbishop  celebrated  the  sacra- 
ment of  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ."  The 
Communion,  we  are  afterwards  informed,  was  dis- 
tributed in  English.  That  on  June  29,  1550, 
"  John  Ponet  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Rochester 
at  Lambeth;"  and  that  "this  ceremony  was  per- 
formed with  all  the  usual  ceremonies  and  habits;" 
that  the  Archbishop,  "having  on  his  mitre  and 
cope,  usual  in  such  cases,  went  into  his  chapel 
handsomely  and  decently  adorned,  to  celebrate  the 
Lord's  Supper  according  to  the  custom  and  by 
prescript  of  the  book  intituled  'The  Book  of 
Common  Service  ;' "  and  that  the  bishops  "  assist- 
ing, and  having  their  surplices  and  copes  on,  and 
their  pastoral  staves  in  their  hands,  led  Dr.  John 
Ponet,  endued  with  the  like  habits,  in  the  middle 
of  them  unto  the  most  reverend  father ;"  and  he 
was  "  elected,  and  consecrated,  and  endued  with 
the  episcopal  ornaments." 

My  Queries  are  :  Was  Nicholas  Ridley  the  last 
bishop  who  was  consecrated  by  the  unction  of  the 
holy  chrism  ?  Was  Robert  Farrar  the  first  who 
was  consecrated  without  it  ?  When  were  the 
mitre  and  pastoral  staff,  spoken  of  at  the  consecra- 
tion of  John  Ponet,  last  used  ?  O.  S. 

Oxford. 

Justice  George  Wood. — Having  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  looking  into  Shaw's  History  of  Stafford- 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


shire,  referred  to  by  your  obliging  correspondent 
MB.  HUGHES,  without  being  so  fortunate  as  to 
succeed  in  discovering  any  particulars  relating  to 
the  above-named  gentleman,  MR.  HUGHES  will 
perhaps  be  so  good,  in  order  to  assist  my  farther 
search,  as  to  name  the  pages  in  Shaw  where  the 
desired  information  may  be  sought  for. 

Having  observed  in  a  foot-note  to  Lysons' 
Mag.  Britannia,  Cheshire,  p.  501.,  that  Hall-o'- 
Wood,  in  Balterley,  situate  partly  in  Cheshire 
and  partly  in  Staffordshire,  is  said  to  have  been 
built  by  Chief  Justice  Thomas  Wood  early  in  the 
sixteenth  century,  it  occurs  to  me  that  Justice 
George  Wood  might  have  been  a  descendant  of 
the  Chief  Justice.  And  probably  MB.  HUGHES, 
or  some  other  of  your  genealogical  correspondents, 
can  throw  light  on  the  subject,  and  furnish  the 
arms  those  judges  bore,  which  would  tend  to 
establish  a  family  connexion  between  them. 

CESTBIENSIS. 

Old  Map  of  Mendip,  co.  Somerset.  —  I  have  a 
large  and  old  oil  painting  by  me,  with  the  follow- 
ing title  over  it,  "  Meyndeepe,  with  its  adjacent 
villages  and  laws."  It  is  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the 
hills,  and  its  mineries,  and  is  surrounded  by  por- 
traits of  the  many  parish  churches  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. On  each  side  are  the  curious  "  minery 
laws,"  which  appear  to  have  been  drawn  up  by 
"My  Lord  Chocke,"  whom  "King  Edward  ye 
Fourth  ordered  to  goe  downe  into  ye  county  of 
Meyndeepe,  to  sett  a  concord  and  peace,  upon 
Meyndeepe,  upon  paine  of  his  high  displeasure ; " 
there  being,  at  that  time,  a  great  dispute  "be- 
tween my  Lord  Bonvill's  tenants  of  Chuton,  and 
the  Prior  of  Green  Oare." 

I  am  anxious  to  know  if  this  map  has  been  en- 
graved, and  when  ?  Or,  are  any  of  your  readers 
in  possession  of  a  similar  one  ?  Will  some  Somer- 
setshire or  other  reader  of  the  "  N.  &  Q."  en- 
lighten me  ?  W.  G. 
Bristol. 

Black  Livery  Stockings.  —  In  Southey's  Letters 
from  Spain  and  Portugal,  London,  1808,  p.  199. : 

"  A  Duke  of  Medina  Celi  formerly  murdered  a  man, 
and  as  the  court  would  not,  or  could  not,  execute  so 
powerful  a  noble,  they  obliged  their  pages  to  wear  black 
stockings,  and  always  to  have  a  gallows  standing  before 
their  palace  door.  The  late  king  permitted  them  to  re- 
move the  gallows,  but  the  black  stockings  still  remain  a 
singular  badge  of  ignominy." 

Can  any  of  the  English  families  whose  liveries 
have  black  stockings  be  traced  to  a  similar  origin  ? 

W.  M.  M. 

Thomas  Rolf.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  information  as  to  the  history  of  Thomas  Rolf, 
who  was  buried  in  the  Church  of  St.  Catherine, 
Gosfield,  Essex,  about  the  year  1440  ?  On  the 
altar-tomb  is  his  effigy  in  brass,  with  the  subjoined 


inscription,  in  which  he  is  called  professor  of  law. 
Manning,  in  his  List  of  Monumental  Brasses,  styles 
him  "Thomas  Rolf,  Judge"  In  the  Manual  of 
Monumental  Brasses,  published  by  the  Oxford 
Society,  he  is  called  "  professor  of  law."  Is  the 
term  "  professor  of  law  "  synonymous  with  that  of 
"serjeant  at  law?"  for  in  the  Oxford  Manual 
the  robes  of  the  judges  and  barons  of  the  Exche- 
quer are  said  to  consist  of  the  coif  or  skull-cap,  a 
long  robe  with  narrow  sleeves,  a  hood,  a  tippet, 
and  a  mantle  buttoned  on  the  right  shoulder. 
The  dress  of  serjeant  at  law  was  the  same,  with 
the  exception  of  the  mantle,  which  they  did  not 
wear ;  and  to  their  hoods  two  labels  were  attached. 
Thomas  Rolf  has  the  latter  dress.  Must  not  Mr. 
Manning,  therefore,  have  been  mistaken  in  sup- 
posing him  to  have  been  upon  the  bench  ?  May 
he  not  have  been  an  ancestor  of  Thomas  Monsey 
Rolf,  Lord  Cranworth,  now  Lord  Chancellor  ? 

"  Quadringenteno :  semel.  M.  quat'  X  numerato  Juni 
viceno  septeno  consociato.  Legi  p'fessus:  sic  Thomas 
Rolf  requiescit,  morbis  dep'ssus,  huic  Xp'i  vera  quies  sit. 
J&&  dedit  ip'e  satis  miserisque  viris  maculatis.  Came 
p'stratis ;  et  virginibus  bona  gratis.  Int'  Juristas,  quasi 
flos  enituit  iste,  mortis  post  istos  ritus  vivat  tibi  Xp'e. 
Celi  gemma  bona ;  succurre  reo  Katerina,  mitis  patrona ; 
sis  huic  Thome  Medicina." 

W.  T.  T. 

Ipswich. 

"  Emsdorjffsfame"  8fC.  —  I  am  anxious  to  pro- 
cure a  copy  of  a  metrical  address  to  the  15th 
Regiment  of  Hussars,  commencing  : 

"  EmsdorfPs  fame  unfurl'd  before  you, 
Brave  Fifteenth,  your  standards  rear," 

and  to  learn  the  author's  name.  Perhaps  your 
correspondent  MB.  H.  L.  MANSEL  can  supply  a 
copy  of  this  address,  and  furnish  the  name  of  its 
author,  as  he  lately  published  in  your  columns 
some  valuable  details  relative  to  the  battle  of 
Villers-en-Couche,  in  which  the  gallant  15th 
Hussars  also  distinguished  themselves.  Were  the 
above  words  ever  set  to  music  ?  JUVEBNA. 

"  Platonism  Exposed"  —  I  have  a  theological 
pamphlet  of  128  pages,  the  title-page  of  which  is 
lost,  and  the  running  title  is  "  A  Candid  Inquiry." 
From  the  matter  and  print,  I  suppose  it  to  be  of 
about  the  middle  of  the  last  century.  The  author 
says,  at  p.  42. : 

"  Had  Lord  Bolingbroke  been  a  Greek  scholar,  he  would 
not  have  taken  his  notions  of  the  Platonic  Trinity  from 
Platonism  Exposed,  which  is  itself  the  compilation  of  one 
who  also  took  his  learning  at  second  hand." 

Again,  at  p.  80. : 

"  Platonism  Exposed  would  look  very  meagre,  if  the 
unacknowledged  obligations  to  Bayle  and  Le  Clerc  were 
withdrawn.  The  author  had  no  Greek." 

Platonism  Exposed  seems  to  have  been  a  well- 
known  work,  from  the  way  in  which  it  is  men- 
tioned. Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  what  it 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


is,  and  where  it  is  to  be  found  ?  I  shall  be  glad 
to  know  the  title-page  or  author  of  the  pamphlet 
above  mentioned.  P.  A. 

Brasses  restored. — Can  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents inform  me  of  a  way  in  which  the  ancient 
brasses,  which  are  to  be  found  in  some  of  the 
country  churches,  may  be  rendered  visible,  and 
the  inscriptions  made  legible  ? 

JOHN  STANLEY,  M.A. 

Sassanian  Inscriptions.  —  In  Buckingham's 
Travels  in  Assyria,  vol.  i.  p.  473.,  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"  Between  the  second  and  third  cave  is  a  figure  of  a 
Sassanian  monarch  on  horseback,  with  a  Roman  prisoner 
supplicating  him  in  the  act  of  kneeling.  Behind  this  is 
an  inscription  of  at  least  one  hundred  lines  in  the  Sassa- 
nian character,  which  might  easily  be  copied." 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me 
whether  this  inscription,  apparently  at  Nakhsch- 
i-Rustam,  near  Persepolis,  has  been  copied,  and 
where  it  is  to  be  found  ?  I  am  certain  no  inscrip- 
tion of  that  length  is  to  be  found  either  in  Porter 
or  Ouseley ;  but  not  being  able  to  consult  either, 
I  cannot  tell  whether  they  mention  it  at  all.  The 
Nakhsch-i-Rustam  inscriptions  in  De  Sacy  are 
very  short. 

Have  any  better  transcripts  of  the  Sassanian 
inscriptions  at  the  Takht-i-Jemschid  been  pub- 
lished than  those  given  in  Ouseley 's  Travels, 
vol.  ii.  ? 

Coste  and  Flandin  spent  some  time  at  Persepolis 
in  particular ;  and,  possibly,  their  large  work  on 
Persia  may  answer  my  Queries.  If  so,  I  should 
be  much  obliged  by  the  references  from  any  one 
who  can  and  will  consult  it.  W.  H.  S. 

Greatest  Happiness  of  the  greatest  Number.  — 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  trace  to  its  origin 
the  theory  of  "  the  greatest  happiness  of  the 
greatest  number,"  which  we  are  accustomed  to 
identify  with  the  name  of  Jeremy  Bentham  ? 

It  is  laid  down  at  the  opening  of  the  well- 
known  work  of  that  truly  great  man  Beccaria, 
Dei  Delitti  e  delle  Pene,  in  these  words,  "  La 
massima  felicita  divisa  nel  maggior  numero."  Bec- 
caria's  Treatise  was  first  published  in  the  year 
1764.  WM.  EWAKT. 

University  Club. 

Choke  Damp. — Wanted,  the  method  of  making 
choke  damp  for  putting  out  coal-pit  fires  :  the  pit 
of  a  friend  has  unfortunately  caught  fire. 

EDWAKD  HOGG. 

Remarkable  Prediction.  —  I  cut  the  annexed 
slip  out  of  a  recent  number  of  the  Staffordshire 
Advertiser,  as  it  has  evident  marks  of  modern 
fabrication  about  it.  Perhaps  the  Bristol  Mirror 
will  reflect  a  little  more  light  upon  the  old  volume 
of  predictions,  and  let  the  world  know  who  the 


gentleman  referred  to  is ;  or,  at  all  events,  give  us 
the  full  title  of  the  book. 

"  Remarkable.  Prediction. — The  following  is  taken  from 
an  old  volume  of  predictions,  written  in  the  fifteenth 
century,  and  now  in  the  possession  of  a  gentleman  resid- 
ing at  Chard,  Somerset : 

'  In  twice  two  hundred  years  the  Bear 

The  Crescent  will  assail ; 
But  if  the  Cock  and  Bull  unite, 

The  Bear  will  not  prevaiL 
In  twice  ten  years  again, 

Let  Islam  know  and  fear, 
The  Cross  shall  stand, 
The  Crescent  wane,  dissolve,  and  disappear.' 

Bristol  Mirror." 

KICUAED  GEIEVE. 
Lichfield. 

The  late  Rev.  James  Plumptre.  —  I  beg  to  ask 
whether  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  can  inform  me 
in  whose  hands  are  the  papers  of  the  clergyman 
above  named,  who  was  formerly  Vicar  of  Great 
Gransden,  Huntingdonshire,  and  the  author  of 
various  works  ?  My  object  in  this  inquiry  is 
purely  literary.  D. 

Leonard  Welste'd.  —  I  persuade  myself  that 
next  to  answering  a  question  the  best  thing  is  to 
ask  one,  all  reasonable  inquiry  and  search  having 
been  previously  made.  On  this  self-approving 
principle  I  proceed  to  trouble  you.  We  have 
acres  of  notes,  old  and  new,  to  The  Dunciad,  and 
are  therefore  pretty  well  informed  about  Welsted ; 
but  there  is  a  reference  to  him  in  a  note  by  Pope 
on  the  Prologue  to  the  Satires,  wherein  we  are 
told,  "This  man  had  the  impudence  to  tell,  in 
print,  that  Mr.  P.  had  occasioned  a  lady's  death, 
and  to  name  a  person  he  had  never  heard  of." 
Where  was  "  Welsted's  lie  "  circulated,  and  who 
was  the  lady  named  ?  W.  L. 


toft!) 

Druids  and  Druidism.  — Whoever  will  mention 
the  names  of  any  books  on  Druidism  or  Druidical 
remains  will  oblige  me  very  much.  What  others 
are  there  besides  Toland  and  Higgins  ? 

L.  M.  M.  R. 

[Consult  a  valuable  tractate,  entitled  The  Patriarchal 
Religion  of  Britain,  or  a  Complete  Manual  of  Ancient 
British  Druidism,  by  the  Rev.  D.  James,  8vo.,  1836 ;  also 
An  Inquiry  into  the  Patriarchal  and  Druidical  Religion, 
Temples,  frc.,  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  Cooke,  1754 ;  Dr.  James 
Parsons'  Remains  of  Japhet,  4to.,  1767 ;  Britannia  after 
the  Romans,  4to.,  1837 ;  Identity  of  the  Religions  called 
Druidical  and  Hebrew,  demonstrated  from  the  Nature  and 
Objects  of  their  Worship,  12mo.,  1829;  Encyclopedia  Bri- 
tannica,  under  the  words  BARDS  and  DRUIDS.  About  the 
year  1792,  a  short  sketch  of  "Bardfsm,"  which  was  a 
component  part  of  Druidism,  was  given  by  the  celebrated 
Welsh  philologist,  William  Owen,  Esq. :  it  was  embodied 
in  his  Introduction  to  the  Heroic  Elegies  of  Llywarch  Hen. 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


Two  years  after  appeared  an  Epitome  of  the  Druidic  Sys- 
tem, by  Edward  Williams,  the  venerable  bard  of  Glamor- 
gan :  it  will  be  found  at  the  close  of  the  second  volume  of 
his  Lyric  and  Pastoral  Poems.  In  1804  the  Rev.  Edward 
Davies  published  his  Celtic  Researches  on  the  Origin,  Tra- 
ditions, and  Language  of  the  Ancient  Britons.  This  work 
is  interspersed  with  valuable  notices  on  the  subject  of 
Druidism,  and  supplies  the  deficiencies  of  preceding 
writers.] 

Psalm  Ixviii.  4.  —  In  our  present  editions  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  this  verse  reads  "  Praise 
Him  in  His  name  JAH,  and  rejoice  before  Him." 
In  all  the  early  editions,  viz.  those  of  Elizabeth 
and  James  I.,  in  the  sealed  copy  of  the  last  Re- 
vision in  the  Tower  of  London,  and  in  the  edition 
of  1662,  and  others,  printed  from  it,  and  in  the 
Prayer  Books  of  1707,  the  reading  is  "Praise 
Him  in  His  name,  yea  and  rejoice  before  Him." 

I  do  not  possess  an  edition  between  1707  and 
the  present  century,  and  cannot  tell  how  much 
longer  the  latter  reading  was  continued.  Can 
you  give  the  information  at  what  time,  and  by 
what  authority,  the  alteration  was  made  ? 

VOKABOS. 

[We  have  before  us  The  Booke  of  Common  Prayer,  pre- 
pared by  authority  of  Archbishop  Laud,  for  the  use  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  Edinburgh,  1637,  fol.,  in  which  the 
reading  is  Jah.  Lewis,  in  his  History  of  the  Translations 
of  the  Bible,  p.  129.,  edit.  1818,  speaking  of  Cranmer's,  or 
the  Great  Bible  of  1539,  says,  "  According  to  this  trans- 
lation were  the  Psalms,  Epistles,  and  Gospels,  &c.  in  our 
Liturgy,  with  very  little  variation,  of  which  this  is  one, 
that  whereas  in  this  edition  of  1539,  Psalm  Ixviii.  4.  is 
rendered  '  Praise  him  in  his  name  JAH,  and  rejoice  before 
Him,'  by  some  mistake  or  other  the  word  Jah,  in  the  after 
editions,  is  printed  Yea."~\ 

Coroners'  Inquests  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  483.  "  Notices  to 
Correspondents"). — I  find  in  my  note-book  the 
following  extract  from  the  register  of  Denton 
Church,  Hunts  (the  church  in  which  Sir  Robert 
Cotton  was  baptized)  : 

"  Anno  1678.  John,  the  son  of  Will.  Callis,  was  drowned 
25th  of  Aprill,  and  buried  28th,  after  ye  coroner  had  past 
his  verdict  upon  him.  Anno  p.  dicto." 

I  also  made  the  following  extract  from  the  same 
register : 

"  1704  April  ye  9th,  collected  on  ye  Brief  for  ye  poor 
Protestants,  ye  sum  of  ten  shillings.  Collected  at  yc  same 
time,  on  ye  Wapping  Brief,  ye  sum  of  three  shillings." 

Who  were   the   "poor   Protestants"   thus  re- 
lieved; and  for  what  was  "the  Wapping  brief?" 
CUTHBEBT  BEDE,  B.A. 

[The  London  Gazette  of  Dec.  20-23,  1703,  contains  the 
following  order :  "  Whereas  Her  Majesty  has  been  gra- 
ciously pleased  to  grant  a  brief  for  a  collection  towards 
the  relief  of  the  poor  sufferers  by  the  late  dreadful  fire  at 
Execution  Dock  in  Wapping,  near  London,  most  of  whom 
are  seamen,  aea  artificers,  and  poor  seamen's  widows, 
whose  loss  amounts  to  13,040/."  In  the  Postman  of 
Feb.  1-3,  1704,  it  is  stated  that  "On  Sunday  last  Her 
Majesty's  Brief  for  the  relief  of  the  persecuted  Protestants 
of  Orange  was  published,  not  only  in  most  of  the  churches, 


but  also  in  the  meeting-houses  of  the  Protestant  Dis- 
senters of  the  city."] 

"  Talliages." — Can  any  of  your  readers  inform 
me  of  what  talliages  consisted  ?  I  am  aware  of 
their  general  nature,  but  I  want  to  know  whether 
they  were  imposed  on  individuals  or  on  parishes, 
and  by  whom  and  by  what  authority  ?  It  was  no 
uncommon  thing  for  charitably  disposed  persons 
to  leave  property  to  a  parish,  in  aid  of  its  "  rents, 
talliages,  and  assessments."  C.  F.  K. 

[Talliage  was  a  general  word  including  all  subsidies, 
taxes,  tenths,  or  other  charges  laid  upon  any  person. 
Madox,  in  his  History  of  the  Exchequer,  p.  480.,  fol.,  says, 
"  There  were  two  sorts  of  talliage :  one  paid  to  the  king, 
the  other  to  a  subordinate  lord.  The  talliage  rendered  to 
the  king  was  raised  upon  his  demesnes,  escheats,  and 
wardships,  and  upon  the  burghs  and  towns  of  the  realm. 
In  the  elder  times  it  was  usually  called  donum  and  assisa. 
Donum  was  used  with  great  latitude.  To  avoid  confusion, 
I  have  in  my  own  mind  reduced  its  meaning  to  two  or 
three  particular  heads :  that  is  to  say,  when  it  was  paid 
for  or  out  of  lands  which  were  not  of  military  tenure,  it 
signified  hidage ;  when  it  was  [paid  out  of  knights'  fees, 
it  was  scutage;  and  when  it  was  paid  by  towns  and 
burghs,  it  was  talliage  :  or  it  signified  in  general,  accord- 
ing as  it  was  applied,  either  aid,  scutage,  or  talliage."] 

Pengwern  Hall.  —  In  the  neighbourhood  of 
Llangollen  is  a  farm-house  named  Pengwern 
Hall,  some  portions  of  which  bear  marks  of  an- 
tiquity :  as,  for  instance,  in  the  Shippon  are  two 
pointed,  trefoil,  arched  windows  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  in  another  outbuilding  a  debased 
window  of  the  same  antiquity;  while  within  the 
house  there  is  what  is  there  styled  a  crypt,  with 
groined  roof,  which  is  stated  or  supposed  to  be  of 
great  antiquity.  I  have  looked  in  all  the  guide- 
books, and  in  Pennant,  who  state  that  this  was 
an  old  palace  of  Tudor  Trevor,  who  flourished 
A.D.  924.  Can  any  of  your  correspondents  give  a 
more  full  account  than  the  brief  statement  con- 
tained in  the  guide-books?  or  refer  me  to  any 
source  for  information  ? 

There  is  a  confused  tradition  in  the  neighbour- 
hood about  some  king  buried  at  Pengwern :  who  ? 

F.  R.  I. 

[Llys  Pengwern  now  forms  a  portion  of  Mostyn  Hall, 
the  seat  of  Lord  Mostyn,  of  which  a  detailed  account 
is  given  in  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  vol.  xvii. 
pp.  727-36.] 

Prince  Charles's  House  in  Derby. — Can  any 
one  give  me  information  of  an  old  house  in  Derby, 
said  to  have  been  occupied  by  Prince  Charles, 
while  he  was  in  that  town  ?  I  have  heard  lately 
that  such  a  house  still  exists,  and  that  it  is  likely 
to  be  pulled  down,  if  some  one  who  values  the 
associations  connected  with  it  does  not  save  it. 

L.  M.  M.  R. 

[This  house,  situate  in  Full  Street,  is  noticed  by  Pil- 
kington  and  Lysons,  who  state  that  at  the  time  Charles 
Edward  Stuart  entered  the  town  (December  4,  1745)  it 
belonged  to  the  Earl  of  Exeter.  In  1789  it  was  occupied 
by  a  Mr.  Bingham,  and  in  1817  by  Mr.  Edwards.] 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


Singed  Vellum.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
assist  me  in  the  following  case  ?  A  few  years  ago 
the  vicarage  house  of  an  adjoining  parish  was 
burnt  down.  The  parish  register,  consisting  of 
several  old  volumes  in  vellum,  received  consider- 
able injury.  At  the  first  glance  they  have  the 
appearance  of  masses  of  charred  wood.  The 
edges  of  the  leaves,  for  half  an  inch  to  an  inch 
inwards,  have  been  burnt  away ;  and  the  re- 
mainder of  each  volume,  although  not  destroyed, 
has  been  rendered  useless  by  the  action  of  the 
heat.  These  leaves,  instead  of  being  flat^  and 
smooth,  as  heretofore,  are  now  curled,  twisted, 
contracted,  contorted,  involuted,  convoluted,  and 
crumpled  together  so  densely  and  so  rigidly, 
that  they  resist  all  attempts,  except  violence,  to 
separate  them.  But  violence  is  destruction,  be- 
cause the  heat  and  the  dryness  have  rendered 
them  brittle.  Any  attempt  to  unfold  them  from 
their  present  involutions  only  cracks  them.  The 
writing  is  brown  from  age,  as  in  other  MSS.  of 
equal  date,  but  has  received  no  manifest  injury 
from  the  fire. 

My  Query  is  this :  Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  whether  there  is  a  process  by  which 
vellum,  in  such  a  state,  may  be  softened  and  un- 
folded, without  injury  to  the  writing  ? 

PETER  HUTCHINSON. 

Sidmouth. 

[If  our  correspondent  refers  to  Sims'  Handbook  to  the 
Library  of  the  British  Museum,  p.  26.,  he  will  find  that, 
since  1842,  no  less  than  one  hundred  volumes  written 
upon  vellum,  and  ninety-seven  upon  paper,  which  were 
among  the  burnt  fragments  of  the  Cottonian  MSS.,  have 
been  restored  under  the  directions  of  Sir  Frederick  Madden, 
the  present  keeper  of  the  MSS.  Having  had  occasion 
recently  to  consult  one  of  these,  namely,  the  MS.  of  the 
French  version  of  the  Ancren  Rewle,  described  in  our 
Ninth  Volume,  p.  6.,  we  can  speak  to  the  great  skill  with 
which  that  unique  volume  has  been  flattened  and  ren- 
dered fit  for  use.  —  ED.  "  N.  &  Q."] 


itqjttak 

LORD   BACON   AND    SHAK.SPEARE.     j 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  438.) 

The  suggestion  of  THETA  for  an  inquiry  why 
these  two  great  cotemporaries  make  no  mention 
of  each  other,  has  not,  I  believe,  produced  any 
result.  It  might,  I  think,  be  very  reasonably  ac- 
counted for  by  several  circumstances  of  dissimi- 
larity of  condition  and  pursuits,  and  especially  the 
fact  that  Shakspeare  died  before  Bacon  had  pub- 
lished, or  perhaps  written,  any  of  his  celebrated 
works,  or  was  otherwise  known  than  as  a  success- 
ful lawyer.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  Bacon 
must  have  seen  some  of  Shakspeare's  plays  acted, 
and  may  even  have  read  some  of  them  in  the  im- 
perfect quartos ;  but  the  first  collection  of  them  in 
the  folio  of  1623  was  but  three  years  prior  to 


Bacon's  death,  who  could  not,  till  then,  have  been 
acquainted  with  the  full  extent  of  Shakspeare'a 
genius ;  and  at  that  late  period,  or  even  earlier,  it 
is  not  likely  that  the  great  legist  and  philosopher 
should  have  any  occasion  to  allude  to  the  great 
dramatist  and  poet.  These  reasons  might,  I  think, 
reasonably  account  for  the  mutual  silence  of  their 
works ;  but  I  suspect  that  Bacon  and  Shakspeare 
knew  much  more  of  each  other  than  either  had 
any  ambition  to  record.  We  know  but  too  well 
how  little  satisfaction  Bacon  could  have  had  in 
recalling  to  notice  the  proceedings  against  Essex 
and  Southampton,  in  which  a  tragedy  of  Richard 
II.  formed  a  prominent  feature.  This  tragedy, 
altered  for  the  occasion,  the  actors  were  bribed  to 
play  the  night  before  Essex's  insurrection,  to  in- 
flame the  public  mind ;  and  I  cannot  but  suspect 
that  Shakspeare  himself  was  employed  by  South- 
ampton on  this  occasion,  and  that  Southampton's 
long  friendship  and  munificent  patronage  of  Shak- 
speare date  from  this  event ;  and  if  so,  there  was 
good  reason  why  Bacon  and  Shakspeare  should 
not  have  much  liked  bringing  their  names  to- 
gether. C. 


COLERIDGE  S  LECTURES   ON   SHAKSPEARE. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  1.) 

Every  friend  and  admirer  of  the  genius  and 
superior  talents  with  which  Samuel  Taylor  Cole- 
ridge was  gifted,  and  of  the  eloquent  and  exube- 
rant manner  in  which  he  poured  forth  his  thoughts, 
must  be  delighted  with  the  announcement  MR. 
COLLIER  has  made  of  the  discovery  of  his  missing 
short-hand  notes  of  Coleridge's  lectures  on  Shak- 
speare. The  quotations  he  promises  *  will  be  anx- 
iously looked  for  by  the  public  generally,  more 
particularly  by  his  relatives,  friends,  and  school- 
fellows. I  am  one  of  the  few  of  his  cotemporaries 
at  Christ's  Hospital  that  now  remain. 

MR.  COLLIER,  in  his  communication  to  "  N.  & 
Q.,"  states,  that  "for  Coleridge's  third  lecture, 
and  indeed  for  the  remainder  of  the  series,  he 
made  no  preparation,  and  was  liked  better  than 
ever,  and  vociferously  and  heartily  cheered.  The 
reason  was  obvious,  for  what  came  from  the  heart 
of  the  speaker  went  warm  to  the  heart  of  the 
hearer ;  and  though  the  illustrations  might  not  be 
so  good,  yet  being  extemporaneous,  and  often 
from  objects  immediately  before  his  eyes,  they 
made  more  impression,  and  seemed  to  have  more 
aptitude." 

In  the  first  edition  of  Coleridge's  Literary  Re- 
mains^, vol.  ii.  p.  4.,  is  a  letter  from  him  to  Mr. 


[  *  We  shall  have  the  pleasure  of  printing-  a.  farther  com- 
munication from  MR.  COLLIER  on  this  interesting  subject 
in  our  next  Number.  —  ED.  "N.  &  Q-"] 

t  In  this  volume  are  many  extracts,  taken  from  a  MS. 
common-place  book  in  my  possession. 


Aua.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


Britton,  in  which  he  thus  correctly  corroborates 
MR.  COLLIER'S  description  of  the  delivery  of  his 
thoughts  and  feelings  at  his  lectures  : 

"The  day  of  the  lecture,  till  the  hour  of  commence- 
ment," Mr.  Coleridge  says,  "  I  devote  to  the  consideration, 
What  of  the  mass  before  me  is  best  fitted  to  answer  the 
purposes  of  a  lecture  ?  that  is,  to  keep  the  audience  awake 
and  interested  during  the  delivery,  and  to  leave  a  sting 
behind  ;•  that  is,  a  disposition  to  study  the  subject  anew, 
under  the  light  of  a  new  principle.  Several  times,  how- 
ever, partly  from  apprehension  respecting  my  health  and 
animal  spirits,  partly  from  my  wish  to  possess  copies  that 
might  afterwards  be  marketable  among  the  publishers,  I 
have  previously  written  the  lecture;  but  before  I  had 
proceeded  twenty  minutes  I  have  been  obliged  to  push 
the  MS.  away,  and  give  the  subject  a  new  turn.  Nay, 
this  was  so  notorious,  that  many  of  my  auditors  used  to 
threaten  me,  when  they  saw  any  number  of  written  papers 
on  my  desk,  to  steal  them  away,  declaring  they  never  felt 
so  secure  of  a  good  lecture  as  when  they  perceived  that  I 
had  not  a  single  scrap  of  writing  before  me.  I  take  far, 
far  more  pains  than  would  go  to  the  set  composition  of  a 
lecture,  both  by  varied  reading  and  by  meditation ;  but 
for  the  words,  illustrations,  &c.,  I  know  almost  as  little  as 
any  one  of  the  audience  (that  is,  those  of  anything  like 
the  same  education  with  myself)  what  they  will  be  five 
minutes  before  the  lecture  begins.  Such  is  my  way,  for 
such  is  my  nature ;  and  in  attempting  any  other  I  should 
only  torment  myself  in  order  to  disappoint  my  auditors, — 
torment  myself  during  the  delivery,  I  mean ;  for  in  all 
other  respects  it  would  be  a  much  shorter  and  easier  task 
to  deliver  them  in  writing." 

My  late  friend  Dr.  Dibdin  also  thus  describes 
Coleridge's  powers  in  lecturing  and  conversation. 
There  are  none,  indeed,  of  his  friends  that  could 
not  bear  testimony  to  the  wonderful  facility  and 
the  sweet  tones  in  which  he  gave  utterance  to  his 
thoughts : 

"  I  shall  never  forget  the  effect  his  conversation  made 
upon  me  at  the  first  meeting.  It  struck  me  as  something 
not  only  quite  out  of  the  ordinary  course  of  things,  but  as 
an  intellectual  exhibition  almost  matchless ;  there  seemed 
to  be  no  dish  like  Coleridge's  conversation  to  feed  upon, 
and]  no  information  so  varied  and  so  instructive  as  his 
own.  The  orator  rolled  himself  up  as  it  were  in  his  chair, 
and  gave  the  most  unrestrained  indulgence  to  his  speech ; 
and  how  fraught  with  acuteness  and  originality  was  that 
speech ;  and  in  what  copious  and  elegant  periods  did  it 
flow !  As  I  retired  homewards,  I  thought  a  second  John- 
son had  visited  the  earth,  to  make  wise  the  sons  of  men ; 
and  regretted  that  I  could  not  exercise  the  powers  of  a 
second  Boswell,  to  record  the  wisdom  and  the  eloquence 
•which  had  that  evening  flowed  from  the  orator's  lips.  It 
haunted  me  as  I  retired  to  rest.  It  drove  away  slumber ; 
or,  if  I  lapsed  into  sleep,  there  was  Coleridge — his  snuff- 
box and  'kerchief  before  my  eyes !  — his  mildly  beaming 
looks,  his  occasionally  deep  tone  of  voice,  and  the  excited 
features  of  his  physiognomy.  The  manner  of  Coleridge 
was  rather  emphatic  than  dogmatic,  and  thus  he  was 
generally  and  satisfactorily  listened  to.  It  might  be  said 
of  Coleridge,  as  Cowper  has  so  happily  said  of  Sir  Philip 
Sidney,  that  he  was  the  '  warbler  of  poetic  prose.' 

"There  was  always  this  characteristic  feature  in  his 
multifarious  conversation;. it  was  delicate,  reverend,  and 
courteous.  The  chastest  ear  could  drink  in  no  startling 
sound;  the  most  serious  believer  never  had  his  bosom 
ruffled  by  one  sceptical  or  reckless  assertion.  Coleridge 
was  eminently  simple  in  his  manner :  thinking  and  speak- 


ing were  his  delight ;  and  he  would  sometimes  seem, 
during  the  most  fervid  moments  of  discourse,  to  be  ab- 
stracted from  all  and  everything  around  and  about  him, 
and  to  be  basking  in  the  sunny  warmth  of  his  own  radiant 
imagination." — Dibdin's  Reminiscences,  part  i.  p.  253. 

Your  readers  will,  I  trust,  excuse  this  ebul- 
lition of  feeling  and  regard  for  an  endeavour  to 
pourtray  my  reminiscences  of  an  old  and  valued 
friend  and  schoolfellow,  who  printed  for  him, 
while  resident  at  Calne  in  Wiltshire,  the  original 
edition  of  his  Biographia  Literaria,  1817.  Cole- 
ridge also,  when  resident  in  Bristol,  contributed 
to  the  columns  of  Felix  Farley's  Journal,  of  which 
I  was  the  proprietor  and  editor,  where  appeared 
also  some  brief  notices  of  his  lectures  upon  Shak- 
speare  delivered  there ;  but  my  ignorance  of  short- 
hand deprived  me  of  the  pleasure  of  making  full 
reports.  J.  M.  G. 

Worcester. 


HYDROPATHY. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  395.) 

The  medicinal  qualities  of  water  have  been 
known  from  very  early  times.  The  Romans  ap- 
preciated its  excellence  far  more  than  we,  not- 
withstanding our  Sanitary  Commission,  our  baths 
and  our  wash-houses.  More  than  a  century  ago, 
hydropathy  was  practised  in  France,  it  would  seem 
with  very  good  effect.  The  following  letter  is 
extracted  from  the  Genilemaris  Magazine,  vol.  vii. 
(1737),  p.  4.: 

"  Caen,  Normandy,  Dec.  30, 1736,  N.  S. 

"  My  indisposition  may  justly  be  an  Excuse  for  my 
slowness  in  answering  your  last  kind  Letter.  For  during 
almost  three  Months  last  past,  I  have  been  so  afllicted 
with  an  Ague  and  Fever,  that  it  had  nigh  ruin'd  my  Con- 
stitution and  Pocket,  by  the  great  Quantity  of  Bark  I  had 
taken;  and  to  so  little  purpose,, that  I  thought  myself 
nearer  Death  than  Recovery.  In  this  feeble  condition,  I 
took  a  Resolution  to  go  to  an  old  Abbe'  at  Bayeux,  who 
has  for  eight  years  practis'd  with  Success  the  giving  com- 
mon Water  medicinally,  and  cur'd  in  that  time  all  sorts 
of  Distempers.  I  became  one  of  his  Patients,  but  with 
little  confidence  in  Water.  However,  I  was  persuaded  it 
could  do  me  no  harm,  if  it  did  me  no  good ;  he  began 
with  giving  me  his  Emetic,  which  is  nothing  else  but 
warm  Water,  and  a  feather  to  tickle  one's  Throat;  I 
vomited  heartily,  and  found  Relief ;  he  then  sweated  me 
4  mornings  together ;  the  5th  morning  to  my  surprize  he 
told  me  I  was  cured,  and  that  the  Ague  would  not  return ; 
I  was  overjoyed  to  hear  it ;  but  so  unable  to  believe  it, 
that  I  stayed  three  Weeks  after,  and  boarded  with  him ; 
in  which  time  he  cured  the  Dropsy,  Asthma,  Gout, 
Colick,  and  other  bad  complaints,  and  all  after  the 
Physicians  had  condemned  them.  I  had  the  pleasure  to 
see  these  persons  cured,  and  to  enjoy,  by  his  Method,  per- 
fect health  myself ;  and  he  has  given  me  Memorandums 
sufficient  to  be  my  own  Doctor  during  my  life.  The  poor 
Devil  has  been  attack'd  by  the  Physicians  and  Apothe- 
caries, but  he  answered  them  so  well  as  to  gain  applause. 
When  I  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you,  I  will  show  you 
some  of  his  Writing. 

"  Yours,  &c.  C.  D." 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


I  have  never  seen  Smith's  Curiosities  of  Com- 
mon Water,  Sfc. ;  and  E.  W.  J.  gives  no  date ; 
probably,  however,  it  is  more  recent  than  the 
above-quoted.  If  "the  poor  devil's"  answers  to 
the  physicians  and  apothecaries  ever  assumed  a 
printed  form,  it  is  not  impossible  that  Smith  may 
have  seen  them.  Query,  does  John  Smith,  in  his 
pamphlet,  make  any  mention  of  this  Abbe  of 
Bayeux  ?  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Bottesford  Moors,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 


CATHOLIC   FLORAL   DIRECTORIES  :   DR.   FORSTER*S 
WORKS.! 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  568.) 

I  have  just  read  EIRIONNACH'S  Note  on  Catho- 
lic Floral  Directories.  That  Dr.  Thomas  Forster, 
F.L.S.,  a  retired  medical  physician,  is  the  author 
of  the  Catholic  Annual,  containing  the  extracts 
from  the  Anthologia  Borealis  et  Australis,  and  the 
Florilegium  Sanctorum  Aspirationum,  there  seems 
no  doubt,  as  I  have  seen  a  copy  so  presented  by 
him  to  a  private  library. 

Here  it  may  be  of  use  to  notice  the  following 
also,  as  well  as  the  work  above  cited,  all  written 
by  him ;  some  with,  some  without  his  name : 

The  Catholic  Annual,  containing  the  Circle  of  the 
Seasons,  and  Key  to  the  Calendar,  12mo.,  1830,  Prole- 
gomena, pp.  cxlviii. 

The  Catholic  Annnal  for  the  Year  1831, 12mo.  Third 
Edition,  pp.  24. 

The  Catholic  Tear  Book,  comprehending  the  Circle  of 
the  Seasons,  &c.,  fitted  as  a  Christmas  Present,  12mo., 
1833 :  and  Circle  of  the  Seasons,  Second  Edition,  12mo., 
1829,  pp.  432. 

This  volume  is  described  as  "  sent  into  the  world 
for^  the  third  time,  with  large  supplementary  ad- 
ditions." 

*  Observations  on  the  Brumal  Eetreat  of  the  Swallow, 
Fifth  Edition,  8vo.,  1817. 

*  Observations  on  the  Influence  of  the  Atmosphere  on 
Health,  &c.,  8vo.,  1817. 

*  Flora  Tonbrigensis :  Catalogue  of  Wild  Plants  in  the 
Neighbourhood  of  Tonbridge  Wells,  12mo.,  1816. 

*  Facts  respecting  the  Source  of  Epidemia,  Third  Edi- 
tion, 8vo.,  1832. 

*  Essay  on  Cholera  Morbus,  Second  Edition,  8vo.,  1831. 

*  Annals  of  Aerial  Voyages,  8vo.,  1832. 

*  Researches  about  Atmospheric    Phenomena,   Third 
Edition :  to  which  is  added  the  Calendar  of  Nature,  8vo., 
1823. 

This  Calendar  extends  from  the  years  1807  to 
1823  :  it  is  described  as  extracted  from  a  Latin 
journal,  and  the  author  apologises  for  numerous 
imperfections  owing  to  his  never  intending  the 
early  part  of  it  for  publication.  It  is  perhaps  in 
this  Latin  journal  the  extracts,  cited  in  the  Circle 
of  the  Seasons,  were  originally  entered. 
The  last  work  is  — 

Medicina  Simplex,  or  the  Pilgrim's  Way  Book,  by  a 
Physician,  12mo.,  1832. 


Those  in  the  foregoing  list  with  an  asterisk  have 
the  author's  name. 

With  regard  to  the  "literary  hoax"  practised 
upon  his  readers  by  the  quotations  from  the 
Anthologia  and  Florilegium,  I  am  afraid  Dr.  For- 
ster could  plead  great  examples,  if  not  sound 
morals,  for  his  justification.  Are  not  Cleghorn  on 
the  Beatitudes,  or  Pickler  on  the  Nine  Difficult 
Points,  cited  by  the  late  Rev.  Sydney  Smith, 
works  only  to  be  found  "  in  the  cabinets  of  the 
curious" — as  the  late  Lord  Melbourne. 

Were  not  some  descriptions  of  the  later  pictures 
by  Turner,  cited  from  a  work  of  MS.  poetry  in 
his  possession  ?  and  are  not  some  headings  to 
chapters  in  the  Waverley  Novels  similar  exam- 
ples of  "  quotation  ?  " 

I  may  be  mistaken  ;  perhaps  your  readers  may 
correct  and  extend  the  list  of  works  of  "  literary 
hoax,"  and  an  amusing  chapter  might  be  written 
if  I  could  but  pursue  the  subject. 

If  EIRIONNACH  indulge  in  the  "  weed,"  "  fra- 
grant" or  "nasty,"  as  the  case  may  be,  he  will 
find,  in  the  Medicina  Simplex,  pp.  244.,  the  fol- 
lowing. After  an  eulogium  upon  smoking,  Dr. 
Forster  adds : 

"  The  best  composition  for  smoking,  both  as  to  general 
usefulness  and  against  infection,  is  the  following : 
Turkey  tobacco   -  -  -    1  Ib. 

Dutch  canaster  tobacco  -  -  -    4  oz. 

Cascarilla  bark,  broken  small      -  -    1  oz. 

Mix  the  above  well,  and  smoke  a  pipe  of  it  every 
evening :  it  is  also  a  good  digester  after  meals." 

This  is  a  Note  probably  of  interest  to  many  a 
Parr  Subscriber  to  "  N.  &  Q." 

In  conclusion  let  me  add,  I  am  afraid  that  Dr. 
Forster  died  at  Brussels  some  short  time  since, 
my  information  resting  upon  a  recollection  of  a 
notice  to  that  effect,  which  I  have  an  impression 
I  have  read.  S.  H. 


WARBtJHTON  S   EDITION   OF   POPE. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  41.  90.) 

MR.  MARKLAND  has  incidentally  opened,  and 
M.  M.  K.  has  followed  up,  a  subject  of  consider- 
able importance  to  the  literary  history  of  Pope 
and  Warburton.  I  had  long  since  arrived  at  a 
strong  suspicion  that  Warburton  had  taken  con- 
siderable liberties  with  Pope's  papers,  and  I  trust 
that  the  discussion  that  has  now  arisen  may  lead 
to  some  explanation  of  circumstances  as  yet  very 
obscure. 

I  will  begin  by  endeavouring  to  reconcile  Wai- 
pole's  statement  (quoted  by  MR.  MARKLAND)  with 
M.  M.  K.'s  difficulty  as  to  the  enormous  extent  of 
the  alterations  imputed.  Walpole  in  1751  had  not 
yet  become  a  printer,  and  was,  perhaps,  not  fami- 
liar with  the  technical  meaning  of  the  word  sheets, 
which  it  is  possible  that  he  may  have  used  on  this 


AUG.  5. 1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


occasion  as  equivalent  to  leaves,  as  the  "cancelling 
an  hundred  sheets"  in  the  printing-house  meaning 
of  the  term,  seems  to  me,  as  to  M.  M.  K.,  incre- 
dible. But,  however  that  may  have  been,  I  doubt 
whether  anything  of  the  kind  happened  with  re- 
spect to  the  edition  which  Warburton  published 
in  1751,  which  I  have  now  before  me,  and  which, 
to  the  best  of  my  judgment,  has  no  marks  of  any 
cancels  whatsoever.  M.  M.  K.  thinks  there  is  a 
great  deal  of  mystery  about  this  edition,  which  he 
states  that  Pope's  editors,  including  Mr.  Carru- 
thers,  all  believe  to  have  been  in  preparation,  and 
partly  printed,  before  Pope's  death.  This  M.  M.  K. 
doubts.  I  go  farther  :  I  disbelieve  it  totally.  I 
have  not  Mr.  Carruthers'  volume  at  hand,  but  I 
can  hardly  think  that  he  says  so ;  and  I  do  not  re- 
member that  any  other  editor  does  ;  nor  do  I  see 
anything  in  Warburton's  preface  to  countenance 
this  conjecture. 

My  guess  at  a  solution  of  the  difficulty  is  this : 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Pope  was,  in  1744-5, 
preparing,  and  had  proceeded  a  good  way  in 
printing,  a  complete  edition  of  his  works,  in 
which  Warburton  (who  had  already  had  a  share 
in  a  small  edition  of  1743)  was  an  active  co- 
operator.  How  much  was  actually  printed  does 
not  appear ;  but  it  is  certain  that  the  four  so- 
called  "  Ethic  Epistles "  were  so,  and  ready  for 
publication  when  Pope  died.  Bolingbroke  says  he 
has  " a  copy  of  the  book"  " that  it  contains  the 
character  of  Atossa ;  and  he  asks  Lord  March- 
mont  whether  it  would  be  worth  while  to  suppress 
the  edition."  That  edition,  it  seems,  was  War- 
burton's  property  under  Pope's  will,  and  I  sup- 
pose that  it  was  for  some  reason  suppressed ;  at 
least  I  have  never  seen  any  edition  of  Pope's 
works  between  that  of  1743  which  has  not,  and 
Warburton's  of  1751  which  has,  the  Atossa.  I 
therefore  incline  to  conclude  that  the  edition 
which  Pope  and  Warburton  were  preparing  in 
1744-5  was  altogether  suppressed ;  and  it  is  pos- 
sible that  Walpole's  rumour,  as  to  the  cancelling 
a  hundred  sheets,  might,  even  in  the  special 
meaning  of  sheets,  have  had  reference  to  this  sup- 
pression. 

What  is  now  desirable  is,  that  the  correspon- 
dents of  "  N.  &  Q."  would  be  so  good  as  to  look 
out  sharply  for  any  set,  or  even  odd  volumes, 
which  could  have  belonged  to  the  edition  that 
Pope  and  Warburton  were  preparing  in  1744-5, 
and  of  which  Bolingbroke  had  at  least  one  volume. 

Is  it  known  how  Bolingbroke's  books  and 
papers,  or  those  of  Mallet,  were  disposed  of?  A 
clue  to  them  might  enable  us  to  discover  the 
"  book  "  which  Bolingbroke  certainly  possessed. 
As  M.  M.  K.  infers  that  Pope  "published  or 
printed  an  edition  of  the  'Ethic  Epistles,'  and 
distributed  copies  to  his  friends,"  would  M.  M.  K. 
be  so  good  as  to  state  the  grounds  on  which  he 
makes  that  inference  ?  It  accords  with  what  Bo- 


lingbroke says  of  the  printing  the  four  "Ethic 
Epistles;"  but  M.  M.  K.  does  not  cite  Boling- 
broke, and  seems  to  have  had  some  other  reason 
for  his  inference :  it  would  be  desirable  to  know 
what  it  is.  As  to  the  distribution  of  the  new  edi- 
tion among  his  friends,  I  would  again  ask  what 
ground  there  is  for  this  statement  ?  Has  any  such 
copy  been  ever  seen  ?  or  is  there  any  intimation 
of  the  fact,  except  from  Bolingbroke's  statement 
that  he  had  a  copy  ?  C. 


THE   DUNCIAD. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  65.) 

C.  asks  whether  any  of  your  correspondents 
have  ever  seen  an  edition  of  The  Dunciad  of  1727. 
"  Pope  himself,"  he  says,  "  in  his  notes  to  the  first 
acknowledged  edition  of  1729,  says  distinctly  and 
repeatedly  that  an  imperfect  edition  was  published 
in  Dublin  in  1727,  and  republished,  in  that  year, 
both  in  12mo.  and  8vo."  Here  then  we  have 
three  editions  published  in  1727.  May  I  be  al- 
lowed to  ask  when  and  where  did  Pope  distinctly 
and  repeatedly  say  this  ?  And  farther,  to  en- 
large the  question,  did  any  of  your  correspondents 
ever  see  any  of  these  editions  ?  Of  course  I  have 
my  own  opinion  both  as  to  what  was  said,  and 
when  said,  and  why  said  ;  but  think  it  best  to  be 
sure  of  my  facts  before  I  offer  an  explanation. 

E.  T.  D. 

I  have  a  copy  of  an  edition  of  The  Dunciad 
with  this  title,  The  Dunciad,  Variorum,  with 
the  Prolegomena  of  Scriblerus.  Beneath  is  a 
plate  representing  an  ass  with  a  load  of  books 
and  papers,  and  an  owl  on  the  top  of  the 
whole.  Baker's  Journal  and  the  Flying  Post  lie 
upon  the  ground.  On  the  left  is  the  inscription 
"  Deferor  in  vicuna,"  continued  on  the  left,  "  ven- 
dentem  Thus  et  Odores,"  and  at  the  bottom, 
"London,  printed  for  A. Dob.  1729."  There  is 
nothing  about  its  being  a  reprint  of  the  Dublin 
edition,  although  reference  is  made  to  five  pre- 
vious editions.  The  contents  of  this  volume  are 
to  be  found  in  another  copy,  which  I  have  dated 
1752,  except  the  title-page :  the  text,  moreover, 
besides  having  the  fourth  book,  differs  very  ma- 
terially from  that  of  1729.  I  should  like  to  know 
if  my  8vo.  copy  of  1729  is  the  so-called  4to.  of 
1729  ;  if  Pope  is  to  be  understood  to  be  the  editor 
of  this  8vo. ;  if  it  be  the  first  edition  published 
under  his  sanction ;  and  if  any  edition  of  The 
Dunciad  presents  the  various  readings  ? 

B.  H.  C. 

As  The  Dunciad  is  now  attracting  the  attention 
of  the  readers  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  I  may  mention  that 
I  have  in  my  possession  a  copy  of  an  edition 
(without  date),  not  one,  however,  of  "  the  first 
five  imperfect  editions  of  The  Dunciad  printed  at 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


Dublin  and  London,  in  octavo  and  duod.,"  but 
one  with  the  owl  engraving,  and  for  title  The 
Dunciad,  with  Notes  variorum,  and  the  Prolego- 
mena of  Scriblerus,  written  in  the  year  1727, 
London,  printed  for  Lawton  Gilliver,  in  Fleet 
Street,  on  the  fly-leaf  of  which  is  the  following 
inscription  in  the  handwriting  of  the  hero  : 

"  Lewis  Theobald  to  Mrs.  Heywood,  as  a  tes- 
timony of  his  esteem,  presents  this  book  called  The 
Dunciad,  and  acquaints  her  that  Mr.  Pope,  by  the 
profits  of  its  publication,  saved  his  library,  wherein 
unpawned  much  learned  lumber  lay." 

Perhaps  some  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  or 
the  writer  of  the  admirable  articles  on  Pope  which 
have  recently  appeared  in  The  Athentzum,  may  be 
able  to  say  how  far  this  statement  of  Theobald  is 
correct.  WILLIAM  J.  THOMS. 


NOTARIES. 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  87.) 

The  elaborate  devices  or  marks  used  in  old  times 
by  notaries,  to  which  allusion  is  made  in  this  Query, 
do  not  appear  to  have  been  investigated  with  suf- 
ficient attention.  Representations  have  been  oc- 
casionally, I  believe,  given  with  fac-similes  of  some 
ancient  documents ;  and  a  few  marks  of  this  de- 
scription, accompanying  the  signatures  of  notaries 
public  in  Ireland,  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 
centuries,  have  recently  been  published  in  the 
Ulster  Journal  of  Archaeology,  vol.  ii.  p.  32.,  by 
Mr.  Ferguson,  who  gives  some  extracts  relating 
to  notaries,  from  the  Epistle  Dedicatory  to 
Prynne's  fourth  Institute. 

It  has  been  stated  that  these  marks  were  used 
in  lieu  of  seals,  and  that  they  originated  in  the 
use  of  ^a  stamp  which  the  notary  was  accustomed 
to  dip  in  the  ink,  and  to  impress  upon  the  parch- 
ment, instead  of  affixing  or  appending  an  impres- 
sion on  wax.  It  would  appear,  however,  that 
notaries  had  seals,  properly  so  called.  They  were 
ordered  to  make  use  of  seals,  according  to  a  decree 
of  the  Council  of  Cologne,  in  1310.  The  notaries 
royal  in  France  were  accustomed  7to  use  seals 
from  the  commencement  of  the  fourteenth  century. 

I  am  not  aware  that  any  examples  of  notarial 
seals  have  been  published,  and  no  seal  of  this  kind 
used  in  England  has  fallen  under  my  notice.  I 
have  met  with  a  few  foreign  matrices  of  the  seals 
of  notaries,  all  of  them,  I  believe,  Italian.  The 
devices  closely  resemble  the  singular  marks  before 
mentioned,  with  which  all  who  have  given  atten- 
tion to  ancient  documents  are  familiar.  I  have 
recently  met  with  the  matrix  of  the  seal  of  the 
Order  of  Notaries  of  Faenza.  The  device  is  an 
ink-pot,  with  a  pen  in  it. 

If  impressions  of  these  seals  would  be  accept- 
able to  A  NOTABT,  I  shall  have  pleasure  in  for- 


warding them  on  receiving  his  address.  I  hope 
that  his  Query  may  elicit  information  regarding 
the  origin  of  these  singular  marks,  and  the  period 
when  their  use  was  adopted  in  England. 

ALBERT  WAY. 
Keigate. 


SIE   THOMAS   BROWNE   AND   BISHOP   KEN. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  10. ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  220.  258.) 

What  your  correspondent  J.  H.  MARKLAND  calls 
"  A  Midnight  Hymn,"  by  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  is 
evidently  "  An  Evening  Hymn ; "  and  the  coin- 
cidence between  that  and  Bishop  Ken's  well-known 
hymn  was  pointed  out  by  James  Montgomery  of 
Sheffield,  in  his  "  Christian  Poets"  (I2m«-,  1827), 
one  of  the  volumes  of  Select  Christian  Authors, 
published  by  Collins  of  Glasgow.  As  your  corre- 
spondent has  not  given  the  whole  of  Sir  Thomas 
Browne's  lines,  and  as  those  he  has  given  are  not 
in  their  proper  order,  I  may  perhaps  crave  space 
for  a  complete  transcript,  with  Montgomery's  pre- 
fatory remarks.  Having  named  two  of  Sir  Thos. 
Browne's  works,  he  proceeds, — 

"  In  the  former  [Religio  Medici']  we  find  the  following 
lines,  curious  in  themselves,  but  more  so  as  apparently 
containing  the  general  ideas  of  Bishop  Ken's  '  Evening 
Hymn.'  They  are  thus  introduced,  in  the  author's  quaint 
but  impressive  manner.  Speaking  of  sleep,  he  says, '  It  is 
that  death  by  which  we  may  be  said  to  die  daily ;  a  death 
which  Adam  died  before  his  mortality ;  a  death  whereby 
we  live  a  middle  and  moderating  point  between  life  and 
death :  in  fine,  so  like  death,  I  dare  not  trust  it  without 
my  prayers,  and  a  half  adieu  unto  the  world,  and  take  my 
farewell  in 

'A  Colloquy  with  God. 

'  The  night  is  come.    Like  to  the  day, 
Depart  not  Thou,  great  God,  away. 
Let  not  my  sins,  black  as  the  night, 
Eclipse  the  lustre  of  Thy  light. 
Keep  still  in  my  horizon,  for  to  me 
The  sun  makes  not  the  day,  but  Thee. 

Thou,  whose  nature  cannot  sleep, 
On  my  temples  sentry  keep. 
Guard  me  'gainst  those  watchful  foes, 
Whose  eyes  are  open  while  mine  close. 
Let  no  dreams  my  head  infest, 
But  such  as  Jacob's  temples  blest. 
While  I  do  rest,  my  soul  advance. 
Make  my  sleep  a  holy  trance, 
That  I  may,  my  rest'being  wrought, 
Awake  unto  some  holy  thought, 
And  with  as  active  vigour  run 
My  course,  as  doth  the  nimble  sun. 

Sleep  is  a  death.    O !  make  me  try, 
By  sleeping,  what  it  is  to  die ; 
And  as  gently  lay  my  head 
On  my  grave  as  now  my  bed. 
Howe'er  I  rest,  great  God,  let  me 
Awake  again,  at  last,  with  Thee ; 
And,  thus  assur'd,  behold,  I  lie 
Securely,  or  to  wake  or  die. 
These  are  my  drowsie  days._    In  vain 
I  do  now  wake  to  sleep  again. 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


0 !  come,  sweet  hour,  when  I  shall  never 
Sleep  again,  but  wake  for  ever ! ' " 

H.  MARTIN. 
Halifax. 

Your  esteemed  correspondent  J.  H.  MARKLAND, 
in  his  communication  concerning  good  Bishop 
Ken,  copies  part  of  his  midnight  hymn  as  a 
parallel  to  that  by  Sir  Thomas  Browne  (Religio 
Medici,  p.  107.,  edit.  1659).  The  following  para- 
phrase of  both  those  beautiful  effusions  has  long 
been  handed  about  in  MS.,  and  is  now  sent  for  pre- 
servation in  your  columns.  It  was  written  about 
1750  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Gibbons,  D.D.,  but  is 
not  to  be  found  in  the  collection  of  his  poems 
published  in  that  year. 

"  Lord !  while  the  darkness  reigns  abroad, 
Shine  thou  on  me  a  present  God ! 
Still,  still  be  with  me,  for  thy  ray, 
And  not  the  sun,  creates  my  day. 
Oh  thou  whose  nature  doth  not  sleep, 
Thy  sentry  at  my  pillow  keep ! 
And  guard  me  from  those  numerous  foes, 
That  wait  to  trouble  my  repose ! 
If  dreams  should  mingle  with  my  rest, 
Let  them  be  such  as  Jacob  blest ; 
Such  as  may  my  best  good  advance, 
And  make  my  sleep  a  heavenly  trance. 
That,  when  its  silken  bonds  I  break, 
In  holy  transports  I  may  wake. 
Sleep  is  a  death :  then  let  me  try 
By  sleeping  what  it  is  to  die ; 
That  I  as  pleased  may  lay  my  head 
On  the  grave's  couch  as  on  my  bed. 
This  is  a  drowsy  state,  where  night 
Holds  a  divided  reign  with  light. 
I  sleep  —  awake  —  I  sleep  again ; 
Amused  —  beguiled  with  visions  vain. 

0  come  that  hour,  that  morning  break. 
When  I  from  death  to  life  shall  wake. 
When,  freed  from  this  immuring  cell, 
And  bidding  this  dark  world  farewell, 

1  to  the  heavens  shall  wing  my  way ; 
And  from  the  heights  of  endless  day, 
Look  down  on  this  terrestrial  ball, 
At  home  with  God,  my  life,  my  all  I " 

E.D. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CORRESPONDENCE. 

Mr.  Lyte's  Instantaneous  Process  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  570.; 
Vol.  x.,  pp.  51.  73.).  —  I  should  feel  much  obliged  to  your 
correspondent  MR.  SHADBOLT,  if  he  would  state  whether 
he  has  himself  made  experiments  on  the  solubility  of 
iodide  of  silver  in  an  aqueous  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver ; 
and  if  so,  to  what  extent  he  found  it  to  be  soluble. 

I  was  not  aware  of  this  solubility  of  iodide  of  silver,  and 
I  do  not  find  it  mentioned  in  any  chemical  work  that  I 
nave  referred  to;  nor  do  I  think  that  it  has  generally 
been  considered  to  be  so  soluble,  as  one  of  the  common 
methods  in  use  for  the  quantitative  determination  of  io- 
iine  is,  to  add  to  the  solution  containing  it  nitrate  of  silver, 
TT1^!?311  *lie  iodine  is  precipitated  as  iodide  of  silver.  (See 

.^1Se>s  Handbuch  der  Analytischen  Chemie,  vol.  ii. 
p.  607.) 

.  ?.n  or.^r  to  ensure  the  complete  precipitation  of  the 
iodine,  it  is  of  course  necessary  to  add  an  excess  of  nitrate 
of  silver;  but  if  the  precipitate  is  soluble  to  any  appre- 


ciable extent  in  an  excess  of  the  precipitant,  the  accuracy 
of  the  results  would  be  materially  affected. 

Not  having  had  time  to  determine  by  experiment  how 
far  iodide  of  silver  is  soluble  in  nitrate  of  silver,  if  MB. 
SHADBOLT  has  experimented  on  this  subject,  I  should 
be  very  glad  to  know  his  results. 

I  still  cannot  help  thinking  that  there  must  be  some 
omission  in  the  description  of  MR.  LYTE'S  process,  parti- 
cularly as  I  have  heard  that  one  of  the  most  expert  pho- 
tographers has  failed,  although  he  has  literally  followed 
MR.  LYTE'S  directions.  C.  H.  C. 

Waxing  Positives.  —  Observing  how  much  the  ordinary 
calotype  negative  is  improved  by  waxing,  I  have  been  in- 
duced to  apply  wax  in  the  same  way  to  positives  printed 
upon  ordinary  paper  with  the  most  favourable  results.  As 
I  find  that  it  adds  much  to  their  beauty,  I  am  induced  to 
draw  the  attention  of  your  photographic  readers  to  the 
fact,  which  I  believe  is  not  generally  known.  J.  J.  F. 

Preserving  Collodion  Plates  sensitive.  —  The  attention 
of  photographers  is  still  directed  to  this  important  object. 
In  the  last  number  of  the  Photographic  Journal,  Mr. 
Shadbolt  announces  the  result  of  some  experiments  made 
by  him  with  a  preservative  syrup,  consisting  of  thret 
volumes  of  pure  honey,  five  of  distilled  water,  stirred  to- 
gether with  a  glass  rod  until  the  honey  is  perfectly  dis- 
solved. It  is  then  to  be  filtered  through  blotting-paper 
(a  process  which  occupies  some  hours).  To  the  filtered 
mixture  is  then  to  be  added  one  volume  of  alcohol.  The 
collodion,  having  been  rendered  sensitive  in  the  usual  way, 
and  the  silver  solution  drained  off,  is  to  be  coated  by 
pouring  over  it  this  preservative  syrup.  Though  thia 
diminishes  the  sensitiveness,  so  that  if  used  immediately 
the  exposure  required  is  about  double,  still  the  sensitive- 
ness is  preserved,  so  that  Mr.  Shadbolt  has  taken  a  pic- 
ture no  less  than  three  weeks  after  excitation,  but  with  at 
least  four  times  the  exposure  required  for  a  fresh  plate. 

In  the  same  journal  Mr.  Spiller  and  Mr.  Crookes,  whose 
exertions  in  this  direction  deserve  so  much  praise,  give  us 
the  result  of  their  experiments  on  nitrate  of  magnesia  as 
a  preservative  agent,  and  state  that  in  their  opinion  the 
following  process  scarcely  admits  of  an  improvement. 

"  The  plate  coated  with  collodion  in  the  usual  manner 
is  to  be  rendered  sensitive  in  a  30-grain  nitrate  of  silver 
bath,  in  which  it  should  remain  rather  longer  than  is 
generally  considered  necessary  (about  five  minutes).  It 
must  then  be  slightly  drained  and  immersed  in  a  second 
bath,  consisting  of 


Nitrate  of  magnesia 
Nitrate  of  silver    - 
Glacial  acetic  acid 
Water  - 


4  ounces. 

-  12  grains. 

1  drachm. 

-  12  ounces. 


and  there  left  about  five  minutes;  then  removed,  and 
placed  in  a  vertical  position  on  blotting-paper  until  all 
the  surface  moisture  has  drained  off  and  been  absorbed. 
This  generally  takes  about  half  an  hour,  and  they  may 
then  be  packed  away  in  any  convenient  box  until  re- 
quired for  use. 

"  Not  only  is  the  sensitiveness  unimpaired  by  this  treat- 
ment, but  we  think,  on  the  contrary,  that  it  is  slightly 
increased;  instantaneous  negatives  have  been  taken  on 
plates  which  had  been  prepared  some  days  previously. 
We  are  not  yet  in  a  position  to  give  the  length  of  time 
that  may  elapse  between  the  preparation  of  the  plate  and 
development  of  the  picture ;  such  experiments  necessarily 
require  a  more  lengthened  period  than  we  have  at  present 
been  able  to  give;  but  as  long  as  they  have  yet  been 
kept  (upwards  of  three  weeks),  there  has  been  no  ap- 
pearance of  deterioration. 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


"  Before  the  development,  we  find  it  advisable  to  moisten 
the  collodion  film  by  immersion  in  the  silver  bath  for 
about  half  a  minute,  as  otherwise  the  pyrogallic  acid,  or 
iron  solution,  would  not  flow  evenly  over  the  plate.  The 
fixing,  &c.,  is  of  course  conducted  as  usual." 


to  iHtnnr 

Legend  of  the  Seven  Sisters  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  465.). 
—  Ballybunnion,  and  the  wild  rocks  and  wolds 
around  it,  are  rich  in  traditionary  stories,  Ossianic, 
Fairy  Lore,  and  lastly,  Giraldine  and  Cromwellian 
traditions.  The  legend  alluded  to  by  GEORGE  OF 
MONSTER  was  thus  narrated  to  me  some  years 
since  by  a  peasant,  who  claimed  legitimate  descent 
in  the  direct  line  from  the  black  knight,  Fitzgerald 
of  Dingle.  One  of  the  Vikingr,  or  northern  sea- 
kings,  invaded  Ballybunnion  (i.  e.  the  land  of 
Bunnion),  and  invested  the  chieftain,  Bunnion, 
in  his  castle.  His  garrison  were  slain,  and  the 
chieftain,  rather  than  his  nine  daughters  should 
fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Victor,  deliberately 
flung  them  one  after  another  into  the  abyss,  and 
followed  himself,  leaving  the  deserted  castle  to 
the  sea-king,  which  he  levelled  to  the  ground,  and 
it  was  never  rebuilt.  The  cave  is  called  in  Irish 
by  the  peasantry  pel  I;AO|,  i.  e.  the  cave  of  the 
nine.  J.  L. 

Dublin. 

"  To  jump  for  joy  "  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  466.).  —  MR. 
FERGUSON,  in  relation  to  this  expression,  quotes 
some  old  French  lines,  — 

"  De  la  novele  esteit  heistez, 
E  de  joie  saili  a  pes :  " 

and  says,  "This  expression  is  translated  in  the 
Glossary  '  Saili  a  pes,'  rose  upon  feet,"  and  adds 
that  it  appears  to  him  to  be  more  correct  than 
that  of  jumping  or  dancing  for  joy.  In  modern 
French  it  would  be  — 

"  De  la  nouvelle  etait  rejoui, 
Et-de  joie  saillit  &  pieds." 

This  would  be,  translated,  "  Was  rejoiced  at  the 
news,  and  through  joy  went  out  on  foot."  Saillie, 
a  sally,  is  a  running  out  of  a  fortress  to  attack  an 
enemy.  Now,  Maurice  of  Prendergast  being  de- 
sirous of  returning  to  Wales,  and  being  impeded 
by  the  Wexford  traitors,  having  offered  his  ser- 
vices to  the  king  of  Ossory,  it  seems  very  probable 
that  Maurice  of  Prendergast  had  turned  traitor 
himself  to  Henry  II. ;  and  that  the  king  of 
Ossory  having  secured  the  services  of  Prender- 
gast and  his  followers,  was  so  overjoyed  at  the 
prospect  of  success  against  the  invaders,  that  he 
did  not  stay  to  mount  his  horse,  but  "  went  out," 
or  "  sallied  out  on  foot,"  to  meet  them.  I  there- 
fore contend  that  saili  a  pes  is  "  sallied  out  on 


foot,"  and  that  it  does  not  agree  with  the  trans- 
lation of  MR.  FERGUSON.  H.  D.  BASCHET. 

Waterford. 

Pope's  Odyssey  (Vol.  x.,  p.  41.). —  MR.  MARK- 
LAND  mentions,  on  the  authority  of  Mr.  Evans, 
that  in  one  of  Edwards's  letters,  "  There  is  a 
curious  mention  of  the  publication  of  Pope's  trans- 
lation of  the  Odyssey,  by  which  it  would  appear 
that  Pope  had  concealed  the  assistance  he  had 
received  in  the  version."  The  use  of  the  word 
"  curious  "  leads  to  the  inference  that  the  fact  is 
made  known  through  the  fortunate  preservation 
of  Edwards's  letter ;  whereas  it  is  notorious,  and 
referred  to  I  suppose  by  all  Pope's  biographers, 
certainly  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  one  of  the  com- 
monest books  in  the  language.  Johnson  says : 

"  Soon  after  the  appearance  of  the  Iliad,  resolving  not 
to  let  the  general  kindness  cool,  he  published  proposals 
for  a  translation  of  the  Odyssey  in  five  volumes,  for  five 
guineas.  He  was  willing,  however,  now  to  have  asso- 
ciates in  his  labour ;  being  either  weary  with  toiling  upon 
another's  thoughts,  or  having  heard,  as  Ruflfhead  relates, 
that  Fenton  and  Broome  had  already  begun  the  work, 
and  liking  better  to  have  them  confederates  than  rivals. 
...  In  the  patent,  instead  of  saying  that  he  had  trans- 
lated the  Odyssey,  as  he  ha'd  said  of  the  Iliad,  he  says  that 
he  had  undertaken  a  translation;  and  in  the  proposals, 
the  subscription  is  said  to  be  not  solely  for  his  own  use, 
but  for  that  of  two  of  his  friends  who  have  assisted  him  in 
this  work  .  .  .  The  sale  did  not  answer  Lintot's  expecta- 
tions, and  he  then  pretended  to  discover  something  of 
fraud  in  Pope,  and  commenced,  or  threatened,  a  suit  in 
chancery." 

O.P. 

Perspective  '  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  300.  378.  ^577.)-  — 
MR.  HOAHE  evidently  allows  my  assertion  to  be 
correct,  if  we  suppose  that  the  eye  is  at  that  point 
where  "  all  the  lines  subtend  equal  angles  at  the 
eye  with  the  corresponding  lines  of  the  original 
landscape."  But  when  he  adds,  "  a  picture  is  not 
to  be  looked  at  from  one  point,"  I  totally  differ 
from  him.  Must  we  do  away  with  the  point  of 
sight  altogether  ?  I  think  the  rules  of  perspective 
forbid  it.  That  the  focus  (if  such  a  term  may 
be  applied)  should  be  inconveniently  near  the 
picture,  must  be  the  case  where  a  large  field  is 
condensed  on  a  small  ground.  Also,  when  prints 
are  engraved  on  a  reduced  scale  from  large 
pictures,  the  focus  will  approach  the  face  of  the 
print  in  the  same  ratio  that  the  margin  of  the 
picture  is  diminished.  This  may  account  for  the 
peculiar  appearance  of  the  interior  of  Winchester 
Cathedral,  mentioned  by  your  correspondent. 

JOHN  P.  STILWELD. 

Dorking. 

"  Peter  Wilkins"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  17.).— The  source 
from  whence  Leigh  Hunt  obtained  his  informa- 
tion of  the  real  authorship  of  this  charming  fiction 
was  no  doubt  the  record  of  a  sale,  of  remarkable 
interest  to  the  historian  and  the  antiquary,  which 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


took  place  eighteen  or  nineteen  years  ago.  It 
consisted  of  MSS.  and  autographs,  among  which 
were  many  original  assignments  of  literary  pro- 
perty to  the  Dodsleys.  Several  names  of  writers 
of  works  of  established  reputation,  published 
anonymously,  then  became  known  for  the  first 
time,  and  among  them,  that  of  the  author  of 
Peter  Wilkins. 

I  find  the  following  note  transcribed  at  the 
time :  — 

"  Robert  Patlock,  [not  Pultock  as  Leigh  Hunt 
writes  it,  and  Paltock  as  Southey  calls  him],  of 
Clement's  Inn,  assigned  the  MS.  of  the  Life  and 
Adventures  of  Peter  Wilkins,  a  Cornishman,  to 
Dodsley,  Jan.  11,  1749,  for  twenty  guineas, 
[Southey  says  ten]  twelve  copies,  and  the  cuts 
(or  coppers  used  for  the  plates)  of  the  first  im- 
pression." 

The  first  edition  with  the  curious  plates  (1751) 
is  inscribed  by  the  author  to  Elizabeth,  Countess 
of  Northumberland ;  and  there  are  some  slight 
personal  allusions  in  this  dedication,  which,  if 
followed  up,  might  tlead  to  farther  confirmation 
about  the  writer. 

Southey  has  not  only  "  somewhere  recorded  his 
admiration"  of  the  book,  [notes  to  "Curse  of 
Kehama,"  Works,  vol.  x.  p.  231.],  but  borrowed 
from  it  the  idea  of  his  own  "  Glendoveers"  ("the 
loveliest  race  of  all  of  heavenly  birth"),  far  in- 
ferior, however,  to  the  Glums  and  Gawrys  of 
Patlock. 

There  is  a  beautiful  article  on  this  work  in  the 
Retrospective  Rev.,  vol.  vii.  p.  120.  See  also 
Coleridge's  Table  Talk,  and  Leigh  Hunt's  London 
Journal,  No.  32.  p.  249.  W.  L.  N. 

Bath. 

"  De  male  qucesitis  vix  gaudet  tertius  hares " 
(Vol.  ii.,  p.  167. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  600.).— This  line  occurs 
among  the  Adagio,  of  Erasmus,  s.  v.  Ultio  Male- 
dicti,  p.  1865.,  fol.,  Aurel.  1606. 

ALEXANDER  TAYLOR. 

Apparition  which  preceded  the  Fire  of  London 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  541.).— In  A  View  of  the  Invisible 
World,  or  General  History  of  Apparitions,  8vo., 
London,  1752,  at  p. 228.,  is  a  chapter  "of  the  ap- 
parition that  told  his  friend  of  the  Fire  of  London 
two  months  before  it  happened ;  with  some  par- 
ticular remarks  upon  the  story  with  relation  to 
such  appearances." 

The  story  seems  to  have  been  well  known  in 
1752,  as  the  author  of  the  above  work  does  not 
say  where  it  is  to  be  found,  but  comments  upon 
rather  than  tells  it.  The  apparition  took  the  form 
of  a  friend,  was  let  in  at  the  door  by  a  servant, 
joined  the  family  in  the  parlour,  and  talked  about 
coming  judgments  ;  and,  among  them,  of  the  Great 
Fire.  The  master  of  the  house  thought  his  visitor 
prosy,  and  tried  to  change  the  conversation.  .The 


apparition  was  let  out  as  it  came  in ;  and  no  one 
suspected,  till  after  the  fire,  that  it  was  not  the 
gentleman  whose  shape  it  took.  He,  however, 
knew  nothing  about  it ;  and  his  own  house  was 
burnt  at  the  Great  Fire,  when  he  had  not  time  to 
save  more  than  a  quarter  of  his  goods. 

Many  apparitions  predicted  the  fire  :  I  can  find 
no  other  account  of  this.  If  one  may  suggest  an 
explanation  of  a  story  so  imperfectly  told,  mine  is 
that  it  was  the  gentleman  himself;  who  having, 
according  to  the  custom  of  that  age,  discoursed 
upon  coming  judgments,  when  dangerous  in- 
quiries were  made  about  the  origin  of  the  fire, 
preferred  losing  his  reputation  as  a  prophet  to 
maintaining  it  at  the  risk  of  being  treated  as  an 
incendiary.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

"  A  face  upon  a  bottle"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  599.).—  In 
the  passage  here  quoted  from  Secretary  Winde- 
bank's  letter  to  Lord  Strafford,  the  following 
words  occur : 

"  There  never  appeared  a  worse  face  under  a  cork  upon 
a  bottle,  than  your  lordship  hath  caused  some  to  make 
in  disgorging  such  church  livings  as  their  zeal  had  eaten, 
up." 

Since  the  appearance  of  my  former  note,  a 
gentleman  versed  in  ceramic  history  has  referred 
me,  in  illustration  of  this  phrase,  to  the  earthen- 
ware bottle,  figured,  under  the  name  of  "  Grey- 
beard," in  Marryat's  History  of  Pottery  and 
Porcelain  (London,  1850),  p.  253.  Bottles  or 
pots,  with  a  hideous  bearded  mark  on  the  neck, 
immediately  under  the  cork,  were  so  designated. 
Some  of  them  are  stated  to  have  been  called 
"Bellarmines"  in  the  reign  of  James,  in  derision 
of  Cardinal  Bellarmine,  whose  letter  respecting 
the  non-validity  of  the  oath  of  allegiance  of 
Eoman  Catholic  subjects  to  a  Protestant  sovereign, 
was  answered  by  the  king.  This  agrees  well  with 
the  time  of  the  letter.  L. 

Thompson  of  Esholt  and  Lancashire  (Vol.  v., 
pp.  468.  521.).  —  One  of  your  correspondents  in- 
quired whether  there  was  any  family  named 
Thompson,  bearing  arms,  seated  in  Lancashire  in. 
the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Now, 
I  find  from  a  pedigree  among  the  Harleian  MSS. 
(No.  1487.  folio  310.),  that  Sir  Henry  Thompson 
of  Esholt,  who  was  knighted  for  his  military 
services,  had  a  son  William,  who  married  a 
daughter  of  Christopher  Anderton  of  Lostock, 
Lancashire,  about  twelve  miles  from  Preston. 
This  William  Thompson,  Esq.,  at  one  time  a 
notary,  succeeded  to  the  estate  at  Esholt,  which 
ultimately  went  to  the  Calverleys  of  Calverley, 
through  the  marriage  of  Frances  Thompson  with 
Walter  Calverley,  circa  1667.  The  sons  of  Wil- 
liam were  Christopher,  seated  at  Esholt,  and 
Henry,  who  apparently  settled  at  Preston ;  and  it 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  249. 


is  probable  that  the  arms  attributed  by  several 
heraldic  writers  to  "  Thompson  of  Lancashire  " 
were  used  by  the  latter  Henry  and  his  de- 
scendants. Sir  Henry  Thompson  of  Esholt  was 
buried  at  Colne  in  Lancashire,  where  an  inscribed 
stone  to  his  memory  was  extant  some  years  ago. 
A  grant  of  arms  was  made  to  Sir  Henry  Thomp- 
son by  Laurence  Dalton,  Norroy,  about  the  year 
1559,  and  the  coat  is  substantially  the  same  as 
that  claimed  by  the  branches  of  the  ancient  and 
respectable  family  of  the  same  name,  settled  in 
various  parts  of  Yorkshire  and  the  north  of  Eng- 
land ;  but  on  referring  to  Burke's  Landed  Gentry, 
I  do  not  find  that  any  of  these  trace  to  the  original 
grantee.  It  would  appear,  therefore,  that  there 
is  some  assumption  here,  though  possibly  the  cir- 
cumstance may  be  accounted  for.  TEE  GEE. 

Latin  Treatise  on  whipping  School-boys 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.).  — The  antiquity  of  this  laudable 
custom,  honoured  at  once  in  "the  breech  and  the 
observance,  is  treated  of  by  the  celebrated  sophist 
Libanius  :  see  his  Sophistce,  prceludia  oratorio,  &fc. 
(Paris,  1606-27,  two  vols.  folio),  orat.  xii.  ad 
Theod.  torn.  ii.  p.  400.  I  should  feel  inclined  to 
doubt  the  existence  of  a  modern  Latin  treatise  on 
the  subject,  especially  as  no  allusion  to  it  is  found 
in  Boileau's  original  work,  the  Historia  Flagel- 
lantium,  12mo.,  Paris,  1700;  or  the  French  trans- 
lation of  the  same,  Histoire  des  Flagellans,  12mo., 
Amsterdam,  1732 ;  and  the  note  in  which  it  is 
mentioned,  and  which  has  given  rise  to  the  Query 
of  BETULA,  occurs  for  the  first  time  in  the  English 
Paraphrase  and  Commentary  of  1777. 

WILLIAM  BATES. 
Birmingham. 

Fauntleroy  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  454.). — A  person  of 
great  respectability  and  remarkable  accuracy  once 
informed  me  that  he  had  himself  seen  and  recog- 
nised in  Paris,  Fauntleroy,  whom  he  had  known  in 
London,  after  his  supposed  execution.  I.  H.  A. 

Old  Dominion  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  468.).  —  How  far 
the  heraldic  grant,  spoken  of  by  your  corre- 
spondent PENN,  is  to  be  regarded  as  authentic,  no 
printed  American  state  paper,  that  I  know  of,  de- 
termines. That,  however,  the  colony  of  Virginia 
was  governed  after  the  martyrdom  of  Charles  I. 
by  Sir  William  Berkeley,  under  a  royal  commis- 
sion despatched  by  Charles  II.,  then  a  fugitive  in 
Breda ;  that  this  state  of  things  lasted  until  the 
arrival  of  the  Parliamentary  fleet  and  land  forces, 
intended  to  subjugate  the  colony  (1650)  ;  that  the 
preparedness  of  the  colony  for  resistance,  and  the 
judiciousness  of  the  commissioners,  resulted  in 
articles  of  a  treaty  as  between  equals  pro  hoc  vice, 
whereby  the  rights  of  the  colony  were  preserved  ; 
and  that  the  Assembly  of  March,  1660,  was  sum- 
moned in  the  name  of  the  king,  though  Charles 
was  not  yet  acknowledged  as  such  in  England,  — 


are  matters  of  history.  Virginia,  then,  which 
continued  loyal  to  her  prince  long  after  his  exile, 
and  which  acknowledged  him  again  in  form  earlier 
than  the  denizens  of  his  own  island  did,  has  always 
been  considered,  even  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic, 
as  justly  earning  the  title  of  the  "  Ancient  Do- 
minion ; "  a  phrase  which,  although  I  cannot  now 
substantiate  it  by  any  documentary  reference,  it 
is  quite  possible  the  restored  king,  by  writing  or 
speech,  used  himself.  I.  H.  A. 

The  Crescent  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  196.).  —  Some  time 
ago  a  correspondent  wished  to  ascertain  at  what 
period  the  Crescent  became  the  standard  of  Ma- 
hometanism.  In  the  appendix  to  the  late  Elliot 
Warburton's  work,  entitled  The  Crescent  and  the 
Cross,  the  following  incident  is  related : 

"  The  Crescent  was  the  symbol  of  the  city  of  Byzan- 
tium, and  was  adopted  by  the  Turks.  This  device  is  of 
ancient  origin,  as  appears  from  several  medals,  and  took 
its  rise  from  an  event  thus  related  by  a  native  of  Byzan- 
tium. Philip,  the  father  of  Alexander  the  Great,  meeting 
with  great  difficulties  in  carrying  on  the  siege  of  this  city, 
set  the  workmen  one  dark  night  to  undermine  the  walls. 
Luckily  for  the  besieged,  a  young  moon  suddenly  appear- 
ing, discovered  the  design,  which  accordingly  miscarried, 
in  acknowledgment  whereof  the  Byzantines  erected  a 
statue  to  Diana,  and  the  Crescent  became  the  symbol  of 
the  state." 

The  above  account,  if  correct,  points  out'the 
period  when  the  device  was  adopted,  probably 
antecedent  to  336  B.  c.,  when  the  death  of  Philip 
took  place. 

In  Leland's  Life  of  Philip  of  Macedon,  it  is 
related  that  at  the  siege  of  Byzantium,  a  bright 
meteor  appeared  in  the  air. 

"  The  meteor  which  had  appeared  so  opportunely  to 
direct  their  motions,  the  Byzantines  ascribed  to  the 
peculiar  favour  of  the  gods,  and  in  the  ardour  of  their 
acknowledgments  dedicated  a  statue  to  Hecate*,  before 
which  a  lamp  was  kept  burning  continually  by  night  and 
day  to  express  their  gratitude  to  the  goddess,  who  had 
been  pleased,  in  so  effectual  and  seasonable  a  manner,  to 
supply  the  absence  of  her  luminary." 

ANON. 

Foreign  Fountains  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  516.).  —  I  pos- 
sess a  folio  volume  (18  inches  by  10)  entitled  Les 
Fontaines  de  Paris,  anciennes  et  nouvelles,  ^par 
M.  Amaury  Duval,  Membre  de  1'Institut  Imperial 
de  France,  contenant  soixante  planches,  &c.,  Paris, 
1812,  which  is  quite  at  the  service  of  AQUARIUS. 

E.D. 

The  28th  Regiment,  why  called  "  The  Slashers  ?  " 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  494.).  — 

"Slashers,  a  nickname  which  was  given  during  the 
American  war  to  the  28th  regiment  of  foot,  and  which 
took  its  origin  from  the  following  circumstance.  One 
Walker,  a  magistrate  in  Canada,  having  during  a  severe 
winter,  with  great  inhumanity,  refused  to  give  eomfort- 


*  The  same  as  Proserpine  or  Diana.  She  was  called 
Luna  in  Heaven,  Diana  on  earth,  and  Hecate  or  Proser- 
pine in  hell." 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


115 


able  billets  to  the  -women  belonging  to  the  28th,  and  some 
of  them  having  perished  in  consequence  of  the  inclemency 
of  the  weather,  so  great  was  the  resentment  of  the  corps, 
that  some  officers  dressed  themselves  like  savages,  entered 
his  house  whilst  he  was  sitting  with  his  family,  danced 
round  the  table,  and  suddenly  pulling  him  back  upon  his 
chair,  cut  off  both  his  ears.  They  instantly  disappeared ; 
nor  was  the  deed  discovered  until  after  their  departure. 
From  this  circumstance,  and  in  consequence  of  various 
intrepid  actions  which  the  28th  performed  during  the 
course  of  the  war,  the  men  obtained  the  name  of '  Slashers.' 
Their  conduct  in  Egypt,  &c.,  has  confirmed  this  character 
for  intrepidity ;  so  that  a  recruit  no  sooner  joins  the  28th, 
or  '  Slashers,'  than  he  instantly  feels  himself  equal  to  the 
most  desperate  enterprise,  daring  to  do  what  some  scarce 
dare  to  think."  —  Vide  James's  Military  Dictionary, 
4th  ed.,  London,  1816. 

w.w. 

La  Valetta,  Malta. 

"  Heroic  Epistle  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  66.).  —  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  title  of  the  piece  inquired  after  by 
E.  H.  T. : 

"An  Heroic  Epistle  to  the  Rev.  Richard  Watson, 
D.  D.,  F.R.S.,  Archdeacon  of  Ely,  late  Professor  of  Che- 
mistry, now  Regius  Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  University 
of  Cambridge.  Enriched  with  elaborate  Notes,  and  very 
learned  References.  London  .  printed  for  T.  Becket, 
Adelphi,  Strand,  1780." 

There  is  a  copy  in  the  British  Museum,  press-mark 
643.  k.  10.  '  J.  YEOWEIX. 

Epigram  on  Two  Contractors  (Vol.  x.,  p.  61.). 
—  I  would  answer  your  correspondent  A.  by 
giving  another  epigram.  The  celebrated  pirate 
and  most  notorious  renegade,  Paul  Jones,  having 
tyrannised  over  and  brutally  treated  one  of  his 
officers,  a  lieutenant  under  his  command,  of  the 
name  of  Sullivan,  the  latter  no  sooner  got  on 
shore  than  he  challenged  Jones  to  fight  a  duel, 
which  the  oppressor  had  not  the  resolution  to 
accept. 

London  Courant  (daily  paper)  of  Friday, 
8th  December,  1780;  epigram  on  Paul  Jones's 
refusing  the  challenge  of  Lieut.  Sullivan  : 

"  Ibit  eo,  quo  vis,  qui  zonam  perdidit." 

Hor.  Epist.,  lib.  n.  ii.  40. 

"  Great  Jones  now  free,  from  future  reprobation, 
j4.  duel  elect,  secured  his  own  salvation  ; 
This  son  of  Calvin,  rich  with  plunder'd  ore, 
Fought  the  good  fight,  and  now  will  fight  no  more. 
What  dread  of  foul  disgrace  can  e'er  confound 
The  conscious  worth  of  eighty  thousand  pound  ? 
Let  Harley,  Mure,  and  Atkinson  be  dumb, 
He  clears  his  conscience  who  has  clear'd  a  plum." 

Mr.  Harley  was  a  wine  merchant,  and  a  con- 
tractor for  remittances,  provisions,  and  clothing. 

Messrs.  Mure  and  Atkinson  were  contractors 
for  rum,  and  probably  the  latter  for  corn  also. 

Sir  Philip  Clerke,  M.  P.  for  Totness,  said, 
4th  May,  1778,  in  the  House,  that  Messrs.  Mure 
and  Atkinson  received  to  the  tune  of  250,000/. 
clear  profit  on  their  contracts.  It  was  said  Mr. 
Robinson,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  introduced 


these  great  contractors  to   Lord  North    about 
1775.  r. 

Obtains  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  589.).  — The  verb  obtinere 
is  employed  intransitively,  in  the  sense  of  "  to 
prevail,  or  reign,"  in  the  best  Latin  authors.  The 
dictionaries  quote  the  Pandects  in  support  of  this 
meaning:  "Consuetudo  qua3  retro  obtinuit"  (a 
custom  which  hath  of  old  prevailed).  Webster 
gives  an  English  authority  (Sir  Richard  Baker)  of 
two  centuries  back.  Other  modern  tongues  have 
not,  I  believe,  preserved  this  meaning  in  their 
words  derived  from  obtinere ;  and  it  is  most  pro- 
bable that  it  was  once,  like  the  verb  "  to  ignore" 
(in  the  sense  of  "  to  treat  as  non-existent"),  con- 
fined to  our  lawyers.  W.  M.  T. 

The  use  of  this  word,  impersonally  and  intransi- 
tively, in  reference  to  a  custom,  law,  &c.,  is  clearly 
traceable  to  the  Latin,  as  may  be  learned  from  any 
dictionary  of  that  language.  Thus  Ainsworth : 
"  Obtinet.  Impers.,  it  obtains ;  Hodie  obtinuit  in- 
differenter  qusestores  creari,  Ulp"  B.  H.  C. 

Thomas  Chester,  Bishop  of  Elphin — Wills  in 
Ireland  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  340.). — MR.  TEWARS  makes 
inquiry  as  to  Thomas  Chester,  Bishop  of  Elphin 
in  1580,  and  as  to  offices  for  wills  in  Ireland.  In 
each  diocese  there  is  a  registry  for  wills,  and  a 
copy  of  the  will  of  the  above-mentioned  Bishop 
of  Elphin  may  have  been  entered  in  one  of  the 
books  of  the  registry  of  Elphin  diocese.  A  search 
would  be  made  for  this  will  if  a  letter  were  ad- 
dressed to  "  Mr.  Kenney,  Registrar  of  Elphin,  at 
Elphin,  Ireland,"  and  postage  stamps  to  the 
amount  of  2s.  6d.  inclosed  in  the  letter. 

There  is  a  general  registry  for  wills  in  Dublin, 
called  the  Prerogative  Office,  situate  in  Henrietta 
Street ;  and  if  the  will  above  mentioned  be  not 
entered  amongst  the  records  of  Elphin  diocese,  it 
may  be  found  perhaps  in  this  office.  A  letter 
addressed  to  Mr.  Hawkins,  the  registrar,  would,  I 
think,  receive  attention  and  a  reply.  The  charge 
for  a  search  in  this  office  also  is  half-a-crown. 

JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 

Saltcellar  (Vol.ix.,  p.  10.).  — 

"  To  sit  at  the  table  above  or  below  the  salt  was  a  mark 
of  distinction  in  opulent  families.  The  salt  was  contained 
in  a  massive  silver  utensil,  called  a  safer,  now  corrupted 
into  cellar,  which  was  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  table ; 
persons  of  distinction  sat  nearest  the  head  of  the  table,  or 
above  the  salt,  and  inferior  relations  or  dependants  below 
it." — Toone's  Glossary,  p.  400. 

B.  H.  C. 

Cann  Family  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  330.).  —  There  has 
long  been  a  family  of  that  name  residing  in  Wy- 
mondham,  with  many  branches  in  the  adjacent 
villages.  They  believe  themselves  to  come  from 
the  "  far  west."  They  are  in  the  commission  of 
the  peace,  and  possess  a  good  estate  at  Wram- 
plingham,  Norfolk.  HENRY  DAVENET. 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  249. 


Coronation  Custom  (Vol.  x.,  p.  13.).  — Being  at 
a  distance  from  books,  I  cannot  refer  to  the  "  al- 
terations "  in  the  coronation  form  referred  to,  but 
not  specifically  stated,  by  H.  P.  of  Lincoln's  Inn  ; 
but  I  can  venture  to  say  that  his  conclusion,  "  that 
the  consent  of  the  people  is  asked  in  every  coro- 
nation-ritual except  our  oum,"  is  in  the  last  point 
erroneous.  I  know  not  what  English  coronation- 
ritual  he  may  have  consulted,  but  I  know,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  that  the  sovereign  is  presented  to 
the  acceptance  of  the  people  in  a  form  technically 
called  The  Recognition,  which  was,  as  I  saw  and 
heard,  responded  to  by  the  people,  not  "  by  a  re- 
spectful silence,"  as  H.  P.  describes  the  French 
practice,  but  by  a  hearty  popular  acclamation.  I 
have  seen  this  ceremony,  and  the  rationale  of  it, 
explained  in,  I  think,  a  recent  number  of  the 
Quarterly  Review.  C. 

"  Latten-jawed"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  53.).  —  I  cannot 
but  believe  that  your  correspondent  FURVUS  is 
mistaken  in  the  words  latten-jaioed,  and,  conse- 
quently, in  his  interpretation  of  them  ;  and  that 
the  term  really  used,  but  mispronounced,  was 
leathern-jawed,  which  is  common  enough. 

Allow  me  to  suggest  that,  in  the  preceding 
pages,  where  Queen  Elizabeth  is  described  to  have 
been  "  of  stature  meane,"  this  must  have  been 
intended  for  "of  stature  mesne"  or  middle  height, 
since  she  is  nowhere  represented  to  have  been 
short.  NEGLECTCS. 

"  Golden  Tooth"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  337.).—  In  this 
part  of  the  West  of  Scotland,  when  a  young  per- 
son shed  a  tooth,  it  was  customary  for  the  parent 
to  give  strict  injunctions  that  the  tongue  was  not 
to  be  thrust  into  the  cavity  for  a  considerable 
time,  alleging  as  a  penalty  that  it  would  prevent 
another  from  growing  in  its  place.  We  had  not 
advanced  so  far  in  the  "golden  tooth"  as  those  in 
the  "  South  of  Ireland."  It  was  with  us  probably 
also  as  a  "  lure"  or  stratagem,  from  the  void  felt 
in  the  gum  for  some  time  after  that  circumstance 
occurring,  not  to  cause  any  distortion  of  face,  to 
which  the  contrary  might  have  given  rise.  G.  N. 

"  Condendaque  Lexica"  fyc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  421.). 
—  I  cannot  answer  this  question,  but  I  can  point 
to  a  passage  from  which,  perhaps,  the  sentiment 
of  the  above  words  was  borrowed.  It  is  at  the 
back  of  the  title-page  of  Buxtorf  s  great  Rabbini- 
cal Lexicon,  as  published  in  1640  (or  1639,  both 
dates  are  given)  : 

"  JOS.  SCALIGEK. 

Si  quern  dura  manet  sententia  judicis  olim, 
Darnnatum  jErumnis  suppliciisque  caput : 

Hunc  neque  fabrili  lassent  ergastula  massa, 
Nee  rigidas  vexent  fossa  metalla  manus  : 

Lexica  contexat:  nam  csetera  quid  moror?    Omnes 
Poenarum  fades  hie  labor  unus  habet." 

B.  H.  C. 


"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  541.). — I  wonder  this 
word  is  not  in  Stephens.  Donnegan  gives  "  same 
signif.  as  x°P5^  a  gut>  hence  catgut.  From  this 
'  fides '  in  Latin,"  which  is  used,  as  all  know,  of  the 
strings  of  a  musical  instrument.  Probably  related 
to  o-wifa,  to  extend,  stretch,  whence  trinSfa,  extended, 
wide.  B.  H.  C. 

Grammars,  SfC.  for  Publio  Schools  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.8.  81.  209.).  — The  following  may  be  added: 

"  A  Latin  Grammar  for  the  use  of  Westminster  School. 
1832." 

"  Preces.    Etonae,  1705  and  1816." 

"  Catechesis  cum  Precibus  in  usum  Scholse  in  Burgo 
Gippovicensi.  Gippovici  (Ipswich),  1722." 

"  Catechesis  in  usum  Scholse  Mercatorum  Scissorum. 
Preces.  Per  J.  C.  1661,  and  1804." 

"  Preces  Catechismus  et  Hymni  in  usum  Scholae  juxta 
S.  Pauli  Templum.  1814." 

"  Davidis  Selecti  Psalmi  juxta  Corturi  Jonstoni  ver- 
sionem.  Schol.  Merc.  Sciss.,  1809. 

"  Epigrammatum  et  Poematum  Sacrorum  etPsalmorum 
Delectus.  Ex  Audoeno,  Barlaeo,  Buchanano.  Gippovici, 
1722." 

"  Tporro(rxrifjLa.To\oyia  in  usum  Schol.  Reg.  Gram,  apud 
S.  Edmundi  Burgum.  Ed.  11»,  1717." 

In  an  advertisement  attached  to  this  latter 
work  is  mentioned  "  'Oo/iaorucoc  Bpaxu,  in  usum 
Scholae  Westmonasteriensis." 

I  have  also  the  following,  and  should  like  to 
learn  something  of  Neumayrus  and  Juvencius. 

"  Enchiridion  Juvenile,  a  Neumayri  '  Methodo  vitae 
Christians  '  leviter  immutatum.  Bathonise,  1847." 

"Monita  Paedagogica,  a  Juvencio  leviter  immutata. 
Bathoniae." 

J.  W.  HEWETT. 

"  The  Birch  :  a  Poem"  (Vol.vii.,  p.  159.;  Vol.x., 
p.  73.).  —  I  fully  agree  with  your  correspondent 
ME.  HUGHES,  in  the  probable  emanation  of  this 
poem  from  the  King's  School,  Chester,  probably 
with  some  finishing  touches  from  )ts  master,  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Bancroft,  afterwards  Vicar  of 
Bolton-le- Moors.  I  think  that  I  have  seen  it  in 
his  MS.  folio  of  his  own  poetical  compositions  at 
school,  college,  and  in  later  life,  mixed  with  others 
by  his  pupils. 

The  same  correspondent  recently  inquired 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  40.)  for  the  "  Prolusiones  Poeticce,  circa 
1800."  The  real  date  of  this  elegant  specimen  of 
the  Chester  press  is  1788,  and  it  is  dedicated  to 
Bishop  Cleaver  as  "  the  literary  first-fruits  of 
the  King's  School."  Excepting,  however,  a  few 
poems  by  Mr.  J.  Falconer  and  Mr.  T.  Park,  pupils, 
all  was  the  work  of  Bancroft  himself,  or  the  late 
Mr.  William  P.  Greswell,  who  (as  I  believe)  was 
second  master  of  the  school,  and  certainly  assisted 
Bancroft  in  early  co-operations  and  revisions  con- 
nected wiih  the  preparation  of  Falconer's  Strabo. 
These  early  compositions  by  Greswell  have  not, 
as  far  as  I  am  aware,  been  noticed  among  the 
effusions  of  his  classical  pen.  LANCASTBIENSIS. 


AUG.  5.  1854.] 


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THEWS, at  the  Office  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle.  In  consequence  of  the  new 
postal  arrangements,  parties  in  the  country 
who  desire  it  can  have  copies  sent  by  post ; 
Six  Stamps,  in  addition  to  the  cost  of  the 
Numbers,  will  pass  10  Copies  Free  by  Post. 
The  cost  of  a  single  Copy,  Free  by  Post,  is  7d. 

THE   COTTAGER'S   CALEN- 
DAR  OF   GARDEN   OPERATIONS. 
By  SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON.   Reprinted  from 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle.    Above  85,000  have 
already  been  sold. 

INDEX  TO  THB  CONTENTS  : 


African  Lilies 

Agapanthus 

Anemones 

Annuals 

Apples 

Apricots 

Auriculas 

Beans 

Beet 

Biennials 

Black  Fly 

Books,  list  of,  for  Cot- 
tagers 

Borage 

Borecole 

Box  edgings 

Broccoli 

Brussels  Sprouts 

Budding 

Bulbs 

Cabbage 

Cactus 

Calceolarias 

Californian  Annuals 

Campanulas 

Carnations 

Carrots 

Cauliflowers 

Celery 

Cherries 

China  Asters 

China  Roses 

Chrysanthemums, 
Chinese 

Chives 

Clarkias 

Clematis 

Collinsias 

Coleworts 

Cress 

Creepers 

Crocus 

Crown  Imperials 

Cucumbers 

Cultivation  of  Flowers 
in  Windows 

Currants 

Dahlias 

Daisies 

Doa's-tooth  Violets 

Exhibitions,    prepar- 
ing articles  for 

Ferns,  as  protection 

Fruit 

Fruit  Cookery 

Fuchsias 

Gentianella 

Gilias 

Gooseberries 

Grafting 

Grapes 

Green  Fly 

Heartsease 


Herbs 

Herbaceous      Peren- 
nials 

Heliotrope 
Hollyhocks 
Honeysuckle 
Horse-radish 
Hyacinths 
Hydrangeas 
Hyssop 
Indian  Cress 
Iris 

Kidney  Beans 
Lavender 
Layering 
Leeks 

Leptosiphons 
Lettuce 
Lobelias 
London  Pride 
Lychnis,  Double 
Marigold 
Marjoram 
Manures 
Marvel  of  Peru 
Mese  mbry  anthemums 
Mignonette 
Mint 

Mushroom 
Mustard 
Narcissus 
Nemophilas 
CEnothera  bifrons 
Onions 
Pajonies 
Parsnip 
Parsley 
Peaches 
Pea-haulm 
Pears 
Peas 

Pelargoniums 
Perennials 
Persian  Iris 
Petunias 
Phlox 
Pigs 
Pinks 
Planting 
Plums 
Polyanthus 
Potatoes 
Privet 
Pruning 

Propagate  by  cuttings 
Pyracantha 
Radishes 
Ranunculus 
Raspberries 
Rhubarb 
Rockets 
Roses 
Rue 


Rustic  Vasea 

Sage 

Salvias 

Savoys 

Saxifrage 

Scarlet  Runner  Beans 

Seeds 

Sea  Daisy  or  Thrift 

Seakale 

Select  Flowers 

Select  Vegetables  and 

Fruit 
Slugs 
Snowdrops 
Soups 
Spinach 
Spruce  Fir 
Spur  pruning 
Stews 
Stocks 

Illustrated  with  several  Woodcuts. 

Published  by  J.  MATTHEWS,  5.  Upper  Wel- 
lington Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 


Strawberries 
Summer  Savory 
Sweet  Williams 
Thorn  Hedges 
Thyme 

Tigridia  Pavonia 
Transplanting 
Tree  lifting 
Tulips 
Turnips 

Vegetable  Cookery 
Venus's         Looking- 
glass 
Verbenas 
Vines 

Virginian  Stocks 
Wallflowers 
Willows 
Zinnias 


Price  3s.  6d.,  free  by  post. 

THE  TREE  ROSE.  —PRAC- 
TICAL  INSTRUCTIONS    FOR   ITS 
FORMATION    AND     CULTURE.      Illus- 
trated by  24  Woodcuts. 

Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  with 
additions. 

CONTENTS  : 

Annual  pruning  time,  principle  of  execution, 
&c. 

Binding  up 

Budding  knife 

Budding,  time  of  year,  day,  time  of  day,  state 
of  the  plant,  care  of  buds 

Budding  upon  body 

Bud,  insertion  of,  into  stock 

Bud,  preparation  of,  for  use 

Buds,  dormant  and  pushing 

Buds,  failing 

Buds,  securiug  a  supply  of 

Caterpillars,  slugs,  and  snails,  to  destroy 

Causes  of  success 

Dormant  buds,  theory  of  replanting  with  ex- 
plained 

Guards  against  wind 

Labelling 

Loosing  ligatures 

March  pruning 

Mixture  for  healing  wounds 

Planting  out,  arrangement  of  trees,  &c. 

Pruning  for  transplantation 

Pushing  eye,  spring  treatment  of  dwarf  shoots 
from 

Roses,  different  sorts  on  the  same  stock 

Roses,  short  list  of  desirable  sorts  for  budding 
with  a  pushing  eye 

Sap-bud,  treatment  of 

Shape  of  trees 

Shoots  and  buds,  choice  of 

Shoots  for  budding  upon,  and  their  arrange- 
ment 

Shoots,  keeping  even,  and  removing  thorns 

Shortening  wild  shoots 

Stocks,  planting  out  for  budding  upon;  the 
means  of  procurins  ;  colour,  age,  height ; 
sorts  for  different  species  of  Rose  ;  taking  up, 
trimming  roots,  sending  a  distance,  shorten- 
ing heads,  £c. ;  saw  proper  for  tne  purpose. 

GRAFTING. 

Aphides,  to  keep  down 

Free-growers,  remarks  on     _ 

Graft,  binding  up  and  finishing 

Grafting,  advantage  of 

Grafting,  disadvantage  of 

Operation  in  different  months 

Preliminary  observations 

Roses,  catalogue  and  brief  description  of  a  few 

sorts 

Scion,  preparation  and  insertion  ot 
Scions,  choice  and  arrangement  of 
Stock,  preparation  of 

APPENDIX. 

A  selection  of  varieties 

Comparison  between  budding  and  grafting. 

Post-Office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to 
JAMES  MATTHEWS.  5.  Upper  Wellington 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OP  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 

"  WTien  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  250.] 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  12.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 

i  Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 


NOTES  :  — 


Page 


Coleridges's  Lectures  on  Shakspeare,  by 
J.Payne  Col  Her  -  -  -  -  117 

Kotesonsome  Verses  by  Thomas  Camp- 
bell, by  G.  H.  Gordon  -  -  -  119 

Hampshire  Provincial  Words,  by  F.M. 
Middleton  -  -  -  -  120 

The  Inquisition,  by  B.  B.  WuTen  -    120 

"  Silence  "  of  the  Sun  or  tue  Light,  by 
T.J.  Buckton  -  -  -  -  122 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  "A  per  se  A  "  — 
Satire  on  Mr.  Fox—  Storey's  Gate 

—  Ancient    Bell  —  Earliest   Mention 
of  Porter  —  Bosses   in    Morwenstow- 
Church     -          -          -          -  -122 

QPKRIES  :  — 

Episcopal  Salutation         -          -          -    123 
The  Schoolboy  Formula  -          -  -    124 

Captain  Thomas  Drummond      -          -    125 

MINOR  QUERIES  :_  Dr.  John  Hine's 
Collections—  Quotations  of  Plato  and 
Aristotle— Who  struck  Geonre  IV.  ?  — 
The  American  Birtern— Mr.  Jekyll 
and  the  "Tears  of  the  Cruets lf— 
Sir  Hugh  Middleton's  Brothers  _ 
Churches  Erected—  Salutation  Cus- 
toms —  Angier  Family  —  Heraldic  — 
Scottish  Songs  —  Ancient  Punishment 
of  the  Jews— Ciu-lad  Rodrigo—Barony 
of  Scales  —  Dimidiation  :  the  Half 
Eagle  —  Cook's  Translation  of  a 
Greek  MS .  —  Old  Ballad  —  Mutilation 
of  Tacitus  —  Rubrical  Query— Army 
—The  first  English  Envoy  to  Russia 
— "  The  Tales  of  the  Fairies  "—Cork  125 

MINOR  QtTRRtEs  WTTR  ANSWERS  :  — 
Storm  in  Devon — Remigius  Van  ^em- 
put— Translation  of  the  Talmud,  &c. 

—  Letter  to  Aetius  —  Bernard  Mande- 
ville  —  Quotation  —  Precedency  of  the 
Peers  of  Ireland  in  England    -          -    128 

REPLIES  :  — 

The  Duneiad,  by  J.  IT.  Markland,  &c.  -    129 
Robert  Parsons,  by  W.  Denton,  &c.       -    I'M 
Brydone    and    Mount  Etna,  by  John 
Macray       -          -          -  -          -  131 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :— Pho- 
tography applied  to  Engraving  on 
Wood  —  Mr.  Lyte's  Instantaneous 
Process  -----  132 

UEPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Double 
Christian  Names  —  "  Forgive,  blest 
shade"— "Jah,"  in  Psalm  lxviii.4.— 
Singed  Vellum  —  Holy-loaf  Money  — 
Saying  of  Voltaire  — "Time  and  I" 
—Pictures  at  Hampton  Court  Palace 

—  Palaeologus  —  Rev.  Dr.  Scott  —  Ra- 
nulph   Crewe's  Geographical   Draw- 
ings—" To  lie  at  the  Catch  "  —  The 
Herodians  —  "  for  he  that  fights  and 
runs  away,"  &c.  -          -          -  -    133 

MISCELLANEOUS  : 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.  136 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
.Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X.— No.  250. 


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BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Heir  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
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storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
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Bottles,  2s.  6rf. :  double  size,  4s.  &2. ;  7s.  6(1. 
equal  to  4  small;  lls.  to  C  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifler  ever 
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SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 
BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 

does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
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BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
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mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  6rf.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street ; 
JACKSON',  9  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  I  OS. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork :  BARRY,  9.  Main 
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GER,  150.  Oxford  Street  ;  PROUT,  •>:=!). 
Strand  :  KEATIVG,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
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DR.  DE  JONGH'S  LIGHT 
BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL.  The  most 
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bottles.  2«.  (id. :  pints,  4s.  9rf.,  IMPERIAL 
MEASURE.  Wholesale  and  Retail  Depot, 

ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77.  Strand. 


MUTUAL  LIFE  ASSURANCE. 

THE  SCOTTISH  PROVIDENT 

J  INSTITUTION  combines  the  advantage 
of  Participation  in  the  whole  Profits  with  mo- 
derate Premiums. 

The  premiums  are  as  low  as  those  of  the  non- 
participating  scale  of  the  proprietary  compa- 
nies. They  admit  of  being  so  not  only  with 
safety,  but  with  ample  reversion  of  profits  to 
the  policy-holders,  being  free  from  the  burden 
of  payment  of  dividend  to  shareholders. 

At  the  first  division  of  surplus  in  the  present 
year,  bonus  additions  were  made  to  policies 
which  had  come  within  the  participating  class, 
varyinsr  from  20  to  51  per  cent,  on  their  amount. 

In  all  points  of  practice  —  as  in  the  provision 
for  the  indefeasibility  of  policies,  facility  of  li- 
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—  the  regulations  of  the  Society,  as  well  as  the 
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TITESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 

TT     RANGE  AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

S.  EARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 

Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 

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.   T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq.  j  J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

M.P.  J.  A.Lethhridge.EsQ. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq.  E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

W.Evans.  Esq.  J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

I    W.  Freeman,  Esq.  J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

F.  Fuller,  Esq.  J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 

I   J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

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T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

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Charing  Cross. 

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according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectua. 

Specimens  of  Rales  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
inn/.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits  : 


Age 
17  - 
22  - 
27- 


£  s.  d. 

-  1  14    4 

-  1  18    8 

-  2    4    5 


Age 
32  - 
37- 
42- 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6d.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions.  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VFSTMKNT  and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TRE  ATTSF  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies.  Building  Companies, 
Sic.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street.  London. 

PHUBB'S      FIRE-PROOF 

I J  SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  —  These  safes  are 
the  m-ist  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire. 
Chubb's  locks,  with  all  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com- 
plete lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool :  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


117 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  12,  18-54. 


COLERIDGE'S  LECTURES  ON  SHAKSPEARE. 

A  learned  friend  of  mine,  and  a  justly  valued 
contributor  to  "  K.  &  Q.,"  the  REV.  DR.  MAIT- 
LAND,  has  referred  me  to  the  following  passage  in 
the  Mishna  (Capita  Patrum,  v.  §  15.),  in  illustra- 
tion of  Coleridge's  division  of  readers  into  four 
classes,  as  mentioned  in  my  last  communication 
regarding  his  lectures  of  1812-13.  The  resem- 
blance is  striking  : 

"  Quadruplices  conditiones  (inveniunt)  in  his  qui  sedent 
coram  sapientibus  (audiendi  causa).  Videlicet  conditio 
spongiae,  clepsydrae,  sacci  fecinacei,  et  cribri.  Spongia 
sugendo  attrahit  omnia.  Clepsydra  quod  ex  una  parte 
attrahit,  ex  altera  rursum  effuudit.  Saccus  fecinaceus 
effundit  vinum  et  colligit  feces.  Cribrum  emittit  farinam 
et  colligit  similam." 

I  need  hardly  say  that  the  passage  is  new  to 
me,  being  entirely  out  of  my  line  of  reading;  but 
how  far  it  would  have  been  new  to  Coleridge,  I 
cannot  determine  :  my  note  of  the  opening  of  his 
second  lecture  does  not  show  that  he  referred  to 
any  authority,  but  contains  merely  these  intro- 
ductory words,  "  Readers  may  be  divided  into 
four  classes."  Therefore,  if  he  acknowledged  the 
obligation,  I  have  no  trace  of  it ;  and  my  opinion 
is,  not  only  that  he  did  not,  but  that  it  was  scarcely 
necessary  in  a  popular  address  (not  a  written 
essay)  to  be  very  particular  on  such  points. 
However,  it  well  merited  observation,  and  in  what 
I  sent  I  should  have  noticed  it,  had  the  informa- 
tion been  in  my  possession.  If  we  are  to  blame 
Coleridge  for  plagiarism,  we  are  bound  to  praise 
him  for  improvements  on  the  original.  I  will 
now  proceed  to  some  other  points,  inserting  as 
little  of  my  own,  and  as  much  of  Coleridge's,  as 
your  limits  will  allow. 

I  will  commence  with  a  passage  somewhat  akin 
to  what  precedes,  where  the  lecturer  divides  the 
readers  of  Shakspeare  into  two  classes,  intro- 
ducing them  by  some  general  remarks  upon  the 
characters  the  poet  employs  in  his  dramas.  It 
occurs  in  the  ninth  lecture,  where  he  says, — 

"  Shakspeare's  characters,  from  Othello  and 
Macbeth  down  to  Dogberry  and  the  Gravedigger, 
may  be  termed  ideal  realities  ;  they  are  not  the 
things  themselves,  so  much  as  abstracts  of  the 
things  which  a  great  mind  takes  into  itself,  and 
there  naturalises  them  to  its  own  conception. 
Take  Dogberry  :  are  no  important  truths  there 
conveyed,  no  admirable  lessons  taught,  and  no 
valuable  allusions  made  to  reigning  follies,  which 
the  poet  saw  must  for  ever  reign  ?  Dogberry  is 
not  the  creature  of  the  day,  to  disappear  with  the 
day,  but  the  representative  and  abstract  of  truth, 


which  must  ever  be  true,  and  of  humour,  which 
must  ever  be  humorous. 

"  The  readers  of  Shakspeare  may  be  divided 
into  two  classes :  1 .  Those  who  read  his  works 
both  with  feeling  and  understanding ;  2.  Those 
who,  without  aflecting  to  criticise,  merely  feel, 
and  may  be  said  to  be  recipients  of  the  poet's 
power. 

"  Between  these  two  there  can  be  no  medium. 
The  ordinary  reader,  who  does  not  bring  his  un- 
derstanding to  bear  upon  the  subject,  is  often 
sensible  that  some  ideal  trait  of  his  own  has  been 
caught  —  that  some  nerve  has  been  touched  ;  and 
he  knows  that  it  has  been  touched  by  the  vibration 
he  experiences  —  a  thrill,  which  tells  us  that  we 
have  become  better  acquainted  with  ourselves. 

"  In  the  plays  of  Shakspeare  every  man  sees 
himself  without  knowing  that  he  does  so ;  as  in 
some  of  the  phenomena  of  nature,  in  the  mist  of 
the  mountain,  the  traveller  beholds  his  own  figure, 
but  the  glory  round  the  head  distinguishes  it  from 
a  mere  vulgar  copy ;  in  traversing  the  Brocken, 
in  the  north  of  Germany,  at  sunrise,  the  brilliant 
beams  are  shot  askance,  and  you  see  before  you 
a  being  of  gigantic  proportions,  and  of  such  ele- 
vated dignity,  that  you  only  recognise  it  to  be 
yourself  by  similarity  of  action.  In  the  same  way, 
near  Messina,  natural  forms,  at  determined  dis- 
tances, are  represented  on  an  invisible  atmosphere, 
not  as  they  really  exist,  but  dressed  in  all  the 
prismatic  colours  of  the  imagination.  So  in 
Shakspeare,  every  form  is  true,  everything  has 
reality  for  its  foundation ;  we  can  all  recognise 
the  truth,  but  we  see  it  decorated  with  such  hues 
of  beauty,  and  magnified  with  such  proportions  of 
grandeur,  that,  while  we  know  the  figure,  we 
know  also  how  much  it  has  been  refined  and 
exalted." 

A  great  part  of  this  ninth  lecture  was  devoted 
to  the  Tempest,  and  passing  over  what  is  said  of 
Prospero,  Miranda,  and  other  characters,  I  shall 
make  a  quotation  from  what  Coleridge  said  re- 
garding Ariel. 

"  If  (he  observed)  a  doubt  could  ever  be  en- 
tertained, whether  Sliakspeare  was  a  great  poet, 
acting  upon  laws  ari.sing  out  of  his  own  nature, 
and  not  without  law,  as  has  sometimes  been  idly 
asserted,  that  doubt  must  be  removed  by  the  cha- 
racter of  Ariel.  The  very  first  words  lie  utters 
introduce  the  spirit,  not  as  an  angel  above  men ; 
not  as  a  fiend,  below  men  ;  but  while  the  dra- 
matist gives  him  the  faculties  and  advantages 
of  reason,  he  divests  him  of  all  mortal  cha- 
racter, not  positively  it  is  true,  but  negatively. 
In  air  he  lives,  from  air  he  derives  his  being  ;  in 
air  he  acts,  and  all  his  colours  and  properties  seem 
to  have  been  obtained  from  the  rainbow  and  the 
skies.  There  is  nothing  about  Ariel  that  cannot 
be  conceived  to  exist  either  at  sunrise  or  sunset ; 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


hence  all  that  belongs  to  Ariel  belongs  to  the 
pleasure  the  mind  is  capable  of  receiving  from 
external  appearances.  His  answers  to  Prospero 
are  directly  to  the  question  and  nothing  beyond ; 
or  where  he  expatiates,  which  is  not  unfrequently, 
it  is  upon  his  own  delights,  or  upon  the  unnatural 
situation  in  which  he  is  placed,  though  under  a 
kindly  power  and  to  good  ends. 

"  Shakspeare  has  properly  made  Ariel's  very 
first  speech  characteristic  of  him.  After  he  has 
described  the  manner  in  which  he  has  raised  the 
fitorm,  and  produced  its  harmless  consequences, 
we  find  that  he  is  discontented  —  that  he  has  been 
freed  it  is  true  from  a  cruel  confinement,  but  still 
that  he  is  not  at  liberty,  but  bound  to  obey 
Prospero  and  to  execute  his  commands.  We  feel 
that  such  a  state  of  bondage  is  almost  unnatural, 
yet  we  see  that  it  is  delightful  to  him  to  be  so 
employed.  It  is  as  if  we  were  to  command  one  of 
the  winds  in  a  different  direction  to  that  which 
nature  dictates,  or  one  of  the  waves,  now  rising 
and  now  sinking,  to  recede  before  it  bursts  upon 
the  shore.  Such  is  the  feeling  we  experience 
when  we  learn  that  a  being  like  Ariel  is  com- 
manded to  fulfil  any  mortal  behest." 

The  lecturer  proceeded  in  this  strain  for  some 
time,  illustrating  most  emphatically  the  admirable 
judgment  of  Shakspeare  in  this  drama,  as  well  as 
the  astonishing  powers  of  his  imagination.  He 
then  adverted  to  the  contrast  afforded  by  Caliban. 

"  The  character  of  Caliban  (said  Coleridge)  is 
wonderfully  conceived ;  he  is  a  creature  of  the 
earth,  as  Ariel  is  a  creature  of  the  air.  He  par- 
takes of  the  qualities  of  the  brute,  but  is  distin- 
guished from  brutes  in  two  ways  —  by  having 
understanding  without  moral  reason,  and  by  not 
possessing  the  instincts  which  pertain  to  mere 
animals.  Still,  in  some  respects,  Caliban  is  a  noble 
being ;  the  poet  has  raised  him  far  above  con- 
tempt ;  he  is  a  man  in  the  sense  of  the  imagina- 
tion ;  all  the  images  he  uses  are  highly  poetical ; 
they  fit  in  with  the  images  of  Ariel.  Caliban 
gives  us  images  from  the  earth,  Ariel  images  from 
the  air.  Caliban  talks  of  the  difficulty  of  finding 
fresh  water,  of  the  situation  of  morasses,  and  other 
circumstances,  which  even  brute  instinct,  without 
the  aid  of  reason,  could  comprehend.  No  mean 
figure  is  employed  by  him;  no  mean  passion  dis- 
played, beyond  animal  passions  and  a  repugnance 
to  command." 

Surely  all  this  is  admirably  said,  and  nicely  and 
philosophically  distinguished ;  and  I  seem  to  have 
been  so  sensible  of  the  worth  of  what  was  uttered, 
that  my  note  of  this  lecture  is  longer  than  of  any 
other,  with  the  exception  of  that  upon  Romeo  and 
Juliet,  from  which  I  shall  select  one  or  two  speci- 
mens. First,  I  will  insert  Coleridge's  definition 
of  love,  which  he  gave  in  these  terms  : 

"  Love  is  a  perfect  desire  of  the  whole  being  to 


be  united  to  some  thing  or  some  being,  felt  neces- 
sary to  its  completeness,  by  the  most  perfect 
means  that  nature  permits  and  reason  dictates." 

Upon  this  idea  of  the  imperfectness  of  one  sex, 
which  is  always  striving  after  perfection  by  unit- 
ing itself  with  the  other  sex,  the  lecturer  mainly 
relied,  and  he  followed  up  his  definition  (after  a  little 
enlargement  and  explanation)  by  these  remarks  : 

"  Love  is  not,  like  hunger,  a  mere  selfish  appe- 
tite :  it  is  an  associative  quality.  The  hungry 
savage  is  nothing  but  an  animal,  thinking  only  of 
the  satisfaction  of  his  stomach.  What  is  the  first 
effect  of  love,  but  to  associate  the  feeling  with 
every  object  in  nature :  the  trees  whisper,  the 
roses  exhale  their  perfumes,  the  nightingales  sing 
— nay,  the  very  skies  smile  in  unison  with  the 
feeling  of  true  and  pure  love.  It  gives  to  every 
object  in  nature  a  power  of  the  heart,  without 
which  it  would  indeed  be  spiritless,  a  mere  dead 
copy. 

"  Shakspeare  has  described  this  passion  in 
various  states  and  stages ;  beginning,  as  was  most 
natural,  with  love  in  the  young.  Does  he  open 
his  play  with  making  Romeo  and  Juliet  in  love 
at  first  sight,  at  the  earliest  glimpse,  as  any  ordi- 
nary thinker  would  do?  Certainly  not:  he  knew 
what  he  was  about,  and  how  he  was  to  accomplish, 
what  he  was  about.  He  was  to  develop  the  whole 
passion,  and  he  commences  with  the  first  elements 
—  that  sense  of  imperfection,  that  yearning  to 
combine  itself  with  something  lovely.  Romeo 
became  enamoured  of  the  idea  he  had  formed  in 
his  mind ;  and  then,  as  it  were,  christened  the 
first  real  being  of  the  contrary  sex  as  endowed 
with  the  perfections  he  desired.  He  appears  to 
be  in  love  with  Rosaline ;  but,  in  truth,  he  is  in 
love  only  with  his  own  idea.  He  felt  that  neces- 
sity of  being  beloved,  which  no  noble  mind  can  be 
without.  Then  our  poet  —  our  poet  who  so  well 
knew  human  nature — introduces  Romeo  and 
Juliet,  and  makes  it  nut  only  a  violent  but  a 
permanent  love ;  a  point  for  which  Shakspeare 
has  been  ridiculed  by  the  ignorant  and  unthink- 
ing. Romeo  is  first  represented  in  a  state  most 
susceptible  of  love ;  and  then,  seeing  Juliet,  he 
took  and  retained  the  infection." 

I  consider  myself  fortunate  to  have  been  able 
to  rescue  such  points  as  these  from  the  oblivion  to 
which  I  fear  Coleridge's  other  lectures  are  de- 
stined ;  and  I  will  add  a  single  short  paragraph 
regarding  a  class  of  characters  that  has  hitherto 
excited  little  observation. 

"  As  I  may  not  have  another  opportunity,  the 
introduction  of  Friar  Lawrence  into  this  tragedy 
enables  me  to  remark  upon  the  different  manner 
in  which  Shukspeare  has  treated  the  priestly 
character,  as  compared  with  other  writers.  In 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  priests  are  represented  as 
a  vulgar  mockery ;  and,  as  in  other  of  their  dramatic 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


personages,  the  errors  of  a  few  are  mistaken  for 
the  demeanour  of  the  many.  In  Shakspeare  they 
always  carry  with  them  your  love  and  respect. 
He  made  no  imperfect  abstractions :  he  took  no 
copies  from  the  worst  part  of  our  nature ;  and, 
like  the  rest,  his  characters  of  priests  are  drawn 
from  the  general  body." 

Coleridge  devoted  one  lecture  to  Richard  II.  and 
Hamlet.  The  first  was  his  favourite  historical  play; 
and  his  admiration  of  the  second  is  well  known. 
His  peculiar  views  on  the  character  and  conduct 
of  the  Danish  prince  were  stated,  perhaps,  at  more 
length  in  1818,  but  not  with  greater  distinctness 
and  emphasis.  "  N.  &  Q."  will,  I  trust,  be  able 
to  find  room  for  the  two  subsequent  paragraphs  : 

"  The  first  question  we  should  ask  ourselves  is, 
•what  did  Shakspeare  mean  when  he  drew  the 
character  of  Hamlet  ?  He  never  wrote  anything 
•without  design,  and  what  was  his  design  when  he 
sat  down  to  produce  this  tragedy  ?  Sly  belief  is 
that  he  always  regarded  his  story  before  he  began 
to  write,  much  in  the  same  light  that  a  painter 
regards  his  canvas  before  he  begins  to  paint  —  as 
a  mere  vehicle  for  his  thoughts,  as  the  ground 
upon  which  he  was  to  work.  What  then  was  the 
point  to  which  Shakspeare  directed  himself  in 
Hamlet?  He  intended  to  pourtray  a  person  in 
whose  view  the  external  world,  and  all  its  inci- 
dents and  objects,  were  comparatively  dim,  and  of 
no  interest  in  themselves;  and  which  began  to 
interest,  when  they  were  reflected  in  the  mirror 
of  his  mind.  Hamlet  beheld  external  things,  in 
the  same  way  that  a  man  of  vivid  imagination, 
who  shuts  his  eyes,  sees  what  has  previously  made 
an  impression  on  his  organs. 

"  The  poet  places  him  in  the  most  stimulating 
circumstances  that  a  human  being  can  be  placed 
in  :  he  is  the  heir  apparent  of  a  throne ;  his  father 
dies  suspiciously ;  his  mother  excludes  her  son 
from  his  throne  by  marrying  his  uncle.  This  is 
not  enough  ;  but  the  ghost  of  his  murdered  father 
is  introduced,  to  assure  the  son  that  he  was  put  to 
death  by  his  own  brother.  What  is  the  effect 
upon  the  son  ?  Instant  action,  and  pursuit  of 
revenge  ?  No,  endless  reasoning  and  hesitating ; 
constant  urging  and  solicitation  of  the  mind  to 
act,  and  as  constant  an  escape  from  action.  Cease- 
less reproaches  of  himself  for  sloth  and  negligence, 
while  the  whole  energy  of  his  resolution  evapo- 
rates in  these  reproaches.  This,  too,  not  from 
cowardice — -for  Hamlet  is  drawn  as  one  of  the 
bravest  of  his  time ;  not  from  want  of  forethought, 
or  from  slowness  of  apprehension — for  he  sees 
through  the  very  souls  of  all  who  surround  him  ; 
but  merely  from  that  aversion  to  action  which 
prevails  among  such  as  have  a  world  in  them- 
selves." 

I  will  only  add,  that  while  Coleridge  paid  a  just 
tribute  to  the  sagacity  and  penetration  of  German 


critics,  he  claimed  for  himself  the  merit  of  ori- 
ginality in  his  opinions  and  observations  upon. 
Shakspeare.  He  admitted  that  in  the  interval 
between  one  lecture  and  another,  a  friend  had 
put  a  German  work  into  his  hand  which  in  some 
respects  corresponded  with  his  notions ;  but  he 
distinctly  denied  that  he  had  ever  seen  it  before, 
or  that  he  had  in  any  way  been  guided  or  in- 
fluenced by  it.  It  will  be  borne  in  mind,  that  all 
I  have  written  belongs  to  the  end  of  the  year 
1812,  and  the  beginning  of  the  year  1813. 

J.  PAYNE  COLLIER. 
Riverside,  Maidenhead. 


NOTES   ON   SOME   VERSES   BT  THOMAS    CAMPBELL. 

MR.  TONNA,  in  Vol.  x.,  p.  44.,  has  certainly 
given  a  curious  illustration  of  the  verbal  nicety 
(almost  equal  to  Gray's !)  of  my  late  friend,  the 
illustrious  Bard  of  Hope.  But  though  he  refers 
to  the  copy  of  the  verses  in  question,  printed  in 
the  New  Monthly  Magazine,  some  months  after 
the  incident  he  describes,  he  does  not  appear  to 
have  seen  it,  else  he  would  have  observed  that 
Campbell  discarded  his  "  second  thoughts,"  and 
reverted  to  the  word  "  severed."  Perhaps  he 
thought  "  parted  "  and  "  depart "  looked  some- 
what like  a  conceit,  to  which  he  was  always  op- 
posed. In  this  copy,  and  in  one  which  now  lies 
before  me,  in  the  author's  autograph,  and  which  I 
saw  him  write,  after  the  death  of  the  lovely,  ac- 
complished, and  unfortunate  subject  of  the  verses, 
there  are  two  lines  altered  from  MR.  T.'s  version  :. 

"  Could  I  bring  lost  youth  back  again," 
is  substituted  for 

"  Could  I  recall  lost  youth  again ; " 

"  Affection's  tender  glow  " 
becomes 

"  Devoted  rapture's  glow," 

which  is  more  impassioned  and  poetical,  I  think^ 

MR.T.  does  not  seem  to  have  consulted  Beattie's 
Life  of  the  poet,  where  (vol.  iii.  p.  70.)  this  little 
poem  is  reprinted,  with  a  note  by  the  bio- 
grapher. There  also  he  would  have  found  the 
striking  sketch  of  the  "Battle  of  the  Baltic," 
which  I  transcribed  from  an  early  letter  of  Camp- 
bell to  his  brother  bard,  Sir  Walter  Scott,  and 
from  which  the  author's  over-delicate  taste  re- 
jected eight  whole  stanzas,  two  or  three  of  them 
almost  as  fine,  even  in  this  rough  draft,  as  several 
of  those  which  have  so  much  contributed  to  his 
immortality. 

It  is  remarkable  that  we  do  not  find  in  this 
sketch  the  expression  "  to  anticipate  the  scene," 
interpolated  for  the  sake  of  the  rhyme,  and  which 
falls  on  the  mind  so  "  stale,  flat,  and  unprofitable," 
amid  so  many  "  words  that  burn  "  and  stir  one's 
blood  like  the  sound  of  a  trumpet ! 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


There  are  two  or  three  poems  in  the  Life  which 
ought  to  be  in  his  collected  works.  I  shall  only 
instance  the  spirited  "  British  Grenadiers  "  (vol.  ii. 
p.  289.),  and  the  noble  lines  entitled  "  Launch 
of  a  First  Rate"  (vol.  iii.  p.  295.).  Had  the 
"  Launch  "  been  composed  before  the  last  collec- 
tion of  his  poems  passed  through  Campbell's 
hands,  I  fancy  even  his  fastidiousness  would  have 
permitted  its  addition  to  the  "  Naval  Songs." 

In  curiosa  felicitas  of  expression,  Campbell's 
small  volume  is  a  mine  of  wealth ;  yet  he  some- 
times uses  epithets  so  faulty  that  they  could  not 
have  escaped  a  far  less  critical  eye.  I  think  it 
has  never  been  remarked  that  the  obvious  and 
unmistakeable  pleonasm  in  the  burden  of  "  Ye 
Mariners  of  England,"  — 

"  While  the  stormy  tempests  blow  " 

(one  might,  with  as  much  propriety,  speak  of  a 
tranquil  calm!),  was  first  rejected  by  the  poet 
after  it  had  been  reprinted  hundreds  of  times,  in 
his  most  elaborate  edition  of  1837,  with  Turner's 
illustrations ;  and  that  he  substituted  the  exact 
words  of  the  chorus  of  the  old  song  ("  Ye  Gentle- 
men of  England"),  the  music  of  which  elicited 
this  noble  lyric, — 

"  While  the  stormy  winds  do  blow," 
in  which,  by-the-bye,  the  full,  open  sound  of 
*'  do "  seems  to  me  preferable  to  the  hissing  of 
"  -pests."  Yet  it  was  some  time  before  the  tem- 
pests were  driven  from  the  field  by  the  wind's,  for 
I  find  them  arrayed  in  exquisite  type  in  the  Book 
of  Gems  (culled,  I  presume,  by  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall), 
published  the  year  offer  Campbell's  pet  edition. 

GEO.  HUNTLT  GORDON. 
H.  M.  Stationery  Office,  Aug.  4, 1854. 

P.  S.  —  Since  writing  the  above  I  have  observed 
"  The  Launch "  in  an  edition  published  since 
Campbell's  death ;  yet  surely  it  must  be  little 
known,  else  our  daily  papers  would  have  quoted 
it,  when  they  gave  such  copious  illustrations  of 
the  sublime,  heart-stirring  launch  of  the  Royal 
Albert.  Printed  as  a  broadside,  it  would  have 
been  most  welcome,  if  dispersed  among  the  visitors 
to  Woolwich  on  that  magnificent  day ! 


HAMPSHIRE    PROVINCIAL    WORDS. 

In  a  former  volume  (Vol.  v.,  p.  173.)  one  of 
your  correspondents  happily  suggested  that  a  col- 
lection of  provincial  words  and  expressions  should 
be  made  in'"N.  &  Q."  As  education  is  now  on 
the  advance  in  our  country  villages,  the  provincial 
dialect  and  "  simple  annals"  of  the  poor  are  fast 
disappearing.  It  is  therefore  of  some  importance 
to  gather  and  preserve  the  homely  language  and 
phraseology  of  the  people. 

Perhaps   the  following  list  of  words,  which   I 


have  collected  from  time  to  time,  may  prove  ac- 
ceptable to  some  of  your  readers. 

Civil,  good-natured ;  used  much  of  animals,  as 
"  a  civil  dog." 

Front,  frit,  frightened. 

Pure,  well,  in  good  health. 

Safe,  sure,  as  "  safe  to  die." 

Nens  as  he  was,  "  much  the  same  as  he  was." 

Pretty  nens  one,  "  pretty  much  the  same." 

Thumb,  a  name  given  to  the  "  mousahunt,"  or 
smallest  of  the  weasel  tribe. 

Pooks,  haycocks. 

Tender,  used  of  a  sharp  east  wind,  as  "  the  wind 
is  very  tender." 

Fit  time,  long  time. 

Fit  deal  of  trouble,  much  trouble. 

Nunch,  lunch :  I  have  never  heard  this  meal 
called  by  another  name. 

Lodging.  This  quaint  but  expressive  word  was 
made  use  of  by  a  labouring  man,  in  reply  to  an 
inquiry  after  the  health  of  his  child :  "  Oh,  Sir, 
he  is  pretty  much  lodging,  neither  better  nor 
worse." 

Contraption,  construction. 

Spiritual,  angry ; -as,  "  I  got  quite  spiritual  with 
him." 

Stump,  a  stoat. 

Bavins,  bundles  of  underwood. 

Should  these  examples  of  the  Hampshire  dialect 
prove  worthy  of  a  place  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  shall  be 
induced  from  time  to  time  to  send  any  fresh  ex- 
pressions or  words  which  may  come  under  my 
notice.  F.  M.  MIDDLETOW. 

Medstead,  Hants. 


THE    INQUISITION. 

The  Inquisition  in  all  its  proceedings,  except 
those  by  which  it  celebrated  its  triumphs  in  the 
public  autos,  has  ever  shrouded  itself  in  mysterious 
secrecy.  In  the  want  of  correct  intelligence  re- 
lating to  it,  many  groundless  and  .improbable 
stories  have  found  a  ready  reception  with  unin- 
formed persons,  if  only  related  with  a  show  of 
authority,  how  unsubstantial  soever  the  truth  of 
them  may  prove  to  be.  That  some  respectable 
writers  have  lent  their  pens  to  the  circulation  of 
such  mistakes,  and  in  some  degree  mischievous 
accounts,  shows  a  want  of  care  to  verify  the  facts 
they  narrate  to  their  readers,  or  reflects  more 
seriously  upon  their  zeal,  too  eager  in  its  conflict 
with  error  to  pause  a  moment  to  consider,  whe- 
ther their  erroneous  statements  may  not  injure 
the  truth  it  is  generally  intended  to  support.  Not 
a  little  currency  has  thus  been  given  to  a  story 
about  the  destruction  of  the  palace  of  the  Inqui- 
sition of  Madrid,  which,  as  it  will  appear,  must  be 
classed  with  childish  legend  or  German  romance. 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


121 


It  is  in  substance  as  follows  :  —  That  when 
Napoleon  Buonaparte  penetrated  into  Spain  in 
1809,  he  ordered  the  buildings  of  the  Inquisition 
to  be  destroyed ;  that  Col.  Lemanousky,  of  the 
Polish  lancers,  being  at  Madrid,  reminded  Mar- 
shal Soult  of  this  order,  and  obtained  from  him 
the  117th  regiment,  commanded  by  Col.  De  Lisle, 
for  its  execution ;  that  the  building,  situated  a 
short  distance  from  Madrid,  was  in  point  of 
strength  a  fortress  of  itself,  garrisoned  by  soldiers 
of  the  Holy  Office,  who  being  quickly  over- 
powered, and  the  place  taken,  the  Inquisitor- 
General,  with  a  number  of  priests  in  their  official 
robes,  were  made  prisoners.  That  they  found  the 
apartments  splendidly  furnished  with  altars,  cru- 
cifixes, and  candles  in  [abundance  ;  but  could  find 
no  places  of  torture,  dungeons,  or  prisoners,  until 
Col.  De  Lisle  thought  of  testing  the  floor  by  float- 
ing it  with  water,  when  a  seam  was  thus  dis- 
covered through  which  it  escaped  below  ;  and  the 
marble  slab  being  struck  by  the  butt  end  of  a 
musket,  a  spring  raised  it  up,  and  revealed  'a 
staircase  leading  down  to  the  Hall  of  Judgment 
below.  That  there  they  found  cells  for  prisoners, 
some  empty,  some  tenanted  by  living  victims, 
some  by  corpses  in  a  state  of  decay,  and  some  with 
life  but  lately  departed  from  them ;  that  the  living 
prisoners  being  naked,  were  partially  clothed  by 
the  French  soldiers  and  liberated,  amounting  to 
"one  hundred  in  number.  That  they  found  there 
all  kinds  of  instruments  of  torture,  which  so  ex- 
asperated the  French,  that  they  could  not  be 
restrained  from  exercising  them  upon  the  captive 
inquisitors ;  Col.  De  Lisle  standing  by  whilst  four 
different  kinds  were  applied,  and  then  leaving  the 
apartment  in  disgust ;  and  finally,  that  when  the 
inmates  had  been  removed,  Col.  De  Lisle  went  to 
Madrid,  obtained  gunpowder,  placed  it  in  the 
vaults  of  the  building,  and  lighting  a  slow  match, 
made  a  joyful  sight  to  thousands  of  spectators. 
"  The  walls  and  massive  turrets  of  that  dark  edi- 
fice were  lifted  towards  the  heavens,  and  the 
Inquisition  of  Madrid  was  no  more." 

Now  this  attractive  and  romantic  narrative  of 
vindicated  liberty,  justice,  and  charity,  must 
take  its  place  among  other  unsubstantial  and 
amusing  fictions.  The  story,  as  far  as  I  have 
been  able  to  trace  it,  originates  in  a  relation 
said  to  have  been  made  by  Col.  Lemanousky 
whilst  in  the  United  States  of  America,  to  a 
Mr.  Killog  of  Illinois,  who  published  it  in  the 
Western  Luminary.  A  refugee  Pole,  and  a  back- 
states  newspaper ! 

.  It  is  copied  with  more  or  less  detail  into  various 
publications,  which  in  this  manner  add  a  sanction 
of  their  own  to  its  pretended  authenticity.  Not 
to  mention  various  recent  periodicals  and  news- 
papers, it  appears  in  The  Mystery  Unveiled,  or 
Popery  as  its  Dogmas  and  Pretensions  appear  in 
the  Light  of  Reason,  the  Bible,  and  History,  by  the 


Rev.  James  Bell,  Edinburgh,  1834,  at  p.  424., 
quoting  from  the  Christian  Treasury,  a  Scotch 
periodical :  — Ferreal  (M.  de  V.),  Mysteres  de  V In- 
quisition et  autres  Societes  secretes  d'Espagne,  avec 
notes  historiques,  et  une  introduction  de  M.  Manuel 
de  Cuendias,  Paris,  1845,  8vo.,  at  pp.  79 — 84. :  — 
The  Inquisition,  Sfc.,  Dublin,  1850,  at  pp.  209-14. : 
after  giving  the  story  at  length,  with  some  colour- 
ing, the  writer  adds,  that  "  the  Holy  Catholic 
Church  in  this,  as  in  other  things,  was  grossly 
misrepresented : "  a  remark  perhaps  ingeniously 
introduced  to  cast  a  doubt  upon  all  the  circum- 
stances in  the  volume,  true  as  well  as  untrue ;  thus 
to  render  error  and  truth  undistinguishable  : — The 
Curse  of  Christendom,  or  the  Spirit  of  Poetry 
Exhibited  and  Exposed,  by  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Pike, 
1852,  8vo.,  at  pp.  261—264. 

It  is  strange  that  such  respectable  writers  never 
thought  of  consulting  the  current  histories  of  the 
Peninsular  war,  or  the  leading  newspapers  of  the 
time  —  The  Courier  and  Morning  Chronicle  — 
which  could  scarcely  have  passed  so  public  an 
event  'by  without  recording  it ;  and  that  they  did 
not  mistrust  the  tale  from  the  silence  of  Llorente 
and  Puigblanch,  who  would  certainly  have  men- 
tioned it ;  for  neither  the  ex-secretary  of  the  tri- 
bunal, nor  Sn.  Puigblanch,  who  first  published 
his  Inquisicion  sin  Mascara  at  Cadiz  in  1811,  and 
occupied  the  Hebrew  Professor's  chair  in  the 
central  university  of  Madrid  in  1820-1,  could 
have  remained  ignorant  of  such  a  consummating 
circumstance.  Neglecting  the  pains  to  verify  the 
fact,  they  have  left  it  in  their  pages ;  a  striking 
instance  for  an  intelligent  opponent  to  point  at,  of 
simple  credulity  and  the  unsubstantial  worth  of 
their  books. 

In  1808,  Napoleon  decreed  the  suppression  of 
the  Tribunals  of  the  Inquisition,  at  Chaniartin,  a 
village  one  league  from  Madrid,  at  a  house  of  the 
Duke  del  Infantado's,  where  he  lodged.  They 
were  again  established  by  a  decree  of  Ferdi- 
nand VII.  on  July  21,  1814;  and  again  sup- 
pressed by  the  constitutional  government  of  1820. 
There  were  two  houses  of  the  Inquisition  at 
Madrid,  and  they  still  exist.  Marshal  Soult  did 
not  command  at  Madrid,  nor  is  it  true  that  he 
ordered  their  demolition.  The  front  and  appear- 
ance of  one  of  them  has  been  altered  only  four  or 
five  years  ago,  but  it  was  not  pulled  down.  Who- 
ever will  take  the  trouble  to  look  at  the  plan  of 
Madrid,  published  for  sixpence  by  the  Society  ot 
Useful  Knowledge,  may  see  near  the  north-west 
corner,  not  far  from  the«  new  Royal  Palace,  a 
shaded  spot,  stretching  from  the  Calle  ancha  de 
San  Bernardo  to  the  Calle  de  la  Inquisition,  which 
opens  into  the  Plazuela  de  San  Domingo.  That 
spot  marks  the  principal  building  of  the  Inquisi- 
tion at  Madrid;  there  was  none  beyond  the  town. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  edifices,  erected 
upon  a  granite  basement ;  and,  judging  from  some 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


gratings  seen  from  the  street,  having  underground 
apartments  rarely  found  in  that  capital. 

B.  B.  WlFFEN. 

(  To  be  concluded  in  our  next.) 


"  SILENCE       OF   THE    SUN   OB   THE   LIGHT. 

Dante  uses  this  expression  twice  : 

"  Mi  ripingeva  la  dove  '1  sol  tace."  —  Inf.  i.  60. 
And 

"  I'  venni  in  luogo  d*  ogni  luce  muto."  —  Inf.  v.  28. 
Pollock  translates  the  first,  — 

"  She  drove  me  back  to  where  the  sun  was  mute." 
So  Carlyle  : 

"  To  where  the  sun  is  silent." 
And  Gary  : 

"  Drove  me  to  where  the  sun  in  silence  rests.'* 
And  Tarver  : 

"  Ou  les  rayons  du  soleil  ne  penetrent  point." 
The  second  is  rendered  by  Gary,  — 

"  Into  a  place  I  came 
Where  light  was  silent  all." 

And  by  Carlyle,  — 

"  I  am  come  into  a  place  void  of  all  light  ;  ** 
with  which  Tarver  coincides. 

The  obsolete  poetical  phrase,  "il  sol  tace,"  means, 
it  is  said,  in  modern  Italian,  non  risplende  ;  and  luce 
muto  must  have  the  same  signification. 

The  silence  of  the  sun  leads  us  to  consider  the 
marginal  reading  of  our  Bibles  on  Jos.  x.  12., 
where,  instead  of  "  Sun,  stand  thou  still,"  the  He- 
brew may  be  read,  "  Sun,  be  silent."  Both  roots, 
D1T  and  DO"7,  give  the  secondary  sense  of  "silence," 
the  primary  of  the  former  being  to  stand,  of  the 
latter,  to  cut  off":  so  also  the  former  means  to  stop 
in  speaking,  and  the  latter,  to  cut  off  your  speech; 

' 


airoK€KOfj.fJ.fVoi  and  (jxavfj^  airoKO'n-fj. 

In  reference  to  the  sun,  the  word  in  Joshua  is 
explained  by  D"T,  or  +\  J  (dorri),  meaning  mid-day, 

when  the  motion  of  the  sun  appears  suspended, 
and  when,  in  hot  countries,  man,  bird,  and  beast 
retire  from  the  oppressive  heat,  and 

"  When  scarce  a  chirping  grasshopper  is  heard 
Through  the  dumb  mead."  —  Thomson. 

The  whole  passage  in  Joshua  x.  12-14.*  being 

*  12.  Then  Joshua  addressed  Jehovah  in  the  presence 
of  the  children  of  Israel,  upon  the  occasion  of  Jehovah  de- 
livering up  the  Amorites,  saying,  — 

"  Let  Israel  see  the  sun  in  Gibeon  stand  ; 
The  moon  within  the  vale  of  Ajalon. 

13.  Suspend  thy  course,  0  sun,  and  stay,  O  moon, 
J"or  vengeance  of  a  nation  'gainst  her  foes." 


taken  as  poetical,  historical,  and  commentatory, 
will  dispense  with  the  supposition  of  a  miracle*, 
which  many  critics  attempt  to  extract  by  a  mis- 
apprehension of  poetical  phraseology.  The  in- 
terpretation usually  given  is,  that  the  day  was 
lengthened  by  a  miracle  ;  and  one  mode  has  been 
conjectured  by  Whiston,  in  a  note  on  Josephus 
{Ant.  v.  i.  17.),  as  a  stoppage  of  the  diurnal  mo- 
tion of  the  earth  for  about  half  a  revolution, 
which  appears  to  be  the  notion  generally  enter- 
tained. It  is  only  necessary  to  call  attention  to 
the  fiict  that  the  lengthening  of  days  is  of  common 
occurrence,  and  is  not  made  as  Whiston  suggests, 
but  by  varying  the  angle  of  the  equator  with  the 
ecliptic,  which  might  have  been  effected  in  Joshua's 
time  by  the  attraction  of  a  comet  deflecting  the 
earth  from  its  regular  motion,  D^pfi  DV3  (Jos.  x. 
13.),  translated  "  about  a  whole  day,"  but  mean- 
ing "as  on  a  regular  (usual  or  ordinary)  day." 
Taking,  however,  the  non-miraculous  view  of  the 
question,  it  will  not  appear  strange  that  the  Is- 
raelites should  think  the  day  unusually  long,  when 
we  consider  that  they  had  been  in  forced  march 
all  the  previous  night  up-hill  (Jos.  x.  9.)  ;  had 
been  fighting  all  dayr  and  ascending  the  mountain 
in  pursuit  of  the  retreating  foe  in  the  evening ; 
which  ascent  would  protract  the  day,  and  give  a 
stationary  appearance  to  the  moon  and  the  sun.f 

T.  J.  BUCKTOW. 
Lichfield. 


"  A  per  se  A" — In  one  of  the  martyr  Bradford's 
letters,  addressed  to  the  Lord  Russell  (Stevens's 
Memoirs  of  Bradford,  No.  20.,  Lond.  1832,  p.  64.), 
I  find  the  following  sentence  : 

"  In  the  one,  that  is  for  lands  and  possessions,  you  have 
companions  many ;  but  in  the  other,  my  good  lord,  you 
are  A  per  se  A  with  us,  to  our  comfort  and  joy  unspeak- 
able," &c. 

Has  any  other  writer  used  this  expression,  "  A  per 
se  A,"  in  a  similar  manner,  to  denote  the  standing 
alone  amid  the  circumstances  of  any  position  ? 

J.  SANSOM. 


It  is  thus  written  upon  the  corrected  roll,  that  the  sun 
stood  in  mid-heaven,  and  retarded  his  usual  course. 

14.  Neither  before  nor  since  has  Jehovah  listened,  as  on 
this  day,  to  human  voice ;  for  Jehovah  fought  for  Israel. 

This  is  evidently  supplementary  and  illustrative  of  the 
narrative,  Jos.  x.'l — 11.  Compare  the  poetical  phrase  of 
Deborah,  "They  fought  from  heaven:  the  stars  in  their 
paths  fought  against  Sisera,"  Jud.  v.  20.,  with  the  narra- 
tive of  the  preceding  chapter. 

*  Compare  Hab.  iii.  11.  Ecclesiasticus,  xlvi.  4.,  takes 
the  sense  literally,  and  as  making  "  one  day  as  long  as 
two." 

t  Sadler  the  elder,  by  ascending  in  his  balloon  just 
after  sunset,  witnessed  the  sun  rising  out  of  the  west,  and 
setting  a  second  time  that  evening  before  he  descended. 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Satire  on  Mr.  Fox.  —  Manyr  years  ago  I  heard 
the  following  lines  repeated  :  as  the  satire  which 
they  contain  is  harmless,  I  send  them  to  "  N.  & 
Q."  —  the  Query  being,  are  they  worth  preserving 
in  print  ? 

"  At  Brooks's  of  pigeons  they  say  there  are  flocks, 
But  the  greatest  of  all  is  one  Mr.  Fox. 
If  he  takes  up  a  card,  or  rattles  a  box, 
Away  fly  the  guineas  of  this  Mr.  Fox. 

0  ye  gamblers,  your  hearts  must  be  harder  than  rocks, 
Thus  to  win  all  the  money  of  this  Mr.  Fox. 

He  sits  .up  whole  nights,  neither  watches  nor  clocks 

Ever  govern  the  movements  of  this  Mr.  Fox. 

Such  irregular  conduct  undoubtedly  shocks 

All  the  friends  and  acquaintance  of  this  Mr.  Fox. 

And  they  very  much  wish  they  could  put  on  the  stocks, 

And  make  an  example  of  this  Mr.  Fox. 

Against  tradesmen  his  door  he  prudently  blocks, 

An  aversion  to  duns  has  this  Mr.  Fox. 

He's  a  great  connoisseur  in  coats  and  in  frocks, 

But  the  tailors  are  losers  by  this  Mr.  Fox. 

He  often  goes  hunting,  though  fat  as  an  ox  : 

1  pity  the  horses  of  this  Mr.  Fox. 

They  certainly  all  must  be  lame  in  the  hocks, 
Such  a  heavy-tail'd  fellow  is  this  Mr.  Fox." 

CHARLES  JAMES  VULPES. 

Storey's  Gate.  — 

Tis  well  the  Gate  is  down  ! 
Who  was  this  Storey,  that  his  long-lost  name 
Should  be  inscribed  upon  the  roll  of  fame 
And  after  ages  of  oblivion  claim 

A  posthumous  renown  ? 
Came  he  of  gentle  blood,  or  humble  birth  ? 

Plebeian  was  he,  or  patrician  ? 
Was  he  in  trade  ?  or  did  he  till  the  earth  ? 

Was  he  a  parson,  or  physician  ? 
Perhaps  he  fill'd  some  office  in  the  State  ! 

But  was  he  ever  known  as  Whig  or  Tory  ? 
All  seems  a  blank.     Tho'  Storey  had  a  gate, 

'Tis  plain  his  gate  will  never  have  a  story. 

CECIL  HARBOTTLE. 

[Our  good  friend  CECIL  HARBOTTLE  has  sacrificed  his 
historical  knowledge  to  the  point  of  his  epigram  ;  for  we 
are  sure  he  knows  as  well  as  anybody  that  Edward 
Storey,  who  gave  his  name  to  the  gate,  was  keeper  of 
the  volary  to  Charles  II.,  which  volary  or  aviary  was  so 
large  that  the  birds  could  fly  about  in  it.] 

Ancient  Bell.  —  There  is  a  note  to  Throsby's 
edition  of  Thoroton's  Nottinghamshire  (vol.  ii. 
p.  88.)  which  may  possibly  interest  MR.  ELLA- 
COMBE  and  other  lovers  of  Campanology  : 

"  In  the  year  1795,  a  gentleman  of  considerable  fortune 
came  to  Leicester  purposely  to  see  an  old  bell  brought  to 
Mr.  Arnold,  bell  -founder,  to  be  recast.  On  it  was  the 
head  of  Henry  III.,  King  of  England  in  the  time  of  Pope 
Benedict.  Round  the  crown  this  : 


Confessor  CrtsUt  33cnetiute  ora  pro 
uofctS  £9cum.' 

The  history  of  this  bell  is  this  :  —  When  Broughton 
Church,  in  Northamptonshire,  was  knocked  down  by 
Cromwell,  the  bell  was  taken  to  the  church  of  Moulton, 
near  Northampton  ;  thence  brought  to  Leicester  in  1795, 


to  be  recast  with  the  rest  of  the  church  bells.  Its  weight 
27  cwt.  Mr.  Smith,  the  gentleman  noticed  above  as  a 
curioso  in  ancient  bells,  says  that  there  is  only  one  more  of 
the  age  that  he  knows  of  in  England." 

THOMAS  R.  POTTER. 

Earliest  Mention  of  Porter.  —  You  were  kind 
enough,  in  your  eighth  volume,  to  give  me  some 
information  as  to  the  first  introduction  of  this 
beverage.  I  have  since  found  the  passage  to  which 
I  referred,  in  Nicholas  Ambers t's  Terrce  Filius 
for  May  22,  1721,  somewhat  earlier  than  the  date 
you  have  mentioned ;  "  We  had  rather  dine  at  a 
cook's  shop  upon  beef,  cabbage,  and  porter,  than 
tug  at  an  oar,  or  rot  in  a  dark,  stinking  dungeon." 
This  is  probably  the  very  earliest  mention  in  print 
of  porter.  HENRY  T.  RILET. 

Bosses  in  Morwenstow  Church. —  Sigel  of  Solo- 
mon. —  The  pentacle  ;  symbol  of  Omnipotence ; 
the  hand  of  God.  Its  five  points  signify  the 
fingers  of  God.  It  is  said  to  have  been  graven 
on  a  precious  stone,  and  worn  in  a  ring  by  Solo- 
mon with  the  tetragrammaton  inscribed  in  the 
midst.  Thereby  He  ruled  the  angels  and  they 
served  Him. 

"  Hence  all  his  might,  for  who  could  these  oppose  ? 
And  Tadmor  thus  and  Syrian  Baalbec  rose !  " 

The  Shield  of  David.  —  A  six- angled  figure ; 
another  point  added  to  the  pentacle  to  represent 
the  human  nature  of  "  David's  son."  The  man- 
hood taken  into  God. 

The  double-headed  Eagle.  —  As  the  dove  in  the 
New  Testament,  so  the  eagle  in  the  Old  was  the 
type  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  After  the  time  of  Elijah, 
and  the  promise  of  a  double  portion  of  His  spirit 
to  his  successor  Elisha,  the  eagle  with  two  heads 
denoted  this  increased  access  of  the  Third  Person 
of  the  Trinity  to  man's  kind.  Like  many  other 
church  emblems,  this  crest  was  subsequently 
adopted  in  the  shield  of  mere  earthly  kings. 

Four  Faces.  —  In  the  likeness  of  man,  three ; 
one  feminine.  The  Trinity  and  the  Blended 
Mother  of  Messias  were  thus  pourtrayed. 

R.  S.  H. 


EPISCOPAL   SALUTATION. 

So  far  as  I  remember  to  have  observed  the 
current  style  of  episcopal  documents  in  England, 
it  differs  from  the  ancient  form,  in  which  the 
bishops  were  not  used  to  withhold  from  their 
"faithful  children  in  Christ"  their  benediction: 
for  example,  in  the  marriage  licence  of  the  poet 
Gower  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  487.),  we  find, "  dilecto  in  Christo 
filio,  domino  Willelmo,  etc.,  salutem,  gratiam,  et 
benedictionem."  And,  in  the  Compleat  Clerk,  or 
Conveyancers'  Light  of  1671,  the  ecclesiastical 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


precedents  still  retain  "  salutem  et  gratiarn  ; " 
whereas  now  it  seems,  that  "grace"  and  "bene- 
diction "  are  both  gone ;  and,  if  I  mistake  not,  even 
the  poor  little  children  just  ready  for  confirm- 
ation are  invited  in  a  letter  from  their  spiritual 
father,  beginning :  "  John,  by  divine  permission, 
&c.,  sends  greeting." 

When  did  this  curt  style  come  into  use,  and  is 
it  now  universal  ?  or  is  there  any  occasion  on 
which  our  bishops  give  "  grace  and  benediction," 
either  in  Latin  or  in  the  vernacular  ?  Of  course 
there  is  a  place  for  everything.  In  our  new  forms 
for  cheap  law,  and  plenty  .of  it,  a  man  may  find 
himself  in  chancery  on  reading  : 

"  Victoria  R. 
.   "  To  the  within-named  defendant  C.  D.  greeting,"  &c. 

And,  compared  with  the  fatal  context,  this  salu- 
tation may  appear  gracious  enough  ;  but  it  does 
seem  to  me  (cum  omnimoda  reverentia  tantis 
patribus  debita)  that  the  pastorals,  with  which 
the  faithful  flock  are  honoured  from  their  holy 
fathers,  might  be  adorned  with  the  restoration  of 
the  accustomed  benediction  without  losing  any 
of  the  excellences  now  pertaining  to  those  inter- 
esting and  rare  documents.  H.  P. 
Lincoln's  Inn. 


THE    SCHOOLBOY    FORMULA. 

I  know  not  if  your  interest,  or  that  of  your 
renders,  extends  to  the  history  and  origin  of  a 
schoolboy  game,  or  other  whimsical  formulae  em- 
ployed by  him  on  certain  occasions  in  the  prelimi- 
nary arrangement  of  choosing  either  "  sides,"or  the 
individual  performer  in  cases  where  the  main 
burden  falls  on  one.  I  remember  distinctly,  but  a 
few  years  ago,  having  repeatedly  formed  one  of  the 
ring  around  the  spokesman  or  officer  on  such  occa- 
sions, whose  business  it  was,  guided  by  this  formula, 
to  challenge  alternately  the  individuals  of  the  party 
who  were  ultimately  to  form  the  opposing  forces  in 
the  game,  or  to  challenge  all  in  succession  until,  by 
this  process  of  elimination,  the  one  was  left,  upon 
whose  activity  or  prowess  the  game  should  depend. 

Nursery  rhymes,  originating  centuries  ago,  have 
before  now  occupied  the  attention  of  the  learned 
—  and  hidden  sarcasm  levelled  at  church  and  state 
have  been  discovered,  by  those  who  are  profound 
enough,  wrapped  up  in  their  simplicity.  What  mys- 
tery may  there  not  be  involved  in  the  odd  succes- 
sion of  syllables  employed  from  time  immemorial  in 
our  plavgrounds  ?  What  a  field  for  the  exercise  of 
ingenuity  and  learning  may  it  not  afford  to  those 
who  justly  see,  in  every  olden  custom,  some  light 
thrown  upon  the  life  and  manners  of  our  ancestors  ? 

The  following  is  the  formula  : — Pointing,  in  suc- 
cession, to  one  after  another  in  the  circle,  passing, 
in  the  order  of  the  watch-hand  or  the  journey  of 
the  sun,  one  for  every  word  or  syllable  pronounced, 


the  speaker,  facing  with  all  of  us  the  centre  of 
the  circle  in  which  we  stood,  commenced  with  hia 
neighbour  on  his  left,  and  counting  himself  in  as 
he  proceeded  round  and  round,  weeded  us  one  by 
one  in  the  manner  I  have  described,  by  the  run  of 
the  following  incantation : 

"  One-er-y,  two-er-y,  tick-er-y,  seven, 
Ak-a-by,  crack-a-by,  ten,  and  eleven. 
Pin,  pan, 
Musk-y  Dan, 

Twiddle-urn,  twaddle-urn,  twenty-one. 
Black,  fish,  white,  trout, 
Ee-ny,  o-ny, 
You,  go,  OUT." 

I  assure  you  that  I  am  giving  a  faithful  state- 
ment of  the  formula  as  used  in  my  days,  and  as  I 
doubt  not  many  of  your  younger  readers  will  certify 
that  it  is  still  in  existence.  Now  if  any  of  those 
interested  in  the  history  of  our  juvenile  games  can 
throw  any  light  upon  the  origin  of  this  odd  collection 
of  syllables,  I,  and  all  the  others  of  that  numerous 
body,  will  feel  much  obliged  to  him.  X. 

[We  suspect  there  are  numerous  versions  of  these 
"  counting-out  rhymes  "  to  be  found  in  our  nursery  tra- 
ditional literature.  Mr.  Halliwell,  in  his  Popular  Rhymes 
and  Nursery  Tales,  p.  1§4.,  edit.  1849,  has  furnished  the 
following  : 

"  One-ery,  two-ery, 

Tick-ery,  tee-vy ; 
Hollow-bone,  crack-a-bone, 

Pen  and  eevy. 
Ink,  pink, 

Pen  and  ink  ; 
A  study,  a  stive, 

A  stove,  and  a  sink ! " 

"  One-ery,  two-ery, 

Tickery,  teven ; 
Alabo,  crackabo, 

Ten  and  eleven : 
Spin,  spon, 

Must  be  gone ; 
Alabo,  crackabo, 

Twenty-one. 
0— U— f  spells  out ! " 

Something  similar  to  this,  adds  Mr.  Halliwell,  is  found 
in  Swedish,  Arwidsson,  iii.  492. : 

"  Apala,  mesala, 
Mesinka,  meso, 
Sebedei,  sebedo ! 
Extra,  lara, 
Kajsa,  Sara! 
Heck,  veck, 
Vallingsaek, 

Gack  du  din  lange  man  veck, 
Ut!" 

"  Igdum,  digdum,  didum,  dest, 
Cot-lo,  we-lo,  wi-lo,  west ; 
Cot-pan,  must  be  done, 
Twiddledum,  twaddledum,  twenty-one ! 

Hytum,  skytum, 

Perridi  styxum, 

Perriwerri  wyxum, 

Abonum  D."] 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


CAPTAIN    THOMAS    DRUMMOND. 

Who  was  Captain  Thomas  Drummond,  the 
commander  of  the  Scots  Darien  ship,  the  Speedy 
Return,  for  whose  alleged  murder  Captain  Green, 
of  the  English  ship  Worcester,  suffered  at  Edin- 
burgh in  1705  ? 

Among  the  bitter  things  which  this  unhappy 
affair  produced  in  London,  was  a  broadside  en- 
titled An  Elegy  on  the  much  lamented  Death  of 
Capt.  T.  G.,  who  was  executed,  with  others  of  his 
Crew,  under  the  pretence  of  being  a  Pirate,  &fc. 
In  this  there  is  the  following  allusion  to  the  sub- 
ject of  my  Query,  where  the  writer  speaks  of 
Green's  escape  from  the  ordinary  perils  of  a 
voyage  only,  on  the  "  inhospitable  shore  "  of  Scot- 
land, to 

"find  what  Madagascar  would  forbear, 

E'en  tho'  detested  Drummond  harbours  there ; 
Drummond,  whose  hands  with  Glencoe's  blood  embrued, 
Show  murders  by  just  judgments  unpursued, 
Drummond !  the  widows'  tears,  and  orphans'  cries, 
A  guilty  name  for  which  the  guiltless  dies." 

I  am  aware  proof  exists  that,  whatever  may  have 
been  the  crimes  of  Green,  there  is  very  good 
reason  to  suppose  that  the  murder  of  Drummond 
was  not  one  of  them ;  but  the  connexion  of  the 
latter  with  the  massacre  of  Glencoe,  if  true,  is  not 
so  well  known  a  fact.  In  Gallienus  Redivivus,  or 
Murther  will  out,  being  a  true  Account  of  that  Affair 
(of  Glencoe),  in  a  Letter  from  a  Gent,  in  Scotland 
to  his  Friend  in  England,  Edinburgh,  1695,  that 
name  certainly  does  figure  as  one  of  the  most  bar- 
barous of  the  actors  in  this  atrocity  : 

"  One  of  the  proscribed  Macdonalds,  a  child,"  says  the 
writer,  "suing  for  mercy,  would  have  found  it  from 
Captain  Campbell ;  but  I  am  informed  one  Drummond,  an 
officer,  barbarously  run  his  dagger  through  him,  whereof 
he  died  immediately." 

Is  it  possible  that  this  miscreant  was  the  man  who 
subsequently  figured  so  prominently  as  a  com- 
mander in  the  service  of  the  Scots  Company,  and 
one  of  their  council  at  New  Caledonia  ?  In  both 
Mr.  Burton's  Darien  Papers,  and  in  the  Journal 
of  Drury,  Drummond  is  presented  to  us  more,  I 
think,  in  the  light  of  a  military  than  a  naval  man  ; 
and  it'  the  Glencoe  murderer,  the  Darien  coun- 
cillor, and  the  Madagascar  captive,  are  identical, 
the  poet  was  premature  in  excepting  him  from 
God's  judgment,  for  we  are  told  by  Drury  that 
"  he  was  killed  at  Tillea,  in  Madagascar,  by  a  Ja- 
maica negro."  J.  O. 


Dr.  John  Hind's  Collections.  —  Can  any  one  in- 
form me  what  became  of  the  collection  of  Baby- 
lonian Antiquities,  which  formerly  belonged  to 
Dr.  John  Hine,  of  Baghdad  ?  It  seems  to  have 
been  of  considerable  value.  E.  H.  D.  D. 


Quotations  of  Plato  and  Aristotle.  — 

"Albumazar  says  that  the  man  who  knows  how  to 
count  can  be  ignorant  of  nothing;  and  Plato,  with  Ari- 
stotle, says  that  man  is  the  wisest  of  animals,  because  he 
has  the  science  of  numbers."  —  Nouet's  Life  of  Christ  in 
Glory,  translation  by  Dr.  Pusey,  p.  439. 

No  reference  is  given  to  the  works  of  Plato  or  of 
Aristotle.  Can  you  *or  your  readers  supply  the 
deficiency  ?  H.  P. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

Who  struck  George  IV.  ?— Which  of  George  IV.'s 
companions  struck  him  when  prince  regent,  for 
making  use  of  an  insulting  expression  after  dinner  ? 
I  have  heard  that  the  prince  was  with  difficulty 
dissuaded  from  taking  legal  proceedings  against 
his  assailant  as  for  high  treason.  NEMO. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

The  American  Bittern.  —  Refreshing  myself  the 
other  day  by  turning  over  some  old  numbers  of 
that  delightful  work,  the  Magazine  of  Natural 
History,  I  stumbled  on  the  following  statement  as 
to  an  alleged  luminosity  of  the  American  bittern  : 

"  It  is  called  by  Wilson  the  Great  American  Bittern  ; 
but,  what  is  very  extraordinary,  he  omits  to  mention  that 
it  has  the  power  of  emitting  a  light  from  its  breast,  equal 
to  the  light  of  a  common  torch,  which  illuminates  the 
water  so  as  to  enable  it  to  discover  its  prey.  As  this  cir- 
cumstance is  not  mentioned  by  any  of  the  naturalists  that 
I  have  ever  read,  I  took  some  trouble  to  ascertain  the 
truth,  which  has  been  confirmed  to  me  by  several  gentle- 
men of  undoubted  veracity,  and  especially  by  Mr.  Frank- 
lin Peale,  the  proprietor  of  the  Philadelphia  Museum."  — 
Vol.  ii.  p.  64. 

Is  this  a  Jonathan,  or  something  better  ?  If 
not  a  zoological  fact,  there  may,  perhaps,  be  some 
matters  of  traditional  interest,  perhaps  an  Indian 
superstition,  mixed  up  with  the  statement,  the 
particulars  of  which,  if  obtained  in  reply,  may 
compensate  for  the  space  this  Query  occupies. 

SHIRLEY  HIBBERD. 

Mr.  Jekyll  and  the  "Tears  of  the  Cruets"  — 
Mr.  Jekyll  the  barrister,  who  sat  for  Calne  in 
several  successive  parliaments,  was  justly  distin- 
guished as  one  of  the  most  eminent  wits  of  the 
age.  At  the  time  Mr.  Pitt  was  meditating  a  tax 
upon  salt,  he  produced  a  short  and  much-admired 
poem,  entitled  the  Tears  of  the  Cruets,  in  which 
the  latter,  apprehending  that  their  contents,  oil 
and  vinegar,  may  be  subjected  to  his  remorseless 
taxation,  feelingly  lament  their  situation,  and  very 
pathetically  allude  to  the  probable  ruin  of  the  two 
great  oilmen  and  Italian  warehousemen  of  that 
day,  in  two  lines  which  I  recollect : 

"  Poor  Barto  Valle !  melancholy  Burgess ! 
Victims  of  Pitt,  oflluskisson*,  and  Sturges."t 


*  William  Huskisson,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Morpeth,  Under- 
secretary of  State,  War  Department. 

f  M.P.  for  Hastings  and  a  Lord  of  the  Treasury. 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


The  verses  first  appeared  in  the  Morning  Chro- 
nicle, and  I  am  not  aware  that  they  were  ever 
published  elsewhere.  If  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
can  inform  me  where  I  can  find  them,  I  shall  be 
much  obliged  ;  and  if  in  no  other  publication  than 
the  Morning  Chronicle,  I  beg  to  have  the  date  of 
the  paper  pointed  out.  2.  (1) 

Sir  Hugh  Myddletorfs  Brothers.  —  Can  any  of 

your  numerous  correspondents  furnish  the  names, 

places  of  residence,  &c.  of  all,  or  nearly  all,  the 

many  brothers  of  the  late  Sir  Hugh  Myddleton? 

A  CONSTANT  READER. 

Churches  Erected.  —  Can  you  tell  me  by  what 
means  I  can  ascertain  the  number  of  new  churches 
that  have  been  erected  in  each  county,  distin- 
guishing those  where  the  expense  has  been  de- 
frayed almost  or  entirely  by  individuals  ?  A. 

Salutation  Customs. — In  the  Retrospective  Re- 
view, vol.  ii.  p.  240.,  I  find  the  following  : 

"  The  proud  and  pompous  Constable  of  Castile,  on  his 
visit  to  the  English  Court  soon  after  the  accession  of 
James  I.,  was  right  well  pleased  to  bestow  a  kiss  on  Anne 
of  Denmark's  lovely  maids  of  honour,  '  according  to  the 
•custom  of  the  country,  and  any  neglect  of  which  is  taken 
as  an  affront.'  .  .  .  We  should  like  to  know  when  this 
passing  strange  custom  died  away — a  question  we  will 
beg  to  hand  over  to  our  friend  '  X.  &  Q.' " 

In  Hone's  Year  Book,  col.  1087,  this  custom  is 
also  noticed  by  a  correspondent  as  follows  : 

"  Another  specimen  of  our  ancient  manners  is  seen  in 
the  French  embrace.  The  gentleman,  and  others  of  the 
male  sex,  lay  hands  on  the  shoulders,  and  touch  the  side 
of  each  other's  cheek ;  but  on  being  introduced  to  a  lady, 
they  say  to  her  father,  brother,  or  friend,  Permettez-moi, 
and  salute  each  of  her  cheeks  .  .  .  And  was  not  this 
custom  in  England  in  Elizabeth's  reign  ?  Let  us  read 
one  of  the  epistles  of  the  learned  Erasmus,  which  being 
translated,  is  in  part  as  follows : 

"  '.  .  .  Although,  Faustus,  if  you  knew  the  advantages 
of  Britain,  truly  you  would  hasten  thither  with  wings  to 
your  feet ;  and,  if  your  gout  would  not  permit,  you  would 
wish  you  possessed  the  heart  [sic]  of  Dajdalus.  For,  just 
to  touch  on  one  thing  out  of  many  here,  there  are  lasses 
with  heavenly  faces ;  kind,  obliging,  and  you  would  far 
prefer  them  to  all  your  Muses.  There  is,  besides,  a  prac- 
tice never  to  be  sufficiently  commended.  If  vou  go  to 
any  place,  you  are  received  with  a  kiss  by  all ;  if  you 
depart  on  a  journey,  you  are  dismissed  with  a  kiss;  you 
return,  kisses  are  exchanged.  They  come  to  visit  vou, 
a  kiss  the  first  thing ;  they  leave  you,  you  kiss  them  all 
round.  Do  they  meet  you  anywhere,  kisses  in  abund- 
ance. Lastly,  wherever  you  move,  there  is  nothing  but 
kisses.  And  if  you,  Faustus,  had  but  once  tasted  them ! 
how  soft  they  are — how  fragrant!  on  my  honour  you 
would  wish  not  to  reside  here  for  ten  years  onlv,  but  for 
life.' " 

Perhaps  some  correspondent  will  answer  the 
Query  of  the  editor  of  the  Retrospective  Review  as 
quoted  above.  CID. 

Angier  Family.  —  Is  anything  known  of  the 
descendants  of  the  celebrated  Nonconformist 


minister  John  Angier ;  and  especially  of  his  three 
children?  Elizabeth,  born  at  Denton,  June  24, 
1634,  became  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Oliver  Hey- 
wood  (afterwards  her  father's  biographer),  and 
died  in  1661.  John  was  in  holy  orders,  which 
ig  about  the  only  fact  I  have  been  able  to  glean. 
There  was  also  a  third  child,  of  whom  I  can  learn 
nothing.  J.  B. 

Heraldic. — What  is  the  name  of  the  family, 
also  what  is  the  crest  appertaining  to  the  follow- 
ing arms,  viz.  Argent,  three  pellets  in  bend  voided, 
a  chief  sa.  ?"  In  the  Heralds'  College,  London, 
there  is  an  old  alphabet  of  arms,  in  which  is : 
Argent,  three  pellets  in  bend  voided,  a  chief  sa., 
to  the  name  of  Hoyle,  Yorkshire ;  but  the  heralds 
say  it  is  of  no  authority,  and  that  they  are  as- 
sumed from  the  arms  of  Orrell,  viz.  Argent,  three 
torteauxes  in  bend,  between  two  bendlets  sa.,  a 
chief  of  the  second.  There  are  also  in  the  arms  of 
O'Reilly  of  Ireland,  as  a  second  quartering  :  Ar- 
gent, a  chief  sa.,  between  a  bend  gemelles,  three 
torteauxes  gu.  Perhaps  yourself,  or  some  of  your 
readers,  can  enlighten  me  as  to  whether  they  are 
the  arms  of  Hoyle,  _pr  assumed,  as  the  heralds 
state.  FBEDEKICK.  KENNETH. 

Clonea. 

Scottish  Songs.  —  Are  there  any  old  words  to  the 
airs  of  "  The  Yellow-haired  Laddie,"  "  The  Bush 
aboon  Traquair,"  "  The  Banks  o'  the  Tweed," 
"  Wandering  Willie,"  and  many  more,  equally 
beautiful  ?  And  if  so,  where  are  they  to  be 
found  ?  Of  course  I  don't  mean  words  of  the 
age  or  style  of  Allan  Ramsay.  L.  M.  M.  R. 

Ancient  Punishment  of  the  Jews.  —  I  have  a 
copy  of  Barrington's  Observations  on  the  Statutes, 
in  which  some  former  owner  has  written  several 
useful  notes.  On  the  "  Statutum  de  Judaismo  " 
he  says : 

"  In  death  as  in  life,  special  indignities  have  been 
applied  to  the  Jews.  The  Inquisition  burnt  them  apart 
from  other  victims,  and  in  the  middle  ages  they  were  often 
put  to  death  in  company  with  animals  held  to  be  un- 
clean. Even  so  late  as  the  year  1700,  when  the  notorious 
Brunswick  gang  of  robbers  were  executed  for  sacrilege  at 
Zell,  Jonas  Meier  was  hanged  with  his  head  downwards 
on  a  separate  gallows  with  a  dog  by  his  side ;  though  it 
does  not  appear  that  he  was  in  any  way  different  from  the 
rest,  except  as  being  a  Jew:" —  See  Vortrefflich  Gedacht- 
niss  der  Gottlicher  Regierung. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  where  I  can 
see  the  book,  or  any  other  account  of  the  case  ? 

P.  B.  E. 

Ciudad  Rodrigo.  —  In  the  late  Lord  London- 
derry's Narrative  of  the  Peninsular  War,  he  men- 
tions, in  his  account  of  the  siege  of  the  above 
fortress  by  the  French  under  Massena,  in  1810, 
that  a  general  assault  was  made  by  the  besiegera 
on  the  night  between  June  30  and  July  1,  and  re- 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


127 


pulsed  with  very  heavy  loss  by  the  Spanish  gar- 
rison. Neither  Napier,  Hamilton,  or  other  writers 
whom  I  have  consulted,  and  who  give  very  full 
accounts  of  the  siege,  make  the  least  mention  of 
this  assault,  important  a  feature  as  it  would  have 
been  of  the  operations.  Did  no  such  attack  ever 
take  place  ?  or  is  it  an  exaggerated  account  of  some 
trifling  alarm  ?  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Barony  of  Scales. — Who  was  the  Lord  Scales, 
who  commanded  the  British  auxiliaries,  and  was 
killed  in  the  battle  of  St.  Aubin-du-Cormier,  July 
27,  1488  ?  Washington  Irving,  in  a  note  to  his 
Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  of  Granada,  appears 
to  identify  him  with  the  "Lord  Scales,  Earl  of 
Rivers,  a  near  connexion  of  the  royal  family  of 
England,"  who  played  so  distinguished  a  part  at 
the  siege  of  Loxa,  in  1486;  but  does  not  explain 
why  the  French  historians  designate  him  only  by 
the  inferior  title.  In  fact,  the  legal  connexion 
between  the  barony  of  Scales  and  the  earldom  of 
Rivers  ceased  on  the  death  of  Anthony  Widville 
in  1483,  although  it  is  possible  that  his  brother  and 
successor,  Richard,  whom  I  presume  to  have  been 
the  volunteer  of  Loxa,  still  was  vulgarly  designated 
by  the  title  which  had  been  so  long  associated  with 
the  earldom  of  Rivers,  but  to  which  he  had  not 
the  smallest  right,  either  by  descent  or  marriage. 
However,  as  Earl  Richard  appears  to  have  sur- 
vived till  1491,  we  must  look  somewhere  else  for 
the  leader  of  the  British  auxiliaries  in  the  battle 
that  decided  the  fate  of  Bretagne,  and  the  marriage 
of  its  heiress.  Most  likely  the  French  writers 
were  mistaken  in  the  English  title,  a  case  which 
has  happened  to  them  numberless  times  both  before 
and  since  1488.  All  the  peerages  agree  in  stating 
the  barony  to  have  fallen  into  abeyance  in  1483, 
and  to  have  remained  so  ever  since. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Dimidiation — The  Half  Eagle. — Not  under- 
standing heraldry,  I  do  not  know  whether  the 
practice  of  dimidiation,  referred  to  by  L.  C.  D. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  110.),  is  supposed  to  have  a  meaning. 
Schiller  seems  to  ascribe  one  in  Wallensteiris 
Death,  Act  III.  Sc.  3. : 

"  Wallenstein.  Ye  were  at  one  time  a  free  town.    I  see 
Ye  bear  the  half  eagle  in  your  city  arms. 
Why  the  half  eagle  only? 

Burgomaster.  We  were  free, 

But  for  these  last  two  hundred  years  has  Egra 
Remain'd  in  pledge  to  the  Bohemian  crown ; 
Therefore  we  bear  the  half  eagle,  the  other  half 
Being  cancell'd  till  the  empire  ransom  us, 
If  that  should  ever  be." — Coleridge's  Translation. 


'  Doch  seit  zwei  hundert  Jahren  ist  die  Stadt, 
Der  bohm'schen  Kron'  verpfandet.     Daher  riihrt's 
Dass  wir  nur  noch  den  halben  Adler  fUhren, 
Der  untre  Theil  ist  cancellirt,  bis  etwa 
Das  lieich  uns  wieder  einlost." 

G.  GERVAIS. 


Cook's  Translation  of  a  Greek  MS. — 

"Vincent  Cook  translated  a  Greek  MS.  of  doubtful 
authenticity,  giving  an  account  of  Plato's  residence  in. 
Italy.  It  is  ascribed  to  Cleobulus,  but  the  sentiments  are 
those  of  a  later  age." —  Outlines  of  Ancient  Philosophy,  by 
Philip  E.  Butler,  Philadelphia,  1831,  p.  28. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  the  title  of 
the  above-mentioned  work,  or  tell  me  where  it  is 
to  be  found  ?  J.  TALBOT. 

Old  Ballad. — Forty  years  ago  I  frequently 
heard  a  ballad  sung  by  the  rustics  of  Derbyshire, 
only  two  lines  of  which  I  can  remember.  They 
were : 

"  The  Brownie  Girl  saw  fair  Eleanor's  blood 
Run  trickling  down  to  knee." 

Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  where 
I  can  discover  this  ballad  ?  THOMAS  R.  POTTER. 

Mutilation  of  Tacitus. — Since  I  became  con- 
vinced that  there  was  a  great  preponderance  of 
evidence  in  favour  of  the  opinion  that  our  Lord's 
crucifixion  took  place  in  April,  A.D.  30,  and  that 
his  public  ministry  did  not  last  much  more  than  a 
year,  it  has  often  occurred  to  me  that  the  loss  of 
the  portion  of  the  Annals  of  Tacitus  relating  to 
that  period  was  not  accidental ;  but  that  the  MS. 
was  designedly  mutilated  by  some  enemy,  or  more 
probably  by  some  injudicious  friend  of  Chris- 
tianity, who  wished  to  suppress  the  testimony  of 
Tacitus  as  to  the  events  connected  with  its  origin. 
The  one  manuscript  of  the  early  part  of  the 
Annals  is,  I  believe,  at  Florence ;  and  I  desire  to 
know  if  it  presents  the  appearance  of  being  inten- 
tionally mutilated.  An  exact  description  of  it  in 
reference  to  this  suggestion,  would  be  interesting 
to  many  of  your  readers.  Perhaps  some  corre- 
spondent may  be  able  to  speak  from  recollection 
of  what  he  has  already  seen.  Or  some  Italian 
tourist  may  be  induced  to  examine  the  manu- 
script, so  as  to  enable  him  to  decide  the  question. 

E.  H.  D.  D. 

Rubrical  Query. — The  rubric  to  the  versicles 
that  precede  the  three  collects  at  Morning  and 
Evening  Prayer  says  :  "  Then  the  priest  standing 
up,  shall  say,"  &c.  After  this  rubric,  on  what 
authority  does  the  priest  kneel  down  again  ? 

WILLIAM  FKASER,  B.C.L. 

Army. — I  wish  to  know  when  scarlet  was  first 
adopted  by  our  soldiery ;  when  the  first  scale  of 
pay  was  made,  and  at  what  rate  for  officers,  both 
of  cavalry  and  infantry  regiments.  Could  any  of 
your  correspondents  give  me  information  on  any 
of  these  points  ?  F. 

Oxford. 

The  first  English  Envoy  to  Russia.  —  Sir 
Jeremiah  Bowes  was  ambassador  from  Queen 
Elizabeth  to  the  then  Czar  of  Muscovy  (Ivan  the 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


Terrible,  I  believe).  A  very  remarkable  anec- 
dote of  his  reply  to  that  despot,  on  refusing,  with 
Roman  haughtiness,  to  pay  a  slavish  obeisance  to 
the  barbarian,  for  which  he  was  well  nigh  having 
his  hat  nailed  to  his  head,  was  once  in  existence. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  a  copy  of  his 
heroic  answer,  or  direct  me  where  to  search  for 
it  ?  I  have  collected  many  particulars  of  Sir 
Jeremy's  life  and  family,  but  cannot  find  any 
account  of  the  fact  I  allude  to,  except  that  some 
one  has  made  use  of  it  to  the  glorification  of  his 
hero  in  a  modern  novel.  A.  B. 

"The  Tales  of  the  Fairies"  — 

"  The  Tales  of  the  Fairies,  or  the  Comical  Metamor- 
phosis ;  with  the  wonderful  Operation  of  a  Fountain  in 
the  Gardens  of  PATAGONIA,  in  restoring  lost  Virginity. 
London,  printed  in  the  year  MDCCLXIV.,"  16mo.,  with 
frontispiece,  and  plate  at  p.  140. 

By  whom  is  the  above,  or  to  what  does  it  refer? 
It  seems  political,  and  not  what  its  title  might  in- 
duce people  to  suppose.  M.  L. 

Cork.  —  In  Oxfordshire,  when  a  child  exhibits 
an  overweening  fondness  for  a  parent,  with  a  view 
to  gaining  some  coveted  indulgence,  it  is  usually 
denominated  "cork,"  or,  as  it  is  called  by  the 
country  people,  "cark."  "It  is  nothing  but  cork" 
is  a  common  expression  from  parent  to  child.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  define  its  origin  ?  Zz. 


S&inav 


fot'tfj 


Storm  in  Devon.  —  Bishop  Hall,  in  his  medi- 
tation on  the  Invisible  World,  book  i.  sect.  6.,  on 
"The  Employments  and  Operations  of  Angels" 
(Devotional  Works,  ed.  Josiah  Pratt,  Lond.  1808, 
p.  459.),  has  the  following  passage  : 

"  I  could  instance  irrefragably  in  several  tempests  and 
thunderstorms,  which,  to  the  unspeakable  terror  of  the 
inhabitants,  were  seen,"  heard,  felt,  in  the  western  parts  ; 
wherein  the  translocation  and  transportation  of  huge, 
massy  stones  and  irons  of  the  churches,  above  the  possi- 
bility of  natural  distance,  together  with  the  strange 
preservation  of  the  persons  assembled,  with  other  acci- 
dents sensibly  accompanying  those  astonishing  works  of 
God,  still  fresh  in  the  minds  of  many,  showed  them 
plainly  to  be  wrought  by  a  stronger  hand  than  Nature's." 

In  a  note  at  the  words  "  western  parts,"  the 
writer  instances  "  the  churches  of  Foye,  Totness, 
and  Withycomb,"  adding,  "  of  the  same  kind 
were  the  prodigious  tempests  of  Milan,  an.  1521, 
and  at  Mechlin,  Aug.  7,  an.  1527."  Is  there  any 
published  account  of  the  tempests  at  Foye,  Tot- 
ness,  and  Withycomb,  to  which  the  bishop  here 
alludes  ?  J.  SANSOM. 

[In  the  British  Museum  is  the  following  pamphlet: 
"  To  his  Highness  the  Lord  Protector,  and  to  the  Parlia- 
ment of  England,"  4to.,  no  place  or  date.  This  is  a  letter 
without  signature,  written  apparently  by  a  Quaker,  giving 
a  curious  account  of  Gloucester  Cathedral.  An  engraved 


]  frontispiece  represents  a  church,  with  its  interior  visible, 
struck  by  lightning,  and  the  congregation  scattered.    Be- 
neath it  is  the  following  inscription :  "A  most  prodigious 
j  and  fearefull  Storme  of  Winde,  Lightning,  and  Thunder, 
mightily  defacing  Withicomb  Church  in  Deuon,  burning 
!  and  slayeing  diverse  Men  and  Women,  all  this  in  service- 
:  time  on  the  Lord's  Day,  Oct.  21,  1638."    Mr.  Davidson, 
i  in  his  Bibliotheca  Devoniensis,  says,  "  This  plate  seems  to 
j  have  been  intended  for  one  or  the  other  of  the  two  follow- 
ing tracts ;  but  it  has  not  been  found  affixed  to  any  copy 
of  either  of  them."     1.  "  A  True  Relation  of  those  sad  and 
lamentable  Accidents  which  happened  in  and  about  the 
Parish   Church  of  Withycombe,  in  the  Dartmoores  in 
Devonshire,  on  Sunday,  21st  October,  1638,"  4to.,  London, 
1638  ;  in  the  British  Museum.    %  "  A  Second  and  more 
exact  Relation  of  those  sad  and  lamentable  Accidents 
which   happened  in  and   about  the  Parish   Church  of 
Wydecombe,  neere   the  Dartmoores   in   Devonshire,  on 
Sunday  the  21st  of  October  last,  1638."  4to.,  London, 
1638.] 

Remigius  Van  Lemput.  —  I  shall  feel  much 
obliged  for  any  information  of  the  descendants  of 
Remigius  Van  Lemput,  the  painter,  who  is  stated 
to  have  been  disowned  by  the  historical  family  of 
that  name  still,  or  recently,  existing  at  Antwerp, 
on  account  of  his  adoption  of  the  Protestant  faith ; 
and  to  have  obtained  his  livelihood,  during  the 
time  of  Cromwell,  in  London,  by  his  knowledge 
of  painting,  under  the  name  of  Remy.  G.  B. 

New  York. 

[Remy's  daughter  was  a  paintress;  and  married 
Thomas,  brother  of  Robert  Streater,  appointed  Serjeant- 
painter  at  the  Restoration,  who  is  frequently  noticed  by 
Pepys  in  his  Diary.  Remy  died  in  November,  1675, 
and  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  Covent  Garden,  as 
his  sou  Charles  had  been  in  1651.] 

Translations  of  the  Talmud,  frc.  —  Does  there 
exist  a  translation  of  the  apocryphal  Jewish  books, 
The  Talmud,  &c.,  in  any  of  the  modern  languages  ? 
The  information  would  much  oblige  K. 

["  Le  Talmud  de  Babylone,  traduit  en  langue  Franchise 
et  complete  par  celui  de  Jerusalem  et  par  d'autres  monu- 
mens  de  1'antiquite  Juda'ique,  par  1'abbe  L.  Chiarini," 
Voll.  L  ii.,  8°,  Leipz.  1831.  There  are  two  other  trans- 
lations in  Latin :  "  Talmudis  Babylonici  codex  Middoth, 
sive  de  mensuris  Templi ;  Hebraice  et  Latine ;  ex  ver- 
sione  et  cum  commentariis,  studio  Constantini  rEmpereur 
ab  Oppyck,"  4to.,  Elzevir,  Lug.  Bat,  1630.  "Talmudis 
Babylonici  codex  Succa,  sive  de  Tabernaculorum  Festo ; 
Hebraice  et  Latine ;  ex  versione  et  cum  notis  Fr.  Bern. 
Dachs,  et  Commentariis  Joh.  Jac.  Crameri,"  4to.,  Trajecti 
ad  Rhenum,  1726.] 

Letter  to  Aetius.  —  Is  there  anywhere  extant  a 
copy  of  the  entire  letter  of  the  Britons  to  Aetius  ? 
GeofFry  of  Mon  mouth,  Nennius,  and  Bede  give 
the  same  portions,  which  appear  to  be  copied  from 
some  author  who  quotes  only  the  fragments.  I 
refer  to  Dr.  Giles's  translations  of  the  above  au- 
thors. W.  B.  THURMOND. 

[The  entire  letter  is  given  by  Polydore  Virgil,  but 
without  stating  his  authority.  Its  authenticity  is  doubt- 
ful.] 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


129 


Bernard  Mandeville.  —  On  Thursday,  July  11, 
1723,  a  presentment  was  inserted  in  the  Evening 
Post  against  Mandeville's  Fable  of  the  Bees.  Will 
any  of  your  readers  kindly  inform  me  the  result  ? 
and,  also,  whether  any  farther  proceedings  were 
taken  ?  Will  you  also  inform  me  where  I  can  ob- 
tain the  best  information  respecting  Mandeville 
and  his  works?  I  have  read  the  article  in  the 
Penny  Cyclop.,  which  is  scarcely  comprehensive 
enough.  C.  H. (2) 

[It  does  not  appear  that  any  farther  proceedings  were 
taken  against  Mandeville,  after  the  presentment  of  the 
Grand  Jury  of  Middlesex  to  the  Judges  of  the  King's 
Bench.  If  there  had  been,  Mandeville  would  have  no- 
ticed them  in  the  collected  edition  of  his  Works,  4  vols., 
1728,  where  he  has  reprinted,  from  the  London  Journal  of 

July 27,  1723,  "A  Letter  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  C ," 

severely  animadverting  upon  his  Fable  of  the  Bees ;  toge- 
ther with  his  "  Answer  to  the  Letter,"  and  the  present- 
ment to  the  Grand  Jury.  The  best  account  of  the  author 
is  contained  in  Nouveau  Dictionnaire  Historique,  par 
Jacques  George  de  Chaufepie,  torn,  iii.,  edit.  1753.  Con- 
sult also  his  Life,  by  Dr.  Birch,  in  the  General  Dictionary ; 
Lounger's  Common-place  Book,  vol.  ii.  p.  306. ;  and  Chal- 
mers's Biographical  Dictionary.'] 

Quotation. — Can  you  oblige  me  by  saying  where 
to  find  the  line  — 

"  All  men  think  all  men  mortal  but  themselves  ?  " 

J.  M. 

[In  Young's  Night  Thoughts,  Night  I.,  the  37th  line 
from  the  end.] 

Precedency  of  the  Peers  of  Ireland  in  England. 
—  I  have  an  8vo.  volume  in  my  possession,  printed 
in  Dublin  without  the  author's  "knowledge  or 
concurrence,"  in  1739,  entitled  The  Question  of 
the  Precedency  of  the  Peers  of  Ireland  in  England 
fairly  stated.  As  appears  from  the  title-page,  it  is 
"  A  Letter  to  an  English  Lord,  by  a  nobleman  of 
the  other  Kingdom."  Who  was  the  author  ?  He 
adopts  as  his  motto,  "  Alieni  appetens,  sui  pro- 
fusus."  "  Largitor  rapti  "  would  have  been  more 
concise.  ABHBA. 

[This  work  is  by  Sir  John  Perceval,  first  Earl  of  Eg- 
mont.  Obit  May  1,  1748.] 


THE    DUNCIAD. 

C.  asks,  at  Vol.  x.,  p.  65.,  whether  an  edition  of 
The  Dunciad,  1727,  has  been  seen  ?  The  follow- 
ing extracts  will  probably  prove  that  no  such 
edition  ever  existed.  In  a  letter  addressed  by 
Swift  to  Gay,  Nov.  27th,  1727,  he  asks,  "Why 
does  not  Pope  publish  his  'Dulness?'"  Again, 
"  I  hope  to  see  Pope's  '  Dulness  '  knock  down  the 
Beggar's  Opera,  but  not  till  it  hath  fully  done  its 
job." 

Lord  Bolingbroke,  in  a  letter  to  Swift,  not  dated, 
but  placed  after  the  preceding  one,  says  :  "  Pope's 


'Dulness'  grows  and  flourishes  —  it  will  be  a 
noble  work ;  the  many  will  stare  at  it,  the  few  will 
smile." 

March  23,  1727-8,  Pope  tells  Swift:  "As  for 
those  scribblers,  for  whom  you  apprehend  I  would 
suppress  my  'Dulness,'  which,  by  the  way,  for  the 
future,  you  are  to  call  by  a  more  pompous  name, 
The  Dunciad,  how  much  that  nest  of  hornets  are 
my  regard,  will  easily  appear  to  you  when  you 
read  the  treatise  of  the  Bathos." 

May  10,  1728,  Swift  says:  "You  talk  of  this 
Dunciad,  but  I  am  impatient  to  have  it  volare  per 
ora.  There  is  now  a  vacancy  for  fame ;  the 
Beggar's  Opera  hath  done  its  task." 

July  16,  1728,  Swift  writes :  "  I  have  often  run 
over  The  Dunciad  in  an  Irish  edition  (I  suppose 
full  of  faults)  which  a  gentleman  sent  me.  The 
notes  I  could  wish  to  be  very  large  in  what  relates 
to  the  persons  concerned." 

As  Swift,  of  all  men,  would  be  indulged  with 
an  "  early  copy  "  of  The  Dunciad  (for  Lord  Bo- 
lingbroke may  have  seen  portions  of  the  work  in 
manuscript  or  in  proof  only),  may  we  not  con- 
clude from  these  extracts  that  The  Dunciad  cer- 
tainly did  not  appear  till  1728  ?  The  Irish  edition, 
"  full  of  faults,"  may  have  been  what  Cleland. 
alludes  to  in  his  letter  to  the  publisher,  prefixed 
to  the  work  (4to.  and  8vo.,  1729),  "  occasioned  by 
the  present  (and  as  Warton  or  Bowles  adds,  the 
first  correct)  edition  of  The  Dunciad'''  .... 
"  It  is  with  pleasure  I  hear  that  you  have  procured 
a  correct  copy  of  The  Dunciad,  which  the  many 
surreptitious  ones  have  rendered  so  necessary."  * 

J.  H.  MARKLAND. 


I  am  glad  that  my  inquiry  about  the  first  edition 
of  The  Dunciad  has  excited  a  correspondent 
spirit ;  but  the  nature  of  the  replies  in  Vol.  x., 
p.  109.,  induces  me,  in  order  to  save  space  and 
time,  to  repeat  that  what  is  inquired  after  is, 
any  of  the  editions  stated  by  Pope  to  have  been 
published  in  Dublin  and  London,  prior  to  one  in 
12mo.  published  in  London  by  Lawton  Gilliver 
without  date. 

I  am  surprised  to  find  E.  T.  D,  —  who  writes  as 
if  he  had  considered  the  question,  and  tells  us 
that  he  "  has  formed  opinions  of  his  own  "  upon 
it  —  doubting  my  quotation  of  Pope's  assertion, 
and  asking  where  "  Pope  has  distinctly  and  re- 
peatedly stated  that  an  imperfect  edition  was  pub- 
lished and  republished  in  Dublin  and  in  London 
in  1727."  I  am,  I  say,  surprised  that  any  one 
who  has  looked  ever  so  superficially  into  the  sub- 
ject, should  not  be  aware  that  in  a  prefatory  note 


*  An  advertisement  which  precedes  this  letter  in  these 
two  editions,  says;  "  It  will  be  sufficient  to  say  of  this 
edition  that  the  reader  has  here  a  much  more  correct  and 
complete  copy  of  The  Dunciad  than  has  hitherto  appeared." 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


to  what  Pope  calls  the   "first  perfect   edition" 
(z.  e.  that  by  Lawton  Gilliver),  he  tells  us  : 

"  This  poem  was  writ  in  1726.  In  the  next  year  an 
imperfect  edition  was  published  at  Dublin,  and  reprinted 
in  London  in  12mo.,  another  at  Dublin,  and  another  at 
London,  8vo. ;  and  three  others  in  12mo.  the  same  year." 

—  P.  66. 

This  statement  is  repeated  in  Pope's  first  col- 
lected edition,  1736  (vol.  iv.  p.  70.),  and  again  in 
his  last  collected  edition,  1743  (vol.  iii.  p.  4.). 
Why  E.  T.  D.  should  doubt  its  existence  is  more 
than  I  can  explain ;  but  if  he  wondered  at  the 
existence  of  three  editions  (I  had  not  specified  the 
number),  he  will  be  more  surprised  to  find  Pope 
thus  asserting  that  there  werejffoe. 

Malone,  I  repeat,  did  not  believe  a  word  of  all 
this,  and  I  have  never  been  able  to  find  any  one 
'  of  those  alleged  editions  ;  but  it  is,  as  I  have  said, 
quite  incomprehensible  that  Pope  should  have  vo- 
lunteered and  persisted  in  a  distinct  and  circum- 
stantial lie  without  any  object  that  can  be  dis- 
covered. 

To  save  other  correspondents  trouble,  I  beg 
leave  to  state  that  I  have  before  me  the  following 
early  editions,  and  need  no  information  about 
them.  1st.  That  which  Malone  thought  to  be  the 
first  of  all,  its  title-page  running  thus :  The 
Dunciad,  an  Heroic  Poem  in  Three  Books. 
Dublin  printed  ;  London,  reprinted  for  A.  Dodd, 
1728.  2nd.  The  edition  by  Lawton  Gilliver, 
mentioned  by  MR.  THOMS,  with  the  frontispiece 
of  the  owl,  without  date,  but  stating  on  the  title- 
page  that  the  poem  was  "  written  in  1727,"  and  in 
the  prolegomena,  that  this  is  "  the  first  perfect 
edition."  3rd.  The  quarto  edition  of  1729,  with 
a  copper-plate  vignette  of  an  ass  laden  with  the 
works  of  the  Dunces,  which  Pope  afterwards 
stated  was  "  the  first  perfect  edition."  This  seems 
to  have  been  also  printed  in  8vo.,  but  it  is  doubt- 
ful whether  in  the  same  year,  as  the  date  and 
printer's  name,  "  A.  Dod,  1729,"  are  engraved  on 
the  copper-plate  vignette,  which,  after  being  used 
for  the  4to.,  appears  to  have  been  subsequently 
reproduced  in  the  8vo.  Your  correspondent 
B.  H.  C.  has  this  8vo.,  but  seems  to  doubt  that 
there  was  a  4to.,  and  even  to  suspect  that  I  have 
mistaken  the  8vo.  for  a  "  so-called  4to."  I  beg 
leave  to  tell  him  that  it  is  a  4to.,  a  handsome  one 

—  that  I  have  even  seen  a  large  paper  copy  of  it, 
and  that  it  is  by  no  means  a  rare  volume  —  I 
have  seen  several  copies.     This,  which  was  Pope's 
first  avowed  edition,  and  which  was  presented  to 
George  II.  and  Queen  Caroline,  has  a  prefatory 
advertisement,    complaining   of  former    editions, 
and  especially  of  one  printed  at  Dublin.     Why 
should  he  have  repeated  this  if  there  was  no  such 
edition  ?  C. 


EGBERT   PARSONS. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  68.) 

As  Edmund  Bunny  is  not  present  to  speak  for 
himself,  I  hope  you  will  allow  me  to  put  in  a  plea 
of  "Not  guilty"  on  his  behalf;  your  correspon- 
dent F.  C.  H.  having  confidently  accused  him — 
and  most  unwarrantably —  of  having  broken  the 
eighth  commandment.  Speaking  of  A  Book  of 
Christian  Exercise,  fyc.,  he  says : 

"  This  is  the  same  as  the  Apologetical  Epistle,  No.  28. 
in  the  above  catalogue.  The  substance  of  it  was  stolen  by 
Bunny,  a  Protestant  clergyman,  and  published  under  his 


own  name. 


There  are  here,  I  think,  two  false  accusations 
and  one  misstatement.  To  take  these  in  the  order 
in  which  they  stand  :  — 

1.  That  the  Book  of  Christian  Exercise  apper- 
taining  to  Resolution  is  the  same  as  the  Apolo- 
getical Epistle.    This  is  wrong,  for  several  reasons. 
A  copy  of  the  Exercise  now  lies  before  me.     It 
has  no  title-page ;  but  the  Dedication  to  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  is  preserved,  and  the  pre- 
face to  the  reader.     The  latter  thus  concludes  : 
"  And  so  I  bid  thee  hartily  farewell.     At  Bolton- 
Percie,  in  the  ancientie  or  liberties  of  York,  the 
9  of  lulie,  1584.   Thy  hartie  wel-willer  in  Christ." 
This  first  part  was  issued,  then,  sixteen  or  seven- 
teen years   before  the  Apologetical  Epistle  was 
published  (viz.  1601,  if  F.  C.  H.'s  own  date  is  to 
be  trusted).    The  second  part  of  the  work  (bound 
up  with  the  first)  is  dated  1594,  or  seven  years 
prior  to  the  Apologetical  Epistle.    Now  the  Exer- 
cise is  not  an  epistle  at  all,  nor  by  any  process  can 
it   be   tortured  into   one, — unless   we  may  call 
Thomas  a  Kempis'  Imitation,  or  Baxter's  Sainfs 
Rest,  epistles.     I  may  observe  in  passing,  that 
Baxter  owed  very  much  to  the  perusal  of  Parsons' 
book  (the  one  under  consideration)  in  early  life. 

2.  That  the  substance  of  Parsons'  book   was 
stolen  by  Bunny.    What  "Edm.  Bunny"  did,  was 
to  adapt  Parsons'  book  to  Protestant  readers  ;  as 
many  others  had  done  before  him,  and  have  done 
since.     This  may  be  stealing ;  but  if  it  is,  it  is  a 
crime  which  is  chargeable  upon  many  very  excel- 
lent men  of  the  various  religious  communions  — 
Romish  as  well  as  reformed.    I  should  like  to  add 
the  remarks  of  Bunny  himself  on  this  subject, 
but  it  will  not  be  necessary  owing  to  what  now 
follows. 

3.  That  Bunny  published   it  under  his   own 
name.     He  did  :    not  as   author,  but  as   editor, 
which  makes  all  the  difference.     Parsons  himself, 
it  appears,  issued  the  book   without  his   name. 
And  therefore  Bunny  could  give  no  more  than 
the  author  gave,  the  initials  "  R.  P.,"  and  these 
he  gave  ;  for  he  says  to  the  reader : 

"  Who  it  is  that  was  the  author  of  it,  I  do  not  know; 
for  that  the  author  hath  not  put  to  his  name,  but  only 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


131 


two  letters  in  the  end  of  his  Preface :  -which  two  letters  I 
have  set  down  under  the  title  of  the  booke  itselfe,"  &c. 

Whoever  told  F.  C.  H.  that  Bunny  published 
the  book  in  his  own  name,  must  have  a  character 
for  mendacity  which  is  exposed  by  the  whole  of 
Bunny's  Dedication  and  Preface.  Again,  in  1594, 
where  another  editor  (?)  issued  the  second  part 
of  the  work  on  the  same  plan,  the  initials  "  R.  P." 
appear  upon  the  title-page.  This  part  is  dedi- 
cated to  Sir  Thomas  Heneage.  The  address  to 
the  reader  thus  begins : 

"  Curteous  Reader,  not  manie  yeeres  since,  a  book  was 
published,  Of  Christian  Exercise,  appertayning  to  Resolu- 
tion :  written  by  a  Jesuit  beyond  the  seas,  yet  an  En- 
glishma,  named  M.  Robert  Parsons  ;  which  booke  AI. 
Edmund  Bunny,  hauing  diligently  perused,  committed  to 
the  publique  viewe  of  all  indifferent  iudgements :  as  glad 
that  so  good  matter  proceeded  from  such  infected  people, 
and  that  good  might  rise  thereby  to  the  benefit  of  others." 

I  have  said  thus  much,  hoping  to  appease  the 
manes  of  good  Edm.  Bunny  ;  and  advise  F.  C.  H. 
to  see  the  book  in  question,  which  I  never  read 
but  with  pleasure.  B.  H.  C. 

I  am  sorry  that  you  did  not  insert  the  list  of 
Parsons'  works  which  I  sent  you,  as  I  believe  it 
would  be  found  both  more  full  and'  more  accurate 
than  that  given  by  Dodd,  which  I  also  referred 
to  when  drawing  up  my  own.  But  my  object  in 
now  recurring  to  the  subject,  is  to  vindicate  the 
character  of  Edmund  Bunny  from  the  groundless 
charge  brought  against  him  by  F.  C.  H.,  of  having 
"  stolen  the  substance  of  Parsons'  Book  of  Chris- 
tian Exercise,  and  published  it  under  his  own 
name."  In  fact,  the  title,  as  given  by  F.  C.  H. 
himself,  ought  to  have  been  sufficient  to  exempt 
him  from  such  an  imputation.  I  have  the  book 
now  before  me,  and  give  the  full  title  as  follows  : 

"  A  Book  of  Christian  Exercise,  appertaining  to  Reso- 
lution, that  is,  showing  how  that  wee  shoulde  resolve 
ourselves  to  become  Christians  indeed,  by  R.  P. ;  Perused 
and  accompanied  now  with  a  Treatise  tending  to  Pacifi- 
cation, by  Edm.  Bunny,  Lond.  1586." 

In  a  dedicatory  epistle  to  Edwin  Sandys,  Arch- 
bishop of  York,  he  states  the  nature  and  grounds 
of  the  alterations  which  he  had  made  in  the  work, 
to  adapt  it  to  Protestant  readers  ;  and  in  the  pre- 
face to  the  reader  he  says  : 

"  Who  it  is  that  was  the  author  of  it,  I  doe  not  knowe, 
for  that  the  author  hath  not  put  his  name,  but  onely  two 
letters  in  the  ende  of  his  preface :  which  two  letters  I 
have  set  downe  vnder  the  title  of  the  booke  itselfe." 

And  this  is  what  F.  C.  H.  calls  "  stealing  the  sub- 
stance of  the  book,  and  publishing  it  under  his 
own  name"  'A\KVS. 

Dublin. 

An  able  Roman  Catholic  historian,  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Berington,  in  his  valuable  History  of  the 
Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Religion 


in  England  (pp.  26.  28.),  thus  speaks  of  Father 
Parsons : 

"  To  the  intriguing  spirit  of  this  man  (whose  whole  life 
was  a  series  of  machinations  against  the  sovereignty  of 
his  country,  the  succession  of  its  crown,  and  the  interests 
of  the  secular  clergy  of  his  own  faith,)  were  I  to  ascribe 
more  than  half  the  odium  under  which  the  English 
Catholics  laboured  through  the  heavy  lapse  of  two  cen- 
turies, I  should  only  say  what  has  often  been  said,  and 
what  as  often  has  been  said  with  truth.  Devoted  to  the 
most  extravagant  pretensions  of  the  Roman  Court,  he 
strove  to  give  efficacy  to  those  pretensions  in  propagating, 
by  many  efforts,  their  validity,  and  directing  their  appli- 
cation :  pensioned  by  the  Spanish  monarch,  whose  pecu- 
niary aids  he  wanted  for  the  success  of  his  various  plans, 
he  unremittingly  favoured  the  views  of  that  ambitious 
prince,  in  opposition  to  the  welfare  of  his  country ;  and 
dared  to  support,  if  he  did  not  first  suggest,  his  idle  claim, 
or  that  of  his  daughter,  to  the  English  throne.  Wedded 
to  the  society  of  which  he  was  a  member,  he  sought  her 
glory  and  pre-eminence ;  and  to  accomplish  this,  it  was 
his  incessant  endeavour  to  bring  under  his  jurisdiction  all 
our  foreign  seminaries,  and  at  home  to  beat  down  every 
interest  that  could  impede  the  aggrandisement  of  his 
order.  Thus,  having  gained  an  ascendancy  over  the 
minds  of  many,  he  infused  his  spirit,  and  spread  his 
maxims :  and  to  his  successors  of  the  society,  it  seems, 
bequeathed  an  admiration  of  his  character,  and  a  love  of 
imitation,  which  has  helped  to  perpetuate  dissensions ; 
and  to  make  us,  to  this  day,  a  divided  people.  His  writ- 
ings, which  were  numerous,  are  an  exact  transcript  of  his 
mind :  dark,  imposing,  problematical,  seditious." 

W.  DENTOW. 


BRYDONE  AND  MOUNT  ETNA. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  138.  255.  305.  432.) 

Being  curious  to  ascertain,  if  possible,  the 
origin  of  the  frequently  expressed  disbelief  in 
Brydone's  account  of  his  ascent  to  the  summit  of 
Mount  Etna,  I  have  discovered,  in  the  course  of 
looking  into  various  works  for  that  purpose,  the 
following  passage  in  the  notes  to  the  Canon  Re- 
cupero's  History  of  the  mountain,  by  the  canon's 
nephew,  who  published  and  edited  the  work  many 
years  after  his  uncle's  decease.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  the  canon  resided  at  Catania,  and  was 
visited  by  Brydone. 

"  Brydone  ebbe  il  coraggio  d'  ingannar  1'  antore,  facen- 
dogli  credere  d'  esser  salito  fino  al  cratere  dell"  Etna. 
Egli  non  pole  goder  questo  piacere  per  causa  di  una  dis- 
graziata  caduta  che  gli  avenne  nel  viaggio,  onde  fu  cos- 
tretto  d'  abbandonare  1'  impresa.  I  suoi  compagni,  Ful- 
larton  e  Glover,  giunsero  pero  fino  a  quel  vertice  fumante, 
e  verificarano  lassu  la  misura  barometrica  fatta  altre  volte 
dall'  autore."  —  Storia  Natural  e  Generate  deli'  Etna,  del 
Canouico  Giuseppe  Recupero,  2  vols.  4to.,  Catania,  1815. 

Swinburne,  who  did  not  ascend  to  the  summit, 
says : 

"  The  Canon  Recupero  dissuaded  me  from  attempting 
to  reach  the  top  of  ^Etna,  for  he  was  certain  that  the  snow 
would  render  it  impracticable ;  he  observed  that  I  should 
enjoy  full  as  fine  a  prospect  half  way  up  the  mountain  as 
from  the  summit,  by  moving  in  a  horizontal  direction, 
and  alternately  taking  in  views  towards  different  points 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


of  the  compass ;  that  the  land  would  be  equally  seen  in 
its  whole  extent,  and  all  that  I  should  lose  would  be  a 
greater  command  of  the  sea ;  and  that  I  might  form  a 
tolerable  idea  of  the  crater  of  ./Etna  from  that  of  Ve- 
suvius, with  which  I  was  well  acquainted.  I  paid  a  just 
deference  to  his  opinion,"  £c.  —  Travels,  vol.  iv.  p.  140. 

This  passage  would  seem  to  prove  that  if  Bry- 
done  ascended  the  mountain,  he  might  have 
written  his  glowing  description  without  reaching 
the  top,  where,  however,  he  explicitly  narrates 
that  he  arrived,  "  in  full  time  to  see  the  most 
wonderful  and  most  sublime  sight  in  nature." 

Brydone  states  that  he  met  with  the  accident, 
a  sprain,  alluded  to  by  Recupero,  in  descending 
the  mountain,  not  in  ascending  it.  Recupero,  it 
will  be  noticed,  only  says  that  Brydone  deceived 
him  in  representing  that  he  ascended  to  the  crater, 
and  says  nothing  about  the  summit  of  the  moun- 
tain, which  Brydone  might  have  visited,  granting 
all  that  Recupero  asserts  on  his  bare  affirmation. 
Brydone's  errors,  in  "  sacrificing  truth  to  piquancy 
in  his  narrations,"  have  not  led  so  eminent  a  judge 
as  Spallanzani,  who  freely  censures  these  errors,  to 
question  the  truth  of  his  ascent.  LORD  MONSON'S 
testimony  also  will  add  to  the  weight  of  evidence 
in  favour  of  Brydone's  general  accuracy,  so  far  as 
his  lordship's  not  observing  "  a  series  of  errors  in 
the  account  while  reading  him  on  the  spot "  ex- 
tends. On  the  whole,  perhaps,  it  will  be  thought 
by  candid  judges  that  Brydone's  severest  critics, 
who  are  chiefly  foreign  writers,  indignant  at  being 
misled  by  him  on  some  minor  points,  have  been 
guilty  of  injustice  in  stigmatising  the  entire  ac- 
count of  his  ascent  as  an  ingenious  romance. 
:  JOHN  MACRAT. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photography  applied  to  Engraving  on  Wood.  —  The  cur- 
rent number  of  the  Art  Journal  contains  a  proof  that  the 
important  question,  Can  photographs  be  produced  on  the 
wood  block  so  as  to  be  used  by  the  engraver?  has  at 
length  been  solved  in  the  affirmative.  The  engraving  of 
the  moon  there  given  is  most,  satisfactory ;  and  we  think 
our  readers  will  be  obliged  to  us  for  transferring  to  our 
columns  the  following  letter  from  the  Rev.  St.  Vincent 
Beechey,  by  whom  this  good  service  has  been  accom- 
plished. We  hope  Mr.  Beechey  will  soon  make  known  the 
means  employed  by  him. 

«  Sir, 

"Enclosed  I  send  you,  I  believe  to  be,  the  first  fair 
specimen  of  a  woodcut  engraving,  executed  by  Mr.  Ro- 
bert Langton,  of  Cross  Street,  Manchester,  upon  a  block 
on  to  which  I  have  succeeded  in  transferring  it  in  a  con- 
dition exactly  suited  for  the  graver.  It  is  a  photographic 
copy  of  the  celebrated  map  of  the  moon  delineated  by 
James  Nasmyth,  Esq.,  of  Patricroft,  on  a  scale  of  four 
feet  diameter,  which  is  certainly  \>y  far  the  most  accurate 
in  detail  and  execution  that  has  yet  been  laid  down ;  the 
result  of  years  of  observation  and  most  accurate  micro- 
metric  measurement.  The  scale  to  which  this  map  is 
reduced  on  the  block  of  course  rendered  it  impossible  to 
engrave  all  these  minutiae ;  but  by  this  process  the  exact 
position  of  all  the  principal  mountains  and  ridges  has 


been  preserved,  and  much  detail  introduced,  which  it 
would  have  required  days,  and  a  very  clever  draughts- 
man, to  have  reduced  and  laid  down  to  scale.  The  pho- 
tograph was  impressed  upon  the  plain  surface  of  the 
wood  without  any  ground  black  or  white,  duly  reversed, 
and  requiring  no  other  treatment  than  if  it  had  been 
drawn,  except  that  here  and  there  a  crater,  &c.,  had  to  be 
made  a  little  more  distinct,  depending  merely  upon  the 
imperfection  of  the  photograph. 

"  To  some  of  your  readers  it  will  doubtless  appear  a 
very  simple  thing  to  photograph  on  wood, — '  Why  not  on 
wood  as  well  as  on  paper  or  on  glass  ?  '  I  will  therefore 
take  the  liberty  of  setting  before  them  the  difficulties 
which  have  to  be  overcome  in  this  process,  and  which  I 
am  sure  you,  Sir,  will  duly  appreciate. 

"I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Langton,  both  for  the  first 
instigation  and  for  the  necessary  instructions  which, 
enabled  me  to  prosecute  this  research.  Without  the 
former  I  should  never  have  undertaken  it,  and  without 
the  latter  I  should  have  burrowed  in  the  dark.  We  were 
both  perfectly  aware  that  certain  rude  attempts  had  been 
made  and  published ;  but  it  was  evident  from  the  specimens 
that  they  were  of  the  roughest  possible  description,  and 
quite  unadapted  to  the  purposes  of  Art-design.  In  order 
to  impress  a  photographic  image  on  wood  for  the  purpose 
of  engraving,  the  following  difficulties  have  to  be  over- 
come :  — 

"  1.  The  block  must  not  be  wetted,  or  it  will  cast,  and 
the  grain  will  open. 

"  2.  No  material  must  be  laid  on  the  surface  which  will 
sink  into  the  block  and  stain  even  the  hundredth  part  of 
an  inch  below  the  surface,  or  else  the  engraver  cannot  see 
his  cuts  to  any  delicacy  of  detail. 

"  3.  Neither  albumen,  nor  pitch,  nor  any  brittle  material 
can  be  allowed  upon  the  block,  or  else  of  course  it  will 
chip  in  the  cross-lines,  or  those  close  beside  each  other. 

"  4.  Whatever  ground  of  any  description  is  made  use  of 
must  be  so  impalpably  thin  as* to  be  really  tantamount  to 
the  surface  of  the  block  itself,  or  else  it  cannot  be  equalty 
cut  through  to  any  degree  of  certainty. 

"  5.  The  block  should  be  so  prepared  for  the  purpose  of 
the  photographer,  that  his  collodion  or  other  preparation 
may  freely  flow  over  it  without  sinking  in.  and  that  it 
may  be  easily  cleared  off  in  case  of  any  failure  in  a  first 
attempt,  in  order  that  another  photograph  may  be  put 
upon  the  same  block  without  fresh  dressing. 

"  6.  The  photograph  must  be  either  a  positive  upon  a 
white  ground  (or,  as  in  the  present  instance,  the  unaltered 
wood  itself),  or  a  negative  upon  a  blackened  surface. 

"  I  need  scarcely  say  that  several  attempts  were  made 
before  all  these  difficulties  were  surmounted ;  but  I  be- 
lieve the  present  process  will  be  found  as  effective  as  it  is 
simple.  My  very  first  attempt  succeeded  in  impressing 
my  church  on  a  black  ground,  and  we  both  thought  that 
ground  would  have  been  of  a  nature  to  allow  of  easy  en- 
graving ;  but  Mr.  Langton  found,  that  though  not  more 
than  one  hundredth  part  of  an  inch  thick,  and  not  brittle, 
no  degree  of  excellence  could  be  obtained  in  its  execution. 
I  shall  yet  endeavour  to  perfect  this  latter  process,  as  it 
may  sometimes  be  more  convenient  than  the  white 
ground.  In  the  meanwhile,  should  you  think  this  com- 
munication worth  inserting  in  your  valuable  journal,  the 
block  shall  be  immediately  sent  up  to  your  office.  For 
any  farther  information  I  must  refer  your  readers  to  Mr. 
Langton,  Engraver,  Cross  Street,  Manchester,  with  whose 
skill  and  ingenuity  I  believe  you  are  already  acquainted. 
I  remain,,  dear  Sir, 

Faithfully  yours, 

ST.  VINCENT  BEECHEY. 

Worsley  Parsonage,  June  19,  1854. 

«P.  S. —  I  should  much  like  to  be  able  to  whiten  the 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


133 


surface  of  the  wood  before  commencing.    At  present  it  is 
more  difficult  to  do  so  than  to  blacken  it." 

Mr.  Langton,  in  reply  to  a  communication  from  the 
editor  of  the  Art  Journal,  writes  : 

"  It  is  four  years  since  I  first  tried  to  find  some  way  of 
getting  photographs  on  wood;  and  it  is  now  nearly  a 
year  since  (with  the  very  able  assistance  of  Mr.  Beechey) 
anything  at  all  satisfactory  was  produced.  From  what 
little  experience  I  have  had  in  engraving  these  photo- 
graphs, I  see  no  reason  why  the  process  should  not  be 
extensively  used ;  but  especially  for  some  subjects,  such 
as  portraits,  architectural  detail,  and  even  landscapes, 
where  the  view  is  not  too  extensive  for  the  lens.  And 
for  producing  reduced  copies  of  works  of  Art  in  general, 
it  would  be  invaluable." 

Mr.  Lyte's  Instantaneous  Process  (Vol.  x.,  p.  111.).  — 
.In  answer  to  C.  H.  C.,  I  am  somewhat  surprised  that  he 
is  unacquainted  with  a  fact  so  very  generally  known  to 
photographers,  as  the  solubility  of  iodide  of  silver  in  a 
solution  of  the  nitrate  of  the  same  base.  The  quantity 
taken  up  by  a  thirty-grain  solution  is  very  small  indeed ; 
but  quite  enough  to  spoil  several  plates  first  immersed  in 
a  new  bath,  unless  it  has  been  previously  saturated  with 
the  iodide  of  silver,  hence  the  principal  object  of  the  pro- 
ceeding. I  have  never  taken  notes  of  the  actual  quantity 
capable  of  being  dissolved  in  a  solution  of  any  given 
strength,  but,  like  the  same  salt  in  a  solution  of  iodide  of 
potassium,  the  stronger  the  solution  of  nitrate  the  more  of 
the  iodide  it  will  take  up.  I  believe  Mr.  Home  of  Newgate 
Street  has  tested  the  exact  weight,  and  I  have  no  doubt 
he  would  communicate  the  result. 

With  regard  to  Mr.  Lyte's  process,  I  have  unfortu- 
nately not  had  time  to  try  it  one  way  or  other ;  but  have 
no  doubt  whatever  that  it  succeeds  in  his  hands. 

GEO.  SHADBOLT. 


ta  fKinav 

Double  Christian  Names  (Vol.  x.,  p.  18.).  — 
In  the  two  quotations  which  ERICAS  gives  from 
Co.  Litt.,  Lord  Coke's  meaning  evidently  was, 
not  that  a  man  should  not  bear  two  Christian 
names,  but  that  though  any  one  might  change  his 
surname  at  pleasure,  a  change  in  his  Christian 
name  was  permitted  at  his  confirmation  only.  (See 
Paper  on  Surnames,  Archceologia,  vol.  xviii. 
p.  105.) 

The  instances  of  double  Christian  names  given 
by  your  correspondents  are,  first,  John  James 
Sandilands,  1564;  and  second,  Henry  Frederick 
Stanley,  the  son  of  James,  seventh  Earl  of  Derby, 
1635. 

I  may  add  that  of  Thomas  Pope  Blount,  ma- 
triculated Trinity  College,  Oxford,  1574,  being 
then  aged  eighteen ;  he  therefore,  having  been 
born  in  1556,  may  in  point  of  time  have  preceded 
Sandiiands.  J.  H.  MARKLAND. 

"Forgive,   blest  shade"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  241.) 

These  lines  are  said  to  have  been,  in  the  first 
instance,  inscribed  upon  the  headstone  of  the 
grave  of  Mrs.  Anne  Berry,  in  the  churchyard  of 
Brading,  Isle  of  Wight. 


In  1813,  when  I  there  read  the  epitaph,  I  was 
informed  that  it  was  written  by  the  clergyman  of 
the  parish. 

In  what  year  did  Dr.  Callcott  set  these  lines  to 
music  ?  J.  H.  MARKLAND. 

"  Jah,"  in  Psalm  Ixviii.  4.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  105.).  — 
VOK.AROS  will  be  assisted  in  his  inquiries  into  this 
alteration,  by  knowing  that  the  Psalms,  Epistles, 
and  Gospels  in  the  Prayer-Book  were  not  copied 
from  the  Great  Bible  of  Cranmer,  1539  and  1540, 
in  both  of  which  the  word  "  JA  "  is  correctly 
printed ;  but  that  they  were  taken  from  the  Great 
Bible  revised  by  the  Bishops  of  Durham  and 
Rochester,  1541,  of  which  many  editions  were 
subsequently  printed.  In  all  these  the  word  no 
longer  appears  in  capitals,  but  in  ordinary  type, 
"yea."  Upon  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.  the 
Convocation  of  1661  made  about  six  hundred 
alterations*  in  the  Prayer-Book,  which  were  rati- 
fied by  the  Act  of  Uniformity.  Among  these 
alterations  the  Epistles  and  Gospels  were  ordered 
to  be  read  according  to  the  last  translation,  but 
the  old  version  of  the  Psalter  was  retained.  The 
word  "yea"  was  continued,  in  conformity  with 
the  sealed  book,  until  the  eighteenth  century. 
It  is  so  in  Basket's  edition,  8vo.,  1736.  The  first 
edition  altered  to  "  JAH,"  in  my  humble  collection 
of  Prayer-Books,  is  the  beautifully-printed  royal 
8vo.  by  Baskerville,  Cambridge,  1760.  By  what 
authority  the  alteration  was  made  does  not  appear. 
The  Scottish  Psalter,  being  from  the  Genevan 
version,  has  the  word  "JAH"  from  the  earliest 
editions.  GEORGE  OFFOB. 

Hackney. 

Singed  Vellum  (Vol.  x.,  p.  106.).  —  In  addition 
to  the  information  supplied  by  you,  in  answer  to 
MB.  HOTCHINSON'S  Query,  I  beg  to  observe  that  I 
have  several  times  witnessed  the  process  of  re- 
storing the  Cottonian  MSS.,  and  can  assure  that 
gentleman  that  great  skill,  patience,  and  delicacy 
of  touch  is  required  in  the  operation,  as  a  MS., 
when  badly  burnt,  must  be  reduced  to  a  state  of 
pulp  before  the  laminae  can  be  separated. 

To  Mr.  Henry  Gougb,  sen.,  of  Islington,  belongs 
the  honour  of  having  (under  the  direction  of  Sir 
Frederick  Madden)  succeeded  in  restoring  to  use, 
in  a  most  admirable  manner,  the  injured  treasures 
of  the  Cottonian  library,  some  of  which  have 
proved  to  be  of  the  highest  historical  importance. 

Zz. 

Holy-loaf  Money  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  150.  256.  568.). 
—  The  reply  of  HONOHE  DE  MAREVILLE  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  568.)  reminds  me  that  the  custom  he  relates  as 
being  common  in  Normandy  and  Brittany,  I  also 


*  Dr.  Tennison.  See  Stephen's  Book  of  Common 
Prayer,  published  for  the  Eccles.  Hist.  Society,  1849, 
vol.  i.  p.  clxxL 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


witnessed  during  the  celebration  of  high  mass  at 
St.  Gudule  in  Brussels,  and  the  Madeleine  and 
St.  Roch  in  Paris.  It  struck  me  at  the  time  that 
it  might  be  a  somewhat  similar  ceremony  to  the 
ancient  agapce,  but  on  inquiry  I  found  it  was  not, 
though  my  informant  failed  to  satisfy  me  what  it 
really  was.  At  St.  Koch  I  particularly  noticed 
children  of  six  or  seven  years  of  age  were  reci- 
pients :  it  looked  to  me  more  like  English  sponge- 
cake than  bread.  Perhaps  Dr.  Rock  or  Dr. 
Husenbeth  would  kindly  inform  us  what  is  the 
custom  referred  to  above,  and  whence  its  origin  ? 

THOMAS  COJLLIS. 
Boston. 

Saying  of  Voltaire  (Vol.  x.,  p.  88.). — 

"  Mes  Re've'rends  Peres,  mes  Lettres  n'avoient  pas  ac- 
coutume'  de  se  suivre  de  si  pres,  ni  d'etre  si  e'tendues.  Le 
peu  de  temps  quej'ai  eu,  a  ete  cause  de  1'uu  et  de  1'autre. 
Je  n'ai  fait  celle-ci  plus  longue,  que  parce  que  je  n'ai  pas 
eu  le  loisir  de  la  faire  plus  courte.  La  raison  qui  m'a 
oblige  de  me  hater,  vous  est  mieux  connue  qu'k  moi,"  &c. 
—  Pascal,  Lettres  Provinciates,  Lettre  XVI.,  du  4  De- 
cembre,  1656. 

C.  FOEBES. 

Temple. 

"Time  and  7"  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  585.).— It  is  to 
Philip  II.  of  Spain  and  England  that  Mr.  Stir- 
ling assigns  this  adage,  and  not  to  the  Emperor 
Charles  V.  CHEVEBELLS. 

Pictures  at  Hampton  Court  Palace  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  538.;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  19.  85.).  —  I  take  the  fol- 
lowing extract  from  a  biographical  sketch  of  Sir 
William  Beechy,  R.A.,  which  appeared  in  the 
London  Monthly  Mirror  for  July,  1798  : 

"  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  particularise  occurrences  of 
eo  recent  a  date,  except  as  they  show  the  high  esteem  in 
•which  the  subject  of  this  memoir  is  held  by  the  sovereign. 
Nothing  can  afford  a  clearer  proof  of  this  than  his  majesty's 
entrusting  him  with  a  subject  of  so  much  difficulty  and 
extent  as  the  grand  picture  representing  the  king  at  a 
review,  attended  by  the  Prince,  Duke  of  York,  &c.,  a 
work  which,  independent  of  the  illustrious  portraits  it 
contains,  requires  an  historical  mode  of  treatment,  and  a 
judgment  in  the  disposal  of  the  figures,  that  none  but  a 
master  could  effectually  administer.  As  a  reward  for  the 
skilful  execution  of  this  arduous  task,  and  to  show  his 
exalted  regard  for  the  arts  in  general,  the  king  has  lately 
conferred  on  the  painter  the  honour  of  knighthood." 

From  what  is  written  above,  it  is  evident  that 
the  Query  of  your  correspondent  *.  is  not  yet 
answered,  and  that  the  review  which  the  picture 
represents  must  have  taken  place  before  July 
1798,  and  not  in  1799,  as  M.A.  and  NAEEO  have 
supposed.  W.  W. 

Malta. 

Palceologus  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  312.  572.).  —  In 
Schomburgk's  History  of  Barbadoes,  1848,  is  an 
account  of  Fernando,  or  Ferdinando,  Paleologus, 
who  appears  to  have  settled  in  that  island  soon 
after  the  death  of  his  father  Theodoro,  in  1636 


(of  whose  monumental  tablet  in  Llandulph  Church, 
Cornwall,  there  is  an  account  in  Archceologia). 
It  seems  that  the  family  of  his  mother,  Balls,  had 
property  in  Barbadoes.  His  name  occurs  in  re- 
cords there  as  having  held  various  parochial  and 
municipal  offices  from  the  year  1649  till  1669. 
He  was  buried  October  3,  1 678,  under  the  title  of 
Lieut.  Ferdinando  Paleologus  ;  and  his  will,  dated 
26th  September,  1670,  was  proved  4th  January, 
1680.  In  it  he  mentions  his  wife  Rebecca,  and 
his  son  Theodorius,  who  was  then  young,  and 
who  died  apparently  soon  after ;  his  widow  then 
succeeding  to  all  his  property.  He  probably  had 
no  other  children.  His  sisters  Mary  and  Dorothy 
Arundell  have  also  small  legacies  left  to  them. 

W.  C.  TBEVELYAN. 

Rev.  Dr.  Scott  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  35.).  —  Your  cor- 
respondent C.  H.  D.  applies  for  a  biography  of  the 
reverend  gentleman,  and  mentions  him  as  author 
of  the  Characters  of  the  Commons  of  Ireland,  at 
the  time  of  the  defunction  of  that  assembly  at  the 
termination  of  the  year  1800. 

Although  I  cannot  entirely  solve  the  Query  of 
C.  H.  D.,  yet  I  think  the  following  statement  will 
throw  so  much  light -upon  it,  that  some  corre- 
spondent of  "  N.  &  Q."  in  Ireland  will  be  enabled 
to  do  so.  In  the  summer  of  1811 1  was  encamped 
with  a  regiment  upon  Bagshot  Heath,  and  upon 
taking  the  ground  we  made  inquiry  for  a  clergy- 
man to  officiate  to  the  soldiers  on  Sundays.  The 
neighbouring  clergy  were  fully  employed,  and  we 
were  obliged  to  send  to  Farnham  in  Surrey,  a 
distance  of  ten  or  twelve  miles,  where  we  pro- 
cured the  assistance  of  this  reverend  gentleman. 
He  was,  I  should  suppose,  about  fifty-five,  had  a 
powerful  voice,  though  his  articulation  was  not 
very  distinct.  He  gave  us  three  sermons  extem- 
porally,  on  three  successive  Sundays,  on  one 
text,  Acts  xxvi.  28.,  "  Then  Agrippa  said  unto 
Paul,  Almost  thou  persuadest  me  to  be  a  Christian." 
I  can  well  recollect  the  effect  his  discourses  had 
upon  his  auditors,  and  I  never  knew  greater  at- 
tention paid  to  any  one's  preaching,  so  admirable 
were  his  sermons.  The  late  Lord  de  Clifford,  as 
lieut.-colonel,  commanded  the  regiment,  and  Dr. 
Scott  gave  him  a  copy  of  his  work  above  men- 
tioned. I  read  it,  and  was  much  gratified  with 
the  perusal;  and  there  was  one  thing  which  par- 
ticularly struck  me,  that  among  such  a  host  of 
memoirs,  Dr.  Scott  never  in  his  descriptions  intro- 
duced two  characters  in  a  similar  way,  and  I  never 
saw  so  much  variety  of  style  in  any  work  of  the 
kind.  The  reverend  gentleman  was  then  (in 
1811)  tutor  to  the  sons  of  Sir  Nelson  Rycroft, 
Bart.,  at  Farnham.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  the 
exact  title  of  Dr.  Scott's  book.  A. 

Ranulph  Crewe's  Geographical  Drawings 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  65.).  —  If  CESTEIENSIS  will  refer  to 
Fuller's  Worthies  (vol.  i.  p.  193.,  Nichols's  edit.), 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


135 


he  will  find  the  authority  for  Dr.  Gower's  state- 
ment, which  is  given  by  the  latter  loosely  and 
without  acknowledgment.  Fuller  only  mentions 
a  map  of  Cheshire,  drawn  "  so  exactly  with  his 
pen,  that  a  judicious  eye  would  mistake  it  for 
printing,  and  the  graver's  skill  and  industry  could 
little  improve  it." 

An  engraving  from  this  drawing  will  be  found 
in  King's  Vale  Royal  (1656),  at  p.  3.  of  Webb's 
portion.  It  is  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  the 
amateur  artist  mentioned,  "  qui  bane  totius  Cestrie 
mappam  suo  calamo  designavit,  et  designatam  suis 
sumptibus  exaravit."  LANCASTRIENSIS. 

"  To  lie  at  the  Catch "  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  56. ;  Vol. 
vii.,  p.  132.).  —  Your  correspondent  M.  D.  seems 
somewhat  at  a  loss  for  the  meaning  of  this  ex- 
pression, as  used  by  Bunyan.  It  appears  to  me 
that  the  meaning  is,  as  we  should  say  at  the 
present  day,  "  You  are  trying  to  catch  me  trip- 
ping ; "  or,  as  you  have  stated  in  your  explanation, 
"  You  are  trying  to  put  a  trick  upon  me,  so  as 
to  place  me  in  a  false  position."  I  think  it  not 
unlikely  that  the  figure  is  derived  from  the  position 
of  the  fowler,  lying  perdu,  with  the  cord  in  his 
hand  ready  to  close  the  spring  or  net  upon  the 
unwary  bird.  There  is  a  curious  picture  in  the 
Pia  Desideria  of  Herman  Hugo  (from  which 
Quarles  copied  most  of  his  emblems),  representing 
Death  lying  "  on  the  catch,"  and  inclosing  the 
worldly-minded  man  in  his  net, —  Psalm  xviii.  4., 
"The  snares  of  death  overtook  me,"  being  the 
motto  under  the  picture.  HENRY  T.  RII.EY. 

The  Herodians  (Vol.  x.,  p.  9.). — Very  little  is 
known  of  the  Herodians,  as  they  are  only  slightly 
mentioned  in  the  Gospels,  and  do  not  appear  at 
all  irt  Josephus.  Prideaux  (Connection,  vol.  ii. 
p.  396.,  Oxford,  1838)  supposes  them  to  have 
been  a  religious  sect  favouring  Herod,  who  wil- 
lingly paid  the  Roman  tribute,  and  complied  with 
him  in  many  heathen  customs.  The  following 
list  of  ancient  authors,  who  give  any  account  of 
the  Herodians,  is  recorded  in  Greswell\ .Harmony 
of  the  Gospels,  vol.  ii.  p.  323. : 

"  Epiphan.  Oper.  i.  45. 
Cbrysostom.  Oper.  vii.  687.  A.  B.  in  Matthaaum  Homilia, 

Ixx.  1. 

,  Theophylact.  Oper.  i.  119.  B.  in  Matt.  xxii. 
Ibid.  186.  D.  E.  in  Marc.  iii. 

Ibid.  211.  B.  in  Marc.  viii. 

Ibid.  236.  C.  in  Marc,  xii." 

F.jM.  MlDDLETON. 

"For  he  that  fights  and  runs  away"  fyc.  (Vol. 
vii.,  pp.  298.  346.).  —  You  are  certainly  mistaken 
in  withdrawing  your  assertion  that  these  lines  are 
in  the  Musarum  Delicice  of  Sir  John  Mennis,  1656. 
There  was  a  copy  of  this  work  in  Sion  College 
Library,  and  I  have  a  distinct  recollection  of 
searching  for  these  lines  in  1841,  and  in  that  copy 


I  found  them.     I  presume  that  it  is  to  be  found 
there  still.  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Irish  Characters  on  the  Stage  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  356.). 
—  I  would  refer  your  facetious  correspondent 
PHILOBIBLION  (who  inquires,  by  the  bye,  whe- 
ther Shakspeare  was  an  Irishman)  to  the  Twin 
Rivals,  by  Farquhar,  where  Teague,  an  Irish  foot- 
man, is  introduced,  with  a  patois  very  much  re- 
sembling that  of  the  low  Jew  of  the  present  day ; 
and  Love  and  a  Bottle,  by  the  same  author,  where 
Roebuck,  an  Irish  gentleman,  figures,  but  speaks 
respectable  English.  I  do  not  at  this  moment 
recollect  any  others  of  the  old  plays  in  which  the 
"  Dear  joys "  (as  Tom  Brown  and  Fred  Ward 
delight  to  call  the  Irish)  are  introduced. 

HENRY  T.  RIJLEY. 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  324. 
575.). — The  Rev.  John  Henry  Newman,  who  has 
since  separated  from  our  Church,  in  his  Essay 
on  Miracles,  p.  clxxxviii.,  prefixed  to  the  first 
volume  of  his  translation  of  Fleury,  refers  to  the 
discovery  of  the  relics  of  SS.  Gervasius  and  Pro- 
tasius,  and  the  miracles  wrought  by  them ;  a  fact 
that  completely  fulfilled  Leslie's  "four  condi- 
tions." WIU.IAM  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Black  Rat  (Vol.  x.,  p.  37.).  —  It  may  interest 
one  of  your  correspondents,  MR.  WADDINGTON,  to 
know  that  Bristol  is  said  to  be  the  last  stronghold 
of  the  black  rat.  It  is,  I  believe,  about  ten  years 
since  they  have  been  extinct.  Their  last  refuge 
was  in  the  great  sewer  of  that  city.  J.  J.  C. 

View  of  Dumfries  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  516.). — Having 
examined  Gough's  collections  of  topographical 
prints  in  the  Bodleian  (as  well  as  such  volumes  in 
the  portion  of  the  Gough  library  which  relates  to 
Scotland,  as  appeared  likely  to  reward  the  search), 
I  beg  to  inform  BALIVUS  that  no  such  engraving 
as  that  respecting  which  he  inquires  can  be  found 
amongst  them.  W.  D.  MACRAY. 

New  College. 

Chaucer  and  Mr.  Emerson  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  356.). — 
Is  an  OXFORD  B.  C.  L.  correct  in  his  quotation 
from  Emerson's  Representative  Men  ?  "  Chaucer, 
it  seems,  drew  continually,  through  Lydgate  and 
Caxton,  from  Guido  di  Colon  n  a,"  &c.  If  so,  it 
passes  my  comprehension  how  Chaucer  could  draw 
from  Caxton,  who  was  born  about  twelve  years 
after  Chaucer's  death,  or  even  from  Lydgate,  who 
was  probably  about  twenty-five  years  of  age  at 
that  period,  and  unknown  as  a  poet.  I  trust, 
for  the  credit  of  literature,  that  Mr.  Emerson 
never  penned  such  nonsense  as  this,  and  more 
especially  when  engaged  in  so  arduous  an  under- 
taking as  destroying  old  Geoffrey's  reputation  as 
the  father  of  English  poesy.  He  might  just  as 
well  attempt  to  bombard  Sebastopol  with  oranges 
or  tennis-balls.  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 


136 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  250. 


Myrtle  Bee  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  205.  &c.).  —  In  re- 
ference to  the  above  subject,  I  beg  to  observe, 
that  I  inspected  a  specimen  of  the  hawk-moth  a 
few  days  since  at  the  British  Museum ;  and  far- 
ther to  assure  MB.  W.  HAZEL  that  no  two  animals 
are  more  dissimilar  than  it  and  the  myrtle  bee  — 
the  one  being  distinctly  an  insect,  and  the  other  a 
bird ;  in  fact,  due  allowance  being  made  for  dis- 
parity in  size,  no  more  similarity  exists  than  be- 
tween a  butterfly  and  blackbird.  The  cause  of 
my  having  so  minutely  inspected  the  so-called 
myrtle  bee  is  stated  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  205.,  to  which 
I  beg  MR.  HAZEL'S  attention.  At  that  time  it  was, 
and  still  is,  out  of  my  power  to  answer  MR.  SAL- 
MON'S Query,  as  to  its  size  compared  with  the 
golden-crested  wren, — never  having  had  one  in 
my  hand,  or  even  seen  one  ;  yet,  strange  enough, 
I  am  informed  that  it  is  common  within  two  miles 
of  this  place  (Egham,  Surrey)  ;  and  as  soon  as  I 
procure  a  specimen  I  shall  reply  to  MR.  SALMON'S 
Query,  being  desirous  of  affording  all  the  inform- 
ation in  my  power  on  the  subject.  C.  BROWN. 

I  was  staying  at  the  house  of  a  friend  at  Uff- 
culme,  near  Cullompton,  in  July  last  year  (1853)  : 
and  one  day  as  I  was  standing  near  the  porch, 
which  was  overgrown  with  honeysuckle,  my  atten- 
tion was  attracted  by  the  appearance  of  a  humming- 
bird, as  it  appeared,  hovering  over  the  flowers. 
It  visited  different  blossoms  in  succession,  hover- 
ing near  them,  and  extracting  the  honey  without 
alighting,  by  means  of  a  long  proboscis,  as  un- 
doubted humming-birds  are  described  to  do.  I 
have  seen  humming-birds  in  North  America,  but 
not  so  small  as  this,  which  was  no  larger  than  the 
minute  kinds  of  the  torrid  zone.  The  body  of  it 
may  have  been  about  an  inch  and  a  halt'  long. 
Being  anxious  to  secure  so  great  a  prize  before  it 
should  leave  the  spot,  I  approached  cautiously, 
and  made  a  blow  at  it  with  the  stick  I  held  in  my 
hand.  I  struck  it  hard  and  full ;  for  I  felt  the 
blow  I  gave,  and  heard  the  sound.  It  fell  upon 
the  path  ;  but  it  instantly  darted  away  sideways  a 
yard  or  more  into  a  flower-bed.  For  lialf  an  hour 
I  hunted  diligently,  and  was  assisted  by  others 
who  witnessed  the  occurrence  ;  but  although  the 
search  was  assiduously  made,  and  renewed  after- 
wards, we  never  could  find  the  little  creature. 
The  whole  circumstance  only  occupied  a  few 
second*,  so  that  there  was  not  much  time  for  ob- 
servation. To  the  best  of  my  recollection,  it  was 
dark  brown  in  colour — that,  is,  the  upper  part, 
which  alone  is  what  I  remember  seeing  ;  the  beak, 
or  proboscis,  tapering  away  from  the  head,  and 
about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  body.  I  thought 
I  heard  the  sound  of  the  wings,  and  the  tone  ap- 
peared to  resemble  that  of  the  whirr  produced  by 
feathered  animals  —  such,  for  instance,  as  that  of 
sparrows  in  their  flight.  This  peculiar  whirr  im- 
pressed me  with  the  idea  that  the  little  creature 


was  a  genuine  bird,  covered  with  feathers  ;  but  I 
may  have  been  mistaken.  Query,  What  could 
this  have  been  ?  Was  it  a  humming-bird,  or  the 


PETER  HUTCHINSON. 


hawk- moth  ? 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Every  student  of  Shakspeare  will  feel  grateful  to  Mr. . 
Lettsom  for  the  addition  which  he  has  made  to  the  nu- 
merous works  already  existing  devoted  to  the  illustration 
of  the  poet's  writings,  by  the  publication  of  Shakspeare's 
Versification  and  its  apparent  Irregularities,  explained  by 
Examples  from  Early  and  Late  English  Writers,  by  the  late 
William  Sidney  Walker.  The  object  of  this  work  is  a 
very  simple  one,  but  one  for  which  the  late  Mr.  Walker, 
from  his  profound  classical  knowledge,  deep  poetical 
feeling,  and  discriminating  intellect,  was  peculiarly  fitted 
to  accomplish.  Mr.  Walker  assumes  that  the  reader  is 
familiar  with  the  rules  of  modern  English  verse,  and  then 
enumerates  the  points  of  difference  between  Shakspeare 
and  his  cotemporaries  on  the  one  hand,  and  their  successors 
on  the  other.  He  considers  in  sixty  distinct  articles  the 
essential  characteristics  of  the  old  versification,  and  when 
the  latter  differs  from  that  to  which  we  are  accustomed, 
he  explains  how  far  such  differences  may  be  attributed  to 
the  custom  of  the  age,  how/ar  to  changes" in  pronunciation, 
and  how  far  to  corruptions  of  the  text.  This  brief  de- 
scription of  the  book  and  its  object  will  be  sufficient  to 
awaken  attention  to  this  little  volume,  which  is  one  "  lack- 
ing which  "  no  Shakspearian  library  can  be  complete. 

The  History  of  Magic,  by  Joseph  Ennemoser,  translated 
from  the  German  by  William  Howitt;  to  which  is  added  an 
Appendix  of  the  most  remarkable  and  best  authenticated 
Stories  of  Apparitions,  Dreams,  Second  Sight,  Somnambu- 
lism, Predictions,  Divinations,  Witchcraft,  Vampires, 
Fairies,  Table- turning,  and  Spirit-rapping,  selected  by 
Mary  Howitt,  is  the  title  of  two  volumes  recently  issued 
by  Bohn  in  his  Scientific  Library,  in  which  the'  author 
treats  of  those  remarkable  phenomena  and  uncommon 
effects  which  have  certainly  hitherto  been  looked  upon  as 
mere  phantoms,  or  belonging  to  a  sphere  quite  uncon- 
nected with  nature,  but  which  nevertheless  are  a  portion 
of  history,  and  on  that,  as  well  as  on  other  and  higher 
grounds,  of  universal  interest.  It  says  something  for  the 
better  spirit  in  which  works  which  treat  of  the  marvel- 
lous and  inexplicable  are  now  received,  that  the  present 
volumes  should  find  a  place  in  a  scientific  library. 

By  the  publication  of  the  eighth  volume,  which  is  de- 
voted to  the  life  of  Queen  Anne,  who  is  obviously  very 
far  from  a  favourite  with  her  biographer,  Mr.  Colburo, 
has  completed  his  cheap  edition  of  Miss  Strickland's  Lives 
of  the  Queens  of  England.  We  might  indeed  speak  of 
this  edition  as  the  best  as  well  as  the  cheapest:  for  it  has 
not  only  been  carefully  revised,  but  is  accompanied  by  a 
most  full  and  well-arranged  Index,  which  gives  great 
additional  value  to  the  work. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED, —  Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  of  the 
Roman  Empire,  edited  by  Dr.  William  Smith.  The  fourth 
volume  of  this  handsome  library  edition  of  Gibbon,  form- 
ing this  month's  issue  of  Murray's  British  Classics.  — 
Messrs.  Longman's  Traveller's  Library,  Parts  LXV.  and 
LXVI.,  are  devoted  to  Lain^'s  Notes  of  a  Traveller  on  the 
Social  and  Political  State  of  France,  Russia,  Switzerland, 
Italy,  and  other  Parts  of  Europe  during  the  present  Century, 
in  which  this  observant  and  intelligent  traveller  has 
attempted  to  collect  materials  for  the  future  historian  of 
the  new  social  elements  in  Europe  which  are  springing 
up  from  and  covering  the  ashes  of  the  French  Revolution. 


AUG.  12.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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ta 


E.  S.  (Philadelphia),  who  inquires  where  the  passage  "  The  tongue  is 
an  unruly  member  "  is  to  be  found,  teaming  us  that  it  is  not  found  in 
Holy  Writ,  as  most  people  imagine,  must  surely  have  overlooked  the  3rd 
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in  question. 

X  .  Y  .  Z  .    The  lines  quoted  in  a  morning  paper  occur  in  Prior's  ballad. 
"  The  Thief  and  the  Cordelier."     We  subjoin  the  correct  reading  : 
**  No  •'  fitted  the  halter,  now  travers'd  the  cart, 
And  often  took  leave,  but  was  loth  to  depart." 

IVICA.  Our  Correspondent  is  mistaken  in  his  conjecture  that,  in  any 
complete  version  of  the  Bible,  the  Hebrew  word  for  God  is  printed 
Eloahim.  He  may  probably  have  seen  Julius  Bate's  Translation  of  the 
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Replies  to  other  Correspondents  in  our  next. 

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"T.  BALCH"  at  the  end  of  the  communications;  p.  522.  col.  2.,  for 
"  Wilkesbury  "  read  "  Wilkesbarre."  This  is  the  county  town  of  Lu- 
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THE  TREE  ROSE.  —PRAC- 
TICAL  INSTRUCTIONS    FOR    ITS 
FORMATION    AND     CULTURE.      Illus- 
trated by  24  Woodcuts. 

Reprinted  from  the  Gardener?  Chronicle,  with 
additions. 


Annual  pruning  time,  principle  of  execution, 

Sec. 

Binding  up 
Budding  knife 
Budding,  time  of  year,  day,  time  of  day,  state 

of  the  plant,  care  of  buds 
Budding  upon  body 
Bu<1,  insertion  of,  into  stock 
Bud,  preparation  of,  for  use 
Buds,  dormant  and  pushing 
Buds,  failing 

Buds,  securing  a  supply  of 
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Causes  of  success 
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plained 

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March  pruning 
Mixture  for  healing  wounds 
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Pruning  for  transplantation 
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from 

Roses,  different  sorts  on  the  same  stock 
Roses,  short  list  of  desirable  sorts  for  budding 

with  a  pushing  eye 
Sap-bud,  treatment  of 
Shape  of  trees 
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Shoots  for  budding  upon,  and  their  arrange- 

ment 

Shoots,  keeping  even,  and  removing  thorns 
Shortening  wild  shoots 
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(Jrafting,  advantage  of 

Grafting,  disadvantage  of 

Operation  in  different  months 

Preliminary  observations 

Roses,  catalogue  and  brief  description  of  a  few 

sorts 

Scion,  preparation  and  insertion  of 
Scions,  choice  and  arrangement  of 
Stock,  preparation  of 

APPENDIX. 

A  selection  of  varieties 

Comparison  between  budding  and  grafting. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

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ron 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 


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No.  251.] 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  19.  1854. 


{Price  Fourpence. 
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CONTENTS. 

Nona :  —  Page 

The  Inquisition,  by  B.  B.  Wiffen  -  137 
Memoirs  of  Grammont  :  the  Count  de 

Matta,  by  W .  H.  Lammin       -           -  138 

Venerable  Bede      -          -          -          -  139 

Plurality  of  Worlds          -          -           -  140 
Church-building   and  Restoration  du- 
ring the  Years  1844  to  1854,  by  Thomas 

Collis 140 

Abductions  in  Ireland      -          -          -  141 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —Correction  of  an  Error 
in  Sir  Edward  Coke's  Genealogy  — 
Oblige  pronounced  Obleege — Cuckolds, 
Epigram  on— Pope's  "  Ethic  Epistles  "  142 

QUERIES  :  — 

The  Collier's  Creed          -          -          -  143 

Queries  on  the  "  Fairy  Queen  "  -  143 

General  Washington  and  Dr.  Gordon, 

byS.W.Rix      -          -          -          -  144 

MINOR  QUERIES:  — Huntingdon  Witch- 
craft Lecture  —  "  Bi bliotheca  Hiber- 
nicana" —  Genealogical  —  Capture  of 
the  Spanish  Treasure-frigates  in  1804 

—  Registration  Act  —  Dr .    South  on 
Extempore  Prayers — "  Never  more," 
&c.  —  "  Trafalgar,"  &c.  —  Murray  of 
Broughton  —  English  Words  derived 
from  the  Saxon  —  Artificial  Breeding 
of  Salmon  from  Spawn — The  Russian 
Language  —  Orangeism  —  Fraser  — 
"  Church  and  Queen"  —  St.  Cyprian's, 
Ugbrooke  —  The  Cardinal  De  Rohan 

—  Coleridge's    unpublished    MSS.  —         . 
Croyland,  its  Epithets— The  Fashion 

of  Brittany  —  Sir  Peter  Temple— 
"Manual  of  Devout  Prayers"  — 
Church  of  St.  Nicholas  within-the- 
walls,  Dublin  —  Age  of  Oaks  —  Phos- 
phoric Light  _  Prophecies  respecting 
Constantinople  -  144 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Prohibition  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Maurice 
(about  1721)  — London  Topographical 
Queries  —Archbishop  Heiring—  Wil- 
liam III.  and  Cooper  —  Cennick's 
Hymns  -  -  .  -  147 

REPLIES  :  — 

"  The  Dunciad,"  by  P.  H .  Fisher,  &c .  148 
Longevity,  by  T.Balch,  &c.  -  -  149 
Morgan  udoherty  -  -  -  -  150 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :— Mr. 
Lyte's Instantaneous  Process — Fading 
of  Positives  -  -  -  -  151 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Ra- 
phael's Cartoons  —  "Forgive,  blest 
shade  "  —  Sepulchral  Monuments  — 
Dr.  Reid  and  lx>rd  Brougham  v. 
Bishop  Berkeley  and  Home  Tooke  — 
Canker  or  Briar-rose  —  Haemony  — 
Mantel-piece  —  Story  of  Coleridge  — 
MiscellaneousManuscripts— Armorial 

—  Water-cure  in  the  last  Century  — 
Iris  and  Lily  —  Proxies  for    absent 
Sponsors  — Rous,  Provost  of  Eton,  &c.     152 

MISCELLANEOUS  : — 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  19,  1854. 


THE   INQUISITION. 

(Concluded  from  p.  122.) 

To  substitute  truth  for  fiction,  we  may  here 
give  a  more  trustworthy  statement  than  that  be- 
fore quoted.  It  is  from  a  gentleman  who  really 
inspected  this  house  of  the  Inquisition  at  Madrid 
in  March,  1820,  when  that  evil  sanhedrim  was 
legally  suppressed.  The  relator,  an  eye-witness, 
was  no  inventor  of  marvellous  and  doleful  stories 
to  defame  it ;  neither  had  he,  we  may  be  sure, 
asked  for  its  restitution,  like  the  Duke  de  Bailen. 
His  account  is  as  follows : 

"  At  the  change  of  the  absolute  government  of  Fer- 
dinand VII.  for  the  constitutional  rule  of  the  Cortes,  on 
the  7th  of  March,  1820,  the  Tribunal  of  the  Inquisition 
•was  legally  suppressed.  The  people  of  Madrid,  more 
from  curiosity  than  a  well-judging  hatred,  nocked  in  a 
crowd  to  see  and  examine  the  building.  It  was  found  in 
the  street  known  by  its  odious  name,  entering  by  the 
right-hand  from  the  Plazuela  de  San  Domingo,  commu- 
nicating at  the  back  with  the  Dominican  Convent  Del 
Eosario  in  the  Calle  ancha  de  San  Bernardo,  that  leads 
to  the  gate  of  Fuencaral,  without  which  was  the  Quema- 
dero,  or  burning  place.  There  was  a  communication  from 
the  building  to  the  Dominican  Convent  by  a  subterra- 
neous passage,  as  appeared  by  that  we  passed  through. 
Whether  inquisitorial  cruelty  had  been  less  active  since 
1814,  than  before  the  French  invasion,  or  that  the  instru- 
ments of  torture  had  been  removed,  the  fact  was,  that 
nothing  was  now  found  except  traces  which  proved  the 
use  of  them. 

"  By  the  recommendation  of  Don  Kodrigo  de  Aranda, 
second  alcaide  at  that  time,  who  was  commissioned  to 
collect  the  effects,  books,  and  papers  remaining  there, 
torches  were  provided  to  enable  us  to  penetrate  the  dark- 
ness of  the  passages  below  ground.  Externally,  the 
building  presented  nothing  remarkable.  We  went  in  from 
the  street  by  a  large  gateway ;  a  little  to  the  right  was 
the  door  of  entrance,  large  and  massive,  approached  by 
five  or  six  stone  steps.  Crossing  a  short,  wide,  and  dark 
passage,  and  descending  more  steps  than  were  at  the  first 
door,  we  came  out  into  a  large  patio,  or  inner  court,  with- 
out corredores  round  it,  as  are  usual  in  such  cases.  Access 
was  reached  to  the  first  floor  by  several  staircases,  some 
wide,  some  narrow,  that,  by  intricate  communications 
one  with  another,  led,  some  to  the  halls  of  the  Tribunal, 
and  some  to  the  places  of  imprisonment.  Here  these,  in 
general,  were  roomy;  with  lofty  ceilings  and  windows 
more  than  two  feet  square,  placed'at  a  considerable  height 
from  the  floor.  Every  prison  had  a  very  solid  outer  door, 
braced  with  strong  ironwork.  When  these  were  opened, 
a  small  cell  about  four  feet  square  was  found  within  the 
apartment,  formed  of  solid  masonry.  In  the  right-hand 
wall  of  this  was  a  grating  of  strong  iron  bars  about  an 
inch  square ;  and  opposite  the  first  door  of  entrance  was 
another  very  solid  door  with  a  similar  iron  grating.  By 
this  means  the  jailor,  by  only  opening  the  first  door, 
could  review  everything  within  the  whole  circle  of  the 
apartment.  These  were  distinguished  by  the  names  of 
certain  prisoners  who  had  been  confined" in  them;  such 
as  Friar's  Prison,  the  Beata  Clara's,  Juan  Tan  Halen's, 
and  others. 


"  Returned  to  the  ground-floor  in  order  to  descend  to 

the  vaults,  the  Senora  Marquesa  de  B shrank  back  in 

terror ;  but  the  flambeaux  being  lighted  by  her  footman, 
and  again  reassured,  we  descended  above  thirty  steps, 
and  found  ourselves  in  an  apartment  some  twenty  feet 
square ;  entirely  empty,  and  dimly  lighted  by  a  sky-light 
from  the  ground  of  the  patio,  or  inner  court.  The  floor  was 
firm  and  level ;  but  perceiving  halfway  along  the  wall, 
where  the  light  from  the  court  struck  upon  it,  a  moveable 
part,  we  examined  the  spot  by  the  light  of  the  torches ; 
and  found  at  the  height  of  some  seven  feet  from  the  floor, 
two  large  wooden  plugs  firmly  bedded  in  the  wall  in'  a 
line  with  each  other.  In  one  of  them  a  large  iron  ring, 
much  rusted,  of  the  thickness  of  a  finger,  still  remained. 
The  inference  is,  that  it  was  a  kind  of  torture,  by  fixing 
the  wrists  of  the  victim  to  the  two  rings,  and  removing 
the  part  of  the  floor  below,  so  as  not  to  be  able  to  feel  his 
feet  at  that  height,  he  would  be  left  suspended  by  the 
wrists.  After  examining  several  other  apartments  con- 
taining nothing  worthy  of  notice,  we  entered  cne  through 
a  breach  that  we  found  made  through  the  thick  masonry 
of  the  entrance  cell,  such  as  before  described  in  the  upper 
prisons.  This  was  a  very  roomy  parallelogram,  and  its 
floor,  although  tolerably  firm,  was  very  damp ;  so  much 
so,  that  we  thrust  a  walking-stick  into  it,  without  any 
great  force,  up  to  the  handle,  and  drew  it  out  whitened  as 
though  it  had  passed  through  moist  chalk.  Opposite  the 
place  we  entered  stood  an  altar;  the  whole  square  shaft 
of  it,  and  the  step  below,  of  yellow  marble ;  and  on  the 
steps  were  many  droppings  from  wax  candles.  We  could 
find  no  image,  crucifix,  or  painting  of  any  kind,  nor  aper- 
ture where  this  vault  could  have  received  light,  nor  could 
we  discover  the  proper  entrance  to  it.  On  the  point  of 
leaving,  we  perceived  a  kind  of  large  window  shutter  at 
one  corner,  about  five  feet  from  the  floor.  It  opened 
without  difficulty,  and  we  found  a  square  space  which  led 
down  to  a  well  or  sunken  shaft.  To  prove  whether  it  was 
so,  we  rolled  a  fragment  of  masonry  into  it.  It  returned 
no  splash  of  water,  but  a  heavy  sound  like  a  blow  upon, 
wood,  followed  by  a  lengthened  creaking  noise,  as  if  of  a 
trap-door  opened  reluctantly.  Withdrawing  from  this 
frightful  spot,  the  footman,  who  carried  the  torches, 
picked  up  a  rib  of  metal  from  the  floor,  one  of  the  pair 
that  form  the  compass  legs  of  a  lady's  fan,  by  which  it  is 
opened  and  folded.  The  metal  was  so  corroded,  that  it 
crumbled  between  the  fingers.  A  singular  thing  to  find 
in  such  a  place,  having  no  communication  from  the  street 
or  from  the  inner  court.  Leaving  this  dismal  part  of  the 
edifice,  we  took  a  staircase,  that  after  a  descent  of  twenty 
steps,  ended  in  a  passage  about  a  yard  wide,  and  some- 
thing like  forty  feet  long ;  terminating  in  another  shorter 
one  that  formed  with  this  a  cross,  or  head-line  of  the 
letter  T.  In  the  left-hand  ami  of  this  cross  was  a  largo 
square  funnel ;  on  the  upper  part  of  it,  on  each  side,  were 
fixed  iron  spikes,  in  the  manner  that  gardeners  call  quin- 
cunx. The  damp  and  dullness  of  this  underground  vault 
were  most  distressing  to  our  feelings ;  and  fearing  that 
the  torches  might  become  extinguished,  and  ourselves 
left  in  total  darkness,  we  hastened  back  by  the  passage 
through  which  we  entered;  noticing  that  in  this  passage 
there  were  on  each  side  recesses,  or  very  narrow  cells,  the 
frames  of  the  doorways  alone  remaining.  We  found  by  a 
plumbline,  sunk  from  stage  to  stage,  that  these  fearful 
and  noisome  cells  were  fifty  feet  below  the  ground  of  the 
principal  court." 

This  is  'the  record  of  the  house  of  the  Inquisi- 
tion at  Madrid  from  the  remembrance,  after  the 
lapse  of  thirty  years,  of  one  whose  character  and 
simple  manners  avouch  its  credibility  ;  and  whose 
name,  if  it  might  be  given,  would  confirm  it. 


138 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


Several  of  the  authors  of  the  volumes,  useful 
and  instructive  as  they  are  in  their  general  sub- 
ject, into  whose  pages  the  story  has  found  an  in- 
troduction, have,  we  are  fully  persuaded,  no  wish 
to  mislead  or  merely  amuse  their  readers  with  a 
romantic  fiction  ;  and  we  can  suppose  that  a  nar- 
rative concerning  an  institution  so  mysteriously 
shrouded  as  that  of  the  Inquisition,  might  not 
without  some  apparent  reason,  though  incauti- 
ously and  without  examination,  be  taken  up  by 
them.  Still  they  furnish  the  advocates  of  intoler- 
ance with  a  ready  argument  against  the  reception 
of  what  can  be  authentically  proved ;  they  divert 
the  mind  from  the  apprehension  of  larger  wrongs 
than  those  of  individual  suffering,  shocking  as  they 
are ;  they  hold  forth  a  false  security,  that  this 
evil  was  destroyed,  which  is  even  now  weaving  its 
toils  anew.  That  thundercloud  still  threatens 
•which  has  for  three  long  centuries  shaded  the  best 
genius  of  whole  nations  in  religion,  in  social  arts, 
in  practical  science ;  and  they,  the  brightest  peo- 
ple in  Europe.  Its  influence  through  successive 
generations  has  inflicted  a  bad  instinct  upon  a 
race,  —  the  instinct  of  mistrust  between  rulers  and 
people,  priest  and  worshipper,  man  and  man — 
even  between  the  nearest  ties  of  relationship ;  and 
isolating  man,  prevents  co-operation  and  reliance 
on  one  another  in  spontaneous  combinations  for 
mutual  benefit.  It  has  destroy ed  faith  in  a  double 
sense.  That  motive  or  principle,  formed  of  free 
and  willing  belief,  and  complete  and  spontaneous 
trust  of  the  whole  mind,  which  when  exercised  in 
religion  we  c&\\  faith,  when  applied  to  the  physical 
sciences  has,  through  confidence  and  co-operation, 
formed  railways,  tunneled  rivers,  bored  through 
mountains,  and  despatched  our  very  words  and 
wishes  on  the  wings  of  lightning.  It  is  one  of  the 
lasting  and  greatest  crimes  of  the  Inquisition, 
that  it  has  destroyed  this  principle  in  countries 
where  its  power  prevailed ;  and  it  may  be  evi- 
dent to  any  one,  that  this  must  remain  the  latest 
among  the  Christian  commonwealth,  to  exercise 
native  invention,  and  to  apply  it  in  the  triumph 
of  mind  over  matter  for  their  own  and  the  world's 
incalculable  advantage.  B.  B.  WIFFEN. 


MEMOIRS   OF   GRAMMONT  :    THE    COUNT    DE   MATTA. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  461.  549. ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  3.  204.  356. 
583.) 

"Ce  meme  Matha  £tait  un  garcon  d'esprit  infiniment 
nature!,  et  par-la  de  la  meilleure  compagnie  du  monde." — 
Madame  de  Caylus. 

Any  future  edition  of  these  Memoirs  will  be  in- 
complete without  some  better  notice  of  the  frank 
and  gallant  Matta,  than  that  he  "  is  said  to  have 
been  of  the  house  of  Bourdeille,  which  had  the 
honour  to  produce  Brantome  and  Montresor." 


The  family  of  Bourdeille  is  very  ancient  and 
honourable.  In  1198  a  Jean  de  Matha  founded 
the  order  for  redemption  of  the  captives,  and  in 
1212  he  was  associated  with  Hugh  Count  de  Ver- 
mandois  in  founding  the  order  of  the  Mathurins. 

The  Counts  de  Mastas,  Mathas,  Matha,  Matta, 
or  Mata,  as  the  name  is  variously  written,  of  our 
hero's  family  were  a  younger  branch  of  the  house 
of  Bourdeille.  Brantome  was  the  uncle  of  Matta's 
father,  and  Claude  de  Bourdeille,  Count  de  Mon- 
tresor, was  also  a  grand  nephew  of  Brantome. 

The  earliest  title  of  the  family  of  Bourdeille 
was  that  of  Baron,  and  they  claimed  to  be  the 
first  in  rank  of  the  four  barons  of  the  province  of 
Perigord.  The  title  of  Mastas  came  into  the 
family  by  the  marriage  of  Andre,  Viscount  de 
Bourdeille,  the  eldest  brother  of  Brantome,  with 
Jacquette,  the  eventual  sole  heiress  of  Francis  de 
Montberon,  Baron  d'Archiac  and  Mastas.  Her 
brother  Rene,  who  was  present  at  her  marriage, 
was  killed  shortly  afterwards  at  the  battle  of 
Gravelines,  in  the  year  1558.  The  Viscount  de 
Bourdeille  had  a  suit  before  the  Parliament  of 
Paris,  with  other  relatives  of  the  family  of  Mont- 
beron, concerning  the"  distribution  of  the  property, 
and  by  an  agreement  with  them  he  obtained  the 
free  burgh  of  Mastas. 

Our  Matta  (as  we  shall  write  the  name  through- 
out) was  the  fifth  of  the  eight  children  of  Claude 
de  Bourdeille,  Baron  de  Mastas,  d'Aumaigne  and 
de  Beaulieu,  and  captain  of  fifty  men  at  arms  of 
the  king's  ordinances,  who  was  himself  the  youngest 
son  of  the  said  Andre,  Viscount  de  Bourdeille,  and 
Jacquette  de  Montberou.  She  by  her  will  devised 
to  Claude,  her  youngest  son,  the  estate  and  barony 
of  Mastas,  in  Xaintonge. 

Matta's  father  was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Royan, 
in  Xaintonge,  on  May  9,  1622,  at  the  age  of  forty- 
eight  years.  He  was  first  wounded  in  the  arm  by 
a  pike,  and  then  slain  outright  by  a  cannon-ball. 
He  had  married,  in  April,  1602,  Marguerite  de 
Breuil,  by  whom  he  had  eight  children,  viz.  1st, 
Claude  de  Bourdeille,  Count  de  Mastas,  who  died 
young ;  2nd,  Henry  Sicaire,  baptized  July  24, 
1610,  who  was  made  a  captain  of  a  new  company 
in  the  regiment  of  Guards  in  1635,  and  was  killed 
the  same  year  at  the  passage  of  the  bridge  of  Bari- 
sur- Seine,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  years  ;  3rd, 
Francis,  styled  the  Seigneur  de  St.  Amand,  Count 
de  Mastas,  who  was  made  captain  in  the  Guards 
in  the  room  of  his  brother ;  he  was  killed  at  the 
combat  and  rout  of  Quiers,  in  Piedmont,  in  1639, 
leading  a  forlorn  hope,  and  was  buried  in  the 
church  of  St.  Amand,  where  his  mother,  by  her 
will,  directed  a  monument  to  be  erected  to  his 
memory;  4th,  Barthelemi,  baptized  on  April  18, 
1613,  succeeded  his  gallant  brothers  as  captain  in 
the  Guards,  and  was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Turin 
in  1640 ;  5th,  our  friend  himself,  of  whom  "here- 
after ;  6th,  Marguerite,  one  of  the  maids  of  honour 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


139 


of  the  queen  mother,  Marie  de  Medicis  :  she  was 
married  on  July  1,  1624,  to  James  de  Broc,  Che- 
valier, Baron  de  St.  Mars,  Sizardiere,  Chemire, 
&c.,  brother  of  Peter  de  Broc  de  Stellars,  Bishop 
of  Auxerre ;  7th,  Louise,  baptized  January  6, 
1615,  who  died  unmarried;  and,  8tb,  Marie,  who 
also  died  unmarried  in  1687. 

Matta,  who  must  have  been  born  in  1614,  is 
thus  described  in  Moreri's  Dictionary : 

"  Charles  de  Bourdeille,  Marquis  of  the  same  and  of 
Archiac,  Baron  de  la  Tour  Blanche  and  de  la  Feuillade, 
Count  de  Mastas,  Seigneur  de  Brantome,  St.  Pardoux,  la 
Kiviere,  of  the  noble  houses  of  Perigueux,"  &c. 

He  succeeded  his  brothers  in  the  command  of 
the  same  company  of  Guards.  He  had  probably, 
from  his  age,  about  twenty-six,  served  some  years 
in  the  army,  as  a  volunteer  or  otherwise,  when 
Grammont  joined  the  forces  at  the  siege  of  Trino. 
They  were  distantly  connected  by  intermarriages 
with  the  family  of  Lauzun. 

Matta  married,  in  April,  1641,  Catherine  de 
Nouveau,  daughter  of  Arnoul  de  Nouveau,  Seig- 
neur de  Fremont,  treasurer  of  the  "  Parties  Ca- 
suelles  "  and  master  of  the  couriers,  superintend- 
ant  and  controller-general  of  the  ports  of  France, 
by  Charlotte  Barthelemi,  his  first  wife.  Matta  had 
an  only  child,  a  daughter,  Louise  de  Bourdeille, 
who  was1  baptized  October  2,  1642,  and  died  un- 
married. 

In  1647  or  1648  Matta  went  to  the  Court,  then 
at  Amiens,  to  thank  Cardinal  Mazarin  for  releas- 
ing his  relative,  the  Count  de  Montresor,  from  the 
Castle  of  Vincennes,  in  which  and  the  Bastille 
Montresor  had  been  imprisoned  for  fourteen 
months  for  mixing  himself  up  with  the  intrigues 
of  the  Duchess  de  Chevereuse.  Matta  also  in- 
quired whether  Montresor  would  be  received  by 
the  cardinal,  who  informed  him  that  Montresor 
would  be  well  received;  whereupon  the  latter 
presented  himself  at  Court. 

As  the  remainder  of  our  materials  cannot  be 
condensed  into  a  space  shorter  than  the  foregoing 
observations,  we  must  leave  them  for  the  subject 
of  a  future  article.  W.  H.  LAMMIN. 

Fulham. 


VENERABLE    BEDE. 

"  Accipe  tuum  calamum,  tempera  et  scribe  velociter." 
Most  of  your  readers  will  recognise  these  as  the 
remarkable  words  addressed  by  Venerable  Bede, 
an  hour  or  so  before  his  death,  to  his  attendant 
Cuthbert.  It  is  amusing  to  see  how  they  have 
puzzled  the  translators.  I  quote  specimens  from 
such  as  I  have  at  hand : 

"  Take  your  pen  and  write  presently." —  Cressy. 
'•'  Take  your  pen,  and  write  fast." — Alb.  Butler. 
"Take  your  pen,  and  write  hastily." — Wright,  Slog. 
Litt. 
"  Take  your  pen  and  write,  only  lose  no  time." — Chvrton. 


"  Take  your  pen,  and  make  ready,  and  write  fast." — 
Giles. 

"  Take  your  pen,  and  mend  it,  and  write  quickly."  — 
Liugard,  Angl.-Sax. 

Not  one  of  these  authors  gives  a  literal  trans- 
lation of  the  words.  Four  of  them  shirk  the 
word  "  tempera"  altogether.  Giles  and  Lingard 
insert  and;  and  the  latter  alone  has  ventured  to 
give  to  the  word  "  tempera"  a  distinct  meaning. 
It  is  clear  that  they  found  some  difficulty  about 
this  word,  arising,  I  suspect,  from  an  idea  that, 
inappropriate  as  it  seems  to  be,  it  must  necessarily 
have  reference  to  the  pen.  Is  it  not  more  pro- 
bable that  it  refers  to  either,  even  of  the  two 
other  requisites  for  quill-writing,  fluid  ink  and 
well-prepared  {parchment  ?  One  is  timid  about  a 
leap  that  so  many  veterans  have  deliberately 
looked  at,  and  declined  ;  but  the  field  will  be  dis- 
graced, if  no  one  has  courage  to  "  go  at  it."  What 
think  you  of  the  following  contribution  to  the 
list  I  have  furnished  you  with  ? 

"  Take  your  pen,  dilute  (the  ink),  and  write  quill,"  or 
"Take  your  pen,  moisten  (the  parchment),  and  write 
quill." 

On  the  latter  supposition,  moisten  or  soften  would 
be  equally  admissible. 

There  is  an  interesting  passage,  bearing  upon 
this  question,  in  one  of  Cicero's  letters  (15  ad 
Quint.  Frat.  lib.  ii.),  from  which  it  appears  that 
his  brother  had  complained  that  his  last  letter 
was  almost  illegible ;  and,  somewhat  in  the  style 
of  our  modern  graphiognomists,  had  speculated 
on  the  circumstances  which  he  supposed  might 
have  occasioned  it ;  all  of  which,  however,  Cicero 
honestly  declines  to  avail  himself  of,  and  frankly 
confesses  that  he  is  habitually  careless  about  his 
writing : 

"  Scribis  te  meas  literas  superiores  vix  legere  potuisse : 
in  quo  nihil  eorum,  mi  frater,  fuit,  quse  putes.  Nequa 
enim  occupatus  eram,  neque  perturbatus,  nee  iratus  alicui : 
sed  hoc  facio  semper,  ut,  quicumque  calamus  in  manus 
meas  venerit,  eo  sic  utar,  tanquam  bono." 

Of  course  he  makes  a  magnificent  promise  to  be 
more  careful  for  the  future. 

"  Calamo,  et  atramento  temperato,  charta  etiam  dentata 
res  agetur." 

But  this  passage  is  not  without  its  difficulty 
either.  I  give  the  punctuation  of  my  edition. 
Allen  (art.  CALAMUS,  Smith's  Antiq.)  quotes  it 
without  the  comma;  and  having  informed  us  that, 
when  the  reed  (pen)  became  blunt,  the  ancients 
sharpened  it  with  a  knife,  adds : 

"  To  a  reed  thus  sharpened,  the  epithet '  temperatus,' 
used  by  Cicero,  probably  refers." 

There  is  something  not  satisfactory  in  this.  For, 
though  it  maybe  said  that  to  isolate  "calamo" 
from  the  epithet,  is  to  rob  it  of  the  emphasis 
which  it  is  intended  to  bear;  to  extend  the  epithet 
to  it,  robs  the  epithet  itself  of  all  definite  import. 


140 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


Extended  to  both,  it  can  have  no  meaning  but 
well-prepared,  which  leaves  us  where  we  were. 

"  I  come  to  counsel  learned  in  the  law." 
"Atramantum  teraperatum"  would  be  translated 
without  hesitation,  "  ink  to  which  water  had  been 
added,  to  give  it  fluidity."  Why  should  not 
"  tempera,"  standing  in  direct  reference  to  writing- 
quill,  mean  "  add  water  to  your  ink  ?" 

RUPICASTRENSIS. 


PLURALITY    OF    WORLDS. 

Two  persons,  who  know  all  the  telescope  has 
told,  are  fighting  the  farther  question,  whether 
the  stars  and  planets  are  inhabited.  Until  the 
matter  is  settled,  I  shall  copy  the  answer  given 
by  a  young  aspirant  for  his  degree  when  he  was 
asked  whether  the  sun  moved  round  the  earth,  or 
the  earth  round  the  sun  :  "  Sometimes  one  and 
sometimes  the  other,"  said  he.  In  the^  meanwhile 
your  correspondents  may  be  allowed  to  pick  up 
matter  for  a  Note  or  two. 

One  of  the  opposed  philosophers  is  an  inha- 
bitant of  this  earth,  confessed ;  the  other  is  only 
identified  by  reasoning  and  analogy,  like  the  in- 
habitant of  a  planet.  But  anything  may  be  done 
(or  undone)  by  reasoning.  Some  months  ago  I 
was  startled  by  hearing  that  fourteen  persons 
were  to  dine,  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  inside  the 
skull  of  one  of  the  pre-adamite  monsters.  But 
my  composure  was  restored  by  hearing  that  this 
wonderful  dining-room  was  only  built  by  deduc- 
tion from  some  of  the  bones.  "  Oh ! "  said  I,  "  that 
may  have  altered  the  case  :  a  hundred  people  may 
dine  inside  an  inference,  if  you  draw  it  large 
enough."  Nevertheless  it  does  lend  a  little  force 
to  the  reputed  authorship  of  the  anonymous 
treatise,  that  the  reputed  author,  twenty-one 
years  ago,  spoke  of  the  universal  dissemination 
of  organised  living  beings  as  rather  the  idea  of 
others  than  his  own.  Witness  the  following  ex- 
tract (some  words  of  which  I  have  put  in  Italics) 
from  the  first  Bridgewuter  Treatise,  p.  272. : 

"  If  we  take  the  whole  range  of  created  objects  in  our 
own  system,  from  the  sun  down  to  the  smallest  animalcule, 
and  suppose  such  a  system,  or  something  in  some  way 
analogous  to  it,  to  be  repeated  for  each  of  the  millions  of 
stars  thus  revealed  to  us,  we  have  a  representation  of  the 
material  part  of  the  universe,  according  to  a  view  which 
many  minds  receive  as  a  probable  one." 

It  is  very  desirable  that  the  question  should  be 
argued  from  time  to  time,  because,  as  the  only 
(thing  clear  about  it  is  that  it  will  never  be  settled, 
it  may  form  a  point  of  comparison  for  the  minds, 
the  methods,  and  the  states  of  opinion  in  different 
ages.  Not,  however,  that  it  is  quite  clear.  The 
telescope  is  getting  on ;  and  it  is  not  impossible 
that  millions  of  moving  specks  may  some  day  be 
found  on  the  moon,  the  motions  of  which  may  be 
utterly  lawless,  and  may  give  strong  suspicion  of 


free  will.  Such  a  discovery,  in  the  mere  optical 
point  of  view,  would  not  be  so  great  an  advance 
upon  us,  as  our  best  maps  of  the  moon  are  upon 
those  which  could  have  been  made  in  the  six- 
teenth century.  They  talk  of  spots  already,  of 
not  more  than  a  few  hundred  yards  in  diameter. 
If  there  should  happen  to  be  a  few  thousand  mon- 
sters, inside  whose  skulls  the  lunar  philosopers  are 
to  dine  five  thousand  years  hence — or  fifty  thou- 
sand, as  there  is  no  occasion  to  be  particular  to  a 
cipher, — it  would  not  be  at  all  safe  to  take  it  for 
granted  that  Lord  Rosse  will  not  get  hold  of 
them.  A  lunar  megalosaurus  may  figure  on  his 
tomb  yet,  for  anything  we  can  undertake  to  say 
to  the  contrary,  with  the  tips  of  his  claws  duly 
inferred  by  Professor  Owen  from  the  curve  of  his 
back. 

The  early  Copernicans  seem  to  have  adopted 
the  theory  of  stellar  and  planetary  organisations, 
as  almost  a  natural  consequence  of  the  new  posi- 
tion of  the  earth.  Kepler,  writing  to  Dr.  Breng- 
ger  in  1607,  gives  his  opinion  as  follows : 

"  You  take  "the  globes  of  the  stars  to  be  perfectly  un- 
mixed and  simple ;  in  my  opinion  they  resemble  our 
earth.  You,  a  philosopher,  would  remit  the  question  to 
a  philosopher:  if  she  could  be  interrogated,  Experience 
should  speak  [I  here  make  a  conjectural  emendation  of 
the  text].  But  Experience  is  silent,  as  no  one  has  been 
there ;  whence  she  neither  affirms  nor  denies.  I  myself 
argue  as  you  do,  by  induction  from  the  moon,  which"  has 
many  points  of  similarity  with  the  earth  [Dr.  B.  had 
probably  argued  from  points  of  difference].  And  I  more- 
over give  moisture  to  the  stars,  and  tracts  which  are 
rained  on  by  evaporation,  and  living  creatures  to  whom 
this  is  advantageous.  For  not  only  that  unfortunate 
Bruno,  who  was  roasted  on  a  wood  fire  at  Rome,  but  my 
friend  Tycho  Brahe  as  well,  held  this  opinion,  that  the 
stars  have  inhabitants.  To  this  I  the  more  readily  agree, 
that  I  hold,  with  Aristarchus,  the  motion  of  the  earth  as 
well  as  of  the  planets.' 

Bruno  certainly  held  the  opinion,  as  appears  by 
his  work  De  Monade,  &c.  The  curious  letter  of 
Schoppius,  written  from  Rome  immediately  after 
the  execution,  puts  this  opinion  at  the  head  of  the 
list  of  horrenda  prorsusque  absurdissima  with  which 
Bruno  was  charged,  and  winds  up  by  saying  that 
he  was  gone  to  tell  the  people  in  the  worlds  he 
had  invented  how  blasphemers  were  treated  at 
Rome.  M. 


CHURCH-BUILDING    AND    RESTORATION    DURING 
THE    YEARS    1844    TO    1854. 

It  may  be  as  well  to  put  on  record  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
what  has  been  done  during  the  last  few  years  in 
the  way  of  church-building  and  restoration.  I 
send  you  a  list  for  this  county  (Lincoln)  ;  there 
are,  doubtless,  others  which  a  private  layman 
like  myself  would  not  hear  of.  If  persons  from 
other  counties  would  follow  the  example  I  have 
ventured  to  set,  we  should  soon  have  a  goodly 
list :  I,  for  one,  think  it  would  be  a  good  answer 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


141 


to  the  "cooked"  census   returns  on  "Religious 
Worship." 

1.  Horbling :  open  seats. 

2.  Swaton :  restoration,  open  seats. 

3.  Rauceby:  restoration. 

4.  Sleaford :  restoration,  open  seats. 

5.  Edenham:  restoration. 

6.  Halton-Holegate :  restoration,  open  seats. 

7.  Handleby :  church  rebuilding. 

8.  Keal  East :  tower  rebuilt. 

9.  Miningsby:  restoration  (?),  open  seats. 

10.  Sibsey :  chancel  rebuilding,  restoration. 

11.  Spilsby:  restoration,  new  pews. 

12.  Stickford :  new  chancel  (at  the  expense  of  Bishop 
Kaye). 

13.  Thorpe:  restoration  (?). 

14.  Lincoln :  St.  Michael,  rebuilding. 

15.  St.  Peter-in-Eastgate :  (  ?)  restoration. 

16.  St.  Peter-at- Arches :  restoration ;  new  pews  (  ?). 

17.  Hogsthorpe :  restoration. 

18.  Mablethorpe :  new  chancel. 

19.  Saleby:  new  church. 

20.  Langton  St.  Andrew :  new  church. 

21.  Barrowby  :    church   restored  ;    chancel  screen  de- 
stroyed. 

22.  "Woolsthorpe :  church  rebuilt. 

23.  Sansthorpe :  church  rebuilt. 

24.  Algarkirk :  church  elaborately  restored ;  open  seats. 

25.  Boston  :  church  elaborately  restored,  open  seats. 

26.  Brothertoft :  church  rebuilt. 

27.  Fishtoft :  church  restored,  open  seats. 

28.  Holland-fen  :  chancel  built. 

29.  Pinchbeck :  church  built. 

30.  Skirbeck :  church  built. 

31.  Swineshead :  chancel  rebuilt. 

32.  Whaplode :  church  restored,  open  seats. 

33.  Horncastle:  church  built. 

34.  Walcot:  church  built. 

35.  Lincoln :  chapel  of  St.  Anne  built. 

36.  Fulbeck :  restoration. 

37.  Elkington,  N.,  and  38.  S. :  churches  restored. 

39.  Haugham:  (?)  church  built. 

40.  Welton-le-Wold :  church  rebuilt. 

41.  Deeping-fen :  church  built. 

42.  Stamford :  St.  Mary,  church  restored. 

43.  Torrington  :  church  built. 

44.  Holton :  church  rebuilt. 

45.  Ulceby :  church  restored. 

46.  Gainsborough :  Holy  Trinity,  church  built. 

47.  Stockwith  :  church  built. 

48.  Lea :  church  restored,  open  seats. 

49.  Riseholme :  church  built  at  the  expense  of  Bishop 
Kaye. 

50.  New  Bolingbroke :  church  built. 

51.  Manthorpe :  church  built. 

52.  Stickney :  rebuilt,  &c. 

The  above  is  probably  incorrect  in  some  very 
slight  particulars  ;  it  is  also  capable,  doubtless,  of 
considerable  enlargement,  communications  towards 
which  will  be  thankfully  received. 

THOMAS  COL.LIS. 

Boston. 


ABDUCTIONS    IN    IRELAND. 

The  recent  attempt  of  Mr.  John  Garden,  a 
magistrate,  a  Deputy-Lieutenant,  and  lately 
High  Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Tipperary,  to  carry 


off  by  force  Miss  Eleanor  Arbuthnot,  a  young 
Scotch  lady,  sister 'of  the  Honorable  Mrs.  Gough, 
has  excited  great  indignation  throughout  the 
empire.  The  crime  of  abduction  was  formerly 
very  common  in  Ireland  amongst  the  rural  classes ; 
gentlemen  were  not  altogether  free  from  a  dispo- 
sition to  follow  their  example ;  and  a  few  details 
will  be  illustrative  of  the  former  state  01  society 
in  that  country.  The  trial  and  conviction  of  Sir 
Henry  Brown  Hayes,  Knt.,  before  Mr.  Justice 
Day,  at  the  Cork  Spring  Assizes  of  1801,  for  the 
abduction  of  Miss  Mary  Pike,  a  Quaker  heiress, 
was  a  very  remarkable  one ;  the  prosecution 
having  been  specially  conducted  by  the  celebrated 
John  Philpot  Curran.  The  anecdote  is  well 
known, — that  when  the  mob  cheered  Curran,  who 
was  very  popular,  on  his  way  to  court,  with  a 
genuine  Irish  greeting :  "  Counsellor,  we  hope 
you'll  gain  the  day!"  his  reply  was:  " If  I  do, 
take  care  you  don't  lose  the  knight!" 

Two  very  young  girls,  sisters,  of  the  name  of 
Kennedy,  who  were  supposed  to  be  entitled  to 
fortunes  of  2000/.  each,  considerable  sums  in  those 
days  in  Ireland,  had  been  some  years  previously 
carried  off  under  circumstances  which  created  a 
great  sensation  at  the  time,  and  the  case  was 
alluded  to  by  Mr.  Curran  in  his  address  to  the 
jury.  An  application  had  been  made  on  the 
part  of  Sir  Henry  Hayes  to  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench,  that  his  trial  should  take  place  in  Dublin 
instead  of  in  the  city  of  Cork,  where  the  offence 
had  been  committed;  on  the  ground,  that  great 
prejudice  existed  against  him  in  that  quarter  : 

"  That  application,"  he  observed,  "  was  refused ;  and 
justly  did  you,  my  Lord,  and  the  learned  judges,  your 
brethren,  ground  yourselves  upon  the  reason  you  gave : 
'We  will  not,'  said  you,  'give  a  judicial  sanction  to  a 
reproach  of  such  scandalous  atrocity  upon  any  county  in 
the  land,  much  less  upon  the  second  city  in  it.'  '  I  do 
remember,'  said  one  of  you, '  a  case  which  happened  not 
twenty  years  since.  A  similar  crime  was  committed  on 
two  young  women  of  the  name  of  Kennedy ;  it  was 
actually  necessary  to  guard  them  through  two  counties 
with  a  military  force  as  they  went  to  prosecute.  That 
mean  and  odious  bias,  that  the  dregs  of  every  com- 
munity will  feel  by  natural  sympathy  with  everything 
base,  was  in  favour  of  the  prisoners.  Every  means  was 
used  to  try  and  baffle  justice  by  practising  upon  the 
modesty  and  constancy  of  the  prosecutrixes  and  their 
friends ;  but  the  infuriated  populace,  that  had  assembled 
to  celebrate  the  triumph  of  an  acquittal,  were  the  unwil- 
ling spectators  of  the  vindication  of  the  law.  The  Court 
recollected  that  particular  respect  is  due  to  the  female  who 
nobly  comes  forward  to  vindicate  the  law,  and  give  pro- 
tection to  her  sex.  The  jury  remembered  what  they 
owed  to  their  oaths,  to  their  families,  to  their  country. 
They  felt  as  became  the  fathers  of  families,  and  foresaw 
wha't  the  hideous  consequences  would  be  of  impunity  in 
a  case  of  manifest  guilt;  they  pronounced  that  verdict 
which  saved  their  characters,  and  the  offenders  were 
executed.' " 

Again : 

"  In  the  case  of  the  Misses  Kennedy,  the  young  ladies 
had  been  obliged  to  submit  to  a  marriage  and  cohabit- 


142 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


alion  for  a  length  of  time,  yet  the  offenders  were  most 
justly  convicted,  and  suffered  death." — Curran  and  his 
Cotemporaries,  by  Charles  Phillips,  edit.  1851,  pp.  390, 
391,  392. 

Sir  Henry  Hayes  was  found  guilty,  and  re- 
ceived sentence  of  death,  which  was  commuted  to 
transportation  for  life ;  he  was,  however,  subse- 
quently pardoned,  and  permitted  to  return  home. 

Catherine  and  Ann  Kennedy  lived  with  their 
mother,  a  widow  in  the  county  of  Waterford ;  and 
having,  on  September  14,  1779,  gone  to  witness 
a  dramatic  performance  at  Graiguenamanagh,  in 
the  county  of  Kilkenny,  two  young  men,  James 
Strange  of  Ullard,  in  that  county,  and  Garrett 
Byrne  of  Ballyanne,  in  the  county  of  Carlow,  re- 
solved to  carry  them  off  by  force.  They  accord- 
ingly surrounded  the  house  with  a  hundred  armed 
men,  with  shirts  covering  their  dress  as  a  disguise, 
a  habit  which  procured  for  the  Irish  peasantry  of 
that  day  the  name  of  Whiteboys.  They  broke 
into  the  room  in  which  the  girls  sought  shelter, 
and  seized  them ;  having  two  horses  saddled  in 
readiness,  Catherine  was  placed  before  Byrne  on 
one,  and  Anne  before  Strange  on  the  other,  and 
surrounded  by  a  desperate  clan,  sufficient  to  over- 
awe the  county,  they  were  carried  off  from  their 
friends.  A  person,  who  represented  himself  to  be 
a  priest,  was  introduced  in  the  night ;  a  mock 
ceremony  performed,  and  the  terrified  victims 
were  obliged  to  submit.  They  were  subsequently 
attended  by  a  lawless  cavalcade  through  several 
counties,  put  on  board  a  vessel  at  Rush,  north  of 
Dublin  ;  and  after  six  weeks,  were  rescued  by  an 
armed  party  at  Wicklow.  Byrne  and  Strange 
escaped  to  Wales;  but  were  pursued,  appre- 
hended at  Milford,  and,  on  July  6,  lodged  in 
Carnarvon  gaol.  They  were  subsequently  tried  at 
the  Kilkenny  Spring  Assizes  on  March  24,  1780, 
before  Chief  Justice  Annally  ;  when  letters  were 
produced  written  by  the  girls,  speaking  of  the 
men,  with  whom  they  had  so  long  cohabited,  in 
an  affectionate  manner,  calling  them  their  dear 
husbands ;  but  these  were  proved  to  have  been 
dictated  to  them,  and  written  under  strong  im- 
pressions of  terror.  The  prisoners  were  both 
convicted,  and  although  much  powerful  interces- 
sion was  made  to  spare  their  lives,  in  which  the 
Austrian  ambassador  participated ;  yet,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  sanguinary  administration  of  our 
criminal  code  in  those  days,  they  were  both  exe- 
cuted. (Ireland  Sixty  Years  Ago :  M'Glashan, 
Dublin,  edit.  1851,  pp.  35—39.) 

The  Times  has  justly  arraigned  the  feeling  ex- 
pressed at  Clonmel  in  favour  of  Mr.  Garden  ;  who 
is  now  undergoing,  for  his  failure,  two  years  im- 
prisonment with  hard  labour,  to  which  he  was  so 
justly  and  impressively  sentenced  by  Judge  Ball. 
We  are  however  told,  so  deep  was  the  sympathy 
felt  for  those  whose  example  he  sought  to  follow, 
that  all  the  shops  were  closed  and  business  sus- 


pended on  the  occasion  in  Kilkenny,  and  other 
neighbouring  towns.  W.  B. 


Correction  of  an  Error  in  Sir  Edward  Coke's 
Genealogy.  —  Nothing  being  of  greater  importance 
than  accuracy  in  family  genealogies,  I  do  not  offer 
any  apology  for  correcting  an  error  into  which 
those  learned  authors,  Mr.  Nichols  and  Sir  Harris 
Nicolas,  have,  no  doubt  inadvertently,  fallen,  in 
reference  to  Sir  Edward  Coke's  family  pedigree. 
The  former  gentleman,  in  his  highly  interesting 
work  on  the  Royal  Progresses,  vol.  iii.  p.  465., 
states,  that  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  Ed- 
ward Coke  by  Lady  Hatton,  died  unmarried ; 
which  statement  Sir  Harris  Nicolas  adopts  in  his 
valuable  Life  of  Sir  Christopher  Hatton,  p.  480. 
Now,  according  to  a  well-authenticated  MS.  I 
possess,  the  lady  in  question,  who  is  supposed  to 
have  died  single,  married  Sir  Maurice  Berkeley, 
Knt.  (of  the  noble  family  of  Berkeley  Castle),  by 
whom  she  had  issue  a  daughter,  whom  it  appears 
both  Sir  Edward  Coke  and  Lady  Hatton  treated 
very  unfairly  as  their  grandchild.  T.  W.  JONES. 
Nantwich. 

Oblige  pronounced  obleege.  —  I  have  little  doubt 
that  this  was  the  fashionable  pronunciation  of  the 
word  some  sixty  years  ago.  I  am  acquainted  with 
one  or  two  octogenarians,  persons  who  pride  them- 
selves on  their  education ;  they  always  say  ohleege 
and  obleeged.  In  a  spelling-book  of  the  date  of 
1748,  I  find  that  the  young  ladies  of  that  gene- 
ration were  directed  to  pronounce  farthing  farden, 
such  being  the  fashionable  mode  of  pronunciation. 
Times  are  changed;  we  only  find/ar  den  now  among 
the  very  lowest  classes.  HENRY  T.  KILEY. 

Cuckolds,  Epigram  on.  —  On  the  fly-leaf  of  a 
Martial,  12mo.,  Amsterdam,  1628,  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing epigram.  The  book  has,  from  notes  on  it, 
belonged  to  a  German.  The  epigram  is  written 
with  abbreviations,  and  the  ink  is  faded.  I  am  not 
aware  if  it  has  ever  been  printed,  or  who  is  the 
author  : 

"  Uxorem  mcecham  qui  nescit,  vertice  cornu 

Unum  habet ;   et  duo  qui  dissimulare  potest. 
Qui  videt  et  patitur  tria  gestat,  quatuor  ille 

Qui  ducit  nitidos  in  sua  tecta  procos. 
Qui  non  istorutn  se  credit  in  ordine  poni, 
Credit  at  uxori,  cornua  quinque  gevit." 

I.  H.  L. 

Pope's  "  Ethic  Epistles  "  are  being  discussed  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  I  have  a  one-volume  edition  which  is 
not  mentioned  in  Mr.  Carruthers'  list  of  Pope's 
works,  entitled  Ethic  Epistles,  Satires,  Sfc.,  with 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


the  Author  s  Notes.  Written  by  Mr. Pope:  London, 
printed  for  the  Company,  1735. 

There  are  considerable  variations  from  the 
later  editions ;  the  arrangement  is  different,  the 
"  Atossa  "  is  not  included  ;  it  contains  the  "  Essay 
on  Man,"  seven  Ethic  Epistles,  of  which  the  sixth 
is  the  epistle  to  Lord  Oxford,  and  the  seventh  that 
to  Arbuthnot.  It  also  contains  the  "  Imitations 
of  Horace,"  and  the  "  Satires  of  Donne,"  the 
originals  of  both  being  added  at  the  bottom  in 
Italics.  At  the  end  are  ten  of  the  epitaphs ; 
those  upon  Craggs,  Newton,  Buckingham,  Atter- 
bury,  and  "  one  who  would  not  be  buried  in  West- 
minster Abbey,"  not  being  included. 

I  have  little  doubt  of  its  being  a  pirated  and 
spurious  edition.  E.  J.  SAGE. 


THE  COLLIER'S  CREED. 

In  an  able  paper  (No.  23.  of  the  2nd  vol.)  of 
the  Weekly  Pacquet  of  Advice  from  Rome,  the 
object  of  which  is  to  prove  that  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures are  the  only  rule  of  Faith,  by  the  Word  of 
God,  by  Reason,  by  the  Fathers,  and  by  the 
Confession  of  the  Romanists  themselves,  the 
•writer  (p.  178.)  quotes  the  acknowledgment  of  a 
Popish  writer,  Gregory  de  Valentia,  in  these 
words : 

"  If  a  man  be  askt  why  he  believes,  for  example,  that 
God  is  one  in  Nature,  and  three  in  Person:  let  him 
answer,  because  God  hath  rerealed  it.  If  again  he  be 
demanded  how  he  knows  God  has  revealed  it,  let  him 
answer  that  he  believes  it  infallibly  by  Faith,  the  infal- 
lible proposition  of  the  Church  moving  him  thereunto. 
If  yet  he  be  askt  how  he  knows  the  proposition  of  the 
Church  to  be  infallible,  let  him  say,  because  the  Scripture 
hath  revealed  it ;  which  he  believes,  not  upon  the  credit 
of  any  other  revelation,  but  for  itself." 

And  the  author  of  the  paper  adds : 

"  But  this  was  before  the  easie,  ridiculous  salvo  of  the 
Collier's  Creed  was  invented." 

What  is  the  "Collier's  Creed"  referred  to? 
In  1679,  the  date  of  this  paper,  Jeremy  Collier, 
the  Nonjuror,  had  not  made  himself  known  as  a 
controversialist.  The  Weekly  Pacquet  is  too  ge- 
nerally underrated,  for  though  virulent  enough, 
as  might  be  expected  from  the  character  of  the 
age,  and  the  stirring  subject  of  the  publication,  it 
is  full  of  very  valuable  matter,  and  is  ably  written. 
I  would  except,  however,  the  last  leaf  appended 
to  each  number,  under  the  name  of  the  "  Popish 
Courant,"  which  is  mere  ribaldry.  I  possess  five 
volumes,  the  date  of  the  last  number  being  July  13, 
1 683.*  Was  it  continued  beyond  this  time  ? 

H.  L. 

[*  This  is  the  last  Number  in  the  British  Museum.] 


QUERIES    ON   THE    "FAIRY    QUEEN." 

An  American  reader  will  be  greatly  obliged  by 
an  answer  to  any  of  the  following  Queries  relat- 
ing to  the  Fairy  Queen. 

Book  i.  canto  vi.  1.  3.  Are  there  instances  of 
bewail  being  used  in  the  sense  of  select  ? 

Book  ii.  canto  ii.  44.  4.  Entrold,  introld,  or  en- 
rold.  How  is  this  word  to  be  understood  ? 

Book  ii.  canto  ix.  22.  I  have  not  much  doubt 
that  Digby's  and  Upton's  mystical  interpretation 
of  this  stanza  is  quite  gratuitous  ;  and  I  had  my- 
self understood  it  pretty  much  as  a  writer  in  the 
Athenceum,  before  I  saw  the  reference  to  his  article 
furnished  by  one  of  your  correspondents.  But 
the  last  verse  might  be  thought  to  countenance  a 
more  subtle  explanation.  Will  some  one,  who  has 
the  book  at  hand,  furnish  a  passage  from  Paulinus 
(Hebdomades,  lib.  in.  cap.  ii.)  cited  by  Thomas 
Moore  (Works,  vol.  ii.  p.  169.,  note  f),  in  which 
it  is  attempted  to  be  shown  "  that  man  is  a  dia- 
pason or  octave,  made  up  of  a  diatessaron,  which 
is  his  soul,  and  a  diapente,  which  is  his  body." 

Book  n.  canto  ix.  41.  7.  What  is  castory  ?  Was 
the  secretion  of  the  beaver  (castoreunt)  ever  used: 
for  a  dye,  or  could  it  be  so  employed  ? 

Book  n.  canto  x.  12.  9.  Are  there  other  in- 
stances of  inquyre  used  in  the  sense  of  name  (ask 
for  by  the  name  of)  ? 

Book  in.  canto  iii.  13.  6.  What  authority  does 
Spenser  follow  in  this  stanza  ?  and  where  did  he 
get  the  names  Matilda  and  Pubidius  ? 

Book  in.  canto  v.  28.  6.  Persue.  Should  not. 
this  word  be  issue  f 

Book  in.  canto  v.  48.  9.  Does  by  art,  in  this 
verse,  mean  only  in  a  wonderful  manner  ?  or  may 
levin  be  explained  leaven,  that  is,  an  artificial 
caustic  ? 

Book  in.  canto  viii.  22.  2.  Are  there  other  in- 
stances of  drover  meaning  boat  ? 

Book  in.  canto  ix.  46.  3.  What  is  Overt  gate  by 
North  ? 

Book  iv.  canto  iv.  29.  6.  Cuffling.  Must  this 
word  be  altered  to  cuffing  f  or,  if  allowed  to  stand, 
how  is  it  to  be  explained  ? 

Book  v.  canto  vi.  19.  6.  What  is  the  origin  of 
the  phrase  well  shot  in  years  ? 

Book  v.  canto  ix.  34.  5.  Does  boone  signify  ho- 
mage, service  ?  (Compare  boon-days,  &c.) 

I  would  add,  by  way  of  note,  that  the  word  gelt 
(book  iv.  canto  vii.  21.  3.),  which  is  not  (rightly) 
explained  in  any  of  the  editions,  is  the  Irish  geilt, 
a  wild  man  or  woman,  a  crazy  person.  The  feeble 
Todd  says  gelding.  Also,  that  most  of  the  editors 
have  changed  Sabaoth,  at  the  end  of  the  last  line 
of  the  Fairy  Queen,  into  Sabbath,  without  reason. 
The  God  of  Sabbaoth,  as  Spenser  has  it,  was  the 
same,  in  his  apprehension,  as  the  God  of  Sabbath,, 
or  of  rest,  as  the  seventh  verse  shows.  F.  J.  C. 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


GENERAL    WASHINGTON    AND    DR.    GORDON. 

Messrs.  W.  S.  Lincoln  &  Son,  of  Blackfriars 
Road,  Booksellers,  in  a  Catalogue  just  published, 
announce  for  sale  a  cabinet  inlaid  with  ebony, 
rosewood,  and  pearl : 

"  Confidently  said  to  have  been  presented  by  General 
Washington  to  Dr.  Gordon,  while  acting  as  his  private 
secretary,  by  whom  it  was  brought  from  America  to 
England,  where  he  died.  His  widow  for  some  time 
resided  at  St.  Peter's,  Ipswich ;  at  her  death,  which 
occurred  about  six  years  bach,  the  cabinet,  with  other 
effects,  was  sold  by  auction." 

The  Rev.  William  Gordon,  D.D.,  author  of 
The  History  of  the  American  War,  4  vols.  8vo., 
1788,  became  pastor  of  a  dissenting  church  at 
Ipswich  in  1754.  He  removed  in  1764  to  Old 
Gravel  Lane,  London  ;  and  in  1770  to  America. 
After  two  years,  he  was  installed  pastor  of  the 
third  church  in  Roxbury.  During  the  war,  he 
took  an  active  part  in  public  measures ;  and  was 
chosen  chaplain  to  the  Provincial  Congress  of 
Massachusetts.  In  1786  he  returned  to  England; 
and  in  1789  was  resettled  in  the  ministry  at  St. 
Neots,  Huntingdonshire ;  but  he  afterwards  re- 
turned to  Ipswich,  and  died  there"  Oct.  19,  1807, 
aged  seventy-nine  years,"  as  appears  by  his  grave- 
stone in  the  burial-ground  attached  to  the  Meet- 
ing House  in  Tacket  Street.  On  the  same  stone 
is  inscribed :  "  Elizabeth  Gordon  died  Nov.  18, 
1816,  aged  eighty-seven  years." 

Query  1.  Was  not  this  his  widow  ? 

Query  2.  Was  Dr.  Gordon  ever  private  secre- 
tary to  Washington  ?  S.  W.  Rix. 

Beccles. 


Huntingdon  Witchcraft  Lecture.  —  In  an  His- 
torical Essay  concerning  Witchcraft,  by  Dr.  Fran- 
cis Hutchinson  (afterwards  bishop  of  Down), 
London,  1718,  p.  101.,  it  is  stated  that  Sir  Samuel 
Cromwell  gave  forty  pounds  to  the  mayor  and 
aldermen  of  Huntingdon  for  a  rentcharge  of  forty 
shillings  yearly,  to  be  paid  out  of  their  town  lands, 
for  an  annual  lecture  upon  the  subject  of  Witch- 
craft, to  be  preached  at  their  town  every  Lady 
Day,  by  a  Doctor  or  Bachelor  of  Divinity  of 
Queen's  College,  in  Cambridge.  The  above  sum 
was  the  value  of  the  goods  of  the  witches  of  War- 
bois,  who  were  condemned  at  Huntingdon,  April 
4,  1593,  for  bewitching  various  persons,  among 
whom  was  the  Lady  Cromwell.  Is  this  rentcharge 
still  paid  ?  and  is  the  lecture  still  preached?  These 
Cromwells  were,  I  presume,  of  the  same  family  as 
he  Protector  Cromwell.  Is  it  so  ?  E.  H.  D.  D. 

" Bibliotheca  IJibemicana"  —  In  Shaw  Mason's 
Bibliotheca  Hibernicana,  or,  a  Descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  a  Select  Irish  Library,  collected  for  the 


Right  Hon.  Robert  Peel,  Svo.,  Dublin,  1823,  the 
following  paragraph  occurs,  p.  4. : 

"  The  present  attempt,  perhaps,  would  not  have  been 
made,  had  he  not  been  able  to  avail  himself  of  the  assist- 
ance of  a  literary  friend,  who  is  now  engaged  in  preparing 
a  similar  work  on  a  much  more  extended  scale ;  being 
designed  to  comprehend  whatever  has  been  written  upon 
Ireland,  so  as  to  form  a  complete  Irish  Historical  Library. 
A  work  of  much  labour  and  research,  and  to  the  com- 
pletion of  which  he  is  not  without  hopes  that  thisprelu- 
sion  may  have  given  a  stimulus." 

What  has  become  of  this  undertaking  ?  Was 
it  left  ready  for  the  press  ;  or  was  it  relinquished 
through  want  of  encouragement  ?  A  publication 
of  the  kind  is  much  to  be  desired.  ABHBA. 

Genealogical.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
give  me  any  information  with  respect  to  the  fol- 
lowing subjects  : 

1.  Which  of  King  John's  daughters  married 
William,    Earl   of  Pembroke,   and   the  first  few 
generations  of  their  family  ? 

2.  Any  information  with  respect  to  a  certain 
Prince  Guisch,  from  whom  I  have  heard  that  the 
Wises  of  Totness  and  the  neighbourhood  are  de- 
scended ? 

3.  Any  information  with  respect  to  William  de 
Lodryngton  of  Great  Gunby,  of  whom  there  is 
still  existing  a  monumental  brass  in  the  church 
of  the  above-mentioned  place.     Had  he  any  chil- 
dren, and  how  many  ?  'A.pxaio<}>i\os. 

Capture  of  the  Spanish  Treasure -frigates  in 
1804.  —  In  an  article  in  the  40th  volume  of  Black- 
wood,  styled  "  Recollections  of  the  Siege  of  Cadiz," 
an  account,  marked  by  the  utmost  violence  of  lan- 
guage, is  given  of  this  transaction.  Without  dis- 
cussing the  merits  of  the  question  (on  which  I 
believe  the  world  in  general  has  come  to  a  more 
lenient  judgment  than  this  writer,  who  seems  trans- 
ported beyond  the  bounds  of  reason  in  treating  of 
it),  is  there  any  ground  for  the  extraordinary  in- 
sinuation it  contains,  that  the  late  Sir  Graham 
Moore  acted  on  the  occasion  without  any  orders, 
and  entirely  on  his  own  responsibility,  "  knowing 
that  it  would  gratify  his  countrymen?"  I  never 
heard  that  the  ministry  of  the  day  put  forth  such 
an  excuse,  fiercely  assailed  as  they  were  on  this 
point;  on  the  contrary,  they  vindicated  it  as  a  just 
and  politic  act,  although  informal. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Registration  Act.  —  The  Act  for  the  secular 
registration  of  births,  marriages,  and  deaths,  directs 
that  if  after  a  child  has  been  registered  under  a 
certain  "  Christian "  name,  it  shall  be  baptized 
under  another  different  "  Christian "  name,  such 
baptismal  name  shall  be  added  in  the  register  in  a 
column  provided  for  the  purpose. 

Query,  Which  is  the  legal  name  ? 

Such  a  case  having  occurred,  the  Registrar- 
General  "  can  offer  no  opinion  as  to  which  of  the 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


names  may  be  considered  the  legal  one."  The 
clergyman  who  officiated  very  naturally  decides  in 
favour  of  the  legality  of  the  baptismal  name,  which 
was  given  by  mistake,  and  which  it  is  desired  to 
repudiate.  J.  P.  A. 

Hoxton  New  Town. 

Dr.  South  on  Extempore  Prayers.  —  Having 
received  no  reply  to  my  Query  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  515.) 
concerning  South's  authority  for  the  statement 
referred  to,  I  beg  to  be  allowed  to  put  my  Query 
in  another  shape,  and  to  ask  whether  the  anecdote 
is  to  be  found  in  any  writer  or  writers  anterior  to 
South  ?  W.  H.  GUNNER. 

Winchester. 

"Never  more"  Sj-c. — In  the  year  1849,  while 
serving  in  India,  a  review  of  a  volume  of  poetry 
met  my  eye  in  a  Plymouth  newspaper,  embodying 
an  extract  from  one  of  the  small  poems  contained 
in  the  work  entitled  Cistus  Leaves,  the  first  verse 
of  which  ran  thus  : 

"  Never  more 
Shall  my  footsteps  press  the  heather, 

Lightly  by  the  side  of  thine, 
As  that  sunset  hour  together, 

Forth  we  walk'd  where  streamlets  shine — 
Pilgrims  twain  to  Poesy's  shrine — 
Never  more ! " 

I  cannot  recall  either  the  title  of  the  work  or  the 
name  of  the  newspaper  in  which  I  saw  the  review ; 
but  it  is  possible  that  some  of  your  numerous 
readers  may  kindly  oblige  me  by  stating  through 
your  columns  how  or  where  I  can  procure  the 
work,  or  who  the  author  may  have  been. 

S.  R.  G. 

"  Trafalgar"  Sfc.  —  Can  you  inform  me  who  is 
the  author  of  the  following  drama :  Trafalgar,  or 
the  Sailor's  Play ;  printed  at  Uxbridge,  1807.  I 
have  some  reason  for  supposing  that  the  author  of 
this  play  was  W.  Perry,  M.  D.  of  Hillingdon,  near 
Uxbridge  ;  but  I  would  be  obliged  to  any  of  your 
readers  who  could  inform  me  with  certainty  who 
is  the  author. 

In  the  Gentleman  s  Magazine,  1806,  p.  154.,  there 
is  a  short  notice  of  a  work  of  Dr.  Perry's,  Dia- 
logues in  the  Shades.  There  is  also  some  farther 
information  regarding  him  in  a  letter  from  himself 
to  the  editor  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
180G,  p.  218.  In  the  same  magazine  for  1807, 
there  is  also  a  notice  of  the  play  I  have  mentioned. 

SIGMA  (1). 

Murray  of  Broughton.  —  There  are  two  or  three 
steps  in  the  pedigree  of  this  family  I  am  anxious 
to  obtain.  Douglas,  in  his  Scottish  Peerage,  says 
Cuthbert  Murray,  of  Cockpool,  died  in  1493, 
having  married  Mariote,  daughter  of  Menzies  of 
Weem.  Sir  John  Murray,  his  eldest  son,  died  in 
1526  (whom  did  he  marry  ?)  ;  and  Mungo  Murray, 
his  second  son,  of  Broughton,  was  living  in  1508  ; 


his  descendant,  John  Murray,  of  Broughton, 
married,  in  1630,  Marion,  third  daughter  and  co- 
heiress of  Sir  James  Murray,  of  Cockpool.  The 
names  and  marriages  of  the  two  or  three  genera- 
tions of  the  Broughton  branch  between  those  latter 
two  dates  I  want.  Y.  S.  M. 

English  Words  derived  from  the  Saxon.  — Is  there 
a  dictionary  of  English  words  derived  from  the 
Saxon  ?  If  so,  what  is  its  description,  and  where 
is  it  published  ?  BOTOLPH. 

Artificial  Breeding  of  Salmon  from  Spawn. — 
Who  tirst  discovered  or  projected  the  idea  of  the 
artificial  breeding  of  salmon  from  spawn,  and 
where  was  it  first  carried  out  ?  Was  the  dis- 
coverer a  Frenchman  or  an  Englishman  ?  What 
connexion  had  the  late  Sir  Francis  M'Kenzie,  of 
Gairloch,  with  the  discovery  ?  Was  it  discovered 
and  practised  prior  to  1838?  ANON. 

The  Russian  Language. —  Is  this  not  a  dialect 
of  the  Slavonic,  and  the  most  pure  of  them  all : 
the  Polish  being  much  corrupted  with  Latin  and 
German  ?  Are  the  differences  great  between  the 
pure  Russian  and  the  Bohemian,  Moravian,  and 
Hungarian  ?  Is  not  the  last  called  the  Slavack  ? 
The  Bulgarian  is  the  roughest,  I  am  well  aware, 
of  all  the  dialects ;  and  the  Bosnian  and  Servian 
the  most  agreeable  in  sound :  in  what  do  they 
differ  from  the  Croatian?  Is  it  not  contended 
that  the  Russian  approaches  the  Asiatic  rather 
than  the  European  tongues  ?  has  it  not  more 
affinity  with  the  Greek,  Latin,  and  German,  than 
with  the  languages  of  the  East  ?  Whence  were 
the  Russian  letters,  so  much  more  numerous  than 
the  northern  Runic  ?  Until  A.D.  803,  it  is  well 
known  the  Russian,  Bohemian,  and  Illyrian  Slaves 
had  no  alphabet ;  as  the  introduction  of  letters 
then  was  under  the  reign  of  the  Greek  Emperor 
Michael,  consisting  of  some  new  letters  with  the 
Greek  characters  a  little  altered  at  present.  What 
are  the  oldest  Russian  writings  extant  ?  Who 
was  the  author  of  The  Present  State  of  Russia, 
translated  from  the  High  Dutch,  1723?  This 
last  work  contains  an  accurate  account  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  Peter  the  Great  against  his  only  son 
by  his  first  wife,  whom  he  secretly  murdered  in 
prison,  together  with  u  relation  of  many  of  his 
cruelties  ?  CYRUS  REDDING. 

Orangeism. — In  a  small  work  published  by 
Gilbert,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  1844  (A  Ritual 
and  Illustrations  of  Freemasonry,  $*c.),  I  find  the 
following  account  of  the  history  of  Orangeism. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  tell  me  if  it  is 
correct  ? 

"The  order  was  "instituted  in  the  year  1794,  and  or- 
ganised into  lodges  in  17D,r>  by  Thomas  Wilson,  who  was 
a  clandestine  mason  in  Dyon,  county  of  Tyrone,  on  the 
estate  of  Lord  Calladon.  It  first  consisted  of  only  one 


146 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


degree,  viz.  Orangeman.  Afterwards,  in"  the  year  1796, 
the  Purple  Degree  was  added  by  John  Templeton,  near 
Loughgall  or  Portadoun.  After  that  the  Mark-man's 
Degree,  and  the  Heroine  of  Jericho,  were  added,  which 
have  been  since  annulled." 

KENNEDY  M'NAB. 

Fraser.  —  On  the  monument  recently  erected 
in  Kegworth  Church  (Leicestershire),  to  the 
memory  of  the  late  rector,  the  Rev.  Peter  Fraser, 
it  is  stated  that  he  was  born  at  Richmond,  in 
Yorkshire.  From  some  conversation  I  once  had 
•with  that  gentleman,  I  inferred  (though  he  did 
not  exactly  say  so)  that  he  was  a  member  of  the 
family  of  Fraser  of  Lovat.  There  was  a  degree 
of  mystery  about  the  learned  and  reverend  gen- 
tleman's ancestry,  which  may  probably  justify  my 
asking  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  to  enlighten  me 
on  the  point.  THOMAS  R.  POTTEK. 

"  Church  and  Queen." — In  a  note  appended  to 
Payne's  Brief  Description  of  Ireland  (edited  for 
the  Irish  Archaeological  Society  by  Dr.  Aquilla 
Smith,  1841),  I  find  the  following  words  : 

"  May  not  the  custom  of  giving  the  '  Church  and 
Queen'  as  the  first  toast  after  dinner,  in  our  times,  be 
derived  from  those  of  Henry  VIII.?  when  the  grace 
after  dinner,  as  published  in  his  primer,  concluded  with 
the  words :  '  God  save  the  Church,  our  King  and  realme, 
and  God  have  mercy  upon  all  Christian  souls.  Amen.'  " 

Can  any  one  throw  light  upon  this  point  ? 

ABHBA. 

St.  Cyprian's,  Ugbrooke. —  In  Dolman's  Metro- 
politan and  Provincial  Catholic  Almanac  for  this 
year  I  find,  under  the  head  of  the  "  Diocese  of 
Plymouth  : " 

"  Ugbrooke,  St.  Cyprian,  consecrated  by  Dr.  Anthony 
Sparrow,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  July  11,  1671,  but  converted 
to  Catholic  uses  in  1779." 

Can  you  or  any  of  your  correspondents  inform 
me  under  what  circumstances  the  above-named 
church  or  chapel  of  ease  was  diverted  from  its 
original  use  to  its  present  one  ? 

CHARLES  GEO.  RHODES. 

The  Cardinal  De  Rohan.  —  The  following  is 
translated  from  the  Memoirs  of  the  Baroness 
DJ  Oberkirche : 

"  Louis  were  struck  at  the  Strasburg  mint  at  the  time 
of  the  law  proceedings  respecting  the  necklace,  with  an 
infamous  and  insulting  alteration.  It  need  not  be  said 
that  this  was  not  repeated,  and  that  the  authors  of  it  were 
rigorously  prosecuted,  although  they  protested  that  it 
was  an  accident  in  the  engraving." 

Could  farther  particulars  respecting  the  alter- 
ation be  given,  without  offending  decency,  in  the 
columns  of  "  N.  &  Q.  ?  "  *  UNEDA. 

Coleridge's  unpublished  Manuscripts  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  496.  543.  591.).  —  This  appears  a  proper  time 
to  revive  the  following  Note  and  Query,  which  are 

[*  The  louis  had  Jioi-ns  inscribed  upon  them.] 


1  extracted  from  an  article  on  Coleridge  in 

\  woods  Magazine  for  January,  1845  (p.  118.  foot- 

:  note). 

"  We  ourselves  had  the  honour  of  presenting  to  Mr. 
;  Coleridge  Law's  English  version  of  Jacob  Bohmen,  a  set 
!  of  huge  4tos.  Some  months  afterwards  we  saw  this  work 
i  lying  open,  and  one  volume,  at  least,  overflowing,  in  part, 
I  with  the  Commentaries  and  the  Corollaries  of  Coleridge, 
i  Whither  has  this  work,  and  so  many  others  swathed 
|  about  with  Coleridge's  MS.  notes,  vanished  from  the 
!  world?" 

J.  M. 

Oxford. 

Croyland,  its  Epithets. — In  Holditch's  History 
of  Croyland,  1816,  it  is  said  that  the  place  is  not 
uncommonly  called  "  Curs'd  Croyland."  May  not 
this  be  a  curious  corruption  of  its  ancient  epithet 
curteys,  or  courteous ;  which,  according  to  In- 
gulph's  History,  was  given  to  it  by  Turketul,  on 
being  kindly  received  by  the  Sempects,  and  which 
still  survives  in  some  rhymes  which  you  have 
given  in  former  Numbers  ?  As  the  place  was- 
said  to  have  been  the  abode  of  evil  spirits  and 
sorcerers  till  St.  Guthlac  took  up  his  residence 
there,  it  is  just  possible  that  its  original  bad  repu- 
tation survives  in  its  title  "  Curs'd  Croyland." 

HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

The  Fashion  of  Brittany.  —  The  Baroness 
D'Oberkirche,  in  her  Memoirs  (lately  published 
in  Paris),  says : 

"  The  eldest  (daughter)  of  Madame  de  Chatillon  mar- 
ried the  Duke  of  Crussel,  her  uncle,  after  the  fashion  of 
Brittany."  —  Vol.  ii.  p.  53. 

What  was  this  fashion  of  Brittany  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Sir  Peter  Temple.  —  Extract  from  the  register 
of  the  parish  church  of  St.  Peter  Mancroft,  Nor- 
wich. Buried — 

"  January  14,  1659.  —  a  Gent,  stranger,  called  by  the 
name  of  John  Brown,  otherwise  after  his  buryall  an- 
nounced by  the  name  of  Sir  Peter  Temple." 

Will  any  of  your  subscribers  favour  me  with  any 
particulars  of  this  "  gent,"  or  of  his  family  and 
connexions?  H.  D. 

"  Manual  of  Devout  Prayers." —  It  appears  by  an 
original  order  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer  in  Ire- 
land, bearing  date  1709,  that  two  booksellers  of 
Dublin,  named  James  Malone  and  Luke  Dowling, 
were  convicted  for  selling  a  book  entitled  A 
Manual  of  Devout  Prayers.  From  the  affidavits, 
&c.,  which  accompany  the  order,  it  would  seem 
that  this  book  was  extensively  sold  in  Dublin,  as 
several  editions  published  by  different  parties  are 
mentioned.  Is  there  anything  known  of  its  au- 
thor ?  The  seditious  character  of  some  of  the 
prayers  was  the  cause  of  the  booksellers  being 
fined.  ENIVRI. 

Monkstown,  Dublin. 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


147 


Church  of  St.  Nicholas  within-the-ivalls,  Dublin. 
—  Where  can  I  find  copies  of  the  following  docu- 
ments connected  with  this  church  : 

1.  The   foundation  charter,   by    which   Arch- 
bishop  Comyn    granted  to    the  then    collegiate 
establishment   of  St.   Patrick  the  church  of  St. 
Nicholas  within-the-walls  ? 

2.  The  confirmation  of  same  by  Pope  Celes- 
tine  ? 

Is  there  any  print  of  this  church  of  an  earlier 
date  than  that  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1786? 

Is  there  any  print  representing  it  at  the  period 
when  it  was  taken  down,  A.  D.  1835  ?  ENIVBI. 

Monkstown,  Dublin. 

Age  of  Oaks.  —  What  are  the  dimensions  and 
•what  are  the  ages  of  "  The  Parliament  Oak,"  near 
Mansfield,  and  of  the  "  Major  Oak  "  and  "  Sham- 
bles Oak,"  near  Ollerton,  Notts  ?  The  "  Green  - 
dale  Oak  "  in  the  grounds  of  Welbeck  Abbey  is 
probably  in  too  shattered  a  condition  to  allow  of 
its  age  being  determined.  A  comparison  of  any 
admeasurements  which  may  have  been  made  fifty 
or  a  hundred  years  ago  with  those  made  in  late 
years  would  be  interesting.  J.  M.  B. 

Phosphoric  Light.  — Why  is  phosphoric  light 
not  always  equally  apparent  on  the  surface  of 
salt  water  ?  Is  it  owing  to  a  difference  in  the 
amount  of  phosphorus  ?  and,  if  so,  what  occasions 
this  difference  ?  IGNORAMUS. 

Prophecies  respecting  Constantinople.  —  The 
following  passage  from  Gibbon,  containing  an  ac- 
count of  a  prophecy,  with  his  remarks  upon  it,  is 
curious  and  interesting  at  the  present  time. 

"  By  the  vulgar  of  every  rank,  it  was  asserted  and  be- 
lieved, that  an  equestrian  statue  in  the  square  of  Taurus 
was  secretly  inscribed  with  a  prophecy,  how  the  Russians 
in  the  last  days  should  become  masters  of  Constantinople. 
In  our  own  time  a  Russian  armament,  instead  of  sailing 
from  the  Borysthenes,  has  circumnavigated  the  continent 
of  Europe ;  and  the  Turkish  capital  has  been  threatened 
by  a  squadron  of  strong  and  lofty  ships  of  war,  each  of 
which,  with  its  naval  science  and  thundering  artillery, 
could  have  sunk  or  scattered  an  hundred  canoes  such  as 
those  of  their  ancestors.  Perhaps  the  present  generation 
may  yet  behold  the  accomplishment  of  the  prediction,  of 
a  rare  prediction,  of  which  the  style  is  unambiguous,  and 
the  date  unquestionable."  —  Gibbon's  Roman  Empire, 
vol.  v.  ch.  Iv. 

In  a  note  to  the  passage  he  gives  his  authorities, 
and  adds  : 

"  They  witness  the  belief  of  the  prophecy ;  the  rest  is 
immaterial." 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me 
what  is  the  authority  for  the  existence  of  another 
prophecy  of  which  I  have  heard,  that  the  Turks 
were  only  to  hold  Constantinople  for  four  hundred 


years 


H.  D.  N. 


Minor  catteries  fotff) 

Prohibition  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Maurice  (about  1 721). 
—  In  the  sixteenth  Number  of  the  Terra  Filius 
(a  curious  medley  of  scurrility  and  good  sense), 
it  is  said  that  the  Vice-Chancellor  of  Oxford 
"  demanded  Mr.  Maurice's  notes  upon  a  com- 
plaint made  against  a  sermon  which  he  preached, 
that  it  contained  something  contrary  to  one  of  the 
Articles  of  the  Church  of  England,  without  any 
particular  allegation :  and  he  was  prohibited  to 
preach  in  the  precincts  of  the  University  on  that 
account."  Can  any  of  your  Oxford  correspondents 
give  some  particulars  of  this  case  ?  The  name 
recalls  to  mind  a  recent  occurrence  of  a  somewhat 
similar  nature.  HENRY  T.  RULET. 

[The  particulars  of  this  case  will  be  found  in  the  fol- 
lowing sermon :  "  The  True  Causes  of  the  Contempt  of 
Christian  Ministers.  A  Sermon,  preached  before  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  at  St.  Mary's  Church,  by  Peter  Mau- 
rice, A.M.,  Fellow  of  Jesus  College,  Oxon.  With  a  Preface 
in  Vindication  of  it  against  the  Censure  passed  upon  it  in 
the  University :  London,  8vo.,  1729."  It  was  considered 
at  the  time  that  certain  passages  in  this  sermon  contra- 
dicted the  Twenty-sixth  Article.] 

London  Topographical  Queries.  —  1.  At  which 
house  in  the  Polygon,  Somers  Town,  did  Mary 
Wollstonecraft  Godwin  reside  during  the  latter 
part  of  her  life  ? 

2.  What  street  in  Somers  Town  did  Theodore 
Hook  live  in  after  the  Mauritius  affair  ?     And  at 
which  house  ? 

3.  Which  was  Horace  Walpole's  town  house  in 
Berkeley  Square  ?  E.  J.  SAGE. 

[Probably  some  topographical  friend,  resident  in  St. 
Pancras,  may  be  able  to  reply  to  the  first  Query.  —  Theo- 
dore Hook  never  (as  far  as  we  know)  dwelt  in  Somers 
Town.  At  Kentish  Town  he  sojourned  for  many  months, 
soon  after  his  return  from  the  Mauritius.  The  house 
occupied  by  him  is  the  second  to  the  left  hand,  contiguous 
to  Providence  Row,  and  nearly  opposite  to  the  Nag's  Head 
Tavern,  as  this  suburb  is  entered  from  London.  —  No.  11. 
Berkeley  Square  was  the  house  in  which  Horace  Walpole 
died  in  1797.] 

Archbishop  Herring  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  158.). — Was 
this  prelate  first  Archbishop  of  York  and  then  of 
Canterbury  ?  If  so,  is  he  not  the  only  instance  of 
the  same  person  having  filled  both  of  those  sees  ? 

HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

[Four  prelates  were  translated  from  York  to  Canter- 
bury. In  1452,  John  Kemp;  1575,  Edmund  Grindalj 
1747,  Thomas  Herring;  1757,  Matthew  Hutton.] 

William  III.  and  Cooper. — Can  you  inform  me 
whether  Samuel  Cooper,  who  died  in  London  in 
1672,  painted  a  miniature  portrait  in  oil  of  Wil- 
liam Prince  of  Orange,  subsequently  King  Wil- 
liam III.  of  England  ?  If  he  did,  where  is  his 
painting  to  be  found  ?  I  possess  a  likeness  of  the 
king  in  question  in  his  younger  days  (when  about 
one-and-twenty  years  of  age),  said  to  be  by  Cooper, 


148 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


and  certainly,  whether  his  work  or  not,  very  well 
done.  I  have  consulted  Pilkington  upon  the  sub- 
ject, but  without  success.  William  wedded  the 
Princess  Mary  in  1678.  ABHBA. 

[This  portrait  is  not  noticed  by  Walpole ;  but  in  his 
Catalogue  of  Engravers  he  speaks  of  Henry  Hondius  hav- 
ing, in  1641,  engraved  a  print  of  William  Prince  of  Orange 
from  a  painting  by  Alexander  Cooper.] 

CennicVs  Hymns.  —  Can  you  inform  me  if  Cen- 
nick's  Hymns  were  published  in  a  collected  form  ? 

ANON. 

[In  1743  was  published  Select  Hymns  for  the  Use  of 
Religious  Societies,  by  John  Cennick,  in  two  parts,  Bristol, 
12mo.  This  collection  also  contains  six  hymns  by  J. 
Humphreys.] 


"  THE    DUNCIAD." 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  65.  109.  129.) 

I  am  obliged  by  MR.  MARKLAND' s  endeavour  to 
answer  my  inquiry,  though  I  was   (I  may  say  of 
course)  not  ignorant  of  the  passages  in  the  Pope 
and  Swift  correspondence  to  which  he  refers.     The  i 
evidence  of  these  passages,  though  only  negative,  j 
would   be   abundantly   sufficient  if  we  had  not 
Pope's  own  positive  and  repeated  assertion  to  the  j 
contrary,  namely,   that  there  were  no  less  than  | 
fine  imperfect  editions  in   1727.     To  this  direct 
assertion,  placed  in  the  front  of  Pope's  own  three  : 
avowed  editions,  and  even  in  that  presented  to  ; 
the  king  and  queen,  the  inferences  from  the  letters  | 
cited  do  not  seem  a  sufficient  answer.     Moreover,  j 
it  has  been  long  known  that  the  published  corre-  i 
spondence  has  been  extensively  garbled,  and  some  \ 
recent  articles  in  the  Athenceum  have  shown  that  j 
this  garbling  had  been  pushed  by  Pope  himself  to  ! 
an  extent  that  renders  the  correspondence  very  \ 
suspicious  evidence  of  any  matter  of  fact.     But  in  j 
this  particular  case  MR.  MARKLAND,  and  readers 
in  general,  will  be  surprised  to  learn  that  the  pas- 
sage which  he  quotes  from  a  letter  of  the  27th  No- 
vember, 1727,  is  but  an  additional  proof  of  the 
inaccuracy  of  the  published  correspondence.     No 
such  letter  exists.     The  letter  referred  to  under 
that  date  is  really  a  combination  of  two  different 
letters,  and  neither  of  them  of  that  date.     They 
are  to  be  found  in  their  separate  forms  and  dates 
in  the  Longleat  copies;  how  they  came  jumbled 
I  do  not  comprehend,  but  it  proves  the  gross  in- 
attention of  all  the  editors.     The  first  portion  is 
probably  of  the  date  given  by  Warburton  to  the 
whole,  viz.  23rd  November,  1727,  and  talks  of  the 
Beggar's  Opera  as  in  preparation,  which  was  true ; 
but  then  it  proceeds  to  talk  of  its  being  acted  ami 
printed,  which  did  not  happen  till  two  or  three 
months  later.     So  that  these  passages  belong  to  a 
second  letter,  the  real  date  of  which  is  the  26th  of 
February,  1728.     This  does  not,  I  admit,  invali- 


date the  inference  that  MR.  MARKLAND  draws 
about  The  Dunciad ;  indeed,  it  rather  corrobo- 
rates it  as  bringing  down  Swift's  evidence  three 
months  later ;  but  it  shows  how  untrustworthy  the 
correspondence  is  in  matters  of  date  and  detail. 
I  would  beg  MR.  MARKLAND  to  look  at  a  pre- 
ceding letter  of  Gay  and  Pope  to  Swift,  22nd  Oc- 
tober, 1727,  in  which  Pope  says  he  is  afraid  of 
sending  Swift  "  a  copy  of  the  poem  for  fear  of  the 
Curlls  and  Dennises  of  Ireland."  What  copy 
could  he  mean  but  a  printed  one  ?  And  then  he 
goes  on  to  cite  the  four  verses  of  the  opening 
address  to  Swift,  "  Whether  thou  chuse,"  &c., 
which  four  lines  do  not  appear  in  the  edition  dated 
1728,  by  A.  Dodd,  which  Malone  believed  to  be  the 
first.  All  this  makes  a  puzzle,  the  more  difficult 
to  unravel  because,  as  I  suspect,  it  was  prepensely 
concocted  by  Pope  himself  for  some  purpose  which, 
we  have  not  yet  discovered.  C. 


I  have  a  small  8vo.  copy  of  The  Dunciad,  of 
which  the  following  is  the  title  : 

"  The  Dunciad,  with  Notes  variorum,  and  the  Prolego- 
mena of  Scriblerius.  The  Second  Edition,  with  some 
Additional  Xotes.  London :  printed  for  Lawton  tiilliver, 
at  Homer's  Head,  against  St.  Dunstan's  Church,  Fleet 
Street,  1729." 

It  has  the  owl  engraving  as  a  frontispiece ;  and, 
though  purporting  to  be  printed  in  London  in 
1729,  as  B.  H.  C.'s  copy  is,  it  was  printed  for 
Gilliver,  not  Dods,  as  his  copy  was.  It  contains 
the  first  three  books  only.  Perhaps,  however,  my 
only  excuse  for  mentioning  this  is,  that  I  have  a 
note  in  the  fly-leaf,  that  "  A  fourth  book  was  pub- 
lished, printed  separately,  in  1742  ;"  together  with 
the  following  extract  from  Porson's  Tracts,  by 
Kidd,  pp.  323,  324.  : 

"  Another  facetious  friend  of  Dr.  Bentley,  Mr.  Pope, 
'  used  to  tell '  Warburton,  that  when  he  had  anything 
better  than  ordinary  to  say,  and  yet  too  bold,  he  always 
reserved  it  for  a  second  or  third  edition,  and  then  nobody 
took  any  notice  of  it." 

Accordingly  in  the  first  edition  of  The  Dunciad, 
Pope  tried  the  public  taste  for  slander  ;  and  suc- 
ceeding beyond  his  most  sanguine  hopes,  he,  diffi- 
dent creature,  added  a  fourth  book*,  in  which  he 
gratified  the  ignorant  and  malicious  by  assailing 
men  of  real  learning  and  worth,  amongst  whom 
he  very  properly  ranked  Dr.  Bentley.  The  Doc- 
tor being  informed  that  Mr.  Pope  had  abused  him, 
replied,  "Ay,  like  enough;  I  spoke  against  his 
Homer,  and  the  portentous  cub  never  forgives  ?"f 

P.  H.  FlSHEB. 


C.  is  surprised  that  any  one  who  has  looked 
ever  so  superficially  into  the  subject,  should  ask 
where  "  Pope  has  distinctly  and  repeatedly  stated" 

*  See  Mr.  Pope  to  Warburton,  ix.  3^1. 
f  "  Mr.  Pope's  verses  are  pretty ;  they   are  not  the 
translation  of  Homer,  but  of  Spondanus." 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


that  there  were  three  editions  of  The  Dunciad 
published  in  1727  ?  C.  says  that  he  had  not  spe- 
cified the  number,  refers  to  a  prefatory  note  to 
Gilliver's  edition  (1729)  as  his  authority,  and 
assumes  that  I  shall  be  still  "  more  surprised  to 
find  Pope  there  asserting  that  there  were  five." 
Now  I  quoted  C.'s  words ;  and  I  will  quote  them 
again,  that  the  reader  may  determine  between  us, 
whether  he  did  or  did  not  specify  the  number  of 
editions : 

"  Pope  himself  says  distinctly  and  repeatedly  that  an 
imperfect  edition  was  published  in  Dublin  in  1727  [1.], 
and  republished,  in  that  year,  both  in  12rao.  [2.]  and  8vo. 
[3.]."— Notes  &  Queries,  Vol.  x.,  p.  65. 

It  was  precisely  because  I  did  know  of  the 
mention  of  the  five ;  because  I  did  know  of  the 
editions  mentioned  by  Savage  ;  did  know  of  the 
famous  battle  of  the  asses  and  the  owls  ;  that  I 
asked  for  C.'s  authority  for  his  assertion  that  Pope 
distinctly  and  repeatedly  mentioned  three  editions. 
It  now  appears,  as  I  always  supposed  it  would, 
that  the  distinct  reference  to  three  is  the  mention 
of  five ;  and  that  the  repeated  assertion  simply 
signifies  that  there  were  more  than  one  edition  of  j 
The  Dunciad  published  in  Pope's  lifetime !  Your 
correspondent  is  anxious  for  exact  information  on 
this  subject, ;  I  trust  therefore  that  he  will  excuse 
my  comment  on  his  own  want  of  exactness. 

As  we  now  know  the  grounds  on  which  he 
made  his  statement,  and  defends  it — as  he  ris 
pleased  thus  literally  to  read  the  introductory 
flourishings  to  the  first  three  books  of  The  Dun- 
ciad—  I  will  ask  whether  he  believes  that  the 
fourth  book  was  found  by  accident  in  "  the  library 
of  a  late  eminent  nobleman  ?  "  If  not,  why  not  ? 
for  it  was  from  the  first  distinctly,  and  has  been 
repeatedly,  asserted. 

Why,  it  has  been  distinctly  and  repeatedly  as- 
serted that  Lemuel  Gulliver  was  of  an  Oxford- 
shire family,  and  that  there  are  several  tombs  and 
monuments  of  the  Gullivers  at  Banbury ;  but  I 
submit  that  your  correspondent,  should  he  ever 
visit  that  town,  will  be  more  pleasantly  and  even 
profitably  employed  in  eating  its  celebrated  cakes, 
rather  than  hunting  through  its  parish  registers. 
Seriously,  others  perhaps  may  express  surprise 
that  "  any  one  who  has  looked  ever  so  superfi- 
cially "  into  the  writings  of  Swift,  Pope,  and  their 
cotemporaries,  should  mistake  a  joke  and  a  mys-  I 
tification  for  a  fact ;  and  deliberately  assert  that  ; 
if  this  story  of  the  surreptitious  editions  be  not  j 
true,  it  is  a  "  distinct  and  circumstantial  lie  !  "  I,  j 
however,  am  afraid  this  severe  judgment  is  just; 
indeed,  that  all  our  humorists  are  open  to  like 
objections,  which  many  of  them  have  not  been 
ashamed  to  acknowledge.  Thus  Swift  has,  with 
unblushing  assurance,  put  on  record  that  an  Irish 
bishop  was  disgusted  with  the  want  of  truthful- 
ness in  Lemuel  Gulliver,  and  did  not  believe  one 


half  of  what  was  recorded  by  that  immortal  tra- 
veller. 

I  would  have  here  added  a  few  words  for  the 
information  of  your  correspondent,  but  that  I 
have  been  in  some  degree  anticipated  by  ME. 
MARKLAND  (ante,  p.  129.),  to  whose  letter  I  will 
hereafter  add  a  few  Notes  and  Queries.  E.  T.  D. 


LONGEVITY. 
(Vol.  viii.  passim.) 

In  Virginia,  its  History  and  Antiquities,  p.  147., 
is  the  following 

"  List  of  Persons  mho  have  lived  110  years  and  over  : 

William  McKim,  of  Richmond,  died  1818,  aged  130. 
John  de  la  Somet,  of  Eichmond,  died  1766,  aged  130. 
Wonder  Booker  (a  negro),  of  Prince  Edward  Co.,  died 

1819,  aged  126. 

Eleanor  Spicer,  of  Accumac  Co.,  died  1773,  aged  121. 
Charles  Lange,  of  Campbell  Co.,  died  1821,  aged  121. 
Charles  Roberts,  of  Bullskin,  died  1796,  aged  116. 
Philip  Cruce,  of  Fairfax  Co.,  died  1813,  aged  115. 
William  Taylor,  of  Pittsylvania  Co,  died  1794,  aged  114. 
Frank  (a  negro),  of  Woodstock,  died  1820,  aged  114. 
Alexander  Berkeley,  of  Charlotte  Co.,  died  1825,  aged  114. 
Priscilla  Carmichael,  of  Surry  Co.,  died  1818,  aged  113. 
Sarah  Carter,  of  Petersburg,  died  1825,  aged  112. 
Mrs.  A.  Berkeley,  of  Charlotte  Co.,  died  1826,  aged  111. 
William  Wootten,  of  Charlotte  Co.,  died  1773,  aged  111. 
A  negro,  of  Richmond,  died  1818,  aged  136. 
Mrs.  Harrison,  of  Brunswick  Co.,  died  1805,  aged  110. 
John  Cuffee  (slave),  of  Norfolk,  died  1836,  aged  120. 
Gilbert  (negro),  of  Augusta  Co.,  died  1844,  aged  112." 

T.  BALCH. 

Philadelphia. 

In  a  book  called  Virginia,  its  History  and  Anti- 
quities, p.  435.,  I  find  the  following,  under  the  head 
of  Prince  Edward  County  : 

"There  died  in  this  county,  in  1819,  a  slave  named 
Wonder  Booker,  belonging  to  George  Booker,  Esq.,  who 
had  reached  his  126th  year.  He  received  his  name  from 
the  circumstance  that  his  mother  was  in  her  fifty-sixth 
year  at  the  time  of  his  birth.  He  was  of  great  strength 
of  body,  and  his  natural  powers,  which  were  far  superior 
to  those  of  people  of  colour  in  general,  he  retained  in  a 
surprising  degree.  He  was  a  constant  labourer  in  his 
master's  garden,  until  within  eight  or  ten  years  of  his 
death." 

M.  E. 

Philadelphia. 

Hannah,  a  slave  belonging  to  a  lady  in  Peters- 
burgh,  Virginia,  recently  died  in  that  city  at  the 
age  of  128  years.  She  died  of  no  particular  dis- 
ease, but  sank  under  the  exhaustion  incident  to 
old  a "e.  She  was  born  in  Powhatan  County,  Vir- 
ginia! M.  E. 
Philadelphia. 

A  Philadelphia  newspaper,  of  the  date  of  Jan.  10, 
1798,  is  the  authority  for  the  following  : 

"  Died  at  New  London,  Mr.  John  Weeks,  aged  114.  He 
married  his  tenth  wife  when  106  :  she  was  only  16 !  His 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


grey  hair  had  fallen  off,  and  was  lately  renewed  by  a  dark 
head  of  hair ;  a  new  set  of  teeth  had  made  their  appear- 
ance, and  a  few  hours  previous  to  his  death  he  ate  three 
pounds  of  pork,  two  or  three  pounds  of  bread,  and  drank 
nearly  a  pint  of  wine." 

J.  H.  CHATEAU. 
Philadelphia. 

"On  the  30th  of  May  past,  the  children,  grandchildren, 
and  great-grandchildren  of  Richard  Buffington,  senior,  to 
the  number  of  115,  met  together  at  his  house  in  Chester 
County,  as  also  .his  nine  sons  and  daughters-in-law,  and 
twelve  great-grandchildren-in-law.  The  old  man  is  from 
Great  Marie  upon  the  Thames,  in  Buckinghamshire,  in 
Old  England,  aged  about  eighty-five,  and  is  still  heart}', 
active,  and  of  perfect  memory.  His  eldest  son,  now  in 
the  sixtieth  year  of  his  age,  was  the  first  born  of  English 
descent  in  this  province." — From  the  Pennsylvania  Ga- 
zette, No.  551.,  for  July  5,  1739. 

JAMES. 

Philadelphia. 

Mrs.  Mary  Clifford,  daughter  of  Highgate  Boyd 
of  Rosslare,  county  Wexford,  Esq.,  and  widow  of 
Robert  Clifford  of  Wexford,  died  at  the  age  of 
101. 

In  1835  died  Mrs.  Sarah  Colvill,  daughter  of 
C.  Lennox,  Esq.,  of  Londonderry,  and  widow  of 
Robert  Colvill,  Esq.,  of  Youghal,  whom  she  sur- 
vived forty-seven  years,  having  lived  to  the  age  of 
105. 

A  letter  from  Seville  of  October  28,  1853,  men- 
tions the  death  of  Isabella  Chava,  in  the  115th 
year  of  her  age.  (Saunders'  Newspaper,  Decem- 
ber 8,  1853.)  Y.  S.  M. 

"  Haller,  who  has  collected  the  greatest  number  of  ex- 
amples of  longevity,  says  that  he  has  found  more  than 

1000  who  have  lived  from  100  to  110  years. 

60  „  „  110  to  120  "  „ 

29  „  „  120  to  130      „ 

15  „  „  130  to  140      „ 

6  „  „  140  to  160      „ 

and 

1  who  reached  the  astonishing  age  of  169  years. 

It  has  been  remarked  that  England,  Sweden,  and  Den- 
mark have  produced  the  greatest  number  of  long-lived 
persons."  —  Monthly  Mirror,  London,  November,  1800. 

w.w. 

Malta. 

I  copy  the  following  from  the  Hull  News, 
No.  135.,  Saturday,  July  29,  1854,  p.  1. : 

"  The  Dublin  Freeman  says,  '  Owen  Duffy,  of  Mo- 
naghan  county,  is  122  years  old.  When  116  he  lost  his 
second  wife,  and  subsequently  married  a  third,  by  whom 
he  had  a  son  and  a  daughter.  His  youngest  son  is  two 
years  old,  his  eldest  90.  He  still  retains,  in  much  vigour, 
his  mental  and  corporeal  faculties,  and  frequently  walks 
to  the  county  town,  a  distance  of  eight  miles.' " 

J.  SANSOM. 

"  Sarum,  April  30.  We  hear  from  Leamington,  in  Hants, 
that  one  Mrs.  Mitchell  was  lately  brought  to  bed  there 
of  a  daughter,  whose  great-great-grandmother  is  still 
living,  and  has  already  seen  her  fifth  generation,  and  all 


daughters ;  so  that  she  may  say  the  same  that  the  distich 
doth,  made  on  one  of  the  Dalburg's  family  of  Basil : 

'  Mater  ait  natae,  die  natae,  filia  natam 

Ut  moneat,  natae,  plangere  filiolam.' 
'  Rise  up,  daughter,  and  go  to  thy  daughter, 

For  her  daughter's  daughter  hath  a  daughter.' 

She  is  about  ninety-two  years  of  age,  is  in  perfect  health, 
has  all  her  senses  clear,  and  hopes  to  see  five  generations 
more."  —  From  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette,  No.  556.,  of 
August  9,  1739,  printed  by  Benjamin  Franklin. 

JAMES. 
Philadelphia. 

Perhaps  the  following  instance  of  longevity, 
taken  from  the  London  Monthly  Mirror  of  Janu- 
ary, 1798,  may  be  found  of  sufficient  interest  to 
claim  a  space  in  "  N.  &  Q."  : 

"  A  Mulatto  man  at  Frederick  Town,  Virginia,  at  the 
extraordinary  age  of  180  years,  140  of  which  he  was  a 
slave  to  the  family  of  Colonel  Sims." 

w.  w. 

Malta. 

"The  register  of  the  parish  of  Bremhill  commences 
with  the  year  1591.  It  contains  the  following  remarkable 
entry : 

'  Buried,  September  the  29th,  1696,  Edith  Goldie,  Grace 
Young,  Elizabeth  Wiltshire.  Their  united  ages  make  300 
years.' " 

The  above  is  extracted  from  Britton's  Beauties 
of  Wiltshire,  London,  1825,  vol.  iii.  p.  170.  Is 
the  register  authentic  and  genuine  ?  J.  SANSOM. 


MORGAN    ODOHERTT. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  96.) 

It  would  be  very  interesting  —  and  now  that 
poor  Wilson  is  no  more,  the  time  seems  very  op- 
portune —  if  the  Blackwoods  would  favour  the 
world  with  a  list  of  the  contributors  to  Maga  as 
far  as  they  are  known,  and  up  to  Wilson's  re- 
si^nation  of  the  office  of  editor.  I  think  there 
can  be  no  doubt  but  that  Dr.  Maginn  originated 
the  notion  of  the  redoubtable  ensign ;  but  the 
idea  was  so  simple,  and  so  easily  adhered  to,  that 
many  writers  afterwards  took  up  the  notion  ;  and 
the  character,  I  believe,  owes  much  of  its  reality 
to  the  various  jocular  spirits  who  each  contri- 
buted some  new  yet  harmonising  feature  to  the 
grotesque  structure.  Of  the  truth  of  this  fact  the 
present  writer  can  speak  of  his  own  knowledge. 
He  himself  contributed  one  or  two^papers  among 
the  Horce  Cantabrigienses,  introducing  the  merry 
Morgan  to  Cambridge.  These  papers  were  sent 
anonymously,  yet  they  were  not  only  inserted, 
but  referred  to  afterwards  by  the  veritable  Morgan 
(whoever  he  might  be)  as  part  of  his  series.  This 
proves  the  truth  of  MR.  WARDEN'S  conjecture, 
that  there  must  have  been  "  more  than  one 
writer."  Indeed,  I  believe  there  were  many,  homo- 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


geneous  as  the  character  may  seem ;  nothing  being 
so  fallacious  as  an  attempt  to  discriminate  styles, 
more  especially  when  there  is  any  wish  in  the 
writers  to  harmonise  with  each  other.  R.  P. 

When  Maginn  was  first  taken  into  connexion 
with  Blackwood,  although  I  had  but  little  per- 
sonal acquaintance  with  him,  1  had  good  oppor- 
tunities of  knowing  his  proceedings,  and  I  was  not 
without  interest  in  them.  If  I  had  access  to  the 
early  volumes  of  the  Magazine,  I  could  point  to 
the  first  article  which  he  contributed ;  a  severe, 
but  unfair  critique,  in  which  he  turned  his  know- 
ledge of  Hebrew  to  account.  In  the  course  of 
years  I  became  less  acquainted  both  with  him  and 
with  the  Magazine ;  but  I  never  doubted  that  he 
was  "  Signifer  Odoherty,"  and  I  am  quite  satisfied 
that  any  one  who  now  doubts  it  must  labour  under 
some  great  mistake. 

In  connexion  with  this  nom  de  guerre,  I  may  as 
well  mention  a  fact  which  may  possess  some  in- 
terest in  future  years,  if  it  do  not  at  present ; 
when  the  reason  of  the  name  Standard  being 
appropriated  to  a  Conservative  journal  may  be 
sought.  When  the  prospectus  of  the  present  paper 
appeared,  it  was  with  the  motto  from  Livy  [?]  : 
"  Signifer,  pone  signum ;  hie  optume  manebimus." 
This  motto  was  continued  in  the  advertisements 
of  the  paper  till  the  very  eve  of  its  publication ; 
but  it  never  appeared  in  the  paper  itself.  The 
cause  of  its  omission  was  much  discussed,  and 
many  thought  at  the  time  that  it  was  because  the 
motto  appeared  to  point  to  Maginn,  the  well- 
known  "  Signifer  "  of  Blackwood,  as  the  editor ; 
whereas,  though  he  was  connected  with  the  paper, 
it  was  only  as  a  subordinate.  E.  H.  D.  D. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    COERESPONDENCE. 

Mr.  Lyte's  Instantaneous  Process.  —  I  think  it  may  be 
as  well  for  me  to  fight  my  own  battles,  as  to  leave  MR. 
SHADBOLT  to  do  so  on  my  behalf;  notwithstanding  that, 
I  must  thank  him  for  having  taken  up  the  cudgels  in  my 
defence :  so  I  am  going  to  ask  you  to  reply  for  me  to  the 
Query  of  C.  H.  C.  It  would  "be  a  fortunate  thing  for 
many  photographic  inquirers,  were  they  to  content  them- 
selves with  trying  the  experiment,  before  putting  the 
Query,  as  in  the  present  instance :  since  this  new  science 
of  photography,  having  opened  an  entirely  new  field  of 
research  to  the  chemist,  new  discoveries  are  being  daily 
made,  and  new  reactions  made  evident,  which  were  be- 
fore unknown.  AVe  must  not,  therefore,  search  chemical 
books  previously  edited,  hoping  thereby  to  test  the  accu- 
racy of  a  photographic  formula,  and  only  adduce  their 
authority  when  the  evidence  thev  give  is  contradictory, 
not  where  it  is  null. 

With  regard  to  the  case  now  in  point,  there  exists  no 
doubt  of  the  solubility  of  iodide  of  silver  in  the  nitrate 
solution,  as  will  be  easily  seen  by  the  following  experi- 
ment (I  quote,  as  nearly  as  I  can  recollect,  the  substance 
of  MR.  AKCHER'S  words)  :— Take  a  collodion  plate,  coat  it 
with  iodized  collodion,  sensitize  it  in  the  nitrate  bath, 
and  then  take  it  out  and  place  it  in  a  dark  corner :  when 


dry  it  will  have  become  transparent,  the  nitrate  solution, 
having  by  evaporation  become  concentrated,  and  having 
dissolved  the  iodide  of  silver  out  of  the  film. 

Now  I  myself  have  made  farther  experiments  on  this 
head,  which  may  interest  some  of  your  readers.  I  find 
that  iodide  of  silver  forms  two  compounds  with  the  ni- 
trate, probably  each  a  definite  combination.  The  first  is 
insoluble,  the  second  is  soluble.  To  prepare  the  first  it 
suffices  to  add  to  a  nearly  saturated  solution  of  nitrate  of 
silver,  in  cold  water,  some  iodide  of  silver,  or  a  soluble 
iodide ;  when  first  of  all  the  iodide  dissolves,  but  imme- 
diately precipitates  again  as  a  crystalline  double  salt. 
This  is  probably  a  crystalline  modification  of  the  real 
sensitive  compound  we  photographers  use.  The  second 
or  soluble  compound  is  made  by  adding  this  substance  to 
the  nitrate  of  silver  solution,  when  it  will  to  some  extent 
dissolve,  and  obviously  forms  another  and  soluble  com- 
pound. Neither  of  these  salts  can  be  treated  with  pure 
water  without  decomposition  ;  but  the  former  may  be 
washed  with  a  strong  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver,  pre- 
viously saturated  with  iodide.  Of  the  second  salt  I  have 
not  yet  been  able  to  obtain  any  definite  crystallisable 
compound ;  but  the  first  (or  insoluble  one,  as  I  call  it  for 
the  sake  of  distinction)  appears  to  be  composed  of  equi- 
valents of  the  two  salts  employed. 

Now  for  the  instantaneous  process.  I  can  assure  you  I 
have  been  as  much  annoyed  as  any  of  your  readers  by 
failures ;  but  I  think  now  I  can  give  some  certain  modifi- 
cations to  my  fonner  process  which  will  ensure  success,  or 
at  least  which  gives  me  perfect  results.  The  causes  of 
failure  are,  in  the  first  place,  the  almost  impossibility  of 
procuring  a  completely  pure  grape  sugar ;  and  next,  cer- 
tain foreign  matters  contained  in  almost  all  samples  of 
honey.  To  obviate  this  I  have  rejected  for  the  present 
(till  I  have  time  to  make  farther  researches)  the  grape 
sugar,  and  I  use  only  honey.  For  this  I  take  the  same 
proportions  I  have  indicated  before,  only  that  I  reject  the 
iodide  of  silver,  since  I  find  that,  though  soluble  in  a  solu- 
tion of  nitrate  of  silver,  it  is  not  sensibly  so  in  a  solution 
containing  grape  sugar.  The  honey  I  use  is  real  old 
honey,  quite  candied,  and  not  the  white,  or  partly  candied 
honey,  sold  under  the  name  of  Narbonne  honey,  and 
which  is  made  by  adding  water  to  common  honey,  which 
causes  it  to  take  a  cr3'stalline  form  after  a  short  time. 
These,  when  mixed,  I  filter  through  paper  first,  then, 
expose  the  filtrate  to  the  light,  and  when  well  em- 
browned filter  through  animal  charcoal.  I  expose  again 
to  the  light,  and  filter  through  the  charcoal  as  before ; 
only  this  time  I  perform  the  operation  in  a  dark  room, 
and  let  the  liquid  fall  into  a  bottle  containing  a  lump  of 
camphor.  The  object  of  this  treatment  is  first  to  remove 
all  the  impurities  by  the  animal  charcoal,  and  next  the 
use  of  the  camphor  is  to  exert  a  sort  of  preservative  in- 
fluence on  the  liquid  and  on  the  plate  prepared.  The 
liquid  I  have  thus  prepared  I  use  as  I  have  before  indi- 
cated. F.  MAXWELL  LYTE. 

Luz,  Hautes  Pyrenees. 

Fading  of  Positives.  —  I  have  a  large  collection  of  pho- 
tographs, and  I  am  grieved  to  see  them  fading  day  by 
day.  The  cause  I  believe  to  depend  upon  the  small  por- 
tion of  hyposulphite  of  soda  still  remaining  in  the  paper. 
Will  any  of  your  correspondents  favour  me  with  a  delicate 
test  for  "the  "presence  of  this  salt?  A  gentleman  of  very 
great  experience  has  used  the  alum,  as  recommended  by 
Sir  W.  Newton  and  others,  to  secure  the  permanence  of 
positives,  but  he  states  that  he  has  met  with  very  partial 
success.  Will  you  allow  me,  therefore,  to  ask  a  second 
Querv?  What  is  the  most  effective  agent  in  decomposing 
the  h'yposulphite  of  soda,  or,  at  least,  rendering  its  pre- 
sence" harmless  ?  for  I  am  convinced  it  is  much  more  dif- 


152 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


ficult  to  extract  this  salt  from  the  paper  than  is  generally 
supposed.  PHOTO. 


to 

Raphaels  Cartoons  (Vol.  x.,  p.  45.).  —  The  in- 
accuracy pointed  out  by  E.  L.  B.  in  that  cartoon 
of  Raphael  which  represents  the  solemn  commis- 
sion given  by  our  Blessed  Lord  to  St.  Peter,  as 
recorded  in  the  last  chapter  of  St.  John,  undoubt- 
edly deserves  attention;  but  I  am  unwilling  to 
consider  it  as  a  mistake.  I  think  it  may  be  fairly 
presumed,  that  the  prince  of  painters  was  quite 
aware  of  what  he  did,  and  that  he  did  it  inten- 
tionally; even  as  he  purposely  sacrificed  propor- 
tion in  the  pillars  of  the  cartoon  of  the  "  Healing 
of  the  lame  Man,"  and  purposely  made  the  boats 
out  of  all  proportion  in  the  "  Miraculous  Draught 
of  Fishes."  I  think  E.  L.  B.  has  not  correctly  de- 
scribed the  scene.  He  says  that  "  St.  John  is  so 
eagerly  pressing  forward,  that  St.  Peter's  expres- 
sion, '  What  shall  this  man  do  ?'  is  clearly  repre- 
sented." But  the  Gospel  relates  this  as  a  subse- 
quent event,  when  our  Saviour  told  St.  Peter  to 
follow  him.  When  he  had  begun  to  walk  on  after 
him,  he  turned  round,  and  saw  St.  John  following 
too.  Then  it  was  that  he  asked :  "  What  shall 
this  man  do?"  No  part  of  this  appears  in  the 
cartoon ;  for  St.  Peter  is  on  his  knees,  and  St. 
John  is  no  more  following  than  the  other  disciples. 

I  believe,  then,  that  the  great  Raphael  intended 
indeed  primarily  to  represent  the  commission  to 
St.  Peter  to  feed  the  lambs  and  sheep ;  but  that 
he  wished  at  the  same  time  to  associate  with  this 
the  previous  power  of  the  keys  ;  and,  accordingly, 
St.  Peter  is  kneeling,  and  holding  a  massive  pair 
of  keys,  which  E.  L.  B.  overlooks.  Having  thus 
intentionally  admitted  one  anachronism,  it  was  no 
great  stretch  of  pictorial  license  to  introduce  more 
apostles,  as  they  were  all  present  when  St.  Peter 
received  the  power  of  the  keys.  F.  C.  H. 

"  Forgive,  blest  shade"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  241.;  Vol.  x., 
p.  133.). — The  lines  were  written  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Gill,  curate  of  New  Church,  Isle  of  Wight, 
and  are  inscribed  on  the  stone  of  Mrs.  Anne 
Berry.  They  were  set  to  music  by  Dr.  Calcott, 
when  on  a  visit  to  Lord  Amherst,  at  St.  John's, 
near  Ryde,  then  the  property  of  his  lordship,  but 
now  of  Sir  John  Simeon.  G.  H. 

Sepulchral  Monuments  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  514.  539. 
586.).  —  The  language  used  by  C.  T.  and  F.  S.  B.  E. 
seems  to  show  that  they  are  unacquainted  with  the 
volumes  entitled  Musee  des  Monumens  Francais, 
par  Alex.  Le  Noir  :  Paris,  1802. 

Before  the  restored  Bourbons  had  obliged  Le 
Noir  to  give  up  the  monuments  of  their  ancestors, 
of  which  he  had  become  possessed  when  they  were 
at  the  mercy  of  the  revolutionary  vandals,  I  re- 


member several  sepulchral  statues  in  his  collection, 
in  which  the  imitation  of  the  corpses  of  the  persons 
to  whose  monuments  they  had  belonged  was 
carried  to  such  a  degree  of  hideous  accuracy  as  to 
exhibit  the  long  aperture  cut  for  the  purpose  of 
disembowelling  the  deceased,  and  the  thong  with 
which  the  sides  of  that  aperture  had  afterwards 
been  brought  together  by  lacing. 

Such  was  the  case  with  the  figures  of  Louis  XII. 
and  his  queen,  Anne  of  Brittany  ;  as  also  with 
those  of  Francis  I.,  and  of  Henry  II.,  who  died  in 
1580.  In  this  last  elaborately  executed,  and 
otherwise  beautiful  monument,  the  corpse  of  the 
monarch  was  represented  as  so  placed  on  a  couch, 
that  the  head  reached  beyond  the  pillow  by  which 
it  should  have  been  supported,  and  consequently 
as  having  dropped  into  a  position  which  made  the 
beard  rise  in  the  air  above  the  chin. 

In  all  these  instances  the  recumbent  figures  had 
a  flat  roof  or  scaffold  above  them,  bearing  the  full- 
dressed  effigies  of  the  same  persons,  in  the  posture 
of  prayer.  HENRY  WALTER. 

Dr.  Reid  and  Lord  Brougham  v.  Bishop 
Berkeley  and  HorneTooke  (Vol.  x.,  p.  74.).  —  It  is 
the  opinion  of  your  correspondent  Q.,  that  Berkeley 
and  Tooke  have  been  misunderstood  and  mis- 
represented by  their  respective  opponents.  Now, 
that  your  readers  may  judge  of  the  correctness  of 
this  opinion  from  the  words  of  the  writers  them- 
selves, I  give  a  quotation  from  each,  exemplifying 
the  application  of  their  respective  theories. 

"  As  to  what  is  said  of  the  absolute  existence  of  un- 
thinking beings  without  any  relation  to  their  being  per- 
ceived, that  seems  perfectly  unintelligible.  Their  esse  is 
percipi,  nor  is  it  possible  they  should  have  any  existence, 
out  of  the  minds  or  thinking  things  which  perceive  them." 
—  Berkeley's  Principles  of  Human  Knowledge,  Part  I.  §  3. 

"  Truth  supposes  mankind  :  for  whom  and  by  whom 
alone  the  word  is  formed,  and  to  whom  only  it  is  applicable. 
If  no  man,  no  truth.  There  is  therefore  no  such  thing  as 
eternal,  immutable,  everlasting  Truth ;  unless  mankind, 
such  as  they  are  at  present,  be  also  eternal,  immutable, 
and  everlasting." — Tooke?s  Diversions  of  Purley :  London, 
18-iO,  p.  607. 

In  opposition  to  Bishop  Berkeley's  statement,  Dr. 
Reid  appealed  to  the  "  Common  Sense  "  of  man- 
kind, and  said  :  "  The  belief  of  a  material  world  is 
older  and  of  more  authority  than  any  principles  of 
philosophy ; "  and  Common  Sense  decided  in  his 
favour.  In  like  manner,  Dugald  Stewart  and 
Lord  Brougham  appeal  to  the  Moral  Sense  of 
mankind,  whether  the  belief  in  the  existence  of 
eternal,  immutable,  and  everlasting  truth  is  not 
older  and  of  more  authority  than  any  principles  of 
philology;  and  the  Moral  Sense  of  mankind  will 
heartily  respond  to  the  appeal.  I  am  far  from 
wishing  to  deny  or  disparage  the  utility  or  value 
of  metaphysical  or  philological  investigations 
within  their  proper  limits.  But  when  the  meta- 
physician asserts  that  there  is  no  external  world, 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


153 


and  the  philologist  denies  the  existence  of  eternal 
truth,  I  heartily  sympathise  with'  the  Reids  and 
the  Broughams  who  oppose  them.  'AA.ISVC. 

Dublin. 

Canker  or  Briar-rose  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  500.).  —  It 
is  a  not  uncommon  belief  that  a  scratch  with  a 
thorn  of  this  plant  is  peculiarly  venomous ;  and 
indeed,  from  the  hooked  shape  of  the  thorn,  it  is 
not  unlikely  to  be  more  severe  than  a  prick  from 
the  thorn  of  an  ordinary  rose.  May  not  the  fact 
of  its  causing  an  inflamed  and  somewhat  obstinate 
sore  have  originally  obtained  for  it  the  name  of 
canker  ?  HENBT  T.  RJLEY. 

Hcemony  (Vol.  vi.,  pp.  65.  275.). —  With  re- 
ference to  the  plant  so  called,  I  observe  in  the 
Monthly  Packet  (published  by  Mozleys,  London, 
1853),  vol.  v.  p.  467.,  it  is  stated  that  the  lemon- 
scented  Agrimony  is  sold  in  Bristol  market  as 
Haemony  ;  but  what  is  the  botanical  name  of  the 
lemon-scented  Agrimony,  I  know  not.  Not  having 
your  former  volumes  at  hand,  I  cannot  refer  to 
the  volume  and  page  in  which  the  subject  was 
brought  forward  in  the  nascent  state  of  a  Query. 
Nor  can  I  be  sure  that  the  same  information  as  I 
now  offer  has  not  been  already  given  by  another 
correspondent.  GEO.  E.  FRERE. 

Roydon  Hall,  Diss. 

Mantd-piece  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  302.  385.  576.). — 
The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  work,  called 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Adventures  of  Colonel 
Maceroni,  late  Aide-de-camp  to  Joachim  Murat, 
King  of  Naples :  2  vols.  8vo.,  London,  1838.  In 
vol.  ii.  p.  130.,  the  author,  speaking  of  the  less 
frequented  roads  of  Champagne,  by  Troyes,  &c., 


"  Another  motive  induces  me  to  speak  of  a  thing  which 
most  readers  will  deem  impertinent,  which  is — the  desire 
of  giving  a  little  bit  of  etymology.  Around  the  spacious 
cupola  over  the  French  and  Italian  fire-places,  is  a  ledge 
to  which  are  affixed  pegs,  on  which  the  postilions  straight- 
way proceeded  to  hang  their  wet  cloaks  to  dry.  We  call 
the  stone  or  wooden  shelf  over  our  fire-places  Mantel- 
pieces, or  Mantel-shelves;  but  we  no  longer  hang  our 
mantles  upon  them  to  dry.  In  some  of  the  old  palaces 
at  Rome,  I  have  seen  similar  Mantel-pieces  applied  to  the 
similar  original  purpose." 

Perhaps  you  will  allow  me  to  use  this  Mantel- 
piece as  a  peg  on  which  to  hang  the  following 
Queries.  —  Is  there  any  account  of  Colonel  Mace- 
roni  besides  that  which  he  has  been  pleased  to 
give  of  himself  in  the  above-named  memoirs?  He 
has  been  praised  in  the  Edinburgh,  and  abused  in 
the  Quarterly  Review.  According  to  his  own  ac- 
count, he  was,  at  the  time  of  writing  his  Memoirs, 
in  very  reduced  circumstances.  Though  passing 
for  an  Italian,  he  was  doubtless  an  Englishman  ; 
and  the  name  "  Maceroni,"  like  that  of  "  George 
Psalmanager,  "  is  of  course  fictitious.  D.  W.  S. 


Story  of  Coleridge  (Vol.  x.,  p.  57.).  —  A  some- 
what different,  and  perhaps  more  spirited  version 
of  the  anecdote  related  in  MR.  COLLIER'S  interest- 
ing papers  on  Coleridge's  Lectures,  is  given  in  a 
foot-note  to  p.  23.  of  M'Phun's  Tourist's  Guide  to 
the  Falls  of  the  Clyde,  Sfc.,  Glasgow,  1852,  as 
follows : 

"A  distinguished  living  poet  was  admiring  this  fall 
(Corra),  when  he  overheard  a  well-dressed  man  say  to  his 
companion, '  It  is  a  majestic  waterfall ! '  The  poet  was  so 
delighted  with  the  epithet,  that  he  could  not  resist  turning 
round  and  saying :  '  Yes,  sir,  it  is  majestic ;  you  have  hit 
the  expression ;  it  is  better  than  sublime,  or  fine,  or 
beautiful ! '  The  unknown  critic,  flattered  by  the  compli- 
ment, pursued  his  strain  of  admiration  thus :  '  Yes !  I 
really  think  it  is  the  majestic/test,  prettiest  thing  of  the  kind 
I  ever  saw!'" 

J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

Miscellaneous  Manuscripts  (Vol.  x.,  p.  28.).  — 
By  a  note  to  De  Sacy's  "  Memoire  sur  les  Druzes," 
in  the  third  volume  of  the  Mem.  de  Flustitut, 
Classe  d'Histoire,  p.  121.,  I  see  that  theDruse  MSS. 
are  now  in  the  French  Library,  numbered  as 
1580,  1581,  and  1582.  They  were  broughn  from 
Syria  in  1700,  and  presented  to  the  king  of  France, 
July  25,  1700,  by  the  person  who  brought  them, 
called  there  Nasr-allah  ben  Gilda.  The  MS. 
mentioned  by  E.  C.  S.  is  very  possibly  by  Petis 
de  la  Croix,  who  was  a  professor  of  Arabic,  and 
attached  to  the  Royal  Library.  He  afterwards 
translated  these  MSS.,  but  his  translation  was 
never  published.  M.  De  Sacy  retranslated  them, 
and  I  believe,  but  cannot  at  present  ascertain 
how  correctly,  that  he  published  a  separate  work 
on  the  Druses.  The  memoir  was  very  probably 
drawn  up  to  show  the  importance  of  the  MSS., 
and  induce  the  king  to  purchase  them. 

W.  H.  SCOTT. 

Edinburgh. 

Armorial  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  398.).  —  On  the  tomb- 
stone of  John  Selden,  in  the  Temple  Church, 
were  engraved  the  arms  of  the  Bakers  of  Kent,  of 
which  family  his  mother  was  an  heiress.  Selden 
had  no  arms  of  his  own,  his  father  having  been, 
as  Anthony  a  Wood  informs  us,  "  a  sufficient  ple- 
beian," and  he  himself  not  having  applied  for  a 
grant.  (Athena  Oxonienses,  iii.  376.)  CHEVERELLS. 

Water-cure  in  the  last  Century  (Vol.  x.,  p.  28.). 
—  It  appears  to  have  been  practised  at  Malvern 
very  much  according  to  the  present  system. 
H.  Walpole  writes  to  Cole  in  1775  : 

"  At  Malvern  they  certainly  put  patients  into  sheets  just 
dipped  in  the  spring,"  &c. —  Letters,  vol.  v.  p.  419. 

CHEVERELLS. 

Iris  and  Lily  (Vol.  x.,  p.  88.).  —  The  fleur-de- 
lys,  in  its  heraldic  form,  triple-leaved,  bears  traces 
of  the  ancient  mediaeval  symbolism,  being  essen- 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


tially  distinct  from  the  garden  flower,  which  has 
five  petals.  It  has  been  said  that  it  is  the  cor- 
ruption of  "delice,"  as  if  "flos  deliciarum,"  as 
Spenser  spells  it  (Shepherd's  Calendar,  April)  ; 
and  Dray  ton,  in  his  Poly-Olbion,  Song  xiv.,  makes 
it  rhyme  with  "  point  device."  I  believe  this  to 
be  pure  trifling  ;  it  was  long  called  the  "  Fleur  de 
S.  Louis,"  and  so  adopted  into  the  arms  of  France, 
alternately  with  the  cross :  it  now  adorns  the 
crown  of  England.  "  De  luce  "  and  "  de  lys  "  are 
mere  colloquial  vulgarisms.  The  emblem  flower 

—  lowly  and  spotless  —  of  the  Visitation  of  the 
Blessed  Virgin,  is  a  white  lily  in  blossom.     The 
Iris,  so  called  from  the  brilliancy  of  its  colouring, 
is  the  common  water-flag.     One  species  has  been 
called  "  Iris  liliata ;  "  and  Peacham,   On  Drawing, 
speaks  of  a  "  lily  or  flower  de  luce,"  so  that  pro- 
bably the  names  were  interchanged.     Other  lilies 
were  sacred  to  holy  names,  as  the  Lent  lily,  now 
the  daffodil,  and  the  "  Star  of  Bethlehem." 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

Proxies  for  absent  Sponsors  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  321.). — 
Without  venturing  an  opinion  as  to  the  period  in 
the  history  of  our  Church  when  proxies  were  first 
allowed  at  the  baptismal  font,  I  may  yet  adduce 
for  the  information  of  your  readers  a  much  earlier 
instance  of  its  occurrence  than  that  quoted  by 
E.  M.  His  bears  date  1696 ;  mine  is  older  by 
nearly  eighty  years,  as  will  appear  by  the  follow 
ing  extract  from  "The  Domestic  Chronicle  of 
Thomas  Godfrey,  Esq.,"  given  at  length  in  the 
second  volume  of  Nichols's  Topographer  and  Ge- 
nealogist. This  gentleman  was  the  father  of  Sir 
E.  B.  Godfrey,  the  Westminster  magistrate  who 
was  murdered  in  the  year  1678,  of  whom  a  memoir 
appeared  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  De- 
cember 1848.  After  enumerating  in  their  chro- 
nological order  the  births  of  several  children,  and 
the  frequent  premature  mischances  of  his  second 
wife,  our  diarist  proceeds  as  follows  : 

"  My  wife  was  delivered  of  a  girle,  at  my  house  in 
Grub  Street,  on  Wednesday,  being  the  30th  August,  1615, 
betweene  five  and  six  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  it  was 
christened  at  St.  Giles's  Church  without  Cripplegate,  the 
Thursday  sevennight  after,  and  named  Jane.  My  gossips 
were,  Mrs.  Jane  Hallsye,  wife  to  Mr.  John  Hallsye,  one  of 
the  citty  captains,  and  my  sister  Howlt  and  Sir  Multon 
Lambard,  who  sent  Mr.  Michael  Lee  for  his  deputy :  my 
brother,  Thomas  Isles,  afterwards  bestowed  a  christening 
sermon  on  us." 

This  extract  gives  rise  to  another  Query.  When 
were  sponsors  first  denominated  gossips  ?  * 

T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

Rous,  Provost  of  Eton  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  440 — 442.). 

—  In  a  note  at  p.  442.  it  is  stated  that  the  year  in 
which  Provost  Rous  acknowledged  his  will,  should 
doubtless  be  1657,  and  not  1658.     I  apprehend  it 


[*  See  "N.  &  Q.,"  VoL  ix.,  p.  399.] 


will  turn  out  that  the  text  is  perfectly  correct. 
It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  at  the  period  in 
question  the  date  of  the  year  was  commonly- 
changed,  not.  as  at  present  on  the  1st  January, 
but  on  the  25th  March ;  consequently,  the  10th 
February,  1658,  was  after,  and  not  before,  the 
12th  April,  1658.  Assuming  that  the  old  style 
was  used  throughout  the  provost's  will,  its  real 
date  would  be  March  18,  1657-8,  its  acknow- 
ledgment April  12,  1658,  and  its  probate,  Feb.  10, 
1658-9. 

In  addition  to  the  books  cited  by  MB.  ELLA- 
COMBE,  I  may  mention  Alumni  Etonenses,  22. ; 
Bridges's  Restituta,  ii.  240.,  iv.  7.  425.  458. ;  Lords' 
Journals,  vi.  419. ;  Fuller's  Worthies  (Cornwall). 

THOMPSON  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 

"  Branks  "  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  336.).  —  Much  satis- 
factory information  may  be  found  on  "  branks  " 
and  "jorgs,"  or  "jugges"  (Fr.  joug),  in  Dr.  Ja- 
mieson's  Scottish  Dictionary,  under  the  words.  I 
may  mention  that  till  about  twenty  years  since  a 
pair  of  these  jugges,  which  I  have  often  seen,  hung 
at  the  cross  steeple  (the  site  of  the  old  gaol)  in 
Glasgow.  They  wefe  near  what  was  called  the 
"  houf  door,"  or  entrance  to  the  common  staircase 
leading  up  to  the  prison.  Dangling  from  the 
wall  at  a  height  of  seven  to  eight  feet  above  the 
pavement  were  two  iron  chains  at  least  a  foot 
long,  and  at  the  end  of  each  an  iron  collar  for  en- 
circling the  necks  of  the  offenders,  who  must  have 
stood  on  some  block  of  stone  or  wood,  or  stool  to 
be  raised  to  the  proper  elevation.  It  is  said  one 
was  suffocated  before  proper  assistance  could  be 
rendered  from  the  support  having  been  acci- 
dentally kicked  away. 

It  is  yet  quite  common  among  us  to  hear  the 
term  "  branks  "  applied  to  the  collar  or  harnessing 
about  the  necks  of  work  horses,  and  I  believe  is 
also  still  used  in  the  country  as  a  particular  species 
of  muzzling  bridle.  G.  N". 

Broad  Arrow  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  412. ;  Vol.  vii., 
p.  360. ;  Vol.  viii.,  p.  440.).  —  Agreeably  to 
A.  C.  M.'s  suggestion,  that  previous  to  farther  re- 
search as  to  the  origin  of  the  broad  arrow,  it 
would  be  as  well  to  ascertain  how  long  it  has  been 
used  as  the  "king's  mark,"  I  beg  to  observe 
that  I  have  somewhere  seen  it  stated  that  this  go- 
vernment mark  was  first  adopted  in  the  days  of 
the  first  Edward,  when  "  the  iron  sleet  of  arrowy 
shower  "  was  so  formidable.  A.  C.  M.  will  perhaps 
find  a  confirmation  of  his  opinion  that  it  is  of 
Celtic  origin,  in  the  circumstance  of  its  having 
become  an  English  hieroglyphic  at  the  period 
when  Wales  was  first  subdued.  ARMIGER. 

Polygamy  among  the  Turks  (Vol.  x.,  p.  29.).  — 
When  in  London  in  the  summer  of  1846,  I  had 
the  pleasure  of  receiving  a  volume  of  poems  from 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


the  classical  author,  whom  nearly  three  years 
before  I  had  met  in  that  eastern  land  where  the 
Palm  Leaves  were  gathered. 

"  Eastward  roll  the  orbs  of  heaven, 
Westward  tend  the  thoughts  of  men : 
Let  the  poet,  nature  driven, 
AVander  eastward,  now  and  then." 

Richard  Monckton  Milnes. 

I  take  a  brief  extract  from  the  preface  of  this 
work,  p.  17.,  for  the  purpose  of  answering  the 
Query  of  G.  T.  H. : 

"  Polygamy  is  usually  spoken  of  as  the  universal  prac- 
tice of  the  East,  while  a  little  inquiry  will  inform  the  tra- 
veller that  it  ia  a  licence  almost  confined  to  the  very 
wealthy,  and  by  no  means  general  even  among  them.  A 
plurality  of  wives  implies  a  plurality  of  houses,  or  apart- 
ments, with  separate  establishments,  and  this  of  course 
can  be  seldom  afforded." 

w.w. 

Malta. 

Curious  Prints  (Vol.  x.,  p.  51.).  —  "  Midas  "  is 
Mr.  Gillam,  the  magistrate  under  whose  orders 
the  soldiers  fired  upon  the  mob  in  the  "  Wilkes 
and  Liberty  "  riot  in  St.  George's  Fields,  on  the 
10th  May,  1768.  Five  or  six  of  the  rioters  were 
killed,  and  he  was  prosecuted  for  the  murder,  but 
acquitted  (July  11)  on  the  close  of  the  case  for 
the  prosecution,  without  being  called  upon  for  his 
defence.  Party  spirit  was  then  strong  and  viru- 
lent. Malcolm  gives  an  account  of  some  out- 
rageous caricatures  on  both  sides ;  and  Horace 
Walpole  says  :  "  Whitfield,  who  had  a  mind  to  be 
tampering  with  these  commotions,  prayed  for 
Wilkes  before  his  sermon."  See  Malcolm's  His- 
torical Sketch  of  the  Art  of  Caricaturing,  p.  99. ; 
Horace  Walpole's  Memoirs  of  the  Reign  of 
George  III.,  vol.  iii.  p.  206. ;  and  Adolphus's 
History  of  England,  vol.i.  p.  312.,  ed.  1810. 

H.B.C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

Charles  Povey  (Vol.  x.,  p.  7.). — Your  corre- 
spondent, who  seeks  for  information  as  to  this 
ingenious  projector,  may  find  some  interesting 
matter  in  the  address  prefixed  to  one  of  his  specu- 
lative pamphlets,  viz.  Britain  s  Scheme  to  make  a 
New  Coin  of  Gold  and  Silver  to  give  in.  exchange 
for  Paper  Money  and  South  Sea  Stock,  8vo.,  1720. 
To  Povey  belongs  the  credit  of  having  projected 
and  set  on  foot  the  Sun  Fire  Office,  from  which 
I  believe  he  enjoyed  an  annuity.  Mr.  Francis,  in 
his  Annals,  Sfc.  of  Life  Assurance,  p.  59.,  mentions 
the  former  fact,  together  with  a  few  other  parti- 
culars ;  but  styles  the  promoter,  by  error,  John 
instead  of  Charles  Povey.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

Nicholas  Ferrar  and  George  Herbert  (Vol.  x., 
p.  58.).  —  Your  correspondent  MR.  MAYOR,  in  bis 
P.  S.,  p.  59.,  mentions  Edmund  Duncon  as  Her- 
bert's executor.  Was  he  so  ?  Iz.  Walton,  in  his 


Life  of  Herbert,  narrating  the  particulars  of  Dun- 
con's  visit  to  him  about  a  month  before  his  death, 
makes  Herbert  say  to  Duncon,  on  that  occasion : 
"  Sir,  /  see  by  your  habit  that  you  are  a  priest," 
&c.  An  inference  from  this  is,  I  think,  that  up  to 
that  period  they  were  personally  strangers  to 
each  other.  A  reference  to  the  same  biography 
will  show  that,  after  Duncon  left,  Herbert's  old 
friend  Woodnot  arrived ;  and  that  on  his  death- 
bed, Herbert,  having  desired  Mr.  Bostock  to  hand 
him  his  last  will  from  a  cabinet  in  the  room, 
"  delivered  it  into  the  hand  of  Mr.  Woodnot,  and 
said,  '  My  old  friend,  I  here  deliver  you  my  last 
will,  in  which  you  will  find  that  I  have  made  you 
sole  executor  for  the  good  of  my  wife  and  nieces,' " 
&c.  J.  K. 

Sons  of  Richard  III.  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  583.).  —  I 
question  Drake's  correctness  when  he  says  that 
Richard  knighted  his  natural  son  Richard  Plan- 
tagenet  at  York.  I  rather  think  that  he  alludes 
to  the  fact,  that  at  York,  in  1483,  Richard  ele- 
vated his  legitimate  son  Edward  to  the  rank  of 
Prince  of  Wales,  with  the  insignia  of  the  wreath 
and  golden  wand.  (See  Third  Continuation  of  the 
History  of  Croyland,  Bohn's  edition,  p.  490.) 

HENKY  T.  RILEY. 

Divining  Rod  (Vol.  x.,  p.  18.).  —  I  do  not  know 
what  may  have  been  advanced  upon  this  subject 
in  former  articles,  but  it  is  my  firm  conviction 
that  the  whole  effect  is  produced  simply  by  "  un- 
conscious employment  of  muscular  force,"  or,  more 
properly  speaking,  by  the  employment  of  muscu- 
lar force  without  recognising  the  effect  produced 
by  it.  When  I  first  came  into  this  neighbour- 
hood to  reside,  I  found  my  house  badly  supplied 
with  water,  although  there  were  two  wells  upon 
the  premises.  I  was  told  that  there  were  men, 
who  lived  a  few  miles  off,  whose  employment  was 
to  sink  wells,  and  find  the  proper  spots  for  so 
doing  by  means  of  the  divining  rod.  As  many  in- 
stances were  mentioned  of  their  having  done  so, 
as  at  Woolwich,  I  sent  for  them ;  and,  after  try- 
ing several  spots,  they  came  to  one  over  which 
the  stick  began  to  turn.  I  disbelieved  the  cause, 
and  offered  to  give  them  ten  pounds  if  they  found 
water  there,  and  nothing  if  they  should  fail.  They 
would  not  accept  my  offer,  although  if  they  had 
they  would  certainly  have  won  ;  for  the  fact  is, 
water  may  be  found  anywhere  if  only  you  go  to 
the  proper  depth.  I  say  proper  depth  :  for  if  you 
do  not  go  deep  enough,  you  do  not  meet  with  it ; 
and  if  you  go  too  deep,  you  get  through  the  pro- 
per rock  into  one  through  which  it  will  filter 
away.  Such,  at  least,  is  the  case  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood. I  cut  a  rod  for  myself,  grasped  it  in 
the  usual  manner  (in  which  the  whole  secret  lies), 
and  turned  it  wherever  I  chose.  Any  of  your 
readers  may  do  the  same,  and  make  the  rod  turn 
over  the  very  spots  where  others  have  decided,  by 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


the  same  means,  that  there  was  no  water  below. 
This  I  think  would  be  proof.  That  Lady  Noel 
should  find  her  fingers  hurt  by  the  stick  is  all  in 
favour  of  my  views.  The  harder  you  grasp  the 
stick  to  prevent  its  turning,  the  more  it  will  turn  ; 
till  it  breaks  to  pieces,  to  the  serious  inconveni- 
ence of  the  hand  that  holds  it.  I  should  like  to 
see  this  matter  decided  by  the  experiments  and 
acknowledgments  of  those  who  do  not  allow  that 
the  whole  effect  is  produced  unintentionally  by  the 
holder.  It  is  my  conviction  that  this  is  the  case. 

A  SOMEESETSHIRE  INCUMBENT. 

Second  Exhumation  of  King  Arthur's  Remains 
(Vol.  v.,  pp.  490.  598. ;  Vol.  vi.,  pp.  65.  68.).— An 
account  of  this  exhumation  is  to  be  found  in  the 
Histories  of  Glastonbury  by  Adam  de  Domerham 
and  John  of  Glastonbury,  published  by  the  inde- 
fatigable Hearne  (these  works  are  full  of  interesting 
information  ;  and  as  they  are  not  to  be  purchased 
for  less  than  five  guineas  each,  I  have  prepared  a 
translation  of  them  with  a  view  to  publication). 
The  second  exhumation  took  place  in  presence  of 
King  Edward  I.  and  his  Queen  Eleanor,  both  of 
whom  assisted  in  the  reinterment  of  the  bones.  It 
is  singular  that  Miss  Strickland  has  overlooked 
the  presence  of  Queen  Eleanor  on  this  interesting 
occasion.  The  first  exhumation  took  place  either 
in  the  last  year  of  Henry  II.,  or  the  first  of 
Richard  I. ;  it  is  somewhat  doubtful  which,  but 
most  probably  the  former.  HENBT  T.  RILET. 

Norfolk  Superstition  (Vol.  x.,  p.  88.).  —  I  be- 
lieve there  is  no  superstition  more  prevalent,  or 
more  deeply-rooted,  in  the  minds  of  the  people  of 
Norfolk,  than  the  "  limp  corpse."  In  the  city  of 
Norwich  it  is  as  firmly  believed  as  in  the  lone 
village.  The  "  warning"  has  very  recently  oc- 
curred in  my  own  family  ;  and  whether  fulfilled  or 
not  (barring  myself  being  the  "destined"),  you 
will  learn,  when  the  given  time  expires,  the  failing 
or  fulfilment  of  the  omen.  HENRY  DAVENEY. 

The  REV.  A.  SUTTON  is  respectfully  informed, 
that  a  similar  opinion  is  recorded  by  Grose,  the 
author  of  Military  Antiquities  and  other  reput- 
able works.  In  his  collection  of  Superstitions, 
p.  48.,  is  the  following  item  : 

"  If  the  neck  of  a  dead  child  remains  flexible  for  seve- 
ral hours  after  its  decease,  it  portends  that  some  person  in 
that  house  will  die  in  a  short  time." 

C.  H.  (1) 

Camden  Town. 

Moon's  Influence  (Vol.x.,  p.  8.).  —  It  is  a  very 
common  custom  among  the  farmers  and  peasantry 
of  Devonshire,  to  gather  in  the  hoard  fruit  at  the 
"  shrinking  of  the  moon."  I  should  also  add  the 
reason  given  for  this  custom,  viz.  that  apples, 
when  bruised  in  the  gathering  in,  do  not  decay 
afterwards.  L.  DE  CAUDEVILLE. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

A   PLAIN     AND  AUTHENTIC    NARRATIVE    OF  THE    SAMPFORD  GHOST,   bj   the 

TOOKF/S  DIVERSIONS  OF  PURLEY,  I  Vol.  or  2  Vols.  8vo. 

MARTIAL  VAHIORCM,  edition  Gronovius  or  Gnecius. 

An  imperfect  cony,  or  2nd  Volume,  of  Foxz's  MARTYRS.    Folio.    1533. 

An  imperfect  copy  of  the  BISHOPS'  BIBLE.    1574.    Folio. 

THE  BISHOPS'  BIBLE,  4to.,  1584,  with  the  First  Part  perfect. 

Title  to  small  4to.  BIBLE,  Cambridge,  1683.  Or  an  imperfect  copy,  with 
Title,  and  STKRNHOLD&  HOPKINS'  PSALMS  to  correspond. 

STEKNHOLD  &  HOPKINS'  PSALMS,  Cambridge,  1637.  Small  4to.  Or  an 
imperfect  copy  having  the  end. 

Small  4to.,  1612  ;  or  the  last  Part. 

A  small  work  on  the  IDENTITY  op  POPERY  AND  SOCINI  ANISM  IN  PRINCIPLE. 

JOSEPH  HUSSEY'S  GLORY  OF  CHRIST. 

The  first  three  leaves,  or  an  imperfect  copy  of  DR.  CRISP'S  SON'S  DE- 
FENCE OF  BIS  FATHER'S  SERMONS. 

H.  CORNELII  AORIPPA  OPERA.    Lyons,  1531.    Tom.  II. 

**»  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage,  free,  to  be 
sent  to  MR.  BEIX,  Publisher  of  "NOTES  AND  QUERIES," 
186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent  direct  to 
the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose : 

LETTER  TO  LORD  BYRON,  by  John  Bull.     London.    8vo.    1821. 
Wanted  by  Charles  Blackburn,  Leamington. 


BROUGHAM'S  STATESMEN.    3  Vols.  royal  8vo. 

BURGESS'  LIFE,  by  Matthew  Henry. 

BELL'S  QUADRUPEDS. 

AHCHSOLOOICAL  JOURNAL.    No.  XXXTI.  for  Dec.  1851. 

Wanted  by  T.  Kerslake,  Bookseller,  Park  Street,  Bristol. 


LONDON  MAGAZINE  for  1773,  T774,  and  1783,  and  Volumes  (if  any)  after 
June,  1785. 

Wanted  by  Frederick  Dinsdale,  Esq.,  Leamington. 


PUNCH.    Vol.  XXTV.,  numbers  or  bound. 
TUPPKR'S  HYMN  OF  ALL  NATIONS. 

THE  CONQUERORS  OF  THE  NEW  WORLD  AND  THEIR    BONDSMEN.     Vol. 
II.    Pickering. 

Wanted  by  Jno.  Western,  197.  Bradford  Street,  Birmingham. 


ANQUETII.  or  PERRON,  ZENDAVESTA  TRADUIT  ET   COMMENTS.      Vol.  II. 

4to.    Paris,  1771. 
MOLLER,  J.  H.,  DE  NCMIS  ORIENTALIBUS  IN  NCMOPHYLACIO  GOTUANO 

ASSERVATIS  COMMENTATE  Prima.    4to.    Gotha  ?  1828  ? 
RASMUSSEN,  JANUS,  ANNALES  ISLAMIC.®,  SIVE  TABULA  .  .  CHALIFARUM, 

ETC.    4to.    Hafniie,  1825. 

Particulars  to  be  addressed  to  Dr.  Scott,  4.  Rutland  Street,  Edinburgh. 


to 

We  are  induced  by  the  number  of  REPI  IES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  waiting 
for  insertion  to  omit  this  week  our  usual  NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ffC. 

3.  R.  G.  We  cannot  discover  any  document  giving  the  names  of  the 
officers  in  Cromwell's  army,  which  landed  in  Dublin,  August  15, 1649. 

LONDON  LABOUR  AND  THE  LONDON  POOR.  From  the  quantity  of  in- 
quiries I  daily  receive  from  all  imrts  of  the  country,  /know  you  would 
render  much  service  to  your  reader.-'  by  making  a  -Vote  that  63  ffos.  in  all 
were  issued  of  London  Labour  and  the  London  Poor,  by  Henry  Mayhew. 

GEO.  NEWBOLD. 


OCR  COR 


EU 


INDIES.  The  rpecimen  of  waxed 

paper  sent  to  us  exhibits  an  appearance  which  is  very  common,  and  which 
Hnrldiibtdi'pi'nil.*  11,11:11  an  unequal  derompotttionoft/K  I'miftitmnts  of  the 
waxed -paper.  It  is  a  <//>/Y.-i//r//  in  n-hich  ire  canwt  amift  you,  as  some  oj 
our  most  able,  photographic  friends  occanonaH^mtet  with  the  fame  failure. 
Some  have  consequently  altogether  discontinued  Hie  waxed-paper  pro- 
cess. 

HOPTON.  Tour  many  Queries  on  the  Daguerreotype  proce.-u  c,ml>l  only 
le  solved  by  personal  communication  n-itk  "  practised  Daouerreatupitt, 
You  might  consult  Gaudin's  Resume'  general  du  Daguerreotype. 

A  few  completesets  of"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES,"  Vols.  i.  to  ix.,pricefour 
guineas  and  a  half,  may  now  be  had.  For  these,  early  application  is 
desirable. 

"NOTES  AND  QUERIES"  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that  the 
Country  Jloukxellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels,  and 
deliver  them  to  tlieir  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES"  is  alao  issued  in  Monthly  Parts,  for  the  con- 
venience of  those  who  may  either  have  a  difficulty  in  procuring  the  un- 
stamped weekly  Numbers,  or  prefer  receiving  it  monthly.  While  parties 
resident  in  the  country  or  abroad,  who  may  be  desirous  of  receiving  tht. 
irm-khi  y-umbere.  man  have  stampi  d  copies  forwarded  direct  from  the 
Publisher.  The.  siilxn-riiition  for  t/te  stamped  edition  of  "NOTES  AND 
QUERIES  "  (including  a  very  copious  Index)  is  eleven  shillings  and  four- 
pence  for  six  month*,  which  mat/  be  paid  by  Post-Office  Order,  drawn  in 
favour  of  the  Publisher,  MK.  GEORGE  BELL,  No.  186.  Fleet  Street, 


AUG.  19.  1854.] 


XOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

«.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


T.  Grissel],  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.Lethbridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


H.  E.  Bicknell.  Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks, Jan.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 


Truefea. 

W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C. ;  George  Drew,  Esq. ; 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 
Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100Z..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits : 

Age  £  s.  d.  \  Age  £  *.  d. 

17  -  -  -  1  14  4  I  32-  -  -  2  10  8 
22  -  -  -  1  18  8  37-  -  -  2  18  6 
27-  -  -  2  4  5  I  42  -  -  -382 

ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6rf.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  ad.iitions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


riHUBB'S  LOCKS,  with  all  the 

V  I  recent  improvements.  Strong  fire-proof 
safes,  cash  and  deed  boxes.  Complete  lists  of 
sizes  and  prices  may  be  had  on  application. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  2S.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool  :  16-  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverlmmpton. 


ALLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 
ALE.  -  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Bnrton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments  : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  1 15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMIXGII  -«.M,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street, Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  he  ascertained  by  its  having  "ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


TMPERTAL    LIFE    INSU- 

JL  RANCE  COMPANY. 

1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 
Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  HIBBERT,  ESQ.,  Cliairman. 

WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Deputy- 
Chairman. 


The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
tliis  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  5007.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  5fl7.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  t.>rm  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750,0007,.,  of  which  nearly 
140,0007.  is  invested,  ft  om  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 

On  the  31st  October,  1851,  the  sums 
Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 
amounted  to  -       -       -       -       -    £2,500,000 
The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -         800,000 
And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 
same  source,  to      -       -       -       -          109,000 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  INGALL,  Actuary. 


PIANOFORTES,   25   Guineas 

L       each D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 

Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  hearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  r:cher  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perair.ent,  while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir, ordra wing-room.  (Sisrned) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Hlew- 
itt.  J.  Bri^/.i,  T.  P.  C'hipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasstf, 
J.  L.  Hatton.  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Lerfler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery.  S.  Nelson,  G.A.Osborne,  John 
Parry, H.  Panot  ka.  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praerar, 
E.  F.  Rimbuult.  r  rank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,  *c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square,    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


riOCOA-NUT    FIBRE    MAT- 

V>  TIN'G  nnd  MATS,  of  the  best  quality. 
—  The  Jury  of  Class  28.  Great  Exhibition, 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal  to  T,  TRELOAR, 
Cocoa-Nut  Fibre  Manufacturer,  42.  Ludgatc 
Hill,  London. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 

TWO   THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2*.  6(1. ;  double  size,  4s.  6<f. ;  7s.  6rf. 
equal  to  4  small;  Us.  to  6  small:  2 is.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifler  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is. :  Boxes,  2*.  6rf.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETIIAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street ; 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork:  BARRY,  B.  Main 
Strret.  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN.  Belfast  ; 
MT'RDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  8AN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street  ;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  t  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOOKE,  Bond  Street  t  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Sjze,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites. Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
v  ith  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
1  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  B,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6.  and  5  guineas.  Superior  I. ever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold.  27,  23,  nnd  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometcr.Gold, 
SO  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skillully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  •il.,Al.,  and  tt.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  251. 


Just  published,  price  2s.  6d.,  in  fancy  boards. 

THE       EARLY      DAYS      OF 
SHAKSPERE  ;  or.  The  Merry  Wass  of 
Warwickshire.    A  Drama,  by  HENRY  CUR- 
LING. 

GEORGE  R.  WRIGHT,  60.  Pall  Mall. 


THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 
RILLES,    composed    for    the    PIANO 
FORTE  by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 

London :  Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSDALE.  26.  Old  Bond 
Street ;  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 

PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


ROSS  &  SONS'  INSTANTA- 
NEOUS HAIR  DYE.  without  Smell, 
the  best  and  cheapest  extant —  ROSS  it  SONS 
have  several  private  apartments  devoted  en- 
tirely to  Dyeinz  the  Hair,  and  particularly  re- 
quest a  visit,  especially  from  the  incredulous, 
as  they  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  of  their 
hair,  witnout  charging,  of  any  colour  required, 
from  the  lightest  brown  to  the  darkest  black, 
to  convince  mem  of  its  effect. 

Sold  in  cases  at  3».  6d.,  is.  6(7.,  10*.,  15s.,  and 
20s.  each  case.  Likewise  wholesale  to  the 
Trade  by  trie  pint,  quart,  or  gallon. 

Address,  ROSS  ft  SONS,  119.  and  120.  Bi- 
fhopsgate  Street,  Six  Doors  from  Cornhill, 
London. 


DR.  DE  JONGH'S  LIGHT 
BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL.  The  most 
effectual  re-nedy  for  CONSUMPTION, 
BRONCHITIS,  ASTHMA,  GOUT,  RHEU- 
MATISM, and  all  SCROFULOUS  COM- 
PLAINTS. Pure  and  unadulterated,  con- 
taining all  its  most  active  and  essential 
principles— effectinz  a  cure  much  more  rapidly 
than  any  other  kind.  Prescribed  by  the  most 
eminent  Medical  Men,  and  supplied  to  the 
leading  Hospitals  of  Europe.  Half-pint 
bottles.  2*.  6d.  i  pints,  4s.  9d.,  IMPERIAL 
MEASURE.  Wholesale  and  Retail  DepOt, 

ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77.  Strand. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTE  WILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
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GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
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BOOKS    FOR     THE     SEA- 
SIDE. 


POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

BRITISH  ZOOPHITES.  By  the  REV.  DR. 
LANDSBOROUGH.  With  Twenty  Plates 
by  FITCH.  Royal  I6mo.  10s.  6d.  coloured. 

"  With  this  manual  of  Zoophytes,  and  tkat 
upon  Seaweeds  by  the  same  author,  the  student 
can  ramble  along  the  sea-shores,  and  glean 
knowledge  from  every  heap  of  tangled  weed 
that  lies  ill  his  pathway." — Liverpool  Standard. 

"Parents  who  sojourn  for  a  few  months  at 
the  sea-side  will  find  him  a  safe  and  profitable 
companion  for  their  children.  He  will  tell 
them  not  only  to  see,  but  to  think,  in  the  best 
acceptation  01  the  term  ;  and  he  is  moreover  a 
cheerful,  and  at  times  a  merry  teller  of  inci- 
dents belonging  to  his  subject."  —  Belfast 
Mercury. 

POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

MOLLUSCA  ;  or,  SHELLS  AND  THEIR 
ANIMAL  INHABITANTS.  By  MARY 
ROBERTS.  With  Eighteen  Plates  by  WING. 
Royal  16mo.  10s.  6d.  coloured. 

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ing account  of  the  formation  of  shells,  and  a 
popular  history  of  the  most  remarkable  shell- 
fish or  land  shell-animals.  It  will  prove  a  nice 
book  for  the  season,  or  for  any  time."  —  Spec- 
tator. 

"  The  plates  contain  no  fewer  than  ninety 
figures  of  shells,  with  their  animal  inhabitants, 
all  of  them  well,  and  several  admirably,  exe- 
cuted, and  that  the  text  is  written  throughout 
in  a  readable  and  even  el  gant  style,  with  such 
digressions  in  poetry  and  prose  as  serve  to  re- 
lieve its  scientific  details,  we  think  that  we 
have  said  enough  to  jurtify  the  favourable 
opinion  we  have  expressed.1'  —  British  and 
Foreign  Medico- Chirurgical  Review. 

POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

BRITISH  SEAWEEDS,  comprising:  all    the 

MARINE  PLANTS.   By  the  HEV.  DAVID 

LANOSBOROUGH.  Second  Edition.  With 
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handbook  for  every  resident  on  the  sea- 
shore."—  Economist.  . 

"  Profusely  illustrated  with  specimens  of  the 
various  sea-weeds,  beautifully  drawn  and  ex- 
quisitely coloured."  —  Sun. 

PHYCOLOGIA        BRITAN- 

NICA  ;  or,  HISTORY  OF  THE  BRITISH 
SEAWEEDS  ;  containing  Coloured  Figures 
and  descriptions  of  all  the  species  of  Alga;  in- 
habiting the  shores  of  the  British  Islands. 
By  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARVEY,  M.  D., 
M.R.I.  A.,  Keeper  of  the  Herbarium  of  the 
University  of  Dublin,  and  Professor  of  Botany 
to  the  Dublin  Society.  The  price  of  the  work, 
complete,  strongly  bound  in  cloth,  is  as  fol- 
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£    s.    d, 
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racter, whilst  those  who  desire  merely  to  know 
the  names  and  history  uf  the  lovely  plants 
which  they  gather  on  the  sea-shore,  will  find 
in  it  the  laithful  portraiture  of  every  one  of 
them."  —  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural 
History. 

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TRAVELS  ON   THE   AMA- 

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ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  BRI- 
TISH MYCOLOGY.  By  MRS.  HUSSEY. 
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Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefteld  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  m  the  Pansh  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ; Una  published  by  GEORGE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstau  in  the  West,  in  the 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 
TOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  252.] 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  26.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
I  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

NOTRS  :  —  Page 

Memoirs  of  Grammont  :  the  Count  de 

Malta,  by  W.H.  Lammin  -  -  157 
Lancashire  Song  -  158 

Christopher  Clavius,  by  Professor  De 

Morgan  -  -  -  -  -  158 

Lfgends  of  the  County  Clare,  by  Francis 

Kobert  Davies  -  -  -  -  159 

Gray  and  Stephen  Duck,  by  Henry  T. 

Riley        -         -         -          -         -    160 

MINOR  NOTKS  :  —  "Old  Bogie"  not  a 
fictiiious  Character  —  Academical 
Degrees,  especially  in  La*  —  "  The 
Perverse  Widow  "  _  "  Dombey  and 
Son"  —  Northumbrian  Burr  —  Bishop 
Cartwright  -  -  -  -  160 

QUERIES  :  — 

The  Pope  Sitting  on  the  Altar    -  -    161 

"Where  was  Thomas  Sampson  the  Puri- 
tan born  ?  -  -  -  -  1C2 

MINOR  QUERIES:  —  Tindal  MSS._ Lines 
on  the  Marquis  of  Anglesey  —  Picta- 
veus  ;  Tnnkersley  —  Edward  Hyde, 
Earl  of  Clarendon  —  Gavclkind  at 
Croyland  _  Etymology  of  the  Title 
"  Count "  _  Sabbatine  Bull — "  Credo 
Domine,"&c.—  'Solyman"  —  Indices 
published  in  present  Century  — J.  H. 
Cainpbc  11  —  Bean  Feasts  —  Bibliogra- 
phical Queries  —  The  troublesome  Ba- 
ronet—Sir Richard  Ratcliffe  — He- 
raldic —  Kaleidoscope  —  Brasses  of 
Notaries  —  Lancashire  Record  —  Cus- 
tom of  .establishing  Fairs  in  Korth 
Devon  —  Letters  of  Thomas  Moore  — 
General  Guyon  ;  Kurschid  Pasha  — 
Damian  —  Austrian  Passports  -  162 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS:  — 
Winchelsea  Monuments  —  Bermond- 
sey  Abbey  — "Cultiver  mon  Jardiu"  166 

REPLIES  :  _ 

"TheDunciad"     -          -  -  -    166 

Swift  and  "  The  Tatler,'vby  Jas .  Cross- 
ley  -          -    ler 
Chinese  Language,  by  Thomas  Bellot, 

Surgeon.  R.N.     -  -          -          -    168 

Recent  Curiosities  of  Literature  -          -    168 
Franklin's  Parable,  by  C.  W.  Bingham     169 
Arms  of  Geneva,  by  G.  Gervais  -          -    169 
Exposition  of  Joshua  x.  12, 13.,  by  Henry 
AValter      -          -  -          -  -    171 

Camera — Photographic  Queries,  with 
Replies 171 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  — Mr. 
Jekyll  and  the  "  Tears  of  the  Cruets  " 

—  "  Coaches  "    —  Patrick     Carey  — 
"  Nagging  "  —  Francklyn   Household 
Book  :  Jumballs  —  "  Quid  fades,"  &c. 

—  Ought  and  Aught— Good  Times  for 
Equity  Suitors— Widdecombe  Folks 
are  picking   their   Geese  —  "Tace," 
Latin  for  a  Candle  —  Puritan   Anti- 
pathy to  Custard  —  Land  of    Green 
Ginger  —  Books  chained  to  Desks  in. 
Churches  —  Green     F.yes  —  Chinese 
Proverbs  —  Colonel  St.  Leger,  &c. 

MISCELLANEOUS  : — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.          .... 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


"1 

175   f 


VOL.   X — No.  252. 


Multae  terricolis  lingua!,  ccclestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LTJ  AND  SONS' 


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London  :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON, 
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LIVER  CRO^HVELL.— Fac- 

\r  similes  of  Two  Ancient  Newspapers : 
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[No.  252. 


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INDEX  TO  THE  CONTENTS  : 

African  Lilies 

Ly  chn  is  ,  Double 

Agapanthus 

Marigold 

Anemones 

Marjoram 

Annuals 

Manures 

Apples 

Marvel  of  Peru 

Apricots 
Auriculas 

Mesembryanthemums 
Mignonette 

Beans 

Mint 

Beet 

Mushroom 

Biennials 

Mustard 

Black  Fly 

Narcissus 

Books,  list  of,  for  Cot- 
tagers 

Nemuphilas 
CEnothera  bifrons 

Bonutt 

Onions 

Borecole 

PiEonies 

Box  e  gings 

Parsnip 

Broccoli 

Parsley 

Brussels  Sprouts 

Peaches 

Budding 

Pea-haulm 

Bulbs 

Pears 

Cabbage 

Peas 

Cactus 

Pelargoniums 

Calceolarias 

Perennials 

Cal  ifornian  Annuals 

Persian  Iris 

Campanulas 
Carnations 

Petunias 
Phlox 

Carrots 

Pigs 

Cauliflowers 

Pinks 

Celery 

Planting 

Cherries 

Plums 

China  Asters 

Polyanthus 

China  Roses 

Potatoes 

Chrysanthemums, 

Privet 

Chinese 

Pruning 

Chives 

Propagate  by  cuttings 

Clarkias 

Pyracantha 

Clemitis 

Radishes 

Collinsias 

R  nnnculus 

Coleworts 

P-isiiberries 

Cress 

Rhubarb 

Creepers 

Rockets 

Crocus 

Roses 

Crown  Imperials 
Cucumbers 

Rue 
Rustic  Vases 

Cultivation  of  Flowers 

Sage 

in  Windows 

Salvias 

Currants 

Savoys 

Dahlias 

Saxifrage 

Daisies 

Scarlet  Runner  Beans 

Doer's-  tooth  Violets 

Seeds 

Exhibitions,    prepar- 

Sea Daisy  or  Thrift 

ing  articles  for 

Scakale 

Ferns,  as  protection 

SeKct  Flowers 

Fruit 

Select  Vegetables  and 

Fruit  Cookery 

Fruit 

Fuchsias 

Slugs 

Gt-ntianella 

^nowdrops 

Gilias 

Soups 

Gooseberries 

Spinach 

Grafting 

Spruce  Fir 

Grapes 

Spur  pruning 

Green  Fly 

Stews 

Heartsease 

Stocks 

Herbs 

Strawberries 

Herbaceous       Peren- 

Summer Savory 

nials 

Sweet  Williams 

Heliotrope 

Thorn  Hedges 

Hollyhocks 

Thyme 

Honeysuckle 

Tigridia  Pavonia 

Horse-radish 

Transplanting 

Hyacinths 

Tree  lifting 

Hydrangeas 

Tulips 

Hyssop 

Turnips 

Indian  Cresa 

A'ege  table  Cookery 

Iris 

Venus's         Looking- 

Kidney  Beans 

glass 

Lavender 

Verbenas 

Layering 

Vines 

Leeks 

Virginian  Stocks 

Leptosiphons 

Wallflowers 

Lettuce 

Willows 

Lobelias 

Zinnias 

London  Pride 

Illustrated  with  several  Woodcuts. 

Published  by  J.  MATTHEWS,  5.  Upper  Wel- 

lington Street,  Covcut  Garden,  London. 

AUG.  26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUSTS,  1854. 


MEMOIRS  OP  GEAMMONT  :   THE   COUNT  DE  MATTA. 

(Continued  from  p.  139.) 

Matta  eagerly  embraced  the  party  of  the  Fronde. 
Cardinal  de  Retz  mentions  him  as  accompanying 
the  Marquis  de  Noirmoutier  and  others  to  the 
Hotel  de  Ville  on  January  11,  1648-9,  to  the 
apartments  of  the  Duchess  de  Longueville,  which 
were  full  of  ladies.  The  duchess,  who  was  the 
sister  of  the  Princes  of  Conde  and  Conti,  was  the 
soul  of  the  party  at  that  time.  She  had  just  had 
a  child,  whom,  in  compliment  to  the  City  and 
Parliament,  she  had  baptized  as  Charles  Paris. 
He  was  afterwards  killed  through  his  own  mis- 
conduct at  the  celebrated  passage  of  the  Rhine. 
The  cardinal  narrates  that  "  the  mixture  of  the 
ladies'  blue  scarfs,  the  men  in  armour,  the  fiddlers 
within  the  hall  and  the  trumpets  without,  made 
up  a  spectacle  which  is  oftener  found  in  romances 
than  anywhere  else."  On  January  18  the  cardi- 
nal informs  us  that  he  and  the  Dukes  of  Beau- 
fort and  Bouillon,  Matta,  and  others  signed  a 
document  whereby  they  engaged  to  stand  by  each 
other. 

In  1649  Madame  de  Motteville  relates  that,  in 
the  demand  sent  to  the  Court  and  Cardinal  Maza- 
rin  by  the  Prince  of  Conti,  who  was  then  the  leader 
of  the  party,  — 

"  Monsieur  the  Count  de  Matha  demanded  the  payment 
of  his  pension  of  1200  crowns,  of  which  he  had  received 
nothing  for  six  years  ;  that  the  letter  sent  to  Monsieur 
de  Fontrailles  should  be  revoked,  and  a  brevet  of  Mare- 
chal  de  Camp  should  be  given  to  Monsieur  de  Crenan." 

In  the  same  year  we  find  Matta,  in  company 
with  the  Duke  de  Brissac,  Fontrailles,  and  some 
other  Frondeurs,  after  making  a  great  banquet 
with  the  Count  de  Termes,  sallying  out  intoxi- 
cated and  scouring  the  streets,  committing  a 
thousand  extravagances.  Meeting  two  of  the 
king's  servants,  they  forgot  the  respect  they  owed 
his  Majesty,  and  abused  and  beat  them  shame- 
fully, and  told  them  to  take  that  to  their  master, 
to  the  queen,  and  to  Cardinal  Mazarin.  By  the 
advice  of  the  cardinal,  the  queen  regent  took  no 
notice  of  this  outrage,  owing  to  the  bad  state  of 
the  royal  affairs  in  Paris  ;  so  the  authors  went  un- 
punished. 

The  Duchess  de  Nemours,  in  writing  of  the 
principal  actors  in  the  Fronde,  says,  — 

"  Matta  ranged  himself  on  the  side  of  the  Parliament  ; 
but  he  did  not  make  much  of  a  figure  there.  I  have  not 
even  heard  say  that  he  acted  otherwise  than  as  General  of 
the  Posts  -which  belonged  to  Nouveau,  his  brother-in- 
law." 

Another  author  informs  us  that  Nouveau  wanted 
the  appointment  of  Secretary  of  State. 


During  the  conferences  at  Ruel,  in  March, 
1649,  for  an  accommodation  with  the  Court,  when 
each  of  the  Frondeurs  tried  to  make  the  best 
terms  for  himself,  Cardinal  de  Retz  writes,  — 

"  I  found  the  Duke  de  Brissac  to  be  the  only  man  that 
did  not  come  in  at  that  time  with  his  pretensions ;  but 
Matha.  a  man  of  little  brains,  having  persuaded  him  that 
he  was  wronging  himself,  put  him  upon  retrieving  that 
false  step  by  demanding  afterwards  a  post  which  you  shall 
in  due  time  hear  of." 

After  the  amnesty  the  cardinal  still  kept  a  little 
party  together,  and  thus  writes  of  them : 

"  Among  those  who  remained  united  with  me  were 
Messrs,  de  Brissac,  de  Vitri,  de  Matha,  and  de  Fontrailles, 
but  the  benefit  I  received  by  it  was  mixed  with  great  in- 
convenience. These  nobles  were  prodigiously  debauched, 
and  the  public  licentiousness  giving  them  still  a  free 
scope,  they  every  day  fell  into  excesses,  that  grew  at  last 
scandalous.  One  day,  after  they  had  dined  together  at 
Coulon's,  they  met  as  they  came  back  a  funeral  proces- 
sion, which  they  charged,  sword  in  hand,  shouting  out  to 
the  crucifix,  '  Here's  the  enemy ! '  Another  time  they  fell 
in  a  rude  manner  on  one  of  the  king's  footmen.  In  their 
drunken  songs  God  Almighty  himself  was  not  always 
spared.  This  behaviour  of  theirs  was  an  occasion  of 
trouble  to  me." 

On  the  conclusion  of  the  war  of  the  Fronde  we 
lose  sight  of  Matta  for  some  years :  he  had  most 
probably  to  retire  to  his  estates,  like  others  of  his 
party,  including  even  Gaston,  Duke  of  Orleans, 
the  king's  uncle,  and  his  daughter  the  "  Grande 
Mademoiselle."  Matta  does  not  appear  to  have 
followed  the  Prince  of  Conde  in  his  retreat 
amongst  the  Spaniards.  We  find  Mademoiselle 
relating  that,  after  one  of  her  visits  to  her  father 
at  Orleans,  on  her  return  to  St.  Fargeau,  she 
found  "  the  company  of  the  province  augmented 
by  Monsieur  de  Mathas,  his  wife,  and  sister,  Ma- 
demoiselle de  Bourdeille.  As  he  had  been  in  the 
interest  of  monsieur  the  prince  (of  Conde),  he  was 
very  glad  to  remove  himself  from  Guienne,  where 
had  been  all  the  disorder,  to  dwell  on  an  estate  in 
Nivernois  called  St.  Amand,  which  is  but  three 
leagues  from  St.  Fargeau."  This  had  been  the 
estate  of  his  brother  Francis,  who  was  styled  the 
Seigneur  de  St.  Amand.  "  He  is,"  continues 
Mademoiselle,  "  a  man  who  has  wit,  very  pleasant 
in  conversation,  and  who  games.  His  sister  also 
is  a  very  nice  girl.  They  did  not  stir  from  St. 
Fargeau."  This  must  have  been  in  the  years 
1653  or  1654.  On  January  1,  1655,  Madlle  re- 
cords a  sad  accident  which  occurred  during  a  visit 
of  Monsieur  and  Madame  de  Mathas,  who  were 
going  to  Paris.  Monsieur  de  la  Boulenerie  fell 
into  the  fosse  and  broke  his  neck.  A  year  or 
two  afterwards  Madlle,  then  at  Corbeil,  writes,  — 

"  Monsieur  de  Matta  came  also.  I  believe  the  inclin- 
ation he  had  for  Madame  de  Frontenac  (one  of  her  ladies 
of  honour)  gave  no  displeasure  there.  I  believe  she 
thought  him  a  very  good  sort  of  man,  as  he  is,  and  did 
not  care  to  disguise  that  his  conversation  was  agreeable 
to  her.  I  remember  she  was  all  day  talking  to  him  at  a 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


•window,  without  thinking  that  it  was  her  duty  to  remain 
with  the  ladies  who  came  to  see  me,  and  to  do  the  honours 
of  my  house.  I  was  obliged  to  call  her,  and  make  her  a 
reprimand,  which  embarrassed  her  very  much :  she  did 
not  know  how  to  answer." 

In  1659  Malta  accompanied  Madlle  to  Sedan, 
on  her  recall  to  the  Court.  The  queen  mother 
inquired  of  her  "  what  has  Malta  come  to  do 
here."  Madlle  knew  nothing  about  it.  On 
Madlle's  leaving  the  Court,  Malta  accompanied 
her  to  Paris,  where  she  mentions  his  coming 
to  her  and  speaking  warmly  in  favour  of  the 
Countess  de  Frontenac,  whom  Madlle  had  re- 
moved from  being  one  of  her  ladies ;  Matta  ven- 
tured to  threaten  Madlle  with  the  anger  of  her 
father,  the  Duke  of  Orleans.  Madlle  writes, — 

"  They  brought  me  some  food,  and  very  apropos,  for  his 
conversation,  began  to  make  me  very  angry ;  and  if  he 
had  not  been  thus  interrupted,  I  would  have  had  him 
thrown  out  of  the  window." 

We  have  no  particulars  of  Malta's  future  life : 
we  meet  with  him  occasionally,  contributing  his 
share  in  the  brilliant  and  witty  conversation  of 
the  salons  of  Madame  Scarron  and  Ninon  de 
1'Enclos.  He  was  celebrated  for  his  stories  and 
repartees.  Madame  de  Caylus  praises  his  simple 
and  natural  disposition,  and  his  humour,  as  render- 
ing him  the  most  delightful  society  in  the  world. 

Malta  resigned  his  commission  in  the  Guards 
in  1673,  after  the  death  of  Francis  Sicaire,  Mar- 
quis de  Bourdeille,  his  cousin-german  of  the  elder 
line  of  his  family,  which  happened  in  1672.  Matta 
claimed  his  estates,  but  his  family  were  not  ad- 
judged entitled  to  them  by  the  Parliament  of 
Grenoble  until  1678,  and  then  they  were  so 
loaded  with  debts  that  little  more  than  the  titles 
they  conferred  was  obtained. 

Matla  died  at  Paris  on  July  14,  1674,  and  was 
buried  on  the  16th  in  the  church  of  the  Bare- 
footed Carmelites.  He  died  as  he  had  lived. 
"  Matta  died  without  confession,"  writes  Madame 
de  Maintenon  to  her  brother  on  Sept.  6,  1674. 
Madame  de  Matta  survived  her  husband,  and  died 
on  July  14,  1689,  aged  about  sixty  years,  and  was 
buried  the  next  day  near  him.  W.  H.  LAMMIN. 

Fulham. 


THE   LANCASHIRE    SONG. 

In  Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  p.  188.,  this  song, 
often  quoted  by  Sir  W.  Scott,  is  given,  wilh  re- 
ferences to  previous  publicalions  of  il  in  Wit  and 
Drollery,  1661,  Dryden's  Miscellanies,  and  in  a 
more  modern  work.  The  lasl  was,  perhaps,  The 
Choice,  1733,  where  it  occurs  in  the  third  volume. 

From  the  following  reasons  I  am  inclined  to 
refer  the  date  of  the  song  to  October  1536,  and 
the  commencement  of  the  "  Pilgrimage  of  Grace ;" 
and  of  course  to  consider  the  Lord  Monteagle 
mentioned  to  be  Thomas  Stanley,  who  died  in 


1560,  and  to  vary  from  Ritson's  conjecture  as  to 
his  being  William  Stanley,  who  succeeded  him  in 
that  year.  The  mention  of  an  Abbot  of  Chester 
is  sufficient  disproof. 

Amongst  constant  allusions  to  a  subject  pre- 
viously "  unpleasant  to  the  married  ear "  of 
royalty,  the  song  mentions  the  position  of  "  Sir 
Percy  "  under  the  line,  prays  for  the  safety  of  the 
"  good  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,"  notices  the  full  mill- 
streams  of  "  Doncaster's  mayor,"  and  his  embar- 
rassments from  wine  and  gout ;  the  dangers  of  a 
galloper  on  Blackstone  Edge,  and  the  death  of 
Lord  Monteagle's  bears  and  jackanapes.  Then 
follows  the  non-existence  of  a  "  haven  in  Skipton," 
allusion  to  failure  of  Joan  Moulton's  (or  Malton's) 
Cross,  and  the  frailty  of  "  the  wife  of  the  Swan," 
and  the  Prior  of  Courtree's  (Cov'ntree's)  prepara- 
tions for  festivity,  with  the  expected  demise  of  the 
Abbot  of  Chester.  The  concluding  stanza  desires 
Lancashire  to  "  sell  its  old  whittle  (Whittal  R.), 
buy  a  new  fiddle,  and  sing  God  save  the  Queen." 

The  date  above  mentioned,  October  1536,  seems 
to  be  fixed  by  the  words  in  Italics.  In  that  month 
Shrewsbury  had  ventured  on  an  unaulhorised 
levy  to  oppose  the  advance  of  Aske,  Sir  Thomas 
Percy,  and  others.  (See  Lord  Herbert's  Hist. 
Kennett,  vol.  ii.  p.  206.)  The  swollen  streams  at 
Doncaster  twice  stayed  the  progress  of  the  rebels 
(Ibid.),  and  notwithstanding  ecclesiastical  treason 
at  Whalley  and  Salley,  and  disloyalty  of  retainers, 
the  Cliffords  were  faithful,  and  held  Skipton  Castle 
for  a  time.  (Compare  Herbert  and  Whitaker's 
Craven,  p.  340.)  At  the  same  time  John  Birch- 
enshaw,  Abbot  of  Chester,  may  be  presumed  to 
have  been  in  his  last  sickness,  for  his  place  was 
shortly  void  by  death.  (See  Hist.  Cheshire,  vol.  i. 
p.  216.,  and  Willis.)  The  Queen,  who  is  recom- 
mended to  the  new  fiddle,  and  to  the  prayers  of 
Lancashire,  would  clearly  be  Jane  Seymour, 
married  five  months  previously. 

Space  does  not  allow  comment  on  the  other 
points,  but  they  seem  to  involve  considerations, 
perhaps  of  historical,  and  certainly  of  local  interest. 

LANCASTRIENSIS. 


CHRISTOPHER    CLAVIUS. 

In  1 850, 1  picked  up  a  copy  of  Albertus  Pighius, 
De  CEquinoctiorum  solsticiorumque  inventione  .  .  . 
ejusdem  de  ratione  paschalis  celebrationis,  deque 
restitutione  ecclesiastici  calendarii  (folio,  Paris, 
circa  1520).  At  the  top  of  the  title  was  the 
•written  name  of  an  owner,  partly  worn  out,  but 
distinctly  leaving  hristophor ;  followed  by  a  capi- 
tal C,  an  effaced  long  letter,  the  bottom  of  an  a, 
a  beginning  of  some  letter  broader  than  v,  and  ii ; 
with  the  date  1556,  or  possibly  (the  top  of  the 
6  being  doubtful)  1558.  The  second  5  is  worn  at 
the  top,  and  it  may  be  suggested  that  the  figure  was 
8  :  but  too  much  of  it  is  left,  and  the  resemblance 


AUG.  26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


159 


to  the  first  5  is  indubitable.  There  was  then  every 
appearance  of  Christophori  Clavii,  1556.  The  most 
doubtful  point  was  the  quantity  of  space  left  for 
the  v.  Seeing,  in  the  establishment  of  this  signa- 
ture, an  illustration  of  a  point  worth  illustrating,  I 
had  the  case  brought  before  some  members  of  the 
order  of  Jesuits  in  London :  and  these  gentlemen, 
knowing  that  manuscripts  of  Clavius  are  pre- 
served in  the  archives  of  their  order  at  Rome,  had 
the  kindness  to  procure  a  tracing,  which  was  for- 
warded to  me.  It  is  as  follows :  "  Vidi  tabulas 
stellarum  fixarum  a  P.  Christophoro  Grienbergen 
calculatas,  easq'  iudico  dignos,  quae  imprimantur. 
Christophorus  Clauius."  Grienbergen's  Tabulce 
peculiares  (the  earliest  work  in  which  the  gno- 
monic  projection  of  the  sphere  was  systematically 
treated)  was  published  in  1612  :  probably,  then, 
Clavius  (born  1538,  died  1612)  was  upwards  of 
seventy  when  the  above  paragraph  was  written. 
If  the  writing  in  the  book  be  his,  he  was  not  more 
than  eighteen  (or  twenty,  at  the  utmost,)  when  he 
bought  the  book. 

The  writing  and  the  tracing  agree  remarkably, 
both  in  character  and  detail.  In  both,  the  s  is 
joined  to  the  top  of  the  t,  which  is  crossed  very 
low  down :  the  h  is  hooked  at  the  top,  and  the  r 
is  of  precisely  the  same  form  in  both ;  and  so  on. 
There  is  somewhat  more  flourish  in  the  written 
than  in  the  traced  signature,  being  the  sort  of 
difference  we  expect  between  the  hand  of  youth 
and  that  of  age :  and  in  particular,  the  C  which 
commences  Clauhis  in  the  tracing  cannot  be  called 
a  capital  letter.  The  u  which  is  written  instead  of 
v,  in  the  middle'of  the  surname,  seems  to  explain  the 
superabundant  space  which  made  me  doubt  when 
I  first  examined  it.  The  resemblance  is  so  great, 
that  if  the  two  writings  were  known  to  be  of  one 
man,  and  the  times  only  were  in  question,  it  would 
be  difficult  to  believe  that  one  signature  was 
written  at  eighteen,  and  the  other  at  seventy. 
Not  to  be  too  hasty,  I  put  both  the  writings  aside, 
in  order  to  examine  them  repeatedly  before  allow- 
ing myself  to  come  to  a  final  decision  :  and  I  find, 
after  four  years,  that  I  am  thoroughly  convinced 
my  first  suspicion  is  correct. 

In  1555,  Clavius  entered  the  Jesuits'  College'at 
Rome  :  in  1577,  or  shortly  after,  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  commission  for  regulating  the 
details  of  the  reformation  of  the  calendar ;  and 
of  this  commission  he  is  known  to  have  been  the 
working  member.  It  appears  then,  that  he  was 
not  selected  only  as  a  learned  commentator  on 
astronomical  writings,  but  as  a  person  who  had 
made  the  calendar  his  special  study. 

It  seems  to  me,  on  examining  the  work  of 
Pighius,  that  there  are  curious  agreements  be- 
tween him  and  Clavius,  both  in  tone  and  thought, 
and,  in  certain  cases,  even  of  expression.  But  to 
develope  this  point  would  take  too  much  room. 

A.  DE  MOEGAN. 


LEGENDS  OF  THE  COUNTT  CLARE. 

About  half  a  mile  from  the  lake  of  Inchiquin 
(some  legends  of  which  have  already  appeared 
in  "N.  £  Q.")  is  situated  the  small  lake  of 
Ziermacbran;  high  lime  stone  cliffs  nearly  sur- 
round it,  one  of  which  is  ^crowned  with  the 
picturesque  ruins  of  an  old  castle,  while  the  cliff 
immediately  opposite  has  been  occupied  by  the 
eyry  of  a  falcon  for  many  years :  no  stream  ap- 
pears to  flow  into  or  out  of  the  lake.  A  solitary 
coot  may  generally  be  seen  floating  motionless  in 
the  dark  sullen  water,  and  a  hawk  hangs  poised  in 
mid  air  over  it,  or  slowly  circles  round,  uttering  a 
harsh  scream  from  time  to  time:  altogether,  a 
more  eerie  spot  could  not  be  easily  found.  The 
lake  is  popularly  believed  to  be  unfathomable,  and 
though  supposed  to  contain  fish  of  fabulous  size, 
it  would  not  be  easy  to  tempt  the  most  zealous 
disciple  of  Izaak  Walton  among  the  peasantry  to 
cast  a  line  upon  the  sullen  waters.  The  following 
legend  accounts  for  the  awe  with  which  the  lake  is 
regarded. — Once  upon  a  time  Fuenvicouil  (Fin- 
gall)  went  out  with  his  attendant  chieftains  to 
hunt  upon  the  heath- covered  sides  of  Mount  Cal- 
law,  famous  as  being  the  burial-place  of  Conan, 
whose  monument  with  its  Oghden  inscription  is 
still  extant ;  a  noble  hart,  snow-white,  whose  hoofs 
and  horns  shone  like  gold,  was  soon  started,  and 
eagerly  did  the  chieftains  urge  their  hounds  in 
pursuit.  Hour  after  hour  passed  on,  and  still  the 
deer  sped  on  with  unabated  vigour,  while  one  by 
one  hunter  and  hound  dropped  exhausted  from  the 
chace — till  none  were  left  but  Fuenvicouil  and 
his  matchless  hound,  the  snow-white  Bran ;  and 
now,  as  the  sun  was  fast  declining,  the  wondrous 
hart  reached  the  cliff  over  the  lake  where  the  ruins 
of  the  old  castle  now  stand.  A  moment's  pause, 
and  it  plunged  into  the  lake,  followed  almost  in- 
stantaneously by  the  gallant  hound :  the  moment 
the  ;deer  touched  the  water  it  vanished,  while 
instead  appeared  a  beautiful  lady  seated  on  the 
rippling  waves,  and  as  the  noble  dog  rose  to  the 
surface  from  his  plunge  she  laid  her  hand  on  his 
head  and  submerged  him  for  ever !  and  then  dis- 
appeared. Some  relate  in  addition  that  she  in- 
flicted a  curse  on  Fuenvicouil.  In  memory  of  the 
event  the  cliff  from  which  the  dog  sprung  is  called 
"  Gregg  y  Bran ;"  while  the  lake  and  castle  are 
called  by  the  name  of  "  Ziernach  Bran,"  —  "  the 
lordship  of  Bran,"  corrupted  in  conversation  to 
"  Ziermacbran."  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the 
"  machinery  "  of  this  legend  is  so  peculiarly  that 
of  the  metrical  romances  (see  Partenopex  of  Blois, 
&c.).  Somewhat  different  versions  of  it  are  given  in 
Miss  Brooke's  Translations  of  Irish  Poetry,  and  in 
the  spirited  translations  by  Dr.  Drummond  ;  but 
as  in  Clare  alone  have  the  lake  and  cliff  obtained 
names  from  the  event,  we  may  claim  the  legend 
as  peculiar  to  that  county.  The  old  castle,  once 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  252 


the  property  of  the  B— — d  family,  whose  mansion 

of  B, n  within  a  mile  of  it  is  still  (strange  to 

say  for  Ireland)  inhabited  by  a  member  of  the 
family,  as  it  had  been  for  the  last  three  hundred 
years,  was  destroyed  by  lightning :  most  of  the 
inhabitants  had  time  to  make  their  escape,  but  the 
heir  of  the  family,  a  young  child,  was  left  behind, 
and  more  than  a  week  afterwards  was  discovered 
alive  and  unhurt  under  the  great  table  which  stood 
in  the  great  hall,  and  which  now  groaned  under 
the  mass  of  ruins  instead  of  the  rich  banquets 
which  used  to  grace  its  ample  surface.  This  event 
took  place  only  about  sixty  or  seventy  years  ago. 
I  have  conversed  with  persons  cognizant  of  the 
fact.  FEANCIS  ROBERT  DAVIES. 


GRAY   AND   STEPHEN   DtJCK. 

It  may  appear  somewhat  surprising  that  Gray 
was  in  any  way  indebted  for  a  notion  to  Queen 
Caroline's  thrasher  poet,  but  I  cannot  help  think- 
ing that  such  was  the  fact. 

In  the  Midsummer  Wish,  printed  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  February,  1731,  speaking  of 
Windsor,  Duck  says : 

"  Where  tufted  grass  and  mossy  beds 

Afford  a  rural,  calm  repose — 
His  crystal  current  Thames  displays, 

Through  meadows  sweet  by  flowers  made, 
Along  the  smiling  valleys  plays, 

And  bubbling  springs"  refresh  the  glade." 

These  lines  are  somewhat  similar  to  those  in  Gray's 
Poem,  "  On  a  distant  Prospect  of  Eton  College." 
"And ye  that  from  the  stately  brow 
Of  Windsor's  heights  th'  expanse  below 

Of  grove,  of  lawn,  of  mead  survey ; 
Whose  turf,  whose  shade,  whose  flowers  among 
Wanders  the  hoary  Thames  along 
His  silver-winding  way." 

But  in  the  lines  which,  in  both  poems,  almost 
immediately  follow,  there  is  a  still  greater  re- 
semblance :  and  if  Gray  was  not  indebted  to  Duck 
in  this  instance,  it  is  a  curious  coincidence.  Speak- 
ing of  the  Thames,  Duck  says : 

"  Where'er  his  purer  stream  is  seen 

The  god  of  health  and  pleasure  dwells. 
Let  me  thy  pure,  thy  yielding  wave, 
With  naked  arm  once  more  divide : 
In  thee  my  glowing  bosom  lave 
And  gently  stem  thy  rolling  tide." 

So  in  Gray,  we  find  a  succession  of  the  same  ideas, 
sprightliness  or  health,  pleasure,  and  cleaving  the 
wave : 

"  Say,  Father  Thames,  for  thou  hast  seen 

Full  many  a  sprightly  race, 
Disporting  on  thy  margent  green, 

The  paths  of  pleasure  trace, 
Who  foremost  now  delight  to  cleave 
With  pliant  arm  thy  glassy  wave?  " 

And  then,  to  make  the  resemblance  more  complete, 
Duck  has  "  herbage  green  "  to  rhyme  with  "  stream 


is  seen,"  while  Gray  employs  a  similar  rhyme.  In 
1731  Gray  was  a  boy  at  Eton,  in  his  fifteenth  or 
sixteenth  year.  He  no  doubt  was  well  acquainted 
with  Duck's  poem,  and,  when  composing  his  ode 
in  after  years,  may  have  unconsciously  been  in- 
fluenced by  the  train  of  ideas  succeeding  in  the 
rhymes  which  he  had  committed  to  memory  in  his 
boyish  days.  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 


"  Old  Bogie"  not  a  fictitious  Character. — Many, 
no  doubt,  still  remember  among  their  earliest 
impressions,  the  terror  produced  by  the  nurse's 
threat  of  sending  [for  "  Old  Bogie  : "  such  vulgar 
errors  are  now  happily  discarded  from  nursery 
discipline.  Infants  of  the  present  day  are  taught 
arts,  and  sciences,  and  philosophy.  They  are  no 
longer  to  be  intimidated  by  phantoms  of  the 
imagination.  In  the  spirit  of  the  age  they  would 
ask  (if  they  were  able),  Who  is  Old  Bogie  ?  As 
some  children  of  a  larger  growth  may  be  curious 
to  learn  who  was  Old  Bogie,  we  copy  from  an  old 
writer  what  we  believe  to  be  the  original  of  the 
myth  that  for  so  many  years  helped  to  keep  un- 
ruly brats  in  order. 

In  the  year  1664  (?)  Surat  was  "  pillaged  and 
burnt  by  a  certain  robber  named  Bogie."  Our 
author  states  that  in  this  conflagration  the  houses 
of  the  Dutch  merchants  escaped  through  the  espe- 
cial intervention  of  Providence  in  favour  of  that 
most  virtuous  and  industrious  little  republic, 
Holland. 

The  extirpation  of  Bogie  is  not  perhaps  to  be 
ascribed  so  much  to  the  march  of  intellect,  as  to 
individual  good  sense  and  the  force  of  example  : 
for  it  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  Bogie's  irrevocable 
expulsion  from  the  nursery,  and  his  extinction  as 
a  myth,  may  be  dated  from  the  birth  of  the  present 
heir  apparent  to  the  English  throne.  TIMOJT. 

Academical  Degrees,  especially  in  Laiv.  —  The 
newly  devised  degree  of  Master  of  Laws  is  a  great 
anomaly.  The  old  academical  system  recognises 
two  degrees  in  every  faculty :  first,  Bachelor ; 
secondly,  Master  or  Doctor.  These  last,  I  sub- 
mit, are  terms  essentially  synonymous :  both 
meaning  5iSdcrKa\os,  or  teacher,  though  Doctor  is 
employed  in  the  higher  faculties  as  a  name  of 
greater  dignity.  The  degrees  in  the  faculty  of 
Arts  —  the  pathway,  according  to  our  ancient 
system,  to  all  other  faculties  —  are  B.A.  and  M.A. 
In  the  civil  law,  the  degrees  are  B.C.L.  and 
D.C.L.:  for  S.C.L.,  though  commonly  regarded 
as  a  degree,  and  having  its  peculiar  hood,  is  not,  I 
think,  in  strictness  a  degree,  but  merely  an  indi- 
cation that  the  person  bearing  it  has  been  ad- 
mitted to  the  study  of  the  civil  law ;  which, 
however,  implies  that  he  has  the  standing  of  a 


AUG.  26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


161 


Bachelor  of  Arts.  Degrees  in  the  canon  law 
(sometimes  designated  Bachelor  and  Doctor  of 
the  Decretals  —  Decretalium)  seem  to  have  fallen 
into  disuse  at  the  Reformation,  though  degrees  in 
both  laws  (Utriusque  Juris,  or  In  utroque  Jure) 
are  still,  in  name,  continued  and  usually  expressed 
by  LL.B.  and  LL.D.  The  corresponding  de- 
grees in  the  common  law  (conferred  in  London  or 
Westminster)  are  Barrister  and  Serjeant. 

In  divinity,  in  medicine,  and  in  music,*we  have 
the  two  degrees,  Bachelor  and  Doctor.  The 
brilliant  idea  of  Masters  and  Doctors  in  the  self- 
same faculty  (which  reminds  us  of  a  Mary  and  a 
Maria  in  one  family)  was  reserved  for  the  nine- 
teenth century.  H.  G. 

"The  Perverse  Widow." — In  the  book-cata- 
logue of  Mr.  Kerslake,  of  Bristol,  there  is  men- 
tion made  of  a  copy  of  Cowley's  Works,  "  with 
Autograph  of  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley's  '  Perverse 
Widow,'  and  her  '  Confidante ; '"  a  note  to  this 
folio  informing  us  that  the  fly-leaf  contains  the 
following : 

"  '  Catharina  Boevey,  February  the  10th,  1688-9,' 

under  which  the  following  verses,  blotted  out,  but  can  be 

read: 

'  Surely  a  pain  to  love  it  is 
and  tis  a  pain  that  pain  to  mis 
but  of  all  pains  the  greatest  pain 
it  is  to  love  and  love  in  vain,' 

under  which,  unblotted, 

'  Discreet  wit 
Catharina  Boevey,  1G91,'  &c. 

On  the  title  is  written, 

'  Mademoiselle  Maria  Pope, 
Le  Livre  Catharina  Boevey.' 

"  Mrs.  Mary  Pope,  the  cause  of  Sir  Roger's  disappoint- 
ment, and  the  object  of  his  detestation,  was  for  forty  years 
the  constant  companion  of  Mrs.  Boevey,  and  became  her 
executor,  and  erected  her  monuments  in  Westminster 
Abbey  and  at  Flaxley." 

Whether  the  above  be  authentic  or  not,  it  is 
worthy  of  a  corner  in  "  N.  &  Q."  ABHBA. 

" Dombey  and  Son"  —  Knowing  the  care  with 
which  Mr.  Dickens  has  selected  his  names,  in  indi- 
cation of  the  characters  or  peculiarities  of  his 
dramatis  persona,  I  was  curious  to  discover  if  the 
individual  described  (p.  122.)  as  having  "two  un- 
broken rows  of  glistening  teeth,  whose  regularity 
and  whiteness  was  quite  distressing  —  the  ob- 
servation of  which  it  was  impossible  to  escape, 
for  he  showed  them  whenever  he  spoke,"  &c.,  and 
who  is  generally  spoken  of  throughout  the  book  as 
"the  man  of  teeth,"  derived  his  name  "  Carker" 
from  the  Greek  Kapxa.p6$ovs.  I  received  a  cour- 
teous reply  from  the  author,  stating  that  "  the 
coincidence  in  question  is  accidental." 

JOHN  SOUTH  PHILLIPS,  M.  A. 

Bury  St.  Edmunds. 


Northumbrian  Burr. — Is  it  not  possible  that 
this  burr,  or,  as  the  Northumbrians  term  it, 
"  cinder  in  the  throat,"  may  be  the  last  trace  of 
the  mode  in  which  the  Saxons  pronounced  many 
words  which  now  begin  with  the  simple  r  ? 
For  instance,  Ripon,  in  Yorkshire,  is  called  by 
the  earlier  chroniclers  Hripum;  in  later  times 
we  find  the  first  two  letters  changing  places. 
Now  it  appears  to  me,  that  if  we  attempt  to  pro- 
nounce the  word  Hripum  as  it  is  written,  the 
result  will  necessarily  be  a  guttural  sound  ;  either 
identical  with,  or  closely  resembling,  the  burr  of 
the  Northumbrians  when  dealing  with  the  letter 
r.  HENRY  T.  RILET. 

Bishop  Cartwright.  —  The  following  items,  ex- 
tracted from  the  register  books  of  St.  Margaret's, 
Barking,  may  interest  those  of  your  readers  who 
possess  the  bishop's  diary,  edited  for  the  Camden 
Society  by  Mr.  Hunter : 

"  1662.  May  27.  This  day  was  married,  Thomas  Cart- 
wright,  D.D.,  and  Sarah  ye  daughter  of  Henry  Wight, 
Esq.,  and  Margaret  his  wife,  both  of  this  parish." 

"  1688.     June  17.  Here  Mr.  Chisenhall  was  turned  out 
for  not  reading  the  declaration,  and  Mr.  Hall  was  ap- 
pointed his  successor  bv  the  BP  of  Chester,  Dr  Cartwright." 
"  1689.  Feb.  3.  Exit  Mr.  Hall,  restored  Mr.  Chisenhall." 
"  1718.  Dec.  19.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Chisenhall  buried." 
"  1724.  April  3.  Buried,  Kev.  Jno.  Chisenhall,  Vicar." 

Mr.  Hunter  has  added  several  useful  notes  to 
this  Diary  ;  but  at  p.  3 1 .  it  seems  to  have  escaped 
his  notice,  that  the  "  Thomas  Wilson,  B.A., 
deacon,"  to  whom  a  licence  was  given,  was  after- 
wards the^celebrated  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man. 

W.  DENTON. 


THE   POPE    SITTING    ON    THE   ALTAR. 

What  is  the  origin  of  this  custom  at  the  Pope's 
election,  and  what  is  its  meaning  ? 

Catalan!,  in  his  Cceremoniale,  mentions  that  its 
introduction  is  comparatively  modern.  A  writer 
in  a  late  number  of  the  Christian  Remembrancer 
treats  it  as  a  mere  optical  delusion  ;  and  sa\s,  that 
the  Pope  merely  sits  upon  his  throne  placed  in 
its  primitive  position  behind  the  altar,  and  raised 
above  it.  It  appears  however  plainly,  from  the 
Cceremoniale,  that  he  actually  sits  upon  the  altar, 
supra  altara ;  and  he  is  so  depicted  in  the  illustra- 
tions of  his  coronation,  published  at  Rome.  But 
why  does  he  sit  there  ? 

The  absurdity  of  treating  it  as  an  assumption  of 
divine  honour,  needs  no  elaborate  refutation. 
The  altar  is  not  the  seat  of  Deity,  but  the  place 
for  the  victim  sacrificed  to  him  :  as  a  table  is  the 
place  not  for  the  person  eating,  but  for  the  thing 
eaten. 

In  Menin's  Description  of  Coronations,  p.  184., 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


I  find  this  passage  upon  the  election  of  the  Em- 
peror of  Germany  : 

"  When  the  election  is  concluded  by  a  plurality  of  suf- 
frages, if  the  new  Emperor  is  of  the  assembh7,  the  electors 
go  from  the  conclave  or  place  of  meeting,  to  the  high 
altar  of  the  church  and  seat  [q.  him]  upon  it;  and  here 
the  Archbishop  of  Mentz  makes  him  sign  the  capitu- 
lation. When  he  departs  from  the  altar,  he  is  conducted 
to  a  gallery  over  the  entrance  of  the  choir;  where, 
seating  himself  with  his  electors,  he  hears  the  proclam- 
ation made  of  his  election." 

Is  this  observed  now  the  monarchy  is  hereditary  ? 
Probably  many  of  the  ceremonies  at  the  Pope's 
election  were  adapted  from  those  observed  at  the 
election  of  the  Emperors.  H.  P. 


WHBBB    WAS   THOMAS    SAMPSON   THE   PUBITAN 
BOBN? 

Strype  says  at  "  Playford "  (Eccl.  Memorials, 
vol.  ii.  par.  1.  p.  403.,  Oxford  edit.).  But,  if  so, 
why  did  he  not  inherit  the  Playford  property, 
which  passed  to  the  Feltons  of  Shotley,  by  the 
marriage  of  Robert  Felton  with  Margery,  sister 
and  sole  heiress  of  Sir  Thomas  Sampson,  who  died 
s.  p.  ? 

In  the  Heralds'  Visitations  (Harl.  MSS.  1139. 
1532.  4108.  &c.)  mention  is  made  of  Thomas  (al. 
Turner  ?)  Sampson,  as  sprung  from  another 
branch  of  the  same  family,  and  living  at  Bing- 
field,  in  Berks,  who  died  in  the  same  year  as  the 
Puritan  (1589).  Can  this  be  the  identical  person? 

Thomas  Sampson  the  Puritan  is  said  to  have 
married  a  niece  of  the  martyr  Latimer,  who  ac- 
companied him  to  Frankfort,  and  died  there. 
Thomas,  or  Turner,  Sampson  of  Binfield  appears 
to  have  married,  first,  Julian,  daughter  of  John 
Redish,  and  afterwards  Ellen,  daughter  of  John 
Younge.  Was  Julian  Redish,  or  Radyshe,  Bi- 
shop Latimer's  niece  ?  The  registers  of  Thur- 
caston  in  Leicestershire  might  possibly  determine 
this. 

It  is  observable  that  Latimer,  after  resigning 
his  bishopric  in  1539,  was  placed  "in  ward"  for  a 
considerable  time  in  the  house  of  Richard  Sampson, 
tlien  Bishop  of  Cliichester,  who  was  great  uncle  to 
Thomas  of  Binfield. 

On  the  other  hand  it  is  to  be  noticed,  in  the 
long  list  of  children  given  to  this  Thomas  in  the 
Harl.  MSS.,  that  the  names  of  a  son  and  a 
daughter  of  the  Puritan  (viz.  Nathaniel  and 
Joanna)  do  not  occur.  In  a  letter  to  Peter 
Martyr  (Orig.  Letters  relative  to  the  English  Re- 
formation, Sfc.,  par.  i.  p.  183.,  Parker  Society's 
edition),  the  future  Dean  of  Christ's  Church 
writ<'s  :  "  All  our  friends  are  well.  My  wife  and 
our  Jtmnna  salute  you."  And  his  monument  in 
the  chiipel  of  Wigs  to  1 1  Hospital,  was  placed  there 
by  his  sons  John  and  Nathaniel;  the  latter  of 


whom  I  imagine  to  have  had  afterwards  a  stall  in 
the  collegiate  church  of  Southwell. 

Can  you  or  any  correspondent  help  me  to  elu- 
cidate this  question  ?  ANON. 


Tindal  MSS.— The  papers  of  Dr.  Matthew 
Tindal  are  known  to  have  fallen  into  the  hands  of 
Eustace  Budgell,  and,  upon  his  affairs  becoming 
involved,  to  have  passed  into  the  possession  of 
some  bookseller.  There  is  reason  to  believe  that 
these  papers,  as  well  as  the  papers  of  Nicholas 
Tindal,  the,  translator  of  Rapin,  are  still  in  exist- 
ence. Any  information  upon  this  subject  is  much 
desired.  M.  H.  A. 

Lines  on  the  Marquis  of  Anglesey. — Many  years 
since,  some  lines  (in  the  manner  of  Campbell's 
"  Wounded  Hussar ")  appeared  in  the  Naval  and 
Military  Gazette,  on  the  late  gallant  Marquis  of 
Anglesey;  whether  original  or  extracted  from  some 
work  of  the  period  I  do  not  know,  but  they  were 
remarkably  graceful  and  appropriate.  They  com- 
menced thus : 

"  Erect  in  the  pride  of  his  chivalrous  fame, 
Still  he  moves  in  his  glory,  our  Wounded  Hussar." 

but  I  remember,  in  addition,  only  the  second  verse : 

"  How  gallantly  still  'neath  his  silvery  brow 

Shines  the  spirit  within  of  the  dauntless  hussar ; 
Whose  soul  at  Majorga  no  numbers  could  bow, 
As  he  led  on  the  squadrons  of  Britain  afar ! " 

The  verses  were  much  admired  at  the  time  of 
their  publication,  and  I  am  sure  their  reprint,  if  a 
copy  of  them  could  be  found,  would  gratify  many 
persons,  especially  at  present,  when  the  recent 
setting  of  "  Corunna's  twin-star  with  Moore,"  as 
Lord  Anglesey  was  styled,  is  a  subject  of  such 
general  regret.  S.  R.  G. 

Pictaveus  —  Tankersley.  —  In  Brit.  Mus.  Harl. 
MS.  4630.  f.  615.,  the  following  occurs  :  —Tan- 
kersley of  Tankersley,  near  Barnesley,  in  the 
wapentake  of  Staincrosse,  CO.  York.  Coat  of 
armour :  Argent,  on  a  bend  gules,  three  escallops 
or. 

Sir  Henry  Tankersley,  Knt.,  was  seised  of  the 
manor  of  Tankersley  about  10  Hen.  III.  :  he  mar- 
ried Agnes,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Roger 
Pictaveus,  Lord  of  Burghwallis,  formerly  De 
Burgo ;  issue, — 

Sir  Richard  Tankersley,  living  42  Hen.,  who 
had  with  a  daughter,  married  to  John  Wortley,  a 
son  and  heir, 

Sir  Richard  Tankersley,  who  had  issue  two 
daughters,  coheiresses  :  the  younger,  Alice,  mar- 
ried Richard  Tyas  of  Burghwallis  ;  and  the  elder, 
Joan,  married  Sir  Hugh  Eland,  Knt.,  of  Eland,  in 
the  wapentake  of  Agbrigg  andMorley,  co.  York. 


AUG.  26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


163 


At  f.  149.  this  Sir  Hugh  Eland's  pedigree  of 
twelve  generations  is  given  ;  his  arms  were — Barry 
of  six,  argent  and  gules,  six  martlets  or,  three, 
two,  and  one.  By  Sir  Hugh  Eland,  Joan  had 
three  sons  :  —  1.  Sir  John  Eland,  M.P.,  who  was 
the  subject  of  the  tragedy  given  in  a  very  enter- 
taining book,  entitled  Romantic  Records  of  the 
Aristocracy,  by  Sir  Bernard  Burke,  Ulster  King 
of  Arms  (vol.  i.  p.  52.). ;  2.  Richard  Eland ;  and 
3.  Sir  William  Eland,  the  constable  of  Notting- 
ham Castle,  who  betrayed  Roger  Mortimer,  Earl 
of  March,  in  1330. 

I  have  searched,  without  success,  for  the  arms 
of  Pictaveus :  perhaps  some  of  your  readers  could 
assist  me.  MOSSOM  MEEKIUS. 

Edward  Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon. — Among 
the  complimentary  addresses  prefixed  to  the 
Jealous  Lovers,  by  Thomas  Randolph,  we  find  one 
in  Latin  and  English,  the  latter  beginning : 

"  Desert  keeps  close,  when  they  that  write  by  guesse 
Scatter  their  scribbles,  and  invade  the  Presse,"  &c. 

It  is  signed  "Edward  Hide,"  and  is  most  pro- 
bably an  early  effusion  of  the  great  Earl  of  Cla- 
rendon. The  Jealous  Lovers  was  acted  by  the 
students  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  before 
King  Charles  and  Queen  Henrietta,  about  the  year 
1632 ;  at  which  time  Edward  Hyde  would  be  in 
his  twenty-fourth  year.  Have  any  of  his  writings 
come  down  to  us  of  an  earlier  date  than  this  ? 

HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Gavelkind  at  Croyland. — Does  gavelkind,  or  a 
rule  of  inheritance  of  a  somewhat  similar  nature, 
prevail  in  the  manor  of  Croyland,  in  Lincolnshire  ? 
Holditch,  in  his  History  of  Croyland,  1816,  seems 
to  attribute  the  poverty  of  the  place  to  a  custom 
of  this  nature  ;  and  to  imply  that  the  land  is  cut 
up  into  small  pieces,  just  sufficient  for  the  pro- 
prietors to  starve  upon.  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Etymology  of  'the  Title  "  Count."  —  The  title 
Count  is  generally  supposed  to  be  from  the  Latin 
comes,  companion,  i.  e.  to  the  sovereign.  Is  it 
not  rather  from  the  verb  "to  count"  (French 
compter),  the  emperor's  steward  :  thus  answering 
to  the  German  Graf,  which  seems  allied  to  the 
Scotch  grieve,  that  is,  bailiff?  G,  GERVAIS. 

Sabbatine  Butt.  —  The  authenticity  of  this  Bull 
(Sacratissimo  in  Culmine),  attributed  to  Pope 
John  XXII.,  "  has  been  questioned  by  critics  :  " 
see  Bishop  Bouvier  on  Indulgences,  Oakley's  trans- 
lation, p.  216.,  where  among  other  reasons  it  is 
stated  that  it  does  not  occur  in  the  collection  of 
Bulls  issued  by  John  XXII.  I  am  anxious  to 
find  from  some  reader  more  diligent  or  fortunate 
than  myself: 

1st.  What  is  the  earliest  date  when  I  can  find 
this  Bull,  and  the  title  of  the  work  in  which  it 
occurs  ? 


2nd.  Who  is  the  earliest  writer  who  questions 
its  authenticity  on  this  ground,  or  that  of  its  style 
being  dissimilar  to  the  other  Bulls  of  John  XXII.  ? 

In  sending  these  Queries,  to  prevent  misconcep- 
tion, I  wish  it  to  be  understood,  my  object  is 
merely  to  obtain  references  to  authorities  on  the 
subject,  not  to  discuss  it,  at  least  in  the  pages  of 
"N.  &  Q.,"  though  any  notes  on  this  disputed 
point  which  the  kindness  of  those  who  have  ex- 
amined the  question  may  prompt  them  to  forward 
me  will  be  most  thankfully  received,  in  addition 
to  many  similar  friendly  offices  already  bestowed 
through  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  ENIVBI. 

Monkstown,  Dublin. 

"  Credo,  Domine"  8fC.  —  Who  is  the  author  of 
a  religious  piece,  most  properly  called  a  prayer, 
beginning  — 

"  Credo,  Domine,  sed  credam  firmius ; 
Spero,  sed  sperem  securius : 

and  ending  — 

«  Da  ut 

Mortem  prasveniam, 
Judicium  pertiir.eam, 
Infernum  effugiam, 
Paradisum  obtineam.    Amen.", 

F.  J.  C. 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 

"Solyman." — Can  you  inform  me  who  is  the 
author  of  Solyman,  a  Tragedy,  8vo.,  1807  ?  This 
play  is  very  favourably  noticed  in  the  Critical 
Review,  where  it  is  reviewed  at  considerable 
length.  SIGMA.  (1) 

Indices  published  in  present  Century.  —  I  will 
feel  obliged  for  a  note  of  any  Indices,  prohibitory 
or  expurgatory,  which  may  have  appeared  in  the 
present  century,  as  I  am  preparing  a  list  of  the 
Indices,  and  find  it  very  difficult  to  get  information 
about  the  more  recent  editions.  ENIVRI. 

Monkstown,  Dublin. 

J.  H.  Campbell. —  Can  you  tell  me  where  to 
find  particulars  respecting  J.  H.  Campbell,  an 
Irish  artist,  who  died  in  or  about  the  year  1817? 
I  have  a  landscape  painted  by  him  in  1817,  pleas- 
ing and  well  finished,  and  interesting  to  me  from 
its  subject,  the  river  Dodder,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Dublin.  Any  particulars  respecting  him 
and  his  works  will  oblige.  ABHBA. 

Bean  Feasts.  —  On  June  23,  the  porters  of  this 
Inn  (Lincoln's  Inn)  made  a  collection  from  the 
occupants  of  the  various  chambers,  for  what  they 
were  pleased  to  call  "  the  Bean  Feast."  They  did 
so  also  last  year.  This  evidently  relates  to  St. 
John's  day ;  but  I  find  no  allusion  to  it  either  in 
Brand,  Forster,  Brady,  Hone,  or  Hampson. 

ANON. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 


164 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252, 


Bibliographical  Queries.  — I  will  feel  obliged  to 
any  brother  bibliophile  who  can  give  me  informa- 
tion about  the  following  works,  none  of  which  I 
have  been  able  to  meet  with,  though  I  made  many 
fruitless  inquiries  about  some  of  them : 

1.  Maria  Patrona.    F.  Lezana. 

2.  Instructio  pro  Carmelitis.    V.  Rev.  Theodor  Strazio. 

3.  Speculum   Carmelitarum.      "Daniel  of  the   Virgin 

Mary." 

4.  Corona    Stellarum   Duodecim.     F.   Isidore    of   St. 

Egidius. 

5.  Anno  memorabile  dei  Carmelitani.    Eev.  Dr.  Joseph 

Maria  Fornari. 

6.  Document!  Spiritula.     Same  author. 

7.  Bullariutn  Carmelitanum.    Rev.  Dr.  Eliseus  Mon- 

signani. 

with  the  names  of  any  other  works  of  note  on  the 
same  subject  (The  confraternity  of  the  Holy 
Scapular).  EHIVBI. 

Monkstown,  Dublin. 

The  troublesome"  Baronet.  —  Can  any  of  your 
well-informed  readers  produce  authority  for  de- 
termining who  the  troublesome  baronet  was  that 
would  take  no  denial  to  his  impertinent  intrusions 
at  the  house  of  some  great  personage,  about  the 
middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  ?  As  this  ques- 
tion is  not  one  of  mere  idle  curiosity,  but  connected 
with  the  degree  of  credit  to  be  given  to  the 
veracity  of  one  of  our  biographical  writers,  it  may 
deserve  a  place  among  your  Queries.  The  anec- 
dote is  well  known,  and  need  not  be  repeated  in 
extenso.  The  porter  had  strict  orders  to  deny 
the  baronet  admittance;  so  that  when  he  next 
called,  the  functionary  anticipated  his  customary 
string  of  excuses  for  gaining  admission  by  saying 
(keeping  the  door  half-closed),  "  My  lord  is  not 
at  home  —  the  monkey  is  dead  —  the  clock  has 
stopped,  and  the  fire  is  out,"  then  slammed  the 
door  in  the  baronet's  face.  We  have  seen  this 
story  applied  to  Long  Sir  Thomas  Robinson  and 
the  Duke  of  Newcastle;  and  we  have  now  before 
us  another  version,  which  states  that  a  certain  — 

that  is  to  say,  an  uncertain —  Sir  Francis used 

thus  to  plague  Lord  N .     There  may  be  other 

variations  of  the  anecdote  in  print,  none  of  which 
may  be  correct  as  regards  the  identity  of  the  parties, 
for  it  is  the  vice  of  anecdote  retailers  to  vary  their 
dramatis  personce,  either  through  carelessness  or  to 
give  novelty  to  repetition.  The  chance  of  arriving 
at  the  truth  of  this  story  is  through  some  of  the 
numerous  volumes  of  published  or  unpublished 
correspondence  about  the  time  of  Horace  Walpole. 
The  fact  that  the  lady  kept  a  monkey  (if  such  fact 
can  be  ascertained)  would  go  far  to  verify  the 
party,  at  least,  whom  the  baronet  used  to  annoy. 
We  never  heard  that  the  old  Duchess  of  Newcastle 
had  a  penchant  for  monkeys.  WILLIAM  CRAMP. 

Sir  Richard  Eatcliffe.  —  Of  what  branch  of 
the  "  Ratcliffes "  was  Sir  Richard,  K.G.,  so  his- 


torically known  to  us  as  the  intimate  associate  of 
Richard  III.,  and  finally  slain  with  him  at  Bos- 
worth.  I  have  not  observed  his  line  of  descent  in 
any  pedigree  of  "  Radcliffe,"  but  it  appears  that 
his  daughter  Joane  married  Henry  Grubb,  Esq., 
of  North  Mimms,  Herts,  and  was  heiress  to  her 
brother,  Sir  John  Ratcliffe. 

A  CONSTANT  READER. 

Heraldic. — Wanted,  the  coat  armour  of  the 
following  Sussex  families,  viz. : 

Challenor,  of  Chiltington. 

Nicholls,  of  East  Grinstead.  Qu.  sab.,  three 
pheons  arg.  ? 

Aylwyn,  of  Preston  in  Binderton,  and  of  West 
Dean;  also  of  Lewes.  1662. 

Plomer,  of  the  Haddowne ;  also  of  Southover, 
near  Lewes. 

Brooke,  of  Barkham. 

Arnold,  of  West  Grinstead. 
Also  of  the  following  : 

Brockhull,  of  Allington,  co.  Kent. 

Burton,  of  Westerham,  co.  Kent. 

Milles,  of  Sussex  ? 

Bragge,  of  Sussex,  ,or  Kent  ? 

Harper,  alderman  of  Stockport,  co.  Cheshire, 
c.  1670.  H.  T.  G. 

Kaleidoscope. —  I  had  always  supposed  that  the 
kaleidoscope  was  the  invention  of  Sir  D.  Brewster, 
but  having  met  with  the  following  passage  in  the 
Arcana  C&lestia  of  Swedenborg,  I  am  led  to  think 
that  that  instrument  was  an  anterior  invention : 
this  is  quite  possible,  although  the  fact  might  be 
unknown  to  Sir  David.  To  myself  it  appears, 
that  by  the  optical  cylinder  alluded  to  in  the  fol- 
lowing extractt  nothing  else  can  be  intended  but 
the  kaleidoscope.  I  give  the  passage  as  it  occurs 
in  the  English  translation,  but  possibly  a  reference 
to  the  original  Latin  would  enable  us  better  to 
decide  the  question. 

Swedenborg  is  describing  the  difference  be- 
tween the  literal  and  internal  senses  of  the  word, 
showing  that  in  the  literal  sense,  particularly  of 
the  prophetical  parts  of  the  Old  Testament, 
"scarcely  anything  appears  but  a  somewhat  irre- 
gular and  without  order;"  whereas  its  spiritual 
or  internal  sense,  when  perceived  by  the  angela 
and  enlightened  mortals,  appears  most  beautiful 
and  delightful ;  and  he  proceeds  to  illustrate  the 
difference  thus  : 

"  Some  idea  of  it  may  be  conceived  by  those  who  have 
seen  optical  cylinders  in  the  museums  of  the  curious,  in 
which  are  represented  beautiful  images  from  monstrous 
projections  of  objects  placed  around  them ;  for  although 
these  projections  appear  destitute  of  form  or  order,  like 
accidental  marks  or  scratches,  still,  when  they  are  con- 
centrated in  the  cylinder,  they  represent  there  a  neat  and 
handsome  picture."  —  Arcana  Ccelestia,  1871. 

Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to 
throw  farther  light  on  this  subject. 


AUG.  26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


165 


Brasses  of  Notaries.  —  Can  any  one  who  takes 
an  interest  in  monumental  brasses  inform  me  of 
any  brasses  of  notaries  now  existing  in  churches, 
either  in  England  or  on  the  Continent  ? 

There  is  one  in  the  church  of  St.  Mary  Tower  in 
Ipswich,  c.  1475  ;  and  another,  though  far  inferior 
one,  in  the  same  church,  c.  1506. 

Mr.  Boutell,  in  his  work  on  "Monumental 
Brasses  and  Slabs,"  mentions  a  brass  of  a  notary 
in  the  church  at  Holme  Hall,  in  Norfolk ;  but  on 
writing  to  the  parish  clerk,  to  make  inquiries 
respecting  it,  I  was  informed  that  there  had  been 
no  such  brass  in  the  church  for  the  last  thirty 
years.  The  other  brasses  of  notaries,  of  which  I 
am  cognisant,  are  :  Chart  (Great),  Kent,  c.  1480  ; 
New  College,  Oxford,  c.  1510;  Saint  Sauveur, 
Bruges,  c.  1520.  W.  T.  T. 

Ipswich. 

Lancashire  Record. — I  should  be  greatly  obliged 
by  any  of  your  correspondents  informing  me 
where  I  could  find  the  original  record,  of  which 
the  following  is  a  copy : 

"  Inter  decreta  Commissionorum  ad  pios  usus  infra  Com. 
Lane,  in  Sessione  apud  Bolton  in  le  Moors  25°  die 
Septembris  1632  habita,  inter  alia  continetur  prout 
seqr. 

"  Wherefore  the  Commissioners  aforenamed  do  this  pre- 
sent 25th  of  September  1632  aforesaid  decree  and  order 
that  the  rents  issuing  out  of  the  several  messuages  and 
lands  in  Burnley  Wood,  Colne,  Marsden,  and  Blackow  in 
this  Inquisition  mentioned  (amounting  to  the  sum  of 
15/.  2s.  per  annum  or  thereaboutes  shall  henceforth  be 
paid  by  the  occupants  or  tenants  thereof,  unto  the  feoffees 
or  Churchwardens  of  Colne  aforesaid ;  and  by  them  the 
said  feoffees  and  churchwardens  likewise  duly  paid  from 
time  to  time  to  Richard  Brereley  Clerk  now  Minister 
there,  and  to  the  priest  or  Minister  there  for  the  time 
being  successively  for  ever,  according  to  the  true  intent 
of  the  donors  of  the  said  Messuages  and  Lands. 

"  Subscribed  Jo.  Cestrien,  Cha.  Gerard,  Tho.  Barton, 
Tho.  Standish,  John  Atherton,  J.  Bradshaw. 

"  Copia  vera  examinata 

per  me,  THOMA  WASSE,  Norlum  Pubcum." 

J.  HENDERSON. 
Parsonage,  Colne. 

Custom  of  Establishing  Fairs  in  North  Devon. — 
Can  any  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q,"  throw  light 
on  a  custom  in  North  Devon  as  to  establishing 
fairs  ?  There  is  a  notion,  that  if  a  man  beats  his 
wife  from  jealousy,  and  the  mob  take  it  up  by 
what  they  term  "  skiverton  riding"  (or,  as  it  is 
termed  in  Yorkshire,  "  riding  the  stang,")  i.  e.  a 
man  dressed  as  a  woman  seated  on  a  donkey, 
escorted  by  a  man  carrying  or  wearing  a  pair  of 
ram's  horns,  and  a  number  making  discordant 
noises  with  rams'  and  cows'  horns,  or,  as  we 
should  term  it,  rough  music,  they  have  the  right, 
after  three  times  riding  and  affixing  the  ram's 
horns  for  an  hour  in  three  adjoining  parishes  on 
three  separate  days,  after  giving  written  notice  of 


their  intention  of  so  doing,  of  remaining  in  the 
parishes,  and  cannot  be  turned  out  by  force  ;  and 
can  keep  the  horns  nailed  up  in  the  other  parishes 
an  hour :  and  farther,  that  the  parish  so  riding 
skiverton  has  established  the  right  to  hold  an 
annual  fair  for  cattle ;  a  meeting  of  the  sellers  in 
the  first  fair  agreeing  to  the  tolls  to  be  paid,  and 
first  offering  them  to  the  delinquent  husband,  and, 
upon  his  refusal  of  the  tolls,  then  to  the  lord  of 
the  manor.  Such,  as  it  is  stated,  was  the  way  they 
established  fairs  at  Bratton  Fleming  and  Chittle- 
hampton,  and  now  at  Lynton,  where  the  fair  was 
recently  held  for  the  first  time.  The  skiverton 
riding  duly  took  place  three  times  about  two 
months  ago.  The  man  has  refused  the  tolls,  and 
the  lord  of  the  manor  has  accepted  them.  D. 

Letters  of  Thomas  Moore.  —  I  take  the  follow- 
ing advertisement  from  the  Boston  Daily  Adver- 
tiser of  June  5,  1854  : 

"  Notes  from  the  Letters  of  Thomas  Moore  to  his  Pub- 
lisher James  Power  (the  publication  of  which  was  sup- 
pressed in  London),  with  an  Introductory  Letter  from 
Thomas  Crofton  Croker,  Esq.,  F.S.A." 

Might  I  ask  what  is  known  of  these  "  Notes,"  and 
by  whom  was  the  publication  suppressed  ?  W.  W. 
Malta. 

General  Guy  on — Kurschid  Pasha.  —  The  writer 
is  very  desirous  of  obtaining  some  information 
relative  to  the  family  of  General  Guyon  (Kurschid 
Pasha),  who  now  seems  to  be  distinguishing  him- 
self very  much  on  behalf  of  the  Turks  in  Asia, 
and  who  signalised  himself  for  his  great  bravery 
during  the  Hungarian  insurrection.  The  writer 
believes  him  to  be  an  Englishman,  and  wishes  to 
know  whether  he  is  any  relation  to  a  Capt.  Guyon 
who  was  living  in  London  about  the  time  of  the 
great  riots  in  the  year  1780  ?  Co. 

Damian.  — 

"  Damian,  in  The  Dead  Alive,  describes  the  enormities 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  says  that  when  tired  of  her 
lovers,  or  jealous,  she  put  them  to  death,  and  built  a  secret 
chamber  with  their  bones,  which  was  lighted  with  lamps 
fed  by  their  fat.  The  book  is  a  favourite  with  readers 
here  (and  not  mapy  can  read),  who  believe  any  evil  of 
Protestants."  —  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  the  Neapolitan  States, 
London,  1741,  p.  236. 

Who  was  Damian  ?  What  is  the  Italian  name  of 
his  book  ?  Is  there  a  translation  ?  The  passage 
referred  to,  or  information  as  to  where  I  can  see 
it,  will  much  oblige  R.  B. 

Austrian  Passports.  —  I  should  be  obliged  if 
you  or  any  of  your  correspondents  can  inform  me 
or  direct  me  to  where  I  can  ascertain  what  are  the 
rules  of  the  Austrian  authorities  as  to  the  visas 
required  before  passengers  can  enter  the  Austrian 
territories. 

I  have  heard  it  stated  that  before  any  one  is 
allowed  to  enter  them,  his  passport  must  be  visd'd 


166 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


by  the  Austrian  minister  of  the  country  from 
•which  he  is  coming.  Thus,  if  a  traveller  wishes 
to  go  from  Switzerland  into  Austrian  Lombardy, 
he  must  have  his  passport  countersigned  not  only 
at  the  Austrian  Embassy  here,  but  also  at  the 
Austrian  minister's  at  Berne ;  so  that  he  is  obliged 
either  to  pass  through  Berne,  which  may  be  much 
out  of  his  way,  or  to  send  his  passport  there  at  the 
risk  of  losing  it. 

Is  this  rule  still  in  existence,  or  where  can  I 
obtain  trustworthy  information  about  it  ? 

AN  INQUIRER. 


&u*rfe£  im'tf) 

Winchelsea  Monuments.  —  Can  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents give  me  information  regarding  the 
monuments  of  knights  in  old  Winchelsea  Church  ? 
Is  an  angel  placed  near  the  head  of  any  peculiar 
signification  ?  C.  M. 

[There  are  five  ancient  monuments  with  sculptured  ef- 
figies in  St.  Thomas's  Church ;  two  of  cross-legged  knights 
are  in  the  south  aisle.  One  in  a  coat  of  mail,  partly  co- 
vered with  a  mantle,  and  having  in  his  hand  a  heart ;  at 
his  head  a  mutilated  angel ;  at  his  feet  a  lion,  the  emblem 
of  his  courage,  is  supposed  by  Cooper,  in  his  History  of 
Winchelsea,  where  all  the  five  monuments  are  very  fully 
described,  to  be  that  of  Gervase  Alard,  Admiral  of 
the  Cinque  Ports.  The  back  of  the  tomb  is  richly 
adorned  with  quatrefoils,  and  the  front  with  an  elaborate 
canopy.  The  other  is  in  the  attitude  of  prayer,  [but 
covered  with  mail  armour  to  his  fingers'  ends.  On  his 
shield  is  a  much-defaced  lion  rampant,  with  two  tails. 
From  the  arms  this  is  supposed  to  be  a  monument  of 
some  member  of  the  House  of  Oxenbridge,  formerly  of 
some  note  in  this  county :  but  Mr.  Cooper  believes  it  to  be 
that  of  Stephen  Alard.  "  If  these  cross-legged  effigies  are," 
says  Mr.  Horsfield,  History  of  Sussex,  vol.  i.  p.  484.,  "  as 
their  peculiar  position  is  generally  supposed  to  denote, 
monuments  of  Knights  Templars,  they  must  have  been 
deposited  here  soon  after  the  erection  of  the  church,  and 
immediately  before  the  suppression  of  that  Order,  as  the 
church  could  not  have  been  built  before  the  close  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  and  in  1312,  by  a  decree  of  Clement  V. 
and  the  General  Council  of  Vienna,  this  semi-sacred  Order 
of  warriors  was  suppressed."] 

Bermondsey  Abbey. — Are  there  any  remains 
of  the  once  famous  Abbey  of  Bermondsey  worth 
seeing  ?  HAZLEWOOD. 

[Mr.  Cunningham  (Handbook  of  London,  p.  50.)  in- 
forms us  that  "  the  ancient  gate  of  the  monastery,  with  a 
large  arch  and  postern  on  one  side,  were  standing  within 
the  present  century.  No  traces,  however,  remain." 
Charles  Knight  too,  in  his  London,  remarks,  "  It  is  a 
curious  circumstance,  and  one  in  which  the  history  of 
many  changes  of  opinion  may  be  read,  that  within  forty 
years  after  what  remained  of  the  magnificent  ecclesias- 
tical foundation  of  the  Abbey  of  Bermondsey  had  been 
swept  away,  a  new  conventual  establishment  has  risen  up, 
amidst  the  surrounding  desecration  of  factories  and  ware- 
houses, in  a  large  and  picturesque  pile,  with  its  stately 
church,  fitted  in  every  way  for  the  residence  and  accom- 
modation of  thirty,  and  forty,  inmates  —  the  Convent  of 
the  Sisters  of  Mercy."] 


"  Cvltiver  man  jardin"  —  We  find  this  phrase 
emphatically  employed  by  Voltaire  in  the  intro- 
duction to  one  of  his  dramatic  pieces.  What  we 
wish  to  know  is,  whether  there  was  at  the  time 
Voltaire  wrote,  and  for  some  time  after,  any  far- 
ther meaning  attached  to  the  saying  than  simply 
denoting  that  the  person  to  whom  it  was  applied 
had  retired  from  the  busy  world  to  enjoy  otium 
cum  dignitate ;  and  to  what  classical  authority  the 
Latin  phrase  can  be  traced.  TIMON. 

[To  the  former  phrase  there  seems  to  be  no  farther 
meaning  than  that  which  our  correspondent  attaches  to 
it :  for  the  latter,  otium  cum  dignitate,  we  cannot  discover 
any  classical  authority ;  it  was  adopted  as  the  motto  of  that 
statesman  and  poet  Charles  Montague,  Earl  of  Halifax.] 


"  THE   DUNCIAD." 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  65. 109. 129. 148.) 

I  do  not  understand  the  statement  of  C.     He  has 
a  copy,  he  tells  us,  of 

"  The  quarto  edition  of  1729,  with  a  copper-plate  vig- 
nette of  an  ass  laden  with  the  works  of  the  Dunces, 
which  Pope  afterwards  stated  was '  the  first  perfect  edition.' 
This  seems  to  have  also  been  printed  in  8vo.,  but  it  is 
doubtful  whether  in  the  same  year,  as  the  date  and 
printer's  name,  '  A.  Dod,  1729,'  are  engraved  on  the  copper- 
plate vignette,  which,  after  being  used  for  the  4to.,  ap- 
pears to  have  been  subsequently  reproduced  in  the  8vo." 

Does  not  C.  use  the  term  vignette  arbitrarily  and 
against  all  authority,  sometimes  for  the  engraving 
in  the  title-page,  although  the  engraving  on  the 
title-page  of  The  Dunciad  is  not  properly  a  vig- 
nette, and  at  others  for  the  engraved  title-page 
itself? 

Farther,  am  I  to  infer  that  his  copy  of  the  quarto 
of  1729  has  neither  date  nor  name  of  printer  or 
bookseller? 

Why  does  he  consider,  as  I  understand  him, 
that  because  "A.  Dod,  1729,"  is  "  engraved  on  the 
copper-plate  vignette  "  of  the  8vo.,  it  becomes  or 
is  doubtful  whether  the  8vo.  was  printed  in  that 
year  ? 

Does  he  mean  not  published  when  he  writes  not 
printed  ? 

Is  he  certain  that  the  printer's  name  engraved 
on  the  vignette  is  "  A.  Dod, "  or  does  he  mean 
simply  that,  as  usual,  it  is  announced  on  the  title- 
page  that  the  work  was  "Printed  for  A.  Dod  ?" 

Why  does  he  write  "  A.  Dodd  "  in  one  instance, 
and  "  A.  Dod  "  in  the  other  ? 

If  again,  as  he  says,  the  copper-plate  title,  "  after 
being  used  for  the  quarto,"  was  "  reproduced  in 
the  8vo.,"  why  was  the  name  altered  from  Dodd 
to  Dod  ?  Can  he  suggest  a  reason  ? 

Is  he  certain  that  it  was  altered  to  Dod,  not  to 
Dob? 


26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


167 


These  may  seem  trifling  questions ;  but  if  we 
are  ever  to  make  progress  in  minute  inquiries  of 
this  nature,  it  can  only  be  by  great  accuracy.  For 
instance,  I  have,  as  I  believe,  a  copy  of  the  edition 
to  which  C.  refers  ;  but  if  C.'s  description  be  cor- 
rect, it  must  be  a  different  edition,  or  a  re-issue 
with  certain  variations.  E.  D.  T. 

Some  correspondents  seem  to  doubt  that  edi- 
tions were  published  in  1727.  I  cannot  but  sup- 
pose that  those  who  doubt,  and  still  more  C.,  who 
does  not  doubt,  know  the  edition  of  1743,  part  of 
Warburton's  "small  edition"  (see  ante,  p.  109.), 
but  published  first,  with  notice  of  the  rest  to  fol- 
low. I  should  have  supposed  this  edition  to  be 
quite  familiar  to  the  contending  parties ;  but  I 
cannot  find  that  any  of  them  notice  it.  In  the 
Appendix  is  reprinted  the  "  Preface  prefixed  to 
the  five  first  imperfect  editions  of  The  Dunciad,  in 
three  books,  printed  at  Dublin  and  London,  in  oc- 
tavo and  duodecimo,  1727."  To  this  reprint  notes 
are  annexed,  containing  criticisms  on  remarks 
which  Curl  and  others  had  made  upon  the  matter 
reprinted.  If  this  be  all  a  lie,  it  is  a  very  circum- 
stantial one. 

Has  this  Appendix  slipped  out  of  most  of  the 
copies  ?  or  does  it  belong  only  to  the  forerunner 
edition  of  The  Dunciad  alone  ?  Sheet  E  e  of  the 
work  is  a  half-sheet,  ending  with  "Finis:"  the 
Appendix  repeats  D  d  and  E  e,  and  gives  F  f  and 
G  g  (half),  with  paging  continued  from  the  work. 

M. 


SWIFT   AND    "  THE    TATLEB." 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  100.) 

C.  will  find  that  his  remark,  as  to  the  similarity 
of  the  letter  in  The  Tatler  (No.  31.)  with  Swift's 
Polite  Conversation,  has  been  anticipated  by  the 
annotator,  who  I  suppose  was  Dr.  Calder,  in  the 
edition  of  1786  (6  vols.  8vo.).  See  vol.  i.  p.  355. 
The  annotator  remarks,  "  If  this  letter  is  not  by 
Swift,  it  is  very  much  in  the  manner  of  his  Polite 
Conversation." 

With  respect  to  the  "Musical  Instruments" 
(No.  153.),  "The  Distress  of  the  Newswriters" 
(No.  18.),  "The  Inventory  of  the  Playhouse" 
(No.  42.),  and  "  The  Description  of  the  Thermo- 
meter" (No.  214.),  C.  is  confident  that  Steele, — 
in  his  acknowledgment  in  the  preface  to  The 
Tatler,  where,  after  stating  in  general  terms  his 
obligations  to  Addison,  he  mentions  in  the  next 
paragraph  that  the  above  four  papers  were  writ- 
ten by  the  same  hand,  —  means  that  "  these  four 
pieces  were  by  one  hand,  and  that  not  Addison's," 
and  "  thinks  it  is  clear  that  they  were  not  his,  but 
were  supplied  by  some  one  who  probably  contri- 
buted nothing  else." 


I  have  always  considered  these  papers  as  so 
decidedly  Addison's,  on  the  ground  of  internal 
evidence  alone,  that  I  must  say  I  was  not  a  little 
surprised  to  see  such  a  construction  put  upon 
Steele's  words.  To  me  the  passage  merely  ap- 
pears to  be  following  up,  by  a  particular  refer- 
ence to  the  four  pieces,  which  he  looked  upon  "as 
the  greatest  embellishment  of  the  work,"  the  gene- 
ral expression  which  had  preceded.  Is  it  likely 
that  Steele  would  have  given  the  palm  to  any 
papers  in  The  Tatler  that  were  not  Addison's  ? 
But  the  general  evidence  in  favour  of  their  being 
written  by  Addison  is  too  strong  to  admit  of 
question.  Take,  for  instance,  only  one  of  the 
four,  for  it  is  needless  to  carry  it  farther,  all  of 
them  being  written  "  by  the  same  hand,"  No.  153. 
This  paper  is  identified  as  Addison's  in  the  list 
delivered  by  Steele  himself  to  Tickell,  who  has 
reprinted  it  in  his  edition  of  Addison's  works  in 
4to.,  vol.  ii.  p.  273.  It  is  marked  as  a  paper  of 
Addison's  in  the  MS.  notes  of  C.  Byron,  Esq., 
who,  from  the  information  of  the  writers,  had 
carefully  written  out  MS.  notes  of  the  authors  of 
the  different  papers  in  The  Tatler.  Steele  ex- 
pressly testifies  that  Addison  wrote  the  distin- 
guishing characters  of  men  and  women  under  the 
names  of  musical  instruments.  (See  Steele's  de- 
dication of  Addison's  Drummer  to  Mr.  Congreve.) 
It  is  farther  identified  as  Addison's  by  those  mi- 
nute errata  which  he  was  so  particular  in  causing 
to  be  corrected  by  subsequent  references.  (See 
Tatler,  edit.  1786,  vol.  iv.  p.  275.,  in  which  the 
annotator  (Dr.  Calder)  has  enumerated  the  vari- 
ous grounds  I  have  stated,  and  which  seem  to  be 
quite  conclusive  for  ascribing  this  paper  to  Addi- 
son.) 

With  respect  to  The  Tatler,  our  obligations  are 
due,  not  so  much  to  Mr.  Alexander  Chalmers,  who 
merely  prefixed  his  introduction  to  the  revised 
edition  in  4  vols.  8vo.  (1806),  in  which  there  is 
little  new  information,  as  to  the  editors  Mr.  John 
Nichols  and  Dr.  Calder,  of  the  excellent  edition  of 
1786.  JAS.  CROSSLEY. 


^CHINESE    LANGUAGE. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  29.) 

With  reference  to  the  question  of  L.  H.  WAL- 
TERS, as  to  the  best  method  of  studying  Chinese, 
I  send  the  following  answer.  Obtain  a  Chinese 
master  who  speaks  the  Mandarin  dialect.  This 
dialect  is  spoken  by  the  Chinese  literati  through- 
out China.  Each  of  the  thirteen  provinces  speaks 
its  own  dialect,  unintelligible  to  a  native  of  any 
other  province,  although  each  province  under- 
stands the  written  signs.  Thus,  spring-water,  in 
Mandarin  dialect,  has  another  name  in  each  pro- 
vince ;  although  the  natives  of  each  province  un- 
derstand the  meaning  of  the  written  sign.  They 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


write  the  sign  in  the  air  with  the  finger,  and  so 
talk.  I  have  been  into  a  house  in  the  country  near 
Shang-hae,  and  asked  for  fire  for  my  cheroot :  I 
spoke  Mandarin,  the  peasant  spoke  Shang-hae 
dialect.  I  described  in  the  air  with  my  finger  the 
sign.  "  No"  was  understood.  A  master  is  also  ab- 
solutely necessary  to  learn  the  pronunciation  of  the 
tones  :  there  are  629  distinct  sounds  in  Chinese, 
which,  not  being  sufficient  to  express  all  ideas, 
the  Chinese  have  intonated  them  to  increase  their 
variety  and  distinctness.  There  are  four  tones 
applicable  to  each  sound,  named  ping,  the  even ; 
shang,  the  acute ;  Kheu,  the  grave ;  and  juh,  the 
abrupt :  thus,  ping,  a  ;  shang,  a ;  Kheu,  a  ;  juh,  a. 
Premare  and  Morrison  have  given  lists  of  the 
tones,  which,  if  attentively  perused  with  a  teacher, 
will  best  initiate  the  student  into  this  mystery. 
We  may  learn  to  translate  without  a  master :  pur- 
chase Medhursb's  English  and  Chinese  Dictionary, 
price  11  dollars  (4*.  4rf.  the  dollar);  and  Notices 
on  Chinese  Grammar,  by  Philo-Sinensis,  published 
at  Batavia.  Learn  the  radicals,  1 14  in  number  ; 
then  how  to  form  the  remaining  43,000  signs ; 
9000  will  be  sufficient,  by  adding  one  of  six 
marks,  or  strokes,  to  these  radicals,  and  thus  be 
able  to  use  the  dictionary.  Read  the  New  Testa- 
ment or  Gutzlaff's  Bible ;  afterwards,  the  four 
books  of  Confucius.  It  is  a  vulgar  error  to  sup- 
pose the  difficulty  of  acquiring  the  Chinese  lan- 
guage to  be  so  very  much  greater  than  other 
languages.  Whilst  I  was  in  China,  two  daughters 
of  M.  Le  Grenier,  the  French  Plenipotentiary, 
ages  eleven  and  thirteen,  learnt  to  speak  Chinese 
from  their  Chinese  maid-servant  in  twelve  months. 
Malays,  Negroes,  &c.,  all  learn  it.  One  of  the 
difficulties  consists  in  the  compounding  two  or 
more  signs  to  convey  a  single  idea.  Let  the  stu- 
dent beware  of  learning  a  Chinese  patois,  only 
understood  in  one  province,  from  any  of  those 
Chinese  who  are  in  the  shops  in  England,  pro- 
bably men  from  Singapore,  Batavia,  or  Malacca. 
A  residence  of  three  years  and  a  half  in  China, 
authorises  me  to  form  the  above  conclusions.  Any 
gentleman  wishing  for  farther  information,  may 
call  at  my  house,  10.  Byrom  Street,  Manchester, 
THOMAS  BELLOT,  Surgeon,  K.N. 


RECENT    CURIOSITIES    OF   LITERATURE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  475.) 

Mr.  Thackeray's  work,  The  Newcomes,  im- 
proves in  eccentricity  as  the  tale  progresses.  In 
addition  to  the  instances  already  noticed,  I  send 
the  following  : 

At  p.  43.,  we  meet  the  following  expression : 
"  Some  of  the  pleasant  evenings  I  have  ever  spent, 
have  been,"  &c.  Query,  "  pleasantest  ?  " 

At  p.  60.,  in  a  speech  by  Barnes  Newcome  :  "  I 
recollect  his  saying,  one  doosed  hot  night,  as  it 


seemed  to  us ;  I  rechlect  his  saying,"  &c.  Why, 
in  two  consecutive  lines,  spell  the  word  differ- 
ently ?  Surely  we  had  enough  of  mis-spelling  in 
The  Yellow-plush  Correspondence. 

At  p.  65.  we  see  children  disfigured  (in  the 
year  1833)  by  the  skimping  bonnets  which  were, 
happily,  unknown  until  1853. 

At  p.  71.,  round  hats  appear  with  narrow  brims, 
which  were  not  introduced  until  1851  ;  at  p.  91., 
we  read  of  a  bow  (bay  ?)  window  ;  and  at  p.  103., 
of  a  spine  (spinal  ?)  disease.  At  p.  32.,  the  old 
lady  is  described  as  "having  been  engaged  in 
reading  and  writing  in  her  library  until  a  late 
hour,  and  having  dismissed  her  servants  who 
(whom  ?)  she  never  would  allow  to  sit  up  for  her." 

At  p.  116.  we  find  "Countesses  with  O  such 
large  eyes;"  for  which  I  venture  to  substitute, 
"Oh!  such  large  eyes."  "Large  eyes"  are  not 
vocatives,  surely.  Mr.  Dickens  has  fallen  into  a 
similar  error  in  Bleak  House. 

At  p.  117.  we  meet,  "  Abellino,  the  Bravo  of 
Venice."  Rugantino  was  the  name  of  that  hero 
in  Mr.  Thackeray's  youthful  days. 

At  p.  123.  Colonel  Newcome  says,  "  I  know 
who  (whom  ?  again)  I  would  back." 

At  p.  127.  Mr.  Bayham  "made  an  abrupt  tack 
larboard."  Query,  "  to  larboard  ?  " 

At  p.  277.  "  Jack's  little  exploits  are  known  in 
the  Insolvent  Court,  where  he  made  his  appear- 
ance as  '  Charles  Belsize,  commonly  called  the 
Honorable  Charles  Belsize;'"  at  p.  278.  passim, 
he  is  called  "Jack;"  ditto  at  pp.  279,  280.  At 
p.  285.  he  is  called  "Jack,"  and  "Charles"  by 
Lord  Kew ;  at  p.  286.  that  nobleman  addresses 
him  as  "  Charles,"  and  at  p.  287.  he  is  spoken  of 
as  "  Jack," — under  which  prenom  he  figures  until 
the  end  of  the  Number  for  June,  1854. 

An  old  epithet  frequently  to  be  found  in  Vanity 
Fair  has  unhappily  been  resuscitated  for  the  de- 
lectation of  the  readers  of  the  first  four  numbers 
of  The  Newcomes.  Within  a  space  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty-eight  pages,  we  find  the  term  "  honest" 
introduced  as  follows:  "pp.5  (twice),  6.  8.  15. 
17.  40.  53.  55,  56.  59.  70.  87.  96  ("  the  honest 
rogue!  knew  good  wine"),  101.  113,  114.  124. 
127,  and  128.  the  last  page  of  number  four.  This 
epithet  is  sparingly  introduced  in  subsequent 
numbers  of  the  work.  Surely  no  author  has  a 
right  to  treat  his  readers  with  such  carelessness  as 
I  have  instanced ;  however,  it  is  something  to 
escape  the  parentheses  and  imprecations  which 
disfigured  his  novel  of  Esmond. 

By  way  of  a  finish,  you  will  find,  at  p.  316.  of 
the  July  number,  that  Captain  Belsize's  Christian 
names  are  given  as  "  Jack,"  "  Charles,"  and 
"William:"  the  last,  however,  with  design,  in 
order  to  the  blunder  of  a  garrulous  Doctor  at  a 
popular  watering-place. 

In  the  tale  of  "  Quintin  Bagshaw,"  by  Dudley 
Costello,  in  the  New  Monthly  Magazine  for  July, 


AUG.  26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


169 


we  read  twice  of  "  Mrs.  Quintin  Bagshaw,   Se- 
cundws."  JUVERNA. 

Sir  Arch.  Alison,  in  vol.  xvi.  of  the  small  8vo. 
edition  of  his  History  of  Europe,  p.  350.,  tells 
us  that  shrapnell  shells  were  used  for  the  first 
time  in  war  at  the  siege  of  St.  Sebastian,  1813  ; 
forgetting  what  he  before  said,  in  vol.  xii.  p.  114., 
that  they  were  used  first  at  the  battle  of  Vimeira, 
1808,  five  years  before.  Which  of  these  two  dates 
is  the  correct  one  for  their  introduction  in  war- 
fare ?  LOCCAN. 


FRANKLIN  S   PARABLE. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  8'2.) 

Your  correspondent  M.  appears  to  be  unaware 
of  the  full  discussion  which  Franklin's  "  Parable  " 
has  already  received  in  Bishop  Heber's  Life  of 
Jeremy  Taylor  and  elsewhere.  Many  of  your 
readers  probably  know  that  it  appears  in  a  some- 
what less  questionable  form  (for  surely  a  parody 
on  Scripture  must  be  so  regarded),  as  the  con- 
clusion of  Taylor's  noble  Discourse  of  the  Liberty 
of  Prophesying,  where  he  thus  introduces  it:  "I 
end  with  a  story  which  I  find  in  the  Jews'  books." 

Bishop  Heber  says  (Taylors  Works,  3rd  edit., 
vol.  i.  p.  ccix.),  — 

"  He  concludes  his  treatise  with  the  celebrated  story  of 
Abraham  and  the  idolatrous  traveller,  which  Franklin, 
with  some  little  variation,  gave  to  Lord  Kaimes  as  a 
'Jewish  Parable  on  Persecution,'  and  which  this  last- 
named  author  published  in  his  '  Sketches  of  the  History 
of  Man.'  A  charge  of  plagiarism  has,  on  this  account, 
been  raised  against  Franklin ;  though  he  cannot  be  proved 
to  have  given  it  to  Lord  Kaimes  as  his  own  composition, 
or  under  any  other  character  than  that  in  which  Taylor 
had  previously  published  it ;  that,  namely,  of  an  elegant 
fable  by  an  uncertain  author,  which  had  accidentally 
fallen  under  his  notice.  It  is  even  possible,  as  has  been 
observed  by  a  writer  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  (Sept. 
1816),  that  he  may  have  met  with  it  in  some  magazine 
without  Taylor's  name.  But  it  has  been  unfortunate  for 
him  that  his  correspondent  evidently  appeal's  to  have  re- 
garded it  as  his  composition ;  that  it  has  been  published 
as  such  in  all  the  editions  of  Franklin's  collected  works ; 
and  that,  with  all  Franklin's  abilities  and  amiable  quali- 
ties, there  was  a  degree  of  quackery  in  his  character 
which,  in  this  instance  as  well  as  in  that  of  his  profes- 
sional epitaph  on  himself,  has  made  the  imputation  of 
such  a  theft  more  readily  received  against  him,  than  it 
would  have  been  against  most  other  men  of  equal  emi- 
nence. 

"Whether  Taylor  himself  found  this  story  where  he 
professes  to  have  done,  it  has  long  been  a  matter  of  sus- 
picion. Contrary  to  his  general  custom,  he  gives  no 
reference  to  his  authority  in  the  margin ;  and,  as  the 
works  of  the  most  celebrated  Rabbins  had  been  searched 
for  the  passage  in  vain,  it  has  been  supposed  that  he  had 
ascribed  to  these  authors  a  story  of  his  own  invention,  in 
order  to  introduce  with  a  better  grace  an  apt  illustration 
of  his  moral.  My  learned  friend  Mr.  Oxlee,  whose  inti- 
mate and  extensive  acquaintance  with  Talmudic  and 
Cabalistic  learning  is  inferior  to  few  of  the  most  renowned 
Jewish  doctors  themselves,  has  at  length  discovered  the 
probable  source  from  which  Taylor  may  have  taken  this 


beautiful  apologue,  in  the  epistle  dedicatory  prefixed  to 
the  translation  of  a  Jewish  work,  by  George  Gentius, 
who  quotes  it,  however,  not  from  a  Hebrew  writer,  but 
from  the  Persian  poet  Saadi.  The  story  is  in  fact  found, 
word  for  word,  in  the  Boostan  of  this  last  writer,  as  ap- 
pears by  a  literal  translation,  which  I  have  received  from 
the  kindness  of  Lord  Teignmouth.  The  work  of  Gentius 
appeared  in  1651,  a  circumstance  which  accounts  for  the 
fact  that  the  parable  is  introduced  in  the  second,  not  the 
first,  edition  of  the  Liberty  of  Prophesying.  That  Taylor 
ascribes  it  to  '  the  Jews'  books '  may  be  accounted  for 
from  his  quoting  at  second-hand,  and"  from  the  nature  of 
the  work  where  he  found  it." 

Heber  still  farther  illustrates  the  subject  in  a 
note,  which  I  need  not,  however,  transcribe. 

C.  \V.  BlNGHAM. 

The  following  appears  to  be  the  origin  of  this 
parable : 

"Illustre  tradit  nobilissimus  autor  Sadus  venerandas 
antiquitatis  exemplum,  Abrahamum  patriarcham  hospi- 
talitatis  gloria  celebratum,  vix  sibi  felix  faustumque 
credidisse  hospitium,  nisi  externum  aliquem,  tanquam 
aliquod  presidium  domi,  excepisset  hospitem,  quern  omni 
officiorum  genere  coleret.  Aliquando  cum  hospitem  domi 
non  haberet  foris  eum  quaesiturus  campestria  petiit,  Forte 
virum  quendam,  senectute  gravem,  itinere  fessum,  sub 
arbore  recumbentem  conspicit. 

"  Quern  comiter  exceptum  domum  hospitem  deducit,  et 
omni  officio  colit,  cum  cosnam  appositam  Abrahamus  et 
familia  ejus  a  precibus  auspicarentur,  senex  manum  ad 
cibum  protendit,  nullo  religionis  aut  pietatis  auspicio 
usus,  Quo  viso,  Abrahamus  eum  ita  affatur.  '  Mi  senex, 
vix  decet  canitiem  tuam  sine  praevia  Numinis  venera- 
tione  cibum  sumere.'  Ad  quse  senex :  'Ego  ignicola  sum, 
istiusmodi  morum  ignarus,  nostri  enim  majores  nullam 
talem  me  docuere  pietatem.'  Ad  quam  vocem  horrescens 
Abrahamus,  rem  sibi  cum  ignicola  profano  et  a  sui  Nu- 
minis cultu  alieno  esse,  eum  e  vestigio  et  h  Caena  remo- 
tum,  ut  sui  consortii  pestcm  et  religionis  hostem  domo 
ejicit.  Sed  ecce  Summus  Deus  Abrahamum  statim  monet 
'  Quid  agis  Abrahame  ?  Itane  viro  fecisse  te  decuit  ? 
Ego  isti  seni  quantumvis  in  me  usque  ingrato,  et  vitam 
et  victum  centum  amplius  annos  dedi,  tu  homini  nee 
unam  coenam  dare,  unumque  eum  rriomentum  ferre 
potes?'  Qua  Diviua  voce  monitus  Abrahamus  senem 
ex  itinere  revocatum  domum  reducit,  et  tantis  officiis 
pietate  et  ratione  colit,  ut  suo  exemplo,  ad  veri  Numinis 
cultum  eum  perduxerit." — G.  Gentius,  Historia  Judaica 
Res  Judceorum  ab  eversa  ^Ede  Hierosolymita.no.  ad  Juec  fere 
tempora  usque  completes,  Amstelodam.,  anno  1651. 

Bishop  Jeremy  Taylor  introduces  the  same 
story  at  the  end  of  his  Liberty  of  Prophesying, 
saying  he  found  "it  in  the  Jews'  books."  He  died 
in  1667.  Franklin  was  not  born  until  1706. 

j.  a. 

Exon. 


ARMS    OF    GENEVA. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  110.) 

Your  correspondent  L.  C.  D.  expresses  some 
perplexity  on  the  subject  of  two  shields  ascribed 
to  Geneva  by  different  authorities.  This  seems 
to  me  to  have  arisen  from  not  having  sufficiently 
distinguished  between  the  free  city  of  Geneva, 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


and  the  "  seignorial  "territory  "."  of  Genevois :  a 
distinction  which  the  Counts  of  Genevois,  and 
their  successors  the  Counts  of  Savoy,  would  have 
gladly  done  away. 

Gonderic,  first  King  of  the  Burgundians,  dying, 
his  kingdom  was  divided,  A.D.  466,  between  his 
four  sons.  Gondeband  had  Vienne;  Chilperic, 
Lyons ;  Godesigile,  Geneva ;  and  Gotmar,  Be- 
sancon.  After  various  struggles  among  these 
petty  states,  and  interventions  of  the  kings  of 
France,  A.  D.  620 : 

"  The  French  king,  Clotairius  II.,  drove  out  the  Bur- 
gundians from  the  country  of  the  Allobroges,  and  settled 
magistrates  at  Geneva."  —  Span,  pp.  13 — 14. 

I  am  more  particular  in  making  this  quotation, 
unsatisfactory  as  it  is,  because  every  subsequent 
charter  that  I  have  seen  noticed  seems  less  an 
original  grant  than  a  confirmation  of  one  already 
existing. 

About  A.D.  773 

•  "  Charlemain  came  to  Geneva,  where  he  called  a  council 
of  war  about  his  passing  into  Italy  against  Didier,  King 
of  the  Lombards :  he  confirmed  the  liberties  and  privileges 
of  Geneva,  both  in  church  and  state."  —  Span,  p.  15. 

Under  date  of  A.D.  1050,  Spon  says: 

"  The  following  ages  will  yield  us  more  matter,  through 
the  ambition  of  three  lords,  who  would  become  masters  of 
Geneva:  which  three  were  the  Bishop,  the  Earl  of  Gene- 
vois, and  the  Earl  of  Savoy,  who  have  several  times 
brought  it  near  to  destruction :  but  this  their  striving 
who  should  become  masters  of  it,  hath  been  a  means  to 
continue  its  privileges  and  liberties  as  an  imperial  city, 
which  the  magistracy  claims  time  out  of  mind,  as  well  by 
the  death  of  Oblius,  who  left  his  countreys  free,  as  also  by 
the  privilege  of  a  Roman  colony  under  the  first  emperors, 
and  by  a  confirmation  from  Charlemain,  for  they  tell  us 
the  kings  of  Burgundy  were  usurpers.  It  belongs  not  to 
us  to  decide  the  contrary  pretensions  of  these  three  above- 
mentioned  lords :  Guichaenon  and  other  authors  call  the 
Earls  of  Genevois  Earls  of  Geneva,  which  is  contrary  to 
several  ancient  titles  of  these  earls,  which  name  them 
Comites  Gebennesii,  and  not  Gebennenses ;  for  it  is  well 
known  that  Gebenesium  is  Genevois,  which  is  separate 
from  the  jurisdiction  of  Geneva.  But  it  is  very  likely 
some  have  taken  upon  them  this  title,  as  may  be  seen  on 
an  ancient  coin  of  an  earl  who  lived  about  the  year  1370, 
who  called  himself  Petrus  Comes  Gebennensis,  which  the 
bishops  have  resented  ill,  especially  John  Lewis  of 
Savoy." 

The  Counts  of  Genevois  are  understood  to  have 
been  at  first  merely  the  administrators  for  the 
emperor  over  that  province  (which  I  think  Pichot 
says  was  at  that  time  bounded  by  the  three  moun- 
tains Jura,  Saleve,  and  Vuache,  though  a  much 
larger  extent  of  Savoy  seems  now  distinguished 
by  the  name  of  the  province  of  Genevois),  though 
they  became  at  length  nearly  independent.  The 
contest  lay  at  first  between  them  and  the  bishops, 
the  people  of  Geneva  generally  siding  with  the 
bishop  as  the  least  formidable.  During  which 
time  they  obtained  several  confirmatory  charters 
from  the  emperors,  of  which  one  from  Frederick 


Barbarossa,  A.D.  1162,  was  long  known  as  "the 
Golden  Bull  of  Geneva." 

The  Count  of  Savoy  (formerly  Count  of  Mau- 
rienne)  first  comes  on  the  scene  about  1211, 
when,  alarmed  by  the  threatening  power  of  the 
Count  of  Genevois,  the  bishop  entered  into  a 
league  with  Thomas  I.  of  Savoy.  But  the 
Counts  of  Savoy  soon  proved  more  dangerous 
neighbours  even  than  the  other,  especially  when  in 
1402  Odo  of  Villars,  the  last  Count  of  Genevois, 
ceded  his  lands,  &c.  to  Ame  VIII.  of  Savoy. 

Having  already  occupied  too  large  a  space,  I 
must  content  myself  with  referring  to  the  under- 
mentioned works  for  the  details  of  the  further 
struggles  and  the  extremities  to  which  Geneva 
was  at  one  time  reduced,  till  finally  delivered  from 
the  Duke  of  Savoy  in  1526,  by  an  alliance  with 
Berne  and  Fribourg,  and  from  the  bishop  about 
1532  by  the  Reformation.  (Keate,  pp.  48.  52.) 

"Whatever  trivial  disputes  have  accidentally  arisen, 
were  all  finally  adjusted  by  a  treaty  concluded  in  1754 
between  the  present  King  of  Sardinia  and  the  State  of 
Geneva,  in  which  the  latter  is  acknowledged  by  that 
crown  to  be  free  and  independent."  —  Keate,  p.  60. 

Has  L.  C.  D.  adverted  to  this  treaty  ? 

Perhaps  the  following  passage  relative  to  the 
arms  of  Geneva  may  interest  your  correspondents : 

"About  the  end  of  this  year  [1535]  the  city  being 
surrounded  by  enemies,  wanting  provision  and  destitute 
of  money;  this  put  the  magistrates  upon  coining  some 
with  the  city  stamp,  the  Savoy  coyn  having  been  most 
current  before  amongst  them.  And  for  better  assurance 
in  this  point  of  privilege;  there  was  search  made  for  all 
old  pieces  of  the  city  coyn.  At  length  there  were  found 
some  pieces,  on  one  side  of  which  there  was  s.  PKTRVS 
written  round  St.  Peter's  head ;  and  on  the  other  side  a 
cross,  with  this  motto,  'Geneva  Civitas,'  The  City  of 
Geneva,  after  the  same  manner  as  we  have  represented  it 
on  the  next  side  [i.  e.  in  the  plate].  And  because  the 
ancient  device  of  the  city  in  its  arms  was  '  Post  tenebras 
spero  lucem,'  7"  expect  light  after  darkness,  there  was 
coyned  on  one  side  of  the  new  money, '  Post  tenebras  lux 
or  lucem,'  After  darkness  light.  On  the  other  side  was 
the  arms  of  Geneva,  the  key  and  eagle,  with  this  device, 
'  Deus  noster  pugnat  pro  nobis,  1535,'  Our  God  fights  for 
us.  There  were  likewise  some  coyned  the  year  following, 
which  instead  of  this  superscription,  had  this  about  the 
name  of  Jesus ;  '  Mihi  sese  flectet  omne  genu : '  Every 
knee  shall  bow  before  me."  —  Spon,  p.  107. 

I  do  not  think  any  of  your  correspondents  have 
noticed  the  motto  "Post  tenebras  lux,"  always 
now  used  ;  nor  that  the  shield  is  surmounted  (by 
way  of  crest  I  suppose)  by  the  letters  i.  H.  s.  en- 
circled by  a  glory. 

Whatever  the  field  of  the  dexter  shield  may 
have  at  one  period  been,  it  is  decidedly  or  at 
present.  The  flag  of  the  canton  is  scarlet  and 
yellow,  and  the  macer  who  precedes  the  syndics 
in  a  procession  wears  (or  did  so  in  1846)  a  cloak 
made  half  of  scarlet  cloth,  half  of  yellow. 

The  works  consulted  in  writing  the  above  are, 
—  The  History  of  the  City  and  State  of  Geneva,  by 
Jacob  Spon,  Doctor  of  Physic,  &c.  Translation 


AUG.  26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


171 


printed  in  London,  1687 ;  A  Short  Account  of  the 
Ancient  History,  Present  Government,  and  Laws  of 
the  Republic  of  Geneva,  by  George  Keate,  Esq. : 
London,  Dodsley,  1761  ;  Dictionnaire  Geogra- 
phique,  Historique,  and  Politique,  de  la  Suisse  : 
Geneve,  1777.  (article  "  Geneve.")  G.  GERVAIS. 


EXPOSITION    OF   JOSHCA   X.  12.  13. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  122.) 

ME.  BUCKTON  says : 

"  The  interpretation  usually  given  is,  that  the  day  was 
lengthened  by  a  miracle ;  and  one  mode  has  been  con- 
jectured, in  a  note  on  Josephus  (Ant.,  v.  i.  17.),  as  a 
stoppage  of  the  diurnal  motion  of  the  earth  for  about  half 
a  revolution,  which  appears  to  be  the  notion  generally 
entertained." 

Query,  Since  he  acknowledges  that  the  inter- 
pretation usually  given,"  and  "  the  notion  generally 
entertained,"  is  that  a  miracle  was  wrought,  how 
could  it  happen  that,  as  he  has  told  us  in  the 
previous  sentence,  critics  should  have  spent  their 
wits  in  a  vain  "  attempt  to  extract "  a  miracle  ? 
Are  your  readers  to  suppose  that  he  employs  the 
word  extract  as  dentists  do,  for  pulling  out,  to 
cast  away  ?  He  says  : 

"  The  whole  passage  in  Josh.  x.  12.  14.  being  taken  as 
poetical,  historical,  and  commentatory  (sz'c),  will  dispense 
with  the  supposition  of  a  miracle,  which  many  critics 
attempt  to  extract  by  a  misapprehension  of  poetical  phra- 
seology." 

Does  this  mean  that  if  we  regard  one  part  of  the 
passage  as  a  fiction,  another  part  as  history,  and 
another  as  the  historian's  comment,  this  reading 
made  easy  will  render  it  unnecessary  to  suppose 
there  was  any  miracle  ?  Perhaps  it  would.  But 
the  "  many  critics  "  to  whom  he  alludes,  seem  to 
have  been  singular  persons.  Jf  they  laboured  to 
prove  that  the  passage  was  intended  to  describe  a 
miracle,  they  might  have  spared  their  pains,  for 
such  was  its  obvious  meaning.  But  if  they  must 
needs  meddle  with  what  was  plain  quoad  the 
translation,  it  has  not  been  very  uncommon  for 
critics  to  err  from  a  misapprehension  of  what  they 
attempt  to  mend ;  but  to  work  upon  their  readers 
by  a  misapprehension  would  seem  unfair.  Yet 
perhaps  both  kinds  of  paralogism  may  be  properly 
acknowledged  to  exist  together  in  your  critic's 
article.  For  when  he  proceeds  to  say,  — 

"  It  is  only  necessary  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  lengthening  of  days  is  of  common  occurrence,  and  is 
not  made  as  Whiston  suggests,  but  by  varying  the  angle 
of  the  equator  with  the  ecliptic,  which  might  have  been 
effected  in  Joshua's  time  by  the  attraction  of  a  comet  de- 
flecting the  earth  from  its  regular  motion," 

it  will  be  evident  to  any  scientific  reader  that  he 
has  argued  thus  from  a  misapprehension  of  the 
distinction  between  the  earth's  diurnal  and  annual 
movements ;  whilst,  when  he  employs  his  own 


misapprehension  to  make  the  ignorant  believe  that 
D^DD  DV2  means  "  as  on  a  regular  (nonal  or  ordi- 
nary) day,"  he  may  be  said  to  be  arguing  by  a 
misapprehension. 

There  are,  however,  misapprehensions  of  dif- 
ferent kinds.  He  says  : 

"  Taking  the  non-miraculous  view  of  the  question,  it 
will  not  appear  strange  that  the  Israelites  should  think 
the  day  unusually  long,  when  we  consider  that  they  had 
been  in  forced  march  all  the  previous  night  up-hill 
(Josh.  x.  9.) ;  had  been  fighting  all  day,  and  ascending 
the  mountains  in  pursuit  of  the  retreating  foe  in  the 
evening,  which  ascent  would  protract  the  day,  and  give  a 
stationary  appearance  to  the  moon  and  the  sun." 

This  will  seem  to  some  rather  a  miraculous  view, 
than  otherwise,  of  the  question.  For  it  assumes 
the  existence  of  such  hills  in  Judasa  as  would  re- 
quire long  protracted  marches  indeed  for  ascend- 
ing them ;  and  the  text  says  plainly  that  the  pur- 
suit was  down  hill.  (Jos.  x.  11.)  For  the  misap- 
prehensions of  the  Hebrew  text  and  grammar,  in 
the  translation  given  in  his  note,  MR.  BUCKTON 
may  not  be  answerable.  HENRY  WALTER. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

New  Camera. — I  am  desirous  of  suggesting  to  the  pho- 
tographic readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  a  form  of  Camera  for  the 
calotype  process,  which  seems  to  me  to  possess  consider- 
able advantages.  My  attention  was  first  directed  to  it  by 
an  endeavour  to  find  some  easier  mode  of  shifting  the 
excited  papers  into  and  from  the  dark  frames,  than  any 
that  has  yet  been  proposed.  Of  these  I  look  upon  the 
yellow  bag,  suggested  by  DR.  DIAMOND,  as  by  far  the 
most  simple  and  most  practical ;  but  that  there  are  many 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  using  that  with  facility  will  be 
readily  admitted  by  all  who  have  tried  it.  The  advan- 
tage of  the  yellow  bag  is,  that  you  require  but  one  dark 
frame  and  a  portfolio  for  your  excited  paper,  so  that  the 
weight  of  your  apparatus  is  certainly  considerably  di- 
minished ;  but  as,  without  great  care  and  nicety  in  chang- 
ing the  papers,  they  are  liable  to  be  exposed  to  light,  and 
consequently  spoiled,  I  was  desirous  of  finding  some  safer 
and  easier  plan. 

I  first  calculated  how  many  pictures  a  photographer  of 
ordinary  skill  might  take  and  develope  in  the  course  of  a 
day,  and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  from  ten  to  twelve 
pictures  were  as  many  as  could  well  be  calculated  on. 
The  smaller  number,  in  fact,  appeared  to  me  as  many  as 
he  could  develope  with  ease  on  his  return  home  from  his 
day's  work,  and  on  arriving  at  this  conclusion  it  was  that 
the  idea  occurred  to  me  which  is  the  object  of  my  present 
communication. 

To  secure  these  ten  pictures  without  the  trouble  of 
shifting  the  papers,  or  the  chance  of  spoiling  the  papers 
while  so  shifting  them,  live  double  dark  frames  would  be 
required ;  and  1  propose  therefore  to  have  this  number. 
Each  side  of  the  camera  is  to  be  so  constructed  as  to  be 
formed  of  two  of  these  double  frames,  slipping  into 
grooves  constructed  to  receive  them  in  the  same  manner 
as  the  fifth  is  received  at  the  end  of  the  camera  when 
the  paper  is  to  be  exposed.  These  dark  frames  will  of 
course  be  numbered,  and  will  be  shifted  from  time  to  time 
as  required.  This  camera,  which  I  propose  to  call  the 
Ten-view  Camera,  will  enable  the  photographer  to  take, 
without  risk,  as  many  views  as  he  can  well  develope. 


172 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


Although  I  have  not  yet  had  the  theory  put  into  prac- 
tice, I  have  consulted  a  maker  of  cameras  of  great  expe- 
rience (Mr.  Ottewill),  who  has  pointed  out  a  way  of 
getting  over  one  or  two  mechanical  difficulties  in  the 
way  of  making  the  body  .of  the  camera  a  folding  one; 
and  the  only  serious  objection  which  I  have  heard  from 
any  practical  photographic  friend,  namely,  that  the  slides 
will  be  exposed  all  day  to  the  action  of  light  and  heat, 
which  may  affect  the  paper  contained  in  them,  may 
readily  be  got  over  by  having  a  small  covering  of  white 
satin  or  flannel  to  throw  over  the  body  of  the  camera. 
This  form  of  camera  is  clearly  best  calculated  for  a  long- 
focus  lens  j  but  it  is  obvious  the  sides  may  be  longer  than 
the  focus  of  the  camera,  provided  the  groove  for  the  in- 
sertion of  the  focussing  glass  and  dark  frame  be  suitably 
adjusted.  There  is  no  reason  why  this  should  be  at  the 
extreme  end  of  the  camera ;  it  may  be  at  twe-thirds  of 
its  length,  or  any  other  point  best  suited  to  the  lens. 

I  should  not  have  thrown  out  this  idea  until  it  had  been 
brought  into  practice,  but  that  I  felt,  if  it  was  likely  to 
prove  useful,  the  sooner  it  was  published  the  better,  for 
the  sake  of  those  who,  like  myself,  were  dissatisfied  with 
the  present  mode  of  shifting  papers,  and  for  the  sake  of 
eliciting  any  hints  calculated  to  improve  it. 

WILLIAM  J.  THOMS. 

Photographic  Queries,  with  Replies.  —  1.  Would  you 
kindly  tell  me  how  much  of  the  amber  varnish  DR. 
DIAMOND  puts  into  his  collodion  ?  It  is  a  great  improve- 
ment, but  I  want  to  know  the  best  proportion. 

2.  I  have  tried  DR.  DIAMOND'S  last  formula  for  iodizing 
collodion,  but  cannot  get  the  iodide  of  potassium  to  dis- 
solve in  sufficient  quantity  in  my  spirit  of  wine.     I  have 
tried  all  the  spirit  to  be  had  in  Bombay,  but  the  result  is 
the  same.     Can  you  tell  me  the  proper  degree  over  proof 
required  ?     Mine  may  be  too  strong,  it  is  about  50°. 

3.  Can  the  pyro-gallic  solution  for  collodion  negatives 
be  used  over  and  over  again,  or  must  it  be  fresh  for  each 
plate? 

4.  I  send  a  piece  of  wax  paper,  to  ask  if  you  can  tell 
the  cause  of  these  immovable  brown  spots  coming  over  it  ? 
I  have  done  hundreds  of  negatives,  many  of  them  beauti- 
ful in  other  respects,  but  spoiled  from  this  defect  alone. 
I  think  the  wax  paper  iodide  does  not  keep  well,  and 
that  the  only  plan  is  to  prepare  it  for  one's  self.    What 
recipe  do  you  approve  of  most  ?     Crook's  is  very  simple, 
but  I  cannot  keep  the  light  clear.     Besides  the  spots, 
what  else  is  the  matter  with  the  negative  on  the  paper  I 
send  ?  A  CONSTANT  READER. 

Bombay,  June  30, 1854. 

[1.  About  five  drops  to  the  ounce.  More  is  apt  to 
make  the  collodion  tender. 

2.  In  all  probability  you  are  right  in  supposing  the 
spirit  to  be  too  strong.     However,  it  is  a  rare  thing  not 
to  be  able  to  obtain  a  sufficiently  strong  iodide  of  potas- 
sium.    In  making  the  collodion,  it  should  be  tested  by 
dipping  a  plate  of  glass,  coated  with  it,  into  the  nitrate  of 
silver  bath,  so  as  to  ascertain  the  quantity  of  iodide. 

3.  The  pyrogallic  solution  must  always  be  fresh.    It  is 
always  better  when  fresh  made. 

4.  "Probably  the  heat  of  the  climate  has  affected  the 
wax  paper.     We  have  seen  some  admirable  results  of  the 
process  recommended   by  ME.  HOWE  in  "N.  &  Q."  — 
ED.  "N.  &Q."] 


to  Elinor 

Mr.  Jehylland  the  "  Tears  of  the  Cruets"  (Vol.  x., 
p.  125.).  —  I  find  that  I  copied  this  squib  from  the 
Morning  Chronicle,  at  the  time  it  was  published. 


I  have  not  the  date ;  but  from  the  reference  to 
Lord  Melville,  and  Mr.  Trotter,  and  the  "  Tenth 
Report,"  it  must  have  been  about  1806.  If  your 
readers  enjoy  fun  as  much  as  I  do,  although  a 
sexagenarian,  they  will  thank  me  for  sending  you 
a  copy.  „ 

"THE  TEARS  OF  THE  CREWETS, 
On  taxing  Salt  and  Vinegar. 

Two  sulky  Salt-cellars  contriv'd  to  meet 

A  pensive  Pepper-box  in  Downing  Street, 

And  these  conven'd  in  factious  consultation 

The  motley  Crewels  of  administration. 

Old  Melville's  Mustard-pot  refus'd  to  come, 

Haggis  and  Trotters  kept  him  safe  at  home ; 

Pitt's  peevish  Vinegar  made  no  delay, 

Nor  the  smooth,  tasteless  Oil  of  Castlereagh ; 

The  Sugar-castor  Wilberforce  supplied, 

And  preach'd,  like  Pollux,  by  his  Castor's  side : 

Much  Salt  complain'd,  much  Vinegar  deplor'd 

The  tax  that  forc'd  them  from  the  pauper's  board, 

Much  curs'd  the  country  gentlemen,  whose  bags 

Shrunk  at  the  taxing  of  the  farmers'  nags ; 

Who  left  poor  Vinegar,  like  Mum  and  Malt, 

To  share  the  grievances  endur'd  by  Salt  — 

Not  Attic  Salt;— for  Billy  Pitt  they  knew 

Had  not  an  ounce  of  that  'mong  all  his  crew ; 

Curs'd  old  George  Rose,  who  stated  from  his  book 

How  little  salt  his  Hampshire  bacon  took ; 

Salt  to  his  porridge  George  had  got  before, 

Nor  car'd  what  suff 'rings  public  porridge  bore. 

'What  honest,  humble  Sauce  can  long  enjoy 

His  fair  security  ?  '  cried  gloomy  Soy ; 

'  Catshup  may  chance  escape  the  luckless  hour, 

So  many  Mushrooms  now  have  place  and  power ; 

Finance's  petty-fogging,  pickling  plan 

May  strike  at  Onions  and  excise  Kian, 

\Vhile  stamps  and  annual  licence  must  be  got 

For  all  who  relish  garlick  and  chalot. 

Poor  Barto  Valle !  melancholy  Burgess ! 

Victims  of  Pitt,  of  Huskisson,  and  Sturges!_ 

Ah !  look  not  sour,  for  Pitt,  serene  and  placid, 

May  tax  sour  looks,  that  universal  acid ; 

Ah !  drop  no  tear,  for  Billy  wo'n't  relax, 

And  tears  are  salt,  and  liable  to  tax.' 

So  wail'd  the  Crewets  till  the  meeting  clos'd ; 

This  resolution  Salt  at  last  propos'd, 

That  Vinegar  and  he  should  jointly  sport 

A  new  sauce  piquante  for  the  '  Tenth  Report.'  " 

D.  S. 

"  Coaches"  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  98.;  Vol.  x.,  p.  52.).— 
The  song  referred  to  will  be  found  in  Fairburn's 
Universal  Songster  (Lond.  1826),  vol.  H.  p.  215. 
It  was  composed  by  Collins,  is  entitled  "  Paddy 
Bull's  Expedition,"  and  is  sung  to  the  tune  of  the 
Irish  melody  Old  Langolee.  F. 

Patrick  Carey  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  406.).  —  In  a  letter 
from  John  Ashburnham  to  a_lady  of  title  (whose 
name  does  not  occur),  which  is  preserved  amongst 
Thurloe's  papers  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  vol.  ii. 
f.  503.,  but  not  printed  in  Birch's  collection,  there 
is  the  following  notice  of  this  little-known  member 
of  the  Falkland  family.  The  letter  is  dated  No- 
vember 27,  1652  : 

"  What  you  finde  in  Mr.  Harvey  his  letter  concerning 
Mr.  Patrick  Carey  (the  late  Lord  Falkland's  brother)  ia 


AUG.  26. 1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


173 


(at  the  least)  but  the  iust  character  that  is  due  to  him. 
And  though  I  have  not  the  presumption  to  add  any- 
thing to  what  Mr.  Harvey  takes  uppon  to  speake  to,  yet 
I  may  say,  that  greater  nierritt  was  not  in  any  man  then 
in  his  brother,  nor  was  any  man  more  obleidged  to  him 
then  was  myselfe ;  insomuch  that  if  there  were  any  occa- 
tion  for  me  to  serue  his  memory,  I  would  readily  hazard 
my  life  for  itt.  By  this  jrou  may  see  how  much  I  am 
concerned  in  anything  that  relates  to  my  dead  ffreind." 

W.  D.  MACRAY. 

New  College. 

"Nagging"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  29.).  — This  should  be 
spelt  knagging.  To  knag,  v.  a.  to  tease,  to  worry 
with  frequent  recurrence  to  trifling  points  of  dis- 
pute, to  annoy,  to  tear.  See  Dictionary  of  the 
JSnglish  Language,  from  the  best  authorities,  from 
Johnson  to  Webster,  London,  8vo.,  1835,  Tuckey 
and  Co.,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden.  No 
authorities,  however,  are  quoted  for  the  use  of  the 
word  in  this  work.  F.  S.  T. 

Halliwell,  in  his  very  useful  Archaic  Dictionary, 
defines  the  verb  wag1  thus  :  "to  nick,  chip,  or  slit." 

C. H.  (1) 

Francklyn  Household  Booh  :  Jumballs~(VoL  ix., 
pp.  422.  575.).  —  J.  K.,  after  quoting  the  entry  of 
"Nov.  10,  1646.  For  haulfe  a  pound  of  cakes  and 
jumballs,  lOrf.,"  asks  "What  are  jumballs  ?" 

Jumballs  are  jumbles,  a  kind  of  sweet  cake  very 
common  in  this  country,  and  which  we  doubtless 
derived,  with  their  name,  from  the  mother  country. 
If  the  making  of  them  is  one  of  "  the  lost  arts  "  of 
England,  I  will  cheerfully  transmit  an  approved 
recipe  for  their  preparation.  They  contain  no 
ginger.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

"  Quid  fades,"  Sfc.  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  539.).  — I  do  not 
recollect  that  BAJLLIOLENSIS  has  received  any  reply 
to  his  Query,  requesting  some  account  of  the  lines 
beginning  as  above.  Let  me  therefore  refer  your 
correspondent  to  p.  140.  of  No.  VI.  of  the  pub- 
lished Proceedings  of  the  Liverpool  Literary  and 
Philosophical  Society,  where  he  will  find  the  fol- 
lowing reference  to  Englegrave's  Sacred  Emblems, 
made  by  the  (then)  President,  Joseph  Brooks 
Yates,  Esq.,  in  a  note  to  his  interesting  paper  on 
"Books  of  Emblems:" 

"  Perhaps  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  more  curious 
string  of  inveterate  puns  or  play  upon  words  than  the 
following.  It  is  met  with  in  a  volume  of  Sacred  Emblems, 
published  at  Cologne,  A.  D.  1G55,  by  Henry  Engelgrave,  a 
learned  Jesuit. 

'  Quid  facies,  facies  veneris  cum  veneris  ante  ? 
Ne  sedeas,  sed  eas, — ne  per  eas  pereas.' " 

J.  SANSOM. 
Oxford. 

Ought  and  Aught  (Vol.  ix.,  p. 419.).  — T.  "re- 
grets to  observe  that  ought  is  gradually  supplanting 
aught  in  our  language,  where  the  meaning  intended 


to  be  conveyed  ;is~anything."  May  I  inform  your 
correspondent  that  in  Howell's  Dictionary,  Lon- 
don, 1660,  aught  is  not  to  be  found  as  an  English 
word,  but  ought  is  thus  given  : 

"  OUGHT,  or  anything." 

"  Qualche  cosa,  o  niente ;  Algo,  o'  nada." 

Again,  your  correspondent  says  he  is  "  aware 
that  use  has  substituted  nought  for  naught  in  the 
sense  of  not  anything ;  the  latter  now  expressing 
only  what  is  bad ;  and  convenience  may  justify  that 
change,  nought  being  not  otherwise  used." 

If  T.  will  refer  to  Howell  he  will  find, 

"NOUGHT  ;  nothing." 
"NAUGHT;  bad." 

From  this  it  would  appear  that  nearly  two  hun- 
dred years  ago  nought  was  understood  in  England 
"  in  the  sense  of  not  anything,"  and  that  naught 
expressed  at  that  time  only  what  was  "  bad,"  as  it 
expresses  now.  W.  W. 

Malta. 

Good  Times  for  Equity  Suitors  (Vol.ix.,  p.  420.) . 
—  On  the  occasion  referred  to  by  Bishop  Good- 
man somebody  wrote  the  following  : 

"  When  More  some  time  had  Chancellor  been, 
No  more  suits  did  remain : 
The  like  will  never  more  be  seen 
Till  More  be  there  again." 

I  quote  from  memory.  II.  G. 

Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 

"  Widdecombe  folks  are  picking  their  geese" 
(Vol.  ii.,  p.  512.). — A  Devonshire  saying  during 
a  snow-storm.  I  think  that  your  correspondent 
is  mistaken  in  his  opinion,  that  "  Widdecombe,  in 
the  Dartmoors,  is  meant."  It  seems  to  me  that 
the  sky  only  is  meant,  which  is  also  called  in 
Devonshire  "  widdicote."  I  remember  a  nursery 
riddle : 

"  Widdicote,  woddicote,  over-cote  hang, 
Nothing  so  broad,  and  nothing  so  lang, 
As  widdicote,  woddicote,  over-cote  hang." 

What's  that  ?     Ans.  The  sky.     HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Pharetram  de  Tutesbit  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  316.).— This 
is  probably  an  error  for  Tutesbir,  or  Tutesbirie, 
the  old  name  for  Tewkesbury.  Query,  Was  this 
town  ever  famous  for  its  manufacture  of  leather  ? 
I  think  I  have  read  of  leather  gloves  being  made 
there.*  HENRY  T.  RLLEY. 

"  Tace"  Latin  for  a  Candle  (Vol.  ii.,  p.  45.). — 
I  think  that  the  passage  from  Swift's  Polite  Con- 
versation explains  the  meaning  of  this  phrase  : 


[*  Tewkesbury  was  more  famous  for  its  mustard  balls, 
which,  being  very  pungent,  occasioned  the  proverb  ap- 
plied to  a  sharp  fellow,  "  He  looks  as  if  he  lived  on 
Tewkesbury  mustard ; "  and  Shakspeare,  speaking  of  one 
with  a  sad,  severe  countenance,  uses  the  simile,  "As  thick 
as  Tewkesbury  mustard."]  , 


-74 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


"  Brandy  is  Latin  for  a  goose,  and  tace  is  Latin 
for  a  candle."  Grace  after  dinner  being  usually 
said  in  Latin  ("  Non  nobis  Domine,"  for  instance), 
the  words  grace  and  Latin  became,  in  a  measure, 
synonymous.  Brandy  following  the  eating  of 
goose,  as  regularly  as  grace  followed  dinner,  it  was 
called  the  Latin  or  grace  after  goose.  The  saying 
then  seems  to  imply,  that  mum's  the  word,  or  that 
silence  ought  to  ensue,  as  a  matter  of  course,  after 
the  candle  has  been  put  out ;  just  as  naturally  as 
brandy  is  taken  as  a  corrective  after  goose,  or  as 
grace  is  said  when  dinner  is  over.  It  is  not  im- 
possible that  it  may  have  been  a  maxim  framed 
by  some  scholar,  who  was  desirous  to  avoid  the 
infliction  of  a  "  curtain  lecture."  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Puritan  Antipathy  to  Custard  (Vol.v.,  p.  321.). — 
I  think  it  not  improbable  that  the  fact,  that  cus- 
tard was  a  condiment  greatly  beloved  by  the 
monks,  may  have  set  the  Puritans  against  it. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  their  dish  called 
"  almond-milk,"  or  "  almond  cream,"  was  the  same 
with  the  custard  of  more  recent  times.  In  the 
Continuation  of  the  History  of  Croyland  we  read 
of  Laurence  Chateres,  in  the  year  1413,  giving 
forty  pounds  for  the  purchase  of  almond-milk  for 
the  convent  on  fish  days.  The  regulations  for  the 
due  and  proper  supply  of  this  luxury  were  con- 
sidered of  so  much  importance,  that  they  fill  a 
whole  page  of  the  chronicle  (see  Bohn's  Ingulph 
and  Continuations,  p.  361.).  Again,  in  the  bill  of 
fare  of  an  abbey,  given  by  Fosbroke,  in  his  British 
Monachism,  we  find  "  crem  of  alemaundys "  men- 
tioned ;  which  he  explains  as  a  compound  of 
almonds  with  thick  milk,  water,  salt,  and  sugar. 
Of  course  I  have  suggested  this  explanation  of 
this  Puritan  antipathy,  on  the  supposition  that 
almonds  form  an  essential  part  of  custard.  I  cer- 
tainly do  not  think  that  a  proper  custard  can  be 
made  without  them.  The  monks,  most  probably, 
•were  acquainted  with  the  sobering  qualities  of 
almonds,  and  may  perhaps  have  found  them  use- 
ful antidotes  against  the  effects  of  the  double 
caritates  of  wine  with  which  they  were  treated  on 
feast  days.  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Land  of  Green  Ginger  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  227.).  — 
The  name  occurs  in  the  interlude  of  the  Marriage 
of  Witt  and  Wisdome,  written  in  1579,  thus  : 

"  Idlenis  loq.  I  haue  bin  at  St.  Quintin's, 
Where  I  was  twise  kild ; 
I  haue  bin  at  Musselborow, 
At  the  Scottish  feeld ; 
I  haue  bin  in  the  land  of  greene  ginger, 
And  many  a  wheare,"  &c. 

If  this  refers  to  the  same  place,  about  which 
MR.  RICHARDSON  and  others  have  written  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  (as  I  suppose  it  does),  it  disproves 
the  assertion  that  the  street  received  its  peculiar 
name  between  the  years  1640  and  1735.  Though 
the  above'  quotation  gives  no  clue  to  the  deri- 


vation of  the  term,  it  shows  its  great  antiquity, 
and  is  so  far  interesting  and  curious.  Mr.  Halli- 
well,  who  edited  the  play  for  the  Shakspeare 
Society,  does  not  attempt  any  explanation  in  his 
notes.  J.  R.  M.,  M.A. 

Books  chained  to  Desks  in  Churches  (Vols.  viii. 
&  ix.  passim). — I  have  just  met  with  what  is  pro- 
bably the  latest  instance  of  this  custom  in  the 
Priory  Church  of  Great  Malvern,  where  there  is 
a  copy  of  Comber's  Companion  to  the  Temple 
chained  to  a  movable  desk  at  the  end  of  the 
north  aisle  of  the  choir.  As  the  inscription  in  it 
is  curious  for  so  late  a  date,  I  give  a  transcript 
of  it: 

"  Reverend  Sir, 

"I  am  ordered  by  a  person  whose  name  I  am  obliged  to 
conceale,  to  direct  Dr.  Comber's  workes  to  you  for  yc  use 
of  ye  parishioners  of  Great  Malvern.  You  are  desired  to 
take  care  that  ye  churchwardens  chain  it  in  a  convenient 
part  of  the  church,  where  it  may  be  free  from  raine  and 
all  abuse. 

"  The  donor  desires  it  may  never  be  taken  or  lent  out 
of  ye  church,  or  used  in  any  private  house  for  ever ;  and 
that  this  his  request  may  not  be  forgotten,  it  is  thought 
necessary,  either  that  this  letter  be  transcribed  verbatim 
into  the  blank  page  before  the  title  of  the  booke,  or  pre- 
served in  the  church  coffer,  for  a  direction  to  all  succeed- 
ing ministers  and  churchwardens. 

"When  all  things  are  done  according  to  these  directions 
I  pray  certify  me  of  it  in  a  line  or  two. 
1  am,  reverend  Sr, 

Your  very  humble  serv1, 

HENRY  CLEMENTS. 

Oxford,  September  3, 1701." 

These  minute  directions  have  served  to  preserve 
the  book,  in  its  original  rough  calf  binding,  in  the 
church  for  153  years;  but  age  and  damp  have  now 
worked  their  work  upon  it,  and  it  is  fast  dropping 
to  pieces. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  there  be  any 
later  instance  than  this  of  1701  of  books  being 
chained  in  churches.  I  should  be  inclined  to 
imagine  that  in  this  particular  case  it  is  the  re- 
vival of  a  custom  which  even  then  had  become 
obsolete.  NORRIS  DECK. 

Great  Malvern. 

In  Frampton  Cotterell  Church,  near  Bristol, 
there  is  a  copy  of  Bishop  Jewell's  works  chained 
to  a  desk  in  the  south  aisle.  It  is  sadly  mutilated 
by  the  tearing  out  of  leaves.  This  appears  to  be 
generally  the  case  with  books  thus  placed  in 
churches.  May  not  the  exfoliation  be  the  handi- 
work of  sextons,  who  in  these  volumes  find,  near 
at  hand,  a  supply  of  fuel  for  lighting  the  church 
stoves  ?  J-  L.  S.,  Sen. 

Green  Eyes  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  407.  592. ;  Vol.  ix., 
pp.112.  432.).— 

"  But  now  I  think  on  it,  Sancho,  thy  description  of  her 
beauty  was  a  little  absurd  in  that  particular,  of  comparing 
her  eyes  to  pearls ;  sure  such  eyes  are  more  like  those  of 
a  whiting  or  a  sea-bream,  than  those  of  a  fair  lady  ;  and 


AUG.  26.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


175 


in  my  opinion  Dulcinea's  eyes  are  rather  like  two  verdant 
emeralds,  railed  in  with  two  celestial  arches,  which  signify 
her  eyebrows.  Therefore,  Sancho,  you  must  take  your 
pearls  from  her  eyes,  and  apply  them  to  her  teeth,  for  I 
verily  believe  you  mistook  the  one  for  the  other."  —  Don 
Quixote,  Part  h.  ch.  xi. 

C.  FORBES. 
Temple. 

Chinese  Proverbs  (Vol.  x.,  p.  46.). — MR.  MID- 
DLETON  will  probably  obtain  the  information  he 
requires  from  Mr.  Hewitt  of  Fenchurch  Street, 
who,  I  think,  exhibited  them.  L\ 

Colonel  St.  Leger  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  76. ;  Vol.  x., 
p.  95.).  —  I  have  to  thank  C.  H.  for  his  references 
in  answer  to  my  request  for  information  as  to 
Colonel  St.  Leger.  A  Query  once  inserted  be- 
comes, in  my  opinion,  common  property  ;  I  may 
therefore  be  allowed  to  give  a  few  notes,  which  I 
have  since  met  with,  in  answer  to  my  own 
inquiry.  John  Hayes  St.  Leger  was  born  July  23, 
1756 :  his  genealogy  will  be  found  in  Archdall's 
Irish  Peerage  (vide  "Doneraile  ").  The  marriage 
of  his  parents  is  thus  recorded  in  the  Gentleman  s 
Magazine,  vol.  xxiv.  p.  387. : 

"  July  24,  1754.  John  St.  Leger,  Esq.,  married  (the 
Hon.)  Miss  Butler  (daughter  of  the  Governor  of  Limerick), 
and  niece  of  Lord  Lanesborough ;  40,0001.  fortune." 

The  same  periodical  mentions  his  appointment  as 
lieut.-col.  of  the  1st  Foot  Guards,  October,  1782, 
when  only  twenty-six  years  of  age ;  and  on  the 
Prince  of  Wales  attaining  his  majority,  he  was 
appointed  groom  of  the  bedchamber  in  his  house- 
hold. In  1790  he  was  returned  to  Parliament  for 
Okehampton,  and  on  Feb.  25,  1795,  he  was  ga- 
zetted as  a  major-general  in  the  army,  and  on  the 
marriage  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  he  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Ceylon.  His  death  is  chronicled  in 
the  Gentlemaris  Magazine,  as  also  in  the  Asiatic 
Annual  Register  for  1800,  which  refers  it  to  the 
latter  part  of  1799.  I  would  be  glad  to  know 
where  he  was  buried,  whether  he  was  married, 
and  if  the  great  Doncaster  race  derives  its  name 
from  him  ?  In  short,  any  information  as  to  his 
domestic  history  would  be  acceptable.  W.  P.  M. 

Roman  Roads  in  Great  Britain  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  325.  431.).— 

1.  "  Long's  (Henry  Lawes)  Observations  upon  certain 
Roman  Eoads  and  Towns  in  the  South  of  Britain."    8vo. 
Farnham,  1836.     (Privately  printed.) 

2.  "  Roy's    Military  Antiquities    of   the    Romans    in 
Britain." 

3.  "  Horsley's  Britannia  Romana." 

4.  "  Professor  Hussey's  Account  of  the  Roman  Road 
from  Allchester  to  Dorchester."    8vo.  Oxford. 

5.  "  Reliquiae  Romanse."     (Query  by  Mr.  P.  B.  Dun- 
can, of  New  College,  Oxford.) 

6.  "  Buckman's  (Professor)  and  Newmarch's  (C.  H., 
Esq.)  Illustrations  of  Remains  of  Roman  Art  in  Ciren- 
cester,  the  site  of  aucient  Corinum."    4to.  1850. 

AHON. 


Legend  of  a  Monk  (Vol.  x.,  p.  66.). —  The  story 
is  related  by  Tursellino.  A  Dalmatian  priest  was 
taken  by  the  Turks,  and  after  the  usual  pre- 
liminaries, embowelled.  While  suffering  he  vowed, 
if  he  lived,  a  pilgrimage  to  Loretto,  and  the 
Turks,  in  derision,  put  his  intestines  in  his  hand, 
telling  him  to  take  them  there.  Upon  this  he  set 
out,  and  quickly  finished  the  journey  of  many 
days,  bearing  all  [the  way  his  intestines  in  his 
hands,  and  great  crowds  nocking  about  him  to 
see.  He  arrived  at  Loretto  when  the  church  was 
open,  and  entering  it  he  held  forth  the  entrails, 
showed  his  empty  thorax,  told  his  story,  confessed, 
received  the  eucharist,  and  died  ("in  Deiparae 
conspectu  complexuque  ut  credere  par  est ").  The 
intestines  were  hung  from  the  ceiling,  and  when 
they  decayed  their  place  was  supplied  by  a  model 
in  wood.  This,  however,  was  found  to  draw  the 
attention  of  the  country-people  from  their  de- 
votions ;  so  Pius  III.  substituted  a  picture  with  a 
brief  narration,  which  was  there  when  Tursellino 
wrote,  and  probably  is  now.  The  above  is  the 
substance  of  the  legend.  In  compliance  with 
W.  M.  T.'s  request,  I  send  the  most  "  authentic  " 
account  I  can  find.  There  is  a  want,  as  usual,  of 
names  and  dates,  but  the  seventeenth  chapter 
contains  a  list  of  gifts  made  to  the  church  of  Lo- 
retto in  the  time  of  Leo  X.,  and  the  eighteenth, 
in  which  the  miracle  is  told,  begins,  "  eodem  fere 
tempore."  The  author  says  : 

"  The  miracle  is  so  attested  that  it  would  be  a  sin  to 
doubt  it  (ut  nefas  sit  de  eo  dubitare).  Many  now  alive 
(?  1597)  bear  witness  that  they  have  seen  the  wood 
carving,  and  have  heard  those  who  lived  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood say  that  they  had  seen  the  fresh  intestines." 

Tursellino  dedicated  his  Lauretana  Historia, 
which  he  published  in  1597  at  Rome,  to  Cardinal 
Aldobrandino,  and  the  edition  before  me,  "Ve- 
netiis,  1715,"  is  dedicated  to  D.  Melchion  Nagio, 
the  Governor  of  the  Holy  House  and  town  of 
Loretto.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 


NOTES   ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

Although  this  is  the  dead  season  of  the  publishing 
world,  we  have  many  announcements  of  great  promise. 
Messrs.  Longman  are  preparing  to  publish  The  Baltic,  its 
Gates,  Shores,  and  Cities,  by  the  Rev.  T.  Milner ;  Glean- 
ings from  Piccadilly  to  Pera,  by  Commander  Oldmixon ; 
The  'British  Commonwealth,  by  Mr.  II.  Cox ;  A  Diary  in 
Turkish  and  Greek  Waters,  by  the  Earl  of  Carlisle  ;  Tra- 
ditions and  Superstitions  of  the  New  Zealanders,  by  Edward 
Shortland ;  and  Mr.  Denistoun's  Memoirs  of  Sir  Robert 
Strange  the  Engraver,  and  his  Brother-in-Law,  Andrew 
Laurisden. 

Mr.  Murray  announces,  in  his  Series  of  British  Classics, 
a  new  edition  of  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson,  edited  by  Mr. 
Peter  Cunningham ;  Addison's  Works,  edited  by  the  Rev. 
W.  Elwin.  The  same  publisher  is  about  to  produce  His- 
torical Memoirs  of  Canterbury ;  The  Landing  of  St.  Au~ 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


gustin  ;  The  Murder  ofBecket;  The  Black  Prince,  by  the 
Rev.  Canon  Stanley ;  Mr.  Muirhead's  Origin  and  Progress 
of  the  Inventions  of  James  Watt ;  and  Mr.  Lloyd's  Thou- 
sand Leagues  among  the  Snowy  Andes. 

Mr.  Bentley  announces  the  Letters  of  Henrietta  Maria, 
chiefly  from  inedited  Sources,  edited  by  Mrs.  Green. 

Messrs.  Blackwood  announce  a  New  Volume  of  Miss 
Strickland's  Life  of  Mary  Stuart. 

Messrs.  Constable  have  in.  the  press  a  work  by  Mr. 
Calderwood  On  the  Philosophy  of  the  Infinite. 

Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall  are  preparing  a  cheap  reprint 
of  Mr.  Lever's  Works ;  and  a  new  serial  by  him  entitled, 
Martin  of  Cro-Martin. 

Messrs.  Jackson  &  Walford  announce  a  New  Edition, 
with  additional  matter,  and  for  general  circulation,  of 
Mr.  Hepworth  Dixon's  John  Howard. 

Photography  is  by  no  means  the  mere  mechanical 
business  which  many  suppose.  To  succeed  in  its  practice, 
the  amateur  should  join  to  the  cultivated  taste  of  the 
artist  some  knowledge  of  chemistry,  and  of  optics ;  and 
of  the  relation  which  exists  between  these  two  branches  of 
physical  science.  To  furnish  him  with  information  upon 
this  point,  is  the  object  of  Professor  Hunt's  Researches  on 
i  Light  in  its  Chemical  Relations,  embracing  a  Consideration 
of  all  the  Photographic  Processes ;  and  when  we  say  that 
the  information  which  is  here  gathered  together  upon 
the  subject  of  the  chemistry  of  the  solar  radiations,  is  the 
result  of  thousands  of  experiments,  we  have  said  enough 
to  recommend  the  book  to  such  of  our  photographic 
friends  as  do  not  look  upon  the  camera  as  a  mere  toy,  but 
use  it  for  higher  and  better  purposes. 

Mr.  Bohn  may  well  express  surprise  that  a  classic  of  so 
much  renown  and  intrinsic  value  as  Strabo,  the  great 
geographer  of  antiquity,  should  have  hitherto  remained 
a  sealed  book  to  the  English ;  and  he  deserves  great 
credit  for  having  secured  for  his  Classical  Library  a  trans- 
lation of  it  by  competent  hands.  The  translation  was 
commenced  by  Mr.  H.  C.  Hamilton,  whose  official  duties 
interfered  with  his  progress  beyond  the  end  of  the  sixth 
book;  from  which  point  the  translation  is  that  of  Mr. 
Falconer,  son  of  the  editor  of  the  Oxford  edition  of  the 
Greek  Text,  who  had  devoted  several  years'  care  and  at- 
tention to  the  production  of  an  English  version.  It  will 
be  completed  in  three  volumes. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Songs  of  the  Dramatists.  This 
new  volume  of  the  Annotated  Edition  of  the  British  Poets, 
presents  the  reader  in  a  compact  form  with  a  collection  of 
the  most  beautiful  lyrics  in  the  language,  so  far  as  they 
have  proceeded  from  the  pens  of  our  dramatists,  from 
Udall  to  Sheridan.  —  The  History  of  the  Jesuits,  their 
Origin,  Progress,  Doctrines,  and  Designs,  by  G.  B.  Nico- 
lini,  the  new  volume  of  Bonn's  Illustrated  Library,  is 
written  avowedly  under  the  belief  that  "  in  no  other  epoch 
of  history  have  the  Jesuits  been  more  dangerous-  and 
threatening  for  England  than  in  the  present."  —  Tours  in 
Ulster ;  a  Handbook  to  the  Antiquities  and  Scenery  of  the 
North  of  Ireland,  by  J.  B.  Doyle,  with  numerous  Illus- 
trations from  the  Author's  Sketch  Book,  will  be  found  an 
agreeable  and  useful  travelling  companion  to  all  intending 
tourists  to  the  province  of  Ulster. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

COBBETT'S  STATE  TRIALS.    8vo.,  Vol.  VTII. 
GREY'S  HUDIBRAS.    1714.    Vol.  I, 

A   PLAIN     AND  AUTHENTIC  NARRATIVE    OP  THE    SAMPFORD  GHOST,   by   the 

Rev.C.  Colton. 
TOOKE'S  DIVERSIONS  OF  PURLEY,  1  Vol.  or  2  Vols.  Svo. 

**»  Letters,  stating;  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free,  to  be 
sent  to  MR.  BELI,,  Publisher  of  "NOTES  AND  QUERIES," 
186.  Fleet  Street. 


Particulars  of  Price,  &e.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent  direct  to 
the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose : 

AONE»  DB  CASTRO  (a  Tragedy),  by  Mrs.  Catherine  Trotter,  afterwards 
Mrs.  Cockburn.    4to.,  represented  at  the  Theatre  Royal  in  1695. 
Wanted  by  John  Adamson,  Esq.,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 


MISCELLANIES  :  The  tenth  volume,  by  Dr.  Swift.    12mo.   London.    1751. 
CLARENDON'S  HTSTORY  OF  THE  REBELLION,  &c.    Vol.  I.,  pU.  1  and  2. 

8vo.    Oxford,  1717. 
PROCEEDINGS  OF  THK  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  LONDON.    No  102  of  Vol. 

IV.     1845. 

Wanted  by  W.  C.  Trevelyan,  Esq.,  Wellington,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 


SIR  FRANCIS  WORTLBY'I  CHARACTERS  AND  ELEGIES.     4 to.     London. 
1646. 

Wanted  by  Henningham  and  Hollis,  5,  Mount  Street,  Grosvenor 
Square . 


POPE'S  LITERARY  CORRESPONDENCE,  published  by  Curll.  6vols.    1735-6. 
POPE  AND  SWIFT'S  MISCS'.LA.VIES.     Motte.    2  Vols.     1727. 
GIBBER'S  LIVES  OF  THE  POETS.    Vols.  II.  and  IV.    London.     1753. 
Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  Esq.,  25,  Holy  well  Street,  Millbanki 
Westminster. 


LETTER  TO  LORD  BYRON,  by  John  Bull.     London.    Svo.    1821, 
Wanted  by  Charles  Blackburn,  Leamington. 


BROOGHAM'S  STATESMEN.    3  Vols.  royal  Svo. 

BOROESS'  LIFE,  by  Matthew  Henry. 

BELL'S  QCADRDPKDS. 

ARCH.ZOLOGICAI,  JOURNAL.    No.  XXXII.  for  Dec.  1851. 

Wanted  by  T.  Kerstoke,  Bookseller,  Park  Street,  Bristol. 


PONCH.    Vol.  XXTV.,  numbers  or  bound. 

Wanted  by  Jno.  Weston,  l97.  Bradford  Street,  Birmingham. 


$attcci»  ta 

W.  W.  (.Malta).    Received  and  duly  forwarded. 

M.  will  find  something  on  the  Etymology  of  Pill  Garliek  in  "  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  iii.  pp.  42.  74.  159. 

H.  H.  (Glasgow).  We  are  perfectly  aware  that  the  effects  he  describes 
do  take  place,  and  they  will  of  course  be  avoided  by  avoiding  the  cause. 

A  BEGINNER  (Ludlow).  We  must  refer  to  our  Advertising  Columns 
for  information  as  to  the  cost  of  Apparatus,  Manuals,  fyc.  At  the  same 
time  we  feel  bound  to  caution  you  against  the  numerous  advertisements 
which  appear  in  the  daily  papers  offering  Photographic  Apparatus  at  a 
price  below  that  at  which  really  good  articles  can  be  supplied. 

MENISCUS.    Certainly  ;  but  we  should  prefer  one  that  is  achromatic. 

DKCORAMENTA  is  thanked  for  the  Tears  of  the  Cruet.  This  corre- 
spondent is  of  opinion  that  the  lines  were  published  in  the  St.  James's 
Chronicle  in  1805. 

SIR  HUGH  MYDDLETON.  We  cannot  do  better  than  insert  here  the  fol- 
lowing liberal  communication : — 

If  "A  CONSTANT  READER"  will  be  pleased  to  come  out  from  his  incog- 
nito, and  favour  me  with  a  direct  communication  stating  the  object  of 
his  inquiry,  &c..  I  may  be  able,  as  a  lineal  descendant  of  Sir  Hugh,  and 
from  pedigrees  in  my  possession,  to  assist  him  in  his  inquiries,  and  I 
shall  be  happy  to  do  so,  if  I  find  circumstances  will  permit. 

H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 
Rectory,  Clyst  St.  George, 
Topsham,  August  11, 1851. 

WASHINGTON'S  BIRTH  PLACE.  There  is  an  'important  misprint  in  this 
Query— ante  p.  85.  The  name  of  Washington's  mother  was  BALL,  not 
BALE.  Perhaps  some  of  our  readers  resident  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Cookham  would  look  to  the  parish  registers  about  February  1732,  and  see 
whether  the  tradition  of  his  having  been  born  at  Cookham  can  be  con- 
firmed. 

E.  H.  A.  Biograpliiml  notices  of  Dr.  Daniel  Williams  u'ill  be  found  in 
the  Dictionaries  ofAikin,  Chalmers,  Rose,  Gorton, ^c.  There  is  also  a 
Memorial  of  his  Life  and  Will.  8vo.  1718.  A  nd  an  account  of  his  life 
is  prefixed  to  his  Practical  Discourses.  Svo.  1738. 

ERRATA — In  the  article  on  Church-building  and  Restoration  (Vol.  X., 
p.  141,),  No.  7.,/or"Handleby"read"Hundleby  ;"No.  23.,/or  "Sans- 
thorpe,"  read  "  Sausthorpe." 

"NOTES  AND  QUERIES"  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that  tJie 
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AUG.  26.  1854.1 


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-  1  14    4  I 

-  1  18    s 

-  2    4    5  I 


Age 
32- 
37- 
42- 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  in  8 

-2MB 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  8CRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  I0.«.  6d.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
*c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR 8CRATCHI.EY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


MUTUAL  LIFE  ASSURANCE. 

rpHE  SCOTTISH  PROVIDENT 

JL  INSTITUTION  combines  the  advantage 
of  Participation  in  the  whole  Profits  with  mo- 
derate Premiums. 

The  premium  s  are  as  low  as  those  of  the  non- 
participating  scale  of  the  proprietary  compa- 
nies. They  admit  of  being  so  not  only  with 
safety,  but  with  ample  reversion  of  profits  to 
the  policy-holders,  being  free  from  the  burden 
Of  payment  of  dividend  to  shareholders. 

At  the  first  division  of  surplus  in  the  present 
year,  bonus  additions  WITU  made  to  policies 
which  had  come  within  the  participating  class, 
varying  from  20  to  54  percent,  cm  their  Amount. 

In  all  points  of  practice  —  as  in  the  provision 
for  the  indefeasibility  of  policies,  facility  of  li- 
cence for  travelling  or  residence  abroad,  and  of 
obtaining  advances  on  the  value  of  the  policies 
—  the  regulations  of  the  Society,  as  well  as  the 
administration,  are  as  liberal  as  is  consistent 
with  right  principle. 

Policies  are  now  issued  free  of  stamp  duty. 

Copies  of  the  last  annual  report,  containing 
full  explanations  of  the  principles,  may  be  had 
on  application  to  the  Head  Office  in   Edin- 
burgh :  of  the  Society's  Provincial  Agents  ;  or 
of  the  Resident  Secretary,  Ixradon  Branch. 
JAMES  WATSON.  Manager. 
GEORGE  GRANT,  Resident  Secretary. 

London  Branch,  66.  Graceclnirch  Street. 

Residents  in  any  part  of  the  Country  can 
readily  assure  in  this  Society,  without  fines  for 
non-appearance,  or  any  extra  charge  what- 
ever. 


riOCOA-NUT    FIBRE    MAT- 

V>  TING  and  MATS,  of  the  best  quality. 
—  The  Jury  of  Class  2S.  Great  Exhibition, 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal  to  T.  TRELOAH, 
Coeoa-Nut  Fibre  Manufacturer,  42.  Ludgate 
Hill,  London. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Faintly. 


TWO   THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following  : 

THE  HAIR  RESTORED  AND  GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETTIAM'S  CAPILLARY  FLUID  is 
acknowledged  to  he  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  'efficacy. 
Bottles,  2«.  6rf. :  double  size,  4s.  dd.  ;  7s.  6d. 
equal  to  4  small:  11s.  to  6  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETTIAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
rloes  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  hy 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETFTAM'S  PLASTFR  is  the  only  effec- 
tual 'emover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joint-  in  an  nsto- 
nishing  manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  unwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is. ;  Boxes,  2s.  dd.  Sent 
Free  hy  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING.  30.  Westmorland  Ptree* ; 
JACKSON.  9  Wc-tland  Row:  BEWLEY 
it  EVANS,  Dublin  i  GOIT.DING.  ins. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork:  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street.  Kinsale  :  GRATTAN.  Belfast  ; 
MTTRDOfK. BROTHERS.  Glasgow  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART.  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street :  PROUT.  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE.  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY.  03.  Oxford  Street:  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


A 


LLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

_  CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  nnd  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Desnateh- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Trnvellintr-hag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag.  ami  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18  K  22.  West  Strand. 


BENNETT'S       MODEL 

!  I  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
nil  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY. M.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  s,  (5,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  S  guineas.  IMito,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  f>  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  l!l 
guineas,  licnnett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold 
50  <ruinens  ;  Silver.  40  guineas.  Kvery  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed, and  its  performance 
guarar.tet'tl.  Baroineters,  22. ,32.,  and  li.  Ther- 
mometers from  It.  each. 

BENNETT.  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrumen 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  o 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


\  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

J\  ALE.  -  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 

re  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 

8  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 

3urton-on-Trent  j    and    at   the   under-meu- 

ioned  Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street, Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  ft  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  thvir  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in'DRAUGHT  nnd  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


PIANOFORTES,   25   Guineas 

I  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.n.  17S.V),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Hoyal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  O'AL- 
M  YIXE  K  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegancd  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  lor 
the  library,  boudoir.ordrawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  .1.  Blew- 
itt.J.  Brizzi.  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwillium,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  II.  F.  Hassa, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  II.  Holmes, 
W. Kuhe.  ti. F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G. Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  I.etller.  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery.  8.  Nelson.  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,n.  Panofka.  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer.  G.  H.  Kodwell, 
E.  Rocket.  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, II.  Westrop.T.  H.  WriffluV*  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


pHUBB'S      FIRE-PROOF 

V  J  SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  -  These  safes  are 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire. 
Chuhb's  locks,  with  all  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com- 
plete lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Ilorscley  Fields, 
AVolverhampton. 


DR.  DE  JONGH'S  LIGHT 
BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL.  The  most 
effectual  remedy  for  CONSUMPTION, 
BRONCHITIS,  ASTHMA,  GOUT,  RHEU- 
MATISM, and  all  SCROFULOUS  COM- 
PLAINTS. Pure  and  unadulterated,  con- 
taining all  its  most  active  and  essential 
principles— effecting  a  cure  much  more  rapidly 
than  any  other  kind.  Prescribed  by  the  most 
eminent  Medical  Men,  nnd  supplied  to  the 
leading  Hospitals  of  Europe.  Half-pint 
bottles.  2*.  6d.t  pints,  in.  9d.,  IMPERIAL 
MEASURE.  Wholesale  and  Retail  Depot, 

ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77.  Strand. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  252. 


BOOKS    rOR     THE     SEA- 
SIDE. 


POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

BRITISH  ZOOPHITKS.  By  the  REV.  DR. 
LANDSBOROUGH.  With  Twenty  Plates 
by  FITCH.  Royal  16mo.  10s.  6d.  coloured. 

"  With  this  manual  of  Zoophytes,  and  that 
upon  Seaweeds  by  the  same  author,  the  student 
can  ramble  along  the  sea-shores,  and  glean 
knowledge  from  every  heap  of  tangled  weed 
that  lies  in  his  pathway."— Liverpool  Standard, 

"  Parents  who  sojourn  for  a  few  months  at 
the  sea-side  will  find  him  a  safe  and  profitable 
companion  for  their  children.  He  will  tell 
them  not  only  to  see,  but  to  think,  in  the  best 
acceptation  of  the  term  ;  and  he  is  moreover  a 
cheerful,  and  at  times  a  merry  teller  of  inci- 
dents belonging  to  his  subject."  —  Belfast 
Mercury. 

POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

MOLLUSC  A  ;  or.  SHELLS  AND  THEIR 
ANIMAL  INHABITANTS.  By  MARY 
ROBERTS.  With  Eighteen  Plates  by  WING. 
Royal  16mo.  10s.  Gd.  coloured. 

"A  handsome  book,  containing  an  interest- 
ing account  of  the  formation  of  shells,  and  a 
popular  history  of  the  most  remarkable  shell- 
fish or  land  shell-animals.  It  will  prove  a  nice 
book  for  the  season,  or  for  any  time."  —  Spec- 
tator. 

"  The  plates  contain  no  fewer  than  ninety 
figures  of  (hells,  with  their  animal  inhabitants, 
all  of  them  well,  and  several  admirably,  exe- 
cuted, and  that  the  text  is  written  throughout 
in  a  readable  and  even  el'-gant  style,  with  such 
digressions  in  poetry  and  prose  as  serve  to  re- 
lieve its  scientific  details,  we  think  that  we 
have  said  enough  to  justify  the  favourable 
opinion  we  have  expressed."  —  British  and 
foreign  Mcdico-Chirurgical  Review. 

POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

BRITISH  SEAWEEDS,  comprising  all  the 
MARINE  PLANTS.  By  the  REV.  DAVID 
LANOSBOROUGH.  Second  Edition.  Witli 
Twenty-two  Plates  by  FITCH.  Royal  16mo. 
10s.  Gd.  coloured.  • 

"  The  book  is  as  well  executed  as  it  is  well 
timed.  The  descriptions  are  scientific  as  well 
as  popular,  and  the  plates  are  clear  and  ex- 
plicit. It  is  a  worthy  sea-side  companion  —  a 
handbook  for  every  resident  on  the  sea- 
chore."  —  Economist. 

"  Profusely  illustrated  with  specimens  of  the 
various  sea-weeds,  beautifully  drawn  and  ex- 
quisitely coloured."  —  Sun. 

PHYCOLOGIA         BRITAN- 

NICA  ;  or,  HISTORY  OF  THE  BRITISH 
SEAWEEDS  i  containing  Coloured  Figures 
and  descriptions  of  all  the  species  of  Alga;  in- 
habiting the  shores  of  the  British  Islands. 
By  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARVEY,  M.  D., 
M.R.I.  A.,  Keeper  of  the  Herbarium  of  the 
University  of  Dublin,  and  Professor  of  Botany 
to  the  Dublin  Society.  The  price  of  the  work, 
complete,  strongly  bound  in  cloth,  is  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

£    s.    d. 
In  three  vols.  royal  8vo.,  arranged 

in  the  order  of  publication  -    7    12    6 

In  four  vqls.  royal  8vo.,  arranged 
systematically  according  to  the 
Synopsis  -  -  -  -  7  17  6 

***  A  few  Copies  have  been  printed  on  large 
paper. 

"  The  '  History  of  British  Seaweeds  '  we  can 
most  faithfully  recommend  for  its  scientific,  its 
pictorial,  and  its  popular  value  ;  the  professed 
botanist  will  find  it  a  work  of  the  highest  cha- 
racter, whilst  those  who  desire  merely  to  know 
the  names  and  history  of  the  lovely  plants 
which  they  gather  011  the  sea-shore,  will  find 
in  it  the  faithful  portraiture  of  every  one  of 
them."—  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural 
History. 

LOVELL  REEVE,  5.  Henrietta  Street, 
Covent  Garden. 


REEVE'S 
2VTEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Third  and  cheaper  edition,  at  3s.  6cf. 

TALPA  ;  or,  THE  CHRONI- 
CLES OF  A  CLAY  FARM.  By  CHANDOS 
WREN  IIOSKYNS,  ESQ. 

***  Of  the  Oriuinal  Edition  at  8s.,  illustrated 
by  GEORGE  CRUIKSHANK,  only  a  few 
Copies  remain. 

INSECTA       BRITANNICA. 

Vol.  III.  LEPIOOPTERA  TINEINA.  By 
H.  T.  STAINTON.  With  Plates,  8vo.,  cloth. 
25s. 

TRAVELS  ON  THE  AMA- 
ZON AND  RIO  NEGRO.  By  ALFRED  R. 
WALLACE,  ESQ.  With  Remarks  on  the 
Vocabularies  of  Amazonian  Languages.  By 
R.  G.  LATHAM,  M.  D..  F.  R.  S.  8vo.,  cloth, 
with  Plates  and  Maps.  18s. 

WESTERN  HIMALAYA 

AND  TIBET  :  the  Narrative  of  a  Journey 
through  the  Mountains  of  Northern  India, 
durine  th»  years  1847-8.  By  THOMAS  THOM- 
SON, M.  D.  8vo.,  cloth,  with  Tinted  Litho- 
graphs, and  a  New  Map  by  Arrowsmith.  15s. 

CIRCUMNAVIGATION    OF 

THE  GLOBE,  being  the  Narrative  of  the 
Voyage  of  H. M.S.  Herald,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Captain  Henry  Kellett,  R.  N.  C.  B., 
during  the  years  1845-51.  By  BERTHOLD 
SEEMANN,  F.L.S.,  Naturalist  of  the  Expe- 
dition. Svo..  cloth,  with  Tinted  Lithographs, 
and  a  New  Map  by  Petermann.  21s. 

LOVELL  REEVE,  5.  Henrietta  Street, 
Covent  Garden. 


BOTANY. 

THE  ESCULENT  FUNGUSES 
OF  ENGLAND  ;  a  Treatise  on  their  His- 
tory, Uses,  Structure,  Nutritious  Properties, 
Mode  of  Cooking,  Preserving,  &c.  By  the 
REV.  DR.  BADHAM.  Super-royal  Svo. 
Plates.  2ls.  coloured. 

PARKS     AND     PLEASURE 

GROUNDS  ;  or.  Practical  Notes  on  Country 
Residences.  Villas,  Public  Parks,  and  Gar- 
dens. By  CHARLES  H.  J.  SMITH,  Laud- 
scape  Gardener.  Crown  Svo.  cloth.  6s. 

VOICES  FROM  THE  WOOD- 

LANDS  ;  or,  History  of  Forest  Trees,  Lichens, 
and  Mosses.  By  MARY  ROBERTS.  Twenty 
Plates.  Royal  16mo.  10s.  Gd.  coloured. 

POPULAR     ECONOMIC 

BOTANY,  illustrated  from  the  Liverpool 
Collection  of  the  Great  Exhibition  and  New 
Crystal  Palace.  By  THOMAS  C.  ARCHER, 
ESQ.  Twenty  Plates.  10s.  6d.  coloured. 

ICONES  PLANT  ARUM;   or, 

Figures  with  brief  Descriptive  Characters  and 
Remarks,  of  New  or  Rare  Plants,  selected 
from  the  Author's  Herbarium.  By  SIR  W. 
J.  HOOKER.  F.R.S.  New  Series.  -Vol.  V. 
Svo.  1 1.  1  Is.  6cl.  plain. 

THE  CULTURE  OF  THE 

VINE,  as  well  under  Glass  as  in  the  Open 
Air.  By  J.  SANDERS.  With  Plates.  Svo. 
5s.  plain. 

THE   RHODODENDRONS 

OF  SIKKIM-IIIMALAYA.  Thirty  Plates, 
with  Descriptions.  By  DR.  J.  D.  HOOKER, 
F.R.S.  Folio.  37.  IGs.  coloured. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF    BRI- 

TTSII  MYCOLOGY.  By  MRS.  HUSSEY. 
Ninety  handsome  Drawings.  Royal  4to. 
11.  12s.  Gd.  coloured. 

LOVELL  REEVE,  5.  Henrietta  Street, 
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BOHN'S  STANDARD  LIBRARY  FOR  SEPTEMBER. 

riOWPER'S     COMPLETE 

V    WORKS,  edited  by  SOUTHEY  :  com- 


ng his  Poems,  Correspondence,  and  Trans- 
lations ;  with  Mtmoir.  Illustrated  with  Fifty 
fine  Engravings  on  Steel,  after  designs  by 
Harvey.  To  be  completed  in  Eight  Volumes. 
Vol.  V.,  containing  Poetical  Works.  Post  Svo. 
cloth.  3s.  Gd. 

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Covent  Garden. 


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PRIOR'S    LIFE    OF    BURKE 

(forming  the  first  volume  of  BURKE'S 
WORKS),  new  edition,  revised  by  the  Author, 
with  fine  Portrait.    Post  Svo.  cloth.    3s.  6d. 
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VENOPHON'S       ANABASIS, 

.A.  or  EXPEDITION  OF  CYRUS,  and 
MEMORABILIA,  or  MEMOIRS  of  SOCRA- 
TES ;  translated,  with  Notes,  by  the  REV.  J. 
S.  WATSON,  M.  A.,  and  a  Geographical  Com- 
mentary by  W.  F.  AINSWORTU,  F.S.A., 
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T  AMB'S     SPECIMENS      OF 

JU  ENGLISH  DRAMATIC  POETS  of 
the  Time  of  Elizabeth  ;  including  his  Selec- 
tions from  the  Garrick  Plays.  Post  Svo.,  cloth. 
5s. 

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BOHN'S  ECCLESIASTICAL  LIBRARY  FOR  SEP- 

THE     WORKS     OF     PHILO 
JUDyEUS,  translated  from  the  Greek  by 
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CONTENTS. 

Norms :  —  Page 

The  English,  Irish,  and  Scotch  Knights 

of  the  order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem      177 
Notes  on  Manners,  Co6tume,etc.  -    178 

Words  and  Phrases  common  at  Polperro 

in  Cornwall,  but  not  usual  elsewhere      178 
The  Highlands  of  Scotland  and  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago,  by  J.  Macray          -    180 

FOLK  LORE  :_  Curious  Custom  at  Wells, 
Somerset  —  Northern  Counties  Folk 
Lore  :  Cattle  watering  :  Lambing 
Season  —  Marriage  Custom  _  Moon 
Superstitions  _  Wedding  Custom  at 
Cranbrook  —  Pemberton  and  Newton  180 

MINOR  NOTES:— Cross  and  Pile — Le 
Neve's  Fasti  —  Story's  "  History  of  the 
Wars'in  Ireland  "  -  "  Tabard,"  "  Tal- 
bot "  — Irish  Newspapers  —  Lord  Jo- 
celyn  -  -  -  -  -  181 

QUERIES  :  — 

Boston  :  Burdelyers :  Wilkyns  :  Fcm- 
ble  :  Rayments  :  Tiplers,  etc.,  by 
Pishey  Thompson  ...  18J 

Which  is  the  oldest  Charitable  Institu- 
tion in  England,  by  Henry  Edwards  183 

Anglo-Saxon  Typography,  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Giles 183 

MINOR  QUERIES: —  Old  Lady  Blonnt  of 
Twickenham—Philip  Ayres-L'Ame- 
rique  Delivn'e  —Chester  Inquisition — 
Was  the  Host  ever  buried  in  a  Pyx  ?  — 
Gules,  a  Lion  rampant  or — A  Passage 
in  De  Quincey's  Writings  _  Roche, 
Lord  Fernoy  —  Hedding  Family  _ 
The  Public  never  blushes  —  Dr .  Llew- 
ellyn _  King  in  the  Field  of  Battle  — 
"  Baratariana  "  and  "  Prancermna  " 
—  Lords  Clarendon  and  Hyde,  and  the 
Academy  for  Riding  in  Oxford  —  Cap- 
tain Kichard  Sjmonds  — "In  signo 
Thau"  — Luke,  ii.  14.  -  -  -  184 

MINOH  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Berington's  Memoirs  of  Giegorio 
Panzani  -  St.  Wallmrge  _  "  Tel- 
li»med  "  —  Prester  John  —  Words  in 
Michael  Scot  —  Sculptor  at  Charing 
Cross  —  Ecclesiastical  Maps  —  Cousin 
German  —  "  Pig  in  a  poke  "  —  "  Le 
Messager  des  Sciences  Historiques  "  186 

REPLIES  :  — 

Dog-whippers,  by  Joseph  Rix,&c.        -  188 

Italian-English,  by  William  Bates       -  188 

Raphael's  Cartoons           ...  189 

Paring  the  nails,  etc.        -           -          -  IDO 
Mathematical  Bibliography,  by  James 

Cockle,  M.A..F.R.S.A.            -          -  190 

Russian  Language,  by  T.  J .  Buckton  192 

PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE  i — 
Hints  upon  Iodizing  Paper       -          -    192 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  — Prophe- 
cie*  respecting  Constantinople— Regis- 
tration Act  —  The  Domum  Tree  at 
Winchester  — Prince  Charles's  House 
in  Derby  —  Churches  erected  _  Irish 
Characters  on  the  Stage  —  Willi , in 
III.  and  Cooper  —  Sepulchral  Monu- 
ments— "The  Dunciad  ;  "  &c.  -  -  192 

MISCELLANEOUS  :— 
Notes  on  Books,  &c. 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.    X — No.  253. 


Multte  terricolis  linguae,  ccelestibus  una. 

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NEW  MUSIC.— ME.  W.  VIN- 

CENT  WALLACE,  the  eminent  and  popular 
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this  country  from  New  York.  He  returns 
teeming  with  freshness,  overflowing  with 
genius,  as  when  he  left  our  shores.  In  the 
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Amateurs,  Institutions,  &c.  —  A  CATA- 
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works  was  never  before  put  forth  by  any  house 
in  Europe." 

London  :  ROBERT  COCKS  &  CO.,  New  Bur- 
lington Street,  Music  Publishers  (by  special 
warrant)  to  the  Queen. 


MR.  T.  L.  MERRITT'S  IM- 
PROVED CAMERA,  for  the  CALO- 
TYPE  and  COLLODION  PROCESSES!  by 
which  from  Twelve  to  Twenty  Views,  &c.,  may 
be  taken  in  Succession,  and  then  dropped  into 
a  Receptacle  provided  for  them,  without  pos- 
sibility of  injury  from  light. 

As  neither  Tent,  Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  as  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
ating in  a  Room. 

Maidstone,  Aus.  21. 1854. 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


177 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  2.  1854. 


tfatrs. 

THE  ENGLISH,  IRISH,  AND  SCOTCH  KNIGHTS    OF  THE 
ORDER    OF    ST.  JOHN    OF    JERUSALEM. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  viii.,  p.  193.) 

By  the  kind  assistance  of  a  literary  friend  at 
this  island,  J.  J.  W.,  known  to  your  readers  as 
JOHN  o'  THE  FORD,  and  gleanings  from  the  Record 
Office,  I  have  been  enabled  to  write  the  following 
notices  of  some  Knights  of  St.  John  who  were 
mentioned  in  my  previous  list.  If  your  corre- 
spondents could  favour  me  with  any  information 
respecting  the  members  of  the  Order,  whom  I 
named  in  "N.  &  Q,"  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  189.  193.,  I 
should  feel  much  obliged. 

Babington,  John,  Commander  of  Dalby  and 
Rothely,  Bailiff  of  Aquila,  and  Grand  Prior  of 
England.  He  was  the  second  son  of  Thomas  Ba- 
bington of  Det.hic,  in  the  co.  of  Derby,  and  of 
Editha,  daughter  of  Ralph  Fitz-Herbert,  of  Nor- 
bury,  in  the  same  county.  He  died  about  1535. 

Babington,  Philip,  third  son  of  John  Babington, 
of  Ottery,  St.  Mary's,  in  the  co.  of  Devon,  by 

Elizabeth  his  wife,  daughter  of Holcoinbe  of 

Branscombe,  in  the  same  county.  About  1460 
another  knight  of  the  family  of  Babington  was  at 
the  head  of  the  English  language.  In  a  letter 
written  by  an  English  brother,  dated  "  Temple  of 
Sion  in  England,"  he  is  called  "  Master  Thomas 
Babington,  Master  and  Sovereign  of  our  Order." 
Vide  Paston's  Letters,  vol.  iii.  p.  418. 

Bellingham,  Edward,  second  son  of  Edward 
Bellingham,  of  Erringham,  co.  of  Sussex,  and  of 
Jane  his  wife,  daughter  of  John  Shelley  of  Mi- 
chaelgrove,  in  the  same  county,  was  one  of  the 
three  commanders  appointed  to  inquire  into  the 
conduct  of  the  Turcopolier,  Clement  West  (the 
other  two  being  Aurelis  Bottigella,  of  the  Italian 
language,  and  Baptiste  Villaragut,  of  the  lan- 
guage of  Arragon),  he  being  at  the  time  locum 
tenens  of  the  dignity  of  Turcopolier,  a  rank  in  the 
Order  which  he  afterwards  obtained.  In  1547  he 
was  appointed  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland,  where 
"  he  proceeded  against  the  Irishry,  in  a  martial 
course,  by  beating  and  breaking  the  Moores  and 
Connors,  two  rebellious  septs."  He  also  surprised 
and  made  prisoner  the  Earl  of  Desmond.  He 
was  recalled  after  two  years  to  answer  some 
charges  preferred  against  him  by  his  enemies  at 
court,  "  but  he  cleared  himself  as  fast  as  his  ad- 
versaries charged  him,  recovering  the  king's  fa- 
vour in  so  high  a  degree,  that  he  had  been  sent 
back  deputy  again,  save  that  he  excused  himself 
by  indisposition  of  boily,  and  died  not  long  after." 
Vide  Harl.  and  Colt.  MSS.;  Sir  John  Davis's 
Discourse  of  Ireland,  p.  69. ;  Holingshed,  and 
Fuller,  vol.  iii.  pp.  306,  307. 


Broke,  Richard,  was  second  son  of  Thomas 
Broke,  of  Leighton,  in  the  co.  of  Cheshire.  Re- 
turning to  England  he  purchased  the  Abbey  and 
Manor  of  Norton,  in  Cheshire,  from  the  king  in 
1545,  and  served  as  sheriff  for  that  county, 
A.D.  1563.  Retiring  from  the  Order  of  St.  John, 
he  married  a  daughter  of  John  Carew,  of  Hac- 
combe,  in  Devonshire,  and  founded  the  extant 
family  of  Broke  of  Norton,  created  baronets 
Deo.  12th,  A.D.  1662.  Sir  Richard  died  in  1569. 
Vide  Playfair,  Baronet.,  Fuller,  and  Kimber, 
Baronet.,  vol.  ii.  p.  277. 

Buck,  John,  said  to  be  of  the  family  of  Haneby 
Grange,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln,  was  Turcopo- 
lier at  the  famous  siege  of  Rhodes,  A.  D.  1522. 
Serving  as  one  of  the  commanders  of  quarters,  he 
was  slain  at  the  third  and  most  desperate  attack 
on  the  bastion  of  England.  Vide  Vertot's  and 
Bosio's  Histories  of  the  Order. 

Cave,  Ambrose,  was  the  fourth  son  of  Richard 
Cave,  of  Stamford,  co.  of  Northampton,  by  his 
wife  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  Saxby  in  the 
same  county.  He  served  as  sheriff  and  M.P.  for 
Warwickshire,  Chancellor  of  the  Ducliy  of  Lan- 
caster, and  one  of  the  Queen's  privy  council.  Sir 
Ambrose  was  buried  in  Stamford  Church.  Vide 
Kimber's  Baronet.,  vol.  i.  p.  358. 

Diugley,  Thomas,  son  of  John  Dingley,  Esq., 
and  Mabel,  daughter  of  Edmund  VVeston,  of 
Boston,  co.  Lincoln,  sister  of  Sir  William  VVeston, 
Grand  Prior  of  England.  There  was  a  complaint 
made  against  Thomas  Dingley  for  improperly 
holding  the  commandery  of  Schingey.  An  original 
letter  from  the  Grand  Prior  Weston  to  his  ne- 
phew Sir  Thomas  Dingley  now  exists  in  the  Cott. 
MSS.,  Otho,  c.  ix.,  fol.  96.  Vide  also  Harl.  MSS., 
1561. 

Docra,  Thomas,  or  Docura,  second  son  of  Ri- 
chard Docra,  of  Bradsville,  in  the  county  of  York, 
and  his  wile  Alice,  daughter  of  Thomas  Greene, 
of  Gressingham,  in  the  same  co.,  was  Grand  Prior 
of  England,  A.D.  1504.  He  was  much  distinguished 
as  a  diplomatist,  having  represented  the  Order  at 
most  of  the  Courts  of  Europe.  It  is  said  that 
L'lsle  Adam  gained  his  election  to  the  Grand 
Mastership  by  a  majority  of  only  three  votes  over 
Sir  Thomas  Docra,  his  near  relative.  Vide  Harl. 
MSS.,  1386,  1504;  Vertot,  and  Sutherland's 
Knights  of  Malta,  vol.  ii.  p.  40. 

Docra,  Lancelot,  second  son  of  Robert  Docra,  of 
Docra  Hall,  Westmoreland,  and  his  wife  Janetta, 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Lamplugh,  of  Lamplugh  in 
Cumberland,  was  a  Knight  of  St.  John  at  the 
same  period  as  the  preceding.  These  two  distin- 
guished kinsmen  were  buried  in  the  Priory  ("  in 
prioratu  Sancti  Johannis  Jerusalem. ").  Vide 
Harl.  MSS.,  1534.  W.  W. 

La  Yaletta,  Malta. 

(To  be  continued.) 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


NOTES   ON   MANNERS,    COSTUME,   ETC. 

(Continued  from  p.  82.) 

Dishes.  —  Part  of  the  payment  of  the  king's 
servants  used  to  consist  of  a  certain  number  of 
dishes  of  meat.  The  lord  president  of  the  council 
was  formerly  allowed  ten  dishes  of  meat  per  diern ; 
these  ten  dishes  were  eventually  compounded  for 
at  1000/.  per  annum,  while  his  salary  was  only  500Z. 
The  lord  steward  had,  I  think,  sixteen  dishes.  At 
the  installations  of  knights  of  the  garter,  the 
knights  were  liberally  provided.  "On  St.  George's 
Day,  1667,  each  knight,"  says  Evelyn,  "  had  forty 
dishes  to  his  mess,  piled  up  five  or  six  high." 
N.B.  —  This  festival  seems  to  have  been  kept  in 
the  banquetting-house. 

Pantaloons,  a  kind  of  tight  trowsers  fitting 
the  knee  and  leg,  came  into  fashion  about  1790, 
and  were  so  called  :  the  name,  however,  existed 
long  before,  but  meant  loose  trowsers,  such, 
perhaps,  as  were  worn  by  the  "  lean  and  slippered 
pantaloon "  of  Shakspeare,  and  probably  by  the 
pantaloons  of  the  stage.  "The  pantaloon,"  says 
Evelyn  (Tyrannus,  or  the  Mode),  "are  too  exor- 
bitant, and  of  neither  sex."  They  were  "  set  in 
plaits,"  not,  it  seems,  unlike  the  fashion  of  Cos- 
sack trowsers,  which  came  into  fashion  in  Europe 
after  the  French  campaigns  to  Russia,  and  still 
more  after  the  Russian  campaigns  into  France. 

Mourning.  —  Mr.  Bray  (in  his  note  on  a  pas- 
sage in  Evelyn's  Memoirs,  vol.  ii.  p.  80.),  stating 
that  he  had  received  gratis  a  complete  mourning 
to  attend  Mr.  Pepys's  funeral)  observes  that  "  this 
is  a  curious  circumstance."  Mr.  Bray  seems 
strangely  misinformed  on  this  point ;  mourning  is 
always  given  gratis.  The  custom  is  lost  amongst 
the  higher  orders,  except  in  scarves,  gloves,  and 
bat-bands,  which  are  still  given  ;  but  our  servants 
still  understand  that  mourning  is  to  be  a  gratui- 
tous gift,  and  female  servants,  who  are  seldom 
allowed  clothes  at  their  master's  cost,  always  have 
their  mourning.  The  clergy  have  always,  I  be- 
lieve, received  and  used  for  private  purposes  the 
mourning  decorations  of  churches. 

The  kings  of  France  mourn  in  violet;  our 
kings,  as  kings  of  France,  used  to  do  the  same. 
Dangeau  tells  us  that  on  some  public  occasion  at 
the  court  of  France,  after  his  exile,  James  II. 
wore  violet.  "  It  surprised  us,"  says  Dangeau,  "  to 
see  two  kings  of  France."  The  anecdote  is  cre- 
ditable to  both  the  monarchs. 

Wig.  —  At  Paris  the  Prince  (Charles  I.  on  his 
expedition  to  Spain)  spent  one  day  to  view  the 
city  and  court,  shadowing  himself  the  most  he 
could  under  a  bushy  peruque,  which  none  in 
former  days  but  bald  people  used,  but  now  gene- 
rally intruded  into  a  fashion  ;  and  the  Prince's 
was  so  big  that  it  was  hair  enough  for  his  whole 
face.  (Arthur  Wilson,  Hist.  Eng.,  1653,  p.  226.) 


WORDS     AND   PHRASES     COMMON    AT    POLFERRO   IN 
CORNWALL,    EOT    NOT    USUAL    ELSEWHERE. 

My  late  friend  Thomas  Bond,  Esq.,  in  his  His- 
tory of  Looe,  says : 

"  I  have  been  informed  that,  about  a  century  ago,  the 
people  of  Polperro  had  such  a  dialect  among  them,  that 
even  the  inhabitants  of  Looe  could  scarce  understand 
what  they  said.  Of  late  years,  however,  from  associating 
more  with  strangers  they  have  nothing  particularly 
striking  in  their  mode  of  speech,  except  a  few  of  the  old 
people." 

To  collect  and  fix,  before  it  was  too  late,  those 
dying  modes  of  expression,  several  years  since  I 
adopted  the  practice  of  making  a  note  of  words 
and  phrases  which  appeared  to  be  unusual,  or  to 
bear  a  different  meaning  from  that  which  would 
be  understood  by  them  in  other  places ;  in  doing 
which  I  was  impressed  with  the  light  which  was 
thus  thrown  on  many  passages  in  ancient  writers, 
and  also  with  the  fact  that  many  words  in  local 
common  use  were  expressive  of  a  meaning  which 
could  only  be  conveyed  in  modern  discourse  by  a 
considerable  circumlocution.  I  am  sorry,  that 
among  these  antiquated  words,  I  am  not  able  to 
distinguish  such  of  them  as  have  their  origin  in 
the  ancient  Cornu-British  language,  from  those 
which  are  of  Saxon  derivation ;  but  I  feel  certain 
that  some  of  them  belong  to  the  former,  although 
they  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  vocabularies  of 
Borlase  or  Pryce.  I  have  arranged  the  words  I 
have  collected  into  alphabetical  order ;  and  if  the 
sample  of  them  I  now  send  is  thought  worthy  a 
place  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  the  remainder  shall  be  for- 
warded in  due  order. 

Abide ;  cannot  abide  a  thing,  is,  not  able  to 
suffer,  or  put  up  with  it. 

Addle.  Attle  is  a  term  used  in  mining,  and 
signifies  the  rejected  and  useless  rubbish.  Hence 
an  addled  egg  is  an  egg  unfit  for  use. 

Aft,  now  only  used  as  a  sea-term ;  but  an- 
ciently with  degrees  of  comparison,  as  "after, 
aftest." 

Agate,  open-mouthed  attention ;  hearkening 
with  eagerness.  "  He  was  all  agate"  eager  to  hear 
what  was  said. 

Aldre,  a  short  time  ago  :  in  common  use.? 

Avon.  I  remember  to  have  often  heard  this 
Shakspearian  expression  from  some  old  persons, 
when  they  wished  to  have  a  repetition  of  what  had 
been  said :  but  no  one  now  uses  it. 

Anist,  nigh,  nt  all  nigh ;  as,  "  I  did  not  go  anist 
him  ; "  that  is,  I  kept  at  a  good  distance  :  a  phrase 
in  common  use. 

Arymovse,  the  common  name  for  a  bat,  vesper- 
tilio :  signifying  a  mouse  that  flies  in  the  air. 

Ascrode,  astride ;  to  ride  a  horse  with  legs  across 
it  as  a  man  does. 

Ax,  for  ask. 

Balch,  stout  cord,  used  for  the  head  lines  of 
fishing  nets ;  well  twisted,  but  not  so  stout  as  rope. 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


179 


Ball,  to  beat  a  person  with  a  stout  stick  or  the 
hand. 

Banging,  great,  very  large.  Hence  the  word 
tang,  a  verb,  "  to  strike  a  great  blow,"  "  to  make 
a  great  sensation." 

Beastly,  simply  used  for  dirty  or  soiled. 

Bettermost,  much  the  best. 

Sever,  a  sudden  shivering ;  trembling  from 
chill. 

Blinch,  used  as  a  verb ;  to  catch  a  sight  of  a 
thing  or  person. 

Bobble^  a  pebble. 

Bord,  vulgar  pronunciation  of  bird. 

Borm  and  Borham,  the  common  word  for  yeast. 

Butter,  butter. 

Boustis,  stout  and  unwieldy ;  applied  to  a  per- 
son or  thing  so  stoutly  wrapped  up,  or  so  fat  and 
unwieldy,  as  not  to  be  able  easily  to  move. 

Braggaty,  mottled,  like  an  adder,  with  a  tend- 
ency to  brown.  It  is  usually  applied  to  such  a 
mottled  colour  in  the  skin. 

Bralh,  the  ancient  Cornish  name  of  the  mastiff 
dog.  Hence,  perhaps,  the  common  expression  "  a 
broth  of  a  boy  ; "  meaning,  "  a  stout  dog  of  a  boy," 
robust. 

Breck,  a  small  hole  broken,  usually  confined  to 
cloth  or  like  material ;  no  doubt,  the  origin  of  the 
word  break;  but  Fuller  uses  it  in  its  old  state, 
and  meaning  :  " Holy  State"  p. 41. 

Brew.  Burns  uses  this  word  for  broth,  liquid 
water.  Perhaps  broth,  as  being  boiled  is  the  root. 
Snaw  broo,  in  Scottish,  is  melted  snow. 

Brimstone.  Burns  uses  the  word  brimstone,  which 
is  equivalent  to  branstone  or  "  burnt  stone ; "  for 
brand,  is  to  burn.  Bran  means,  newly  come  from 
the  fire ;  and  bran-new  is  a  common  expression. 
But  brim  signifies,  "  to  flash  up,  to  blaze  : "  hence, 
"  to  brime  a  boat,"  a  common  expression,  is  to 
melt  the  pitch  on  it  by  applying  a  flame  of  fire  to 
it.  Briming  also  means  a  flash  of  light  in  the  sea, 
when  the  waves  give  light  from  luminous  animals 
in  them.  This  has  been  supposed  by  some  to  pro- 
ceed from  phosphoric  combustion ;  but  in  that 
case  it  would  occur  very  deep  below  the  surface, 
as  is  often  the  case. 

Browthy,  light  and  spongy  bread ;  the  opposite 
of  dusty,  or  clayey. 

Brunt,  the  burnt  part  of  a  thing ;  consequently, 
in  a  metaphorical  sense,  the  hottest  part  of  a  fray. 

Buck,  a  book. 

Buck,  that  peculiar  infection  which  in  summer 
sometimes  gets  into  a  dairy,  and  spoils  the  cream 
and  butter ;  a  sign  of  gross  negligence  and  want 
of  ckill,  and  not  easily  to  be  eradicated. 

Bumpkin,  a  common  term  for  a  clumsy,  uncouth 
man.  But  whence  the  word  ?  for  it  is  also  applied 
to  a  part  of  a  ship,  where  the  foretack  is  fastened 
down.  The  word  bump  means  a  protuberance,  a 
prominence :  to  bump  against  a  thing,  is  a  local 
term  for  striking  one's  self  clumsily  against  it.  A 


bumpkin,  therefore,  is  a  low,  unshapely,  clumsy, 
blunt,  not  moveable  or  active,  piece  of  wood. 

Caff,  refuse  fish  ;  but  for  the  most  part  applied 
to  refuse  pilchards  only,  when  they  are  so  bruised 
as  to  be  only  fit  for  manure. 

Cannis,  to  toss  about  from  place  to  place,  with- 
out care. 

Castes,  an  instrument  for  punishing  schoolboys 
with  a  blow  on  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Cawdle,  entanglement,  confusion.  A  line  or 
thread  so  entangled  as  not  to  be  separated,  is  said 
to  be  " all  in  a  cawdle."  Cawdle  is  also  a  mining 
term  for  a  thick  and  muddy  fluid. 

Chembly,  for  chimney. 

Chield,  for  child. 

Chitter,  thin,  folded  up.  It  is  applied  to  a  thin 
and  furrowed  face,  by  way  of  ridicule.  Such  a 
one  is  said  to  be  chitter- faced.  The  long  and  folded 
milts  or  testes  of  some  fishes  are  called  chitterlins ; 
as  were  the  frills  at  the  bosom  of  shirts,  when 
they  were  so  worn. 

Chuff,  sullen.  Burns  uses  the  word  chuffie  for 
fat-faced,  as  equivalent  to  chubby ;  but  with  us, 
it  is  expressive  of  the  look  of  a  sullen  and  discon- 
tented face.  Spenser,  in  his  Fairy  Queen,  Cant.  n. 
b.  6.,  says,  "After  long  search  and  chauf,"  that 
is,  discontent ;  and  it  seems  to  be  the  root  of  what 
is  now  pronounced  chafed,  or  made  angry.  And 
equivalent  to  this,  when  the  skin  of  the  body  is 
rubbed,  it  is  said  to  be  chafed,  or  made  to  feel 
sore.  With  us,  a  place  that  has  some  beginning 
of  local  inflammation,  and  looks  red,  is  said  to  be, 
to  look,  angry. 

Churer,  an  occasional  workwoman. 

Click-handed,  left-handed. 

Cloam,  common  earthenware. 

Clush,  to  lie  down  close  to  the  ground,  to  stoop 
low  down. 

Clusty,  close  and  heavy ;  particularly  applied  to 
bread  not  well  fermented,  and,  therefore,  closely 
set.  Also  applied  to  a  potatoe  that  is  not  mealy. 

Coccabells,  icicles. 

Condididdle,  to  filch  away,  to  convey  anything 
away  by  trickery. 

Cowle,  for  Cole,  a  proper  name. 

Creem,  to  shrink  into  a  small  compass.  When 
used  in  an  active  sense,  it  means,  so  to  press  a 
person's  hand  or  arm  as  to  cause  it  to  suffer  from 
it ;  also,  when  potatoes  have  been  pressed  into 
pulp,  they  are  said  to  be  creemed.  But  the  word 
is  used  passively,  to  be  shrunk  and  contracted ; 
and  the  phrase  is  common,  "  to  be  creemed  with 
cold;"  that  is,  shrunk  with  it. 

Cribbage- faced,  a  face  that  is  thin  and  ema- 
ciated 

Crickle,  to  break  down.  It  is  applied  to  a  prop 
or  support  when  it  breaks  down  through  feeble- 
ness, and  simple  perpendicular  pressure  of  a 
weight  above. 

Crirn,  a  small  bit ;  and  thus  it  answers  to  the 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


•word  crumb ;  but  it  is  often  applied  to  time,  as 
" after  a  crim"  or  in  a  very  short  time. 

Crowd,  a  fiddle ;  crowder,  a  fiddler  (a  genuine 
British  word).  We  have  a  proverb  :  "  If  I  can't 
crowdy,  they  won't  dance;"  meaning,  they  will 
take  no  notice  of  me,  when  I  have  no  power  to 
feast  or  entertain  them. 

Crowst,  for  crust,  as  of  bread. 

Cuttit,  sharp  in  reply,  impudently  sharp.  It 
implies  pertness,  but  is  not  equivalent  to  cutting, 
as  descriptive  of  speech. 

VIDEO. 


THE  HIGHLANDS  OF  SCOTLAND  AND  THE  GRECIAN 
ARCHIPELAGO. 

In  Hahn's  Albanesische  Studien  (4to.  Jena, 
1854),  it  is  stated  (p.  259.),  as  a  remarkable  point 
of  resemblance  between  these  countries,  that  the 
band  of  music  belonging  to  the  garrison  at  Athens 
was  accustomed  for  a  long  time  to  play  a  piece  of 
music,  at  hearing  which,  even  the  Greek  (to 
whom  the  music  of  the  Franks  is  quite  unintelli- 
gible) feels  his  heart  thrilled,  for  he  listens  to  a 
well-known  melody  which  he  has  been  accus- 
tomed to  hear  and  to  sing  from  his  youth  :  "  That 
sounds  like  a  song  of  Kalamata."*  Dr.  Halm 
(who  was  Austrian  Consul  for  Eastern  Greece), 
when  he  heard  the  music,  supposed  it  for  a  long 
time  to  be  a  Greek  dancing-song  somewhat  im- 
proved, until  he  learned,  to  his  astonishment,  that 
it  was  a  highland  Ecossaise,  as  he  terms  it.  Owing 
to  the  fundamental  difference  between  the  music 
of  the  Greeks  and  of  the  Franks,  —  a  difference  so 
great,  that  Dr.  Hahn  says  it  is  hardly  po.-'sible  for 
one  Frank  in  a  hundred  to  retain  and  to  repeat  a 
popular  Greek  melody,  —  the  fact  now  recorded 
deserves  the  attention  of  the  musical  connoisseurs. 
The  study  of  the  national  music  of  the  Greeks 
would  certainly  be  fertile  in  results  regarding  an- 
cient ethnography.  . .  This  similarity  in  the  national 
music  is  not  the  only  point  of  resemblance  be- 
tween the  Highlands  of  Scotland  and  the  Greek 
Archipelago.  The  square-formed  cloth  on  the 
ancient  Greek  vases,  and  the  twofold  Caledonia, 
occurs  to  mind.  Caledonia,  however,  is  a  Celtic 
word,  and  signifies  a  wood.  That  the  kingdom  of 
Macedon  was  founded  by  a  race  of  shepherds, 
appears  both  from  the  tradition  of  Perdikkas 
(Heraflot.  viii.  137. ),  and  from  the  taking  of  the 
city  of  Eilessa,  or  A^as,  by  Caranus,  the  Argive, 
who  followed  a  herd  of  goats.  Justin  remarks, 
at  the  conclusion  of  his  history,  that  the  goat  was 
the  leader  of  the  Macedonian  army  in  all  its 


*  Kalamata  was  one  of  the  first  towns  in  the  Morea 
•that  freed  itself  from  the  Turkish  yoke  in  1821.  The 
first  National  Assembly  of  the  Greeks  was  held  at  Kala- 
mata in  the  same  year.  In  r825  it  was  almost  totally 
destroyed  by  the  savage  troops  of  Ibrahim  Pasha. 


campaigns,  owing  to  that  kingdom  having  been 
founded  by  a  race  of  shepherds.  Strange  to  say, 
a  similar  custom  has  been  continued  to  our 
day  among  the  Scottish  Highlanders ;  and  it  is 
not  long  since  the  he-goat,  which  formerly  used 
to  march,  splendidly  adorned,  at  the  head  of  every 
regiment,  was  taken  away  from  the  Highland 
troops  of  the  English  army.  So  far  Dr.  Hahn. 
Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents,  who  have 
been  at  Athens,  can  enlighten  us  farther  as  to  the 
name  of  this  reputed  Scottish  melody.  Respect- 
ing the  part  enacted  by  the  goat,  I  fear  the  worthy 
consul  has  been  strangely  mystified. 

Logan,  in  bis  work,  The  Scottish  Gael,  says 
that  — 

'•  When  the  chief  was  aware  of  the  approach  of  an 
enemy,  he  immediately,  with  his  own  sword,  killed  a 
goat;  and  dipping  in  the  blood  the  ends  of  a  cross  of 
wood  that  had  been  half-burned,  gave  it,  with  the  name 
of  the  place  of  meeting,  to  one  of  the  clan ;  who  carried 
it  with  the  utmost  celerity  to  the  next  dwelling,  or  put  it 
in  the  hands  of  some  one  he  met ;  who  ran  forward  in  the 
same  manner,  until,  in  a  few  hours,  the  whole  clan,  from, 
the  most  remote  situations,  were  collected  in  arms  at  the 
place  appointed." —  Vol.  i.  p.  140. 

J.  MACRAT. 

Oxford. 


FOLK   LORE. 

Curious  Custom  at  Wells,  Somerset.  —  A  few  days 
ago  chance  led  me  into  the  churchyard  of  St. 
Cuthbert  here,  and  seeing  a  new  grave  had  just 
been  completed,  I  went  to  it,  and  there  found  two 
men  engaged  in  covering  in  the  sides  of  the  grave 
with  white  plaster.  On  asking  the  reason,  the  men 
informed  me  that  when  a  person  died  whose  trade 
had  been  that  of  a  plasterer,  it  was  customary  to 
plaster  his  grave  in  the  way  they  were  then  doing. 
On  farther  inquiry  I  found  that  this  custom, 
could  be  traced  back  for  several  hundred  years. 

Such  a  custom  may  possibly  exist  in  other  places, 
but  never  having  heard  of  it  myself,  I  send  the 
above  for  insertion  in"N.  &  Q."  if  considered  suf- 
ficiently interesting.  INA. 

Wells. 

Northern  Counties  Folk  Lore :  Cattle  watering. — 

Man  alive,  an  Ox  may  drive 

Unto  a  springing  well : 
For  to  drink,  as  he  may  think, 

But  this  he  can't  compel. 

Lambing  Season. — 

The  best  shepherd  that  ever  "  run," 
Can't  tell  whether  a  sheep  goes  twenty  weeks  or  twenty- 
one. 

ROBERT  RAWLINSON. 

Marriage  Custom.  —  I  was  informed  lately  by  a 
lady  that,  it  was  the  custom  many  years  ago,  at  a 
solemnisation  of  marriage  at  Hope  Church  in 
Derbyshire,  for  the  clerk  to  call  out  aloud,  while 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


181 


the  couple  were  standing  at  the  altar  rails,  "  God 
speed  tlie  couple  well."  Have  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents ever  heard  of  this  saying  before  ?  or 
are  they  aware  whether  it  exists  at  present  any- 
where ?  A  CONSTANT  READER. 

Moon  Superstitions. — 

"  This  root  (the  Sea  Poppy),  so  much  valued  for  re- 
moving all  pains  in  the  breast,  stomach,  and  intestines, 
is  good  also  for  disordered  lungs,  and  is  so  much  better 
here  than  in  other  places,  that  the  apothecaries  of  Corn- 
wall send  hither  for  it ;  and  some  people  plant  them  in 
their  gardens  in  Cornwall,  and  will  not  part  with  them 
under  sixpence  a  root.  A  very  simple  notion  they  have 
with  regard  to  this  root,  which  falls  not  much  short  of 
the  Druid  superstition,  in  gathering  and  preparing  their 
Selago  and  Samolus.  This  root,  you  must  know,  is  ac- 
counted very  good  both  as  an  emetic  and  cathartic.  If, 
therefore,  they  design  that  it  shall  operate  as  the  former, 
their  constant  opinion  is,  that  if  it  be  scraped  and  sliced 
upwards,  that  is,  beginning  from  the  root,  the  knife  is  to 
ascend  towards  the  leaf;  but  if  tliey  would  have  it  to 
operate  as  a  cathartic,  they  must  scrape  the  root  down- 
wards. The  Senecio  aUo,  or  Groundsel,  they  strip  up- 
wards for  an  emetic,  and  downwards  for  a  cathartic.  In 
Cornwall  they  have  several  such  groundless  fancies  re- 
lating to  plants,  and  they  gather  the  medicinal  ones  all 
when  the  moon  is  just  such  an  age;  which,  with  many 
other  such  whims,  must  be  considered  as  the  reliques  of 
the  Druid  superstition." — Borlase's  Observations  on  the 
Ancient  and  Present  State  of  the  Islands  of  Scilly. 

GLAUCUS. 

Wedding  Custom  at  Cranbrooh. —  It  is  cus- 
tomary here,  and  I  believe  in  other  parts  of  Kent, 
when  a  newly  married  couple  leave  the  church,  to 
Btrew  the  pathway,  not  with  flowers,  but  with 
emblems  of  the  bridegroom's  calling ;  carpenters 
walk  on  shavings;  butchers  on  skins  of  slaughtered 
sheep  ;  the  followers  of  St.  Crispin  are  honoured 
with  leather  parings  ;  pnper-hangers  with  slips  of 

Siper ;  blacksmiths  with  old   iron,  rusty  nails,  &c. 
his  custom  is  new  to  me,  and  I  should  be  glad  if 
an^r  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  could  tell  me  if 
it  is  prevak-nt  elsewhere.  H.  S.  MIDDI,ETOJI. 

Cranbrook,  Kent. 


PEMBERTON    AND    NEWTON. 

The  following   should   be    deposited  in   every 

fublication  which  is  much  consulted  by  inquirers, 
t   refers  to  the  third  edition   of  the  Principia^ 
edited  by  Pemberton  : 

"  Pemberton  tells  us  that  he  had  frequent  intercourse 
with  him  [Newton],  and  that  'a  great  number  of  letters 
passed  between  us  on  this  account.'  ....  Pemberton 
died  in  1771,  and  left  his  printed  books  to  his  friend  Dr. 
Wilson,  but  his  papers  were  most  probably  included  in  the 
residue  of  his  propertv,  which  was  bequeathed  to  a  gentle- 
man of  tiie  ii<ime  of  Miles,  who  had  married  his  niece. 
He  is  described  as  a  timber  merchant  at  Rotherhithe;  lie 
appears  to  have  been  alive  in  17*8,  and  certainly  had 
sons;  but  whether  they  are  now  alive,  or  where,  in  that 
case,  tliey  may  reside,  lias  not  been  discovered  \_Phil.  Mag. 
May,  1836,  vol.  viii.  p.  441.]  .  .  .  The  hope,  however,  must 


not  be  abandoned,  of  these  records  being  yet  traced  out ; 
and  it  is  hardly  possible,  without  them,  to  complete  the 
history  of  Newton's  last  efforts  for  the  improvement  of 
his  Principia." 

The  above  is  from  Rigaud's  Historical  Essay  on 
the  .  .  .  Principia,  pp.  107,  108,  (Oxford,  1838, 
8vo.).  To  this  I  add,  that  no  manuscripts  appear 
to  have  been  sold  in  Pemberton  and  Wilson's 
book  sale  in  1772.  But  it  may  be  suspected  that 
one  of  the  copies  of  Pemberton's  edition  had  the 
editor's  written  notes  in  it.  Of  these  there  were 
three,  all  large  paper.  The  first,  apparently  un- 
bound, sold  for  five  shillings :  the  second  and 
third  were  both  gilt-edged  ;  but  the  second  sold 
for  «5iily  half-a-guinea,  while  the  third  sold  for  one 
pound  thirteen.  It  may  be  suspected  that  this 
third  copy  contained  Pemberton's  notes,  though 
it  may  have  been  only  Newton's  present  to  his 
editor:  consequently,  any  gilt-edged  copy  of  the 
third  edition  of  the  Principia,  with  old  handwrit- 
ing in  it,  should  be  made  known  and  carefully 
examined.  And  priced  catalogues  should  not  be 
despised.  M. 


&att8. 

Cross  and  Pile.  —  It  is  not  impossible  that  the 
word  pile  may  come  from  the  Latin  pila,  a  ball 
or  globe,  and  may  bear  reference  to  the  balls  of 
the  Lombard  arms,  which  we  sometimes  see  on 
coins;  or  else  to  the  globe  surmounted  with  the 
cross  which  was  sometimes  represented  on  them. 
1  have  an  impression  that  I  have  seen  jettons  or 
abbey-counters  with  a  cross  on  one  side  and  a 
globe  so  surmounted  on  the  other. 

HENRT  T.  RILET. 

Le  Neve's  Fasti.  —  The  delegates  of  the  Claren- 
don Press  have  done  themselves  honour  by  pub- 
lishing Mr.  Hardy's  new  and  greaily  improved 
edition  of  this  work,  which  may  now,  with  Dr. 
Cotton's  Fasti  Eccl.  Hibern.,  be  con-idered  indis- 
pensable to  students  of  our  history  and  literature. 
Dr.  Maitland  in  his  plan  for  a  Church  Hi>tory 
Society  recommended  this  reprint  (see  "N.  &  Q." 
Vol.  ii.,  p.  371.),  and  to  his  suggestion  we  are  in- 
debted for  this,  as  for  many  other  valuable  works 
of  reference. 

Accuracy  being  of  the  utmost  importance  in 
such  books,  I  woidd  suggest  that  interleaved 
copies  should  be  kept  in  public  libraries,  in  order 
that  such  errors  as  are  detected  may  be  corrected 
at  once.  One  or  two  which  I  have  noticed  I  sub- 
join. 

Vol.  iii.  p.  615.,  for  "  Richard  Tathnm,"  read 
"  Ralph."  The  public  orator  of  1809  is  the  present 
master  of  St.  John's,  whose  name  is  rightly  given 
elsewhere  in  the  volume. 

Vol.  iii.  p.  615.,  for  "Thomas  Crick,  B.A.," 
read  "  B.  D." 


182 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  253. 


In  Vol.  i.  p.  357.,  it  should  have  been  stated 
that  James  Scholefield,  M.  A.  (not  D.  D.)  suc- 
ceeded to  his  stall  as  Professor  of  Greek  at  Cam- 
bridge. J.  E.  13.  MAYOR. 

St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 

Story's  "  History  of  the  Wars  in  Ireland"  — 
Being  engaged  in  preparing  a  new  edition  (with 
notes,  &c.)  of  Story's  History  of  the  Wars  of  Ire- 
land, I  shall  be  much  obliged  for  suggestions  from 
any  of  your  able  correspondents  who  may  feel  in- 
clined to  give  them.  Communications  may  be 
addressed  to  me,  under  cover  to  Mr.  Herbert, 
Bookseller,  117.  Grafton  Street,  Dublin. 

ABHBA. 

"Tabard,"  "  Talbot" — I  have  been  always  puz- 
zled to  know  how  the  name  of  Chaucer's  Tabard 
in  the  Borough  became  corrupted  into  Talbot;  a 
dog  being  so  very  different  from  a  tabard.  I  find, 
however,  in  Fosbroke's  British  Monachism,  that  a 
tabard  was  sometimes  called  camis  (the  origin  pro- 
bably of  our  word  chemise),  and  sometimes  canis  : 
so  that  the  word  which  meant  a  thin  coat  might 
possibly  be  taken,  by  mistake,  to  mean  a  dog.  Do 
you  think  it  probable  that  this  circumstance  had 
anything  to  do  with  the  change  of  name  of  the 
Tabard  f  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Irish  Newspapers.  —  The  following  particulars, 
few  and  brief,  may  be  deemed  worthy  of  a  corner 
in  "N.  &  Q.,"  and  may,  perhaps,  elicit  some  in- 
teresting information.  In  the  year  1700  Pues 
Occurrences,  the  earliest  Irish  newspaper,  ap- 
peared ;  and  in  1728  Faulkner  s  Journal  was 
started  by  George  Faulkner,  who  was  "a  man  ce- 
lebrated for  the  goodness  of  his  heart,  and  the 
weakness  of  his  head."  The  oldest  of  the  existing 
Dublin  newspapers,  the  Freeman's  Journal,  was 
started  by  Charles  Lucas,  M.  D.  (one  of  the  re- 
presentatives of  the  city  of  Dublin,  and  author  of 
many  political  publications),  in  or  about  1755  ; 
and  the  oldest  of  the  existing  provincial  news- 
papers, the  Limerick  Chronicle,  made  its  first  ap- 
pearance in  1768.  ABHBA. 

Lord  Jocelyn. — The  friends  of  the  lamented 
lord  Jocelyn,  and  future  biographers,  may  be 
pleased  to  read  the  character  of  his  work  on 
China  as  recorded  by  the  learned  and  judicious 
Biot.  It  is  extracted  from  the  Journal  des  Savants 
for  1844 : 

"  Pour  ce  qui  concerne  la  derniere  guerre,  nous  avons 
eu  seulement  1'oceasion  delire  avec  inte'ret  un  tres-petit 
volume,  intitule  Leaves  from  a  soldier's  book,  notes  d'un 
soldat,  par  lord  Jocelyn,  qui  avail  ete  le  secretaire  mill 
taire  de  1'expe'dition,  pendant  les  six  premiers  mois ;  et 
nous  avons  du  regretter  que  1'influence  du  climat  ait 
empeche  trop  tot  cet  aimable  e'crivain  de  completer  les 
impressions  qu'il  a  exprimees  avec  tant  de  naturel  et  des 
sentiments  si  honorables." 

BOLTON  CORNEY. 


BOSTON  :    BCRDELYERS  :    WILKYNS  I    I'KMBLE  :    RAY- 
MENTS :    TIPLERS,    ETC. 

The  following  difficulties  have  presented  them- 
selves whilst  collecting  materials  for  my  pro- 
jected History  of  Boston  and  the  Hundred  of 
Skirbeck.  Will  you  allow  me  to  submit  them  to 
your  numerous  talented  readers,  and  to  solicit 
their  aid  ? 

In  an  inventory  of  the  goods  belonging  to  the 
Gild  of  St.  Mary  in  Boston,  at  the  time  of  the 
dissolution,  is  enumerated  an  "  altar  cloth  of  red 
silk  powthered  with  flowres  called  Boston." 
What  is  or  was  this  flower  called  Boston  ?  I  have 
somewhere  seen  an  account  of  the  herb  Boston, 
but  by  omitting  Captain  Cuttle's  direction  to 
"  make  a  mark,"  I  am  no  better  for  having  found 
it. 

In  the  Corporation  Records,  under  date  1608, 
the  "  Burdelyers  near  the  church  wall,"  are  men- 
tioned. The  word  is  used  without  any  other  con- 
nexion than  simply  denoting  a  place,  or  building, 
or  portion  of  a  building. 

In  1580  Lord  Clinton  borrowed  "  the  welkyn  of 
brasse  of  this  corporation."  In  1657  "  a  great 
brasse  wilkyn  belonging  to  this  borough,  being  now 
no  longer  useful  to  this  borough,  is  directed  to  be 
sold."  In  1694,  "  101.  was  paid  to  John  Sherlocke 
to  buy  a  wilhing  with  at  Nottingham."  This  last 
was  ordered  to  be  sold  in  1757.  I  have  exactly 
copied  the  spelling  of  the  word  as  it  varied  at  the 
different  periods.  What  was  this  wilkyn  ? 

In  1784  "26Z.  5s.  lOd.  was  paid  for  femble." 
This,  I  think,  was  a  kind  of  coarse  flax  or  hemp, 
which  paupers  and  prisoners,  in  what  was  called 
the  Jersey  School,  were  employed  in  spinning ; 
but  I  have  no  other  authority  than  the  connexion 
in  which  I  find  the  word  for  this  supposition. 

Rayments.  In  1546  "  it  was  determined  and 
agreed  that  the  rayments  should  not  go  in  pro- 
cession that  year."  What  does  this  mean  ? 

Tiplers.  In  1568  persons  licensed  or  appointed 
to  sell  ale  and  beer  by  retail  were  called  tiplers. 
In  1575  "  certain  persons  appointed  to  tiple  ale 
and  beer."  In  1577  five  persons  were  appointed 
"  tipplers  of  Lincoln  beer."  No  other  tippler  "  or 
seller  of  ale  and  beer  shall  sell  or  draw  any  beer 
brewed  out  of  the  borough  under  severe  for- 
feitures." Was  this  word  tipler  used  in  this  sense 
in  any  other  place  ;  and  why  was  it  so  used  here  ? 
I  find  that  a  family  named  Typpler  resided  in 
Boston  about  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century. 
William  Typpler  and  Thomas  Typpler  are  men- 
tioned in  1534. 

Will  some  one  be  kind  enough  to  tell  me  when 
the  law  which  directed  that  nothing  but  articles 
made  of  wool  should  be  used  as  the  habiliments  of 
the  dead  ceased  to  be  in  force.  I  find  an  ac- 
count of  affidavits  made  at  funerals,  that  this  law 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


183 


was  obeyed  at  Boston  from  1678  to  1789.  I 
know  it  continued  considerably  later,  but  I  find 
no  record  beyond  1789.  PISHEY  THOMPSON. 

Stoke  Newington. 


WHICH   IS   THE    OLDEST    CHARITABLE    INSTITUTION 
IN   ENGLAND  ? 

It  appears  by  the  recent  proceedings  in  Chan- 
cery, as  reported  in  the  Law  Journal  of  November 
last,  that  the  House  of  St.  Cross  was  refounded 
by  Henry  de  Blois,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  in 
1157;  and  that  even  at  that  remote  period  the 
charity  was  ancient,  and  it  is  now  alleged  that  its 
origin  is  lost  in  its  antiquity. 

In  De  Blois's  charter  the  following  passages 
occur,  which  probably  may  assist  in  obtaining  a 
date : 

"  Henry,  by  the  grace  of  God,  Minister  of  the  Church 
of  Winchester,  to  the  venerable  Lord  in  Christ,  Raymond, 
Master  of  the  Hospital  of  Jerusalem,  and  his  brethren  in 
due  succession  for  ever.  ...  I  deliver  and  commit  to 
Providence,  and  to  the  administration  of  yourself  and 
3rour  successors,  the  Hospital  of  the  Poor  of  Christ,  which 
I  ...  have  founded  anew  without  the  walls  of  Win- 
chester, preserving  its  condition  unchanged,  so  that  as  it 
has  been  constituted  by  me,  and  has  been  confirmed  by 
those  apostolic  men  of  pious  memory  Pope  Innocent  and 
Pope  Lucius,  the  poor  in  Christ  may  there  humbly  and 
devoutly  serve  God." 

If  the  Popes  Lucius  and  Innocent  here  referred 
to  are  the  first  of  those  names  respectively  (but 
which  is  doubtful),  then  it  would  be  manifest  that 
the  hospital  was  erected  soon  after  the  conversion 
of  the  inhabitants  of  this  island  to  Christianity. 
Lucius  was  named  to  succeed  Cornelius  as  pope 
in  the  year  of  Christ  252,  and  died  a  martyr. 
Innocent  was  chosen  in  402 ;  he  was  a  man  of 
great  address  and  lively  genius,  and  was  distin- 
guished after  his  death  with  the  title  of  the  blessed 
Innocent.  (Vide  Bower.) 

Assuming  the  latter  date,  it  would  then  seem 
that  the  house  was  founded  700  years  before  the 
time  of  De  Blois. 

By  the  reports  of  the  commissioners  appointed 
to  inquire  concerning  charities,  it.  appears  that, 
there  are  only  six  institutions  whose  foundation  is 
ascertained  to  be  prior  to  1157.  St.  Bartholomew, 
Guildford,  1078;  Cirencester  about  1100;  Ripon, 
1109;  St.  Bartholomew,  London,  1122;  Nor- 
thampton, 1138;  St.  Katherine,  London,  1148. 
Yet  there  are  amongst  the  8784  others  of  un- 
known date,  many  stated  as  having  existed  "  from 
time  immemorial,"  "  time  out  of  mind,"  as  "  of 
very  great  antiquity,"  "  extremely  ancient,"  &c. 
Probably  amongst  the  latter  there  may  be  some 
older  than  St.  Cross,  and  I  hope  that  there  are 
persons  amongst  the  antiquarian  readers  of  "  N. 
&  Q."  able  and  willing  to  throw  light  on  the  ob- 
scurity. 


It  would  also  be  interesting  to  know  why  and 
when  the  name  was  changed  from  Christ's  Hospital 
to  that  of  St.  Cross.  HENRY  EDWARDS, 


ANGLO-SAXON   TYPOGRAPHY. 

Is  it  not  time,  in  reprinting  Anglo-Saxon  books, 
to  discard  both  the  accents  and  the  two  forms  of 
th  found  in  the  old  manuscripts  ? 

As  there  is  in  agitation  at  this  moment  a  plan 
for  printing,  in  one  uniform  edition,  all  the  re- 
mains of  Anglo-Saxon  literature,  published  and 
unpublished,  it  is  desirable  that  so  important  a 
question  as  that  which  I  have  proposed  above 
should  be  clearly  and  satisfactorily  answered,  be- 
fore so  serious  and  valuable  a  work  should  be 
begun.  By  way  of  beginning  the  subject,  there- 
fore, I  will  give  my  own  reasons  why  the  ac- 
cents should  be  omitted,  and  the  old  forms  of 
all  the  letters  exchanged  for  those  which  are  now 
in  use. 

I.  Accents. 

1.  It  is  not  a  feature  of  the  English  language 
to  employ  accents,  and  Anglo-Saxon  is  but  En- 
glish of  an  earlier  date. 

2.  Accents  are  not  found  at  all  in  many  Anglo- 
Saxon  manuscripts. 

3.  Where  they  are  found,  there  is  no  certain 
rule  observed  in  their  use  :  in  the  same  page  we 
find  the  same  word  used  with  or  without  an  ac- 
cent, as  the  case  may  be.     At  this  moment  1  have 
before  me,  for  and  for,  fyr  and  fir,  eac  and  cue. 
Sometimes  two  accents  are  found  on  the  same 
vowel ;   and  within  the  same  page  the  same  word 
occurs  with  only  one  accent,  and  again  with  none 
at  all. 

4.  If  it  be  said  that  accents  distinguish  sounds, 
as  is  (ice),  from  is,  I  reply,   the  context  did  it 
sufficiently,  as  in  the  present  day. 

II.  The  Theta  or  th. 

1.  There  is  no  uniform  use  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
"5  and  b  :   some  manuscripts  seem  to  prefer  one, 
and  consequently  abound  in  instances  of  that  one, 
whilst  other  manuscripts  prefer  the  other ;   but 
even  here  they  are  not  consistent  with  themselves, 
for  every  now  and  then  they  use  the  other,  which 
they  had  seemed  to  have  rejected. 

2.  In  the  same  page  the  same  word  is  found 
written  both  with  $  and  \>.     Thus,  $a  and  j>a,  tSser 
and  baer,  occur  repeatedly  in  the  same  page. 

3.  The  endeavour  to  make  one  to   be  initial, 
whilst  the  other  is  medial  or  final,  utterly  fails; 
for  we  find  nemnab  and  nemna'5,  Sec.  in  the  same 
manuscript. 

4.  To  say  that  ]>  represents  the  hard  sound,  as 
of  th  in  that,  whilst  $  describes  the  softer  sound,  as 
of  th  in  thivg,  is  equally  futile ;  for  we  find  ftast 
and  j>set  in  the  same  page. 


184 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


5.  The  progress  of  a  language  is  from  a  smaller 
to  a  larger  number  of  letters  in  the  alphabet,  not 
from  a  larger  to  a  smaller.     Thus  the  Hebrews 
had   at   first  only   ten    letters,   the   Greeks   and 
Latins  only  sixteen  :  they  increased  ultimately  to 
twenty-two  and  twenty-four.     If,  therefore,  the 
English  had  required  the  3  and   b,  it  is  fair  to 
suppose  that  these  letters  would  never  have  be- 
come obsolete.      Thus  we   may  infer   that   they 
•were   not   wanted,   and    therefore   were    discon- 
tinued.    This  inference  will  become  the  stronger, 
if  we  can  find  any  probable  reasou  for  their  ori- 
ginal introduction. 

6.  Such  a  reason  for  the  introduction,  not  only 
of  t?  and  }>,  but  of  accents  also,  may  be  found  in 
the  fact  that  literature  among  the  An<;lo-Saxons 
was  first  extensively  taught  by  Theodore,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  in  668,  a  Greek  and  there- 
fore, like  all  Greeks,  strongly  biassed  to  the  pecu- 
liarities of  Grecian  learning,  which    delights   in 
accents,  and  is  the  only  language  in  Europe  that 
has  retained  the  ihe.ta  or  single  character  for  re- 
presenting tlie  two  letters  t  and  h.  The  probability 
that  Theodore  introduced  both  the  accents  and 
the  theta  is  very  great,  and  it  is  greater  still  when 
we  remark  that  the  Greeks  had  two  forms  of  the 
theta,  each  of  which   corresponds  to  one  of  the 
Ando-Saxon  forms,  9  to  }>,  and  &  to  3. 

This  is  the  conclusion  to  which  my  own  reflec- 
tion on  the  subject  has  led  me,  and  I  am  in  con- 
sequence strongly  disposed  to  reject  these  forms 
and  the  accents  altogether,  and  so  to  popularise 
Anglo-Saxon  learning,  by  removing  some  of  the 
obstacles  which  now  impede  its  path.  But  if  any 
of  your  readers  should  think  it  worth  while  to 
communicate  their  opinions,  in  reply  or  in  con- 
firmation of  this  theory,  I  for  one  shall  be  infi- 
nitely obliged  to  them  for  doing  so.  J.  A.  GILES. 
Vicarage,  Bampton,  Oxfordshire. 


tfhterir*. 

Old  Lady  Blount  of  Twickenham — There  have 
been  so  many  blunders  about  theBlounts — such  a 
confusion  for  a  whole  century  between  Edward  and 
Michael  —  such  immoral  consequences  deduced  by 
the  biographers  from  their  own  errors — but  whether 
Pope  did  or  did  not  write  the  verses  on  Dr.  Bolton, 
I  am  anxious  to  know  if  the  above  lady  was  or 
was  not  the  mother  of  Teresa  and  Martha  In 
the  "  Pop  upon  Pope"  Martha  Blount  is  described 
as  his  near  neighbour  at  Twickenham.  From 
Pope's  letters  and  other  incidental  references  we 
learn  that  the  mother  and  daughters  were  occa- 
sionally at  Richmond  —  at  Petersham — but  that 
they  ever  resided  there  does  not,  I  think,  appear. 
Martha,  in  a  letter  to  Swift,  of  7th  May,  1728, 
says,  her  old  gowns  are  just  "  fit  for  Petersham, 
where  we  talk  of  going  in  three  weeks."  Curll 


also  speaks  of  "  Mrs.  Blount  of  Petersham,  in 
Surrey."  Can  any  of  your  correspondents  refer 
to  proof  of  residence  at  Twickenham?  If  yes  — 
when,  and  for  how  long?  O.  L.  B. 

Philip  Ayres. — Is  anything  known  of  Philip 
Ayres,  author  of  Emblems  of  Love  in  Four  Lan- 
guages, London,  1683  ?  Judging  from  one  or 
two  of  the  pictures  in  this  book,  the  "  ladys"  to 
whom  he  dedicated  it  must  have  been  of  a  rather 
"  free  and  easy"  character.  It  is  mentioned  in 
ME.  CORNER'S  List,  "  N.  &  Q."  Vol.  vii ,  p.  470. 

HENRY  T.  RILET. 

"  L'Amerique  Delivree."  —  Who  was  the  au- 
thor of  a  French  poem,  entitled  L'Amerique  De- 
livree,  Exquisite  (fun,  Poeme  sur  I  Independance  de 
V  Amerique,  published  at  Amsterdam  in  the  year 
1783? 

The  dedication  to  John  Adams  is  signed  L.  C. 
D.  L.  G.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Chester  Inquisition.  —  Is  the  original,  or  a 
transcript  of  The  Great  Inquisition  of  the  Knights' 
Fees  of  the  County  Palatine  of  Chester,  taken  in 
the  reign  of  King  Edward  II.,  extant  ? 

CESTRIENSI9. 

Was  the  Host  ever  buried  in  a  Pyx?  —  On  dig- 
ging a  grave  south  of  the  chancel  wall,  and  due 
east  of  the  gable  of  the  south  aisle,  of  Coombe 
Keynes  Church,  Dorsetshire,  the  sexton  came  on 
several  bones,  and  a  small  cup  and  cover,  of 
pewter  I  think,  extremely  corroded,  and  quite 
soft,  near  the  head  of  the  skeleton  ;  also  a  turned 
ornament  like  the  shank  of  a  candlestick,  of  the 
same  metal,  near  the  foot.  Can  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents throw  light  on  this  ?  Was  it,  ever 
usual  to  bury  a  pyx  with  the  host  ?  SIMON  WARD. 

Gules,  a  Lion  rampant  or.  —  To  what  Devon- 
shire family  do  these  arms  belong  :  Gules,  a  lion 
rampant  or,  crowned  proper  ;  —  the  crest,  a  lion 
rampant  or  ?  T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

A  Passage  in  De  Quincey's  Writings.  —  In  Mr. 
De  Quincey's  Essay  on  Modern  Superstition  the 
following  passage  occurs : 

"  There  was  no  shadow  of  an  argument  for  believing  a 
party  of  men  criminal  objects  of  heavenly  wrath  because 
upon  them,  by  fatal  preference,  a  tower  had  fallen,  and 
because  their  bodies  were  exclusively  mangled.  How 
little  can  it  be  said  that  Christianity  has  yet  developed 
the  fulness  of  its  power  when  kings  and  senates  so  re- 
cently acted  under  a  total  oblivion  of  this  great,  though 
novel  doctrine,  and  would  do  so  still  were  it  not  that 
religious  arguments  have  been  banished  bv  the  progress 
of  manners  from  the  field  of  political  discussion." 

What  was  the  recent  action  of  kings  and  senates 
here  spoken  of  ? 

UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


185 


Roche,  Lord  Fernoy.  —  Mr.  Burke  makes  Ralph 
de  la  Roche  the  husband  of  Lady  Elizabeth  de 
Clare,  daughter  of  Gilbert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  by 
the  Princess  Joan  (of  Acres),  daughter  of  King 
Edward  I. :  but  she  appears  to  have  married,  first, 
John  de  Burgh,  son  of  Richard,  Earl  of  Ulster ; 
secondly,  Theobald  Lord  Vernon ;  and  thirdly, 
Sir  Roger  D'Amory.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
explain  this  ?  Y.  S.  M. 

Hedding  Family.  —  In  Burke's  Visitation  of  the 
Seats  and  Arms,  second  series,  there  is  a  pedigree 
of  the  family  of  Hedding.  Was  Ethelswytha  de 
Hesdene  (who  was  &  great  heiress  and  a  descendant 
of  the  Saxon  kings,  and  who  soon  after  the  Con- 
quest married  the  son  of  Osburn  de  Gorseburg)  a 
descendant  of  Ilbodus  de  Hesding  (or  Hesden,  as 
he  is  sometimes  called),  and  if  so,  was  she  his 
daughter  ? 

Who  did  he  marry  ?  and  how  was  she  a  "  de- 
scendant of  the  Saxon  kings  ?  " 

Any  information  on  the  subject  will  be  thank- 
fully received  by  your  constant  reader  CID. 

The  Public  never  blushes.  —  Who  was  the  au- 
thor of  the  saying,  "The  public  never  blushes," 
quoted,  I  think,  by  De  Stae'l  ?  BRISTOUENSIS. 

Dr.  Llewellyn.  —  I  have  in  my  possession  an 
old  MS.  book,  which  I  picked  up  by  chance  in  a 
humble  country  cottage,  containing  sermons,  and 
many  curious  and  learned  notes,  the  results,  ap- 
parently, of  extensive  classical  and  philosophical 
reading.  I  find  the  name  of  Dr.  Llewellyn  on  the 
front  page,  but  the  date  I  am  unable  to  determine. 
Attached  to  one  of  the  sermons  on  1  St.  Peter  i. 
2.  (latter  part),  "  Grace  unto  you,"  &c.,  I  find  the 
following  note:  "Bishop  Lloyd's  visitation  at 
Peterborough,  <re7rr.  280." 

I  shall  be  glad  if  this  may  serve  as  a  clue  to 
any  of  your  readers  to  find  out  who  this  Dr. 
Llewellyn  was,  as  he  would  seem  from  his  writings 
to  have  been  a  person  of  some  consideration  in 
his  day.  M.  A.,  Oxon. 

King  in  the  Field  of  Battle.  — 

"  In  the  wars  of  Europe  which  were  waged  among  our 
forefathers,  it  was  usual  for  the  enemv,  when  there  was  a 
king  in  the  field,  to  demand  by  a  trumpet  in  what  part  of 
the  camp  he  resided,  that  they  might  avoid  firing  upon 
the  royal  pavilion."  —  Addison's  Freeholder,  No.  XXIII., 
p.  129.  ed.  1744. 

Where  is  there  any  mention  of  this  custom  ? 

GPL. 

"  Saratariana  "  and  "  Pranceriana."  —  As  is 
generally  supposed,  the  chief  writers  of  the  former 
work  (consisting  of  fugitive  political  pieces,  pub- 
lished during  the  administration  of  Lord  Towns- 
hend  in  Ireland)  were  Sir  Hercules  Langrishe, 
Bart.,  Mr.  Grattan  (then  a  young  barrister  not  in 
parliament),  and  Mr.  Henry  Flood.  Is  this  sup- 


position correct  ?  And  who  were  concerned  in 
the  composition  of  the  other  ?  Both  works  at- 
tracted no  small  share  of  attention  during  the 
latter  half  of  the  eighteenth  century.  ABHBA. 

Lords  Clarendon  and  Hyde,  and  the  Academy 
for  Riding  in  Oxford — In  the  Preface  to  the 
Life  of  Edward,  Earl  of  Clarendon  (vol.  iii.  8vo. 
Oxford,  1759),  it  is  stated  that 

"  The  noble  heiresses  of  the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  out  of 
their  regard  to  the  publick,  and  to  this  seat  of  learning, 
have  been  pleased  to  fulfil  the  kind  intentions  of  Lord 
Hyde  (expressed  in  a  will  which  became  void  by  his 
dying  before  his  father,  the  then  Earl  of  Clarendon),  and 
adopt  a  scheme  recommended  both  by  him  and  his  great- 
grandfather. To  this  end  they  have  sent  to  the  Univer- 
sity this  history  to  be  printed  at  our  press,  on  condition 
that  the  profits  arising  from  the  publication  or  sale  of  this 
work  be  applied,  as  a  beginning  fora  fund,  for  supporting 
a  manage  (manege)  or  academy  for  riding,  and  other 
useful  exercises,  in  Oxford." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  whether  the 
Riding  Academv  mentioned  in  the  above  extract 
was  ever  established  at  Oxford  ?  Some  weeks 
since,  and  before  I  had  seen  the  passage  now 
quoted,  in  conversation  with  a  graduate  of  the 
University,  I  happened  to  inquire  whether  Oxford 
possessed  such  a  means  for  assisting  her  youthful 
members  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  art  of 
equitation,  and  was  informed  that  there  is  no 
riding  school  in  the  University.  By  a  curious 
coincidence  I  have  been  reminded  of  that  conver- 
sation by  meeting  with  the  passage  in  Lord 
Clarendons  Life,  and  submit  the  extract  from  it 
to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  in  the  hope  of  obtaining  a  reply, 
explaining  the  reasons  why  Lord  Hyde's  intentions 
have  not  been  carried  into  effect.  QUERIST. 

Captain  Richard  Symonds. —  Can  any  of  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  where  I  shall  find 
a  biographical  notice  of  this  gentleman,  who  was 
captain  of  aci  >mpany  in  the  army  of  King  Charles  I.  ? 
also  where  his  Diaries  are  deposited?  I  already 
know  of  those  in  the  Harleian  Library.  Z.  z. 

"In  signo  Thau." — I  think  perhaps  the  following 
may  be  acceptable  as  a  minor  note  to  some  of  your 
archaeological  or  even  general  readers.  In  the 
cloister  leading  from  the  Church  to  the  Chapter 
House,  in  Southwell  Minster,  Notts,  I  found  the 
following  curious  inscription: — "Hie  jacet  \Villmus 
Talbot,  miser  et  indignus  sacerdos,  expectans  re- 
surrectionem  mortuum  in  signo  Thau"  (Old  En- 
glish). May  I  append  a  query  in  the  following 
words  : — Is  it  known  whether  the  Greek  letter  T  is 
elsewhere  used  for  the  Cross  ?  and  if  it  is,  can  in- 
stances can  be  given  ?  J.  G.  T. 

Luke  5i.  14.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  explain 
how  it  ever  came  to  pass,  that  the  latter  part  of 
St.  Luke  ii.  14.  was  translated,  as  it  stands  in  the 
Vulgate,  "  Houiinibus  bonce  voluntatis  ?  "  M.  A. 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


<&ucrt'e3  ujt'tfj 

Beringtorfs  Memoirs  of  Gregorio  Panzani.  — 
MR.  DENTON  (Vol.  x.,  p.  131.)  has  quoted  a  work 
by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Berington,  which  is  rather 
hard  upon  that  very  remarkable  man,  Robert 
Parsons  (who,  by  the  way,  was  born  at  Stogursey, 
near  Bridgwater).  I  wish  to  call  attention  to  this 
book.  It  came  out  in  1793,  and  is  called  Memoirs 
of  Gregorio  Panzani,  giving  an  Account  of  his 
Agency  in  England,  1634-36,  translated  from  the 
Italian  original,  with  a  supplement,  by  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Berington.  But  there  are  copies  with  the 
following  title  : 

"  The  History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Religion  in  England,  during  a  period  of  two 
hundred  and  forty  years  from  the  Reign  of  Elizabeth  to 
the  present  Time;  including  the  Memoirs  of  Gregorio 
Panzani,  Envoy  from  Rome  to  the  English  Court  in  1643, 
1644,  and  1645,"  &c. 

Now  Berington  was  a  Roman  Catholic  priest, 
and  he  would  not  have  written  a  book  of  this 
kind.  The  alteration  in  the  years  is  a  remarkable 
fact ;  who  did  it,  and  why  was  the  title  re-con- 
structed so  as  to  falsify  the  contents  of  the  book  ? 
Has  not  Hallam,  in  the  early  editions  of  his  Con- 
stitutional History,  been  misled  by  these  titles,  and 
quoted  them  as  distinct  works  ?  IGNOTO. 

[This  is  one  and  the  same  work,  re-issued  with  a 
different  title-page,  and  the  omission  of  the  Dedication, 
and  is  certainly  a  literary  curiosity  in  its  way.  Most 
probably  the  stock  had  found  its  way  into  the  second- 
hand market,  and  to  turn  it  to  a  profitable  account,  the 
following  title-page  was  concocted :  "  The  History  of  the 
Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Religion  in  Eng- 
land, during  a  Period  of  Two  Hundred  and  Forty  Years 
from  the  Reign  of  Elizabeth  to  the  Present  Time ;  in- 
cluding the  Memoirs  of  Gregorio  Panzani,  Envoy  from 
Rome  to  the  English  Court,  in  1643,  1644,  and  1645,  with 
many  interesting  particulars  relative  to  the  Court  of 
Charles  the  First,  and  the  Causes  of  the  Civil  War.  Trans- 
lated from  the  Italian  Original.  By  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Berington.  London  :  printed  by  H.  Teape,  Tower  Hill ; 
for  G.  Offor,  Postern  Row,  1813."] 

St.  Walburge.  —  A  church  dedicated  to  the 
above-named  saint  has  been  lately  opened  at 
Preston  in  Lancashire.  In  the  sermon  preached 
on  the  occasion  by  a  Rev.  R.  Lythgoe,  he  stated 
the  origin  of  the  church  was,  as  many  of  his 
hearers  might  be  aware,  owing  to  the  application 
of  the  oil  of  St.  Walburge,  by  which  a  young 
woman,  whose  recovery  was  considered  hopeless, 
was  instantly  cured. 

My  Queries  are,  Who  was  St.  Walburge  ?  and 
what  is  his  or  her  oil,  and  where  it  is  kept  ? 

C.  DE  D. 

[St.  Walburge  was  daughter  of  St.  Richard,  and  was 
one  of  those  holy  virgins  sent  for  out  of  England  by  her 
cousin,  St.  Boniface,  to  teach  his  German  converts  of  the 
female  sex  the  institutes  of  a  religious  life.  In  Germany 
she  was  made  abbess  of  a  nunnery  at  Heirlenheim,  and 
died  on  the  24th  February,  779.  Eighty  years  after  her 
death  her  relics  were  translated  to  Eychstadt,  where  "  a 


certain  liquor  is  said  to  distil  from  them,  which  has  been 
found  a  sovereign  remedy  for  all  diseases;  and  to  this 
day,"  says  Philip,  Bishop  of  Eychstadt,  who  wrote  five 
hundred  years  after  her  death,  "there  flows  from  her 
chaste  relics  a  precious  oil,  the  wonderful  virtue  whereof 
I  myself  have  experienced ;  for  being  brought  down  by  a 
violent  disease,  which  was  of  proof  against  all  art  of 
physic,  I  commanded  some  of  that  sacred  oil  to  be 
brought  to  me,  which,  with  earnest  prayers  to  God,  and 
begging  her  intercession,  I  drank ;  which  was  no  sooner 
done,  but,  to  the  admiration  of  all,  I  presently  recovered 
my  perfect  health."  See  Britannia  Sancta,  or  Lives  of 
Celebrated  British  Saints,  4to.,  1745 ;  and  Butler's  Lives 
of  the  Saints,  Feb.  25.] 

"  Telliamed"  — 

"  Telliamed ;  or  Discourses  between  an  Indian  Philo- 
sopher and  a  French  Missionary,  on  the  Diminution  of 
the  Sea,  the  Formation  of  the  Earth,  the  Origin  of  Men 
and  Animals,  and  other  Curious  Subjects  relating  to 
Natural  History  and  Philosophy.  Being  a  Translation 
from  the  French  Original  of  Mr.  Maillet,  Author  of  the 
Description  of  Egypt.  London :  printed  for  T.  Osborne, 
in  Gray's  Inn  Lane,  1750." 

Can  any  of  your  subscribers  inform  me  as  to 
the  authorship  of  the  above  work  ;  and  if  the  very 
curious  theory  it  propounds  received  much  atten- 
tion at  the  time  ?  R.  H.  B. 

[Benedict  de  Maillet,  the  author  of  this  singular  system 
of  cosmogony,  was  born  in  1656,  of  a  noble  family  at  St. 
Mihiel,  in  Lorraine.  At  the  age  of  thirty-three  he  was 
appointed  Consul -General  of  Egypt.  In  1715  he  was 
commissioned  to  visit  and  inspect  the  factories  of  Barbary 
and  the  Levant,  and  afterwards  retired  on  a  pension  to 
Marseilles,  where  he  died  in  1738.  The  work  noticed  by 
our  correspondent  was  published  after  his  death  by  the 
Abbe  Le  Mascrier,  under  the  feigned  name  of  Telliamed, 
which  is  an  anagram  of  the  name  De  Maillet.  The  philo- 
sopher maintained  that  all  the  land  of  this  earth,  and  its 
vegetable  and  animal  inhabitants,  rose  from  the  bosom  of 
the  sea;  that  men  had  originally  been  tritons  with  tails; 
and  that  they,  as  well  as  other  animals,  had  lost  their 
marine,  and  acquired  terrestrial,  forms  by  their  agitation 
when  left  on  dry  ground.  This  whimsical  theory  occa- 
sioned a  keen  controversy  for  a  time  among  the  literati  of 
France,  noticed  in  th&  Biographie  Universelle,  art.  MAIL- 
LET.] 

Pr ester  John. — Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
any  information  of  a  deBnite  character  relative  to 
Prester  John  ;  and  likewise  the  reason  of  his  ap- 
pearance on  the  arms  of  the  diocese  of  Chichester  ? 

B.  HARTFIELD. 

[Dallaway,  in  his  Western  Sussex,  vol.  i.  p.  36.,  has  the 
following  curious  remarks  on  these  arms:  "The  most  an- 
cient seal  of  Chichester  cathedral  appended  to  deeds  ex- 
hibits a  rude  representation  of  a  church,  and  was  probably 
continued  from  the  Saxon  bishops  of  Selsey.  About  the 
time  of  Seffrid  the  Second,  a  seal  was  adopted,  upon 
which  was  engraven  the  figure  of  Christ  (  Salvator  Mundi) 
sitting  upon  a  throne  or  bench,  with  the  right  arm  ele- 
vated, and  the  two  fore-fingers  and  thumb  held  up,  as  in 
the  act  of  benediction :  the  book  usually  placed  in  the 
other  hand  is  omitted.  The  head  is  surrounded  by  a 
nimbus,  or  glory,  and  the  mouth  holds  a  sword  by  the 
hilt,  the  blade  of  which  points  to  the  left.  On  either  side 
are  placed  '  Alpha  and  Omega,'  in  Greek  characters. 
This  device  has  been  capriciously  changed  into  a  figure 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


187 


with  different  attributes,  and  denominated  by  the  heralds, 
a  Prester-John  proper.  Under  no  circumstances  could 
that  extraordinary  personage  have  had  any  connexion 
with  the  see  of  Chichester;  it  is  therefore  one  of  those 
vulgar  errors  which  it  is  easy  to  correct.  After  the  Re- 
storation, the  emblazoning  is  described  as  follows :  Azure, 
a  Presbyter- John  sitting  on  a  tombstone  with  a  crown  on 
his  head  and  glory  or,  his  dexter  hand  extended,  and 
holding  in  his  sinister  hand  a  mound,  on  its  top  a  cross 
patte"e  or,  in  his  mouth  a  sword  fess-ways  argent,  hilt 
and  pomel  of  the  second,  with  the  point  to  the  sinister." 
For  notices  of  Prester-John,  see  "N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vii., 
p.  502.] 

Words  in  Michael  Scot.  —  When,  a  short  time 
since,  I  had  occasion  to  consult  the  works  of  the 
renowned  Michael  Scot,  I  met  with  the  following 
words,  which  I  shall  be  obliged  to  any  one  of 
your  correspondents  to  explain  : 

1.  What  colours  are  signified  by  the  words,  mo- 
rellam  and  migranatam  ? 

2.  What  is  Lotho  f 

3.  What  is  meant  when  homo  se  videt  in  somniis 
stuffare  ? 

4.  •  Plumeum  lapidem  f 

5.  What  sort  of  drink  is  bromium  ? 

6.  What  is  it  vibrare  Scolas  ?  VIDEO. 

[1.  The  adjective  morellus  is  a  Latinised  diminutive  of 
the  French  moreau,  as  un  cheval  moreau,  a  dark- coloured 
horse ;  and,  as  Du  Cange  properly  renders  the  word,  it 
means  somewhat  brown,  darkish.  "  Subfuscus.  Michael 
Scotus  de  Physionomia,  c.  46.,"  where  he  quotes  the  pas- 
sage in  which  the  word  occurs :  "  Cum  sanguis  regnat, 
homo  somniat,"  &c.  (See  his  Glossary,  in  voce.)  Migra- 
natam may  signify,  of  a  scarlet  colour,  from  migrania,  i.  e. 
granatum,  vel  mahim  punicum  (see  Du  Cange,  "  Supple- 
ment "),  the  pomegranate,  from  the  seeds  of  which  was 
extracted  a  scarlet  dye.  Todd's  Johnson. 

2.  Loto,  or  lotho,  as  the  same  glossarist  interprets,  is 
"  semiuncia  sexta  decima  pars  marca,"  half  an  ounce,  the 
sixteenth  part  of  a  mark. 

3.  If  the  correct  reading  of  this  passage  be  stuffari,  the 
sense  is  plain  enough,  "a  man  sees  himself  well  furnished 
or  equipped  in  his  dreams."     Stuffare,  i.  e.  instruere,  says 
the  same  author ;  hence  our  English  word,  stuff,  as  house- 
hold stuff. 

4.  Plumeum  lapidem  is  obscure. 

5.  Bromium  is  doubtless  a  fermented  drink  made  of  oats 
and  barley,  from  bromos,  mentioned  by  Pliny,  22.  ult.,  and 
very  similar  in  its  quality  and  effects  to  whiskey. 

6.  Vibra  sco/as  is  equivalent  to  oppugnare  scholas,  to 
make  an  attack  on  the  schools ;  as  the  verb's  derivative, 
vibrella,  signifies  a  military  engine ;  tormentum,  a  batter- 
ing-ram, a  cannon,  &c.] 

Sculptor  at  Charing  Cross.  —  Thomas  Randolph, 
in  his  Poems,  London,  1652,  p.  50.,  says  : 

"  So  I  at  Charing  Crosse  have  beheld  one  — 
A  statue  cut  out  of  Parian  stone, 
To  figure  great  Alcides." 

This  would  be  about  the  year  1630.     Is  it  known 
to  what  sculptor  or  statuary  he  refers  ? 

HENRY  T.  RILET. 

[This  seems  to  be  one  of  the  statues  of  the  Arundelian 
Collection,  at  this  time  at  Arundel  House  in  the  Strand, 
and  thus  noticed  by  Evelyn  in  his  Diary,  September  19, 


1667:  —  "When  I  saw  these  precious  monuments  mise- 
rably neglected  and  scattered  up  and  down  about  the 
garden  of  Arundel  House,  and  how  exceedingly  the  cor- 
rosive air  of  London  impaired  them,  I  procured  him 
[Henry  Howard]  to  bestow  them  on  the  University  of 
Oxford."  The  one  noticed  by  Randolph  is  probably"  the 
Young  Hercules  wrestling  with  a  lion,  engraved  in  Mar- 
mora Oxoniensia,  by  Dr.  Richard  Chandler,  1763,  plate 


Ecclesiastical  Maps.  —  Under  this  title  I  would 
ask,  through  "N.  &  Q.,"  whether  there  are  ex- 
tant, and  where  can  be  obtained,  maps  of  England 
and  Wales,  showing  the  extent  and  limits  of  the 
provinces,  dioceses,  and  arch-deaconries  ?  If 
there  should  not  be  such  a  publication,  I  would 
suggest  it  as  a  desideratum  in  topography. 

ARCHIBALD  WEIR. 

[Our  correspondent's  suggestion  is  valuable,  as  we 
have  often  thought  that  something  like  an  Ecclesias- 
tical Atlas  is  much  required.  The  only  attempt  of  the 
kind  that  we  remember,  is  a  series  of  diocesan  maps  pub- 
lished in  the  British  Magazine,  vols.  xix.  &c.,  drawn  and 
engraved  by  J.  Archer  of  Peiitonville.] 

Cousin  German.  —  Will  some  of  your  learned 
correspondents  kindly  enlighten  a  lady,  and  inform 
her  what  is  the  literal  meaning  of  this  term  ? 
Does  it  mean  ordinary  first  cousins,  or  does  it 
mean  the  children  of  two  brothers  having  married 
two  sisters  ? 

A  reference  to  an  authority  will  greatly  oblige, 
and  put  an  end  to  many  discussions. 

EMILY  JONES. 

[The  Encyclopedia  Britannica  gives  the  following  ex- 
planation :  —  "Cousin,  a  term  of  relation  between  the 
children  of  brothers  and  sisters,  who  in  the  first  gene- 
ration are  called  cousins-german,  in  the  second  generation 
second-cousins.  If  sprung  from  the  relations  by  the 
father's  side,  they  are  denominated  paternal  cousins,  if  on 
the  mother's,  maternal.""] 

"Pig  in  a  poke"  —  Can  you  inform  me  as  to 
the  meaning  of  the  old  saying  "  A  pig  in  a  poke  ?  " 

R.  G.  W. 

[Poke,  or  pouch  (Ang.-Sax.  pocca),  is  a  bag  or  sack. 
Hence  "  to  buy  a  pig  in  a  poke,"  is  a  blind  bargain,  to 
buy  a  thing  unseen  ;  or,  as  the  French  say,  "  Acheter  chat 
en  poche,"  to  buy  a  cat  in  a  bag.  Another  proverb  says, 
"  When  the  pig's  offered,  hold  up  the  poke,"  that  is, 
never  refuse  a  good  offer.  ] 

"  Le  Messagerdes  Sciences  Historiques."  —  Where 
is  it  published,  and  through  whom  can  it  be  pro- 
cured in  London  ?  J.  K. 

[This  work  is  published  at  Ghent:  "Gand,  Imprimerie 
de  Leonard  Hebbelynck,  Quai  des  Dominicains,  '/9."  It 
may  probably  be  had  at  Barthe's  and  Lowell's,  14.  Great 
Marlborough  Street;  or  Bailliere  Hippolyte,  219.  Regent 
Street.] 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


DOG-WHIPPERS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  499.) 

In  a  curious  and  rare  engraving  in  my  posses- 
sion, from  a  sketch  by  David  Allen,  who  was 
master  of  the  Fine  Arts  Academy  in  Edinburgh, 
and  died  in  1796,  a  very  ludicrous  instance  of 
dog-whipping  is  exemplified.  The  engraving,  en- 
titled "  Presbyterian  Penance,"  may  date  about 
1760.  The  scene  is  laid  in  one  of  the  old- 
fashioned  country  parish  kirks  of  Scotland,  in 
which,  in  presence  of  the  Sabbath  congregation, 
a  younir  man  standing  upright  in  the  cock  loft  of 
the  gallery  is  undergoing  a  rebuke  from  the  minis- 
ter for  a  breach  of  morality.  Amid  the  mass  (for 
the  kirk  is  thronge'l)  of  grotesque,  sleepy-headed, 
and  amused  auditors,  two  military  officers  appear 
in  the  area,  who  had  brought  along  with  them 
each  a  couple  of  dogs,  which,  not  at  all  impressed 
with  the  sacredness  of  the  occasion,  are  repre- 
sented as  one  pair  worrying,  and  the  other  pair 
courting  rather  kindly.  This  has  excited  to  the 
highest  degree  the  rage  of  the  sexton  (or  door- 
keeper, or  beadle,  as  we  call  him),  who,  with  the 
larsje  key  of  the  kirk  displayed  in  his  left  hand, 
and  with  the  besom  in  his  right,  is  seen  in  true 
earnest  belabouring  the  offenders  furth  of  the 
premises.  Connected  with  the  incident,  the  artist 
had  probably  also  intended  it  as  a  satire  on  the 
system  of  public  rebuking  and  the  "  stool  of  re- 
pentance." 

In  the  bygone  times  in  Scotland,  when  "  sacra- 
ments" and  "preachings"  were  held  in  the  open 
air,  and  country  people  gathered  to  them  from 
considerable  distances,  many  collies  and  other  de- 
scriptions of  dogs  were  to  be  found  attending, 
which  followed  their  masters.  The  former  had 
sometimes  to  he  driven  off;  as,  when  psalm-singing 
beiran,  they  (through  some  sympathetical  feeling) 
were  apt  to  disturb  the  devotion  by  howling.  The 
cattle  browsing  on  the  neighbouring  fields,  perhaps 
impelled  only  by  curiosity,  drew  around  near  the 
precincts  of  the  worshippers,  and  the  whole  to- 
gether presented  a  picture  of  primitive  simplicity 
seldom,  now  to  be  witnessed.  G.  N. 


'  1653.  Itm.   pairle  to  "VFm  Richards  for  whip-     s.    d. 
pinge  the  dogs  out  of  the  church,  from 
Miehselm.  till  Christmas  followinge  -     1     0 
1680.  Pd  to   Ralph   Richards   for  shuting  ye 

church  doores  10  Sundaies         -        -    0  10 
Pd  ye  clerk's  son  for  locking  ye  north 
doore,  and  opening  it  after  praires  is 
done -06 

1729.  Pd  ye  dog  winer  -        -        -        -    2     6 

1730.  Pd  ye  dogwhiper  Hewitt        -         -        -    2     6 
1756.  Pd  Robert  Hewitt  a  quarter's  pay,   for 

looking  after  the  people  in  the  church, 
to  keep  them  from  sleeping       -         -     2    6 
1766.  Aug.  22.  Pd  for  a  dogwip  for  the  church    0    6." 


The  churchwardens  of  Great  Staughton,  in  Hunt- 
ingdonshire, record  these  disbursements.  The 
constables  also,  in 

"  1695,  Pd  for  whippcord  for  the  Towne's  use,  1  ob." 

JOSEPH  Rix. 

St.  Neots. 


I  find  the  following  entry  in  the  vestry-book  of 
Shrewsbury  parish,  in  the  diocese  of  Maryland  : 

"  1725.  May  1.  Agreed  that  Tho.  Thornton  shall  keep 
and  whip  the  dogs  out  of  the  church  every  Sunday  till 
next  Easter  Monday,  and  also  the  cattle  from  about  the 
church  and  churchyard,  for  100  Ibs.  tobacco." 

The  value  of  the  tobacco,  which,  as  is  well 
known,  was  a  legalised  and  much-used  currency 
in  the  southern  colonies,  had  been  fixed,  in  1715, 
at  105.  paper  currency  (equal  to  7s.  6d.  sterling 
of  that  period)  per  100  Ibs.,  thus  more  or  less  con- 
sciously anticipating  a  decimal  system  of  money. 
The  following  year,  1726,  I  observe  in  the  same 
book  that  the  vestry  rate  100  Ibs.  tobacco  at 
10s.  6d.  currency,  which  is  5  per  %  premium. 
Easter  Monday,  in  1726,  should  have  occurred 
on  April  11.  I.  H.  A. 

More  recent  allusion  than  any  given  by  A 
NOT\RY,  or  W.  B.  R.,  is  found  in  a  satiricnl  bal- 
lad (date  October,  1784),  addressed  by  the  Tories 
to  Fox,  the  leader  of  the  Opposition.  After  re- 
commending Fox  to  turn  his  talents  to  preaching, 
it  makes  North  "  officiate  as  clerk,"  and  Richard 
Sheridan  act  as  pew-keeper. 

"  To  comic  Richard,  ever  true, 

Be  it  assigned  the  curs  to  lash, 
With  ready  hand  to  ope  the  pew, 
With  ready  hand  to  take  the  cash." 

See  "Wright's  England  under  the  House  of  Hano- 
ver, vol.  ii.  p.  122.  P.  M.  M. 
Temple. 

The  office  of  dog-whipper  exists  in  Danby 
Church,  near  Whitby  and  Guisbro'.  The  origin 
is  obvious.  The  church  is  situated  in  a  rural  dis- 
trict. Several  farmers  live  many  miles  from  it, 
and  their  cur  dogs  follow  them.  The  whipper  is 
employed  to  lash  the  dogs  and  prevent  their  in- 
trusion into  the  church.  FRA.  MEWBURN. 


ITALIAN-ENGLISH. 

(Vol.  vii.,  p.  150.  ;  Vol.  viii.,  p.  437.) 

The  specimens  of  foreigners'  English  given  ^  by 
your  correspondents  A.  R.  X.  and  M.  PHILARETE 
CHASLES,  are  highly  amusing.  Southey  says 
(Omniana,  vol.  ii.  p.  131.)  : 

"  It  is  curious  to  observe  how  the  English  Catholics  of 
the  seventeenth  century  wrote  English  like  men  who 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


189 


habitually  spoke  French.  Corps  is  sometimes  used  for 
the  living  body  .  .  .  and  when  they  attempt  to  versify, 
their  rhymes  are  only  rhymes  according  to  a  French  pro- 
nunciation." 

The  inscription  placed  by  M.  Girardin  to  the 
memory  of  Shenstone  at  Ermenonville,  is  a  rich 
specimen  of  French-English  verse  : 

"  This  plain  stone 
To  WILLIAM  SHENSTONK; 

In  his  writings  he  displayed 
A  mind  natural 

At  Leasowes  he  laid, 

Arcadian  greens  rural." 

But  the  choicest  philological  curiosity  in  this  way 
that  I  have  met  with,  is  the  circular  of  an  Italian 
hotel-keeper.  This  unique  document,  by  which 
mine  host  of  the  "  Torre  di  Londra,"  at  Verona, 
seeks  to  make  the  advantages  of  his  establishment 
known  to  tourists  of  various  nations,  is  printed  in 
parallel  columns,  in  four  different  languages : 
first,  the  "  Circolare,"  in  his  vernacular ;  next, 
a  German  "Bekanntmachung  ;"  thirdly,  a  French 
"Circubiire;"  and  lastly,  the  English  "Circula- 
tory," which  I  propose  to  copy  verb,  et  lit.  for  the 
edification  of  your  readers ;  interpolating  the  ob- 
scurer passages  with  a  few  words  of  explanatory 
Italian.  It  is  as  follows: 

"  CIRCULATORY. 

"  The  old  Tnn  of  London's  Tower,  placed  among  the 
more  agreeable  situation  of  Verona's  course  (del  corso  di 
Verona},  belonging  at  Sir  Theodosius  Zignoni,  restor'd 
by  the  decorum  most  indulgent  to  good  things,  of  life's 
eases ;  (del  Sig.  Teodosio  Zignnni  restaiirato  con  la  decenza 
la  piu  compatibl/e  al  buon  gusto,  de.lli  agi  della  vita)  which 
are  favoured  from  every  arts  liable  at  Inn  same  (che 
vengnno  favnriti  da  tutfe  le  arti  sotfoporste  all'  albergo 
stesso),  with  all  object  that  is  concerned  conveniency  of 
stage  coaches  (unitamente  a  do  che  interesse  il  comorlo  de/le 
vetture}  proper  horses,  but  good  forages,  and  coach-house ; 
Do  offers  at  Innkeeper  the  constant  hope,  to  be  honoured 
from  a  great  concourse,  where  politeness,  good  genius  of 
meats  (il  buon  gusto  di  cucina),  to  delight  of  nations  (a 
gfnio  delle  Nuzioni),  round  table,  Coffee-house,  hackney- 
coach,  men-servant  of  place  (servi  di  piazza),  swiftness  "of 
service,  and  moderation  of  prices,  shall  arrive  to  accom- 
plish in  Him  all  satisfaction,  and  at  Sirs,  who  will  do  the 
favour  honouring  him  a  very  assur'd  kindness." 

Surely  than  this,  the  force  of  foreign-English  can 
no  farther  go  :  the  German  and  the  French  are 
equally  rich,  but  would  scarcely  be  sufficiently 
appreciated  to  justify  their  occupancy  of  your 
space.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 


HAPHAEL'S  CARTOONS. 
(Vol.  x.,  pp.  45.  and  152.) 

I  beg  to  offer  my  reasons  for  not  admitting  either 
the  "mistake"  imputed  by  E.  L.  B-,  or  the  apology 
offered  by  F.  C.  IL,  that  it  is  not  a  mistake,  be- 
cause the  inaccuracy  was  intentional  ;  and  for  as- 
serting that  the  divine  composition  in  question 


is  free  from  any  imputation,  either  of  anachronism 
or  inaccuracy,  in  any  other  respect. 

I  refer,  in  the  first  place,  to  the  last  chapter  of 
St.  Matthew,  wherein  we  are  told  (v.  16.)  that 
in  obedience  to  the  message  communicated  by  the 
angels  to  the  woman  at  the  sepulchre  (v.  7.), 
"  77if>  eleven  disciples  went  away  into  Galilee,  into 
a  mountain  where  Jesus  had  appointed  them." 
This  was  no  doubt  one  of  the  mountains  on  the 
borders  of  the  lake,  the  scene  of  the  commence- 
ment of  our  Lord's  ministry,  and  of  the  calling  of 
his  disciples.  In  the  uncertainty  how  long  their 
abo'le  might  be  there,  and  it  being  necessary  to 
provide  for  their  maintenance,  those  who  had 
been  fishermen  naturally  resorted  to  their  original 
occupation,  and  these  were  most  probably  the 
seven,  enumerated  by  St.  John,  who  "  went  a- 
fi^hing."  When  they  landed  and  were  aware  that 
their  Lord  was  witli  them,  and  they  had  received 
the  gracious  summons,  "  Come  and  dine,"  it  is  most 
natural  to  presume  that  they  had  sent  intelligence 
of  the  fact  to  their  four  brethren  who  were  not  of 
the  fishing  party,  but  who  were  within  immediate 
call,  and  who  no  doubt  eagerly  hastened  to  the 
spot.  For  my  own  part,  I  have  no  doubt  what- 
ever, but  that  all  the  eleven  joined  in  the  repast, 
and  were  present  at  the  ensuing  conversation  as 
narrated  by  St.  John,  and  as  represented  in  the 
Cartoon ;  and  this  seems  to  me  so  much  a  matter 
of  course,  as  to  account  for  the  fact  of  the  four 
other  Apostles  having  joined  in  the  company  not 
being  expressly  noticed  in  the,  otherwise,  circum- 
stantial detail' of  the  Evangelist.  I,  therefore, 
contend  that  in  this  respect  the  Cartoon  is  per- 
fectly correct,  and  warranted  by  the  Scripture. 

Next,  it  is  assumed  by  F.  C.  H.  that  St.  Peter 
is  represented  as  receiving  the  Keys,  and  that, 
therefore,  what  is  narrated  in  the  last  chapter  of 
St.  John  is  mixed  up  with  what  occurred  before 
our  Lord's  death,  as  narrated  in  the  16th  chapter 
of  St.  Matthew,  v.  19.  Now,  the  Cartoon  does 
not,  in  my  opinion,  intend  to  represent  the  delivery 
of  the  Keys  to  St.  Peter.  His  being  represented 
as  holding  them,  is  nothing  more  than  an  eml>le- 
mntical  illustration,  as  perfectly  justifiable  as  the 
introduction  of  the  sheep.  We  have  no  more 
reason  for  supposing  that  sheep  were  actually 
grazing  by  our  Saviour's  side  when  he  said, 
"  Feed  my  sheep,"  than  that,  on  the  former  occa- 
sion, he  literally  placed  two  keys  in  the  hands  of 
St.  Peter. 

I  have  now  only  to  observe  on  the  composition 
in  an  artistic  point  of  view.  Our  Saviour's  dis- 
course was  individually  addressed  to  St.  Peter, 
and  he  is,  therefore,  with  the  utmost  propriety, 
represented  as  receiving  it  on  his  knees  ;  and  thus 
the  whole  composition  is  divided  into  three  parts  : 
St.  Peter  in  the  centre,  our  Saviour  on  one  side, 
and  the  ten  other  Apostles  on  the  other.  Thus 
the  difficulty  of.  concentrating  the  whole  into  oj--e 


190 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


group  is  avoided ;  one  of  the  chief  commenda- 
tions in  point  of  artistic  effect  being,  that,  by  the 
skilful  variation  of  the  heads  of  the  ten  Apostles, 
the  difficulty  has  been  surmounted  of  representing 
a  numerous  group  of  figures,  the  attention  of  all 
of  whom  is  intensely  directed  towards  one  and  the 
same  object.  M.  H. 


PARING  THE  NAILS,  ETC.  (Vol.  ii.,  p.  511.;  Vol.  iii., 
pp.  55. 462.;  Vol.  v.,  pp.  142.  285.  309.)  :  CRES- 
CENT (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  235.  392.;  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  196. 
319.  653.) 

Your  correspondents  on  the  subject  of  the  ob- 
servance of  times  have  not  noticed  the  remarkable 
fact  that,  among  the  Arabians,  the  paring  of  nails 
on  Friday,  instead  of  being  condemned,  is  reli- 
giously practised.  Pococke,  in  his  Specimen  His- 
torice  Arabum,  writes  : 

"  Dies  Veneris  appellationem  Yaumol'  Jomaa  sortitus 
est,  quod  in  eo  congregentur  homines  [scil.  ad  cultus 
sacros  peragendos]  :  magnis  diem  istum  laudibus  efferunt, 
Principem  dierum  vocantes.  Sciendum  autem  (inquit 
Al  Gazalius)  deum  hunc  diem  velut  honoris  praerogativam 
Islamismo  concessisse,  eumque  Moslemis  [seu  Mohamme- 
distis]  proprium  fecisse,  et  ilium  festum  ipsis  constituisse, 
atque  ipsos  primes  eum  observasse.  Et  praestantissimum 
dierum  quos  superoritur  sol,  esse  diem  Veneris.  Eo  futu- 
rum  diem  judicii  autumant,  et  ut  videamus  quibus  tricis 
implicetur  ipsorum  religio,  inter  csetera  quae  de  eo  nugan- 
tur  diem  esse  prassecandis  unguibus,  praemii  a  Deo  expec- 
tandi  promisso  commendatum.  Qui  die  Veneris  unguem 
prasciderit,  eum  Deus  morbo  liberatum  sanitati  restituit." 
—  Page  317. 

A  correspondent  has  found  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  235.) 
the  origin  of  the  crescent  used  as  a  standard  by 
the  Turks,  in  Judges  viii.  21.,  where  Gideon  is 
recorded  to  have  taken  away  from  Zeba  and  Zal- 
munna,  kings  of  Midian,  the  ornaments  (lunulce) 
that  were  on  their  camels'  necks.  This  appears 
to  be  very  probable ;  but  although  the  regal 
crescents  on  the  war-camels  of  those  Midianitish 
kings  might  naturally  pass  into  the  standard  of 
the  nation,  he  has  not,  I  think,  satisfactorily  ex- 
plained what  led  to  the  adoption  of  the  crescent, 
whether  as  an  ornament  or  as  a  standard.  It  was 
doubtless  selected  under  the  influence  of  religious 
feeling  The  planets,  by  their  rising  and  setting, 
being  as  much  under  as  above  the  horizon,  the 
worshippers  were  at  a  loss  how  to  do  them  honour 
in  their  absence.  To  remedy  this  they  invented 
images. 

"  Hue  confer!,"  says  Huet,  in  his  Demonstratio  Evan- 
yelica,  "  Lunae  cultus  ad  Arabes  et  Saracenos  propagatus, 
ab  his  ad  Turcas;  qui  et  Lunae  corniculatae  effigiem,  velut 
sacrum  quoddam  insigne  praet'erunt.  Hanc  enim  reli- 
gionem  a,  Syris  et  Phoenicibus,  Astartes,  quae  Luna  est, 
cultoribus  acceperunt.  Itaque  ad  Lunae  motus  tempora 
metantur  annua,  et  menstrua  atque  etiam  diurna,  siqui- 
dem  apud  illos,  dies  mensiscuj usque  ineunt  a  prima  Lunae 
"•nsione.  Quapropter  et  auspicari  diem  civilem  solent  ab 
Solis.  Hinc  Muhammedani  ad  primam  Luna? 


faiTiv  vociferantur,  Allah  cobar,  quod  idem  est  ac  Deus 
Magnus." — Page  119. 

The  origin  of  the  crescent  has  however  been,  by 
a  magnus  Apollo,  attributed  to  Mahometism,  as  is 
thus  stated  by  Selden,  De  Diis  Syris  : 

"  Si  Uraniam  seu  Alilat  eorum,  et  figuram  illam  Lunae 
corniculantis  (de  qua  ubi  de  Astarte,  agimus)  serio  co- 
gites,  Mahumedanorum  tnoris  forte,  qui  summis  turrium 
et  meschitartim  fastigiis  Lunulas  imponunt,  ut  cruces 
Christiani,  origo  patebit.  In  honorem  enim  Deaa  (Lunam 
et  Venerem  Deas  distinguere  heic  non  oportet)  insignia 
ilia  antiquitus  collocata  et  sacrata  sentio,  potius  quam  in 

Hegyrae  Mahumedanae  memoriam Tamen  hoc  vult 

Nobilissimus  Scaliqer  quern  videre  licet  ii.  de  Emendatione 
Temporum,  et  iii.  Canon.  Isagogicorum." 

Selden  then  traces  the  use  of  this  symbol  to  the 
Ishmaelites,  and  proceeds  to  show  that,  although 
the  celebration  of  the  Mahommedan  sabbath  is  on 
Friday,  dies  Veneris,  the  sixth  day  of  the  primitive 
cycle  dedicated  to  the  planet  Venus,  divine  honour 
is  then  given  to  Venus  Corniculata,  or  the  moon, 
and  that  the  observance  of  the  sixth  day,  called  by 
them  Giuma,  "  the  day  of  the  assembly,"  is  older 
among  the  Arabians  than  the  time  of  Mohammed. 

"  Sextam  feriam,  ut  supremae  Deae  sacram  olim  Sara- 
ceni  ^Egyptios,  teste  Politiano,  imitati  celebrabant ;  idque 
faciebant  primo  quod  dominium  Veneris  in  primam  illius 
diei  horam  caderet;  Lunae  in  ultimam." — Kircheri,  CEdi- 
pus  jEgyptiacus,  torn.  i.  p.  352. 

The  same  writer  explains  why  the  Arabians  called 
the  moon  magnam  Venerem  and  Venus  parva 
Luna. 

A  numismatic  work,  containing  coins  of  the 
Eastern  Empire,  on  which  the  heavenly  bodies 
are  represented,  having  been  inquired  for  ("  N". 
&  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p  321.),  I  may  add  that  your 
correspondents  will  find  the  sun  on  a  Roman  coin 
described  by  Choul  in  his  work  Delia  Religions 
anticha  de1  Romani,  who  explains  it  as  emblem- 
atic of  the  power  and  triumphant  career  of  the 
Romans.  In  Vaillant's  ftumismata  fmperatorum 
in  Coloniis,  &c.  are  three  coins  of  the  people  of 
Carrha3,  in  Mesopotamia,  whose  worship  of  Luna 
or  Lunus  is  manifested  by  the  crescent  thereon 
represented.  (See  also  Banduri,  Numismata  Im- 
peratorum  Romanorum  passim,  and  Gorii  Museum 
Florentinum.)  BIBLIOTHECAR.  CHETHAM. 


MATHEMATICAL    BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  47.  48.) 

My  thanks  are  due  to  PROFESSOR  DE  MORGAN 
for  his  reply.  I  treated  his  reference  as  applicable 
not  to  the  Histoire,  but  to  the  JEssai.  MR.  DE 
MORGAN  not  having  described  the  latter  work,  or 
its  translation,  I  venture  to  do  so  here : 

Paris,  eighteen-two  ;  Bossut,  Charles,  Essai  sur 
FHistoire  Gene.ra.le  des  Mathematiques.  There  is 
a  "  Discours  sur  la  Vie  et  les  Ouvrages  de  Pascal," 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


191 


and  a  "Notice  des  principaux  Ouvrages  de  Charles 
Bossut,"  at  the  end  ;  neither  of  which  are  appen- 
ded to  the  translation.  Two  volumes  octavo. 

In  the  above,  as  in  the  following  description,  I 
adhere,  as  nearly  as  may  be,  to  the  form  pre- 
scribed by  PROFESSOR  DE  MORGAN  : 

London,  eighteen-three  [Bonnycastle,  J.  ?]  ;  A 
General  History  of  Mathematics,  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to  the  Middle  of  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
translated  from  the  French  of  John  [Charles, 
ante,  pp.  4.  and  48  ]  Bossut.  This  work  is  a 
translation  of  the  Essai.  One  volume  octavo. 

I  have  not  seen  either  the  Histoire,  or  a  transla- 
tion of  it. 

The  paragraph  at  p.  482.  of  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  1821,  noted  by  Ma.  DE  MORGAN, 
contains,  I  find,  a  reference  to  a  preceding  page 
(472.)  of  the  same  volume.  But  at  neither  place 
do  I  see  allusion  made  to  the  fact  of  Bonnycastle 
having  been  connected  with  any  other  work  of 
Bossut  than  his  Histoire.  Hence,  if  the  "  transla- 
tion" mentioned  by  PROFESSOR  DE  MORGAN  (Re- 
ferences, 1842,  p.  7.)  be  a  translation  of  the  Histoire, 
Bonnycastle's  claim  to  the  authorship  of  that  of 
the  Essai  would  remain  unimpeached.  The  coin- 
cidences as  to  the  preface  and  list  seem,  however, 
to  exclude  this  view.  Were  there  no  other  proof 
of  a  translation  of  the  Histoire  than  is  to  be  found 
in  those  pages  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  I 
should  be  inclined  to  doubt  its  existence  ;  and  to 
think  that  the  writers  had  been  misled  by  the 
imperfect  translation  of  the  title  of  the  Essai. 

It  has  been  stated  (Pen.  Cyc.,  art.  BOSSUT), 
apparently  on  the  authority  of  Delambre,  that  the 
Histoire  of  1810  is  a  second  edition  (of  the 
Essai  ?). 

In  addition  to  the  references  which  I  have 
already  given  (ante,  p.  48.),  it  must  be  added,  that 
the  name  of  Geminus  occurs  in  the  text  of  p.  106. 
of  Barocius's  Proclus.  The  index  of  that  work  is 
very  defective  in  regard  to  Eudemus  as  well  as  to 
Geminus.  The  name  of  Eudemus  will  be  found 
in  the  text  of  p.  264.,  in  the  margin  of  p.  69 ,  and 
in  both  text  and  margin  of  pp.  71.  171.  (misnum- 
bered  161.)  191.  212.  and  228.  of  the  edition  of 
Barocius. 

Proclus  does  not,  I  think,  give  the  title  of  any 
work  of  Geminus,  although  he  cites  (p.  71.)  the 
Liber  de  Angulo,  and  (p.  212.)  the  Geometricce 
Enarrationes  of  Eudemus.  He  speaks  of  Geminus 
as  a  philosopher  and  investigator;  of  Eudemus 
(except  at  p.  71.)  as  a  historian. 

It  is  strange  that,  under  these  circumstances, 
Montucla  should,  in  his  first  edition  (Pref. 
p.  xvii.),  mention  by  name  the  Enarrationes  of 
Geminus,  and  yet  omit  to  give  the  title  of  the 
work  of  Eudemus.  In  the  preface  to  his  second 
edition,  neither  work  is  expressly  named. 

That  Proclus  was  indebted  to  Theophrastus, 
must,  I  think,  be  shown  by  collateral  evidence. 


At  least,  I  am  not  aware  that  his  obligations  ap- 
pear on  the  face  of  the  Commentaries  on  Euclid. 
JAMES  COCKLE,  M.A.,  F.R.S.A. 

4.  Pump  Court,  Temple. 


BUSSIAN   LANGUAGE. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  145.) 

The  following  extract  from  Kaltschmidt's  Ger- 
man translation  of  EichhofFs  Parallele  des  Langues 
de  TEurope  et  de  flnde,  Paris,  1836  (Leipzig, 
1 840),  will  answer  authoritatively  several  of  MR. 
CYRUS  REDDING'S  Queries : 

"  The  Slavonian  family  of  languages  which  occupies 
the  east  of  Europe,  divides  itself  into  three  branches :  that 
we  name  the  Servian,  the  Tchechish,  and  the  Lettish. 

"  The  Servian  comprehends  the  eastern  Slaves,  whose 
language  was  the  old  Slavonic ;  for  which,  in  the  ninth 
century,  Cyril  invented  the  alphabet  used  in  his  writ- 
ings. The  Slavonic  has  produced  more  living  dia- 
lects in  Illyria  and  Servia;  one,  the  dead  and  church 
language,  has  been  displaced  in  use  in  Russia  by  the 
Russian,  from  which  it  differs  but  little.  The  Russian 
language,  little  known  amongst  us,  approaches  the  Greek 
and  German  in  its  wealth  in  roots,  in  the  regularity  of  its 
derivation,  and  felicity  of  its  compounds ;  exceeding  the 
German  in  softness  and  euphony :  the  Russian  requires 
only  other  authors,  like  Karamsin,  for  its  further  culti- 
vation. 

"The  Tchechish,  or  second  branch,  that  of  the  west 
Slaves,  includes  the  Bohemian,  formerly  a  cultivated  lan- 
guage, of  which  the  Slovack,  in  Hungary,  is  a  rude 
dialect ;  the  Polish,  like  the  high-minded  and  unfortunate 
people  that  speak  it,  a  lively  and  flexible  tongue ;  and 
the  Wendish  and  Sorbish,  languages  still  uncultivated,  are 
spread  over  the  Saxon  provinces. 

"  The  third  branch,  or  Lettish,  is  that  of  the  middle 
Slaves,  differing  considerably  from  both  the  other,  and  is 
probably  an  elder  branch,  of  which  the  original  language, 
the  old  Prussian,  is  wholly  lost ;  but  the  Lithuanian  and 
the  Lettish,  spoken  in  Lithuania  and  Courland,  offer  to 
the  linguist  very  attractive  materials  for  comparison  with 
the  other  Slavonian  dialects,  whose  original  forms  they 
disclose,  and  with  the  Indian  languages,  from  which  they 
appear  to  have  immediately  sprung." 

The  Slavonic  alphabet  was  supplied  from  the 
Greek  by  Cyril,  and  included  all  the  letters  from 
alpha  to  omega,  except  theta;  and  adding  tsy, 
tchero,  cha,  chtcha,  ierr,  iery,  iere,  iate,  e,  iou,  ia, 
phita,  and  yitsa.  The  Russian  retains  all  these, 
except  ksi,  psi,  and  omega.*  The  oldest  Russian 
writings  are  those  of  Yaroslaf  and  Nestor  in  the 
tenth  century ;  and  of  Theodosius,  Sylvester,  the 
poem  of  Ighor,  and  Simeon  of  Suodal  in  the 
eleventh.  General  information  may  be  obtained, 
scattered  in  Malte  Brun's  Geography,  and  in 
Adrian  Balbi's  introduction  to  his  Atlas  Ethno- 
graphique  du  Globe,  at  the  end  of  which  is  an 
article  on  Russian  literature  ;  but  if  more  know- 
ledge is  sought,  the  Mithridates  of  Adelung  and 


*  Both  have  two  characters  for  beta,  namely  bouki  and 
viedi;  and  two  for  zeta,  namely  jivete  and  zemlie. 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


Vater  will  furnish  the  titles  of  grammars  and 
vocabularies ;  whilst  Eichhoff  and  Kaltschmidt 
will  show  an  admirable  method  of  prosecuting 
such  linguistic  investigations.  T.  J.  BUCK.TON. 

Lichfield, 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Hints  upon  Iodizing  Paper.  —  In  the  calotype  process  I 
believe  the  greater  number  of  the  failures  arise  from  some 
defect  in  the  manufacture  of  the  iodized  paper.  The 
paper  itself  may  not  be  calculated  for  the  purpose,  or  if 
calculated,  may"  be  spoiled  by  erroneous  manipulation ;  I 
am  therefore  induced  to  make  the  following  observations, 
which,  although  they  may  appear  trivial,  will,  I  believe, 
lead  to  good  results.  In  "a  former  communication  I  re- 
commended the  complete  immersion  of  the  paper  in  the 
iodizing  solution.  My  late  experience  has  convinced  me 
that  that  is  an  erroneous  proceeding ;  for  the  good  results 
obtained  are  often  much  deteriorated  by  the  length  of 
time  which  it  is  required  that  the  negative  should  be 
soaked,  in  order  to  secure  the  entire  removal  of  the  iodide, 
for  I  have  often  found  a  negative  which  has  appeared  very 
intense  after  development,  to  have  become  feeble  before 
the  iodide  has  been  completely  extracted  —  it  having  re- 
quired some  hours  to  accomplish  that  object;  and  I  am 
convinced  that  we  cannot  be  too  careful  in  removing  every 
portion  of  yellow  tint,  for  it  not  only  impedes  the  light, 
but  produces  a  mottled  appearance  very  unpleasant  in  the 
positive.  It  has  been  supposed  by  some  photographers 
that  a  small  portion  remaining  is  not  prejudicial,  as  it 
produces  a  softening  of  the  tone  of  the  whole  picture ; 
but  a  negative  really  to  print  well,  should  be  as  white 
and  almost  as  transparent  as  glass. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  most  effective  way  of  apply- 
ing the  iodizing  solution  is  by  means  of  a  camel's  hair 
pencil,  beginning  at  the  upper  left  hand  corner  and  con- 
tinuing it  in  a  serpentine  course  over  the  whole  paper, 
taking  care  that  each  return  of  the  brush  passes  partially 
over  its  last  course,  and  that  a  flowing  edge  is  maintained. 
This  effects  a  perfect  and  uniform  surface  coating,  is  far 
preferable  to  floating,  or  that  bungling  contrivance,  a 
Buckle's  brush,  which  always  causes  a  deal  of  roughness 
on  the  surface  of  the  paper. 

The  expence  of  good  camel's  hair  brushes  has  been 
objected  to  by  some;  I  can  only  say  I  have  never  used 
but  one  solitary  lirush  for  many  scores  of  sheets  of  paper, 
and  that  brush  I  keep  in  an  egg  cup ;  not  washing  it,  but 
putting  it  by  as  used,  so  as  to  be  ready  when  wanted ; 
and  in  this  simple  way,  by  pinning  the  paper  on  a  piece 
of  light  board  (a  sheet  of  blotting-paper  intervening),  five 
or  six  dozen  papers  may  be  prepared  during  the  evening, 
and  soaked  on  the  following  or  some  future  day. 

In  the  after-washing  I  do  not  think  it  is  always  a  proof 
of  the  iodide  of  potassium  having  been  removed  from  the 
paper  when  the  water  in  which  it  has  been  soaked  does 
not  yield  to  the  test  of  the  bichloride  of  mercury.  But 
the  surest  proof  will  be  when  paper  loses  the  yellowish 
or  lemon  colour  which  it  first  assumed,  and  becomes  of  a 
pale  primrose. 

The  old  process  of  iodizing  with  the  two  solutions  is 
extremely  objectionable,  from  the  impurities  of  the  paper 
(metallic  or  otherwise,)  decomposing  the  nitrate  of  silver, 
and  thus,  when  the  papers  are  immersed  in  the  iodide  of 
potassium,  a  number  of  spots  ensue,  which  is  not  the  case 
with  papers  iodized  by  the  double  solution. 

I  would  offer  a  caution  to  photographers,  not  too  hastily 
to  reject  a  paper  as  bad ;  for  many  papers,  which  when 


new  iodize  imperfectly,  undergo  in  the  course  of  time 
some  organic  change  which  renders  them  very  valuable. 

H.  W.  DIAMOND. 

[We  have  the  greater  confidence  in  recommending 
these  suggestions  to  the  notice  of  our  readers,  having  had 
an  opportunity  of  examining  something  like  two  hundred 
negatives  lately  taken  by  DR.  DIAMOND,  some  of  them  of 
the  greatest  beauty :  and  not  one  of  them  that  can  be  con- 
sidered anything  approaching  a  failure.— ED.  "N.  &  Q."] 


to  iHtnnr 

Prophecies  respecting  Constantinople  (Vol.  x., 
p.  147). — The  following  is  a  translation  of  the 
original  prophecy  of  the  expulsion  of  the  Turks 
from  Europe,  taken  from  Sansovino's  Collection  of 
Treatises  relative  to  Turkish  History,  published  A.D. 
1560:— 

"  Our  emperor  will  come ;  he  will  take  the  kingdom  of 
an  Infidel  prince ;  he  will  take  also  a  red  apple  and  reduce 
it  under  his  power.  If  before  the  seventh  year  the  sword 
of  the  Christians  shall  not  be  drawn,  he  sha'll  be  their  Lord 
till  the  twelfth  year.  He  will  build  houses,  plant  vines, 
furnish  gardens  enclosed  with  hedges,  and  beget  some 
huts.  After  the  twelfth  yjearfrom  the  time  he  reduced  the 
red  apple  under  his  power,  the  sword  of  the  Christians  will 
appear  which  will  put  the  Turk  to  flight." 

By  the  red  apple  the  troops  understand  some 
great  city,  supposed  to  be  Constantinople.  The 
periods  of  seven  and  twelve  years  are  mystic. 
Some  suppose  each, year,  like  the  jubilee,  to  com- 
prehend 50  years,  some  a  century,  some  366  years. 

There  is  also  a  Persian  version  of  the  prophecy, 
which  Georgieultz  thus  translates : — 

"Imperator  noster  veniet,  Gentilium  regnum  capiet, 
rubrum  malum  capiet,  suhjugabit  septem  usque  ad  an- 
nos.  Ethnicorum  gladius  si  non  resurrexerit  duodecim 
usque  ad  annos  eas  dominabitur.  Domum  aedificabit,  vi- 
neam  plantabit,  hortos  ssepe  muniet,  et  filium  et  filiam 
habebit.  Duodecim  post  annos  Christianorum  gladius  in- 
surget,  qui  et  Turcam  retrorsum  profligabit." 

There  is  also  another  prophecy  mentioned  in  the 
works  of  the  Emperor  Le<>,  the  philosopher  who 
rei<nied  in  886.  It  is  as  follows: — 

O 

"  Familia  flava  cum  competitoribus  totum  Ismaelum  in 
fngam  conjiciet  septemque  colles  possidentem  cum  ejus 
possessorib.is  capiet." 

He  also  mentions  a  column  in  Constantinople 
the  inscription  on  which  was  explained  by  the  pa- 
triarch to  signify,  that  the  Muscovite  and  some 
other  European  powers  (Russians  and  Austrians?) 
would  take  the  city  of  Constantinople,  and  after 
some  disputes  concur  in  electing  a  Christian  em- 
peror. 

"Patissa  homoz  ghelur  csiaferum  memle  keti  alnr 
capzeiler  iedi  yhulegh  Kelici  esikmasse,  on  iki  yladeirh  on- 
larum  beirlistfiider.  Cusi  iapar  baghi  diker  bahesar  bayh- 
lar  Ogli  Kesi  Olur,  on  iki  yldenssora.  Christiauon  Keleci 
eseikar,  ol  Turki  Gheressine  tuskure," 
are  the  original  Turkish  words  of  the  prophecy. 

ANON. 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


193 


Registration  Act  (Vol.  x.,  p.  144.).  —  J.  P.  A.'s 
Query  may  be  easily  answered,  and  I  am  sorry 
that  the  registrar-general  should  have  been  puz- 
zled on  so  unpuzzling  a  matter — "  which  is  the 
legal  name?"  Let  J.  P.  A.  write  this  question 
out  without  abridgement,  and  he  can  answer  his 
own  Query.  There  never  has  been  a  legal  name. 
Christian  names  have  been  heard  of,  and  sur- 
names, but  a  legal  name  never.  J.  P.  A.  meant 
to  ask,  which  is  the  legal  Christian  name  ?  The 
answer  is,  the  one  received  when  the  child  was 
made  a  Christian,  and  none  other.  In  all  legal 
proceedings  it  may  be  required  to  state  the  Chris- 
tian name  and  the  surname,  but  it  is  not  required 
to  state  the  civil  registration  name.  W.  DENTON. 

The  Domum  Tree  at  Winchester  (Vol.  x ,  p.  66.). 
—  Your  correspondent  MB.  HENRY  EDWARDS  is 
assured,  that  "  Dulce  Domum"  was  formerly  sung 
under  an  old  tree  that  stood  in  the  ground  re- 
cently used  as  a  wharf,  but  now  converted  into  a 
garden.  I  say  this  on  the  authority  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  Sissmore,  late  Fellow  of  Winchester  Col- 
lege, who  died  in  1851,  at  the  age  of  ninety-five. 
He  once  related  to  me,  that  when  he  was  a  boy  at 
school,  it  was  the  custom  to  sing  "  Domum"  round 
the  old  tree  ;  and  that  he  well  remembered  how, 
on  one  occasion,  a  shed  of  some  sort  had  been 
built  round  the  tree,  and  that  the  boys,  before 
singing,  set  to  work  to  demolish  the  obstruction 
vi  etarmis,  while  Dr.  Warton,  the  head  master,  sat 
on  his  pony  close  by,  looking  on  and  enjoying  the 
fun.  MR.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT  says  that  the 
practice  of  singing  there  ceased  in  1773. 

The  tree  standing  in  the  same  piece  of  ground 
now  is  not  the  true  "Domum"  tree,  but  is,  I 
believe,  an  offshoot  of  it.  W.  H.  GUNNER. 

Winchester. 

Prince  Charles's  House  in  Derby  (Vol.  x., 
p.  105.).  —  The  house  at  Derby,  where  Prince 
Charles  Edward  lodged,  was  lately  occupied  by 
Eaton  Mousley,  Esq.  It  is  noticed  and  engraved 
in  the  Pictorial  History  of  England.  I  have  heard 
that  the  room  is  shown  in  which  the  council  was 
held,  when  the  "  Retreat  from  Derby  "  was  de- 
cided on.  I  propose  going  to  see  the  house,  and 
I  will  let  L.  M.  M.  It.  know  if  I  hear  anything  on 
the  subject  worth  communicating.  STEWART. 

Churches  erected  (Vol.  x.,  p.  126.).  — The  in- 
formation required  by  A.,  "  as  to  the  number  of 
new  churches  erected  in  each  county,"  can  only 
be  obtained  through  the  bishop  of  each  diocese, 
and  involves  much  trouble.  It  would  be  less 
difficult  to  obtain  the  number  erected  in  each 
diocese.  A  short  time  before  the  death  of  the  late 
Bishop  of  Salisbury,  he  kindly  forwarded  to  me, 
in  answer  to  inquiries  similar  to  those  of  A.,  a 
return  of  all  churches  consecrated  by  himself; 


distinguishing  new  churches  from  those  which  had 
been  merely  rebuilt,  and  specifying  the  parish  and 
county  in  which  each  was  built.  This  return 
must,  I  presume,  have  cost  Bishop  Denison  some 
trouble,  as  he  requested  me  to  return  the  docu- 
ment to  him  when  I  had  made  the  use  of  it  which 
I  required.  His  death  prevented  this.  As  to  the 
expense  of  each  church,  and  how  much  was  "  de- 
frayed almost,  or  entirely,  by  individuals,"  this 
can  I  believe  only  be  obtained  by  inquiries  made 
in  each  new  parish.  The  gross  amount  A.  will 
find  in  the  last  census.  Let  me  add  that  the 
number  of  new  churches,  and  the  amount  ex- 
pended on  the  buildings,  will  give  no  adequate 
idea  of  church  progress  ;  as  the  following  extract 
from  a  letter  of  one  of  the  bishops  in  answer  to 
my  inquiry,  "  How  many  churches  have  been  con- 
secrated in  your  diocese  ?"  will  show  : 

"  There  have  been,  in  the  last  ten  years,  fifty 
churches  consecrated  ;  of  which,  forty  have  been 
during  my  episcopate.  But  this  gives  an  imper- 
fect view  of  the  case :  for  in  the  same  period, 
besides  these,  seventy-five  churches  have  been 
re-opened  by  me  after  restoration  ;  amounting,  in 
some  cases,  almost  to  rebuilding,  and  varying  in 
their  cost  from  500/.  up  to  3000Z." 

W.  DENTON. 

Church  building  and  restoration  from  1844  to 
1854  in  the  county  of  Leicester  : 

1.  Leicester :  church  built. 

2.  St.  Margaret:  restored. 

3.  Little  Dalby,  restored. 

4.  Waltham  on  the  Wolds :  restored,  open  seats,  chan- 
cel elaborate,  with  three  stained  windows. 

5.  Coston  :  restored,  open  seat. 

6.  Woolsthorpe :  church  built. 

7.  Knipton :  restored. 

8.  Melton  Mowbray:  partially  restored,  externally. 

9.  Thorpe  Arnold :  restored. 

10.  Croxton  Kerrial :  restored. 

All  these  (except  Leicester)  are  in  a  circle  of 
about  ten  miles.  R.  J.  SHAW. 

The  information  which  your  correspondent  A. 
desires  respecting  "the  numlier  of  new  churches 
that  have  been  erected  in  each  county,"  &c.,  can 
be  obtained  by  application  to  the  registrar  of  each 
diocese  in  England  and  Wales.  It  is  customary 
upon  the  consecration  of  every  new  church  for 
the  bishop  to  direct  that  the  deed  of  consecration 
be  deposited  in  the  registry  of  the  diocese  ;  it  may 
not  be  so  easy  to  ascertain  those  which  have  been 
built  at  the  sole  expense  of  individuals,  but  a 
reference  to  the  form  of  petition  presented  to  the 
bishop,  praying  him  to  proceed  to  the  act  of  con- 
secration, would  show  the  names  of  those  most 
interested  in  the  work,  from  whom  farther  inform- 
ation might  be  sought.  A  return  such  as  your 
correspondent  desires  would  be  very  interesting  ; 
and,  I  have  no  doubt,  would  show  that  at  no 
period  since  the  time  of  Henry  VII.  has  so  much 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


activity  been  evinced  in  erecting  sacred  buildings 
as  at  the  present  day.  BEN.  FBRREY. 

Irish  Characters  on  the  Stage  (Vol.  x.,  p.  135.). 
—  See  the  character  of  Antonio  in  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher's  Coxcomb,  where  he  enters  his  own 
house  in  the  disguise  of  an  Irish  footman. 

W.  J.  BEBNHARD  SMITH. 

William  III.  and  Cooper  (Vol.  x.  p.  147.).  — 
William  Prince  of  Orange,  whose  portrait  by 
Alexander  Cooper  was  engraved  by  H.  Hondius 
in  1641,  must  have  been  the  Father  of  our  King 
William  III.,  and  husband  of  Mary  the  daughter 
of  Charles  I. 

It  does  not  seem  likely  that  Samuel  Cooper 
painted  a  portrait  of  King  William  III.  at  about 
the  age  of  twenty-one ;  for  although  Samuel 
Cooper  resided  for  some  time  in  Holland,  he  is 
supposed  to  have  returned  to  England  about  the 
time  of  the  Restoration,  when  YVilliam  III.  was 
only  about  ten  years  of  age  ;  and  I  am  not  aware 
that  he  was  ever  in  England  till  became  to  marry 
the  Princess  Mary  in  1678,  six  years  after  Samuel 
Cooper's  death.  M.  H. 

Sepulchral  Monuments  (Vol.  x.,  p.  152.).  —  I 
do  not  perceive  in  this  note  anything  leading  to 
the  inference  that  C.  T.  in  his  able  essay,  pp.  514., 
539.,  and  586.,  Vol.  ix.,  was  unacquainted  with 
the  Royal  French  effigies,  as  formerly  preserved 
in  the  Musee  des  Monumens  Franqais,  and  now 
restored  to  the  Abbey  of  St.  Denis.  My  only 
reason,  however,  for  observing  on  the  note  is, 
that  in  noticing  the  figures  of  three  monarchs,  the 
date  is  given  of  the  death  of  one  of  them  only,  viz., 
Henry  II.,  which  is  stated  to  be  1580,  instead  of 
1559,  a  noticeable  error.  M.  H. 

"  The  Dunciad  "  (Vol.  x.,  passim).  —  I  have  a 
very  good  copy  of  the  edition  printed  for  A.  Dod, 
1729,  with  the  engraved  title  page  of  The  Ass  with 
the  Owl,  4to.,  and  apparently  in  its  original  bind- 
ing, which  I  should  be  happy  to  produce  to  any 
of  your  correspondents  interested  in  the  question 
I  do  not  suppose,  however,  it  is  very  rare,  as  I 
purchased  it  for  a  trifle  at  a  book-stall  some  forty 
jears  ago  or  more.  M.  H. 

Clairvoyance.  —  With  reference  to  Da.  MATT- 
LAND'S  inquiry  (Vol.  x.,  p.  7.)  I  have  to  inform 
him,  that  Professor  Simpson,  of  this  city,  has  re- 
peatedly given  challenges  of  the  nature  referred 
to.  Unfortunately,  however,  for  the  cause  of 
clairvoyance,  no  one  has  yet  deemed  it  prudent 
to  come  forward  to  vindicate  it  from  such  telling 
onslaughts  and  suspicions;  and  I  doubt  not,  at 
this  day,  the  learned  professor  will  be  quite  pre- 
pared to  renew  his  challenge  "to  all  whom  it  may 
concern."  DAVID  FORSYTH. 

Edinburgh. 


"While"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  100.).  — In  this  part  of 
Yorkshire,  the  lower  orders  invariably  use  while 
for  "up  to  the  time  when;"  and  till  (though  less 
commonly)  is  used  for  '•''during  the  time  when:" 
thus  reversing  the  ordinary  usage  of  these  words. 
Thus,  "I'll  wait  of  you,  white  twelve  o'clock;" 
"  He  never  ate  nor  drunk  nothing,  till  the  fever 
was  so  bad  on  him;"  (both  which  expressions 
were  used  to  me  yesterday).  H.  T.  G. 

Hull. 

"  The  Village  Lawyer"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  493.).  — 
There  has  always  been  a  great  deal  of  mystery 
as  to  the  authorship  of  the  English  version  of 
L'Avocat  Patelin,  which  is  called  The  Village 
Lawyer.  The  MS.  is  generally  understood  to 
have  been  sent  anonymously  to  Mr.  Colman,  and 
to  have  remained  in  his  possession  a  considerable 
time  without  being  noticed.  It  was  first  produced 
at  the  Haymarket  Theatre  on  August  28,  1787, 
for  the  benefit  of  Mr.  Edwin,  and  met  with  great 
success.  Your  correspondent  SIGMA  is  correct  in 
saying  it  has  been  ascribed  to  the  late  William 
Macready.  Mr.  Daniel,  the  writer  of  the  prefa- 
tory notices  to  Cumberland's  British  Theatre, 
appears  to  favour  the  idea  of  Macready  being  the 
author.  On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  Thomas  Marshall, 
in  a  short  biography  of  "  W.  C.  Macready  and  his 
father,"  published  by  Appleyard  in  1847,  says, 
that  in  1794,  the  elder  Macready  "foolishly  suf- 
fered his  name  to  appear  as  the  author  of  The, 
Village  Lawyer,  a  farce  of  which  he  had  not  the 
honour  of  writing  one  line ; "  and  asserts,  upon 
what  authority  I  know  not,  that  the  real  author  is 
Mr.  Charles  Lyons  ;  who,  at  the  time  of  the  farce 
being  brought  out,  was  "  conductor  of  an  academy 
near  Dublin,  where  he  was  living  in  1834." 

Mr.  Adolphus'  remarks  on  The  Village  Lawyer 
are  worth  transcribing : 

"  This  farce,  which  may  probably  with  justice  be 
termed  the  most  ancient  in  existence,  is  derived  from  a 
French  piece  called  L'Avocat  Patelin.  It  is  frequently 
mentioned,  and  its  specific  incidents — the  same  which  are 
represented  at  this  day — are  referred  to  by  Rabelais  in 
his  immortal  history  of  Gargantua.  M.  Le  Duchat  tells 
us  that,  from  internal  evidence,  the  farce  appears  to  have 
been  written  about  the  year  1470.  Early  in  the  sixteenth 
century,  it  was  printed  in  Paris.  It  was  translated  into 
Latin, 'and  went  through  several  impressions  more  or  less 
correct.  Who  was  the  translator  is  doubtful."  —  Me- 
moirs of  John  Bannister,  vol.  i.  pp.  175,  176. 

ROBERT  S.  SALMON. 
Xewcastle-on-Tyne. 

Justice  George  Wood  (Vol.  x.,  p.  102.).  — In  a 
former  communication  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  95.)  I  stated, 
from  Berry's  Hampshire  Visitation  (p.  71.),  that 
Chief  Justice  Thomas  Wood  left  only  a  daughter, 
who  married  Sir  Thomas  Stewkley.  Justice 
George  Wood,  consequently,  could  not  be  a  lineal 
descendant ;  but  he  might  be,  and  probably  was, 
the  nephew  or  grand-nephew  of  the  Chief  Justice ; 


SEPT.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


195 


for  the  mansion,  called  Hall  O'Wood,  in  Balterley, 
remained  in  possession  of  the  Woods  for  two  cen- 
turies after  the  Chief  Justice's  death.  I  forget 
•whether  Berry  gives  the  arms,  but  CESTRIENSIS 
can  easily  refer  to  the  book.  EDWARD  Foss. 

Pedigree  of  the  Time  o/  Alfred  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  586.).  —  Mr.  Fox  was  holding  forth  one  day  on 
the  hustings  in  Covent  Garden,  about  the  "  noble 
house  of  Russell,"  when  an  adjacent  figure  of 
an  agricultural  caste  (broad-ribbed  kerseys  and 
brown  tops — but  this  no  essential  part  of  my 
reply),  exclaimed :  "  I  wonder  who  ever  heard 
talk  of  the  noble  house  of  Russell  three  hundred 
year  ago?"  Mr.  Fox  was  so  struck  with  this 
interpellation,  that,  after  the  meeting,  he  inquired 
into  the  status  of  the  speaker ;  and,  I  understand, 
satisfied  himself  that  he  was  a  Wapshott,  whose 
ancestors  had  held  (what  is  remarkable)  common- 
field  land ;  not,  as  Mr.  M'Culloch  appears  to  have 
asserted,  at  Chertsey,  but  at  Staines,  at  the  period 
of  the  Domesday  Survey.  The  distance  between 
the  two  parishes  is,  however,  trifling.  In  Domes- 
day Book  I  musi  leave  them.  I  cannot,  I  find, 
accurately  remember  who  told  the  anecdote :  it 
was  post-prandial. 

Would  not  an  imaginary  conversation  between 
Wapshott  and  the  present  President  of  H.  M.'s 
council  (the  bagging  of  the  brace  of  fat  abbeys 
not  omitted)  do  for  one  more  production  of  a  cer- 
tain "  old  tree  ?  "B;  ZIHGABO  BELGRAVENSIS. 
|  St.  Kitts. 

Thomas  Rolf  (Vol.  x.,  p.  108.).  — The  name  of 
Thomas  Rolie  is  mentioned  in  the  Year  Books 
from  Michaelmas,  8  Hen.  IV.,  1406.  He  was 
summoned,  with  five  others,  to  take  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Serjeant-at-Law  in  3  Hen.  V.,  1415  ; 
but  all  of  them  disobeying,  they  were  called  before 
the  Parliament,  in  November,  1417,  and  charged 
to  take  the  degree  under  a  great  penalty.  Ibis 
they  accordingly  did  in  the  following  Trinity 
Term.  In  1430  Rolfe,  being  summoned  to  tiike 
upon  himself  the  order  of  knighthood,  pleaded 
his  privilege;  that  he  was  bound  to  attend  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  not  elsewhere,  and 
thus  saved  his  fine,  which  was  probably  the  olject 
of  his  nomination.  In  1431-2  he  appears  to  have 
been  attorney  to  Cardinal  Beaufort  (Hymer,  x. 
500.)  ;  and  died  in  1439.  EDWABD  Foss. 

I  am  obliged  to  W.  T.  T.  for  the  correction  of 
an  error  in  my  "List  of  Monumental  Brasses."  I 
find  I  had  altered  the  word  "judge"  to  "ser- 
jeant-at-law "  in  my  own  copy,  and  I  have  no 
doubt,  from  the  costume,  that  such  was  the  rank. 

C.  R.  MAKNIKG. 

Strord-su-allomng  among  the  Ancients  (Vol.  v., 
p.  2t6.).  —  Your  correspondent  .&  CECIL'S  will  find 
a^very  curious  account  of  what  appears  to  be 


sword-swallowing  in  the  first  book  of  Apuleius. 
The  passage,  however,  is  somewhat  obscure.  A 
boy  is  represented  as  dancing  upon  the  part  of  the 
sword  which  is  left  in  sight.  HENBY  T.  KILEY. 


NOTES   ON   BOOKS,    ETC. 

Encouraged  by  the  great  sale  of  their  edition  of  Foxe's 
Acts  and  Monuments,  M  essrs.  Seeley  have  undertaken  to 
publish  a  Series  of  the  Church  Historians  of  England;  and, 
warned  by  their  former  experience,  have  been  careful  to 
secure  the  assistance  of  a  competent  editor.  Three 
volumes  of  the  Pre-Reformation  Series  have  been  issued, 
viz.  Vol.  I.,  Part  II.,  containing  The  Historical  Works  of 
the  Venerable  Bede ;  Vol.  II.,  Part  I.,  The  Saxon  Chronicle 
and  Florence  of  Worcester;  and  Vol.  II.,  Part  II.,  con- 
taining The  Chronicle  of  Fabius  JSthelwerd ;  Asser's  Annals 
of  Alfred;  The  Book  of  Hyde;  The  Chronicles  of  John 
of  Wallingford;  The  History  of  Ingulf;  and  Gaimar. 
All  these  have  been  carefully  translated  and  annotated 
by  the  editor,  the  Eev.  Joseph  Stevenson,  who  had 
already  given  proof  of  his  fitness  for  such  a  task  by  his 
admirable  labours  on  some  of  the  publications  of  the 
English  Historical  Society.  And  as  lie  sets  out  with  the 
intention  of  giving,  not  the  "  opinions  or  doctrines  of  any 
particular  School  or  period  of  the  English  Church,"  but  of 
selecting  each  author  simply  as  a  chronicler  of  the  eccle- 
siastical events  of  his  own  day,  there  can  be  little  doubt 
that  he  will  produce  a  series  of  volumes  at  once  most 
creditable  to  both  editor  and  publisher,  and  most  useful 
to  all  who  desire  to  study  the  History  of  the  Church  in 
this  country,  and  who,  on  the  one  hand,  may  not  have 
access  to  the  Latin  originals,  or,  on  the  other,  may  not  be 
qualified  to  make  use  of  them. 

"A  marvellous  discovery,"  says  the  Literary  Gazette  of 
Saturday  last,  "  is  pompously  announced  by  one  of  the 
Paris  newspapers  —  nothing  less  than  the  power  of  pro- 
ducing instantaneously  copies  of  engravings,  lithographs, 
and  printed  pages,  with  such  minute  exactitude,  that  the 
most  searching  investigation,  even  by  a  microscope,  can- 
not distinguish  them  from  the  originals.  The  n.cdiis 
vperandi  is  not  described,  and  is,  in  fact,  it  is  stated,  kept 
a  profound  secret  by  the  inventor,  who  is  a  W.  lioyer,  of 
Isimes:  but  it  seen. s  to  rcsen  ble  the  operation  ol  litho- 
graphy. Asa  specimen  of  his  ait,  M.  Beyer  is  represented 
to  Lave  produced,  in  less  than  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  a  re- 
production of  a  sheet  containing,  1.  a  page  of  a  Latin 
book,  published  in  1625;  2.  a  design  from  the  lltiiatiatid 
Loiidcn  Aius  of  April,  1854;  o.  a  page  ircni  a  recently 
printed  biography;  4.  a  page  of  a  book  printed  in  150o; 
5.  an  engraving  of  the  facade  of  a  palace ;  6.  a  specimen 
of  gothic  characters.  All  thefe  were,  it  is  alleged,  imi- 
tated with  such  extraordinary  Minuteness,  that  neither 
the  eye  nor  the  micron  ope  could  detect  the  difleience  of 
a  letter,  a  line,  or  a  spot  between  them  and  the  originals. 
A  great  number  el'  copies  can,  we  are  told,  Le  stiuek  off 
from  the  stone  employed,  and  the  expense  is  alleged  to  I  e 
extren.cly  sirall,  60  per  cent,  at  least  for  printed  vorks, 
and  more  for  engravings.  If  there  be  no  exaggeration  in 
what  is  stated,  AJ.  Lojer's  discovery  \\ill  cfltet  nn  extra- 
ordinary revolution  in  the  printing  and  engraving  j  rc- 
iefsicns:  vith  it  neither  print  nor  Look  caii  josMlJ}  It; 
protected  I'rem  piracy.  It  is  not  denied  tliat  he  h«s  al- 
ready produced  lac-similes  of  rare  old  engravings  and 
bocks."  Whatever  n  ay  be  the  merits  of  Aj.lojers  dis- 
covery, it  -wculd  appear  to  bear  a  striking  rescn.LlyiKe  to 
the  Anastatic  process,  which  certainly  has  not  yet  led  to 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  253. 


the  results  which  might  have  been  anticipated  from  the 
success  which  attended  the  first  experiments  with  it. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Defoe's  Works,  Vol.  II.  (Bohn's 
British  Classics).  Defoe  is  most  assuredly  one  of  our 
classics,  and  the  second  volume  of  this  cheap  edition  of 
his  works  contains  his  Memoirs  of  a  Cavalier ;  Memoirs 
of  Captain  Carleton  ;  Dicko'-y  Cronke,  or  the  Dumb  Philo- 
sopher ;  and  one  of  Defoe's  very  characteristic  tracts, 
Everybody's  Business  is  Nobody's  Business.  The  new 
number  of  Longman's  Traveller's  Library  is  a  reprint  of 
the  interesting  article  Mormonism,  from  the  Edinburgh 
Review,  which  gives  in  small  compass  a  sketch  of  the  rise 
and  progress  of  this  wretched  imposition. 


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Rev.  C.  Colton. 
TOOKB'S  DIVERSIONS  OF  PURLEY,  I  Vol.  or  2  Vols.  8vo. 

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F.  M.  M.  "  Dollands,"  a  cant  name  for  Telescopes  ;  so  called  jokingly 
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NF.WBPRIF.XSIS.  Swan-hopper  is  a  vulgarism  for  Swan-upper —  the 
man  whose  duty  it  is  to  take  up  the  swans  to  mark  them. 

W.  B.  Has  this  corresponrlent,  who  writes  to  its  on  the  subject  of  Gratn- 
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nishing  manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Pnckets,  1«. ;  Boxes,  2*.  M.  Sent 
Free  by  BEET  HAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRTNG.  30.  Westmorland  Stree': 
JACKSOV.  9.  Westland  Row:  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOUT.DING.  ins. 
Patrick  Street.  Cork  :  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street.  Kinsale  :  ORATTAN.  Belfast  ; 
MURDOPK, BROTHERS,  Glasgow  : DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART.  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  OxtnH  Street ;  PROUT.  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE.  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY.  B3.  Oxford  Street ;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

I  \  CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,     WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18  &  22.  West  Strand. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  he  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY. 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
Ixmdon-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  B,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  (ieneva  Levers,  In  Gold 
Cases,  12,  in,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  H.  and  5  guineas.  Superior  l^ver,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  (!old.  27,  23,  and  IP 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  L-uineas  i  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2l.,  Si.,  and  4(.  Ther- 
mometers from  1 1.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Uucen, 

66.  CHEAPSIDE. 


PIANOFORTES,   25   Guineas 

IT  each — D'ALMAINE  fc  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  2S 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianoforte* 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  hearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instrumenti 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  r  cher  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  Toudoir.ordrawin^-room.  i  Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop.  J.  Klew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi.  T.  P.  Chipp.  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen. 
Glover.  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hawe:, 
J.  L.  Hatton.  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kune,  O.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder.  W.  H. 
Montgomery.  S.  Nelson.  G.  A.  Oshorne,  John 
Parry.H.  Punof  ka.  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault.  Frank  riomer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves.  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,  sc. 

D'ALMAINE  Sr  CO..  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


A  LLSOPP'S  P  ALE  or  BITTER 

rl  ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  fc 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent  i  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Duoie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  1 15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM, at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  U.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Pr>fes<ion,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"  ALI-SOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "ALLSOPP 
Si  SONS"  written  across  it. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

1  DION— J.  B.  HOCKFN  &  CO.,  Chemists. 
2s9.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  or 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 
Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 

fuirements  for  the  practice  of  Photography, 
nstruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  !«.,  per  Po.t,  1».  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Foliling  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A  ROSS.  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[NO.  253. 


BOOKS 


TOR     THE     SEA- 
SIDE. 


POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

BRITISH  ZOOPHITES.  By  the  REV.  DR. 
LANDSBOROUGH.  With  Twenty  Plates 
by  FITCH.  Royal  16mo.  10*.  6d.  coloured. 

"  With  this  manual  of  Zoophytes,  and  thai 
upon  Seaweeds  by  the  same  author,  the  student 
can  ramble  along  the  sea-shores,  and  glean 
knowledge  from  every  heap  of  tangled  weed 
that  lies  in  his  pathway."— Liverpool  Standard. 

"Parents  who  sojourn  for  a  few  months  at 
the  sea-side  will  find  him  a  safe  and  profitable 
companion  for  their  children.  He  will  tell 
them  not  only  to  see.  but  to  think,  in  the  best 
acceptation  of  the  term  ;  and  he  is  moreover  a 
cheerful,  and  at  times  a  merry  teller  of  inci- 
dents belonging  to  his  subject."  _  Belfast 
Mercury. 

POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

MOT.LUSCA  ;  or.  SHELLS  AND  THEIR 
ANIMAL  INHABITANTS.  Bv  MARY 
ROBERTS.  With  Eighteen  Plates  by  WING. 
Royal  16mo.  10«.  6d.  coloured. 

"  A  handsome  book,  containing  an  interest- 
ing account  of  the  formation  of  shells,  and  a 
popular  history  of  the  most  remarkable  shell- 
fish or  land  shell-animals.  It  will  prove  a  nice 
book  for  the  season,  or  for  any  time."  —  Spec- 
tator. 

"  The  plates  contain  no  fewer  than  ninety 
figures  of  shells,  with  their  animal  inhabitants, 
all  of  them  well,  and  several  admirably,  exe- 
cuted, and  that  the  text  is  written  throughout 
In  a  readable  and  even  elegant  style,  with  such 
digressions  in  poetry  and  prose  as  serve  to  re- 
lieve its  scientific  details,  we  think  that  we 
have  said  enough  to  justify  the  favourable 
opinion  we  have  expressed.  —  British  and 
Foreign  Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 

POPULAR     HISTORY     OF 

BRITISH  SEAWEEDS,  comprising  all  the 
MARINE  PLANTS.  By  the  KEV.  DAVID 
LANDSBOROUGH.  Second  Edition.  With 
Twenty-two  Plates  by  FITCH.  Royal  16mo. 
10«.  6d.  coloured. 

"  The  book  is  as  well  executed  as  it  is  well 
timed.  The  descriptions  are  scientific  as  well 
as  popular,  and  the  plates  are  clear  and  ex- 

E  licit.    It  is  a  worthy  sea-side  companion  —  a 
andbook  for  every   resident    on    the    sea- 
shore." —  Economist. 

"  Profusely  illustrated  with  specimens  of  the 
various  sea-weeds,  beautifully  drawn  and  ex- 
quisitely  coloured."— Sun. 

PHYCOLOGIA         BRIT  A  N- 

NTCA  ;  or,  HISTORY  OF  THE  BRITISH 
SEAWEEDS  ;  containing  Coloured  Figures 
and  descriptions  of  all  the  species  of  Algse  in- 
habiting the  shores  of  the  British  Islands. 
By  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARVEY.  M.  D., 
M.R.I.  A.,  Keeper  of  the  Herbarium  of  the 
University  of  Dublin,  and  Professor  of  Botany 
to  the  Dublin  Society.  The  price  of  the  work, 
complete,  strongly  bound  in  cloth,  is  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

£    s.    d. 
In  three  vols.  royal  8vo.,  arranged 

in  the  order  of  publication  -    7    12    6 

In  four  vols.  royal  8vo.,  arranged 
systematically  according  to  the 
Synopsis  -  -  -  -  7  17  6 

***  A  few  Copies  have  been  printed  on  large 
paper. 

"  The '  History  of  British  Seaweeds  '  we  can 
Diost  faithfully  recommend  for  its  scientific,  its 
pictorial,  and  its  popular  value  ;  the  professed 
botanist  will  find  it  a  work  of  the  highest  cha- 
racter, whilst  those  who  desire  merely  to  know 
the  names  and  history  of  the  lovely  plants 
which  they  gather  on  the  sea-shore,  will  find 
in  it  the  faithful  portraiture  of  every  one  of 
them."  —  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural 
History. 

LOVELL  REEVE,  5.  Henrietta  Street,: 
Covent  Garden. 


MR.  REEVE'S 
NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Third  and  cheaper  edition,  at  3s.  6<7. 

TALPA  ;  or,  THE  CHRONI- 
CLES OF  A  CLAY  FARM.  By  CHANDOS 

WREN  HOSKYNS.ESQ. 

*»*  Of  the  Original  Edition  at  8s.,  illustrated 
by  GEORGE  CRUIKSHANK,  only  a  few 
Copies  remain. 

INSECTA       BRITANNICA. 

Vol.  HI.  LEPIDOPTERA  TINEINA.  By 
H.  T.  STAINTON.  With  Plates,  8 vo.,  cloth. 
25s. 

TRAVELS  ON  THE  AMA- 
ZON AND  RIO  NEGRO.  By  ALFRED  R. 
WALLACE,  ESQ.  With  Remarks  on  the 
Vocabularies  of  Amazonian  Languages.  By 
R.  G.  LATHAM.  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.  8vo.,  cloth, 
with  Plates  and  Maps.  18s. 

WESTERN  HIMALAYA 

AND  TIBET  :  the  Narrative  of  a  Journey 
through  the  Mountains  of  Northern  India, 
during  th*  years  1847-8.  By  THOMAS  THOM- 
SON, M.  D.  8vo.,  cloth,  with  Tinted  Litho- 
graphs, and  a  New  Map  by  Arrowsmith.  15s. 

CIRCUMNAVIGATION    OF 

THE  GLOBE,  being  the  Narrative  of  the 
Voyage  of  H.M.S.  Herald,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Captain  Henry  Kellett,  R.  N.  C.  B., 
during  the  years  1815-51.  By  BERTHOLD 
SEEMANN,  F.L.S.,  Naturalist  of  the  Expe- 
dition. 8vo.,  cloth,  with  Tinted  Lithographs, 
and  a  New  Map  by  Petermann.  2ls. 

LOVELL  REEVE,  5.  Henrietta  Street, 
Covent  Garden. 


BOTANY. 

THE  ESCULENT  FUNGUSES 
OF  ENGLAND  ;  a  Treatise  on  their  His- 
tory, Uses.  Structure,  Nutritious  Properties, 
Mode  of  Cooking,  Preserving,  &c.  By  the 
REV.  DR.  BADHAM.  Super-royal  8vo. 
Plates.  21s.  coloured. 

PARKS    AND    PLEASURE 

GROUNDS  :  9r.  Practical  Notes  on  Country 
Residences.  Villas,  Public  Parks,  and  Gar- 
dens. By  CHARLES  H.  J.  SMITH,  Land- 
scape Gardener.  Crown  Svo.  cloth.  6s. 

VOICES  FROM  THE  WOOD- 
LANDS ;  or,  History  of  Forest  Trees,  Lichens, 
and  Mosses.  By  MARY  ROBERTS.  Twenty 
Plates.  Royal  I6mo.  10s.  6d.  coloured. 

POPULAR     ECONOMIC 

BOTANY,  illustrated  from  the  Liverpool 
Collection  of  the  Grent  Exhibition  and  New 
Crystal  Palace.  By  THOMAS  C.  ARCHER, 
ESQ.  Twenty  Plates.  10s.  6d.  coloured. 

ICONES  PLANTARUM;  or, 

Figures  with  brief  Descriptive  Characters  and 
Remarks,  of  New  or  Rare  Plants,  selected 
from  the  Author's  Herbarium.  By  SIR  W. 
J.  HOOKER.  F.R.S.  New  Series.  Vol.  V. 
Svo.  1?.  Us.  6'f.  plain. 

THE  CULTURE  OF  THE 

VINE,  as  well  under  Glass  as  in  the  Open 
Air.  By  J.  SANDERS.  With  Plates.  Svo. 
5s.  plain. 

THE   RHODODENDRONS 

OF  SIKKIM-HIMALAYA.  Thirty  Pla'es, 
with  Descriptions.  By  DR.  J.  D.  HOOKER, 
F.R.S.  Folio.  31.16s.  coloured. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  BRI- 
TISH MYCOLOGY.  By  MRS.  HUSSEY. 
Ninety  handsome  Drawings.  Royal  4to. 
71. 12s.  6(1.  coloured. 

LOVELL  REEVE,  5.  Henrietta  Street, 
Covent  Garden. 


Price  3».  6d.,  free  by  post. 

THE  TREE  ROSE.  —  PRAC- 
TICAL   INSTRUCTIONS    FOR    ITS 
FORMATION    AND     CULTURE.      Illus- 
trated by  24  Woodcuts. 

Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  with 
additions. 

CONTEXTS  : 

Annual  pruning  time,  principle  of  execution, 
&c. 

Binding  up 

Budding  knife 

Budding,  time  of  roar,  day,  time  of  day,  itate 
of  the  plant,  care  of  buds 

Budding  upon  body 

BuH,  insertion  of,  into  stock 

Bud,  preparation  of,  for  use 

Buds,  dormant  and  pushing 

Buds,  failing 

Buds,  securing  a  supply  of 

Caterpillars,  slugs,  and  snails,  to  destroy 

Causes  of  success 

Dormant  buds,  theory  of  replanting  with,  ex- 
plained 

Guards  against  wind 

Labelling 

Loosing  ligatures 

March  pruning 

Mixture  for  healing  wounds 

Planting  out,  arrangement  of  trees,  &c 

Pruning  for  transplantation 

Puslr'ng  eye,  spring  treatment  of  dwarf  shoots 
from 

Roses,  different  sorts  on  the  same  stock 

Roses,  short  list  of  desirable  sorts  for  budding 
with  a  pushing  eye 

Sap-bud,  treatment  of 

Shape  of  trees 

Shoots  and  buds,  choice  of 

Shoots  for  budding  upon,  and  their  arrange- 
ment 

Shoots,  keeping  even,  and  removing  thorns 

Shortening  wild  shoots 

Stocks,  planting  out  for  budding  upon  ;  the 
means  of  procuring  ;  colour,  ace.  height  ; 
sorts  for  different  species  of  Rose  ;  taking  up, 
trimming  roots,  sending  a  distance,  shorten- 
ing heads,  &c. ;  saw  proper  for  the  purpose. 

GRAFTING. 

Aphides,  to  keep  down 

Free-growers,  remarks  on 

Graft,  binding  up  and  finishing 

Grafting,  advantage  of 

Grafting,  disadvantage  of 

Operation  in  different  months 

Preliminary  observations 

Roses,  catalogue  and  brief  description  of  a  few 

sorts 

Scion,  preparation  and  insertion  of 
Scions,  choice  and  arrangement  of 
Stock,  preparation  of 

APPENDIX. 

A  selection  of  varieties 

Comparison  between  budding  and  grafting. 

Post-Office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to 
JAMES  MATTHEWS,  5.  Upper  Wellington 
Street,  Covent  Garden , London. 


~\7"ERY    CHOICE    BOOKS.  — 

V  A  CATALOGUE  of  Choice,  Rare,  and 
Curious  as  well  as  Useful  and  Valuable 
BOOKS,  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  on 
Application,  or  sent  by  Post  on  receipt  of  Two 
Stamps.  The  whole  of  the  Collection  is  in 
the  finest  and  most  desirable  state,  including 
most  of  the  Rare  Works  relating  to  Topo- 
graphy and  County  History,  Books  of  Prints, 
Illust rated  Works,  Manuscripts. Missals,  Hpra, 
Breviaries,  &c.  All  marked  at  very  low  prices. 

UPHAM  &  BEET  (late  RODWELL), 
46.  New  Bond  Street,  corner  of  Maddox  Street. 

Libraries  purchased  or  valued  for  Executors. 


'THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 

I      RILLES,    composed    for    the    PIANO 
FORTE  by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 

London  :  Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSDALE.  2t>.  Old  Bond 
Street ;  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 

PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street, in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GBOROE  BILL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunatan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.— Saturday,  September  2. 1854.; 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOB 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


M  Wtoen  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  254.] 


SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9.  1854. 


{Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

oisa  :  —  Page 

Pope  and  the  Pirates        -          -          -    197 
The  English,  Irish,  and  Scotch  Knights 

of  the  order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  200 
Great  Events  from  slender  Causes  -  202 
Bishop  Trelawney  -  -  -  202 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  A  Note  on  Chaucer  : 
Jackeof'Dover  :  Covering  —  Supposed 
Origin  of  the  Expression  •'  He  has 
him;:  up  his  hat"  —  Richard  Graves, 
D.  D.,  Dean  of  Ardasjh  —Matrimonial 
Advertisement  —  Versus  Cancrinus  — 
Submerged  Bells  —  Blackguard  Boys 
—  Indian  Rubber  -  -  -  203 


Queries  concerning  Spenser        -          -   204 
Komau  Inscription,  etc.  -  205 

MINOR  QCKRIES  :  —  Coins  discovered 
near  Smyrna  —  Santiago  de  Compos- 
tella  —  Mediaeval  Vessels  —  Abigail 
Hill  :  Mrs.  Masham  -  Philip  Mas- 
singer  —  Rogers's  "  Poems  "  —  Abga- 
rus's  Letter  —  Gresham's  Exchange  — 
"Love"  —  Silver  Rings—  St.  George's 
Cross  —  Hand-  Grenades  —  St.  Peter  -  205 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  _ 
"Oh  what  a  voice  is  silent"—  Ad- 
dress :  Etiquette  —  Rules  of  Pre- 
cedence —  Harlot  —  Raemundus 
Sebundus—  Mayhem  of  a  Slave—  Blow 
Wells,  near  Tetncy—  Quotations  used 
in  the  Homilies  —  Grants  of  Arms 
temp.  Hen.  VIII.  -  -  -  207 


Salutation  Customs  -  208 

First  English  Envoy  to  Russia,  by  W. 

Beaumont,  &c.  -  -  -  -  209 

"The  >-chool-boy  Formula,"  by  Cuth- 

bertBede,  B.  A.,  Sic.  -  -  -  210 

Unregistered  Proverbs  -  -  -  210 

Clay  Tobacco-pipes,  by  John  Dixon,  &c.  211 

PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE  :— 
Photography    and     Anthropology  — 
Photographic  Manuals  -  212 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  —  Pictorial 
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apeak  afier  he  is  dead  1  —  Milton's 
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VOL.  X.  — No.  254. 


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from  various  writers,  ancient  and  modern,  by 
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aspects,  physical,  social,  intellectual,  and 
moral,  including  the  substance  of  a  Course  of 
Lectures  delivered  at  St.  Augustine's  Mis- 
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PETER  PERCIVAL. 

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THE       HAYMAKERS'      HIS- 
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cites our  curiosity  ;  and  as  to  the  writer,  the 
skill  with  »  hich  the  metre  is  carried  through. 
the  almost  immaculate  correctness  of  the 
rhymes,  and  the  equality  of  strength  which 
pervades  the  whole,  would  indicate  a  poet  of 
some  standing,  although  the  style  resemble! 
none  that  we  remember."— 


GEORGE  BELL,  185.  Fleet  Stre;t. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


VYLO-IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

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Just  Published. 

PRACTICAL    PHOTOGRA- 

X  PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
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Published  by  BLAND  and  LONG,  Opticians, 
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COLLODION  PORTRAITS 
AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
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Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  find  all  the  re- 
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THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
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Maidstone,  Aug.  21. 1854. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

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SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


197 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9,  1854. 


POPE    AND    THE    PIEATES. 


It  has  been  shown,  clearly  enough,  that  no 
reliance  can  be  placed  on  the  dates  of  Pope's 
letters.  No,  nor  on  the  letters  themselves,  when 
published  by  Pope ;  nor,  as  I  believe,  on  the  notes, 
prefaces,  or  advertisements  in,  or  concerning,  Pope's 
Works,  whenever  it  suited  his  purpose  to  mislead 
or  mystify  the  public.  Would  it  not  be  wise, 
therefore,  in  all  doubtful  questions,  to  seek  at 
once  for  secondary  evidence — that  is,  incidental  or 
circumstantial  ?  Thus,  in  respect  to  The  Dunciad, 
let  us  lay  aside  all  that  is  said  in  The  Dunciad 
itself,  and  look  for  facts  out  of  it.  It  is  quite 
true  that  an  inquiry  thus  conducted  is  likely  to 
lead  us  into  a  wide  field  of  speculation ;  but  not 
farther,  I  think,  from  the  truth  than  any  attempt 
to  read  literally  what  was  written  expressly  for 
the  purpose  of  misleading  the  reader. 

MR.  MARKLAND  thinks  it  probable  that  Boling- 
broke  may  have  seen  portions  of  The  Dunciad  in 
manuscript  or  proof.  I  think  it  more  than  pro- 
bable that  all  the  members  of  the  Scriblerus  Club 
had  seen  it,  under  like  circumstances :  quite  cer- 
tain that  Swift,  who  passed  many  months  in 
London,  and  four  of  those  months  with  Pope  at 
Twickenham  in  the  summer  of  1727,  and  only 
returned  to  Ireland  in  October,  had  not  only  seen 
the  poem  itself,  or  so  much  of  it  as  was  then 
written,  but  was  himself  one  of  the  projectors  of 
the  work  —  certainly  as  to  Proeme,  Prdlogomena, 
notes  variorum,  and  so  forth  :  and  that,  while  Swift 
was  staying  at  Twickenham,  he  and  Pope  had  pro- 
ceeded with  their  several  labours,  and  had,  in  fact, 
completed  them  in  rough  before  Swift  left  England. 
As  Sir  Walter  Scott  said,  in  reference  to  Swift's 
suggestions  and  contributions  to  The  Beggar's 
Opera, — while  these  wits  held  their  meetings  at 
Twickenham,  it  may  be  difficult  to  assign  to  each 
individual  his  share  in  a  work  they  were  all 
willing  to  further.  That  Swift  was  willing  to 
further,  did  further,  The  Dunciad,  Pope's  own 
letters  are  proof;  and  the  "meetings"  at  Twicken- 
ham were,  on  this  occasion,  a  residence  of  four 
months.  This  agrees  with  the  statements  of  Pope 
and  Wat-burton.  Pope — whether  read  with  more 
or  less  licence  —  more  or  less  literally  does  not 
signify  —  tells  us,  Swift  "may  be  said  in  a  sort 

to  be  author  of  the  poem  :  for the  first 

sketch  of  this  poem  was  snatch'd  from  the  fire  by 
Dr.  Swift,  who  persuaded  his  friend  to  proceed  in 
it,  and  to  him  it  was  therefore  inscribed "  (note 
-to  preface  to  imp.  edit.)  ;  and  Warburton,  by  way 
of  apology  for  his  own  notes  to  the  edition  of 
1743,  says,  "  some  additions  were  wanting  to  the 
humourous  notes  of  Scriblerus,  and  even  to  those 


written   by   Mr.   Gleland,    Dr.   Arbuthnot,    and 
others."   (Advertisement  prefixed.) 

No  doubt,  many  passages  in  the  letters,  whicli 
would  have  thrown  a  light  upon  this  subject,  were 
suppressed  on  publication ;  but  still  enough  re- 
mains, I  think,  to  prove  the  direct  aid  received 
from  Swift,  and  probably  from  others.  Thus,  ia 
a  letter  from  Bath,  dated  (and  I  think  correctly,) 
Nov.  12,  1728,  Pope  thus  wrote  in  reference  to 
the  quarto  edition,  then  printing  : 

"  The  inscription  to  The  Dunciad  is  now  printed,  and 
inserted  in  the  poem.  Do  you  care  I  should  say  anything 
farther  how  much  that  poem  is  yours  ?  since  certainly  with- 
out you  it  luid  never  been.  Would  to  God  we  were  together 
for  the  rest  of  our  lives !  The  whole  weight  of  Scriblers 
would  just  serve  to  find  us  amusement,  and  not  more." 

In  other,  and  unpublished  letters,  written  to 
other  friends  immediately  after  the  publication  of 
the  quarto,  dated,  aa  I  believe,  early  in  April,  and 
early  in  May,  Pope  thus  wrote  : 

"  The  book  is  written  (all  but  the  poem)  by  two  or  three- 
of  my  friends,  and  a  droll  book  it  is.  They  have  the  art  to 
make  trifles  agreeable ;  and  you'll  not  be  at  a  loss  to  guess  the 
authors.  It  would  have  been  a  sort  of  curiosity,  had  it 
reach'd  your  hands  a  week  ago,  for  the  publishers  had 
not  then  permitted  any  to  be  sold,  but  only  dispers'd  by 
some  lords  of  theirs  and  my  acquaintance,  of  whom  1  pro- 
cur'd  yours." 

In  another  unpublished  letter  Pope  again  refers 
to  the  subject : 

"  You  will  laugh  sometimes  when  you  read  the  notes  to 
The  Dunciad,  and  sometimes  you  will  despise  too  heartily 
to  laugh  (there  is  such  an  unedifying  mixture  of  roguery 
in  the  authors  satirised  there).  The  poem  itself  will  bear 
a  second  reading,  or  (to  express  myself  more  justly  and 
modestly)  will  be  better  borne  at  the  second  than  first 
reading,  and  that's  all  I  shall  say  of  it.  My  friends,  who 
took  so  much  pains  to  comment  upon  it,  must  come  off  with 
the  public  as  they  can.  All  1  wish  to  have  your  opinion 
of  in  relation  to  their  part,  is  as  to  the  morality  and  justi- 
fiable design  in  the  undertaking ;  for  of  what  is  honest 
or  honorable  no  man  is  a  better  judge." 

Having  now  shown  (to  my  own  satisfaction  at 
least)  that  Swift  was  an  originating  or  co-operat- 
ing party,  let  us  trace  the  history  of  the  work  up 
to  publication. 

Swift,  in  a  letter  to  Gay,  quoted  by  MR.  MARK- 
LAND,  inquires  :  "  Why  does  not  Mr.  Pope  publish 
his  'Dulness?'  The  rogues  he  marks  will  die  of 
themselves  in  peace,  and  so  will  his  friends,  and 
so  there  will  be  neither  punishment  nor  reward." 
Now,  no  matter  what  may  have  been  the  exact 
date  of  this  letter,  it  must  have  been  written  after 
Swift's  return  to  Ireland  ;  and  from  it  we  learn,, 
that  the  poem  was  not  published  ;  that  Swift  knew 
it  was  to  be  called  "  Dulness  ;"  that  Pope's  liter.- 
ary  enemies  were  to  be  therein  punished ;  and  that 
he  himself,  as  one  of  "  the  friends,"  was  to  have 
his  reward — honourable  mention  therein. 

But  there  is  abundant  other  evidence,  I  think, 
to  prove  that  The  Dunciad  was  not  published  in 
1727 — the  whole  correspondence,  after  Swift's 


198 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


return,  without  regard  to  exact  dates,  —  Boling- 
broke's  letter  emphatically,  "  Pope's  '  Dulness ' 
grows,  and  it  will  be  a  noble  work," — Pope's  own 
fetter,  wherein  he  announces  that  he  has  resolved 
to  give  his  "Dulness"  the  more  pompous  name, 
The  Dunciad, —  and  Swift's  reply,  "You  talk  of 
this  Dunciad,  but  I  am  impatient  to  have  it  volare 
per  ora" 

Now  began  a  mystification,  as  usual  with  Pope, 
which  troubled  and  perplexed  even  Swift.  I  have 
hazarded  an  opinion  that  the  whole  scheme,  "  verse 
and  prose,"  had  been  agreed  on  before  Swift  left 
London  :  but  in  May,  1728,  Swift  had  been  ap- 
prised of  some  contemplated  change.  In  a  letter 
to  Pope,  he  says  : 

"  Your  long  letter  was  the  last  I  received  till  this  by 
Mr.  Delany,  although  you  mention  another  since.  The 
Dr.  told  me  your  secret  'about  The  Dunciad,  which  does  not 
please  me,  because  it  defers  gratifying  my  vanity  in  the 
most  tender  point,  and  perhaps  may  wholly  disappoint  it." 

What  was  this  secret  about  The  Dunciad — this 
change  which  deferred  gratifying  the  Dean's  vanity  ? 
Why,  the  publication  of  the  poem  without  the  Com- 
mentary of  Scriblerus ;  without  the  honourable 
mention  of  "  Dean,  Draper,  BickerstafF,  or  Gulli- 
ver : "  to  which  description,  or  inscription,  Pope  had 
made  flattering  additions  since  Swift  left  London, 
and  of  which  he  had  apprised  him.  In  proof,  the 
publication  of  the  poem,  without  the  Commentary, 
immediately  followed.  But  publication  was  pre- 
ceded, as  usual  with  Pope  on  like  occasions,  with 
some  preliminury  abuse,  just  to  awaken  public 
attention.  Thus,  on  May  11,  there  appeared  a 
letter  in  The  Daily  Journal,  signed  A.  B.,  wherein 
the  public  were  informed  that  "  notwithstanding 
his  ignorance  and  his  stupidity,  this  animalculum 
of  an  author  is  forsooth!  at  this  very  juncture 
writing  '  The  Progress  of  Dulness.'  " 

On  May  18,  appeared  the  following  advertise- 
ment : 

"This  day  is  published  The  Dunciad,  an  Heroick 
Poem,  in  3  Books.  Dublin  Printed,  London  Reprinted 
for  A.  Dodd,  1728." 

When  I  remember  how  short  a  time  had  elapsed 
since  Bulingbroke  had  reported  that  Pope  was 
still  laboring  and  polishing — how  very  short  a 
time  since  Pope  himself  announced  the  change  of 
name  —  I  cannot  but  believe  that  the  resolution 
to  alter  the  proposed  course  of  action  and  to 
bring  out  an  edition  of  the  poein  only  was  taken 
hurriedly  ;  and  this  opinion  is  strengthened  by 
the  Address  prefixed,  from  "  the  publisher  to  the 
reader,"  which  must,  I  think,  have  been  written 
to  introduce  the  work  as  originally  designed,  and 
as  it  subsequently  appeared  in  the  quarto,  with  the 
Prolegomena  and  notes.  What  else  could  be 
referred  to  in  the  following  paragraph  ? 

"  That  he  [the  author]  was  in  his  [Pope's]  peculiar 
intimacy,  appears  from  the  knowledge  he  manifests  of  the 
most  private  authors  of  all  the  anonymous  pieces  against  him." 


The  knowledge  —  the  precise  knowledge — 
which  Pope  obtained  on  this  subject,  was  indeed 
so  remarkable  as  to  have  excited  the  attention 
and  speculation  of  the  commentators ;  but  it  is 
precisely  the  knowledge  which  did  not  appear  in 
this  edition — did  not  appear  until  the  publication 
of  the  quarto.  Pope  then  enlarged  his  canvass, 'and 
sketched  in  the  commentators  on  The  Dunciad,  but 
he  registered  their  works  under  a  separate  heading. 

Appended  to  this  edition,  is  an  announcement 
that  "Speedily  will  be  published,  'The  Progress 
of  Dulness,  an  Historical  Poem,  by  an  eminent 
Hand ;'  "  and  on  the  25th,  the  public  appetite  was 
stimulated  by  a  paragraph  affixed  to  an  advertise- 
ment of  The  Dunciad,  the  "  '  Progress  of  Dulness' 
will  serve  for  an  explanation  of  this  poem." 
Whether  this  announcement  suggested  the  work, 
subsequently  published  under  that  title,  we  cannot 
know  :  enough,  that  it  was  not  Pope's  "Dulness" 
which  is  here  announced.  Yet  the  juxtaposition 
suggests  to  me  that  the  person  who  drew  up  the 
advertisement  had  a  more  intimate  knowledge  of 
Pope,  and  Pope's  friends,  their  feelings  and  inten- 
tions, than  could  have  been  gleaned  from  a  stolen 
copy  or  a  pirated  edition  of  The  Dunciad.  In  fact, 
that  he  had  been  instructed  how  to  advertise ;  as 
Curll  was  subsequently  instructed  how  to  adver- 
tise the  "  pirated"  edition  of  the  Letters.  It  will 
indeed  be  found,  that  the  proceedings  in  respect 
to  the  pirated  edition  of  The  Dunciad  were  the 
model  of  those  pursued  in  respect  to  the  "  pi- 
rated" Letters. 

I  cannot  doubt  that  this  was  the  first  edition  of 
The  Dunciad,  and  other  circumstances  tend  to 
strengthen  that  opinion.  Smedley,  who  was  sub- 
stituted for  Eusden  in  the  later  editions,  won  for 
himself  a  place  in  The  Dunciad  by  the  publication 
of  "  Gulliveriana,  or  a  Fourth  Volume  of  the  Miscel- 
lanies, being  a  sequel  to  the  three  volumes  pub- 
lished by  Pope  and  Swift."  Now,  the  two  first 
volumes  of  the  Miscellanies,  Scott  says,  were 
published  in  the  middle  of  March,  1727,  and  the 
success  was  so  rapid  that  they  were  speedily  fol- 
lowed by  a  third.  It  was  avowedly  the  unwar- 
rantable liberties  taken  with  the  character  of 
others  in  this  third  volume,  that  suggested  the 
Gulliveriana,  which  is  a  substantial  octavo  of  350 
pages,  and  bears  date  on  the  title-page  1728.  It 
is  reasonably  certain,  I  think,  that,  if  The  Dunciad 
had  been  published  before  the  Gulliveriana,  Smed- 
ley would  not  have  lost  the  opportunity  of  strength- 
ening his  charges  of  "unwarrantable  liberties"  and 
personalities  by  some  reference  to  it,  even  though 
it  were  but  in  a  paragraph  or  a  note  to  the  dedi- 
cation or  preface. 

On  May  27  the  advertisement  of  The  Dunciad 
appeared,  with  the  following  quotation  from  Mil- 
ton: 

"  He  as  an  Herd 
Of  Goats  and  timorcus  flocks  together  thronged 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


199 


Drove  them  before  him,  Thunderstruck  pursued 
Into  the  vast  Abyss." 

On  the  29th  was  advertised  A  Compleat  Key  to 
the  Dunciad ;  with  a  Character  of  Mr.  Pope  and 
his  profane  Writings,  by  Sir  Richard  Blackmore, 
Knight,  M.  D. :  printed  for  A.  Dodd,  without 
Temple  Bar,  and  sold  by  E.  Curll,  in  the 
Strand. 

These  proceedings  were  so  rapid  as  to  suggest 
a  foregone  conclusion.  Farther,  be  it  observed, 
these  advertisements  were  of  a  character  to  give 
force  and  point  to  Pope's  satire.  Sir  Richard 
Blackmore,  for  example,  who  was  satirised  in  the 
poem,  and  whose  works  figure  in  the  engraved 
title-page,  is  the  announced  compiler  of  the  Key ; 
and  throughout  the  Key  there  is  a  manifest  in- 
tention to  justify  the  satirist :  indeed  the  Key 
serves  the  purpose  of  the  more  elaborate  notes, 
previously  prepared,  and  which  subsequently  ap- 
peared in  the  quarto. 

Again,  and  the  fact  deserves  to  be  noticed,  the 
first  edition  of  the  Key,  as  no  doubt  the  reader 
will  have  observed,  was  "printed  for  [this  same] 
A.  Dodd,"  the  publisher  of  The  Dunciad,  and 
"sold  by  E.  Curll,  in  the  Strand."  From  the 
second  edition  Dodd's  name  was  omitted,  and  no- 
tice given,  "  A  Dodd  is  forbid  selling  any  more 
Key,  on  pain  of  Mr.  Pope's  displeasure."  Not  a 
word  as  to  Pope's  being  displeased  with  Dodd 
for  having  pirated,  or  printed,  or  sold  the  poem 
itself! 

So  soon  as  printed,  and  probably  before  it  was 
publishedjPopehad,  Ithink,  sent  a  copy  to  the  Dean, 
for  the  express  purpose  of  having  it  "piratically" 
published  in  Dublin  ;  and  it  may  be  that  the  Dean 
referred  to  this  copy  of  Dodd's  "  Dublin  printed," 
when  he  said  that  he  had  run  over  The  Dunciad 
in  an  Irish  edition  which  a  gentleman  sent  me." 
Be  this  as  it  may,  a  piratical  edition  was  imme- 
diately published  in  Dublin  by  Faulkner,  who,  as 
is  well  known,  was  a  protege  of  Swift's.  This 
Dublin  edition  is  an  exact  reprint  of  the  London 
edition,  differing  only  in  this, — that  in  the  London 
edition  initials  are  given,  which  were  explained  in 
a  Key  simultaneously  published,  or  published 
•within  a  few  days,  whereas  in  the  Dublin  edition 
the  names  are  printed. 

Your  correspondent  C.  asks,  as  I  understand 
him,  "  for  information  about  any  edition  published 
in  Dublin  and  London  prior  to  one  in  12mo.  pub- 
lished in  London  by  '  Lawton  Gulliver '  without 
date."  Both  these  editions  by  Dodd,  and  this 
Dublin  reprint,  preceded  the  quarto,  and  the 
quarto  preceded  the  Gilliver,  as  is  proved  by 
notes  and  references  (pp.  66.  and  68.)  in  Gilli- 
ver. As  this  Dublin  edition  has  never  been  re- 
ferred to  by  your  correspondents,  and  for  other 
obvious  reasons,  I  will  copy  the  title-page  after  its 
own  typographical  form  : 


"THE 
DUNCIAD. 


AN 

HEROIC      POEM. 


IN 
THREE  BOOKS. 


WRITTEN   BY  MR.   POPE. 


Printed,  and  Dublin  Reprinted  by  and  for  G.  Faulkner, 
J.  Hoey,  J.  Leathlev,  E.  Hamilton,  P.  Crampton,  and  T. 
Benson,  1728." 

The  reader  will,  no  doubt,  observe,  that  as 
Dodd's  edition  was  announced  as  "  Dublin  Printed, 
London  Reprinted,"  so  this  of  Faulkner's  is  stated' 
to  be  " London  Printed,  Dublin  Reprinted;"  all 
the  arguments,  therefore,  which  rest,  on  the  avowed" 
republication  by  Dodd  from  a  Dublin  edition 
lose  their  force  and  significance. 

Swift  still  continued  dissatisfied  with  this  imper- 
fect publication  ;  his  "  vanity  "  was  mortified,  and 
Pope  hurried  to  announce  "  that  The  Dunciad  is 
going  to  be  printed  in  all  pomp,  with  the  inscrip- 
tion [to  the  Dean]  which  makes  me  proudest.  It 
will  be  attended  with  Proeme,  Prologomena,  Tes- 
timonia  Scriptorum,  Index  Authorum,  and  Notes 
variorum  ; "  in  brief,  printed  as  originally  designed 
and  prepared  for.  But  Swift  could  see  nothing, 
think  of  nothing,  but  the  actual  edition  before 
him,  and  suggests  that  the  quarto  should  contain: 
precisely  what  Pope  had  told  him  it  would  con- 
tain ;  as  he  himself  subsequently  remarks,  "I  am 
now  reading  your  preceding  letter  of  June  28, 
and  find  that  all  I  have  advised  above  is  men- 
tioned there."  Still  he  is  not  quite  clear  on  the 
subject,  and  asks,  among  other  questions,  one  that 
bears  curiously  on  the  subject  under  discussion : 
"  Is  the  quarto  to  come  out,  &c.,  with  all  his  pomp 
of  prefaces,  &c.,  and  among  many  complaints  of 
spurious  editions  ?  "  From  which  it  is  obvious,  I 
think,  that  "  a  complaint  of  spurious  editions " 
was  the  original  intention  —  agreed  on  from  the 
first  —  as  a  sort  of  apology  for  the  contemplated 
Commentary ;  but  Pope  had  decided  that  real 
editions  of  the  Poem  —  of  the  poem  only,  and  to 
be  denounced .  as  spurious  —  would  be  more 
effective,  and  he  had  acted  accordingly. 

In  the  autumn  Pope  reports  progress;  informs 
the  Dean  that  "  the  inscription  to  The  Dunciad  is 
now  printed  and  inserted  in  the  poem."  The 
quarto  was  probably  not  published  until  April, 
1729,  not  until  after  it  had  been  presented  to  the 
king  by  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  a  fact  referred  to  in 
the  notes  to  Gilliver's  dateless  edition,  and  men- 
tioned by  Arbuthnot  in  a  letter  to  Swift,  dated 
19th  March,  1728-9. 

"  The  king  upon  the  perusal  of  the  last  edition  of  The 
Dunciad  declared  he  [Pope]  was  a  very  honest  man." 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[NO.  254. 


Pope  now  proceeded,  as  subsequently  with 
Tespect  to  what  he  called  the  piratical  and  frau- 
dulent publication  of  his  Letters.  In  the  one 
case  he  moved  the  House  of  Lords,  in  the  other 
the  Court  of  Chancery,  and  in  both  instances  took 
care  to  fail. 

"  Mr.  Pope,"  writes  Arbuthnot,  in  June  1729,  "  is  well ; 

he  had  got  an  injunction  in  Chancery  against  the  printers 

who  had  pirated  his  Dunciad;  it  was  dissolved  again  be- 

^  cause  the  printer  could  not  prove  any  property ;  nor  did  the 

author  appear." 

I  have  now  come  down  to  the  edition  of  Gil- 
liver,  and  henceforth  it  is  all  comparatively  smooth 
sailing.  Genuine  and  piratical  editions  were  still 
published,  but  are  easily  distinguished.  Mr.  Car- 
ruthers,  indeed,  refers  to  a  quarto  edition  printed 
by  Gilliver.  I  have  never  seen  it.  C.  assumes,  as 
I  do,  that  the  quarto  referred  to,  even  by  Gilliver 
himself,  who  speaks  of  remaining  copies,  is  the 
quarto  published  by  A.  Dod. 

No  doubt  much  that  I  have  said  is  merely  spe- 
culative ;  but  all,  I  believe,  is  founded  on  fact.  I 
should  not  have  chosen  to  hazard  a  formal  opinion 
on  the  subject,  but  for  the  direct  request  (Vol.  x., 
p.  110.). 

THE  WRITER  OF  THE  ARTICLES  IN  THE 
ATHEN^UM. 


THE  ENGLISH,  IRISH,  AND  SCOTCH  KNIGHTS   OF   THE 
ORDER    OF    ST.    JOHN    OF    JERUSALEM. 

(Continued  from  p.  177.) 

Dudley,  George.  On  the  12th  day  of  October, 
1557,  George  Dudley,  an  English  Knight,  who 
some  years  before  (1545)  had  been  received  into 
the  Venerable  Language  of  England,  as  a  military 
brother,  and  who  in  the  schism  and  division  stirred 
up  by  Henry  VIII,  King  of  England,  against  the 
Catholic  church,  had  followed  that  error,  had 
taken  a  wife,  had  adhered  to  the  said  schism,  and 
had  abandoned  his  habit,  being  penitent,  came  in 
the  Convent,  and  having  asked  pardon  of  the 
Order  for  his  previous  conduct,  the  same  was 
granted  by  the  Right  Rev.  Lord  the  Grand 
Master,  and  bis  venerable  council.  But  the  great 
favour  it  was  to  be  understood  had  not  been 
granted,  without  it  having  first  been  satisfactorily 
proved  that  the  said  George  Dudley  had  become, 
through  his  humiliation  and  prayers,  absolved  from 
his  apostacy  and  other  crimes  by  him  committed, 
and  reconciled  and  restored  to  the  bosom  of  the 
holy  mother  church.  He  was  therefore  pardoned, 
and  re-admitted  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Order, 
and  of  the  brothers  thereof. 

On  the  llth  of  May,  1558,  it  was  decided  by 
the  Right  Rev.  Lord  the  Grand  Master,  and  the 
Venerable  Council,  that  on  account  of  the  poverty 
of  the  brother  George  Dudley,  at  present  the  only 


English  brother  of  the  Venerable  Language  of 
England,  permission  should  be  granted  for  him  to 
sue  for,  exact,  and  recover,  all  the  revenues  and 
rents  of  houses  belonging  to  the  said  Language, 
existing  in  the  New  Town  of  Valetta,  from  any 
and  all  of  the  tenants,  and  to  give  receipts  for  the 
same  so  long  as  the  Venerable  Language  be  con- 
gregated and  exist  in  the  Convent.  Vide  Latin 
Manuscripts  of  the  Order,  1557, 1558. 

Fairfax,  Nicholas,  was  fifth  son  of  Richard 
Fairfax,  of  Walton,  co.  York,  and  his  wife  Eus- 
tacia,  daughter  and  heiress  of  John  Carthorp. 
His  elder  brother  was  ancestor  of  the  Viscounts 
Fairfax,  extinct  in  1772;  and  from  his  third 
brother  Guy  descended  the  Lords  Fairfax  of  Ca- 
meron, known  to  be  still  extant,  and  domiciliated 
in  the  United  States  of  America.  Vide  "  N.  & 
Q.,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  379. ;  Thoresby,  67. ;  Douglas's 
Peerage,  vol.  i.  p.  559.  fol. 

Irvine,  James,  fifth  son  of  Alexander  Irvine, 
Younger,  of  Drum,  in  the  co.  of  Aberdeen  (who 
was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Pinkie  in  the  lifetime  of 
his  father),  and  his  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Ogilvie  of  Findlater,  was  ordained  by  the  Grand 
Master,  Prior  of  Scotland.  Vide  Burke,  637. 

Leighton,  Cuthbert,  second  son  of  John  Leigh- 
ton,  of  Stretton,  co.  Salop,  and  Anchoret,  daugh- 
ter and  co-heir  of  Sir  John  Burgh,  of  Wallesbo- 
rough,  in  the  same  county.  This  knight,  at  the 
dissolution  of  the  religious  houses,  had  a  particular 
pension  allowed  him  by  act  of  parliament.  Vide 
Playfair's  Baronett.,  vol.  vi.,  Appendix  cxlv. 

Massingberd,  Oswald,  second  son  of  Sir  Thomas 
Massingberd,  of  Sutton,  co.  of  Lincoln,  and  his 
wife  Joan,  daughter  and  heiress  of  John  Braytoft, 
of  Braytoft,  in  the  same  county.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Prior  of  Ireland  at  the  recommendation 
of  Cardinal  Pole,  and  afterwards  Turcopolier  of 
the  Order  in  succession  to  Sir  Nicholas  Upton. 
While  Massingberd  was  residing  in  Malta  he 
appears  to  have  been  in  continual  trouble,  either 
with  the  Grand  Master,  or  his  brother  knights, 
the  Captain  Di  Verga,  Jurats  of  the  island,  or 
people.  The  accusations  under  different  periods, 
which  are  now  to  be  found  recorded  against  him, 
were  for  murder,  theft,  oppression,  and  other  un- 
justifiable acts.  That  he  was  guilty  of  murder  in. 
killing  four  slaves,  and  for  committing  this  atro- 
cious crime  was  only  condemned  to  be  deprived 
of  his  habit  for  two  days,  and  for  a  brief  period  to 
lose  his  dignity  of  a  commander,  has  already  been 
published  'in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  418.  His  un- 
principled character  in  other  respects  will  be  seen 
by  referring  to  the  official  Latin  Manuscripts  of 
the  Order  of  St.  John,  now  in  the  Record  Office. 
Under  date  of  the  30th  of  August,  1552,  there  is 
a  record  of  which  the  following  is  a  correct  trans- 
lation. 

The  Right  Reverend  Lord,  the  Grand  Master, 
and  Venerable  Council,  having  heard  the  report 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


201 


of  the  commanders  deputed  to  inquire  into  the 
complaint  preferred  by  the  noble,  Paolo  Fiteni, 
against  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  Turcopolier, 
Brother  Oswald  de  Massingberd,  for  having 
forcibly  entered  his  house  and  violently  taken 
therefrom  a  certain  female  slave,  with  her  daugh- 
ter, whom  he  had  recently  purchased  from  the 
Order,  and  for  having  struck  him  with  his  fist ; 
and  also  having  heard  the  said  De  Massingberd 
in  contradiction,  who  pretended  that  the  above- 
mentioned  Paul  could  in  no  way  have  purchased 
the  female  slave,  as  she  had  previously  been 
branded  Avith  certain  marks  in  his  name,  as  is  cus- 
tomary and  usual  on  similar  occasions,  and  that 
therefore  the  preference  in  the  purchase  of  the 
said  slave  appertained  to  him,  De  Massingberd, 
do  now,  after  mature  deliberation,  condemn  the 
said  De  Massingberd  to  restore  the  above-men- 
tioned female  slave  with  her  daughter,  to  Fiteni, 
and  order  that  they  shall  be  restored  accordingly. 
In  continuation,  as  regards  the  force  and  violence 
used,  they  furthermore  decree  that  he  shall  remain 
and  be  kept  for  two  months  within  his  own  resi- 
dence, and  that  for  this  period  he  shall  not  be  per- 
mitted to  leave  it. 

It  was  very  fortunate  for  the  complainant  in 
this  case  that  he  was  a  nobleman  :  had  it  been 
otherwise,  it  is  very  possible  he  would  not  have 
obtained  such  ample  satisfaction  for  the  temporary 
loss  of  his  slaves,  and  indignity  of  receiving  a 
blow.  Vide  Burke. 

Massingberd,  Sir  Thomas,  father  of  the  above- 
named,  became,  on  the  decease  of  his  wife,  a 
Knight  of  St.  John,  during  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 
He  died  25th  May,  A.D.  1552. 

Newdigate  Silvester,  Newdigate  Dunstan,  se- 
cond and  third  sons  of  John  Newdigate,  of  Hare- 
field,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  by  Amphilicia 
his  wife,  daughter  of  John  Neville,  of  Sutton,  in 
Lincolnshire.  Their  fourth  brother,  Sebastian, 
from  being  a  courtier,  became  on  the  death  of  his 
wife,  A.D.  1524,  a  Carthusian  monk,  and  suffered 
death  on  the  scaffold,  18th  June,  1527,  for  deny- 
ing and  opposing  the  supremacy  of  Henry  VIII. 
Vide  Cott.  MSS.,  Otho,  c.  ix. 

Newport,  Thomas,  of  a  distinguished  Shrop- 
shire family,  was  Turcopolier,  A.D.  1500.  Being 
anxious  to  reach  Rhodes  at  the  time  of  the  siege, 
with  considerable  reinforcements  under  his  com- 
mand, he  insisted  on  embarking  during  a  violent 
tempest,  against  all  advice,  and  was  lost  at  sea  on 
the  coast  of  Kent  with  all  his  equipage.  Vide 
Boisgelin,  Vertot,  vol.  viii.  p.  7.  fol. 

Roberts,  Nicholas.  There  is  a  letter  extant 
from  this  knight  addressed  to  the  Earl  of  Sussex, 
giving  an  account  of  the  siege  of  Rhodes. 

Rogers,  Anthony,  was  third  son  of  Sir  John 
Rogers  of  Brianstone,  in  the  county  of  Dorset,  by 
his  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Courtenay,  of  Powderham,  in  the  co.  of  Devon. 


His  elder  brother,  Sir  John  Rogers,  married  Ca- 
therine, niece  of  Sir  William  Weston,  the  Grand 
Prior.  Vide  Cott.  MSS.,  Otho,  c.  ix. ;  also  Harl 
MSS.,  1451.  2186. 

Sandilands,  James,  second  son  of  Sir  James 
Sandilands,  of  Calder,  and  Mariota,  daughter  of 
Archibald  Forrester,  of  Corstorphine,  was  recom- 
mended to  the  Grand  Master  by  Sir  Walter 
Lyndsay  as  a  person  well  qualified  to  succeed  him 
in  the  dignity  of  Praeceptor  of  Torphicen,  and  on 
the  death  of  Sir  Walter  he  succeeded  in  the  title 
accordingly.  He  was  often  employed  in  nego- 
tiations of  importance  with  England,  and  con- 
formed to  the  Protestant  religion  in  1553.  Having 
been  sent  to  France  in  1560  by  the  Congregation 
Parliament,  to  lay  their  proceedings  before 
Francis  and  Mary,  the  Cardinal  of  Lorrain  loaded 
him  with  reproaches,  accusing  him  of  violating  his 
obligations  as  a  knight  of  a  holy  order ; .  and  not- 
withstanding all  his  efforts  to  soothe  the  prelate, 
and  the  most  assiduous  endeavours  to  recommend 
himself  to  the  queen,  he  was  dismissed  without  an 
answer.  He  resigned  the  property  of  the  Knights 
of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  into  the  hands  of  the 
Queen  of  England,  who  on  the  24th  January, 
1563-4,  was  pleased,  in  consideration  of  his  merits 
and  services,  to  create  him  Lord  of  St.  John, 
giving  him  the  lands  and  baronies  of  Torphicen,  and 
Listoun,  Balintrodo,  Thankertoun,  Denny,  Mary- 
culter,  Stanhouse,  Galtna,  &c.  (all  the  plunder  of 
the  Order),  on  payment  of  10,000  crowns,  and  an 
annual  duty  of  five  hundred  marks,  erecting  the 
same  into  the  temporal  lordship  of  Torphicen. 
James  Sandilands  married  Janet,  daughter  of 
Murray  of  Polonaise,  but  had  no  issue,  and  dying 
29th  November,  1596,  his  title  of  Lord  Torphicen, 
and  plundered  possessions,  devolved  on  his  grand 
nephew,  James  Sandilands,  of  Calder,  and  still 
continue  in  his  name  and  blood.  Vide  Crawford's 
Peerage,  Keith's  Catalogue,  Cook's  Reformation, 
ii.  240.,  Mag.  Sigil,  L.  xxxii.  No.  182. 

Sandilands,  John  James.  A  diligent  search  has 
been  made  to  discover  the  descent  of  this  knight, 
and  also  whether  he  was  related  to  the  one  above- 
named,  but  thus  far  it  has  been  without  success. 
On  the  16th  of  July,  1564,  a  commission  was  ap- 
pointed to  examine  Sandilands,  and  even  if  ne- 
cessary to  put  him  to  the  torture,  for  the  purpose 
of  discovering  if  he  had  been  guilty  of  sacrilege  in 
stealing  a  chalice  and  crucifix  from  the  altar  of 
the  church  of  St.  Anthony.  This  crime  having 
been  proved  against  him,  he  was,  on  the  31st  of 
July,  1564,  deprived  of  his  habit,  and  passed  over 
to  the  criminal  court  of  the  island  for  trial.  Vide 
Manuscript  Records  of  the  Order. 

Shelley,  James,  was  the  third  son  of  Sir  William 
and  Alice  Belknap.  On  the  29th  day  of  May, 
1573,  the  Right  Reverend  Lord  the  Grand  Master, 
and  the  Venerable  Council,  taking  into  considera- 
tion the  need  and  poverty  of  the  Lord  and  Bro- 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


ther,  James  Shelley,  a  native  of  England,  who  had 
abandoned  his  country  to  assist  the  Order,  decreed 
that  each  year  he  should  have  and  receive,  be- 
sides his  table  money  and  pay,  fifty  scudi  from  the 
common  treasury.  Vide  Manuscript  Records  of 
the  Order.  W.  W. 

La  Valetta,  Malta. 


GEEAT   EVENTS   FROM    SLENDER   CAUSES. 

It  is  said,  in  vol.  ii.  p.  266.,  of  the  Amcenitates 
Academics,  "  res  summas  initio  deberi  parvo  ac 
debili  experientia  omnium  temporum  testatur;" 
and  Dr.  Paris  observes,  that  "  the  history  of  great 
effects  from  small  causes  would  form  an  interest- 
ing work." 

"How  momentous,"  says  Campbell,  "are  the  results  of 
apparently  trivial  circumstances !  When  Mahomet  was 
flying  from  his  enemies,  he  took  refuge  in  a  cave ;  which 
his  pursuers  would  have  entered,  if  they  had  not  seen  a 
spider's  web  at  the  entrance.  Not  knowing  that  it  was 
freshly  woven,  they  passed  by  the  cave:  and  thus  a 
spider's  web  changed  the  history  of  the  world." 

When  Louis  VII.,  to  obey  the  injunctions  of 
his  bishops,  cropped  his  hair  and  shaved  his  beard, 
Eleanor,  his  consort,  found  him,  with  this  unusual 
appearance,  very  ridiculous,  and  soon  very  con- 
temptible. She  revenged  herself  as  she  thought 
proper,  and  the  poor  shaved  king  obtained  a 
divorce.  She  then  married  the  Count  of  Anjou, 
afterwards  our  Henry  II.  She  had  for  her  mar- 
riage dower  the  rich  provinces  of  Poitou  and 
Guienne ;  and  this  was  the  origin  of  those  wars 
which  for  three  hundred  years  ravaged  France, 
and  cost  the  French  three  millions  of  men.  All 
this  probably  had  never  occurred,  had  Louis  not 
been  so  rash  as  to  crop  his  head  and  shave  his 
beard,  by  which  he  became  so  disgustful  in  the 
eyes  of  our  Queen  Eleanor.  (D'Israeli.) 

Warton  mentions,  in  his  Notes  on  Pope,  that  the 
Treaty  of  Utrecht  was  occasioned  by  a  quarrel 
between  the  Duchess  of  Maryborough  and  Queen 
Anne  about  a  pair  of  gloves. 

The  expedition  to  the  island  of  Re  was  under- 
taken to  gratify  a  foolish  and  romantic  passion  of 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham. 

The  coquetry  of  the  daughter  of  Count  Julian 
introduced  the  Saracens  into  Spain. 

What  can  be  imagined  more  trivial,  remarks 
Hume,  in  one  of  his  essays,  than  the  difference 
between  one  colour  of  livery  and  another  in  horse 
races?  Yet  this  difference  begat  two  most  in- 
veterate factions  in  the  Greek  empire,  the  Prasini 
and  Veneti ;  who  never  suspended  their  animosi- 
ties till  they  ruined  that  unhappy  government. 

The  murder  of  Cassar  in  the  capitol  was  chiefly 
owing  to  his  not  rising  from  his  seat  when  the 
senate  tendered  him  some  particular  honours. 

The  negotiations  with  the  Pope  for  dissolving 
Henry  VIII.'s  marriage  (which  brought  on  the 


Reformation)  are  said  to  have  been  interrupted 
by  the  Earl  of  Wiltshire's  dog  biting  his  holiness's 
toe,  when  he  put  it  out  to  be  kissed  by  that  am- 
bassador ;  and  the  Duchess  of  Marlborough's 
spilling  a  bason  of  water  on  Mrs.  Masham's  gown, 
in  Queen  Anne's  reign,  brought  in  the  Tory 
Ministry,  and  gave  a  new  turn  to  the  affairs  of 
Europe.  (Graves's  Spiritual  Quixote.) 

If  the  nose  of  Cleopatra  had  been  shorter,  said 
Pascal,  in  his  epigrammatic  and  brilliant  manner, 
the  condition  of  the  world  would  have  been 
different. 

Luther  might  have  been  a  lawyer,  had  his 
friend  and  companion  escaped  the  thunderstorm  j 
Scotland  had  wanted  her  stern  reformer,  if  the 
appeal  of  the  preacher  had  not  startled  him  in  the 
chapel  of  St.  Andrew's  Castle ;  and  if  Mr.  Gren- 
ville  had  not  carried,  in  1764,  his  memorable 
resolution  as  to  the  expediency  of  charging  certain 
stamp  duties  on  the  plantations  in  America,  the 
western  world  might  still  have  bowed  to  the 
British  sceptre. 

Giotto,  one  of  the  early  Florentine  painters, 
might  have  continued  a  rude  shepherd  boy,  if  a 
sheep  drawn  by  him-  upon  a  stone  had  not  acci- 
dentally attracted  the  notice  of  Cimabue. 

The  story  of  Bruce  and  the  spider,  in  the  notes 
to  Scott's  Lord  of  the  Isles,  will  bear  a  similar 
application  ;  and,  doubtless,  many  correspondents 
of  "  N.  &  Q."  can  make  interesting  additions  to 
the  above  list  of  examples.  N.  L.  J_ 


BISHOP    TRELAWNET. 

In  the  dedication  prefixed  to  his  four  volumes 
of  Sermons,  Atterbury  has  pourtrayed  in  graceful 
and  eloquent  style  the  chief  features  in  the  life  and 
character  of  this  undaunted  prelate.  When  Bishop 
of  Exeter  he  had  appointed  Atterbury  Archdeacon 
of  Totnes,  who  begins  his  dedication  therefore,  by 
acknowledging  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  the  Bishop's 
patronage  of  him  at  a  time  when  he  was  little 
known  to  his  lordship,  otherwise  than  by  his  honest 
endeavours  to  retain  those  synodical  rights  of  the 
clergy,  whereof  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  Tre- 
lawney  was  all  along  the  avowed  patron  and  de- 
fender. He  proceeds  to  speak  of  the  services 
rendered  by  the  Bishop  to  the  church  and  consti- 
tution in  the  reign  of  James  II.,  and  after  noticing 
his  seasonable  encouragement  of  a  worthy  pres- 
byter who  had  repressed  the  attempts  of  sectaries 
by  his  learned  and  accurate  writings  (Bingham,  I 
suppose,  is  intended),  he  mentions  with  approba- 
tion the  proceedings  of  the  Bishop  as  Visitor  of 
Exeter  College,  in  the  expulsion  of  Dr.  Arthur 
Bury,  a  disciple  of  Arius,  from  the  rectorship  of 
that  society.  The  issue  of  this  struggle  fixed  the 
power  of  the  Visitor  (not  till  then  acknowledged  to 
be  final)  on  the  sure  foundation  of  a  judgment  in 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


203 


parliament.  By  another  parliamentary  decision 
which  he  obtained  (I  believe  Bishop  of  Exeter  v. 
Sampson  Hele  is  reported  in  Shower's  Cases  in 
Parliament,  88.),  he  established  the  sole  right  of 
the  Bishop  to  judge  of  the  qualifications  of  persons 
applying  to  him  for  institution  to  a  benefice. 
These  were  not  mere  temporary  services,  says 
Atterbury,  to  be  made  use  of,  to  be  talked  of  for 
a  while  and  then  forgotten,  but  (as  the  historian 
said  of  his  own  writings)  perpetual  acquisitions  laid 
up  for  the  benefit  of  succeeding  ages.  The  whole 
dedication  is  worthy  of  attention.  E.  II.  A. 


A  Note  on  Chaucer:  Jacke  of  Dover :  Dovering. 

"  And  many  a  Jacke  of  Dover  hast  thou  sold 
That  hath  been  twies  hot  and  twies  cold. 

Chaucer,  Coke's  Prologue,  I.  4345. 

The  night  after  the  Lord  Mayor's  banquet  in 
November,  1853,  several  of  the  waiters  who  had 
been  engaged  to  attend  applied  to  Sir  Peter  Laurie 
to  complain  of  a  breach  of  agreement  on  the  part 
of  the  contractor  for  the  banquet.  Here  is  a  por- 
tion of  the  dialogue  copied  from  a  newspaper  of 
that  date : — 

"  Sir  Peter  Laurie.  —  But  had  you  no  wine  ? 

Second  Waiter.  —  Oh  dear,  no,  sir ;  they  looked  too 
sharp  after  it  for  that. 

Sir  Peter  Laurie.  —  What  became  of  the  opened  bottles, 
then? 

TTilrd  Waiter.  —  Oh,  they  were  collected  by  the  wine- 
men,  and  went  into  the  cellar  for  what  we  call '  Dover.' 

Sir  Peter  Laurie.  —  What  do  you  mean  ? 

Third  Waiter.  —  Why,  sir,  the  half-bottles  are  used  to 
fill  up  others,  which  are  sent  up  to  table  again  as  unopened 
bottles ;  and  that  is  what  we  call '  Dovering.' " 

I  believe  the  term  "  Jacke  of  Dover  "  made  use 
of  by  Chaucer  has  not  been  clearly  traced.  Does 
it  occur  in  any  other  writer  ?  It  is  curious  that 
the  somewhat  analogous  practice  in  respect  of 
wine  should  have  received  and  retained  to  the 
present  day  an  appellation  so  similar,  and  there- 
fore I  thought  it  would  be  of  interest  to  preserve 
this  record  of  the  practice  in  connexion  with  those 
lines  of  Chaucer. 

Possibly  the  cant  word  of  the  fraternity  of 
waiters  may  simply  be  a  corruption  of  do-over- 
again.  J.  M.  B. 

Supposed  Origin  of  the  Expression  "  He  has 
hung  up  his  hat"  —  This  sentence,  which  is  some- 
times used  in  reference  to  persons  recently  de- 
ceased, probably  originated  in  a  custom  which 
prevailed  many  years  since  at  Great  Bromley  in 
Essex.  In  the  steeple  of  the  superior  parish 
church  in  this  place,  is  a  peal  of  sweet-toned 
bells,  upon  which  a  first-rate  company  of  ringers 
formerly  practised  ;  when  one  of  these  votaries  of 
the  science  of  campanology  died,  it  was  the  prac- 


tice of  his  companions  to  nail  up  the  last  hat  worn 
by  the  deceased  in  the  belfry,  several  of  which  are 
still  to  be  seen  there.  These  relics  of  the  departed 
convey  a  somewhat  mournful  memento  mori  to  the 
mind  of  the  spectator,  serving  to  remind  him  that 
the  lovers  of  harmony,  whose  heads  they  once 
covered,  are  now  laid  low  in  the  adjoining  church- 
yard. 

One  of  these  hats,  by  the  breadth  of  its  verge, 
might  be  supposed  to  have  been  worn  by  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends ;  this,  however, 
is  very  improbable,  for  we  are  not  aware  that 
there  is  any  instance  on  record  of  one  of  that  re- 
spected sect  having  entered  "  a  steeple  house  "  for 
the  purpose  of  practising  as  a  bell-ringer. 

It  occurs  to  us  that  the  respected  landlady  of 
an  inn  on  the  banks  of  the  Stour,  for  several 
years  after  the  decease  of  her  husband,  kept  the 
last  hat  worn  by  him  hanging  up  in  her  bar,  it 
being  supposed  that  it  was  not  to  be  removed 
except  in  the  case  of  a  second  marriage  ;  of  course, 
like  other  widows,  the  good  lady  was  open  to  an 
offer  of  the  kind.  G.  BLENCOWE. 

Richard  Graves,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Ardagh. — In 
the  detailed  and  interesting  Memoir  prefixed  to 
The  Works  of  Richard  Graves,  D.D.,  Dean  of 
Ardagh,  and  Regius  Professor  of  Divinity  in  the 
University  of  Dublin  (4  vols.  8vo.),  the  date  of  his 
death  is  given ;  but  no  mention  is  made  of  the 
place  of  his  interment.  It  may  be  well,  for 
more  reasons  than  one,  to  record  the  locality  in 
"N.  &  Q. ;"  and,  therefore,  I  am  induced  to  send 
a  copy  of  an  entry  in  the  register  of  burials  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Mary,  Donnybrook,  near  Dublin. 
The  following  is  No.  157. : 

"  The  Very  Reverend  Richard  Graves,  of  Harcourt 
Street,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Peter  [Dublin],  aged  sixty- 
five,  was  buried  this  3rd  day  of  April,  1829." 

A  stone,  with  a  suitable  inscription,  covers 
the  grave  of  this  learned  divine  and  servant  of 
God,  in  the  old  churchyard  of  Donnybrook. 

ABHBA. 

Matrimonial  Advertisement. — Mr.  Burke,  in  his 
Anecdotes  of  the  Aristocracy,  furnishes  the  follow- 
ing specimen  of  an  advertisement  of  Sir  John 
Dinely  for  a  partner: — 

"  To  the  angelic  fair  of  true  English  breed, —  Sir  John 
Dinely,  of  Windsor  Castle,  recommends  himself  and  his 
ample  fortune  to  any  angelic  beauty  of  good  breed,  fit  to 
become  and  willing  to  be  a  mother  of  a  noble  heir,  and 
keep  up  the  name  of  an  ancient  family,  ennobled  by  deeds 
of  arms  and  ancestral  renown.  Ladies  at  a  certain  period 
of  life  need  not  apply,  as  heirship  is  the  object  of  the 
ladies'  sincere  admirer,  Sir  John  Dinely.  Fortune  favours 
the  bold.  Such  ladies  as  this  advertisement  may  induce 
to  apply  or  send  their  agents  (but  not  servants  or  matrons) 
may  direct  to  me  at  the  Castle,  Windsor.  Happiness  and 
pleasure  are  agreeable  objects,  and  should  be  regarded  as 
well  as  honor.  The  lady  who  thus  becomes  my  wife  will 
be  a  baronetess,  and  rank  accordingly  as  Lady  Dinely  of 


204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


Windsor.  Good  and  favour  to  all  ladies  of  Great  Britain. 
Pull  no  caps  on  his  account,  but  favor  him  with  your 
smiles,  and  paeans  of  pleasure  await  your  steps." 

ANON. 

Versus  Cancrinus.  —  There  is,  it  is  well  known, 
a  difference  between  the  Greek  Palindronion  and 
the  Latin  versus  cancrinus  ;  both  read  the  same, 
forward  and  backward,  but  while  the  Palindromon 
changes  the  sense  in  the  backward  reading  (like 
our  ten,  net;  god,  dog,  etc.),  the  versus  cancrinus 
retains  the  sense  in  both  instances  unchanged.  As 
a  specimen  is  quoted  the  well-known  Hexameter 
put  into  the  mouth  of  the  devil  : 

"  Signa  te,  signa,  temere  me  tangis  ct  angis." 
A  similar  verse  is  said  to  have  been  penned  by  the 
Jewish  philosopher,  Aben  Ezra  (in  the  twelfth 
century).     During  a  long  absence  from  home  he 
wrote  the  followin    verse  to  his  children  : 


»3 


y'ib 


(Know  of  your  father,  I  shall  not  tarry,  and  return  to 
you,  it  being  high  time). 

There  has  lately  also  been  given  in  the  Augsburg 
Gazette  a  German  v.  c. 

"  Bei  Leid  lieh  stets  Heil  die  Lieb." 
(In  trouble,  comfort  is  lent  by  love). 

EDWARD  H.  MICHELSEN. 

Submerged  Sells.  —  At  Raleigh,  Notts,  accord- 
ing to  the  legend,  the  village  and  church  in  the 
valley  was  swallowed  down  by  a  great  earthquake. 
In  former  days  on  Christmas  morning,  the  old 
people  used  to  meet  to  hear  the  bells  chiming  be- 
neath them.  Even  now  the  remembrance  of  this 
quaint  belief  is  preserved. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  H.A. 

Blackguard  Boys.  —  It  appears  pretty  certain 
that  originally  the  blackguards  were  the  scullions 
and  lowest  servants  in  the  houses  of  the  great.  It 
is  not  improbable  that  they  were  so  called,  from 
being  in  especial  the  guards  or  watchers  of  the 
spit.  In  the  "  Customs  and  Manners  of  the  En- 
glish," from  the  Aubrey  MSS.,  in  the  first  volume 
of  the  Antiquarian  Repertory,  p.  71.,  we  find  it 
stated  that  in  old  times  "  The  poor  boys  did 
turn  the  spits,  and  licked  the  dripping  for  their 
pains."  HENRY  T.  RLLEY. 

Indian  Rubber.  —  It  may  amuse  some  of  your 
readers  to  know,  that  in  Northumberland,  among 
the  lower  classes,  India-rubber  is  almost  univer- 
sally called  "  lead-  eater  :"  of  course,  from  its  use- 
ful property  of  erasing  marks  from  lead. 

HENRY  T.  RILEY. 


QUERIES    CONCERNING    SPENSER. 

1.  Has  any  fresh  information  been  obtained  re- 
lative to  "  E.  K.,"  the  writer  of  the  Glosse  to  the 
Shepheard"s  Calendar,  and  of  the  epistle  prefixed 
to  that  poem  ? 

We  are  not  much  helped  by  supposing  these 
initials  to  represent  Edward  Kerke,  or  Kirk,  or 
King.  Mr.  Craik  (Spenser  and  his  Poetry,  i.  40.) 
suggests  that,  — 

"  If  E.  K.  was  really  a  person  whose  Christian  name 
and  surname  were  indicated  by  these  initial  letters,  he  was 
most  probably  some  one  who  had  been  at  Cambridge  at 
the  same  time  with  Spenser  and  Harvey,  and  his  name 
might,  perhaps,  be  found  in  the  registers  either  of  Pem- 
broke Hall,  to  which  Spenser  belonged,  or  of  Christ 
Church  or  Trinity  Hall,  which  were  Harvey's  Colleges." 

Some  commentators  have  imagined  the  poet 
and  the  Gloss  writer  to  be  one  and  the  same 
person.  A  classical  allusion  in  reference  to  Ro- 
salinde  occurring  in  the  Glosse  and  in  Colin  Clout, 
and  not,  I  think,  previously  noticed,  seems  to  de- 
note that  both  these  compositions  proceeded  from 
the  same  pen,  and  thus  to  lend  support  to,  what 
has  been  deemed,  a  Somewhat  extravagant  hypo- 
thesis. In  the  Glosse  to  the  fourth  Eclogue,  Ro- 
salinde  is  spoken  of  as  deserving  to  be  commended 
to  immortality  as  much  as  Myrto,  or  Petrarch's 
Laura : 

"  Or  Himera  the  worthy  poet  Stesichorus  his  idol ; 
upon  whom  he  is  said  so  much  to  have  doted,  that,  in 
regard  of  her  excellencie,  he  scorned  and  wrote  against 
the  beautie  of  Helena.  For  which  his  presumptuous  and 
unheedie  hardinesse,  he  is  sayd  by  vengeance  of  the 
gods,  thereat  being  offended,  to  have  lost  both  his  eies." 

Compare  this  with  the  following  lines  from  Colin 
Clout  : 

"  And  well  I  wote,  that  oft  I  heard  it  spoken, 
How  one,  that  fairest  Helene  did  revile, 
Through  judgment  of  the  gods  to  been  ywroken, 
Lost  both  his  eyes  and  so  remaynd  long  while, 
Till  he  recanted  had  his  wicked  rimes, 
And  made  amends  to  her  with  treble  praise." 

L.  919. 

2.  In     George    Turbervile's     Tragical    Tales, 
printed  in  1587,  an  epistle  and  two  other  poems 

I  are  addressed  to  his  friend  Spenser,  who  is  con- 
sidered to  be  the  poet,  by  Antony  a  Wood.  But 
as  the  epistle  was  written  in  1569,  when  Edmund 

i  Spenser  was  only  sixteen  years  old,  and  had  just 
entered  Pembroke  Hall  as  a  sizar,  he  could  scarcely 
have  been  the  friend  of  Turbervile.  Who  then 
was  this  Spenser  ? 

3.  Previously  to  the  year  1580,  when  Edmund 
Spenser  proceeded  to  Ireland  in   the  capacity  of 
secretary  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  Lord  Grey  of 
Wilton,  there  was  a  Mr.  Spenser  employed  under 
the  Irish  government,  and  deputed  to  England  on 
various  important  employments  described  in  the 
Lambeth  Manuscripts    (Todd's  Life  of  Spenser, 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


205 


Moxon's  ed.,  p.  xxiii.).  Who  was  this  Mr. 
Spenser,  of  whom  Sir  William  Pelham,  Lord 
Justice  of  Ireland,  writes  as,  "  his  brother  Spencer, 
as  now  growinge  into  yeares,  and  having  many 
waies  deserved  some  consideration  from  her  Ma- 
jestie  ?  " 

4.  Is  there  proof  that  Spenser  was  in  England 
between  1580  and  the  latter  end  of  1589  ? 

5.  The  dedication  of  Colin  Clout  to  Raleigh  is 
dated  "  From  my  house  of  Kilcolman,  the  27th  of 
December,   1591."     Is  this  the  date  in   all   the 
ed.  princip.  of  Colin  Clout  ? 

6.  The   engraved  portraits   of   Spenser   differ 
very  considerably ;  which  is  considered  to  be  the 
most  authentic  ? 

In  "N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  iii.,  p.  301.,  there  are  some 
queries  relative  to  the  portraits  of  Spenser,  which 
I  do  not  think  have  been  replied  to.  J.  M.  B. 


ROMAN   INSCRIPTION,    ETC. 

I  herewith  forward  a  copy  of  an.  inscription 
upon  a  stone  recently  discovered  on  an  estate 
called  Chester  in  Northamptonshire.  At  this 
place,  which  is  about  two  miles  from  Wellingbo- 
rough,  and  on  the  south  side  of  the  Nen,  S.  E.  of 
Wellingborough,  are  the  well-defined  remains  of  a 
Roman  station.  This  station  is  in  the  form  of  a 
parallelogram,  facing  the  four  cardinal  points,  the 
longest  sides  east  and  west.  It  has  been  sur- 
rounded with  a  wall,  which  has  been  used  as  a 
quarry  until  the  very  foundations  are  well  nigh 
gone.  Still,  the  bounds  are  well  defined,  and  at 
the  south-west  corner  is  a  high  mound,  probably 
the  remains  of  a  watch-tower.  The  whole  is  now 
Tinder  the  plough-share.  Here,  and  more  especially 
to  the  east  of  it,  in  the  neighbourhood,  thousands  of 
coins  have  been  at  times  discovered.  The  ground 
itself  is  strewed  with  fragments  of  pottery,  and 
with  stones  which  have  been  brought  thither. 
Under  cultivation  these  mementoes  have  rapidly 
diminished,  and  in  a  few  years  probably  there 
will  be  little  to  tell  what  has  been.  Occasionally 
relics  of  some  value  have  been  found,  and  recently 
a  stone  has  been  brought  to  light  with  this  in- 
scription : 

"D.M.S 

AXICIVS .  SATVW 

STRATA  @S . M . S  .  F." 

which  local  antiquaries  read  thus  : 

"  Diis  Manibus  Sacrum  Anicius  Saturnus  Strator  Con- 
sul monumentum  sibi  fecit." 

I  believe,  however,  that  no  consul  of  this  name  is 
recorded,  and  think  it  unlikely  one  would  be 
buried  here  as  this  was.  I  would  read  it,  "  Dis 
Manibus  Sacrum  Anicius  Saturninus  Strator 
Consularis,"  &c.  If  this  is  wrong,  it  would  oblige 
me  and  others  to  have  it  corrected.  The  stone  is 


said  to  be  about  four  feet  long,  and  to  have  co- 
vered a  kind  of  grave,  but  what  that  contained  I 
know  not  Will  some  of  your  antiquarian  readers 
kindly  tell  me  what  the  Romans  called  the  station 
where  this  was  fount],  and  throw  some  light  upon 
the  subject  and  the  period  to  which  the  inscription 
belongs  ? 

If  you  will  allow  me  I  would  observe  that 
Roman  and  Saxon  remains  have  been,  and  are, 
frequently  found  on  both  sides  the  Nen  from 
Northampton  to  Peterborough.  Some  tumuli 
have  been  removed  or  exhumed,  others  still  remain. 
Traces  of  the  Romans  are  especially  frequent,  and 
I  would  suggest  that  some  Northamptonshire  to- 
pographer or  antiquary  would  carefully  collect 
and  record  the  facts  which  have  been,  or  may  be, 
yet  brought  to  light.  I  fear  the  county  in 
question  has  not  had  that  attention  from  the  an- 
tiquary which  it  merits.  B.  H.  C. 


Minor 

Coins  discovered  near  Smyrna. — By  a  letter  from 
a  correspondent  near  Smyrna,  I  have  received  the 
following  notice :  "  Mr.  Calvert  informs  me  "  (Mr. 
Calvert  is  the  consul  at  the  Dardanelles)  "  that 
some  time  ago  a  jar  containing  upwards  of  800 
coins  of  Philetaerufr,  Antiochus,  and  others,  were 
discovered  by  some  peasants  ploughing.  One  of 
these  men,  whose  share  was  300,  set  off  for  Smyrna, 
and  sold  them  to  Mr.  Borrell  of  Smyrna  for  1500 
piastres,  the  other  men  quarrelled  about  the  divi- 
sion of  the  rest,  and  of  course  the  authorities 
got  wind  of  the  affair,  confiscated  the  whole  re- 
mainder, and  sent  them  to  Constantinople.  Three 
fell  into  my  possession,  and  I  am  trying  for  five  or 
ten  more  which  escaped  the  clutches  of  the  Turks." 

Can  any  of  your  numismatick  correspondents 
throw  any  light  upon  this  subject,  and  state 
whether  any  of  these  coins  have  reached  England. 
Mr.  Borrell's  father  was  a  great  collector  at 
Smyrna,  and  was  some  years  ago  most  lucky  in 
obtaining  a  large  .quantity  of  silver  tetradrachmae 
of  Amyntas,  king  of  Galatia,  and  for  which  he 
received  very  large  prices  from  divers  collectors 
in  France  and  England.  I  should  much  like  to 
know  farther  details  respecting  this  trouvaille, 
and  whether  any  have  been  sent  to  this  country 
by  Mr.  Borrell  ? 

The  piastre  in  Turkey  is,  I  believe,  now  about 
two-pence  English. 

"  ONE  WHO  REMEMBERS  AMTNTAS." 

Santiago  de  Compostella.  —  When  did  the  first 
pilgrims  "from  England  resort  to  Santiago  de  Com- 
postella? What  pope  declared  a  pilgrimage 
thither  to  be  as  efficacious  as  one  to  Jerusalem  ? 
Where  can  a  particular  account  be  found  of  the 
religious  duties  and  ceremonies,  and  the  protection 


206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


afforded  on  the  route  from  the  coast  ?  Where 
was  the  military  order  of  St.  lago  de  Compostella 
founded  ?  When  did  the  last  pilgrims  visit  St. 
lago  from  England  ?  G.  R.  L. 

Mediceval  Vessels. —  Where  are  the  best  draw- 
ings of  mediaeval  vessels  and  galleys  to  be  found  ? 

G.  R.  L. 

Abigail  Hill — Mrs.  Masham. — If  any  of  your 
•correspondents  will  favour  me  with  the  genealo- 

fical  history  of  Abigail  Hill,  or  inform  me  where 
can  find  her  lineage,  I  shall  be  greatly  obliged. 
The  recital  of  her  intrigues  form  a  prominent 
feature  amidst  the  revelations  of  the  strange  doings 
prevailing  in  the  latter  part  of  the  reign  of  Queen 
Anne.  Her  subsequent  career  as  Mrs.  Masham 
is  full  of  interest;  while  the  basin  of  water  spilt 
-upon  her  dress  has  coupled  her  name  with  the 
peace  of  Utrecht,  and  admitted  her,  through  that 
great  event,  into  the  annals  of  English  History. 

HENBY  DAVENEY. 

Philip  Massinger. — The  following  appears  in 
Mr.  Bell's  recently  published  Songs  from  the 
Dramatists : 

"  The  struggle  of  Massinger's  life  is  pathetically  sum- 
med up  in  the  entry  of  his  burial  in  the  parish  register  of 
St.  Saviour's :  '  March  20,  1039-40,  buried,  Philip  Mas- 
singer,  a  stranger.'  This  entry  tells  his  whole  story,  its 
-  obscurity,  humiliations,  and  sorrows.  Dying  in  his  house 
at  Bankside,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  theatre  which 
had  been  so  often  enriched  by  his  genius,  the  isolation  in 
which  he  lived  is  painfully  indicated  by  this  touching 
memorial." 

It  is  more  than  thirteen  years  since  Mr.  Peter 
Cunningham,  in  his  edition  of  Campbell's  Speci- 
mens of  the  British  Poets,  pointed  out  that  the 
real  entry  is : 

"  1639.  March  18.  Philip  Massinger,  stranger,  that  is, 
4  non-parishioner." 

What  authority  is  there  to  support  the  state- 
ment made  by  Mr.  Campbell,  that  Massinger  died 
in  his  own  house  in  the  Bank-side,  as  opposed  to 
the  statement  of  the  parish  register,  that  he  was  a 
non-parishioner  of  St.  Saviour's  ?  I  must  confess, 
that  viewing  the  entry  in  the  same  light  as  Mr. 
Cunningham,  I  see  nothing  in  it  to  indicate  Mas- 
singer's  obscurity,  humiliations,  and  sorrows. 
"  Stranger"  was  no  doubt  added  merely  to  show 
that  higher  fees  were  paid  than  if  he  had  been  a 
parishioner.  THOMPSON  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 

Rogers's  "  Poems."  —  There  is  a  volume  of 
Rogers's  Poems,  with  MS.  notes  and  emendations 
in  the  poet's  own  handwriting.  This  is  and  will 
be  a  literary  curiosity,  and  is  not  now  in  the  poet's 
possession.  It  is  desirable  that  the  pedigree  of 
such  a  volume  should  be  well  authenticated.  I 
wish  that  some  one  of  your  correspondents  would 
inform  us  in  whose  possession  this  volume  now  is, 


and  the  circumstances  under  which  it  passed  from 
the  poet  to  the  present  possessor.  The  present 
state  of  his  health  precludes  any  application  to 
Mr.  Rogers  himself.  HATCHE. 

Abgarus's  Letter.  —  Abgarus,  King  of  Edessa, 
is  said  to  have  written  a  letter  to  our  Lord  re- 
questing him  to  repair  to  his  court,  and  to  cure 
him  of  a  disease  under  which  he  laboured.  Of 
this  letter,  usually  regarded  as  a  forgery,  the 
Honourable  Robert  Curzon,  in  his  Armenia,  gives 
a  translation,  and  adds  that  — 

"  Some  years  ago  I  was  informed,  while  at  Alexandria, 
that  a  papyrus  had  been  discovered  in  Upper  Egypt,  in 
an  ancient  tomb ;  it  was  inclosed  in  a  coarse  earthenware 
vase,  and  it  contained  the  letter  from  Abgarus  to  our 
Saviour,  written  either  in  Coptic  or  Uncial  Greek  cha- 
racters. The  answer  of  St.  Thomas  was  said  not  to  be 
with  it.  I  was  told  that  the  manuscript  afterwards  came 
into  the  possession  of  the  King  of  Holland,  but  I  have  no 
means  at  present  of  ascertaining  the  truth  of  the  story, 
or  the  antiquity  of  the  papyrus  of  which  it  forms  the 
subject." 

Perhaps  some  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  may  know 
something  of  the  truth  of  this  statement.  All 
facts  concerning  it,  an,d  a  translation,  if  it  differs 
from  other  copies,  would  be  interesting  to  myself 
and  many  another  student  of  ecclesiastical  his- 
tory. R.  P.  D.  E. 

Greshairis  Exchange. — Burgon  says  that  the 
list  of  subscribers  to  the  purchase  of  the  site  in 
the  year  1565  and  1566  is  still  extant.  Query 
where  ?  J.  K. 

"  Love."  — In  the  London  Daily  Advertiser  of 
21st  December,  1751, 1  find  the  following : 

"  LOST,  out  of  the  house  of  Mrs.  Kennedy,  the  fifth 
house  opposite  the  Archbishop's  wall  at  Lambeth,  a  black 
velvet  cloak,  with  a  love  coarsely  ran  round  it,  and  worn 
out  at  the  collar  with  pinning."  If  pawned  or  sold,  by 
applying  as  above,  the  person  who  has  it  may  have  the 
money  again  with  thanks." 

What  article  of  dress  was  a  "  love,"  which, 
could  so  easily  be  put  on  and  off?  F.  S.  A. 

Silver  Rings.  —  Can  you  tell  me  in  what  reign 
silver  rings  were  worn,  as  one  (apparently  an 
ancient  one)  has  been  found  with  a  Roman  coin 
in  the  middle  of  a  ploughed  field,  near  to  the  town 
in  which  I  reside  in  Lincolnshire  ?  The  ring  is 
not  circular,  but  flattened,  and  has  a  cornelian 
stone  with  a  flower  rudely  cut  in  it,  of  an  oval 
shape.  DAISY. 

St.  George's  Cross.  —  When  did  British  soldiers 
first  fight  under  St.  George's  Cross  as  the  colours 
of  England  ?  CEJJTURIOK. 

Hand- Grenades.  —  In  clearing  out  a  chamber 
of  the  castle  of  Leicester,  a  quantity  of  fragments 
of  hand-grenades,  together  with  fuses,  touch-paper, 
bulletSj  &c.,  were  discovered.  The  shell  of  the 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


207 


grenade  was  of  baked  earth,  very  thick  and  strong, 
the  chamber  about  four  inches  in  diameter ;  the 
fuse  was  of  hornbeam,  with  leaden  cap  and  wooden 
plug.  These  missiles  are  supposed  to  have  been 
used  at  the  siege  of  the  town  in  1 645 ;  the  most 
perfect  of  them  have  been  placed  in  the  Leicester 
Museum.  Can  any  one  inform  me  if  any  other 
specimen  of  earthen  hand-grenade  is  known  to  be 
in  existence,  and  if  so,  in  what  collection  ? 

W.  N.  KEEVE. 
Leicester. 

St.  Peter.  —  Of  what  tribe  was  St.  Peter  the 
Apostle  ?  H. 


"  Ok  what  a  voice  is  silent"  —  Can  you  inform 
me  whether  there  is  in  Alford's  npoyvfa'aff^ara  a 
poem  commencing  "  Oh  what  a  voice  is  silent," 
and  if  so,  will  you  kindly  insert  it  in  your  next  ? 

H.B. 

[The  poem  occurs  at  p.  65.  of  the  above  work :  — 

"  Oh  what  a  voice  is  silent.     It  was  soft 
As  mountain  echoes,  when  the  winds  aloft, 
The  gentle  winds  of  summer,  meet  in  caves ; 
Or  when  in  shelter'd  places  the  white  waves 
Are  'waken'd  into  music,  as  the  breeze 
Dimples,  and  stems  the  current :  or  as  trees 
Shaking  their  green  locks  in  the  days  of  June : 
Or  Delphic  girls  when  to  the  maiden  moon 
They  sang  harmonious  pray'rs ;  or  sounds  that  come 
(However  near)  like  a  faint  distant  hum 
Out  of  the  grass,  from  which  mysterious  birth 
We  guess  the  busy  secrets  of  the  earth. 
Like  the  low  voice  of  Syrinx,  when  she  ran 
Into  the  forests  from  Arcadian  Pan : 
Or  sad  (Enone's,  when  she  pined  away 
For  Paris,  or  (and  yet  'twas  not  so  gay) 
As  Helen's  whisper  when  she  came  to  Troy, 
Half-shamed  to  wander  with  that  blooming  boy : 
Like  air-touch'd  harps  in  flowery  casements  hung ; 
Like  unto  lover's  ears  the  wild  words  sung 
In  garden  bowers  at  twilight :  like  the  sound 
Of  Zephyr  when  he  takes  his  nightly  round, 
In  May,  to  see  the  roses  all  asleep : 
Or  like  the  dim  strain  which  along  the  deep 
The  sea-maid  utters  to  the  sailor's  ear, 
Telling  of  tempests,  or  of  dangers  near. 
Like  Desdemona,  who  (when  fear  was  strong 
Upon  her  soul)  chaunted  the  willow-song, 
Swan-like,  before  she  perish'd ;  or  the  tone 
Of  flutes  upon  the  waters  heard  alone : 
Like  words  that  come  upon  the  memory 
Spoken  by  friends  departed ;  or  the  sigh 
A  gentle  girl  breathes  when  she  tries  to  hide 
The  love  her  eyes  betray  to  all  the  world  beside."] 

Address  :  Etiquette.  —  The  Honourable  Anne 
Smith,  daughter  of  Viscount  Constable,  marries 
John  Jones,  Esq.  How  shall  I  direct  a  letter  to 
her  ?  "  The  Hon.  Mrs.  Jones"  ?  or,  "  The  Hon. 
Mrs.  Anne  Jones  "  ?  Q.  IN  A  CORNER. 

[The  proper  mode  of  addressing  the  lady  is, "  The  Hon. 
Mrs.  Jones."] 


Rules  of  Precedence.  —  Can  you  refer  me  to  any 
work  of  authority,  stating  accurately  the  rules  of 
precedence  not  included  in  the  ordinary  tables. 
I  believe,  for  instance,  the  younger  son  of  a  peer 
takes  precedence  of  his  uncle ;  the  younger 
brother  of  a  peer  being  reckoned  nearer  in  blood 
to  the  peer ;  but  where  is  this  laid  down  ?  Is 
there  any  rule  given  also  anywhere  for  determin- 
ing the  colour,  facings,  and  lace  of  liveries,  as 
derived  from  the  coat  of  arms  ?  W.  L.  M. 

[There  is  no  work  in  which  the  practice  or  rules  affect- 
ing peculiar  cases  of  precedency  are  laid  down,  unless  Sir 
George  Mackenzie's  Observations  upon.  Precedency,  pub- 
lished in  Gwillim  (edit.  1724),  may  claim  the  character 
of  "  authority."  In  Selden's  Titles  "of  Honour  the  subject 
of  precedency  is  treated  of  generally.  In  the  case  above 
mentioned,  the  usage  observed  in  public  ceremonials  can, 
perhaps,  be  our  only  guide ;  in  which  the  precedency  of 
persons  isjirst  given  to  those  who  are  related  to  the  exist- 
ing peer :  thus,  as  at  coronations  the  wife  of  an  existing 
peer  takes  place  before  a  dowager  peeress  of  the  same 
title,  so  the  younger  son  of  an  existing  peer  would  precede 
his  uncle.  Analogous  to  this  it  may  be  observed  that, 
with  respect  to  the  royal  family,  the  sons  of  the  reigning 
sovereign  sit  under  the  cloth  of  estate  in  the  upper  house 
of  parliament,  as  was  the  case  with  the  younger  sons  of 
George  III. ;  but  who,  upon  the  demise  of  their  royal 
father,  ceased  to  have  that  distinction.] 

Harlot. — Is  there  any  good  foundation  for  the 
assertion  that  the  English  word  harlot  derives  its 
origin  and  meaning  from  Arlette,  or  Harlotta,  the 
mistress  of  Robert,  Duke  of  Normandy,  and 
mother  of  William  the  Conqueror  ?  Turner,  in 
his  Letters  from  Normandy,  mentions  such  as 
likely  to  be  the  fact,  "  if  we  may  give  credence  to 
the  old  chroniclers."  In  what  old  chronicle  is  it 
thus  stated?  N.  L.  J. 

[Pegge  in  his  Anonymiana,  p.  295.,  has  replied  to  this 
query ;  he  says,  "  Harlot  has  the  appearance  of  a  French 
word ;  and  some  have  imagined  it  came  from  Arlotta,  the 
mother  of  William  the  Conqueror,  he  being  a  bastard. 
See  Annot.  ad  Rapin,  i.  164. ;  Hayward's  William  the 
Conqueror,  p.  2.  But  the  historians,  Gul.  Gemet,  who 
calls  her  Herleva,  and  Thomas  Rudburne,  who  calls  her 
Maud,  could  have  no  idea  of  this.  Dr.  Johnson  thinks  it 
the  Welch  herlodes,  a  wench  or  girl ;  perhaps  it  may  be 
the  Saxon  hop,  a  whore,  with  the  diminutive  French 
termination,  quasi,  a  little  whore."] 

Rcemundus  Sebundus.  —  Who  was  Rcemundus 
Sebundus,  mentioned  in  connexion  with  Ludovicus 
Vives  and  Philippus  Mornjeus,  in  the  opening 
paragraph  of  Grotius'  De  Veritate  f  He  appears 
to  have  written  on  Christian  Evidences  ;  but  his 
name  does  not  occur  in  any  biographical  work  that 
I  have  consulted.  BALBUS. 

[Raymond  de  Sabunde,  or  Sebonde,  a  physician  and 
divine,  was  a  native  of  Barcelona,  who  flourished  about 
1436,  and  is  said  to  have  been  a  professor  of  philosophy, 
medicine,  and  theology,  in  the  University  of  Toulouse. 
His  principal  work,  "entitled  Liber  Creatwarum,  and 
afterwards  Theologia  Naturalis,  was  printed  at  Strasburg 
in  1496,  and  was  brought  into  notice  by  Montaigne,  who 
translated  it  into  French.  The  book  afterwards  appeared 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


nnder  the  title  of  Viola  Aninue,  per  Modum  Dialogi  de 
Hominis  Natura,  8fc.  See  Bayle's  Historical  and  Critical 
Dictionary,  and  Rose's  Biog.  Diet.,  s.  v.] 

Mayhem  of  a  Slave.  —  In  a  recent  number  of 
the  Montgomery  Alabama  Mail,  it  is  stated  that  a 
farmer  was  convicted  of  the  offence  of  mayhem  on 
a  slave,  his  property,  and  sentenced  by  the  court 
to  eleven  years  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary, 
as  a  punishment  for  his  crime. 

It  also  adds  that  the  man  who  abuses  his  slave 
in  East  Alabama  can  hardly  escape  a  prosecution. 
He  may  knock  down  a  white  man  with  a  fair 
chance  to  escape,  but  excessive  whipping,  or  un- 
authorised battery  of  a  slave,  will  find  a  prose- 
cutor as  surely  as  the  crime  is  known.  Although 
the  meaning  of  mayhem  is  well  known,  and  suffi- 
ciently explained  in  the  above  sentence,  yet  I  do 
not  find  it  recorded  as  an  English  word  in  any  of 
the  dictionaries  which  I  have  consulted.  W.  W. 

Malta. 

[Phillips,  in  his  New  World  of  Words,  spells  it  Maihem 
or  Mahim ;  and  Blount  (  Glossographia),  "  Mahim  or  Maim, 
from  Lat.  mancus,  signifying  corporal  hurt,  whereby  a 
man  looseth  the  use  of  any  member,  that  is,  or  might  be 
any  defence  to  him  in  battle.  The  canonists  call  it  membri 
mutilationem,  as  the  eye,  the  hand,  the  foot,  the  scalp  of 
the  head,  the  fore-tooth,  or,  as  some  say,  any  finger  of  the 
hand.  Glanville,  lib.  xiv.  cap.  7."] 

Slow  Wells,  near  Tetney.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  as  to  the  blow  wells  near 
Tetney  ?  Some  wells  are  to  be  found  at  Thoresby, 
not  far  from  Tetney.  META. 

[In  the  parishes  of  Tetney,  Fulstow,  Glee,  and  that 
vicinity,  are  many  of  those  extraordinary  fountains  called 
Blow  Wells,  or  deep  circular  pits,  the  water  of  which  rises 
even  with  the  surface  of  the  ground,  but  never  overflowing, 
though  embanked  round  for  security  of  cattle.  They  are 
vulgarly  supposed  unfathomable ;  but  Mr.  Young  (Agri- 
cultural Survey,  p.  15.)  says,  "  Sir  Joseph  Banks  found 
the  bottom  without  difficulty  at  thirty  feet."] 

Quotations  used  in  the  Homilies. — From  which 
version  or  edition  of  the  Bible  are  the  quotations  used 
in  the  Homilies  taken  ?  R.  JERMYN  COOPEB. 

[No  standard  text  was  fixed  when  the  two  books  of 
Homilies  were  issued,  although  three  versions  of  the 
Bible  had  been  published  by  royal  authority:  Cover- 
dale's,  Tyndale's,  and  Cranmer's  (The  Great  Bible).  The 
preachers  of  that  day,  in  quoting  the  sacred  Scriptures, 
followed  the  Latin  Vulgate,  translating  it  at  the  time  for 
their  hearers;  but  at  the  printing  of  the  Homilies  the 
Latin  text  was  omitted.] 

Grants  of  Arms  temp.  Hen.  VIII. — Can  any 
herald  inform  H.  L.  how  many  descents  it  was 
necessary  to  prove  in  the  early  Visitations  (temp. 
Henry  VIII.  for  instance)  before  a  grant  of  arms 
was  to  be  obtained,  and  whether  it  was  necessary 
to  be  in  possession  of,  and  to  have  held  lands  ? 

H.  L. 

[There  was  not  any  occasion  to  prove  a  pedigree  in 
early  times  as  a  preliminarv  proceeding  upon  obtaining  a 
grant  of  arms,  any  more  than  at  the  present  day ;  nor  was 
the  acquisition  of  landed  property  necessary.] 


SALUTATION  CUSTOMS. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  126.) 

The  following  is  from  my  note-book,  but,  alas ! 
at  an  earlier  date  than  that  at  which  I  began  to  mark 
authorities.  I  have  the  impression,  therefore, 
that  it  is  all  to  be  found  in  some  not-rare  book  ; 
but  if  it  should  prove  of  service  to  CID,  well  and 
good.  According  to  Chalondylus, 

"  Whenever  an  invited  guest  entered  the  house  of  his 
friend,  he  invariably  saluted  his  wife  and  daughters,  as  a 
common  act  of  courtesy." 

Chaucer  often  alludes  to  it.  Thus,  the  Frere 
in  the  Sompnour's  Tale,  upon  the  entrance  of 
the  mistress  of  the  house  into  the  room  where  her 
husband  and  he  were  together  : 

"  ariseth  up  ful  curtisly, 
And  hire  embraceth  in  his  armes  narwe, 
And  kisseth  hire  swete,  and  chirketh  as  a  sparwe 
With  his  lippes." 

Robert  de  Brunne  says  the  custom  formed  part 
of  the  ceremony  of  drinking  healths  : 

"  That  sais  wass'eille  drinkis  of  the  cup, 
Kiss  and  his  felow  he  gives  it  up." 

On  this  subject,  Collet's  Relics  of  Literature 
contains  the  following  passage  : 

"  Dr.  Pierius  Winsemius,  historiographer  to  their  High 
Mightinesses  the  States  of  Friesland,  in  his  Chronijck  van 
Frieslandt,  1622,  tells  us  that  the  pleasant  practice  of 
kissing  was  utterly  'unpractised  and  unknown'  in  Eng- 
land, till  the  fair  Princess  Rouix  (Rowena),  the  daughter 
of  King  Hengist  of  Friezland, '  pressed  the  beaker  with 
her  lipkens,  and  saluted  the  amorous  Vortigern  with  a 
husjen  (little  kiss).' " 

John  Bunyan  condemns  the  practice  in  his 
Grace  Abounding. 

"  The  common  salutation  of  women  I  abhor :  it  is  odious 
to  me  in  whomsoever  I  see  it.  When  I  have  seen  good 
men  salute  those  women  that  they  have  visited,  or  that 
have  visited  them,  I  have  made  my  objections  against  it ; 
and  when  they  have  answered  that  it  was  but  a  piece  of 
civility,  1  have  told  them  that  it  was  not  a  comely  sight. 
Some,"indeed,  have  urged  the  holy  kiss ;  but  then  I  have 
asked  them  why  they  made  balks  ?  why  they  did  salute 
the  most  handsome,  and  let  the  ill-favoured  ones  go?  " 

Before  Bunyan,  we  find  in  Whytford's  Type  of 
Perfection,  1532,  the  following  passage  : 

"  It  becometh  not,  therefore,  the  personnes  religious  to 
folow  the  manere  of  secular  persones,  that  in  theyr  con- 
gresses or  commune  metynges,  or  departyngs,  done  use 
to  kysse,  take  hands,  or  such  other  touchings  that  good 
religious  persones  shulde  utterly  avoyde." 

The  custom  is  thought  to  have  gone  out  about  the 
time  of  the  Restoration.  Peter  Heylin  says  it  had 
for  some  time  before  been  unfashionable  in  France. 
Its  abandonment  in  England  might  have  formed 
part  of  that  French  code  of  politeness  which 
Charles  II.  introduced  on  his  return.  Traces  of 
it  are  to  be  found  in  the  Spectator.  Thus,  Rustic 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


209 


Sprightly  (No.  240)  appeals  for  "judgment  for  or 
against  kissing  by  way  of  civility  or  salutation," 
complaining  that  whereas,  before,  he  "  never  came 
in  public  but  he  saluted  them,  though  in  great 
assemblies,  all  around."  Now,  since  "the  un- 
happy arrival  of  a  courtier,"  who  was  content  with 
"  a  profound  bow,"  there  is  "  no  young  gentle- 
woman has  been  kissed."  The  practice  seems  to 
have  been  regarded  by  foreigners  as  peculiarly 
English.  Thus  Cavendish,  in  his  Life  of  Wolsey, 
says, 

"  I  being  in  a  fair  great  dining  chamber  "  (in  a  castle  be- 
longing to  "M.  Crequi,  a  nobleman  born"),  "I  attended  my 
Lady's  coming ;  and  after  she  came  thither  out  of  her  own 
chamber,  she  received  me  most  gently,  like  one  of  noble 
estate,  having  a  train  of  twelve  gentlewomen.  And  when 
she  with  her  train  came  all  out,  she  said  to  me,  Foras- 
much, quoth  she,  as  ye  be  an  Englishman,  whose  cus- 
tom is  in  your  country  to  kiss  all  ladies  and  gentlewomen 
without  offence,,  and  although  it  be  not  so  here  in  this  realm, 
[France,  t.  Hen.  VIII.  J  yet  will  I  be  so  bold  to  kiss  you, 
and  so  shall  all  my  maidens.  By  means  whereof,  I  kissed 
my  Lady  and  all  her  women." 

When  Bulstrode  Whitelock  was  at  the  court  of 
Queen  Christina  of  Sweden,  as  Ambassador  from 
Cromwell,  he  waited  on  her  on  May-day,  to  in- 
vite her  to  "  take  the  air,  and  some  little  collation 
•which  he  had  provided  as  her  humble  servant." 
She  came  with  her  ladies  ;  and  "  both  in  supper- 
time  and  afterwards,"  being  "  full  of  pleasantness 
and  gaiety  of  spirits,  among  other  frolics,  com- 
manded him  to  teach  her  ladies  the  English  mode 
of  salutation,  which  after  some  pretty  defences, 
their  lips  obeyed,  and  Whitelock  most  readily." 

Hull.  H.  T.  G. 


The  custom  of  salutation  by  kissing  appears  to 
Lave  prevailed  in  Scotland  about  1637.  It  is  in- 
cidentally noticed  in  the  following  extract  from 
Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  James  Mitchell,  of  Dykes, 
in  the  Parish  of  Ardrossan  (Ayrshire},  written  by 
Himself,  Gksgow,  1759,  p.  85  ;  a  rare  tract  of 
111  pages : 

"  The  next  business  (as  I  spake  of  before)  was  the 
Lord's  goodness  and  providence  towards  me,  in  that  par- 
ticular, with  Mr.  Alexander  Dunlop,  our  minister,  when 
he  fell  first  into  his  reveries  and  distractions  of  ground- 
less jealousy  of  his  wife  with  sundry  gentlemen,  and  of 
me  in  special.  First,  I  have  to  bless  God  on  my  part  he 
had  not  so  much  as  a  presumption  (save  his  own  fancies) 
of  my  misbehaviour  in  any  sort ;  for  as  I  shall  be  account- 
able to  that  great  God,  before  whose  tribunal  I  must  stand 
and  give  an  account  at  that  great  day,  I  was  not  only 
free  of  all  actual  villauy  with  that  gentlewoman  his  wife, 
but  also  of  all  scandalous  misbehaviour  either  in  private 
or  public  :  yea,  further,  as  I  shall  be  saved  at  that  great 
day,  I  did  not  so  much  as  kiss  her  mouth  in  courtesy  (so 
far  as  my  knowledge  and  memory  serves  me)  seven  years 
before  his  jealousy  brake  forth :"  this  was  the  ground  of 
no  small  peace  to  my  mind  *  *  *  and  last  of  all,  the  Lord 
brought  me  cleanly  off  the  pursuit,  and  since  he  and  I  has 
keeped  general  fashions  of  common  civility  to  this  day, 
12  December,  1637, 1  pray  God  may  open  his  eyes  and  give 
him  a  sight  of  his  weakness  and  insufficiency  both  one 


way  and  other.  Now  praise,  honour,  glory,  and  dominion 
be  to  God  only  wise  (for  this  and  all  other  his  providences 
and  favours  unto  me)  now  and  ever.  Amen.  I  subscribe 
with  my  hand  the  truth  of  this,  JAMES  MITCHELL." 

In  a  curious  work  containing  much  information 
on  the  fashions  of  the  time,  intitlecL,  The  Ladies 
Dictionary ;  being  a  General  Entertainment  for 
the  Fair  Sex  :  London,  Printed  for  John  Dunton, 
at  the  Kaven,  in  the  Poultrey,  1694,"  the  "  Author, 
N.  H.,"  article  " Kissing"  thus  remarks  : 

"  But  kissing  and  drinking,  both  are  now  grown  (it 
seems)  to  a  greater  custom  amongst  us  than  in  those  dayes 
with  the  Romans.  Nor  am  I  so  austere  to  forbid  the  use 
of  either,  both  which  though  the  one  in  snrfets,  the  other 
in  adulteries  may  be  abused  by  the  vicious ;  yet  contra- 
rily  at  customary  meetings  and  laudable  banquets,  they 
by  the  nobly  disposed,  and  such  whose  hearts  are  fixt 
upon  honour,  may  be  used  with  much  modesty  and  con- 
tinence." 

This  extract  would  prove  that  the  custom  con- 
tinued down  to  some  years  in  the  reign  of  William 
and  Mary  ;  but  perhaps  soon  after,  in  the  more 
improved  conditions  of  society,  began  to  decline. 

G.  N. 


FIRST   ENGLISH   ENVOY    TO   KUSSIA. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  127.) 

In  the  review  of  the  late  err.bassy  to  China, 
Quarterly  Review,  for  1817,  p.  476,  your  correspon- 
dent, A.  B.  will  find  this  notice  of  the  spirited 
conduct  of  Sir  Jerom  Bowes,  who  was  sent  as  am- 
bassador from  Queen  Elizabeth  to  Jan  Vasilovitch. 

"  On  entering  the  presence  chamber  [at  Moscow]  the 
ambassador  was  desired  by  the  Emperor  to  take  his  seat 
at  ten  paces  distance,  and  to  send  to  him  her  Majesty's 
letter  and  present.  Sir  Jerom  thinking  this  not  reasona- 
ble, stept  forwards  towards  the  Emperor,  but  was  inter- 
cepted by  the  chancellor,  who  would  have  taken  his  letters ; 
to  whom  the  ambassador  said, '  that  her  Majesty  had  di- 
rected no  letters  to  him,'  and  so  went  forward  and  delivered 
them  himself  to  the  Emperor's  own  hands.  In  the  course 
of  his  mission,  however,  he  offended  the  Emperor, '  be- 
cause he  would  not  yield  to  everything  he  thought  fit,' 
who  with  a  stern  and  angry  countenance  told  him  '  that 
he  did  not  reckon  the  Queen  of  England  to  be  his  fellow.' 
Upon  which,  Sir  Jerom  '  disliked  these  speeches,'  and  un- 
willing to  suffer  this  autocrat  to  derogate  from  the  honour 
and  greatness  of  her  Majesty,  boldly  told  him  to  his  face, 
'  that  the  Queen  his  mistress  was  as  great  a  prince  as  any 
was  in  Christendom,  equal  to  him  that  thought  himself 
the  greatest,  and  well  able  to  defend  herself  against  the 
malice  of  any  whomsoever.'  The  Emperor  on  this  was 
so  enraged  that  he  declared  '  if  he  were  not  an  ambassa- 
dor, he  would  throw  him  out  of  doors.'  Sir  Jerom  replied 
coolly,  '  that  he  was  in  his  power,  but  that  he  had  a  mis- 
tress who  would  revenge  any  injury  done  unto  him.'  The 
Emperor  unable  to  bear  it  longer,  bade  him  'get  home,' 
when  Sir  Jerom,  with  no  more  reverence  than  such  usage 
required,  saluted  the  Emperor  and  departed." 

Warrington.  W.  BEAUMONT. 

The  anecdote  for  which  your  correspondent, 
A.  B.,  inquires  may  be  found  in  Dr.  Collins'  Pre- 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


sent  State  of  Russia,  12  mo.   1671.     I  transcribe 
same  from  Retrospective  Review,  xiv.  40. 

"  This  Juan  Vasilowidg  nailed  a  French  ambassador's 
hat  to  his  head.  Sir  Jerom  Boze,  a  while  after,  came  as 
ambassador,  and  put  on  his  hat  and  cocked  it  before  him ; 
at  which,  he  sternly  demanded  how  he  durst  do  so,  having 
heard  how  he  chastised  the  French  ambassador.  Sir 
Jerom  answered,  he  represented  a  cowardly  King  of 
France,  but  I  am  the  ambassador  of  the  invincible  Queen 
of  England,  who  does  not  vail  her  bonnet,  nor  bare  her 
head,  to  any  prince  living ;  and  if  any  of  her  ministers 
shall  receive  any  affront  abroad,  she  is  able  to  revenge  her 
own  quarrel.  Look  you  there  (quoth  Juan  Vasilowidg  to 
his  boyars),  there  is  a  brave  fellow,  indeed,  that  dares  do 
and  say  thus  much  for  his  mistress :  which  whoreson  of 
you  all  dare  do  so  much  for  me,  your  master  ?  This  made 
them  envy  Sir  Jerom,  and  persuade  the  Emperor  to  give 
him  a  wild  horse  to  tame ;  which  he  did,  managing  him  with 
such  rigour,  that  the  horse  grew  so  tired  and  tamed,  that 
he  fell  down  dead  under  him.  This  being  done,  he  asked 
his  Majesty  if  he  had  any  more  wild  horses  to  tame.  The 
Emperor  afterwards  much  honoured  him,  for  he  loved 
such  a  daring  fellow  as  he  was,  and  a  mad  blade  to  boot." 

Perhaps  A.  B.  will  be  good  enough  to  name  the 
novel  to  which  he  refers.  C.  H.  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 


"THE  SCHOOLBOY  FORMULA." 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  124.) 

It  may  gratify  X.  to  know  the  Scotch  version  of 
the  Schoolboy's  rhyme  as  given,  along  with  several 
others,  by  "  Charles  Taylor,"  in  the  Magpie,  or 
chatterings  of  the  Pica,  Glasgow,  1820. 

"  Another  old  rhyme  (says  he)  repeated  often  for  the 
amusement  of  children ;  it  is  unaccountable  how  these  old 
sayings  are  so  popular  throughout  the  country.  It  is  said 
(which  I  believe  is  true)  they  have  originated  from  the 
Druids : 

"Anery,  twaery, 

Duckery  seven ; 
Alama  crack, 

Ten  am  eleven ; 
Peem  pom, 

It  must  be  done ; 
Come  teetle,  come  total, 

Come  twenty  one. 

The  total  number  of  words  in  this  old  rhyme  (used  by 
children  also  in  their  games)  is  twenty-one,  and  it  seems 
to  be  a  mixture  of  numbers  put  into  rhyme,  the  one  is 
just  a  parody  upon  the  other,  as  is  the  case  with  many 
more  old  sayings." 

He  frequently  notices  "  J.  Gaucher,  an  old  Scotch 
writer,"  as  an  authority  in  the  interpretation  of 
such  matters. 

The  author  of  the  Magpie,  who  died  in  1837, 
aged  about  forty-two,  spent  much  of  his  time, 
sometimes  in  the  midst  of  considerable  poverty,  in 
gathering  old  sayings,  proverbs,  and  uncommon 
words,  and  also  in  taking  portraits  of  original 
characters,  at  which  he  had  a  happy  nack.  After 
his  death  the  most  of  his  collections  went  amissing. 
In  early  life  he  was  employed  for  a  number  of 
years  as  an  amanuensis  in  the  house  of  Dr.  Watt, 


at  Crossmyloof,  near  Glasgow,  in  the  compilation 
of  his  Bibliotheca  Britannica.  Though  not  a  deep- 
skilled  and  learned  antiquary  he  had  much  shrewd 
observation  and  mother  wit,  "  an  ounce  of  the 
latter,"  as  he  used  to  say,  "  being  worth  a  pound 
of  clergy."  G.  N. 

Another  reading  of  the  school-boy  formula : 
"  One-ery,  two-ery,  tick-er-y,  ten ; 
Bobs  of  vinegar,  gentlemen : 
A  bird  in  the  air, 
A  fish  in  the  sea, 

A  bonny  wee  lassie  come  singing  to  thee, 
One  —  Two  —  Three." 

z. 


The  version  used  where  I  was  at  school  ran 
thus : 

"  Hiary,  diary,  dockery,  deven, 
Arrabone,  scarrabone,  ten  and  eleven ; 
Twin,  twan,  skargery,  don, 
Twiddleum,  twaddleum,  twenty-one. 

So,  you  are  out." 

Another  formula  was  an  alphabetical  jingle,  re- 
peated so  as  to  sound  thus  : 

••A,  B,  C,  deffigy,  —  aitchygy,  K,— 
L,  M,  N,  oppi  Q, — restivy  W,— X.  Y.  Z." 

CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 


UNREGISTERED   PROVERBS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  392.  527.) 

"  Crae  (the  crow)  was  born  there."  Said  of 
one  who  is  attached  to  an  out-of-the-way  or  un- 
pleasant residence. 

"  It's  not  the  custom  of  these  parts  for  the  kit- 
tens to  bring  mice  to  the  cats  ;"  that  is,  for  chil- 
dren to  provide  for  their  parents.  (See  2  Cor.  xii. 
14.) 

"  They  addle  brass  like  horses,  and  shute  it  like 
asses."     They  make  money  (working)  like  horses, 
and  spend  it  like  fools.     It  was  applied  specially 
to  the  navvies  in  this  parish. 
"  Flowers  in  May, 
Fine  cocks  of  hay." 

"  He's  a  top-sawyer ;"  i.  e.  he  is,  or  fancies  him- 
self, a  superior  fellow. 

'  He  fell  heavy."     He  died  rich. 
He  came  to  a  rest."     He  stopped  payment. 
Shoe's  fa' en  in."     She's  shrunk  in  person. 

'  Shoo  gaes  in  lill  roum."     She  is  thin. 

'  Clip  and  away."  Taking  a  crop  of  hay  from  a 
field,  and  no  more. 

"  Mak'  'em  shine."  Make  your  offer  guineas. 
So  Charles,  in  the  School  for  Scandal,  Act  IV. 
Sc.  1.,  says,  "  Make  it  guineas." 

"  He  lighted  (pronounced  leeted)  upon  gettin 
drunk."  He  happened  to  get  drunk. 

"Their  ears  were  not  reet  (right)  bored;"  i.e. 
were  "  untuneable." 


SEPT.  9. 1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


211 


"  I  want  ye  to  mak  a  sute  for  our  Jacky."  I 
•want  you  to  make  a  coffin. 

How  old  are  you  ?  "  I'se  eighty-one  years  of 
age.  I'se  livin  on  borrowed  days." 

"After  he  hit  me  o'  th'  heead  I  was  dateless ;" 
that  is,  I  took  no  note  of  time. 

"It  imitates  sele;"  i.e.  it  is  like  willow,  or 
sallow. 

"  Bairn's  gettin  an  unmannerly  brat  on."  The 
child  has  got  an  untidy  pinafore. 

A  mannerly  crop  is  a  good  crop. 

I  shall  be  obliged  by  information  upon  the 
change  of  burgh  into  borough.  Places  (1  believe 
all)  that  now  end  in  borough,  as  Peterborough, 
Aldborough,  Mexborough,  originally  had  the  ter- 
mination burgh,  as  Peterburgh,  &c.  I  have  Bawd- 
wen's  translation  of  Domesday,  but  do  not  find 
borough  in  it  as  a  termination.  When,  and  how, 
did  the  change  from  burgh  into  borough  take 
place  ?  J.  W.  FARBER. 

Ingleborough,  anciently  Ingleburgh,  parish 
of  Clapham,  in  the  W.  K.  of  Yorkshire. 


In  the  course  of  pastoral  visitation,  I  recently 
heard  the  following  from  a  poor  old  woman  in  Hull, 
who  was  complaining  of  a  lady  who  had  called  on 
her,  and  commiserated  with  her  in  her  poverty,  but 
had  not  opened  her  purse  to  her.  It  has  all  the 
air  of  a  proverb,  and  I  have  not  met  with  it  in 
any  of  the  collections  :  "  Pity  without  help  is  like 
mustard  without  beef."  H.  T.  G. 

Hull. 


CLAY    TOBACCO-PIPES. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  48.) 

It  seems  certain  that  a  habit  of  smoking  had 
been  acquired  in  England  long  before  the  days  of 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  and  yet  we  seem  to  be  left 
in  the  dark  respecting  what  ingredient  was  chiefly 
consumed  before  the  "  Indian  weed  "  was  intro- 
duced ;  if  smoking  had  been  indulged  in  to  any 
extent  before  this,  it  would  doubtless  be  many 
years  ere  tobacco  would  become  universal.  Can 
none  of  your  correspondents  rummage  up  their 
stores  of  "  auld  warldly  lore,"  and  throw  a  little 
more  light  upon  this  curious  subject  ?  Dr.  Whit- 
aker  in  his  Loidis  and  Elmete,  tells  us  that  after 
the  tower  of  Kirkstall  Abbey  was  blown  down, 
Jan.  27,  1779,  he  discovered  several  little  tobacco- 
pipes  imbedded  in  the  mortar  of  the  fallen  frag- 
ments, similar  in  shape  to  those  used  in  the  reign 
of^  James  I.  This  tower  was  completed  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VII.  Not  many  years  ago  an  old 
house,  built  not  later  than  Henry  VIII.'s  time, 
was  standing  at  Seacroft,  near  Leeds  ;  on  demolish- 
ing it,  several  small  clay  pipes  were  found  beneath 
the  foundations ;  they  were  similar  in  pattern  to 
those  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Great  numbers 


of  tobacco-pipe  heads  are  found  about  Leeds,  but 
these  date  no  further  back  than  1749,  being  doubt- 
less relics  of  General  Wade's  encampment.  I  re- 
member some  noble  elms  being  cut  down  at 
Sheepscar ;  about  the  roots  some  scores  of  these 
pipe  heads  were  found,  but  only  one  entire  speci- 
men, which  is  now  in  my  possession.  I  have 
picked  them  up,  too,  in  the  fields  about  Tockwith 
and  Hessay,  bordering  upon  Marston  Moor ;  in- 
deed, they  are  common  enough  in  all  our  districts 
through  which  the  soldiery  of  the  great  civil  war 
may  have  marched.  The  country  people  call  them 
"  fairy  pipes,"  simply  from  their  small  size.  The 
pipe  and  pipe-mould  occur  on  Yorkshire  tokens  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  and  the  little  figure  our 
tobacconists  still  hang  out,  a  negro  with  a  pipe  in 
his  mouth,  and  a  roll  of  "  pigtail "  under  one  arm, 
also  occurs  on  another.  A  common  remark  often 
made  when  one  person  manages  to  ruffle  the  tem- 
per of  another  is  "  he  has  got  his  pipe  put  out," 
a  local  phrase  synonymous  with  "  drawing  his 
peg,"  but  perhaps  more  obscure  in  its  origin. 

JOHN  DIXON. 


Southey's  Common-place  Book,  vol.  i.  p.  469., 
contains  an  extract  from  WThitaker's  Loidis  and 
Elmete,  p.  119.,  recording  a  discovery  of  pipes  im- 
bedded in  the  mortar  of  Kirkstall  Abbey,  which 
is  cited  to  prove  "  that  prior  to  the  introduction 
of  tobacco  from  America,  the  practice  of  inhaling 
the  smoke  of  some  indigenous  vegetable  prevailed 
in  England." 

Similar  discoveries  have  been,  I  believe,  made 
in  Scotland,  which  are  probably  mentioned  in  Dr. 
Wilson's  Archeology,  at  present  beyond  my  reach. 
I  have  myself  heard  of  the  discovery,  imbedded  in 
the  walls  of  an  old  keep  in  the  south  of  Scotland, 
of  a  pipe  which,  from  the  description,  agrees  ex- 
actly with  those  mentioned  by  MB.  RILEY,  of  which 
several  are  preserved  in  the  Museum  of  the 
Scottish  Antiquaries.  I  could  not  ascertain  any 
farther  particulars,  however,  at  the  time. 

By  these  and  similar  instances  it  may  appear 
probable  that  those  described  by  MR.  RILEY  go 
farther  back  than  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  although  it  is  impossible  of  course  to  fix 
any  period.  I  can  answer  for  the  continuance  at 
the  present  day,  in  the  south  of  Scotland,  of  a 
custom  probably  far  older  than  the  introduction 
of  tobacco,  though  now  confined  to  boys,  or  nearly 
so  :  that  of  smoking  fog,  the  Scottish  term  for  the 
grey  branching  lichens  to  be  found  everywhere. 
I  have  repeatedly  seen,  or  rather  smelt,  this  done. 
The  smoke  is  very  penetrating  and  pungent. 

W.  H.  SCOTT. 
Clifton. 

The  following  riddle,  headed  "  Tabacco,"  is  a 
slight  addition  to  the  evidence  collected  by  B.  H.  C. 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


It  is  taken  from  the  "Cambridge  University  MS.,'r 
DD  v.  75.,  and,  as  the  dates  of  other  pieces  in  the 
volume  prove,  was  written  between  1580  and  1600: 

"  A  foole  or  a  phisicion,  I  know  not  whether 

His  penner  hath  and  inck  horn  all  in  one ; 
Kept  in  an  eeles  skin,  or  in  a  case  of  leather, 

And  made  of  clay  converted  to  a  stone: 
His  cotton  is  of  dark  deroied  grene, 

His  matter  all  within  his  nose  is  peed, 
And  in  the  strangest  guise  yl  may  be  scene 

He  drawes  his  incke  out  of  a  candel's  end. 
Herewith  his  missives  round  about  he  sendes, 

Till  breath  and  beard  and  all  the  house  do  stink : 
He  wrings  his  neck  and  giueth  to  his  freindes, 

'  Hold  galantes  here,  aad  to  Galenas  drink.' " 

C.  H. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photography  and  Anthropology. — The  French  journal 
La  Lumiere,  of  the  19th  August,  and  Le  Compte  Rendu  de 
rAcademie  des  Sciences,  of  the  14th,  are  loud  in  their 
praises  of  two  photographs  of  human  crania  by  M.  Rous- 
seau, the  artist  of  the  Photographic  Zoologique,  and  who  is, 
we  believe,  a  pupil  of  MM.  Bayard  and  Niepce.  In  the 
latter,  M.  Serres,  a  member  of  the  Institute,  enters  at 
great  length  into  the  merits  of  M.  Rousseau's  labours,  and 
the  advantages  to  science  which  are  likely  to  result  from 
this  application  of  photography.  We  allude  to  the  sub- 
ject for  the  purpose  of  reminding  our  photographic  friends 
who  visited  the  Exhibition  at  the  commencement  of  the 
present  year,  of  the  beautiful  photograph  of  a  Celtic  cra- 
nium exhibited  by  Dr.  Diamond,  and  so  claiming  for  our 
distinguished  countryman  the  merit  due  to  him.  In 
January  last  we  called,  with  Dr.  Diamond,  on  a  well- 
known  publisher,  for  the  purpose  of  arranging  for  the 
issue  of  a  series  of  Photographs  of  Crania,  as  well  as  of 
Portraits  of  the  Insane,  and  regret  that  the  difficulty  of 
multiplying  copies  of  the  works  in  sufficient  numbers  has 
as  yet  delayed  their  publication. 

Photographic  Manuals.  —  As  every  new  work  on  the 
beautiful,  but  as  yet  imperfectly  developed,  art  of  photo- 
graphy contains,  in  the  experience  of  the  respective 
writer,  some  hints  worth  attending  to,  such  of  our 
readers  as  are  followers  of  it  may  be  glad  to  have  their 
attention  called  to  the  following  brochures  : 

1.  Photographic  Manipulation.     The  Waxed  Process  of 
Gustave  Le  Gray.    Translated  from  the  French,  which 
has  been  issued  by  Messrs.  Knight  and  Son. 

2.  Photographic  Manipulation.      The  Collodion  Process. 
By  Thomas  H.  Hennah,  second  edition ;  published  by  the 
same  firm,  and  very  valuable,  as  giving  the  results  of  the 
experience  of  so  skilful  a  practitioner  as  Mr.  Hennah. 

3.  Practical  Photography  on  Glass  and  Paper,  a  Manual, 
containing  simple  Directions  for  the  production  of  Portraits, 
Views,  §fc.  by  the  agency  of  Light,  including  the  Collodion, 

Albumen,  Calotype,  Waxed  Paper,  and  Positive  Paper 
Processes,  by  Charles  A.  Long,  issued  by  Messrs.  Bland 
and  Long,  and  is  the  production  of  the  last-named  gentle- 
man, and  the  instructions,  being  those  of  a  practical  pho- 
tographer and  man  of  science,  will  be  found  worth  making 
"  a  note  of." 


to 

Pictorial  Editions  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  446.). —  I  think  the  following  have 
not  yet  been  noticed :  they  both  belonged  to  mem- 
bers of  my  family  : 

1.  Printed  by  Thomas  Guy,  and  sold  by  him  at 
the  Oxford  Arms  on  the  West  Side  of  ye  Royal 
Exchange,  12mo.,  London,  1682.    It  contains  fifty 
cuts ;  the  first  a  portrait  of  Charles  II.  by  John 
Drapentier. 

2.  An  engraved  title-page  (the  only  title-page), 
headed  "  The  Book  of  Common  Prayer."     The 
view  represents  a  would-be- Gothic  perspective  of 
a  three-aisle  church,  with  an  apsis,  and  at  the  tran- 
septs a  screen  is  shown. 

3.  Is   prefixed   to   the   beginning   of  Morning 
Prayer,  and  represents  a  priest  on  his  knees  be- 
fore the  holy  table,  and  people  on  their  knees, 
similar  to  the  well-known  cut  in  Sparrow. 

The  other  cuts  seem  to  be  similar  to  those  de- 
scribed by  JARLTZBERG,  p.  446.  There  is  no  me- 
trical version  of  the  Psalms  appended.  There  are 
the  Articles;  and  immediately  preceding  "An 
Order  of  Morning  and  Evening  Prayer,  to  be 
used  on  the  2nd  of  September,  for  the  dreadful 
Fire  of  London."  Query,  When  was  this  form 
discontinued?  Though  this  book  is  dated  1682, 
and  has  a  portrait  of  Charles  II.,  the  prayer  for 
the  king  and  royal  family  is  for  James,  Queen 
Mary,  Catherine  the  queen  dowager,  Mary,  Prin- 
cess of  Orange,  and  Princess  Anne  of  Denmark. 

The  other  pictorial  book  in  my  possession  is 
1738,  18mo.,  printed  by  John  Basket:  the  cuts 
accord  exactly  with  the  description  of  those  in 
the  8vo.  edition  of  the  same  date,  noticed  by  the 
same  correspondent. 

And  this  seems  a  fit  place  to  make  a  Xote,  if  it 
has  not  been  already  done,  of  an  alteration  made 
in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  upon  the  Irish 
Union,  by  an  Order  in  Council,  dated  January  1, 
1801.  In  the  title-page,  instead  of  "  Church  of 
England,"  it  was  altered  to  "  of  the  United  Church 
of  England  and  Ireland."*  In  the  prayer  fur  the 
high  court  of  Parliament,  the  word  "  dominions  " 
was  put  in  loco  "  kingdoms  ; "  and  so  throughout 
where  the  word  occurred.  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

"Peter  Wilkins"  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  17.  112.).— Your 
correspondent  W.L.F.  is  quite  mistaken  in  stating 
"  from  a  note  transcribed  at  the  time  of  the  sale 
[of  Dodsley's  assignments  of  copyrights]  that  the 
author  of  Peter  Wilkins  was  '  Robert  Pat  lock  [not 
Pultock,  as  Leigh  Hunt  writes  it,  or  Paltock,  as 
Southey  calls  him].'  "  I  have  the  original  assign- 
ment, amongst  many  others  of  Dodsley's,  and  on 
referring  to  it  I  find  the  name  distinctly  written 
in  the  assignment  and  in  the  autograph  subscribed 
"  Paltock."  The  assignment,  which  describes  him 

[«  See  "X.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vi.,  pp.  246.  351.— ED.] 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


]S7OTES  AND  QUERIES. 


213 


as  of  "  Clement's  Inn,  Gentleman,"  is  dated  Janu- 
ary 11,  1749,  and  is  made  to  Jacob  Robinson  of 
Ludgate  Street,  bookseller,  and  Robert  Dodsley 
of  Pall  Mall,  bookseller.  The  witnesses  are  James 
Dodsley  and  George  Knapp.  The  consideration 
stated  is  twenty-one  pounds  and  twelve  printed 
copies  in  sheets,  with  the  cuts  of  the  first  impres- 
sion of  the  book  ;  but  the  receipt  endorsed,  and 
which  is  signed  by  Paltock,  is  only  for  ten  guineas, 
Dodsley's  moiety  of  the  purchase-money.  The 
autograph  is  in  a  fine,  flourishing  running-hand. 

Hitherto  nothing  farther  has  been  discovered 
with  respect  to  the  history  or  character  of  the 
author  of  Peter  Wilkins.  Probably  a  careful 
search  amongst  the  documents  of  Clement's  Inn 
might  bring  something  to  light.  The  strong  pro- 
bability is  that  he  was  a  lawyer ;  and  it  is  very 
unlikely  that  Peter  Wilkins  was  his  only  work. 
I  think  I  have  clearly  traced  his  hand  in  another 
work  of  fiction  published  shortly  afterwards,  to 
which,  in  a  future  communication,  I  may  draw 
the  attention  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 

JAS.  CEOSSLET. 

Parochial  Libraries  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  186.). — There 
is  the  following  entry  in  the  old  parochial  register 
of  this  place ;  some  of  the  books  are  still  left,  in 
very  good  condition  : 

"  These  books  underwritten  with  the  following  letter 
were  sent  to  the  Vicar,  December,  1729. 

'  To  the  Reverd.  Mr.  Walton,  Vicar  of  Corbridge. 
'  Reverd.  Sr  December  14th,  1729. 

'  1  herewith  have  sent  to  your  care  a  small  offering  of 
books,  being  all  you  were  pleasd  to  recommend.  I  have 
writ  upon  each  one  that  they  should  not  be  lent  out  of  the 
Vestry  or  Church,  but  be  there  in  common  for  every 
person ;  and  God  grant  that  they  may  be  of  such  use  to 
your  Parishioners  as  may  answer  the  desires  and  inten- 
tions of  your  unknown  though  humble  serv1.' 

"  1.  One  Common  Prayer  Book  in  fo. 

2.  Burkitt's  Paraphrase  of  the  New  Testament  in  fo. 

3.  4.  5.  6.  7.  8.  Six   Prayer  Books  with  the  Com- 
munion Service  in  8vo. 

9.  Nelson's  Festivals  in  8vo. 
10.  11.  Two  books.  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man.  Do. 

12.  Hole's  Exposition  of  the  Church  Catechism.  Do. 

13.  Wheatly's  Illustration  of  the  Common  Praj-er.   Do. 

14.  Taylor's  Worthy  Communicant.  Do. 

15.  Burkitt's  Poor  Man's  Help.  Do. 

16.  Another  of  the  same. 

17.  18.  19.  Three  volumnes,  Ostervall's  Arguments  of 
the  Books  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament. 

"  N.  B.  Whereas  the  above-mentioned  books  were 
ordered  to  be  kept  in  vestry  without  liberty  of  lending 
y™  out,  application  was  afterwards  made  to  the  Benefacf 
for  liberty  of  lending  ym,  on  condition  that  the  damage 
done  to  them,  or  the  loss  which  might  happen  by  that 
means,  should  be  repaired  at  the  publick  expence'of  the 
Parish,  and  this  proposal  was  not  rejected. 

JOHN  WALTON,  Vicr. 

"P.  S.  It  appeared  (after  the  death  of  the  person)  that 
M™.  Alice  Colepits,  of  Newcastle,  widow,  was  ye  Bene- 
factress." 

J.  EASTWOOD. 

Corbridge. 


Barristers'  Gowns  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  323.)-  —  The 
lapel  or  piece  which  hangs  at  the  back  of  a  bar- 
rister's gown  is  evidently  a  hood,  retained  as  an. 
ornament  or  badge  long  after  the  use  of  it  had 
ceased,  and  so  diminished  in  size  as  to  have  become 
merely  a  symbol. 

The  following  passage  from  De  Caumont's  Cours 
d1 Antiquites  Monumentales,  vol.  vi.,  note,  p.  382., 
confirms  this  view  of  the  case : 

"  Le  chaperon  etait  une  coiffure  en  usage  pour  les 
hommes,  jusqu'au  regne  de  Charles  VI.  Vers  cette 
e'poque,  les  docteurs  et  les  juristes,  qui  avaient  1'habitude 
de  porter  le  chaperon,  le  suspendirent  sur  leur  epaule; 
bientot  ils  y  substituerent  une  piece  carre"e  d'hermine,  qui 
n'en  otfrit  que  le  symbole.  '  Lorsqne  1'usage  des  chape- 
rons commen9a  a  disparaitre,  dit  Pasquier,  les  magistrats, 
les  gens  de  loi,  les  docteurs,  etc.,  porterent  lors  leur  cha- 
perons sur  leurs  epaules,  pour  les  reprendre  tout  et  tank 
de  fois  que  bon  leur  semblerait.  Comme  toutes  choses  par 
traites  et  successions  des  temps  tombent  en  non  chaloir, 
ainsi  s'est  du  tout  laisse  la  coutume  de  ce  chaperon,  et  est 
seulement  demeure  pardevant  les  gens  de  palais  et  maitres 
es  arts,  qui  encore  portent  leur  chaperon  sur  les  epaules, 
et  leur  bonnet  roud  sur  la  tete.'  "  — V.  Millin,  Monuments 
Franfais  inedits, 

EDGAR  MACCULLOCH. 

Guernsey. 

At  Oxford  "a  lapel  or  piece"  similar  to  that  which 
hangs  from  the  barrister's  gown,  is  attached  to  the 
gowns  of  noblemen,  and  also  to  the  "academicals" 
of  the  proctors  and  preachers  of  the  university 
sermons.  In  these  cases  is  this  piece  of  cloth  "  a 
diminutive  representation  of  the  ancient  hood,"  or 
a  badge,  by  which  its  wearers  may  be  distinguished 
from  the  profanum  vulgus  f  F.  M.  MIDDLETON. 

The  Paxs  Pennies  of  William  the  Conqueror 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  562.).  —  Allow  me  to  remove  W.  M. 
F.'s  objections  to  a  very  common  type  of  the 
pennies  of  William  I.  being  called  the  pax-type. 

W.  M.  F.  is  probably  aware  that  the  Saxon  w 
(J>)  so  nearly  approached  the  p  in  form,  that  it  is 
not  to  be  wondered  at,  if,  on  coins,  they  cannot  to 
a  certainty  be  distinguished  ;  but  that  the  form  J> 
is  used  for  both  w  and  p  on  coins  of  the  Con- 
queror, may  be  proved  from  those  of  the  Ipswich 
mint,  on  which  the  name  of  the  town  is  given, 
GIPSPI.  There  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  way 
in  which  the  disjoined  letters  P.A.X.S.  are  to  be 
connected  and  read ;  as  on  coins  of  Edward  the 
Confessor,  Harold  II.,  and  Henry  I.,  the  word 
PAX  is  placed  straight  across  the  field  of  the  re- 
verse. The  final  s  of  PAXS  presents  a  difficulty, 
and  has  been  the  subject  of  much  conjecture. 
Ruding  interprets  the  legend  as  "  pax  subditis," 
and  Ma.  HAWKINS  has  suggested  "  pax  sit"  as  a 
possible  explanation.  I  am  myself  inclined  to 
believe  that  the  s  is  merely  a  superfluous  letter 
introduced  by  the  moneyer,  to  fill  up  what  would 
have  been  a  vacant  angle  of  the  cross  ;  and  this 
view  is  supported  by  our  finding  the  word  spelt 
PACX  in  similar  situation?,  on  coins  of  Canute  and 


214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


the  Confessor.  But  however  the  pre- 
the  s  is  to  be  explained,  there  is  not  the 
cause  to  doubt  that  the  word  PAX  was 
to  appear  on  these  coins.  JOHN  EVANS. 

-A  superfluous  s  after  x  is  not  uncom- 
Latin  inscriptions,  and  even  in  some 
manuscripts.  Vide  Key's  Alphabet,  fyc. 


Edward 
sence  of 
slightest 
intended 

P.S.- 

mon  in 
existing 
p.  108. 

Inn  Signs  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  494.). — In  reply  to  S.  A., 
I  may  mention  that  the  sign  of  "  The  Green  Man 
and  Still"  has  been  conjectured  to  owe  its  origin 
to  some  of  the  numerous  legends  of  the  destruc- 
tion of  dragons,  serpents,  or  worms  by  heroes  of 
old,  such  as  St.  George  and  the  Dragon  and  the 
Lambton  Worm ;  a  portion  of  a  still  having  a  re- 
semblance to  a  serpent  coiled. 

Others,  from  the  colour  of  the  man,  have  at- 
tempted to  connect  it  with  Robin  Hood,  "that 
forester  bold ;  "  but  how  they  explain  the  still  I 
have  forgotten. 

It  has  also  been  suggested,  with  an  eye  to  a 
more  literal  explanation,  that  the  Green  Man  may 
have  been  some  notorious  brewer  of  illic't  whiskey, 
the  still  meaning  what  it  looks  like  ;  but  here  the 
reason  of  the  man  being  green  does  not  appear, 
especially  as  men  of  that  class  are,  at  least  morally 
speaking,  anything  but  green.  Perhaps  the  sup- 
porters of  this  theory  would  point  to  the  verdant 
isle  as  the  most  favoured  locale  for  the  true 
Potheen,  and  hold  that  the  painter  gave  the  man 
the  hue  of  his  country,  simply  intending  to  repre- 
sent a  "  Paddy  from  Cork."  S.  A.  may  take  his 
choice  of  the  explanations.  M.  H.  R. 

P.  S.  I  presume  your  readers  have  heard  of  the 
translation  of  the  sign  in  a  French  newspaper, 
"  IShomme  est  vert  et  tranquille." 

Druids  and  Druidism  (Vol.  x.,  p.  105.). — I  beg 
to  add  two  or  three  books  to  your  list  on  the  sub- 
ject of  Druids,  their  religion,  and  remains.  One 
of  them,  printed  at  Lichfield  "  by  and  for  T.  G. 
Lomax,"  and  published  in  London  (1810)  by 
Longmans'  house,  is  entitled  A  Complete  History 
of  the  Druids ;  their  Origin,  Manners,  Customs, 
Powers,  Temples,  Rites,  and  Superstitions :  with  an 
Inquiry  into  their  Religion,  and  its  Coincidence  with 
the  Patriarchal.  It  is  a  curious  little  volume, 
illustrated  by  two  plates :  one  representing  a 
Druid,  and  the  other  "  the  wicker  image,"  filled 
with  human  beings  ready  to  be  offered  as  a  burnt 
sacrifice  to  their  idols.  Another  work  I  have  to 
cite  is  The  Druid,  a  Tragedy,  by  a  worthy  lover 
of  antiquarian  studies,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas 
Cromwell,  the  author  of  Oliver  Cromwell  and  his 
Times,  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  great  Pro- 
tector. The  notes  to  the  tragedy  are  elaborate, 
and  full  of  curious  illustrations  of  the  antiquities 
and  early  history  of  Ireland.  It  may  not  be  de- 
void of  interest,  having  named  this  tragedy,  to 


state  that  it  is  dedicated  to  Coleridge,  "  in  grate- 
ful recollection  of  his  opinion  of  the  work,  on 
perusing  it  in  manuscript  in  the  year  1820"  — 
no  unimportant  witness  in  favour  of  the  merits  of 
the  work.  See  also  Fosbroke's  Encyclopaedia  of 
Antiquities,  4to.  edit.,  1825  (vol.  ii.  pp.  662-664.), 
in  the  course  of  which  account  very  numerous 
authorities  are  quoted ;  too  numerous,  indeed,  to 
be  repeated  here.  I  would  farther  call  special 
attention  to  p.  920.  of  the  same  admirable  work : 
where,  among  the  "additions  and  emendations," 
the  author  refers  to  the  curious  circumstance  of 
"  cromlechs,  rocking-stones,  stone  circles,  and 
other  pretended  Celtick  remains,"  existing  in  "the 
also  pretended  NEW  icorld."  I  give  the  Italics  and 
small  capitals  as  Fosbroke  presents  them,  so  as  to 
preserve  the  relative  degrees  of  emphasis  intended 
by  the  writer.  JAMES  J.  SCOTT. 

Downshire  Hill,  Hampstead. 

Old  Ballad  (Vol.x.,  p.  127.).  —  This  was  pro- 
bably a  Derbyshire  version  of  the  Scottish  ballad 
of  "  Lord  Thomas  and  Fair  Annet"  given  in 
Percy's  Reliques ;  or  rather  of  the  earlier  one  en- 
titled "Lord  Thomas  and  Fair  Elinor,"  to  be 
found  in  the  same  work,  Series  III.  Book  i. 
Ballad  xv. : 

"  This  browne  bride  had  a  little  penknife, 

That  was  both  long  and  sharpe, 
And  betwixt  the  short  ribs  and  the  long, 
She  prick'd  faire  Ellinor's  harte. 

Oh,  art  thou  blind,  Lord  Thomas  ?  she  sayd, 

Or  canst  thou  not  very  well  see  ? 
Oh !  dost  thou  not  see  my  owne  heart's  bloode 

Kan  trickling  down  my  knee." 

W.  J.  BEKNHARD  SMITH. 

Temple. 

Bernard  Mandeville  (Vol.  x.,  p.  129.).— In  your 
answer  to  this  Query  of  C.  H.  (2),  you  refer  to 
"  the  collected  edition  of  his  works,  four  volumes, 
1728."  Surely  no  such  edition  exists.  If  there 
be  a  collected  edition  of  his  writings,  of  which 
nearly  a  correct  list  will  be  found  in  Lowndes's 
Bibliographer's  Manual,  and  Watt's  Bibliotheca 
Britannica,  it  will  be  a  surprise  to  me,  and  I  shall 
be  very  glad  to  make  its  acquaintance,  having 
been  an  assiduous  collector  of  every  thing  of  and 
relating  to  Mandeville  for  many  years  past. 

JAS.  CROSSLET. 

[On  more  carefully  inspecting  the  copy  of  Mandeville's 
Works,  previously  consulted,  we  find  the  lettering  of  the 
binder  misled  us.  It  is  a  collected  edition  of  his  pieces, 
but  printed  at  different  times,  uniformly  bound,  and  con-, 
secutively  endorsed  Vols.  I.  II.  III.  IV.] 

"Forgive,  llest  shade"  fyc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  241.; 
Vol.  x.,  pp.  133. 152.).— These  lines  appear  to  be 
altered  from  the  commencing  stanzas  of  an  elegy 
"  On  the  death  of  Mr.  Hervey,"  by  Miss  Steele  of 
Broughton,  Hants,  which  I  find  published  in  the 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


215 


collection  of  her  poems  {Poems  on  Subjects  chiefly 
Devotional,  in  two  volumes,  a  new  edition,  by 
Theodosia,  Bristol,  1780),  vol.ii.  p.  71. : 

"  ON  THE  DEATH   OF  MR.   HEUVEY. 

"  0  Hervey,  honour'd  name,  forgive  the  tear, 

That  mourns  thy  exit  from  a  world  like  this ; 
Forgive  the  wish  that  would  have  kept  thee  here, 
Fond  wish !  have  kept  thee  from  the  seats  of  bliss. 

"  No  more  confin'd  to  these  low  schemes  of  night, 

Pent  in  a  feeble  tenement  of  clay ; 
Should  we  not  rather  hail  thy  glorious  flight, 
And  trace  thy  journey  to  the  realms  of  day." 

The  epitaph  to  the  memory  of  Mrs.  Ann  Berry, 
and  two  others,  are  stated  in  Barber's  Isle  of 
White,  p.  29.,  to  be  "  from  the  pen  of  the  late 
Rev.  Mr.  Gill,  curate  of  Newchurch."  What  is 
the  date  of  the  tombstone  in  Brading  church- 
yard ?  HENRY  GEO.  TOMKINS. 

Weston-super-Mare. 

FitchetCs  '•'•Alfred  the  Great"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  102.). 
—  The  author  of  this  poem  was  an  attorney  at 
Warrington.  He  died  about  the  year  1832,  and 
left  a.  sum  of  money  to  be  applied  towards  the 
publication  of  his  work.  He  requested  his  friend 
and  former  pupil,  Mr.  Robert  Roscoe,  to  super- 
intend the  publication  of  the  poem.  Mr.  Roscoe 
was  one  of  the  sons  of  William  Roscoe  of  Liver- 
pool, and  died  a  few  years  ago.  W.  R. 

Leicester. 

Books  burnt  by  the  common  hangman  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  425. ;  Vol.  Xj,  p.  12.).  —  I  am  surprised  that  no 
one  has  yet  mentioned  the  two  famous  sermons  of 
Dr.  Sacheverel,  which  were  ordered  to  be  burnt  be- 
fore the  Royal  Exchange  in  London,  between  the 
hours  of  one  and  two  of  the  clock,  on  March  27, 
1710,  by  the  hands  of  the  common  hangman,  in 
the  presence  of  the  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
London  and  the  Sheriffs  of  London  and  Middlesex. 
At  the  same  time  was  burnt  the  Oxford  Decree  of 
1683,  which  had  been  reprinted  under  the  title 
of  An  Entire  Confutation  of  Mr.  Hoadleys  Book 
of  the  Original  of  Government,  taken  from  the 
London  Gazette,  published  by  authority. 

During  the  civil  war,  Sir  Edward  Bering,  of 
unhappy  notoriety,  in  vindication  of  himself  from 
censorious  attacks,  printed  a  collection  of  his 
speeches  in  matters  of  religion,  for  which  he  was 
expelled  the  House,  and  his  l>ook  was  burnt  by 
the  common  hangman. — (Vide  Southey's  Book  of 
the  Church,  vol.  ii.  p.  411.) 

The  following  extract  is  from  Hearne's  MS. 
Diary,  Oct.  3,  1713,  cited  in  Letters,  8fc.  (from 
the  Bodleian  Library),  vol.  i.  p.  261. : 

"  There  having  been  no  Terra  filins  speech,  tV  is  last 
act,  quite  contrary  to  what  the  statutes  direct  (occasioned 
by  the  contrivance  of  the  Vice-Cliancellor  and  Proctors), 
there  hath  been  one  since  printed  in  which  the  Vice- 
Chancellor  and  some  other  Heads  of  Houses  are  severely 
reflected  upon,  nay,  ten  times  more  severely  than  ever 


happened  at  the  Theatre  or  elsewhere,  when  the  Terras 
filius  was  allowed  to  speak ;  which  hath  so  nettled  the 
Vice-Chanc.  and  others,  that  on  Thursday,  in  the  after- 
noon, both  he  and  other  Heads  of  Houses  met  in  the 
Apodyterium,  and  resolved  that  it  should  be  burnt.  And, 
accordingly,  yesterday,  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
there  was  a  Convocation,  in  which  the  Vice-Chancellor 
was  continued  for  another  year,  and  the  speech  was  pro- 
posed to  be  burnt.  And,  accordingly,  the  said  speech, 
was  burnt,  which  act,  however,  is  only  generally  laughed 
at,  it  being  a  certain  sure  way  to  publish  it  and  make  it 
more  known." 

I  have  seen  somewhere  that  the  works  of  Sir 
David  Lindsay,  the  Scottish  poet  in  the  16th 
century,  were  ordered  to  be  burnt  in  consequence 
of  his  tone  in  regard  to  religion  and  the  Church. 

E.  H.  A. 

In  a  Catalogue  of  Puttick  and  Simpson's,  May 
26,  1851,  I  find  that  Coward's  Second  Thoughts 
concerning  the  Human  Soul  (1702)  was  burnt. 

P.  J.  F.  GANTJLLOIT. 

Holy  Loaf  Money  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  150.,  256.,  586., 
Vol.  x.,  p.  133.). — The  correspondent  from  Bos- 
ton, THOMAS  COLLIS,  who  expresses  a  wish  that 
DR.  ROCK  or  myself  would  give  some  information 
of  the  nature  and  origin  of  the  custom  of  distri- 
buting blessed  bread  at  high  mass  in  France  and 
the  Low  Countries,  must  have  overlooked  a  com- 
munication of  mine  in  "N.  &  Q."  (Vol.  x.,  p.  36.) 
signed  with  my  initials,  F.  C.  H.  There  is  little 
that  can  be  added  to  the  information  there  given. 
In  the  first  ages  of  the  Church,  all  who  assisted  at 
mass  received  the  Holy  Communion  ;  but  when  so 
frequent  communion  was  no  longer  practised,  it 
became  customary  to  distribute  to  those  who  did 
not,  actually  communicate  a  small  piece  of  common 
bread,  previously  blessed  by  prayer.  The  inten- 
tion of  this  was  to  remind  the  recipients  that  we 
are  all,  ns  St.  Paul  expresses  it,  '•'•one  bread,  one 
body  all  that  partake  of  one  bread"  (1  Cor.  x.  17). 
Should  THOMAS  COLLIS  desire  any  further  infor- 
mation on  this  interesting  ceremony,  I  shall  be 
happy,  if  able,  to  give  it.  F.  C.  HOSENBETH. 

The  origin  of  the  custom  of  distributing  blessed 
bread  at  mass  is  correctly  explained  by  F.  C.  H. 
(Vol.  x  ,  p.  36  ).  In  this  colony,  of  French  origin, 
the  custom  is  still  retained,  but  its  observance  is 
restricted  to  certain  solemn  festivals.  On  these 
occasions  the  bread,  or  gateau,  is  supplied  by  the 
principal  public  functionaries  (each  in  his  turn) 
who  may  happen  to  be  Roman  Catholics. 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Can  a  man  speak  after  he  is  dead?  (Vol.  x., 
p.  87.)  — I  follow  the  heading  of  your  correspon- 
dent \Y.  W.,  but  should  prefer  to  state  the  en- 
quiry thus  :  Can  a  man  speak  without  his  heart  or 
bowi'ls,  or  both?  In  the  Memoirs  of  Missionary 
Pj-iest.s,  frc.,  who  suffered  death  in  England  on 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


Religious  Accounts,  by  Bishop  Challoner,  in  the 
relation  of  the  barbarous  execution  of  a  priest, 
Edmund  Genings,  at  Tyburn,  on  the  10th  of 
December,  1591,  the  author  writes  as  follows  : 

"After  he  was  ripped  up  and  his  bowels  cast  into  the 
fire,  'if  credit  maybe  given,'  says  his  brother  (who  wrote 
his  life,  published  at  St.  Omers,  1614),  p.  86, '  to  hundreds 
of  people  standing  by,  and  to  the  hangman  himself,  the 
blessed  martyr,  his  heart  being  in  the  executioner's  hand, 
uttered  these  words,  Sancte  Gregori  ora  pro  me,  which 
the  hangman  hearing,  swore  a  most  wicked  oath, 

•  Z ds !  see,  his  heart  is  in  my  hand,  and  yet  Gregory 

is  in  his  mouth.     O  egregious  Papist ! '  " 

F.  C.  H. 

Milton's  Mulberry  Tree  (Vol.  x.,  p.  46.).  —  I 
am  happy  to  be  able  to  inform  GARLICHITHE  that 
"  Milton's  mulberry  "  still  nourishes  in  the  garden 
of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge.  About  six  years 
ago  the  trunk,  which  was  reduced  by  decay  to  a 
mere  shell,  was  completely  covered  by  a  mound  of 
earth,  with  the  best  effect.  The  old  tree  is  now 
in  luxuriant  foliage,  with  abundant  promise  of 
fruit.  S.  C. 

Christ's  College. 

"  De  male  gucesiiis  "  (Vol.  ii.,  p.  167.;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  600.).  —  An  earlier  citation  of  this  line  than 
those  adduced  by  R.  P.  and  BIBLIOTH.  CHETHAM- 
ENSIS,  occurs  in  Walsinghara's  Hist.  Ang.,  a  writer 
who  seems  rather  fond  of  quoting  Latin  poetry, 
and  included  in  Camden's  Anglica,  Normanica, 
&c.: 

"  Quia  de  male  qnsesitis  vix  gaudet  tertins  hasres ; 
Nee  habet  eventus  sordida  praeda  bonos." 

P.  260.,  edit.  Francof.  1603. 

Were  it  not  for  something  of  false  quantity,  the 
smoothness  of  these  lines  would  seem  to  carry 
them  back  to  a  more  classical  period.  They  are 
rather  Ovidian.  Novus. 

Prior's  Epitaph  on  himself  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  283.). — 
A  correspondent  in  the  Antiquarian  Repertory, 
printed  in  1784,  observes  : 

"  I  lately  met  with  the  following  very  ancient  epitaph 
upon  a  tombstone  in  Scotland,  and  it  is  undoubtedly  that 
from  which  Matthew  Prior  borrowed  those  well  known 
lines  intended  for  his  own  monument : 

"  John  Carnagie  lies  here, 

Descended  from  Adam  and  Eve : 
If  any  can  boast  of  a  pedigree  higher, 
lie  will  willingly  give  them  leave." 

G.  BLENCOWE. 


In   the  London  Journal,   Oct.  19.   1723,   is   an 
answer  to  Matthew  Prior's  epitaph  on  himself : 

"  Hold,  Matthew  Prior,  by  your  leave, 

Your  epitaph  is  something  odd ; 
Bourbon  and  you  are  sons  of  Eve, 
But  Nassau  is  a  son  of  God." 

J.  Y. 


Radcliff  Pedigree  (Vol.  x.,  p.  164.).  — Being 
engaged  in  perfecting  the  pedigree  of  Radcliffs  of 
Ordsall,  Lancashire,  who  were  of  the  same  family 
as  Sir  Richard  Radcliffe,  K.G.,  the  intimate  asso- 
ciate of  King  Richard  III.  your  correspondent, 
A  CONSTANT  HEADER,  inquires  after,  I  am  enabled 
to  answer  his  Query  at  once.  Besides  the  above 
valiant  knight,  there  was  another  named  Sir  John 
Radcliffe,  K.B.,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of  King 
Henry  VI.,  both  being  of  the  same  family.  The 
arms  borne  by  these  knights,  as  well  as  by  the 
Ordsall  Radcliffes,  were  :  "  Argent,  a  bend  en- 
grailed, sable;"  being  precisely  the  same  arms 
(with  the  addition  of  a  coronet)  as  those  borne  by 
the  noble  house  of  Derwentwater,  to  which  family 
they  claimed  alliance.  T.  P.  L. 

Letter  of  James  II.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  66.).  —  The 
substance  of  this  document,  though  not  the  original, 
is  contained  in  the  Lambeth  MSS.,  No.  941.  p. 
101.  The  notice  in  the  printed  catalogue  is  as 
follows  : 

"Abstract  of  the  Princess  of  Orange's  Letter  to  her 
father  King  James  II.,  about  his  turning  papist,  with  the 
substance  of  the  king's  letter  to  the  princess  on  that  sub- 
ject. Without  date." 

But  I  am  not  aware  that  it  has  ever  been 
printed  ;  it  is  not  to  be  found  either  in  Clarke's 
Memoirs,  nor  in  Fox's  Appendix  to  the  Life  of 
James  II.  C.  H.  (1.) 

Scottish  Songs  (Vol.  x.,  p.  126.).  — A  song  by 
Robert  Crawford,  "  Hear  me  ye  nymphs,  and 
ev'ry  swain,"  &c.,  to  the  tune  of  "  The  bush  aboon 
Traquair,"  will  be  found  in  the  Vocal  Melodies  of 
Scotland,  by  Dun  and  Thomson,  vol.  iv.  p.  42. 
Several  songs  to  eacli  of  the  tunes  of  "  The  yel- 
low-haired laddie,"  "  Wandering  Willie,"  and 
many  more,  are  contained  in  the  Muaical  Cyclo- 
paedia, a  collection  of  English,  Scottish,  and  Irish 
songs,  by  Jas.  Wilson,  Esq.,  1834.  F.  C.  H. 

Female  Parish  Clerks  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  162.  431.). 
—  There  was  only  a  poor  wretched  ragged  woman, 
a  female  clerk,  to  show  us  this  church  (Coliuinp- 
ton,  co.  Devon).  She  pays  a  man  for  doing  the 
duty,  while  she  receives  the  salary,  in  right,  of  her 
deceased  husband. — D'Arblay's  Diary,  vol.  v. 
p.  206  (1791).  E.  H.  A. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTK!)    TO    PURCHASE. 

POPE'S    Sonr.R  ,\  DV jrE  TO  Yorwo  MEN  os  IMITATION  OF   Iloi-.ACB,   Sat. 

II..  Lib.  I.    P.,blH.ed  byfurll 
Ma.  POPE'S  COKHT  POEMS.    Pub>i.- lied  by  Curl). 
THE  RAPE  OF  THE  S.W.CK,    Published  by  Curll. 
COBBFTT'S  STITE  TRIALS.    8vo.,  Vol.  VIII. 
GREY'S  HHDIBRAS.     1744.    Vol.  I, 

*»»  Lettei-s,  statin?  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carric 
Bent  to  Jla.  BEIJ.,  Publisher  of  "NOTES  AND 
186.  Fleet  Street. 


SEPT.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent  direct  to 
the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose : 
ROXBURGH'S  FLORA  INDICA. 
MARSHALL'S  CEYLON. 
KNOX  AND  PHII,ALETHES  ov  CEYLON. 
MAJOR  JOHNS-TONE'S  NARRATIVE  or  CEVI.ON. 
BENNETT'S  CEYLON. 

Wanted  by  W.  S.  Baxter.  9,  Ironmonger  Lane,  Cheapside. 


RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW.    Noe.  11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,  and  26. 
"Wanted  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Lung,  Bookseller,  Hull. 


DR.  ALEXANDER  GEDDES'  LETTER  TO  DR.  JOHN  DorotAs,  BISHOP  OF  CBN- 
TURIA.    4to.    London,  1794. 
Wanted  by  Arcttdeacon  Cotton,  Thurles,  co.  Tipperary,  Ireland. 


GRAVES'  REMINISCENCES  OF  SHENSTONE. 
INDOLENCE  ;  a  Poem,  by  Madame  Cilesia.    1772. 

Wanted  by  Frederick  Dinsdale,  Esq. ,  Leamington. 


An  imperfect  cony,  or  2nd  Volume,  of  FOXE'S  MARTYRS.    Folio.    1583. 
The  last  few  leaves  of  CALVIN'S  CATECHISM  FOR  CHILDREN.    8vo.     15G8.-9, 

or  70  ;  or  page  81.  only,  in  roman  print,  often  bound  with  the  Geneva 

Bible,  by  Crisnin.     1568. 
The  last  leaf  of  Tables  of  the  BISHOPS'  Bmr  E.     1572.    Or  an  imperfect 

copy  having  the  beginning  or  end  of  the  book. 
TINDALE'S  4-ro  TESTAMENT,  by  Jugge,  1552.    An  imperfect  copy  having 

the  pre  I  iminnry  matter. 
An  imperfect  JOBOB'S  4io  BISHOPS'  BIBLE,  with  preliminary  matter  or 

last  leaves. 
List"  The  names  of  all  the  Books  of  the  Bible,"  being  one  leaf  of  CRAN- 

MER'sKoLio  BIBLE,  by  Whitchurch.     1553. 
The  Kalen'ler  which  belongs  to  TINDALK'S  TESTAMENT,  with  Erasmus's 

Latin.    Printed  by  Redman.    1538.    Or  any  pages  of  the  Kalender. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Francis  Fry,  Cotham,  Bristol. 


MISCELLANIES:  The  tenth  volume,  by  Dr.  Swift.    12mo.   London.    1751. 
CLARENDON'S  HTSTORY  op  THE  REBELLION,  &c.    Vol.  I.,  pts.  1  and  2. 

8vo.    Oxford,  1717. 
PHW-EEIMNGS  op  TH«  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  op  LOKDOK.    No  102  of  Vol. 

Wanted  by  W.  C.  Trecelyau,  Esq.,  Wallington,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

AGNES  DB  CASTRO  (a  Tragedy"),  by  Mrs.  Catherine  Trotter,  afterwards 
Mrs.  Cockburn.    4to.,  represented  at  the  Theatre  Royal  in  1695. 

Wanted  by  John  Adamson,  Esq.,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 


SIR  FRANCIS  WoaiLEy'g  CHARACTERS   AND  ELEGIES.     4to.     London. 
1646. 

Wanted  by  Henningham  and  Hollis,  5,  Mount  Street,  Grosvenor- 
Square. 


POPE'S  LITERARY  CORRESPONDENCE,  published  by  Curll.  6vols.    1735-6. 
FOP»  AND  SWIPT'S  MISC«LLANIES.    Motte.    2  Vols.    1727. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  Esq.,  25,  Holywell  Street,  Millbank, 
Westminster. 


to 


The  length  of  the  vert/  interesting  article  Pop*  AMD  THE  PIRATE*,  which 
we  were  unwilling  to  divide,  and  the  number  O/RBPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES 
waiting  for  insertion,  have  induced  u»  to  omit  our  usual  NOTES  ON  BOOKS. 

PETER  HcTcniNsow.  We  have  a  letter  for  tltis  correspondent.  Where 
shall  it  be  forwarded  f 

'  META.    Thorp  is  an  ancient  Saxon  name  far  a  village. 

CENTURION.  On  the  prayer  for  Consecration  of  Colours,  see  "  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  i.,  pp.  10.  75.  . 

F.  WILLIAMS.  The  French  translation  of  The  Talmud  is  noticed  at  p. 
128.  of  ovr  present  volume. 

EBRAXUM.  —  Vol.  x.,  p.  120.,  /or"nens  "  read"  neus"  in  both  places. 

A  few  complete  sets  of"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES,"  Vols.  i.  to  \x.,r>ricefoitr 
ffidneas  and  a  half,  may  now  be  had.  For  these,  early  application  is 
desirable. 

"NOTES  AND  QUERIES"  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that  the 
Country  Bookseuers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels,  and 
deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 

"NOTES  AND  QUERIES"  is  also  issued  in  Monthly  Parts,/«r  the  con- 
venience of  those  who  may  either  have  a  diffciflty  in  nrocvriag  the  un- 
stamped weekly  Numbers,  or  prefer  receiving  it  monthly.  While  parlies 
resident  in  the  country  or  abroad,  who  maybe  desirous  of  receiving  the, 
weekly  Numbers,  may  have  stamped  copies  forwarded  direct  from  the 
Publisher.  The  subscription  for  the  stamped  edition  of  "NOTES  ANIT 


TTARLEY'S      BRITISH      CA- 

V  SANA  CIGARS,  filled  with  the  finest 
Cabana  leaf:  they  are  unequalled  at  the  price, 
14s.  per  Ib.,  and  are  extensively  sold  as  foreign. 
The  Editor  of  the  Agricultural  Mnr/asine  for 
August,  P  R3.,  in  an  article  on  "Cigars."  ob- 
serves :  The  upgearanct.  and  flavour  very 
closely  approximate  to  llavanndh  cigars,  we 
ttrongly  recommend  them." 

FOREIGN  CIGARS  of  the  most  approved 
brands  weighed  from  the  chests. 
TOBACCOS  of  the  first  qualities. 
J.  F.  VARLEY  &  CO., 
Importers  of  Merschamms,  &c., 
The   HAVANNAH    STORES,    364.    Oxford 
Street,  exactly  opposite  the  Princess's  The- 
atre. 


ALLSOPFS  PALE  or  BITTER 
ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SOXS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 

LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 

MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 

DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 

GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 

DTTBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quav. 

BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  llall. 

SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street. Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  takp  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medicnl  Profession,  mny 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  acrois  it. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and   Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEATJS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS,  1 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re-  | 
quisites,  Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by  i 
tost  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.   ALLEN'S   registered  Despatch-  | 

box    and   Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag  i 

with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the  | 

new    I'ortmonteaii  containing  four  compart-  i 

ments,  are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the  i 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


PENNETT'S       MODEL 

I  )  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
nil  Climates,  may  now  he  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  0,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  in,  and  8  guineas.  Duto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  6,  and  s  guineas.  Superior  I^e ver,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold.  27,  23,  and  Id 
guineas.  Bennett's  PoeketChronometer.Gold, 
50  L'uinens  :  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skiltully  examined,  timed. and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  Vl.,  31.,  and  \l.  Ther- 
mometers from  1*.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Doard  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE, 


PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

I  each — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  17851,  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "We.  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Hoyal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  hearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  r  cher  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tern-' 
perament,  while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir, nrdrawin<_'-r<>om.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  BNhop.  J.  Blew- 
itt.  J.  Briz/.i,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Debvanti,  C.  H. 
Dolhy,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison.  If.  F.  HW, 
J.  L.  Hatton.  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe.  U.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land.  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler.  E.  J.  Ixxler.  W.  H. 
Montgomery.  S.  Nelson.  G.  A.  O-horne.  John 
Parry, H.  Panof  ka.  Henry  Phillips,  K.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault.  Frank  Romer.  G.  H.  Rudwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright.  '  \-c. 
D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  2n.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 

DR.  DE  JONGH'S  LIGHT 
BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL  The  most 
cf-xHual  remedy  for  CONSUMPTION, 
BRONCHITIS,  ASTHMA,  GOUT.  RHEU- 
MATISM, and  all  SCROI  UI.OUS  COM- 
PLAINTS. Pure  and  unadulterated,  con- 
taining all  its  most  active  au.l  essential 
principle*— effecting  a  cure  much  more  rapidly 
than  any  other  kind.  Prescribed  by  the  most 
eminent  Medical  Men,  and  supplied  to  the 
ieailing  Hospitals  of  Europe.  Half  pint 
bottles.  2«.  (kt;  pints,  4,».  »</.,  IMPERIAL 
MEASURE.  Wholesale  and  Retail  Depot, 
ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77.  Strand. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  254. 


0f 


ANCIENT  AND  MODERN  : 


ENGRAVINGS 


THE  PRIVATE  COLLECTIONS  OF  PICTURES  OF  HER  MOST  GRACIOUS  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN  AND 
HIS  ROYAL  HIGHNESS  PRINCE  ALBERT,  AND  THE  ART  HEIRLOOMS  OF  THE  CROWN,  AT 
WINDSOR  CASTLE,  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE,  AND  OSBORNE. 

EDITED  BY  S.  C.  HALL.  F.S.A.,  &c. 

THIS  Work  consists  of  a  Series  of  Engravings  from  Pictures,  either  the  private  acquisitions  of  Her  Most  Gracious  Majesty  the  Queen  and  HU 
Royal  Highness  the  Prince  Consort,  or  heir-looms  of  the  Crown,  obtained  from  time  to  time,  by  respective  British  Sovereigns. 

From  the  very  extensive  Collections  at  Windsor  Castle,  Buckingham  Palace,  and  Osborne,  Her  Majesty  and  His  Royal  Highness  Prince 
Albert  have  graciously  permitted  a  selection  to  be  made — comprising  the  choicest  Works  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Schools  :  such  selected  pictures 
to  be  engraved  and  published  in  the  form  in  which  they  are  here  presented  to  ihe  Public. 

The  Series  is,  therefore,  issued  under  the  direct  sanction  and  immediate  Patronage  of  Her  Majesty,  and  His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert ; 
and  is  to  them  Dedicated  by  special  permission. 

This  grace  has  been  accorded  in  order  that  acquaintance  with  the  best  productions  of  the  best  Masters  may  influence  and  improve  public  taste  : 
and  that  the  advantages  which  Art  is  designed  and  calculated  to  confer  generally,  may  be  largely  spread— that,  in  short,  all  classes  may,  as  far  a* 
possible,  participate  in  the  enjoyment  and  instruction  Her  Majesty  and  Her  Royal  Consort  derive  from  the  Works  they  have  collected,  or  that 
were  bequeathed  to  them,  and  which  form  the  cherished  treasures  of  their  several  Homes. 

The  Collections  at  Buckingham  Palace  and  at  Windsor  Castle  are  to  some  extent  known  ;  many  of  them  being  rare  and  valuable  heir-looms  of 
the  Crown.  At  Buckingham  Palace  are  famous  examples  of  the  Dutch  and  Flemish  Schools,  unsurpassed  in  Europe  :  and  at  Windsor  Castle  are 
the  beautiful  productions  of  the  Italian  Schools, — together  with  the  renowned  Vandykes,  and  the  choicest  of  the  Works  of  Rubens,  in  the  salons 
named  after  these  great  Masters. 

At  Osborne  are  principally  collected  Works  of  modern  Art,  chiefly  of  the  British  School,  with  many  examples  of  the  Schools  of  Germany, 
Belerium,  and  France,  numbering  upwards  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  pictures,  the  purchases  of  Her  Majesty  and  the  Prince.  It  is  this  Collection 
which  so  emphatically  marks  the  liberal  patronage  that  Modern  Art  has  received  at  their  hands.  The  Palace,  which  is  more  peculiarly  their 
"  Home,"  is  literally  filled  with  the  productions  of  living  Artists  :  not  only  of  those  who  have  achieved  fame,  and  hold  foremost  professional  rank, 
but  of  those  who — thus  assisted,  and  under  such  patronage  — receive  that  encouragement  wliieh  is  the  surest  stimulus  to  honourable  distinction. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  no  other  collection  in  the  Kingdom  contains  so  many  fine  examples  of  Modern  Art— THE  PRODUCTIONS  OP  LIVIN» 
ARTISTS  :  a  Collection  entirely  formed  since  Her  Majesty's  happy  Accession  to  the  Throne,  and  htr  auspicious  union  with  a  Prince  who  so  con- 
tinually devotes  his  energies  to  promote  all  the  valuable  institutions  of  the  country,  and  under  whose  judicious  Patronage  the  progress  oi  Art, 
Fine  and  Indus  rial,  has  been  so  encouraging  and  so  prosperous. 

In  order  that  the  gracious  and  munificent  design  of  Her  Majesty  and  His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert  maybe  worthily  and  effectually 
carried  out,  the  Editor  has  secured  the  co- operation  of  many  of  the  leading  Engravers  of  Europe — not  alone  of  England,  but  of  France,  Germany, 
and  Belgium. 

And  Subscribers  to  this  Work  may  rest  assured  of  its  beinz  conducted  throughout  with  zeal  and  integrity — so  as  faithfully  to  discharge  the 
high  trust  conferred  by  Her  Most  Gracious  Majesty  the  Queen  und  His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert  — to  merit  the  confidence  of  the  several 
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OFFICE  OF  THE  EDITOR, 
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CONDITIONS     OF     PUBLICATION. 


The  First  P 


of  tli 

rium 


In  Monthly  Part* ;  each  Part  to  contain  Three  Proofs  on  India  Paper, 
'art  will  be  published  on  the  First  of  September,  and  the  Work  will  be  continued  Monthly. 

TJwins.Esq.,  R.A.,  Surveyor  of  Pictures  in  ordinary  to  Her  Majesty ; 
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6.  The  first  part  will  be  published  on  the  first  of  September,  and  the 
work  will  be  continued  monthly. 


uiitn.  c  vui  j  uuy>  Miu.il   ue       a  Buu&ciiuer  s  cup} 

bly  becoming  scarce,  must  increase  in  value. 

3.  Of  the  first  class  (Artists')  only  100  impressions  shall  he  printed  ; 
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***  THB  WORK  MAY  BE  ORD 


IN  GRBAT  BRITAIN. 


THE  FOLLOWING  PICTURES  ARE   IN  THE   HANDS   OF   THE   ENGRAVERS  : 


The  Virgin  Mother,  by  W.  DYCE,  R.  A. 

The  Royal  Yacht  off  Mount  St.  Michael,  by 

C.  STANFIF.LD.  K.A. 
Garriek  and  Ms  Wife,  by  HOGARTH. 
The  First- Born,  by  VAN  LF.RIUS. 
The   Duchess  of  Devonshire   and  Child,  by 

REYNOLDS,  P.R.A. 
TTndine,  by  D.  MACLISE,  R.A. 
The    Fountain  —  Madrid,    by   D.    ROBERTS, 

R.A. 

Anointing  the  Feet  of  Christ,  by  RUBENS. 
The  Visit  to  the  Nun,  by  Sin  C.  EASTLAKE, 

P.R.A. 

The  Buttle  of  Meanee,  by  E.  ARMITAOE. 
The  Madonna,  by  CARLO  DOI.OE. 
The  Young  Sea-Fishers,  by  W.  COLLINS,  R.A. 
The  Fete  Champetre,  by  PATER. 
King  George  IV.  at   Holyrood,   by   SIR   D. 

WILKIE,  R.A. 
Silence,  by  COHREUGIO. 


The  Princess  Amelia,  by  SIR  T.  LAWRENCE, 

P.F.A. 

Cupid  and  P-yehe.hy  T.  UWINS.  R.A. 
The  Windmill,  liy  KUYSDAF.L. 
The  Infa"t  Christ,  by  C.  MARATTI. 
L'Allegro,  by  W   E.'FROST,  A.R.A. 
Gen^vieve  of  Brahant,  by  THE  BARON  WAP- 

The'llustic  Ffte.  by  TENIBRS. 

St.  Catherine,  by  Grmo. 

The  Grand  Canal,  V,  nice,  by  CANALKTTI. 

The    Seraglio,     Constantinople,    by    DANBT, 

A.R  A. 

T;  e  Anirel  at  the  Sepulchre,  by  RFMRRANDT. 
King    William    IV.     (ipei-ing    New    London 

Bridge  l>y  C.  STANFTEI.D,  R.  \. 
Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  bj>  VANDYCK. 
Abundance,  by  VAN  EYCKP.N. 
Abb ••tsford  :     the  Empty  Chair,  by  SIR   W. 

ALLAN,  K.A. 


The    Home-Expected,    by    "VT.   MULRBADT, 

R.A. 
The  Golden  Gate,  Constantinople,  by  JACOB 

Miriam,  brHBMBb. 

Scene  in  Norway,  by  L«tr. 

Preparing  for  the  Chase,  by  CHTP. 

The  Homestead,  by  P.  POTTER. 

The  Wise  Men  Journeying,  by  WARREN. 

I  chia,  by  G.  E.  HERINO. 

Tows  in  a  Meadow,  T.  S.  COOPBR.  A.R.A. 

Tyrolese  Woman  at  a  Shrine,  by  FOI.TI. 

Hyde  Park  in  1851,  by  J.  D.  HARDING. 

Sea-Craft,  by  VANDER  VF.LDH. 

The  Trumpeter,  by  WOUVERMAKS. 

B  y  Blowing  Bubbles,  by  Mi  KRIS. 

Ariel,  by  H.  J.  TOWN-SEND. 

The  Declaration,  by  J.  JKNKIN*. 

The  Promenade,  by  JUTSUM. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  OKIIKOK  BKI.I..  of  No.  l*«.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid. ._  Saturday,  September  9.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

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FOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


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No.  255.] 


SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  16.  1854. 


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Stamped  Edition,  £ 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

NOTES  AND  QUERIES  RESPECTING  POPE 
AND  HIS  WRITINGS: —  Pope  and  his 
Printers  _  Pope's  "  Ethic  Epistles  " 

—  The  first  perfect  Edition  of  "  The 
Dunciad  "  _  Lewis  Theobald  —  War- 
burton's    Kdition    of    Pope,    1751  — 
Swift's  Letters  —  Popiana       -          -    217 

Capel  Lofft  and  Napoleon,  by  Norris 

Deck 219 

The  Drake  and  the  Dopier  -  -  220 
Biographies  of  Living  Authors  -  -  220 
Orkney  Charms  -  -  -  -  220 

MINOR  NOTES  :  — Steamers  and  Rail- 
ways _  Memoir  of  Lord  Cloncurry  — 
Reckoning;  by  Nights  —  Padaentree  — 
"Rule  Britannia"  —  Bell-ringing  _ 
Harvest  Horn  — "  Vaudeville  "  -  221 

QOSRIES:  — 

Thomas  Decker's  "  Four  Birds,"  1609,by 

J.  O.  Halliwell    -          -  -          -    222 

Dr.  Broome  the  Poet,  by  T.  W.  Barlow    222 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Maps  of  Rome  — 
Disinterment  —  Stone  Shot  —  A  rms  of 
Brettell  and  Needes  —  Heraldic  Que- 
ries —  Brian  Walton  —  Publicans  — 
Flodden  Field  — "  Quid  Grouse  in  the 
Gun  Room  "  —  Speechless  Deserter— 
"  Crn  wley,  God  help  us,"  &c — "  Tick- 
hill,  God  help  me" — Queen  Anne's 
Bounty  —  Andrea  Ferrara  —  111  Luck 
averted  -  -  -  -  -  223 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Noon  —  Ossian's  Poems  —  Clarendon's 
"  History  of  the  Irish  Rebellion  "  — 
"  I  saw  thy  form  in  youthful  prime  " 

—  Thelwall's  "  Hope  of  Albion  "  — 

"  One  evening  Good  Humour,"  &c.    -    224 

REPLIES:  — 
Flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  by 

Charlotte  Stracey,  &c.  -  -  -  225 
English  Bishops'  Mitres,  &c.,  by  Mac- 
kenzie Walcntt,  M. A.,  &c.  -  -  227 
Hannah  I-urhtfoot,  by  William  Bates  -  228 
Passage  in  Coleridge  :  Rainbows  -  228 
Death  and  Sleep,  by  Henry  H.Breen,&c.  229 
Venerable  Bede,  by  J.  Eastwood,  &e.  •  -  229 

cification  of  the  Calotype  Photogra- 
phic I'rocess,  in  vented  by  H.F.  Talbot, 
Esq..,  as  enrolled  in  the  Year  1841  -  230 

UEPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES:  —  Warren 
of  Poynton  :  Waringe  —  Distances 
ut  which  Sounds  have  been  heard  — 
Bishnp  of  Oxford  on  Nationality  and 
Patriotism  —  Burning  a  Tooth  with 
Salt  —  Recovery  after  Execution  — 
Morgan  O'Ooherty  —Burial  in  un- 
coi.secrated  Places-The  "  OldWeek's 
Preparation  "  —  The  Whityngton 
Stone  —  The  "  Perverse  Widow  "  — 
Rubrical  Query  _  Registration  Act 

—  It,  Its  —  Nose  of  Wax  —  "  Old  Do- 
minion" -     "Felix    quern    faciunt 
ahena  pericula  cautum  "_"  Over  the 
Left "  —  Deverell's  Shakspeare,  Sic.   -    231 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X — No.  255. 


Mult;c  terricolis  linguse,  ccelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LTJ  AND   SONS' 

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Libraries  purchased. 


P  UBLISHING     SEASON.— 

i  November  and  December  being  the  best 
months  for  publishing  New  Works,  Authors 
intending  to  avail  themselves  of  the  approach- 
ing season  should  lose  no  time  in  placing  their 
MS.  in  their  publishers'  hands.  "  The  Authors' 
Handbook,"  Is.  Post  Free,  or,  "The  Sketch 
of  the  System  of  Commission  Publishing," 
Gratis,  or  by  Post  for  One  Stamp,  both  to  be 
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explain  the  best  mode  of  procedure. 


Lately  published,  price  Is.,  or  Free  by  Post  for 
Sixteen  Stamps. 

4    MEMOIR   OF  THE   POET 

J\.  DR.  BROOME,  the  Friend  and  Lite- 
rary Assistant  of  Pope.  By  T.  W.  BARLOW, 
ESQ..F.L.S. 

Manchester  :  BURGE. 
London  :   KENT  &  CO. 


OERMONS    suggested    by    the 

O  Miracles  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus 
Christ.  By  W.  F.  HOOK.  D.L>.,  Vicar  of 
Leeds.  Two  vols.  fcap.  8vo.,  10s.  cloth. 
Vol.  II.  may  be  had  separately  to  complete 

sets. 

London :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


ROBERT    COCKS    &     CO.'S 

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ORATORIOS,  &c.— EGBERT 

COCKS  &  CO.'S  OCTAVO  EDITIONS  : 
edited  by  JOHN  BISHOP  of  Cheltenham. 
Messiah  (from  Mozart's  score,  with  an  Appen- 
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Priest.  6rf.  ;  Mozart's  First  Service,  2s.  6<£,  &c. 
Also,  Sampson  (by  Dr.  Clarke),  6s. 

London  :  ROBERT   COCKS    &    CO.,   New- 
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T)LAIN    SERMONS.      By    the 

late  REV.  EDWARD  BLENCOWE. 
Three  rols.,  fcap.  8vo.,  cloth,  7s.  6J.  Each  sold 
separately. 

"  Their  style  is  simple  ;  the  sentences  are  not 
artfully  constructed  ;  and  there  is  an  utter  ab- 
sence of  all  attempt  at  rhetoric.  The  lan- 
guage is  plain  Saxon  language,  from  which 
'  the  men  on  the  wall '  can  easily  gather  what 
it  most  concerns  them  to  know. 

"  Again,  the  range  of  thought  is  not  high  and 
difficult,  but  level  and  easy  for  the  wayfaring 
man  to  follow.  It  is  quite  evident  that  the 
author's  mind  was  able  and  cultivated,  yet,  a< 
a  teacher  to  men  of  low  estate,  he  makes  no 
display  of  eloquence  or  argument. 

"  In  the  statements  of  Christian  doctrine,  the 
reality  of  Mr.  Blencowe's  mind  is  very  striking. 
There  is  a  strength  and  a  warmth  and  a  lite  in 
his  mention  of  the  great  truths  of  the  Gospel, 
which  show  that  he  spoke  from  the  heart,  and 
that,  like  the  Apostle  of  old.  he  could  say,  — 'I 
believe,  and  therefore  have  I  spoken.' 

"  His  affcctionateness,  too,  is  no  less  con- 
spicuous ;  this  is  shown  in  the  gentle,  earnest, 
kind-hearted  toneof every  Sermon  in  the  book. 
There  is  no  scolding,  no  asperity  of  language,  no 
irritation  of  manner  about  them.  At  the  same 
time  there  is  no  over-strained  tenderness,  nor 
affectation  of  endearment ;  but  there  is  a  con- 
siderate, serious  concern  about  the  peculiar 
sins  and  temptations  of  the  people  committed 
to  his  charge,  and  a  hearty  desire  and  deter- 
mined effort  for  their  salvation." —  Theologian. 

"  Simple,  intelligible,  and  affectionate."  — 
Churrh  and  State  Gazette. 

"  Very  stirring  and  practical."  —  Christian 
Remembrancer. 

"  The  discourses  are  plain,  interesting,  and 
pre-eminently  practical."  —  English  Church- 
man. 

"Plain,  short,  and  affectionate  discourses." 
—  English  Review. 

London  :  GEORGE  BELL,  18fi.  Fleet  Street. 


Just  published,  I8mo.,  Is. 

SERMONS      FOR      WAY- 
FARERS.     By  the  REV.  ALFRED 
GATTY,  M.A. 

"  In  the  eleven  sermons  now  presented  to  ns, 
for  the  marvellously  small  price  of  one  shil- 
ling, we  recognise  a  plain  and  solid  style  of 
icriptural  instruction,  well  adapted  to  their 
proposed  object."  —  Clerical  Journal. 

London  i  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


2TQTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


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The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  tha  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  500{.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  50?.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  t^rm  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —  Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  7oO,OOOt,  of  which  nearly 
140,000?.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

Tile  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 

On  the  31st  October,  1851,  the  sums 
Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 
amounted  to  -  -  -  -  -  £2,500,000 

The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -         800,000 

And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 
same  source,  to  -  109,000 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  INGALL,  Actuary. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

1\  CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMAKTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,     WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites. Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  tree  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18  &  22.  West  Strand. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
1  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIUE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  16,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  B,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skiltully  examined,  timed, and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  M.,Al.,  and  4i.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSJDE. 


-TVISSOLUTION  OF  PART- 
LY NERSHIP.  _  EDWARD  GEORGE 
WOOD,  Optician,  &c.,  late  of  123.  and  121. 
Newgate  Street,  begs  to  invite  attention  to 
his  New  Establishment,  No.  117.  Cheapside, 
London. 

Photographic  Cameras  and  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c. :  Spectacles,  Opera  Glasses,  Tele- 
scopes and  Race  Glasses,  Barometers,  Thermo- 
meters, Hydrometers,  &c. ;  Philosophical  and 
Chemical  Apparatus.  All  kinds  of  Photogra- 
phic Papers,  plain  and  prepared.  Photographic 
Papers  and  Solutions  prepared  according  to  any 
given  formula. 

PAMPANOLOGIA.  —  A  Key 

V_>  to  the  Art  of  Ringing  (with  considerable 
Additions),  dedicated  to  the  Lovers  of  the  Art 
in  general ;  being  the  result  of  many  years' 
Study,  diligent  Application,  and  constant 
Practice  :  by  W.  JONES.  JOHN  REEVES, 
and  THOMAS  BLAKEMOHE.  Crown  8TO. 
bds.,  '2s.  6d. :  Longman  &  Co.  about  1800. 

JOHN  PETHERAM,  94.  High  Holbom. 


'THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 

1      RILLES,    composed   for    the    PIANO- 
FORTE by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 
London  :   Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSDALE.  26.  Old  Bond 
Street ;  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 
PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 

PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotyi>es, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  itc.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art. — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 

Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 

TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE  HAIR  RESTORED  AND  GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S  CAPILLARY  FLUID  is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  tor  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  6d. ;  double  size,  4s.  6</. ;  7*.  6d. 
equal  to  4  small;  11».  to  6  small:  Sis.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 
BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  lamilies. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joint  -  in  :m  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  .indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  «'/.  Pent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Ftree* : 
JACKSON.  9.  Westland  Row:  BEWI.E1 
&  EVANfs  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  HIS. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork:  BARRY,  !).  Mam 
Strret.  Kinsale  :  GRATTAN.  Belfast; 
MURDOCK, BROTHERS. Glasgow  ;Db?.- 
CAN  &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street;  FROtJT.  2*9. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
RAT,  63.  Oxford  Street:  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


217 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  1C,  1854. 


NOTES    ANB    QUERIES    RESPECTING    POPE    AND    HIS 
WHITINGS. 

[The  amount  of  illustration  of  Pope's  literary  history  j 
which  has  been  furnished  by  "  N.  &  Q."  since  ME.  MARK- 
LAND'S  Notes  on  the  Edwards  Correspondence  (ante,  p.  41.) 
and  C.'s  Query  respecting  The  Dunciad  (p.  65.)  first 
"tapped"  the  subject  in  our  columns,  is  a  matter  on 
which  we  may  be  permitted  to  congratulate  ourselves,  as 
affording  strong  evidence  of  the  utility  of  this  Journal. 
We  trust  that  the  discussion  will  do  good  service  to  Mr. 
Murray's  forthcoming  edition  of  Pope ;  and  as  it  is  desir- 
able that  all  the  materials,  whether  Notes  or  Queries, 
should  appear  together,  we  have  in  the  present  Number 
collected  them  under  this  general  heading.  This  we  shall 
repeat  next  week  (with  some  articles  which  reached  us 
after  the  present  were  in  type),  and  indeed  until  the  sub- 
ject has  been  thoroughly  ventilated.  —  ED.  "  N.  &  Q."] 

Pope  and  his  Printers.  —  I  have  read  with  at- 
tention the  articles  on  Pope  in  the  Athenceum,  and 
the  article  on  The  Dunciad,  by  the  same  writer, 
in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  questions  suggest  themselves 
which  I  submit  for  consideration. 

Who  was  A.  Dodd,  with  two  dcTs,  the  publisher 
of  the  first  edition  —  the  pretended  piratical 
edition ;  and  who  was  A.  Dod,  with  one  d,  the 
publisher  of  the  quarto  ?  I  believe  them  to  have 
been  one  and  the  same.  But  who  was  he  or  she  ? 
Had  the  person  any  other  known  connexion  with 
Pope  or  the  publication  of  Pope's  works  ?  Can 
any  reason  be  assigned  why  having  been  so  used  by 
Pope  in  the  first  instance  —  then  permitted  to 
publish  the  authorised  quarto  —  the  work  was 
taken  from  him  or  her,  and  subsequently  issued 
by  Gilliver  ?  Was  this,  too,  for  purposes  of  mys- 
tification ? 

But  who  was  this  A.  Dodd  ?  I  could  find  no 
mention  of  any  printer  or  bookseller  of  that  name 
either  in  Button's  Life  or  Timperley's  Dictionary. 
On  farther  search,  I  found  the  name  of  A.  Dodd 
advertised  and  recorded  as  joint  publisher  with 
other  booksellers,  and  occasionally  described  in 
advertisements  as  "  A.  Dodd,  without  Temple  Bar," 
"  A.  Dodd,  at  the  Peacock  without  Temple  Bar." 
From  Nichols  (Anec.  vol.  i.  p.  62.)  I  learnt  that  a 
Nicholas  Dodd,  a  bookseller,  was  one  of  the  con- 
tributors to  the  subscription  raised  for  Bowyer, 
after  the  fire  in  1712.  Thomas  Gent,  however, 
furnishes  more  information  than  all  my  other 
authorities. 

"  Now  it  happened,"  he  says,  "  that  the  widow  of  the 
late  Mr.  Dodd,  who  had  desired,  on  his  death-betl,  to  get 
me  to  assist  her  whenever  opportunity  served,  wanted  a 
person  to  manage  her  printing  business"."  —  P.  145. 

Gent  entered  into  her  service,  "  and  never,"  he 
says,  "  couM  there  be  a  finer  economist,  or  sweeter 


mother  to  her  dear  children."  The  lady  subse- 
quently married  again,  and  "  very  indifferently." 
Gent  remained  but  a  short  time  with  her,  for  he 
heard  that  his  first  love  had  become  a  widow,  and 
knowing,  as  he  says,  that  widows  were  not  to  be 
trifled  with,  he  started  for  York,  and,  as  soon  as 
decency  permitted,  married  the  lady  on  the  10th 
of  December,  the  very  day  of  the  installation  of 
Archbishop  Blackburne,  —  which  took  place,  I 
find,  in  1724. 

Was  this  A.  Dodd  the  widow  of  Nicholas  Dodd  ? 
But  Nicholas  is  registered  as  among  subscribing 
booksellers  —  whereas  the  husband  of  Thomas 
Gent's  "  widow  "  was  a  printer.  W^as  the  printing 
widow  and  the  bookseller  A.  Dodd  the  same  per- 
son ?  In  either  case,  what  was  the  link  of  con- 
nexion betwen  A.  Dodd  and  Pope  ?  Was  it 
direct,  or  through  an  intermediate  agent  ?  It  has 
been  stated  that  Savage  was-  in  some  way  mixed 
up  with  the  publication  of  Curll's  edition  of  the 
Letters  ;  we  know  that  he  blew  one  of  the  loudest 
trumpets  about  The  Dunciad ;  and  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing advertisement  in  The  Daily  Journal  of 
Jan.  31,  1729. 

"  The  Wanderer,  a  poem,  by  Richard  Savage,  &c., 
printed  for  J.  Walthoe,  and  sold  by  A.  Dodd,  at  the  Pea- 
cock without  Temple  Bar." 

This  was  a  critical  moment  in  Savage's  life. 
Still  the  associations  and  coincidences  are  curious, 
and  I  would  ask  of  the  better  informed,  whether 
it  be  possible  that  Savage  was  the  link  —  the  con- 
necting link  between  Pope  the  printer  and  A. 
Dodd  ?  At  any  rate  we  may  infer  from  this  and 
other  advertisements  that  A.  Dodd  was  not  a 
printer.  I  have  found  many  advertisements  of 
books  sold  by  "A.  Dodd,"  and  many  "  printed  for 
A.  Dodd." 

Who  was  the  printer  of  the  surreptitious  editions 
of  The  Dunciad  and  of  the  Letters  ?  This  is  a 
question  of  some  literary  interest.  Pope  had  a 
good  deal  to  do  with  printing  —  more,  I  suspect, 
than  we  are  aware  of.  I  know  of  no  circumstance 
that  could  lead  to  the  inference  that  he  had  a 
private  printing  press  in  his  own  house,  or  at  his 
command;  and  yet  there  was  a  great  deal  of  sur- 
reptitious printing  with  which  he  was  connected. 
It  was  printed  copies,  be  it  remembered,  of  Pope's 
Letters  that  were  delivered  to  Curll;  and  here  we 
have  two  or  three  surreptitious  printed  editions  of 
The  Dunciad,  and  yet  no  hint,  so  far  as  I  know,  as 
to  who  was  the  printer.  The  printer  must  cer- 
tainly have  been  a  shrewd  man  to  escape  detec- 
tion when  so  many  active  enquirers  were  at  work, 
all  interested  in  proving  Pope's  complicity  ;  he 
must  have  been  a  remarkable  man,  too,  for  he 
allowed  Pope  to  denounce,  to  deny,  to  threaten, 
to  advertise  for  him,  and  even  to  move  the  House 
of  Lords  and  the  Chancellor  against  him,  and  yet 
remained  silent,  and  kept  the  secret,  living  and 
dead. 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  255. 


The  name  of  H.  S.  Woodfall  has  been  so  long 
associated  with  the  secret  as  to  the  writer  ofJunius's 
Letters,  that  it  would  be  a  curious  coincidence  if 
Woodfall,  his  grandfather,  should  be  found  mixed 
up  with  Pope's  "  secret  about  The  Dunciad"  as 
Swift  calls  it,  and  the  more  important  secret 
about  the  Letters.  This,  of  course,  is  a  mere 
speculative  possibility ;  but  certainly  "  Woodfall 
without  Temple  Bar,"  as  described  by  Negus,  in 
his  List  of  Printers  in  1724,  was  in  some  way 
associated  with  Pope.  Nichols  tells  us  (Anec. 
vol.  i.  p.  300.)  that  this  Woodfall,  "at  the  age  of 
forty,  commenced  master  at  the  suggestion  and 
under  the  auspices  of  Mr.  Pope,  who  had  distin- 
guished his  abilities  as  a  scholar  whilst  a  journey- 
man in  the  employment  of  the  then  printer  to  this 
admired  author."  Nichols,  in  his  farther  account 
of  the  Woodfalls,  says  that,  "  under  the  foster- 
in"'  attentions  of  his  grandfather,  Mr.  H.  S.  W. 
received  the  first  rudiments  of  his  education  ;  and 
before  he  had  attained  his  fifth  year,  had  the 
honour  of  receiving  from  Pope  half-a-crown  for 
reading  to  him,  with  much  fluency,  a  page  of 
Homer  in  the  Greek  language.  Mr.  H.  S.  W. 
was  afterwards  sent  to  a  respectable  school  at 
Twickenham,  kept  by  Mr.  Clarke,"  and,  "  at  the 
age  of  little  more  than  eleven,  he  was  removed  to 
St.  Paul's." 

In  the  few  notices  I  have  stumbled  on,  respect- 
ing this  "  Woodfall  without  Temple  Bar,"  there 
are  none  that  run  counter  to  this  report  of  Nichols. 
I  do  not  find  Woodfall  amongst  the  subscribing 
printers  to  the  Bowyer  Fund  in  1712  ;  and  I  do 
find  him  in  Negus's  List  for  1724,  and  in  that  same 
year  Gent  mentions  him  as  in  good  business. 

Here  is  a  close  and  intimate  connexion  between 
Woodfall  and  Pope  ;  and  it  is  but  reasonable  to  be- 
lieve that  as  Woodf'all  set  up  at  the  suggestion  and 
under  the  auspices  of  Pope,  Pope  would  give  him 
some  of  his  own  works  to  print.  Is  it  known  that 
he  did  so  ?  If  not,  would  it  be  an  absurd  assump- 
tion to  suppose,  that  in  1727,  whilst  Bowyer  was 
printing  the  acknowledged  "  Miscellanies,"  the 
protege  Woodfall  was  printing  the  surreptitious 
Dundads  ?  P.  T.  P. 


Popes  '•'•Ethic  Epistles"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  109.).— 
C.  says,  it  is  certain  that  the  "Ethic  Epistles" 
were  printed  in  1744-5,  and  were  ready  for  pub- 
lication when  Pope  died.  "  Bolingbroke  says  he 
has  a  copy  of  the  book  ; "  but,  "  as  M.  M.  K.  infers 
that  Pope  published  or  printed  an  edition,  and 
distributed  copies  to  his  friends,  but  does  not  cite 
Bolingbroke,  will  he  state  the  grounds  on  which 
he  makes  the  inference  ?" 

As  Pope  died  May  30,  1744,  C.  must  mean  that 
the  edition  was  printed  in  1743-4,  although  he 
twice  says  1744-5. 

I  will  now,  as  he  requests,  state  the  grounds  for 
the  opinion  to  which  he  refers.  t 


On  March  24,  1743,  Pope  thus  wrote  to  War- 
burton  : 

"When  The  Dunciad  maybe  published,  I  know  not. 
I  am  more  desirous  of  carrying  on  the  rest ;  that  is,  your 
edition  of  the  rest  of  the  Epistles  and  Essay  on  Criticism, 
&c.  I  know  it  is  there  I  shall  be  seen  to  most  advantage." 

Warburton  was  at  that  time  engaged  in  pre- 
paring the  edition,  which,  as  I  infer  from  subse- 
quent advertisements,  and  other  circumstances, 
was  to  appear  in  separate  volumes.  Pope  was 
anxious  that  Warburton  should  direct  his  special 
attention  to  the  "  Essays,"  "  more  desirous"  about 
the  "  Essays"  than  The  Dunciad. 

The  next  letter  published  is  dated  June  5  ;  and 
Pope  therein  says : 

"  You  have  a  full  right  to  any  [benefits]  I  could  do 
you,  who  not  only  monthly,  but  weekly  of  late,  have  loaded 
me  with  favours  of  that  kind  which  are  most  acceptable 
to  veteran  authors ;  those  garlands  which  a  commentator 
weaves  to  hang  about  his  poet." 

Here  we  learn  how  actively  Warburton  was 
engaged  in  preparing  for  the  new  edition ;  and  he 
now  came  on  a  visit  to  Pope — a  visit  of  "some 
months"  —  obviously,  for  the  purpose  of  forward- 
ing the  work ;  and,  no  doubt,  after  the  feeling 
expressed  by  Pope,  early  attention  was  paid  to 
the  "Epistles,"  although  The  Dunciad  was  first 
published.  Warburton  had  returned  home  on 
October  7  : 

"  I  heartily  thank  you,"  writes  Pope,  "  for  your's ;  from 
which  I  learn'd  your  safe  arrival  .  .  .  and  that  you  found 
all  in  health  .  .  .  The  Dunciad  I  have  ordered  to  be  adver- 
tised." 

The  Dunciad  here  advertised  bears  date  1743. 
In  a  subsequent  letter,  as  I  believe,  but  without 
date,  Pope  thus  wrote  : 

"  Whatever  very  little  respites  I  have  had  from  the  daily 
care  of  my  malady,  have  been  employed  in  revising  the 
papers  On  the  Use  of  Riches,  which  I  would  have  ready 
for  your  last  revise  against  you  come  to  town,  that  they 
may  be  begun  with  while  you  are  here." 

Which  means,  I  think,  "  begun  printing  with." 
In  April,  1744,  Pope  writes  : 

"  I  received  your's  just  now,  and  wish  to  hinder 

from  printing  the  comment  on  The  Use  of  Riches  too  hastily 
.  .  .  that  you  might  revise  it  during  your  stay." 

As  the  "Essay  on  the  Use  of  Riches"  was 
either  the  last,  or  the  last  but  one,  we  may  I  think 
fairly  infer  that  the  "Epic  Epistles"  were  printed 
in  March  ;  and  that,  in  consequence  of  a  wish 
expressed  by  Warburton,  Pope  wrote  to  the 
printer  not  to  strike  off,  as  it  is  technically  called, 
the  sheets  of  the  "  Essay  on  Riches  "  until  Warbur- 
ton had  seen  a  revise.  This  agrees  with  Spence, 
who  records  (p.  318.)  : 

"  Here  I  am  [said  Pope],  like  Socrates,  distributing  my 
morality  among  my  friends,  just  as  I  am  dying.  This 
was  said  on  his  sending  about  some  of  his  Ethic  Epistles 
as  presents,  about  three  weeks  before  we  lost  him." 

M.  M.  K. 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


219 


The  first  perfect  Edition  of  "  The  Dunciad" 
(Vol.x.,  p.  130.).  —  C.  says,  "Pope  calls  the  'first 
perfect  edition'  that  by  Lawton  .Gilliver."  Again, 
"the  edition  of  Lawton  Gilliver  mentioned  by 
ME.  THOMS,"  stating,  &c.,  and  in  the  prolegomena, 
that  this  is  "  the  first  perfect  edition."  And  then 
he  refers  to  the  quarto  edition  of  1729,  which  he 
tells  us  "  Pope  afterwards  stated  was  the  first  per- 
fect edition."  What  does  C.  wish  to  be  inferred 
from  such  contradictory  assertions,  even  if  made  by 
Pope?  These  "Pope  calls,"  however,  and  "Pope 
afterwards  stated,"  are  much  too  vague  to  be 
grappled  with  ;  but  the  distinct  reference  to,  and 
the  literal  quotation  —  marked  as  quotation  — 
from  the  prolegomena  is  more  tangible,  and  I  beg 
to  be  allowed  to  ask  for  the  exact  page  where  I 
may  find  the  words  quoted.  I  cannot  but  believe 
there  is  some  mistake.  I  have  examined  my  own 
and  ME.  THOMS'  copy  without  success.  There  is 
no  assertion,  I  think,  that  will  bear  such  inter- 
pretation in  the  prolegomena ;  and  Gilliver,  in 
his  advertisement,  only  claims  for  his  edition 
(booksellers'  fashion)  that  it  is  "  more  correct  and 
complete."  Indeed,  in  a  note  referred  to  by  C. 
(p.  46.),  we  are  distinctly  told  that  "  there  was 
no  perfect  edition  before  that  of  London,  in  4to., 
1728-9,"  which  is  an  admission,  in  other  words, 
that  the  quarto  was  "  the  first  perfect  edition." 

E.  T.  D. 

Lewis  Theobald's  inscription  in  the  copy  of 
The  Dunciad  presented  to  Mrs.  Heywood,  quoted 
by  ME.  THOMS  (Vol.  x.,  p.  110.),  is  another  of 
the  numberless  proofs  where  the  wish  is  parent 
to  the  thought.  Pope  was  ever  prosperous  —  but 
never  more  so,  or  at  least  never  more  generous 
in  distributing  his  money  for  the  relief  of  the 
poor  and  suffering,  than  about  the  time  when  The 
Dunciad  was  published,  1727-28.  In  addition  to 
known  facts,  this  has  been  lately  shown  in  The 
Athenaeum,  in  the  case  of  Mrs.  Cope  and  his  old 
master  Deane :  to  the  one  he  at  that  time  allowed, 
and  to  the  other  he  proposed  to  allow,  an  annuity 
for  life.  T.  L. 


Warlurtoris  Edition  of  Pope,  1751. — I  said  in  a 
former  communication,  that  Mr.  Carruthers  was 
of  opinion  that  this  edition  was  in  preparation,  and 
partly  printed,  before  Pope's  death.  C.  has  doubts. 
"  I  have  not,"  he  writes  (Vol.  x.,  p.  109.),  "  Mr. 
Carruthers'  volume  at  hand,  but  I  can  hardly 
think  that  he  says  so."  Here,  then,  are  his  words : 

"  Pope  died  on  the  30th  May,  1744.  He  had  prepared 
a  complete  edition  of  his  works,  assisted  by  Warburton,  and 
it  was  nearly  all  printed  off  before  his  death,  but  it  was  not 
published  till  1751." 

M.  M.  K. 


Swiff  s  Letters.—  What  does  C.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  148.) 
mean  by  "  the  Longleat  copies  ?  "  S.  L. 


Popiana.  —  Some  interesting  articles  on  Pope 
appeared  in  the  Athenceum  of  the  8th,  15th,  and 
22nd  July,  containing  a  poem,  and  copies  and  ex- 
tracts of  letters,  attributed  to  Pope  ;  very  curious, 
and  not  unimportant  to  the  poet's  character.  But 
may  I  be  allowed  to  suggest  that  the  writer  of 
that  article  should  complete  his  revelations  by 
stating  his  authorities,  and  when  and  where  the 
original  documents  have  been  found  ?  Y.  Z. 


CAPEL  LOFFT  AND  NAPOLEOX. 

In  recently  going  through  a  huge  pile  of  letters 
and  other  MSS.  belonging  to  a  deceased  relative, 
I  came  upon  a  letter  from  the  well-known  Capel 
Lofi't,  alluding  to  the  rumoured  arrest  of  Na- 
poleon at  Paris  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  As 
anything  from  a  man  of  so  much  celebrity  in  his 
day  is  worth  preserving,  I  send  you  a  copy  of  it, 
especially  as  it  is  in  a  very  tattered  condition  :  a 
word  in  the  first  line  is  partially  illegible. 


Sir, 


"  Troston  Hall,  27th  Jan.,  1815. 


"  I  cannot  believe  those  ....  ously  lying 
papers,  which  have  for  these  fifteen  years  and 
more  been  the  tools  of  our  ministry,  and  the 
sources  of  delusion,  war,  and  desolation  to  the 
world. 

"  Much  less  can  I  glory  that  such  should  have 
been  the  conduct  of  any  legislative  assembly  on 
earth  to  incomparably  the  first  man  in  the  world, 
who  has  performed  every  duty  of  a  sovereign,  a 
general,  and  a  soldier,  with  the  highest  ability  and 
most  devoted  perseverance. 

"  I  hope  it  cannot  be  so.  If  it  be,  the  Bourbons 
or  anything  may  be  fit  for  a  nation  which  will 
endure  such  conduct.  Bonaparte  was  near  being 
victorious  according  to  the  noble  declaration  of 
Lord  Wellington.  He  would  then  have  been 
adored.  I  will  not  believe  that  he  has  been  put 
under  arrest.  I  did  not  think  of  such  horrid  in- 
gratitude and  utter  baseness. 

I  am,  yours  sincerely, 

CAPEL  LOFFT. 

"  I  trust  the  whole  intelligence  from  Paris  is  a 
base  and  abominable  falsehood,  fabricated  either 
there  by  some  creatures  of  the  Bourbons,  or  in 
London,  or  in  Brussels,  or  Ghent.  Even  in  the 
days  of  Marat  and  Robespierre,  I  should  have 
thought  that  such  a  treatment  of  a  general  after 
such  a  contest  with  the  best  general,  excepting 
himself,  in  the  world,  was  beyond  all  their  other 
enormities ;  but  Bonaparte  is  far  more  than  merely 
a  general  who,  if  equalled,  has  never  been  ex- 
celled. He  has  given  to  France  laws  and  a  con- 
stitution of  a  most  transcendent  excellence  and 
mildness.  He  has  been  the  great  friend  of  the 
arts,  and  cultivator  of  the  sciences ;  he  has  de- 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


voted  himself  to  his  people  as  a  father  for  the  life 
and  happiness  of  his  children." 

Above  the  superscription  is  this  second  post- 
script : 

"  I  consider  the  Bourbons,  who  have  endea- 
voured to  overwhelm  France  with  foreigners,  as  of 
all  beings  the  most  unworthy  to  reign  there." 

Over  the  address  outside  the  letter  is  the  fol- 
lowing third  addition  : 

"  The  papers  cannot  tell  greater  lies  than  they 
did  about  the  whole  progress  of  the  Emperor  Na- 
poleon from  the  Gulph  of  St.  Juan  to  Paris  and 
the  throne." 

I  have  no  doubt  that  the  letter  which  called 
forth  this  fervid  reply  contained  some  exultations 
upon  the  fall  of  Napoleon,  as  it  is  addressed  to  a 
member  of  a  high  Tory  family ;  principles  which 
it  is  well  known  Capel  Lofft  uniformly  and  ar- 
dently opposed.  NORRIS  DECK. 

Cambridge. 


THE  DRAKE  AND  THE  DOGGEB. 

Looking  over  Sir  Thomas  Smith's  treatise  De 
Republica  Anglicana  lately,  I  came  upon  a  pas- 
sage of  which  I  thought  it  worth  while  to  "  make  a 
note  "  as  offering  a  derivation  for  the  names  of  a 
celebrated  Admiral,  and  a  species  of  Ship,  which 
I  had  not  before  seen,  and  on  which  I  should  be 
glad  to  have  the  opinion  of  some  competent  cor- 
respondent of  "  N.  &  Q." 

Sir  Francis  Drake,  the  celebrated  admiral  of 
Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  is  set  down  in  ordinary 
biographies  as  of  Devonshire  by  birth.  Sir 
Thomas  Smith,  his  cotemporary,  however,  affirms 
him  to  have  been  a  fisherman's  son  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  so  obscure  as  to  have  to  make  a  name  as 
well  as  a  reputation  for  himself.  The  passage 
proceeds  thus : 

"Draconis  nomen  ipse  sibi  sumpsit  quod  est  serpentum 
quoddam  genus,  unde  Dunkercani  insignem  navem  in- 
struxerunt,  Doggam  (id  est  Canetn)  a  se  appellatam,  innu- 
entes  ea  se  Draconem  hunc  venaturos  et  forte  captures." 

From  this  passage  it  appears  that  Sir  Francis 
Drake  claimed  more  affinity  with  the  kraken  than 
with  the  aquatic  fowl  to  which  his  name  at  first 
sight  would  indicate  relationship,  and  that  the  first 
invention  of  the  Dogger  vessel  was  owing  to  the 
desire  of  the  Dunkirkers  to  capture  this  Sea  Ser- 
pent. On  looking  into  Johnson  I  find  that  he  de- 
rives "  Dogger "  from  "  Dog,"  as  a  diminutive, 
contemptible  kind  of  vessel,  referring  to  Skinner  as 
his  authority.  Turning  to  Skinner,  however,  I 
find  that  lie  assigns  among  the  reasons  for  the 
name  one  more  in  accordance  with  Smith's  account, 
for  he  says  this  kind  of  vessel  "  instar  canis  vena- 
tici  valde  celer  est."  To  me  the  chief  difficulty  is 
why  the  Dunkirkers  should  call  this  vessel  by  a 


name  derived  from  the  Anglo-Saxon — as  Dogger 
would  seem  to  be.  Perhaps  some  reader  of 
"N.  &  Q."  would  oblige  with  his  views  on  the 
point. 

The  Dogger  has  long  been  considered  a  Dutch 
appellation  for  a  ship;  and  until  I  met  the  passage 
in  Smith,  I  had  always  taken  the  name  for  a  Dutch 
word.  A.  B.  R. 

Belmont 


BIOGRAPHIES    OF    LIVING    AUTHOBS. 

It  would  be  well  if  lists  of  these  dictionaries 
were  preserved.  I  only  possess  two :  Literary 
Memoirs  of  Living  Authors  of  Great  Britain, 
London,  1798,  2  vols.  8vo.  (Faulder)  ;  and  A  Bio- 
graphical Dictionary  of  the  Living  Authors  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  London,  1816,  8vo. 
(H.  Colburn).  I  find  in  both  these  works  truths 
and  falsehoods  which  I  do  not  find  elsewhere.  The 
first  contains  some  fine  writing  :  thus  it  is  said  of 
a  heterodox  medical  practitioner  that  his  "  ma- 
chinations are  gulphs  to  the  current  of  life." 
D'Israeli  (now  a  classic  in  his  way)  is  a  "  mighty 
authorling : "  and  of  Samuel  Johnson  there  is  a 
dictum  which  is  worth  quoting  at  length  : 

"More  injury,  we  will  venture  to  affirm,  has  been  done 
to  the  fame  of  Johnson  by  this  lady  [Thrale]  and  her 
late  biographical  helpmate  [Boswell],  than  his  most 
avowed  enemies  have  ever  been  able  to  effect ;  and  if  his 
character  becomes  unpopular  with  some  of  his  successors, 
it  is  to  these  gossiping  friends  he  is  indebted  for  the 
favour." 

The  second  work  is  much  more  extensive  and 
accurate.  But  some  of  its  notes  are  now  queries. 
Did  Brinkley  (late  Bishop  of  Cloyne),  when  a 
young  man,  assist  Paley  in  his  Natural  Theology  f 
Did  the  Dean  of  Peterborough  (Kipling)  publicly 
threaten  Dr.  Lingard  with  prosecution,  for  affirm- 
ing that  the  Church  of  England  is  a  new  church  ? 
Did  Napoleon  I.  forbid  the  translation  of  every 
literary  work  in  which  his  name  was  not  men- 
tioned ?  Was  a  chaplain  of  the  Lock  Hospital 
removed  for  public  advocacy  of  polygamy  ?  Did 
the  lady,  who  afterwards  insisted  on  being  a  mem- 
ber of  the  royal  family  (and  whom  the  newspapers 
used  to  call  the  Princess  Olive  of  Cumberland), 
begin  her  career  by  trying  to  prove  that  her 
uncle,  a  quiet  country  clergyman,  was  Junius  ? 
The  editor  of  this  book  is  of  opinion  that  a  public 
man  is  not  the  author  of  the  book  in  which  his 
speeches  are  collected,  if  those  speeches  were 
extempore  :  whence  arises  the  query,  Who  is  ? 

M. 


ORKNEY    CHARMS. 


Toothache  is  by  the  country  people  called  "  The 
worm,"  from  a  notion  they  have  that  this  painful 
affection  is  caused  by  a  worm  in  the  tooth  or  jaw- 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


221 


bone.     For  the  cure  of  this  disease,  the  following 
charm,  called  "  wormy  lines,"  is  written  on  a  slip 
of  paper,  which  is  sewed  into  some  part  of  the 
dress  of  the  person  affected,  and  must  be  carried 
about  the  person  as  long  as  the  paper  lasts : 
•"  Peter  sat  on  a  marble  stone  weeping, 
Christ  came  past  arid  said, '  What  aileth  thee,  Peter  ? ' 
'  O  my  Lord,  my  God,  my  tooth  doth  ache !' 
*  Arise,  0  Peter !  go  thy  way,  thy  tooth  shall  ache  no 

more.' " 

For  stopping  hemorrhage,  as  spitting  of  blood, 
bleeding  from  the  nose,  bleeding  from  a  wound, 
&c.,  the  following  charm  must  be  solemnly  re- 
peated once,  twice,  or  oftener,  according  to  the 
urgency  of  the  case,  by  some  old  man  or  woman 
accounted  more  sagacious  than  their  neighbours. 
It  must  not  be  repeated  aloud,  nor  in  the  presence 
of  any  one  except  the  patient : 

"  Three  virgins  came  over  Jordan's  land, 
Each  with  a  bloody  knife  in  her  hand ; 
Stem,  blood,  stem  —  Letherly  stand ! 
Bloody  nose  (or  mouth)  in  God's  name  mend." 

The  pain  occasioned  by  a  burn  or  scald  is 
here  called  "  swey,"  or  "  sweying."  To  relieve 
"  sweying,"  this  charm  must  be  repeated  by  a  wise 
one  also  in  private : 

"  A  dead  wife  out  of  the  grave  arose, 
And  through  the  sea  she  swimmed, 
Through  the  water  wade  to  the  cradle, 
God  save  the  bairn-burnt  sair. 
Het  fire,  cool  soon  in  God's  name." 

When  a  healthy  child  suddenly  becomes  sickly, 
and  no  one  can  account  for  the  change,  the  child 
is  said  to  have  been  "  forespoken."  Or  when  a 
stout  man  or  woman  becomes  hypochondriac,  or 
affected  with  nervous  complaints,  he  or  she  is 
"  forespoken."  Some  one  has  perhaps  said  "  He's 
a  bonny  bairn,"  or  "  Thou  ar'  lookin  weel  the 
day;"  but  they  have  spoken  with  an  ill  tongue. 
They  have  neglected  to  add,  "  God  save  the 
bairn,"  or,  "  Safe  be  thou,"  &c.  For  the  cure  of 
this,  the  following  charm  is  repeated  over  water  ; 
which  the  patient  must  drink  of,  or  be  washed 
with : 

"  Father,  Son,  Holy  Ghost, 

Bitten  sail  they  be 

Wha  have  bitten  thee ! 

Care  to  their  near  vein, 

Until  thou  get'st  thy  health  again, 

Mend  thou  in  God's  name ! " 

Cattle  and  horses  may  also  be  "  forespoken," 
and  the  same  charm  must  be  applied  towards  their 
cure. 

The  following  charm  is  applied  for  the  cure  of 
sprains.  A  linen  thread  is  tied  about  the  injured 
part  after  the  solemn  repetition  of  the  charm. 
The  thread  is  called  the  "  wristing  thread,"  from 
the  wrist  or  ankle  being  the  part  to  which  it  is 
most  commonly  applied  : 

"  Our  Saviour  rade, 
His  fore  foot  slade, 


Our  Saviour  lighted  down  ; 
Sinew  to  sinew, — joint  to  joint, 
Blood  to  blood,  and  bone  to  bone, 

Mend  thou  in  God's  name ! " 


F. 


Steamers  and  Railways. — Perhaps  it  may  not 
be  thought  unworthy  of  being  recorded  in  "  N. 
&  Q.,"  that  the  Number  of  that  Periodical,  pub- 
lished in  London  on  Saturday,  August  26,  was 
delivered  in  Valetta  on  Wednesday  the  30th  of 
the  same  month,  at  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

JOHN  o'  THE  FORD. 

Malta. 

Memoir  of  Lord  Cloncurry. — I  am  engaged  in 
writing  a  Memoir  of  the  Irish  patriot  Cloncurry, 
recently  deceased.  It  is  well  known  that  his 
Lordship's  correspondence  was  extensive  and 
varied.  Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents 
may  have  letters  of  his  in  their  possession.  Either 
the  originals,  or  copies  thereof,  would  be  accept- 
able to  his  Boswell.  There  are,  no  doubt,  much 
materials  scattered  through  the  kingdom,  of  which 
I  may  never  hear  until  it  is  too  late.  A  great 
many  of  his  Lordship's  philanthropic  acts  were 
unknown  to  fame.  Mayhap  this  notice  may  meet 
the  eyes  of  some  who  could  help  to  build  such  a 
monument  to  the  good  old  Lord's  memory. 

W.  FlTzPATRICK. 

Monkstown,  Dublin. 

Reckoning  by  Nights.  —  The  old  German  nations 
reckoned  by  nights,  of  which  we  have  the  remains 
in  the  words  se'nnight  for  week,  fortnight  for  two 
weeks.  I  read  lately  that  the  Indians  are  in  the 
habit  of  measuring  the  days  in  a  journey  by  sleeps. 
Perhaps,  among  migratory  nations,  unacquainted 
with  writing,  journeys  are  almost  the  only  things 
which  habitually  require  reference  to  periods  of 
time  shorter  than  a  moon.  If  so,  we  may  well 
understand  how  natural  it  would  be  to  measure 
the  length  of  the  journey  by  the  number  of  rests 
or  stoppages  :  that  is,  by  nights  instead  of  days. 
Has  this  question  been  discussed  ?  if  so,  query 
references.  H. 

Padgentree.  —  A  trick  of  youth,  which  I,  for 
one,  have  often  repented  of,  was  decoying  sparrows 
and  other  small  birds  into  ingenious  brick  trap?, 
or  under  well-ventilated  sieves,  and  when  any 
victims  were  caught,  endeavouring  to  reconcile 
them  to  a  new  mode  of  life  within  the  precincts  of 
an  old  basket,  or  a  cage  when  one  happened 
to  be  at  hand,  of  course  amply  furnished  with 
plenty  of  building  materials,  such  as  hay,  moss, 
&c.,  and  well  stored  with  all  manner  of  dainty 
food ;  but  the  poor  birds  would  neither  build  nor 
eat :  and  during  the  whole  of  my  extensive  ex- 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


perience  as  a  sparrow  fancier,  I  could  never  per- 
suade one  to  brook  confinement ;  they  very  soon 
warbled  the  death  note,  always  called  here  sing- 
ing padgentree,  and  "  cocked  their  toes  "  before 
next  sunrise.  Can  any  of  your  readers  throw  out 
any  suggestions  as  to  the  origin  of  this  "  padgen- 
tree?" JOHN  DIXON. 

"Rule  Britannia" — In  the  second  verse  of  this 
celebrated  song  there  is  an  inaccuracy  in  point  of 
grammar,  which  it  strikes  me  could  be  easily 
amended,  and  without  impairing  the  spirit  of  the 
lines.  It  occurs  in  the  first  line  : 

"  The  nations  not  so  bless'd  as  thee" 

Here  the  rules  of  grammar  evidently  require  thou, 
which,  if  substituted,  leaves  the  third  line  to  be 
dealt  with,  in  order  to  secure  the  rhyme.  And  I 
would  propose  to  make  the  line  to  run  thus  : 

"  While  thou  shalt  flourish  free  as  now." 
The  whole  stanza  thus  altered  would  read : 

"  The  nations,  not  so  bless'd  as  thou, 
Must  in  their  turn  to  tyrants  fall ; 
While  thou  shalt  flourish,  free  as  now, 
The  dread  and  envy  of  them  all." 

The  only  sacrifice  here  made  is  that  of  the  epithet 
"  great."  R.  S. 

Sell-ringing.  —  In  the  library  of  All  Souls  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  is  deposited  a  MS.  (No.  CXIX.) 
entitled : 

"  Orders  conceyved  and  agreed  uppon  by  the  company 
exercizing  the  arte  of  ringing,  knowne  and  called  by  the 
name  of  the  Schollers  of  Cheapesyde  in  London,  begon 
and  so  continewd  from  the  second  day  of  February,  Anno 
1603." 

with  a  list  of  names  of  the  generals  and  wardens  to 
the  year  1634  inclusive,  annexed.  Z.  z. 

Harvest  Horn.  —  It  is  a  very  general  practice 
here  for  the  boys  about  the  streets  to  blow  horns 
during  the  time  of  harvest.  I  do  not  see  this 
practice  alluded  to  in  Hone,  nor  any  of  the 
writers  he  refers  to  for  customs,  &c.,  during 
harvest.  I  thought  it  might  be  as  well  to  pre- 
serve it  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q." 

Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents  may  give 
us  some  other  notices,  or  perhaps  be  able  to  tell 
something  more  [of  this  particular  practice.  I 
heard  the  first  on  Saturday  last.  GEORGE. 

Norwich,  Aug.  16. 

"Vaudeville." — From  a  collection  of  songs 
published  at  Lyons,  and  entitled  Chansons  et  voix 
de  ville,  in  1561  ;  and  from  another  published  at 
Paris  in  1576,  entitled  Recueil  des  plus  belles 
chansons  en  forme  des  voix  de  ville,  may  we  not  learn 
the  genuine  etymology  of  the  word  vaudeville? 

JAMES  CORNISH. 


THOMAS  DECKER'S  "  FOUR  BIRDS,"  1609. 

I  have  recently  obtained  an  imperfect  copy  of 
a  little  work  by  the  celebrated  Thomas  Decker, 
or  Dekker,  which  does  not  appear  to  be  known  to 
bibliographers ;  and,  if  so,  a  few  Notes  upon  it 
cannot  but  be  acceptable  to  many  of  the  readers 
of  "N.  &  Q."  It  is  in  duodecimo,  with  several 
title-pages,  e.g. 

"  THE  PELICAN.  The  Pelican  bringeth  health.  Vigi- 
late  et  Orate.  Printed  at  London  by  H.  B.  for  N.  B.  16C9." 

"  THE  EAGLE.  The  Eagle  bringeth  courage.  Vigilate 
et  Orate.  Printed  at  London  by  H.  B.  for  Nathaniel 
Butter,  1609." 

In  the  imprint  in  the  original,  the  letter  r  is 
accidentally  omitted  in  the  word  printed. 

"  THE  PHCENIX.  The  Phoenix  bringeth  life.  Vigilate 
et  Orate.  Printed  at  London  by  H.  B.  for  N.  B.  1609." 

This  portion  is  dedicated  "To  the  two  worthie 
and  worthily  admired  Ladies,  Sarah,  wife  to  the 
Right  Worshipful  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  Knight ;  and 
Catharine,  wife  to  the  Right  Worshipful  Sir  John- 
Scot,  Knight;"  signed,  "Humbly  devoted  to  your 
Ladyships,  Tho.  Dekker."  The  general  title-page 
is  wanting,  but  there  is  a  dedication  to  Sir  Thomas 
Smith,  from  the  author,  who  subscribes  himself: 
"  Ever  bounden  to  your  worship,  Tho.  Dekker." 
The  fourth  treatise  is  of  the  Dove.  Any  inform- 
ation on  this  work,  especially  the  proper  title  of 
the  whole,  would  be  very  acceptable, 

J.  O.  HALLIWELL. 


DR.   BROOME   THE    POET. 

Will  you  allow  me,  through  the  medium  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  to  put  two  or  three  questions  to  your 
correspondents  respecting  Dr.  Broome,  whose 
name  is  still  deservedly  memorable  as  the  friend 
and  literary  assistant  of  Pope  ?  In  Dr.  Broome's 
will,  made  in  1745,  which  I  found  at  Norwich, 
and  appended  to  a  short  Memoir  of  the  poet 
recently  published  by  me,  he  mentions  his  sister 
"  Elizabeth  Cooke  of  Bank  Hall,  Lancashire,"  his 
"  other  sisters,  Margaret,  Anne,  and  Sarah,"  and 
his  "brother,  Richard  Broome  of  Dagenham,  in 
Essex."  I  believe  there  are  two  "  Bank  Halls  " 
in  Lancashire,  one  in  Leyland  and  the  other 
near  Kirkdale.  As  I  am  devoting  myself  to  the 
preparation  of  a  new  edition  of  Broome's  Poems, 
I  shall  be  truly  grateful  for  answers  to  the  above 
Queries,  or  for  any  other  information  relating 
either  to  Broome's  personal  history  or  writings, 
and  conveyed  either  through  "  N.  &  Q.,"  or  ad- 
dressed as  below. 

I  have  succeeded,  through  the  invaluable  assist- 
ance of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  in  obtaining  copies  of  two  of 
the  earliest  editions  of  Broome.  T.  W.  BARLOW. 

St.  James'  Chambers,  Manchester. 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


223 


Maps  of  Rome.  —  I  should  be  thankful  to  be 
informed,  through  the  medium  of  your  columns,  if 
any  maps  of  Rome  are  extant  about  the  sixteenth 
century,  or  previous  to  that  date  ?  2.  A.  2. 

Disinterment.  —  Can  a  body  be  removed  from 
church  or  churchyard  by  consent  of  the  clergy- 
man, without  application  to  higher  authority? 
Must  there  not  be  some  record  or  legal  evidence 
of  such  disinterment  and  removal  ?  and,  if  so, 
where  will  it  be  found  ?  D.  I.  T. 

Stone  Shot.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
inform  me,  or  direct  me  whence  any  information 
can  be  obtained  respecting  the  time  when  stone 
shot  ceased  to  be  used  in  our  forts  ?  In  the  neigh- 
bourhood in  which  I  live  are  two  castles,  St. 
Mary  and  Pendennis  (temp.  Henry  VIII.  and 
Edward  VI.),  near  which  stone  shot  have  been 
occasionally  found,  and  several  are  built  in  the 
walls  of  the  latter  castle.  Those  that  have  been 
picked  up  are  covered  with  serpula,  which  clearly 
prove  that  they  have  been  for  some  time  sub- 
merged in  the  sea.  The  stone  shot  which  were 
commonly  used  were  of  granite,  marble,  or  what 
is  called  greensand  limestone.  I  shall  feel  obliged 
for  any  communication  on  this  matter  which  I 
may  receive  from  any  of  your  correspondents. 

JAMES  CORNISH. 

Falmouth. 

Arms  of  Brettell  and  Needes.  —  Can  any  corre- 
spondent tell  me  the  arms  of  Brettell  ?  The 
crest  is,  I  believe,  a  demi-gryphon.  The  name  is 
common  in  Worcestershire.  Also  the  arms  of 
Needes  ?  I  find  a  crest,  alone,  registered  to  the 
latter  name,  but  there  are  few,  if  any,  families 
who  legally  bear  a  crest  without  arms.  The  crest 
is  a  buck's  head  embossed,  ppr.,  pierced  through 
with  an  arrow,  also  ppr.  C.  J.  DOUGLAS. 

Heraldic  Queries.  —  Hilton,  of  Hilton,  co. 
Durham.  Crest,  on  a  close  helmet,  Moses's  head 
in  profile  glorified,  adorned  with  a  rich  diapered 
mantle,  all  proper. 

Dakyns,  of  Linton,  co.  York.  Motto,  "  Strike, 
Dakyns,  the  devil's  in  the  hempe." 

Can  you,  or  any  of  your  correspondents,  give 
the  origin  of  this  strange  bearing  and  strange 
motto  ?  C.  DE  D. 

Brian  Walton.  —  Tradition  has  assigned  to 
Seamer,  in  Cleveland,  the  honour  of  being  the 
birth-place  of  this  eminent  scholar.  It  is  however 
stated  in  Boswell's  Antiquities,  No.  3.,  that  he 
was  born  near  Hexham  in  Northumberland,  and 
instructed  in  classical  learning  at  Newcastle-on- 
Tyne.  I  know  not  whether  this  statement  rests 
on  any  reliable  authority,  but  it  is  worth  noting, 


that  in  33  Eliz.  Brian  Walton  of  Newby,  in  the 
county  of  York,  was  apprenticed  to  William 
Marley  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  merchant.  Query, 
May  not  this  Brian  Walton  have  been  the  bishop's 
father  ?  It  cannot  be  otherwise  than  interesting 
to  ascertain  particulars  relative  to  the  family 
history  of  one  who  has  deserved  so  well  of  litera- 
ture as  the  editor  of  the  London  Polyglott.  Arch- 
deacon Todd,  at  p.  160.  of  his  memoirs  of  the 
bishop,  mentions  a  person  of  both  his  names,  a 
Fellow  of  Peter  House,  Cambridge,  who  took  the 
degree  of  B.A.  in  1676,  and  that  of  D.C.L.  or 
LL.D.  in  1688.  The  college  registers  would  pro- 
bably inform  us  whether  this  was  a  son  of  that 
great  man.  E.  H.  A. 

Publicans.  —  The  accounts  generally  given  by 
commentators  of  the  Publicans  of  the  later  years 
of  Jewish  history  are  very  meagre  and  unsatis- 
factory. Where  can  fuller  researches  into  their 
religious,  as  well  as  civil,  position  be  met  with  ? 
Are  there  any  grounds  for  concluding  that  they 
were,  as  a  body,  airoa-wdywyoi,  or  partially  excom- 
municated? The  establishing  that  fact  would 
throw  much  light  on  many  passages  of  the  New 
Testament.  WILLIAM  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

Flodden  Field.  —  Is  there  any  authentic  list  of 
the  English  warriors  slain  at  the  celebrated  battle 
of  Flodden  Field,  at  which  it  appears  seven  gen- 
tlemen of  one  family  named  Bebbington,  six  sons 
and  a  brother,  fell  ?  CESTRIENSIS. 

"  Ould  Grouse  in  the  Gun  Room."  — Where  can 
I  find  the  story  of  "  Grouse  in  the  Gun  Room," 
mentioned  by  Goldsmith  in  She  Stoops  to  Con- 
quer f  IGNOTUS. 

Speechless  Deserter.  —  Can  you  give  me  any 
account  of  a  soldier  that  deserted  in  the  last  cen- 
tury, and  wandered  in  Ireland  for  a  great  number 
of  years,  and  that  when  discovered  he  had  lost  his 
speech  ?  WILLIAM  STARK. 

12.  St.  James's  Square. 

" Crawley,  God  help  us"  Sfc.  —  As  your  corre- 
spondent MR.  E.  W.  JACOB  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  446.  &c.) 
appears  to  be  following  the  example  of  Job,  de- 
scribed in  the  latter  part  of  the  16th  verse  of  the 
29th  chapter  of  that  worthy  man's  history,  I  beg 
to  ask  him  the  meaning  of  the  local  phrases : 
"Crawley,  God  help  us,"  and  "Downton  good 
now  ?"  I  am  aware  that  this  subject,  as  to  Tick- 
hill  and  other  places,  has  been  noticed  in  "  N.  & 
Q.,"  Vol.  i.,  pp.  247.  325. 422. ;  but  I  hope  for  and 
anticipate  a  fuller  explanation  as  to  Crawley  and 
Downton.  HENRY  EDWARDS. 

"  Tichhill,  God  help  me." — I  cannot  help  think- 
ing that  this  expression  bears  reference,  in  its 


224 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


origin,  to  the  continual  sieges  which  the  Castle 
of  Tickhill,  or  Tichil,  underwent  in  the  times  of 
the  Norman  kings.  During  two  centuries,  it  ap- 
pears from  the  chroniclers  that  it  was  continually 
an  object,  of  attack.  (See  Hoveden  passim.") 

HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Queen  Anne's  Bounty. — Can  you  give  me  any 
information  relative  to  Queen  Anne's  Bounty  to 
the  orphans  of  naval  officers?  A.  G. 

Andrea  Ferrara.  —  Did  Andrea  Ferrara  ever 
live  in  the  Highlands,  or  were  the  claymores  im- 
ported into  Scotland  from  Italy  ?  CEMTUBION. 

Ill  Luck  averted.  —  Can  you  tell  me  the  origin 
of  the  superstition  that  taking  off  the  hat,  or  kiss- 
ing the  hand  to  a  magpie,  will  avert  ill  luck  ? 

Cossis. 


©uert'ctf  toitlj 

Noon. — What  is  the  derivation  of  "noon?" 
Can  it  be  Nona  Hora,  the  ninth  hour  ?  In  that 
case,  would  not  noon  be  not  so  much  a  point  as  a 
period  of  time,  extending  from  12  to  3,  and  the 
"  afternoon"  be  that  part  of  the  day  which  comes 
"  after"  3  P.M.  ?  WILLIAM  FBASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

[King  Edgar,  A.D.  958,  made  an  ecclesiastical  law  that 
the  Lord's  Day  should  be  observed  on  Saturday  at  noon, 
till  the  light  should  appear  on  Monday  morning  (Selden, 
Angl.,  lib.  ir.  cap.  vi.).  Mr.  Johnson,  in  his  Ecclesiastical 
Laws,  part  i.  anno  958,  No.  5.,  speaking  of  this  law,  says, 
"The  noontide  signifies  three  in  the  afternoon,  according 
to  our  present  account:  and  this  practice,  I  conceive,  con- 
tinued down  to  the  Reformation.  In  King  Withfred's 
time,  the  Lord's  Day  did  not  begin  till  sunset  on  the 
Saturday.  Three  in  the  afternoon  was  hora  nona  in  the 
Latin  account,  and  therefore  called  noon :  how  it  came 
afterwards  to  signify  mid-day,  I  can  but  guess.  The 
monks,  by  their  rules,  could  not  eat  their  dinner  till  thev 
had  said  their  noon-day  song,  which  was  a  sen-ice  regu- 
larly to  be  said  at  three  o'clock;  but  they  probably  anti- 
cipated their  devotions  and  their  dinner,  by  saying  their 
noon-song  immediately  after  their  mid-day  song,  and 
presently  falling  on.  I  wish  they  had  never"  been  guiltv 
of  a  worse  fraud  than  this.  But  it  may  fairly  be  supposed 
that  when  mid-day  became  the  time  of  dining  and  saying 
noon-song,  it  was  for  this  reason  called  noon  by  the  monks, 
who  were  the  masters  of  the  language  during  the  Dark 
Ages.  In  the  Shepherd's  Almanack,  noon  is  mid-day ; 
liiyk  noon,  three  o'clock."  But  if  there  were  the  least 
doubt  of  the  derivation  of  this  word,  the  authority  of 
Matthew  Paris  in  the  following  extract  would  remove  it : 
"  In  quadragesima  usque  ad  nonam  jejunare  solebant.  Sit 
ad  tcrtiam  pomeridianam,  quas  hora  nona  veteribus  dici- 
tur.  Xondum  enim  laxarant  Monacal  jejunii  primitivi 
ugorem.  Vcr.um  ante  aliquot  saecula,  in  gratiam  delica- 
fculorum  indultum  est,  ut  officium  illucl  ecclesiasticum, 
quod  hora  tcrtia  sive  nona  recitari  solebat,  citiiis  per  tres 
horas  anticiparetur,  et  sub  meridiem  caneretur.  Atque 
Line  est,  quod  Belgice  Angliceque  Meridiem  Noone  dici- 
mus."  (See  his  Glossary,  in  coce.)  In  Lent  they  were 
wont  to  fast  till  noon;  that  is,  till  the  third  hour  after 
mid-day,  which  the  ancients  call  the  ninth  hour ;  for  the 


monks  had  not  yet  relaxed  the  rigour  of  primitive  fasting. 
But  in  course  of  time  it  was  allowed,  for  the  purpose  of 
feasting  and  sensual  indulgence,  that  this  office  of  the 
Church,  which  was  wont  to  be  performed  at  the  third  or 
ninth  hour,  should  be  anticipated  sooner  by  three  hours, 
and  be  sung  about  mid-day.  And  hence  it' is,  that  in  the 
Dutch  and  English  languages  we  call  mid-day  noon."] 

Ossian's  Poems.  —  In  common  with  others  of 
your  readers,  I  should  be  glad  to  be  in  possession 
of  any  data  by  means  of  which  the  perplexing 
question  of  the  authenticity  of  Ossian's  Poems 
might  be  determined.  It  is  as  difficult  to  believe 
Macpherson  to  have  been  the  author  as  to  believe 
that  such  beautiful  compositions  could  have  been 
produced  in  a  barbarous  age,  and  handed  down 
by  oral  tradition  alone  for  so  many  centuries  :  at 
least  it  is  so  to  my  mind.  Could  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents do  anything  towards  solving  this  diffi- 
culty ?  EDWAKD  WEST. 

15.  Paul  Street,  Finsbury  Square. 

[On  the  mere  ground  of  want  of  room  we  cannot  re- 
open in  our  pages  the  controversy  respecting  Ossian's 
Poems ;  but  more  especially  as  their  merits  and  authen- 
ticity have  been  so  frequently  and  keenly  discussed.  In 
the  Penny  Cyclopaedia,  Vol.  xvii.  p.  50.,  will  be  found  an 
able  article,  giving  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  nature,  pro- 
gress, and  present  state  of  the  controversy  relating  to 
them,  as  well  as  the  most  important  facts  and  arguments 
which  bear  upon  their  authenticity.  Sir  Walter  Scott 
said  that  Dr.  Johnson's  account  of  Ossian's  Poems  is  that 
at  which  most  sensible  people  have  arrived,  namely,  that 
"  Macpherson  had  found  names,  and  stories,  and  phrases, 
nay,  passages,  in  old  songs,  and  with  them  had  blended 
his  own  composition,  and  so  made  what  he  gives  to  the 
world  as  the  translation  of  an  ancient  poem."  h'ee  Bos- 
well's  Johnson,  Sept.  23,  1773,  Croker's  edition.] 

Clarendon's  "History  of  the  Irish  Rebellion."  — 
In  what  respects  is  the  Dublin  edition  (8vo., 
1719-20)  of  this  work  "much  more  correct  than 
that  of  London?"  and  on  whose  authority  is  the 
assertion  so  frequently  made  ?  ABHBA. 

[The  assertion  is  made  on  the  authority  of  an  adver- 
tisement prefixed  to  the  Dublin  edition  of  1719-20,  which 
states  that  "  this  edition  is  much  more  correct  than  that 
of  London,  having  been  compared  with  two  manuscripts 
in  his  Grace  [William  King]  the  Lord  Archbishop's  li- 
brary, in  one  of  which  his  Grace  has  writ  these  words 
with  his  own  hand,  which  AVC  set  down  here  for  the 
reader's  satisfaction :  '  This  Vindication,  as  I  was  in- 
formed by  the  late  Lord  Clarendon,  was  writ  by  his 
father  Lord  Chancellor  Clarendon  (if  I  remember  right) 
at  Cologne,  with  the  assistance  of  the  Duke  of  Ormond, 
and  by  the  help  of  Memoirs  furnished  by  the  said  Duke. 
I  had  it  from  Captain  Baxter,  a  servant,  I  think  steward, 
to  the  Duke  of  Osmond,  in  the  year  1686.  — WILLIAM 
DUBLIN.' "  The  Dublin  edition  was  not  known  to  either 
Watt  or  Lowndes :  it  is  not  in  the  Bodleian  Library ;  and 
it  was  not  till  1819  that  a  copy  was  to  be  found  in  the 
British  Museum.  From  a  curious  anecdote  respecting  it, 
noticed  in  our  Second  Volume,  p.  357.,  it  would  seem  to 
be  theirs*  edition;  but,  if  so,  the  advertisement  quoted 
above  must  have  been  added  after  the  publication  of  the 
London  edition  of  1720.  The  Dublin  edition  was  re- 
printed in  1816,  in  Clarendon's  History  of  the  Rebellion; 
but  the  edition  of  7  vols.,  1849,  edited  by  Dr.  B;;ndinel,  is 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


225 


printed  verbatim  from  the  original  MS.  preserved  in  the 
Bodleian  Library,  as  far  as  it  goes,  the  remainder  being 
taken  from  another  MS.  in  the  same  library,  which  seems 
to  have  been  transcribed  from  the  original  MS.  when 
complete.  The  London  edition  of  1720  attributed  the 
origin  of  the  rebellion  to  the  Protestants  instead  of  the 
Romanists,  whereas  the  Dublin  edition  reversed  tlie  ac- 
cusation.^ 

"  /  saw  thy  form  in  youthful  prime."  —  I  send 
you  some  lines  formerly  given  in  the  schools  at 
Oxford,  for  translation  into  Latin  elegiacs.  I  am 
very  anxious  to  discover  their  author,  and  should 
be  much  obliged  to  you  if  you  could  inform  me  in 
your  next  Number. 

"  I  saw  thy  form  in  youthful  prime, 

Nor  thought  that  pale  decay 
Would  steal  before  the  steps  of  Time, 

And  waste  its  bloom  away,  Mary ! 
Yet  still  thy  features  wore  that  light 

Which  fleets  not  with  the  breath ; 
And  life  ne'er  look'd  more  truly  bright 

Than  in  thy  smile  of  death,  Mary ! 
"  As  streams  that  run  o'er  golden  mines, 

Yet  humbly,  calmly  glide, 
Nor  seem  to  know  the  wealth  that  shines 

Within  their  gentle  tide,  Mary ! 
So,  veil'd  beneath  the  simplest  guise, 

Thy  radiant  genius  shone, 
And  that,  whicli  charm'd  all  other  eyes, 

Seem'd  worthless  in  thy  own,  Mary  ! 
"  If  souls  could  always  dwell  above, 

Thou  ne'er  hadst  left  that  sphere ; 
Or,  could  we  keep  the  souls  we  love, 

We  ne'er  had  lost  thee  here,  Mary ! 
Though  many  a  gifted  mind  we  meet, 

Though  fairest  forms  we  see, 
To  live  with  them  is  far  less  sweet 

Than  to  remember  thee,  Mary ! " 

A.  II. 

Deptford  Inn,  near  Haytesbury. 

[The  lines  are  Moore's,  and  are  arranged,  in  his  Irish 
Melodies,  to  the  old  tune  of  "  Donald."  They  were  written 
in  memory  of  his  friend  Mrs.  Tighe,  the  authoress  of 
Psyche,  and  are  certainly  among  the  teiiderest  effusions 
Moore  ever  wrote.  ] 

ThelwaWs  "  Hope  of  Albion."  —  I  shall  feel 
grateful  for  any  information  respecting  a  work 
by  Thelwall  (who  was  tried  for  treason  in  1794, 
and  acquitted),  entitled  The  Hope  of  Albion,  or 
Edwin  of  Northumbria  ?  EDWARD  WEST. 

[The  first  rough  sketch  of  this  poem  was  drawn  up 
before  Mr.  Thelwall  commenced  his  political  career,  and 
fortunately  escaped  the  general  pillage  of  his  papers  when 
he  was  arrested  on  May  12,  1794.  During  his  subsequent 
residence  in  the  romantic  village  of  Llys-Wen,  in  lireck- 
nockshire,  five  books  of  the  poem  were  written,  and  the 
whole  plan  developed  through  all  its  branches.  But  an 
unexpected  event  stopped  its  farther  progress.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1799,  Thelwall  sent  to  London  for  some  books  to  elu- 
cidate the  early  periods  of  British  history,  which  were 
duly  forwarded  to  him  in  a  parcel  from  Lackington's ; 
but  when  within  seven  miles  of  its  destination  it  was 
seized  by  a  king's  messenger,  who  posted  with  it  to 
London  for  the  inspection  of  the  Privy  Council,  and  a 
month  elapsed  before  it  was  returned  to  its  owner.  His 
political  associations,  however,  so  effectually  dissipated 


his  poetic  meditations  that  the  work  was  never  entirely 
completed.  Some  "  Specimens  "  of  it,  from  the  first  two 
books,  will  be  found  in  his  Poems,  chiefly  written  in  Retire- 
ment, 8vo.,  Hereford,  1802,  pp.  175.  to  202.] 

"  One  evening  Good  Humour"  8fc. — Where  can 
I  find  the  words  of  a  song  commencing,  "  One 
evening  Good  Humour  sat  down  as  a  guest  ?"  and 
by  whom  were  the  words  written  ?  M".  A. 

[This  song  is  entitled  "Time  made  Prisoner."  The 
only  version  known  to  us  is  contained  in  Dr.  Burney's 
Collection  of  Songs,  vol.  v.  p.  298.,  in  the  British  Museum.] 


FLOWERS    MENTIONED    BY    SHAKSPEARE. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  98.) 

As  no  Shakspearian  correspondent  of  "  N.  & 
Q."  has  answered  MR.  MACCULLOCH'S  inquiries 
respecting  flowers  named  by  Shakspeare,  I  have 
been,  tempted  to  send  him  some  short  extracts 
from  notes  that  I  have  from  time  to  time  collected 
respecting  them. 

"  Cuckoo-buds  of  yellow  hue"  Farmer  says, 
"  must  be  wrong  ;  I  believe  cowslip  buds  the  true 
reading."  But  why  should  cowslip  buds  be  the 
true  reading  ?  when  the  Ranunculus  bulbosus, 
known  to  every  country  child  by  the  name  of 
butter-cup,  was  styled  by  our  ancestors  tiny-cup, 
golden-cup,  leopard's  foot,  and  cuckoo-buds  ;  and 
by  the  latter  name  I  have  heard  it  called  in 
Sussex.  Numerous  spring  flowers  have  old  names 
significant  of  their  blooming  "  at  the  cuckoo's 
time  of  coming  ;•"  and  the  wood  sorrel,  referred  to 
by  MR.  MACCBLLOCH,  is  one  of  them.  Gerard 
says : 

"Apothecaries  and  herbalists  call  it  Cuckoo's  meat, 
either  because  the  cuckoo  feedeth  thereon,  or  by  reason 
when  it  springeth  forth  the  cuckoo  singeth  most." 

Mary-buds.  Mary-buds  is  an  old  name  for  the 
maryguld,  which  was  regarded  by  the  monkish 
botanists  as  a  holy  flower,  and  so  named  by  them 
in  honour  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  who  was  tradi- 
tionally believed  to  have  often  carried  one  in  her 
bosom.  Chatterton  speaks  of  this  flower  "  as  the 
marybud  that  shutteth  with  the  light." 

Long  purples.  I  believe  the  commentators  on 
Shakspeare  who  have  decided  the  "  long  purples  " 
to  be  intended  for  the  Purple  Orchi?,  to  be  right 
in  their  conjecture,  for  the  name  of  Dead  men's 
thumbs  or  fingers  is  still  applied  to  it.  Johnson 
tells  us,  on  the  authority  of  Collins  the  poet,  that 
it  was  so  called  in  his  time  in  Sussex.  This  sin- 
gular name  was  probably  given  to  the  plant  from 
the  form  of  its  root,  which  consists  of  two  knobs, 
shaped  like  a  hand.  That  the  Arum  is  not  the 
plant  alluded  to,  I  gather  from  a  line  in  the  old 
ballad  of  "  The  Deceased  Maiden  Lover,"  where 


226 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


Dead  man's  thumb  is  spoken  of  as  "a  plant  that  in 
the  meadow  grew,"  which  would  not  apply  to 
the  Arum,  whose  habitat  is  hedge  bottoms  and 
woods ;  neither  would  Ophelia  have  found  it 
growing  by  a  brook,  near  which  "  fantastick  gar- 
lands did  she  make." 

Sweet  musk  roue.  The  musk  rose  was  one  of 
the  earliest  species  of  roses  cultivated  in  England ; 
it  is  found  wild  in  some  parts  of  Spain ;  its  musky 
odour  is  most  powerful  in  the  evening;  it  is 
named  by  Milton,  as  well  as  by  Shakspeare,  wood- 
bine honeysuckle. 

In  all  botanical  works  the  Lonicera  is  styled 
woodbine  honeysuckle ;  and  Henley  says,  "  So  the 
woodbine,  i.  e.  the  sweet  honeysuckle,"  &c.,  which 
proves  that  he  considered  them  to  be  the  same 
plant.  In  Sicily  and  Naples,  or  the  Fatal  Union, 
published  in  1640,  the  honeysuckle  is  spoken  of 
as  "  the  amorous  woodbine's  offspring,"  and  it  is 
therefore  not  improbable  that  in  Shakspeare's  time 
the  plant  was  known  as  the  woodbine,  and  the 
blossom  as  the  honeysuckle. 

Love  in  Idleness.  The  pansy  is  still  called 
"  Love  in  Idleness  "  in  Warwickshire  ;  and  Lyte 
names  it  also  in  his  Herbal,  in  a  long  list  of  names 
borne  by  that  flower  in  his  time.  Taylor  the 
Water  Poet,  who  was  also  a  cotemporary  of  Shak- 
speare's, quibbling  on  the  names  of  plants,  men- 
tions the  pansy  thus : 

"  When  passions  are  let  loose  without  a  bridle, 
Their  precious  time  is  turn'd  to  love  in  idle." 

Linnaeus,  in  his  work  on  the  flowers  of  Lapland, 
mentions  pansies  of  which  some  of  the  flowers 
were  white,  and  I  have  occasionally  gathered  spe- 
cimens of  this  plant  in  corn  fields,  the  upper  petals 
of  which  were  "  milk  white  ; "  and  it  is  well  known 
that  the  colours  of  wild  flowers  vary  with  soil  and 
situation.  C.  L. 

The  flowers  "  Cuckoo-buds  "  mentioned  by 
Shakspeare  would  seem  to  apply  to  the  blossoms  of 
the  Greater  Stitchwort  (Stellaria  holostea),  which 
form  so  conspicuous  an  ornament  to  our  hedge- 
rows during  the  month  of  April.  Even  in  the 
latter  end  of  March  do  we  hail  its  delicate  starry 
flowers,  betokening  the  approach  of  spring  as  they 
peep  from  the  faded  blades  of  last  year's  grass. 

"  The  leaves  are  from  one  to  three  inches  long.  The 
flowers,  a  dozen  or  more  on  each  stem.  Rich  yellow 
anthers  surmount  the  silvery  petals,  which  are  large  and 
handsome,  and  of  the  purest  white ;  mounted  on  slender 
foot-stalks,  two  or  more  inches  long." 

The  buds  have  a  tinge  of  primrose  upon  them 
before  they  expand,  which  may  probably  account 
for  — 

"  Cuckoo-buds  of  yellow  hue." 

The  plant  is  commonly  found  in  Kent  on  sunny 
hedgerows,  and  there  is  well  known  by  the  name 
"  Cuckoo  Flower,"  because  it  is  mostly  seen  when 


the  notes  of  that  wild  mysterious  bird  echo 
through  the  vales  and  woods. 

What  old  English  pleasaunce  is  there  without 
its  large  ancient  tree  of  Musk  Rose  ?  bending,  in 
early  summer,  beneath  the  weight  of  its  thousand 
clusters  of  delicate  creamy  semi-double  flowers, 
the  peculiar  perfume  of  which,  floating  on  the 
calm  evening  air,  bears  the  imagination  to  the 
"  spicey  gales  "  of  the  East. 

Are  not  the  woodbine,  eglantine,  and  bind- 
weed the  same,  and  of  which  there  are  two  varie- 
ties?— the  greater  (white),  which  attaches  itself 
to  some  other  plant ;  and  the  lesser  one,  with, 
pinkish  blossoms,  which  trails  along  the  ground, 
particularly  at  the  edges  of  the  corn-fields,  where 
it  may  be  found  in  abundance.  Some  notes  in  an 
old  edition  of  Shakspeare  describe  the  "  long  pur- 
ples" in  "  Ophelia's  garland"  to  mean  a  plant,  the 
modern  botanical  name  of  which  is  Orchis  morio 
mas.  The  queen,  in  describing  Ophelia's  death, 
says : 

" And  long  purples 

That  our  cold  maids  do-dead  man's  fingers  call  them." 
And  in  an  ancient  black-letter  ballad,  entitled 
"The   Deceased   Maiden   Lover,"   we    find  this 
verse,  which  bears  upon  the  same  flower : 

"  Then  round  the  meadowes  did  she  walke, 
Catching  each  flower  by  the  stalke ; 
Such  as  within  the  meddowes  grew; 
As  dead  man's  thumbs  and  harebell  blew." 

I  find  "Love  in  Idleness"  described  as  the 
"  wild  violet ;"  although  why  it  should  be  said  to 
be  — 

" .        .        .        .        The  little  western  flower, 
Purpled  with  Love's  wound," 

I  am  at  a  loss  to  understand :  for  is  it  not  sup- 
posed the  wild  violet  sprung  from  the  blood  of 
Ajax,  when  he  slew  himself  in  grief  at  the  armour 
of  Achilles  being  adjudged  to  Ulysses  ?  Might 
not  the  Anemone  claim  the  name,  having  "  become 
purpled"  through  the  blood  of  Adonis  ?  I  venture 
not  to  give  opinions,  but  simply  my  ideas  in  the 
form  of  Queries,  which  may  be  solved  by  some 
more  experienced  correspondent. 

CHARLOTTE  SiEACBr. 
Kackheath  Hall,  Norwich. 


I  am  disposed  to  think  that  the  "  long 
purples "  are  the  flowers  of  the  early  orchis, 
O.  mascula.  The  "  grosser  name  "  alluded  to  by 
the  queen  is  still  perpetuated  by  the  present 
generic  term  upxts ;  whilst  the  plant  is  still  called 
"  Bloody  Men's  Fingers  "  by  the  peasantry  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Cheltenham,  who  have  a  most 
unaccountable  aversion  to  this,  one  of  the  love- 
liest of  our  spring  flowers.  The  children,  indeed, 
will  make  nosegays  of  the  blossoms,  but  leave 
them  at  some  distance  from  home,  fearful  of  a 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


227 


rebuke  should  they  bring  the  "  nasty  things  "  to 
the  cottage  door.  This  was  told  me  several 
years  ago  by  Professor  James  Buckman,  who 
added  that  the  country  people  had  often  expressed 
their  surprise  at  seeing  him  when  botanising  with 
a  bunch  of  the  proscribed  flowers  in  his  hand. 
The  Gloucestershire  name  sounds  very  like  the 
"  Dead  Men's  Fingers "  of  Shakspeare's  "  cold 
maids."  W.  J.  BEHNHARD  SMITH. 

Temple. 


ENGLISH   BISHOPS'    MITRES,  ETC. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  87.) 

In  a  woodcut  in  King  Edward's  Catechism, 
1548,  representing  the  presentation  of  a  Bible  to 
the  King,  the  bishops  wear  mitres  and  all  the 
ancient  vestments. 

I  find  no  reference  to  the  mitre  in  any  formu- 
lary of  the  Reformed  Church.  The  pastoral  staff 
is  mentioned  in  the  first  ordination  book  of  King 
Edward,  1549,  but  not  in  the  second,  1552.  It 
was  at  that  time  doubtless  laid  aside. 

"  Horned  prelates  "  of  course  appeared  again 
during  the  reign  of  Mary.  Oglethorpe  no  doubt 
wore  a  mitre  at  the  semi-popish  coronation  of 
Elizabeth,  for  it  is  stated  that  Bonner's  vestments 
were  borrowed  for  the  occasion.  I  do  not  suppose 
that  mitres  have  ever  been  used  by  English  bishops 
since  that  time.  In  1561,  good  bishop  Pilkington, 
of  Durham,  expressly  says  that  the  bishops  "  have 
not  the  crucbe  [crook]  and  mitre  as  the  old  bishops 
had"  (Works,  P.  S.  584.)  ;  and  again  he  says  that 
he  "  has  neither  cruche  nor  mitre  "  (Ib.  587.). 

The  recumbent  effigy  of  Bishop  Montagu,  at 
Bath  (1618),  is,  if  I  mistake  not,  mitred.  That 
of  Bishop  Andrewes  in  Southwark  (1626)  is  not. 
The  monumental  brass  of  Archbishop  Harsnet 
(1631)  represents  that  prelate  in  a  mitre  (Brasses, 
Camb.  Camd.  Soc.).  Such  instances  as  this  do 
not,  however,  prove  that  mitres  were  actually 
worn  by  the  individuals  commemorated.  There 
were,  I  believe,  no  mitres  at  the  coronation  of 
James  II.  (see  Sandford) :  at  that  of  William 
and  Mary,  the  bishops  carried  their  caps.  No 
mitres  are  to  be  seen  in  the  large  print  of  the  pro- 
cession engraved  by  Sam.  Moore. 

Mitres  of  gilt  metal  are,  or  were,  suspended 
over  the  tombs  of  Bishops  Morley  and  Mews  at 
Winchester  (1684,  1706).  I  remember  seeing 
one  of  them  a  few  years  ago. 

With  respect  to  the  coronation  of  George  II.,  I 
believe  MR.  FRASER  must  be  misinformed. 

The  mitre  commonly  borne  at  the  funerals  of 
the  bishops  of  Bristol  was  destroyed  in  the  Reform 
riots.  There  was  consequently  no  mitre  at  the 
funeral  of  Bishop  Gray  in  1834.  (Memoir  in 
Gent.  Mag) 


The  use  of  the  mitre  as  an  heraldic  distinction 
has  been  uninterrupted.  I  may  remark  that  the 
coronet  around  the  mitres  of  archbishops  is  a  re- 
cent and  unauthorised  innovation.  That  distinc- 
tion, and  also  a  plume  of  feathers  issuing  from  the 
sinister  side,  seem,  however,  to  have  formerly  per- 
tained to  the  princely  mitre  of  Durham.  (Roll  of 
Arms,  1515,  Willement.)  a\<p. 


In  Winchester  Cathedral,  the  mitres  of  Morley 
(1684)  and  Mews  (1706)  were  suspended  over  their 
tombs,  in  1814.  They  are  of  silver-gilt,  the  same 
material  of  which  Matthew  Wren's  mitre  was  made. 
Bishops  wore  their  mitres  at  the  coronations  of 
George  III.,  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  Edward  VI. 
Mitres  were  borne  at  the  funerals  of  the  follow- 
ing prelates  :  Duppa,  1662  ;  Juxon,  1663  ;  Frewen, 
1664 ;  Wren,  1667 ;  Cosin,  1671 ;  Trelawney, 
1721;  Lindsay,  1724.  The  effigies  of  these 
bishops  are  mitred :  Goodrich,  1552 ;  Magrath, 
1622  ;  Racket,  1670 ;  Lamplugh,  1691  ;  Sheldon, 
1677 ;  Hoadley  and  Porteus.  I  believe  that  the 
mitre,  usually  set  on  the  bier  of  the  bishops  of 
Bristol,  was  burned  by  the  rioters  only  some  years 
since.  At  New  College,  Oxford,  portions  of  the 
mitre  of  the  munificent  founder,  William  of  Wyke- 
ham,  are  preserved.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 


Pastoral  Staff  (Vol.  x.,  p.  102.).  —  In  1559  the 
fact  is  mentioned  that  no  pastoral  staff  was  given  to 
Abp.  Parker  at  his  consecration,  Dec.  17:  "Ad 
reliqua  Communionis  solemnia  pergit  Cicestrensis, 
nullum  Archiepiscopo  tradens  pastorale  baculum." 
The  Ordinal  used  on  this  occasion  was  the  Second 
Book  of  King  Edward  VI.,  A.  D.  1552  :  in  it  the 
tradition  of  the  pastoral  staff  was  omitted  ;  it  had 
been  retained  in  the  first  Ordinal  of  1549.  Queen 
Elizabeth  directed  the  former  Ordinal  to  be  used 
after  June  24,  1559.  It  is  remarkable  that  Bishop 
Barlow  continued  one  portion  of  the  rubric  of 
1549,  by  wearing  a  cope  of  silk,  while  he  neglected 
the  use  of  the  pastoral  staff.  When  that  ex- 
pressive symbol  of  authority  and  discipline  was  put 
into  the  hands  of  the  bishop,  the  words  still  in 
use,  from  "  Be  to  the  flock  of  Christ  a  shepherd  " 
to  "our  Lord,"  were  said.  During  the  reign 
of  Edward  VI.,  according  to  the  Ordinal  of  1549, 
after  the  consecration  of  Bishop  Poynet,  the  fol- 
lowing prelates  were  ordained  :  John  Hooper, 
March  8,  1550  ;  Miles  Coverdale  and  John  Scory, 
Aug.  30,  1551  ;  John  Taylor,  June  26,  1552.  On 
and  after  All  Saints  Day,  1552,  the  Second  Book 
of  Edward  VI.  was  directed  to  be  used.  (See 
The  English  Ordinal,  its  History,  Validity,  and 
Catholicity,  1851,  pp.  295—301.)  No  rubric^  of 
the  reformed  Ordinal  directed  the  use  of  unction 
or  the  tradition  of  the  mitre. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.  A. 


228 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


HANNAH   LIGHTFOOT. 

(Vol.  vii.,  p.  595. ;  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  87.  281.) 

A  Query  respecting  this  lady,  whose  history 
and  fate  appear  shrouded  in  great  mystery,  ap- 
peared in  the  Monthly  Magazine  for  April,  1821, 
and  drew  answers  from  various  correspondents 
which  will  be  found  in  vol.  li.  p.  532.,  vol.  lii. 
pp.  109.  197.  It  is  affirmed  on  one  hand  that  she 
was  married  to  one  Isaac  Axford ;  with  whom, 
however,  "  she  never  cohabited ;  being  taken  away 
from  the  church  door  the  day  they  were  married, 
and  never  heard  of  afterwards."  In  another  place 
it  is  doubted  whether  such  an  event  as  her  mar- 
riage to  Axford  ever  took  place.  It  is  farther 
stated  that  the  prince,  having  become  enamoured 
of  the  "  fair  Quakeress,"  employed  Miss  Chudleigh, 
afterwards  the  notorious  Duchess  of  Kingston,  to 
"  negotiate  for  him;"  and  that  a  place  of  meeting 
for  the  royal  lover  and  his  inamorata  was  furnished 
by  "  one  Perryn  of  Knightsbridge."  The  last 
communication  on  the  subject  purports  to  be  from 
a  cousin  of  the  lady,  who  states  that  — 

"  None  of  her  family  have  seen  her  since,  and  that  her 
mother  died  of  grief  .  .  .  The  general  belief  of  her  friends 
•was,  that  she  was  taken  into  keeping  by  Prince  George 
directly  after  her  marriage  to  Axford,  but  never  lived 
with  him." 

Axford,  it  is  asserted,  presented  on  his  knees  a 
petition  respecting  her  to  the  king ;  but,  being  a 
quiet  man,  allowed  the  matter  to  drop.  Mention 
is  made  of  a  gentleman  named  Dalton  (Galton  ?), 
who  had  married  a  daughter  of  Hannah  Lightfoot 
by  the  prince,  and  who,  being  left  by  her  with 
four  daughters,  was  shortly  expected  in  England, 
and  might  throw  some  light  on  the  matter.  Very 
different  is  the  testimony  of  the  octogenarian 
Beckford : 

"  *  Perceiving  (records  the  reminiscent  of  his  conversa- 
tions) a  fine  copy  of  Juntas' s  Letters,  I  asked  him  (Beck- 
ford)  if  he  thought  those  forcible  productions  were  from 
the  pen  of  Lord  Chatham  ? ' 

"  '  Most  decidedly  not :  none  of  us  (for  he  always  spoke 
of  the  Pitt  family  as  if  he  were  one  of  them)  ever  for  a. 
moment  thought  that  they  were,  and,  if  they  had  been, 
we  should  have  certainly  known  it.  There  is  much  in 
them  which  resembles  the  peculiarities  of  Burke  ;  and 
many  of  his  admirers  entertained  the  opinion  so  positively, 
that  Burke  felt  himself  called  upon  solemnly  to  disclaim 
the  imputation.  My  opinion  is,  Dr.  Wilmot  was  the 
author.' 

" '  Dr.  Wilmot ! '  I  reiterated  with  surprise. 

"  '  Ay,  Dr.  Wilmot ;  no  man  had  better  opportunities  : 
he  was  a  good  scholar,  a  sincere  Whig,  and  a  most  inti- 
mate friend  of  Lord  Chatham.  He  had  opportunities  of 
being  fully  acquainted  with  everything,  from  his  enjoying 
such  an  exclusive  confidence  of  George  III.,  which  arose 
from  the  following  singular  affair:  —  George  III.,  when 
Prince  George,  fell  in  love  with  a  beautiful  Quakeress  of 
the  name  of  Hannah  Lightfoot.  She  resided,  at  a  linen- 
draper's  shop,  at  the  corner  of  Market  Street,  St.  James's 
Market.  The  name  of  that  linendraper  was  Wheeler. 
As  the  prince  could  not  obtain  her  affections  exactly  in 
the  way  he  most  desired,  he  persuaded  Dr.  Wilmot  to 


marry  them  ;  which  he  did  at  Kew  Chapel,  in  1759 — 
William  Pitt,  afterwards  Lord  Chatham,  and  Ann  Taylor, 
being  the  parties  witnessing ;  and,  for  aught  I  know,  that 
document  is  still  in  existence.' 

" '  You  astonish,  me.' 

" '  Ah,  ah !  when  you  have  lived  as  long  in  the  world 
as  I  have,  you  will  cease  being  astonished  at  anything.' '' 
—  "Conversations  with  the  late  Mr.  Beckford"  (Nttr 
Monthly  Magazine,  vol.  Ixxii.  p.  216.) 

I  do  not  know  how  far  these  alleged  conversa- 
tions have  been  faithfully  reported ;  if  the  mar- 
riage took  place  as  described  by  Beckford,  it 
would  undoubtedly  have  been  valid,  the  Royal 
Marriage  Act  being  of  subsequent  enactment. 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 


PASSAGE    IN    COLERIDGE  :    RAINBOWS. 

(Vol.  vii.,  pp.  330.  393.) 

No  account  of  a  phenomenon  similar  to  that 
quoted  from  the  Memoirs  of  the  Manchester 
Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  having  hitherto 
been  supplied,  your  .correspondents  will  perhaps 
be  interested  in  the  passage  in  Ulloa's  Voyage, 
referred  to  by  J.  H.  M.,  translated  from  the 
Spanish  original : 

"  At  the  time  of  day-break,  the  hill  was  enveloped  in 
very  thick  clouds,  which  upou  the  rising  of  the  sun  were 
dispersed,  and  some  thin  vapours  only  remained  which 
the  eye  could  not  distinguish.  At  the  side  of  the  moun- 
tain opposite  to  that  from  which  the  sun  rose,  and  distant 
about  ten  toesas  [GO  feet]  from  the  spot  where  we  stood, 
there  was  to  be  seen  an  image  of  each  of  us  represented 
as  in  a  mirror,  with  three  concentric  rainbows,  the  head 
being  the  centre.  The  last  colours  of  one  rainbow  touched 
the  first  of  the  folio  whig;  and  exterior  to  all  these  rain- 
bows was  to  be  seen  a  fourth,  formed  of  one  single  white 
colour.  All  of  them  were  perpendicular  to  the  horizon ; 
and  as  any  one  moved  from  side  to  side,  the  phenomenon 
accompanied  him  in  the  same  disposition  and  in  the  same- 
order  ;  but  what  was  most  remarkable  in  this  appearance 
was  this,  that  being  six  or  seven  together,  each  of  us  saw 
the  phenomenon  in  himself,  not  in  the  others.  The  mag- 
nitude of  the  diameter  of  these  bows  varied  successively, 
in  proportion  as  the  sun  rose  above  the  horizon':  the 
colours  all  simultaneously  disappeared,  and  the  image  of 
the  body  by  degrees  becoming  imperceptible,  the  pheno- 
menon after  a  while  totally  vanished.  At  first  the  dia- 
meter of  the  interior  rainbow,  taken  from  the  last  colour 
which  belonged  to  it,  was  of  5^  degrees,  more  or  less ;  and 
the  diameter  of  the  white  exterior  circle,  at  some  distance 
from  the  others,  was  67  degrees.  When  the  phenomenon 
began,  the  rainbows  appeared  in  an  oval  or  elliptic  figure 
corresponding  to  the  disk  of  the  sun ;  then  it  perfected 
itself,  until  the  rainbows  were  all  perfectly  circular:  each 
of  the  smaller  arches  consisted  of  flesh  colour  or  red,  this 
faded  into  the  orange,  to  which  succeeded  the  yellow,  and 
this  afterwards  faded  into  straw-colour:  then  came  the 
green,  the  exterior  colour  to  all  being  red."  — •  Vol.  i. 
book  vi. 

"  In  peculiar  positions,  a  complete  circle  may  be  beheld, 
as  when  the  shower  is  on  a  mountain,  and  the  spectator 
in  a  valley  ;  or  when  viewed  from  the  top  of  a  lofty  pin- 
nacle, nearly  the  whole  circumference  may  be  embraced. 
Ulloa  and  Bouguer  describe  circular  rainbows,  frequently 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


229 


seen  on  the  mountains,  which  rise  above  the  table  lands 
of  Quito."— Milner's  Gallery  of  Nature,  p.  533. 

BlBLIOTHECAR.  CflETHAM. 


DEATH    AND    SLEEP. 

(Vol.  iv.,  p.  435. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  346.) 

The  following  passages,  illustrative  of  this  idea, 
may  prove  acceptable  : 

"  Idem  [Socrates]  dicere  solet,  mortem  esse  similem 
profundo  somno,  aut  diutinjc  peregrinationi.  Somnus 
profundior  adimit  omnem  sensum,  et  animus  a  corpore 
digressus,  aliquando  in  suum  domicilium  rediturus  est." — 
Anophthegmatu m  per  Erasmum  collectorum,  1551,  p.  183. 

"  Death  and  sleep  be  cosin-germannes." —  Quin.  Cur. ; 
Bauldwin  and  Palfrevman's  Morall  Philosophy,  London, 
1651,  p.  184. 

A  cursory  glance  at  the  "  Index  Verborum"  to  a 
copy  of  Quintus  Curtius  failed  to  discover  the  ori- 
ginal passage. 

"  As  madnesse  and  anger  differ  nothing  but  in  continu- 
ance and  length  of  time,  so  neither  doe  death  and  sleepe." 
—  Politeuphnia,  or  Wits  Common-  Wealth,  London,  1634, 
p.  735. 

"  Waking  we  burst,  at  each  return  of  morn, 
From  death's  dull  fetters,  and  again  are  born." 

And  also : 

"  Why  fear  ye  death,  the  parent  of  repose  ?  " 

quoted  in  Eland's  Proverbs  (Lond.,  1814,  p.  284.), 
from  Translations  from  the  Greek  Anthology. 

"  We  are  never  better  or  freer  from  cares  than  when  we 
sleep,  and  yet,  which  we  so  much  avoid  and  lament,  death 
is  but  a  perpetual  sleep." — Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melan- 
choly, London,  1849,  p.' 407. 

1  Lave  somewhere  read  that  Hesiod  reckons  it 
amongst  the  prerogatives  of  the  Golden  Age,  that 
men  died  in  the  arms  of  sleep.  Ovid  makes  no 
mention  of  this  happiness.  SIGMA  (Customs). 


Add  to  the  examples  already  quoted  the  follow- 
ing from  Racan,  the  oldest  of  the  minor  French 
poets : 

"  En  mon  sommeil,  aucune  fois  les  songes 
Trompent  mes  sens  par  de  si  doux  mensonges, 
Qu'ils  donnent  a  mes  maux  un  peu  de  reconfort. 
0  Dieux !  de  quel  remede  est  ma  douleur  suivie, 

De  ne  tenir  la  vie 
Que  des  seules  favours  dufrere  de  la  mart." 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 


VENERABLE  BEDE. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  139.) 

"  Accipe  tuum  calamum,  tempera,  et  scribe  velociter." 
"  Take  your  pen,  mend  it,  and  write  quicklv."  —  Lin- 
gard,  AngL-Sax. 

The  four  translations  alluded   to  by  RUPICAS- 
TREXSIS  you  may  give  to  the  winds  ;  the  homely 


translation  above  is  the  correct  one.  The  last 
words  of  the  dying  master  to  his  secretary  are 
sufficiently  clear  and  comprehensive. 

"  Tempera  "  governs  "  calamum  ;  "  to  say  it 
governs  "  atramentum "  because  Cicero  said 
"  atramento  temperato  "  is  incorrect. 

"  Not  to  put  too  fine  a  point  upon  it,"  as 
Charles  Dickens  says,  "  tempera "  means  mend 
your  "  pen  "  or  "  reed ; "  temper  it. 

The  quotation, 

"  Calamo,  et  atramento  temperato,  charta  etiam  dentata 
res  agetur," 

is  incorrectly  punctuated.  I  believe  there  are 
few  compositors  (and  those  gentlemen  punctuate 
more  correctly  than  authors)  who  would  place  a 
comma  between  a  noun  and  a  conjunction  con- 
junctive :  it  must  read,  "  Calamo  et  atramento," 
&c. 

RUPICASTRENSIS  will  forgive  these  minor  stric- 
tures by  one  who  is  merely  anxious  to  give  the 
true  reading  to  a  disputed  sentence.  It  is  curious 
to  observe  how  extensively  authors  have  been 
misinterpreted  and  misunderstood  by  their  com- 
mentators. The  exercise  of  a  little  common  sense 
in  these  matters  outweighs  the  evidences  of  the 
most  learned ;  and 

"  The  bookful  blockhead  ignorantly  read, 
With  loads  of  learned  lumber  in  his  head," 

oftentimes  arrives  at  conclusions  as  repugnant  to 
good  taste  as  they  are  to  common  sense. 

G.  M.  B. 

Mitcham,  Surrey. 

With  reference  to  the  article  headed  Venerable 
Bede,  in  Vol.  x.,  p.  139.,  an  illustration  of  the 
phrase  temperare  calamum  (rightly  Englished  by 
Linsjard,  to  mend  a  pen)  will  be  found  in  Dante 
(Inf.  xxiv.  6.)  : 

"  Quando  la  brina  in  su  la  terra  assempra 
L'  immagine  di  sua  sorella  bianca, 
Ma  poco  dura  alia  sua  penna  tempra." 

The  passage  describes  the  transient  resemblance 
of  hoar-frost  to  snow,  which,  however,  it  cannot 
long  maintain  from  its  rapid  melting ;  and  the 
hoar-frost  is,  by  a  singular  metaphor,  compared  to 
a  writer,  the  point  or  temper  (temprd)  of  whose 
pen  will  not  last,  so  that  he  is  unable  to  continue 
his  work  of  copying.  W.  F.  P. 


Of  the  three  translators  who  have  noticed  the 
important  word  tempera,  not  one  approaches  the 
truth,  in  my  very  humble  opinion.  Lingard's  ap- 
pears very  absurd  ;  for  it  is  not  probable  that  the 
saint,  when  on  the  verge  of  eternity,  would  notice 
the  trifling  particular  of  mending  a  reed  or  pen. 
As  to  the  two  others,  they  are  beneath  comment. 
However,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stevenson's  version  is 
worthy  of  attention  :  "  Take  your  pen,  and  be  at- 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


tentive"  &c.  But  even  this  seems,  meo  quidem 
judicio,  to  fall  far  short  of  the  meaning  of  the 
text.  Tempera  is  employed  absolutely  for  tem- 
pera animum,  or  tempera  tibi,  i.  e.  moderate  your 
feelings,  restrain  yourself,  be  calm  :  three  dis- 
tinct actions  in  three  distinct  members,  viz.  "Take 
thy  pen,  and  be  composed,  and  write  hastily." 

C.  H.  (1) 

Surely  there  must  be  a  misprint  (twice  over)  in 
the  communication  of  your  correspondent  Ru- 
PICASTRENSIS,  unless,  indeed,  he  uses  a  language 
peculiar  to  himself,  in  which  case  he  should  have 
explained  his  meaning,  otherwise  to  the  uninitiated 
he  seems  to  be  poking  fun  at  us  with  his  "  quill," 
when  he  gravely  proposes  as  an  emendation, 
"  Take  thy  pen  and  write  quill"  J.  EASTWOOD. 
Cambridge. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

SPECIFICATION  of  the  Calotype  Photographic  Process,  in- 
vented by  H.  F.  TALBOT,  ESQ.,  as  enrolled  in  the  Year 
1841. 

"  The  first  part  of  my  invention  is  a  method  of  making 
paper  extremely  sensitive  to  the  rays  of  light.  For  this 
purpose  I  select  the  best  writing-paper,  having  a  smooth 
surface,  and  a  close  and  even  texture. 

"  First  Part  of  the  Preparation  of  the  Paper.  —  I  dis- 
solve one  hundred  grains  of  crystallised  nitrate  of  silver 
in  six  ounces  of  distilled  water.  I  wash  one  side  of  the 
paper  with  tliis  solution  with  a  soft  camel-hair  brush,  and 
place  a  mark  upon  that  side  by  which  to  know  it  again. 
I  dry  the  paper  cautiously  at  a  distant  fire,  or  else  I  leave 
it  to  dry  spontaneously  in  a  dark  place.  Next  I  dip  the 
paper  in  a  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium,  containing  five 
hundred  grams  of  that  salt  dissolved  in  one  pint  of  water. 
I  leave  the  paper  a  minute  or  two  in  this  solution.  I  then 
take  it  out  and  dip  it  in  water.  I  then  dry  it  lightly  with 
blotting-paper,  and  finish  drying  it  at  a  fire,  or  else  I 
leave  it  to  dry  spontaneously.  All  this  process  is  best 
done  in  the  evening  by  candlelight.  The  paper  thus  far 
prepared  may  be  called  for  the  sake  of  distinction  iodized 
paper.  This  iodized  paper  is  scarcely  sensitive  to  light, 
but  nevertheless  it  should  be  kept  in  a  portfolio,  or  some 
dark  place,  till  wanted  for  use.  It  does  not  spoil  by  keep- 
ing any  length  of  time,  provided  it  is  kept  in  a  portfolio, 
and  not  exposed  to  the  light. 

"  Second  Part  of  the  Preparation  of  the  Paper.  —  This 
second  part  is  best  deferred  until  the  paper  is  wanted  for 
use.  When  that  time  is  arrived,  I  take  a  sheet  of  the 
iodized  paper  and  wash  it  with  a  liquid  prepared  in  the 
following  manner :  dissolve  one  hundred  grains  of  crys- 
tallised, nitrate  of  silver  in  two  ounces  of  distilled  water ; 
to  this  solution  add  one-sixth  of  its  volume  of  strong 
acetic  acid ;  let  this  mixture  be  called  A.  Dissolve  crys- 
tallised gallic  acid  in  distilled  water  as  much  as  it  will 
dissolve  (which  is  a  very  small  quantity) :  let  this  so- 
lution be  called  B.  When  you  wish  to  prepare  a  sheet  of 
paper  for  use,  mix  together  the  liquids  A  and  B  in  equal 
volumes ;  this  mixture  I  shall  call  by  the  name  of  gallo- 
nitrate  of  silver.  Let  no  more  be  mixed  than  is  intended 
to  be  used  at  one  time,  because  the  mixture  will  not  keep 
good  for  a  long  period.  Then  take  a  sheet  of  iodized 
paper  and  wash  it  over  with  this  gallo-nitrate  of  silver 
with  a  soft  camel-hair  brush,  taking  care  to  wash  it  on 


the  side  which  has  been  previously  marked.  This  opera- 
tion should  be  performed  by  candlelight.  Let  the  paper 
rest  half  a  minute,  and  then  dip  it  into  water,  then  dry  it 
lightly  with  blotting-paper;  and  lastly,  dry  it  cautiously 
at  a  fire,  holding  it  at  a  considerable  distance  therefrom. 
When  dry,_the  paper  is  fit  for  use,  but  it  is  advisable  to 
use  it  within  a  few  hours  after  its  preparation.  (Note.  — 
That  if  it  be  used  immediately  the  last  drying  may  be 
dispensed  with,  and  the  paper  may  be  used  moist.) 
(Note  the  second.  —  Instead  of  using  a  solution  of  gallic 
acid  for  the  liquid  B,  the  tincture  of  galls  diluted  with 
water  may  be  used,  but  it  is  not  so  advisable.) 

"  Use  of  the  Paper.  —  The  paper  thus  prepared,  and 
which  I  name  '  calotype  paper,'  is  placed  in  a  camera  ob- 
scura,  so  as  to  receive  the  image  formed  in  the  focus  of 
the  lens :  of  course  the  paper  must  be  screened  or  de- 
fended from  the  light  during  the  time  it  is  being  put  into 
the  camera.  When  the  camera  is  properly  pointed  at  the 
object  this  screen  is  withdrawn,  or  a  pair  of  internal 
folding  doors  are  opened,  so  as  to  expose  the  paper  for  the 
reception  of  the  image.  If  the  object  is  very  bright,  or 
the  time  employed  is  sufficiently  long,  a  sensible  image  is 
perceived  upon  the  paper  when  it  is  withdrawn  from  the 
camera ;  but  when  the  time  is  short,  or  the  objects  dim, 
no  image  whatever  is  visible  upon  the  paper,  which 
appears  entirely  blank ;  nevertheless  it  is  impressed  with 
an  invisible  image,  and  I  have  discovered  the  means  of 
causing  this  image  to  become  visible.  This  is  performed 
as  follows :  I  take  some  gallo-nitrate  of  silver  prepared  in 
the  manner  before  directed,  and  with  this  liquid  I  wash 
the  paper  all  over  with  a  soft  camel-hair  brush,  I  then 
hold  it  before  a  gentle  fire,  and  in  a  short  time  (varying 
from  a  few  seconds  to  a  minute  or  two)  the  image  begins 
to  appear  upon  the  paper.  Those  parts  of  the  paper  upon 
which  the  light  has  acted  the  most  strongly,  become 
brown  or  black,  while  those  parts  on  which  the  light  has 
not  acted,  remain  white.  The  image  continues  to 
strengthen,  and  grow  more  and  more  visible  during  some 
time.  When  it  appears  strong  enough  the  operation 
should  be  terminated,  and  the  picture  fixed. 

"  The  Fixing  Process. — In  order  to  fix  the  picture  thus 
obtained,  I  first  dip  it  into  water ;  I  then  partly  dry  it 
with  blotting-paper,  and  then  wash  it  with  a  solution  of 
bromide  of  potassium,  containing  one  hundred  grains  of 
that  salt  dissolved  in  eight  or  ten  ounces  of  water ;  the 
picture  is  then  washed  with  water,  and  then  finally  dried. 
Instead  of  bromide  of  potassium,  a  strong  solution  of 
common  salt  may  be  used,  but  it  is  less  advisable.  The 
picture  thus  obtained  will  have  its  lights  and  shades 
reversed  with  respect  to  the  natural  objects,  videlicet,  the 
lights  of  the  objects  are  represented  by  shades,  and  vice 
versa.  But  it  is  easy  from  this  picture  to  obtain  another, 
which  shall  be  conformable  to  nature,  videlicet,  in  which 
the  lights  shall  be  represented  by  lights,  and  the  shades 
by  shades.  It  is  only  necessary  for  this  purpose  to  take 
a  second  sheet  of  sensitive  calotype  paper,  and  place  it  in 
close  contact  with  the  first  upon  which  the  picture  has 
been  formed,  a  board  is  put  beneath  them,  and  a  sheet  of 
glass  above,  and  the  whole  is  pressed  into  close  contact 
by  screws ;  being  then  placed  in  sunshine  or  daylight  for 
a  short  time,  an  image  or  copy  is  formed  upon  the  second 
sheet  of  paper:  this  image  or  copy  is  often  invisible  at 
first,  but  the  image  may  be  made  to  appear  in  the  same 
way  that  has  been  already  stated.  But  I  do  not  recom- 
mend that  the  copy  should  be  taken  on  calotype  paper; 
on  the  contrary,  I  would  advise  that  it  should  be  taken 
on  common  photographic  paper.  This  paper  is  made  by 
washing  good  writing-paper,  first  with  a  weak  solution  of 
common  salt,  and  next  with  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver. 
Since  it  is  well  known,  having  been  freely  communicated 
to  the  public  by  myself  in  the  year  1839,  and  that  it 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


231 


forms  no  part  of  the  present  invention,  I  need  not  describe 
it  here  more  particularly.  Although  it  takes  a  much 
longer  time  to  obtain  a  copy  upon  this  paper  than  upon 
calotype  paper,  yet  the  tints  of  the  copy  are  generally 
more  harmonious  and  agreeable.  On  whatever  paper  the 
copy  is  taken,  it  should  be  fixed  in  the  way  already  de- 
scribed. After  a  calotype  picture  has  furnished  a  "good 
many  copies  it  sometimes  grows  faint,  and  the  subsequent 
copies  are  inferior.  This  may  be  prevented  by  means  ol 
a  process  which  revives  the  strength  of  the  calotype  pic- 
tures. In  order  to  do  this,  it  is  only  necessary  to  wash 
them  by  candlelight  with  gallo-nitrate  of  silver,  and  then 
warm  them.  This  causes  all  the  shades  of  the  picture  to 
darken  considerably,  while  the  white  parts  are  unaffected. 
After  this  the  picture  is  of  course  to  be  fixed  a  second 
time.  The  picture  will  then  yield  a  second  series  of 
copies,  and  a  great  number  of  them  may  frequently  be 
made.  (Note.  —  In  the  same  way  in  which  I  have  just 
explained,  that  a  faded  calotype  picture  may  be  revived 
and  restored,  it  is  possible  to  strengthen  and  revive  pho- 
tographs which  have  been  made  on  other  descriptions  of 
sensitive  photographic  paper;  but  these  are  inferior  in 
beauty,  and  moreover  the  result  is  less  to  be  depended 
upon ;  I  therefore  do  not  recommend  them.) 

"  The  next  part  of  my  invention  consists  of  a  mode  of 
obtaining  positive  photographic  pictures,  that  is  to  say, 
photographs  in  which  the  lights  of  the  object  are  repre- 
sented by  lights,  and  the  shades  by  shades.  I  have 
already  described  how  this  may  be  done  by  a  double  pro- 
cess ;  but  I  shall  now  describe"  the  means  of  doing  it  by 
a  single  process.  I  take  a  sheet  of  sensitive  calotype 
paper  and  expose  it  to  daylight,  until  I  perceive  a  slight 
but  visible  discoloration  or  browning  of  its  surface ;  this 
generally  occurs  in  a  few  seconds.  I  then  dip  the  paper 
into  a  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium  of  the  same  strength 
as  before,  videlicet,  five  hundred  grains  to  one  pint  of 
water.  This  immersion  apparently  removes  the  visible 
impressions  caused  by  the  light,  nevertheless  it  does  not 
really  remove  it,  for  if  the  paper  were  to  be  now  washed 
with  gallo-nitrate  of  silver-it  would  speedily  blacken  all 
°.ven  . The  PaPer  when  taken  out  of  the  iodide  of  potas- 
sium is  dipped  in  water,  and  then  slightly  dried  with 
blotting-paper ;  it  is  then  placed  in  the  focus  of  a  camera 
obscura,  which  is  pointed  at  an  object ;  after  five  or  ten 
minutes  the  paper  is  withdrawn  and  washed  with  gallo- 
nitrate  of  silver,  and  warmed  as  before  directed  :  an 
image  will  then  appear  of  a  positive  kind,  namely,  repre- 
senting the  lights  of  the  object  by  lights,  and  the  shades 
by  shades.  Engravings  may  be  very  well  copied  in  the 
same  way,  and  positive  copies  of  them  obtained  at  once 
(reversed  however  from  right  to  left).  For  this  purpose 
a  sheet  of  calotype  paper  is  taken  and  held  in  daylight  to 
darken  it  as  before  mentioned ;  but  for  the  present  pur- 
pose it  should  be  more  darkened  than  if  it  were  intended 
to  be  used  in  the  camera  obscura.  The  rest  of  the  pro- 
cess is  the  same.  The  engravings  and  the  sensitive  paper 
should  be  pressed  into  close  contact,  with  screws  or 
otherwise,  and  placed  in  the  sunshine,  which  generally 
effects  the  copy  in  a  minute  or  two.  This  copy,  if  it  is 
not  sufficiently  distinct,  must  be  rendered  visible  or 
strengthened  with  the  gallo-nitrate  of  silver  as  before 
described.  I  am  aware  that  the  use  of  iodide  of  potas- 
sium for  obtaining  positive  photographs  has  been  recom- 
mended by  others,  and  I  do  not  claim  it  here  by  itself  as 
a  new  invention,  but  only  when  used  in  conjunction  with 
the  gallo-nitrate  of  silver,  or  when  the  pictures  obtained 
are  rendered  visible  or  strengthened,  subsequently  to  their 
first  formation.  In  order  to  take  portraits  from  the  life, 
I  prefer  to  use  for  the  object-glass  of  the  camera  a  lens 
whose  focal  length  is  only  three  or  four  times  greater 
than  the  diameter  of  the  aperture.  The  person  whose 


portrait  is  to  be  taken  should  be  so  placed  that  the  head 
may  be  as  steady  as  possible,  and  the  camera  being  then 
pointed  at  it,  an  image  is  received  on  the  sensitive  calo- 
type paper.  I  prefer  to  conduct  the  process  in  the  open 
air,  under  a  serene  sky ;  but  without  sunshine,  the  image 
is  generally  obtained  in  half  a  minute  or  a  minute.  If 
sunshine  is  employed,  a  sheet  of  blue  glass  should  be  used 
as  a  screen  to  defend  the  eyes  from  too  much  glare,  be- 
cause this  glass  does  not  materially  weaken  the  power  of 
the  chemical  rays  to  affect  the  paper.  The  portrait  thus 
obtained  on  the  calotype  paper  is  a  negative  one,  and 
from  this  a  positive  copy  may  be  obtained  in  the  way 
already  described.  I  claim,  first,  the  employing  gallic  acid 
or  tincture  of  galls,  in  conjunction  with  a  solution  of 
silver,  to  render  paper  which  has  received  a  previous  pre- 
paration more  sensitive  to  the  action  of  light.  Secondly, 
the  making  visible  photographic  images  upon  paper,  and 
the  strengthening  such  images  when  already  faintly  or 
imperfectly  visible  by  washing  them  with  liquids  which 
act  upon  those  parts  of  the  paper  which  have  been  pre- 
viously acted  upon  by  light.  Thirdly,  the  obtaining 
portraits  from  the  life  by  photographic  means  upon  paper. 
Fourthly,  the  employing  bromide  of  potassium,  or  some 
other  soluble  bromide,  for  fixing  the  images  obtained." 


to  fHinar 

Warren  of  Poynton — Waringe  (Vol.  x.,  p.  66.)- 
— The  second  son  of  Sir  Edward  Warren,  by  his 
third  wife  Susan,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Booth, 
was  named  Edward.  He  married  Susan,  daughter 
of  Nathan  Lane  of  London.  Whether  he  was 
ever  Dean  of  St.  Canice  does  not  appear,  but  he 
is  the  only  person  mentioned  in  the  pedigree  of 
the  Warrens  of  Pointon  who  could  have  held  such 
an  appointment.  GEIFFEN. 

I.  The  pedigree  of  this  house  will  be  found  in 
Watson's  Earls  of  Warren,  vol.  ii.  pp.  74 — 183. ; 
in   Ormerod's    Cheshire,    vol.  iii.  pp.  340 — 344. ; 
and  in  the  Cheshire  Visitations  of  1580  and  1633. 
A  MS.  collection  relative  to  the  connexion  of  the 
Warrens  of  Poynton,  and  those  of  Thorpe  Arnold 
(compiled  on  behalf  of  Sir  J.  B.  Warren)  was 
shown  to  me  at  the  Heralds'  College,  in  or  about 
1839. 

II.  I  am  not  aware  of  the  Dean  of  St.  Canice's 
connexion. 

III.  The   Warrens,    formerly   of   Chidlow    in 
Cheshire  (illegitimate  descendants  from  the  sixth 
earl),   will   be   found   in   Hist.  Cheshire,   vol.  ii. 
p.  365. ;  Watson,  vol.  i.  p.  215. 

May  I  ask,  in  return,  information  as  to  the 
question  founded  on  the  following  facts  ? 

It  is  clear  that  several  families  of  the  name  of 
Waringe  descend  from  the  Poynton  Warrens, 
though  Blakeway  (Sheriff's  of  Shropshire,  p.  131.) 
refers  the  Waringes  of  that  county  to  the  house  of 
Fitz-Warin.  For  instance,  the  Coventry  Ware- 
ings  are  so  deduced  in  Harl.  MS.  1167.  Again, 
although  Watson  (vol.  ii.  p.  118.)  charges  Tho- 
roton  with  mistake,  in  saying  that  the  Thorpe- 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


Arnold  Warrens  used  the  orthography  of  Waringe, 
Watson  himself  is  in  error,  as  shown  by  the  col- 
lections above  mentioned,  and  Records  at  the 
Bolls  of  25,  31,  38  Eliz.  I  find  also,  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Lancashire  manor  of  Woodplumpton 
(which  the  Warrens  inherited  with  Poynton  from 
the  Stokeports)  many  substantial  families  bearing 
the  name  of  Wareing,  or  Waringe,  in  the  time  of 
Henry  VIII.  and  afterwards  ;  and  believe  them 
to  be,  in  some  way  or  other,  descendants  from  the 
owners  of  Poynton  and  Woodplumpton.  But,  on 
referring  to  Burke's  Landed  Gentry  (vol.  ii. 
p.  1152.),  I  find  mention  of  an  alleged  line  of 
Lancashire  Warings,  of  whom  elsewhere  I  find  no 
trace.  It  is  there  averred,  that  the  Warings  of 
Waringstown  are  a  branch  of  the  ancient  family 
of  Waring  of  Lancashire,  whose  patriarch,  Miles 
de  Guarin,  came  to  England  with  the  Conqueror. 
A  passage  follows  which  clearly  turns  on  some 
casual  error  ;  but,  with  respect  to  the  above  state- 
ment, I  should  be  obliged  by  any  elucidation,  as 
such  compatriots  have  hitherto  escaped  my  re- 
searches. LANCASTRIENSIS. 

Distances  at  which  Sounds  have  been  heard 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  561.).  —  An  acoustic  phenomenon 
similar  to  that  recorded  by  the  llev.  H.  S.  Salvin, 
is  alluded  to  by  Southey  in  his  Omniana  : 

"  It  is  said  that  the  firing  at  the  sieges  of  Rosas  and 
Gerona,  in  the  Succession  War,  was  heard  distinctly  at 
Rieux  in  Languedoc,  a  town  built  where  the  little  river 
Rise  falls  into  the  Garonne,  forty-five  French  leagues 
from  the  nearest  of  those  fortresses^  in  a  straight  line,  and 
with  the  Pyrenees  between.  '  But  (says  the  editor  of  the 
Journal  de  Hambourg),  though  these  mountains  might  be 
considered  as  an  obstacle,  the  curious  of  that  country 
conjecture  that  the  sound  of  the  cannon  acquired  a  new 
force  when  it  was  confined  between  the  openings  of  the 
mountains  ;  and  that  the  valleys  through  which  the  Rise 
runs  were  better  adapted  than  the  others  to  preserve  this 
sound,  which  was  not  heard  either  at  Foix  or  at  Pamiers  ; 
although  those  towns  are  less  distant  from  Catalonia,  and 
more  towards  the  openings  of  the  Pyrenees.'  "  —  Omniana, 
vol.  ii.  p.  236. 

Illustrations  of  the  propagation  of  sounds  will, 
of  course,  be  met  with  in  all  treatises  on  the  phy- 
sical sciences.  I  may,  however,  record  the  follow- 
ing remarkable  instance,  which  I  transcribe  from 
a  MS.  note  by  some  former  possessor  of  my  copy 
of  that  interesting  work,  A  Gazetteer  of  the  most 
remarkable  Places  in  the  World,  tfc.,  by  Thomas 
Bourn,  8vo.  :  London,  1822  : 


the  most  awful  volcanic  eruptions  recorded  in 
history,  took  place  in  the  mountain  of  Tomborow  on  this 
island  (Sumbawa),  in  the  year  1815.  It  begin  on  April  5, 
and  reached  its  acme  on  the  12th,  and  did  not  entirely 
cease  till  July.  The  sound  of  its  explosion  was  heard  at 
Sumatra,  a  distance  of  900  miles;  and  at  Ternate  in 
another  direction,  more  than  700  miles  off.  Of  12,000 
persons,  living  in  the  island  previous  to  the  eruption, 
only  twenty-five  survived  the  catastrophe.  The  explo- 
sion was  accompanied  by  hurricanes,  which  whirled  into 
the  air  men,  horses,  and  other  animals:  uprooting  the 
largest  trees.  The  ashes  emitted  from  'the  crater'  were 


carried  300  miles,  in  such  quantities  as  to  darken  the  air. 
The  area  over  which  these  noises,  and  other  indirect 
effects  of  this  convulsion,  were  perceivable,  was  1000 
English  miles  in  circumference." 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

The  report  of  guns  fired  at  Portsmouth  is  fre- 
quently heard  in  this  neighbourhood.  The  dis- 
tance, .as  the  crow  flies,  is  about  forty-five  miles. 

JOHN  P.  STILWELL. 

Dorking. 

Bishop  of  Oxford  on  Nationalihj  and  Patriotism 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  11.).  —  Having  had  the  pleasure  of 
hearing  the  whole  of  the  "  Address,"  of  which  the 
following  is  a  small  portion,  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute  at  Winchester  in  1845,  I 
now  copy  out  this  extract  from  the  annual  volume 
of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Institute,  and  trust  you 
will  aid  in  circulating  far  and  wide  such  true, 
ever  seasonable,  and  most  eloquent  sentiments. 

"  This  linking  of  the  present  to  the  past  is  full  of  great 
and  important  practical  results.  Upon  them  in  a  great 
measure  depends  that  strong  bond  of  loyal  patriotism 
which  makes  a  nation  differ  from  a  tribe,  and  hence  it  is 
that  in  great  and  noble  nations  this  claim  of  the  present 
or  the  past  has  ever  been  most  jealously  advanced.  This 
was  the  secret  of  the  passionate  affection  for  the  songs  of 
Homer  which  possessed  the  soul  of  Ancient  Greece ;  this 
is  why  so  many  a  German  heart  has  turned  with  such  a 
loving  eagerness  to  the  ancient  Niebelungen  Lied ;  this 
it  is  which  makes  the  ancient  title,  and  the  long  trans- 
mitted motto,  so  precious  in  our  eyes.  This  sends  at  his 
earliest  visit  to  the  old  country,  the  fierce  republican 
citizen  of  young  America  to  the  Heralds'  College,  to  dis- 
cover amongst  its  records  some  traces  of  his  earlier  blood. 
Every  man  in  this  our  land  feels  that  he  is  born  a  Briton, 
that  all  the  early  deeds  of  out  fathers'  greatness  are  his 
birth  inheritance ;  even  though  he  knows  not  all  the  se- 
parate parts  of  the  story  of  the  olden  time,  its  spell  is  on 
him,  its  spirit  stirs  within  him ;  he  sees  the  halo  and  the 
glory,  though  he  cannot  mark  the  burning  outline  of  the 
full-orbed  sun.  With  him  the  past  is  present  as  an  in- 
stinct, because  it  abides  with  others  as  a  history.  And 
this  sense  of  high  national  descent  is  of  the  utmost  prac- 
tical importance.  It  excites  all  to  venture  upon  noble 
deeds,  it  will  not  endure  the  entrance  of  poltroonery  or 
baseness.  .  .  .  The  record  of  the  past  is  the  bond  of 
the  present  —  one  language,  one  faith,  one  history,  one 
ancient  birth-place,  one  common,  unsearched,  mysterious 
original  —  these  are  the  strong  sinews  which  hold  toge- 
ther in  a  living  unity  the  many  separate  articulations 
jointed  to  each  other  to  form  a  people  and  a  nation.  And 
in  such  an  age  as  this,  any  pursuit  which  tends  to 
strengthen  these  ties,  cannot  surely  be  without  its  prac- 
tical importance.  But  there  is  more  than  a  security  for 
love  of  country  in  this  living  on  of  the  past  into  the 
present ;  for  without  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  past, 
all  attempts  to  improve  and  raise  the  present  must  be,  to 
a  great  degree,  shallow  and  empirical,"  &c. —  Address  of 
the  Dean  of  Westminster  (now  Bishop  of  Oxford)  at  the 
General  Meeting  of  the  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  at  Winchester,  September,  1845. 

J.  MACRAY. 

Oxford. 

Burning  a  Tooth  ivith  Salt  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  345.). 
—  About  forty  years  ago  it  was  a  very  common 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


233 


practice  among  the  respectable  middle  ranks  in 
this  part  of  the  west  of  Scotland,  when  a  person 
had  a  tooth  extracted  for  toothache  to  wrap  it  up 
carefully  in  a  piece  of  paper,  carry  it  home,  and 
after  examining  its  infirmities,  along  with  a  large 
pinch  of  salt  to  throw  it  into  the  fire.  I  have  seen 
this  done,  and  think  the  general  idea  which  then 
prevailed  was,  that  after  this  ceremony  the  person 
would  never  again  be  troubled  with  toothache, 
and  it  may  have  acted  upon  the  imagination  in  the 
light  of  a  charm  as  much  as  such  could  be  expected 
to  perform.  The  practice  may  have  had  a  remote 
superstitious  or  religious  origin,  as  in  so  many 
other  cases  where  salt  was  concerned  in  expelling 
devils  and  diseases;  but  I  must  leave  learned 
readers  to  trace  the  connexion  farther,  adding 
only  a  short  extract,  which  in  its  own  degree  may 
once  have  influenced  the  popular  belief,  from  Bene- 
dictio  Salis. 

"  Benofcdic  hanc  creaturam  sails  ad  effugadum  inimi- 
cum,  et  ei  salubrem  medicinain  immitte,  vi  proficial 
sumentibus  ad  animae  et  corporis  sanitatem."  —  Manvcde 
Exarcismorum,  Antverpiffi,  1619,  p.  299. 

G.  N. 

Your  two  surgical  correspondents  are  referred 
to  Mr.  Sternberg's  Dialect  and  Folk-lore  of  Nor- 
thamptonshire, p.  166.,  where  the  custom  is  noticed 
and  illustrated  by  a  curious  quotation  from  Sir 
Kenelm  Digby.  The  idea  that  salt  has  the  power 
of  resisting  or  counteracting  the  injurious  tenden- 
cies of  sympathetic  influence  is  very  ancient. 

BAKET. 


Recovery  after  Execution  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  174.  180. 
453.).  —  In  Notes  and  Narratives  of  a  Six  Fears' 
Mission,  principally  among  the  Dens  of  London, 
by  11.  W.  Vanderkiste,  p.  7.,  is  the  following  : 

"A  woman  also  lived  close  by  who  was  hung  at  New- 
gate, but  lived  for  many  years  afterwards.  She  kept 
harbours  for  thieves  and  other  bad  characters  for  nearly 
twenty  years  subsequently.  This  person  was  condemned 
to  death  for  passing  forged  II.  notes,  and  by  some  means 
managed  to  introduce  a  silver  tube  into  the  gullet.  Prison 
regulations  were  at  that  period  very  lax.  As  many  as 
ten  and  even  more  persons  would  be  executed  at  New- 
gate at  once,  and  the  care  which  is  now  exercised  was 
not  taken  then.  She  was  delivered  to  her  friends  for  burial 
immediately  after  the  execution,  and  hurried  home,  where, 
after  considerable  difficulty,  she  was  restored  to  life." 

A  SUBSCRIBER. 

With  reference  to  a  recent  Query  as  to  au- 
thentic records  of  persons  supposed  to  have  been 
hanged  returning  to  life,  some  of  your  Edinburgh 
readers  can  most  certainly  furnish  you  with  the 
details  of  the  recovery  of  a  woman  hanged  there 
about  forty  years  since,  but  who  was  resuscitated 
by  the  jolting  of  the  cart  in  which  her  body  was 
being  conveyed  to  Musselburgh  for  interment  by 
her  friends.  S.  R.  G. 

In  reply  to  I.  H.  A.,  who  states  that  a  person  of 
great  accuracy  and  respectability  informed  him 


that  he  had  seen  and  recognised  Fauntleroy  in 
Paris,  after  the  supposed  execution  of  that  cri- 
minal, I  beg  to  state  that  I  lately  made  inquiries 
of  an  esteemed  friend,  Thomas  Herring,  Esq.,  of 
Weybridge  Heath,  who  assured  me  that  he  knew 
Fauntleroy  well  when  alive,  that  he  witnessed 
Fauntleroy's  execution,  at  the  Old  Bailey  on  No- 
vember 30,  1824,  and  I  think  that  Mr.  Herring 
added  that  he  saw  the  dead  body  after  the  exe- 
cution. Mr.  Herring  positively  asserted  that  he 
saw  Fauntleroy  "hanged  by  the  neck  until  he  was 
dead,"  and  that  there  could  have  been  no  mistake 
in  the  matter.  G.  L.  S. 

Persons  buried  alive:  Persons  recovered  after 
hanging.  — 

"  There  have  been  examples  of  some  buried  in  the  earth 
which,  notwithstanding,  have  lived  again,  which  hath 
been  found  in  those  that  were  buried  by  the  bruising  and 
wounding  of  their  head  through  the  struggling  of  the 
body  within  the  coffin ;  as  of  Joannes  Scotus,  called  the 
Subtle,  and  a  Schoolman,  who,  being  digged  up  again  by 
his  servant,  was  found  in  that  state ;  and  the  like  hap- 
pened in  our  days,  in  the  person  of  a  player  buried  at 
Cambridge.  I  have  heard  also  of  a  physician  yet  living, 
who  recovered  a  man  to  life  which  had  hanged  half  an 
hour,  by  friction  and  hot-bath."  —  -Bacon's  Instauratio, 
Part  in. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

P.S.  —  In  the  same  work  Bacon  mentions  some 
remarkable  instances  of  longevity,  as  in  the  case 
of  John  de  Temporibus,  the  Countess  of  Desmond, 
and  some  Brazilians. 

Morgan  CfDoherty  (Vol.  x.,  pp.96.  150.).— 
The  memoir  of  Maginn,  in  the  Dublin  University 
Magazine  for  January,  1S44,  contains  a  tolerably 
extensive  list  of  the  doctor's  contributions  to 
Blackwood,  inserted  principally  upon  the  authority 
and  from  the  memoranda  of  Dr.  Moir,  the  A  of 
Blackwood.  The  cantos  of  "  Daniel  O'Rourke  " 
there  attributed  to  Maginn,  were  written  by  Mr. 
Samuel  Gosnell  of  Cork.  The  author  of  the  me- 
moir (Mr.  Kenealy  ?)  mentions  that  he  is  in  pos- 
session of  a  complete  list  of  Maginn's  contributions 
to  Frasers  Magazine,  which  I  very  much  wish  he 
would  publish. 

A  collection  of  Maginn's  magazine  articles  was 
announced  for  publication  in  America  a  lew  months 
ago ;  has  it  appeared  ?  J-  M.  B. 

Burial  in  unconsecrated  Places  (Vo\.\m.  passim}. 
—  To  the  instances  already  cited  in  the  pages  of 
"N.  &  Q.  "  the  following  may  be  added: 

"  Robert  Hutton,  of  Houghton  le  Spring,  in  the  county 
of  Durham,  who  was  a  captain  in  Cromwell's  army,  and 
retained  after  the  restoration  his  attachment  to  the  puri- 
tans, died  in  1G80,  and  was  buried  in  his  own  orchard, 
where  an  altar  tomb  still  records  his  name.  There  is  a 
tradition,  that  on  the  death  of  a  favourite  charger  he 
sought  the  rector's  permission  to  inter  the  animal  in  the 
churchyard  near  his  own  intended  place  of  rest,  and  that 


234 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


being  refused,  he  buried  the  horse  in  his  orchard,  and  de- 
termined that  when  called  to  the  sleep  that  knows  no 
waking,  he  would  repose  near  the  remains  of  his  faithful 
servant."  —  Gibson's  Sketches  of  Northumbrian  Castles  and 
Churches,  p.  117. 

"  George  Horsley,  of  Milburn  Grange,  in  the  county  of 
Northumberland,  by  his  will,  dated  August  17,  1684,  left 
his  body  to  be  buried  in  his  orchard  there ;  and  an  altar 
tombstone  in  it  still  marks  the  site  of  his  .grave." — 
Hodgson's  Northumberland,  voL  ii.  part  ii.  p.  443. 

April  27,  1819,  the  remains  of  Mr.  John 
Mitchell,  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  editor  of  the 
Tyne  Mercury,  were  interred  at  the  foot  of  the 
garden  of  his  residence.  The  local  papers  state 
that  "  the  funeral  service  was  read  in  the  most 
impressive  manner  from  the  reformed  liturgy  of 
Dr.  Lindsey,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Turner  of  Hanover 
Square  chapel,  who  also  delivered  an  address 
suited  to  the  occasion."  E.  H.  A. 

The  "  Old  Week's  Preparation"  (Vol.  x., 
p.  46.).  —  As  the  name  of  the  author  of  the  Old 
Week's  Preparation  still  is  unknown,  perhaps  the 
titles  of  the  following  four  religious  works,  which 
were  also  the  productions  of  his  pen,  and  were 
published  by  S.  Keble,  may  assist  some  of  your 
readers  in  discovering  him  : 

1.  "  The  Church  of  England's  Man's  Private  Devotions, 
being  a  collection  of  Prayers  out  of  the  Common  Prayer- 
Book  for  Morning,  Noon,  and  Evening,  and  other  oc- 
casions ;  together  with  the  Holy  Feasts  and  Fasts  as  they 
are  observed  in  the  Church  of  England,  explained :  and 
Reasons  why  they  are  yearly  celebrated." 

2.  "  Preparations  to  a  Holy  Life,  or  Devotions  for  Fa- 
milies and  Private  Persons,  with  Devotions  suited  to  most 
particular  cases :  also  Meditations,  Prayers,  and  Rules  for 
the  more  pious  observing  the  Holy  Time  of  Lent." 

3.  "  A  Collection  of  Miscellanies  upon  several  Subjects, 
Divine  and  Moral." 

4.  "  The  Holy  or  Passion  Week  before  Easter ;  in  Me- 
ditations, Ejaculations,  and  Prayers,  upon  the  last  Suffer- 
ings of  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ." 

I  should  be  glad  to  receive  information  as  to 
the  sources  from  whence  the  Old  Week's  Prepara- 
tion was  compiled.  WILLIAM  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

The  Whityngton  Stone  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  397.  501.). — 
A  humble  stone  monument  has  been  recently 
erected  by  direction  of  the  parochial  authorities 
of  the  parish  of  Islington,  at  Highgate  Hill,  which 
is  in  that  parish,  where  the  celebrated  Whityngton 
(thrice  Lord  Mayor  of  London)  stopped,  as  the 
legend  states,  when  he  heard  the  sound  of  Bow 
bells,  which  he  imagined  prophesied  his  obtaining 
the  dignity  of  Lord  Mayor  of  London.  For  many 
years  a  large  stone  occupied  the  site,  which  had 
an  inscription  on  one  side  of  it,  and  which  gave  a 
brief  record  of  his  life,  but  which  time  had  nearly 
obliterated.  This  was  removed,  and  there  were 
fears  that  there  would  be  no  monument  to  per- 
petuate the  memory  of  the  event.  A  plain  stone 
about  two  feet  high  is  now  erected  there,  which 


has  chiselled  on  it  the  following  brief  history  of 
his  life : 

"  Whityngton  Stone.  Sir  R.  Whityngton,  thrice  Lord 
Mayor  of  London.  1397,  Richard  II.  1406,  Henrv  IV. 
1420,  Henry  V.  Sheriff,  1395." 

Times,  Sept.  12,  1854. 

J.  Y. 

The  "Perverse   Widow"  (Vol.  x.,   p.  161.).— 
If  ABHBA  should  be  so  located  as  to  be  able  to  call 
upon  me,  I  have  no  doubt  of  being  able  to  con- 
vince him,  as  I  have   already  convinced  many 
others,  of  the  authenticity  and  genuineness  of  the 
autographs  of  the  "  Perverse  Widow "  and  the 
"Malicious  Confident"  of  The  Spectator,  which 
have  been  so  absurdly  disputed  in  another  journal. 
THOMAS  KERSLAKE. 
Bristol. 

Rubrical  Query  (Vol.  x.,  p.  127.).  —  MR.  W. 
FRASER  asks,  "  on  what  authority  the  priest  kneels 
down  again,"  after  he  has  been  directed  to  "  stand 
up"  by  "the  rubric  to  the  versicles  that  pre- 
cede the  three  collects  at  Morning  and  Evening 
Prayer  ?  "  If  your  correspondent  will  refer  to  the 
rubric  immediately  preceding  the  three  collects, 
in  the  "  Order  for  Morning  Prayer  "  [I  have  before 
me  Master's  reprint  of  the  sealed  book,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  editions  in  common  use],  he 
will  find  these  collects  directed  to  be  said  "  all 
kneeling;"  which,  as  the  congregation  are  sup- 
posed to  be  already  kneeling,  must  signify  that  the 
priest  is  to  kneel  also. 

It  is  true  that  these  words  are  not  found  in  the 
corresponding  rubric,  in  the  "  Order  for  Evening 
Prayer;"  but  this  omission  may  be  (perhaps) 
accounted  for  by  the  fact,  that  the  previous  direc- 
tion for  the  priest  to  "  stand  up  "  was  "  first  added 
in  1552 ;"  the  former  book  of  Edward  VI.  having 
apparently  intended  the  officiating  priest  to  kneel 
with  the  people  throughout.  (See  Wheatly,  sect. 
xviii.  §  3.)  J.  SANSOM. 

Oxford. 

[We  have  also  been  favoured  with  similar  replies  from 
F.  B.  W.,  H.  D.  W.,  A.  G.  H.,  and  N.  L.  T.] 

Registration  Act  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  144.  193.).  —  To 
the  question,  "  which  is  the  legal  name"  of  a  child 
baptized  in  one  Christian  name,  and  registered  in 
another?  the  answer  is  very  easily  arrived  at. 
The  law  recognises  that  name  by  which  a  person 
is  generally  known  or  called  as  the  legal  name. 
Hence  it  arises,  independent  of  either  the  baptis- 
mal name,  or  the  registered  name,  that  a  person 
may  assume  any  name  he  pleases ;  and  if  he  is 
generally  known  by  such  assumed  name,  then  it  is 
his  legal  and  proper  name.  There  is  certainly 
this  drawback  in  the  assumption  of  a  name  dif- 
ferent from  that  given  at  first,  the  person  subjects 
himself  to  the  risk  of  having  an  alias  appended  to 
his  designation.  The  law  seems  to  favour  a  man 


SEPT.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


235 


in  the  change  of  his  name,  as  much  as  in  the 
change  of  his  will. 

The  name  is  originally  given  by  the  parents, 
not  by  the  clergyman  who  baptizes,  or  by  the 
registrar  who  registers.  It  is  improper,  therefore, 
for  the  clergyman  to  say  that  the  name  given  at 
baptism  is  the  legal  name  of  the  party,  who  has 
either  from  mistake  been  miscalled,  or  who  from 
choice  changes  his  name,  and  is  known  generally 
by  such  changed  name.  ROBERT  S.  SALMON. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

It,  Its  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  12.  254.).  —  B.  H.  C.  and 
ME.  SINGER  have  noted  examples  of  the  use  of 
the  unchanged  it  for  the  possessive  case,  a  form 
peculiar  to  the  period  of  transition  from  the  old 
English  his  or  her,  to  the  modern  neuter  pos- 
sessive its.  A  great  number  of  similar  examples 
may  be  found  in  Samson  Lennard's  translation  of 
Charron  {Of  Wisdome,  Three  Bookes :  London, 
for  Edward  Blount  and  William  Aspley,  the  se- 
cond edition,  printed  about  1613)  : 

"To  the  end  the  soule  might  better  and  more  freely 
execute  it  owne  affaires."  —  P.  54. 

"  The  world  is  a  schoole  of  inquisition ;  agitation  and 
hunting  is  it  proper  dish  :  to  take  or  to  faile  of  the  prey, 
is  another  thing."  —  P.  59. 

"  [The  Spirit  of  Man]  being  so  industrious,  so  free  and 
universal!,  making  it  motions  so  irregularly,  vsing  it 
libertie  so  boldly  in  all  things,  not  tying  it  selfe  to  any 
thing,"  &c.  —  P.  63. 

"  The  Spirit  hath  it  maladies."  —  P.  65. 

Occasionally  the  translator  retains  the  older  form, 
and  in  some  instances  seems  to  have  been  in  doubt 
which  of  the  two  to  adopt : 

"  If  every  facultie  had  his  chamber  or  ventricle  apart." 
—  P.  48. 

"There  is  not  anything  wherewith  it  [the  human 
spirit]  plaieth  not  his  part."  —  P.  58. 

"  [Of  Truth]  It  lodgeth  within  the  bosom  of  God,  that 
is  her  chamber,  her  retiring  place."  —  P.  61. 

I  have  referred  to  this  edition  of  Lennard's 
translation,  as  of  about  1613.  The  engraved  title- 
page  (retained  in  subsequent  editions)  is  without 
date  ;  but  the  dedication  to  Samson  Lennard,  Esq., 
alludes  to  the  death  of  Prince  Henry  (ob.  Novem- 
ber, 1612)  as  having  occurred  shortly  before  the 
completion  of  this  "new  impression."  Watt 
{Bill.  Brit.,  vol.  i.  1824)  does  not  mention  this 
or  the  earlier  edition  of  1610.  VERTAUR. 

Hartford,  Connecticut. 

Nose  of  Wax  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  158. 439.).— NARES 
supposed  this  proverbial  phrase  to  have  been 
"  originally  borrowed  from  the  Roman  Catholic 
writers."  Perhaps  so;  but  how  came  they  by  it? 
When  and  by  whom  was  the  term,  or  its  Latin 
equivalent,  "  nasus  cereus,"  first  applied,  in  the 
sense  ascribed  to  it  by  NARES?  Or,  as  in  the  pas- 
sage from  Jewell  (cited  by  Richardson  s.v.  NOSE), 
"  to  that  which  may  be  fashioned,  and  plied  al 
manner  of  waies,  and  serue  al  mennes  tunics  ?  " 


The  first  recorded  ancestor  of  the  family  of 
wax  noses  was  the  student  Telephron,  whose  won- 
derful adventure  is  related  by  Apuleins  (Meta- 
morph.,  lib.  ii.  p.  41.  ;  Valpy,  vol.  i.  p.  179.).  Te- 
lephron, a  braggart  and  a  simpleton,  finds  himself 
out  of  money,  and  is  ready  to  undertake  any  en- 
terprise which  may  promise  to  fill  his  pockets. 
Notwithstanding  he  boasts  himself  "  a  man  of  iron 
nerve,  proof  against  sleep,  and,  beyond  a  doubt, 
more  sharp-sighted  than  Lynceus  himself,  or 
Argus,"  he  falls  asleep  by  the  side  of  a  dead  body 
he  had  been  hired  to  watch,  and  permits  the  sor- 
ceresses who  are  hovering  about  the  chamber  to 
take  strange  liberties  with  his  nose  and  ears.  The 
hags  "  entered  through  a  chink,  and  cut  off  his 
nose  first  and  then  his  ears,"  without  his  being 
aware  of  the  loss  : 

"  Utque  fallaciffi  reliqua  convenirent,  ceram  in  modum 
prosectarum  formatam  aurium  ei  applicant  examussim, 
nasoque  ipsius  similem  comparent.  .  .  .  Injecta  manu 
nasum  prehendo,  sequitur  :  aures  pertracto,  deruunt." 

On  this  passage  Beroaldus  comments  thus  : 

"[Sequitur:]  quia  cereus  erat  nasus,  farilisque  ob  hoc 
sequela  :  cerae  enim  lenta  sequaxque  materia." 

Have  we  not  here  the  origin  of  the  proverbial 
phrase  ?  VERTAUR. 

Hartford,  Connecticut. 

"  Old  Dominion"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  468.).  —  I  think 
that  Penn  is  in  error  in  supposing  that  the  ex- 
pression "the  Old  Dominion"  had  any  connexion 
with  the  fact  of  Virginia's  acknowledging  Charles  II. 
before  his  restoration  in  England.  It  is  much 
more  commonly  styled  "The  Ancient  Dominion," 
and  this  title  most  probably  arose  from  the  cir- 
cumstance that  Virginia  was  the  original  name  for 
all  the  British  settlements  in  North  America. 
The  other  colonies  were  carved  out  of  her  original 
territory,  and  in  reference  to  them  she  was  the 
"  ancient  dominion." 

I  have  in  my  possession  a  folio  volume  of  the 
Laws  of  Virginia,  published  at  Williamsburg  in 
1733.  On  the  title-page  is  a  shield  argent  bearing 
a  cross  gules.  In  each  of  the  four  divisions  of  the 
shield  is  a  coat  of  arms  surmounted  by  a  crown. 
The  first  are  those  of  England  and  Scotland  quar- 
tered, the  second  those  of  France,  the  third  the 
arms  of  Ireland,  and  the  fourth  is  a  composition 
so  full  that  it  cannot  be  readily  deciphered  in  the 
woodcut.  I  presume  it  stands  for  the  arms  of 
Virginia.  Beneath  is  the  motto  "En,  dat.  Vir- 
ginia quartam  :  —  Lo,  Virginia  gives  the  fourth 
(crown)."  This,  which  was  the  motto  of  Vir- 
ginia until  the  Revolution,  has  reference,  beyond 
all  question,  to  the  acknowledgment  of  Ch:irlcs  II. 
as  her  sovereign.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 


quern  faciunt  aliena  pericnla    cautiim  " 
(Vol.  iii.,  pp.  431.  482.  &c.).  —  In  looking  through 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


the  early  volumes  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  find  several 
communications  respecting  the  origin  of  this  line, 
none  of  them,  I  believe,  assigning  it  an  earlier 
date  than  1496,  when,  according  to  ME.  SINGER 
(Vol.  iii.,  p.  431.),  it  was  used  in  the  rebus  of  a 
Parisian  printer.  It  had,  doubtless,  a  much  earlier 
origin.  It  is  cited  as  an  established  dictum  by 
Cyllenius  in  his  Commentary  on  Tibvllus  (as  pub- 
lished in  the  Venice  edition,  Simon  Bevilaqua,  of 
1493),  where  the  lines,  — 

"  Felix  quicumque  dolore 
Alterius  disces  posse  carere  tuo." 

are  thus  explained  : 

"  Sensus  est,  fortunatum  videre  quicumque  dolori  re- 
sistit  suo,  eumque  vitat  alterius  infaelicitatis  exemplo: 
unde  dictum  est,  Fselix  quern  faciunt  aliena  pericula 
cautum." 

The  Commentary  of  Cyllenius  (Bernardinus  Ve- 
ronensis)  was  first  published  with  Tibuttus,  printed 
at  Rome  in  1475  (Panzer,  ii.  454.,  No.  184.).  I 
have  had  no  opportunity  of  consulting  that,  or 
either  of  the  Venetian  editions  of  the  Commentary, 
earlier  than  the  one  of  1493.  VERTAUR. 

Hartford,  Connecticut. 

"  Over  the  Left"  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  525.  &c.).  — The 
following  extracts  from  the  Records  of  the  Hart- 
ford County  Court,  in  the  (then)  American  colony 
of  Connecticut,  supply  an  amusing  illustration  of 
the  use  and  peculiar  significance  of  this  phrase  : 
"  At  a  County  Court  held  at  Hartford,  September  4, 1705. 

"  Whereas  James  Steel  did  commence  an  action  against 
Bevell  Waters  (both  of  Hartford),  in  this  Court,  upon 
hearing  and  tryall   whereof  the  Court  gave  judgment  j 
against  the  said  Waters  (as  in  justice  they  think  they  ; 
ought),  upon  the  declareing  the  said  judgment,  the  said  j 
Waters  did  review  to  the  Court  in  March  next,  that  being 
granted  and  entred,  the  said  Waters,  as  he  departed  from 
the  table,  he  said,  '  God  bless  yon  over  the  left  shoulder.' 

"  The  Court  order  a  record  to  be  made  thereof  forthwith.  I 
"  A  true  copie :  Test. 

"  CALEB  STANLEY,  Clerk." 

At  the  next  Court  Waters  was  tried  for  contempt, 
for   saying  the  words   recited,    "  so   cursing  the  t 
Court,"  and  on  verdict  fined  51.     He  asked  a  re-  i 
view  at  the  Court  following,  which  was  granted ;  ' 
and  pending  trial,  the  Court  asked  counsel  of  the 
Rev.  Messrs.  Woodbridge  and  Buckingham,  the 
ministers  of  the   Hartford   churches,  as  to  "  the 
common    acceptation "    of   the    offensive   phrase,  j 
Their  reply  constitutes  a  part  of  the  Record,  and  i 
is  as  follows : 

"  We  are  of  the  opinion  that  those  words,  said  on  the 
other  side  to  be  spoken  by  Bevell  Waters,  include  (1)  pro- 
pbaneness,  by  useing  the  name  of  God,  that  is  holy,  with 
such  ill  words  whereto  it  was  joyned  ;  (2)  that  they  carry 
great  contempt  in  them,  ariseing  to  the  degree  of  an  im- 
precation or  curse,  the  words  of  a  curse  being  the  most 
contemptible  that  can  ordinarily  be  used. 

T.  WOOEBRIDGE. 

T.  BUCKINGHAM. 
"  March  7th,  1705-6." 


The  former  judgment  was  affirmed  on  review. 
This  is  the  earliest  instance  of  the  use  of  this 
phrase  I  have  met  with  in  New  England.  It  is 
now  very  popular  with  certain  classes,  and  no  re- 
ference to  an  ecclesiastical  tribunal  seems  ne- 
cessary to  determine  its  import.  VERTAUR. 
Hartford,  Connecticut. 

DeverelFs  Shakspeare,  8fc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  577.). — 
I  thank  J.  F.  M.  for  his  kindness  in  directing  my 
attention  to  this  work,  the  title-page  of  which  I 
transcribe  for  the  benefit  of  such  of  your  readers 
as  may  choose  to  consult  one  of  the  most  extraor- 
dinary works  ever  published : 

"Hieroglyphics  and  other  Antiquities,  in  treating  of 
which  many  favourite  Pieces  of  Butler,  Shakspeare,  and 
other  great  Writers,  in  Prose  and  Verse,  are  put  in  a 
Light  now  entirely  New,  by  Notes,  occasional  Disserta- 
tions, and  upwards  of  Two  Hundred  Engravings  on  Wood 
and  Copper.  By  Robert  Deverell,  Esq. : 

'  Ergo  alte  vestiga  oculis,  et  rite  repertum 
Carpe  manu.' —  Virgil. 

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We  are  again  compelled,  by  the  number  of  REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QOKRIISS 
waiting  for  insertion,  to  postpone  our  NOTES  ON  BOOKS. 


J.  R.  G.  The  Pursuits  of  Literature  was  unquestionably  written  by 
llathias.  See  MB.  DAWSON  TURNER'S  Letter  in  our  3rd  Vol.,  p.  276.,  and 
also  p.  378. 

F.  C.  H.  We  fear  we  cannot  introduce  the  "few  musical  bars  "  referred 
to. 

J.  N.  C.  The  advertisement  of  The  Guild  of  Literature,  which  is,  we 
presume,  the  institution  to  which  ourCornv/ioni/i'iit  n't'i-rx,ii/>/ir.nrs  nearly 
every  Saturday  in  The  Athenreum.  The  Office  is  10.  Lancaster  Place, 
Ktratid ;  the  Secretary  Mr.  Wills,  from  whom  copies  of  the  Prospectus 
may  be  obtained. 

A.P.'s  Query  respecting  Dr.  Llewelyn  Jias  already  appeared,  ante, 
p.  185.  A  reply  to  it  is  at  the  Printer's. 

E.  F.  G.,  who  asks  for  the  origin  of  "  Quern  Deusvu.lt  perdere,"  is  re- 
ferred to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  i.,p.  347. ;  Vol.  ii.,  p.  317. 

INA'S  Letter  has  been  forwarded  to  MR.  RILEY,  and  Mn.  HOWLETT'S 
Letter  to  Ma.  NEWBOLD. 

MERRITT'S  IMPROVED  CAMERA.  We  cannot  describe  this  camera  with- 
out diagrams,  but  we  have  no  doubt  an  illustrated  explanation  of  it  will 
be  forwarded  to  any  Photografdue  who  applies  for  the  same  to  t/te  in- 
ventor, Mr.  T.  L.  Merritt,  Maidstone. 

PRESTONIENSIS.  For  the  origin  of  Cockney,  see  our  Third  Volume, 
pp.  273.  318.  475. 

EDWARD  WEST.  We  shall  be  glad  of  the  date  of  "  The  old  translation 
of  Ovid  "  where  the  word  Brudenal  occurs. 

T.  L.  C.  A  notice  of  John  Barclay  and  his  amusing  political  alle- 
gory, Argenis,  vritt  be  found  in  any  Biographical  Dic-tieinan/.  cx/i/'cially 
Rose's.  A  sketch  of  the  Life  of  the  Author  wan  published  in  1766,  by  Sir 
David  Dalrymple,  Lord  Hailes. 

A  few  complete  sets  of"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES,"  Vols.  i.  to  ix.,  price  four 
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Just  published. 

DELAMOTTE'S  PRACTICE 
of  PHOTOGRAPHY  :  a  Manual  for 
Students  and  Amateurs.  A  New  *  dition,  re- 
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MR.  T.  L.  MERRITT'S  IM- 
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:i  Receptacle  provided  for  them,  without  pos- 
sibility of  injury  from  light. 

As  neither  Tent,  Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  us  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
ating iu  a  Room. 

Maidstone,  Aug.  21. 1854. 


WHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 
PHIC     AND      OPTICAL     WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  52.  Bed  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depot  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


PHOTOGRAPH  EG   OAHERA3. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
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OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
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JL  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists. 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  or 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
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Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

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flOLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
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tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
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The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
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THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  su:t 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extens  vely  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  255. 


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SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  23.  1854. 


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CONTENTS. 


Page 
237 


JTorth  Curry  Feast  ... 

POPIAN  A  :  _  The  Duneiad  —  The  Dub- 
lin Reprint  of  "The  Dunciad"  — 
Pope's  Nurse  -  -  -  -  238 

Dante  :  Tacitus      -  -  -  -    240 

Colloquial  Changes  of  Words     -          -    240 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Queen  Elizabeth  and 
Sir  Philip  Sidney— Miracle  by  Saint 
Villebrord  :  Holland  once  a  favourite 
Seat  of  the  Druids  —  Monumental  In- 
scription —  Whimsical  Petition  to 
James  T —  Swift  and  Leap-year  — 
"  To  get  upon  one's  high  horse  "  -  241 

QOEIUKS  :  — 

Did  the  Greek  Physicians  extract 
Teeth  ?  by  George  Hayes  -  -  242 

MINOR  QCERIES  :  —  Dr.  Broome— Latin 
Poetry  _  "  Talent  :  "  "Conjuror  "  — 
Astronomical  Query  —  Chiselhurst 
Church.  Kent  —  Chevalier  —  Phalan- 
thus  —  Motto  of  the  Thompsons  of 
Yorkshire  —  Hutchinson's  "  Commer- 
cial H  estraints  of  Ireland  considered  " 

—  Bowles  -          -          -          -          -    243 

Minstrel  Court  of  Cheshire—  Bishop 
Beckington  —  Charles  I.,  his  Relics  at 
Ashburnham —  Thomas  Fuller,  D.D. 

—  Dr.  William   Nicolson,  Bishop  of 
Carlisle  —  Prostitution     a    religious 
Ordinance  —  Lempriere's  "  Universal 
Biography "  -          -          -    244 


The  Inquisition,  by  Lord  Monson          -  246 

French  Literature             -          -          -  246 
Occasional  Forms  of  Prayer,  by  W.  P. 

Storer,  &c.            -                      -           -  247 

Celebrated  Wafers,  by  William  Bates  -  247 

Anglo-S  <xon  Typography           -          -  248 

Holy-Loaf  Money,  by  Rev.  W.  Denton  250 

Mounting  with  Indian-rubber  Glue- 
Washing  of  Paper  Positives— Cun- 
dall's  Photographic  Primer  and  Views 
of  Hastings  -  -  -  -  251 

KEPLIKS  TO  Mmqn  QUERIES  :  —  Dr. 
Llewelyn  —  Disinterment  —  Legend 
of  the  County  Clare—  "  Aches  "  a 
Dissyllable  —  Franklin's  Parable  — 
Luce -Bishop  Griffith  Williams  — 
"Rather  :  Other"  —  "  No  hath  not  " 

—  ''Mawkin  "  —  Door- head  Inscrip- 
tions—Iris and  Lily—"  Manual  of  De- 
Tout  Prayers"  — Forensic  Jocularities 

—  Leiy's  Portraits  —  Norfolk    Super- 
stition —  Stars  an>)  Flowers  —  Gram- 
ma-s  for  Public  Schools—  1  uke  ii.  14. 

—  MS.  Verses  in  Fuller's  "  Medicina 
Gymnasiica  "  _  Virgilian     Inscrip- 
tion for  an  Infant   School —School 
Libraries  —  Right   of   Refuge  in  the 
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[No.  256. 


VYLO-IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

y\  tographic  Establishments.  —  The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate,  full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION.— Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS.  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  1*.,  2«., 
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DISSOLUTION  OF  PART- 
NERSHIP. —  EDWARD  GEORGE 
WOOD,  Optician,  &c.,  late  of  123.  and  121. 
Neweate  Street,  begs  to  invite  attention  to 
his  New  Establishment,  No.  117.  Cheapside, 
London. 

Photographic  Cameras  and  Apparatus,  Che- 
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Chemical  Apparatus.  All  kinds  of  Photogra- 
phic Papers,  plain  and  prepared.  Photographic 
Papers  and  Solutions  prepared  according  to  any 
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Just  published. 

ELAMOTTE'S    PRACTICE 

of  PHOTOGRAPHY  :  a  Manual  for 
Students  and  Amateurs.  A  New  k  dition,  re- 
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Post,  5s. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION,  168. 
New  Bond  Street;  and  LOW  &  SON, 
47.  Ludgate  Hill. 


Just  published. 

THE  PHOTOGRAPHIC  PRI- 
MER. For  the  Use  of  Beginners  in  the 
Collodion  Process.  By  JOSEPH  CUNDALL. 
Illustrated  with  a  lac-simile  of  a  Photo- 
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price  Is. ;  or  by  Post,  Is.  6d. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION,  168. 
New  Bond  Street  ;  and  LOW  &  SON, 
47.  Ludgate  Hill. 


TITR.   T.  L. 

L    PROVED  C 
TYPE  and  COLI 


MERRITT'S  IM- 
PROVED CAMERA,  for  the  CALO- 
E  and  COLLODION  PROCESSES ;  by 
which  from  Twelve  to  Twenty  Views,  &c.,  may 
be  taken  in  Succession,  and  then  dropped  into 
a  Receptacle  provided  for  them,  without  pos- 
sibility of  injury  from  light. 

As  neither  Tent,  Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  as  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
ating in  a  Room. 

Maidstone,  Aug.  21. 1854. 


WHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 
PHIC   AND     OPTICAL    WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Red  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depat  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWTLL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
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OTTEWILL'S  Rezistered  Double  Body 
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IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

1  DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
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equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
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Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Poet,  Is.  id. 


Just  published. 

PRACTICAL  PHOTOGRA- 
PHY on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Li-ht,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BI'MEN,  WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Proceeds,  by  CHARL£8  A.  LONG. 
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Published  by  BLAND  and  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
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Fleet  Street,  London. 


flOLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
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The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
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***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


'THE  SIGHT    preserved  by  the 

1  Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMEl-ER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
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BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
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PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

I  «;  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
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Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicucy 
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Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
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SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


237 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  23,  1854. 


HOBTH   CUBBY   TEAST. 

A  curious  feast  takes   place   annually  in  the  j 
parish  of  North  Curry,  near  Taunton,   a  manor  j 
belonging  to  the   Dean    and   Chapter   of  Wells. 
The  following  account  of  the  customs  of  the  said  | 
feast  is  copied  from  a  marble  tablet  in  the  vestry 
room  of  the  church.     Does  a  similar  feast  exist  in 
England  ?     What  is  its  origin  ? 

"CUSTOMS  OF  THE  NORTH  CURSY  FEAST. 

"  The  Reeve  provides  the  feast,  and  in  order  to  enable  \ 
him  to  do  so,  the  Lords  of  the  Manor  allow  him  the  lord's 
rent  for  the  Feast  Tenement,  in  respect  of  which  he  is 
appointed  to  the  office.  An  annual  allowance  of  two 
pounds  by  the  name  of  lease- fees.  A  payment  of  two 
pounds  under  the  name  of  cane-wood,  and  four  pounds 
and  five  shillings  under  the  name  of  beef  and  pork. 

"  The  Reeve  is  allowed  by  the  occupier  of  the  lay- 
rectory,  now  held  by  Mr.  Chas.  Holcombe  Dare  for  lives, 
under  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Wells,  thirty-six 
bushels  of  good  marketable  wheat;  and  forty-eight  shil- 
lings in  money  to  be  rendered  on  demand  one  month 
before  Christmas  annually,  and  likewise  by  the  holders  of 
the  undermentioned  estates  the  quantities  of  wheat  set 
opposite  to  the  names  of  their  tenements  respectively 
•within  the  like  period." 

Here  follow  the  names  of  twelve  persons  who 
have  severally  and  respectively  to  give  two 
bushels  each  of  good  marketable  wheat  for  the 
feast. 

"  The.  Custom  of  preparing  for  and  holding  the  feast  is, 
for  the  Reeve  to  provide  three  fat  heifers,  and  put  them 
in  the  manor  pound,  adjoining  North  Curry  Churchyard, 
the  Sunday  before  Christmas  Day.  If  Christmas  Day 
happens  on  any  other  day  than  a  Monday  or  a  Tuesday, 
then  the  Sunday  week  before  Christmas  Day :  for  the 
inspection  of  the  persons  entitled  to  the  feast,  who  may 
insist  on  having  them  changed  if  good  ones  are  not  pro- 
vided. Then  these  are  killed  by  a  butcher,  paid  and 
appointed  by  the  Reeve ;  and  the  day  before  Christmas 
Day  delivered,  with  a  good  half  pig,  to"  two  tenants  of  the 
Manor  of  North  Curry,  called  Dealers,  who  continue  for 
many  years,  but  are  annually  summoned  to  their  duty  by 
the  Reeve,  and  have  their  vacancies  filled  up  by  him. 

"  The  Dealers  are  to  attend  the  day  before  Christmas 
Day ;  except  that  day  be  a  Sunday,  and  then  the  day 
preceding,  at  the  Reeve's,  with  a  clerk,  to  cut,  or  deal,  or 
dole  out  the  beef  and  pork  to  the  persons  entitled  to  re- 
ceive it,  and  they  have  provided  for  them  by  the  Reeve 
Beefsteaks  and  onions  for  breakfast ;  top-butt  of  beef  and 
three  marrow-bones  boiled,  with  the  marrow  taken  out,  j 
and  spread  on  toasted  bread,  for  dinner ;  and,  a  feast  each  j 
of  two  loaves  of  bread,  eight  pennyworth  of  beef,  and 
twopence  in  money,  and  one  pound  of  good  beef  suet,  to 
be  sent  home  to  their  houses  for  their  trouble. 

"  The  Dealers  serve  out  two  ribs  of  beef,  two  ribs  of 
pork,  two  loaves  of  bread,  and  twopence  in  money,  and 
one  pound  of  beef  suet,  to  each  of  the  holders  of  the  follow- 
ing freehold  manors : " 

Here  follow  the  names  of  seven  manors  and  the 
present  occupiers,  who  are  entitled  to  the  above. 


"  They,  the  Dealers,  also  serve  out  to  each  of  the 
occupiers  of  the  two  following  tenements,  viz.  William 
Hembrey's  tenement,  in  the  Manor  of  East  Curry,  now 
belonging  to  Robt.  Hooper  Scott,  and  Murless  tenement, 
in  the  Manor  of  North  Curry,  now  belonging  to  William 
Payne,  a  feast  and  a  half,  viz.  three  loaves  of  bread,  one 
shilling's  worth  of  beef,  and  threepence  in  money. 

"  The  Dealers  also  serve  out  to  the  occupiers  of  the  fol- 
lowing tenements,  two  loaves  of  bread,  eight  pennyworth 
of  beef,  and  twopence  in  money : " 

Here  follow  the  names  of  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
eight  persons,  entitled  to  receive  the  above. 

"  The  Dealers  also  serve  out  a  loaf  and  one-third  of  bread, 
two-thirds  of  eight  pennyworth  of  beef,  and  twopence 
in  money,  to  the  occupiers  of  late  Samuel  Powell's 
tenements,  in  the  Manor  of  East  Curry,  called  a  Two- 
thirdingale  tenement,  now  belonging  to  Mary  Dare.  Also 
one  half  of  the  last-mentioned  allowance  to  the  occupier 
of  late  Thomas  Powell's,  in  the  Manor  of  East  Curry, 
called  a  thirdingale,  now  also  belonging  to  Mary  Dare. 

"  The  Dealers  likewise  serve  out  one  loaf  of  bread,  four 
pennyworth  of  beef,  and  one  penny  in  money,  to  the 
occupiers  of  the  following  tenements  called  Half-feast 
tenements : " 

Here  follow  the  names  of  fourteen  persons  en- 
titled to  the  half-feasts. 

"  Each  of  which  loaves  of  bread  is  to  be  made  of  good 
white  flour,  to  be  well  baked,  and  to  weigh,  after  baking, 
five  pounds ;  and  the  beef  is  to  be  valued  at  the  price  for 
which  beef  of  the  like  quality  is  then  currently  selling. 

"  To  the  Reeve  of  the  West  Hatch,  within  the  said 
manor,  the  Dealers  serve  half  a  bullock,  and  the  hind 
quarter  of  the  half  pig,  for  the  use  of  the  tenants  in  that 
manor,  on  his  paying  five  shillings  for  it  to  the  Reeve  of 
North  Curry;  but,  before  he  is  allowed  to  enter  the 
Reeve's  house,  he  is  to  sing  the  following  song  : 

'  King  John,  he  was  a  noble  knight, 
I  am  come  to  demand  my  right. 
Open  the  door,  and  let  me  in, 
Else,  I'll  carry  away  my  money  again.' 

"  The  Dealers  serve  out  these  feasts  to  the  persons  enti- 
tled to  them,  who  are  to  send  for  them  between  sunrise 
and  sunset,  the  day  before  Christmas  Dav ;  unless  it  hap- 
pens to  be  on  Sunday,  and  then  the  day  preceding.  And 
the  Dealers  also  serve  out  for  the  Reeve,  a  chine,  round, 
and  rump  of  beef  for  mince-meat,  and  the  belly  part  of 
the  fore  quarter  of  the  half  pig :  for  a  feast  to  be  provided 
the  day  after  Christmas  Day,  except  it  be  a  Sunday,  and 
then  the  day  following,  by  the  Reeve  for  the  Lords  of  the 
Manors  of  Knapp  and  Slough,  who  are  called  the  'Jacks 
of  Knapp  and  Slough;'  and  have  this  feast  for  them- 
selves and  their  attendants  aftermentioned,  besides  the 
chief  feasts  of  beef,  &c.,  in  common  with  the  holders  of 
the  other  five  freehold  manors.  They,  or  their  deputies, 
arrive  at  the  Reeve's  house  on  the  feast  day  about  one 
o'clock ;  the  '  Jack  of  Knapp,'  or  his  deputy,  attended 
by  three  men  and  a  boy,  and  the  '  Jack  of  Slough,'  or 
his  deputy,  by  two  men  and  a  boy. 

"  When  the  '  Jack  of  Knapp,'  or  his  deputy,  arrives,  the 
key  of  the  Reeve's  cellar,  in  which  there  is  to  be  provided 
a  half  hogshead,  at  least,  of  good  ale  for  the  feast,  is  given 
to  one  of  his  attendants. 

"  The  '  Jack,'  or  his  deputy,  proceeds  to  divide  the 
offal  or  inferior  parts  of  the  bullocks,  and  half  pig,  not 
distributed  by  the  Dealers  to  the  holders  of  tenements, 
into  portions  to  be  given  away  in  the  afternoon  to  the 
second  poor. 

"  The  '  Jack  of  Slough,'  or  his  deputy,  divides  six  dozen 


238 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  256. 


of  bread,  weighing  five  pounds  each  loaf  when  well  baked, 
provided  by  the  Reeve  for  the  like  purpose. 

"  The  '  Jacks,'  and  their  attendants,  then  sit  down  to  a 
dinner  provided  by  the  Reeve  :  consisting  of  the  chine  of 
beef  roasted,  and  "the  rump  and  round  boiled,  the  belly 
part  of  the  fore  quarter  of  the  half  pig  rolled  up,  and 
made  up  into  a  collar  of  brawn,  scalded,  and  served  up  with 
a  sprig  of  rosemary,  and  powdered  with  flour ;  a  hen  with 
the  head  and  tail  on,  but  the  rest  of  the  feathers,  except 
the  tail,  plucked  off,  a  little  boiled,  and  served  up  on  sops 
of  bread,  and  proper  vegetables  ;  a  large  minced-pie,  with 
an  eiKgv  of  King  John  in  full  in  paste,  properly  painted 
to  represent  a  king,  stuck  up  in  the  middle  of  it ;  bread 
and  ale,  and  bread  and  cheese  after.  When  they  sit 
down  to  dinner,  two  candles,  weighing  a  pound  each,  are 
lighted;  and,  until  they  are  burnt  out,  the  'Jacks'  and 
their  attendants  have  a  right  to  sit  drinking  ale. 

"  After  dinner,  the  regular  toasts  are :  '  To  the  immortal 
memory  of  King  John  ;'  'The  real  Jack  of  Knapp ;'  'The 
real  Jack  of  Slough.'  Afterwards,  other  toasts  are  given. 

"The' Jacks'  give  away  the  bread,  and  the  offal  beef 
and  pork,  to  the  second  poor.  When  they  have  drunk  as 
much  as  they  like,  they  depart:  the  'Jack  of  Slough,' 
or  his  deputy,  holding  the  stirrup  of  the  '  Jack  of  Knapp,' 
or  his  deputy  for  him,  to  mount ;  and  receiving  a  shilling 
as  his  fee. 

"  The  undersigned  declare  the  above  to  be  the  imme- 
morial customs  of  the  feast  held  annually  in  the  Manor  of 
North  Curry;  and  as  contributors  thereto,  or  partakers 
thereof,  they  make  this  recognition  for  better  preserving 
and  keeping  up  the  same." 

W.  W.  M. 

Wiltown,  Curry  RiveL 


"  The  Bunciad"  (Vol.x.,  p.  197.).— THE  WRITER 
OF  THE  ARTICLES  IN  THE  ATHEN^UM,  in  his  late 
communication  to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  lias  quoted  two  im- 
portant passages  from  unpublished  letters  of  Pope, 
but  he  has  omitted  to  state  the  dates  of  those 
letters,  or  to  whom  addressed,  or  how  authenticated. 
These  are  circumstances  necessary  to  a  fair  ap- 
preciation of  the  evidence,  especially  after  the 
strong  aud,  I  have  no  doubt,  just  opinion  which 
the  WRITER  entertains  as  to  the  juggling  with 
which  Pope  dealt  with  his  letters. 

The  WHITER  somewhat  mistakes  my  inquiry  as 
to  any  edition  prior  to  that  of  Gilliver  (without 
date),  and  remind.-*  me  of  that  of  1728,  and  the 
4to.  of  1729;  but.  if  he  looks  closer  he  will  see 
that  I  was  aware  of  both  these  editions,  and 
specially  described  them  ;  but  what  I  meant  to 
inquire  about  was  any  of  tlie  five  editions  stated 
by  Pope  to  have  been  published  in  Dublin  and 
London,  prior  to  the  quarto  or  the  Gilliver,  and 
exclusive  of  that  of  1728,  of  which  Pope  says 
nothing  (and  by  his  silence  disclaims  it)  in  the 
note  to  which  the  WRITER  refers  me. 

The  inclination  of  my  own  opinion  is,  with 
Alalone,  that  Dodd's  edition  of  1728  was  the  first 
published  (I  do  not  say  printed) ;  but  I  cannot  ac- 
count for  Pope's  solemn  and  reiterated  assertions, 
that  there  were^ue  earlier  —  a  falsehood,  if  it  was 


one,  apparently  gratuitous,  and  for  which  there 
seems  no  imaginable  object.  He  Lad  an  obvious 
one  in  garbling  the  letters;  but  what  possible  in- 
ducement could  there  be  to  record  and  complain 
of  editions  that  never  existed  ?  C. 

1.  James  Moore  Smyth.  —  To  one  who  receives 
"  N.  &  Q."  in  monthly  parts,  and  at  a  great  dis- 
tance from  Fleet  Street,  it  may,  perhaps,  be  per- 
mitted to  go  back  on  a  few  of  the  late  Numbers. 
In  Vol.  x.,  p.  102.,  C.  solicits  information  relative 
to  James  Moore,  afterwards  James  Moore  Smyth. 
This  object  of  Pope's  implacable  hatred  and  bitter 
satire,  was  a  son  of  Arthur  Moore,  of  Fetcham,  in 
Surrey,  a  distinguished  politician,  who  was  M.  P. 
for  Great  Grimsby,  Commissioner  of  Trade  and 
Plantations,    atid  a   Director  of  the    South    Sea 
Company  in  the  time  of  Queen  Anne.     James 
was  educated  at  Oxford,  wrote  a  comedy  (The 
Rival  Modes'),  for  which  Bernard  Lintot  is  said  to 
have  given  one  hundred  guineas  ;  and  he  held,  in 
connexion  with  one  of  his  brothers,  the  office  of 
Receiver  and  Paymaster  of  the  Band  of  Gentle- 
men Pensioners.     He  took  the  name  of  Smyth  as 
heir  to  a  rich  maternal  uncle  of  that  name,  and 
died  unmarried  in   1734.   (Curll's  "  Key  to   The 
Dunciad"    Gent.  Mag.  for   1734 ;   and  Manning 
and   Bray's    History   of  Surrey.)     I   have   read 
many  of  James  Moore's  unpublished  letters  ad- 
dressed to  Martha  and  Teresa  Blount  of  Maple, 
Durham,  and  they  fully  bear  out  Pope's  charges 
of  literary  vanity,  frivolity,  and  weakness. 

2.  Warburton's     Edition.  —  With    respect    to 
Warburton's  edition  of  Pope's   Works,  1751,  we 
have  no  exact  information  to  determine  the  point 
whether  it  was  partly  or  wholly  printed  off  before 
the  poet's  death.     The  Ethic  Epistles,  with  \Var- 
burton's  comments,  were  so  printed,  as  we  learn 
from  the  published  correspondence.    Spence  states 
that  Pope  sent  some  of  these  epistles  as  presents 
to  his  friends  about  three  weeks  before  his  death, 
and  the  presumption  is  that  they  were  copies  of 
the  new  corrected  and  annotated  edition.     And 
then    we   have    Bolingbroke's   communication  to 
Marchmont,  telling  him  that  Pope  had  corrected 
and  prepared  for  the  press,  just  before  his  death, 
an  edition  of  the  Four  Epistles;  that  he  (Boling- 
broke)  had  a  copy  of  the  book,  containing  the  cha- 
racter of  Atossa ;   and   that  Warburton  had  the 
copyright  of  the  work,  which,  by  the  terms  of 
Pope's  will,  he  could  not  alter.     No  copy  of  the 
volume  or  edition  seen  by  Bolingbroke  has  been 
discovered,  unless  it  be  included  in  Warburton's 
edition  of  1751,  the  publication  of  which  is  said  to 
have  been  long  deferred,  lest  it  should  interfere 
with  the  sale  of  Pope's  Works  remaining  undis- 
posed of,   and  the  property  of  other  publishers. 
(Quart.  Review,  vol.  xxxii.  p.  273.)     It  is  not  un- 
likely that  the  volume  or  volumes  printed  before 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Pope's  death  formed  the  nucleus  of  Warburton's 
edition  of  1751,  in  which  he  is  said  to  have  can- 
celled so  many  sheets ;  no  doubt  that  he  might 
add  his  own  personalities  and  literary  nugce  to  the 
ample  store  accumulated  at  Twickenham.  The 
best  way  to  determine  this  point  would  be  to  try 
the  plan  adopted  with  regard  to  Goldsmith's 
famous  bloom-coloured  coat.  The  tailor's  ledger 
verified  Boswell's  anecdote,  and  displayed  Goldy 
in  all  the  glory  of  his  gay  attire.  Pope's  printers' 
books,  if  they  still  exist  (Bowyer,  Whitefriars, 
was  one  of  his  latest  printers),  would  disclose 
some  curious  and  interesting  details. 

3.  "  The  Dunciad"  —  The  question,  whether 
there  was  an  edition  of  The  Dunciad  in  1727,  has 
been  well  discussed  in  "  N.  &  Q."  I  quite  agree 
with  MB.  MARKLAND  and  E.  T.  D.  that  no  such  edi- 
tion ever  existed.  The  printed  correspondence  is 
conclusive  on  this  point;  but  there  is  another 
authority  which  has  hitherto  been  overlooked. 
We  have  a  case  of  Pope  versus  Pope,  and  within 
the  compass  of  the  same  volume.  In  the  Poetical 
Works,  vol.  ii.  4to.,  1735,  a  very  handsome  spe- 
cimen of  typography  by  Wright,  and  published  by 
Gilliver  —  Pope,  in  a  note  to  The  Dunciad,  states 
as  follows : 

"  This  poem  was  writ  in  1727.  In  the  next  year  an 
imperfect  edition  was  published  at  Dublin.  .  .  .  But 
there  was  no  perfect  edition  before  that  of  London  in  4to., 
1728-9." 

In  the  small  edition  of  his  Works,  published  the 
year  following  (1736),  Pope  altered  the  figures, 
and  so  they  continue,  substituting  1726  for  1727, 
and  1728  for  1728-9.  Why  was  the  change  made  ? 
Simply,  I  conclude,  from  that  love  of  mystification 
and  trick  (combined  now  and  then  with  cautious 
prudence)  in  which  Pope  revelled,  and  which, 
indeed,  was  inseparable  from  his  nature.  And 
with  all  his  acuteness  and  finesse  he  often  blun- 
dered. In  the  same  editions  in  which  he  states 
that  The  Dunciad  was  written  in  1726,  he  states 
in  another  note  that  it  was  written  half  a  year  or 
more  after  the  publication  of  the  Miscellanies, 
which  drew  upon  him  and  Swift  the  scurrility  and 
falsehood  of  a  host  of  scribblers.  "  He  had  now 
an  opportunity,"  he  said,  "  of  dragging  into  light 
those  common  enemies  of  mankind;"  and  "this  it 
was  that  gave  birth  to  The  Dunciad"  &c.  We 
turn  to  the  Miscellanies,  and  find  the  preface 
signed  "  JONATH.  SWIFT,  ALEX.  POPE,"  and  dated 
"Twickenham,  May  27,  1727."  It  would  have 
puzzled  the  poet  to  explain  how  attacks  published 
half  a  year  or  more  after  May  27,  1727,  could 
have  given  birth  to  The  Dunciad,  said  to  be 
written  in  1726.  Pope's  quarrels  with  Aaron 
Hill,  Lady  Mary,  and  The  Dunces,  supply  similar 
instances  of  inconsistency  and  mis-statement;  but 
in  truth  his  artifice  and  contrivances,  from  their 
extent  and  dramatic  accompaniments,  are  as 
amusing  as  a  comedy.  He  does  it,  as  Mrs. 


Quickly  says,  "like  one  of  the  harlotry  players." 
Pope  was  never  tired  of  pointing  his  brilliant 
couplets,  balancing  his  antitheses,  and  disposing 
his  imagery  ;  but  facts  and  dates  were  the  "  beg- 
garly elements "  of  his  poetical  creed,  which  he 
discarded  or  dealt  with  at  pleasure. 

R.  CARRUTHERS. 
Inverness,  Sept.  9. 

The  Dublin  Reprint  of  "  The  Dunciad." — I  gave 
it  as  my  opinion  (Vol.  x.,  p.  199.)  that  the  first 
edition  of  The  Dunciad  printed  in  Dublin  was  the 
"London  printed"  of  George  Faulkner.  I  now 
submit  a  fact  in  corroboration. 

In  the  first  perfect  edition  —  the  quarto  —  there 
appears  (B.  1.  line  104.)  the  following  note,  omitted 
in  Warburton's  and  all  subsequent  editions  : 

"  This  verse  in  the  surreptitious  editions  stood  thus : 

'  And  furious  D foam,'  &c.,  which,  in  that  printed 

in  Ireland,  was  unaccountably  filled  up  with  the  great 
name  of  Dryden." 

By  the  phrase  "  in  that  [edition]  printed  in 
Ireland,"  the  writer  clearly  refers  to  one  edition, 
all  published  or  at  least  known  to  him ;  he  would 
otherwise  have  said  "  in  those,"  or  "  in  one  of 
those."  And  the  edition  referred  to  is  that  of 
George  Faulkner,  where  we  read : 

"  And  furious  Dryden  foam  in  Wharton's  rage." 

This  note  suggests  some  curious  speculations, 
with  which,  however,  I  shall  not  trouble  you,  as 
they  are  not  connected  with  the  immediate  sub- 
ject of  inquiry.  I  must,  however,  observe  that 
Pope — assuming  Pope  to  have  been  the  writer  of 
the  note — got  rid  of  the  offence  of  having  so  used 
or  abused  "  the  great  name  of  Dryden "  by  an 
untruth.  So  far  as  I  know  and  believe,  there  is 
no  surreptitious  edition  in  which  the  line  will  be 
found  printed,  as  quoted  by  Pope,  "furious 

D foam."      On   the   contrary,   in   the   first 

edition,  as  I  consider  it  —  the  "  A.  Dodd,  1728  " 
—  it  is  printed : 

"And  furious  D n  foam  in  Wh 's  rage." 

It  is  not  therefore  "  unaccountable "  that  the 
Dublin  printer  filled  up  the  line  with  the  names 
of  Dryden  and  Wharton. 

In  "  the  second  edition  "  of  A.  Dodd,  which  I 
believe  to  have  been  a  mere  corrected  copy  of  the 
first,  we  read : 

"  And  furious  D s  foam." 

THE  WRITER  OF  THE  ARTICLES,  &c. 

Pope's  Nurse.  —  The  following  inscription  is,  or 
was,  on  a  stone  in  Twickenham  churchyard  : 

"  To  the  memory  of  Mary  Beach,  who  died  November  5, 
1725,  aged  78.  Alex.  Pope,  whom  she  nursed  in  his  in- 
fancy, and  constantly  attended  for  thirty-eight  years,  in 
gratitude  to  a  faithful  old  servant,  erected  this  stone." 

j.y. 


240 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


[No.  256. 


DANTE TACITUS. 

•*  Noi  eravam  partiti  pa  da  ello, 

Ch'  io  vidi  due  ghiacciati  in  rma  buca 
Si  che  1'un  capo  all'altro  era  cappello, 

E  come  '1  pan  per  fame  si  manduca, 
Cosi  '1  sovran  li  denti  all'altro  pose 
La  Ve  '1  cervel  s'aggiunge  con  la  nuca 

Non  altrimenti  Tideo  si  rose 

Le  tempie  a  Menalippo,  per  disdegno, 
Che  quei  faceva  1  teschio,  e  Paltre  cose. 

O  tu,  che  mostri  per  si  bestial  segno, 
Odio  sovra  colui,  che  tu  ti  mangi, 
Dimmi  '1  perche,  diss'  io.  .  .  .  . 

La  bocca  sollevo  dal  fiero  pasto 
Quel  peccator,  forbendda  a'  capelli 
Del  capo  ch'egli  avea  diretro  guasto 

Poi  comincio 

Quand'ebbe  dette  cib,  con  gli  oechi  torti 
Riprese  '1  teschio  misero  co'denti, 
Che  furo  all'  osso,  come  d'  un  can  forti." 
"  Count  Ugolino's  repast  on  the  head  of  the 
Archbishop  of  Pisa,"  Inferno,  canto  xxxii. 
1. 124—135. ;  xxxiii.  1. 1—4.  and  76—78. 

"  We  now  had  left  him,  passing  on  our  way, 
When  I  beheld  two  spirits  by  the  ice 
Pent  in  one  hollow,  that  the  head  of  one 
Was  cowl  unto  the  other ;  and  as  bread 
Is  raven'd  up  through  hunger,  the  uppermost 
Did  so  apply  his  fangs  to  the  other's  brain 
Where  the  spine  joins  it.     Not  more  furiously 
On  Menalippus'  temples  Tydens  gnaw'd 
Than  on  that  skull  and  on  its  garbage  he. 
'  0  thou !  who  show'st  so  beastly  sign  of  hate 
'Gainst  him  thou  prey'st  on,  let  me  hear,'  said  I, 
'  The  cause.'       ..... 
His  jaws  uplifting  from  their  fell  repast, 
That  sinner  wip'd  them  on  the  hairs  o'  the  head, 
Which  he  behind  had  mangled,  then  began. 

Thus  having  spoke, 

Once  more  upon  the  wretched  skull  his  teeth 
He  fasten'd  like  a  mastiff's  'gainst  the  bone 
Firm  and  unyielding."  —  Gary's  Translation. 

The  episode  of  Count  Ugolino  in  the  union  of 
the  horrible  and  pathetic,  is  one  of  those  passages 
which  have  raised  Dante  to  an  equality  with  the 
first  poets  of  ancient  or  modern  times,  for  to  this 
lofty  eminence  his  countrymen  have  elevated  him  ; 
and  I  suspect  our  own  poet  Milton,  in  his  Hebraic 
sublimity,  is  the  only  modern  poet  who  can  be 
classed  with  him.  The  terrible  repast  I  thought 
could  only  exist  in  the  imagination  of  a  poet ;  but 
I  noticed  lately  in  the  History  of  Tacitus,  book  iv. 
chap.  42.,  that  the  imaginary  did  not  go  beyond 
the  real.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Roman  Senate  im- 
mediately after  the  death  of  Vitellius,  a  senator 
called  Aquilius  Regulus,  charged  with  being  an 
informer  in  the  bad  times  of  Nero,  was  directly 
accused,  that  as  soon  as  Galba  was  slain,  he  gave 
a  sum  of  money  to  the  murderer  of  Piso,  named 
by  Galba  his  associate  and  successor  of  the  go- 
vernment of  the  empire,  and  that  throwing  him- 
self on  the  body  he  gnawed  Piso's  head  with  his 
teeth.  The  original  at  some  farther  length  is 
this  : 

"  Occurrit  truci  oratione  Curtius  Montanus,  eo  usque 
progressus,  ut,  post  caedem  Galbse,  datam  interfectori  Piso- 


nis  pecuniam  a  Regulo  appetitumque  morsu  Pisonis  caput, 
objectaret.  Hoc  certe,  inquit,  Nero  non  coe'git,  nee  dig- 
nitatem, aut  salutem,  ilia  saevitia  redemisti." 

Dante's  text  mentions  a  similar  atrocity  of  the 
Greek  Tydeus  on  the  skull  of  Menalippus,  in  the 
early  poetic  war  of  the  Chiefs  of  Thebes ;  and 
commentators  refer  for  this  to  Statins,  book  viii. 
ad  finem.  Still  the  coincidence  appears  to  me 
sufficiently  striking  to  merit  notice,  the  rather 
from  the  high  rank  of  the  writer  of  the  Divine 
Comedy  and  the  annalist  of  Tiberius  and  Nero. 
I  do  not  know  if  the  History  of  Tacitus  was  dis- 
covered when  Dante  lived.  The  first  five  books 
of  his  Annals  were  found  in  Germany,  during  the 
pontificate  of  Leo  X.,  and  printed  by  his  directions 
in  a  complete  edition  of  Tacitus'  works  in  1515. 
The  last  six  books  of  the  Annals,  and  first  five 
books  of  his  History  (the  fourth  book  containing 
the  passage  quoted),  were  discovered  before  and 
printed  at  Venice  about  1468.  (Roscoe's  Leo  X., 
vol.  ii.  p.  276.  ed.  4to.)  Were  the  passage  in 
Tacitus  known  to  Dante,  the  poet  has  made  such 
ennobling  use  of  it  as  to  make  the  historian  his 
debtor.  Tasso's  noble  and  thoughtful  lines  on 
Carthage  have  not  the  less  merit  that  critics  have 
traced  in  them  the  famous  letter  written  by  Servius 
Sulpicius  to  Cicero  in  his  exile,  and  more  imme- 
diately a  passage  of  Sannazarius.  W.  H.  F. 
Kirkwall. 


COLLOQUIAL    CHANGES    OF   WORDS. 

In  a  communication  made  to  "  N.  &  Q."  (Vol.  ix., 
page  113.),  it  was  observed  that  many  colloquial 
mistakes  may  be  accounted  for  on  this  principle: 
a  word  is  purposely  exchanged  for  another  of 
similar  sound,  because  this  change  is  thought  by 
the  speaker  to  correct  an  error,  and  recover  a  lost 
meaning.  Sometimes  the  two  words  are  alike, 
more  or  less,  in  their  derivation ;  sometimes  they 
are  entirely  unlike  ;  e.  g.  Collection  is  like  Colla- 
tion :  on  the  other  hand,  there  is  a  certain  artichoke 
which  resembles  the  Passion-flower ;  the  latter  is 
called  by  the  Italians  Gira  al  Sole,  and  from  this 
phrase,  which  expresses  a  peculiarity  of  one  plant, 
real  or  fanciful,  the  Jerusalem  artichoke  takes  its 
name. 

The  following  dialogue  is  drawn  up  as  a  more 
lively  illustration,  than  a  mere  list  could  be,  of 
several  of  these  colloquial  mistakes :  — 

A.  Now  you  are  come  home,  let  us  hear  where 
you  have  been,  and  what  you  have  done. 

J3.  Well,  we  set  off  in  a  gig  from  the  Swan  with 
two  Necks  (=  nicks,  i.  e.  marks),  just  pulled  up  for 
half  an  hour  at  the  Bag  o'  Nails  (=Bacchanals), 
took  a  cold  collection  (=collation)  at  the  Heart 
and  Compass  (=Hart  encompassed),  and  staid 
there  all  the  next  day. 

A.  Did  they  feed  you  well  there  ? 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


241 


B.  Not  amiss;  the  forced  meat  was  good 
(=farced,  from/ara'o,  to  stuff),  so  was  the  goose- 
berry /t>0^(=foule,  from  fouler,  to  crush) ;  and  we 
had  a  vegetable  called  Labrador  Kali,  not  unlike 
sparrow-grass  (:=  asparagus). 

A.  Then,  next  day,  on  to  Blenheim,  I  suppose  ? 

B.  Yes;  there  we  saw  the  house,  park,  gardens, 
and  Partition  gallery  (:=  Titian).     That  evening 
our  misfortunes  began. 

A.  What  happened  ? 

B.  In  going  down  a  steep  hill  the  horse  fell ; 
one  of  the  sharps  (=shafts)  was  broken,  and  I 
was  thrown  out. 

A.  Very  ill-convenient  indeed  (= inconvenient); 
ease  of  doctor's  bill,  eh  ? 

B.  Not    exactly    that;    I    felt    some    spavins 
(=spasms)  in  my  chest  after  my  fall,  but  I  hap- 
pened to  know  the  surgeon  at  Bicton,  and  he  set 
me  to  rights  gracious  (^gratis). 

A.  You   mean   Cooper — I   know   him  too;    a 
brother  of  his  is  a  middy  on  board  the  Mehouse 
(=CEolus),  and  another  is  the  parson  at  Fudley- 
cum-Pipes. 

B.  I  do  not  know  that  brother ;  he  is  not  very 
wise,  is  he  ? 

A.  Not  very ;   hardly  knows  a   hawk  from  a 
hand-saw  (=heron-shaw)  ;  but  for  all  that  he  is 
a  good  fellow.     I  wish  he  had  the  benefit  (= bene- 
fice).    He  has  a  notion  of  music,  and  the  singing 
in  his  church  is  very  good  of  its  kind,  for  a  coun- 
try place — only  rather  tedious;   generally  four 
verses  and  the  glory  part  (=gloria  patri).     But 
how  long  were  you  in  the  doctor's  hands  ? 

B.  Not  long  ;  we  got  back  to  Common  Garden 
{=  Convent  Garden)  the  next  day  but  one. 

In  this  dialogue  no  colloquial  mistake  is  intro- 
duced which  I  have  not  myself  heard,  or  believed 
on  testimony.  One  of  the  examples  perhaps 
requires  explanation.  The  painted  sign  of  the  Stag 
surrounded  (by  hounds)  became  in  time  the  written 
sign  of  the  Heart  and  Compass.  The  same  mis- 
take occurs  in  the  following  colloquy  in  France  : — 

Traveller. — I  say,  cocher,  allez  au  Blanc  Cceur. 
Driver. — Oui,  monsieur,   mais   c'est  le   Grand 
Cerf,  peut-etre,  que  vous  cherchez. 

If  the  traveller  says,  as  he  sometimes  does, 
Cochon,  the  mistake  is  more  amusing,  and  also 
more  plain. 

Names  of  places  often  undergo  that  change 
which  has  been  illustrated  in  this  paper.  The 
following  examples  are  given  by  a  writer  in  the 
Quarterly  Review  for  March,  1854,  in  support  of 
his  observation,  that  alterations  are  commonly 
made  "  in  barbarous  countries  for  the  sake  of 
giving  some  apparent  meaning  to  a  word  whose 
original  signification  is  forgotten."  Beth-lehem 
(the  house  of  bread)  is  now  Beit-lahm,  the  house 
of  flesh ;  Beer-sheba  (the  well  of  the  seven)  is 
now  Ber-es-Seba,  the  well  of  the  lion.  In  Italy 


the  Ustica  cabans  of  Horace  is  now  Valle  Rustica, 
a  curious  coincidence  at  least,  if  not  an  inten- 
tional change. 

I  have  purposely  omitted  one  example  often 
quoted.  It  is  commonly  said  that  the  name  of 
Shotover  Hill,  near  Oxford,  is  a  corruption  of 
Chateau-vert.  But  another  account  of  that  name 
is  given  in  the  following  lines  by  George  Wither, 
published  about  1613  : 

"  Yet  old  Sir  Harry  Bath  was  not  forgot, 
In  the  remembrance  of  whose  wondrous  shot 
The  forest  by  (believe  it  they  that  will) 
Ketains  the  surname  of  Shotover  still." 

Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents  will  com- 
municate to  you  some  information  about  this 
"  wondrous  shot,"  and  answer  the  Query,  What  is 
the  probable  explanation  of  the  word  Shotover  ? 

J.  O.  B. 

Loughborongh. 


•Minor 

Queen  Elizabeth  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney.  — 
Among  the  objects  of  interest  exhibited  at  the 
Museum  of  the  Wilts  Archaeological  Society  at 
Salisbury  last  week,  was  a  lock  of  hair  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's,  which  was  found  some  time  since  at 
Wilton  House,  between  the  leaves  of  a  copy  of 
The  Arcadia. 

The  hair  is  light  brown,  approaching  to  auburn, 
certainly  not  red,  although  with  a  reddish  tinge. 
Its  authenticity  is  set  forth  in  a  paper  in  an  early 
hand,  which  states,  — 

"  This  Lock  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  own  Hair  was  pre- 
sented to  Sir  Philip  Sidney  by  Her  Majesty's  owne  faire 
hands,  on  which  He  made  these  verses,  and  gave  them  to 
the  Queen,  on  his  bended  knee.  Anno  Domini  1573." 

And  pinned  to  this  is  another  paper,  on  which, 
written  in  a  different  hand,  said  to  be  Sidney's 
own,  we  have  the  verses,  — 

"  Her  inward  worth  all  outward  show  transcends, 
Envy  her  merits  with  Regret  commends ; 
Like  sparkling  Gems  her  Virtues  draw  the  Sight, 
And  in  her  Conduct  she  is  alwaies  Bright. 
When  She  imparts  her  thoughts  her  words  have  force, 
And  Sense  and  Wisdom  flow  in  sweet  discourse." 

ANOM. 

Miracle  by  Saint  Villebrord:  Holland  once  a 
favourite  Seat  of  the  Druids.  —  It  was  formerly 
believed  by  devout  persons  that  a  tempest  in 
Holland  in  the  year  860,  which  stopped  the  mouth 
of  the  lihine,  near  Catvic,  was  brought  upon  the 
people  through  the  agency  of  Saint  Villebrord, 
bishop  of  Utrecht.  This  pious  ecclesiastic  being 
unable  to  convert  the  people  from  the  worship  of 
false  gods  to  whom  they  had  consecrated  their 
forests,  obtained  by  his  prayers  the  submersion  of 
all  the  trees,  so  that  they  might  not  serve  as  objects 
of  nocturnal  idolatries.  There  is  reason  to  believe 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  256. 


that  before  Holland  became  a  swamp  it  was  a  very 
woody  country,  and  that  Druidism  was  the  religion 
of  the  inhabitants.  The  early  history  of  the 
United  Provinces  is  involved  in  greater  obscurity 
than  that  of  any  other  part  of  civilised  Europe. 

TIMON. 

Monumental  Inscription. — I  transcribe  the  fol- 
lowing from  a  fly-leaf  of  Bishop  Wilkins'  Of  the 
Principles  and  Duties  of  Natural  Religion,  1704: 

"  A  gentleman  who  dy'd  desired  a  dial  to  be  erected 
above  his  grave,  under  which  are  to  be  ye  following 
verses : 

'No  Marble  pomp,  no  Monumental  Praise, 
My  Tomb  this  Dial ;  epitaph  these  lays. 
Pride  and  low  mould'ring  clay  but  ill  agree, 
Death  levels  me  to  beggars;  kings  to  me. 
Alive,  instruction  was  my  work  each  day ; 
Dead,  1  persist  instruction  to  convey. 
Here  Reader  mark  (perhaps  now  in  thy  prime) 
The  stealing  steps  of  never  ending  time: 
Thou'lt  be  what  I  am ;  catch  the  present  hour, 
Employ  that  well,  for  that's  within  thy  power.' " 

In  the  same  hand,  which  seems  cotemporary  with 
the  publication  of  the  book,  is  the  name  of  the 
owner,  perhaps  the  author  of  the  verse :  "  Tho. 
Ettis  JE.  cott  Jesus  C"  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Whimsical  Petition  to  James  I. — 

"  The  Lords  craved  all, 
The  Queene  graunted  all, 
The  Ladyes  of  honour  ruled  all, 
The  Lord  Keeper  seal'd  all, 
The  Intelligencer  mar'd  all, 
The  Parliament  pass'd  all, 
He  that  is  gone  opposed  himselfe  to  all, 
The  Bishops  soothed  all, 
The  Judges  pardon'd  all, 
The  Lord  Buy  Rome  spoyl'd  all. 
Now  good  King  mend  all, 
Or  els  the  Devil  will  have  all." 

Ashm.  MS.  No.  1730. 

Z.  z. 

Swift  and  Leap-year.  —  The  following  occurs 
in  the  Journal  to  Stella,  March  1,  1710-11  : 

"Morning.  1  have  been  calling  to  Patrick  to  look  in  his 
almanac  for  the  day  of  the  month ;  I  did  not  know  but  it 
might  be  leap-year.  The  almanac  says  it  is  the  third 
after  leap-year,  and  I  always  thought,  till  now  that  every 
third  year  was  leap-year.  I  am  glad  they  come  so  seldom"; 
but  I  am  sure  it  was  otherwise  when  I  was  a  young  man : 
I  see  times  are  mightily  changed  since  then." 

Swift  did  not  pick  up  much  ordinary  school 
learning  while  he  was  young ;  but  the  above  is 
almost  beyond  comprehension.  That  he  had  a 
good  head  for  figures,  and  for  expressing  propor- 
tions in  numbers,  any  one  who  has  been  with  him 
to  Lilliput  and  Brobdignag  will  not  fail  to  see. 
Possibly  he  might  have  picked  up  his  notion  in 
this  way,  Say  that  in  1679-80  he  happened  to 
see  the  almanac  (which  counted  1680  from  Janu- 
ary 1,  as  did  all  the  almanacs),  from  which  he 
would  learn  that  1680  is  leap-year.  Suppose  that 


in  1683-84  he  happened  to  note  February  29, 
from  the  common  parlance  of  those  about  him, 
as  falling  in  1683,  and  to  remember  that  the  last 
leap-year  was  in  1680.  With  such  a  departure 
he  might  live  in  the  belief  that  leap-year  comes 
every  three  years.  M. 

"  To  get  upon  one's  high  horse."  —  In  the  Me- 
moires  de  la  Baronne  Lf  Oberkirche,  published 
last  year  at  Paris,  by  her  grandson  the  Count  de 
Montbrison,  is  a  passage  (vol.  i.  p.  172.)  respecting 
the  corresponding  French  phrase  "  Monter  sur  ses 
grands  chevaux"  which  may  be  thus  rendered  : 

"  Lorraine  has  many  noble  families,  bearing  particular 
titles,  in  use  only  in  this  duchy.  The  four  principal 
families  are  called  the  Large  Horses,  which  are — D'Harau- 
court,  Le'noncourt,  Ligneville,  and  Du  Chatelet. 

"  The  second  class  of  chivalry,  families  which  descend 
from  these  through  females,  and  which  may  intermarry 
with  them  upon  an  equal  footing,  are  —  Stainville,  Ludre, 
SafFre'  d'Haussonville,  Labertie,  Gournay,  Fiquelmont 
d'Ourches,  Helmstadt,  Marie,  Mauleon,  Mercy,  &c." 

It  is  often  said  that  these  horses  are  quite  equal 
to  the  first  four,  and  that  these  little  horses  are 
sometimes  worth  more  than  the  large  horses,  whose 
pretensions  are  questionable.  Thence  the  expres- 
sion to  get  upon  one's  Kigh  horse.  UNEDA. 
Philadelphia. 


DID   THE   GREEK   PHYSICIANS   EXTRACT   TEETH? 

Having,  of  late,  devoted  a  few  leisure  hours  to 
the  several  subjects  connected  with  the  history  of 
dentistry,  the  question  struck  me  as  curious  — 
"whether  the  oldest  Greek  surgeons  extracted 
teeth,  and  where  the  first  notice  thereof  is  to  be 
found?"  That  the  Egyptians  paid  much  atten- 
tion to  dentistry,  I  learnt  from  the  following 
passage  of  Herodotus : 

"  The  art  of  medicine  is  thus  divided  amongst  them 
(the  Egyptians) :  each  physician  applies  himself  to  one 
disease  only,  and  no  more.  All  places  abound  in  physi- 
cians ;  some  physicians  are  for  the  eyes,  others  for  the 
head,  others  for  the  teeth,  and  others  for  internal  disorders." 
— Herod,  ii.  84. 

But  as  the  surgical  instruments  could  not  have 
been  made  but  of  steel  or  iron,  none  of  these 
apparatus  has  reached  us,  although  the  number  of 
various  other  utensils,  which  have  been  preserved, 
is  very  great. 

The  next  which  attracted  attention  were  the 
many  passages  of  Hippocrates  (Epidem.),  where 
be  speaks  of  maladies  of  the  teeth,  of  which  the 
following  are  a  sample  : 

:  With  a  child  suffering  from  phagedenic  affection,  the 
teeth  fell  out,  as  the  bone  (jaw)  had  become  hollow.  The 
wife  of  Aspasias  had  violent  toothache ;  the  jaw  swelled ; 
having  used  a  collutorium  of  castorium  and  pepper,  she 
was  relieved."  —  Epid.  \.  67.  "  Melesander,  the  gums 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QlTEKIES. 


243 


being  affected,  swollen,  and  very  painful,  he  was  bled  on 
the  arm ;  Egyptian  allum  helps  at  the  outset." — Epid.  v. 
69.  "  At  Candia,  the  child  of  Metradorus,  in  consequence 
of  toothache,  had  a  sphacelus  of  the  jaw;  overgrowing 
flesh  on  the  gums,  the  suppuration  was  middling,  the 
molar  teeth  and  the  jaw  fell  (off)."— Epid.  \.  100. 

Although  we  perceive  some  grave  cases  of  teeth 
maladies  have  been  mentioned,  we  find  not  the 
least  allusion  to  their  having  been  extracted,  for 
which,  nevertheless,  there  was  every  indication. 
After  some  inquiry,!  was  informed  that  there  exists 
a  passage  bearing  on  this  subject  in  Sprengel's  His- 
tory of  Medicine.  It  is  the  reference  to  a  text  of 
Ccelius  Aurelianus  *,  where,  speaking  of  the  tablets 
and  presents  offered  to  the  Greek  temples  by 
patients  who  have  been  cured,  he  says  : 

"  Even  surgical  instruments  were  bequeathed  by  the 
inventors  to  these  sacred  shrines  of  Medicine.  Thus, 
Erasistratus  presented  to  the  Delphic  Temple  of  Apollo 
an  instrument  for  extracting  teeth." 

And  the  passage  of  Csel.  Aurel.  contains  some  more 
interesting  allusion  to  that  subject. 

GEOEGB  HATES. 
Conduit  Street. 


iBttnar 

Dr.  Broome  (Vol.  x.,  p.  222.).  —  By  some  mis- 
take the  Query  which  I  proposed  to  put  respecting 
Dr.  Broome  in  my  communication  of  last  week 
was  omitted.  It  was,  whether  anything  is  known 
of  the  members  of  Dr.  Broome's  family  mentioned 
in  his  will ;  whether  they  have  any  descendants 
living,  and  if  so,  where  ?  T.  W.  BARLOW. 

Manchester. 

Latin  Poetry.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  inform 
me  whence  the  following  quotations  are  taken  ? 
They  are  all  given  in  Ford's  Illustrations  of  the 
Gospels. 

"Ecce  stat  innocuis  spinis  redimitus  acutis, 

^Emula  sunt  cujus  bella  labella  rosis: 
Et  vero,  Judaee,  illudis  arundine  Regi  ? 
Impie,  sed  nescio  te  mala  quanta  manent." 

On  St.  Matthew  xxvii.  28.,  p.  383. 

"  Lucus,  Evangelii  et  medicinae  munera  pandens, 

Artibus  hinc,  illinc  Religione,  valet  : 
Utilis  ille  labor,  per  quern  vixere  tot  segri ; 
Utilior,  per  quern  tot  didicere  mori !  " 

On  St.  Luke,  p.  2. 

"  Lux  vitse,  pastus  cordis,  portabile  ccelum, 
Immensum  in  parvo,  pagina  fceta  Deo : 
Nejam  Pierias  quisquam  mihi  praedicet  undas, 
Dulcius  e  vitae  fonte  bibuntur  aquae !  " 

On  St.  Luke  iv.  4,  p.  110. 
CPL. 

"  Talent : "  "  Conjuror"  — At  what  period  did 
the  word  "  talent "  obtain  its  modern  conventional 


*  Caelius  Aurelianus  de  morbis  acutis  et  chronicis,  Am- 
stelod.  1709,  4to. 


use,  in  lieu  of  its  old  classical  signification,  of  a 
weight  or  piece  of  money  ? 

May  I  ask  for  similar  information  as  to  the 
period  when  the  word  "  conjuror "  obtained  its 
present  signification  ?  W.  W.  E.  T. 

60.  Warwick  Square. 

Astronomical  Query.  —  Can  any  of  your  scien- 
tific readers  explain  why  the  sun  and  moon  ap- 
pear larger  when  near  the  horizon  than  when  high 
in  the  firmament  ?  Dr.  Lardner  (in  his  article 
on  Popular  Fallacies  in  vol.  i.  of  the  Museum  of 
Science  and  Art,  pp.  83.  and  84.)  appears  to 
render  the  subject  quite  unintelligible.  He  at- 
tempts to  explain  the  phenomenon,  although  he 
states  "  that  whatever  be  the  cause  of  the  illusion, 
the  apparent  magnitude  of  the  sun  or  moon  is  not 
greater  at  rising  or  setting  than  in  the  meridian." 
It  is  my  own  opinion  that  the  apparently  greater 
size  of  these  bodies  near  the  horizon  than  on  the 
meridian  is  the  effect  of  the  denser  medium 
through  which  they  are  seen.  It  is  well  known 
that  the  atmosphere  is  much  denser  near  the  sur- 
face of  the  earth  than  it  is  higher  up.  As  the 
rays  of  the  sun,  when  it  is  at  the  horizon,  have  to 
travel  through  a  much  larger  extent  of  this  dense 
air  near  the  surface  of  the  earth,  may  not  this  cir- 
cumstance affect  the  apparent  magnitude  of  the 
sun? 

I  would  be  glad  to  see  this  opinion  either  con- 
firmed or  refuted  by  some  of  your  more  scientific 
readers.  THOS.  REDMOND. 

Dublin. 

Chiselhurst  Church,  Kent. — A  curious  custom, 
existed,  less  than  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  this 
church,  of  hanging  the  walls  of  the  interior  with 
paper  garlands.  Does  this  custom  still  exist  ? 
and  what  was  the  origin  of  it  ? 

I  would  also  wish  to  know  if  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents could  inform  me,  if  there  be  any  monu- 
mental inscriptions  in  or  about  the  church  relating 
to  the  family  of  "  Snagg,"  who  for  some  years, 
towards  the  end  of  the  last  century,  resided  at 
Chiselhurst  ?  T.  W.  S. 

Dublin. 

Chevalier.  —  In  a  letter  from  Monsieur  de 
Guilleragues  (ambassador  to  Constantinople  in 
1684)  to  Racine,  occurs  the  following  allusion  to 
the  title  of  Chevalier  : 

u  Je  vous  ai  decouvert  qu'un  tresorier  de  France  prend 
le  titre  de  Chevalier  et  a  le  droit  honorable  d'etre  enterre 
avec  des  cperons  dare's." 

Can  any  one  inform  me  in  what  era,  and  for  what 
service,  the  title  of  Chevalier  was  originally  con- 
ferred upon  the  sons  of  France  ?  L.  A. 

Manchester. 

Phalanthus.  —  Can  any  one  inform  me  by. 
whom  the  following  beautiful  lines  were  written  ? 


244 


NOTES  AXD  QUERIES. 


[Xo.  256. 


They  have  recently  appeared  in  a  periodical  as  the 
production  of  an  anonymous  writer  of  the  day,  but 
as  I  well  recollect  seeing  them  in  print  many  years 
since,  although  I  cannot  call  to  mind  where,  I 
shall  be  glad  if  my  curiosity  can  be  gratified  and 
the  plagiarism  exposed  by  those  whose  memory 
may  be  better  than  mine. 

"  PHALANTHUS. 

"  From  Sparta  when  Phalanthus  roved, 

Doom'd  by  a  God's  decree, 
In  distant  lands  with  those  he  loved 
A  wanderer  to  be,  — 

"  A  wretched,  wandering,  restless  man, 

Until  he  should  espy, 
So  great  Apollo's  edict  ran, 
'  Rain  from  a  cloudless  sky.' 

"  Depress'd  by  long  and  anxious  thought 

And  wearisome  alarms, 
The  solace  of  his  wife  he  sought, 
And  slumber'd  in  her  arms. 

"  Smiling  with  joy  at  this  relief, 
She  watch'd  him  as  he  slept, 
Till  recollection  of  his  grief 
Came  on  her,  and  she  wept. 

"  But  soon  with  starts  and  broken  sighs 

The  Spartan  leader  woke, 
Look'd  upwards  in  her  tearful  eyes, 
And  thus  in  rapture  spoke : 

" '  Here,  here,  my  JSthra  will  I  rest, 

No  more  compell'd  to  roam, 
The  sunny  shower  bedews  thy  breast, 
And  marks  it  for  my  home.' " 

SENJEX. 

Motto  of  the  Thompsons  of  Yorkshire.  —  Can 
any  of  your  readers  help  me  to  discover  the 
legend  explaining  the  origin  of  the  motto  of  the 
Thompsons  of  Yorkshire  ?  The  family  is  an  old 
one,  although  the  name  is  common  ;  it  springs 
from  a  Lord  of  Thompson  in  Norfolk,  who  esta- 
blished a  chantry  there  temp.  Edward  L,  which 
was  afterwards,  as  Thompson  College,  endowed 
with  the  great  and  small  tithes,  with  other  pro- 
perty, which  it  held  until  the  dissolution.  The 
motto  is  "  Je  veux  de  bonne  guerre ; "  the  crest 
an  arm  in  armour  embossed  quarterly,  the  gaunt- 
let ppr.  holding  the  truncheon  of  a  broken  spear. 
The  arms  were  granted  about  A.D.  1630.  This 
inquiry  may,  perhaps,  lead  to  other  communi- 
cations respecting  mottoes  and  their  origin,  which 
cannot  but  be  interesting. 

ONE  OF  YOUR  SUBSCBIBERS. 

Hutcliinsori 's  "  Commercial  Restraints  of  Ire- 
land considered."  —  Can  you  give  me  any  in- 
formation respecting  the  following  statement  ? 
It  appeared  in  a  letter  from  Sir  V.  Blake,  Bart., 
M.P.,  to  the  editor  of  The  Times,  14th  February, 
1846;  and  has  been  lately  inserted  in  a  book- 
seller's catalogue  : 

"The  book  [Hutchinson's  Commercial  Restraints  of 
Ireland  considered^  to  which  I  allude  was  published  in 


1779  *,  and  almost  immediately  afterwards  suppressed  and 
burnt  by  the  common  hangman,  so  that  Mr.  Flood,  in  his 
place  in  the  House  of  Commons,  said  he  would  °ive 
iOOOJ.  for  a  copy." 

The  author  of  the  work  in  question  was  the 
Right  Hon.  John  Hely  Hutchinson,  Provost,  and 
also  parliamentary  representative,  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Dublin  ;  and  the  catalogue  from  which  I 
quote  has  been  issued  by  Mr.  T.  Connolly,  of  that 
city.  The  treatise  contains  much  powerful  ar- 
gument, and  many  strong  pictures  of  the  state  of 
the  country  antecedent  to  and  during  the  time 
of  which  the  author  writes.  ABHBA. 

Bowles.  —  What  song  is  meant  in  the  following 
passage  of  Thomas  Moore's  Diary,  date  November 
27,  1827?  — 

"  Bowles  spoke  (for  the  first  time  I  ever  heard  him  ac- 
knowledge it)  of  his  favourite  song ;  wrote  it  when  he  was 
about  twenty." 

UNEDA. 


iHtnar 


im'fl) 


Minstrel  Court  of  Cheshire.  —  The  following 
extract  is  from  the  Scots  Magazine  for  February, 
1743,  vol.  v.  p.  102.: 

"  Died,  Sir  John  Button  of  Sherbourn,  Gloucestershire. 
This  family  has  a  right  to  license  the  minstrels  in  the 
county  of  Chester,  for  which  a  court  is  kept  every  Mid- 
summer Day  ;  when  every  minstrel  summoned  pays  4d.  2g. 
(4£),  and  every  whore  that  follows  her  calling  4d.  ;  and 
those  so  licensed  are  excepted  in  the  old  statutes  and  in 
the  present  bill  relating  to  vagrants." 

Do  these  curious  customs  yet  exist  ?  G.  N. 

[The  curious  incidents  connected  with  this  "  Minstrel 
Court"  are  worthy  of  notice.  It  consisted  in  a  right  to 
license  all  the  minstrels  and  players  of  Cheshire  ;  and  none 
were  to  use  minstrelsy  within  Cheshire  or  the  city  of 
Chester,  but  by  order  and  licence  of  the  proprietor  of  the 
Dutton  estate.  The  privilege  was  granted  to  Roger  Lacy 
in  the  twelfth  century,  for  the  rescue  of  Ranulph,  Earl  of 
Chester,  when  closely  besieged  by  the  Welsh  in  his  castle 
of  Rhuddlan.  "  The  minstrels,"  says  an  old  account, 
"  by  their  music  and  their  songs,  so  allured  and  inspirited 
the  multitudes  of  loose  and  lawless  persons  then  brought 
together,  that  they  resolutely  marched  against  the  Welsh. 
Hugh  de  Dutton,  a  gallant  youth,  who  was  steward  to- 
Lacy,  put  himself  at  their  head.  The  Welsh,  alarmed  at 
the  approach  of  this  rabble,  supposing  them  to  be  a  regular 
body  of  armed  and  disciplined  soldiers,  instantly  raised 
the  siege,  and  retired  with  precipitation."  For  this  good 
service  Ranulph  granted  to  the  Lacys,  by  charter,  a  pecu- 
liar patronage  over  men  of  this  sort,  who  devolved  the  same 
again  upon  Dutton  and  his  heirs  (see  Sir  P.  Leycester's 
Antiquity  of  Cheshire,  p.  141.,  where  the  deed  of  grant 
from  Lacy  to  Hugh  de  Dutton  is  given  at  length).  It 
appears  by  a  quo  warranto,  brought  against  Lawrence 
Dutton,  Esq.,  in  1498,  found  in  the  records  of  Chester, 
that  it  was  the  custom  for  all  minstrels  in  Chester  to  meet 
the  Lord  of  Dutton  on  the  day  of  St.  John  the  Baptist, 
on  which  occasion  they  were  to  present  him  with  four 

["  There  was  also  an  edition  published  in  1780,  by 
T.  Longman,  in  Paternoster  Row.  —  ED.] 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


245 


flagons  of  wine  and  a  lance ;  and  he  was  entitled  to  re- 
ceive from  every  minstrel  the  sum  of  4id.,  and  de  qualibet 
tneretrice,  in  the  city  of  Chester,  officium  suutn  exercente, 
the  sum  of  4d.  In  the  Tabley  MS.  c.  143.,  will  be  found 
a  detail  of  the  solemnities  pursued  on  June  24,  1642. 
Some  years  before  the  courts  fell  into  desuetude,  they  had 
been  held  only  occasionally  at  intervals  of  four  or  five 
years.  The  fee  for  a  licence  was  2s.  6d.  In  the  last  court 
but  one,  held  in  1754,  there  were  only  twenty-one  licences 
granted.  The  last  court  was  held  in  1756,  by  R.  Lant, 
Esq.,  being  then  Lord  of  Dutton,  and  possessing  <  the 
advowry  of  the  minstrels  by  purchase.  See  Lysons' 
Magna  Britannia,  vol.  ii.  part  II.  p.  526.,  for  the  charge 
delivered  by  Mr.  Lant's  steward  at  one  of  the  last  courts ; 
and  also  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ii.,  p.  77.,  for  farther  particulars.] 

Bishop  BecMngton.  —  Can  you  inform  me  where 
I  could  obtain  a  copy  of  the  will  of  Bishop  Beck- 
ington  ?  I  am  aware  that  the  original  is  in 
Doctors'  Commons ;  but  I  find  that  the  fees  de- 
manded by  the  officials  there  (2Z.  2s.),  with  the 
charge  of  a  professed  transcriber  of  ancient  writ- 
ings, would  bring  the  total  cost  to  nearly  51.  I 
should  be  glad  to  pay  a  reasonable  sum  for  what 
I  want.  INA. 

Wells,  Somersetshire. 

[In  the  Catalogue  of  the  Bishops  of  Bath  and  Wells 
(in  Latin)  published  by  Hearne,  Oxon.  1732,  are  extracts 
from  this  document  so  ample,  that  they  seem  to  contain 
nearly  all  the  particulars  of  the  original  in  Doctors'  Com- 
mons. This  Catalogue  is  authentic,  as  our  learned  anti- 
quary informs  us  it  was  compiled  in  1595,  by  Francis 
Godwin,  Canon  of  Wells,  most  probably  the  author  of 
De  Praesulibus  Anglue.  If  our  correspondent  has  not 
access  to  this  Catalogue,  these  extracts  can  be  transcribed 
for  Cs.,  or  with  a  translation  for  12s.,  and  collated  with 
those  portions  of  the  will  given  in  Cassan's  Lives  of  the 
Bishops  of  Bath  and  Wells ;  Sir  Harris  Nicolas's  Memoirs 
of  Thomas  Beckington ;  Warner's  History  of  Bath ;  and 
Collinson's  Somersetshire.] 

Charles  I.,  his  Relics  at  Ashburnham. — From 
the  Scots  Magazine  for  October,  1743,  vol.  v. 
p.  479. : 

"  Died,  The  Hon.  Bertram  Ashburnham,  Esq.  He  be- 
queathed to  the  clerk  of  the  parish  of  Ashburnham  and 
bis  successors  for  ever,  the  watch  which  King  Charles  I. 
had  in  his  pocket  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  the  shirt 
he  then  wore,  which  has  some  drops  of  blood  on  it.  And 
they  are  deposited  in  the  vestry  of  the  said  church." 
Can  these  interesting  relics  be  still  produced  ? 

G.  N. 


Vol 

read,  that  "  in  the  chancel  of  Ashburnham  Church  are 
kept,  in  a  glass  case  lined  with  red  velvet,  some  relics  of 
the  unfortunate  Charles  I.  These  consist  of  the  shirt,  with 
ruffled  wrists  (on  which  are  a  few  faint  traces  of  blood)  in 
which  he  was  beheaded ;  his  watch,  which  at  the  place 
of  execution  he  gave  to  Mr.  John  Ashburnham  ;  his  white 
silk  drawers;  and  the  sheet  that  was  thrown  over  the 
body  after  the  execution.  These  articles  have  certainly 
been  carefully  preserved.  Long  were  they  treasured  up 
as  precious  relics,  fit  only  to  be  gazed  upon  by  the  devotees 
of  the  Icon  Basilike.  At  length,  howeveV,  the  charm 
was  broken  by  Bertram  Ashburnham,  Esq. ;  who,  in  1743, 
bequeathed  them  to  the  clerk  of  the  parish  and  his  suc- 


cessors for  ever,  to  be  exhibited  as  great  curiosities — may 
we  add,  pro  bono  publico."  In  a  note  Mr.  Horsfield  states 
that  "  the  superstition  of  the  last,  and  even  of  the  present 
age,  have  occasionally  resorted  to  these  relics  for  the  cure 
of  the  king's  evil."] 

Thomas  Fuller,  D.D.  — In  1658  he  was  pre- 
sented to  the  living  of  Cranford,  where,  in  1661, 
he  was  buried.  Was  this  Cranford  in  Middlesex ; 
or  either  of  the  two  parishes  so  named  in  North- 
amptonshire, near  which  (at  Aldwinkle)  he  was 
born  ?  I  have  sought  in  vain  for  any  memorial 
of  him  in  Cranford,  Northamptonshire.  It  is 
much  to  be  regretted  that,  by  the  death  of  Mr. 
Pickering,  we  lose  all  hope  of  a  republication  of 
any  more  of  his  valuable  works.  E.  G.  R. 

[Dr.  Fuller  was  buried  in  the  Church  of  Cranford  in 
Middlesex,  on  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel  of  which  is 
his  monument,  with  the  following  inscription :  —  "  Hie 
jacet  Thomas  Fuller,  e  collegio  Sydneiano  in  academia 
Cantabrigiense,  S.  S.  T.  D.  hujus  ecclesia?  rector ;  ingenii 
acumine,  memorise  felicitate,  morum  probitate,  omnigena 
doctrinfl,  (historia  prasertim),  uti  varia  ejus  summa  aaqua- 
nimitate  composita  testantur,  celleberrimus.  Qui  dum 
viros  Angliae  illustres  opera  posthumo  immortalitati  con- 
secrare  meditatus  est,  ipse  immortalitatem  est  consecutus, 
August  15,  1661."  A  good  Life  of  Tom  Fuller  would  be 
an  acquisition  to  our  biographical  literature.  Oldys,  no 
doubt,  made  the  most  of  his  materials  in  the  Biographia 
Britannica."] 

Dr.  William  Nicolson,  Bishop  of  Carlisle.  — 
Allow  me  to  inquire  through  the  medium  of 
"N.  &  Q.,"  if  within  the  last  twenty  or  thirty 
years  there  has  not  been  published  some  memoir 
of  the  right  reverend  prelate  above  named,  some 
new  edition  of  his  works,  in  short,  something  con- 
nected with  his  life  or  writings  ?  Any  information 
on  the  subject  will  greatly  oblige 

JOHN  o'  THE  FOBD. 

Malta. 

[Nothing  more  has  been  published  relating  to  Bishop 
Nicolson  since  1809,  when  Mr.  John  Nichols  edited  his 
Letters  on  Various  Subjects,  Literary,  Political,  and  Ec- 
clesiastical. A  popular  edition  of  the  historico-biogra- 
phical  labours  of  this  able  prelate  is  much  required.] 

Prostitution  a  religious  Ordinance.  —  It  is  stated 
in  Dixon's  Life  of  Penn,  p.  45.,  as  quoted  in  The 
Three  Days  of  Wensleydale,  by  W.  G.  M.  J. 
Barker,  Esq.,  p.  85.,  that  at  the  time  of  the  Great 
Rebellion,  "  in  more  than  one  part  of  the  country, 
prostitution  was  practised  as  a  religious  ordinance." 
What  is  the  authority  for  this  ?  K.  P.  D.  E. 

[Mr.  Dixon's  authority  is  "Mercurius  (section  '  Demo- 
craticus  ').  Nos.  1 — 30."  We  do  not  understand  this  re- 
ference. Among  the  King's  pamphlets  in  the  British 
Museum  is  Mercurius  Denwcritus,  the  first  number  of 
which  appeared  on  April  8,  1652."! 

Lempriere's  "  Universal  Biography."  —  Which 
is  the  latest  edition  of  this  work,  as  1  have  a  copy 
of  Cadell's  edition  of  1808  interleaved,  and  con- 
taining a  quantity  of  well-written  additions  and 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  256. 


corrections,  which  seem  to  have  been  intended  as 
the  basis  of  a  new  edition  ?  T.  W. 

Halifax. 

[There  was  an  8vo.  edition  published  by  Cadell  in 
1812.] 

SUpltaf. 

THE   INQUISITION. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  122.  137.) 

Having  been  at  Madrid  in  the  October  of  1820, 
and  visited  the  building  of  the  Inquisition,  I  was 
desirous  to  see  if  my  own  impressions  agreed  with 
those  in  ME.  WIFFEN'S  interesting  communication ; 
but  as  I  had  left  my  journal  in  Lincolnshire,  it 
was  only  a  few  days  ago  that  I  was  able  to  refer 
to  it.  The  following  is  a  short  abstract  of  my 
notes. 

On  the  right  hand  in  the  Calle  de  1'Inquisition 
was  a  ruinous  brick  building,  certainly  not  the 
vast-looking,  massive,  or  imposing  structure  that 
romance  readers  would  have  pictured  to  them- 
selves as  the  seat  of  the  Inquisition.  We  were 
told  that  the  populace  in  the  first  fury  of  the  late 
revolution  had  gutted  the  interior,  but  our  cu- 
riosity would  not  be  satisfied  without  a  personal 
inspection.  We  then  found  that  the  contracted 
frontage  gave  an  erroneous  impression  of  the 
size,  for  the  building  extended  backwards  to  a 
great  length,  and  the  passages  and^vaults  under- 
ground also  occupied  considerable  space. 

The  subterraneous  prisons  were  the  first  we 
entered,  small  cells  (on  each  side  of  a  long  pas- 
sage) about  six  feet  long,  and  barely  high  enough 
to  admit  standing  upright.  The  damp  was  hor- 
rible. The  people  had  turned  up  the  floor  in 
every  dungeon  for  the  purpose,  as  alleged,  of 
seeing  if  any  prisoners  had  been  buried  beneath. 
There  were  other  prisons  less  revolting,  not  being 
so  contracted,  and  receiving  light  through  a 
grating.  The  chamber  of  suspicion,  i.  e.  for 
persons  only  suspected,  was  on  one  side  of  an 
interior  court,  and  had  a  grated  window  high  in 
the  wall. 

We  were  shown  several  chambers  of  torture, 
each  being  adapted  to  some  different  device.  They 
were  all  underground,  without  light,  and  removed 
as  much  as  possible  from  human  hearing.  All  the 
instruments  of  torture  were  now,  our  guides  said, 
locked  up  in  the  upper  rooms  of  the  building. 
They  volunteered  information  of  what  had  been, 
which  must  be  taken  for  what  it  may  be  worth. 
In  one  chamber  they  pointed  out  the  place  where 
an  instrument  had  been  fixed  by  which  the 
sufferer,  being  pinioned  to  the  wall,  underwent 
the  torture  of  water  dropping  slowly  and  regularly 
on  the  head  till  he  expired.  Close  by  this  had 
been  a  machine  worked  by  mechanism,  where  a 
hammer  repeated  gentle  blows  on  the  temples  till 


the  same  effect  was  produced.  In  another  vault 
a  seat  was  placed  between  four  stoves,  to  which 
the  accused  being  fixed,  underwent  the  punish- 
ment of  slow  roasting.  A  niche  in  a  third  room 
was  asserted  to  be  for  the  purpose  of  walling  up 
alive.  In  several  chambers  there  were  beams  still 
existing  which  the  guides  declared  were  used  for 
suspending  the  unfortunates  by  the  arms  or  legs. 
Lastly,  we  entered  what  was  called  the  Campo 
Santo,  which  was  a  vaulted  room  larger  than  the 
rest,  and  used  for  the  burial  of  the  victims.  We 
were  forced  to  creep  into  this  place  by  a  hole  in 
the  wall,  for  the  narrow  staircase  which  led  down 
into  it  had  been  closed  by  the  order  of  govern- 
ment. The  ground  here  was  turned  up  in  every 
direction  in  the  search  for  bodies  after  the  revo- 
lution. In  one  of  the  most  interior  courts,  about 
ten  feet  square,  into  which  no  window  opened,  and 
which  at  the  depth  of  this  lofty  building  looked 
more  like  the  bottom  of  a  well,  the  prisoner 
allowed  to  take  the  air  was  turned  out  to  pace 
round  and  round.  We  suspected  great  exag- 
geration in  what  our  guides  said  about  the  number 
of  inmates  that  had  been  released,  and  never  ob- 
tained any  authentic  information  on  this  point. 

So  far  my  notes  assist  me,  and  at  this  distance 
of  time  I  do  not  choose  to  add  anything  from 
memory.  The  apartment  named  to  us  as  the 
Campo  Santo,  is  corroborated  as  to  its  purpose  by 
the  description  of  MR.  WIFFEN'S  informant,  who 
visited  it  six  months  previous  to  us ;  but  the  altar 
in  that  time  seems  to  have  been  removed.  The 
moist  chalk  he  speaks  of  was  probably  the  quick- 
lime used  at  burials.  The  trap-door  we  were  not 
shown.  MONSON. 

Burton  Hall. 


FRENCH   LITERATURE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  320.) 

It  has  sometimes  occasioned  surprise  that  Cou- 
sin should  seem  of  late  to  have  abandoned  philo- 
sophy, and  to  be  devoting  all  his  attention  to  the 
literary  history  and  religious  biography  of  France 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
The  following  extract  from  his  new  volume,  La 
Marquise  de  Sable,  contains  his  reply  to  the  public 
expression  of  curiosity  respecting  the  cause  of  this 
new  phase  in  his  literary  life,  and  will  be  read 
with  the  highest  interest : 

"  D'austferes  censeurs  nous  demanderont  peut-  etre  pour- 
quoi  a  notre  age  nous  derobons  &  la  philosophic  le  peu 
d'heures  qui  nous  restent  et  les  perdons  sur  de  pareils 
travaux.  Notre  reponse  sera  bien  simple :  nous  ne  con- 
side'rons  pas  la  litterature  comme  une  chose  frivole ;  loin 
de  la,  nous  la  croyons  tout  aussi  serieuse  que  la  philo- 
sophic et  presque  aussi  puissante  sur  le  coeur  et  1'imagi- 
nation  que  la  religion  elle-meme.  Helas !  de  nos  jours, 
quelle  n'a  pas  etc  1'influence  d'une  litterature  depravee, 
complaisante  a  la  faiblesse  et  au  vice!  N'avons  nous  pas 
vu  naguere,  en  quelque  sorte  a  1'ordre  du  jour,  dans  leg 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


247 


romans,  dans  la  poesie  meme  et  sur  le  theatre,  le  denigre- 
ment  de  toute  autorite,  1'insulte  prodiguee  &  tout  ce  qui 
etait  eleve'  a  un  titre  ou  a  un  autre,  la  Royaute  calomniee 
et  travestie,  les  gloires  du  passe  avilies  dans  des  recits 
mensongers,  les  maux  trop  reels  du  peuple  exagere's  et 
envenimes  a  ses  yeux  dans  le  dessin  manifesto  de  les  lui 
rendre  insupportables ;  la  liberte  si  cherement  achete'e  par 
nos  peres,  repudiee,  comme  un  present  inutile  sans  un  e*ga- 
lite'  chime'rique,  sans  les  satisfactions  de  la  vanite'  et  de  la 
fortune ;  le  Christianisme  traite  de  superstition  surannee ; 
Tart  re'duit  au  role  de  serviteur  de  la  fantaisie  et  des  sens ; 
1'amour  meme  d&honore;  et,  au  lieu  de  Chimene  et  de 
Pauline,  de  Be're'nice  et  de  la  Princesse  de  Cleves,  les 
Marquises  de  la  Regence  et  les  heroines  de  la  Revolution 
offertes  a  1'imitation  de  nos  soeurs  et  de  nos  femmes  ?  A 
cette  conspiration  de  la  licence  et  du  mauvais  gout  ne 
serait-il  pas  temps  d'opposer  celle  de  1'art  veritable  et 
d'une  litterature  geneYeuse,  digne  fille  de  celle  qui  in- 
augurerent  au  commencement  de  notre  siecle  1'auteur  de 
Corinne  et  de  V Allemagne,  le  chantre  du  Genie  du  Chris- 
tianisme, et  celui  des  Meditations  ?  Pour  nous,  en  meme 
temps  que  nous  essayons  de  rappeler  la  jeunesse  Francaise 
au  culte  du  vrai,  du  bien  et  du  beau,  et  qu'au  nom  d'une 
saine  philosophic  nous  ne  cessons  de  combattre  le  mate- 
rialisme  et  1'atheisme  de  nouveau  repandus  dans  le  monde 
par  les  derniers  et  extravagans  systemes  de  la  metaphy- 
sique  Allemande,  il  nous  a  paru  que  ces  e'tudes  sur  les 
femmes  illustres  et  la  societe'  du  dix-septieme  siecle  pour- 
raient  servir  a  inspirer  aux  generations  presentes  le  senti- 
ment et  le  gout  d'autres  mceurs,  d'une  autre  vie,  d'autres 
salons,  leur  faire  connaitre,  honorer  et  aimer  un  autre 
France,  puissante  au  dehors,  et  au  dedans  anime'e  et  vi- 
vante,  guerriere  et  litteraire  tout  b,  la  fois,  ou  les  femmes 
«?taient,  ce  semble,  assez  belles  et  excitaient  d'ardentes 
amours,  mais  des  amours  dignes  du  pinceau  de  Corneille, 
de  Racine,  et  de  Mme.  de  La  Fayette,  une  France,  en  un 
mot,  qu'il  ne  fallait  pas  renverser  en  un  jour  de  fond  en 
comble,  mais  clever  et  perfectionner  encore  en  lui  donnant 
la  liberte",  cette  noble  compagne  de  la  religion,  de  la  phi- 
losophic et  des  arts." — V.  Cousin. 

J.  M. 

Oxford. 


OCCASIONAL  FORMS  OF  PEAYEE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  404.) 

The  following  may  be  added  to  your  lists,  if  not 
In  ME.  LATHBURY'S,  or  some  other  list,  which  is 
now  before  me : 

Fast.    April  5,  1665. 

Thanksgiving  for  the  late  Victory.  June  20  and  July  4, 
1665. 

Fast.  February  28,  1794.  An  edition  printed  at  Bed- 
ford. 

For  the  King's  Recovery.    1830. 

During  Pestilence.     1831. 

Thanksgiving  on  becoming  free  therefrom.     1832. 

Thanksgiving  for  the  Preservation  of  the  Queen.  June, 
1840. 

Thanksgiving  on  the  Birth  of  a  Princess.  November, 
1840. 

Service  and  Anthems  at  the  Funeral  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington. November  18,  1852. 

Thanksgiving  on  the  Birth  of  a  Prince.     1853. 

Fast.    April  28,  1854. 

For  other  Notes  on  the  subject  of  Occasional 
Forms,  see  Liturgical  Services,  temp.  Elizabeth 


(Parker  Soc.),  pp.  xxxiii. — xxxvi.,  and  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  July,  1829.       W.  P.  STOREE. 
Olney,  Bucks. 

I  have  before  me  an  Occasional  Form  of  Prayer 
which  is  not,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  included  in 
the  list  given  by  MR.  LATHBURY,  Vol.  viii.,  p.  535., 
nor  in  that  of  ABHBA,  Vol.  ix.,  p.  404.  It  is  en- 
titled— 

"  A  Forme  of  Prayer  with  Thankesgiving,  to  be  vsed  of 
all  the  Kings  Maiesties  louing  Subjects  euery  yeere  the  24 
of  March :  Being  the  day  of  his  highnesse  entry  to  this 
kingdome.  Set  forth  by  Authentic." 

The  title  is  in  Roman,  but  the  remainder  in 
black  letter.  After  the  introductory  verse  of 
Scripture  (1  Tim.  ii.  1.)  there  follows  a  rubrical 
notice,  thus : 

"  You  shall  understand,  that  everything  in  this  booke 
is  placed  in  order,  as  it  shall  be  used,  without  turning  to 
and  fro,  saving  the  two  lessons  taken  out  of  the  Olde 
Testament,  of  which  you  may  chuse  either  as  you  thinke 
best  for  the  first  lesson,"  &c. 

Then  is  given  the  whole  of  the  Morning  Service, 
in  order  as  it  is  read ;  and  I  cannot  but  think  that 
a  young  clergyman,  somewhat  nervous,  or  a  not 
very  literate  clerk,  would  prefer  such  a  form  to 
what  we  now  have,  with  the  frequent  rubrical 
directions  of  "  after  the  prayer,"  and  "  instead  of," 
&c. 

It  is,  I  think,  remarkable  that  the  two  special 
prayers  are  only  optional.  The  form  has  "A 
Prayer  for  the  King's  Maiestie,"  the  usual  prayer, 
"  O  Lord,  our  heavenly  Father,  high  and  mightie, 
King  of  kings,"  &c.  Then,  after  the  rubric,  "  Or 
this"  follows  a  long  and  sufficiently-laudatory 
special  prayer.  So  also  in  the  Communion  Ser- 
vice, there  is  given  the  prayer,  "  Almighty  God, 
whose  kingdom  is  everlasting  and  power  infinite," 
&c.  Then,  after  the  rubric,  "  Or  this"  follows  a 
special  prayer.  Another  special  prayer  follows 
that  "  For  the  whole  state  of  Christ's  Church." 

S.  S.  S. 


Add  the  following : 

Thanksgiving.    Series  of  signal  and  glorious  Victories. 

1813. 

Coronation  Service.     Queen  Victoria.     1838. 
Thanksgiving.     Birth  of  a  Prince.     1853. 
Prayer.    Assistance  on  our  Arms.    1854. 

J.  W.  HEWETT. 


CELEBRATED   WAGEES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  450.) 

In  attempting  to  string  together  a  few  notes  in 
answer  to  the  Query  of  C.  CLIFTON  BARRY,  the 
difficulty  is  felt  not  so  much  to  adduce  notorious 


248 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  256. 


instances  in  which  these  "fools'  arguments,"  as 
Butler  pithily  terms  them,  — 

"  Quoth  she, '  I've  heard  old  cunning  stagers 
Say,  fools  for  arguments  use  wagers.' " 

Hudibras,  part  n.  canto  i. 

have  been  resorted  to,  as  to  avoid  recording  those 
which  "  the  ordinary  channels  of  information," 
centos  of  anecdote,  and  collections  of  Ana,  may  al- 
ready have  made  him  acquainted  with.  The  fol- 
lowing, however,  may  not  hitherto  have  come 
beneath  his  notice. 

The  celebrated  epistolographer,  James  Howell, 
after  dilating,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend,  upon  the 
wondrous  medicinal  and  other  properties  of  the 
then  novelty,  tobacco,  observes : 

"  If  one  would  try  a  petty  conclusion  how  much  smoke 
there  is  in  a  pound  of  tobacco,  the  ashes  will  tell  him ; 
for  let  a  pound  be  exactly  weighed,  and  the  ashes  kept 
charily  and  weighed  afterwards,  what  wants  of  a  pound 
weight  in  the  ashes,  cannot  be  denyed  to  have  been  smoke 
which  evaporated  into  air.  I  have  been  told  that  Sir 
W.  Rawleigh  won  a  wager  of  Queen  Elizabeth  upon  this 
nicety."  —  Epistolce  Ho-Eliarue,  9th  ed.,  p.  418. 

The  learned  Menage  appears  to  have  been  not 
unfriendly  to  this  mode  of  deciding  a  dispute  : 

"  Nous  sommes,"  says  he,  "  de  grands  parieurs  a  Angers. 
Je  dis  souvent,  Ilfaut  parier  ou  se  taire,  et  c'est  une  facon 
de  parier  commune  parmi  nous.  Je  disais  un  jour  &  M.  le 
premier  President  de  Lamoignon,  ces  paroles  de  Marc 
Aurele,"  &c._ 

He  then  proceeds  to  narrate  how  he  made  and 
won  a  wager  with  the  President  as  to  the  correct- 
ness of  his  quotation.  (Menagiana,  torn.  ii.  p.  362.) 
Popular  tradition  has  long  associated  the  as- 
sumption of  the  Ulster  badge  —  the  bloody  hand 
—  by  the  Holte  family  of  Aston,  with  a  barbarous 
murder,  committed  at  the  commencement  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  by  Sir  Thomas  Holte  upon 
his  cook,  by  splitting  open  his  head  with  a  cleaver. 
It  need  not  be  said  that  the  assumption  of  the 
badge  has  no  connexion  whatever  with  this  cir- 
cumstance, which  may,  or  may  not,  have  occurred : 

"  The  most  probable  tradition,"  says  Mr.  Atkinson,  the 
historian  of  the  family,  "  of  the  cause  of  the  commission 
of  the  crime  is,  that  Sir  Thomas,  when  returning  from 
hunting,  in  the  course  of  conversation,  laid  a  wager  to 
some  amount,  as  to  the  punctuality  of  his  cook,  who, 
most  unfortunately,  for  once  was  behind  time.  Enraged 
at  the  jeers  of  his  companions,  he  hastened  into  the 
kitchen,  and  seizing  the  first  article  at  hand,  avenged 
himself  on  his  domestic."  —  History  of  the  Holies  of  Aston, 
Birmingham,  1854,  p.  25. 

Wagers  to  an  immense  amount  were  laid  at  the 
latter  end  of  last  century,  as  to  the  sex  of  that 
epicene  notoriety,  the  Chevalier  D'Eon.  One  of 
these  became  the  subject  of  judicial  decision.  The 
cause  came  on,  1st  July,  1777,  in  the  Court  of 
King's  Bench,  before  Lord  Mansfield  and  a  special 
jury  at  Guildhall.  It  appeared  that  the  plaintiff 
had  paid  the  defendant  one  hundred  guineas,  for 
which  the  defendant  had  signed  a  policy  of  in- 


surance to  pay  the  plaintiff  seven  hundred  guineas 
whenever  he  could  prove  that  the  Chevalier 
D'Eon  was  a  female.  After  hearing  the  evidence, 
which  was  "  too  indelicate  to  be  mentioned,"  Lord 
Mansfield,  after  expressing  his  abhorrence  of  the 
transaction,  and  a  wish  that  it  had  been  in  his 
power,  in  concurrence  with  the  jury,  to  make  both 
parties  lose,  stated,  that  as  the  wager  was  laid, 
and  wagers  were  not  expressly  prohibited  by  law, 
the  question  before  them  was,  Who  had  ivonf 
His  lordship  farther  observed  that  the  indecency 
of  the  proceeding  arose  more  from  the  unnecessary 
questions  asked,  than  from  the  case  itself;  that 
the  witnesses  had  declared  that  they  perfectly 
knew  the  Chevalier  to  be  a  woman  ;  that  if  she  is 
not  so  they  are  certainly  perjured  ;  that  there  was 
no  need  of  inquiring  how,  and  by  what  method^ 
they  knew  it ;  and  finally,  that  he  was  of  opinion 
that  the  jury  must  find  a  verdict  for  the  plaintiff. 
The  jury,  without  going  out  of  court,  after  con- 
sulting about  two  minutes,  gave  a  verdict  for  the 
plaintiff  of  seven  hundred  pounds  and  forty 
shillings.  Besides  this,  the  plaintiff,  Mr.  Hayes, 
recovered  three  thousand  pounds  on  other  policies ; 
and  it  was  asserted  that  immense  sums  depended 
on  the  decision  in  the  suit. 

As  this  is  a  subject  which  comes  within  the 
reading  and  knowledge  of  all,  I  will  not  now  en- 
croach farther  on  space  which  will  probably  be 
demanded  by  other  correspondents  ;  and  conclude 
with  a  reference  to  No.  145.  of  The  Spectator,  in 
which  the  practice  of  laying  wagers  is  humorously 
exposed.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 


ANGLO-SAXON   TYPOGRAPHY. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  183.) 

It  is  very  gratifying  to  hear  that  a  man  of 
talent  and  energy  like  DR.  GILES,  a  "double  first" 
Oxford  man,  has  "a  plan  for  printing,  in  one 
uniform  edition,  all  the  remains  of  Anglo-Saxon 
literature."  I  heartily  wish  him  success.  In  such 
a  work  the  Roman  alphabet  should  doubtless  be 
used,  for  what  has  been  called  the  Anglo-Saxon 
alphabet  was  never  peculiar  to  the  Anglo-Saxons ; 
but  it  was  the  character  in  which  the  scribes  of 
that  age  wrote  Latin  and  other  languages.  The 
Anglo-Saxons,  however,  had  peculiar  sounds,  and 
for  these  sounds  they  naturally  employed  distinct 
characters,  the  J>,  th,  and  ft,  dh,  the  former  repre- 
senting the  hard,  and  the  latter  the  soft  sound. 
We  still  retain  both  these  sounds  in  the  present 
English,  but  we  inadequately  express  them  by  our 
clumsy  th.  Well  might  the  eminent  Rask  say : 
"  The  rejection  of  \>  and  ft  from  the  English  al- 
phabet is  to  be  much  regretted."  It  must  be 
observed  also,  that  the  Anglo-Saxons  denoted  the 
long  sound  of  all  their  vowels  by  marks  or  accents 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


over  them.  As  these  appear  to  me  to  be  essential, 
I  would  adopt  them  in  printing,  as  the  scribes  did 
in  writing.  To  give  a  full  detail  of  my  reasons, 
would  occupy  more  room  than  you  can  spare.  I 
will  therefore  confine  myself  to  general  and  very 
brief  answers  to  the  two  objections  mentioned  by 
DK.  GILES. 

I.  Accents.  —  If  by  accent  we  mean  a  mark  to 
denote  the  sound  or  length  of  a  vowel,  as  I  think 
we  must  in  this  case,  then  I  would  ask  if  DR. 
GILES  will  affirm,    "  It  is  not  a  feature  of  the 
English  language  to  employ  accents."     Look  only 
at  a  few  Anglo-Saxon  words  and  their  English 
cognates  :  dal,  a  dale  ;  hdl,  hale  ;  tarn,  tame ;  her, 
here ;  lif,  life  ;  mil,  a  mile  ;  scir,  shire  ;  wid,  wide  ; 
win,  wine  ;  for,  fore  ;  and  numerous  other  words 
ending  in  silent  e.     What  is  the  final  e  but  the 
mark  or  letter  denoting  the  long  sound  of  the  pre-  . 
ceding  vowel  ?     We  appear  to  have  derived  this 
lengthened   and  bungling  manner  of  expressing 
the  length  of  vowels  from  the  Normans.     They 
sometimes  denoted  the  long  vowel  by  inserting  a 
fresh  vowel,  or  by  doubling  the  short  one,  as,  dc, 
an  oak ;  dr,   an  oar ;  brad,  broad ;  bat,  a  boat ; 
ran,  rain  ;  rdd,  a  road ;  swan,  a  swain  ;  ful,  foul ; 
hus,    house ;    mus,   mouse ;  boc,    a   book ;    coc,    a 
cook  ;  god,  good ;  sped,  speed ;  kel,  heel ;  gos,  a 
goose  ;  ges,  geese.     Compare  the  simple  mode  of 
lengthening  all  the  vowels  by  the  Anglo-Saxons, 
with  the  confused  and  tedious  manner  of  their 
Norman  successors.     With  us,  in  the  present  day, 
there    is   no   remedy ;    but   surely,    in    printing 
Anglo-Saxon,  the  accents  ought  not  to  be  omitted ; 
it  distinguishes  words  and  gives  precision  to  them. 
DR.  GILES  thinks  "  the  context  does  this  suffi- 
ciently."    But  the  practice  of  the  Anglo-Saxons 
and  the  Normans,  and  of  the  English  down  to  the 
present  day,    is   against  him.     Thus  we  find,  — 
bat,  a  bat  or  club ;  bat,  a  boat ;  coc,  a  cock ;  coc, 
a  cook ;  ful,  full ;  ful,  foul.     Now,  if  the  accent 
be  omitted  in  the  Anglo-Saxon,  the  letter  supply- 
ing its  place  may  also ;  then  there  would  be  no 
distinction  between  full  and  foul,    and  ful  sacc 
might  mean  a  full  or  a  foul  sack.     But  DR.  GILES 
would  reject  them  because,  he  says,  "  there  is  no 
certain  rule  observed "  in  the  application  of  the 
accents.     It  is  true  that  the  Norman  scribes  and 
their  scholars  made  sad  confusion  in  accenting  the 
Anglo-Saxon  works  which  they  transcribed.     But 
surely  their   ignorance   or   carelessness   will   not 
justify  us  in  discarding  Anglo-Saxon  accents  al- 
together, especially  since  a  careful  observer  may 
discover  some  certain  principles  in  the  midst  of 
apparent  confusion.     On  this  subject  the  works 
of  Rask,  and  Grimm,  and  Bopp  must  be  carefully 
studied.     But  I  must  now   advert  to  the   other 
subject. 

II.  \>  th,  and  ft  dh.  —  DR.  GILES'S  theory  is,  that 
these  characters   were  introduced  by  Theodore, 
and  were  of  Greek  origin.     If  so,  how  was  it  that 


J>  and  ft  were  both  used  by  the  Danes  in  times  so 
early,  that  they  could  not  have  heard  of  Theodore? 
By  the  Danes  these  characters  were  carried  to 
Iceland,  where  }>  has  always  had  the  hard,  and  ft 
the  soft  sound  of  our  th.  There,  free  from  the 
changes  which  have  harassed  more  genial  climes, 
their  language  and  writing  have  undergone  little 
or  no  change  for  ages  ;  and,  even  at  this  day,  an 
Icelander  can  read  their  earliest  writings  without 
difficulty. 

Our  forefathers,  the  Anglo-Saxons,  had  two 
sounds  of  th  while  in  their  continental  home  on 
the  north-west  corner  of  Germany.  Their  lan- 
guage is  called  Old  Saxon.  Rask  says  : 

"  In  Old  Saxon  >  (tfi)  is  always  found  at  the  beginning 
of  words,  where  the  Icelandic  has  J> ;  but  the  Cottonian 
MS.  has  commonly  cf,  and  the  Cod.  Bamberg.  (which 
Schmeller  calls  '  Heliand.  Poema  Saxonicum,  seculi  noni ') 
has  a  simple  d  in  the  middle  and  end  of  words,  represent- 
ing, no  doubt,  the  Icel.  ft.  It  is  manifest  that  the  Anglo- 
Saxon,  as  well  as  the  Icel.  ]>,  are  from  the  Runic  }>." 

Here  we  have  the  J>  and  ft,  both  used  in  Denmark 
and  Iceland  in  the  earliest  times ;  and  these  let- 
ters, or  their  representatives,  are  found  in  a  MS. 
of  the  ninth  century  in  the  Old  Saxon  dialect 
of  the  country  from  which  the  Anglo-Saxons 
came  to  Britain.  The  theory  relative  to  Theo- 
dore therefore  falls  to  the  ground,  and  with  it  the 
stronghold  of  DR.  GILES.  The  confounding  of 
£  and  ft  by  the  Norman  and  other  southern  scribes, 
chiefly  employed  as  writers  in  this  country,  can- 
not be  surprising,  when  we  remember  that  they 
had  not  the  sound  of  our  th  in  their  own  language, 
and  that  in  writing  Greek  they  were  accustomed 
to  use  a  variety  of  characters  to  represent  the 
theta.  But  their  confusion  of  f>  and  ft  in  this 
country,  is  no  proof  that  the  two  sounds,  and  the 
characters  representing  them,  did  not  exist.  We 
have  seen  that  \>  and  ft,  and  their  distinct  sounds, 
were  used  by  the  Icelanders  and  Old  Saxons  ;  and, 
doubtless,  by  the  direct  descendants  of  the  Old 
Saxons,  the  Angle,  Engle,  or  English- Saxons, 
from  whom  they  have  come  down  to  us.  In  like 
manner,  the  clumsy  and  circuitous  Norman  mode 
of  indicating  long  vowels  by  postfixing  or  inserting 
other  vowels,  is  no  proof  that  the  Anglo-Saxons 
did  not  effect  this  by  the  much  more  simple 
process  of  an  accent  over  the  vowels.  If  the 
Anglo-Saxons  used  accented  vowels,  as  well  as  > 
and  ft,  to  denote  definite  sounds,  surely  it  would  be 
great  presumption  in  us  to  reject  them  in  printing 
their  writings.  I  would  therefore  strongly  urge 
DR.  GILES  to  use  them  in  his  proposed  work. 

It  must  be  acknowledged  that  the  Germans, 
with  all  their  ingenuity  and  learning,  have  seemed 
to  mystify  the  Anglo-Saxon  accents  by  their  com- 
plication ;  and  even  Rask  appears  to  have  been 
biassed  by  associating  the  Anglo-Saxon  too  closely 
with  the  Scandinavian  tongues.  We  must  ever 
remember  that  what  we  are  speaking  of  is  not 


250 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  256. 


German,  but  Angle,  or  English-Saxon — the  lan- 
guage brought  into  this  country  by  the  Jutes, 
Angles,  and  Saxons,  but  matured  and  written  in 
England.  Not  only  five-eighths  of  the  words  of 
our  present  English  are  from  Anglo-Saxon,  but 
our  chief  peculiarities  of  structure  and  of  idiom 
are  from  the  same  source  :  in  everything  relating 
to  Anglo-Saxon,  English  affords  better  analogies, 
and  a  surer  guide,  than  the  present  German  or 
Danish.  An  admirable  Essay  on  this  subject,  by 
Henry  Rogers,  will  be  found  in  the  Edinburgh 
Beview  for  October,  1839,  p.  221. 

If  DB.  GILES  would  prefer  precise  rules,  I  think 
the  substance  of  what  I  have  stated  may  be  com- 
prised in  the  two  following  : 

1.  Accent  the  Anglo-Saxon  long  vowels  accord- 
ing to  the  oldest  and  best  MSS. ;  and,  in  doubtful 
cases,  refer  to  the  present  English  and  its  dialects. 

2.  Let  the   hard  J>  be  generally  used  at  the 
beginning,  and  the  soft  "5  at  the  end  of  words  and 
syllables.     Where  th  is  soft,  at  the  beginning  of 
English  words,  derived  immediately  from  Anglo- 
Saxon,  let  such  Anglo-Saxon  words  have  "3  at  the 
beginning. 

But  what  I  should  still  prefer,  would  be  to  have 
the  Anglo-Saxon  text  most  accurately  printed 
from  the  oldest  and  best  MSS.,  carefully  observ- 
ing all  the  accents  as  well  as  J>  and  S,  and  giving 
the  various  readings  of  all  the  other  MSS.  in 
notes.  Clerical  errors  should  be  corrected  in  the 
text,  but  never  without  a  note  on  the  subject. 
This  edition  would  then  serve  for  critical  pur- 
poses, as  it  would  give  the  readings  of  all  the 
MSS.  SOB. 


HOLT- LOAF   MONET. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  150.  256.  568. ;  Vol.  x.,  p.  133.) 

Ms.  COLMS  will  find  some  account  of  the  "  holy 
bread"  in  Martene  de Ritibus,  torn. iii.  pp.24. 110. 
193.  and  202.  (edit.  Venice,  1783).  Villanueva, 
in  his  Viage  literario  a  las  iglesias  de  Espaha 
(tomo  i.  pp.  163, 164.),  says  : 

"  Todos  los  codices  sacramentarios,  hasta  los  del  siglo 
xvi,  preseriben  en  el  ordinario  de  la  misa  la  bendicion  del 
pan  al  tiempo  del  ofertorio  en  los  domingos.  Y  que  esto 
se  hiciese  para  repartirle  entre  los  fieles,  lo  indica  el  final 
de  la  oracion,"  &c. 

And  again : 

"  En  las  aldeas  y  aun  en  algunas  Iglesias  de  esta  citulad 
[Valencia]  se  lleva  al  templo  una  torta  grande  de  pan,  la 
qual  se  bendice  separadamente  antes  de  la  misa  para  re- 

partir  luego  entre  los  principales  concurrentes 

Reliquias  de  aquel  primer  instituto  de  las  eulogias  y 
oblaciones,  de  las  quales,  por  ciertos  indicios  que  tengo, 
confio  hallar  otras  muestras  en  mi  viage." 

The  reference  Villanueva  makes  to  "  algunas 
Iglesias  de  esta  ciudad "  shows  that,  at  the  time 
he  wrote  (1803),  the  "  benedictio  panis  "  had  al- 
most disappeared  from  Spain ;  and  notwithstanding 


what^he  says  about  "  todos  los  codices  sacramen- 
tarios" before  the  sixteenth  century,  it  is  not  to  be 
found  in  the  Pontificale  Romanum  dementis  VIII. 
ac  Urbani  VIII.  (Venice,  1740).  In  some  of  the 
French  ritual  books,  however,  the  form  for  hal- 
lowing the  bread  is  retained,  and  in  the  Rituel  de 
Bordeaux  (1728),  after  two  forms,  either  of  which 
may  be  used,  we  read,  — 

"  Les  curez  auront  soin  dc  maintenir  1'usage  du  Pain 
beni  dans  leurs  Paroisses,  et  ils  en  feront  la  Benediction 
tous  les  Dimanches  avant  la  messe  Paroissiale.  Ils  re- 
commanderont  a  leur  Peuple  d'user  saintement  du  Pain 
beni,  de  ne  le  meler  jamais  avec  leurs  alimens  ordinaires, 
et  moins  encore  d'en  donner  aux  chiens,  et  aux  autres 
animaux :  mais  de  le  manger  avec  devotion. 

"  Ann  de  leur  inspirer  ces  sentimens,  ils  leur  enseigne- 
ront  que  1'Eglise  a  institue'  le  Pain  beni  pour  servir  de 
symbole  de  la  paix  et  de  1'union  qui  doit  re'gner  entre  les 
Fideles,  pour  leur  apprendre,  qu'e'tant  assis  &  la  meme 
Table,  et  mangeant  du  meme  Pain,  ils  doivent  s'aimer 
comme  freres :  et  ils  leur  feront  entendre,  qu'en  le  benis- 
sant,  on  demande  ;i  Dieu  la  sante  du  corps  et  de  1'ame  de 
ceux  qui  en  useront  avec  religion,  et  qu'on  le  prie  de  les 
preserver  de  toutes  sortes  de  maladies,  et  de  les  de'fendre 
des  pieges  des  ennemis  de  leur  salut." 

Although  wanting  in  the  Pontificale  Romanum, 
— at  least  it  is  not  to-be  found  in  the  only  edition 
within  my  reach  at  present,  —  it  would  seem  to 
have  been  a  rite  observed  in  England,  since  in  the 
Missale  parvum  pro  sacerdotibus  in  Anglid,  Scotia 
et  Ibernid  itinerantibus  (1626),  one  of  the  forms  of 
the  French  books  is  inserted ;  and  the  following 
extracts  will  show  that,  in  this  country  at  least,  it 
had  not  lost  all  traces  of  its  origin  from  the  primi- 
tive agapce.  In  an  endeavour  (circa  1570)  to  prove 
the  dependance  of  the  Chapel  of  St.  Margaret, 
Durham,  upon  the  Church  of  St.  Oswald,  it  was 
deposed  by  Bartram  Hoorde,  yeoman  and  glover, 
and  for  forty-seven  years  "  a  dweller  in  Framwel- 
gait,  in  the  said  St.  Margaret's  parish,"  — 

"  That  the  said  inhabitors  [of  St.  Margaret's]  every  seven 
yere  paid  hally  bread  syllver,  viz.  3d.  for  every  Sonday  in 
the  hole  yere  during  the  said  seaventh  yere.  He,  as  an 
inhabitor  abovesaid,  haith  paid  the  said  silver  when  yt 
came  to  his  course." 

William  Farreless  of  Elvett,  weaver,  deposes 
that  to  his  knowledge,  — 

"The  inhabitors  apperteyning  to  the  Chappell  of  St.  Mar- 
garet's, according  as  ther  course  fell,  have  brought  every 
Sonday  ther  hally  bread  caike  in  a  towell  open  on  ther 
brest,  and  laid  y  t  downe  upon  the  ende  of  the  hye  altar  of 
St.  Oswald's,  and  \\d.  in  money  also  with  the  said  caik ; 
and  the  clerke  toke  the  caik,  and  the  proctor  the  silver ; 
and  after  the  caik  was  hallowed,  the  said  clerk  cut  off  a 
part  of  the  said  caike,  cauld  the  holly  breid  caike,  to  gyve 
to  ther  next  neighbour,  whose  course  was  to  gyve  the 
holly  bread  the  next  Sonday  then  next  after ;  and  this 
order  was  comonly  used  of  all  the  inhabitors  apperteyning 
to  the  said  Chappell  of  St.  Margarett's,  so  long  as  the 
order  and  gyving  of  the  hollibred  sylver  dyd  remaine,  re- 
feringe  hym  to  the  Quene's  boke."  —  Depositions  and  Ec- 
clesiastical Proceedings,  Surtees  Society's  Publication,  1845. 

In  the  proceedings  taken  after  the  northern  re- 
bellion of  1569,  against  some  who  had  seized  the 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


cathedral  of  Durham,  we  find  the  charge  that 
they  — 

"Did  ....  singe  mattens,  evensonge,  procession  after 
crosses,  and  receive  holy  bread  and  holy  water,  and  other 
rites  and  ceremonies  ....  in  contempt  of  God,  their 
owne  soule,  and  lawes  afforesaid,  and  offenc  and  evell 
example  of  Christen  people." — Ib.  p.  128. 

W.  DENTON. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Mounting  with  Indian-rubber  Glue  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  381.).  — 
I  owe  an  apology  to  MB.  H.  W.  HELE  for  neglecting  to 
reply  to  his  appeal  to  me  on  the  subject  of  Indian-rubber 
glue.  It  should  certainly  be  applied  to  the  whole  of  the 
picture,  and  not  only  to  the  edges.  Its  advantages  are 
the  following:  cleanliness;  the  practicability  of  removing 
any  accidental  spot  of  it  which  may  have  extended  be- 
yond the  edge  of  the  paper,  by  rubbing  it,  when  half  dry, 
with  ordinary  Indian-rubber ;  its  imperviousness  to  damp ; 
and,  finally,  "its  freedom  from  the  attacks  of  insects  —  a 
circumstance  which,  in  some  climates,  will  be  of  great 
importance,  and  which  does  not  extend  to  gums  or  pastes. 

SELEUCUS. 

Washing  of  Paper  Positives. — When  the  hyposulphate 
has  not  been  sufficiently  washed  out  of  the  prints  at  the 
time  of  printing,  will  a  second  washing,  after  the  paper 
has  dried,  be  efficacious ;  and,  above  all,  will  it  avail 
when  spotting  from  under-washing  has  commenced  ? 

SELEUCUS. 

CundalVs  Photographic  Primer  and  Views  of  Hastings. — 
Mr.  Cundall,  of  the  Photographic  Institution,  New  Bond 
Street,  in  the  hope  that  a  few  simple  directions  given  in 
plain  language  may  help  beginners  in  Photography,  has 
just  published  The  Photographic  Primer  for  the  Use  of 
Beginners  in  the  Collodion  Process.  Illustrated  with  a  Fac- 
simile of  a  Photographic  Picture  of  Birds,  showing  the  Differ- 
ence of  Tone  produced  by  various  Colours.  It  certainly  is 
a  very  complete  little  work — full  of  plain  directions  as  to 
the  apparatus  required,  and  the  best  mode  of  using  it ; 
and  with  it  for  reference,  and  a  few  hints  from  one  who 
practises  the  art,  a  beginner  may  set  to  work  with  every 
prospect  of  success.  Although  we  have  heard  of  very 
excellent  masters  who  were  themselves  not  great  pro- 
ficients in  the  arts  they  taught,  we  confess  to  a  partiality 
for  the  professor  who  is  a  skilful  practitioner,  and  can 
practise  successfully  as  well  as  teach  clearly.  Mr.  Cundall 
seems  to  share  this  view :  for  with  his  Photographic  Pri- 
mer he  has  sent  us  six  views  at  Hastings,  taken  by  him ; 
which,  for  beauty  of  detail  and  general  artistic  effect,  are 
among  the  nicest  specimens  we  have  ever  seen.  In  the 
three  Views  of  the  Cliff,  we  have  the  peculiarities  of 
geological  structure,  and  the  masses  of  foliage,  &c.,  most 
distinctly  marked.  In  the  two  views  of  Hastings  Castle, 
the  architectural  details  of  that  interesting  ruin  are  most 
clearly  defined ;  while  in  all  of  them,  but  more  particularly 
in  the  Hastings  Fishermen,  the  figures  introduced  are  ex- 
tremely natural  and  life-like. 


to  ^Itnor 

Dr.  Llewelyn  (Vol.x.,  p.  185.).  — The  person 
of  whom  M.A.,  Oxon,  inquires,  was  Thomas 
Llewelyn,  LL.D.,  an  illustrious  Cambrian,  much 
venerated  by  his  countrymen.  He  was  born  at  a 
place  called  Penalltan  Isar,  in  the  parish  of  Gel- 


ligaer,  Glamorganshire.  While  officiating  as  a 
Baptist  minister  in  London,  he  received  the  de- 
grees of  M.A.  and  LL.D.  from  the  University  of 
Aberdeen.  He  interested  himself  very  much  in 
obtaining  a  larger  edition  of  the  Welsh  Bible  of 
1769  than  had  been  originally  intended ;  and  to 
that  end  wrote  in  1768  An  Historical  Account  of 
the  British  or  Welsh  Versions  and  Editions  of  the 
Bible,  London,  8vo.  In  the  following  year  he 
also  wrote  Historical  and  Critical  Remarks  on  the 
British  Tongue,  and  its  Connexion  with  other  Lan- 
guages, founded  on  its  State  in  the  Welsh  Bible, 
London,  8vo.  He  died  in  London  in  August, 
1783.  Farther  details  may  be  learned  from 
Williams'  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Eminent 
Welshmen,  1852.  T.  STEPHENS. 

Merthyr. 

Disinterment  (Vol.  x.,  p.  223.).  —  A  body  can- 
not be  removed  from  church  or  churchyard  by 
consent  of  the  clergyman  ;  such  an  act  can  be  au- 
thorised by  a  faculty  only,  applications  for  which 
are  not  of  unfrequent  occurrence.  See  Hutchins 
v.  Denziloe,  1  Hagg.  Con.  172.  J.  G. 

Exon. 

Legend  of  the  County  Clare  (Vol.  x.,  p.  159.). 
— A  custom  generally  prevails  of  spelling  names 
of  places,  &c.,  in  Ireland,  according  to  the  pro- 
nunciation, and  not  according  to  the  correct  or- 
thography :  write  French  after  the  same  manner, 
and  the  folly  of  it  will  be  immediately  perceived. 
I  am  sorry  to  see  that  MR.  DAVIES,  in  his  inter- 
esting "  Legends  of  the  County  Clare,"  has  fol- 
lowed this  method  of  spelling.  For  instance,  he 
mentions  Fuenvicouil,  and  adds  in  parentheses 
Fingall.  What  occasion  there  was  to  put  Fuen- 
vicouil I  cannot  discover,  as  it  certainly  is  not  the 
pronunciation  of  the  real  Irish  word,  which  is 
written  Fionn  Mac  Cumhal.  A  little  farther  on, 
"  Ziernach  Bran"  occurs,  which  MR.  DAVIES  ex- 
plains to  be  "  the  lordship  of  Bran."  The  proper 
spelling  is  Tighearnach  Bran.  The  t  is,  however, 
in  some  parts  of  Ireland  pronounced  like  ch  in 
chapter ;  but  I  think  it  never  has  the  sound  of  the 
English  z,  though,  if  wrong  in  my  supposition,  I 
shall  feel  obliged  by  MR.  DAVIES,  or  any  other 
correspondent,  correcting  me.  "  Gregg  y  Bran" 
should  be  "  Craig  Bran." 

I  presume  that  "Oghden  inscription"  is  a  mis- 
take for  "  Ogham  inscription."  DREXELIUS. 

Permit  me  to  correct  the  orthography  of  your 
correspondent,  as  regards  the  Irish  words  in  his 
communication.  Instead  of  "  Ziermacbran,"  he 
should  have  written  Tir  mac  Bran,  i.  e.  Mac 
Bran's  country.  Again,  "  Oghden"  should  be 
Ogam,  or  Ogham.  And  the  name  of  the  hero  of 
the  tale  should  be  Fiounmac  Cumhal,  pronounced 
Feen  mac  Cuall ;  "Gregg  y  Bran"  should  be 
Craig  a  Bran,  i.  e.  Bran's  Cliff,  and  "  Ziernach 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  256. 


Bran "  Tiarnach  Bran ;  and  "  Ziermac  Bran " 
ahould  be  Tir  mac  Bran.  In  their  corrected  state 
those  words  are  easily  understood  ;  but  as  they 
are  given  by  your  correspondent,  they  mean 
nothing.  FBAS.  CROSSLEY. 

"  Aches  "  a  Dissyllable  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  409.  571.). 
—  The  following  instance  is  quoted  in  Southey's 
Common-place  Book,  from  Oldham's  Pindarique 
to  the  Memory  of  Mr.  Charles  Morwent : 

"  A  sudden  and  a  swift  disease, 
First  on  thy  heart,  life's  chiefest  fort,  does  seize, 
And  then  on  all  the  suburb  vitals  preys : 

Next  it  corrupts  the  tainted  blood, 
And  scatters  poison  through  its  purple  flood. 

Sharp  aches  in  thick  troops  it  sends, 
And  pain  which  like  a  rack  the  nerves  extends." 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Franklin's  Parable  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  82.  169.).— 
When  I  saw  a  short  time  since  "  Franklin's  Pa- 
rable "  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  it  was  new  to  me ;  but  in 
turning  over  the  leaves  of  Hansard  for  April  and 
May,  1851,  I  happened  on  the  following  in  a 
speech  by  the  then  Solicitor-General,  in  answer  to 
one  by  Mr.  Newdegate  on  the  Oath  of  Abjuration 
Bill: 

"  The  'honorable  member  would  have  done  well  if,  in 
searching  the  Talmud  or  accumulating  rabbinical  lore,  he 
had  borrowed  the  sentiment  of  one  of  their  beautiful  apo- 
logues, which  Jeremy  Taylor  had  given  to  the  world: 
'  Father  Abraham  was  sitting  at  the  door  of  his  tent,' 
&c." 

It  is  given  in  substance  as  given  by  M.,  but  not  in 
a  style  quite  so  similar  to  our  translation  of  the 
Bible.  .*)pi' 

Emmanuel  College,  Cambridge. 

Luce  (Vol.  x.,  p.  88.).  —  The  fish  was  called  in 
different  periods  of  its  existence,  jack,  pickerel, 
pike,  and  luce,  from  Lucius  and  Xu/cos,  in  allusion 
to  its  wolfish  voracity.  It  is  the  bearing,  a 
"  canting  cognizance,"  of  the  Lucys  of  Charlecote, 
to  which  Shakspeare  alludes  in  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor,  Act  I.  Sc.  1. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.  A. 

P.  S.  —  Permit  me  to  correct  H.  B.  C.'s  spelling 
of  Peter  Pindar's  real  name  (Vol.  x.,  p.  93.), 
"  Walcot ; "  it  should  be  "  Wolcot,"  pronounced 
"  Woolcot."  A  descendant  of  his  was  a  Com- 
moner at  Winchester  just  before  my  time,  and 
was  so  called,  as  I  pointed  out  to  the  church- 
wardens of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  when,  in  an 
advertisement  for  subscriptions  to  raise  a  monu- 
ment to  the  satirist,  they  fell  into  the  same  error. 

Bishop  Griffith  Williams  (Vol.  x.,  p.  66.).  — 
He  was  born  at  Llanrug,  Carnarvonshire,  in 
1587 ;  received  his  education  at  Christ  Church, 
Oxford;  became  Prebendary  of  Westminster  in 


1628;  Archdeacon  of  Anglesey,  and  Dean  of 
Bangor,  in  1633  ;  Bishop  of  Ossory  in  1641  ;  and 
died  March  29,  1672.  The  following  list  com- 
prises the  principal,  if  not  the  whole,  of  his 
works  : 

1.  "  The  Delights  of  the  Saints.     8vo.,  1622." 

2.  "  Seven  Golden  Candlesticks.    4to.,  1627." 

3.  "  The  true  Church  showed  to  all  men  that  desire  to 
be  Members  of  the  same.    Folio,  1629." 

4.  "  The  right  Way  to  the  best  Religion.   Folio,  1636." 

5.  "  Vindiciae  Regum.     4to.,  1643,  1666." 

6.  "  The  Discovery  of  Mystery.  4to.,  1643;  folio,  1666." 

7.  "  Jura  Majestatis.     4to.,  1644,  1666." 

8.  "The  Great  Antichrist  revealed.     Folio,  16GO." 

9.  "  Seven  Treatises  very  necessarv  to  be  observed  in 
these  bad  Days,  &c.     Folio,  1661." 

10.  "The  Declaration  of  the  Just  Judgment  of  God. 
Folio,  1661." 

11.  "  Truth  vindicated  against  Sacrilege,  Atheism,  and 
Prophaneness.     Folio,  1666." 

12.  "  Four  Treatises ;  the  suffering  of  the  Saints,  burn- 
ing of  Sodom,  &c.    4to.  1667." 

Besides  these  he  published  several  sermons, 
which  are  described  in  Wood's  Athence  Oxonienses. 
Farther  particulars  of  his  life  and  writings  may 
be  found  in  Ware's  Bishops  and  Writers  of  Ire- 
land; Browne  Willis's  Bangor ;  Sir  John  Wynn's 
History  of  the  Gwydir  Family;  and  Williams's 
Biographical  Dictionary  of  Eminent  Welshmen, 

HlRLAS. 

"  Rather  —  Other"  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  282.).  —  A 
correspondent  has  taught  us  that  the  word  rather 
is  the  comparative  of  the  obsolete  adjective  rath, 
meaning  soon.  This  explains  its  termination  in 
er,  and  is  undoubtedly  correct  as  to  all  those  in- 
stances where  rather  is  followed  by  than.  But 
what  is  the  meaning  of  rather  in  such  phrases  as 
"  I  feel  rather  unwell  this  morning."  —  "  She  is 
rather  a  handsome  woman  "  ?  Something  else 
than  sooner  is  meant  here. 

Is  other  the  comparative  form  of  another  obsolete 
adjective  ?  Its  being  followed  by  than  would 
seem  to  indicate  this  derivation.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

"No  hath  not"  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  593.).— -A  very 
similar  phrase  is  still  in  common  use  in  Northum- 
berland :  "  I'll  not  can  do  it,"  for  "  I  shall  not  be 
able  to  do  it."  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

"  Mawkin"  (Vol.ix.,  pp.303.  385.  601.).— Your 
correspondent  KENNEDY  M'NAB  gives  the  true 
meaning  of  the  word  mawkin  —  maukin  =  malkin 
=lepus,  i.  e.  hare  or  cat.  In  "  Woo'd  an'  married 
an'  a  ! "  we  have  an  example  of  the  first  word  : 

"  An'  aff  like  a  maukin  she  flew." 
Macbeth  affords  us  an  instance  of  the  third : 
"  I  come,  grey  malkin." 

i.  e.  neither  more  nor  less  than  grey  cat. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 
Birmingham. 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


253 


Door-head  Inscriptions  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  89.)- — 
Whitelry  is  the  last  house  in  England  on  the 
road  through  Redesdale.  On  the  stone  lintel 
over  the  front  door  is  this  inscription  :  Pacem 
intrantibus  opto  —  a  welcome  and  benediction 
for  travellers  from  the  north  admirable  in  its 
spirit,  and  aptly  placed.  (Hodgson's  Northumber- 
land, pt.  ii.  vol.  i.  p.  136.) 

In  the  introduction  prefixed  to  her  last  edition 
of  the  Pastor's  Fireside,  Miss  Porter  mentions  the 
venerable  and  ever-admired  parsonage  of  Binstead, 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  with  this  motto  over  its 
lowly  door,  Contentment  is  wealth.  A  friend  has 
just  told  me  of  a  very  appropriate  inscription  over 
the  door  of  the  parsonage  recently  erected  at 
Barnard  Castle,  in  the  county  of  Durham,  "  Ce 
que  Dieu  garde,  est  bien  garde."  E.  H.  A. 

Iris  and  Lily  (Vol.  x.,  p.  153.). — Allow  an 
original  subscriber  to  correct  a  glaring  error  of 
MR.  WALCOTT'S  :  he  states  "  the  fleur-de-lys  in  its 
heraldic  form  triple  leaved  —  being  essentially 
distinct  from  the  garden  flower,  which,  has  Jive 
petals."  The  whole  tribe  of  bulbous  plants  to 
which  the  iris,  lily,  tulip,  hyacinth,  snowdrop,  &c., 
belong,  have  all  either  three  or  twice  three  petals; 
there  are  none  with^/zwe.  All  endogenous  plants, 
to  which  the  above  flowers  belong,  have  a  ternate 
arrangement  of  their  flowers  and  seed-vessels,  the 
iris  particularly  so,  having  three  reflexed  petals, 
three  stamens,  three  stigmas,  capsule  with  three 
cells,  and  three  valves.  Exogenous  plants  have 
their  floral  envelopes  in  a  quinate  arrangement. 

JAMES  BLADON. 

Pont-y-Pool. 

"Manual  of  Devout  Prayers"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  146.). 
— It  is  probable  that  this  was  the  same  prayer-book 
with  the  one  first  published  in  London  in  1766, 
and  again  for  Ireland  ;  professing  to  have  been 
printed  at  Antwerp  in  1767,  but  no  doubt  really 
printed  at  Dublin,  entitled,  The  Catholick  Chris- 
tian's New  Universal  Manual.  I  have  a  copy  of 
this  curious  and  rare  book.  It  contains  at  the 
end  the  famous  "  Roman  Catholick  Principles  in 
reference  to  God  and  the  King,"  so  very  often 
printed  in  other  works,  and  especially  with  Go- 
ther's  Papist  Misrepresented  and  Represented. 
This  tract  was  composed,  not  by  Mr.  Gother,  but 
by  a  Benedictine  monk,  Rev.  James  Corker,  and 
first  published  in  1680.  It  was  frequently  ap- 
pended to  Catholic  manuals  or  prayer-books; 
but  I  do  not  believe  that  any  of  these  contained 
any  prayers  of  a  seditious  character.  ENIVRI 
asserts  that  such  prayers  were  found  in  the 
Manual  for  which  the  two  booksellers  were  con- 
victed in  Dublin  in  1709.  But  he  should  recol- 
lect that  the  very  publication  or  sale  of  Catholic 
books  was  sufficient  in  those  days  to  subject  a 
publisher  to  prosecution ;  and  hence  so  many 


Catholic  works  of  the  last  century  profess  to  have 
been  printed  at  Antwerp,  Brussels,  and  other 
towns  on  the  Continent.  It  is  moreover  probable 
enough,  that  the  "Roman  Catholick  Principles" 
were  appended  to  the  Manual  in  question ;  and 
that  tract,  though  intended  to  conciliate,  may 
have  provoked  prosecution.  F.  C.  H. 

Forensic  Jocularities  (Vol.  x.,  p.  71.).  —  The 
following,  which  I  took  from  a  legal  publication, 
seems  of  the  class  of  notable  things  you  designate 
"  Forensic  Jocularities ; "  if  you  think  so,  pray 
give  it  a  place  in  "  N.  &  Q. :  " 

"  SIR  J.  LEACH.  While  Lord  EWon  was  obtaining  for 
his  court  the  character  of  a  court  of  oyer  sans  terminer,  the 
conduct  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  in  his  court  of  terminer 
sans  oyer  was  thus  celebrated  by  one  as  causeless  as  the 
cause  [Query  who? — J.  B.]  : 

'  A  judge  sat  on  the  judgment  bench, 

A  jolly  judge  -was  he; 
He  said  unto  the  Registrar, 
"  Now  call  a  cause  to  me." 

' "  There  is  no  cause,"  said  Registrar, 

And  laugh'd  aloud  with  glee, 
"  A  cunning  Leach  hath  despatch'd  them  all, 
I  can  call  no  cause  to  thee ! "  ' 

J.  BELL. 
Cranbrook. 

The  "old  law  book,"  in  which  the  lines  beginning 
"A  woman  having  a  settlement  "  first  appeared,  is 
Burrow's  Settlement  Cases,  and  the  case  is  Shad- 
well  v.  St.  John's,  Wapping,  p.  124.  Sir  James 
Burrow  says  it  had  been  turned  into  a  catch,  in 
which  form  alone  he  had  been  able  to  meet  with 
it.  (See  Burn 's  Justice,  vol.  iv.  p.  456.,  ed.  1845.) 
I  send  this  reference,  thinking  that  whatever  is 
worth  printing  is  worth  citing,  so  that  it  may 
most  easily  be  found.  If  all  correspondents 
would  give  the  title,  volume,  and  page  of  the 
book  which  they  quote,  or  when  it  is  not  at  hand, 
and  they  have  forgotten,  say  so,  the  value  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  would  be  increased.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

Lelys  Portraits  (Vol.  x.,  p.  66.).  — I  have  two 
oval  miniatures  by  Lely,  3|in.  by  2* in.,  portraits 
of  Sir  William  Blackett  of  Newcastle,  and  his 
wife,  which  have  on  them  the  painter's  monogram. 

W.  C.  TREVELYAN. 

Wellington. 

Norfolk  Superstition  (Vol.  x.,  p.  88.).  — I  beg  to 
inform  MR.  SUTTON  that  I  have  known  instances 
of  belief  in  the  same  opinion  to  which  he  alludes 
in  the  county  of  Durham.  E.  H.  A. 

That  a  corpse  not  becoming  rigid  foretells 
another  death,  is  a  common  notion  among  the 
vulgar  in  other  parts  as  well  as  Norfolk.  AMOS. 

Stars  and  Flowers  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  22. ;  Vol.  vil. 
passim).  —  That  the  passage  in  Chrysostom,  ad- 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  256. 


duced  by  ME.  W.  FRASER  as  the  original  locale  of 
the  beautiful  idea  — "  stars  are  the  flowers  of 
heaven" — is  not  entitled  to  this  distinction,  will 
be  granted  by  your  correspondent,  when  told  that 
an  earlier  father  thus  eloquently  expresses  the 
same : 

"  If  then,  with  admiration,  gazing  in  a  serene  night  at 
the  ineffable  beauty  of  the  stars,  you  have  considered 
with  delight  who  the  architect  is,  who  with  these  flowers 
has  garnished  the  heaven,"  &c. — Basuii  Homil.  in  Hexcem. 
vi.  i. 

BlBLIOTHECAR.  ClIETHAM. 

Grammars  for  Public  Schools  (Vol.  x.,  p.  116.). 
—  Thomas  Rudd,  M.  A.,  Head  Master  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  Grammar  School  at  Newcastle-on- 
Tyne,  1699 — 1710,  published  a  Syntaxis  in  usum 
Scholce  Nevocastrensis.  E.  H.  A. 

Add  to  your  list,  Rudiments  of  the  Greek  Lan- 
guage, new  edition,  for  the  use  of  Charterhouse 
School,  London,  1844;  and  also,  Rudiments  of  the 
Latin  Language,  new  edition,  for  the  use  of  Char- 
terhouse School,  London,  1843.  J.  R.  G. 

Luke  ii.  14.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  185.). — "Hominibus  bonce 
voluntatis."  Instead  of  evSoKia,  (vtioKias,  in  the  geni- 
tive, was  plainly  the  Greek  text  from  which  the 
Vulgate  was  translated.  And  this  reading  has  been 
preserved  by  Walton  and  Samuel  Lee  in  their 
Polyglotts,  and  is  also  followed  by  Wiclif  in  his 
translation  of  the  Bible  :  "  And  in  er  the  pees  be 
to  men  of  good  wille"  (see  Bagster's  Hexapla). 
But  the  modern  and  preferable  reading,  I  con- 
ceive, is  euSo/eia,  with  a  half  stop  at  the  word 
«P^CTJ  ;  which  has  been  adopted  by  Tyndale  — 
"  Glory  to  God  an  hye,  and  peace  on  the  erth  :  and 
unto  men  reioysynge"  —  and  followed  by  all  our 
English  translators.  Walton,  though  he  gives  the 
Vulgate  reading  (of  course)  as  he  found  it,  yet,  in 
his  own  version  of  this  plain  passage,  prefers  the 
nominative  to  the  genitive  case :  "  in  homiriibus 
bene  placitwm."  CHARLES  HOOK. 

M.  A.  asks  "  how  it  ever  came  to  pass  "  that  the 
final  clause  in  the  Doxology,  in  St.  Luke  ii.  14., 
was  translated  in  the  Vulgate  by  "hominibus 
bonas  voluntatis?"  Had  he  consulted  any  com- 
mentator, he  would  have  found  that  the  Latin 
was  the  only  correct  rendering  of  a  different  and 
well-supported  reading  of  the  original  Greek, 
tv  wQptlnrois  evSoKias  ;  which,  says  Mill  (Examen,  in 
foe.): 

"  Hebraismus  est,  significat  homines  erga  quos  Deus  se 
insigniter  benevolum  ostendit  seu  quos  peculiari  quadam 
gratia  complectitur." 

The  authorities  he  cites  for  this  reading  are,  "Alex., 
Cant.,  Vulg.,  Goth.,  Sax.  (Beza,  editio  prima), 
Irenaaus  Lat.,  lib.  iii.  cap.  ii.  p.  216.,  Hieronymus, 
Ambrosius,  Augustinus"  (et  Cyrillus),  —  a  very 
respectable  array,  which,  however,  are  not  equal 


to  the  united  authority  of  the  oriental  and  other 
versions,  backed  by  the  weight  of  all  the  Greek 
Fathers.  The  five  early  English  translations  ex- 
hibit a  strange  disagreement  in  rendering  this 
verse,  as  Bagster's  Hexapla  shows,  viz. : 

"  Wiclif,  1380.  And  in  erthe  pees  be  to  men  of  good  wille. 

Tyndale,  1534.  Peace  on  the  erth :  and  vnto  men  reioy- 
synge. 

Cranmer,  1539.  Peace  on  the  erth,  and  vnto  men  a  good 
wyll. 

Geneva,  1557.  Peace  in  earth  and  towardes  men  good 
wyl. 

Kheims,  1582.  And  in  earth  peace  to  men  of  good  wiL" 

J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

The  passage  in  the  Vulgate,  Luke  ii.  14., 
"  hominibus  bonce  voluntatis"  is  a  translation  from 
the  reading  ei>5oic£as  in  the  Greek.  This  reading  is 
found  in  the  Codex  Alexandrinus,  and  in  the 
Codex  Cantabrigiensis,  and  in  one  or  two  versions 
and  Fathers ;  but  is  thought  by  Mr.  Alford,  and 
other  eminent  critical  scholars,  to  be  of  insufficient 
authority.  W.  H. 

The  answer  to  M.  A.'s  Query  may  be  found  at 
length  in  most  annotations  on  the  Gospels  ;  but 
to  be  brief,  bonce  voluntatis  is  the  lice  ral  meaning 
of  (vSoKitis,  the  reading  of  many  MSS.,  and  one 
which  Mill  (Proleg.  675.)  approves,  saying  that  it 
is  a  Hebraism,  though  in  his  notes  ad  locum  he 
disallows  it :  evSoKia  is  the  received  text. 

J.  EASTWOOD. 

MS.  Verses  in  Fuller's  "  Medicina  Gymnastica" 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  7.).- 

"  He  plows  in  sand,  and  sows  against  the  wind, 
That  hopes  for  constant  love  of  womankinde." 

Is  not  this  couplet  a  paraphrase  of  the  following 
lines  of  Sannazan,  Eclogue  vm.  ?  — 

«  Nell'  onde  solca,  e  nell'  arene  semina 
E  '1  vago  vento  spera  in  rete  accogliere, 
Chi  sue  speranze  fonda  in  cor  di  femina." 

Are  they  less  complimentary  or  more  true  of 
woman,  or  does  poetry  read  best  with  fiction  ?  F. 

Virgilian  Inscription  for  an  Infant  School  (Vol. 
ix.,  p.  147.).  —  ANON,  has  been  anticipated.  His 
Virgilian  inscription  is  the  motto  to  Shenstone's 
School- Mistress.  C.  FORBES. 

Temple. 

£cA0oZZt'Z>ranes(Vol.ix.,p.65.). — Bruton  School, 
in  Somersetshire,  possesses  an  excellent  library, 
which  is  ever  being  enlarged  by  fresh  volumes. 
It  was  established  many  years  ago  by  the  present 
master,  and  is  kept  up  by  a  trifling  subscription 
among  the  boys,  aided  by  the  masters.  It  is 
really  a  good  library  of  modern  literature,  con- 
taining standard  books,  such  as  Alison's  History 
and  Hallam's  Works,  as  well  as  Murray's  Home 
and  Colonial  Library,  with  other  books  of  a  lighter 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


255 


nature.  It  comprises  at  the  same  time  the  works 
of  the  English  essayists,  and  of  many  of  the  great 
writers  in  prose  and  verse.  At  the  same  time 
some  newspapers  and  magazines  are  taken  in. 
The  library  is  in  the  middle  of  the  school,  and 
accessible  at  out-of-school  hours. 

This  information  is  at  your  service,  if  you  think 
it  worth  insertion.  It  at  all  events  will  satisfy 
the  querist  about  one  of  the  endowed  grammar 
schools.  A.  H. 

Deptford  Inn,  near  Heytesbury. 

Right  of  Refuge  in  the  Church  Porch  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  325.).  —  In  an  old  "Towne  Booke"  for  the  parish 
of  Diss,  Norfolk,  I  found  among  the  disbursements 
of  Samuel  Foulger,  one  of  the  churchwardens,  in 
1687,  the  following  : 

"To  the  wench  Ellener,  that  laye  in  the 
church  porch,  at  saverall  times      -        -    £00    7s.    Qd." 

S.  W.  Rix. 
Beccles. 

"Obtains"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  589.).  —  This  ex- 
pression would  seem  to  be  elliptical,  the  word 
"currency"  being  understood.  For  example, 
when  we  say  that  such  an  opinion  obtains,  the 
meaning  is  that  the  opinion  passes  current,  or  ob- 
tains currency.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Giggs  and  Scourge-sticks  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  422.).  — 
A  gijig  is  a  whipping-top,  and  the  scourge-stick  is 
the  instrument  with  which  a  boy  whips  his  top. 
My  authority  is  Mr.  J.  O.  HalliwelPs  Dictionary 
of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,  in  which  re- 
ference is  made  to  the  following  quotation  : 

"  Every  night  I  dream  I  am  a  town-top,  and  that  I  am 
whipt  up  and  down  with  the  scourge-stick  of  love,  and  the 
metal  of  affection."  —  Grim  the  Collier  of  Croydon,  ap. 
Dodsley,  xi.  206. 


Dublin. 

Cash  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  386.,  &c.).  —  This  word  had 
received  its  present  meaning  before  Milton's  time. 
See  Par.  Lost,  iv.  188. 

"  Or  as  a  thief  bent  to  unhoard  the  cash 

Of  some  rich  burgher,  whose  substantial  doors, 
Crossbarr'd,  and  bolted  fast,  fear  no  assault, 
In  at  the  window  climbs." 

J.  P.  Jun. 

D.  O.  M.  (Vol.  iii.,  p.  173.  ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  137. 
286.).  —  I  have  seen  Datur  omnibus  mori  engraved 
on  tombstones,  and  consequently  I  have  no  doubt 
that  D.  O.  M.  are  the  initial  letters  of  those  words. 
A  tombstone  is  not  dedicated  to  God  as  a  church 
is;  and  I  tell  W.  M.  N.,  with  all  courtesy,  that  he 
is  mistaken  when  he  says  that  Deo  optima  maxima 
will  apply  to  the  reading  of  a  tombstone  inscrip- 
tion. 

As  to  the  Tandem  D.  O  M.  of  the  Cornish  book- 
collector,  though  I  am  no  (Edipus  at  puzzle-guess- 


ing, I  think  I  can  see  clearly  that  his  fondness  for 
his  literary  treasures  did  not  make  him  unmindful 
of  the  time  when  he  would  at  length  lose  them. 

R.  W.  D. 

Seaton  Carew,  Durham. 

Factitious  Pedigrees  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  275.).  —  I  was 
favoured  by  MR.  SPENCE  with  the  offer  of  two 
Crusaders,  nine  generations,  and  twelve  quarterings, 
viz.,  Umfraville,  Marmion,  Talboys,  Wells,  Pole, 
Neville,  Latimer,  &c.,  for  51.,  from  the  work  of  the 
great  Camden,  and  which  Miss  Cotgrave  was  to 
guarantee.  But  as  these  additions  in  some  cases 
were  disproved  by  my  own  pedigrees  and  docu- 
ments, I  declined  having  anything  to  do  with 
them. 

A  friend  of  mine  was  however  taken  in.  After- 
wards he  had  his  family  papers  examined  by  a 
real  antiquary,  and  he  then  informed  me  that  Handle 
Holmes's  Pedigrees  were  very  incorrect,  for  his 
family  documents  and  the  pedigree  Miss  Cotgrave 
had  guaranteed  did  not  coincide  at  all !  P.  P. 

Clarence  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  224.).  —  Since  sending  you 
my  reply  on  this  subject,  I  have  learned  that  there 
is  a  very  elaborate  paper  upon  "  The  Duchy  of 
Clarence,  and  the  Clarencieux  King  of  Anns,"  by 
Dr.  Donaldson,  the  learned  Head  Master  of  Bury 
School,  contained  in  the  first  number  of  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Bury  and  West  Suffolk  Archaeological 
Institute.  I  am  told  that  this  paper  completely 
confirms  my  view  of  the  derivation  of  the  title; 
and  to  it,  therefore,  I  beg  to  refer  HONORE  DE 
MARBVILLE.  VOKAROS. 

John  Keats  s  Poems  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  21.).  —  Is 
there  any  interpretation  of  these  lines  to  be 
found  in  the  story  of  Merlin's  accidental  impri- 
sonment by  his  mistress,  as  told  by  Dunlop  (see 
Hist.  Fiction,  vol.  i.  p.  181.)?  Merlin  mig'nt  be 
said  to  h;ive  paid  the  <lebt  in  his  own  person,  when, 
having  communicated  t!ie  secretof  his  enchantment 
to  Viviane,  she  returned  the  favour  by  trying  it  on 
her  lover  to  his  everlasting  discomfiture.  Ellis,  in 
his  Metrical  Romances,  does  not,  I  think,  mention 
this,  and  I  have  not  just  now  easy  access  to  the 
originals.  T.  S.  N. 

Inscriptions  on  Bells  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  592.)  — In  the 
tower  of  Tiverton  Church,  there  are  eight  bells 
with  the  following  inscriptions  on  them: 

1.  "  Glory  to  God  in  the  highest," 

2.  "And  on  earth  peace," 

3.  "  Goodwill  towards  men." 

4.  "  Prosperity  to  all  our  benefactors." 

5.  "  VVm.  Evans,  of  Cliepstow,  cast  us  all." 

6.  "  Mr.    Rartholomew  Darey  and   Mr.  James   Cross, 
Churchwardens." 

7  "  Mr.  Clement  Govett  and  Mr.  Thomas  Anstey, 
Wardens." 

8.  "  George  Osmond,  Esq  ,  Mayor,  1736." 
Are  such  inscriptions  common?  ANON. 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  256. 


Hampshire  Words  (Vol.  x.,  p.  120.).  —  Some 
of  the  words  enumerated  by  MR.  MIDDI-ETON  have 
appeared  in  the  works  hereafter  cited. 

Bavin  occurs  in  Moor's  Suffolk  Words,  and 
Forby's  Vocabulary  of  East  Anglia.  Mr.  Halli- 
well in  his  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial 
Words  has  Baven,  which  he  makes  to  differ  from 
a  faggot  in  its  being  bound  with  only  one  withe, 
whereas  a  faggot  is  bound  with  two.  He  refers 
to  Dr.  Dee's  Diary,  p.  38.,  and  Euphue's  Golden. 
Legacie,  ap.  Collier,  p.  11. 

Frit  is  in  Moor  and  Halliwell  (var.  dial.). 

Nunch  is  in  Moor  and  Halliweli  (var.  dud.). 

Pook  is  in  Halliwell  (Somerset.). 

Pure  is  in  Moor  and  Halliwell  (var.  dial.). 

Safe  is  in  Halliwell  (var.  dial.). 

Will  MR.  MIDDLETON  excuse  my  suggesting 
that  he  should  use  the  alphabetical  order  in  those 
farther  communications  which  I  am  glad  to  see 
he  promises  to  make  to  your  interesting  Miscel- 
lany. THOMPSON  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 

Oblige  pronounced  olleege  (Vol.  x.,  p.  142.).  — 
There  can  be  little  doubt  as  to  what  was  the 
fashionable  pronunciation  of  the  above  word  sixty 
years  ago,  nor  is  it  by  any  means  uncommon  to 
hear  "  gentlemen  of  the  old  school "  saying  obleege 
and  obleeged.  That  such  was  the  habit  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales  (afterwards  George  IV.)  we  have 
a  curious  proof  in  the  well-known  anecdote  of 
John  Kemble,  who  took  the  liberty  of  correcting 
his  royal  highness's  pronunciation  in  this  parti- 
cular. JST.  L.  T. 

Fountains  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  516.).  —  Schuett's  Re- 
cueil  d  Architecture  dessine  et  mesure  en  Italie  dans 
les  annees  1791,  1792,  et  1793,  contains  some 
views  of  fountains  in  Italy,  folio,  Paris,  1821. 

The  fountains  of  Versailles,  &c.  have  been  en- 
graved and  described  by  Thomassin,  Audran  and 
Le  Potre,  Perelle,  Silvestre,  Monicart  and  Romain 
le  Testu,  Bowles,  Heath,  and  in  the  Cabinet  du 
Roi,  Galerie  de  Versailles,  Maisons  Royales,  &c. 

Moisy  et  Normand,  les  Fontaines  de  Paris, 
anciennes  et  nouvelles,  et  Descriptions  Historiques 
et  Notes  par  Duval,  folio,  66  fine  coloured  plates. 
Paris,  1813. 

Fontaines  de  Paris  de  Vordre  de  Napoleon  le 
Grand  et  Anciennes,  royal  4to.,  59  plates.  Paris, 
1810. 

Recueil  de  divers  Desseins  de  Fontaines  et  des 
Frises  Maritime*,  inventez  et  dessignez  par  Mon- 
sieur Le  Brun,  premier  Peintre  du  Roi,  Sec. ;  folio, 
Paris,  no  date  (about  1700).  This  work  contains 
only  designs  for  fountains. 

The  following  work  might  also  be  consulted  : 
Projet  dune  Fontaine  Publique,  par  J.  B.  Co- 
moUi,  Professeur  de  Sculpture  dans  lUniversile 


Imperiale  de  Turin.     Folio,  a  Parme,  impr.  par 
Badoni,  1808.  J.  MACRAT. 

Oxford. 

[MR.  EDMESTON'S  reply  to  this  Query  Las  been  for- 
warded to  AQUARIUS.] 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Tlie  Wilts  Archaeological  Society  has  just  had  a  grand 
gathering  at  Salisbury,  under  the  Presidentship  of  Mr. 
Sidney  Herbert ;  whose  reception  of  the  members  at 
Wilton  House,  followed  as  it  was  by  the  hospitality  of  the 
Bishop  at  the  Palace,  must  have  exercised  a  beneficial 
influence  on  the  Society.  We  call  attention  to  this  new 
offspring  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  for  one  special 
reason ;  it  publishes  its  Journal,  which  contains  many 
excellent  papers  on  subjects  of  local  interest,  at  so  low  a 
price,  as  to  place  it  within  the  reach  of  all  classes  of 
readers.  This  is  a  point,  too,  often  lost  sight  of  by  those 
who  seek  to  popularise  such  societies,  and  by  their  means 
to  spread  abroad  a  taste  for  historical  knowledge,  and  a 
desire  to  preserve  our  national  monuments. 

BOOKS  RECEIA'ED.  —  Gibbon's  Roman  Empire,  with 
Notes  by  Dean  Milman  and  M.  Guizot,  edited  by  Dr. 
Smith.  The  fifth  volume  of  this  handsome  edition,  which 
forms  a  portion  of  Murray's  British  Classics.  —  The 
Poetical  Works  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  edited  by  Robert 
Bell.  The  new  volume  of  Parker's  Annotated  Edition  of 
the  British  Poets.  In  his  introductory  biography,  the 
editor  has  availed  himself  of  the  many  new  facts  in 
Wyatt's  history,  which  have  lately  been  brought  forward. 

—  An  Essay  on  Church  Furniture  and  Decoration,  by  the 
Rev.  E.  L.  Cutts,  is  a  reprint  of  a  Supplement  to  the 
Clerical  Journal.  —  The  Census  of  Great  Britain  in  1851 ; 
comprising  an  Account  of  the  Numbers  and  Distribution  of 
the   People,  their  Ages,    Conjugal  Condition,    Occupations, 
and  Birth-place,  §•<:..  embodies  in  a  small  compass  the 
principal  results  of  the  recent  enumeration  of  the  people 
of  this  country;  and  though  published  at  a  low  price, 
may  be  depended  upon,  having  been  produced  under  the 
authority  of  the  Registrar-General. — Notes  on  the  Nimbus, 
by  Gilbert  J.  French.     Although  the  words  "Printed  for 
Presentation  "  ought  perhaps  to  prevent  our  taking  notice 
of  this  little  pamphlet,  it  is  too  creditable  to  Mr.  French's 
learning  and  ingenuity  to  be  passed  over  without  notice. 

—  The    Works    of  i  'hilo-Jiidceus,    the     Contemporary    of 
Josephus,  translated  from  the  Greek  by  C.  D.  Yonge,  Vol.  I. 
This  new  contribution  to  Buhn's  Ecclesiastical  Library  is 
as  startling  as  it  is  creditable;  but  as  the  Translation  of 
Plato,  we  believe,  proved  a  successful  commercial  specu- 
lation, we  hope,  for  Mr.  Bohn's  sake,  the  translation  of 
this  distinguished  Platonist  may  prove  the  same. —  The 
Anabasis  or  Expedition  of  Cyrus  and  the  Memorabilia  of 
Socrates,  literally  translated  from  the  Greek  of  Xenophon, 
by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Watson,  with  a  Geographical  Commen- 
tary, by  W.  F.  Ainsworth,  Esq.,  is  the  new  volume  of  the 
same  publisher's  Classical  Library ;  while  he  has,  in  his 
Antiquarian   Library,    reprinted    Charles   Lamb's   Speci- 
mens of  English  Dramatic  Poets  who  lived  about  the  Time 
of  Sha/tspeare ;  and  has  made  the  present  edition  of  this 
delightful  volume  yet  more  delightful,  by  adding  to  it 
the  Extracts  from  the  Garrick  Plays  which  Lamb  con- 
tributed to  Hone's  Table  Bonk.     It  forms  a  poetical  com- 
mon-place book  of  the  highest  beauty. 


SEPT.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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[No.  256. 


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INDEX  TO  THE  CONTENTS  : 


African  Lilies 

Agapanthus 

Anemones 

Annuals 

Apples 

Apricots 

Auriculas 

Beans 

Beet 

Biennials 

Black  Fly 

Books,  list  of,  for  Cot- 
tagers 

Borage 

Borecole 

Box  e  gings 

Broccoli 

Brussel*  Sprouts 

Budding 

Bulbs 

Cabbage 

Cactus 

Calceolarias 

Californian  Annuals 

Campanulas 

Carnations 

Carrots 

Cauliflowers 

Celery 

Cherries 

China  Asters 

China  Roses 

Chrysanthemums, 
Chinese 

Chives 

Clarkian 

Clem  itis 

Collinsias 

Coleworts 

Cress 

Creepers 

Crocus 

Crown  Imperials 

Cucumbers 

Cultivation  of  Flowers 
in  Windows 

Currants 

Dahlias 

Daisies 

PoVs-  tooth  Violets 

Exhibitions,    prepar- 
ing articles  for 

Ferns,  as  protection 

Fruit 

Fruit  Cookery 

Fuchsias 

G<  ntianella 

Gilias 

Gooseberries 

Grafting 

Grapes 

Green  Fly 

Heartsease 

Herhs 

Herbaceous 
mills 

Heli  trope 

Hollyhocks 

H  mcysiiekle 

Horse-radish 

Hyacinths 

H  ydrangeas 

Hyssop 

Indian  Cress 

Iris 

Kidney  Beans 

Lavender 

Layering 

Leeks 


Peren- 


Leptosiphons 

Lettuce 

Lobelias 

London  Pride 

Lychnis,  Double 

M»rizold 

Marjoram 

Manures 

Marvel  of  Peru 

Mesembryanthemums 

Mignonette 

Mint 

Mushroom 

Mustard 

Narcissus 

Nemophilas 

OZnothera  bifrons 

Onions 

Pseonies 

Parsley 

Parsnip 

Peaches 

Pea-haulm 

Pears 

Peas 

Pelargoniums 

Perennials 

Persian  Iris 

Petunias 

Phlox 

Pigs 

Pinks 

Planting 

Plums 

Polyanthus 

Potatoes 

Privet 

Pruning 

Propagate  by  cut- 
tings 

Pyracantha 

Radishes 

R  nimculus 

Kospberries 

Rhubarb 

Rockets 

Roses 

Rue 

Rustic  Vases 

Sage 

S.lvias 

Savoys 

Saxifrage 

Scarlet  Runner  Beans 

Sea  Daisy  or  Thrift 

Seakale 

Seeds 

Selct  Flowers 

Select  Vegetables  and 
Fruit 

Slugs 

Snowdrops 

Soups 

Spinach 

Spruce  Fir 

Spur  pruning 

Stews 

Stocks 

Strawberries 

S"mmer  Savory 

Sweet  Williams 

Thorn  Hedges 

Thyme 

Tigridia  Pavonia 

Transplanting 

Tree  lifting 

Tulips 

Turnirs 

Vegetable  Cookery 


Venus'i 
glass 
Verbenas 
Vines 


Locking- 


Virginian  Stock* 
Wallflowers 
Willows 
Zinnias 


Illustrated  with  several  Woodcuts. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

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No.  257.] 


SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
I  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

KOTXI  :  —  Page 

POPIANA  :  —  "  The  Dunemd  "  —  Pope's 
"Essay  on  Man"  — Mr.  Murray's 
Edition  of  Pope  — The  Dodds  -  -  257 

Original  Deeds,  by  James  F.Ferguson    253 
The  Swedish  Language,  by  E.  F.  Wood- 
man -  -          -          -  -    259 
Anecdote  of  the  Bittle  of  Worcester,  by 

Cuthbert  Bede,  B.  A.     -  -          -    259 

High  Church  and  Low  Church   -  -    260 

MINOR  NOTES  :  — The  Isle  of  Serpents — 
Lover's  Song  —  Ministerial  Chances, 
*c —  Lord  Chancellor  Hatton's  Ea- 
tates 262 

QUERIES  :  — 

The  Mayor  of  My]  or,  by  J.  H.  A.  Bone    263 
"Elim  and  Maria"          -          -  -    263 

MINOR  QUERIES  :—"  As  sure  as  a  Gun" 
— "  A  Fox  went  out,"  &c.  —  Hozer  — 
Milton's  Mother — "  Conqueror  of  the 

Gentlemen  of  the   Longe   Robe  " 

Escutcheons  —  Count  Neiberg,  &c 

Druidism,  BTdism  — Saint  Tellant  — 
Acton  Family  of  Shropshire  —  Pic- 
ture by  Crevelli  Veneziano—"  Season- 
able Cotibiderations  upon  the  Corn 
Trade  "—  Guildhall  before  I6K6-  Da- 
•vid  Lindsay  _  Klaproth's  "  China  " 
— '  Silke  Saugeu "  -  -  -  264 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Topographical  Etymology  —  Rev. 
Griffith  Hi<_'gs —  "  Amalasont,  Queen 
of  the  Goths "_  Edward  Lam  he's 
Mural  Tablet- Aristotle -Old  Bal- 
lads -  -  -  .  -  266 


On  the  Indices  of  the  present  Century  -  2fi7 

Brydone  the  Tourist,  by  G.  Elliot,  &c.  -  268 
Robert  Parsons  :  Berrington's  Memoirs 

of  Grecorio  Panzaui,   by   Rev.   W. 

Denton  -  -  -  -  -  270 

Oaths,  by  Gilbert  J.  French,  &c.  -  271 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  : —En- 
glish Photographs  at  the  Paris  Exhi- 
bition of  1855  —  Restoration  of  old 
Collodion  —  Buckle's  Brush  -  -  272 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Chris- 
tening Ships  —  Kaleidoscope  —  Pater- 
son,  Founder  of  the  Bank  —  Bermond- 
sey  Abbey  _  The  Pope  sitting  on  the 
Altar  —  Latten-jawed  or  Leathern- 
jawed  —  Female  Parish  Overseer  — 
Brasses  r 'stored  _  Lindsay  Court 
House —  Hero  of  the  "  Spanish  Lady's 
Love  "  —  Workson  Bells—  Quotations 
of  Plato  »nd  Aristotle  —  Monster 
found  at  Maidstone  — "  Old  Rowley  " 

—  "  Incidisin  Seyllam,"  &c Curious 

Prints  _  "  CursM   Croylaud"  —  "  To 
captivate"— Heraldic, &c.        -          -    272 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


YOL,  X — No.  257. 


Mult*  terricolis  lingua;,  ccelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
ITJ  AND  SONS' 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  257. 


TVSSOLUTION     OF     PART- 

\J  NERSHIP.  —  EDWARD  GEORGE 
WOOD,  Optician,  &c.,  late  of  123.  and  121. 
Newgate  Street,  begs  to  invite  attention  to 
his  New  Establishment,  No.  117.  Cheapside, 
London. 

Photographic  Cameras  and  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c. ;  Spectacles,  Opera  Glasses,  Tele- 
scopes and  Race  Glosses,  Barometers,  Thermo- 
meters, Hydrometers,  &c. ;  Philosophical  and 
Chemical  Apparatus.  All  kinds  of  Photogra- 
phic Papers,  plain  and  prepared.  Photographic 
Papers  and  Solutions  prepared  according  to  any 
given  formula. 


"PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


257 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30,  1854. 


POPIANA. 

"  The  Dunciad."  —  The  short  notice  I  gave 
(ante,  p.  109.)  of  the  copy  of  The  Dunciad  (Lawton 
Gilliver's  edition)  in  my  possession,  having  drawn 
from  THE  WHITER  OF  THE  ARTICLES  (on  Pope) 
IN  THE  ATHENAEUM  so  very  important  and  sugges- 
tive a  paper  as  that  on  "  Pope  and  the  Pirates" 
(ante,  p.  197.),  I  am  induced  to  throw  out  for  his 
consideration,  and  the  consideration  of  MR.  MARK- 
LAND,  C.,  E.  T.  D.,  and  other  Popeian  correspon- 
dents, the  following  memoranda. 

First,  as  to  the  date  of  the  first  publication  of 
The  Dunciad,  we  have  Pope'a  own  evidence  (taking 
it  for  what  it  is  worth),  which  fixes  very  nearly 
the  precise  date.  For  it  is  evident  that  "  The 
List  of  Books,"  &c.,  in  which  our  author  was  abused, 
would  be  prepared  with  considerable  care ;  and 
in  that  division  of  such  list  which  describes  those 
"printed  BEFORE  the  publication  of  The  Dunciad," 
the  last  article  with  a  date  is  — 

"Daily  Journal,  May  11  (1728).  A  letter  against 
Mr.  P.  at  large,  Anon.  (John  Dennis)." 

While  in  the  list  of  those  "  AFTER  The  Dunciad, 
1728,"  the  earliest  entry  with  a  date  is  — 

"  Mist's  Weekly  Journal,  June  8.  A  long  letter  sign'd 
W.  A.  (Dennis,  Theobald,  and  others)." 

The  publication  is  thus  fixed  as  having  taken 
place  between  May  11  and  June  8,  1728. 

I  have  quoted  from  my  copy  of  the  edition 
"  printed  for  A.  Dob,  1729."  And  it  will  be  seen 
that  this  last  reference  to  Mist's  Weekly  Journal 
is  much  shorter  than  that  in  the  later  editions. 
In  Gilliver's  edition,  the  reference  to  it  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

"  Mist's  Weekly  Journal,  June  8.  A  long  letter  signed 
W.  A.  writ  by  some  or  other  of  the  Club  of  of  (szc)  Theobald, 
Dennis,  Moore,  Cooke,  who  for  some  time  held  constant 
weekly  meetings  for  these  kind  of  performances." 

Now  it  would  seem  from  a  slip  of  Addenda,  which 
is  separately  printed,  and  inserted  in  my  copy  of 
Dob's  edition,  and  is  there  described  as  — 

"  Addenda  to  the  Octavo  Edition  of  Ttie  Dunciad,  printed 
for  A.  Dob  (Price  Two  Shillings),  which  have  been  publish' t 
in  the  News  Papers  as  Defects  and  Errors,  but  were  really 
wanting  in  the  Quarto  Edition  itself,  and  have  only  been 
added  to  another  Edition  in  Octavo,  printed  for  Gilliver,for 
which  he  charges  the  Publick  Three  Shillings. 

"  Edition  printed  for  A.  Dob." 

that  there  probably  exist  different  editions 
printed  for  Gilliver ;  for  the  correction  made  in 
these  addenda  to  the  original  reference  to  Mist's 
Journal  contains  a  passage  not  given  in  Gilliver 
as  I  have  just  quoted  it.  In  the  Addenda  we  are 
told: 

"  After  '  a  long  letter  signed  W.  A.'  add  the  following, 
viz.  [  These  initial  letters  were  subscribed  to  cast  the  slander 


of  writing  this  on  Mr.  A II,  the  present  author  of  the 

British  Journal,  who  has  justified  himself  from  this  and  alt 
other  offence  to  Mr.  P.]     It  was  writ  by  some  or  other  of 

the  Club  of  Th ,  D s,  M re,  Co n,  C ke, 

who,  for  some  time,  held  constant  weekly  meetings  for 
these  kind  of  performances." 

The  passage  which  I  have  marked  in  Italics  is, 
as  I  have  remarked,  not  in  my  copy  of  Gilliver, 
neither  is  it  in  Warburton's  edition. 

Gilliver's  edition  bears  on  the  title  "  Written  in 
the  year  1727  :"  yet  in  the  following,  which  is  the 
preliminary  note  to  the  first  canto  in  this  very 
edition,  we  read  that  it  was  "writ  in  1726." 

"  This  Poem  was  writ  in  1726..  In  the  next  year,  an 
imperfect  edition  in  Dublin,  and  reprinted  at  London  in 
12mo.  Another  at  Dublin,  and  another  at  London  in 
8vo. ;  and  three  others  in  12mo.  in  the  same  year.  But 
there  was  no  perfect  edition  before  that  of  London  in  4to. 
1728-9,  which  was  attended  with  the  following  Notes. 
We  are  willing  to  acquaint  Posterity  that  this  Poem  (as 
it  here  stands)  was  presented  to  King  George  the  Second 
and  his  Queen,  by  the  hands  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  on 
the  12th  of  March,  1728-9." 

I  have  quoted  this  note  at  length,  because  it 
furnishes  evidence  of  the  truth  of  the  old  proverb, 
"  that  liars  should  have  good  memories." 

In  the  first  place,  while  in  the  title-page  the 
poem  is  described  as  "written  in  1727,"  it  is  in 
this  note  declared  to  have  been  "writ  in  1726." 
In  the  next  place,  while  we  have  in  this  same 
volume  the 

"  Preface  prefixed  to  the  first  five  imperfect  editions  of 
The  Dunciad,  printed  at  Dublin  and  London  in  Octavo 
and  Duodecimo." 

in  this  very  note  these   editions  "in  buckram" 
are  clearly  shown  to  be  seven,  and  not  Jive. 

Has  any  body  ever  seen  a  copy  of  The  Dunciad 
with  the  preface  in  question,  standing  as  the 
regular  preface  to  the  poem  ?  Shall  we  ever 
come  at  the  real  history  of  this  publication,  until 
we  have  a  good  bibliographical  list  of  all  the  early 
editions  of  it  ?  WILLIAM  J.  THOMS. 


Another  word  as  to  The  Dunciad.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  say  in  what  year  the  edition  men- 
tioned by  MR.  THOMS  (Vol.  x.,  p.  110.)  as  "  printed 
for  Lawton  Gilliver,  in  Fleet  Street,"  with  the 
owl  and  ass  frontispiece,  was  published  ?  Must  it 
not  have  been  at  least  a  year  later  than  1 730  ? 
As,  in  p.  17.  of  the  copy  now  before  me,  I  find  a 
foot-note  appended  to  Cleland's  "  Letter  to  the 
Publisher,"  containing  remarks  on  Pope's  ex- 
tended reputation  among  foreigners,  and  naming 
some  who  had  been  translators  of  his  works,  he 
gives  as  instances : 

"  *  Essay  on  Criticism  in  French  Verse  by  General 
Hamilton.  The  same  in  Verse  also  by  Monsieur  Roboton, 
Councillor  and  Privy  Secretary  to  King  George  I. ;  after 
by  the  Abbe  Reyiiel  in  Verse,  with  notes,  Paris,  1730. 
Rape  of  tlte  Lock  in  French,  Paris,  1728,  &c.  Yet  Cleland's 
Letter  bears  the  date  of '  St.  James's  Dec.  22.  1728.'  And 
strangely  enough,  the  black-letter  '  Declarat'  cor'  me, 


258 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  257. 


John  Barber,  Mayor,'  is  given, '  this  third  day  of  January, 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  One  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
thirty-two.' " 

G. 

Barum. 


Popes  "Essay  on  Man."  —  I  have  a  12mo. 
edition  of  Pope's  Essay  on  Man,  published  by 
J.  and  P.  Knapton,  1748,  which  contains  a  curious 
frontispiece,  said  in  the  Preface  to  have  been  de- 
signed and  drawn  by  Mr.  Pope  himself.  I  wish 
to  know  where  I  can  find  corroborative  testimony 
that  Pope  really  did  design  and  draw  the  frontis- 
piece.  T.W. 

Halifax. 


Mr.  Murray's  Edition  of  Pope  (Vol.  x.,  p.  217.). 
—  You  express  a  hope,  and  a  very  natural  one, 
that  the  "  forthcoming  edition"  will  be  the  better 
for  the  discussions  in  "  N.  &  Q. ;"  but  I  want  to 
know  when  the  public  will  be  the  better  for  that 
edition  ?  So  long  since  as  the  Museum  inquiry, 
MR.  CHOKER  stated  that  he  was  engaged  on  it ; 
since  then,  it  has  been  over  and  over  again  an- 
nounced ;  and  it  was  understood  at  the  beginning 
of  this  year,  that  the.  first  volume  was  actually 
printed,  and  to  be  issued  forthwith  as  one  of  The 
British  Classics.  Yet  here  we  are  in  September, 
and  no  sign  of  publication.  M.  E.  P. 


The  Dodds  (Vol.  x.,  p.  217.). — Since  I  wrote 
to  you,  I  have  stumbled  on  a  copy  of  Atterbury's 
Speech :  "  Printed  and  sold  by  James  Dodd,  in 
Princes  Street,  by  Drury  Lane  ;  and  A.  Rocayrol, 
in  St.  Martin's  Lane."  Atterbury's  Speech  was 
printed  by  half  a  dozen  persons ;  but  this  copy,  by 
James  Dodd,  is  the  shabbiest  I  have  seen — bat- 
tered type  and  brown  paper.  Gent's  lady  may 
have  been  the  widow  of  this  James  Dodd.  P.  T.  P. 


Inscription  by  Mr.  Pope  on  a  punch-bowl, 
bought  in  the  South- Sea  year  for  a  club,  chased 
with  Jupiter  placing  Cullisto  in  the  skies,  and 
Europa  and  the  Bull : 

"  Come  fill  the  South- Sea  goblet  full : 

The  Gods  shall  of  our  stock  take  care; 
Europa  pleas'd  accepts  her  Bull, 
And  Jove  with  joy  puts  off  his  Bear." 

J.  Y. 


ORIGINAL   DEEDS. 

Five  original  deeds  were  recently  laid  before 
me,  and,  with  the  permission  of  the  owner,  I  have 
made  the  following  short  description  of  their 
contents,  in  the  hope  that  it  may  not  prove  unin- 
teresting to  the  descendants  or  representatives  of 
the  several  families  therein  named.  These  deeds 


were  accompanied  by  a  confession  of  faith,  appa- 
rently written  in  the  time  of  James  I.,  and  endorsed 
"  For  Mr.  Ingleby." 

A  deed  made  the  7th  of  May,  18  Eliz.,  between 
John  Wallworthe,  of  Raventofts,  co.  Yorke,  Gen- 
tleman, and  Samuell  Thackwrey,  of  Gilmorehouse, 
in  said  co.,  Yeoman,  demising,  in  consideration  of 
a  fine  or  "  gresome,"  "  one  vaccarage  or  tenement 
called  Gilmorehouse,  abarne,  akilnehouse,  acowe- 
house,  abaykehouse,  thre  closes  whereof  one  ys 
called  calfe  close,  the  second  ys  called  brode  ynge, 
and  the  third  ys  called  longe  ynge,  thre  corne 
crofts,  alitle  garthe  called  the  hollinge  garthe,  and 
all  the  hollinge  bruce  wthin  the  same  garthe,  and 
calfe  close,  and  all  the  bruceynge  of  the  boilings 
grewynge  of  the  greyne  called  gilmore  greyne, 
betwene  Gilmore  yate  and  one  greate  ditche  ad- 
joynynge  to  aclose  called  the  calfe  close  at  the  one 
end  and  aclose  called  the  Rowghe  close  at  the 
other  end,  and  also  the  fourte  pt  of  a  pasture 
called  the  westwodd,  and  all  the  hollinge  bruce  to 
the  same  fourte  pte  appteynynge,  and  also  one 
close  called  great  bowesfeyld  "  in  the  lordship  of 
Bysshopthornetone,  co.  Yorke,  late  in  the  tenure 
and  occupation  of  John  Thackwrey,  father  of  the 
said  Samuel,  "  and  also  one  other  close  called 
litle  Cowesfeyld,  nowe  in  the  tennor  of  brigit 
Walworthe  or  her  assignes ; "  "  the  which  pre- 
mises Thomas  Markinjjefeld,  layte  of  Markinge- 
feyld,  Esquier,  deceased,  had  to  him  and  his  assignes 
emongest  other  lands  and  tenements  of  the  demise 
and  grante  of  the  layte  lord  Archiebysshope  of 
Yorke,"  by  deed  dated  1  st  February,  34  Hen.  VIII., 
who  granted  to  Robert  Walworthe,  late  of  Ra- 
ventofts, on  18th  February,  36  Hen.  VIIL,  who 
was  the  father  of  said  John.  The  deed  bears  the 
autograph  of  "  Samele  Thackwrey." 

A  deed  of  25th  Feb.  1635,  between  Thomas 
Hardcastle,  of  Gilrnoorehouse,  Yeoman,  and  John 
Hardcastle  his  brother,  with  the  approbation  of 
their  father  Myles,  the  said  Thomas  being  lessee 
to  the  Archbishop  of  York,  conveying  to  said 
John  "  the  vaccaries  "  of  Bowhouse,  Gilmoore,  and 
Ewden,  the  pasture  of  the  forest  of  Thornton,  the 
bruseinge  of  hollinge  trees  and  of  other  closes  and 
grounds  lately  occupied  by  one  Ricrofte.  Con- 
taining recitals  and  covenants,  and  bearing  the  seal 
and  autosrraph  of  "  John  Hardcastel,"  and  of  three 
witnesses",  viz.  Galfride  Adamson,  Mathew  Wade 
and  Richard  Hewson. 

A  deed  dated  12th  November,  1666,  made  be- 
tween William  Wlieatley  of  Thornton  Westwood, 
Ripon,  co.  York,  Gentleman,  William  Laycon,  of 
Sawley,  Gent.,  and  Thomas  Hardcastle,  of  Hob- 
greene,  Yeoman,  of  the  one  part,  and  Peter  In- 
gleby, of  Raventofts,  Gentleman,  of  the  other  part, 
assigning  their  interest  in  a  lease  under  the  see  of 
York  of  a  messuage,  several  closes,  &c.,  in  Thorn- 
ton Westwoods.  This  deed  bears  the  seal  and 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


259 


autograph  of  "  Pet.  Ingelbye,"  and  is  witnessed 
by  Tho.  Redshawe,  Will.  Redshaw,  and  John 
Stonaket  (?),  Junr. 

A  deed  dated  26th  March,  1689,  made  between 
George  Smith,  of  Midleham,  York,  Gent.,  and 
Arthur  Marshill,  of  Masham,  Gent.,  upon  the 
marriage  of  the  said  George  with  Anne,  late 
daughter  of  John  Hutchinson,  of  Rookwith,  set- 
tling the  land  and  meadow  called  Breadeboone, 
Calf'e  Haw,  Brindon's  Fall,  Carr,  Intack  alias 
Akeheads,  and  Bouthvvaite  Grainge  in  Netherdale, 
lately  occupied  by  Abraham  Smith,  the  father  of 
said  George,  and  then  possessed  by  Henry  Inman. 
The  seal  and  autograph  of  George  Smith  are 
placed  to  this  deed,  and  it  is  witnessed  by  Jo. 
Hutchinson,  Michaell  Jaques,  Abraham  Smith, 
and  Men.  Jaques. 

A  deed,  dated  4th  December,  1707,  between 
James  Langstrath,  of  Bowthwrite  Grange,  and  his 
wife  Anne,  the  widow  of  George  Smith,  and 
Thomas  Hinks,  of  Markinton,  reciting  a  deed  of 
the  9th  December,  1670,  made  between  Jennet, 
the  widow  of  Abraham  Smith,  and  William  Layton, 
Henry  Redshaw  and  Roger- Wright,  and  conveying 
a  messuage  or  Stire  House,  and  several  closes  at 
Burshwate  in  Netherdale.  This  deed  is  witnessed 
by  Chr.  Driffeild,  Chr.  Braithwaite,  and  Tho.  Fo- 
thergill.  JAMES  F.  FERGUSOH. 

Dublin. 


THE    SWEDISH   LANGUAGE. 

In  Vol.  vii.,  pp.  231.  366.,  and  Vol.  ix.,  p.  601., 
are  papers  containing  examples  of  very  many 
Swedish  words  current  in  England  and  Scotland. 
And  your  learned  correspondent  SWECAS  con- 
cludes his  note  by  saying,  — 

"  It  is  a  fact  very  little  known,  that  the  Swedish  language 
bears  the  closest  resemblance  of  all  modern  languages  to 
the  English  as  regards  the  grammatical  structure,  not 
even  the  Danish  excepted." 

This  assertion  is  not  too  positive,  but  strictly 
true,  as  the  following  quotation,  taken  at  random 
from  Fredrika  Bremer's  writings,  will  prove.  Its 
insertion  in  "  N.  &  Q."  may  be  interesting  to  some 
readers.  I  ask,  Can  a  passage  of  the  same  length 
in  any  other  ancient  or  modern  language  be  found 
which  exhibits  such  exact  correspondences  with 
the  English  ?  The  translation  is  word  for  word 
with  the  original,  and  does  not  profess  to  be  ele- 
gant. 

"  Den  Sorjande  JHodren. 
The  Sorrowing  Mother. 

Ser    ni,    nftra      cyrkogardens  mur,      denna  quinnos- 
See  you,  near  the  churchyard-wall,      this       female 

kapnad,  sittande  paa  en  sten,  och  orblig  som  denna? 
.  form,  sitting  on  a  stone,  and  motionless  as  it  ? 

Vaardslost  falla  lockar  af  granade  haar  ned  bfver  hennes 
Neglected  fall  curls  of  grey  hair  down  over  her 


axlar,     vinden     leker  med  hennes  sonderrifna  klader. 
shoulder,  the  wind  sports  with    her        tattered      gar- 

Hon  ar  gammal  och  stelnad,  men    ej   blott     af 
ments.    She  is      old      and    stiff,     but  not  alone  from 

aar.    Gaa  ej      kallt   fbrbi —  gif  henne  en     skarf; — 
age.    Go   not    coldly   past  —  give    her     a  farthing;  — 

lange  skall  hon  ej   besvara  er. 
long  shall  she  not  trouble  you. 

Se   hennes  krycka  —  hennes  slocknande  b'gon ;  smartan 
See    her     crutch  —    her      bursting    eyes ;  the  grief 

omkring  den  tysta  munnen ;   hvarf  ore  sitter  hon  der  ? 
around   the  closed   mouth ;   wherefore    sits    she  there  ? 

derfb're  att  hon  ej    kan  vara  annorstades — honar   der 
because  that  she  not  can  exist   elsewhere —  she  is  where 

hennes  hjerta  ar,  vid  sine     barn's       graf.         Sorgen 
her     heart   is,  by   her  children's  grave.    The  sorrow 

ofver  dem  har  gjort  hennes  bgons  och  hennes  fbrstaand's 
over  them  has  made    her      eyes  and    her      intellect's 

lijus      skumma.      Hon  marker    ej,    hur     hostlofven 
clearness     dim.          She  observes  not  how  the  autumn 

falla  omkrong  henne,  hon  kannen  ej     daa    vaarvin- 
wind  falls  around     her,    she  knows  not  when  the  spring 

dar    smalta       snbn      paa     grafven,     men  alia  dagar 
winds   melt     the  snow  on    the  graves,  but    all    days 

gaar  hon     dit ;      och  sommaren's  hetta  och  vinterns  kold 
goes  she  thither ;  and  summer's     heat  and  winter's  cold 

finner  henne    der,      lika   stilla,   lika   kanslolbs.      Ingen 
find      her    there,  alike  still,   alike  insensible.     None 

som  kanner  henne,  talar  till  henne,  och  hon  talar  till 
who  know      her,    speak  to     her,     and  she  speaks  to 

ingen.     Hon  har  dock  ett  maal,  hon  vSntar —   hvad? 
no  one.     She  has  yet   an  object,  she  waits — for  what? 

Dbden !     Under   laanga    aar    har  hon    sett      grafvar 
Death !      During   long    years  has  she    seen  the  graves 

omkring   sig    oppnas,    och    i  tyst  och  fredligt 

around    her    opened,   and  in  (their)  silent  and  peaceful 

skbte  emottaga  jorden's  trbtte  vandrare ;  men  iinnu  sitter 
bosom    receive    earth's    tired  travellers ;  but  still    sits 

hon  en      dbd,        bland    de  db'da,  och  vantar." 
she    a  dying  one,  among  the  dead,  and  waits." 

E.  F.  WOODMAN. 


ANECDOTE    OF   THE   BATTLE    OP   WORCESTEB. 

On  the  Bromyard  road,  some  three  miles  and  a 
half  from  the  city  of  Worcester,  is  Cotheridge  Court, 
the  manorial  residence  of  the  Berkeleys.  The  Mr. 
Berkeley  who  held  it  at  the  date  of  the  battle  of 
Worcester  was  a  stout  royalist,  and  went  to  help 
the  falling  fortunes  of  his  king.  It  so  chanced 
that  he  had  two  piebald  horses,  who  were  exactly 
like  each  other,  "  specially  Sambo,"  as  the  niggers 
say.  He  made  one  of  these  horses  his  charger, 
and  rode  him  to  the  fight.  When  Cromwell  had 
gained  his  "  crowning  merits,"  Mr.  Berkeley 
escaped  to  Cotheridge  as  best  he  might ;  and 
planning  a  very  skilful  ruse,  left  his  exhausted 
charger  at  one  of  his  farm-houses  not  far  from  the 
Court.  He  then  betook  himself  to  bed,  and,  as  he 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  257. 


had  foreseen,  a  troop  of  crop-headed  parliament- 
arists  now  made  their  appearance  before  his  doors 
and  sought  admittance.  Mr.  Berkeley  was  ill  in 
bed,  and  could  not  be  seen.  Fudge !  they  must 
see  him.  So  they  go  to  his  bed-side.  "  So  you 
were  fighting  against  us  at  Worcester  to-day,  were 
you  ?  "  say  the  crop-heads.  "  Me !  "  says  Mr. 
Berkeley,  faintly  and  innocently;  "why,  lam  sick, 
and  forced  to  keep  my  bed."  "  All  very  fine," 
say  the  crop-heads,  "  but  you  were  there,  my  dear 
sir,  for  you  rode  a  piebald  charger,  and  were  very 
conspicuous."  "  It  could  not  have  been  me,"  says 
the  sick  man,  "  for  though  I  certainly  do  ride  a 
piebald  charger  when  I  am  in  health,  yet  he  has 
never  been  out  of  the  stable  all  day.  If  you  doubt 
my  word,  you  had  better  go  to  the  stable  and 
satisfy  yourselves."  So  the  crop-heads  go  to  the 
stable,  and  there,  of  course,  find  piebald  No.  2.  as 
fresh  as  a  daisy,  and  evidently  not  from  Worcester. 
So  they  conclude  that  they  had  mistaken  their 
man,  and  leave  the  sick  Mr.  Berkeley  to  get  well, 
and  laugh  over  the  ruse  he  has  so  successfully 
played  upon  them. 

Not  far  from  Cotheridge,  on  the  Bransford  road, 
is  an  old  roadside  inn  called  "  The  White-hall," 
opposite  to  which  is  a  cottage,  the  remnant  of  a 
larger  house  which  stood  there  in  1651.  A  family 
of  the  name  of  Davis  possessed  it,  and  their 
descendants  live  there  to  this  day.  It  has  been 
traditionally  handed  down  in  the  family,  that,  after 
the  battle  of  Worcester,  some  of  Cromwell's 
troopers  came  to  the  house  and  demanded  refresh- 
ment. The  woman  brought  it  out,  and  said, 
"  Before  I  give  it  you,  I  must  ask  who  will  pay 
me  ? "  Upon  which  one  of  the  troopers  said, 
"  Here  is  he  who  will  pay  you  !  "  and,  drawing  his 
sword,  flourished  it  in  the  woman's  face. 

CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.  A. 


HIGH  CHURCH  AND  LOW  CHURCH. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  ix.,  p.  97.) 

Any  Notes  on  the  present  subject  would  be 
imperfect  without  a  reference  to  some  of  the 
voluminous  writings  of  the  author  of  Robinson 
Crusoe,  the  indomitable  Daniel  De  Foe.*  It  is 

*  The  labours  of  Dr.  Towers,  Mr.  Chalmers,  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Mr.  Wilson,  and  Mr.  Hazlitt,  &c.,  serve  to  show 
that  De  Foe  is  appreciated  as  he  deserves  by  many, 
though  the  value  of  his  -writings  be  not  known  to  the 
public  generally. 

Mr.  Wilson's  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Times  of  Daniel 
De  Foe,  London,  1830,  3  vols.  8vo.,  though  the  work  of  a 
thorough  partisan,  is  yet  a  most  valuable  book,  replete 
with  information  on  the  party  history  of  that  time.  I 
hare  derived  much  assistance  from  it  in  writing  the  pre- 
sent Note,  though  I  have  most  of  the  rarer  books  I  quote 
in  my  own  possession.  In  the  preface,  Mr.  Wilson  de- 
clares that  he  has  made  large  collections  concerning  De 


necessary  to  notice,  also,  some  of  the  writings  of 
Charles  Leslie  the  Nonjuror,  who  is  styled  by 
Puritan  writers  the  great  champion  of  High 
Churchmen  —  the  Coryphasus  of  his  party. 

De  Foe's  most  celebrated  pamphlet  is  thus 
entitled  : 

"  The  Shortest  Way  with  the  Dissenters ;  or,  Proposals 
for  the  Establishment  of  the  Church.  London :  printed 
in  the  year  1702.  4to.,  pp.  29." 

The  irony  of  this  satire  was  so  exquisite,  that  it 
deceived  both  High  and  Low ;  and  many  of  the 
more  violent  of  the  former  party  welcomed  it  as  an 
admirable  production.  When  the  writer  was  found 
out,  and  his  scope  perceived,  the  fury  and  indigna- 
tion of  High  Churchmen  knew  no  bounds.  De  Foe 
was  prosecuted  for  libel,  and  condemned  to  pay  a 
fine  of  200  marks  to  the  queen*,  to  stand  three  times 
in  the  pillory,  to  be  imprisoned  during  the  queen's 
pleasure,  and  to  find  sureties  for  his  good  beha- 
viour for  seven  years.  A  High-Church  writer 
thus  speaks  of  the  pamphlet : 

"  It  passed  currently  as  the  work  of  one  of  those  they 
called  High  Churchmen ;  and  though  the  pretended  zeal 
and  earnestness  of  the  author,  to  have  the  Dissenters 
treated  according  to  their  deserts,  was  universal!}'  con- 
demned by  Churchmen  in  general,  yet  it  served  the  pur- 
pose well  enough  to  brand  that  whole  body  with  blood- 
thirstiness  and  a  persecuting  spirit,  till,  by  the  diligence  of 
the  government,  it  appeared  that  no  Churchman  had  been 
so  little  a  Christian ;  but  that  it  was  done  by  one  of  the 
chief  scribes  of  the  other  party  with  a  mere  design  to 
halloo  the  mob  to  make  the  world  believe  that  the  Dissenters' 
throats  were  to  be  cut  the  shortest  way,  and  to  provoke  these 
to  begin  first  for  their  own  preservation ;  for  which  wicked 
attempt  the  author  had  his  just  reward.  But  the  party 
were  so  little  ashamed  of  it,  that  whenever  it  was  objected 
against  them,  it  was  only  grinned  off  as  a  piece  of  wit  and 
management."  f 

To  complete  the  punishment,  the  book  was 
burnt  by  the  hands  of  the  common  hangman  by 
order  of  Parliament.  However,  the  man  who 
wrote  a  "  Hymn  to  the  Pillory"  was  not  likely  to 

Foe's  antagonists,  sufficient  to  form  a  companion  volume. 
I  am  not  aware  that  this  ever  appeared :  it  would  have 
been  a  valuable  addition.  In  a  note  he  remarks,  that 
"  Mr.  Stace  has  probably  one  of  the  largest  collections  of 
De  Foe's  works  that  is  to  be  found  in  the  kingdom.  It 
consists  altogether  of  more  than  a  hundred  pieces,  and  I 
understand  is  now  offered  for  sale."  What  became  of  this 
collection  ?  Much  information  may  be  derived  also  from 
De  Foe's  Essay  on  the  History  of  Parties  and  Persecution 
in  Britain  .  .  .  London,  1711,  8vo.,  pp.  48;  and  from  The 
History  of  Faction,  alias  Hypocrisy,  alias  Moderation  .  .  . 
London,  pp.  176,  ascribed  to  Colonel  Tuft  on. 

*  By  De  Foe's  long  imprisonment  on  this  occasion,  he 
lost  upwards  of  3500/.,  and  was  reduced  to  ruin. 

f  "  A  Caveat  against  the  Whigs,  in  a  Short  His- 
torical View  of  their  Transactions.  Wherein  are  dis- 
covered their  many  Attempts  and  Contrivances  against 
the  established  Government,  both  in  Church  and  State, 
since  the  Restoration  of  King  Charles  II.  London:  1711, 
8vo."  The  third  and  fourth  parts  of  this  work  were  pub- 
lished in  1712.  The  passage  above  cited  is  from  Part  IV., 
pp.  38,  39. 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


261 


mind  the  latter  indignity ;    accordingly,  De  Foe 
remarks  in  one  of  hi»  works  : 

'•'  I  have  heard  a  bookseller  ia  King  James's  time  say, 
'That  if  he  would  have  a  book  sell,  he  would  have  it 
burnt  by  the  hands  of  the  common  hangman.'  " — Essay 
on  Projects,  p.  173. 

Shortly  after  he  wrote  — 

"  A  Brief  Explanation  of  a  late  Pamphlet,  entitled  '  The 
Shortest  Way  with  the  Dissenters.'  London,  1703.  4to."  * 

And  next  year  our  "unabashed  De  Foe"  pub- 
lishes— 

"  More  Short  Ways  with  the  Dissenters.  London, 
1704,  4to.,  pp.  24." 

The  keen  satire  entitled  The  Shortest  Way  with 
the  Dissenters,  drew  forth  a  vast  number  of  replies 
and  animadversions.  I  mention  one  for  the  sake 
of  the  title  : 

"  The  Fox  with  his  Firebrand  unkennelled  and  en- 
snared ;  or,  a  Short  Answer  to  Mr.  Daniel  Defoe's  '  Shortest 
Way  with  the  Dissenters.'  As  also  to  his  'Brief  Expli- 
cation '  of  the  same.  Together  with  some  Animadversions 
upon  the  Sham  Reflections  made  upon  his  '  Shortest 
Way,'  and  printed  with  the  same.  London :  printed  in 
the  year  1703,  4to." 

De  Foe's  satire  was  not  altogether  uncalled  for, 
and  is  justified  by  many  writings  of  the  High 
Church  party.  It  seems  to  have  especial  reference 
to  a  sermon  of  Dr.  Sacheverell's,  preached  before 
the  University  of  Oxford,  and  printed  with  the 
imprimatur  of  the  Vice-Chancellor,  dated  June  2, 
1702.  It  is  entitled  — 

"  The  Political  Union :  A  Discourse,  showing  the  De- 
pendence of  Government  on  Religion  in  general ;  and  of 
the  English  Monarchy  on  the  Church  of  England  in  par- 
ticular." 

In  it  occurs  the  following  passage  : 

"  Men  must  be  strange  infatuated  sots  and  bigots  to  be 
so  much  in  love  with  their  ruin,  as  to  seek  and  court  it : 
and  it  is  as  unaccountable  and  amazing  a  contradiction  to 
our  reason,  as  the  greatest  reproach  and  scandal  upon  our 
Church,  however  others  may  be  seduced  or  misled,  that 
any  pretending  to  that  sacred  and  inviolable  character  of 
being  her  true  sons,  pillars,  and  defenders,  should  turn 
such  apostates  and  renegadoes  to  their  oaths  and  profes- 
sions, such  false  traitors  to  their  trusts  and  offices,  as  to 
strike  sail  with  a  party  that  is  such  an  open  and  avowed 
enemy  to  our  Communion ;  and  against  whom  every  man 
that  wishes  its  welfare  ought  to  hang  out  the  Bloody  Flag 
and  Banner  of  Defiance.  But  in  this,  as  well  as  most 
other  circumstances,  both  our  Church  and  State  share  the 
same  common  fate,  that  they  can  be  ruined  by  none  but 
themselves ;  and  that,  if  ever  they  receive  a  mortal  stab 
or  wound,  it  must  be  in  the  house  of  their  friends." 

Dennis   replied  to    this   sermon   in    a    pamphlet 
entitled  — 

"  The  Danger  of  Priestcraft  to  Religion  and  Govern- 
ment ;  with  some  Politick  Reasons  for  a  Toleration,  &c. 
London,  1702." 

*  De  Foe  gives  an  "explanation"  of  this  satire  in 
another  work  also :  see  Tlte  Present  State  of  Parties  in. 
Great  Britain,  London,  1712,  8vo.,  pp.  18.  21." 


Which  was  answered  by  Charles  Leslie  in  — 

"  The  New  Association  of  those  called  Moderate  Church- 
men, with  the  Modern  Whigs  and  Fanaticks,  to  under- 
mine and  blow  up  the  present  Church  and  Government. 
Occasioned  by  a  late  Pamphlet,  entitled  '  The  Danger  of 
Priestcraft,'  &c.  With  a  Supplement  on  occasion  of  the 
New  Scotch  Presbyterian  Covenant.  By  a  True  Church- 
man. London,  1702,  4to." 

Upon  Nov.  5,  1709,  Dr.  Sacheverell  preached 
his  famous  sermon  at  St.  Paul's,  The  Perils  among 
False  Brethren  ;  which,  after  his  being  impeached 
before  the  House  of  Commons,  and  condemned  by 
the  Lords,  was  burnt  by  the  hangman. 

Dr.  Sacheverell's  trial,  and  the  agitation  of  the 
Tory  mob,  produced  many  publications.  The  first 
I  shall  refer  to  is  that  by  Ned  Ward,  one  of  the 
inferior  grade  of  High  Church  partisans.  This 
writer  published  his  effusions  in  separate  cantos, 
and  afterwards  collected  them  into  a  volume  with 
the  following  title : 

"  Vulgus  Britannicus ;  or,  The  British  Hudibras,  in 
Fifteen  Cantos.  The  Five  Parts  complete  in  One  Volume. 
Containing  the  Secret  History  of  the  late  London  Mob ; 
their  Rise,  Progress,  and  Suppression  by  the  Guards; 
intermixed  with  the  Civil  Wars  betwixt  High  Church  and 
Low  Church,  down  to  this  Time.  Being  a  Continuation 
of  the  late  ingenious  Mr.  Butler's  '  Hudibras.'  Written 
by  the  Author  of '  The  London  Spy.'  The  Second  Edi- 
tion, adorned  with  Cuts  of  Battles,  Emblems,  and  Effigies, 
engraven  on  Copper  Plates.  London :  printed  for  Sam. 
Briscoe,  &c.,  1710,  8vo.,  pp.  180." 

At  this  period  De  Foe  published  his  — 

"  Instructions  from  Rome  in  favour  of  the  Pretender. 
Inscribed  to  the  most  elevated  Don  Sacheverellio,  and  his 
Brother  Don  Higginisco.  And  which  all  Perkinites, 
Non-Jurors,  High-Flyers,  Popish-Desirers,  Wooden-shoe 
Admirers*,  and  Abs'olute  Non-resistance  Drivers,  are 
obliged  to  pursue  and  maintain,  under  pain  of  his  Un- 
holinesses  Damnation,  in  order  to  carry  on  their  intended 
Subversion  of  a  Government  fixed  upon  Revolution  Prin- 
ciples. London :  J.  Baker,  1710,  8vo." 

And  also  — 

"  The  High  Church  Address  to  Dr.  Henry  Sacheveretl, 
for  the  great  Service  he  has  done  the  Established  Church 
and  Nation :  wherein  is  shown  the  Justice  of  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  those  Gentlemen  who  have  encouraged  the 
pulling  down  and  destroying  those  Nurseries  of  Schism, 
the  Presbyterian  Meeting-houses.  Submitted  to  the 
Consideration  of  all  Good  Churchmen  and  Conscientious 
Dissenters.  London :  J.  Baker,  1710.  Price  One  Penny." 

In  1704  De  Foe  published  a  pamphlet,  entitled 

*  Wooden  shoes  rank  among  the  chief  evils  from  which 
we  were  delivered  in  "  that  never-to-be-forgotten  year  of 
grace  1688."  They  are  gratefully  enumerated  in  the  famous 
Orange  toast :  "  To  the  Glorious,  Pious,  and  Immortal 
Memory  of  the  Great  Deliverer,  £c.,  who  rescued  us  from 
Popery,  Prelacy,  Brass  Money,  and  Wooden  Shoes."  They 
may  be  said  to  form  part  of  the  Greater  Litany  of  the 
Puritans.  The  Lesser  Litany  runs  simply : 

"  From  Plague,  Pestilence,  and  Famine ; 
From  Bishops,  Priests,  and  Deacons ; 

Good  Lord,  deliver  us !  " 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  257. 


The  Christianity  of  the  High  Church  considered, 
London,  1704,  4to.,  pp.  20. 

In  1705  a  violent  party  work  appeared,  en- 
titled — 

"  The  Memorial  of  the  Church  of  England,  humbly 
offered  to  the  Consideration  of  all  the  True  Lovers  of  our 
Church  and  Constitution.  London,  1705,  4to.,  pp.  56." 

De  Foe  replied  to  it  in  — 

"The  High  Church  Legion;  or,  The  Memorial  exa- 
mined. Being  a  New  Test  of  Moderation ;  as  'tis  recom- 
mended to  all  that  love  the  Church  of  England  and  the 
Constitution.  London,  1705,  4to.,  pp.  21." 

The  Memorial  itself  was  subjected  to  the  fashion- 
able process  of  the  time,  for  it  was  presented  at 
the  Old  Bailey,  and  ordered  by  the  Court  to  be 
burnt  by  the  common  hangman. 

In  The  Review  for  October  30,  1705,  De  Foe 
inserted  the  following  advertisement,  which  was 
probably  a  jeu  d'esprit,  as  the  work  never  ap- 
peared : 

"  Preparing  for  the  press,  and  to  be  published  in  a  few 
days,  the  first  volume  of  twenty-six  centuries  of  High- 
flying Churchmen  in  England,  who  have  sworn  allegiance 
to  the  Government,  and  get  their  bread  under  the  protec- 
tion of  it ;  basely  and  villanously  betray  the  nation  and 
the  Church,  by  openly  and  maliciously  aiding,  siding 
with,  and  abetting  the  Popish  and  non-juring  party  in 
England ;  abusing  the  queen,  the  bishops,  and  the  best 
Churchmen  in  the  kingdom ;  fomenting  divisions  amongst 
Protestants,  and  diligently  widening  the  unhappy  breaches 
of  the  nation.  To  which  are  added  large  collections  of 
their  wise  sayings  and  common  maxims  in  favour  of  Po- 
pery, and  an  abhorrence  of  moderation :  together  with 
the  characters  and  abridgments  of  their  respective  his- 
tories; and  a  large  examination  of  two  new  High-Church 
maxims :  1.  I  had  rather  be  a  Papist  than  a  Presbyterian ; 
2.  I  had  rather  go  to  hell  than  to  a  meeting-house ;  both 
learnedly  asserted  by  two  vigorous  defenders  of  High 
Church  principles ;  one  a  man  of  the  gbwn,  and  the  other 
of  the  sword." 

In  the  same  year  he  wrote  — 

"The  Experiment;  or,  the  Shortest  Way  with  the 
Dissenters  exemplified.  Being  the  case  of  Mr.  Abraham 
Gill,  a  Dissenting  Minister  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  and  a  full 
account  of  his  being  sent  for  a  soldier,  by  Mr.  Fern  (an 
Ecclesiastical  Justice  of  Peace)  and  other  conspirators,  to 
the  eternal  honour  of  the  temper  and  moderation  of  High- 
Church  principles.  London,  1705,  4to.,  pp.  58." 

As  this  book  did  not  sell  well,  it  was  issued  with 
a  new  title-page  as  a  second  edition.  It  was  then 
called  — 

"  The  Modest}*  and  Sincerity  of  those  "Worthy  Gentle- 
men, commonly  called  High  Churchmen,  exemplified  in  a 
modern  Instance.  London,  1707." 


JARLTZBERG. 


(To  le  continued.) 


The  Isle  of  Serpents.  —  Many  years  ago,  when 
P.  C.  S.  S.  was  resident  in  Turkey,  he  had  occa- 
sion to  make  frequent  reference  to  Arrian.  On 
finding  that  the  Island  of  Serpents  has  been  lately 
appointed  as  the  rendezvous  for  the  expedition 
against  the  Crimea,  P.  C.  S.  S.  was  reminded  of 
the  gift  of  that  island  by  Thetis  to  Achilles,  and 
of  the  pretty  fable  respecting  the  manner  in  which 
the  temple  of  that  hero  was  kept  clean.  Accord- 
ing to  Arrian,  a  multitude  of  aquatic  birds  of  all 
sorts  abounded  there,  which  alone  had  the  care  of 
the  temple.  They  repaired  every  morning  to  the 
sea,  where  they  bathed  their  wings,  afterwards 
sweeping  with  their  plumage  the  sacred  pavement. 
From  the  immense  number  of  these  birds,  and 
.from  the  colour  of  their  dung,  the  island  was 
known  to  the  Greeks  by  the  name  of  Leuce.  The 
shades  of  both  Achilles  and  Patroclus,  who  was 
equally  worshipped  there,  are  also  said  to  have 
appeared  in  dreams  to  those  who  visited  the  island, 
and  to  have  pointed  out  the  safest  place  for  land- 
ing. Whether  this  invaluable  faculty  still  con- 
tinues to  exist,  and  whether  it  extends  to  the 
neighbouring  shores  of  the  Crimea,  may  now  be  a 
matter  of  doubt ;  which,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  may  be 
cleared  up,  if  the  allied  admirals  keep  a  record  of 
their  dreams  when  they  rendezvous  at  the  Isle  of 
Serpents.  P.  C.  S.  S. 

Lover's  Song. — I  do  not  know  whether  the 
beautiful  song  of  "  The  Spanish  Mother  to  her 
Child"  was  really  suggestive  of  Lover's  equally 
beautiful  and  well-known  song  beginning,  "A 
baby  was  sleeping."  But  if  not,  some  of  your 
readers  may  not  be  displeased  to  be  reminded  of 
the  parallel  place. 

"  Tu  duermes,  cara  nina, 
Tu  duermes  en  la  paz, 
Los  angeles  del  cielo — 
Los  angeles  guardan,  guardan, 
Nina  mia,"  &c. 

WM.  HAZETV, 

Ministerial  Changes,  Sfc.  — 

"  Col.  Grey's  Letter  to  Lord  Mahon  on  the  Ministerial 
Changes  of  1801  and  1804,  privately  printed  1852." 

In  the  postscript  Col.  Grey  says  : 

"  I  cannot  print  the  foregoing  letter  without  adding  a 
note,  to  contrast  the  conduct  of  my  father  at  this  time 
towards  Mr.  Fox  with  that  of  the  Whig  party  towards 
himself  at  a  later  period,  when,  in  1827,  they  left  him  to 
join  Mr.  Canning." 

After  the  letter  was  printed,  Col.  Grey  added,  in 
writing,  the  words  "  a  large  portion  of."  As  the 
history  of  the  political  transactions  of  the  period 
in  question  will,  in  all  probability,  not  be  written 
until  a  considerable  period  has  elapsed,  the  editor 
has  been  induced  to  add  the  following  note,  which 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


263 


has  been  contributed  from  the  best  authority,  and 
has  only  to  regret  he  is  not  permitted  to  name  it : 

"  Before  the  period  in  question,  Lord  Grey  contemplated 
retiring  from  public  life,  and  recommended  those  political 
friends  who  regarded  him  as  their  leader,  to  place  them- 
selves under  the  guidance  of  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne. 
Jt  is  well  known  that  noble  Lord,  and  'a  large  portion'  of 
the  Whig  party,  did  support  Mr.  Canning ;  but  a  portion 
of  the  party,  equally  large,  did  not.  Among  the  latter 
may  be  named  the  late  Duke  of  Bedford,  the  late  Lord 
Rosslyn,  Lord  Jersey,  and  others,  in  the  House  of  Lords. 
The  present  Duke  of  Bedford,  Lord  Althorpe,  Lord  George 
Cavendish,  Mr.  Coke  of  Norfolk,  and  many  others  in  the 
House  of  Commons. 

"  This  portion  of  the  party  in  the  House  of  Commons 
•were  called  the  '  Charleys,'  or  Watchmen.  Lord  Althorpe, 
in  writing  to  a  friend,  said  he  should  observe  a  favourable 
neutrality." — Martin's  Bibliographical  Catalogue  of  pri- 
vately-printed Books,  2nd  edit. 

ANON. 

Lord  Chancellor  Hattoris  Estates.  —  The  late 
Sir  Harris  Nicolas,  in  his  interesting  Life  of  Sir 
Christopher  Hatton  (foot-note,  p.  593.),  professes 
to  correct  an  error  ascribed  to  Lord  Campbell,  in 
his  Life  of  Lord  Chief  Justice  Coke,  in  stating 
"  that  his  lordship  got  possession  of  Hatton's 
estate,"  he  never  having  done  so  for  the  reasons 
assigned  by  Sir  Harris  in  the  note  referred  to. 
In  making  this  statement  Sir  Harris  himself  erred, 
doubtlessly  for  want  of  materials,  because  there 
exists  unquestionable  documentary  evidence  show- 
ing that  Lord  Coke  acquired  by  his  marriage  (in 
1598-9)  with  the  celebrated  Lady  Elizabeth  Hat- 
ton,  widow  of  Sir  William  Hatton  alias  Newport, 
divers  manors  and  estates  of  great  extent  and  value, 
which  Sir  William,  her  first  husband,  inherited 
from  his  uncle,  the  Lord  Chancellor,  and  which  Sir 
William  settled  on  Lady  Hatton ;  in  whose  right 
her  second  husband,  Sir  Edward  Coke,  enjoyed 
them  for  some  years,  and  until  they  were  disposed 
of.  T.  W.  JONES. 

Nantwich. 


duerfeg. 

THE    MAYOR   OF   MYLOR. 

Having  lately  become  the  fortunate  possessor 
of  a  complete  set  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  have  found  its 
pages  to  be  full  both  of  instruction  and  amuse- 
ment not  to  be  found  elsewhere  ;  and  I  should  be 
loth  to  exchange  the  nine  volumes  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
for  thrice  that  number  of  any  other  periodical  of 
greater  pretensions.  Will  you  allow  me  to  make 
a  Note  or  two,  and  append  a  Query  to  each  ? 

The  Mayor  of  Mylor.  —  There  is  a  curious 
custom  in  the  town  of  Penryn  in  Cornwall,  which 
has  outlived  as  yet  all  modern  innovations.  On 
some  particular  day  in  September  or  October  (I 
forget  the  precise  date),  about  the  time  when 
hazel-nuts  are  ripe,  the  festival  of  Nutting-day  is 
kept.  The  rabble  of  the  town  go  into  the  country 


to  gather  nuts,  returning  towards  evening  with 
boughs  of  hazel  in  their  hands,  shouting  and 
making  a  great  noise.  In  the  mean  time  the 
journeymen  tailors  of  the  town  have  proceeded  to 
the  adjoining  village  of  Mylor,  and  elected  one  of 
their  number  "  Mayor  of  Mylor,"  taking  care  the 
selection  falls  on  the  wittiest.  Seated  in  a  chair 
shaded  with  green  boughs,  and  borne  on  the 
shoulders  of  four  stalwart  men,  the  worthy  mayor 
proceeds  from  his  "  good  town  of  Mylor  "  to  his 
"  ancient  borough  of  Penryn,"  the  van  being  led 
by  the  "  body  guard"  of  stout  fellows  well  armed 
with  cudgels,  which  they  do  not  fail  to  use  should 
their  path  be  obstructed ;  torch-bearers,  and  two 
"  town  Serjeants,"  clad  in  the  official  gowns  and 
cocked  hats,  and  carrying  each  a  monstrous  cab- 
bage on  his  shoulder  in  lieu  of  the  mace.  The 
rear  is  brought  up  by  the  rabble  of  "  nutters." 
About  midway  a  band  of  music  meets  them,  and 
plays  them  to  Penryn,  where  they  are  received  by 
the  entire  population.  The  procession  proceeds 
to  the  town  hall,  in  front  of  which  the  mayor 
delivers  a  speech  declaratory  6f  his  intended 
improvements,  &c.,  for  the  coming  year,  being 
generally  an  excellent  sarcastic  burlesque  on  the 
speeches  of  parliamentary  candidates.  The  pro- 
cession then  moves  on  to  each  public-house  door, 
where  the  mayor,  his  council,  and  officers  are 
liberally  supplied  with  liquor,  and  the  speech  is 
repeated,  with  variations.  They  then  adjourn  to 
the  "  council  chamber  "  in  some  public-house,  and 
devote  the  night  to  drinking.  At  dark  the  streets 
are  filled  with  people  bearing  torches,  throwing 
fire-balls,  and  discharging  rockets ;  and  huge 
bonfires  are  kindled  on  the  "  Green  "  and  "  Old 
Walls."  The  legal  mayor  once  made  an  effort  to 
put  a  stop  to  this  saturnalia,  but  his  new-made 
brother  issued  prompt  orders  to  his  body  guards, 
and  the  posse  comitatus  had  to  fly. 

The  popular  opinion  is  that  there  is  a  clause 
in  the  borough  charter  compelling  the  legitimate 
mayor  to  surrender  his  power  to  the  "  Mayor  of 
Mylor  "  on  the  night  in  question,  and  to  lend  the 
town  Serjeants'  paraphernalia  to  the  gentlemen  of 
the  shears. 

Can  any  of  your  antiquarian  readers  inform  me 
of  the  origin  of  this  curious  custom  ?  and  whether 
this  "  lord  of  misrule "  really  takes  precedence 
of  the  constituted  authorities  on  the  night  in 
question  ?  J.  H.  A.  BONB. 

Cleveland,  United  States. 


"EMM  AND  MARIA." 

As  the  second  edition  of  Mr.  Martin's  work  on 
Privately-printed  Books  has  not  hitherto  appeared 
on  the  north  of  the  Tweed,  and  as  the  first  edition 
affords  no  information  on  the  subject,  perhaps 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  257. 


some  of  your  Glasgow  correspondents  can  disclose 
who  was  the  author  of  a  very  odd,  very  absurd, 
and  now  rare  drama,  of  which  the  following  is 
the  title  ? 


"  Elim  and  Maria :  a  Pastoral  Tragedy  in  Two  Acts, 
by  a  Friend  to  the  oppressed : 

'  Nos  patriae  finis  et  dulcia  linquimis  arva ; 
Nbs  patriam  fugimus.' —  VirgiL 

Glasgow.    Printed  in  the  year  1792,  12mo.,  pp.  26." 

The  democratic  tendency  of  this  little  piece 
may  explain  why  it  was  not  published,  and  the 
strong  feeling  in  Scotland  against  these  persons 
who  assumed  the  title  of  "  Friends  of  the  People," 
probably  made  the  avowal  of  authorship  dan- 
gerous. Now,  when  other  notions  on  liberty  are 
recognised,  the  disclosure  of  what  was  in  1792  an 
important  secret,  would  not  only  be  quite  in- 
noxious, but  might  be  a  feather  in  the  cap  of 
some  hitherto  unknown  Glasgow  "  Hampden "  or 
Gorbals  "  Cromwell." 

The  author,  like  Goldsmith,  attaches  vast  im- 
portance   to   the    agricultural    population ;    and 
suggests  that  high  rents  make  insolvent  tenants, 
and  that,  without  persons   to  farm  their  lands,  j 
landlords   will  not    be   able   to   cultivate  them  ; 
that  taxes  are  abominable;  and  that,  in  a  word, 
emigration  is  the  only  cure  for  the  manifold  an- 
noyances incident  at  that  period  to  the  peasantry.  | 
Accordingly,  Wilmor,    an   aged  "shepherd,"   al-  j 
though  very  humanely   entreated  to   remain  at 
home  by  his  landlord,  who  offers  him  every  reason- 
able relief  and  encouragement,  declines  doing  so, 
because  he  has  been  — 

"  Well  informed  by  those  from  whom  I  can  confide, 
That  lands  are  cheap,  and  everything  beside ; 
That  little  toil  will  pay  the  tenant's  rent, 
And  few  that  go,  their  going  will  repent." 

This  opinion  being  adopted  by  the  rural  popu- 
lation, who  jump  at  the  notion  of  "little"  toil  and 
cheap  lands,  there  is  a  general  embarkation,  and 
the  scornful  hero  Elim  most  ungallantly  leaves 
his  sweetheart  Maria  behind  him ;  her  charms 
being  nothing  in  comparison  with  the  attractions 
of  the  "  terra  incognita," — for  the  reader  is  not  told 
where  this  land  of  milk  and  honey  is.  The  young 
lady's  parents,  not  being  so  sanguine  as  to  the 
success  of  the  scheme  as  the  lover,  will  not  permit 
her  to  accompany  him,  and  the  drama  concludes 
with  the  parting  of  the  hero  and  the  heroine  ;  the 
former  jumping  into  the  boat  which  was  to  take 
him  to  the  ship,  and  the  latter  very  prudently 
returning  to  her  papa  and  mamma.  J.  M. 

Edinburgh. 


11  As  sure  as  a  Gun."  —  Does  the  above  saying 
take  its  origin  from  the  circumstance  of  a  gun 
being  regularly  fired  at  sunrise  and  sunset  from 
all  castles  and  other  fortified  places,  as  well  as 
from  ships  at  sea  ?  It  can  scarcely  have  reference 
to  any  sure  reliance  on  the  contents  of  a  musket  or 
fowling-piece  ;  for,  notwithstanding  the  old  belief 
that  "  every  ball  has  its  billet,"  there  are  nearly 
as  many  indifferent  marksmen  as  there  are  "  cer- 
tain shots,"  to  say  nothing  of  guns  missing  fire, 
flashes  in  the  pan,  bursting  of  the  barrel,  &c. 

N.  L.  J. 

u  A  Fox  went  out"  Sj-c.  —  Can  any  of  the 
readers  of  "  N".  &  Q."  give  the  remainder  of  the 
ballad  of  which  I  subjoin  the  first  verse,  and  also 
the  history  of  it  ? 

"  A  fox  went  out  one  cloudy  night, 
And  pray'd  for  the  moon  to  lend  him  her  light, 
For  he  had  a  long  way  to  travel  in  the  night, 
Before  he  could  reach  the  town-a, 

The  town-a,  the  town-a ; 
For  he  had  a  long  way  to  travel  in  the  night, 
Before  he  could  reach  the  town-a." 

I  used  to  hear  it  frequently  in  West  Cornwall. 

J.  H.  A.  BONE. 

Cleveland,  United  States. 

Hozer.  —  In  a  book  of  297  pages,  8vo.,  pub- 
lished at  Paris,  1829,  entitled  Esquisse  de  la  Phi- 
losophic Allemande,  par  M.  A.  de  L ,  Hozer 

is  twice  mentioned  as  a  disciple  of  Fichte,  and  the 
following  is  given  as  a  translation  from  his  chap- 
ter "  Sur  le  Realism  e  : " 

"Expliquer  ce  qui  n'est  pas  expliquable  que  par  soi- 
meme  est  expliquer  dans  un  cercle.  Les  choses  ou  les 
actualites  expliquent  les  choses  ou  les  actualite's.  L'AB- 
SOLU  est  un  songe,  mais  la  vie  ordinaire  fournit  des 
actualites  qui  deviennent  les  seules  verites,  et  chassent  les 
speculations  vides." 

I  wish  much  to  know  if  the  above  is  correctly 
translated,  and  shall  be  obliged  by  any  one  who 
can  help  me  to  the  passage,  and  also  to  the  titles 
of  Hozer's  works  in  the  original.  Grasse  does  not 

mention  him.  M.  A.  de  L is  often  obscure 

in  his  versions,  but  rather  from  a  desire  to  be  too 
literal  than  from  ignorance. 

Was  Hozer  a  follower  of  Fichte  ?  J.  A.  E. 

Tours. 

Milton's  Mother.  —  The  genealogy  of  Milton's 
third  wife  having  recently  been  the  subject  of  an 
interesting  discussion  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  venture  to 
put  a  question  closely  connected  with  Milton 
himself.  Was  our  great  poet's  mother  a  Miss 
Sarah  Caston  ?  a  Welsh  lady,  as  some  historians 
have  stated ;  or  was  her  maiden  name  Bradshaw  ? 
as  others  have  maintained.  The  presumption 
favourable  to  the  latter  conclusion  seems  to  be 
somewhat  supported  by  the  circumstance  of  Presi- 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


dent  Bradshaw  having,  in  his  will,  recognised 
Milton  as  a  kinsman,  and  bequeathed  to  him  a 
legacy  of  101.  The  register  of  the  marriage  would 
ofcourse  satisfactorily  clear  up  the  point. 

CRANSTON. 

"  Conqueror  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Longe 
Roue."  —  An  old  document  lately  in  my  possession 
commenced  thus  : 

"  9th  Jan.  1652. 

"  These  presents  shall  warrant  whom  it  may  concern, 
that  I,  Thomas  Ellyott,  Esq.,  and  member  of  Jesus  Christ, 
and  a  free-born  son  of  the  English  nation,  and  a  free  son 
of  the  same  Commonwealth,  and  Esquire  at  Arms,  and 
Conqueror  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Longe  Robe"  &c. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  what  is  meant 
by  the  latter  description,  "  Conqueror  of  the  Gen- 
tlemen of  the  Longe  Kobe  ?  "  T.  S.  N. 

Escutcheons.  —  The  following  passage  occurs  in 
a  letter  of  1747.  The  writer  is  giving  as  executor 
an  account  of  the  funeral  of  an  old  lady,  which  he 
had  been  desirous  to  arrange  with  all  due  regard 
to  her  rank,  but  with  no  needless  ostentation. 
He  says : 

"  There  were  no  escutcheons,  believing  they  would  be 
expensive  and  not  very  necessary,  and  they  may  be  made 
for  those  of  the  family  who  have  a  mind  at  any  time." 

As  these  were  neither  for  the  front  of  the  house, 
the  pall,  nor  the  church,  what  could  the  family 
want  to  have  them  made  for?  ANON. 

Count  Neiberg,  §~c.  —  A  descendant  of  Sir  R. 
Walpole's  has  a  portrait,  which  has  come  to  him 
from  that  family,  with  the  following  MS.  on  a 
piece  of  paper  attached  to  it : 

"  Count  Neiberg  (by  Wootton)  when  he  ac- 
companied the  Duke  of  Lorraine,  afterwards 
Emperor  of  Germany,  to  England  and  Sir  Robert 
Walpole's  at  Houghton,  where  that  great  trans- 
action was  planned  and  settled." 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  throw  light  upon 
the  transaction  here  referred  to  ?  W.  C. 

Druidism,  Bardism. —  I  should  be  very  greatly 
obliged  to  any  of  your  correspondents  who  would 
direct  me  to  some  indubitably  ancient  source  of  the 
Bardic  System,  as  unfolded  by  Edward  Williams 
at  the  end  of  his  volume  of  Poems,  and  Dr.  Owen 
Pughe  (who  relied  upon  Williams  for  his  inform- 
ation) in  the  introduction  to  his  translation  of  Lly- 
wurch  Hen.  Especially  do  I  desire  to  know  the 
real  origin  of  the  very  curious  scheme  of  trans- 
migrations which  constitutes  the  moral  portion  of 
that  system.  The  lolo  MSS.,  published  by  the 
Welsh  MSS,  Society,  does  not  contain  any  suffi- 
cient evidence  of  the  system  as  delivered  by  those 
writers ;  nor  have  I  found  any  in  Mr.  Aneurin 
Owen's  edition  of  the  Laws  of  Wales,  or  in  any 
accessible  works  of  bards.  B.  B.  WOODWARD. 

Bungay,  Suffolk. 


Saint  Tellant.—Who  was  Saint  Tellant  ?  One 
of  the  bells  in  the  Church  of  Rhosilli,  in  Gower, 
Glamorganshire,  has  the  following  legend  without 
date :  "  Sancta  Tellant,  ora  pro  nobis."  The  name 
would  hardly  appear  to  be  a  Welsh  one,  neither 
should  we  expect  to  find  a  dedication  to  a  Welsh 
saint  (bearing  so  recent  an  appearance  as  does 
this  legend)  in  a  Flemish  colony  where  the  Welsh 
language  is  unknown.  The  following  tradition, 
however,  current  in  the  village,  may  perhaps  throw 
a  light  on  the  subject.  It  was  stated  that  the 
two  bells  were  taken  "once  upon  a  time"  from  a 
Spanish  wreck  [the  coast  bore  in  former  days  as 
fearful  a  reputation  for  wreckers,  as  it  still  does 
for  wrecks],  and  placed  in  the  church  tower, 
where,  "  for  many  hundred  years,"  they  were 
sounded  by  striking  with  hammers,  by  which 
means  the  one  in  question  was  broken  within  the 
memory  of  an  old  carpenter  of  ninety  years  of 
age  ;  who,  thereupon,  assisted  in  hanging  the  other 
lest  it  should  share  a  similar  fate.  Is  it  not  pos- 
sible that  an  examination  of  the  sister  bell  might 
give  some  farther  information  ?  SELEUCUS. 

Acton  Family  of  Shropshire.  —  Thomas  Acton, 
second  son  of  Sir  Edward  Acton,  first  baronet, 
married  Mabel  Stonor,  daughter  of  Clement 
Stonor.  He  left  at  hie  decease  in  1677  two  sons, 
Thomas  and  Clement.  Did  they  leave  male  issue  ? 
Had  either  of  them  a  son  John,  who  died  in  1774, 
aged  eighty-two  ? 

Could  this  John  belong  to  Robert  Acton  of 
Stepney,  fifth  son  of  Sir  Walter  Acton,  second 
baronet,  who  in  the  published  pedigree  is  said  to 
have  married  and  left  issue  ? 

Could  he  be  John  of  Clapham,  M.A.  (see  pub- 
lished pedigree,)  and  great-grandson  of  Sir  Walter 
Acton,  second  bart.,  through  his  second  son 
Walter  ?  The  John  Acton  in  question  was  of  the 
Actons  in  Shropshire ;  he  was  a  medical  man. 
In  the  Register  of  Burials  he  is  called  "  Doctor." 
He  married  into  one  of  the  most  ancient  families 
among  the  landed  gentry,  and  died  in  1774,  aged 
eighty- two,  leaving  one  child,  a  daughter. 

A.  T.  T.  E. 

Picture  by  Crevelli  Veneziano.  —  Can  any  one 
explain  the  meaning  of  the  shocking  picture  men- 
tioned in  the  following  quotation  from  Webb's 
Continental  Ecclesiology  : 

"  In  the  Zambeccari  Gallery  I  cannot  help  noticing  an 
appallingly  profane  picture  by  Crevelli  Veneziano,  in 
which  are" represented  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary  and  our 
blessed  Lord  both  in  forma  diubolica !  I  could  get  no 
explanation  of  this  horrible  idea." 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

"  Seasonable  Considerations  upon  the  Corn 
Trade."  —  Who  was  the  author  of  an  octavo 
pamphlet  of  sixty-seven  pages,  entitled  Seasonable 
Considerations  upon  the  Corn  Trade  .  .  .  with  a 
short  Appendix,  Sfc. ;  II.  Cook,  Royal  Exchange, 


266 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  257. 


and  S.  Creswell,  Nottingham,  1757  ?  The  writer 
entertained  what  would  now  be  called  free-trade 
opinions,  and  some  clue  to  the  authorship  may  be 
gained  from  his  examining,  &c.,  two  letters  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  February  and  March, 
*'  Britannicus,"  in  the  Evening  Post  of  Oct.  6, 
and  "Poplicola,"  Evening  Post,  Oct.  25,  all  in 
1757.  He  mentions  also  a  Is.  Qd.  pamphlet  called 
Poison  Detected,  frc.  FCBVOS. 

Guildhall  before  1666. — Are  there  any  pictorial 
evidences  extant,  beyond  the  distant  view  in 
Hollar's  General  Bird's-eye  View  of  London,  re- 
specting the  appearance,  whether  internally  or 
externally,  of  Guildhall  previously  to  the  Great 
Fire  of  1666?  Z. 

David  Lindsay. — Was  David  Lindsay,  "Minister 
of  God's  word  at  Leith  (author  of  a  scarce  work 
entitled  The  Godly  Man's  Journey  to  Heaven, 
12mo.,  1625),"  related  to  David  Lindsay,  the  Scot- 
tish poet  in  the  sixteenth  century  ? 

I  conclude,  from  having  seen  only  one  copy  of 
the  above-named  work,  and  no  mention  having 
been  made  of  it  by  Lowndes,  &c.,  that  it  is  but 
little  known.  H.  J.  J. 

Blackheath. 

KlaprotKs  "  China" — Can  any  of  your  readers, 
in  Paris  or  London,  communicate  the  real  circum- 
stances that  occasioned  the  non-appearance  of 
M.  Julius  von  Klaproth's  great  work  on  China, 
compiled  from  original  sources;  a  work  which 
was  anxiously  looked  for,  and  was  expected  to 
throw  great  light  on  the  true  state  of  that  myste- 
rious empire.  It  was  announced  by  him  to  appear 
in  two  volumes,  4to.,  about  twenty-five  years  ago, 
under,  I  think,  the  auspices  of  the  East  India 
Company.  M.  Klaproth  resided  for  some  time  in 
this  country  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  sub- 
scribers, and  such  additional  information  con- 
nected with  his  work  as  could  be  gleaned  from 
Chinese  publications  to  be  found  in  England.  I 
have  an  indistinct  recollection  of  hearing  M.  Klap- 
roth or  some  of  his  friends  state,  that  he  lost  the 
MS.  in  one  of  his  journeys  between  Paris  and 
London.  J.  MACBAY. 

"Silke  Saugen." — I  once  saw  an  engraving  re- 
presenting a  place  or  an  event  in  Norway,  with 
a  title  the  same,  or  nearly  similar,  to  the  above. 
It  exhibited  huge  piles  of  timber,  with  a  rude 
bridge,  a  foaming  cataract,  and  some  men  at  work. 
Will  either  of  your  readers  who  may  happen  to 
know  it,  be  so  obliging  as  to  say  where  such  an 
one  may  be  seen,  and  give  some  account  or  history 
of  its  subject?  J.  D.  S. 


JSlinar 


'erf  tuttij 


Topographical  Etymology.  —  I  should  be  glad 
to  know  if  you  are  inclined  to  take  a  part  in  the 
following  work,  viz.  the  attempt  to  discover  the 
etymology  of  the  names  of  towns  and  villages  in 
England:  a  friend  of  mine  has  been  much  in- 
terested in  this  research  for  some  years,  and  has  a 
list  of  about  2000  ;  and  I  doubt  not  that  all  over 
England  are  scattered  men  of  education,  who 
have  done  something  in  this  way,  but  are  unable 
to  bring  their  labours  to  light.  The  mere  fact  of 
men  engaged  in  a  similar  pursuit  being  placed  in 
correspondence,  would  be  of  mutual  assistance  to 
them  ;  and  many  a  valuable  hint  may  find  its  way 
into  your  columns,  if  it  were  known  that  such  a 
project  was  once  fairly  on  foot.  An  American 
correspondent  of  yours  touched  upon*  a  similar 
subject  (Vol.  x.,  p.  59.),  and  contributed  an 
amusing  Note  upon  American  surnames. 


[We  quite  agree  with  our  correspondent  that  the  ety- 
mology of  our  towns  and  villages  is  a  subject  on  which 
much  that  is  curious  may  be  collected.  We  shall  be 
most  happy  occasionally  J;o  insert  any  communications  of 
this  class,  and  for  the  sake  of  convenient  reference  would 
suggest  their  being  placed  under  their  respective  counties 
alphabetically  arranged.  We  would  also  hint,  and  this 
too  for  our  correspondents  in  general,  that  it  is  most  desir- 
able the  names  of  places  and  persons  be  written  in  a  clear 
legible  hand.  ] 

Rev.  Griffith  Higgs.  —  The  following  inscription 
is  taken  from  the  porch  of  South  Stoke,  in  Ox- 
fordshire. The  Rev.  Griffith  Higgs,  whose  tablet 
is  on  the  chancel  wall,  was,  I  believe,  one  of  the 
chaplains  of  Charles  I.  I  should  be  glad  to  know 
if  the  lines  are  old,  or  the  composition  of  the  Rev. 
Doctor  himself. 

"  Time's  a  thought  to  think  upon, 
Thought's  time  is  past  and  quickly  gone, 
Yet  Time  stands  here  for  all  to  see  ; 
Think  on't  and  death  then,  what  thou't  bee 
At  doome  unto  eternitie. 
The  church  I  lov'd,  in  it  I  fear'd 
Within  the  church  to  be  interr'd  : 
But  meekly  I  my  God  implore, 
A  place  to  ly  tho'  at  the  doore. 

Griffith  Higgs,  his  memento,    born  the 

18th  of  October,  1608,  who  died  the 

loth  of  February,  1698." 


[The  printed  notices  of  Griffin  or  Griffith  Higgs,  state 
that  he  was  born  in  1589,  and  died  December  16,  1659. 
Wood,  in  his  Athena;,  vol.  iii.  p.  481.,  says  :  "  About  the 
time  of  his  death  was  a  comely  monument  set  up  in  the 
wall  over  his  grave,  with  a  large  inscription  thereon, 
written  mostly  by  himself."  Higgs  was  chaplain  to  the 
Queen  of  Bohemia,  sister  to  Charles  I.,  and  afterwards 
Dean  of  Lichfield.] 

"  Amalasont,  Queen  of  the  Goths."  —  Could  any 
of  your  correspondents  give  me  any  information 
respecting  a  tragedy  bearing  the  above  name,  said 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


to  have  been  written  by  John  Hughes,  the  author 
of  The  Siege  of  Damascus  ?  E.  WEST. 

[Mr.  Duncombe,  in  his  preface  to  the  Letters  by  John 
Hughes,  Esq.,  Sfc.,  3  vols.,  1773,  page  v.,  thus  notices 
this  tragedy :  "  At  the  age  of  nineteen  Mr.  Hughes  wrote 
a  tragedy,  entitled  Amalasont,  Queen  q/"  the  Goths,  which 
displays  a  fertile  genius  and  masterly  invention ;  but  as 
it  was  not  revised  and  corrected  by  the  author  in  his 
riper  age,  it  was  never  brought  on  the  stage,  and  still 
remains  in  manuscript."  And  Mr.  Hughes  himself,  in  a 
letter  to  Mr.  Samuel  Say,  dated  November  6,  1697,  says, 
"Amalasont  is  not  yet  upon  the  stage,  but  I  suppose  will 
be  this  winter ;  I  am  glad  you  continue  to  think  so  fa- 
vourably of  it,  I  mean  with  respect  to  its  morals,  for  I 
am  clearly  of  Mons.  Rapin's  opinion,  that  '  the  reputation 
of  being  an  honest  man  is  to  be  preferred  to  that  of  a 
good  poet.' "] 

Edward  Lambe' s  Mural  Tablet.  —  In  the  church 
of  East  Bergholt  in  Suffolk  is  a  mural  tablet  con- 
taining the  following  inscription : 

"  Edward  Lambe,  second  sonne  of  Thomas  Lambe,  of 
Trj'mley,  Esquire.  All  his  days  he  lived  a  Batchelor,  well 
learned'in  devyne  and  common  Lawes.  With  his  coun- 
cell  he  helped  many,  yett  took  fees  scarce  of  any.  He 
dyed  the  nineteenth  of  November,  1617. 


Edward 
Ever 
Envied 
Evill 
Endured     . 
Extremities 

Lambe 
Lived 
Laudably 
Lord 
Lett 
Like 
Life 

Earnestly  . 
Expecting  . 
Eternal 
Ease  . 

Learne 
Ledede 
Livers 
Lament." 

The  concluding  part  of  the  above  is  unintelligible 
to  those  residing  in  the  locality.  Perhaps  some 
reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  will  kindly  offer  an  explan- 
ation. G.  BLENCOWE. 

Manningtree. 

[The  following  reading  of  this  curious  epitaph,  not  the 
most  apposite,  was  suggested  by  a  correspondent  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1788,  p.  972. :  —  "  May  we  not 
read  the  East  Bergholt  epitaph  thus,  by  the  alteration  of 
one  word,  ledede,  into  he  died?  '  Edward  Lambe  ever  lived 
envied,  laudably  evil  endured.  Lord,  let  extremities  like 
even  life  learne.  He  died  expecting  eternal  ease.  Livers 
lament.'  Extremities  may  either  mean  youth  and  age, 
and  even  life,  middle  age,  or  the  extremes  of  prosperity 
and  adversity,  distinguished  from  an  uniform  even  course 
of  life.  Learn  may  be  put  for  teach,  as  was  not  unfrequent. 
Livers,  i.e.  survivors,  lament  his  death."] 

Aristotle.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
refer  me  exactly  to  the  two  following  passages  in 
Aristotle  ?  — 

1.  The  notorious  one,  in  which  he  says,  — 

"  Nothing  is  in  the  understanding  which  has  not  been 
previously  in  the  sense." 

In  no  book  in  which  this  is  referred  to  can  I  find 
the  quotation  strictly  verified.  It  is  somewhere 
in  the  Second  Book  of  the  Posterior  Analytics,  I 
believe. 


2.  That  wherein  he  briefly  mentions  the  scho- 
lastic theory  of  perception,  to  the  effect  that  — 

"  All  ideas  come  from  sense,  and  are  sensuous  at  first. 
"  More  refined,  the  same  become  objects  of  the  imagin- 
ation, memory,  &c. 
"  Still  more  refined,  the  objects  of  the  intellect." 

This  is  the  form  in  which  it  is  referred  to  in 
Stewart's  Philosophy  of  the  Human  Mind;  but 
the  quotation  is  not  verified.  ANON. 

[The  second  passage  is  in  the  last  chapter  of  the  Poste- 
rior Analytics."] 

Old  Ballads. — In  the  State  Papers  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  (vol.  i.  p.  10.)  these  words  occur  : 
"  The  sayd  Mr.  Almoner,  in  hys  sermone,  broght 
in  the  balates  off  '  Passe  Tyme  wyth  goode  Com- 
panye,'  and  '  I  love  unlovydde.' "  I  should  be 
glad  to  be  informed  where  these  ballads  are  to  be 
met  with.  W.  DENTON. 

["Passtyme  with  gode  Cumpanye"  is  better  known  as 
the  "  Kinge's  Ballade,"  and  will  be  found  among  the 
Add.  MSS.  5665.,  art.  91.  fol,  1336.,  and  art.  95.  fol.  1386., 
in  the  British  Museum.  We  have  not  been  able  to  dis- 
cover "I  love  unlovydde."] 


ON   THE   INDICES    OF   THE   PRESENT   CENTUBT. 

(Vol.x.,  p.  163.) 

In  answer  to  the  inquiry  of  your  correspondent 
ENIVBI  on  this  subject,  I  beg  to  observe  that  in 
my  Literary  Policy,  Sec.,  and  Index  of  Prohibited 
Books  by  Gregory  XVI.,  all  the  indices  known  to 
me  are  mentioned  and  described,  inclusive  of  that 
last  cited.  Another  edition,  however,  was  pub- 
lished by  the  same  pontiff  at  Rome  in  1841,  but 
with  so  little  alteration  as  scarcely  to  deserve 
notice.  It  is,  however,  remarkable,  that  two  years 
after,  namely,  in  the  year  1843,  there  appeared  at 
Mechlin  a  reprint,  not  of  the  last  Roman  and  pon- 
tifical edition  in  1841,  but,  as  it  is  expressed  in 
the  very  title,  of  the  first  Gregorian,  in  MDCCCXXXV. 
And  from  examination  this  appears  to  be  the  fact. 
There  is  one  result  of  some  interest  obtained  by 
the  early  sequence  of  the  second  of  Gregory's 
indices,  that  the  silent  withdrawal  of  the  names  of 
Galileo  Galilei,  Copernicus,  and  Foscarini,  with 
the  entry,  "  Libri  omnes  docentes  mobilitatem 
Terrse  et  immobilitatem  Soils,"  did  not  then  and 
there  appear  for  the  first  time.  I  have,  however, 
an  additional  article  to  produce,  which  may  have 
the  recommendation  of  novelty.  It  is  an  index 
from  Spain,  bearing  the  date  of  1844.  Its  im- 
mediate predecessor  was  the  Indice  Ultimo,  being 
a  summary,  and  dated  "Madrid,  1790,"  followed 
by  a  Supplemento  in  1805.  The  index  which  I 
now  announce  appeared  from  Madrid  in  1844. 
It  has,  however,  an  appendix,  containing  Posterior 
Edicts  of  the  Inquisition  and  Decrees  by  the  Con- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  257. 


gregation  of  the  Index   to    1846,   dated  Madrid, 
1848. 

I  now  give  the  title  of  the  work,  premising  that 
it  is  expurgatory,  as  subsequently  expressed,  as 
well  as  prohibitory. 

"  Indice  General  de  los  Libros  Prohibitos  por  la  santa 
General  Inquisicion  de  Espana  hasta  25  de  Agosto  de 
1805,  y  por  S.  Santidad  hasta  fin  del  ano  1842,  al  que 
acompana  un  Apendice  que  comprende  los  Edictos  de  la 
Inquisicion  posteriores  al  de  25  de  Agosto  de  1805,  hasta 
el  de  29  de  Mayo  de  1819  (ultimo  que  se  publicd),  y  los 
Decretos  de  S.  "Santidad  y  de  la  sagrada  congregacion  del 
Indice  hasta  3  de  Marzo  de  1846. 

"  Impreso  con  las  licencias  necesarias." 

The  second  title,  occupying  the  recto  of  the 
second  leaf,  simply  announces  that  the  present 
index  is  drawn  up  from  the  last  Spanish  index  and 
supplement,  and  from  the  index  (of  Malines  or 
Mechlin)  according  to  the  Roman  index  of  1835. 
It  does  not  appear  why  the  Mechlin  reprint  of 
the  Roman  edition  is  preferred  to  the  Roman 
itself,  and  why  the  new  articles  derived  from  the 
Roman  are  distinguished  by  the  prefix  of  the 
mark  *. 

The  three  Copernican  names,  as  well  as  the 
Libri  teaching  the  Copernican  theory  of  the  solar 
system,  are  here  silently  removed,  as  in  the  two 
last  Roman  indices.  The  object  probably  was,  to 
avoid  a  collision  between  the  papal  and  royal  au- 
thorities on  the  subject  of  literary  proscriptions, 
a  reasonable  jealousy  of  that  kind  having  been 
entertained  from  the  beginning. 

I  should  add  that  the  present  index  is  a  hand- 
some volume  in  royal  octavo,  pp.  xxx.,  363,  and 
additional  31.  J.  M. 

Sutton  Coldfield. 


BRYDONE    THE    TOUEIST. 

(Vol.  ix.  passim  ;  Vol.  x.,  p.  131.) 

Your  correspondents,  in  their  communications 
respecting  Brydone,  appear  to  have  overlooked 
some  circumstances  which  ought  not  to  be  lost 
sight  of  in  considering  the  attacks  on  that  author. 
At  the  time  he  published  his  Tour  any  researches, 
such  as  have  been  so  successfully  pursued  by 
geologists  in  our  own  day,  were  vehemently  op- 
posed by  a  large  class  of  persons  as  being  dan- 
gerous to  religion.  His  work  contained  some 
speculations  on  the  antiquity  of  Mount  Etna, 
founded  on  an  examination  of  its  lavas,  at  which 
these  persons  took  alarm ;  while  still  more  serious 
offence  was  given  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
by  the  author  fathering  the  obnoxious  speculations 
on  one  of  its  own  ecclesiastics,  the  Abbe  Recupero 
of  Catania  ;  and  by  his  treating  some  of  its  cere- 
monies, and  its  miracles,  with  no  small  degree  of 
ridicule.  Brydone  therefoi*e,  having  many  ene- 
mies anxious  to  discredit  him,  was  not  likely  to 
escape  attack  ;  but  the  charges  brought  against 


him  ought,  in  such  a  case,  to  be  looked  upon  with 
suspicion,  and  should  not  be  adopted  unless  on 
strict  inquiry. 

One  of  the  principal  authorities  against  Brydone 
is  the  memoir  of  him  contained  in  the  Biographie 
Universelle,  v.  59.,  referred  to  by  your  correspon- 
dent MR.  MACRAY,  where  it  is  said  : 

"  Ses  erreurs  sur  plusieurs  points  sont  evidentes :  U 
donne  4000  toises  de  hauteur  a  FEtna,  qui  n'en  a  que  1662 ; 
il  commet  d'autres  fautes  qui  ont  ete  relevees  par  les 
voyageurs  venus  apres  lui." 

A  reference  to  the  Tour  itself  will  show  how 
unfounded  is  this  statement.  Brydone  there  says  : 

"Kircher  pretends  to  have  measured  it  \_Etna~\,  and  to 
have  found  it  4000  French  toises  in  height,  which  is  much 
more  than  any  of  the  Andes,  or  indeed  than  any  mountain 
upon  earth.  The  Italian  mathematicians  are  still  more 
absurd.  Some  make  it  eight  miles,  some  six,  and  some 
four.  Amici,  the  last,  and  I  believe  the  most  accurate, 
that  ever  attempted  it,  brings  it  to  three  miles  264  paces ; 
but  even  this  must  be  exceedingly  erroneous,  and  pro- 
bably the  perpendicular  height  of  'Etna  does  not  exceed 
12,000  feet,  or  little  more  than  two  miles." —  Tour  through 
Sicily  and  Malta,  Let  XI. 

Thus  it  appears  that  Brydone  exposed  and  cor- 
rected the  very  mistake  he  is  accused  of  making. 
His  own  estimate  of  the  height  of  the  mountain  is 
very  much  less  than  thnt  of  any  of  his  prede- 
cessors, and  is  derived  from  barometric  observa- 
tions made  by  himself,  and  given  in  a  subsequent 
page.  These  observations  afford  a  strong  proof 
of  his  accuracy  in  these  matters  :  for,  if  the  more 
correct  formula;  now  used  be  applied  to  them, 
they  will  be  found  to  give  the  true  height  of  the 
mountain  within  about  200  feet ;  a  wonderfully 
small  error,  considering  the  imperfect  instruments 
with  which  they  w«re  made. 

In  the  above  case,  the  writers  of  the  memoir 
cannot  be  suspected  of  having  invented  the  false- 
hood. It  is  clear  that  they  have  been  led- into  it 
by  placing  too  much  reliance  on  the  statement  of 
others ;  but  it  furnishes  a  good  instance  of  how 
the  most  unfounded  assertion  may  acquire  the 
authority  of  respectable  names  to  back  it. 

The  next  charge  against  Brydone  is  a  more 
serious  one,  but  put  forward  with  less  confidence. 
It  is  said  that  his  account  of  his  ascent  to  the 
summit  of  Etna  is  a  fiction.  On  this  point  a  per- 
son very  intimately  acquainted  with  Brydone 
writes  thus  in  a  private  letter  : 

"  It  is  impossible  for  me  to  give  any  proof  that  Mr. 
Brydone  ascended  Etna  some  years  before  I  was  born,  but 
I  have  no  more  doubt  of  it  than  I  have  of  my  own  ascent 
of  Minto  Hill,  which  will  be  equally  difficult  of  proof  in 
the  next  century.  He  certainly  used  to  talk  of  it  with 
pleasure.  I  have  heard  him  criticised  for  some  of  his 
speculations,  and  lie  may  have  been  charged  with  inac- 
curacy in  statements  made  upon  the  information  of  others, 
but  no  one  ever  dreamed  of  doubting  his  scrupulous 
veracity  where  lie  spoke  of  his  own  observation.  He  was 
indeed  a  singularly  open-minded  and  veracious  man,  the 
furthest  possible  from  boastful,  and  disposed  to  make 
light  of,  rather  than  to  exaggerate  any  of  his  adventures." 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


Now  this  is  the  testimony  of  one  who,  in  familiar 
intercourse,  had  every  opportunity  of  knowing 
Brydone's  character.  It  does  not,  it  is  true,  amount 
to  direct  proof  of  the  fact  questioned,  but  it  is 
proof  of  the  truthfulness  of  the  narrator,  and  of  the 
belief  of  those  best  able  to  form  an  opinion,  which 
is  the  utmost  the  nature  of  the  case  now  admits 
of;  and  when,  in  addition  to  this,  it  is  considered 
that  the  charge  is  in  itself  highly  improbable,  as 
Brydone,  be  his  character  what  it  might,  would 
not  have  ventured  to  publish  a  gross  falsehood  j 
with  the  certainty  of  being  detected  by  his  com- 
panions in  the  ascent  of  Etna ;  that  it  rests  on  the 
loose  information  picked  up  by  travellers  in  a 
country  where  he  had  many  enemies  ;  that  it  is, 
as  LORD  MONSON  says  ("N.&Q."  Vol.  ix.,  p.  496.), 
unsupported  by  internal  evidence  derived  from 
the  inaccuracies  which  a  person  describing  a 
scene  he  never  witnessed  could  not  escape ;  and 
that  the  correctness  of  his  barometric  observations 
furnish  strong  corroborative  evidence  of  the  truth 
of  his  narrative ;  it  will,  I  think,  be  seen  that  pro- 
bability and  credibility  are  altogether  against  the 
accusation. 

A  third  case  is  brought  forward  by  your  corre- 
spondent TRAVELLER  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  432.),  who  says 
he  remembers  to  have  read,  in  a  work  by  the  pre- 
sent LORD  MONSON,  a  denial  of  a  statement  of 
Brydone's,  "  that  he  had  seen  a  pyramid  in  the 
gardens  or  grounds  of  some  dignitary  in  Sicily 
composed  of  chamberpots ! "  LORD  MONSON  has 
already  pointed  out  several  of  TRAVELLER'S  mis- 
takes respecting  him,  and  it  will  be  found  that  he 
is  equally  incorrect  respecting  Brydone.  The 
latter,  in  his  Tour,  Let.  XXII.,  describes  a  village 
near  Palermo,  belonging  to  a  Prince  Palagonia, 
whose  madness  it  was  to  adorn  it  with  statues  of 
monsters  and  other  absurdities.  Of  one  room  in 
this  villa  he  writes : 

"  All  the  chimney-pieces,  windows,  and  sideboards  are 
crowded  with  pyramids  and  pillars  of  teapots,  candle- 
cups,  bowls,  cups,  saucers,  &e.,  strongly  cemented  together ; 
some  of  these  columns  are  not  without  their  beauty :  one  of 
them  has  a  large  china  chamberpot  for  its  base,  and  a  circle 
of  pretty  little  flower-pots  for  its  capital ;  the  shaft  of  the 
column  is  upwards  of  four  feet  long,  composed  entirely  of 
teapots." 

LORD  MONSON,  who  visited  the  same  place  half 
a  century  afterwards,  in  a  note  to  his  work,  makes 
the  following  allusion  to  Brydone's  description : 

"  I  have  since  seen  General  Cockburn's  work,  in  which 
he  justly  attacks  Brydone  for  exaggeration,  giving  at  the 
same  time  a  correct  description  of  the  palace.  We,  like 
the  general,  in  vain  looked  for  the  pillar  of  teapots  with  a 
certain  utensil  for  its  capital."  —  Extracts  from  a  Journal 
by  W.  J.  Monson,  p.  97. 

These  are,  I  presume,  the  passages  to  which 
TRAVELLER  intended  to  refer,  though  it  is  diffi- 
cult, after  its  successive  transformations,  to  re- 
cognise the  sideboard  ornament  mentioned  by 
Brydone.  It  is  described  by  him  as  a  column, 


with  a  china  chamberpot  for  its  base.  LORD  MON- 
SON promotes  the  utensil  from  the  base  to  the 
capital.  TRAVELLER,  not  satisfied  with  this,  eon- 
verts  the  column  into  a  pyramid ;  the  pyramid 
become  too  big  to  stand  inside  a  house,  he  trans- 
fers to  the  "  gardens  or  grounds,"  and  when  there, 
he  builds  it  up  of  chamberpots  from  top  to  bottom. 
This  is  not  the  way  to  make  out  a  charge  of  inac- 
curacy and  exaggeration ;  and  the  memory  of  your 
correspondent,  to  whom  I  do  not  impute  any  in- 
tentional misrepresentation,  has  deceived  him  so 
far  respecting  what  he  has  read,  that  his  recol- 
lection of  distant  conversations  cannot  be  received 
as  sufficient  to  prove  the  Tour  "  a  book  of  Apo- 
crypha." 

But  to  return  to  the  case  of  exaggeration  alleged 
against  Brydone.  It  will  be  found  that  the  matter 
is  simply  explained  by  General  Cockburn,  whose 
work  is  referred  to  above.  The  general  travelled 
in  Sicily  upwards  of  forty  years  after  Brydone. 
He  says,  that  when  he  visited  the  Palagonia  villa, 
its  eccentric  proprietor  was  dead,  and  that  his 
successor  was  so  ashamed  of  him,  that  he  had  had 
the  monsters  and  singularities  about  the  house 
taken  down  and  buried  ( Voyage  to  Cadiz,  Gibral- 
tar, 8fc.,  by  Lieut.-Gen.  Cockburn,  vol.  i.  p.  374. 
et  seq.).  It  is  true  that  though  these  facts  are 
told  him  by  "  many  persons  of  veracity,"  he  is 
inclined  to  doubt  them,  and  accuses  Brydone  of 
giving  an  exaggerated  account  of  the  place  ;  but 
his  only  reason  for  disbelief  is  a  very  ridiculous 
one,  namely,  that  he  saw  no  mark  of  any  fixtures 
having  been  removed.  Why  the  monsters  and 
other  things  should  be  supposed  to  be  fixtures,  I 
am  unable  to  say,  as  they  certainly  are  not  so 
described ;  but,  at  all  events,  this  column  of  tea- 
pots cannot  have  been  such  (though  the  general, 
by  the  way,  by  talking  of  it  as  a  pilaster  would 
have  it  supposed  so),  and  would  probably  be  one 
of  the  first,  things  banished  by  the  new  proprietor. 
This  simple  and  obvious  explanation  is  farther 
confirmed  by  the  fact,  that  Swinburne,  another 
traveller,  who  saw  the  villa  only  a  few  years  after 
Brydone,  and  during  the  life  of  the  lunatic,  de- 
scribes it  very  much  in  the  same  terms,  or,  as 
General  Cockburn  chooses  to  express  it,  is  "  almost 
as  extravagant  as  Brydone." 

These  are,  so  far  as  I  am  aware  (for  I  have  not 
seen  the  late  Numbers  of  "  N.  &  Q."),  all  the 
cases  brought  forward  against  Brydone  in  your 
columns.  Though  most  of  your  correspondents 
show  a  fair  spirit  towards  this  author,  I  cannot 
but  think  that  he  has  met  with  unfair  treatment 
from  posterity  in  general.  Easy  credit  has  been 
given  by  travellers,  and  others,  to  every  aspersion 
thrown  on  the  character  of  one  who,  by  those  who 
knew  him,  was  ever  considered  an  honourable  and 
truthful  man.  No  account  has  been  taken  of  the 
prejudices  raised  against  him  by  the  freedom  of 
his  writing  ;  and  even  his  biographers,  with  un- 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  257. 


pardonable  negligence,  make  damaging  statements 
which  a  mere  reference  to  his  work  would  have 
disproved.  Brydone  has  been  more  sinned  against 
than  sinning.  G-.  ELLIOT. 

The  following  extract  from  the  interesting  work 
of  M.  Dutens,  Memoirs  of  a  Traveller  now  in  Re- 
tirement, London,  1806,  may  tend  to  substantiate 
the  statement  that  this  tourist  never  made  the 
ascent  of  Mount  Etna  which  he  described : 

"  Mr.  Brydone  flattered  himself  with,  having  seen,  from 
the  summit  of  Mount  Etna,  a  horizon  of  800  miles 
diameter,  the  radius  of  which  would  have  been  400  miles. 
Now,  from  an  examination  of  the  convexity  of  the  globe, 
it  is  proved  that  it  would  require  that  Etna  should  be 
sixteen  miles  high  to  see  that  distance,  even  with  the 
best  telescope.  Etna  is  not,  according  to  the  most  exact 
measurement,  above  two  miles  high,  and  it  is  impossible 
for  land  to  be  seen  at  more  than  150  miles  from  its  sum- 
mit. This  agrees  with  what  Lord  Seaforth  once  told  me ; 
that,  as  he  was  bathing  one  afternoon  in  the  sea,  near  the 
island  of  Malta,  he  saw  the  sun  set  behind  Mount  Etna, 
the  top  of  which  only  he  was  then  able  to  perceive.  The 
distance  from  Malta  to  Mount  Etna  is  computed  to  be 
about  150  miles." — Yol.  v.  p.  55. 

The  Rev.  C.  C.  Colton,  while  eulogising  the  style 
of  Brydone,  brings  a  graver  charge  against  him 
than  that  of  imperfect  veracity  : 

"Brydone,  the  most  elegant  writer  of  travels  in  our 
language : '  Non  Anglus,  sed  angelus,  siforet  Chrtstianus.' " 
—  Note  to  Hypocrisy,  a  Poem,  8vo.,  London,  1812,  p.  104. 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 


EGBERT  PARSONS  (Vol.  X.,  p.  131.)  :   BERBINGTOJi's 
t  MEMOIRS  OF  GREGORIO  PANZANI  (Vol.  X.,  p.  186.). 

The  history  of  a  title-page  may  be  left  to  one 
of  your  contributors  whose'name  appears  thereon. 
If  a  conjecture  may  be  hazarded,  I  should  suppose 
that  as  the  first  title-page  by  no  means  adequately 
described  the  contents  of  the  book,  the  second  was 
written  as  more  applicable,  which,  notwithstanding 
its  errors,  is  certainly  the  case.  The  work  of  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Berrington  consists  of  an  introduction 
to  the  Memoirs  of  Gregorio  Panzani,  detailing  the 
history  of  the  Roman  Catholics  in  England  during 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  until  the  mission  of 
Panzani  in  1634,  together  with  a  supplement 
carrying  on  the  history  until  the  latter  part  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  The  matter  consists  of  a 
preface  of  33  pages,  an  introduction  reaching  to 
111  pages,  the  original  memoirs  147  pages,  and 
the  supplement  214  pages,  in  all  503.  It  seemed 
a  misnomer  to  entitle  such  a  work  the  Memoirs  of 
Gregorio  Panzani,  and  another  title-page  was 
obviously  necessary ;  whether  the  one  printed  was 
the  best  may  be  questioned. 

My  object  in  sending  my  humble  Note  was 
literary  and  not  polemical.  I  well  knew  that  the 
Roman  Catholics  in  this  country  had  always  been 


divided  as  to  the  merits  of  Robert  Parsons,  Henry 
Garnet,  &c.  Were  I  a  member  of  that  body  I 
might,  without  impeachment  to  my  religion,  adopt 
the  opinion  of  Mr.  Berrington,  or  the  fancy  of 
IGNOTO.  It  is  difficult  to  reply  to  the  last-named. 
Histories  have  been  written  on  no  other  found- 
ation than  might,  could,  would,  or  should  ;  and  the 
impotential  mood  "  would  not,"  in  the  hands  of 
your  correspondent,  is  as  convenient  as  the  po- 
tential. "  Credo  quod  impossibile  est,"  says  some 
one :  I  on  my  part  do  not  deny  the  assertion  of 
IGNOTO,  that  the  Rev.  Joseph  Berrington  "  would 
not  have  written  a  book  of  this  kind ; "  I  only  assert 
that  he  did,  and  that  he  dedicated  it,  moreover, 
"  To  the  [Roman]  Catholic  clergy  of  the  county 
of  Stafford  .  .  .  with  whom  he  has  the  honour 
to  think  and  act."  The  book  is  as  undoubtedly 
the  book  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Berrington,  as  the 
well-known  Literary  History  of  the  Middle  Ages 
is  his ;  and  until  the  publication  of  "  N.  &  Q."  of 
September  2,  1854,  its  authorship  has  never,  I 
believe,  been  denied  or  doubted. 

In  his  estimate  of  Robert  Parsons  he  is  by  no 
means  singular,  as  indeed  his  dedication  would, 
lead  us  to  conjecture.  To  many  of  the  secular 
clergy  of  the  Roman  Catholic  persuasion  the  name 
of  Parsons  has  always  been  odious.  In  the  De- 
claratio  Motuum,  drawn  up  by  the  Rev.  John 
Mush,  and  addressed  in  his  own  name,  and  the 
names  of  other  secular  priests,  to  Pope  Cle- 
ment VIII.  in  1601,  we  read : 

"  Father  Parsons  was  the  principal  author,  the  incentor, 
and  the  mover,  of  all  our  garboils  at  home  and  abroad. 
During  the  short  space  of  nearly  two  years  that  he  spent 
in  England,  so  much  did  he  irritate,  by  his  actions,  the 
mind  of  the  queen  and  her  ministers,  that  on  that  oc- 
casion the  first  severe  laws  were  enacted  against  the 
ministers  of  our  religion  and  those  who  should  harbour 
them.  He,  like  a  dastardly  soldier,  consulting  his  own 
safety,  fled.  But  being  himself  out  of  the  reach  of  danger, 
he  never  ceased,  by  publications  against  the  first  magis- 
trates of  the  republic,  or  by  factious  letters,  to  provoke 
their  resentment."  —  See  in  Berrington's  History,  p.  28. 

Thus  much  for  the  opinion  of  the  secular  priests 
in  England.  Their  estimate  of  the  character  of 
Father  Parsons  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  layman  from  whose  book  I  now  quote : 

"  He  was  the  pensioner  of  the  King  of  Spain,  whose 
views,  in  opposition  to  those  of  his  sovereign,  he  unremit- 
tingly pursued.  .  .  .  Such  was  his  ascendancy  over 
the  minds  of  the  Catholics  at  that  period,  that  more  pains 
were  taken  by  many  missioners  to  support  the  pretensions 
of  the  King  of  Spain,  than  the  real  interests  of  religion. 
To  his  intrigues,  and  to  those  rebellious  principles  already 
stated,  which  he  inculcated  into  his  numerous  adherents, 
is  the  enacting  of  the  penal  laws  more  to  be  attributed, 
than  to  any  other  cause.  .  .  .  After  the  accession  of 
James  he  was  the  most  strenuous  opposer  of  the  oath  of 
allegiance,  the  principal  instrument  in  procuring  the  con- 
demnation of  it  from  Paul  V.  He  died  in  1610.  His 
activity  was  persevering,  his  industry  indefatigable,  and 
his  talents  uncommon ;  but  they  were  unfortunately  ex- 
ercised in  opposition  to  his  country  and  his  sovereign,  and 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


to  the  detriment  of  religion."  —  Letter  to  the  Catholic 
Clergy  of  England,  by  Sir  John  Throckmorton,  Bart., 
2nd  ed.  p.  128. 

Afterwards,  when  speaking  of  Thomas  Fitzher- 
bert,  the  same  writer  says : 

"  He  was  a  man  of  considerable  learning,  but  inferior  in 
abilities  to  Parsons,  who  used  him  as  an  instrument  to 
carrv  on  his  sinister  views  and  crooked  politics."  —  Ibid. 
p.  174. 

W.  DENTON. 


(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  364.  605, ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  45.  402.) 

The  explanations  of  the  term  "  corporal  oath," 
offered  by  several  of  your  correspondents,  differ 
from  each  other,  and  none  of  them  are  very  con- 
clusive. Its  ancient  meaning  is,  I  think,  very 
clearly  expressed  in  the  following  quotation  from 
a  "  Translation  of  a  French  metrical  History  of 
the  Deposition  of  King  Richard  the  Second." 

" .  .  .  .  Thus  the  King  spake  unto  them ;  and  they  all 
agreed  thereto,  saying,  '  Sire,  let  the  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland be  sent  for,  and  let  him  forthwith  be  made  to 
take  the  oath,  as  he  bath  declared  he  will,  if  we  will  con- 
sent to  all  that  he  hath  said.'  Then  was  the  Earl  with- 
out farther  parley  called:  and  the  King  said  to  him, 
'  Northumberland,  the  Duke  hath  sent  you  hither  to  re- 
concile us  two ;  if  you  will  swear  upon  the  body  of  our 
Lord,  which  we  will  cause  to  be  consecrated,  that  the 
whole  of  the  matter  related  by  you  is  true,  that  you  have 
no  hidden  design  therein  of  any  kind  whatsoever;  but 
that  like  a  notable  lord  you  will  surely  keep  the  agree- 
ment,— we  will  perform  it.'  ....  Then  replied  the  Earl, 
'Sire,  let  the  body  of  our  Lord  be  consecrated;  I  will 
swear  that  there  is  no  deceit  in  this  affair,  and  that  the 
Duke  will  observe  the  whole  as  you  have  heard  me  relate 
it  here.'  Each  of  them  devoutly  heard  mass ;  then  the 
Earl,  without  farther  hesitation,  made  oath  on  the  body 
of  our  Lord.  Alas !  his  blood  must  have  turned,  for  he 
well  knew  the  contrary,"  &c.  &c.  —  Archaologia,  vol.  xx. 
p.  140. 

The  MS.  of ^ this  "History,"  which  is  of  un- 
doubted authority  and  great  antiquarian  value,  is 
in  the  Lambeth  library.  It  contains  illuminations 
of  the  most  remarkable  events ;  among  these  is 
one  (engraved  in  the  ArchcEologia)  representing 
the  Earl  of  Northumberland  kneeling  before  an 
altar,  on  which  is  placed  a  chalice  covered  with 
the  corporal  cloth ;  in  front  of  the  chalice  and  upon 
the  corporal  cloth,  but  uncovered,  rests  a  large 
wafer,  the  "  consecrated  body  of  our  Lord,"  which 
the  Earl  touches  with  his  right  hand,  while  he  ap- 
pears to  be  speaking  the  words  of  the  oath. 

The  series  of  illuminations,  with  an  account  of 
the  "History,"  may  also  be  found  in  Strutt's  Regal 
and  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities. 

GILBERT  J.  FRENCH. 

Bolton. 


Some  important  points  connected  with  the  form 
of  judicial  oaths  having  been  under  consideration 


in  your  pages,  perhaps  the  following  report  of  a 
recent  occurrence  in  a  metropolitan  court  may 
prove  an  interesting  memorandum. 

"  In  the  Insolvent  Debtors'  Court,  the  other  day,  a  wit- 
ness, on  being  called,  took  the  Testament  in  his  left  hand. 
Mr.  Sargood  told  the  witness  to  take  the  book  in  his  right 
hand.  Mr.  Commissioner  Phillips :  I  never  could  under- 
stand why  the  book  was  to  be  taken  in  the  right,  and  not 
in  the  left  hand.  Mr.  Sargood :  Because  the  other  is  the 
wrong  one  —  (a  laugh).  Mr.  Commissioner  Phillips: 
Suppose  a  man  is  left-handed.  I  never  could  understand 
such  ridiculous  trifles.  Mr.  Sargood  said  it  was  an  es- 
tablished custom.  Mr.  Commissioner  Phillips :  I  think 
it  is  a  ridiculous  one.  Why  a  glove  should  be  taken  off  I 
don't  know  :  I  have  seen  a  person  ten  minutes  taking  off 
a  glove." —  Oxford  Chronicle,  July  9,  1854. 

The  worthy  commissioner  may  be  of  opinion  that 
the  kiss  is  more  essential  than  the  touch.  I  agree 
with  him  that  in  foro  conscientics  there  can  be  no 
difference  between  the  right  or  left,  the  glove  or 
naked  hand.  But  it  may  be  well  to  ask,  going 
back  to  principles  and  precedents,  what  is  the 
true  theory  of  the  case  ?  Can  the  touch  of  the 
book  with  a  glove  form  a  corporal  oath  ?  Or  can 
the  touch  of  the  naked  lips  be  deemed  equivalent 
to  that  of  the  hand  uncovered  ? 

I  cannot  resist  the  impression  that  the  kiss  itself 
is  superfluous  and  absurd.  It  clearly  opens  the 
way  to  evasion  and  perjury.  All  our  judges  and 
magistrates  can  testily  to  the  superstitious  rascality 
which  is  so  constantly  shuffling  out  of  the  strin- 
gency of  an  oath  by  the  ingenious  device  of  kissing 
the  thumb,  or  the  cuff  of  the  coat,  in  place  of  the 
book  itself.  G.  T.  D. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

English  Photographs  at  the  Paris  Exhibition  o/"1855. — 
The  Committee  of  the  Photographic  Society  have  issued 
a  notice  requesting  that  all  members  of  the  Society,  or 
other  persons  wishing  to  send  photographs  to  the  Paris 
Exhibition,  will  give  early  notice  of  the  quantity  of  wall 
space  they  will  need. 

For  this  purpose  forms  of  application  will  be  issued,  to 
be  filled  up  by  intending  exhibitors  with  a  statement  of 
the  number  of  pictures  they  wish  to  send,  and  of  the  area 
in  square  feet  that  the  pictures  when  framed  will  cover. 

Due  notice  will  be  given  of  the  latest  date,  and  of  the 
place  appointed  for  the  reception  of  pictures. 

No  pictures  will  be  received,  of  which  the  carriage  to 
the  place  appointed  for  their  reception  in  London  is  not 
paid. 

It  is  recommended,  —  That  on  the  back  of  each  frame 
should  be  written  the  name  and  address  of  the  sender. 
That  the  subject  of  each  picture  should  be  written  under- 
neath it,  with  the  name  in  full  of  the  photographer.  That 
all  pictures  be  framed  in  a  simple  deal  bead  (either  var- 
nished or  gilt),  one  inch  wide  and  one  incn  deep,  and 
with  margins  of  uniform  sizes,  graduated  according  to  the 
size  of  the  photograph. 

For  example :  pictures  8  inches  by  6  should  be  mounted 
with  a  margin  of  2£  inches  between  the  picture  and  it's 
frame ;  pictures  of  the  sizes  9  by  7,  up  to  15  by  11  inches, 
by  a  margin  of  3  inches ;  and  pictures  of  a  larger  size 
with  a  margin  of  slightly  increased  measurement. 


272 


[No.  257. 


Where  the  pictures  sent  are  small,  they  shonld  be  ar- 
ranged several  in  one  frame. 

For  example:  a  frame  26  inches  by  21,  inside  mea- 
surement, will  contain,  with  sufficient  margin,  four  works 
of  the  size  of  9  inches  by  7. 

All  communications  should  be  addressed  to  the  Hon. 
Secretary  of  the  Photographic  Society,  21.  Regent  Street. 


The  Society  have  since  issued  forms  of  application  for 
space  for  the  use  of  intending  exhibitors,  copies  of  which 
may  be  had  upon  application  to  the  Secretary. 

Restoration  of  old  Collodion. — I  have  found  a  slight 
improvement  on  the  process  of  ME.  CROOKES  for  restor- 
ing the  old  collodion,  which  consists  in  the  substitution 
of  a  plate  of  clean  zinc  for  one  of  silver  in  decolorising 
the  collodion.  I  place  two  or  three  slips  of  sheet  zinc 
scraped  bright  into  the  bottle  with  the  collodion,  and 
after  two  or  three  days  it  becomes  quite  transparent,  and 
loses  all  its  red  colour.  The  reason  why  I  prefer  using 
the  zinc  to  the  silver  is,  that  the  presence  of  silver  in  the 
collodion  is  in  my  estimation  very  objectionable,  and  that 
the  silver  will  not  act  beyond  a  certain  point,  i.  e.  will  not 
decolorise  very  dark  collodion :  as  far  as  my  experience 
goes,  cadmium  I  find  to  answer  very  well,  and  also  me- 
tallic arsenic,  which  seems  to  accelerate  at  the  same 
time;  and,  probably,  all  metals  forming  soluble  iodides 
give  a  similar  result.  F.  MAXWELL  LYTE. 

Luz,  Hautes  Pyrenees. 

Buckle's  Brush. — In  an  article  entitled  "Hints  upon 
Iodizing  Paper"  (Vol. x.,  p.  192.),  DR.  DIAMOND  calls  a 
Buckle's  brush  "  a  bungling  contrivance."  As  I  have 
found  it  the  most  useful  of  all  contrivances  for  applying 
solutions  to  paper,  I  hope  yon  will  allow  me  to  say  a  word 
in  its  favour.  The  charge  against  it  is,  that  "  it  always 
causes  a  deal  of  roughness  on  the  surface  of  the  paper." 
I  am  sure  there  is  no  necessity  for  this,  and  I  think  when 
it  occurs  the  epithet  bungler  would  be  more  appropriate  to 
the  operator  than  the  brush.  For  applying  the  iodizing 
solution  to  paper,  no  doubt  a  camel's-hair  brush  will 
answer  as  well ;  but  the  great  advantage  of  a  Buckle's 
brush  are  conspicuous  when  solutions  which  readily  decom- 
pose are  to  be  used,  and  when,  in  consequence,  a  perfectly 
dean  brush  is  required  each  time  —  as  in  exciting  and 
developing  with  gallo-nitrate.  In  addition  to  being  most 
economical  of  chemicals,  it  assures  in  this  case  the  most 
perfect  cleanliness  and  facility  of  manufacture.  I  have 
not  the  pleasure  of  knowing  Mr.  Buckle,  but  I  take  the 
opportunity  of  thanking  him  for  an  invention  which  I 
consider  the  secret  of  success  in  calotype.* 

HENRY  TAYLOR. 

Godalming. 


to 

Christening  Ships  (Vol.  x.,  p.  6G.).  —  I  have 
always  considered  this  to  be  more  a  Pagan  than 
a  Christian  ceremony,  a  relic  of  the  ancient 
libation  rather  than  a  "  caricature  of  the  sacra- 
ment of  baptism."  In  modern  Greece,  when  a 

[*  Whatever  may  be  the  merits  of  the  invention,  "  the 
secret  of  success  in  calotype "  does  not  depend  on  the  use 
of  a  Buckle's  brush,  as  some  of  the  finest  specimens 
we  have  ever  seen  have  been  produced  without  its  aid. 
In  saying  this,  we  do  not  mean  to  undervalue  the  in- 
genuity of  the  invention.  —  ED.  "N.  &  Q."] 


ship  is  launched,  the  bow  is  decorated  with 
flowers,  and  the  captain  takes  a  jar  of  wine,  which 
he  raises  to  his  lips  and  then  pours  out  upon  the 
deck. 

It  is  more  than  probable  that  many  nautical 
customs,  superstitions  (the  broom  at  the  mast- 
head when  a  vessel  is  for  sale,  shaving  when  cross- 
ing the  line,  whistling  for  wind,  &c.),  and  evert 
technical  terms,  might  be  derived  from  a  very 
remote  antiquity. 

Even  if  we  descend  to  a  comparatively  modern 
period,  we  may  find  that  sailors  have  preserved 
among  them  the  technical  terms  of  their  pro- 
fession, though  numberless  terms  of  other  trades 
and  professions  have  become  obsolete  within  the 
last  two  centuries.  Scarcely  the  half  of  the  tech- 
nical terms  of  various  trades  and  professions  that 
may  be  found  in  that  most  curious  omnium  ga- 
therum, Randle  Holme's  Academy  of  Armory,  would 
be  understood  by  their  respective  craftsmen  at  the 
present  day,  whereas  every  nautical  term  in  the 
much  earlier  production,  A  Ship  of  Fooles,  would 
be  understood  by  the  modern  seaman. 

W.  PlNKERTON. 

Kaleidoscope  (Vol.  x.,  p.  164.).  —  The  object 
described  by  ^ETHER  has  not  the  slightest  resem- 
blance to  a  kaleidoscope  ;  but  is  a  toy  often  seen 
now,  and  much  more  frequently  from  fifty  to  one 
hundred  years  ago.  An  object  is  painted  upon  a 
flat  surface,  the  nature  of  which  it  is  almost  im- 
possible to  ascertain  ;  but  place  the  convex  side 
of  a  cylindrical  mirror  in  the  proper  focus,  and 
every  part  is  reflected  in  its  proper  place,  and  the 
object  is  immediately  recognised.  Or,  the  process 
may  be  reversed  ;  the  picture  may  be  painted  upon 
a  convex  surface,  and  reflected  upon  a  plane. 

E.  H. 

^ETHER'S  quotation  from  Swedenborg's  Arcana 
Ccelestia  evidently  does  not  apply  to  anything 
resembling  the  beautiful  and  useful  invention  of 
Sir  David  Brewster.  The  kaleidoscope  is  not  an 
"  optical  cylinder  : "  the  instrument  is  triangular, 
and  merely  placed  in  a  cylinder  for  the  conveni- 
ence of  handling.  Swedenborg  refers  to  and 
plainly  describes  the  "  cylindrical  mirror  ;"  a  well- 
known  toy,  by  which  distorted  pictures  are  made 
to  appear  in  their  proper  proportions.  It  is  de- 
scribed in  the  Encyclopedia  Britannica,  vol.  xvi. 
p.  513.  SAM.  C. 

Your  correspondent  JETHER  has  made  an  in- 
genious guess,  as  he  will  see  ;  and  still  better,  has 
given  a  very  good  example  of  a  mode  of  judgment 
which  is  by  no  means  uncommon  in  the  settlement 
of  inventions.  To  a  person  who  is  not  in  pos- 
session of  the  key,  his  suggestion  seems  very  plau- 
sible ;  though  it  must  be  objected  that  Sweden- 
borg would  hardly  have  called  a  kaleidoscope  _  an 
optical  cylinder.  Brewster's  instrument  consists 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273 


of  two  plane  mirrors  inclined  at  an  angle ;  the 
cylindrical  form  of  the  envelope  is  but  a  con- 
venience. 

The  cylinders  alluded  to  are  described  in  many 
works  on  optical  curiosities.  Look  at  a  drawing 
as  it  is  reflected  in  a  glass  cylinder,  and  the  ap- 
pearance is  "  monstrous."  But  let  the  drawing 
itself  be  a  "  monstrous  projection,"  then,  if  the 
monstrosity  be  duly  adapted  to  the  intended  po- 
sition of  both  drawing  and  spectator,  there  will  be 
seen  in  the  reflection  a  "  beautiful  image."  I 
think  these  cylinders  are  noticed  in  Button's  Re- 
creations. CHLOROFORM. 
[We  are  also  indebted  to  C.  A.  L.  for  a  similar  reply.] 

Paterson,  Founder  of  the  Bank  (Vol.  x.,  p.  102.). 

—  B.  will  find  some  information  relative  to  this 
enterprising   man    in    Tales   of    a    Grandfather, 
vol.  ii.  p.  142.,  19th  edit.  CLERICUS  (D). 

Bermondsey  Abbey  (Vol.  x.,  p.  166.).  —  HAZLE- 
WOOD  will  find  a  resume  of  the  history  of  Ber- 
mondsey Abbey  in  Phillips'  History  of  Bermond- 
sey, London,  Unwin,  1841  ;  in  which,  at  p.  36., 
will  be  found  a  notice  of  remains  then  existing. 
Some  of  these  are,  I  believe,  now  removed,  but 
the  "  old  square-fronted  house,  built  chiefly  of 
stone,"  still  remains,  "  where  the  hooks  are  yet  to 
be  seen  on  which  the  gates  hung."  T.  S.N. 

Grange  Road,  Bermondsey. 

The  Pope  sitting  on  the  Altar  (Vol.  x.,  p.  161.). 

—  The  Rev.  J.  C.  Eustace,    a   Roman    Catholic 
priest,  speaking  of  the  adoration  of  the  Pope  after 
his  election,  thus  expresses  himself: 

"  But  why  should  the  altar  be  made  his  footstool?  the 
altar,  the  beauty  of  holiness,  the  throne  of  the  victim 
Lamb,  the  mercy-seat  of  the  temple  of  Christianity ;  why 
should  the  altar  be  converted  into  the  foot-stool  of  a 
mortal  ?  "  —  Classical  Tour,  &fc.,  vol.  iii.  p.  353.,  8th  edit., 
London. 

CLEEICUS  (D). 

I  beg  to  suggest  to  H.  P.  that  supra  altare  (or 
altaria,  for  one  or  other  I  infer  it  should  have 
been)  is  not  necessarily  to  be  translated  "  upon," 
i.  e.  down  upon  the  altar.  I  know  very  well 
supra  has  sometimes  this  meaning ;  but  in  the 
great  variety  of  cases  in  which  it  is  used,  do  we 
not  much  oftener  meet  with  the  idea  of  above  or 
beyond  ?  I  have  no  access  to  the  Caremoniale,  and 
therefore  cannot  tell  what  help  the  context  might 
give  to  determine  the  exact  sense.  But  if  it  be 
over  or  above,  the  absurdity  of  the  assumption 
H.  P.  mentions  vanishes.  WM.  HAZEL. 

Latten-jawed  or  Leathern-jawed  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  53. 
116.).  —  Are  not  your  correspondents  FERVUS 
and  NEGLECTUS  equally  in  error,  as  to  the  proper 
reading  of  this  word  ?  I  conceive  it  to  be  no 
other  than  a  corruption  in  either  form.  The 
original  compound  is  evidently  lanthorn-jawed  — 


an  expression  which  I  should  think  few  of  your 
readers  (especially  such  of  them  as  are  at  all  ac- 
quainted with  the  London  cabmen's  vocabulary) 
can  find  much  difficulty  in  recognising  or  in  in- 
terpreting. ANON. 

FURVUS  and  NEGLECTUS  very  unconsciously 
adopt  Latin  expressions,  and  then  are  puzzled  at 
the  sound,  Latten  is  from  laterna,  and  lantern- 
jawed  is  a  very  well  understood  term,  and,  un- 
fortunately so  ;  it  may  be  found  sufficiently  ex- 
plained in  any  dictionary.  INFANTULUS. 

Female  Parish  Overseer  (Vol.  x.,  p.  45.).  — 
With  reference  to  what  appeared  in  one  of  the 
late  Numbers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  can  inform  you  that 
about  thirty  years  ago  a  woman  was  appointed 
and  served  as  "  overseer  of  the  poor  "  of  the  parish 
of  Kensing,  near  Seven  Oaks,  in  Kent.  I  believe 
that  many  women  have  been  from  time  to  time 
appointed  to,  and  have  served,  that  office. 

IGNOTUS. 

Brasses  restored  (Vol.  x.,  p.  104.).  —  Having 
had  a  good  deal  of  practice  in  rubbing  brasses, 
and  seen  them  in  all  stages  of  preservation,  I  can 
only  exhort  JOHN  STANLEY,  M.A.,  to  patient  per- 
severance in  rubbing  off  impressions.  There  is 
no  method  of  restoring  a  worn  brass  but  re-en- 
graving. Something  may  be  gained  by  careful 
cleaning  out  the  letters  with  a  hard  brush  ;  but  I 
have  often  found  that  an  inscription  which  defied 
decyphering  on  the  brass,  came  out  legible  on  the 
rubbing.  F.  C.  H. 

Lindsay  Court  House  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  492.  552. 
602.). —  Thinking  that  I  had  seen  a  somewhat 
similar  inscription  on  the  continent,  I  referred 
back  to  my  notes,  made  many  years  ago,  and  find 
that  it  occurs  on  the  front  of  the  arsenal  at  Delft 
in  Holland,  in  two  lines,  exactly  as  follows  : 

"  Haec  domus  edit  amat  punit  conservat  honorat 
Nequitiam  pacem  crimina  jura  probos." 

S.  B. 

Lydiate. 

Hero  of  the  "Spanish  Lady's  Love"  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  573.).  —  I  have  heard  of  the  Spanish  lady's 
picture  at  Rev.  T.  B.  Wright's,  Wrangle.  Some  of 
the  Bolles  are  interred  at  Haugh.  And  in  olden 
times,  report  says,  she  also  was  fond  of  paying  her 
nightly  visits  to  that  old  mansion.  A  place  well 
fitted  for  her  wanderings  :  for  the  yew-trees  would 
add  to  her  romance,  and  the  thick  walls  of  the 
house  would  lead  you  to  suppose  that  they  were 
made  to  have  an  escape — some  say  to  Greenfield, 
or  Belleau — in  the  way  to  Thorpe  Hall.  THETA. 

Works  on  Bells  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  240.;  Vol.  x.,  p.  55..). 
—  The  instrument  called  Zfoavrpov,  to  which  W. 
B.  H.  has  kindly  called  our  attention,  is  no  doubt 
the  same  which  is  described  by  Magius,  in  his 


274 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  257. 


book  De  Tintinnabulis,  where  is  given  an  engrav- 
ing of  a  man  carrying  it.  He  calls  it  Symandron, 
and  introduces  it  thus  : 

"  Graeci  vero  Campanarum  loco  Symandrum  habent  et 
Agiosydirum.  Symandrum  Graeca  etymologia  &  convo- 
candis  hominibus,  seu  potius  coadunandis,  appellant. . . ." 

And  this  is  his  description  : 

"Symandrum  esse  scias  ligneam  tabulam  latitudine 
digitorum  plus  minus  quinque,  crassitudine  sesquidigiti, 
longitudine  fere  pedum  quatuordecim.  Non  e  quolibet 
ligno  fit,  sed  e  praeduro,  et  quantum  lignea  materia  pati- 
tur,  sonoro.  Capita  foramina  habent  nonnulla  non  magna 
admodum,  sed  pennae  anserinae,  calamove  scriptorio  per- 
via.  In  medio  tenuem  funiculum  continet.  Qui  populum 
ad  templum  est  convocaturus,  et  Campanarii  (ut  ita  cum 
vulgo  dicam)  nocturnis  et  antelucanis  horis  munus  obi- 
turus,  ante  fores  templi,  vel  edito  loco  tabulam  praenota- 
tam  malleis  duobus  ligneis  pulsat,  non  sine  aliqua  ratione 
musica,  atque  interim  in  gyrum  sensim  volvitur,  qua  re  fit 
ut  gravior  cum  non  ingrata  raucedine  sonus  emittatur. 
Tabula  non  qua  latior,  sed  qua  arctior  est,  quasi  librae 
scapus,  in  sinistro  Campanarii,  et  pulsantis  humero  quies- 
cit ;  ac  ne  pulsando  dilabatur,  funiculo  praedicto  mordicus 
apprehenso  retinetur ;  manibus  enim  non  licet,  turn  quod, 
ea  apprehensa,  sono  non  parum  decedit ;  turn  quia  utraque 
manus  malleo  impeditur.  Ambabus  enim  manibus  pulsa- 
tur  hinc  inde,  ut  nunc  quaedam  frequentamenta,  nuiic 
quasdam  quasi  pausas  audias."  — P.  76. 

As  for  the  book  on  bells  in  Mr.  Petheram's 
Catalogue  (V.),  kindly  communicated  by  F.  H.  A., 
it  must  be  one  of  the  editions  of  Clavis  Campana- 
logici,  which  I  quoted  in  my  list,  probably  that  of 
1800,  which  is  not  dated. 

Not  wishing  to  lengthen  my  list,  I  gave  the 
Latin  title  only,  Clavis  Campan.,  which  I  thought 
sufficient  without  the  translation,  A  Key  to  the 
Art  of  Ringing.  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Clyst  St.  George. 

Quotations  of  Plato  and  Aristotle  (Vol.,x.,  p.  125.). 
—  The  reference  in  Nouet's  Life  of  Christ  in 
Glory,  translated  by  Dr.  Pusey,  is  to  the  Pro- 
blems of  Aristotle,  sect.  xxx.  6. : 

"  Aid  -ft  ivOptaira  irtiore'ov  jutxXAoc,  >/  aA Aw  <J<oa> ;  fforepov 
i<7Tr«p  nXaTUK  Neox\et  a-c/cptVaro,  OTI  ipidfj-elv  fiovov  eiri- 
CTTarai  riav  aAAui/  [£<a<at>];  ij  OTI  fleovs  vo/xtfet /ioros ;  T\  OTI 
|xi/xi)TiictiiTarof ;  pa.v0a.vtiv  yap  ivparai  Sia.  TOVTO." 

Nouet's  error  consists  in  ascribing  an  opinion 
to  Aristotle  which  Aristotle  expressly  attributes 
to  Plato  ;  not,  however,  that  the  science  of  num- 
bers makes  man  " the  wisest"  as  Nouet  translates, 
but  the  most  credible  of  animals ;  ireiareov  meaning 
power  of  persuasion  reduced  into  action.  Compare 
Arist.,  Rhet,  1. 1.  c.  i.  s.  14.,  and  Euripides  (Hipp,, 
1183.) 

"  IIei<rT€OV  irarpbs  Xoyoif." 

Translated  by  Carmeli  — 

"  Si  dee 
Obbedire  del  Padre  alle  parole." 

Theod.  Gaza  translates  this  word  in  Aristotle's 
Problems,  "  credendum  est." 

The    words    rwv     %<!><av    /j.i/j.i)TiK<aTa.TOs    avdpunros 
would  furnish   a  good    motto    for    the   Crystal 


Palace ;  nip-ncris,  in  Aristotle  (Poetics,  c.  i.-iii.), 
comprising  the  imitative  and  much  of  the  inven- 
tive faculty,  w"hich,  as  developed  in  the  fine  and 
useful  arts,  is  more  characteristic  of  man  even 
than  religion  itself,  the  former  being  objective, 
whilst  religion,  if  genu'me,  is  mainly  subjective. 
The  view  taken  by  Aristotle  is,  that  man  is  dis- 
tinguished from  other  animals  by  religion,  and  by 
being  subjected  to  authority  through  the  exercise 
of  the  mimetic  faculty  ;  by  which  also  he  acquires 
knowledge  *,  a  very  different  sentiment  from  that 
attributed  to  him  by  Nouet.  T.  J.  BCCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Monster  found  at  Maidstone  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  106.). 
—  The  monster  found  at  Maidstone  in  1206,  which 
is  the  subject  of  H.  W.  D.'s  Query,  is  mentioned 
by  Sir  Thomas  Baker  in  his  Chronicles  of  the 
Kings  of  England,  1679.  Under  the  head  of 
"  Casualties  happening  in  his  (King  John's)  time," 
he  describes  the  creature,  with  two  other  prodigies, 
which  savour  much  of  the  marvellous  : 

"  Fishes  of  strange  shape  were  taken  in  England,  armed 
with  helmets  and  shields,  and  were  like  unto  armed 
knights,  saving  they  were  far  greater  in  proportion. 
About  Maidstone  in  Kent  a  certain  monster  was  found 
stricken  with  the  lightning,  which  monster  had  a  head 
like  an  ass,  a  belly  like  a  man,  and  all  other  parts  differ- 
ing from  any  other  creature.  Also  in  Suffolk  was  taken 
a  fish  in  form  like  a  man,  and  was  kept  six  months  upon 
land  with  raw  flesh  and  fish,  and  then,  for  that  they 
could  have  no  speech  of  it,  they  cast  it  into  the  sea 
again." 

Truly  the  thirteenth  century  was  an  age  happy 
in  its  production  of  "  odd  fish !  " 

F.  M.  MiDDLETON. 

"  Old  Rowley  "  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  235. 457.  477.)— 
LORD  BKAYBBOOKE'S  account  is  probably  the  cor- 
rect one ;  but  in  Bohn's  edition  of  Count  Gram- 
monfs  Memoirs,  another  derivation  is  mentioned. 

"  In  the  Richardsoniana  is  given  the  following  account 
of  the  origin  of  the  king's  nickname  of  Rowley  :  '  There 
was  an  old  goat  that  used  to  roam  about  the  privy- 
garden  to  which  they  had  given  this  name;  a  rank 
lecherous  devil,  that  everybody  knew  and  used  to  stroke, 
because  he  was  good-humoured  and  familiar ;  and  so  they 
applied  this  name  to  Charles.'  One  evening,  Charles 
heard  one  of  the  maids  of  honour  singing  a  ballad  in  their 
apartment,  in  which  old  Rowley  was  mentioned  in  a 
rather  unpleasant  manner.  After  listening  for  a  few  mo- 
ments, he  knocked  at  the  door.  '  Who  is  there  ?'  cried 
Miss  Howard,  who  turned  out  to  be  the  vocalist.  _  '  Only 
old  Rowley,'  was  the  good-natured  reply."— P.  450. 

CCTHBEET  BEDE,  B.  A. 

"Incidis  in  Scyllam,"  SfC.  (Vol.  ii.,  pp.  85.  136. 
141.). —  Several  correspondents  have  traced  this 

*  The  discipline  of  the  army,  navy,  of  schools,  colleges, 
and  of  the  learned  professions,  when  governed  by  au- 
thority, illustrates  the  M'^T<-«  of  Aristotle.  This  principle 
appears  to  operate  amongst  gregarious  animals,  who,  for 
instance,  feed  in  a  sort  of  rank-and-file  order,  and  evince 
it  verv  distinctly  when  alarmed  by  their  natural  enemies. 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


275 


line  to  its  source ;  but  neither  has  Erasmus  nor 
have  they  pointed  out  a  much  older  authority  for 
the  proverb  itself.  See  St.  Augustine  In  Joan. 
Evang.,  Tract,  xxxvi.  §  9. : 

"  Ne  iterum  quasi  fugiens  Chary bdim,  in  Scyllam  in- 
curras ;" 

And  again : 

"A  Charybdi  quidem  evasisti,  sed  in  Scyllseis  scopulis 
naufragasti."  In  medio  naviga,  utrumque  periculosum  latus 
evita." 

J.  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

Curious  Prints  (Vol.  x.,  p.  51.).  —  The  print  in- 
quired about  by  I.  R.  R.  was  published  in  Oxford 
Magazine,  Dec.,  1768.  It  represents  Samuel 
Gillam,  Esq.,  a  Surrey  magistrate,  who  was  tried 
for  ordering  the  soldiery  to  fire  upon  the  mob  in 
St.  George's  Fields,  May  10,  1768.  The  person 
standing  behind  him  is  certainly  Wilkes.  See 
Public  Advertiser,  Aug.  17,  1768.  EDW.  HAWKINS. 

"  Cursd  Croyland"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  146.).  —In  the 
manor  of  Holm- Cul tram  there  is  a  district  of  lands 
which  anciently  belonged  to  the  abbey,  and  was 
demised  to  copyholders  freed  from  tithes.  These 
lands  are  now  called  "  Curs'  t  Lands:"  and  it  is 
understood  that  "the  term  curst  is  a  corruption  of 
"  crossed,"  originally  used  to  denote  the  tenure 
under  the  abbey  and  the  freedom  from  tithe. 
"  Curs'd  Croyland"  may  probably  mean  Crossed 
Croyland.  KARL. 

"  To  captivate'"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  8.).  —  After  a  dili- 
gent search,  I  very  much  doubt  if  the  above  word 
can  be  found  in  any  old  English  dictionary,  to 
express  a  different  term  from  that  of  capturing 
in  the  literal  sense  of  the  word  :  "  Captivating ;  a 
capture."  (Vide  Howell's  Dictionary,  A.  D.  1 660.) 

w.w. 

Malta. 

Heraldic  (Vol.  x.,  p.  164.).  —  Arms  of  Challe- 
nor,  of  co.  Sussex.  Az.,  a  chev.  arg.  between  three 
mascles  or.  Crest :  A  wolf  statant  reguard*.  arg., 
pierced  through  the  shoulder  by  a  broken  spear 
or,  the  upper  part  in  his  mouth,  the  lower  resting 
on  the  wreath. 

Nicholls  of  East  Grinstead.  I  find  no  arms  re- 
gistered to  a  family  of  Nicholls,  of  East  Grinstead, 
but  a  family  of  Nicholls,  of  Trewane,  co.  Cornwall, 
bears,  Sa.,  three  pheons  arg.  Crest :  A  hand 
couped,  lying  fesseways,  ppr.,  holding  a  bow  or 
stringed  arg.  (confirmed  by  Camden.) 

Plomer,  of  co.  Sussex.  Per  chev.  flory,  coun- 
terflory  arg.  and  gu.  three  martlets  counter- 
changed.  Crest :  A  demi-liou  gu.,  holding  a  garbe 
or. 

Brooke.  There  are  many  different  families  of 
this  name,  bearing  different  arms,  but  I  do  not 
find  any  registered  to  Brooke  of  Barkham. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  Arnold. 


Brockhill  or  Brockhull,  of  Aldington,  co.  Kent. 
Gu.,  a  cross  eng.  arg.,  between  twelve  cross 
crosslets  or. 

Burton.  The  same  may  be  said  of  this  as  of 
Brooke  and  Arnold. 

Milles,  of  Suffolk.  Arg.,  a  chev.  between  three 
millrinds  sa. 

Bragge,  West  Clandon,  co.  Surrey.  Or,  a 
chev.  gu.,  between  three  bulls  pass4  sa.  Crest: 
Out  of  a  ducal  coronet  or,  a  bull's  head  sa. 

Harper.  I  cannot  find  the  arms  of  this  family. 

C.  J.  DOUGLAS. 

Hydropathy  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  395.  575. ;  Vol.  x., 
pp.  28.  107.). — An  empirical  work  upon  the  re- 
medial properties  of  common  water  was  published 
in  1723  by  a  certain  Dr.  Hancocke,  and  seems  to 
have  excited  considerable  attention.  It  was  en- 
titled 

"  Febrifugum  Magnum ;  or,  Common  Water  the  best 
Cure  for  Fevers,  and  probably  for  the  Plague.  By  John 
Hancocke,  D.D.  London,  8vo.,  1723." 

It  was  followed,  three  years  after,  by  a  more  im- 
portant treatise  : 

"  Febrifugum  Magnum  Morbifugum  Magnum ;  or,  the 
Grand  Febrifuge  improved.  Being  an  essay  to  make  it 
probable  that  common  water  is  good  for  many  distempers 
that  are  not  mentioned  in  Dr.  Hancocke's  'Febrifugum 
Magnum.'  8vo.,  London,  1726." 

About  the  same  period  water  enjoyed  consider- 
able reputation,  as  an  universal  remedy,  in  France, 
Spain,  and  Italy.  Some  interesting  particulars  re- 
specting its  use  in  the  latter  countries  will  be  found 
in  the  Philosophical  Transactions,  vol  xxxvi.,  com- 
municated by  Dr.  Cyrillus,  a  Neapolitan  professor. 
In  France,  un  medecin  d'eau  douce  is  a  common  ap- 
pellation for  a  quack.  The  learned  Menage  thus 
comments  upon  the  title  : 

"  Je  ne  sais  pourquoi  nous  disons  en  commun  proverbc 
medecin  d'eau  douce,  comme  si  1'eau  douce,  c'est-a-dire 
1'eau  des  fontaines  et  des  rivieres,  ne  pouvait  ctre  ordonne'e 
dans  nos  maladies,  que  par  des  medecins  ignorans.  Ce- 
pendant  nous  voyons  tous  les  jours  des  hommes  et  des 
femmes  etouffees  des  vapeurs,  et  en  e'tat  meine  d'etre  suf- 
foquees,  se  guerir  dans  le  moment  par  un  verre  ou  deux 
d'eau  fraiche  qu'on  leur  fait  avaler.  Et  c'est  peut-etre  le 
seul  remede  capable  de  soulager  les  personnes  qui  sont 
veritablemer.t  attaquees;  car  pour  ce  qui  est  des  vapeurs 
imaginaires  des  gens  oisifs,  elles  sont  incurables. 

"  J'ai  vu  1'eau  de  la  Seine  produire  des  effets  merveilleux 
dans  des  malades  brulez  de  fievres  ardentes.  II  est  vrai 
que  cette  eau  &  Paris  est  dangereuse  aux  Normans,  par  le 
trop  grand  mouvement  qu'elle  donne  a  leur  bile ;  maia 
peut-etre  cela  vient-il,  non  de  la  qualite  de  1'eau,  qui  est 
tres-bonne  d'elle-meme,  mais  de  la  mauvaise  qualite'  dea 
immondices  de  la  ville  qui  s'y  melent."  —  Menagiana, 
torn.  iii.  p.  63. 

An  interesting  pnper  on  the  "  Medicinal  Effects 
of  Water  "  will  be  found  in  Millingen's  Curiosities 
of  Medical  Experience,  2nd  edit.,  p.  252. 

WILLIAM  BATES 

Birmingham. 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  257. 


Double  Christian  Names  (Vol.  x.,  p.  18.).  —  In 
looking  over  the  Alumni  Etonenses  from  1443,  I 
find  the  first  instance  of  more  than  one  Christian 
name  in  1737,  when  the  name  of  "  Thomas  Roger 
Duquesne"  occurs.  Duquesne  was,  I  believe,  the 
son  of  the  Marquis  Duquesne,  a  French  refugee, 
and  grandson  of  the  famous  High  Admiral  of 
France.  Afterwards,  in  1741,  occurs  "George 
Lewis  Jones."  From  1742  to  1752,  out  of  forty- 
nine  Alumni,  only  five  have  more  than  one  Chris- 
tian name.  In  ten  years,  from  1836  to  1846,  out 
of  thirty-seven  Alumni  no  less  than  twenty-three 
have  more  than  one  Christian  name.  J.  H.  L. 

In  reading  the  references  of  your  correspon- 
dents on  this  topic,  and  accepting  the  restriction 
of  MR.  WARDEN,  the  instances  of  the  Scallgers, 
which  go  farther  back,  at  once  occurred  to  me. 
Joseph  Justus  Scaliger,  for  example,  was  born  in 
1540  ;  but  his  father,  Julius  Csesar  Scaliger,  dates 
himself  back  to  1484.  If,  however,  we  doubt,  as 
we  may  do,  the  accuracy  of  the  soi-disant  Sca- 
liger, and  consider  his  praenomen  as  an  adoptive, 
not  baptismal,  name,  we  are  not  left  without  still 
earlier  examples.  On  looking  back  to  a  list  I 
once  made  for  another  purpose,  I  find,  for  ex- 
ample : 

Giov.  Battista  Ramusio,  the  well-known  his- 
torian and  geographer  of  Venice,  born  in  1485. 

Giov.  Giorgio  Trissino,  of  Vicenza,  born  in 
1478. 

Gian.  Giacopo  Trivulzio,  of  Milan,  goes  back  to 
1447. 

Cocceius  Sabellicus,  the  Venetian  historian, 
whose  real  name  was  Marc- Antonio  Coccio,  is  to 
be  dated  to  1436  ;  and  unless,  as  in  the  case  of 
J.  C.  Scaliger,  we  regard  the  name  as  not  having 
been  baptismal  (though  I  do  not  see  how  this 
affects  the  historical  aspect  of  the  question),  the 
Ferrarese  poet  and  administrator,  Strozzi,  bears 
a  magnificent  double  name  of  Tito-Vespasiano  as 
far  back  as  1422. 

All  these  are  Italians  ;  and  it  did  not  strike  me 
till  writing  this  that  your  correspondents  are  in 
reality  referring  only  to  English  instances,  in 
which  case  this  note,  unless  for  its  bearing  on  the 
general  topic  of  civilisation,  as  evinced  in  bap- 
tismal nomenclature,  becomes  superfluous. 

I.  H.  A. 

Baltimore,  TJ.  S. 

Is  not  the  following  an  earlier  instance  of  double 
Christian  name  than  any  yet  recorded  in  "  N.  & 
Q."? 

"The  house  of  James  Lynch  Fitzstephen,  who  was  mayor 
in  1493,"  &c. — Penny  Cyclop.,  vol.  ii.  p.  61.,  art.  GALWAY. 

N.  J.  H. 

Major  Andre  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  1 1 1 .).  —  Three  maiden 
sisters  of  Major  Andre  lived  for  many  years  at 
No.  23.  Circus,  Bath.  They  dropped  off  one  after 
another;  the  last  died  within  the  last  ten  years. 


About  twenty-five  or  thirty  years  ago,  a  young 
Frenchman  named  Ernest  Andre  came  to  see  his 
old  aunts  ;  he  was  their  great-nephew.  His  father 
at  that  time  lived  at  Paris.  The  old  ladies  said  he 
was  their  nearest  relation.  Perhaps  some  one  at 
Bath  could  tell  where  they  were  buried ;  the  date 
would  give  a  clue  to  the  will  of  the  last,  and  it  is 
most  probable  their  nearest  relatives  inherited 
their  property,  so  that  their  names  would  probably 
be  in  the  will. 

The  old  ladies  probably  were  buried  at  Weston, 
a  village  near  Bath,  a  favourite  burial-place  of 
the  gentry  at  Bath.  ANON. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  some  of  the  correspon- 
dents of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  who  have  the  means  of  doing 
so,  will  come  forward  and  vindicate  the  memory 
of  Mnjor  Andre  from  the  imputations  cast  upon  it 
by  MK.  THOMPSON  WESTCOTT.  The  question  is 
no  longer  confined  to  a  mere  difference  of  opinion 
as  to  whether  or  not  Andre  had  acted  the  part  of 
a  spy.  ME.  WESTCOTT  not  only  contests  his  right 
to  that  honourable  and  honest  character  ;  but  goes 
the  length  of  representing  him  as  having  been 
engaged  in  the  dishonourable  offices  of  a  "  tempter 
of  virtue  "  and  a  "  negociator  of,  treason."  The 
sympathy  shown  in  England  for  the  unmerited 
fate  of  that  gallant  officer,  was  universal ;  and  it 
found  a  fitting  expression  in  the  honours  paid  to 
his  memory  by  the  British  government.  But,  if 
the  character  given  of  him  by  MR.  WESTCOTT  is 
to  be  accredited,  then  all  our  sympathy  has  been 
bestowed  upon  a  man,  whose  name  goes  down  to 
posterity  with  the  brand  of  infamy  and  dishonour. 

I  was  not  a  little  surprised  to  find  MR.  WEST- 
COTT using  such  expressions  as  "  honourable  spy," 
"  honest  spy ; "  and  suggesting,  as  a  palliation  for 
Andre's  alleged  dishonourable  conduct,  that  "  he 
might  have  been  forced  into  the  position  by  su- 
perior command."  These  sentiments  may  be 
American,  but  they  are  not  English.  Our  notion 
of  such  matters  was  long  ago  expressed  by  that 
right-minded  Briton,  who  thanked  God  that  we 
had  no  synonym  in  our  language  for  the  word 
espionnage.  HENRY  H.  BREEN, 

St.  Lucia. 

In  the  pleasant  village  of  Tarrytown,  West 
Chester  county,  which  is  situated  on  the  easb 
banks  of  the  Hudson  river,  and  only  twenty-six 
miles  from  New  York,  a  monument  has  been  re- 
cently erected  bearing  the  following  inscription  : 

"  On  this  spot,  the  23rd  day  of  December,  1780,  the 
spy,  Major  Andre,  was  captured  by  John  Caulding,  Isaac 
Van  Wart,  and  David  Williams,  all  natives  and  inhabit- 
ants of  this  county.  History  has  told  the  rest." 

An  engraving  of  the  monument  appeared  in  the 
New  York  Sun,  June  3,  1854.  From  the  notice 
which  accompanied  it  the  above  extract  is  taken. 

w.w. 

Malta. 


SEPT.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


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No.  258.] 


SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  7.  1854. 


{Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

POPIANA  :  — "The  Dunciad "  —  Pope's 
Quarrels  -  -  -  -  -2/7 

The  Lord  Chancellor's  Purse,  by  Ed- 
ward Fosa  -  -  -  -  278 

High  Church  and  Low  Church   -          -    278 

Southey  and  Voltaire,  by  Professor  De 
Morgan 282 

Cornwall  Family,  their  Monuments, &c., 
by  J.  B.  Whitborne  -  -  -  282 

A  remarkable  and  authentic  Prophecy  -    234 

MINOR  NOTES:— The  Crimea— Errors 
in  Dates  of  Post-Office  Stamps  — "  The 
Poor  Voter's  Song  "— Pegrime  Manin- 
tree  :  Matthew  Hopkins— Pulpit  Pun 
—  Louis  Napoleon  and  his  Beard- 
Thierry's  Theory  -  -  -  284 


TVilliam  Houlbrook,  the  Blacksmith  of 
Marlborough  -  -  -  -  286 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  _  Arthur,  Earl  of 
Anglesey  —  The  noted  \Vestons  of 
Winchelsea  —  Lightfoot  :  Pocock  : 
Thorndike  :  TJpcott  —  Slaughtering 
Cattle  in  Towns  — Who  is  General 
Prim  ?  —  Mudie's  "  Propositions  "  — 
Monastery  of  Nutcelle  —  Quotations 
Wanted  —  Anastatic  Printing  —  Dr. 
Noad's  Lectures  —  No  Tides  in  the 
Baltic— Vaccination— Speech  of  Lord 
Derby  —  "  The  Friends  "  —  Genoa 
Registers  —  Geoffery  Alford  -  -  286 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Pascal  Paoli — Pizarro  and  Almagro 

—  Names  of  Churches  —  Artificial  Ice 

—  Milton's  Watch          -          -          -    289 

REPLIES:  — 


"  Walsingliam's  Manual  " 
Ancient  Alphabets,  by 
Jebb 


-  290 
v.  John 

-  291 
Boston  :   Burdelyers  :  Wilkyns  :  Fem- 

ble 291 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :— Opa- 
city of  Collodion  —  Travelling  Photo- 
graphers —  Photographic  Patents  — 
Photographic  Terms  :  Glucose,  Bitu- 
men of  Judcca  —  Calotype  Views  of 
Interiors  -----  292 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Cen- 
nick's  Hymns  —  "  Sranks  "  —  Ra- 
phael's Cartoons—  Chinese  Proverbs- 
Long  Sir  Thomas  Robinson  — "  Cul- 
tiver  mon  jardin  "— Love  —  Dollond's 
Telescopes—  Great  Events  from  little 
Causes  —  Leases  _  The  Fashion  of 
Brittany  —  "  Thee  "  and  "  thou  "  — 
Marriage  Custom— Elstob  Family  -  293 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.          -          -  -    295 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X.  — No.  258. 


Multce  terricolis  lingua;,  ccelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LT1  AND  SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
Free  by  Post.    It  contains  Lists  of 

guarto  Family  Bibles ;  Ancient 
nglish  Translations  ;  Manuscript- 
notes  Bibles  ;  Polyglot  Bibles  in  every  variety 
of  Size  and  Combination  of  Language  ;  Pa- 
rallel-passages Bibles ;  Greek  Critical  and 
other  Testaments  ;  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  and  many 
other  Languages,  in  great  variety  ;  Aids  to  the 
Study  of  the  Old  Testament  and  of  the  New 
Testament ;  and  Miscellaneous  Biblical  and 
other  Works.  By  Post  Free. 

London  :  SAMUEL  BAGRTER  &  SONS, 
15.  Paternoster  Row. 


TO  BOOK  COLLECTORS.— 
C.  F.  HUSK'S  CATALOGUE  OF 
MISCELLANEOUS  KNGLISH  AND 
FOREIGN  BOOKS,  many  in  fine  condition, 
is  now  ready,  and  will  be  sent  Post  Free  on 
application  to 

C.  F.  HUSK,  Bookseller,  21.  Haymarket, 
London. 


TO  LONDON  COLLECTORS. 
—  Shortly  will  be  published,  a  Series  of 
Illustrations  of  the  MONUMKNTAt 
BRASSES  in  the  LONDuN  CHURCHES, 
engraved  on  Wood  in  the  best  style  by  MR. 
CLEGHORN,  and  printed  on  large  paper. 
For  the  convenience  of  Collectors  they  will  be 
issued  sinsly,  price  One  Shilling  :  and  a  few 
Proofs  will  be  struck  off  on  India  paper,  for 
which  early  application  should  be  made.  The 
First  of  the  Series  will  be  the  female  figure 
with  heraldic  mantle  from  St.  Helen's,  Bi- 
•hoMtate.  Subscribers'  names,  either  for  the 
Series,  or  for  any  particular  brass,  to  be  ad- 
dressed to  MR.  THORBURN,  Bookseller, 
Carthusian  Street,  Charterhouse  Square,  who 
will  also  receive  any  Communications  ad- 
dressed to  the  Editors  on  the  subject  of  the 
London  Brasses. 


MURRAY'S 
BRITISH     CLASSICS. 

Publishing  Monthly,  in  Demy  Octavo  Volumes. 

Just  published.  Vol.  I.,  8vo.,  7s.  6d. 

JOHNSON'S  LIVES  OF  THE 

fj  ENGLISH  POETS,  with  Critical  Ob- 
servations on  their  Works.  Edited,  with 
Corrective  nurt  Explanatory  Notes,  by  PETER 
CrXNINGlIAM,  F.S.A.  To  be  completed 
in  3  Vols. 

"  Murray's  '  British  Classics,'  so  edited  and 
printed  as  to  take  the  highest  place  in  any 
library.  Beyond  all  question  the  cheapest 
books  of  the  day."  —  Examiner. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


Recently  published,  in  18mo.,  stiff  covers. 

A  FRENCH  WORD  BOOK, 
after  the  Plan  of  the  Abbe  Bossut,  con- 
taining, besides  a  list  of  the  Words  most  fre- 
quently used,  a  large  number  of  Elements  of 
Phrases,  such  as  Adjectives,  Verbs,  Preposi- 
tions. &c.,  joined  to  Substantives.  By  A.  MA- 
NIER.  Price  Is. 

Also,  by  the  same  Author, 

A  FRENCH  PHRASE  BOOK, 

containing  more  than  900  Phrases  on  the  usual 
Topics  of  General  Conversation.  Is. 

A  FIRST  FRENCH  READ- 
ING BOOK,  comprising  Extracts  from  Ma- 
dame Guizot,  Rulhiere,  Florian,  &c.,  with  a 
literal  interlinear  Translation.  Is.  6d. 

A  SECOND  FRENCH  READ- 

ING  BOOK,  containing  Twenty-one  Extracts 
in  Prose  or  Verse,  chiefly  from  the  French 
Classics  :  Voltnire,  Buffon,  Marmontel,  Ber- 
nardin  de  St.  Pierre,  &c. ;  with  Explanatory 
Notes  for  the  translation  of  the  most  difficult 
passages.  Price  Is.  6rf. 

London  :  D.  NUTT,  270.  Strand. 


ANNOTATED  EDITION  OF   THE   EN- 
GLISH POETS.    By  ROBERT  BELL. 

This  Day,  2s.  6d.  cloth, 

JOHN     OLDHAM'S    POETI- 
CAL WORKS. 

Already  published. 

DRYDEN.     Complete  in  Three 

Volumes.     7s.  6d. 

SURREY,  MINOR  CON- 
TEMPORANEOUS POETS,  and  SACK- 
VILLE,  LORD  BUCKHURST.  2s.  6rf. 

COWPER.    Complete  in  Three 

Volumes.    7s.  6rf. 

SONGS  FROM  THE  DRA- 
MATISTS. 2s.  6'J. 

SIR   THOMAS    WYATT, 

2s.  6d. 

On  the  First  of  November, 

POETICAL     WORKS     OF 

EDMUND  WALLER. 

London  :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON, 
West  Strand. 


PARLEY'S  HISTORY. 

New  Edition,  brought  down  to  the  Present 
Time,  illustrated  with  New  Maps,  engraved 
on  Steel. 

Price,  bound  in  cloth,  gilt,  5s. 

TTNIVERSAL     HISTORY,    on 

U     the   Bases  of  Geography.    By  PETER  . 
PARLEY.  Author  of  "  Tales  about  Natural 
History,"  "  The  Pea."  &c.     For  the  Use    of 
Families.    Sixth  Edition. 

London  :  WILLIAM  TEGG  &  CO., 

*.}.  Queen  Street,  Chcapside. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  258. 


XYLO-IODIDE   OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 
tographic Establishments — The  superiority  of  thia  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged    Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day , 
warrant  the  assertion,  that   hitherto  no   preparation   has    been,  discovered   which   produces 
uniformly  such. perfect^ pictures,  ff^^^^^^^^^^^.V*^!..^  ^}.^?. 


wucrc  »  HU»U,",  ~  -H -  —  -••-  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 

Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.    Full  instructor 


where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  t 

Bottles, 

for  use. 


. 

CAUTION  —Kach  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Addresl,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL.  Manufacturer  of  Pure 


Just  published. 

•PRACTICAL      PHOTOGRA- 

[  PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Lis-'ht,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BUMEN, WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  6d. 

Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pno- 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattamed  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 
BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 

phical  Instrument   Makers,   and  Operative 

Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Viaion  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


DISSOLUTION     OF    PART- 
NERSHIP. —  EDWARD     GEORGE 
WOOD,  Optic  an,  &c.,  late  of  123.  and  121. 
Newgate  Street,  begs  to  invite   attention   to 
his  New  Establishment,  No.  117.  Cheapside, 

Photographic  Cameras  and  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c. :  Spectacles,  Opera  Glasses.  Tele- 
scopes ami  Race  Glasses,  Barometers,  Thermo- 
meters, Hydrometers,  &c. ;  Philosophical  and 
Chemical  Apparatus.  All  kinds  of  Photogra- 
phic Papers,  iiluin  ai  d  prepared.  Photographic 
Papers  and  Solutions  prepared  according  to  any 
given  formula. 


[R.  T.  L.  MERRITT'S  IM- 
PROVED CAMERA,  for  the  CALO- 
^  *PE  and  COLLODION  PROCESSES  ;  by 
which  from  Twelve  to  Twenty  Views,  &c.,  may 
be  taken  in  Succession,  and  then  dropped  into 
a.  Receptacle  provided  for  them,  without  pos- 
sibility of  injury  from  light. 

As  neither  Tent,  Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  as  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
ating in  a  Room. 

Maidstone,  Aug.  21. 1854. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A .  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings.  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

L    DION J.  B.  HOCKIN  ft  CO.,  Chemists, 

289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 
Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 

Juirements  for  the  practice  of  Photography, 
nstruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  !«.,  per  Post.  1*.  2<t 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

I  ft  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicicy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


TIT  HOLES  ALE  PHOTO  GRA- 
VY PHIC  AND  OPTICAL  WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Red  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depot  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

TKU     BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

IJ  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 
CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation, 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness, and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headache?,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceache,  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  biles  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  c  uzh.  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It,  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  inf  ntg  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CADTIOW  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1854.  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  mil  0/50,000  Cure*; 

Cure  No.  47,121 :  — "Miss  Elizabeth  Jacobs, 
of  Nazine  Vicarage,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts  : 
a  cure  of  extreme  nervousness,  indigestion, 
gatherings,  low  spirits,  and  nervous  fancies." 

Cure  No.  48,314  :  _"  Miss  Elizabeth  Yeoman, 
Gateacre,  near  Liverpool :  a  cure  of  ten  years* 
dyspepsia,  and  all  the  horrors  of  nervous  irri- 
tability." 

Cure  No.  3906  :  "  Thirteen  years'  cough, 
indigestion,  and  general  debility,  have  been 
removed  by  Du  Barry's  excellent  Revalenta 
A*  abica  Food."— JAMES  POKTEH,  Athol  Street, 
Perth. 

Cure  48,615:  — "For  the  last  ten  years  I 
have  been  suffering  from  dyspepsia,  headaches, 
nervousness,  low  spirits,  sleeplessness,  and  de- 
lusions, and  swallowed  an  incredible  amount 
of  medicine  without  relief.  I  am  happy  to  say 
that  your  food  has  cured  me,  and  I  am  now 
enjoying  better  health  than  I  have  had  for 
many  years  past."  — J.  S.  NEWTON,  Plymouth. 
May  9th,  1851. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

ZJL    CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
anil  Description  of  upwards  of    100  articles, 
consisting  of 
PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 

Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  tree  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travel  ling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  ban,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  tour  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18  K  22.  West  Strand. 


Willt'Ughby,  Esq.,  a   cure  of  many  years'  bi- 


No.  52,418,  Dr.  Cries,  Magdeburg,  record- 
in"  the  cure  of  his  wife  from  pulmonary  con- 
sumption, with  night  sweats  and  ulcerated 
lungs,  which  had  resisted  all  medicines,  and 
appeared  a  hopeless  case.  No.  5-',« i ,  Dr.  Gat- 
tikcr  Zurich  ;  cure  of  cancer  of  the  stomach 
and  fearfully  distressing  vomiti<  gs,  habitual 
flatulency, and cliolie.  All  the  above  parties 
will  be  happy  to  answer  any  inquii  ies. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lib.,  '2s. 
9d.;  211).,  4s.  6d.  ;  5lb.,  11«. ;  12lb.,22*.  ;  super- 
refined,  lib  ,  6s., ;  2lb.,  Ms.  ;  51b  ,  «*.  ;  lOlb.. 
3:«.  The  lOlb.  and  121b.  carriage  fre.-,  on  post- 
office  order.  Barry,  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77- 
Regent  Street,  London ;  Fortnum,  Mason,  & 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly: 
al--o  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street  :  330.  Strand,  of 
Barclay,  Edwards,  Sutton,  Sanger,  Hannay, 
Newberry,  and  may  be  ordered  through  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers,  Grocers,  and  Chemists. 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  7,  1854. 


"  The  Dunciad"— I  am  obliged  to  M.  M.  K. 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  218.)  for  pointing  out  a  slip  of  my  pen, 
or  an  error  of  the  press  (most  likely  the  former), 
in  one  of  my  communications,  dating  the  edition 
that  Pope  was  preparing  a  little  before  his  death 
"  1744-5"  instead  of  "  1743-4." 

This  edition  I  meant  to  designate  as  that  of 
1743-4,  because,  by  Spence's  account,  it  would 
seem  that  the  Ethic  Epistles  (as  distinguished 
from  the  Essay  on  Man)  were  only  distributed 
amongst  friends,  and  therefore  probably  only 
printed  in  the  spring  of  1744,  a  little  before  Pope's 
death  ;  but  I  have  before  me  the  Essay  on  Man, 
the  Essay  on  Criticism,  and  The  Dunciad  (four 
books,  with  Gibber  as  the  hero),  handsome  quartos, 
"  printed  by  W.  Bowyer  for  M.  Cooper,  1743." 
They  are  bound  in  one  volume,  but  each  work 
has  a  separate  pagination.  And  it  seems  to  me 
that  they  were  parts  of  the  projected  general  edi- 
tion which  Pope  was  preparing ;  and  that  the 
Ethic  Epistles,  mentioned  by  Bolingbroke  and 
Spence,  were  another  livraison  of  this  edition, 
which  Pope  was  thus  printing  a  batons  rompus,  as 
he  had  already  done  the  second  volume  of  the  fine 
quarto  edition  of  1735,  in  which  all  the  different 
pieces  have  a  separate  pagination.  The  fact  of 
these  important  portions  of  a  quarto  edition  of 
1743  (which  I  have  before  my  eyes,  and  of  which 
I  cannot  doubt  that  the  Ethic  Epistles  were  printed 
as  a  continuation)  effectually  disproves  ME.  CAR- 
RUTHERS'  hypothesis  that  any  sheets  of  that  edition 
could  have  been  afterwards  used  in  Warburton's 
octavo  edition  of  1751,  and  leads  me  to  hope  that 
a  quarto  copy  of  the  Ethic  Epistles  with  the  cha- 
racter of  Atossa  may  yet  be  found. 

When  MB.  CARRUTHERS  says  (Vol.  x.,  p.  239.) 
that  "  the  printed  correspondence  is  conclusive  on 
the  point"  of  there  being  no  earlier  edition  of 
The  Dunciad  than  that  of  1728,  I  beg  leave 
(though  I  myself  incline  to  that  opinion)  to  ob- 
serve that  the  evidence  derived  from  the  "  corre- 
spondence" is  only  inferential,  and  by  no  means 
"  conclusive."  Nor  do  I  see  why  inferences  from 
the  correspondence  are  to  be  taken  as  "  conclu- 
sive" against  the  clear  and  reiterated  assertions 
of  Pope's  own  notes  and  prefaces  :  but,  waiving 
that  consideration,  I  would  invite  attention  to  a 
paragraph  in  the  Correspondence  which  repeats,  in 
an  incidental  and  unpremeditated,  and  therefore 
more  trustworthy  way,  the  assertion  of  the  fice 
earlier  editions.  After  having  sent  Swift  the 
quarto  of  1729,  he  announces  to  him  a  "second 
edition  in  octavo:"  this  announcement  is  dated 
Nov.  28,  1729,  and  is  in  these  words : 

"  The  second  (as  it  is  called,  but  indeed  the  EIGHTH) 


edition  of  The  Dunciad,  with  some  additional  notes,  &c., 
shall  be  sent  to  you." 

That  is,  the  second  avowed  edition,  the  quarto  of 
1729  being  the  first.  Where  then  are  the  six 
others  to  be  found  ?  Clearly  in  the  five  spurious 
editions  complained  of,  as  printed  prior  to  that  by 
A.  Dodd,  1728  ;  which  he  reckons  as  the  sixth, 
the  quarto  as  the  seventh,  and  the  octavo  as  really 
the  eighth.  Whatever  may  be  thought  of  Pope's 
desire  of  mystifying  the  public,  how  can  it  be  ac- 
counted for  that  in  a  private  letter  of  that  late 
date,  to  so  confidential  a  friend,  he  should  have 
interpolated  a  repetition  of  a  gratuitous  and  wholly 
unimportant  fable. 

The  WRITER  OF  THE  ARTICLES,  &c.  has  noticed 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  239.)  a  very  curious  variation  (one  of 
those  that  I  had  already  noticed,  and  that  had 
made  me  anxious  to  discover  one  of  the  earlier 
copies),  by  which,  at  B.  1.  1. 104.  of  The  Dunciad, 

"D n,"  which  Faulkener's  Dublin  edition  had 

filled  up  as  "  Dryden,"  was   slily  converted  by 

Pope  into  "  D ,"  without  the  final  n,  and  then 

explained  to  mean,  not  "  Dryden  "  but  "  Dennis." 

The  note  in  which  this  legerdemain  was  effected 

is  said  by  the  WRITER  to  have  been  "  omitted  in 

Warburtoris,  and  all  subsequent  editions ; "  but  I 

beg  leave  to  acquaint  him,  that  it  was  omitted  in 

Pope's  own  fine  quarto  edition  of  1735,   and  in 

I  those  of  1736  and  1743.     I  cannot  for  a  moment 

l  believe  that  Dryden  was  meant ;  but,  as  Faulkener 

j  was  Swift's  printer,  and  Swift  hated  Dryden,  may 

the  Dean  not  have  suggested  this  mode  ot  filling 

up  the  blank?     Certain  it  is,  that  the  original 

D n  does  not  fit  "  Dennis,"  and  that  the  whole 

line  was  altered,  and  a  long  note  added,  to  adapt 
it  to  Dennis.  The  WRITER  says  that  this  trans- 
action "  suggests  some  curious  speculations  with 
which  he  does  not  trouble  '  N.  &  Q.,'  as  they  are 
not  connected  with  the  immediate  subject  of  in- 
quiry." I  hope  that,  by  and  by,  he  will  be  so  good 
as  to  give  us  his  ideas  on  this  point ;  for  though  it 

is  possible  that "  D n"  was  an  error  of  the  press, 

and  that  Dennis  may  have  been  originally  meant, 
Malone  doubted ;  and,  certainly,  Pope's  dealings 
with  the  whole  passage  are  somewhat  puzzling.  C. 


Pope's  Quarrels.  —  The  valuable  aid  which 
"  N.  &  Q."  has  given  in  elucidating  the  literary 
and  personal  history  of  Pope,  leads  me  to  express 
a  wish,  in  which  many  share,  that  the  able  WHITER 
OF  THE  ARTICLES  IN  THE  ATHEN^DM  would  de- 
vote a  paper  to  Pope's  quarrels,  or  at  least  to 
the  most  conspicuous  of  them  —  say  the  quarrel 
with  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu.  Mr.  De 
Quincey,  in  a  Life  of  Pope  contributed  to  the. 
Ejicyclopcedia  Britannica,  says  he  had  prepared 
an  account  of  Pope's  quarrels,  in  which  he  had 
shown  that,  generally,  he  was  "not  the  aggressor  ; 
and  often  was  atrociously  ill  used  before  he  re- 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  258. 


torted."  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  this  account 
has  been  withheld  from  the  public.  With  Lady 
Mary,  Pope  was  on  friendly  terms  up  to  Septem- 
ber 15,  1721.  This  appears  from  the  published 
correspondence.  Before  1728,  the  rupture  had 
taken  place,  as  appears  from  the  couplet  in  The 
Dunciad  : 

"  Whence  hapless  Monsieur  much  complains  at  Paris, 
Of  wrongs  from  Duchesses  and  Lady  Maries." 

This  is  an  insidious  allusion  to  Lady  Mary's  gam- 
bling transactions  with  M.  Kuzemonde,  detailed  in 
Lord  WharnclifFe's  edition  of  Lady  Mary's  Works, 
and  in  Carruthers'  Life  of  Pope.  The  poet  him- 
self points  out  the  allusion  in  a  note  to  the  passage 
in  Works,  vol.  ii.,  edit.  1735  : 

"  This  passage,"  he  says,  "  was  thought  to  allude  to 
a  famous  lady,  who  cheated  a  French  wit  of  5000/.  in  the 
South-Sea  year.  But  the  author  meant  it  in  general  of 
all  bragging  travellers,  and  of  all  whores  and  cheats 
tinder  the  name  of  ladies." 

This  coarse  note  I  have  found  only  in  the  edition 
of  1735.  Now,  had  there  been  any  overt  offence 
on  the  part  of  the  witty  and  sarcastic  lady  be- 
tween 1721  and  1728  ?  Pope,  in  his  letter  to 
Lord  Hervey,  1733,  states  that  he  had  not  the 
least  misunderstanding  with  Lady  Mary  till  after 
he  was  the  author  of  his  own  misfortune  by  dis- 
continuing her  acquaintance.  The  real  question, 
however,  is,  had  Lady  Mary  published  any  sar- 
casm or  lampoon  on  Pope  before  he  made  the 
offensive  allusion  to  her  in  The  Dunciad?  Her 
famous  satire  (written  in  conjunction  with  Lord 
Hervey)  was  a  reply  to  a  subsequent  attack  in 
1733.  With  Dennis,  Pope  was  the  aggressor,  and 
also  with  Aaron  Hill.  N.  B. 


THE  LORD  CHANCELLORS  PURSE. 

It  may  not  be  an  uninteresting  Note,  to  record 
in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q."  the  various  changes 
that  have  taken  place  in  the  material  and  colour 
of  the  purse  in  which  the  Lord  Chancellor  carried 
the  Great  Seal ;  which,  till  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII., 
was  of  the  most  simple  character  ;  and  then,  under 
the  rule  of  the  "  proud  Cardinal,"  received  the 
most  ostentatious  additions. 

In  the  earlier  times,  no  purse  whatever  is  men- 
tioned ;  the  seal  being  placed  in  the  wardrobe 
when  not  in  actual  use.  The  first  allusion  to  a 
purse  is  in  1  Edw.  II.,  when  the  words  "  in  qua- 
darn  bursa  rubea"  are  used,  being  the  only  time 
during  that  reign  ;  but  as  the  seal  was  then  always 
described  as  being  kept  under  the  Seals  of  the 
Chancellor,  or  Keeper,  or  some  other  persons,  it  is 
clear  that  it  had  some  cover.  This  cover  in 
1  Edw.  III.  is  called  "in  quodam  panno  lineo;" 
followed  in  the  next  year  by  "  in  quadam  bursa." 
This  is  changed  in  1 1  Edw.  III.  to  "  in  quadam 
baga;"  and  in  the  following  year  to  "bursa 


rubea."  Two  years  afterwards,  the  linen  cover- 
ing again  appears,  "  in  quadam  pecia  tecas  lineaa." 
The  colour  is  next  altered  to  "  bursa  alba  ;"  and 
then  the  material,  "  bursa  de  corio,"  "  bursa  albi 
corei,"  "baga  de  corio."  We  then  find,  in  35 Hen. 
VI.,  that  one  of  the  three  seals  then  used  was  "  in 
baga  de  nigro  corio,"  and  the  other  two  "  in  ba- 
gis  de  albo  corio  ;"  and  three  years  afterwards  all 
the  three  bags  are  white.  So  it  went  on  till  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  in  the  seventh  year  of  which 
Cardinal  Wolsey  received  the  seal  in  "baga  de 
albo  corio:"  but  the  description  was  very  differ- 
ent when  he  gave  it  up  on  October  17,  1529. 
21  Henry  VIII. 

To  the  Cardinal's  magnificence  we  owe  the 
splendour  of  the  modern  receptacle  of  the  Great 
Seal.  Though  the  old  "baga  de  albo  corio"  was 
retained,  we  find  it  placed  "in  quadam  alia  baga 
sive  Teca  de  Veluto  crimisino  desuper  armis  et 
insigniis  Anglia3  ornata."  This  description  is 
varied  in  the  next  and  succeeding  reigns,  accord- 
ing to  the  taste  of  the  writer  of  the  record.  In 
38  Eliz.  we  have  "  in  crumenam  holosericam 
rubeam  cum  serenissime  Regina  Majestatis  in- 
signibus  segmentatam."  In  James  I.,  "  in  quen- 
dam  succulum  velvetti  rubei  insigniis  regis  deco- 
ratam  more  assueto : "  expressions  which  are 
improved  in  the  sixteenth  year  of  that  king's 
reign  to  "  alio  jam  marsupio  auro,  serico,  et  regiis 
insignibus  affabre  intexto." 

To  Cardinal  Wolsey's  love  of  processional 
pageantry  also,  we  may  probably  trace  the  modern 
practice  of  carrying  a  silver-gilt  mace  before  the 
Lord  Chancellor ;  though  it  may  be  doubtful 
whether  it  was  borne  before  Wolsey  in  that  cha- 
racter, or  solely  as  Legate  and  Cardinal. 

EDWARD  Foss. 


HIGH  CHURCH  AND  LOW  CHURCH. 

(Concluded  from  p.  262.) 

The  great  principle  of  religious  toleration  is  a 
discovery  of  very  recent  date.  Butler's  exqui- 
sitely-witty lines  on  "  The  True  Church  Militant" 
apply  as  well  to  Papists  as  Puritans,  to  High 
Church  as  well  as  Low  Church. 

The  High  Churchmen,  unfortunately,  had  re- 
course to  an  argument  which  cuts  both  ways  ; 
they  taught  their  opponents  "  the  holy  text  of 
pike  and  gun,"  and  to 

"  Decide  all  controversies  by 
Infallible  artillery ; 
And  prove  their  doctrine  orthodox 
By  apostolic  blows  and  knocks." 

By  penal  laws  and  acts  of  uniformity  they  erected 
an  "  Establishment  "  at  the  loss  of  a  Church  :  and 
by  abject  servility  to  the  State  they  gained  their 
temporalities  at  the  loss  of  spiritual  power.  They 
were  all  this  time  tying  a  halter  round  their  own 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


279 


necks ;  and,  by  a  curious  moral  retribution,  they 
eventually  found  themselves,  in  one  half  of  Great 
Britain,  hunted,  persecuted  "  Dissenters,"  utterly 
crippled  in  the  other,  and  barely  tolerated  as  a 
party  in  a  Church  they  once  called  their  own. 

The  principle  of  private  judgment,  and  the  pre- 
cedent of  separation,  being  introduced  by  the  Re- 
formers, intolerance  and  a  forced  conformity  came 
awkwardly  from  their  followers,  though  this  in- 
consistency had  the  authority  of  Luther  and 
Calvin,  &c. ;  and  the  experiment  was  especially 
hazardous  with  a  nation  allowed  to  be  about  as 
"  stiff-necked "  as  the  Israelites  of  old,  and  thus 
described  by  one  of  their  own  countrymen  : 

"  Tn  their  religion  they  are  so  uneven, 
That  each  man  goes  his  own  by-way  to  heaven : 
Tenacious  of  mistakes  to  that  degree 
That  every  man  pursues  it  separately : 
And  fancies  none  can  find  the  way  but  he. 
So  shy  of  one  another  are  they  grown, 
As  if  they  strove  to  get  to  heav'n  alone. 
Rigid  and  zealous,  positive  and  grave, 
And  every  grace  but  charity  they  have. 
This  makes  them  so  ill-natured  and  uncivil, 
That  all  men  think  an  Englishman  the  devil."  * 

All  the  Dissenters  wanted  at  first  was  toler- 
ation, and  a  free  exercise  of  their  religion  accord- 
ing to  their  conscience ;  and  most  of  them  would 
have  been  content  to  leave  the  wealth  and  power 
of  the  Establishment  to  the  Churchmen ;  but  no, 
the  latter  would  not  let  them  alone,  they  must 
conform.  As  external  conformity  was  all  they 
could  control,  they  thus  filled  the  Church  with 
secret  enemies,  the  mildest  of  whom  mocked  at 
Church  principles  as  at  best  a  conventional  farce, 
a  mere  system  of  unreality.  These  turned  the 
tables  on  their  masters  when  they  got  the  oppor- 
tunity ;  and  determined  not  to  give  up  the  tem- 
poralities of  the  Church  they  were  forced  into,  nor 
their  own  principles  neither. 

When  it  was  too  late,  the  Churchmen  began  to 
•wish  they  had  let  the  Dissenters  alone,  and  al- 
lowed them  to  stay  where  they  were.  But  now 
the  latter  not  only  would  not  go  out  themselves, 
but  threatened  to  oust  the  Churchmen,  who  soon 
had  cause  to  rue  the  violent  hurry  they  had  been 
in  to  make  the  Dissenters  conform,  and  bitterly 
regretted  that  they  had  compelled  them  to  enter 
the  Anglican  Church.  They  who  introduced  the 
principle  that  might  makes  right,  —  who  mutilated 
the  consciences,  and  forced  the  minds  and  bodies 
of  others  to  fit  in  the  procrustean  bed  of  the  Esta- 
blishment,— have  no  cause  to  complain  if  they  be 
served  according  to  the  same  measure. 

The  question  of  conformity,  especially  occasional 


*  "  The  True-Born  Englishman.  A  Satyr.  Printed  in 
the  'year  MDCCI." — P.  16.  My  copy  of  this  celebrated 
satire  of  De  Foe's  is  a  small  4to.  of  thirty-one  pages,  with 
wretched  type  and  paper. 


conformity,  was  the  great  bone  of  contention  be- 
tween the  parties  of  Queen  Anne's  reign. 

"  Dissenters  they  were  to  be  pressed 

To  go  to  common-prayer, 
And  turn  their  faces  to  the  East, 
As  God  were  only  there : 

"  Or  else  no  place  of  price  or  trust 

They  ever  could  obtain ; 
Which  shows  that  saying  very  just, 
That '  Godliness  is  gain.'  "  * 

James  Owen,  a  dissenting  minister,  published 
a  pamphlet  with  a  very  lengthy  title,  commen- 
cing— 

"  Moderation,  a  Virtue ;  or,  the  Occasional  Conformist 
justified  from  the  Imputation  of  Hypocrisy.  Wherein  is 
shown  the  Antiquity,  Catholic  Principles,  and  Advantage 
of  Occasional  Conformity  to  the  Church  of  England,  &c. 
London,  1703,  4to." 

De  Foe  replied  in  — 

"The  Sincerity  of  the  Dissenters  vindicated  from  the 
Scandal  of  Occasional  Conformity.  London,  1703,  4to." 

Leslie  attacked  both  in  another  long-named 
pamphlet  — 

"  The  Wolf  stript  of  his  Shepherd's  Clothing 

By  one  called  a  High  Churchman London,  1704, 

4to.,  pp.  108." 

To  which  De  Foe  replied  in  — 

"  The  Dissenters'  Answer  to  the  High-Church  Chal- 
lenge. London,  1704,  4to.,  pp.  55." 

The  numerous  works  published  by  De  Foe  and 
other  writers  on  this  subject,  for  obvious  reasons, 
must  be  passed  over  in  these  pages.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  give  here  even  a  summary  of  what  De  Foe 
has  written  on  party ;  the  most  we  can  do  with  a 
man  who  has  published  not  less  than  two  hundred 
and  ten  works  is  to'make  a  selection.  Accordingly, 
with  one  extract  more  from  De  Foe,  I  shall  con- 
clude this  portion  of  my  Note. 

In  the  following  passage  De  Foe  shows  how  the 
spirit  of  party  had  diffused  itself  everywhere,  and 
leavened  all  ranks  in  his  time  : 

"  The  strife  is  gotten  into  your  kitchens,  your  parlours, 
your  counting-houses,  nay,  into  your  very  beds.  The 


*  From  "The  History  and  Fall  of  the  Conformity 
Bill,"  London,  1705.  "  Being  an  excellent  new  Song, 
chanted  to  the  tune  of  Chevy  Chace."  On  the  celebrated 
bill  for  preventing  occasional  conformity  (which  passed 
the  House  of  Commons,  December  7,  1703,  but  was  re- 
jected by  the  Lords)  Swift  remarks,  in  a  letter  to  Stella, 
dated  December  16,  1703,  "  I  wish  you  had  been  here  for 
ten  days,  during  the  highest  and  warmest  reign  of  party 
and  faction  that  1  ever  knew  or  read  of,  upon  the  bill 
against  occasional  conformity,  which  two  days  ago  was 
rejected  by  the  Lords.  It  was  so  universal  that  I  ob- 
served the  dogs  in  the  streets  much  more  contumelious 
and  quarrelsome  than  usual ;  and  the  very  night  before 
the  bill  went  up,  a  committee  of  Whig  and  Tory  cats  had 
a  very  warm  and  loud  debate  upon  the  roof  of  our  house.. 
But  why  should  we  wonder  at  that,  when  the  very  Indies 
are  split  asunder  into  High  Church  and  Low,  and  out  of 
zeal  for  religion  have  hardly  time  to  say  their  prayers  ?  " 


280 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  258. 


poor  despicable  scullions  learn  to  cry  High  Church  !  No 
Dutch  kings .'  No  Hanover  !  that  they  may  do  it  dexter- 
ously when  they  come  into  the  next  mob.  Here  their 
antagonists  of  the  dripping-pan  practise  the  other-side 
clamour,  No  French  Peace!  No  Pretender!  No  Popery! 
Up  stairs  the  'prentices,  standing  some  on  one  side  of  the 
shop  and  some  on  the  other,  throw  High  Church  and  Low 
Church  at  each  other's  heads,  like  battledore  and  shuttle- 
cock; and,  instead  of  posting  their  books,  are  fighting 
and  railing  at  the  Pretender  and  the  House  of  Hanover. 
If  we  go  one  story  higher,  the  ladies,  instead  of  their  in- 
nocent sports  and  diversions,  are  falling  out  amongst  each 
other ;  the  mothers  and  the  daughters,  the  children  and 
the  servants,  nay,  even  the  little  sisters.  If  the  chamber- 
maid is  a  slattern,  and  does  not  please,  I  warrant  she  is  a 
High-Flyer  or  a  Whig :  I  never  knew  one  of  that  sort 
good  for  anything  in  my  life.  Nay,  go  up  to  your  very 
bed-chambers,  and  even  in  bed  the  man  and  wife  shall 
quarrel  about  it.  People!  people!  what  will  become  of 
you  at  this  rate  ?  "  * 

The  periodical  literature  of  Queen  Anne's  reign 
is  very  remarkable,  and  deserves  the  careful  atten- 
tion of  all  inquirers  into  the  history  of  English 
party. 

In  the  early  part  of  this  reign  the  most  remark- 
able periodicals  are,  The  Observator,  of  which  the 
first  Number  was  published  April  1,  1702,  con- 
ducted by  John  Tutchin,  a  Whig  and  Low 
Churchman.  —  The  Review,  which  commenced 
February  19,  1704,  conducted  by  De  Foe,  who 
comes  under  the  same  classification,  but,  like 
Henry  of  the  Wynd,  generally  fought  for  his 
own  band,  and  occupied  that  anomalous  position 
ascribed  by  tradition  to  Mahomet's  tomb,  and  as- 
sumed in  our  own  times  by  Dr.  Arnold.  This 
periodical  was  continued  until  May,  1713,  when 
it  was  finally  relinquished,  after  a  steady  publi- 
cation of  more  than  nine  years.  A  copy  of  the 
last  volume  of  this  work  is  not  known  to  be  in 
existence.  (See  Wilson,  vol.  iii.  p.  295.)  —  The 
remaining  periodical  of  this  period  of  any  note  is 
The  Rehearsal,  conducted  by  the  High-Church 
champion,  Charles  Leslie.  It  commenced  Aug.  2, 
1704,  and  was  discontinued  at  the  end  of  March, 
1709.  Another  writer  revived  it  shortly  after, 
but  it  soon  fell  to  the  ground.  The  Rehearsal 
was  published  in  folio,  and  was  reprinted  in  6  vols. 
12mo.  in  1750. 

In  the  succeeding  reign  also  the  most  remark- 
able party  periodicals  are  three  in  number,  The 
Scourge,  The  Entertainer,  and  The  Independent 
Whig. 

The  Scourge,  in  vindication  of  tbe  Church  of 
England,  was  edited  by  Thomas  Lewis,  and  con- 
tains forty-three  Numbers,  8vo.,  commencing 
with  February  4,  1717,  and  ending  Novem- 
ber 25,  1717.  It  was  reprinted  in  a  handsome 
8vo.  vol.  in  1720,  with  a  rubricated  title-page 
and  a  frontispiece,  containing  in  five  medallion 

*  From  De  Foe's  ironical  Reasons  against  the  Succession 

of  the  House  of  Hanover "Si  Populus  vult  decipi 

decipiatur:"  London,  1713,  pp.  45. 


portraits  the  royal  family  of  the  Stuarts.  The 
title  runs  thus  : 

"  The  Scourge :  in  Vindication  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land. To  which  are  added,  1.  The  Danger  of  the  Church 
Establishment  of  England,  from  the  Insolence  of  Pro- 
testant Dissenters,  occasioned  by  a  Presentment  of  the 
Forty-second  Paper  of  the  Scourge  at  the  King's  Bench 
Bar,  by  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  Hundred  of  Ossulston. 
2.  The  Anatomy  of  the  Heretical  Synod  of  Dissenters  at 
Salters'  Hall.  By  T.  L. :  London,  printed  in  the  year 
M.DCCXX.  Price  six  shillings,  pp.  384." 

The  latter  tract  has  a  curious  frontispiece  prefixed, 
representing  the  Synod. 

The  next  on  our  list  is  — 

"  The  Entertainer  :  containing  Eemarks  upon  Men, 
Manners,  Religion,  and  Policy  ;  to  which  is  prefixt  a 

Dedication  to  the  most  famous  University  of  Oxford 

London,  printed  by  N.  Mist." 

It  contains  forty- three  Numbers,  from  November 
6,  1717,  to  August  27,  1718  ;  pp.  307,  12mo. 

The  Independent  Whig  I  shall  notice  more  par- 
ticularly. It  contains  fifty-four  Numbers,  from 
January  20,  1720,  to  January  18,  1721.  In  the 
preface  to  the  last  edition  the  editor  says  : 

"  To  gratify  the  usual  curiosity  of  readers  I  have,  at 
the  end  of  each  paper,  ptjt  the  initial  letter  of  the  name  of 
the  gentleman  who  wrote  it.  As  there  were  only  three 
gentlemen  concerned  in  the  undertaking,  and  as  their 
names  are  well  known,  it  will  be  easy  to  distinguish  them 
by  this  mark." 

The  initials  appended  are  G.,  T.,  and  C.  The  first 
stands  for  Thomas  Gordon ;  the  second  for  John 
Trenchard  :  for  the  third  initial  I  must  make  a 
Query. 

The  last  edition  (the  eighth)  was  issued  in 
4  vols.  12mo.  in  1752  ;  but  the  original  periodical 
ends  at  p.  173.  of  the  2nd  vol.  The  editor,  Thomas 
Gordon,  has  added  the  remaining  pages  himself. 
The  title  of  the  1st  vol.  is  — 

"  The  Independent  Whig ;  or,  a  Defence  of  Primitive 
Christianity,  and  of  our  Ecclesiastical  Establishment, 
against  the  exorbitant  Claims  and  Encroachments  of 
Fanatical  and  Disaffected  Clergymen.  By  Thomas  Gor- 
don, Esq.  The  eighth  edition,  with  additions  and  amend- 
ments, in  4  vols. :  London,  1753." 

The  2nd  vol.  has  the  same  title  :  the  3rd  the 
same,  except  that  it  is  "the  third  edition."  The 
4th  is  entitled  — 

"  The  Independent  Whig :  being  a  Collection  of  Papers, 
all  written,  some  of  them  published,  during  the  lato  Re- 
bellion. The  second  edition." 

After  a  scurrilous  dedication  follows  "  A  Letter 
to  the  Publisher,"  full  of  rancour  against  the 
famous  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  Dr.  Wilson, 
with  that  prelate's  "  Bull  against  The  Independent 
Whig,"  and  extolling  that  "honest  and  brave  ma- 
gistrate, the  Governor  of  Man,  Capt.  Home,"  for 
his  conduct  in  the  affair. 

The  titles  of  some  of  the  papers  may  serve  to 
give  some  idea  of  this  work  : 

"  7.  Of  Uninterrupted  Succession.  1 2.  The  Enmity  of 
the  High  Clergy  to  the  Reformation,  and  their  Arts  to 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


281 


defeat  the  end  of  it.  13,  14.  The  Church  proved  a  Crea- 
ture of  the  Civil  Power  by  Acts  of  Parliament  and  the 
Oaths  of  the  Clergy,  by  the  Canons,  and  their  own  public 
Acts.  15.  The  Absurdity  and  Impossibility  of  Church 
Power,  as  independent  on  the  State.  1C.  The  Incon- 
sistency of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  the  High 
Church.  17.  Reasons  why  the  High  Church  are  the 
most  wicked  of  all  Men.  19.  Ecclesiastical  Authority, 
as  claimed  by  the  High  Clergy,  an  Enemy  to  Religion. 
21.  A  Comp'arison  between  the  High  Church  and  the 
Quakers.  33.  The  Ignorance  of  the  High  Church  vul- 
gar, and  its  Causes.  37.  The  Enmity  of  the  High  Clergy 
to  the  Bible.  42—46.  Of  High-Church  Atheism.  51.  Of 
the  three  High  Churches  in  England." 

In  the  Index  to  the  1st  vol.  we  have  — 

"  High-Church  priests subscribe  the  Articles 

without  believing  them,  and  abuse  those  that  do.  Mis- 
lead those  that  follow  them,  and  curse  those  that  leave 
them.  Allow  us  to  read  the  Bible,  but  not  to  make  use 

of  it Damn  all  the  world,  without  taking  one  step 

to  convert  it."  "Low  Churchmen  the  best  and  only 
friends  of  the  Church;  High  Churchmen  its  bitterest 
enemies." 

No.  51.  is  a  curious  paper  on  "The  three  High 
Churches  in  England  :" 

"The  High-Churches,  which  differ  from  this  Establish- 
ment, are  three  in  number  :  1.  Dr.  Bumjey's  *  High 
Church  ;  2.  Mr.  Lesley's  High  Church :  and  3.  Dr.  Brett's 
High  Church." 

With  one  quotation  more  I  shall  leave  this  viru- 
lent publication  : 

"  A  High  Cliurchman  may  be  denominated  from  divers 
marks  and  exclamations.  He  must  be  devout  in  damning 
of  Dissenters  ;  he  must  roar  furiously  for  the  Church  and 
its  great  modern  apostle,  the  late  Duke  of  Ormond,  with 
some  other  pious  and  forsworn  gentlemen,  who  are  well 
affected  to  the  Pretender  and  the  Convocation ;  he  must 
rebel  for  passive  obedience;  he  must  uphold  divine  right  by 
diabolical  means ;  and  he  must  be  loud  and  zeahms  for 
hereditary,  indefeasible,  and  the  like  orthodox  nonsense. 
But-there  is  one  sign  more  of  a  true  Churchman,  which  is 
more  listing  and  universal  than  all  the  rest,  and  that  is  a 
firm  and  senseless  persuasion  that  the  Church  is  in  danger.^ 
If  a  man  believe  this  it  is  enough,  his  reputation  is  raised ; 
and  though  his  life  show  more  of  the  demon  than  the 
Christian,  he  shall  be  deemed  an  excellent  Churchman. 
This  is  so  true,  that  if  an  honest  atheistical  Churchmrm 
will  but  curse  and  roar  against  a  toleration  of  Dissenters, 
he  shall  be  sure  to  find  a  toleration  himself  for  the  blackest 
iniquities,  be  rewarded  with  reputation,  and,  if  possible, 

•with  power Now  for  the  Low  Church  clergv."t_ 

Yol.  iii.  pp.  157 — 163. 

In  Sir  Walter  Scott's  edition  of  the  Sowers 
Tracts,  vol.  xii.  p.  320.,  occurs  a  doggrel  of  six- 
and-twenty  lines,  entitled  "  High- Church  Mira- 


*  A  name  for  Dr.  Sacheverell. 

t  De  Foe  calls  this  "  the  motto  "  of  the  Church  party. 
(See  a  curious  passage  in  The  Review,  ii.  230.) 

J  As  we  have  not  room  for  the  long  passage  which  fol- 
lows, it  must  suffice  to  say  that  they  are  represented  as 
the  personifications  of  persecuted  piety,  suffering  gentle- 
ness, and  injured  innocence. 


cles,  or  Modern  Inconsistencies,  printed  in  the 
year  1710."  It  commences  thus  : 

"  That  High  Church  have  a  right  divine  from  Jove, 
By  signs  and  wonders  they  pretend  to  prove. 
They  can  a  mortal  soul  immortal  make ; 
They  can  by  prayers  our  Constitution  shake." 

And  ends  with  the  lines,  — 

"  But  I  defy  themselves  and  all  their  devils 
To  wash  the  yEthiop  white,  and  purge  High  Church 
from  evils." 

In  the  same  volume  see  "A  High  Church  or  Tory 
Address,"  "  A  Low  Church  or  Whig  Address," 
"  A  Satire  upon  the  Addresses  of  the  High- 
Church  Party." 

To  illustrate  what  I  said  in  a  former  Note, 
about  the  various  parallels  drawn  by  Anglican 
writers  between  Popery  and  Puritanism,  Jesuits 
and  Presbyterians,  &c.,  would  be  an  endless  task  ; 
but  I  cannot  refrain  from  referring  to  Hudibras, 
Part  i.  c.  iii.  1.  1201.,  with  the  notes  of  Dr.  Grey  ; 
and  to  the  "  huge  personal  resemblance  "  between 
Jack  and  Peter,  as  set  forth  in  Swift's  Tale  of  a 
Tub. 

In  conclusion  I  shall  feel  obliged  for  inform- 
ation respecting  a  pamphlet,  entitled  The  Distinc- 
tion between  High  and  Low  Church  considered* 
Dr.  Hancock's  reply  to  it  I  have  already  noticed. 

JAELTZBEBG. 

March  6, 1854. 

P.  S.  —  Since  writing  my  last  Note  I  have  met 
with  a  reprint  of  Dr.  Turner's  — 

"  Hunting  and  Fyndyng  out  of  the  Romish  Fox  .... 
Amended  and  curtailed ;  with  a  short  Account  of  the 
Author  prefixed.  By  Robert  Potts,  M.A.,  Cambridge, 
1851,  London,  J.  W.  Parker,  pp.  40,  8vo." 

One  reason  of  the  popularity  of  the  simile  of 
Foxes  and  Firebrands  with  old  writers  was,  per- 
haps, that  it  contained  a  classical  as  well  as  Scrip- 
tural allusion.  Ovid  thus  relates  the  strange 
custom  of  tying  firebrands  to  the  tails  of  foxes, 
which  prevailed  among  the  early  Romans  : 

"  Whylome  Fox  was  catch'd  within  his  hole, 
A  fox  that  often  had  their  poultry  stole : 
On  Renard's  back,  and  fast  to  either  side, 
Of  hay  and  straw  they  little  bundles  tyed : 
Then  did  thereon  some  lighted  matches  lay, 
And  let  the  burning  creature  scour  away. 
Through  the  cornfields  swift  flew  the  wafted  flame 
Which  bore  destruction  wheresoe'er  it  came. 


[*  We  can  supply  the  title,  but  not  the  authorship,  of 
this  pamphlet :  — "The  Distinction  of  High  Church  and 
Low  Church  distinctly  considered  and  fairly  stated.  With 
some  Reflections  upon  the  Popular  Plea  of  Moderation, 
humbly  offered  (as  a  word  in  season)  to  the  consideration 
of  the  ensuing  Parliament  and  Convocation.  The  second 
edition  reviewed,  and  made  more  perfect  and  correct.^ 
With  a  Short  Reply  to  a  late  Answer,  called  '  The  Low* 
Churchman  Vindicated,'  &c.  London,  printed  for  Samuel 
Manship,  at  the  Ship,  near  the  Royal  Exchange,  Coruhill, 
1705,  pp.  91."— ED.] 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  258. 


This  ancient  fact  we  ev'ry  year  revive, 
And  custom's  law  forbids  the  fox  to  live. 
This  feast  demands  we  should  that  law  fulfil, 
And  as  one  perish'd,  so  they  perish  still."  * 

The  festival  of  April  18  was  denominated  Vul- 
pium  Combiistio  (the  Firing  of  the  Foxes)  in  the 
old  Koman  calendar,  from  this  custom. 

As  I  alluded,  in  my  Note  on  Party  Similes,  to 
the  Porridge  Controversy,  I  now  give  the  titles  of 
a  number  of  pamphlets  on  the  subject : 

"  Messe  of  Pottage,  very  well  seasoned  and  crumbed 
with  Bread  of  Life,  and  easie  to  be  digested,  against  the 
contumelious  Slanderers  of  the  Divine  Service.  A  Pottage, 
set  forth  by  Gyles  Calfine.  London,  1642,  4to." 

"  Answer  to'lame  Giles  Calfine's  Messe  of  Pottage,  prov- 
ing that  the  Service  Booke  is  no  better  than  Pottage,  in 
comparison  of  divers  Weeds  which  are  chopt  into  it  to 
poyson  the  taste  of  the  Children  of  Grace,  by  the  Advice 
of  the  Whore  of  Babylon's  Instruments  and  Cooks.  Lon- 
don, 1642,  4tp." 

"  Answer,  in  Defence  of  a  Messe  of  Pottage,  well  seasoned 
and  crumbd,  against  the  last,  which  falsely  says  the 
Common  Prayers  are  unlawful!,  and  no  better  than  the 
Pope's  Porrage.  London,  1642,  4to." 

"  Fresh  Bit  of  Mutton  for  those  fleshly-minded  Canni- 
bals that  cannot  endure  Pottage ;  or,  a  Defence  of  Giles 
Calfine's  Messe  of  Pottage,  against  the  idle  yet  insolent 
exceptions  of  his  monstrous  Adversary.  London,  1642, 


SOCTHET   AND   VOLTAIRE. 

In  the  life  of  D'Alembert  which  I  contributed 
to  the  Biographical  Dictionary  of  the  Useful 
Knowledge  Society,  I  corrected,  and  so  far  as  I 
knew  for  the  first  time,  the  statement  that  D'Alem- 
bert and  Voltaire,  in  their  celebrated  phrase 
"  ecrasez  1'infame,"  intended  the  epithet  to  apply 
to  Jesus  Christ.  I  find,  however,  that  this'singular 
and  unworthy  distortion  of  an  opponent's  meaning 
had  already  been  noticed  by  Southey  as  follows  : 

"  Is  it  not  probable,  or  rather  can  any  person  doubt, 
that  the  icrasez  Vinfdme,  upon  which  so  horrible  a  charge 
against  him  [Voltaire]  has  been  raised,  refers  to  the 
Church  of  Rome,  under  this  well-known  designation? 
No  man  can  hold  the  principles  of  Voltaire  in  stronger 
abhorrence  than  I  do,  but  it  is  an  act  of  justice  to  excul- 
pate him  from  this  monstrous  accusation." —  Poet's  Pil- 
grimage, note  22. 

Southey,  who  no  doubt  had  formerly  read  the 
correspondence  between  Voltaire  and  D'Alem- 
bert, expresses  the  opinion  which  the  perusal  had 
left  on  his  mind,  and  forgets  the  evidence  on 
•which  it  was  founded  ;  whence  it  happens  that  his 
words  seem  to  imply  little  more  than  that  the 
monstrous  character  of  the  imputed  meaning  is  to 
him  reason  enough  for  rejecting  it.  It  is  a  pity 

*  From  an  old  translation  quoted  in  Foster's  Perennial 
Calendar. 

"  Cur  igitur  missae  vinctis  ardentia  ttzdis 
T erga  ferant  Vulpes,  causa  docenda  mihi,"  &c. 

Fast.,  lib.  iv.  681. 


that  he  did  not  quote  the  passage  in  which  the 
words  occur  for  the  first  time  : 

"  Je  voudrais  que  vous  ecrasassiez  1'infame ;  c'est  Ik  le 
grand  point.  II  faut  la  reduire  h  1'etat  oil  elle  est  en 
Angleterre.  .  .  .  Vous  pensez  bien  que  je  ne  parle 
que  de  la  superstition,  car  pour  la  religion,  je  1'aime  et  la 
respecte  comme  vous." 

Consequently,  infame  is  a  feminine  noun,  the 
name  of  something  existing  in  one  state  in  France 
and  in  another  state  in  England ;  but  so  that  it 
would  be  ecrasee  in  France  by  reduction  to  the 
same  state  as  in  England.  D'Alembert,  in  his 
replies,  also  uses  the  feminine  article.  Perhaps 
some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  discover  who 
first  attributed  the  offensive  meaning.  Whoever 
he  was,  a  long  string  of  writers,  down  to  this  very- 
time,  have  copied  him.  Perhaps  also  others,  be- 
sides Southey,  may  have  been  more  just. 

A  most  amusing  book  might  be  written  upon 
the  meanings  which  controversialists  have  imputed 
to  their  opponents.  In  the  life  alluded  to  I  spoke 
of  the  present  generation  of  Englishmen  (Church- 
men and  Dissenters  both)  as . "  those  who  know 
the  stake  and  the  wheel  only  as  matters  of  history, 
and  whose  worst  ecclesiastical  grievance  of  the 
legal  kind  is  a  three-and-sixpenny  church  rate.'* 
For  thinking  that  to  have  to  pay  3s.  6d.  for  the 
repair  of  the  church,  is  to  any  one,  whether  in  the 
pale  or  out,  not  nearly  so  bad  as  being  burned 
alive,  or  having  one's  bones  broken,  a  theological 
review  represented  me  as  defending  the  imposition 
of  the  tax  upon  Dissenters  ;  and  after  rating  me 
for  expressing  such  an  opinion,  proceeded  very 
gravely  to  give  reasons  why  no  such  thing  ought 
to  be ;  and  good  reasons  too,  which  made  the  joke 
still  better.  A.  DE  MORGAN. 


CORNWALL   FAMILY,   THEIR   MONUMENTS,    ETC. 

Seeing  an  account  of  the  arms  of  Richard,  King 
of  the  Romans,  Vol.  viii.,  p.  265.,  and  also  an  in- 
scription, Vol.  viii.,  p.  268.,  to  the  memory  of 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of 
Lancaster,  and  wife  of  Sir  John  Cornwall,  in 
Burford  Church,  near  Tenbury,  some  farther  in- 
scriptions therein,  and  additional  particulars  of 
this  ancient  and  once  celebrated  family,  may  not 
be  uninteresting  to  many  of  your  readers,  more 
particularly  to  your  correspondents  MR.  HARDY 
and  A  SALOPIAN.  The  parish  church  of  Burford, 
which  is  in  the  county  of  Salop,  appears  to  have 
been  the  mausoleum  of  the  Cornwalls  for  many 
generations,  indeed  long  before  the  date  of  any 
existing  memorial.  Under  a  pointed  arch  in  the 
chancel  is  a  small  elegant  figure  of  Elizabeth  of 
Lancaster  in  long  hair,  adorned  with  a  coronet  of 
oak  leaves  and  pearls  intermixed,  a  purple  mantle 
guarded  with  ermine,  close  sleeves  buttoned  and 
bordered,  neck  band,  studded  belt  of  roses  and 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


squares ;  under  her  head  two  cushions  supported 
by  angels ;  a  dog  at  her  right  foot.  The  inscrip- 
tion above  referred  to,  with  others  to  the  family 
of  Cornwall,  having  been  partially  obliterated 
from  the  dampness  of  the  church,  were  renewed 
in  1791  under  the  direction  of  the  then  resident 
clergyman,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ingram,  at  the  cost  of 
the  Right  Rev.  Folliott  Herbert  Walker  Corn- 
wall, of  Diddlebury,  co.  Salop,  at  that  time  Canon 
of  Windsor,  but  afterwards  Bishop  of  Worcester. 
The  original  inscription,  in  black  letter,  ran  thus : 

"  Here  lyeth  the  bodie  of  the  noble  princess  daughter 
of  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster,  own  sister  to  King 
Henry  IV. ;  wife  of  John  Holland,  Earl  of  Huntingdon 
and  Duke  of  Exeter,  after  married  to  Sir  John  Corne- 
wayll,  Knight  of  the  Garter,  and  Lord  Fanhope.  She 
died  in  the  fourth  year  of  Henry  VI.,  A.D.  MCCCCXXVI." 

The  first  husband  of  this  Princess  Elizabeth 
was  John  Holland,  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  and  Duke 
of  Exeter,  and  half  brother  to  Richard  II.  He 
was  attainted  and  beheaded  in  the  first  year  of 
Henry  IV.  for  plotting  the  death  of  that  prince. 
Her  second  husband,  Sir  John  Cornwall  (grand- 
son of  Richard  de  Cornubia,  a  natural  son  of 
Richard,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  second  son  of  John, 
King  of  England,  and  brother  to  Henry  III.),  was 
born  at  sea,  in  Mount's  Bay.  He  was  at  the 
battle  of  Agincourt,  and  took  Lewis  de  Bourbon, 
Count  of  Vendome,  prisoner,  for  which  service  he 
•was  created  Baron  Fanhope  and  Millbrooke  by 
Henry  VI.  He  died  in  1443,  at  Ampthill,  co. 
Bedford,  and  was  buried  in  the  chapel  of  the 
Blessed  Virgin,  founded  by  himself,  in  the  church- 
yard of  the  Black  Friars  in  London. 

Within  the  communion  rails,  against  the  north 
•wall,  is  a  pair  of  folding  doors,  on  which  are 
painted  the  figures  of  saints,  coats  of  arms,  &c., 
and  on  the  panels  of  the  interior  are  represented 
the  likenesses  of  three  members  of  the  Cornwall 
family ;  at  the  feet  of  one  of  them  is  inscribed  the 
artist's  name : 

"MELCHIOR  SALABOSS 
Fecit.  An.  Din.  1588." 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  point  out  where 
any  particulars  of  this  artist  are  to  be  found  ? 

At  the  feet  of  the  above  is  also  a  painting  of  a 
corpse  in  a  shroud,  measuring  seven  feet  eight 
Inches  long,  which  is  supposed  to  represent  Ed- 
mund Cornwall,  more  familiarly  known  in  the 
district  as  the  "  strong  baron,"  and  of  whom  from 
Ms  extraordinary  stature  and  strong  muscular 
powers,  many  strange  tales  are  still  related  by 
tradition  in  the  surrounding  neighbourhood.  He 
appears  to  have  been  equally  eminent  for  his  in- 
tellectual qualities  and  the  virtues  of  his  heart, 
for  Habingdon,  the  Worcestershire  antiquary,  who 
was  intimately  acquainted  with  him,  speaks  of  him 
thus  : 

"  He  was  in  mynd  an  eniperour,  from  whom  he  de- 
scended, in  wytt  and  style  so  rare,  to  compryse  in  fewe 


lynes,  and  that  clearely,  suche  store  of  matter,  as  I  scarce 
sawe  any  to  equall  hym.  Hee  was  mightye  of  body,  but 
very  comely,  and  excelled  in  strengthe  all  men  of  his 
age.  For  his  owne  delyght  hee  had  a  dayntye  tuche  on 
the  lute ;  and  of  so  sweete  haxmonye  in  his  nature,  as,  yf 
ever  he  offended  any,  weare  he  neaver  so  poore,  he  was 
not  frynde  with  hymsealfe  tyll  hee  was  frynd  with  hym 
agayne.  He  led  a  single  lyfe,  and,  before  his  streangthe 
decayde,  entred  the  gate  of"  death." 

This  Edmund  Cornwall  died  in  the  year  1585, 
aged  fifty.  He  served  the  office  of  high  sheriff 
for  the  county  of  Salop  in  the  year  1580. 

On  a  pillar  above  the  figure  are  the  following 
lines  in  gilt  black  letter : 

"  For  as  you  are  so  once  was  I, 
And  as  I  am  so  shall  you  be ; 
Although  that  ye  be  fair  and  young, 
Wise,  wealthy,  hardy,  stout  and  strong." 

There  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  a  Rev. 
Mr.  Wood,  of  Tenbury,  a  walking  stick  or  staff, 
said  to  have  belonged  and  been  used  by  this  cele- 
brated baron,  a  description  of  which  is  as  follows : 

"  It  is  five  feet  long ;  the  head,  which  is  of  iron,  con- 
tinues about  two  feet  down  the  four  sides,  which  is  square 
for  that  length ;  the  remaining  part  is  round,  and  the 
bottom  is  shod  with  iron.  It  bears  his  initials,  and  the 
head  is  inscribed  'In  my  defence,  God!  me  defend.'  On 
one  side  of  the  staff  is  a  flat  hook,  as  if  for  the  purpose 
of  being  attached  to  his  girdle.  Its  weight  was  eight 
pounds." 

Can  any  of  your  numerous  correspondents  state 
in  whose  possession  this  extraordinary  piece  of 
human  furniture  now  is  ? 

The  wooden  tomb  noticed  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  62., 
now  standing  in  the  centre  of  the  chancel,  was 
originally  placed  in  the  Baron  of  Burford's  pew,  and 
had  on  it  the  following  inscription,  which,  on  ac- 
count of  its  being  obliterated  and  lost,  appears  not 
to  have  been  renewed  in  1791;  but  the  present 
Vicar  of  Dilwyn,  co.  Hereford,  has  kindly  handed 
me  the  inscription  which  was  copied  into  the 
register  book  of  the  parish  of  Dilwyn,  between 
the  years  1651  and  1698,  by  the  then  vicar: 

"  Here  lyeth  the  bodye  of  Edmonde  Cornewayle,  sonne 
and  heire  aparante  of  Sr  Thomas  Cornewayle,  of  Burford, 
Knt,  which  Edmond  dyed  in  the  year  of  his  age  20,  and 
iu  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  MDIII." 

This  tomb  has  been  attributed  to  other  members 
of  this  family,  but  the  inscription  thus  preserved 
in  so  curious  a  manner  appears  to  set  the  matter 
at  rest ;  his  father,  Sir  Thomas  Cornwall,  was 
High  Sheriff  of  Shropshire  in  1506,  and  assisted 
as  a  knight-bachelor  at  the  funeral  of  Arthur, 
Prince  of  Wales,  in  1502.  He  was  at  the  siege  of 
Tournay,  where  he  was  created  a  banneret  by 
Henry  VIII.  He  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir 
Richard  Corbet,  of  Morton  Corbet,  co.  Salop, 
which  Anne  died  A.D.  1548,  aged  seventy-eight. 

In  connexion  with  this  family  there  is  an  in- 
scription on  a  painting  of  Henry  IV.  still  in  ex- 
istence at  the  beautiful  residence  of  the  present 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  258. 


Earl  of  Essex,  at  Cassiobury,  in  the  co.  of  Herts, 
which  was  pronounced  by  Walpole  as  "  an  un- 
doubted original :  " 

" The  King  "  (Henry  IV.)  "having  laid  the  first  stone 
of  the  mansion  of  Hampton  Court,  in  Herefordshire,  left 
this  picture  there  when  he  gave  the  estate  to  Lenthall,  who 
sold  it  to  Cornwall  of  Burford,  who  again  disposed  of  it 
to  the  ancestors  of  the  Lord  Coningsby,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  V." 

The  Cornwalls  at  one  period  appear  to  have 
possessed  very  considerable  estates  in  the  counties 
of  Salop,  Hereford,  and  Worcester ;  the  family  seat 
for  many  generations  was  at  Burford,  of  which 
there  is  no  remains  left ;  the  modern  mansion, 
with  the  beautiful  rows  of  elm-trees  in  front,  is 
the  residence  of  Captain  George  Rushout,  M.P. 
for  East  Worcestershire. 

There  are  many  other  monuments  worthy  of 
notice,  ancient  as  well  as  modern ;  but  my  paper 
is  already  of  considerable  length  ;  I  will  therefore 
conclude.  J.  B.  WHITBORNE. 

Leamington. 


A    REMARKABLE    AND    AUTHENTIC    PROPHECY. 

The  public  journals  having  lately  announced 
the  religious  exactness  with  which  the  Emperor 
of  the  French,  Napoleon  III.,  is  dispensing  the  be- 
quests of  Napoleon  I.  to  his  old  soldiers,  and  other 
legatees,  this  seems  a  suitable  occasion  for  record- 
ing in  "  N.  &  Q."  a  passage  which  I  met  with 
lately,  containing  a  prophecy  which,  standing 
above  all  suspicion  of  having  been  made  for  the 
occasion,  appears  to  me  to  be  perhaps  as  singular 
a  coincidence  of  anticipation  with  event,  as  history 
furnishes. 

The  London  Magazine  for  January  1823,  in 
the  "  Abstract  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Occur- 
rences," records  the  death  of  Letitia  Bonaparte, 
commonly  called  "Madame  Mere,"  with  the  re- 
mark that  — 

"  Her  last  words  were  singular,  and,  as  it  is  nut  impossible 
that  tliey  may  one  day  turn  out  prophetic,  we  give  them  a 
place  in  our  record  for  more  purposes  than  mere  amusement" 

The  narrative  then  goes  on  to  state  that  the 
evening  before  her  death  she  called  together  her 
household,  and,  one  after  another,  gave  them  her 
hand  to  kiss  ;  and  among  the  rest  — 

"  To  Maria  Belgrade,  her  waiting  maid,  she  said :  '  Go 
to  Jerome,  he  will  take  care  of  thee ;  when  my  grandson  is 
Emperor  of  France,  he  will  make  thee  a  great  woman.'  " 

She  th'jn  called  Colonel  Darley  to  her  bedside. 
He  had  attended  her  in  all  her  fortunes,  and  in 
Napoleon's  will  was  assigned  to  have  a  donation 
of  14,000?. : 

" '  You,'  said  she, '  have  been  a  good  friend  to  me  and 
•my  family.  I  have  left  you  what  will  make  you  happy. 
Never  forget  my  grandson.  And  what  he  and  you  may 
arrive  at,  is  beyond  my  discerning — but  you  wi'll  both  be 
great.'  " 


When  she  had  dismissed  her  servants,  she  then 
declared  that  she  had  done  with  this  world,  and 
demanded  some  water,  in  which  she  washed  her 
hands : 

"  Her  attendants  found  her  dead,  with  her  hand  under 
her  head,  and  a  prayer-book  on  her  breast." 

So  far  a  narrative  to  which  events  have  given  a 
character  of  mysterious  significance.  It  would  be 
desirable  to  ascertain  if  any  of  the  parties  indi- 
cated in  it,  besides  Napoleon  III.,  still  survive ; 
and  one  would  like  to  know  if  their  faith  in  the 
prediction  stood  the  shocks  of  the  last  thirty 
years :  for  Louis  Napoleon  himself,  it  is  well 
known  that,  through  all  the  improbabilities  of  the 
case — through  the  ludicrous  failure  at  Boulogne  — 
the  desperate  attempt  at  Strasburg  —  and  the 
dreary  captivity  of  Ham — he  always  held,  and 
avowed  his  own  belief,  that  he  had  a  yet  unful- 
filled mission  to  accomplish.  A.  B.  IL 
Belmont. 


The  Crimea. — -The  -extreme  importance  of  pass- 
ing events  must  be  my  apology  for  requesting 
the  insertion  of  the  following  short  notes,  the  due 
application  of  which  may  be  made  without  the 
aid  of  comment :  — 

(1.)  "Unedes  plus  grandes  fautes  qu'aient  commises 
la  France  et  1'Europe  a  etc  de  permettre  &  la  Eussie 
d'approcher  de  Constantinople." — Charles  MAGNIN,  1831. 

(2.)  "  II  est  trfes-rare  de  nos  jours  qu'il  soit  avantageux 
de  se  retrancher.  —  Quand  on  se  retranche,  ce  n'est  que 
sur  quelques  points  de  sa  ligne ;  souvent  1'on  n'a  eu  le 
terns  que  d'ebaucher  les  retranchemens,  et  ils  ne  sont 
susceptibles  d'aucune  resistance  notable.  Mais  que  cela 
soit  ainsi  oa  autrement,  ils  peuvent  toujonrs  etre  tourne"s 
de  pres  ou  de  loin,  et  1'on  se  voit  alors  force  de  les  aban- 
donner.  Souvent  on  le  fait  trop  tard — et  ordinairement 
avec  precipitation. — Quoi  qu'il  en  soit,  toutes  les  fois  que 
1'on  abandonne  de  la  sorte  des  retranchemens,  il  doit  en 
risulter  un  fdcheux  effet  sur  le  moral  du  soldat." — Le 
marquis  DE  CHAMBRAY,  1823. 

(3.)  "  II  est  tres-rare  qu'on  vienne  a  1'arme  blanche. 
Si  un  bataillon  en  charge  un  autre  qui  soit  en  position,  et 
que  ce  dernier  ne  commence  le  feu  qu'a  petite  portee  et 
fasse  bonne  contenance,  il  est  probable  que  le  premier 
perdra  beaucoup  de  monde  et  fuira ;  mais  si,  au  contraire, 
celui  qui  est  en  position  commence  le  feu  trop  tot,  et  que 
le  bataillon  qui  le  charge  continue  a  marcher  avec  reso- 
lution, ce  sera  celui  qui  est  en  position  qui  fuira."  —  Le 
marquis  DE  CHAMBRAY,  1823. 

The  first  note  is  transcribed  from  the  Causeries 
et  meditations  historiques  et  litteraires  ;  the  second 
and  third  notes,  from  the  Histoire  de  Vexpe'Htion 
de  Russie.  BOLTOX  COSNEY. 

Errors  in  Dates  of  Post- Office  Stamps.  — Have 
any  of  your  correspondents  ever  noticed  the  curi- 
ous mistake  of  placing  a  wrong  figure  in  the  stamp 
of  the  Post  Office  ?  I  inclose  two  examples, 
which  I  received  myself,  each  "  Se.  56,  1854,"  for 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


"  Se.  26,  1854,"  and  which,  as  I  consider  them  a 
literary  curiosity,  I  have  pasted  on  a  card,  and 
intend  to  preserve  them.  How  many  more  be- 
sides myself  have  got  this  addition  to  the  days  of 
the  month  ?  or  what  will  be  made  of  it  in  a  cen- 
tury or  two  hence,  should  any  of  the  envelopes  or 
impressions  be  then  in  existence  and  noticed  ? 

R.  H. 
Dublin. 

"  The  Poor  Voters  Song"  —  There  was  a  lyric 
in  The  Times  (I  think  about  twenty  years  ago) 
under  this  title,  which  would  be  well  worth  re- 
printing. It  began : 

"  They  knew  that  I  was  poor, 
And  they  thought  that  I  was  base." 

Pegrime  Manintree  —  Matthew  Hopkins.  —  In 
an  ancient  parish  register  belonging  to  the  parish 
of  Midley-cum-Manningtree,  commencing  in  1559, 
is  the  following  entry  : 

"  George  Pegrime  (old  George  Pegrime  Manintree),  by 
whose  labour  and  art  the  chapel  there  was  built  and  de- 
dicated to  God  and  King  James,  was  buried  at  Mistley, 
Feb.  25th,  1642." 

It  is  well  known  that  King  James  stood  high  in 
the  estimation  of  clergymen  at  this  period,  one 
of  that  monarch's  favourite  maxims  being  "  No 
bishops,  no  king." 

In  the  same  register  is  the  following  entry  : 

"  Matthew  Hopkins,  son  of  Mr.  James  Hopkins,  Mi- 
nister of  Wenham,  was  buried  at  Mistley,  August  12th, 
1647." 

There  is  reason  to  believe  that  this  was  the  noted 
Matthew  Hopkins,  witchfinder-general  to  the  as- 
sociated counties,  who  has  frequently  been  men- 
tioned by  various  writers.  Sir  Walter  Scott 

says  : 

"  He  was  perhaps  a  native  of  Manningtree  in  Essex ;  at 
any  rate  he  resided  there  in  the  year  1644,  when  an  epi- 
demic cry  of  witchcraft  arose  in  that  town. " 

The  same  authority  adds  that  — 

"  Hopkins  carried  on  proceedings  under  pretence  of 
witchcraft  for  three  or  four  years  previous  to  1G47,  but 
that  his  tone  became  lowered,  and  he  began  to  disavow 
some  of  the  cruelties  he  had  formerly  practised." 

It  is  not  known  that  any  writer  has  made  any 
mention  of  Hopkins  after  1647.  The  inference 
therefore  is,  that  the  particulars  in  the  register 
refer  to  him.  If  so,  Hopkins  was  the  son  of  a 
clergyman.  G.  BLENCOWE. 

Pulpit  Pun.  —  It  is  not  a  hundred  years  since 
a  mixed  congregation  assembled  in  Chapel  Aller- 
ton  chapel,  chiefly  to  witness  the  so-called  "  con- 
verting "  and  cleansing  a  number  of  ungodly  ves- 
sels. 'The  ceremony  over,  one  pious  old  dame 
offered  up  a  prayer  for  the  "  young  lambs  of  the 
flock :"  another  "lad  in  black,"  not  to  be  outdone 


by  Sister  Walton,  responded,  and  blandly  asked 
who  was  to  pray  for  the  "  old  ewes."  This  set 
the  godly  congregation  (who  had  just  before  been 
groaning  beneath  their  terrible  load  of  guilt)  into 
a  titter  ;  and  it  was  some  time  again  before  wor- 
ship went  on  smoothly.  JASON. 

Louis  Napoleon  and  his  Beard.  —  The  news- 
papers inform  us  that  the  chisel  of  an  Irish  artist, 
Mr.  Matthew  Park,  has  lately  produced  a  bust  of 
the  emperor,  which  is  the  most  truthful  likeness, 
of  its  kind,  which  has  yet  appeared.  A  peculiarity 
of  this  bust  is  the  division  of  His  Majesty's  beard 
to  each  side,  which  may  be  seen  prominently  dis- 
played in  the  engraving  of  it  given  in  The  Illus- 
trated London  News  of  August  26th.  Moreover, 
we  are  told  that  this  division  is  not  a  fancy  of  the 
sculptor,  but  in  strict  accordance  with  the  mode 
of  arranging  that  hirsute  appendage  recently 
adopted  by  his  Imperial  Majesty.  Now  that  we 
are  at  war  with  a  Czar  delighting  in  "  ne  confun- 
dars,"  it  may  interest  our  allies  the  French  to 
know  that  rabbinical  lore  has  pronounced  all  who 
divide  their  beards  a  la  mode  d'Empereur  to  be 
invincible  against  the  world,  as  the  following  from 
Buxtorf  s  Florilegium  Hebraicum,  Basle,  1649,  will 
show  (voce  Barba,  p.  32.)  : 

»!»  vh  NEy    -1 


u  Qui  habet  divisionem  in  barba  sua,  totus  mnndus  non 
preevalet  ei  (contra  eum  ?)."  —  Sanhedr.  fol.  100.  col.  2. 
ex  Ben  Syra, 

J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

Thierry's  Theory.  —  The  newspapers  lately  an- 
nounced that  the  office  of  proctor  in  convocation 
for  the  clergy  of  Canterbury  was  to  be  contested 
by  the  Rev.  A.  Oxenden  and  the  Rev.  J.  C.  B. 
Riddell,  gentlemen  who,  I  believe,  trace  their  an- 
cestry to  the  companions  of  Hengist  and  of  Rollo 
respectively.  Might  not  a  disciple  of  M.  Thierry 
make  something  of  this  ?  Let  us  try. 

"Aujourd'hui  meme,  que'huit  siecles  se  sont  ecoule's 
depuis  la  funeste  bataille  de  Hastings,  on  voit  encore, 
sous  les  voutes  de  la  meme  cathedrale  oil  le  Saxon 
Thomas-Becket  a  succombe'  sous  les  coups  meurtriers  des 
ennemis  de  sa  race,  une  vive  contestation  pour  la  repre- 
sentation du  clerge'  de  Cantorbe'ri  entre  M.  Ochsenbein, 
membre  d'une  tres-ancienne  famille  du  royaume  Saxor. 
de  Kent,  et  M.  Ridel,  descendant  du  Sieur  de  Ridel,  qui 
se  trouve  sur  le  Rol  de  Batel-Abbaye,  et  parent  de  ce 
Geoffroy  Ridel  &  qui  1'archevOque  Saxon,  au  lieu  de  son 
titre  A'Archidiacre,  a  donne  celui  d'Archidiable  ("  Archi- 
uiabolus  noster  :  "  S.  Thorn.  Cantuar.  Epistol.  ).  ' 

"  Low  churchman  (homme  de  la  basse  eglise,  puritain, 
vigK)  et  high  churchman  (homme  de  la  haute  e'glise,  thon/~) 
—  Saxori  et  Xormand  —  voila  comme  se  reprochait  I'in-- 
extinguible  Intte  sous  le  voile  sombre  et  mystique  de  la 
theologie  riSformee  de  1'Anylieanisme!  " 

CLERICUS  CANTUARIENSIS. 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  258. 


WILLIAM  HOULBROOK,  THE  BLACKSMITH  OF 
MARLBOROUGH. 

There  has  lately  fallen  into  my  hands  a  tattered 
little  piece  with  the  running  title  of  A  Blacksmith 
and  no  Jesuit,  pleasantly  narrating  the  troubles 
the  above-named  loyal  subject  got  into  with  the 
Rump,  for  refusing  to  become  subservient  to 
Oliver's  government.  One  Cornet  Joyce,  with  a 
small  detachment,  had,  it  appears,  been  prowling 
about  Marlborough  watching  the  movements  of 
the  Cavaliers  ;  and  thinking  that  the  farrier  could 
furnish  them  with  a  cue  to  the  parties  secretly 
*'  carrying  on  the  interest  of  Charles  Stuart," 
Joyce  jesuitically  represents  himself  as  a  Royalist, 
and  in  this  manner  entraps  the  Smith  ;  who,  upon 
the  information  thus  obtained,  is  had  up  a  prisoner 
to  London.  Houlbrook  is  here  put  upon  his 
mettle  by  being  confronted  and  interrogated  by 
Bradshaw.  Vulcan,  before  an  open  enemy,  is, 
Lowever,  a  waggish  fellow ;  chopping  logic,  and 
parrying  the  snares  laid  for  him  by  this  arch  king- 
killer  and  others,  who  would  incite  him  to  peach 
upon  the  Royalists.  Very  well :  these  examin- 
ations, notwithstanding,  result  in  the  Smith's 
"committal  by  Bulstrode  Whitelock,  President, 
for  high  treason,  in  holding  correspondence  with 
the  enemies  of  this  Commonwealth  ; "  but,  finding 
that  intimidation  had  not  answered  their  views, 
Houlbrook,  after  being  bullied  and  badgered  by 
their  High  Court  of  Justice,  gets  out  of  their 
clutches ;  and  upon  a  review  of  his  sufferings 
here  detailed,  exclaims,  "  If  this  be  the  Good 
Old  Cause  for  which  the  Rump  have  cried  out 
so,  I  must  say  with  the  Litany  —  Good  Lord, 
deliver  us  from  such  men ! "  Back  again  to  his 
home,  the  blacksmith  became  a  notable,  and  the 
sequel  of  his  story  may  be  gathered  from  his 
"Song:" 

"  William  Houlbrook  is  my  name, 
For  loyalty  I  suflfer'd  shame, 
For  which  the  Kump  was  much  to  blame. 
Which  nobody  can  deny,  &c. 

"  To  be  a  pris'ner  was  my  fate, 
In  the  dark  dungeons  of  Newgate, 
For  bloody  Bradshaw  did  me  hate, 

Which  nobody  can  deny,  &c. 

"  For  in  July,  in  Fifty-nine, 
I  most  dearly  paid  my  fine, 
The  Rump  from  goodness  did  decline ; 
Which  nobody  can  deny,  &c. 

"  At  last  the  Kump  was  well  paid  off, 
Tho'  of  rebellion  they  made  a  scoff: 
So  I,  poor  blacksmith,  did  come  off, 

Which  nobody  can  den}',  &c. 

"  And  now  I  dwell  in  Marlborough  town; 
For  all  my  wrongs  had  ne'er  a  crown, 
And  yet  I  am  of  some  renown, 

Which  nobody  can  deny,  &c. 


"  For  I  do  make  both  nails  and  shoes, 
And  I  can  tell  you  pleasant  news, 
If  you  do  act  like  good  True  Blues, 

Which  nobody  can  deny,"  &c. 

At  the  Restoration,  Charles  looked  upon  the 
sufferings  and  sequestrations  of  his  nobles  as  amply 
rewarded  by  the  reinstation  of  the  monarchy ;  and 
probably  these  latter  repaid  the  blacksmith  in  the 
like  coin,  holding  the  re-establishment  of  the  old 
noblesse  and  squirearchy  an  equivalent  for  the 
shield  he  had  thrown  over  them  in  troublous  times. 
But  I  have  forgotten  my  Queries :  Is  the  black- 
smith's story  elsewhere  recorded  ?  And  can  any 
of  your  curious  readers  give  me  a  copy  of  the  title 
and  remainder  of  the  smith's  ditty,  wanted  in  my 
mutilated  book  ?  J.  O. 

f_We  subjoin  the  concluding  verses : 

"  Make  use  of  me,  be  not  afraid, 
My  suff  'rings  have  not  me  dismay'd, 
Altho'  by  Cornet  Joyce  betray'd, 

Which  nobody  can  deny,  &c. 

"  Now  from  my  song  I  here  will  rest, 
And  pray  for  those  who  are  the  best, 
For  many  knaves  have  feather'd  their  nest, 
Which  nobody  can  deny, 
Which  nobody  can  deny." 

The  song  is  followed  by  a  list  of  "  The  names  of  those 
whom  Joyce  and  his  bloody  crew  did  endeavour  to  ruin." 
Also  "A  Speech  made  by  a  worthy  Member  of  Parliament 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  concerning  the  other  House, 
March,  1659."  This  edition  consists  altogether  of  140 
pages,  with  the  following  long  title-page :  —  "A  Genuine 
and  Faithfull  Account  of  the  Sufferings  of  William  Houl- 
brook, Blacksmith,  of  Marlborough,  in  the  Reign  of 
Charles  I.,  showing  the  artifices  and  treacherous  insinu- 
ations of  Cornet  Joyce,  Tynn,  and  others  of  that  horrid 
crew;  how  he  was  ensnar'd  into  all  the  dangers  and 
difficulties  those  regicides  could  invent.  Together  with 
his  commitment  to  Newgate,  where  he  was  inhumanly 
treated,  and  loaded  with  irons.  Also  his  several  examin- 
ations before  Bradshaw  and  his  execrable  companions : 
with  other  particulars  in  prose  and  verse.  The  whole 
written  by  himself  during  his  confinement.  To  which  is 
added,  A  learned  Speech  made  by  a  worthy  Member  of 
Parliament  in  the  House  of  Commons,  concerning  the 
other  House,  of  that  critical  and  dangerous  year  1659. 
London,  printed  for  R.  Montague,  at  the  Book  Warehouse 
in  Wild  Street,  1744.  Price,  bound,  one  shilling  and  six- 
pence." The  first  edition  of  this  curious  piece,  published 
in  1G60,  only  extends  as  far  as  the  postscript  on  p.  97.  of 
the  edition  of  1744.] 


Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  where  I  can  find  a  sale  cata- 
logue of  the  library  of  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey, 
which  was  sold  at  the  Black  Swan,  near  St.  Paul's, 
the  25th  October,  1686,  4to.,  176  pages  ?  H.  G. 

The  noted  Westons  of  Winchelsea. — During  a 
recent  photographic  visit  to  Winchelsea,  a  locality 
which  I  recommend  all  your  photographic  readers 
to  avail  themselves  of,  who  wish  for  a  good  day's 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


photography,  I  saw  prints  of  "  The  Noted  Wes- 
tons,"  and  was  told  a  long  rambling  story  of  their 
misdeeds  as  highwaymen,  —  that  they  formerly 
resided  in  the  great  house  in  the  town,  where  they 
were  much  respected,  gave  large  parties,  and  were 
looked  upon  as  quite  the  principal  people  of  the 
place.  It  was  told  me  that  they  were  subse- 
quently executed  for  a  highway  robbery,  and  that 
their  detection  was  occasioned  in  consequence  of 
a  deformity  of  the  thumbs  of  one  of  them.  As  I 
find  no  mention  of  them  in  Mr.  Durrant  Cooper's 
excellent  and  interesting  History  of  Winchelsea, 
I  venture  to  ask  whether  there  is  any  known 
foundation  for  the  story  ?  H.  W.  DIAMOND. 

Lightfoot :  Pocock :  Thorndike :  Upcott.  —  Can 
any  of  your  correspondents  furnish  me  with  in- 
formation respecting  — 

1.  The  correspondence  and  papers  of  Dr.  Light- 
foot,  which  were  in  the  hands  of  his  son-in-law, 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Duckfield,  incumbent  of  Aspeden, 
in  Herts,  in  1684,  and  were  employed  in  that  year 
by  Dr.  Bright  in  writing  the  Life  prefixed  to  Light- 
foot's  Works? 

2.  The  correspondence  and  papers  of  Pocock 
the  Orientalist,  which  were  in  the  hands  of  his 
son,  the  Rev.  Edward  Pocock,  rector  of  Milden- 
hall,  near  Marlborough  in  Wilts,  in  1740,  in  which 
year  Dr.  Twells  had  the  use  of  them  for  his  Life 
of  Pocock,  "prefixed  to  the  latter's   Theological 
Works,  published  in  that  year. 

There  were  some  letters  of  Herbert  Thorndike 
among  both  these  collections,  which  it  is  my' object 
to  recover. 

Any  information  about  other  letters  or  papers 
of  H.  Thorndike  would  be  esteemed  a  favour  by 
ARTHUR  WEST  HADDAN. 

Trinity  College,  Oxford. 

P.  S. — The  collection  of  autograph  letters  for- 
merly in  the  possession  of  the  late  Mr.  Upcott 
may  possibly  contain  letters  to  or  from  Thorndike. 
Is  it  known  what  became  of  them  on  Mr.  Upcott's 
decease  ? 

Slaughtering  Cattle  in  Towns.  —  Can  any  one 
inform  me  of  the  date  of  the  earliest  enactment 
against  slaughtering  cattle  in  cities,  &c.  ?  The  fol- 
lowing I  have  copied  out  of  a  folio  black-letter  in 
my  possession,  entitled  A  Collection  in  English  of 
the  Statutes  now  in  force,  continued  from  the  Begin- 
ning of  Magna  Charta  untill  the  35th  Yeare  of  the 
Reigne  ofoure  Orations  Queen  Elizabeth,  imprinted 
at  London  by  Christopher  Barker,  anno  1594 : 

"  No  butcher,  nor  his  servant,  shall  flea  no  manner  of 
beast  within  the  said  house,  called  the  scaulding-house, 
or  within  the  wal  of  London." 

Then  follow  the  fines  and  penalties,  and  it  pro- 
ceeds : 

"  And  over  this  it  is,  &c.,  that  the  same  ordinance,  act, 
and  lawc  extend  and  be  observed,  and  kept  in  every  citie, 


borough,  and  town,  walled,  within  this  realme  of  Eng- 
land and  in  the  town  of  Cambridge  (the  townes  of  Bar- 
wike  and  Carlile  onelie  except  and  foreprised)." — An. 
4  Hen.  VII.,  cap.  3. 

Also,  why  should  Cambridge  be  particularised, 
and  the  towns  of  "Barwike  and  Carlile"  excepted  ? 

T.  W. 
Halifax. 

Who  is  General  Pnm  f — Occasionally  "  General 
Prim"  flashes  like  a  comet  across  the  field  of 
Eastern  warfare:  his  "splendid  uniform" — 'his 
"train  of  aides-de-camp" — excite  the  admiration 
of  the  beholders,  and  swell  the  descriptions  of 
"  our  own  correspondent."  I  confess  he  has  ex- 
cited more  of  my  curiosity  than  all  or  any  the 
commanders-in-chief  of  the  Turkish  or  Allied 
armies.  At  last,  however,  he  finally  quits  the 
"  seat  of  war,"  and  it  is  announced  that  he  is  on. 
his  way  back  to  Spain.  Query,  Is  the  gallant 
general  a  Spaniard  born,  or  only  naturalised  ?  I 
know  of  one  family  of  the  name  in  Ireland  (co.  of 
Kilkenny).  Can  General  Prim  be  an  Irishman 
or  of  Irish  descent,  as  the  no  less  conspicuous 
General  O'Donnell  undoubtedly  is  ? 

JAMES  GRAVES. 

Mudie's  "  Propositions." — There  has  lately  come 
into  my  possession  a  pamphlet,  of  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  the  title-page : 

"  Report  of  the  Committee  appointed  at  a  Meeting  of 
Journeymen,  chiefly  Printers,  to  take  into  Consideration 
certain  Propositions  submitted  to  them  by  Mr.  George 
Mudie,  having  for  their  Object  a  System  of  Social  Ar«- 
rangement,  calculated  to  effect  Essential  Improvements  in 
the  Condition  of  the  Working  Classes,  and  of  Society  at 
large.  London  :  published  and  sold  at  the  Medallic 
Cabinet,  158.  Strand.  Price  Ninepence.  1821." 

Mr.  Mudie's  propositions  seem  to  have  been, 
made  with  the  intent  to  get  up  communities  for 
working  men  and  their  families,  similar  to  the 
"  model  lodging-houses,"  recently  commenced  in 
various  towns.  At  the  end  of  the  pamphlet  is  an 
appeal  by  the  "Committee"  to  the  wealthier  por- 
tion of  the  nation,  to  assist  them  in  raising  1 2,000?. 
to  make  a  commencement.  For  this  capital  7£ 
per  cent,  interest  was  to  be  paid.  Was  there  any 
attempt  at  that  time  (1821)  to  carry  out  these 
"  propositions  ?  "  and  if  so,  where  ?  Y. 

Monastery  of  Nutcelle. — Where  was  the  monas- 
tery of  Nutcelle,  Nutscelle,  Nhuts-celle,  Nuthcelle, 
or  Nhutstelle  (Pertz,  Mon.  Germ.  Histor.,  vol.  ii. 
p.  336.),  of  which  St.  Boniface  was  an  inmate  ? 
It  is  said  to  have  been  in  Hampshire ;  and  the 
Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  in  his  late  important  work 
(vol.  ii.  p.  109.),  identifies  it  with  Netley.  This, 
however,  seems  questionable,  as  the  charter  of 
Netley  Abbey,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  says 
nothing  of  any  earlier  foundation  in  the  same 
place ;  and,  moreover,  the  name  Netley  seems  to 
be  a  corruption,  not  of  Nutcelle,  but  vfLetley  (Lcetus 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  258. 


Locus :  see  Monast.  Anglic.,  vol.  v.  pp.  695-6.). 
A  place  with  a  name  more  resembling  that  in 
question  is  Nutshelling,  which  is  mentioned  in  the 
Monasticon  (vol.  i.  p.  217.),  and  in  the  Inquisitiones 
post  Mortem,  as  a  manor  belonging  to  St.  Swithin's, 
Winchester.  Is  this  place  in  Hampshire,  as  is 
stated  in  the  Inquisitiones,  or  is  the  Index  to  the 
Monasticon  right  in  giving  Wilts  as  the  county  ? 
And  was  there  a  religious  house  there  in  Saxon 
times  ?  J.  C.  R. 

Quotations  wanted.  — 
"  What  saith  the  whispering  winds  ?  "  S.  JENNINGS,  G. 


'  Obedient  Yamen 
Answer'd  'Amen,' 
And  did  (of  course) 
As  he  was  bid."       F.  M.  MIDDLETOJC. 


Who  is  the  author  of  the  following  ? 

"  GIVE,  GIVE  ! 

The  sun  gives  ever,  so  the  earth 
What  it  can  give  so  much  'tis  worth,"  &c. 


S.  A.  S. 


Also  of  the  lines : 

"  The  devil  hath  not  in  all  his  quiver's  choice, 
An  arrow  for  the  heart  like  a  sweet  voice." 

M AL. 


"  On  the  green  slope 
Of  a  romantic  glade  we  sat  us  down 
Amid  the  fragrance  of  the  yellow  broom,"  &c. 

SELEUCUS. 


"  Great  I  must  call  him,  for  he  conquer'd  me." 

C.  W.  C. 


Latin  Distich.  —  Who  was  the  author  of  the  following 
distich? 

"  Kes  ea  sacra,  miser ;  noli  mea  tangere  fata ; 
Sacrilegae  bustis  abstinuere  manus." 

See  Bingham's  Antiquities,  book  xxiii.  chap.  ii.  sect.  3. ; 
and  the  Codex  Theodosianus,  lib.  ix.  tit.  xvii.  leg.  5., 
t.  iii.  p.  144.  R.  B. 

57.  Gloucester  Place,  Portman  Square. 


.    In  what  portion  of  Miss  Laudon's  Works  is  the  expres- 
sion: 

"  Hope  is  not  prophecy.    We  dream."  ? 

JOHN  NURSE  CHADWICK. 


Who  is  the  writer  of  the  hymn  — 

"  Lord,  dismiss  us  with  thy  blessing  "  ? 


ANON. 


In  what  poem  or  ballad  does  the  following  line  occur : 

"  Her  mouth  a  rosebud  fill'd  with  snow  "  ? 
and  who  is  the  author?  C.  H.  C. 


"  It  was  an  observation  of  a  noble  person  (though  that 
noble  person,  perhaps,  deserves  but  little  to  be  quoted), 
that  few  things  were  so  uncommon  as  common  sense." — 
Preface  to  Watkins'  Treatise  on  Copyholds,  p.  ix. 

Who  was  this  noble  person  ?  H.  P. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 


Where  are  the  following  lines  to  be  met  with : 

"  When  meekness  beams  upon  a  Thurlow's  brow ; 
And  smiles  light  up  the  countenance  of  Howe ; 
When  Barrymore  the  flint  penurious  skins, 
And  for  the  outs,  Dundas  forsakes  the  in's ; 
When  Richmond's  rage  for  batteries  subsides, 
And  into  Wyndham's  breast  corruption  glides." 

AN  OLD  SUBSCRIBER. 


The  following  lines  were  copied  from  a  child's  tomb- 
stone. Who  is  the  author  of  them  ? 

"  The  storm  that  wrecks  the  winter  sky, 

No  more  disturbs  his  deep  repose 
Than  summer's  evening's  latest  sigh, 

That  shuts  the  rose.'"  E.  V. 

Anastatic  Printing.— The  Wiltshire  and  Somer- 
setshire archasological  publications  are  illustrated 
by  means  of  the  anastatic  process  of  printing. 
What  is  the  advantage  of  this  over  lithographic 
processes  in  effect,  or  pecuniary  point  of  view  ? 

G.  R.  L. 

Dr.  Noad"s  Lectures. — Did  Dr.  Noad,  in  his 
excellent  lectures  at  the  Panopticon,  on  Electri- 
city, in  July  (which  I  could  not  stay  in  London 
to  hear  the  termination  of),  recommend  lightning 
conductors  ?  The  Doctor  spoke  of  a  lateral  flash 
for  a  conductor  as  a  part  of  his  next  lecture. 
How  did  he  conclude  this  interesting  topic  ? 

G.  R.  L. 

No  Tides  in  the  Baltic.  —  What  explanation  can 
be  given  of  the  singular  circumstance  that  there 
are  no  tides  in  the  Baltic  Sea  ?  The  contrary  is 
the  case  in  the  Mediterranean.  E.  WEST. 

Vaccination.  —  In  the  exceedingly  interesting 
Private  Journal  and  Literary  Remains  of  John 
Byrom,  lately  issued  by  the  Chetham  Society, 
vol.  i.  part  i.  at  p.  148.,  Thursday  (June  3),  1725, 
is  the  following  passage  : 

"  Went  to  St.  Dunstan's  Church  to  hear  Dr.  Lupton : 
came  too  late,  and  there  were  two  men  in  my  seat,  so  I 
went  to  the  Society— Sir  Isaac  presiding.  Dr.  Jurin 
read  a  case  of  smallpox ;  where  a  girl,  the  writer's  sister, 
who  had  been  inoculated,  and  had  been  vaccinated,  was 
tried,  and  had  them  not  again ;  but  another  boy  caught  the 
smallpox  from  this  girl,  of  four  years  old,  and  had  the 
confluent  kind,  and  died." 

This  statement  has  surprised  me  very  much,  that 
vaccination  should  be  spoken  of  at  the  Royal 
Society,  Sir  Isaac  Newton  .in  the  chair,  in  1725. 
If  known  then,  how  came  it  to  be  thought  a  com- 
plete! v  new  discovery  when  brought  forward  by 
Jenner  ?  Or,  as  the  original  journal  is  in  shorthand, 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


289 


is  it  probable  that  the  word  is  mistaken  ?  I  should 
much  like  to  know  your  opinion,  or  that  of  some 
of  your  correspondents,  on  this  subject.  C.  DB  D. 

Speech  of  Lord  Derby.  —  The  Earl  of  Derby,  a 
year  or  two  ago,  referring  to  the  mode  in  which 
the  last  census  was  taken,  foretold  beforehand  the 
untruthfulness  of  its  religious  worship  returns.  I 
should  be  glad  if  any  one  more  conversant  with 
Hansard  than  myself  would  refer  me  to  the  date. 

NEMO. 

"  The  Friends,"  —  Who  was  the  author  of  The 
Friends,  or,  Original  Letters  of  a  Person  deceased, 
London,  2  vols.,  1773  ?  D. 

Genoa  Registers.  —  How  can  I  procure  the 
register  of  burial  of  a  person  who  died  at  Genoa 
in  1790?  D. 

Geojfery  Alford.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  any  information  about  GeofFery  Alford, 
mentioned  by  Macaulay  in  his  History  as  Mayor 
of  Lyme  Regis  at  the  time  of  the  landing  of  the 
Duke  of  Monmouth  ?  What  was  his  pedigree  ? 
And  whether  he  is  at  all  connected  with  the 
Alfords  at  Curry-Rivell  and  at  Weston-Zoyland 
in  the  county  of  Somerset ;  one  of  which  name 
was  churchwarden  at  the  latter  place  at  the  time 
of  the  battle  of  Sedgemoor  ?  B.  H.  ALFORD. 


Minor 


erf  fofflj 


Pascal  Paoli,  —  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
inform  me  where  this  celebrated  individual  was 
buried  ?  He  died  on  February  5,  1807,  having 
for  some  time  previous  resided  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  Edgeware  Road.  A  current  report 
exists  that  he  was  buried  in  his  garden,  and  that 
he  lived  at  one  time  in  Vauxhall  Walk,  Lambeth, 
in  the  same  house  previously  tenanted  by  Theo- 
dore NeuhofF,  the  crowned  King  of  Corsica.  This 
ill-fated  individual  we  know  was  buried  at  St. 
Anne's,  Soho  ;  as  recorded  by  the  tablet  erected 
to  his  memory  by  Horace  Walpole. 

I  cannot  learn  from  any  of  the  older  inhabi- 
tants of  Lambeth  any  information  on  the  subject, 
neither  can  I  find  any  foundation  for  the  truth  of 
either  of  the  individuals  named  having  ever  re- 
sided in  Lambeth.  Is  there  any  tablet  to  the 
memory  of  Pascal  Paoli  ?  J.  F. 

Kennington. 

[Pascal  Paoli  was  buried  in  St.  Pancras  churchyard. 
On  his  tomb  is  an  epitaph  -written  by  Signer  Francisco 
Pietri,  a  gentleman  of  Corsica,  and  one  of  the  general's 
most  intimate  friends  and  faithful  followers.  A  monu- 
ment, with  his  bust  and.  an  inscription,  was  raised  to  his 
memory  in  Westminster  Abbey.  Both  the  epitaph  and 
inscription  are  given  in  the  Gentleman's  Murtazine  for  Ja- 
nuary, 1808,  p.  01.] 


Pizarro  and  Almagro.  —  In  the  Somerset  House 
Exhibition,  so  far  back  as  the  year  1836,  there 
was  a  painting  of  great  merit,  said  to  delineate  a 
circumstance  that  happened  in  the  life  of  the  ce- 
lebrated Pizarro.  He  and  Almagro  are  described 
as  "  reading  an  account  of  their  atrocities  in  the 
Convent  of [name  forgotten].  Their  ir- 
repressible emotion  excites  the  attention  of  the 
monk  standing  by,  who  curiously  and  furtively 
regards  them,"  &c.  This  scene  is  said  to  be  ex- 
tracted from  the  Abbe  de  Perez's  Conquest  of 
America,  a  quotation  from  which  work  is  given  as 
a  text  for  the  painting. 

Is  that  work  extant,  easily  accessible  ?  or  if 
not,  could  any  reader  kindly  supply  the  anecdote 
in  question  ?  It  appears  as  interesting  as  singular, 
but  I  have  vainly  sought  to  find  it  in  print. 

E.B. 

Wexford. 

[This  painting  is  by  R.  Westall,  R.A.,  and  entitled 
"  Cortes,  in  the  Chapel  of  the  Convent  of  Rabida,  reading 
to  Pizarro  an  account  of  their  own  atrocities,  and  a.  male- 
diction upon  them,  written  by  the  Abbot  Perez."  The 
scene  is  extracted  from  Rogers's  Columbus ;  and  the  point 
of  time  represented  is  when  the  monk  has  risen  from  his 
chair,  surprised  and  curious  at  observing  the  agitation  of 
the  elder  stranger.  "  Here  is  a  little  book,"  said  the 
Franciscan  at  last,  "  the  work  of  him  in  his  shroud  below. 
It  tells  of  things  you  have  mentioned ;  and  were  Cortes 
and  Pizarro  here,  it  might,  perhaps,  make  them  reflect 
for  a  moment."  The  youngest  smiled  as  he  took  it  into 
his  hand.  He  read  it  aloud  with  an  unfaltering  voice ; 
but  when  he  laid  it  down  a  silence  ensued,  nor  was  he 
seen  to  smile  again  that  night.  "  The  curse  is  heavy," 
said  he,  "  bu^  Cortes  may  live  to  disappoint  him ;  aye, 
and  Pizarro  too."] 

Names  of  Churches. — In  Brand's  Popular  An- 
tiquities, under  the  title  of  "Country  Wakes," 
sec.  3.  in  notis,  it  is  said  : 

"  It  has  been  observed  by  antiquaries,  that  few  churches 
or  none  are  anywhere  found  honoured  with  the  name  of 
St.  Barnabas,  except  one  at  Rome." 

I  recollect  two  modern  churches  within  the 
metropolis  under  the  patronage  of  this  Saint, — 
St.  Barnabas,  Pimlico,  and  St.  Barnabas,  Clap- 
ham.  The  church  at  Rome  is,  I  believe,  dedicated 
to  St.  Paul  and  St.  Barnabas. 

Can  any  reason  be  assigned  why,  in  former 
times,  churches  were  not  called  by  this  saint's 
name  in  England ;  and  why,  in  more  modern  days, 
the  practice  has  arisen  of  committing  the  sacred 
edifices  to  his  care  ?  G.  BKINDLEY  ACWORTH. 

Rochester. 

[One  reason  may  be  that  St.  Barnabas  was  not  one  of 
the  number  of  the  twelve  chosen  by  our  Lord,  although 
styled  an  apostle  by  St.  Luke  and  the  early  Fathers. 
AVheatly  states  that  St.  Barnabas'  festival  is  omitted  al- 
together in  the  calendar  of  the  second  book  of  Edward  VI. 
(probably  through  the  carelessness  of  the  printer),  and 
was  not  restored  till  the  Scotch  liturgy  was  compiled; 
nor  was  his  festival  included  among  the  days  appointed 
to  be  observed  by  the  act  5  &  0  Edward  VI.,  although 
proper  lessons  were  appointed  for  him  in  all  the  Prayer- 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  25S. 


Books  published  since  the  Reformation.  The  Calendar  of 
the  Anglican  Church  (p.  81.,  published  in  1851),  states  that 
"  six  churches  are  named  in  his  honour  in  England." 
See  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  i.,  p.  136.] 

Artificial  Ice. — Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  the  composition  of  the  artificial  ice,  which  was 
some  years  ago  exhibited  for  skating  purposes  in 
London  ?  It  was  then  the  subject  of  a  patent, 
"but  that  has  no  doubt  long  ago  expired.  J.  P.  O. 

Loch  Gilp  Head. 

[Ice  was  produced  in  summer  by  means  of  chemical 
mixtures,  prepared  by  Mr.  Walker  and  others  in  1782. 
The  3rd  and  4th  volumes  of  the  Philosophical  Magazine 
and  Annals  of  Philosophy  for  1828,  contain  two  commu- 
nications from  Mr.  Walker,  about  forty  years  after  the 
appearance  of  his  first  paper  in  the  Philosophical  Trans- 
actions. The  papers  in  the  Philosophical  Magazine  contain 
a  description  of  very  useful  apparatus  for  experiments 
with  frigorific  mixtures.  Leslie  froze  water  under  the 
receiver  of  an  air-pump,  by  placing  under  it  a  vessel  full 
of  oil  of  vitriol.  One  part  of  sal-ammoniac  and  two  of 
common  salt,  with  five  of  snow,  produce  a  degree  of  cold 
12°  below  the  zero  of  Fahrenheit.  Five  parts  of  muriate 
of  lime  and  four  of  snow  freeze  mercury ;  and  mercury  can 
be  solidified  by  preparations  of  sulphuric  acid,  so  as  to 
bear  the  stroke  of  a  hammer.  See  the  articles  FREEZING 
and  HEAT  in  the  Penny  Cyclopaedia."] 

Milton 's  Watch.  —  Having,  some  years  since, 
seen  a  newspaper  paragraph  stating  that  a  watch, 
•which  formerly  belonged  to  the  poet  Milton  when 
a  youth,  had  been  accidentally  discovered,  and 
was  intended  to  be  placed  in  the  British  Museum, 
may  I  inquire  through  your  pages  if  the  state- 
ment named  was  well  founded  ?  and,  if  so,  whether 
the  relic  in  question  ever  found  its  way  into  our 
great  national  repository,  or  is  preserved  else- 
where ?  CUEIOSUS. 

[Milton's  watch  is  not  in  the  British  Museum ;  one 
supposed  to  have  been  Cromwell's  is.  Sir  Charles  Fel- 
lowes  or  Mr.  Octavius  Morgan  may  have  the  former,  as 
they  have  the  finest  collections  of  watches  in  England.] 


"  WALSINGHAM'S  MANUAL." 
(Vol.vi.,  pp.56.  375.) 

Your  correspondent  A.  B.iR.  at  the  latter  re- 
ference says,  "  I  once  bought  a  little  book  under 
the  name  of  Walsingharri 's  Manual,  of  which  the 
proper  title  is  Arcana  Aulica,  published  in  1655, 
under  the  impression  that  it  might  be  a  work  of 
Sir  Francis  Walsingham's ;  but  though  a  rare  and 
very  curious  volume,  it  is  not  his."  I  have  never 
seen  the  original  edition  of  Walsingham's  Manual, 
but  I  have  before  me  a  thin  12mo.,  pp.  186.,  en- 
titled Arcana  Aulica,  or  Walsingham's  Manual  of 
Prudential  Maxims  for  the  Statesman  and  the 
Courtier.  London,  printed  by  T.  C.  1655 ;  London, 
reprinted  for  W.  S.,  and  sold  by  G.  and  "W.  Ni- 
coll,  Pall  Mall ;  Longman,  Hurst,  Rees,  and  Ornie, 


Paternoster  Row ;  and  J.  W.  Richardson,  Corn- 
hill,  1810  :  price  four  shillings. 

The  work  consists  of  a  series  of  chapters  on 
court  statesmanship,  and  A.  B.  R.  is  wrong  when 
he  says  that  the  proper  title  of  it  is  Arcana  Aulica, 
and  that  it  (Arcana  Aulica)  was  published  in  1655. 
That  title  and  that  date  were  merely  the  date  and 
title  of  a  translation  into  English  from  a  Latin 
version,  which  I  have  now  before  me,  of  a  French 
original.  The  title  of  this  Latin  version  is,  Au- 
licus  inculpatus  ex  Gallico  auctoris  anonymi  tra- 
ductus,  a  Joach.  Pastorio,  Med.  D.  Amsterodami, 
apud  Lud.  Elzerium,  1649:  18mo.,  pp.  204.  la 
the  "  Prefatio  ad  Lectorem  "  the  translator  says, 
after  confessing  his  ignorance  of  the  author,  — 

"Nescio  tamen  qua  ex  causa  ille  nomine  hunc  suo 
gaudere  noluit,"  &c. 

and  the  English  translator  (anonymous)  says : 

"  Of  what  birth  it  is  I  can  give  no  certain  account ;  all 
that  I  can  assure  you  of  is  this,  that  having  'perused  it 
through,  some  very  knowing  persons  have  affirmed  that 
our  language  is  yet  enriched  with  nothing  upon  the  sub- 
ject equal  to  it.  .  .  .  It  was  directed  as  a  present  to 
Ormond,  the  titular  Viceroy  of  Ireland,  from  one  Wal- 
singham." 

And  then  quoting,  or  affecting  to  quote,  from  the 
letter  from  this  "  one  Walsingham  "  to  Ormond, 
accompanying  the  present,  he  makes  the  same 
"  one  Walsingham  "  say,  — 

"  It  is  some  years  since  I  first  met  with  it  in  MS.,  and 
in  a  foreign  language.  ...  I  have  since  seen  it  pub- 
lished in  Latin,  but  still  as  nameless  as  at  our  first  ac- 
quaintance." 

J.K. 

[An  edition  of  Walsingham's  Manual  was  published  in 
1728,  under  the  following  title,  "  Walsingham's  Manual; 
or  Prudential  Maxims  for  Statesmen  and  Courtiers,  with 
Instructions  for  Youth,  Gentlemen,  and  Noblemen.  By 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  Lord  Treasurer  Burleigh,  and  Car- 
dinal Sermonetta.  The  Second  Edition.  London :  printed 
for  W.  Mears,  F.  Clay,  and  D.  Brown,  without  Temple 
Bar,  MD.XXVIII.,  (price  2s.  6d)."  The  volume,  which  is 
a  large  12mo.,  contains : 

I.  "  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  Instructions  to  his  Son  and 
to  Posterity ; " 

which  extends  from  pp.  9.  to  42. 

II.  "  The  Lord  Treasurer  Burleigh's  Advice  to  his  Son ; " 
which  occupies  pp.  45.  to  55. 

III.  "  The  Instructions  of  Cardinal  Sermonetta  to  his 
Cousin  Petro  Caetano,  at  his  first  going  into  Flanders  to 
the  Duke  of  Parma  to  serve  Philip,  King  of  Spain;" 

which  occupies  pp.  59.  to  99.    And  — 

IV.  "  Walsingham's  Manual  of  Prudential  Maxims  for 
Statesmen  and  Courtiers ; " 

which  fills  the  greater  portion  of  the  volume,  extending 
as  it  does  from  pp.  103.  to  328. 

The  editor  of  this  edition,  in  his  address  to  the  reader, 
gives  us  the  following  account  of  the  work  in  question : 

"The  fourth  (tract)  is  Walsingham  s  Manual,  which 
crowns  all,  and  is  thought  to  be  the  performance  of  some 
unfortunate  Spanish  minister  in  his  retirement ;  and  we 
are  indebted  to  Mr.  Walsingham  (whose  name  it  bears) 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


for  the  excellent  and  masterly  translation  which  he  has 
given  of  it.  Mr.  Walsingham  was  Secretary  to  the 
famous  Lord  Digby  in  Charles  I. 'a  time ;  whose  father, 
the  Earl  of  Bristol,  succeeding  the  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham in  his  embassy  in  Spain,  in  all  probability  pur- 
chased this  incomparable  piece  in  manuscript ;  from  whose 
study  Mr.  Walsingham  is  thought  to  have  obliged  the 
publick  with  it ;  and  it  deservedly  wears  his  name  (for  it 
never  as  yet  has  had  any  other),  all  the  foreign  transla- 
tions, in  Latin,  French,  and  Italian,  being  extream  im- 
perfect, obscure,  and  faulty."] 


ANCIENT   ALPHABETS. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  184.) 

Will  DR.  GILES  have  the  kindness  to  state  his 
authority  for  saying  that  the  Hebrews  had  at  the 
first  only  ten  letters  ?  He  states  this,  not  as  a 
conjecture,  but  as  a  fact.  As  to  his  other  asser- 
tion, that  the  Greeks  and  Latins  had  at  first  only 
sixteen  letters,  this  is  founded,  as  all  scholars 
know,  upon  very  ancient  authority.  Still  this 
old  tradition  has  always  appeared  to  me  beset 
with  difficulties,  especially  if  westake  it  in  con- 
nexion with  the  tradition  which  accompanies  it, 
that  the  Greek  alphabet  was  introduced  into 
Greece  by  Cadmus  from  Phoenicia.  It  is  quite 
obvious  that  the  Greek  letters  resemble  in  their 
form  the  old  Samaritan  and  Phoenician  characters, 
a  resemblance  brought  out  very  closely  by  a  re- 
ference to  the  old  j3ou<TTpJ(/>7j5oj'  and  other  inscrip- 
tions. And  the  order  of  the  letters,  including  the 
&rkrrjjua  (or  Pav,  K^wira,  and  ffdmri),  is,  with  the 
exception  of  the  last,  the  same  as  that  of  the 
Hebrew  :  the  very  names  of  the  My-qua  closely 
resembling  those  of  the  Hebrew  characters,  which 
stand  in  the  same  relative  positions.  It  seems 
tolerably  clear  that  these  numerical  eVi'o^/ua  were 
originally  used  as  letters ;  the  /Bow  being  evidently 
the  old  digamma,  the  K  of  the  Latins,  which  oc- 
cupies the  same  place  in  the  alphabet.  The  /coVn-a 
was  another  form  of  K,  occurring  in  this  shape  °\ 
upon  some  ancient  Greek  documents,  and  evi- 
dently the  same  letter  as  the  Roman  Q. 

The  ffaviri  possibly  soon  became  obsolete,  but 
might  have  been  replaced  (as  a  letter)  by  the  »//. 
We  have  thus  the  whole  Hebrew  alphabet  adopted, 
at  least  for  numerical  purposes,  by  the  Greeks. 
Indeed,  we  have  the  evidence  of  very  ancient 
monuments  that  there  were  at  least  twenty  cha- 
racters in  use ;  for  I  am  not  at  present  clear  about 
the  £,  which  yet,  be  it  observed,  holds  a  relative 
place  to  another  sibilant  letter  in  the  Hebrew  al- 
phabet, the  Sameck.  Now,  the  analogy  between 
the  Latin  and  the  Greek  alphabet  is  very  close. 
The  C  was  probably  at  first  the  hard  G.  The 
position  of  the  G  reminds  one  of  the  soft  Oriental 
G»^  which  has  a  semi-sibilant  sound.  Somewhat 
allied  to  the  Z  (whose  place  it  usurps),  the  0  is 
found  in  the  ancient  Italian  alphabets.  The  X, 


perhaps,  is  absent,  but  the  Q  prevails  ;  so  that  we 
have  in  the  old  Latin  systems  at  least  eighteen 
letters,  even"  if  we  exclude  K,  0,  and  S,  and  pre- 
sume that  U  and  O  are  either  interchangeable,  or 
not  found  in  the  same  alphabet.  It  is  clear  that 
the  branching  off  of  the  Latin  from  the  Greek 
must  have  occurred  at  a  very  early  period ;  and 
it  would  therefore  appear  that  there  were  more 
than  sixteen  letters,  both  in  Greek  and  Latin,  at 
that  time ;  unless  we  adopt  the  very  improbable 
supposition  that  nations  who  had  apparently  be- 
come very  distinct,  afterwards  borrowed  their 
wanting  characters  one  from  another.  If,  how- 
ever, the  Greek  alphabet  had  received  its  incre- 
ment before  it  migrated  to  Italy,  how  was  this 
addition  effected  ?  It  could  not  be  by  mere  acci- 
dent that  the  characters  supposed  to  be  subse- 
quently added,  viz.  the  77,  6,  £,  and  the  fa'unipu, 
should  resemble,  both  in  name  and  position,  the 
Hebrew  originals ;  and  it  does  not  appear  very 
probable,  or  consistent  with  the  known  facts  of 
philology  or  history,  that  the  Greeks  sent  to  Phoe- 
nicia at  a  later  period  than  Cadmus  to  make  up 
the  deficiencies  which  he  could  have  at  the  first 
supplied.  In  the  absence  of  any  direct  evidence, 
does  it  not  appear  probable  that  Cadmus  actually 
introduced  the  whole  Hebrew  alphabet,  and 
adapted  the  whole  twenty-two  letters,  as  far  as 
practicable,  to  the  Greek  ?  I  may  add,  that  the 
subsequent  additions,  the  v,  $,  x>  fy  ui  seem  rather 
modifications  than  new  creations.  As  has  been 
often  observed,  the  u  probably  grew  out  of  the 
0av,  the  4>  out  of  the  TT,  the  x  out  °f  tne  KJ  t^e  w 
out  of  the  o,  and  the  ^  was  a  substitute  for  the 
tzaddi,  or  is,  a  character  not  required  in  Greek, 
though  suggesting  another  double  letter,  of  which 
s  was  an  element,  of  frequent  use  in  that  language. 

JOHN  JEBB. 


BOSTON  :  BUBDELYERS  :  WILKTNS,  ETC. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  182.) 

The  following  conjectures  may  help  MR.  P. 
THOMPSON  in  his  farther  investigation  of  the  sub- 
jects above  referred  to. 

"  Altar  cloth  of  red  silk  powthered  with  flowres 
called  Boston."  I  think  from  some  provincialism 
or  orthographical  error  Boston  may  have  been 
used  instead  of  the  French  word  bouton,  and  which 
was  probably  the  original.  There  is  the  phrase 
fleurs  de  boutons,  meaning  those  button- shaped 
flowers,  as  in  daisies,  bachelors'  buttons,  or  similar, 
which  might  have  been  the  character  of  the  pattern 
figured  on  the  fabric,  and  "  powthered "  or  dif- 
fused over  it.  Assuming  the  date  of  the  "  altar 
cloth"  as  1608,  it  would  certainly  be  of  French 
manufacture.  Many  "  gilds  "  and  corporations 
which  flourished  at  that  period  were  but  "  poor 
scholars,"  and  might  be  bewildered  with  the  word 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  258. 


and  mispronounce  it ;  besides,  how  common  it  is, 
even  yet,  in  such  matters  for  blunders  to  creep  in. 

14  Burdelyers  near  the  church  wall "  of  1608 
are  I  think  extremely  probable,  also  by  a  corrup- 
tion of  the  word,  to  have  been  bordeliers  or  bordel- 
lers,  or  brothel-keepers,  whom  it  was  not  unusual 
in  old  times  to  find  nestling  in  the  vicinity  even  of 
sacred  places.  Instances  of  bordel  for  a  br"othel 
might  be  mentioned  from  the  writings  of  Scotch 
authors  about  the  above  period,  but  unnecessary 
to  be  introduced.  The  appellation  had  no  doubt 
travelled  from  France  into  both  England  and 
Scotland.  It  is  likely  the  corporation  took  some 
oversight  in  the  regulation  of  these  haunts  of  in- 
famy. 

"  The  welkyn  or  wilking  of  brasse  of  this  corpo- 
ration "  of  1580  and  subsequent  periods  seems 
deeply  obscure ;  but,  judging  by  a  sort  of  hap- 
hazard, it  may  have  been  some  large  brass  horn 
or  trumpet,  which,  from  its  loud  and  sonorous 
qualities  when  effectively  blown,  made  all  the 
ivelkin  to  ring,  and  from  the  latter  circumstance 
the  instrument  might  have  been  thus  popularly 
named.  Such  instruments  as  the  horn,  trumpet, 
drum,  bagpipes,  &c.,  to  arouse  people  in  the  early 
morning,  were  in  many  country  situations  of  Scot- 
land in  remote  times  extensively  used  and  main- 
tained by  public  authorities  and  corporations,  and 
are  occasionally  so  still  when  desirable  to  supersede 
the  church  bell,  or  where  it  may  not  be  situated 
at  a  convenient  distance.  The  corporation  may 
also  have  had  this  great  brasse  for  official  purposes 
connected  with  its  own  state  and  dignity,  and  for 
legal  intimations,  as  proclaiming  by  the  sound  of 
the  horn,  meetings,  fairs,  &c.  ;  as  also  for  giving 
the  alarm  on  extraordinary  occasions,  as  in  cases 
of  fires,  tumult,  &c.  A  reference  to  the  ancient 
customs  of  the  locality  would  have  a  chance  of 
throwing  considerable  light  on  the  difficulty. 

Rayments  may  refer,  by  imperfect  writing  or  by 
short  expression,  to  arrayments  or  regiments,  or 
to  some  particular  body  of  men,  such  as  we  call  in 
Scotland  "  town  officers,"  who,  dressed  in  a  kind 
of  livery,  with  their  halberts  accompany  corpora- 
tions and  magistrates  on  high  occasions  in  their 
processions.  The  corporation  of  1546  (if  an  im- 
portant one)  cannot  be  supposed  to  have  been 
•without  a  corps  or  body-guard,  who  might  also 
have  been  distinguished  by  their  rayments,  or  ray- 
ment,  or  uniform,  and  from  such  commonly  called 
and  recognised  by  the  people,  adopted  as  the 
name  or  title  of  the  civic  troops. 

The  tiplers  or  tipplers  of  1568,  "  persons  licensed 
to  sell  ale  or  beer  by  retail,"  may  be  illustrated 
from  the  "  Letter  of  Gildry,"  of  the  "  Burgh  and 
City  of  Glasgow,  6th  day  of  February  1605  years:" 
(History  of  Glasgow,  by  John  MclJre,  1736. 
New  edit.  1830,  p.  148.  &c.)  : 

"Art.  23.  It  shall  noways  be  leasom  (lawful)  to  any 
gild-brother  who  is  not  at  present  burgess  and  freeman 


of  this  burgh,  but  enters  hereafter  to  be  burgess  and  gild- 
brother  according  to  the  order  set  down  before,  and 
according  to  his  ability  and  worth,  to  tapp  tarr,  oyl, 
butter,  or  to  tapp  eggs,  green-herring,  pears,  apples, 
onions,  kail,  straw,  &c.,  and  such  like  small  things,  which 
is  not  agreeable  to  the  honour  of  the  calling  of  a  gild- 
brother." 

"Art.  24.  It  shall  not  be  leasom  to  a  single  burgess 
•who  enters  hereafter  to  be  burgess  and  becomes  not  a 
gild-brother,  to  tapp  any  silk,  or  silk  work,  spices,  or 
sugars,  druggs  nor  confections  wet  or  dry,  no  launs  or 
cambricks,  nor  stuffs  above  twenty  shilling  per  ell,  no 
forreign,  hats,  nor  hats  with  velvet  and  taffety  that  comes 
out  of  France,  Flanders,  England,  or  other  forreign  parts, 
nor  to  tapp  hemp,  lint,  or  iron,  &c. ;  neither  to  tapp  wine 
in  pint  or  quart,  great  salt,  way,  &c. ;  neither  to  buy 
plaiding  or  cloth  in  great  (in  bulk)  to  sell  again  within 
this  liberty,"  &c. 

"  Art.  46.  It  shall  not  be  allowed  to  maltmen  or  others 
to  buy  malt,  meal  or  beer  (barley)  within,  this  town, 
either  before  or  in  time  of  market  to  tapp  over  again,  under 
the  penalty  of  five  pounds  (Scots  money  =  8s.  id.  En- 
glish)," &c. 

From  the  foregoing  extracts  it  will  be  observed 
that  the  jurisdiction  of  Gilds  or  Guilds  in  both 
England  and  Scotland  interfered  with  the  various 
commodities  of  trade,  and  as  well  in  licensing  as 
in  non-licensing  to  buy.  and  sell;  and  that  the 
tappers  of  Scotland  were  under  the  same  super- 
vision of  their  respective  Guilds  as  the  tiplers,  or 
tipplers,  or  tapsters  of  England ;  and  also  that  the 
terms  tappers  and  tipplers  in  the  two  countries 
were  synonymous  as  applied  to  persons  engaged 
in  traffic.  G.  If. 

Glasgow. 


Femble  (Vol.  x.,  p.  182.).  —  This  is  the  female 
hemp.  The  Cannabis  sativa  is  a  dioecious  plant. 
In  the  hemp  districts  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  about 
Lopham,  the  staminiferous  hemp  is  called  Carl 
hemp ;  the  pistilliferous,  Femble-hemp.  Carl  is 
an  old  word  for  male,  and  male  cats  are  in  the 
north  of  England  called  Carl  cats.  Tusser,  how- 
ever, confounds  them.  In  May's  husbandry  he 
says  : 

"  Good  flax  and  good  hemp,  to  have  of  her  own, 
In  May  a  good  huswife  will  see  it  be  sown ; 
And  afterwards  trim  it  to  serve  at  a  need, 
The  fimble  to  spin,  and  the  carl  for  her  seed." 

The  Carl  never  produces  any  seed,  but  has  a 
weaker  fibre  than  the  Femble. 

Carl  is  Anglo-Saxon  for  male,  and  Femble  is  in 
German  "Fimmel,  female  hemp." 

Bailey's  Dictionary  (Femble  and  Karle)  makes 
the  same  mistake  as  Tusser.  E.  G.  R. 


PHOTOGKAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Opacity  of  Collodion. — I  have  tried  almost  every  method 
published  to  make  collodion  —  DIAMOND'S,  HADON'S, 
LYTE'S,  SHADBOLT'S,  besides  many  given  in  various  ma- 
nuals of  photography — and  I  have  not  been  able  to  get 
a  pure  transparent  solution  when  dry. 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


Home's,  Eland's,  and  many  others  which  I  have  pur- 
chased, on  dropping  a  single  drop  on  glass,  remain  per- 
fectly transparent  for  any  length  of  time ;  whereas  all  I 
have  made,  leave  a  semi-opal  opaqueness,  and  this  al- 
though I  have  used  the  most  pure  materials  —  cotton, 
Swedish  paper,  pure  washed  ether,  and  absolute  alcohol, 
&c.  —  yet  I  cannot  succeed.  I  have,  moreover,  been  par- 
ticularly careful  as  to  the  specific  gravity  of  all  my 
materials :  and  although  my  prepared  cotton  and  paper 
have  been  perfectly  soluble,  yet,  as  I  say,  there  is  an 
opacity  on  drying ;  and  I  should  feel  particularly  obliged 
to  any  of  your  correspondents,  by  their  pointing  out  the 
probable  cause  of  my  failure  on  this  particular  point. 

M.  P.  M. 

[We  have  seen  the  effect  described  by  our  correspon- 
dent when  water  has  been  combined  with  the  collodion. 
This  may  arise  either  from  some  remaining  in  the  cotton, 
— which  may  not  be  perfectly  dry,  although  apparently 
so,  or  it  may  be  combined  with  your  ether  or  alcohol.  An 
opacity  will  also  take  place  in  the  subsequent  picture, 
although  not  to  the  eye,  previous  to  immersion  in  the 
bath,  if  the  collodion  is  allowed  to  get  too  dry  before  it  is 
plunged  into  the  nitrate  solution.  We  can  only  say,  that 
we  have  some  collodion  before  us,  made  according  to  the 
formula  given  by  DR.  DIAMOND  in.  this  journal,  which  is 
as  ti'ansparent  as  crystal ;  and  having  poured  some  ex- 
perimentally upon  a  piece  of  glass,  have  removed  it  in  a 
most  beautiful  transparent  glassy  film. — ED.  "  N.  &  Q."] 

Travelling  Photographers.  —  As  a  beginner  in  photo- 
graphy, my  attention  has  been  called  to  an  article  on  this 
subject  in  the  last  number  of  the  Photographic  Journal 
which  greatly  discourages  me.  The  writer  boasts  he  has 
never  met  with  a  failure.  So  far  so  good ;  but  then  he 
gravely  tells  us  that  he  takes  only  two  pictures  a  day, 
which  are  as  many  as  any  one  can  properly  develop.  Now 
it  really  does  not  appear  to  me  to  be  worth  the  trouble  of 
making  all  the  preparations  necessary  for  a  photographic 
trip,  to  secure  only  two  pictures.  Is  this  the  average 
number  taken  by  those  who  practise  either  the  calotype 
or  collodion  process?  Novus. 

Photographic  Patents.  —  A  patent  has  recently  been 
granted  to  M.  Duppa  for  rendering  photographs  trans- 
parent, and  for  a  mode  of  colouring  them  on  the  back  of 
the  paper.  The  granting  of  this  patent  has  caused  much 
surprise ;  and  we  beg  to  call  the  attention  of  our  photo- 
graphic friends  to  the  fact,  because  it  appears  that  there 
is  little  variation  in  it  from  processes  already  in  use.  We 
regret  to  see  a  tendency  to  take  out  patents  for  improve- 
ments in  an  art  to  which  many  of  our  ablest  scientific 
men  have  contributed  their  knowledge  without  any 
reserve. 

Photographic  Terms :  Glucose,  Bitumen  of  Judcea.  — 
In  the  Photographic  Journal,  No.  22.,  p.  SO.,  ME.  LYTE 
states  that  Narbonne  honey  is  often  adulterated  with 
glucose.  What  is  the  substance  referred  to  ? 

I  shall  also  feel  obliged  if  some  of  your  readers  will  tell 
me  what  ti:e  Bitumen  of  Judaa  is,  referred  to  in  the  same 
journal  in  the  preceding  article?  IGMOTUS. 

Calotype  Views  of  Interiors.  —  I  have  succeeded  toler- 
ably well  in  obtaining  views  of  interiors  by  collodion, 
but  finding  it  so  inconvenient  to  carry  liquid  chemicals  in 
my  photographic  excursions,  1  am  anxious  to  try  some 
of  the  paper  processes  for  the  same  objects.  Will  any  of 
your  readers  give  me  any  hints  upon  the  subject,  or  in- 
form me  of  the  degree  of  success  which  has  attended  any 
of  their  attempts  in  the  same  direction  ?  M.  N.  S. 


to 

CennicKs  Hymns  (Vol.  x.,  p.  148.).  —  Your 
correspondent  may  like  to  know  more  of  the 
bibliography  of  Cennick's  Hymns  than  you  have 
communicated ;  I  therefore  send  you  a  note  of 
those  in  my  possession  : 

1.  "  Sacred  Hymns  for  the  Children  of  God  and  the 
Days  of  their  Pilgrimage,"  by  J.  C.    Small  8vo.  pp.  220 : 
London:  B.  Milles.    1741. 

This  is,  I  believe,  the  first  hymn-book  published 
by  Cennick  ;  it  bears  only  his  initials,  but  contains 
his  autobiography,  extending  to  pp.  32,  and  only 
to  his  twenty-second  year,  when  he  got  connected 
with  Wesley. 

2.  "  Sacred  Hymns,  as  above,  a  new  collection,  dedi- 
cated to  'Jesus  of  Nazareth.'"      Small  8vo.  pp.   117  : 
London :  Lewis.     N.  d. 

3.  The  same  title.    Part  n.  pp.  196 :  Lewis.  1742. 

4.  "  Sacred  Hymns  for  the  use  of  Religious  Societies." 
Parts  i.  and  n.  square  12mo.   Bristol :  Felix  Farley.   1743. 
Part  in.  uniform :  London :  Hart.    1755. 

5.  "Nunc  Dimittis."      Some  lines  of  the  Rev.   Mr. 
Cennick's,  &c,    1756. 

The  autobiography  of  Cennick,  as  in  No.  1.,  was 
republished  by  him  at  Bristol  in  1745,  and  was, 
with  a  short  addition,  prefixed  to  an  edition  of  his 
Discourses,  published  by  Mark  Wilks  in  1803 ; 
out  of  the  pp.  40  of  this  latter  memoir,  however, 
Cennick's  own  account  of  himself  occupies  pp.  29, 
so  that  an  extended  biography  of  this  worthy 
character  is  still  a  desideratum ;  and  it  is  rather  a 
reflection  upon  the  religious  section  to  which  he 
more  particularly  belonged,  that  the  public  are 
not  better  acquainted  with  John  Cennick  and  his 
labours.  J.  O. 

"Branks"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  154.).  — This  is  still  in 
Scotland  the  name  of  "  a  sort  of  muzzling  bridle." 
It  is  made  of  two  pieces  of  thin  wood,  two  or 
three  inches  broad  and  as  long  as  the  horse's  head 
is  wide  from  back  to  front  just  above  the  mouth ; 
the  two  are  connected  across  the  nose  by  a  piece 
of  pack-thread. 

A  small  cord  like  a  small  bit  is  much  sharper 
and  more  punishing  than  a  large  one.  At  the 
back  a  rope  is  made  fast  to  one  and  run  through 
the  other,  so  that  when  this  rope  or  halter  is  pulled 
upon,  it  draws  the  branks  together  and  pinches 
the  horse's  muzzle.  The  word  "  branks "  is  not 
here  used  for  any  part  of  a  collar.  Collars  are 
called  brakums,  written  here  as  it  is  pronounced. 

J.  P.  A. 

Raphael's  Cartoons  (Vol.x.,  pp.  45.  152.  189.). 
—  The  presumption  of  M.  H.  that  the  seven 
apostles  had  sent  word  to  the  other  four,  who 
were  most  conveniently  within  immediate  call,  is 
not  at  all  "  warranted  by  Scripture."  If  such" 
licenses  were  once  admitted,  we  might  summon 
and  dismiss  persons  as  it  suited  our  purpose  ad 
libitum.  The  Gospel  records  seven  apostles  only 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  258. 


as  present  on  this  occasion ;  we  have  no  right  to 
presume  anything  farther ;  the  rest  may  have  been 
miles  off,  just  as  probably  as  within  immediate 
call.  Granting  that  St.  Peter's  holding  the  keys 
is  purely  emblematical,  why  should  they  be  intro- 
duced on  this  occasion  ?  The  sheep  illustrate  the 
commission  then  given  ;  but  the  keys  are  out  of 
place,  unless  the  artist  intended  to  combine  two 
events  in  one  picture.  F.  C.  H. 

Of  the  original  set  of  twelve  cartoons  painted 
by  Raphael,  seven  are  in  the  palace  at  Hampton 
Court.  Can  any  of  your  readers  furnish  informa- 
tion respecting  the  history  of  the  remaining  five  ? 
There  are  two  cartoons  in  Boughton  House, 
Northamptonshire  (a  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Buc- 
cleugh),  which  are  fully  believed  by  many  to  be 
Raphael's,  but  from  an  expression  in  Whalley's 
History  of  Northamptonshire,  p.  820.,  it  seems  to 
be  a  matter  of  doubt.  W.  H. 

Chinese  Proverbs  (Vol.  x.,  pp.46.  175.).  —  By 
the  kindness  of  Messrs.  Hewitt  &  Co.,  Fenchurch 
Street,  I  have  obtained  a  list  of  the  Chinese 
proverbs  which  were  in  the  Great  Exhibition  of 
1851.  As  they  appear  to  be  unknown  to  some  of 
your  readers,  perhaps  they  will  be  worthy  of  a 
place  in  "  N.  &  Q." 

"  Let  every  man  sweep  the  snow  from  before  his  own 
door,  and  not  busy  himself  about  the  frost  on  his  neigh- 
bour's tiles." 

"  Great  wealth  comes  by  destiny ;  moderate  wealth  by 
industry." 

"  The  ripest  fruit  will  not  fall  into  your  mouth." 

"  The  pleasure  of  doing  good  is  the  only  one  which  does 
not  wear  out." 

"  Dig  a  well  before  you  are  thirsty." 

"  Water  does  not  remain  on  the  mountain,  nor  ven- 
geance in  a  great  mind." 

F.  M.  MlDDLETON. 

Long  Sir  Thomas  Robinson  (Vol.  x.,  p.  164.). 
—  The  anecdote  is  thus  related  in  the  notes  to 
the  lines  in  Churchill's  "  Ghost : " 

"  Till  how  he  did  a  dukedom  gain, 
And  Robinson  was  Aquitain?  " 

"At  the  last  coronation  the  Duke  of  Normandy,  not 
Aquitain,  was  represented  by  Sir  Thomas  Robinson,  a 
Yorkshire  baronet,  more  generally  known  as  '  Long  Sir 
Thomas,'  on  account  of  his  uncommon  height  of  stature ; 
in  allusion  to  which  the  following  happy  epigram  was 
written : 

'  Unlike  to  Robinson  shall  be  my  song, 
It  shall  be  witty,  and  it  shan't  be  long.' 

A  ludicrous  anecdote  is  related  of  the  introduction  of  Sir 
Thomas  to  a  Russian  nobleman,  who  persuaded  himself 
that  he  was  addressing  no  less  a  character  than  Robinson 
Crusoe.  Sir  Thomas  was  a  specious  empty  man,  and  a 
great  pest  to  persons  of  high  rank  or  in  office.  He  was 
very  troublesome  to  the  Earl  of  Burlington,  and  when  in 
his  visits  to  him  he  was  told  that  his  lordship  was  gone 
out,  would  desire  to  be  admitted  to  look  at  the  clock,  or 
to  play  with  a  monkey  that  was  kept  in  the  hall,  in  hopes 
of  being  sent  for  in  to  the  earl.  This  he  has  so  frequently 


done  that  all  in  the  house  were  tired  of  him.  At  length 
it  was  concerted  among  the  servants  that  he  should  re- 
ceive a  summary  answer  to  his  usual  questions ;  and  ac- 
cordingly at  his  next  coming,  the  porter,  as  soon  as  he 
had  opened  the  gate,  and  without  waiting  for  what  he 
had  to  say,  dismissed  him  with  these  words :  '  Sir,  his 
lordship  is  gone  out,  the  clock  stands,  and  the  monkey  is 
dead.'  "  —  Churchill's  Poetical  Works,  1804,  vol.  ii.  p.  183. 
WILLIAM  FRASER,  B.C.L. 
Alton,  Staffordshire. 

"  Cultivermonjardin"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  166.).  — The 
equivalence  of  this  phrase  and  the  otium  cum  dig- 
nitate  may  be  illustrated  by  the  rendering  of  the 
latter  which  was  customary  with  an  Irish  wit  of 
the  last  generation.  His  garden  was  his  favourite 
relaxation  after  the  labours  of  high  legal  office. 
He  called  it  his  otium  cum  diggin-a-pitate,  B. 

Love  (Vol.  x.,  p.  206.).  —  In  reply  to  F.  S.  A., 
I  may  mention  that  love  was  a  ribbon  with  which 
cloaks  and  other  articles  of  dress  were  trimmed. 
It  was  worn,  I  believe,  chiefly  when  in  mourning. 

W.  T.  T. 

Ipswich. 

Dollond's  Telescopes  (Vol.  x.,  p.  196.).  — The 
name  Dollond,  as  given  to  a  telescope,  is  not 
altogether  a  joke.  When  Dollond  introduced  the 
achromatic  lens,  it  became  customary  to  call 
achromatic  telescopes  Dollonds,  to  distinguish 
them  from  others.  Very  soon  none  but  achro- 
matic telescopes  were  to  be  found.  M. 

Great  Events  from  little  Causes  (Vol.  x., 
p.  202.).  —  W.  Seward  mentions  a  French  book 
of  this  argument  (as  it  would  once  have  been 
called)  by  M.  Richer.  Perhaps  the  subject  is  not 
a  very  wise  one;  a  pair  of  gloves,  or  a  wet  gown, 
may  give  rise  to  a  treaty,  but  there  must  be  many 
greater  causes  in  readiness  to  act.  An  accidental 
spark  may  blow  up  a  fortress,  but  what  should  we 
say  to  the  person  who  wrote  a  book  on  the  spark, 
and  forgot  the  gunpowder. 

In  progressive  matters  the  tracing  of  great 
things  from  small  accidents  is  legitimate  and  in- 
teresting. Given  a  chain  of  events  (and  that  not 
yet  complete),  with  the  twitching  of  a  frog's  leg 
at  one  end,  and  the  European  telegraph  at  the 
other ;  beat  that  in  history  if  you  can.  M. 

Leases  (Vol.  x.,  p.  31.). —I  believe  the  true 
answer  to  the  inquiry  is  as  follows.  Lessees  and 
mortgagees  in  possession  for  terms  of  100  or  1000 
years,  frequently  demise  the  whole  or  a  part  of 
the  property  at  a  rent,  retaining  a  reversion  of 
the  last  year  of  the  original  term.  This  is  stipu- 
lated for  by  under-lessees  to  prevent  their  be- 
coming bound  to  the  performance  of  the  tenants' 
covenants  contained  in  the  original  lease  ;  and  it 
was  formerly  necessary  to  the  recovery  of  the 
reserved  rent  by  distress,  that  a  reversionary  in- 
terest should  remain  in  the  person  to  whom  the 


OCT.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


rent  was  payable.  Reversions  of  three  days,  or 
of  a  single  day,  are  for  these  reasons  commonly 
reserved  on  the  grant  of  derivative  terms ;  but 
out  of  terms  of  100  or  1000  years,  the  last  year 
was,  and  commonly  is,  retained. 

Careless  and  ignorant  practitioners  followed 
these  forms  of  demise  in  cases  where  the  reason 
for  them  did  not  exist,  until  terms  of  99  and  999 
years  grew  into  a  custom,  confirmed  by  that  ready 
adoption  which  anything  mystic  in  connexion 
with  law  is  sure  to  receive  from  many  members 
of  the  profession  itself,  and  from  almost  everybody 
out  of  it. 

Again,  restraints  upon  the  demise  of  lands  be- 
longing to  corporations  or  ecclesiastical  persons 
for  long  terms,  such  as  100  years,  to  the  impo- 
verishment of  their  successors,  naturally  esta- 
blished terms  just  within  the  prohibited  periods, 
and  terms  of  99  years  accordingly  acquired  the 
sanction  of  ordinary  usage,  and  even  of  parlia- 
mentary adoption.  H.  BARBER. 

The  Fashion  of  Brittany  (Vol.  x.,  p.  146.).  — 
In  reply  to  the  Query  of  UNEDA,  I  beg  to  state 
that  the  son  or  daughter  of  my  father's  or  mother's 
uncle  or  aunt,  is  by  courtesy  my  uncle  or  aunt, 
"  a  la  mode  de  Bretagne ; "  and  they  are  invariably 
so  styled  in  Brittany.  It  seems  natural  for  a  child 
to  look  upon  the  son  of  his  father's  uncle  as  his 
own  uncle.  This  may  be  the  origin  of  the 
custom.  T.  L.  MANSELL. 

Guernsey. 

"  Thee  "  and  "thou  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  61.).  —  With- 
out differing  from  MR.  BREEN  as  to  the  gram- 
matical proprieties  of  either  of  these  words,  it  is 
yet  to  be  observed  that  whenever  a  phrase  is  used 
as  illustrative  of  the  vernacular  language  of  any 
portion  of  society,  it  must  be  identical  with  what 
the  parties  so  intended  to  be  illustrated  actually 
employ.  It  is  probable  that  Southey  wrote  under 
this  view ;  for  it  is  a  fact  that  in  this  country 
(America)  at  least,  the  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  habitually  and  almost  universally  employ 
the  word  "  thee"  as  if  it  were  a  nominative  case  ; 
and  this  not  only  in  parlance  but  in  writing.  The 
exceptions  to  this  habit  can  hardly  date  back 
farther  than  twenty  years ;  though  within  my 
own  observation  during  that  period,  they  appear 
to  be  rather  on  the  increase.  I.  H.  A. 

Baltimore,  U.  S. 

I  would  suggest  to  MR.  BREEN  that  Thorpe  and 
Southey  use  words  differing  in  meaning  as  well  as 
form.  Thorpe,  by  "thouing"  a  man,  meant  to 
indicate  the  familiar  address  in  the  second  person 
singular,  indicative  of  an  unrestrained  intimacy. 
Southey,  by  "  theeing  his  neighbours,"  meant  the 
adoption  of  the  ungrammatical  phraseology  which 
has  either  grown  up  among  the  Quakers,  or  been 
handed  down  by  them  from  their  not  over-refined 


or  well-educated  leader.  "  Thee  knows  thee  does  " 
is  a  mode  of  speech  quite  different  from  "  Thou 
knowest  that  thou  dost."  The  latter  would  be 
indicated  by  "  lowing."  The  former  requires 
something  to  distinguish  it,  and  that  is  sufficiently 
done  by  Southey's  expressive  word.  W. 

That  the  former  of  these  is  the  more  correct 
phrase,  we  have  the  authority  of  Shakspeare : 

"  If  thou  tfiouest  him  some  thrice,  it  shall  not  be  amiss." 
Twelfth  Night,  Act  III.  Sc.  2. 

In  French  is  a  word  exactly  corresponding:  tutoyer. 

"  II  tutoye  en  parlant  ceux  de  plus  haut  e"tage, 
Et  le  nom  de  Monsieur  est  pour  lui  hors  d'usage." 

(In  speaking  he  thou's  and  thee's  men  of  the  highest 
rank,  and  the  name  of  Sir  is  with  him  out  of  use.) 

C.H.(1) 

Marriage  Custom  (Vol.  x.,  p.  180.).  —  In  reply 
to  A  CONSTANT  READER,  I  beg  to  inform  him  that 
it  is  still  customary  at  Hope  Church,  in  Derby- 
shire, on  the  publication  of  banns,  as  well  as  at 
the  solemnisation  of  marriage,  for  the  clerk  to  call 
out  aloud  "  God  speed  you  well !  "  and  which  he 
invariably  pronounces  in  broad  Derbyshire  patois, 
"  God  speed  you  weel .'"  JOHN  ALGOB. 

Eldon  Street,  Sheffield. 

Elstob  Family  (Vol.  Hi.,  p.  497. ;  Vol.  ix., 
pp.  200.  553.;  Vol.  x.,  p.  17.).  —  Your  corre- 
spondents who  inquire  for  particulars  of  the 
Elstob  family  are  referred  to  the  — 

"  Reprints  of  Eare  Tracts,  and  Imprints  of  Ancient 
Manuscripts,  &c.,  chiefly  illustrative  of  the  History  of  the 
Northern  Counties,  and  printed  at  the  Press  of  M.  A.  Ei- 
chardson,  Newcastle,  1847." 

One  tract  is  a  "  Memoir  of  William  and  Eliza- 
beth Elstob,  the  learned  Saxonists,"  and  contains 
considerable  information  relating  to  various  mem- 
bers of  the  family,  and  a  few  references  where 
probably  additional  information  may  be  obtained. 
Another  tract,  "  Scholar  Novocastrensis  Alumni," 
contains  a  very  brief  memoir  of  William  Elstob. 

CERVUS. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,    ETC. 

We  have  received  from  Messrs.  Williams  &  Norgafe 
a  volume  of  considerable  interest,  for  which  we  are  in- 
debted to  the  editorial  skill  of  Professor  Von  der  Hagen, 
who  has  already  done  so  much  for  early  German  literature. 
It  is  entitled  Ludwig  des  Frommen  Kreuzfahrt.  Heldenge- 
dicht  der  Belagerung  vein  Akon  am  ende  des  12ten  JaJtrhun- 
derts.  It  is  printed  from  the  only  known  MS. ;  and  the 
Professor  speaks  of  it,  and  justly,  as  well  deserving  atten- 
tion for  its  rhythmical  peculiarities,  its  general  contents, 
and  its  connexion  with  the  other  romances  of  the  Crusade 
cycle.  On  these  subjects,  Professor  Von  der  Hagen's  In- 
troduction contains  much  curious  and  interesting  mat- 
ter, and  the  volume  altogether  must  be  regarded  as  a 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  258. 


praiseworthy  contribution  to  the  history  and  literature  of 
the  period. 

While  on  the  subject  of  early  literature,  we  may  refer 
to  two  important  additions  which  Hoffman  von  Fallers- 
leben  has  just  made  to  his  valuable  collections,  entitled 
Horte  Belgicce,  collections  which  are  no  doubt  well  known 
to  such  of  our  readers  as  take  an  interest  in  the  language 
and  literature  of  Old  Flanders — and  how  interesting  these 
must  be  to  students  of  old  English  literature,  we  need  not 
stop  to  insist  upon.  The  Ninth  Part  of  the  Horce  Belyicce 
consists  of  Niederlandische  Geistliche  Lieder  des  XV 
Jahrhunderts,  which  is  worth  the  notice  of  those  who  are 
studying  our  own  early  spiritual  songs  and  carols.  Part 
}L,  on  the  other  hand,  addresses  itself  to  those  who  like 
old  proverbs,  containing  as  it  does,  Altniederlandische 
Sprichworter  nach  der  altesten  Sammlung,  §-c.  We  earnestly 
recommend  those  who  possess  the  former  portions  of  the 
Hor<e  Belgicce  to  secure  copies  of  these  new  issues. 

Mr.  Bonn  having  determined  to  include  an  edition  of 
Burke's  Works  in  his  Series  of  British  Classics,  has  com- 
menced it  by  a  new  edition  of  Mr.  Prior's  Life  of  the 
Sight  Honorable  Edmund  Burke ;  which,  as  we  learn  from 
Mr.  Prior's  new  preface,  "has  undergone  careful  revision ; " 
but  we  are  sorry  to  say  that  revision  does  not  seem  to 
have  cleared  up  the  mysteries  in  Burke's  private  history, 
which  were  so  forcibly  pointed  out  in  The  Athenaeum  some 
few  months  since.  We  wish  some  of  our  readers  who  are 
familiar  with  the  history  and  literature  of  Burke's  own 
time,  would  turn  to  those  articles,  and  see  what  they  can 
do  towards  solving  the  many  queries  therein  propounded. 

Part  X.,  which  commences  the  Second  Volume  of 
Smith's  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Geography,  ex- 
tending from  Jabadius  to  Laconia,  is  now  before  us ; 
and  as  it  includes  Jerusalem  and  Italia,  we  may  well 
speak  of  it  as  one  of  the  most  instructive  Numbers  of  this 
most  instructive  of  dictionaries. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

FIVE  YEARS  AT  ST.  SAVIOUR'S,  LEEDS. 

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Age 
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22  - 


t.  i.  d.  j 

-  1  14     4  I 

-  1  18    8 


Age 
32- 
37  - 
42- 


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-  2  10    8 

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having  carefully  examined  the  Hoyal  Piano- 
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MAINE 8:  CO., have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
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E.  Rocket,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Tcmplcton,  F.  We- 
lier,  II.  Wcstrop,  T.  II.  AV right,  '  !tc. 
D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  JO.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  258. 


0f 


ANCIENT  AND  MODERN  : 


ENGRAVINGS 


THE  PRIVATE  COLLECTIONS  OF  PICTURES  OF  HER  MOST  GRACIOUS  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN  AND 
HIS  ROYAL  HIGHNESS  PRINCE  ALBERT,  AND  THE  ART  HEIRLOOMS  OF  THE  CROWN,  AT 
WINDSOR  CASTLE,  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE,  AND  OSBORNE. 

EDITED  BY  S.  C.  HALL.  F.S.A.,  lie. 

THIS  Work  consists  of  a  Series  of  Engravings  from  Pictures,  either  the  private  acquisitions  of  Her  Most  Gracious  Majesty  the  Queen  and  His 
Royal  Highness  the  Prince  Consort,  or  heirlooms  of  the  Crown,  obtained  from  time  to  time  by  respective  British  Sovereigns. 

From  the  very  extensive  Collections  at  Windsor  Castle,  Buckingham  Palace,  and  Osborne,  Her  Majesty  and  His  Koyal  Highness  Prince 
Albert  have  graciously  permitted  a  selection  to  be  made— comprising  the  choicest  Works  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Schools  :  such  selected  pictures 
to  be  engraved  and  published  in  the  form  in  which  they  are  here  presented  to  the  Public. 

The  Series  is,  therefore,  issued  under  the  direct  sanction  and  immediate  Patronage  of  Her  Majesty  and  His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert; 
and  is  to  them  Dedicated  by  special  permission. 

This  grace  has  been  accorded  in  order  that  acquaintance  with  the  best  productions  of  the  best  Masters  may  influence  and  improve  public  taste  : 
and  that  the  advantages  which  Art  is  designed  and  calculated  to  confer  generally,  may  be  largely  spread —that,  in  short,  all  classes  may,  as  far  as 
possible,  participate  m  the  enjoyment  and  instruction  Her  Majesty  and  Her  Royal  Consort  derive  from  the  Works  they  have  collected,  or  that 
were  bequeathed  to  them,  and  which  form  the  cherished  treasures  of  their  several  Homes. 

The  Collections  at  Buckingham  Palace  and  at  Windsor  Castle  are  to  some  extent  known  ;  many  of  them  being  rare  and  valuable  heirlooms  of 
the  Crown.  At  Buckingham  Palace  are  famous  examples  of  the  Dutch  and  Flemish  Schools,  unsurpassed  in  Europe  ;  and  at  Windsor  Castle  are 
the  beautiful  productions  of  the  Italian  Schools.—together  with  the  renowned  Vandykes,  and  the  choicest  of  the  Works  of  Rubens,  in  the  salons 
named  after  these  great  Masters. 

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THE  FOLLOWING  PICTURES  ARE   IN  THE   HANDS   OF   THE   ENGRAVERS  : 


The  Virgin  Mother,  by  W.  DYCE,  R.  A. 

The  Royal  Yacht  off  Mount  St.  Michael,  by 

C.  STAXFIF.LD,  R.A. 
Gnvrick  and  his  Wife,  by  HOGARTH. 
The  First- Born,  by  VAN  LERIUS. 
The    Duchess  of  Devonshire   and   Child,  by 

REYNOLDS,  P.R. A. 
TTndine,  by  D.  MACMSB,  R.A. 
The    Fountain  —  Madrid,    by    D.    ROBERTS, 

R.A. 

Anointing  the  Feet  of  Christ,  by  ROBENS. 
The  Vi*it  to  the  Nun,  by  SIR  C.  EASTLAKE, 

P.R.A. 

The  Battle  of  Meanee,  by  E.  ARMITAGE. 
The  Madonna,  by  CARLO  DOLCS- 
The  Young  Sea-Fishers,  by  AV.  COLLINS,  R.A. 
The  FJte  Champt-tre,  by  PATER. 
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WILKIE,  R.A. 
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P.R.A. 

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The  Windmill,  by  RUYSDAEL. 
The  Infant  Christ,  by  C.  MARATTI. 
L'Allegro,  by  W.  E.  FROST,  A. R.A. 
GentJvieve  of  Brabant,  by  THE  BARON  WAP- 

The  Rustic  Fete,  by  TENIERS. 

St.  Catherine,  by  GTIDO. 

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The    Seraglio,    Constantinople,    by   DANBY, 

A.R.  A. 

The  Angel  at  the  Sepulchre,  by  RF.MBRANDT. 
King    AVilliam    IV.     opening    New    London 

Bridge,  by  C.  STANFTEI.D,  R.A. 
Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  by  VANDYCK. 
Abundance,  by  VAN  EYCKEN. 
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ALLAN,  R.A. 


The     Home-Expected,    by    AV.   MCLREADS 

R.A. 
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Miriam,  by  HERSEL. 

Srenc  in  Norway,  by  LE». 

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The  Homestead,  by  P.  POTTER. 

The  AV'ise  Men  Journeying,  by  ATARREN. 

Ischia,  by  G.  E.  HERING. 

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Sea-Craft,  by  VAN  DER  VELDK. 

The  Trumpeter,  by  AVOUYKRMANS. 

Bny  Blowing  Bubbles,  by  MIEUIS. 

Ariel,  by  II.  J.  TOWN-SEND. 

The  Declaration,  by  .1.  JKNKINS. 

The  Promenade,  by  JOTSUJI. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

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FOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 


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No.  259.] 


SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  14.  1854. 


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CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

Earliest  Mention  of  "the  Ballot"          -    297 

Popiana  :  —  "  The  Dunciad  "  —  Pope's 
Memorial  to  his  Mother  -  -  299 

The  Masters  of  St.  Cross,  by  Henry  Ed- 
wards   299 

Words  and  Phrases  common  atPolperro 
in  Cornwall,  but  not  usual  elsewhere  300 

Mrs.  Stowe's  "  Sunny  Memories  in 
Foreign  Lands,"  by  Edward  J.  Sage, 
&c. 302 

"  The  Leather  Bottel,' '  by  John  Dixou  -    303 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Constantinople  and 
the  Crimea  —  Mortality  in  August  — 
Fillibusterism— Haberdasher— Charles 
the  First  at  Oxford  —  Paper  by  Nelson 
_  Pulci's  Alliteration— "  Better  suffer 
than  revenge "  -  -  -  303 

QUERIES  :  — 

Lordships  Marchers  in  Wales,  by  Geo. 
Ormerod  -  -  -  -  -  305 

MINOR    QUERIES  :— Fir-trees  and  Oaks 

—  Phipps— Melodrama  by  Lord  Byron 

—  "An    Officer   and    a   Gentleman" 

—  Army   Precedence  —  Curiosities   of 
Bible  Literature  —  Standard-bearer  of 
the    Conqueror  —  White    Slavery  — 
Whistling    for   the    Wind -Anony- 
mous   Works  —  Brass    in    Boxford 
Church— Stockten  Hall —Bishop,  Re- 
ference to  —  Worrall  Family  —  Her- 
mitage of  Merchingbye—Were  Cannon 
used  at  Creey  ?  —  Curious  Ceremony  at 
Queen's  College,  Oxford— Van  Tromp's 
Watch  —  Dedication     of     Avington 
Church  —  The  Lord  of  Vryhouven  of 
Holland 305 

Carolus  AntoniusaPuteo  —  "  Affiers," 
Alefounders  —  Fenton's  Notes  on 
Milton  — Kins  John's  Palace  — Tra- 
jan's Palace  — St.  Edward's  Oak — 
Bibliographical  Queries  —  Sir  John 
Perrott  —  "  A  fair  island  Seat  "  -  307 

REPLIES  :  — 

Inscriptions  in  Books        -  309 

Longfellow's  Originality  -  -  -    309 

Sonnet  by  Blanco  White,  by  Rev.  Henry 

Walter       -          -          -          -  -    311 

The  Highlands  of  Scotland  and  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago  -  -  -  312 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  He- 
liosrraphic  Engraving— Buckle's  Brush 

—  Sugar  of  Milk  and  Grape  Sugar  ; 
Bichloride  of  Mercury    -          -          -    313 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :—  Bio- 
graphics  of  Living  Authors  — Forensic 
Jocularities  —  Tiplers  —  "  Credo,  Do- 
mine,"  &c.  —  Stanzas  in  "  Childe 
Harold  "  —  "  Rule  Britannia  "  —  No- 

—  Uniform   of   the   Army  —  Scarlet, 
how  long  used  in  the  Army  —  "  That 
will  be  a  feather  in  his  cap"  —  Napo- 
leon's Spelling,  &c.         -  313 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.          -          -  -    316 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL,  X— No.  259. 


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perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  v)oudoir.ordrawinsf-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Klew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.F.  Ilass£, 
J.  L.  Hatton.  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  O.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery.  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry, H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Hur.bault,  Frank  Komer,  G.  II.  Kodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,^'  &c. 
D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 

TWO    THOUSAND    POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  lor  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.    The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  one.    Thousands  have 
experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy.    Bottles, 
2d.  (W. ;   double  size,  4*.  txl. ;   7i.  6d.  equal  to 
4  small;    11s.   to   6  small;    21s.  to  13  small. 
The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever  invented. 
SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 
BEETHAM'S  yEGETABLE   EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.    Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty   and   hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  ond  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  (x/.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETI1AM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Stree* : 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork;  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Strtet.  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,BROTHEKS,  Glasgow  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street  ;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOOKE,  Bond  Street ;  11AN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street ;  London.  All 
Chtmists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

1\.    CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 
PORTMANTEATTS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 

Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DKESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites. Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  tree  by 
1'ost  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  St  T.  ALLEN.  18  S  22.  We«t  Strand. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

DU     BARRYS    DELICIOUS 
rT7Pr!l?yAL?-NTA     ARABICA     FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation, 
and  diarrhrea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness, and  liver  comolaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headache?,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceache,  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  cough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude^ sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pt- 
ralysis,  tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood, 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It,  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  inf-nts  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  dizestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CACTIOX  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1854,  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Fcod." 

BARHY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  0/50,000  Cures: 
Cure  No.  71.,  of  dyspepsia,  from  the  Right 
Hon.  the  Lord  Stuart  de  Decies : — "I  have 
derived  considerable  benefit  from  Du  Barry's 
Revulenta  Arabica  Food,  and  consider  it  due 
to  yourselves  and  the  public  to  authorise  the 
publication  of  these  lines."  —  STUART  DE 
DECIES. 

Cure  No.  49.S32 :-"  Fifty  years'  indescribable 
agony  from  dyspepsia,  nervousnses,  asthma, 
cough,  constipation,  flatulency,  spasms,  sick- 
ness at  the  stomach  and  vomiting,  have  been 
removed  by  Du  Barry's  excellent  food."  — 
MARIA  JOLLY,  Wortham  Ling,  near  Diss, 
Norfolk. 

Cure  No.  52,422  :  —  "  I  have  suffered  these 
thirty-three  years  continually  from  diseased 
lungs,  spitting  of  blood,  liver  derangement, 
deafness,  sinking  in  the  cars,  constipation, 
debility,  shortness  of  breath  and  cough  :  and 
during  that  period  taken  so  much  medicine, 
that  I  can  safely  say  I  have  laid  out  upwards 
of  a  thousand  pounds  with  the  chemists  and 
doctors.  I  have  actually  worn  out  two  medical 
men  during  my  ailments,  without  finding  any 
improvement  in  my  health.  Indeed  I  was  in 
utter  despair,  and  never  expected  to  get  over 
it,  when  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  become 
acquainted  with  your  Fevalenta  Arabica  ; 
which,  Heaven  be  praised,  restored  me  to  a, 
state  of  health  which  I  long  since  despaired  of 
attaining.  My  lungs,  liver,  stomach,  head, 
and  ears,  are  all  right,  my  hearing  perfect,  and 
my  recovery  is  a  marvel  to  all  my  acquaint- 
ances. I  am,  respectfully, 

"  JAMES  ROIIEHTS. 

"  Bridgehouse,  Frimley,  April  3, 1854." 
Cure  No.  180  :  —  "  Twenty-five  years'  ner- 
vousness, constipation,  indigestion,  ar.d  de- 
bility.from  whichl  ha vesuffurtd great  misery, 
and  which  no  medicine  could  remove  or  re- 
lieve, have  been  effectually  cured  by  Du 
Barry's  Food  in  a  very  short  time."  —  W.  R. 
REEVES,  Pool  Anthony,  Tiverton. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lib.,  -2s. 
9rf.;  21b..  4s.  6(1.  ;  5',b.,  lls. ;  121b.,22s.  ;  super- 
refined,  lib.,  6s., ;  21b..  Us.  ;  51b.,22.<.  ;  lltlb., 
3:«.  The  lolb.  and  1211).  carriage  free,  en  post- 
office  order.  Barry,  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77. 
Regent  Street,  London  ;  Fortnum,  Mason,  & 
Co  ,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
also  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street  ;  330.  Strand  ;  of 
Barclay,  Edwiirds,  Sutton,  Sangrr,  Hannay, 
New  berry,  slid  may  be  ordered  throuzh  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers,  Grocers,  aud  Chemists. 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  14,  1854. 


EARLIEST    MENTION    OF    "  THE    BALLOT." 

On  looking  over  some  family  papers,  a  few 
days  ago,  P.  C.  S.  S.  found  an  interesting  letter 
from  Mr.  Egerton  (apparently  an  Essex  gentle- 
man) to  his  friend  Mr.  E,.  Browne,  of  Great  Chart, 
near  Ashford  in  Kent.  The  letter  does  not  bear 
the  date  of  the  year  in  which  it  was  written  ;  but 
from  the  mention  made  therein  of  the  Dutch  Com- 
missioners to  confer  with  the  East  India  Company, 
it  must  have  been  in  one  of  the  latter  years  of 
King  James  I.,  as  it  appears  from  Sir  Dudley 
Carleton's  letters  that  the  Commissioners  re- 
turned to  Holland  in  1619.  The  letter  is  curious, 
as  containing  perhaps  the  earliest  mention  of  the 
ballot,  of  which  we  have  heard  so  much,  and  may 
probably  hear  more.  Notwithstanding  the  im- 
partiality in  matters  of  election  which  it  is  sup- 
posed to  insure,  it  would  seem  that,  on  this 
•occasion,  the  royal  influence  over  the  East  India 
Company  was  dextrously  and  successfully  exerted 
on  behalf  of  Sir  Thomas  Smythe,  who  enjoyed  a 
large  share  of  his  Majesty's  favour.  He  was  uncle 
to  the  first  Viscount  Strangford,  and  (as  well 
before  as  after  his  return  from  his  embassy  to 
Russia  in  1604),  filled  many  important  public 
employments,  connected  more  especially  with 
the  trade  and  navigation  of  these  realms.  His 
monument,  at  Sutton-at-Hone,  in  Kent,  where  he 
died  in  1621,  records  his  long  and  meritorious 
services  in  a  singularly  quaint  and  amusing  (if  not 
very  poetical)  inscription.  This  branch  of  the 
Smythe  family  became  extinct  on  the  death,  in 
1778,  of  Sir  Sydney  Stafford  Smythe,  Chief  Baron 
of  the  Exchequer. 

While  on  the  subject  of  the  ballot,  P.  C.  S.  S. 
may  perhaps  be  allowed  to  mention,  that  Mr. 
Egerton's  letter,  now  cited,  is  in  direct  contradic- 
tion to  the  statement  made  by  Toland,  in  his 
edition  of  the  Works  of  Harrington,  the  author  of 
2'he  Oceana  (folio,  London,  1700),  who  attributes 
to  Harrington  the  merit  (?)  of  having  invented  or 
introduced  that  contrivance  for  securing  the  safety 
and  freedom  of  election  ;  whereas  it  is  clear,  from 
Egerton's  letter,  that  it  had  been  practised  at  least 
forty  years  before.  The  words  of  Toland  are 
remarkable  : 

"  To  aid  the  propagation  of  his  theory,  he  established, 
in  1659,  a  political  debating  society  called  the  Rota,  which 
met  nightly  at  Miles's  Coffee  House  in  New  Palace  Yard, 
Westminster.  Their  debates  were  spirited,  and  the  sense 
of  the  meeting  was  taken  by  ballot ;  which  mode  being 
first  invented  or  introduced  by  them,  drew  crowds  to  the 
room  every  evening.  This  society  was  dissolved  at  the 
Restoration ;  and  Harrington,  having  rendered  himself 


obnoxious  by  his  anti-monarchical  principles,  was  ar- 
rested," £c. 

See  also  Birch,  and  Wood's  Athence.       P.  C.  S.  S. 

"  IMMANUEL. 

"  Being  now  shortly  to  goe  into  the  country, 
where  1  shalbe  more  remote  fro  you,  and  have 
lesse  occasion  to  write  unto  you,  I  thought  good 
by  theis  few  lynes  to  salute  you.  The  best  newes 
I  ca  write  you  is,  yl  it  pleaseth  God  to  continue  in 
a  gracious  measure,  health  to  or  cittie,  prsh,  and 
family.  I  humbly  beseech  hi  to  give  us  grace 
wel  to  impve  and  imploy  or  health,  and  so  teach 
us  to  numb*  or  dayes,  y*  wee  may  apply  OT  heartes 
unto  wisdome.  I  was  on  Fryday  last  in  the 
afternoo",  at  Marchant  Taylo™  Hall,  where  was 
a  grail  meetinge  of  the  East  Indian  Company  about 
the  choyce  of  new  Officers,  according  to  their 
annuall  custome.  It  should  seeme  that  some 
thought  to  have  made  a  band  or  canvas  (as  they 
call  it  in  Cambge)  to  have  turned  out  Sr  Thomas 
Smyth.  For  the  balloting-box  was  brought,  and 
the  matter  like  to  bee  put  to  y*  kind  of  tryall  wch 
is  a  kind  of  Lottery.  But  there  were  present 
some  of  the  privie  Counsel,  as  the  Earle  of  South- 
ampto,  my  Lo.  Derby,  and  Sr  Tho.  Edmonds, 
besides  the  Lord  Cavendish,  Sr  Duddley  Digges, 
&c.  Sir  Tho.  signifyed  the  Kinge's  desire  that 
there  might  bee  as  little  change  of  officers  at  the 
tyme  as  could  bee.  Especially  the  Lord  Digby 
as  by  commandmet  fro  the  Kinge  signifyed  that 
his  Matie  delighted  not  in  change  of  his  antient 
officers  :  that  he  was  now  a  old  King,  and  loved 
not  to  have  new  faces  repaire  unto  hi  (insinuating 
after  a  sorte  his  Mtie"  atlectio  to  Sr  Tho.  Smyth), 
and  besides,  y*  there  were  now  new  deputies  or 
commission™  come  or  comin«e  ovr  fro  the  States 
to  make  a  tinall  conclusio  about  their  trafiick  into 
those  paries,  wth  \veh  Commission"  and  busines 
theis  old  officers  are  best  acquainted  and  most 
expert ;  and  therefore  his  Matie  wthout  prjudice  to 
their  free  electio  thought  yei  should  do  wel  to 
continue  the  for  this  one  yeare.  This  speech  was 
seconded  by.'  Sr  Tho.  Edmonds  and  Sr  Duddley 
Digges,  a  very  .pp  and  wel  spoke  gentlema.  This 
request  (as  it  were)  of  his  Matie  seemed  very 
reasonable  (as  I  thought)  in  the  eares  of  the  most 
reasonable  and  greatest  nubr  of  the  Assembly,  wch 
was  greate ;  so  that  whe  it  came  to  hands,  it  was 
caryed  clearly  \vth  Sr  Tho.  Smyth  for  this  yeare  : 
and  for  the  next  yeare,  Alderma  Hallyday  is 
chosen.  It  was  my  happ  to  sitt  by  Mr  Eldred, 
whoe  gave  me  cold  comfort,  for  he  sayd  he  thought 
that  the  trade  was  decayed,  and  would  come  to 
nothing,  by  reason  of  the  excessive  charge  yei 
were  at,  wch  would  eate  out  all  the  gaine  :  yet  I 
do  not  heare  others  say  soe,  who  in  reason  should 
see  as  much  as  hee  into  the  busines.  I  saw  Mr 
C'arr  there,  whome  I  had  thought  to  have  asked 
his  opiuio ;  but  I  thinke  I  shall  not  speake  wth  hi 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  259. 


before  I  goe  into  Essex.  Goinge  to  Mr  Goughes 
bowse  to-day,'  I  found  Mr  Rogers  and  hi  together, 
•who  both  very  kindly  remebred  you.  Thus,  wth 
my  verie  heartie  salutacons,  and  my  wive's,  and 
or  pray"  to  God  for  his  blessinge  upo  you  and  y", 
I  rest 

"  Yor  loving  friend  in  the  Lord 
much  bounden, 

"  J.  EGERTON. 
"  7°  Julii. 

"  To  the  right  wor11  and 

my  ap:pved  frend, 

Mr  Richard  Browne, 

at  Great  Charte, 

nere 
Ashford." 


"  The  Dunciad."  —  As  I  have  no  faith  in  the 
existence  of  the  alleged  jl?»e,  or  rather  seven,  "im- 
perfect editions"  of  The  Dunciad,  and  do  not  be- 
lieve that  it  was  first  printed  in  Dublin,  I  have 
no  doubt  the  following  advertisements  refer  really 
to  the  first  publication  of  that  poem.  If  I  am  cor- 
rect in  my  views,  that  this,  though  styled  the  second 
edition  (as,  if  the  book  was  a  London  reprint  of  a 
Dublin  edition,  second  it  must  have  been),  was  in 
reality  only  the  first,  the  following  advertisements 
confirm  me  in  what  I  have  already  shown  (ante, 
p.  257.),  that  the  first  publication  of  The  Dunciad 
took  place  between  May  11  and  June  8,  1728. 

In  the  Craftsman  of  May  25,  1728,  appeared 
the  following  advertisement : 

"  This  Day  is  published,  THE  DUNCIAD  ;  an  Heroic 
Poem.  The  Second  Edition.  Dublin,  printed ;  London, 
reprinted  for  A.  Dodd ;  price  One  Shilling.  —  N.  B.  Next 
•week  will  be  published,  THE  PROGRESS  OF  DULNESS,  by 
an  Eminent  Hand." 

This  same  advertisement  was  inserted  in  Mist's 
Weekly  Journal  of  May  25,  1728. 

In  the  Craftsman  of  June  1,  1728,  the  adver- 
tisement was  repeated,  with  a  motto  and  other 
additions,  as  follows  : 

"  This  Day  is  published,  the  Second  Edition  of  THE 
DUNCIAD  ;  an  Heroic  Poem.  In  Thi-en  Books. 

,        ,        He,  as  an  herd 
Of  goats,  or  tim'rous  flocks  together  thrang'd, 
Drove  them  before  him,  thunderstruck  pursu'd 
Into  the  vast  profund.'  —  MILTON. 

Dublin,  printed ;  London,  reprinted  for  A.  Dodd,  without 
Temple  Bar ;  price  One  Shilling. 

u  And  speedily  will  be  published,  which  will  serve  for 
p.n  Explanation  of  the  Poem,  THE  PROGRESS  OF  DUL- 
NESS,  by  an  Eminent  Hand." 

The  same  advertisement  is  repeated,  but  altered 
to  third  edition,  in  Mist's  Weekly  Journal  of  June  8, 
J728  ;  and  refers,  therefore,  to  what  I  believe  to 
liave  been  actually  the  second  edition,  although,  in 


accordance  with  the  original  mystification,  it  is 
styled  the  third. 

Perhaps  I  may  not  be  occupying  the  pages  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  unprofitably,  if  I  take  this  opportunity 
of  reprinting  the  following  specimens  of  the  mode 
in  which  the  warfare  between  Pope  and  his  adver- 
saries was  carried  on.  The  first  is  an  announce- 
ment which  is  appended  to  the  long  Letter,  signed 
W.  A.  (Dennis,  Theobald,  and  others),  in  Mist's 
Weekly  Journal  of  June  8,  1728,  to  which  allusion 
has  already  been  made  (ante,  p.  257.)  : 

"  To  be  published  weekly  in  this  Paper. 

«  May  27,  1728. 
"  BY  AUTHORITY, 

"  This  day,  at  a  General  Court  of  the  KNIGHTS  OF  THK 
BATHOS,  Esquires,  Gentlemen,  and  others,  of  the  same 
Society,  and  of  all  the  Worshipful  and  weight}'  Members 
of  this  ancient  and  solid  body,  it  was  resolved : 

"  That  our  Sessions,  hitherto  held  at  Mr.  C 1's,  in 

the  Strand,  be  henceforth  removed  to  the  Blue  Posts  at 
Charing  Cross,  in  regard  to  the  President  of  this  Society, 
who  is  too  aged  to  walk  farther  from  his  lodgings. 

"  And  that  for  the  greater  tranquillity  of  this  our  Ses- 
sions, and  better  security  of  the  Members  thereof,  it  be 
held  for  the  future  only  on  Sundays  [as  has  been  prac- 
tised on  great  emergencies]. 

"  Resolved,  nemiue  coittradicente,  that  a  Committee  of 
this  whole  Lower  House  do  consult  on  ways  and  means 
for  reducing  the  current  sense  of  this  kingdom,  and  the 
exorbitant  power  of  the  Pope. 

"  Ordered,  That  all  papers,  pamphlets,  letters,  adver- 
tisements, &c.,  relating  to  the  said  Pope,  which  have 
passed  since  the  1st  of  April  last,  be  laid  on  the  table,  in 
order  to  be  revised  and  published  in  one  volume,  not 
exceeding  the  value  of  one  shilling  one  penny  half-penny. 

"  Ordered,  That  a  Committee  of  Secrecy  be  appointed 
to  draw  up  a  Keport  against  the  said  Pope:  and  that  Mr. 
M.,  Mr.  A.  H.,  Mr.  W.,  Mr.  D.,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  W.,  do 
prepare  and  bring  in  the  same. 

"  Mr.  A.  II.  petitioned  to  be  excused,  on  account  of 
some  business  he  hath  to  do  in  Muscovy. 

"  Thtf  Rev.  Mr.  W.  did  the  same,  on  account  of  an 
ancient  friendship  between  his  best  patron  and  the  Pope. 

"Ordered,  That  a  Key  to  The  Dunciad  be  composed; 
and  that  Mr.  C 1  attend  next  Saturday  to  receive  in- 
structions for  the  same. 

"  A  message  from  Mr.  C 1,  by  Mr.  C k,  that 

Mr.  C 1  humbly  craves  to  be  excused  from  coming  to 

Charing  Cross,  so  soon  after  his  standing  in  the  pillory 
there ! 

"  Ordered,  That  Mr.  C k  do  compose  the  said  Key 

to  The  Dunciad. 

"  And  then  this  House  adjourned  till  after  the  holidays. 

"  I   do   appoint   Edm.  C 1  to  print   all  the  votes,. 

resolutions,  orders,  and  reports  of  this  most  dishonourable 
House,  and  that  no  other  person  presume  to  print  the 
same, 

"  J.  M.  S. ,  Speaker." 

The  following,  which  appeared  in  next  number 
of  Mist's  Weekly  Journal  (June  15,  1728),  may  be 
read  as  showing  that  some  suspicion  then  existed 
whether  Curl  was  not  a  tool  in  the  hands  of  Pope  : 

"  SIR,' — I  send  vou  a  piece  of  news  concerning  the  pre- 
sent unnatural  war  betwixt  the  sons  of  Parnassus,  which 
perhaps  is  not  yet  come  to  your  notice. 

"  There  have  been  several  hot  skirmishes  of  late  betwixt 
the  parties  concerned  in  the  political  war,  to  which  both 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


299 


sides  claim  the  advantage.  The  Allies  of  Charing  Cross 
lately  held  a  Council,  concerning  the  operations  of  the 
campaign,  in  which  it  was  resolved  to  besiege  the  Pope  at 

T n,  and  to  open  the  trenches  without  loss  of  time. 

They  also  came  to  a  resolution  to  begin  their  attack  by  a 
battery  of  Epigrams,  by  which  they  propose  to  beat  down 
a  certain  Pillar  of  Fame,  which  has  been  the  chief  sup- 
port of  his  Holiness :  their  engineers  having  viewed  the 
said  pillar,  and  found  it  to  stand  upon  a  very  tottering 
foundation.  On  the  other  side,  his  Holiness  has  not  been 
idle ;  for  having  intelligence  of  their  designs  by  his  spies, 
he  is  laying  in  a  magazine  of  Satyr,  which  being  filled 
•with  merdose  matter,  he  thinks  will  annoy  the  enemy,  and 
oblige  them  to  raise  the  siege. 

"P.  S.  There  is  a  rumour,  that  the  Allies  having  dis- 
covered one  E d  C rl  lurking  about  the  head- 
quarters ;  they  seized  him,  and  found  him  to  be  one  of 
the  Pope's  spies;  upon  which,  according  to  the  law  of 
arms,  they  hanged  him  up  immediately,  he  died  very 
hard,  and.  nobody  pitied  him." 

WILLIAM  J.  THOMS. 

P.  S.  —  May  I  take  this  opportunity  of  suggest- 
ing to  P.  T.  P.,  whose  valuable  communication  on 
Pope  and  his  Printers  in  "  N.  &  Q."  of  Sept.  16 
is  tilled  with  so  much  curious  speculation,  that  an 
investigation  into  the  circumstances  under  which 
Pope  got  printed  for  Bolingbroke  the  copies  of  his 
Letters  on  the  Spirit  of  Patriotism,  Sfc.,  would 
throw  considerable  light  upon  Pope's  unacknow- 
ledged connexion  with  the  press,  and  serve  to 
complete  the  curious  chapter  in  his  literary  his- 
tory which  P.  T.  P.  has  so  well  commenced. 


Pope's  Memorial  to  his  Mother.  —  As  your 
attention  has  recently  been  turned  to  Pope,  per- 
mit me  to  ask  a  question  relative  to  the  memorial 
he  raised  to  his  mother  in  a  secluded  part  of  his 
garden  on  the  right  of  the  road  from  Teddington 
to  Bushy  Park.  It  was  a  stone  obelisk,  with  this 
inscription  round  the  base  : 

"  EDITIIA,  matrum  amantissima,  vale." 

Pope's  affection  for  his  mother  is  well  known. 
I  wish  to  know  whether  this  memorial  still  exists 
(I  saw  it  a  few  years  ago)  ;  or  whether  it  has  been 
profanely  removed,  after  having  been  sold,  to  some 
epot  unconsecrated  by  the  memory  of  the  poet  ? 

"W.  EWART. 


THE    MASTERS    OF    ST.    CROSS. 

Having  long  endeavoured  to  obtain  an  accurate 
list  of  the  masters  of  this  celebrated  hospital,  and 
"N.  &  Q."  being  a  refuge  for  the  destitute,  I  avail 
myself  of  an  opportunity  to  enter  its  portals,  and 
in  its  columns  seek  that  assistance  and  correction 
which  my  imperfect  copy  requires. 

1157.  Raymond  (The  Charter  of  Henry  de  Slots'). 

Humphrey  de  Milers  (Dugdale). 
1240.  Henry  de  Secusia  (Dugdale ;  Milner). 
12GO.  Thomas  de  Colchester  (Hutton). 
1275   (died).  Stephen  de  Wottou  (Dugdale). 
1289.  Peter  de  Sancta  Maria  (Dugdalu;   Wavill ;  tomb  in 
Hospital  Church).    Archdeacon  of  Surrey. 


1289.  William  de  Welynger,  otherwise  Wendling  (Dug- 
dale'). 

1298.  Robertjde  Maidenstane,  or  Maydstone  (Hutton). 
1319.  Geoffry  de  Welesforcl  (Dugdale  ;  Hutton;  Gale). 
1322.  Bertrand  Asserio  (Dugdale). 

Peter  de  Galliciano  (Dugdale). 

1334.  William  de  Edyngdon  (Dugdale').   Lord  High  Trea- 
surer of  England ;  Bishop  of  Winchester. 
Reymund  Peregryn  (Dugdale). 

1345.  Walter  de  Wetewang  (Hutton). 

1346.  Richard  de  Lusteshall  (Dugdale;  Lowth ;  the  win- 

dows of  the  Hospital  Church). 
1349.  John  de  Edyngdon  (Dugdale ;  Lowth).     A  nephew 

of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester. 
1365.  William  de  Stowell  (Dugdale;  Lowth). 
1367.  Richard  de  Lyntesford  (Dugdale ;  LowtK). 
1370.  Roger  de  Cloune  (Dugdale;  Lowth). 

1370.  John  de  Fordham  (Button). 

1371.  The  Constitutions  of  Pope  Clement  V.  made  bishops 

real  masters  of  the  hospitals  in  their  dioceses, 
and  as  such  William  of  Wykeham  *  retained  the 
government  of  this  house  from  1371  to  1382 
( Wavill),  not  for  the  mere  custody  of  the  house 
and  use  of  its  revenues,  but  to  redress  the  mis- 
conduct of  former  masters,  and  restore  the  charity 
to  the  original  purposes  of  its  foundation. 

1382  (resigned).  Nicholas  Wykeham  (Dugdale;  Lowth; 
Wav'tll).  Warden  of  New  College,  Oxford. 

1383.  John  de  Campeden  (Dugdale').  Archdeacon  of 
Surrey. 

1426.  John  Forest  (Dugdale). 

1444.  Thomas  Forest  (named  by  Cardinal  Beaufort  in  the 
deed  of  endowment  of  the  Alms  House  of  Noble 
Poverty;  also  named  in  a  codicil  to  the  Cardinal's 
will). 

1463.  Thomas  Chaundeler,  D.D.  (Dugdale ;  Life  of  Bishop 
tl'ayneflete ;  Newcourt).  Warden  of  Winchester 
and  of  New  College,  Chancellor  of  the  University 
of  Oxford. 

1465.  William  Westbury  (Zz/e  of  Wayneflete ;  Newcourt). 
Provost  of  Eton. 

1489  (died).  Richard  Harward,  or  Hayward  (Dugdale). 

1489.  John  Lichfield  (Dugdale). 

1491.  Robert  Sherborne  (Dugdale;  Histories  of  Winchester 
and  Chichester).  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  and 
afterwards  of  Chichester. 

1500.  Richard  Fox  (Cassan's  Lives  of  the  Bishops  of  Win- 
chester). Bishop  of  Winchester.  Founder  of 
Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford. 

1517  (about).  JohnClaymond  (Dugdale;  Life  of  Wayne- 
flute').  President  of  Magdalen  and  Corpus  Christi 
Colleges. 

1524.  John  lucent  (Dugdale').  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  Lon- 
don. 

1557  (died).  John  Leefe  (Newcourt).  Prebendary  of  St. 
Paul's,  London.  Fellow  of  Winchester  Col- 
lege. 

Dr.  Reynolds  (mentioned  in  the  act  18  Elizabeth,  re- 
lating to  St.  Cross,  as  having  made  leases  to  his  own 
benefit,  which  that  act  set  aside  at  the  request  of  his 
successor)  ; 

1559.  John  Watson,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Winchester. 

1600.  George  Brook  (Milner ;  Wavili).  Executed  at 
Winchester  for  high  treason,  December  5,  1G03. 


*  "  A  man  of  great  energy  and  zeal,  to  whom  this 
country  is  deeply  indebted  for  the  successful  exertions 
and  sacrifices  he  made  to  promote  education."  —  The 
Master  of  the  Rolls,  August,  1853.  What  a  noble  cha- 
racter, given  nearly  500  years  after  the  acts  were  done ! 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  259. 


1603.  Hudson,   or  Hunsdon,  a  favorite    of    King 

James  I.  (Milner). 

1605.  Arthur  Lake,  D.D.  (Milner).  Warden  of  New  Col- 
lege, afterwards  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells. 

1616  (about).  Sir  Robert  Young  (as  stated  by  counsel  in 
the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  June,  1851). 

1G23.  Theodore  Price  (Milner;  Gossan).  Prebendary  of 
Winchester.  Sub-dean  of  Westminster. 

1627.  William  Lewis  (Cassan  ;  Milner).  Provost  of  Oriel 
College,  deprived  of  office  in  the  rebellion. 

16-40.  John  Lisle  represented  Winchester  in  Parliament 
(Milner).  Convicted  and  attainted  of  high 
treason  ;  fled  from  England,  and  died  in  exile. 

1660  (before).  John  Cook  (Milner).  Chief  Justice  of  Ire- 
land. Solicitor-General.  Executed  at  Charing 
Cross,  as  an  accessory  to  the  death  of  Charles  I. 
(Guizot's  History  of  English  Revolutions). 

1667  (died).  William  Lewis  restored  (Milner). 

1674.  Henry  Compton,  D.D.,  son  of  the  Earl  of  North- 
ampton, and  afterwards  Bishop  of  London. 

1694  (died).  William  Harrison,  D.D.  (Cassan).  Eector 
of  Cheriton. 

1694.  Abraham  Markland  (tombstone  in  Hospital  Church). 
Prebendary  of  Winchester.  Rector  of  Meonstoke. 
Founder  of  the  celebrated  Consuetudinarium. 

1728.  John  Lynch,  Dean  of  Canterbury. 

1760.  John  Hoadley,  LL.D.,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester. 

1769.  Beilby  Porteus,  D.D.,  subsequently  Bishop  of  Ches- 
ter, and  afterwards  of  London.  " 

1787.  John  Lockman,  D.D.  (Hampshire  Repository).  Ca- 
non of  Windsor. 

1808.  Francis  North,  Earl  of  Guildford,  son  of  the  then 
Bishop  of  Winchester. 

HENRY  EDWARDS. 


WORDS    AND     PHRASES     COMMON     AT     POLPEHRO    IN 
CORNWALL,    BUT    NOT    USUAL    ELSEWHERE. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  x.,  p.  180.) 

Chap,  a  young  fellow,  not  a  full  man. 

Cheem ;  to  cheem  signifies  the  first  motion 
towards  sprouting,  in  a  seed. 

Cleat,  a  thick  and  flat  piece  of  wood,  laid  on 
another,  and  nailed  on,  but  not  joined  neatly. 

Clopp,  to  walk  larne,  and  with  jerks  ;  clopping, 
walking  in  this  manner. 

Cockle,  to  assume  to  be  "cock  of  the  walk;" 
"  to  coccle  over"  any  one,  is  to  assume  superiority 
over  him,  chiefly  by  speech.  It  does  not  appear 
to  be  the  same  with  caccle. 

Coh,  an  exclamation  of  no  very  decided  mean- 
ing ;  but  it  signifies  to  put  off.  The  word  is  often 
repeated  twice :  coA,  coh,  as  much  as  to  say,  "  you 
don't  mean  what  you  say,"  "go  along  with  you." 

Dafter,  daughter. 

Daunce,  dance. 

Daver,  to  soil ;  davered,  faded  through  use.  A 
thing  is  davered,  when  it  has  lost  a  portion  of  its 
freshness  for  use. 

Deav,  applied  to  a  nut  that  has  no  kernel. 
Chaucer  uses  the  word  deve ;  but  what  connexion 
has  it  with  the  word  devious,  as  implying  "  erring," 
going  out  of  the  right  way  ? 


Dish,  to  have  the  mind  suddenly  cast  clown  ;  to 
have  the  courage  checked,  or  to  check  the  courage 
of  another  person. 

Dogga,  the  Picked  Dog-fish. 

Dole,  stupid  from  noise  and  confusion  ;  to  be 
confusedly  stupid.  The  meaning  differing  much 
from  that  of  dull. 

Dossity,  spirit,  activity ;  not  having  exactly  the 
same  meaning  with  audacity. 

Doug,  pronunciation  of  the  word  dog. 

Doivxt,  to  throw  a  thing  to  the  ground,  into  the 
dust.  I  suppose  this  to  be  the  same  as  the  sea 
term  dowse,  to  lower  or  take  down.  The  word 
dust  is  often  pronounced  "  dowst."  The  chaff  of 
thrashed  corn  is  the  dowst ;  and  a  preparation  or 
the  Conger  fish  without  salt,  formerly  exported,, 
and  in  Spain  grated  to  powder  when  used,  is 
called  "  Congerdowst." 

Drang,  a  narrow  passage ;  whether  between 
houses,  or  between  deep  rocks  in  or  near  the  sea. 
There  is  a  place  near  Polperro  called  Sylly  Cove- 
Drang,  from  this  cause.  To  dring  is  to  press,  or 
be  pressed,  or  squeezed  in  a  crowd.  Burns  uses 
the  word  throng,  as  meaning  close  together. 

Driff",  a  small  quantity  (not  now  commonly 
used). 

Drover,  a  fishing- boat  employed  in  driving  or 
fishing  with  drift  or  floating  nets. 

Drule,  the  old  pronunciation  of  drivel;  but  the 
latter  word  is  now  most  commonly  used  meta- 
phorically, for  a  weak  and  childish  person.  But 
to  drule  is  descriptive  of  letting  the  snliva  run 
from  the  mouth  ;  and  is  often  used  for  little  chil- 
dren when  cutting  their  teeth,  and  their  mouth* 
run  with  water. 

Duggle,  to  walk  about  like  a  very  young  child,, 
with  effort  and  care. 

Dwalder,  to  speak  tediously  and  confusedly. 

Ebbct,  the  common  lizard,  commonly  called  the 
"eft;"  which  may  be  a  corruption  of  this  word. 
The  word  eft  signifies  speedy  or  quick. 

Escaped;  a  person  is  said  to  be  just  escaped 
when  his  understanding  is  only  just  enough  to- 
warrant  his  being  kept  free  from  constraint,  or  the 
tutelage  of  his  friends. 

Eyle,  the  fish  eel. 

Fairy,  the  local  name  of  the  weasel. 

Fellon,  an  inflammation  resembling  erysipelas  ; 
perhaps  the  old  British  name  of  that  disease. 

Fenigy,  to  run  away  secretly,  or  so  slip  off  as  to 
deceive  expectation  ;  deceitfully  to  fail  in  a  pro- 
mise. It  is  most  frequently  applied  to  cases  where 
a  man  has  shown  appearances  of  courtship  to  a 
woman,  and  then  has  left  her  without  any  ap- 
parent reason,  and  without  any  open  quarrel. 

Flatter.  This  word  is  now,  in  common  language, 
used  only  in  its  metaphorical  sense  ;  but  with  us 
it  often  means,  to  say  one  thing  at  one  time  and 
another  at  another  ;  to  deceive  by  false  represent- 
ation ;  and  the  root  of  the  word  is  the  same  as 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


flutter.  A  criticism  of  Dryden,  intended  to  be 
very  severe  on  Elkana  Settle,  is  written  under  a 
mistake  as  to  the  meaning  of  this  word  as  used  by 
the  latter,  to  which  he  applies  our  now  local 
meaning.  He  says : 

"  To  flattering  lightning  our  feign'd  smiles  conform," 

which  is  not  a  mistake  of  the  printer  for  "  flut- 
tering," but  which  the  great  poet  might  have 
guessed  at  if  his  anger  had  permitted  him.  A 
disease,  as  a  fever,  is  said  to  be  very  flattering, 
when  it  often  gives  signs  of  amendment  and  again 
suffers  a  relapse.  Poor  Elkana,  who  has  met 
with  few  friendly  critics,  may  be  farther  justified 
when  he  adds  to  the  above-quoted  line  — 

"  Which,  back'd  by  thunder,  do  but  gild  a  storm  ; " 

by  the  remark,  that  those  persons  who  are  out  of 
doors  in  a  thunderstorm,  may  often  observe  the 
lightning  to  flatter  or  flutter  behind  or  beyond  a 
dark  thundercloud,  through  the  edges  of  which  it 
shines  with  brilliant  effect. 

Flaygerry,  a  merry-making,  or  what  is  now< 
vulgarly  called  " a  spree;"  but  with  an  innocent 
meaning,  an  excursion  for  amusement. 

Flickets,  flashes  of  colour  ;  usually  applied  to 
sudden  and  rapid  changes  of  colour  in  the  face 
from  the  alternations  of  fever.  It  seems  to  be  the 
old  pronunciation  of  the  -word  flight ;  and  means 
something  which  comes  and  goes  away,  to  return 
again  very  quickly. 

Flopp,  the  sound  of  that  motion  of  water  when 
it  is  jerked  suddenly,  as  from  one  end  of  a  cask  to 
another,  and  then  suddenly  stopped.  The  motion 
itself  is  sometimes  said  to  be  "  floxed." 

Fbrthy,  officious ;  too  much  disposed  to  push 
himself  forward. 

Foul.  It  seems  to  mean  clumsy.  A  great  foul 
fellow,  is  a  large  and  awkward  man. 

Fouse,  to  tumble  about  a  thing,  and  so  injure  it 
by  frequent  use  ;  to  soil  it  by  use. 

Freath,  twisted  wood-work  ;  thorns,  and  other 
small  branches  of  bushes,  twisted  together,  to  stop 
a  gap  in  a  hedge.  Leland  uses  the  word  in  a 
somewhat  similar  sense. 

Fuddled,  partially  drunk ;  enough  intoxicated 
to  be  "  the  worse  for  liquor." 

Gaddle,  to  drink  eagerly,  and  much  ;  to  swallow 
fluid  voraciously. 

Gaerd,  guard. 

Gatrden,  garden. 

Gauge,  to  arm  with  wire  the  line'attached  to  the 
fishing-hook.  The  hook  used  to  catch  large  fishes 
is  thus  guarded  at  the  place  where  it  is  fastened 
to  the  line,  with  fine  flexible  brass  wire,  neatly 
twisted  round  it. 

Gi,  ghi ;  probably  the  ancient  pronunciation  of 
the  word  give.  It  seems  common  in  Leland's 
writings. 

Giggle,  to  laugh,  to  have  a  suppressed  laugh. 


Gigglet,  one  who  shows  her  folly  by  a  disposi- 
tion to  grin  and  laugh  for  no  cause.  It  is  used  as 
a  term  of  slight  and  contempt,  and  commonly  to  a 
young  girl. 

Glaze,  to  stare.  It  is  probably  the  root  of  the 
word  glaze,  to  cover  with  varnish,  and  thus  to 
give  a  shining  appearance.  The  word  glass  is  also 
derived  from  the  same  word. 

Glib,  smoothly.  "  He  speaks  glib  ;"  that  is,  his 
words  come  easily  from  him.  It  is  the  same  as 
glibly,  but  with  us  the  latter  syllable  is  generally 
omitted. 

Goal,  a  sensation  of  slow,  heavy,  aching  pain  in 
any  part.  It  seems  to  bear  some  analogy  to  the 
word  gall,  when  used  to  express  the  infliction  of 
pain  on  the  mind. 

Goading,  or  goodying ;  to  go  a  goading,  is  to  go 
about  the  parish  or  country,  at  the  approach  of 
Christmas,  to  beg  flour,  meat,  or  such  things  as 
shall  enable  a  poor  person  to  enjoy  himself  at  that 
season.  It  is  a  common  practice,  and  is  not 
thought  disgraceful,  being  practised  by  the  wives 
of  even  respectable  labourers ;  and  farmers  are 
accustomed  to  grind  a  certain  quantity  of  corn  at 
this  season,  specially  for  this  purpose. 

Goody,  to  goody,  is  for  an  animal  to  fatten, 
thrive,  improve  in  quality. 

Goold,  for  gold ;  and  probably  the  true  ancient 
pronunciation. 

Grab,  to  lay  hold  of,  to  dig  the  fingers  into,  a 
'thing ;  to  grasp  at  it.  To  grave,  as  applied  to  a 
ship  or  boat,  is  to  dig  up  the  pitch  on  her  bottom, 
before  giving  it  a  new  coat :  to  grave,  and  engrave, 
appear  to  be  derived  from  this  root ;  and  even 
the  word  grave,  in  which  the  dead  are  buried  ;  as 
also,  perhaps,  the  word  gripe  as  applied  to  the 
word  hedge,  as  already  explained. 

Grange,  to  grind.  It  is  only  applied  to  the 
teeth  ;  and  a  person  is  said  to  grange  them  one  on 
the  other.  It  differs  from  gnashing  them. 

Greet,  earth,  soil. 

Gribble,  the  young  stock  of  a  tree  on  which  a 
graft  is  to  be  inserted;  chiefly  applied  to  the 
apple. 

Gripe.  That  part  of  the  border  of  a  field  which 
is  dug  out  to  heap  on  the  hedge,  to  raise  it  and 
keep  it  in  repair.  It  is  often  termed  the  "  hedge 
gripe  :"  and  the  owner  of  a  hedge  which  separates 
his  property  from  that  of  another  man  is  sup- 
posed to  possess  the  right  of  digging  this  gripe 
out  of  his  neighbour's  property,  to  enable  him  to 
finish  his  work. 

Grise,  the  common  word  for  corn  sent  to  the 
mill  to  be  ground.  A  grixc,  or  grist,  is  as  much 
as  is  sent  at  one  time.  Shakspeare  uses  it,  Twelfth 
Night,  Act  III.  Sc.  2. 

Grizzle,  to  grin. 

Gidge,  to  drink  gluttonously. 

Gumpion,  aptitude  of  understanding ;  some 
foundation  of  skill  or  talent.  "  He  has  no  gum- 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[•No.  259. 


pion :"  he  has  no  comprehension  of  what  he  has 
to  do,  no  aptitude  to  learn  or  do  it. 

Gut,  a  narrow  passage  of  any  kind.          VIDEO. 


MRS.  STOWE'S  "  SUNNY  MEMORIES  IN  FOREIGN  ' 

XANDS." 

Your  correspondent.  JUVERNA,  who  amuses  him- 
self with  noting  Mr.  Thackeray's  slovenly  syntax, 
would  find,  I  think,  better  sport  in  ticking  off  the 
elegancies  of  style  in  Mrs.  Beecher  Stowe's  Fo- 
reign  Lands.  One  or  two,  which  I  have  marked 
during  a  partial  perusal  of  that  work,  will  serve 
as  specimens. 

1.  The  cabin  (aboard  the   steamboat)    is  de- 
scribed as  being  "  as  much  in  order  as  if  you  were 
going  to  be  hanged." 

2.  "Knotted  strings   (when  you  are  sea-sick) 
look  disgustingly  impracticable." 

3.  "  Mrs.  A.  is  sick,  and  Miss  B.  sicker.     You'll 
never  catch  them  going  to  sea  again ;  that's  what 
you  won't" 

4.  "  Where  in  the  world  the  soul  goes  to  [during 
sea-sickness]    nobody  knows :    one  would   really 
think  the  sea  tipped  it  all  out  of  a  man  ;  just  as  it 

does  the  water  out  of  his  washbasin It  [the 

soul]  rises  (whether  before  or  after  being  tipped 
out  of  a  man  does  not  appear)   like  a  pillar  of 
cloud,  aud  floats  over  land  and  sea,  buoyant,  many- 
lined^  and  glorious;  again  it  goes  down,  down,"  &c. 

5.  "  Then  the  steward  comes  along  at  twelve 
o'clock,  and  puts  out  your  light;  and  there  you 
are!" 

6.  After  this  you  feel  "  as  if  you  were  '  headed 
up  '  in  a  barrel." 

7.  Scotch  ballads  (when  a  child)  "  seemed  al- 
most to  melt  the  soul  out  of  me" 

8.  "  It  is  so  stimulating  to  be  [on  the  Clyde] 
where  every  name  is  a  poem." 

9.  "  Two  of  the  most  beautiful  children  I  ever 
saw,  whose  little  hands  literally  deluged  us  with 
flowers." 

10.  "  The  drab  dresses  and  pure  white  bonnets  of 
many  Friends  were  conspicuous  among  the  dense 
moving  crowd   [on   the  platform  at  the  railway 
station],  as  while  doves  seen  against  a  dark  cloud." 

11.  "Well,  of  course  I  did  not  sleep  any  all 
night." 

12.  "The  most  splendid  of  England's  palaces 
[Stafford  House]  has  this  day  opened  its  doors  to 
the  slave" 

13.  Apropos  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Baptist  Noel 
(who  has  "  one  of  the  most  harmonious  heads " 
Mrs.  Stowe  ever  saw),  she  remarks,  "  Born  of  a 
noble  family,  naturally  endowed  with  sensitiveness 
and  ideality  to   appreciate   all  the   amenities   and 
suavities  of  that  brilliant  sphere,  the  sacrifice  must 
have  been  inconceivablij  great  to  renounce"  &c. 

14.  The  hon.  and  rev.  gentleman's  style  "flowed 
over  one  like  a  calm  and  clear  strain  of  music." 


15.  "The  poet  Gray  seems  to  have  been  sent 
into  the  world  for  nothing  but  to  be  a  poem" 

16.  '•'•One  likes  to  see  a  person  identifying  one's 
self  with  a  country." 

17.  "  No  words  have  hitherto  made  their  way 
to  my  inner  soul  with  such  force,"  &c. 

18.  "  I  was  introduced  to  ....  Mrs.  Jameson, 
whose  works  on  art  and   artists  were,  for  years, 
almost  my  only  food  for  a  certain  class  of  long- 
ings" 

19.  "I  could  not  but  think  what  a  loss  to  art  is 
the  enslaving  of  a  race  (the  negroes)  which  might 
produce  so  much  musical  talent." 

20.  "  Some  of  Shakspeare's  finest  passages  ex- 
plode all  grammar  and  rhetoric  ;   like  skyrockets, 
the  thought  blows  the  language  to  shivers!" 

21.  "The   next   popular   upset  tipped  it  [the 
Pantheon  in  Paris]  back  to  the  great  men  again." 

22.  A  French  mechanic,  an  enthusiast  for  the 
poet  Beranger,   is   reported   to   have   exclaimed, 
"  Could  I  live  to  see  his  funeral !  Quelle  spectacle ! 
Quelle  grand  emotion  ! " 

23.  A  guide  exclaims,  enraptured  with  the  fine- 
ness of  the  weather,  "  Qu'il  fait  tres  beau  !" 

24.  "  Ceci,"    cries   a"n   enthusiastic    admirer   of 
Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  (I  beg  pardon,  of  Uncle  Tom), 
"  ceci  est  la  vraie  Christianisme  !" 

25.  "Ah!  ah!"  says  M.  Alfred  de  Musee  (M. 
Alfred  de  Mussett),  "  the  first  intelligence  of  the 
age."    "  Say  nothing  about  this  book  [  Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin~\.     There  is  nothing  like  it.     This  leaves  us 
all  behind,  — all,  all,  miles  behind." 

Mrs.  Stowe's  meditations  on  the  "  old  masters  " 
in  art,  —  which,  together  with  old  customs,  and 
the  Greek  and  Roman  classics,  seem  to  her  an- 
tagonistic to  the  go-ahead  spirit  of  young  Ame- 
rica, —  are  of  a  similar  character.  I  cannot,  how- 
ever, find  the  passage  on  Rubens,  which  a  critic 
in  The  Athenaeum  quotes  as  follows  :  —  "  His  pic- 
tures [Rubens's]  I  detest  with  all  the  energy  of 
my  soul." 

If  these  words  are  to  be  found  in  the  book,  they 
are  quite  irreconcilable  with  the  following  pas- 
sage in  Letter  XXXI.: — "But  Rubens,  the  great, 
joyous,  full-souled,  all-powerful  Rubens,  there  he 
was,  full  as  ever,  of  abounding  life,"  &c. 

If  I  may  join  a  Query  with  a  Note,  I  would  ask 
if  any  of  your  correspondents  can  remember  the 
words  which  the  reviewer  quotes,  and  which  i 
presume  he  did  not  invent.  I  have  read  the  re- 
view since  looking  into  the  book,  and  they  have 
probably  escaped  my  memory.  W.  M.  T. 


I  find  the  following  passage  in  Mrs.  Stowe's 
recent  work,  Sunny  Memories  of  Foreign  Lands, 
Low's  2nd  edit.,  p.  256. : 

'  Stoke  Newington  is  also  celebrated  as  the  residence  of 
De  Foe.  .  .  .  The  New  River,  which  passes  through 
the  grounds  of  our  host,  is  an  artificial  stream,  •which  is 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


said  to  have  been  first  suggested'  by  his  endlessly  fertile 
and  industrious  mind,  as  productive  in  practical  projects 
as  in  books." 

Perhaps  your  pages  may  be  the  medium  of  in- 
forming the  amiable  and  talented  authoress,  that 
the  New  River  was  projected  and  carried  into 
effect  by  Sir  Hugh  Myddleton,  about  fifty  years 
before  De  Foe  was  born.  EDWARD  J.  SAGE. 


"THE  LEATHER  BOTTEL." 

A  short  time  ago  I  copied  down,  from  the  re- 
citation of  an  old  man,  a  version  of  this  ancient 
popular  song,  which,  differing  from  copies  already 
published,  may  perhaps  interest  some  few  of  your 
readers.  A  curious  article  on  this  song  was  pub- 
lished in  Blackwood's  Magazine,  November,  1823. 
Mr.  J.  H.  Dixon's  Ancient  Ballads  and  Songs  of 
the  Peasantry  of  England,  published  by  the  Percy 
Society,  contains  a  copy  ;  while  another  occurs  in 
the  Illustrated  Book  of  English  Songs,  reprinted 
from  a  copy  in  the  Antidote  to  Melancholy,  1682. 
There  is  a  lively  air  extant,  well  adapted  to  the 
burden  of  this  latter  version,  which  I  have  often 
heard  sung  in  good  taste  by  J.  L.  Hatton,  Esq. 

"  'Twas  God  above,  who  made  all  tilings, 
The  heavens  and  earth  and  all  therein ; 
The  ships  that  on  the  sea  do  swim, 
To  keep  our  men  from  slipping  in ; 
Yet  this  after  all  is  tittle  cum  tottel, 
When  there's  nought  to  compare  to  the  leather  bottel. 
'Twas  in  the  time  of  Noah,  when  the  world  was  drown'd, 
That  the  first  leather  bottle  afloat  was  found. 
So  let  us  hope  that  in  heaven  his  soul  does  dwell, 
That  first  invented  this  leather  bottel. 

"  Its  greatly  before  your  fine  kegs  of  wood, 
Which  in  true  faith  cannot  long  be  good ; 
And  when  a  master  his  man  does  send, 
To  have  one  fill'd  as  he  may  intend, 
And  by  the  way  this  man  s'hould  fall, 
The  keg  would  burst,  and  the  liquor  loss  all ; 
But  if  it  had  been  in  a  leather  bottel, 
And  the  stopple  in,  why,  all  had  been  well. 
So  let  us  hope,  &c. 

"  Then  for  these  flagons  of  silver  fine, 
Even  they  shall  have  no  praise  of  mine ; 
For  when  my  lord  or  lady  be  going  to  dine, 
And  send  them  out  to  be  fill'd  with  wine, 
The  man  and  the  flagons  both  run  away, 
Because  they  are  precious,  and  fine,  and  gay; 
But  if  tiie  wine  had  been  order'd  in  a  leather  bottel, 
The  man  would  have  come  back,  and  all  been  well. 
So  let  us  hope,  &c. 

"  And  for  your  glasses  with  stems  so  fine, 
Oh !  they  shall  have  no  praise  of  mine ; 
For  if  you  rudely  touch  the  brim, 
The  glass  will  break  and  cause  a  swim, 
But  if  the  liquor  had  been  in  a  leather  bottel, 
And  the  stopple  in,  why,  all  had  been  well, 
And  you  might  have  toss'd  it  round  about, 
Yet  not  a  drop  of  the  liquor  still  lost  out. 
So  let  us  hope,  &c. 

"  Then  for  your  pottles  with  handles  three, 
I'm  sure  they'll  get  no  praise  from  me, 


For  when  a  man  and  his  wife  shall  fall  to  strife, 

As  they  often  may  do  in  the  course  of  a  life, 

The  one  does  lug,  and  the  other  does  tug, 

And  betwixt  them  both  they  break  the  jug; 

But  if  it  had  only  been  a  leather  bottel, 

They  might  have  tugg'd  away,  yet  all  had  been  well. 

So  let  us  hope,  &c. 

"  And  when  the  bottle  with  time  grows  old, 
And  no  more  liquor  then  will  hold, 
Out  of  its  side  you  may  cut  a  clout, 
To  mend  your  boots  when  they're  worn  out ; 
And  for  the  rest  'twill  do  to  hang  on  a  pin, 
And  serve  right  well  to  put  trifles  in ; 
Such  as  old  nails,  hinges,  candle-ends,  and  rings, 
For  your  new  beginners  need  all  such  things. 
So  let  us  hope,"  &c. 

Your  jovial  "leather  bottel"  is  a  piece  of  anti- 
quity now  not  often  met  with.  I  possess  one 
which  was  purchased  many  years  since,  with  a 
lot  of  other  "  nick-nackets,"  at  a  sale  in  the  old 
hall  of  Allerton  Mauleverer.  JOHN  DIXON. 

Leeds. 


Constantinople  and  the  Crimea.  —  Among  the 
many  works  on  Constantinople  and  the  Crimea 
which  our  active  bibliopolists  have  routed  out 
from  their  interminable  stores,  I  do  not  remember 
to  have  seen  the  two  volumes  about  to  be  de- 
scribed : 

(1.)  "  GUIDE  du  voyageur  h  Constantinople  et  dans 
ses  environs,  contenant :  1'histoire  de  cette  capitale,  etc. 
Par  Fre'de'ric  Lacroix.  Pans,  1839."  Sm.  8°,  pp.  212. 
and  plan. 

(2.)  "  VOYAGE  en  Crimee  et  sur  les  bords  de  la  Mer 
Noire,  pendant  1'annee  1803 ;  suivi  d'un  memoire  sur  le 
commerce  de  cette  mer,  etc.  Dedie  a  sa  majeste  1'Em- 
pereur  et  Eoi,  par  J.  Keuilly.  Paris,  1806."  8°,  pp.  332. 
and  2  maps,  &c. 

The  Guide  of  M.  Lacroix  is  a  methodical  and 
well-written  volume.  A  preliminary  essay,  to 
which  I  shall  revert,  is  entitled  Conscils  aux 
voyagcurs.  The  plan  of  Constantinople  and  its 
environs,  by  J.  Hellert,  measures  twenty-five 
inches  by  twenty-one,  and  has  about  four  hundred 
and  sixty  marginal  references. 

The  Voyage  en  Crimee  of  M.  le  baron  de 
Reuilly  was  composed  under  very  favourable  cir- 
cumstances. He  had  obtained  access  to  the  prin- 
cipal functionaries  of  the  peninsula,  and  his  manu- 
script was  corrected  by  M.  Pallas.  He  was  also 
assisted  by  MM.  Lacepede,  Langles,  and  Millin. 
As  M.  Eyries  says,  "  II  a  tres-habilement  fondu 
les  divers  materiaux  qu'il  a  joints  k  ses  propres 
observations."  The  map  of  the  Crimen,  and  the 
plan  of  Sevastopol,  were  constructed  from  docu- 
ments procured  on  the  spot,  and  the  volume  has 
some  charming  etchings  by  Duplessi-Bertaux. 

As  a  specimen  of  the   descriptive  powers   of 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  259. 


M.  de  Reuilly,  I  subjoin  his  account  of  the  sin- 
gular harbour  of  Balaclava. 

"  BALACLAVA,  autrefois  Symbolon  et  Cembalo,  est  situs' 
au  micli  de  la  presqu'ile,  a  1'extre'mite  de  la  montagne  de 
Aia-dagh.  Cette  ville,  fondee  selon  toutes  les  apparences 
par  les  Grecs,  renouvelee  ensuite  par  les  Genois,  aujourd'- 
hui  de'serte  et  tombe"e  en  ruine,  a  etc  rendue  a  ses  pre- 
miers habitans ;  elle  sert  de  garnison  au  bataillon  grec 
que  la  Russie  entretient  en  Crimee,  L'eau  y  est  generale- 
ment  mauvaise.  Le  port,  situe'  a  1'ouest  de  la  ville,  a  pres 
d'une  verste  da  longueur  sur  deux  cents  toises  de  largeur ; 
il  est  partout  assez  profond  pour  recevoir  des  vaisseaux 
de  premier  rang ;  de  hautes  montagnes  le  mettent  a  1'a- 
bri  de  tous  les  vents,  en  sorte  que  ses  eaux  sont  aussi 
calmes  que  celles  d'un  etang.  Son  entre'e,  tournee  au 
midi,  est  tellement  re'tre'cie  par  de  hauts  rochers,  que  deux 
vaisseaux  ne  peuvent  y  passer  ensemble  sans  courir  le 
risque  de  s'entrechoquer.  A  1'embouchure  du  port,  sur 
une  haute  montagne  a  1'est,  est  situee  la  vieille  forteresse 
genoise,  defendue  par  de  hautes  murailles  et  des  tours.  II 
est  a.  reinarquer  que  toutes  les  places  fortes  des  Grecs  et 
des  Genoia  etaient  places  sur  des  rocs  inaccessibles."  — 
P.  136. 

The  main  object  of  this  note  is  not  mere  biblio- 
graphy :  it  has  an  object  more  suited  to  these 
exciting  times.  I  would  suggest  to  the  govern- 
ment the  expediency  of  printing  in  French  and 
English,  for  distribution  among  the  allied  forces, 
the  Conseils  aux  voyageurs  of  M.  Lacroix,  and 
such  portions  of  the  Voyage  of  the  baron  de  Reuilly 
as  relate  to  the  climate  of  the  Crimea,  and  to 
sanitary  matters.  The  whole  would  come  within 
two  octavo  sheets.  The  utility  of  such  a  pamphlet 
cannot  be  doubted,  and  it  would  be  thankfully  ac- 
cepted by  the  brave  men  who  have  to  encounter 
the  effects  of  untried  climes,  and  all  the  evils  of  i 
warfare,  for  the  noble  purpose  of  shielding,  from  ! 
the  iron  grasp  of  the  Czar,  the  less-powerful  mem-  I 
bers  of  the  European  family.  BOSTON  CORNEY. 

Mortality  in  August.  —  At  this  sad  season  it 
may  be  of  interest  to  note  that  from  the  register 
of  burials  in  the  parish  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Cam- 
bridge, it  appears  that  in  the  year  of  the  plague, 
1666,  the  number  in  the  month  of  April  was 
three  ;  in  May,  one  ;  June,  twelve  ;  July,  forty- 
two  ;  August,  fifty-nine ;  September,  thirty-one; 
October,  eleven  ;  November,  three  ;  and  Decem- 
ber, one.  W.  R.  C. 

Fillibusterism.  —  The  Jamaica  Morning  Journal, 
Fpeaking  of  the  recent  bombardment  of  Grey 
Town  by  the  United  States'  sloop  of  war  "  Cyane," 
describes  the  affair  as  "  a  new  phase  in  American  \ 
Fillibusterism."  Is  this  word  fillibusterism  of 
English  or  American  formation  ?  If,  as  I  suspect, 
it  be  derived  from  the  French  flibustier  (free- 
booter), would  it  not  be  more  correct  to  say 
Flibusterism  f  HENRY  H.  BBEEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Haberdasher.  —  By  some  antiquaries  this  word 
has  been  derived  from  the  words  "  Haber  das-;, 
herr  ?  "  "Will  you  take  this,  sir,"  said  to  have 


been  commonly  used  by  the  Flemish  shopkeepers 
who  settled  here  in  the  fourteenth  century,  when 
addressing  the  passers-by.  This  has  always  ap- 
peared to  me  to  be  the  most  probable  of  the 
various  origins  suggested  for  this  word;  and  I  am 
farther  confirmed  in  this  belief  by  finding  that 
"  haberdashers  of  small-wares,"  and  probably 
their  shopmen,  were  nick-named  in  the  seventeenth 
century  (and  probably  long  previously)  "  What 
d'ye  lacke."  I  think  it  was  in  the  writings  of 
Taylor  the  Water  Poet  that  I  lately  met  with  the 
appellation.  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
refer  me  to  the  passage,  or  to  other  instances  of 
its  use  ?  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

3L  St.  Peter's  Square,  Hammersmith. 

Charles  T.  at  Oxford. — In  a  late  article  in 
Dickens's  Household  Words,  on  the  subject  of 
"  Flying  Coaches,"  is  the  following  extract : 

"  All  the  bells  rung  out  their  loudest  peals,  and  hooded 
dignitaries  knelt  humbly  before  his  majest}-,  offering  not 
only  their  lives  and  fortunes,  as  the  modern  phrase  goes, 
but  their  cherished  store  of  college  plate — soon  after- 
wards unceremoniously  taken  and  melted  down,  -with 
scarcely  a  word  of  thanks  from  the  Lord's  anointed." 

Is  not  this  latter  part  of  the  quotation  rather 
exaggerated  on  the  part  of  the  editor  of  Household 
Words?  The  question  respecting  four  of  the 
colleges  having  the  privilege  of  wearing  silver 
tassels  to  their  caps,  on  account  of  their  having 
given  up  their  plate  voluntarily  to  King  Charles  I., 
has  been  mentioned  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
already ;  but  as  it  is  an  interesting  subject,  I 
should  be  glad  of  again  seeing  it  in  print,  hoping 
that  there  may  be  some  new  subscriber  to  "  IS".  & 
Q.,"  who  may  not  have  seen  the  former  notice, 
and  who  may  be  able  to  throw  some  light  upon 
the  subject.  If  the  plate  was  "  unceremoniously 
taken  and  melted  down,"  how  has  arisen  the  ques- 
tion of  the  silver  tassels?  And  again,  do  not  those 
four  colleges  possess  the  least  amount  of  old  plate  ? 
M.  A.  TACNTONIENSIS. 

Paper  by  Nelson.  —  As  a  collector  of  the  remains 
of  our  great  admiral  would  hardly  search  the  Re- 
ports of  the  Commissioners  of  Woods  and  Forests,  it 
may  be  a  useful  note  to  mention,  that  a  memoran- 
dum by  him  on  the  state  of  the  Forest  of  Dean, 
in  Gloucestershire,  supposed  to  have  been  written 
about  1803,  is  printed  at  p.  223.  of  the  Thirtieth 
Report  (1852).  B.  R.  I. 

Pulcis  Alliteration.  —  The  following  specimen 
of  a  play  upon  words  may  amuse  your  readers. 
As  far  as  my  limited  reading  goes,  it  is  unequalled 
in  its  way  in  any  language  with  which  I  am  ac- 
quainted. 

The  Morgante  Maggiore  of  Pulci  does  not  seem 
to  be  sufficiently  known  or  appreciated.  Byron 
thought  highly  of  it,  and  tried  to  engage  attention 
to  it  by  his  translation  of  the  first  two  cantos. 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


But  even  his  facile  and  graphic  pen  failed  (as  I 
believe  he  acknowledged)  to  give  a  full  idea  of 
the  talent  of  the  original.  The  openings  of  his 
cantos  have  been  considered  profane;  but  it  is 
obvious  that,  however  bad  in  taste,  they  were  not 
directed  against  religion  itself,  but  against  hypo- 
critical professors  of  it. 

"  La  casa  cosa  parea  bretta.  e  brutta, 
Vinta  dal  vento,  e  la  natta  e  la  notte 
Stilla  le  stdle,  <:h'  a  tetto  era  tutta, 
Del  pane  zypena  ne  dette  ta'  dotte ; 
Fere  avea  pure  e  qualche  fratta  frutta, 
E  svina  e  svena  di  botto  una  botte ; 
Poscia  per  pesci  lasche  prese  all'  esca, 
Ma  il  letto  allotta  n\\a.frasca  fufresca." 

Morgante  Maggiore,  c.  xxiii.  st.  47.  (Rinaldo 
and  Fuligatto  arrive  at  a  hermitage.) 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  stanza  contains  two 
alliterations  in  every  line  of  it,  each  being  a  double 
one,  that  is,  covering  the  second  as  well  as  the  first 
syllable.  Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  may  have 
met  with  some  similar  performance.  M.  H.  R. 

"Setter  suffer  than  revenge"  —  The  motto  of 
the  family  of  Vachell,  of  co.  Berks.  With  respect 
to  this  motto,  Captain  Richard  Symonds  observes 
in  his  Diary,  — 

"'Tis  reported  in  Reading  an  old  story  of  Yachel  y* 
•would  not  suffer  ye  Abbot  of  Reading  to  carry  hay  tho- 
rough his  yard,  ye  abbot  after  many  messengers  sent  a 
monke  whome  Vachel  in  fury  killd",  but  was  forced  to 
ily,  and  he  and  his  after  tooke  the  motto  of '  Better  suffer 
•than  revenge.' " 

AA. 


LORDSHIPS    MARCHEBS    IN    WALES. 

I  should  be  much  obliged  by  any  information 
•as  to  the  probable  author  of  the  under-mentioned 
treatise  on  the  Lordships  Marchers  of  Wales,  and 
as  to  the  present  depository  of  the  second  work  ? 

The  first-named  excellent  treatise  is  printed  in 
*'  Documents  relating  to  Ludlow  and  the  Lords 
Marchers,  1841,"  from  the  Lansdowne  MS.  216., 
In  which  catalogue  it  is  improperly  entitled  as 
"The  Government  of  Wales  anciently  and  as  it 
now  is,  viz.  temp.  Jnc.  I."  The  proper  title,  "  A 
Treatise  of  Lordships  Marchers  in  Wales,  &c.," 
will  be  found  in  Pennant's  Wales,  vol.  ii.  p.  429., 
4to.  edit.,  with  a  prefatory  analysis  omitted  in  the 
Lansdowne  MS.,  and  a  full  abridgment  made 
from  a  MS.  copy  of  the  same  work,  stated  to  have 
been  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Lloyd  of  Overton, 
in  1740,  and  agreeing  in  all  respects  with  one  in 
my  own  library  at  present. 

The  second  treatise,  of  which  the  present  de- 
pository is  asked,  occurs  in  Mr.  Hunter's  catalogue 
of  the  MSS.  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Library,  p.  256.,  in 
the  schedule  of  books  bequeathed  by  Sir  Mat- 
thew Hale  to  that  society,  as  the  "  History  of  the 


Marches  of  Wales,  collected  by  me,  one  vol.,"  but 
it  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  library  there  now. 

Any  information  as  to  either  of  these  two  se- 
veral points  through  your  pages,  or  sent  to  my 
address,  will  much  oblige  GEO.  ORMEBOD. 

Ledbury  Park,  Chepstow. 


Fir-trees  and  Oaks.  —  To  what  species  do  the 
fir-trees  belong  which  have  been  dug  out  of  the 
bogs  of  England  and  Ireland  ? 

Do  the  oaks  from  the  same  places  belong  to 
both  the  varieties  of  Quercus  robur,  viz.  sessiliflora 
and  pedunculata  ? 

Which  is  the  best  English  work  on  trees,  more 
particularly  on  the  Conifera  ?  W.  E.  H. 

Birkenhead. 

Phipps.  —  Is  anything  known  of  a  family  of  this 
name  in  Bucks ;  its  descent  and  matches  prior  to 
June,  1646  ?  J.  K. 

Melodrama  by  Lord  Byron.' — In  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  the  year  1813,  vol.  Ixxxiii. 
Part  ii.  p.  697.,  under  the  heading  "  Theatrical 
Register,  Drury  Lane  Theatre,"  I  find  the  follow- 
ing notice  of  the  production  of  a  drama  called 
Illusion : 

"  Xov.  25.  Illusion,  or,  The  Trances  of  Nourjahad;  a 
melodrame  by  Lord  Byron.  The  story  taken  from  a 
romance  under  the  same  title,  by  the  late  Mrs.  Sheridan. 
The  music  selected  by  Mr.  Kelly." 

The  Mrs.  Sheridan  alluded  to  was  the  mother 
of  Richard  Brinsley  Sheridan.  She  died  in  1767; 
and,  in  a  list  of  the  works  written  by  her,  I  find 
Nourjuhad,  an  Eastern  Tale. 

It  is,  of  course,  utterly  improbable  that  Lord 
Byron,  who  in  1813  was  in  the  full  flush  of  the 
fame  arising  from  the  publication  of  the  earlier 
cantos  of  Childe  Harold,  and  of  the  Giaour,  would 
dress  up  for  the  stage  a  romance  which  had  then 
attained  the  mature  age  of  at  least  half  a  century. 
I  am  therefore  induced  to  ask,  if  any  of  your 
readers  can  account  for  the  conjunction  of  Lord 
Byron's  name  with  the  meludrama  of  Illusion  ? 

ROBERT  S.  SALMON. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

"  An  Officer  and  a  Gentleman." — At  what  time 
did  the  term  "an  officer  and  a  gentleman"  come 
into  vogue  ?  Did  courts-martial  introduce  it  to 
the  public,  or  was  it  in  common  use  previously  to 
its  adoption  by  them  ?  FURVUS. 

Army  Precedence. — In  the  lower  grades  of  the 
army,  a  lieutenant  ranks  below  a  major.  In  the 
higher  grades,  a  major-general  ranks  below  a 
lieutenant-general.  How  is  the  apparent  anomaly 
to  be  explained  ?  O.  S. 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  259. 


Curiosities  of  Bible  Literature,  —  I  have  re- 
cently met  with  the  following  statement.  Can 
any  of  your  biblical  scholars  verify  its  correct- 
ness ? 

"  It  is  a  curious  fact,  that  there  are  about  500  verses  in 
Matthew's  Gospel,  that  are  also  in  Mark's ;  more  than  300 
in  Luke,  that  are  also  in  Mark's  ;  and  about  120,  that 
are  also  in  Matthew.  Nearly  one  half  of  the  Gospel  by 
Matthew  is  to  be  found  in  Mark,  and  more  than  one-third 
of  the  Gospel  by  Luke  is  to  be  found  in  Mark  or  Mat- 
thew." 

w.  w. 

Malta. 

Standard-bearer  of  the  Conqueror.  — Within  a 
week  I  have  met  with  four  persons  to  whom  this 
honour  is  appropriated.  1.  At  the  archaeological 
meeting  at  Chepstow  (see  The  Times  of  Aug.  28 
last),  Mr.  Wakeman  asserted  that  the  manor  and 
lordship  of  Usk  was  granted  to  Fitzrolph,  "  the 
standard-bearer  of  the  Conqueror,"  and  that  he 
died  s.  p.  2.  Knight,  in  his  Architectural  Tour  in 
Normandy,  p.  189.,  says  that  "  William  Malet 
was  descended  from  the  illustrious  warrior  who 
was  standard-bearer  to  William  the  Conqueror," 
and  that  the  so,n  of  the  standard-bearer  was 
banished  from  England  in  1102.  3.  Wace,  in  his 
Chronicle  of  the  Conquest  (Taylor's  translation, 
p.  168.),  describes  Duke  William  offering  the 
standard  to  Raol  de  Conches,  as  his  "  by  right 
and  by  ancestry;"  but  Raol  requested  permission 
to  fight  instead  that  day :  so,  (4.)  after  other 
refusals,  it  was  accepted  by  Tosteins  Fitz  Rou 
le  Blanc.  Will  some  one  learned  in  Norman 
history  reconcile  for  me  these  statements  ? 

J.  M.  G. 

White  Slavery  (?). — In  a  Philadelphia  paper, 
in  1797,  two  Irish  girls  are  advertised  as  thieves 
and  runaways  : 

"  These  girls  came  into  this  country  a  year  ago  ,  .  . 
in  a  brig  .  .  .  and  sold  themselves  to  pay  their  passage." 

What  does  this  mean,  and  when  was  it  abolished  ? 
One  of  them  is  elegantly  described  as  "  pouch- 
mouthed,  slobbers  as  she  speaks,  swears  very 
Lard,  and  will her  eyes  with  any  Jack."  M. 

Whistling  for  the  Wind.  —  Sailors,  when  be- 
calmed, have  a  practice  of  whistling  for  the  wind  : 
has  this  any  connexion  with  the  saying  "You 
may  whistle  for  it?"  i.  e.  for  anything  you  may 
be  wishing  for,  but  which  you  have  little  or  no 
chance  of  ever  possessing. 

HAUGIIMOND  ST.  CLAIR. 

Anonymous  Works. — WTho  are  the  authors  of 
the  following  works,  published  anonymously : 
Nights  at  Mess  ;  Violet,  or  The  Danseuse  ;  Caleb 
Stukcley?  M.  A. 

Brass  in  Boxford  Church. — An  explanation  of 
the  following  inscription  on  a  monumental  brass, 


in  Boxford  Church,  Suffolk,  will  oblige.  It  is  a 
representation  of  a  child  in  a  bed,  and  underneath  : 

"  Dormitorium  DAVIDIS  BIRDE  Filii 

Joseph!  Birde,  Rectoris  istius  ecclesia!. 

Obiit  vicess.  Febrv.  1606. 

Katus  Septima.  22." 

It  is  perfectly  intelligible  without  the  figures  22. 

W.  T.  T. 
Ipswich. 

Stocliten  Hall.  —  How  did  Stockten  Hall,  at 
Stamford,  the  residence  of  Sir  Gilbert  Heathcote, 
Bart.,  obtain  its  name  ?  T.  E.  N. 

Bishop,  Reference  to.  — 

"  Even  in  the  memory  of  persons  living  there  existed  a 
bishop,  concerning  whom  there  was  so  much  mystery  and 
uncertainty  prevailing  as  to  when,  where,  and  by  whom, 
he  had  been  ordained,  that  doubts  existed  in  the  minds 
of  some  persons  whether  he  had  ever  been  ordained  at 
all." — Cautions  for  the  Times,  p.  250.* 

What  bishop  is  referred  to  ?  E.  J.  S. 

Worrall  Family.  —  Can  any  one  give  me  any 
particulars  of  the  family  of  Worrnll,  of  Stourton, 
co.  Stafford  ?  What  were  their  arms  ?  CID. 

Hermitage  of  Merchingbi/e. — In  the  Chartulary 
of  Kelso,  printed  for  the  Bannatync  Club,  there 
are  four  deeds  relating  to  a  hermitage  called  Mer- 
chingbye,  which,  in  the  original  grant  by  Walter 
de  Bolebeck,  is  stated  to  be  founded  "  de  Vasto 
meo  juxta  Merchingburnnm  cum  ecclesia  Sancte 
Marie  ibidem  construct?)."  In  the  confirmation 
by  his  son,  he  describes  it  as  given  — 

"  In  puram  elemosinam  per  has  videlicet  divisas  quic- 
quid  continetur  infra  claustras  suas  ex  utraque  parte 
Merchinburnae  per  circuitum  de  vado  figulorum  usque  ad 
vadum  ubi  Stainefolenburne  descendit  in  Merchinburne." 

In  a  bull  by  Pope  Innocent  IV.,  it  is  mentioned 
as  being  "  in  episcopatu  Dunelmensi."  I  have 
referred  to  Dugdale,  Tanner,  Surtees,  Hutchin- 
son,  and  other  authorities  in  vain,  to  ascertain  the 
site  of  this  hermitage.  And  I  shall  be  obliged  to 
any  one  who  can  throw  light  on  the  point.  M.  L. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

Were  Cannon  used  at  Crccyf — On  a  recent  visit 
to  the  site  of  the  battle,  I  was  informed  by  a  lad 
(who  was  playing  at  the  base  of  the  windmill 
which  was  the  station  of  King  Edward)  that  balls 
had  been  found  in  the  fields  on  which  the  battle 
was  fought.  I  had  no  opportunity  of  endeavour- 
ing to  trace  these  relics,  but  it  may  be  easily  done  ; 
and  if  the  statement  is  correct,  it  will  decide  a 
question  which  is  still  involved  in  some  degree  of 
doubt.  S.  11.  P. 

Curious  Ceremony  at  Queens  College,  Oxford. 
—  Barrington,  in  his  Observations  on  the  Ancient 


[*  Page  304.  of  the  edition  of  1853.] 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


307 


Statutes,  p.  167.,  second  edition,  states,  that  the 
scholars  in  Queen's  College  at  Oxford,  who  wait 
upon  their  fellows,  place  their  two  thumbs  upon  the 
table,  and  adds  : 

"  I  have  heard  that  the  same  ceremony  is  used  in  some 
parts  of  Germany,  whilst  the  superior  drinks  the  health 
of  the  inferior.  The  inferior,  during  this,  places  his  two 
thumbs  on  the  table,  and  therefore  is  incapacitated  from 
making  any  attempt  upon  the  life  of  the  person  who  is 
drinking." 

Does  this  ceremony  yet  prevail  at  Queen's  Col- 
tege,  Oxford  ?  If  not,  when  did  it  cease  ?  Bar- 
rington's  book  was  published  in  17b'6,  at  which 
time  the  ceremony  was  observed.  And  is  there 
any  place  in  Germany  where  a  similar  ceremony 
is  practised,  as  mentioned  by  Barrington  ? 

FBA.  MEWBURN. 

Darlington. 

Van  Tramp's  Watch.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  afford  information  as  to  the  present  pos- 
sessor of  this  curious  time-piece  ?  Many  years 
since  it  was  in  the  hands  of  a  watchmaker  of  Pon- 
tefract  named  Booth,  and  from  him  it  is  said  to 
have  passed  with  "  the  writings "  to  a  George 
Booth,  who  went  to  America,  and  died  at  Brook- 
lyn, U.  S. 

The  watch-works  were  at  one  time  fitted  to  a 
clock  face,  and  used  as  a  time-piece ;  but  the 
original  case,  key,  &c.,  were  preserved  with  great 
care. 

Ist  anything  known  of  this  piece  of  mechanism  ? 

EBOR. 

Dedication  of  Avington  Church.  —  What  is  the 
dedication,  if  any,  of  the  ancient  parish  church  of 
Avington,  on  the  river  Kennet,  near  Hungerford, 
in  the  county  of  Berks  ?  I.  J. 

The  Lord  of  Vryhouven  of  Holland^ — In  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1791  is  a  note  that 
Peter  Huguetan,  Lord  of  Vryhouven,  had  given 
nearly  600,OOOZ.  for  charitable  purposes  ;  and  in 
the  Report  of  the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian 
Knowledge,  it  appears  that  in  1797  that  body 
received  G6,334Z.  3s.  Wd.  from  the  same  person. 
Where  can  a  farther  account  of  this  remarkable 
man  and  his  benevolence  be  found  ? 

HENRT  EDWARDS. 


tut'tlj 

Carolus  Antonius  a  Putco.  —  In  the  cleaning 
and  restoring  a  portrait  in  my  possession,  the 
following  names  appeared  across  the  top  of  the 
picture  :  "  CAROLVS  .  ANTONIVS  .  A  .  PVTEO."  Can 
any  of  your  readers  inform  me  of  such  a  person  ? 

H.  B.,  F.R.C.S. 
Warwick. 

[A  learned  individual  of  this  name  is  noticed  in  Jocher, 
Gelehrten- Lexicon,  s.  v. :  —  "  Car.  Anton,  de  Puteo,  sou  of 


Francis,  Marquis  of  Romagna  and  Count  of  Fendera,  was 
born  at  Bugella  on  Nov.  3,  1547.  Having  first  well 
studied  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages,  he  turned  his 
attention  to  philosophy  and  theology,  and  afterwards  to 
law,  in  which  he  became  a  doctor,  practising  for  some 
time  as  an  advocate  at  Turin.  He  next  became  Judge  of 
the  High  Fiscal  Court  at  Florence,  and  in  1582  Arch- 
bishop of  Pisa.  He  wrote  De  Potestate  Principis ;  de 
Feudis;  left  behind  him  many  excellent  works  in  manu- 
script; and  died  July  18,  1607."] 

"  Affiers"  Alefounders. — In  the  Norfolk  Chro- 
nicle of  Aug.  19,  1854,  it  is  stated  that  — 

"  At  a  Court  Leet,  or  Law  Day,  and  Court  of  the  Portmen 
of  the  borough  of  New  Buckenham,  &c.,  the  sub-bailiff, 
affiers,  searchers  and  sealers  of  leather,  examiners  of  fish 
and  flesh,  alefounders,  inspector  of  weights  and  measures, 
and  pinder,  were  appointed." 

I  want  to  know  what  the  "affiers"'  and  "ale- 
founders'  "  offices  are ;  though  I  suppose  the 
latter  to  be  the  ale-conners,  explained  by  Halli- 
well  as  inspectors  appointed  at  Courts  Leet,  to 
look  to  the  goodness  of  bread,  ale,  and  beer.  The 
searchers  and  sealers  of  leather,  without  doubt, 
were  originally  intended  to  enforce  the  "  many 
good  laws  made  (and  one  still  wanting  to  enforce 
the  keeping  of  them)  for  the  making  this  mer- 
chantable commodity"  (Fuller's  Worthies,  Mid- 
dlesex). E.  G.  R. 

[In  Blount's  Law  Dictionary  they  are  called  "Ar- 
FEERERS  (afferatores),  probably  from  the  Fr.  affier,  i.  e. 
to  confirm  or  affirm :  those  that  are  appointed  in  Courts 
Leet  upon  oath,  to  settle  and  moderate  the  fines  of  such 
as  have  committed  faults  arbitrarily  punishable,  and  have 
no  express  penalty  set  down  by  the  statute.  The  form  of 
their  oath  you  may  see  in  Kitchen,  fol.  4G.  The  reason  of 
this  appellation  seems  to  be,  because  those  that  are  ap- 
pointed to  this  office  do  affirm  upon  their  oaths,  what 
penalty  they  think  in  conscience  the  offended  hath  de- 
served. But  I  find  in  the  Customary  of  Normandy,  cap.  20., 
this  word  affeure,  which  the  Latin  interpreter  expresseth 
by  taxare,  that  is,  to  set  the  price  of  a  thing,  as  eestimare, 
indicare,  Sfc.,  which  etymology  seems  to  be  best."] 

Fenton1. <t  Notes  on  Milton. — I  want  information 
in  the  subject  of  a  volume  of  emendations  of  the 
text  of  the  Paradise  Lost,  published  in  1725,  and 
written  by  one  Fenton.  Who  was  he  ?  All  I 
know  on  the  subject  is  from  a  review  of  the  book 
in  the  Gentleman  s  Magazine,  vol.  i.  (February). 
C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBIT. 

Birmingham. 

[Our  correspondent  has  only  to  refer  to  Johnson's  Lives, 
or  any  biographical  dictionary,  for  notices  of  Elijah  Fen- 
ton,  who  is  thus  memorialised  by  his  friend  Pope : 

"  A  poet,  bless'd  beyond  the  poet's  fate, 
Whom  Heaven  kept  sacred  from  the  proud  and  great." 

In  1725  Fenton  revised  a  new  edition  of  Milton's  Worlis, 
and  prefixed  a  life  of  the  author.] 

King  John's  Palace.  —  King  John's  Palace  ift 
Tottenham  Court  was  his  hunting  palace  :  here 
King  John  and  his  nobles  enjoyed  the  sports  of 
the  field  in  hunting  wolves,  wild  bulls,  wild  boars, 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  259. 


foxes,  buck  stags,  &c.,  in  the  Black  or  Middlesex 
Forest  (now  the  Regent's  Park  and  Ken  Wood). 

Jane  Shore  once  resided  at  this  palace  in 
Tottenham  Court,  under  the  protection  of  King 
Edward  III.  Queen  Elizabeth  once  resided  in 
this  palace,  and  entertained  the  Russian  ambas- 
sador with  the  sports  of  the  forest  in  hunting  wild 
boar,  stags,  &c.  Oliver  Cromwell  had  a  military 
station  near  this  palace ;  no  doubt  he  resided  here, 
and  held  some  of  his  councils  of  war  in  this  palace. 
It  was  once  a  monastery  of  Carthusian  monks  ;  and 
they  had  a  subterraneous  passage  or  cloister  from 
this  religious  house  to  the  old  parish  church  of 
St.  Pancras,  in  the  village  which  is  nearly  one 
mile  distant.  This  passage  was  explored  by  a 
Mr.  Price  many  years  ago,  to  the  distance  of 
about  136  feet  to  140  feet :  he  was  stopped  from 
proceeding  any  farther  by  damp,  and  a  pool  of 
water.  The  remains  and  ruins  of  the  palace  were 
taken  down  about  the  year  1806. 

Could  any  of  the  readers  of  "  1ST.  &  Q."  give  me 
an  account  of  this  royal  palace,  or  an  account  of 
the  monastery  of  Carthusian  monks  ?  When  was 
it  dissolved  ?  Who  was  the  last  abbot  ?  Is  there 
any  print  of  this  palace  ?  S.  H. 

[A  print,  with  an  account  of  this  palace,  is  given  in 
Wilkinson's  Londina  Illustrata,  vol.  i. ;  it  is  entitled  "An 
ancient  structure,  denominated  in  various  records  King 
John's  Palace,  lately  situated  near  the  New  River  Com- 
pany's reservoir,  Tottenham  Court."  It  had  undergone 
many  repairs  and  patchings-up  previous  to  its  demolition 
in  1808.  Madox,  in  his  Formulare  Anglicanum,  fol.  1702, 
p.  32.,  has  given  a  document  entitled  "A  Composition  be- 
tween the  Carthusians,  near  London,  and  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  St.  Paul's,  and  the  Prebendary  of  Totenhale, 
concerning  certain  ways  within  the  Manor  and  Fields  of 
Bloomsbury ;"  but  it  seems  doubtful  whether  any  records 
are  extant  of  the  monastery.] 

Trajan  s  Palace. — In  what  year  was  the  floating 
summer  palace  of  the  Emperor  Trajan  weighed 
up  from  the  bottom  of  the  lake  Neini,  and  where 
can  I  find  a  good  account  of  it?  W.  E.  H. 

Birkenhead. 

[A  minute  description  of  this  wonderful  structure  is 
given  in  Grotier's  Tacitus,  Appendix,  pp.  4G6.  &c.  A  con- 
densed translation  of  this  iloating  palace — for  it  can 
scarcely  be  called  (as  Tacitus  calls  it)  a  ship  —  will  be 
found  in  Eustace's  Classical  Tour  thronc/h  Italy,  to  which 
is  subjoined  the  following  remark :  "  When  this  watery 
palace  sunk  we  know  not."  Again,  "  It  is  much  to  be 
lamented  that  some  method  has  not  been  taken  to  raise 
this  singular  fabric,  as  it  would  probably  contribute,  from 
its  structure  and  furniture,  to  give  us  a  much  greater  in- 
sight into  the  state  of  the  arts  at  that  period,  than  any 
remnant  of  antiquity  which  has  hitherto  been  disco- 
vered."] 

St.  Edward's  Oak.  —  Where  can  I  find  the 
account  of  the  destruction  by  lightning  of  St. 
Edward's  Oak,  in  Hoxne  ?  W.  E.  H. 

Birkenhead. 

[In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Nov.  1848,  pp.  469—471., 
is  a  letter  on  the  subject  of  the  great  oak  in  Hoxne  Wood. 


It  shows  the  improbability  of  its  being  the  tree  to  which 
St.  Edmund,  when  he  was  murdered,  was  fixed,  and  the 
absurdities  of  some  of  the  speculations  relating  to  it.  Tho 
details  of  these  speculations  may  be  found  in  the  Ipswich 
Journal,  Oct.  7,  1848,  and  Oct.  14,  1848.  See  also  St. 
James's  Chronicle,  Dec.  26 — 28,  1848  ;  Atheneeum,  Dec.  16, 
1848,  p.  1267. ;  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Feb.  1849,  pp.  183. 
185.] 

Bibliographical  Queries.  —  Please  let  me  have 
the  names  of  the  respective  authors  of  the  follow- 
ing books : 

1.  "  Essays  on  'the  Political  Circumstances  of  Ireland, 
written  during  the  Administration  of  Earl  Camdeii.    8vo. 
Dublin,  1799."     [Alexander  Knox?] 

2.  "  Sketches    of    Irish    Political    Characters.      8vo. 
London,  1799." 

3.  "  My  Pocket  Book ;  or,  Hints  for  '  A  Ryghte  Merrie 
and  Conceitede'  Tour,  in  4to.,  to  be  called  'The  Stranger 
in  Ireland,'  in  1805.     Small  8vo.    London,  1808." 

4.  "  Lines  written  at  Jerpoint  Abbey.    8vo.    London, 
1823." 

ABHBA. 

[No.  1.  is  attributed  to  Alexander  Knox  by  Watt. 
No.  3.  is  by  Edward  Dubois.  Nos.  2.  and  4.  must  remain 
as  queries.] 

Sir  John  Perrott.  —Who  was  the  author  of  The 
History  of  Sir  John  Perrott,  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
Ireland  ?  According  to  Mason  — 

"  This  work,  which  was  published  from  an  original 
document,  written  about  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 
in  some  measure  supplies  the  historical  defects  in  that 
reign,  as  it  contains  much  information  relative  to  Ireland 
during  the  time  this  unfortunate  statesman  held  the  reins 
of  government  there." — Bibliotheca  Hibernicana,  p.  20. 

It  is  a  small  8vo.  volume,  and  was  published  in 
London  in  1728.  ABHBA. 

[This  work  was  edited  by  the  celebrated  Richard  Raw- 
linson,  who  states  in  the  advertisement  that  "the  original 
manuscript  was  communicated  from  Ireland,  and  thither 
it  is  again  safely  transmitted.  The  author  is  unknown."] 

"  A  fair  island  Seat."  —  Can  any  correspondent 
favour  me  and  other  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  with 
an  explanation  of  this  sort  of  church  seat  ?  The 
phrase  occurs  in  the  life  of  Ferrar,  in  the  account 
of  the  family's  daily  procession  to  the  church  : 

"  As  the}'  came  into  church,  every  person  made  a  low 
obeisance,  and  all  took  their  appointed  places.  The 
masters  and  gentlemen  in  the  chancel ;  the  youths  knelt 
on  the  upper  step  of  the  half  space.  Mrs.  Ferrar,  her 
daughter,  and  all  her  granddaughters,  in  a  fair  island 
seat." 

H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

The  Rectory,  Clyst  St.  George,  Topsham. 

[According  to  Phillips,  in  his  New  World  of  Words,  it 
means  a  seat  in  the  isle  or  aisle.  He  says,  "Isle,  or 
island :  in  architecture,  isles  are  sides  or  wings  of  a  build- 
ing." But,  according  to  the  Glossary  of  Architecture, 
"  Many  writers  apply  the  word  isle  to  the  central,  as  well 
as  to  the  lateral  compartments.  Thus  Browne  Willis  has 
'  middle-isle '  repeatedly.  King,  in  his  Vale  Royal,  has 
'  the  body  is  distinguished  into  a  broad  middle  ile,  and 
two  lesser  iles  on  either  side.'  Blornfiekl  also  speaks  of 
the  middle  isle.  In  these  cases  the  word  must  be  con- 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


309 


sidered  as  isle,  island,  insula,  an  isolated  or  separate  com- 
partment of  a  building,  and  not  as  aile,  ala,  a  wing  or 
lateral  appendage."] 


INSCRIPTIONS    IN    BOOKS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  122.) 

The  following  are  taken  from  the  Rule  and 
Order  Books  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer  in  Ire- 
land : 

"  Woe  unto  thee  myn  arrow  wounded  heart, 
Storehouse  of  cares,  of  sorrow,  griefe,  and  smart. 
Sith  thou  breakest  not  of  grife  and  timely  eake, 
Noe  matter  now  whether  thou  bow  or  breake." 


"  A  man  in  tim  hig  he  may  dim, 

And  fortan  may  him  fed ; 
Bout  doun  he  shal,  and  have  a  fal, 
If  he  tak  not  hed." 


"  Si  fore  vis  sapiens  sex  serva  quae  tibi  mando. 
Quid  loqueris,  quantum,  de  quo,  cui,  quomodo,  quando.' 


"  Adsis  tu  nostris  conatibus  optime  christe." 

"  Desinat  incepto  similis  precor  exitus,  obsit 
Auspiciis  domiui  ne  mala  penna  mei." 


"  Quid  magis  durum  est  saxo,  quid  mollius  unda, 
l)ura  tamen  molli  saxa  cavantur  aqua." 


"  Tern  pore  lenta  pati  fraena  docentur  equi." 


Upon  one  of  the  membranes  of  the  Common 
Pleas  Roll  of  Ireland,  10  Edward  I.,  there  is  a 
pen-and-ink  sketch  of  the  profile  of  a  man's  face, 
and  at  one  side  of  it  are  the  followino-  words  : 

O 

"Qui  caput  hoc  pinxit,  pictorem  se  fore  finxir, 
Tejj  sic  pinxit  benedictus  a  demone  sic  sit." 

JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 
Dublin. 


In  that  very  beautifully  illustrated  work,  Hum- 
phrey's Illuminated  Boohs  of  the  Middle  Ages 
(folio,  London,  1844),  we  have  a  transcript  of  a 
remarkable  example  of  a  book-anathema,  which  I 
subjoin,  with  the  translation  there  given  : 

"  Liber  sancte  Marie  sanctique  Xicolai  in  Arrinstein. 
Quern  si  quis  abstulerit,  morte  moriatur,  in  sartagine  co- 
quatur,  caducus  morbus  instet  eum  et  febres,  et  rotatur,  et 
suspenditur.  Amen. 

"  The  book  of  S.  Mary  and  S.  Nicholas  in  Arrinstein ; 
the  which,  if  any  one  shall  purloin  it,  may  he  die  the 
death,  may  he  be  cooked  upon  a  gridiron,  m.iy  the  falling 
sickness  and  fevers  attack  him,  and  may  he  be  broken 
upon  the  wheel  and  hung.  Amen." 

The  MS.  in  which   this  tremendous   anathema  is 
found,  is  a  very  sumptuous  Bible  of  the  twelfth 


century,   amongst   the   Harleian   MSS.,   marked 
Harl.  2798-2799.  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 

One  of  the  inscriptions  given  by  J.  R.  G. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  123.)  is  quite  unintelligible  as  copied 
by  him,  but  will  be  i'ound  in  an  intelligible  form 
in  Cato  de  Moribus,  from  whom  it  has  been  taken. 
The  distich  is  as  follows  : 

"  Si  Deus  est  animus,  nobis  ut  carmina  dicunt, 
Hie  tibi  prajcipue  sit  pura  mente  colendus." 

Lib.  i.  Dist.  1. 

E.  S.  T.  T. 

Not  having  seen  the  following  among  the  book 
inscriptions  in  "N.  &  Q.,"  I  have  ventured  to  send 
it,  thinking  that  it  might  be  worth  the  notice  of 
some  of  your  readers.  I  give  it  as  I  received  it 
from  a  French  friend  : 

"  Qui  ce  livre  desrobera, 

Pro  suis  criminibus 

Sa  tete  au  gibet  portera 

Cum  aliis  latronibus ; 

Quelle  honte  ce  sera 

Pro  suis  parentibus. 
Si  hunc  librum  redidisset 
Pierrot  pendu  non  fuisset." 

F.  W.  R. 


LONGFELLOW  S    ORIGINALITY. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  583. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  77.) 

If  your  correspondents  J.  C.  B.  and  WM.  MAT- 
THEWS care  to  see  some  of  Mr.  Longfellow's  imi- 
tations, or,  more  properly  speaking,  plagiarisms, 
detected  and  exposed,  I  recommend  them  to  read 
an  article  on  this  very  subject  by  Edgar  Poe, 
which  will  be  found  at  p.  292.  of  the  third  volume 
of  the  New  York  edition  of  his  Works,  published 
in  1852  by  J.  S.  Redfield,  Clinton  Hall,  Nassau 
Street.  In  it  poor  Poe,  who  was  the  very 
"  Bucket  "  of  literary  detectives,  makes  out  a  very 
strong  case  against  the  Professor.  Poe  does  his 
work  honestly  and  straightforwardly.  After 
tracking  him  through  a  dozen  coincidences,  and 
pointing  out  a  host  of  parallelisms  between  par- 
ticular poems,  the  circumstantial  evidence  is  so 
strong  against  Mr.  Longfellow,  that  no  bystander 
attempts  to  interfere  when  the  critic  puts  his  hand 
on  the  poet's  shoulder  and  says,  "  You're  wanted, 
my  man  ! " 

But  Poe  never  accuses  Longfellow,  or  any  other 
author,  of  plagiarism  on  the  strength  of  one  iden- 
,ical  word  or  image,  as  too  many  people,  and  I 
am  sorry  to  say  a  great  many  of  your  corre- 
spondents, do.  For  example,  take  the  "  Parallel 
'deas  from  Poets,"  by  NOERIS  DECK,  at  Vol.  ix., 
).  121.  What  less  resemblance  can  there  possibly 
>e  between  any  two  ideas  in  the  world  (always 
excepting  of  course  the  time-honoured  difference 
f  chalk  and  cheese),  than  between  those  expressed 
n  the  passages  collated  from  Longfellow  and 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  259. 


Tennyson?  There  is  certainly  a  water-lily  in 
both,  as  there  is  an  M  in  Monraouth  and  in  Mase- 
don  ;  but  the  application  of  it,  the  treatment  of  it, 
by  the  two  poets,  is  as  different  as  light  from 
darkness.  Longfellow  merely  sees  a  resemblance 
between  the  presence  of  a  lily  on  water,  and  the 
continued  obtrusiveness  of  his  mistress'  image  on 
the  current  of  a  lover's  meditation.  The  simile  is 
a  very  shallo.v  one,  for  the  only  point  where  the 
two  things  compared  touch,  is  in  their  floating. 
Except  for  the  peculiar  beauty  of  the  flower,  any 
other  weed  or  plant  that  floats  and  swings  back- 
ward and  forward  with  the  current  of  a  stream 
would  have  answered  Mr.  Longfellow's  purpose 
equally  well. 

But  is  it  so  with  Tennyson  ? 

"  Xow  folds  the  lily  all  her  sweetness  up, 
And  slips  into  the  bosom  of  the  lake ; 
So  fold  thyself,  my  dearest  thou,  and  slip 
Into  my  bosom  "and  be  lost  in  me." 

Can  anything  be  more  beautiful  ?  Here  is  an 
entirely  different  attribute  of  the  water-lily  dis- 
cussed, and  brought  into  use  as  a  vehicle  to  con- 
vey the  poet's  finer  shades  of  meaning ;  and  how 
happily  it  is  seized,  and  moulded,  and  expressed, 
I  leave  to  the  appreciation  of  readers  and  lovers 
of  poetry.  One  attribute  did  I  say  ?  There  are 
four  distinct  attributes  of  the  lily  introduced, 
each  in  its  degree  shadowing  forth  the  yielding  up 
of  a  maiden  heart  into  the  hands  of  her  chosen 
lord.  The  simile  touches  in  four  places.  There 
are  first  and  second  the  folding  up  of  the  lily,  and 
its  being  lost  within  the  water,  which  beautifully 
typifies  the  absorption  and  loss  of  the  woman's  in- 
dividual character,  when  in  marriage  she  becomes 
a  part  of  her  husband,  in  such  marriage  as  Shak- 
speare  alludes  to  when  he  says  : 

"  Let  me  not  to  the  marriage  of  true  minds 
Admit  impediment." 

There  is  next  the  "  sweetness  "  of  the  lily  and  of 
the  maiden,  the  force  of  which  is  almost  increased 
by  the  carnal  manner  in  which  it  is  introduced. 
Finally,  there  is  the  gradual  and  gentle  nature  of 
the  change,  so  clearly  told  by  the  word  "  slips," 
"  And  slips  into  the  bosom  of  the  lake." 

There  is  no  sudden  wrench,  no  plucking  away 
from  old  habits,  and  ties,  and  ideas  ;  but  quietly 
and  smoothly,  as  the  lily  slips  into  the  water,  does 
the  woman,  all  unconsciously,  shape  herself  unto 
the  man,  showing  and  proving  how  fittingly  they 
am  mated. 

But  to  return  to  the  parallelism  which  your  cor- 
respondent thinks  he  has  detected.  It  resolves 
itself  after  all  into  this  :  Mr.  Longfellow  sees  a 
resemblance  between  a  certain  feeling  and  a  lily 
that  floats  on  the  water;  whereas  Mr.  Tennyson 
sees  a  resemblance  between  a  feeling  and  a  lily 
that  sinks  in  the  water.  In  short  there  is  no  pa- 
rallelism at  all ! 


Next,  let  us  examine  the  coincidence  between  a 
passage  in  Wordsworth's  Excursion,  and  one  in 
Keble's  Christian  Year.  According  to  Words- 
worth, the  book  in  which  the  dried  flowers  are 
preserved  is  merely  and  simply  an  almanac,  a 
lover's  memorandum-book,  by  the  aid  of  which 
the  disappointed  and  disgusted  man  is  enabled  to 
recall  the  spots  where  he  met  the  lady  of  his  love, 
and  the  conversations  they  had  held  on  particular 
occasions.  So  far  the  use  of  the  dried  leaves  is 
essentially  prosaic.  The  "  Daily  Souvenir,"  at  the 
end  of  Punch's  Pocket  Book,  would  have  been  far 
more  useful  than  such  a  "  memoria  technica." 

Unfortunately  I  have  not  got  a  copy  of  Keble's 
Christian  Year,  and  am  unacquainted  with  the 
passage  quoted  by  NORRIS  DECK  ;  but  from  the 
fragment  he  gives  ;it  is  easy  to  see  that  Keble 
likens  the  leaves  to  something.  This  Wordsworth 
does  not  attempt  to  do.  The  one  narrates  the 
existence  of  a  book  containing  dried  plants,  as  a 
fact  in  a  narrative  ;  the  other  draws  an  image 
from  the  general  habit  of  putting  dried  leaves  into 
books,  and  assimilates  these  leaves  to  something 
else,  at  present  unknown.  I  do  not  think,  there- 
fore, that  in  this  case  either  any  real  parallelism 
can  be  traced.  If  all  the  poets  who  have  used  the 
moon  as  a  simile,  in  some  shape  or  other,  were  to 
be  enumerated,  and  the  passages  in  which  they 
have  done  so  counter-columned,  there  would  be 
no  library  large  enough  to  contain  the  volume. 

Finally,  what  atom  of  resemblance  is  there  be- 
tween the  last  two  parallel  passages  selected  by 
NORRIS  DECK  ?  I  can  see  none  whatever.  For 
surely  your  correspondent  does  not  mean  to  found 
any  charge  of  imitation  or  plagiarism  on  the 

"  Weave  we  our  mirthful  dance  " 
of  Moore, "and  the 

"  Wove  the  gay  dance  " 

of  Keble  ?  The  expression  "  to  weave  a  dance  " 
is  as  old  as  the  hills,  and  has  been  the  common 
property  of  all  poets,  poetasters,  ballad-mongers, 
and  what  are  called  "  fine  writers,"  for  the  last 
dozen  centuries  :  and  if  not  on  this  account,  I  am 
quite  at  a  loss  to  know  why  the  two  passages  in 
question  have  been  collated.  Perhaps  your  cor- 
respondent will  kindly  inform  me  ? 

I  have  been  betrayed  already  into  a  much 
longer  "note"  than  I  had  intended  originally, 
but  I  must  beg  leave  to  trespass  a  little  farther  on 
your  patience  and  that  of  your  readers.  My  ob- 
ject is  to  remonstrate  against  these  fancied  re- 
semblances which  many  of  your  correspondents 
are  so  fond  of  drawing.  For  I  nii<;ht  just  as 
easily  dissect  and  disprove  the  similarity  which 
SERVIENS  discovers  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  73.,  between  a 
poem  of  Thomas  Campbell's  and  the  prose  of  the 
author  of  a  History  of  the  Stage.  The  object  of 
your  correspondents  is  to  imply  plagiarism.  They 
don't  say  out  and  openly,  "  Here  has  so-and-so 


OCT.  14.  18,54.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


311 


been  stealing  from  so-and-so,"  but  they  say, 
"  This  passage  looks  uncommon  like  that  passage, 
eh  ?  don't  you  think  so  ?  "  and  they  shake  their 
head  and  pass  on,  leaving  the  impression  of  the 
nuthor's  guilt  to  fix  itself  into  the  mind  of  every 
listener  or  observer.  Now  this  is  not  fair;  down- 
right plagiarism  is  so  disgraceful  a  crime  that  a 
man  ought  not  to  be  lightly  accused  of  it.  A  pla- 
ginrism  ought,  strictly  speaking,  only  to  be  so 
called  either  when  an  author  has  handled  a  sub- 
ject in  the  identical  way  in  which  some  previous 
author  has  treated  it,  and  when  a  succession  of 
the  same  ideas  is  to  be  found  in  both  ;  or,  when 
one  peculiar  turn  of  thought  correspondingly  ex- 
pressed, is  to  be  found  in  two  authors.  To  make 
my  meaning  clearer,  I  will  give  you  a  specimen  of 
what  is  a  plagiarism  and  what  is  not. 

Moore,  in  one  of  his  Irish  melodies,  has  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"  I  said  (while 
The  moon's  smile 

Play'd  o'er  a  stream,  in  dimpling  bliss) 
The  moon  looks 
On  many  brooks, 

The  brook  can  see  no  moon  but  this." 

This  is  a  plagiarism,  and  Moore  himself  acknow- 
ledges it,  and  tells  us  in  a  foot-note  that  this 
image  was  "  suggested"  by  the  following  thought, 
which  occurs  somewhere  in  Sir  William  Jones's 
work : 

"  The  moon  looks  upon  many  night-flowers,  the  night- 
flower  sees  but  one  moon." 

Suggested,  indeed !  Moore  might  just  as  well 
have  said  that  it  was  taken  from  Sir  William 
Jones's  works  bodily,  and  without  any  alteration 
of  importance.  Moore's  confession,  hotyever,  does 
not  make  this  the  less  a  plagiarism ;  a  poet  has  no 
business  to  go  about  versifying  other  people's 
ideas.  Moore  was  too  fond  of  doing  so  ;  indeed, 
he  is  the  least  original  poet  in  the  English  lan- 
guage. But  let  this  be  parenthetical. 

In  the  above  quotation  the  very  peculiar  turn 
of  thought  in  Jones's  works  is  copied  literally  by 
Moore.  Whoever  does  this  is  a  plagiarist. 

Now  for  a  coincidence  which  is  not  a  plagiarism. 

In  Tennyson's  poem  of  the  "Lady  Clara  Vere 
de  Vere"  occur  the  following  lines: 

"  Howe'er  it  be,  it  seems  to  me, 
'Tis  only  noble  to  be  good." 

In  the  ballad  of  "  Winifreda,"  in  Percy's  Reliques, 
we  find  — 

"  We'll  shine  in  more  substantial  honours, 
And  to  be  noble  we'll  be  good."          ' 

I  don't  know  whether  this  accidental  resemblance 
has  ever  been  noticed  before,  but  that  it  is  acci- 
dental I  fully  believe.  The  idea  of  goodness  and 
worth  being  the  only  true  nobility,  must  have 
originated  when  it  was  first  discovered  that  rank 
and  villany  were  not  incompatible.  When  that 
discovery  was  made  I  leave  to  keener  explorers 


into  old  world  history  than  myself  to  decide.  But 
in  a  variety  of  shapes  the  same  sentiment  has  been 
differently  expressed  by  English  poets.  Pope's 
line  — 

"  An  honest  man's  the  noblest  work  of  God," 

is  merely  this  same  thought  in  a  different  dress  ; 
which  else  is  the  idea  in  Burns'  song,  of  which  the 
chorus  is  — 

"  The  rank  is  but  the  guinea  stamp, 
The  man's  the  gowd  for  a'  that  ?  " 

The  sentiment  being  common  property,  it  is 
merely  curious  to  observe  that  Mr.  Tennyson  and 
the  old  ballad  author  express  it  with  the  same 
epigrammatic  terseness  —  as  a  singular  coinci- 
dence it  is  worth  noting  —  for  perhaps  Mr.  Ten- 
nyson himself  may  never  have  had  it  pointed  out 
to  him  before ;  but  no  person  surely  could  be 
found  to  charge  him  with  plagiarism  on  account 
of  it ;  and  yet  it  is  a  closer  imitation  in  terms  than 
any  of  your  correspondents  have  pointed  out. 

S.B. 
Lucknow. 


MR.  DYMOND'S  quotation  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  425.) 
from  the  traveller's  book  at  the  Raven,  at  Zurich, 
of  the  distich  written  by  Longfellow  on  the 
Raven,  bears  a  very  suspicious  resemblance  to  the 
lines  attributed  to  Quin,  and  I  believe  also  to 
Jekyll : 

"  The  famous  inn  at  Speenhamland, 

That  stands  below  the  hill, 
May  well  be  call'd  the  '  Pelican,' 
From  its  enormous  bill." 

J.  H.  L. 


SONNET    BY    BLANCO    WHITE,    ETC. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  469.  552.) 

Agreeably  with  the  suggestion  in  your  motto,  I 
have  made  a  Note,  in  consequence  of  having  just 
found  that  the  leading  thought  in  that  very  strik- 
ing sonnet  from  Blanco  White,  with  which  you 
recently  treated  your  readers,  occurs  in  Bacon's 
treatise  De  Augm.  Scientiarum,  lib.  i.,  where  he 
says : 

"Scitissime  dixit  quidam  Platonicus:  'Sensus  humanos 
solem  referre,  qui  quidem  revelat  terrestrem  globum,  coe- 
lestem  vero  et  stellas  obsignat ; '  sic  sensus  reserant  na- 
turalia,  divina  occludunt.  Atque  hinc  evenit,  nonmillos 
e  doctiorum  manipulo  in  hseresin  lapsos  esse,  quum 
ceratis  sensuum  alis  inuixi,  ad  divina  evolare  contende- 
rent." 

Bacon's  portion  of  this  passage  exhibits  a  cha- 
racteristic specimen  of  that  poetical  vein  by  which 
his  style  is  as  generally  marked  as  by  the  pro- 
fundity of  his  philosophy. 

Let  Bacon's  name  introduce  another  Note.  He 
had  just  been  named  by  Guizot,  in  the  introduc- 
tion to  his  Histoire  de  la  Civilisation  en  France, 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Xo.  259. 


and  the  mention  of  him  is  followed  'by  a  most 
remarkable  instance  of  forgetfulness  of  what  he 
had  done  for  philosophy. 

"  Je  porte,"  proceeds  M.  Guizot  in  the  next  sentence, 
"  mes  regards  sur  les  temps  de  la  plus  grande  activite'  in- 
telleetuelle  de  I'Angleter.-e,  sur  les  epoques  oil  il  semble 
que  les  idees,  le  mouvement  des  esprits,  aient  tenu  le  plus 
de  place  dans  son  histoire ;  je  prends  la  crise  politique  et 
religieuse  des  xvi°  et  xviie  siecles.  Personne  n'ignore 
quel  prodigieux  mouvement  a  travaille*  alors  PAngleterre. 
Quelqu'un  pourrait-il  me  dire  quel  grand  systeme  philoso- 
phique,  quelles  grandes  doctrines  generates,  et  devenues 
europeennes,  ce  mouvement  a  enfantes?  II  n'a  guere 
^leve1  ni  agrandi,  directement  du  moins,  1'horizon  de 
1'esprit  humain ;  il  n'a  point  allume  un  de  ces  grands 
flambeaux  intellectuels  qui  e'claireut  toute  une  e"poque." — 
P.  10. 

And  this  is  said  by  a  philosophical  writer,  cer- 
tainly not  unfriendly  to  our  nation,  of  the  state  of 
philosophy  in  England  in  the  days  of  Bacon  and 
Newton ! 

I  be<;  leave  to  thank  M.  H.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  194.)  for 
correcting  the  error  in  ray  last  communication 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  152.),  which  gave  1580  as  the  date  of 
the  death  of  Henry  II.  of  France.  It  had  escaped 
my  observation,  when  writing  with  Le  Noir 
(planche  iii.)  before  me,  where  "mart  en  1580"  is 
engraved.  His  next  plate,  representing  the  sar- 
cophagus and  recumbent  statue  of  his  widow, 
Catharine  de  Medici,  has  the  same  date  engraved 
upon  it  as  that  of  her  death,  who  lived  till  Janu- 
ary, 1588-9. 

I  had  thought  that  C.  T.  was  unacquainted  with 
•Le  Noir's  Musee  des  Man.  Franq.,  from  his  using 
the  language  of  uncertainty,  and  arguing  from 
mere  probabilities,  when  he  wished  to  prove  that 
a  certain  description  of  sepulchral  effigies  were 
intended  to  represent  dead  corpses,  upon  which 
question  the  series  of  monuments  preserved  by 
Le  Noir  is  incontestably  decisive ;  though  the 
effigy  of  Catharine  de  Medici  on  her  husband's 
tomb  is  a  very  remarkable  exception. 

HENRY  WALTER. 

Hasilbury  Bryan. 


THE    HIGHLANDS  OF    SCOTLAND    AND    THE    GRECIAN 
ARCHIPELAGO. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  180.) 

Probably  many  links  of  connexion  might  be 
found  between  Britain  and  Greece.  In  the  first  | 
peopling  of  countries,  it  is  observable  that  the 
tendency  of  emigration  or  progress  is  to  the 
south,  south-east,  south-west,  and  that  the  offsets 
branched  southward. 

Where  we  find  a  northward  shoot,  we  may  ge- 
nerally suppose  it  impelled  by  antagonistic  force, 
and  obliged  to  seek  refuge  in  a  mountainous  and 
less  agreeable  region,  whence,  having  gained 
strength  and  hardihood,  it  bursts  forth  at  the  ap- 


pointed time.  This  appears  to  me  a  useful  rule, 
though  of  course  it  has  exceptions. 

Our  first  race  of  Scythians  seem  to  have  passed 
westward  along  the  northern  coast  of  the  Euxine, 
bringing  with  them  the  sheep  and  goats  of  the 
Caucasus,  and  the  horses  of  Cappadocia-Tagarraah. 
From  this  stream  the  first  inhabitants  of  Mace- 
donia, Thrace,  Thessaly,  probably  parted  off; 
giving  rise  to  fables,  concealing  much  truth,  about 
the  Centaurs  and  others.  These  people,  like  their 
parent  stock,  were  shepherds,  following  the  rule 
of  the  Old  World,  by  passing  through  the  shep- 
herd state  before  tilling  the  earth  ;  and  even  in 
Herodotus'  time  the  latter  occupation  was  thought 
derogatory. 

I  expect  Caranus  belongs  to  a  shepherd  race 
passing  from  Phrygia  along  a  more  southern 
latitude ;  a  royal  race,  the  time  later,  and  the 
race  more  civilised.  Thus,  perhaps,  Greece  re- 
ceived the  horse  and  the  olive. 

Abaris,  the  Hyperborean,  acknowledged  the 
connexion  of  his  country,  Ireland,  with  Northern 
Greece,  by  bringing  first-fruits  to  Dodona,  to  be 
forwarded  thence  to  Delos ;  and  of  course  the 
same  connexion  existed  with  Scotland. 

Dr.  E.  D.  Clarke,  vol.  iv.  p.  382.,  says,  quoting 
Stephanus : 

"  Bormiscus  is  mentioned  as  a  town  of  Macedonia, 
where  Euripides  was  lacerated  by  a  kind  of  dogs,  called 
in  the  Macedonian  tongue  Esterices.  It  would  be  curious 
to  ascertain  whether  an  etymology  for  this  name  exists 
in  any  appellation  given  to  a  peculiar  breed  of  dogs 
among  the  northern  nations  of  Europe." 

Adding  in  a  note  : 

"  It  comes  nearest  to  the  French  word  terrier,  said  to 
be  derived  from  the  Latin  terra;  but  the  French  word 
may  be  the  older  of  the  two." 

Can  the  root  of  the  word  be  found  in  Celtic? 
and  the  origin  of  the  breed  in  Scotland  ?  Has 
any  traveller  seen  Scotch  terriers  in  Turkey  ? 

Again,  when  Xerxes,  previous  to  the  battle  of 
Thermopylfe,  sent  to  reconnoitre  the  Spartan 
troops,  they  were  seen  performing  gymnastics, 
and  combing  their  hair  by  a  fountain.  This  re- 
minds us  of  the  old  Scotch  ballad, 

"  Where  fair  Gyl  Morice  sat  alone, 

And  careless  combed  his  yellow  hair." 

An  investigation  of  head  ornaments  might,  I 
think,  elucidate  many  ancient  relationships. 

I  have  somewhere  read  of  Druidical  remains  in 
Thrace,  but  made  no  note ;  I  should  be  very 
thankful  for  a  reference.  I  do  not  mean  that  I 
should  consider  such  remains  any  proof  of  con- 
nexion between  the  two  countries,  for  I  believe 
Druidisra  too  general  to  be  so ;  the  link  was 
formed  before  the  purer  form  of  worship  had  de- 
generated into  any  of  the  later  systems,  the  growth 
of  extraneous  circumstances. 

I  venture  on  this  note  in  the  hope  that  it  may 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


313 


lead   some  one  better  qualified  than  myself  to 
continue  the  inquiry.  F.  C.  B. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Heliographic  Engraving.  —  At  the  sitting  of  the  Aca- 
demy of  Sciences  of  Paris,  on  Monday  the  2nd  instant, 
M.  Nie'pce  de  Sainct  Victor  presented  another  and  most 
important  memoir  upon  this  subject.  It  was  accompanied 
by  two  engravings,  executed  according  to  this  process  by 
M.  Kittaut;  one  being  a  portrait  of  the  present  Emperor 
of  the  French,  which  had  been  retouched ;  the  other  a 
view  of  La  Ijibliotheque  du  Louvre.  The  latter,  which  is 
printed  in  La  Lumiere  of  Saturday  last,  shows,  by  its 
minuteness  of  detail  and  the  harmony  of  its  tones,  the 
state  of  perfection  to  which  this  admirable  discovery  of 
the  uncle  and  nephew  (M.  Nie'pce  and  M.  Nie'pce  de  Sainct 
Victor)  has  already  attained.  As  the  memoir  is  of  a 
length  to  prevent  our  giving  a  translation  of  it  (at  least 
this  week),  we  must  content  ourselves  with  stating  that 
the  varnish  for  the  coating  of  the  steel  plate  now  em- 
ployed by  M.  Nie'pce  de  Sainct  Victor  is  composed  of — 

Benzine     ------     90  grammes 

Essential  oil  of  lemon  (pure)       -        -     10  grammes 
Bitumen  of  Judaea  (pure)  '2  grammes 

This  varnish  is  far  more  fluid  than  that  originally  pro- 
posed, and  consequently  gives  a  more  delicate  coating  to 
the  plate ;  and  in  proportion  to  the  delicacy  of  the  coat- 
ing is  not  only  the  rapidity  with  which  it  is  acted  upon 
by  the  light,  but  also  the  minuteness  of  its  details,  and 
the  harmony  of  its  half-tones.  The  only  objection  to 
this  varnish,  namely,  that  it  does  not  offer  sufficient  re- 
sistance to  the  aqua  fortis,  M.  Nie'pce  de  Sainct  Victor  has 
got  over  by  means  of  certain  fumigations  to  which  he 
subjects  the  plate,  as  in  the  daguerreotype  process.  Full 
details  are  given  by  him  on  all  these  points,  and  we 
cannot  conclude  this  notice,  which  has  for  its  object  to 
direct  the  attention  of  our  photographic  friends  to  this 
most  important  branch  of  the  art,  without  paying  our 
tribute  of  acknowledgment  to  M.  Nicpce  de  Sainct  Victor 
for  the  liberality  with  -which  he  lays  before  the  world  the 
results  of  his  laborious  researches. 

Buckle's  Brush. —  In  a  recent  Number  of  "N.  &  Q.," 
Dr..  DIAMOND  has  taken  upon  himself  to  designate  Buc- 
kle's brush  as  a  "clumsy  invention"  (or  words  to  that 
effect). 

This  assertion  I  consider  both  unjust  and  without  the 
slightest  foundation ;  and  if  left  uncontradicted  may  be 
the  means  of  deterring  persons  from  adopting  its  use, 
under  the  impression  that  the  accusation  was  true.  The 
best  proof,  1  consider,  that  can  b«  brought  as  testimonv 
in  its  favour,  is  the  fact  of  its  being  used  so  universally 
after  the  test  of  years,  and  that  in  the  hands  of  calotypists 
whose  productions  are  eminently  successful.  Never,  in  a 
single  instance,  have  I  known  it  discarded  when  once 
adopted,  and  its  useful"  and  cleanly  qualities  ascertained 
and  appreciated;  whereas  in  many  cases  the  continued 
failures  arising  from  the  use  of  rods  and  plates  of  glass 
have  probably  driven  many  a  young  beginner  to  abandon 
the  process  in  despair. 

It  is  really  a  great  pity  that  those  who  have  been  suc- 
cessful in  any  particular  method  of  manipulation,  are  so 
frequently  apt  to  imagine  their  modus  onvrandi  superior  to 
all  others. 

When  the  Buckle's  brush  has  been  used,  its  advantages 
over  the  other  methods  of  preparing  the  Talbotype  papers 
will  be  readily  perceived  by  any  unprejudiced  person; 
and  surely  the  thanks  of  all  lovers  of  this  beautiful  art 


are  due  to  Mr.  Buckle  for  his  useful  and  most  admirable 
invention  ;  which,  as  regards  cleanliness  and  simplicity, 
is  everything  that  can  be  desired. 

One  peculiar  advantage  that  it  possesses  is  of  the  ut- 
most importance  in  the  paper  process.  Thus,  in  develop- 
ing, two  or  more  brushes  Anay  be  used ;  firstly,  one  with 
the  gallo-nitrate,  and  afterwards  one  with  the  gallic  acid 
alone.  Should  any  part  of  the  picture,  however,  not 
develope  sufficiently  with  the  gallic  acid  solution,  the 
gallo-nitrate  brush  may  again  be  applied  to  those  places 
which  have  not  been  impressed  enough  in  the  camera. 
Again,  should  any  part  of  the  picture  (a  church  tower  or 
other  object  in  the  distance,  for  instance)  develope  too 
r;ipidly,  the  same  may  be  much  retarded  by  using  a  third 
brush  with  plain  water  alone,  thus  weakening  the  solu- 
tions on  that  particular  part.  This  I  have  done  several 
times  with  much  advantage,  when  the  picture  would 
most  likely  have  been  lost,  or  the  beaut}'  much  impaired, 
had  any  other  method  of  developing  been  used. 

GALLO-NITHATE. 

Hull. 

Sugar  of  Milk  and  Grape  Sugar :  Bichloride  of  Mer- 
cury. — 

1.  Will  sugar  of  milk   answer  the   same  purpose  as 
grape  sugar  or  old  honey,  recommended  by  Mi:.  MAX- 
WELT,  LYTE  for  his  instantaneous  process,  No.  xxii.  p.  30. 
of  Photographic  Journal  ? 

2.  Of  what  strength  is  the  solution  of  bichloride   of 
mercury  to  be,  which  is  recommended  in  the  same  Num- 
ber of  the  same  work  by  Mr.  Dickson,  for  removing  the 
dirty  yellow  appearance  caused  by  the  lengthened  im- 
mersion in  hypo,  of  our  printed  positives?  and  how  long 
should  the  print  be  allowed  to  float  on  the  solution? 

As  the  Photographic  Journal  appears  but  once  a  month, 
B.  J.  would  be  greatly  obliged  by  an  answer  in  that  very 
interesting  periodical  "  N.  &  Q." 

[1.  No.  The  action  of  grape  sugar  is  very  different 
from  that  of  sugar  of  milk. 

2.  We  do  not  know  what  is  the  strength  employed  by 
Mr.  Dickson,  but  we  have  made  some  experiments  our- 
selves; but  though  we  have  removed  the  yellow  colour, 
we  have  produced  a  colour  still  more  disagreeable.  So 
that  the  remedy  seems  like  that  of  the  old  proverb,  which 
speaks  of  eating  garlic  to  hide  the  smell  of  onions.] 


tn  $3tnnr  ©ucrtai. 

Biographies  of  Living  Authors  (Vol.  x.,  p.  220.). 
—  I  agree  with  M.  that,  the  list  which  he  proposes 
would"  be  useful,  but  I  fear  it  will  be  brief. 
Strange  that  he  did,  not  observe  in  the  advertise- 
ment prefixed  to  toe  two-volume  edition,  a  re- 
ference to  a  preceding  work,  — 

"Catalogue  of  five  hundred  celebrated  authors  of  Great 
Britain,  now  living.  Loud. :  Faukler,  1788." 

Some  of  your  correspondent's  questions  are,  I 
think,  too  puerile  for  "  N.  &  Q."  However,  to 
one  or  two  I  will  reply. 

Tlie  chaplain  to  the  Lock  Hospital  who  advo- 
cated polygamy  was  Martin  Madan,  brother  to 
the  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  great-nephew  to- 
Lord  Chancellor  Cowper,  and  a  relation  and  friend 
of  the  poet  Cowper,  in  whose  letters  he  and  his 
Thelyplhora  are  repeatedly  mentioned. 

How  the  Princess  Olive  "  began  her  career  "  I 


314 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  259. 


know  not,  but  in  1813  she  published  The  Life 
of  the  Author  of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  the  Bev. 
Jas.  Wilmot,  D.D. ;  and  subsequently,  1817,  Sir 
Philip  Francis  Denied.  B.  L.  A. 

It  is  perhaps  not  amiss  to  state,  as  some  gua- 
rantee for  the  accuracy  of  the  notes  in  A  Biogra- 
phical Dictionary  of  Living  Authors,  8fc.,  London, 
1816,  8vo.,  that  this  work  is  the  anonymous  com- 
pilation of  that  careful  and  industrious  antiquary, 
the  late  William  Upcott.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

Forensic  Jocularities  (Vol.  x.,  p.  253.).  —  The 
following  lines  are  extracted  from  An  Historical 
Account  of  the  Blue  Blanket,  or  Craftsmen's 
Banner,  containing  the  fundamental  Principles  of 
the  Good-  Town,  with  the  Powers  and  Prerogatives 
of  the  Crafts  of  Edinburgh,  fy-c.,  2nd  edition, 
Edinburgh,  1780,  pp.98-9.  They  may  legitimately 
enough  be  included  under  the  head  "  forensic,"  in 
so  far  as  disputation  is  concerned,  and  must  be 
confessed  as  quite  eclipsing  anything  that  has 
hitherto  appeared  in  "  N,  &  Q."  emanating  from 
the  law  courts.  The  "  Scottish  Solomon  "  cer- 
tainly shines  peculiarly  bright  on  this  occasion. 

"  So  after  his  (James  I.'s)  accession  to  the  throne  of 
England,  and  when  he  returned  to  his  native  country, 
Scotland,  and  made  his  entry  into  Edinburgh,  16th  of 
May,  1617,  joy  appeared  in  every  one  of  their  (the 
citizens')  countenances.  .  .  .  Next  day  his  majesty 
was  pleased  to  honour  the  University  with  his  presence 
at  a  philosophical  disputation  in  the  oriental  languages 
by  the  professors  of  philosophy,  Mr.  John  Adamson,  Mr. 
James  Fairly,  Mr.  Patrick  Sands,  Mr.  Andrew  Young, 
Mr.  James  Reid,  and  Mr.  William  King.  When  the 
exercise  was  over,  his  majesty  was  pleased  to  compliment 
the  disputants  in  the  following  poem,  which  by  them  was 
variously  pain  (perhaps  payne  or  pagan)  Latin: 

"  As  Adam  was  the  first  of  men,  whence  all  beginning 

take, 

So  Adam-son  was  president,  and  first  man  of  this  act ; 
The  Thesis  Fair-lie  did  defend,  which  tho'  they  lies 

contain, 
Yet  were  fair  lies,  and  he  the  same  right  fairly  did 

maintain. 
The  field  first  enter'd  Mr.  Sands,  and  there  he  made  me 

see 
That  not  all  Sands  are  barren  sands,  but  that  some 

fertile  be. 

Then  Mr.  Young  most  subtil}'  the  Thesis  did  impugn, 
And  kythed  old  in  Aristotle,  altho'  his  name  be  Young. 
To  him  succeeded  Mr.  Reid,  who  tho'  Red  be  his  name, 
Need  neither  for  his  dispute  blush,  nor  of  his  speech 

think  shame. 

Last  enter'd  Mr.  King  the  lists,  and  dispute  like  a  king, 
How  reason  reigning  like  a  queen,  should  anger  under 

bring. 
To  their  deserved  praise  have  I  thus  play'd  upon  their 

names, 
And  will  this  college  hence  be  called  the  College  of 

King  JAMES." 

G.N. 

Tiplers  (Vol.  x.,  p.  182.).  —  This  word  occurs, 
as  at  Boston,  in  the  corporation  records  of  the 


town  and  port  of  Seaford,  co.  Sussex.  Various 
persons  in,  and  later  than,  the  26th  of  Elizabeth, 
are  presented  at  the  quarter-sessions  for  engaging 
in  typlyng  without  the  permission  of  the  autho- 
rities. Sometimes  they  are  called  communes  tipu- 
latores.  The  following  bond  is  upon  a  loose  paper 
in  the  corporation  chest : 

"  Sefforde.  Ma.  qd.  duodecimo  die  Junii,  anno  regni 
Regine  Elizabethe,  &c.  xxvi.,  coram  Rico  Smithe  balliv' 
de  Sefforde  p'dic'  et  jurat'  eiusdem  ville,  tune  et  ib'm 
venit,  Symone  Collingham  de  Sefforde  p'dic',  TIPLEU,  et 
manucepit  p'  serp'o,  sub  pena  quinque  librar',  levand'  ad 
usu'  dee  Dne  Regine,  de  bonis  et  catallis  terr'  et  ten't  suis, 
ubicumque,  &c. 

"  The  Condicon  of  this  Recognizance  is  suche  that  the 
above-bounden  Symon  Collingham  from  hensforth  duringe 
the  time  that  he  shal  be  a  tipler  wthin  the  towne  of  Sef- 
forde, do  well,  honestly,  and  orderly  use  gov'ne  and  dis- 
pose himself  and  his  householde  in  all  thinges  belonginge 
to  his  office  accordinge  to  the  intencon,  forme,  and  mean- 
ing of  the  queen's  matics  lawes  in  that  case  p'vided.  And 
also  hereafter  do  maintaine,  or  kepe,  or  suffer  to  be  kepte 
and  used  no  unlawfull  games  nor  evill  rule  within  the 
p'cinctes  of  his  house,  garden,  or  orchardes,  duringe  the 
said  time  of  his  tiplinge,"  &c. 

Since  the  days  of  the  maiden  queen  the  word 
has  undergone  a  total  change  of  meaning ;  and 
"  tippler "  has  become  a  good  Johnsonian  ex- 
pression for  the  consumer  rather  than  the  seller 
of  beer. 

Tippler  as  a  surname  still  exists  in  the  county 
of  Essex.  MARK  ANTONY  LOWEK. 

Lewes. 

"  Credo,  Domine"  Sfc.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  163.).  —  The 
author  of  this  justly  esteemed  prayer  was  Pope 
Clement  XL,  who  filled  the  papal  chair  from  1700 
to  1721.  It  finds  a  place  in  most  Catholic  Prayer 
Books  under  the  title  of  the  "  Universal  Prayer." 

F.  C.  H. 

Stanzas  in  "  Childe  Harold"  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  223.  et 
passim).  —  In  your  Notices  to  Correspondents  in 
No.  220.,  14th  January,  1854,  you  invite  MR. 
KERSLAKE  to  send  an  extract  from  his  Catalogue, 
illustrating  this  corrupted  passage.  As  it  has  not 
appeared  in  your  columns,  I  presume  he  has  not 
sent  it,  and  I  now  supply  his  omission,  thinking 
that  a  reading  so  very  different  to  any  suggested, 
will  not  be  unacceptable  to  those  correspondents 
who  took  an  interest  in  this  question  when  it  was 
first  mooted  by  your  correspondent  T.  W. 

"189.  Byron's  Childe  Harold,  canto  iv.,  1818,  1st  edit. 

"The  fourth  canto  contains  transcripts  of  Lord  Byron's 
own  manuscript  notes  and  corrections  from  his  own  copy. 

"  These  corrections  do  not  appear  to  have  come  under 
the  notice  of  any  of  the  editors  of  Childe  Harold's  Pil- 
grimage,. 

"  In  the  line  — 

'  Thy  waters  wasted  them  while  they  were  free,' 
the  two  words  '  wafted  power '  are  written  in  the  margin, 
and  '  wasted  them  '  underlined,  and  this  note  is  annexed : 
'  Wasted,  not  in  the  MS.,  but  is  some  interpolation  of  Mr. 
Murray's  printers.'    At  the  beginning  of  the  volume  is 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


this  memorandum,  signed  by  an  eminent  literary  ac- 
quaintance of  Lord  Byron :  «  The  MS.  notes  in  this  copy 

•were  transcribed  by from  a  copy  of  Lord  Byron's 

own,  which  he  saw  when  at ,  and  by  him  commu- 
nicated to  me.  The  original  notes  are  in  Lord  B.'s  own 
handwriting.' " 

CBRVUS. 

"  Rule  Britannia  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  222.)-  —  The 
crest  of  "  N.  &  Q."  is  an  elephant's  trunk,  which 
is  apt  at  all  things,  from  unrooting  a  tree  to 
picking  up  a  pin.  On  the  pin  headed  as  above, 
it  may  be  noted  that  the  little  solecism  in  gram- 
mar, "  not  so  blest  as  thee,"  is  so  nearly  sancti- 
fied by  common  usage,  that  it  gives  no  offence. 
It  has  ceased  to  be  malum  in  se,  though  still 
malum  prohibitum.  This  happens  especially  with 
pronouns ;  and  when  corresponding  things  happen 
in  Greek,  they  have  their  learned  names,  by  which 
Discipulus  must  be  prepared  to  defend  them,  on 
pain  of  what  next.  Nothing  is  more  common 
than  "between  you  and  I,"  which  should  be  "be- 
tween you  and  me ; "  but  even  Tom  Moore,  a 
correct  writer,  has  — 

"  To  make  up  a  little  speech, 
Just  between  little  you  and  little  I,  I,  I." 

where  it  would  have  been  as  easy  to  have  made 
the  little  pair  see  between  you  and  me,  as  try  be- 
tween you  and  /. 

The  amendment  proposed  by  your  correspon- 
dent contains,  in  the  words  "  free  as  now,"  some- 
thing which  I  cannot  describe  of  incongruity, 
such  as  exists  in  a  very  exaggerated  form  in  the 
following : 

"  The  nations  not  so  blest  as  you, 

Shall  in  their  turn  to  tyrants  fall ; 

But  you  shall  flourish,  good  as  new, 

The  dread  and  envy  of  them  all." 

My  emendation  would  be  on  the  matter.  The 
prophecy  is  savage,  and  the  word  dread  is  neither 
true  in  fact,  nor  desirable,  nor  producible  to 
foreigners  with  any  show  of  courtesy.  Suppose 
it  ran  thus : 

"  Though  nations  not  so  blest  as  thee, 

Should  in  their  turn  to  tyrants  fall ; 
Thou  still  shalt  flourish,  great  and  free, 
The  hope  and  envy  of  them  all." 

Shortly  after  the  revolution  of  1830,  Mr.  J.  S. 
Buckingham  published  our  national  songs  with 
some  variations  in  favour  of  a  more  kindly  feeling 
towards  foreigners.  What  he  did  with  the  verse 
in  question  I  forget.  M. 

Notaries  (Vol.  x.,  p.  87.).  —  The  use  of  notarial 
seals  would  seem  to  be  of  English  origin.  The 
French,  like  the  Spanish,  have  adopted,  in  their 
stead,  a  pen-and-ink  device  which  they  call  a 
"  paraphe,"  and  which  is  generally  of  a  very  in- 
tricate and  inimitable  form.  As  the  use  of  seals 
has  become  in  England  the  ordinary  method  of 
authenticating  public  documents,  so  has  the  "  pa- 


raphe" in  France;  with  this  difference,  that  the 
difficulty  of  counterfeiting  the  latter  affords  a 
greater  security  against  any  attempt  at  forgery. 
"Paraphes"  are  now  commonly  used  throughout 
the  continent,  not  only  by  notaries  and  public 
men,  but  by  persons  of  every  class  ;  and  even  the 
ladies  seldom  sign  their  names,  without  attempting 
a  "flourish"  of  some  sort.  With  a  foreigner,  the 
"  paraphe"  is  as  necessary  an  appendage  to  his 
signature  as  the  moustache  is  to  his  face. 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 
St.  Lucia. 

Canaletto  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  106.).  —  Four  of  the 
paintings  of  Canaletto  to  which  GONDOLA  alludes, 
are  at  the  Hyde  in  Essex,  the  seat  of  J.  Disney, 
Esq.  The  subjects,  if  I  remember  right,  are 
Whitehall,  Ranelagh,  St.  Paul's,  and  a  wooden 
bridge  over  the  Thames  at  or  near  Kingston. 

MEMOR. 

"  Pranceriana  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  185.).  —  The  prin- 
cipal contributor  to  Pranceriana,  if  not  the  sole 
author,  is  generally  believed  to  be  Dr.  Duigenan, 
a  strong  opponent  of  Dr.  Hutchinson,  the  Provost 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  who  is  the  hero  of  that 
clever  and  bitter  pasquinade. 

A  DUBLIN  GRADUATE. 

Uniform  of  the  Army  (Vol.  x.,  p.  127.). — 
In  Henry  VIII.'s  reign,  green  and  white  (the 
Tudor  colours)  were  worn  by  the  army ;  and 
white,  with  a  red  cross,  by  the  city  of  London 
contingent.  Across  the  breast-plates  of  the  cava- 
liers were  thrown  scarfs  of  the  royal  or  colonel's 
colours ;  and,  on  the  discontinuance  of  body 
armour  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  scarlet  and 
blue  were  definitely  fixed  as  the  uniform  of  the 
army.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

Scarlet,  how  long  used  in  the  Army  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  55.).  —  Edward,  Earl  of  Derby,  in  a  circular 
respecting  troops  for  the  Scottish  expedition  of 
1547,  makes  mention  of  a  "  light  horseman,  well 
harnessed  as  apperteyneth,  with  a  redde  coate 
made  of  the  cassok  fason."  ANON. 

I  have  been  told  by  a  friend  well  acquainted 
with  history,  that  Canute  maintained  a  body-guard 
who  were  distinguished  by  a  scarlet  uniform.  I 
do  not  know  in  what  historian  this  is  to  be  found. 

HEARSAY. 

"  That  will  be  a  feather  in  his  cap"  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  220.  378.). — Among  the  ancient  warriors  it 
was  customary  to  honour  such  of  their  followers 
as  distinguished  themselves  in  battle  by  present- 
ing them  with  a  feather  for  their  caps,  which, 
when  not  in  armour,  was  the  covering  for  their 
heads.  From  this  custom  arose  the  saying,  when 
a  person  has  effected  a  meritorious  action  :  "  That 
will  be  a  feather  in  his  cap."  W.  W. 

Malta. 


316 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  259. 


Napoleons  Spelling  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  203.  ;  Vol.  x., 
p.  94.).  —  MB.  WARDEN  says  : 

"  It  would  be  more  to  Napoleon's  advantage  to  suppose 
that  the  haste  and  agitation,  in  which  lie  frequently 
wrote,  caused  him  now  and  then  to  put  in  a  letter  too 
many  or  too  few,  or  to  substitute  a  wrong  one." 

Thi?,  no  doubt,  is  the  correct  way  of  accounting 
for  ordinary  cases  of  bad  spelling  ;  but,  in  the  in- 
stance under  consideration,  your  correspondent 
seems  to  forget  that  we  have  to  deal  with  the  fact, 
given  on  the  authority  of  Bourrienne,  that  Napo- 
leon's spelling  is  "  extraordinairement  estropiee." 
Of  this  fact,  I  have  ventured  to  offer  what  seemed 
to  me  to  be  the  probable  explanation,  namely, 
that  Napoleon  may  have  affected  to  treat  the 
rules  of  spelling  as  unworthy  of  attention  for  a 
man  of  his  exalted  station.  Nor  is  there  anything 
new  in  such  a  supposition.  It  is  well  known  that 
the  "noblesse"  of  the  "ancien  regime"  were  in 
general  unable  to  write,  or  affected  so  to  be  ;  and 
the  anecdote  related  of  a  Duke  of  Montmorency 
(who,  when  required  to  affix  his  signature  to  a 
marriage  contract,  drew  his  sword,  and  cut  his 
cross  on  the  parchment  ;  alleging  that,  attendu  sa 
haute  noblesse,  he  was  unable  to  write  his  name), 
is  but  one  of  many  proofs  that  might  be  adduced 
of  that  circumstance.  HENRY  H.  BHEEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Churches  erected  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  126.  253.).  — 
The  following  remarkable  statement  is  made  by 
the  Rev.  Canon  Raines  in  his  introduction  to 
Bishop  GastreU's  Notitia  Cestriensis,  printed  by 
the  Chetham  Society  in  1850: 

"When  the  See  of  Chester  was  founded  in  1541,  there 
were  in  the  diocese,  exclusive  of  the  portion  lately  as- 
signed to  Kipon,  327  churches  ;  and  from  that  time  to 
1828,  186  additional  churches  were  built.  Bishop  (now 
Archbishop)  Sumner  consecrated  233  churches,  averaging 
one  new  church  in  each  month  during  his  Episcopate.  . 
...  In  the  Diocese  of  Chester  this  great  and  good 
prelate  occasioned  and  witnessed  the  expenditure  of 
1,284,229Z.  raised  from  local  subscriptions  and  grants  of 
public  societies,  exclusive  of  a  very  considerable  amount 
expended  by  private  individuals,  who  sought  no  foreign 
aid."  —  Vol.  ii.  part  n.  p.  lix. 

Canon  Raines  has  added  a  tabulated  list  of  all 
the  churches  in  the  diocese  of  Manchester,  with 
the  names  of  the  bishops  by  whom  they  were  con- 
secrated (from  1725  to  1850),  the  date  of  conse- 
cration, and  the  names  of  the  patrons,  the  whole 
being  arranged  under  their  respective  deaneries 
and  mother  churches,  and  forming  a  succinct  and 
useful  mass  of  evidence  on  church  progress. 

J.  G. 
West  Kirby. 


r)"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  541.).  —  For  the  inform- 
ation of  your  correspondent  T.  J.  BUCKTON,  I 
give  you  the  meaning  of  2<f*8if,  on  the  authority 
of  some  of  the  principal  lexicons. 

ij,  der  Darm.  dah.  2,  die  Darmsaite,  woven 


das  Lat.  fides."  —  J.  G.  Schneider's  Handworterbuch  der 
Gr.  Sprache,  1826. 

"  As  xop^.  a  gut  ;  hence  catgut  ;  from  this  fides  in 
Latin."  —  Donnegan's  Gr.  Lexicon,  1842. 

"  Like  xopfoj,  a  gut,  intestine  ;  hence,  2,  catgut  :  cf.  the 
Lat.  fides."  —  Liddell  and  Scott's  Gr.  Lexicon,  1843. 

ilA  gut,  of  which  the  strings  of  musical  instruments 
were  made.  Hence,  probably,  the  Lat.  fides."  —  Dunbar's 
Gr.  Lexicon,  1850. 


Dublin. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Whatever  may  be  the  faults  committed  by  the  great 
lexicographer  in  his  biographies  of  our  poets — and 
numerous  as  are  the  errors  into  which  he  has  fallen  — 
the  work  is  so  rich  in  the  peculiar  excellences  of  the 
writer,  that  it  will  retain  unimpaired,  as  long  as  our 
language  lasts,  the  popularity  which  attended  its  original 
publication.  "The  secret  of  Johnson's  excellence."  Mr. 
Cunningham  well  observes,  "  will  be  found  in  the  know- 
ledge of  human  life  which  his  'Lives'  exhibit;  in  the 
many  admirable  reflections  they  contain,  varying  and 
illustrating  the  narrative  without  overlaying  it;  in  the 
virtue  they  hold  up  to- admiration,  and  the  religion  they 
inculcate.  He  possessed  the  rare  art  of  teaching  what  is 
not  familiar,  of  lending  interest  to  a  twice-told  tale,  and 
of  recommending  known  truths  by  his  manner  of  adorning 
them.  He  seized  at  once  the  leading  features  ;  and 
though  he  may  have  omitted  a  pimple  or  a  freckle,  his 
likeness  is  unmistakeable — denned  yet  general,  summary 
yet  exact."  That  such  a  work  should  find  a  place  in 
Murray's  British  Classics  is  obvious;  and  that  Mr.  Murray 
has  done  wisely  in  selecting  Mr.  Peter  Cunningham  for 
its  editor,  is  equally  obvious  to  all  who  know  for  how 
many  years  that  gentleman  has  made  literary  biography 
the  subject  of  his  special  researches.  The  fruits  of  these 
labours  are  scattered  over  every  page :  and  though  we 
shall  not  be  surprised  to  hear  that,  with  all  his  care,  he  may 
have  stumbled  in  some  of  his  many  dates  or  facts,  we  are 
convinced  that  this  edition  of  Lives  of  the  most  Eminent 
English  Poets,  with  Critical  Observations  on  their  Works, 
by  Samuel  Johnson,  with  Notes  Corrective  and  Explana- 
tory, by  Peter  Cunningham,  is  not  only  the  best  edition 
of  this  charming  book  which  has  yet  appeared,  hut  that 
it  will  long  remain  so. 

As  we  have  many  microscopists  among  our  readers,  we 
have  to  call  attention  to  a  work  of  great  interest  to  them, 
namely,  Lectures  on  Polarized  Liijht,  together  with  a  Lec- 
ture on  the  Microscope,  &~c.,  by  the  late  Jonathan  Pereira, 
Esq.,  M.D.,  &c.,  illustrated  by  numerous  Woodcuts.  Se- 
cond Edition,  (ft-eatly  enlarged  from  Materials  left  by  the 
author,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Baden  Powell.  The  names  of 
the  lamented  author,  and  of  his  editor  the  Savilian  Pro- 
fessor, afford  a  suiHcient  guarantee  for  the  value  and  utility 
of  this  little  volume. 

Neither  included  in  any  general  collection  of  the  British 
poets,  nor  even  admitted" into  any  of  our  anthologies,  the 
Poetical  Works  of  John  Oldham  have  hitherto  remained 
far  less  known  than  they  deserve.  For,  despite  their  oc- 
casional coarsenesses,  the  writings  of  one  of  whom  Hallam 
says  he  is  "far  superior  in  his  satires  to  Marvell,  and 
ranks  perhaps  next  to  Dryden,"  merited  a  better  fate ; 
and  Mr.  Bell  has  not  only  done  justice  to  Oldham,  but 
good  service  to  the  series  of  the  Annotated  Edition  of  the 
English  Poets,  by  including  in  it  the  writings  of  this  vi- 
gorous satirist. 


OCT.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


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resident  in  the  country  or  abroad,  who  may  be  desirous  of  receiving  tfut 
weekly  Numbers,may  hcive  stamped  copies  forwarded  direct  from  the 
Publisher.  The,  subscription  for  the  stamped  edition  of  "NOTES  AND 
QUERIES"  (incluiJing  a  very  copious  Index)  ii  eleven  shillings  and  four- 
pence  for  six  months,  which  may  be  paid  by  Post-Ojfice  Order,  drawn  in 
favour  of  the  Publisher,  MR.  GEORGE  BELL,  No.  186.  Fleet  Street. 


VARLEY'S  BRITISH  CA- 
BANA CIGARS,  filled  with  the  finest 
Cabana  leaf:  they  are  unequalled  at  the  price, 
14s.  per  lb.,  and  are  extensively  sold  as  foreign. 
The  Editor  of  the  Agricultural  Magazine  for 
August,  p.  63.,  in  an  article  on  "  Cigars,"  ob- 
serves :  "  The  appearance  and  flavour  venj 
closely  approximate  to  Havannah  cigars:  >ve 
strongly  recommend  them." 

FOREIGN  CIGARS  of  the  most  approved 
brands  weighed  from  the  chests. 

TOBACCOS  of  the  first  qualities. 
J.  F.  VARLEY  &  CO., 
Importers  of  Meerschaums,  &c., 

The  IIAVANNAH  STORES,  364.  Oxford 
Street,  exactly  opposite  the  Princess's  The- 
atre. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
tree  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 

Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 
DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keepin" 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAl'KR  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Po,t,  Is.  2d. 


Just  published. 

PRACTICAL    PHOTOGRA- 

JT   PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 

containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Light,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BUMEN, WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  j  per  Post,  Is.  6d. 

Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattamed  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phicul  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

«**  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 

WHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 

TT       PHIC     AND      OPTICAL     WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Red  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depot  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Rezistered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

L  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


TKISSOLUTION  OF  PART- 
IS NERSHIP.  _  EDWARD  GEORGE 
WOOD,  Optic  an,  &c.,  late  of  123.  and  121. 
Newgate  Street,  begs  to  invite  attention  to 
his  New  Establishment,  No.  117.  Cheapside, 
London. 

Photographic  Cameras  and  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  :  Spectacles,  Opera  Glasses.  Tele- 
scopes and  Race  Glosses,  Barometers,  Thermo- 
meters, Hydrometers,  itc. :  Philosophical  and 
Chemical  Apparatus.  All  kinds  of  Photogra- 
phic Papers,  plain  and  prepared.  Photographic 
Papers  and  Solutions  prepared  according  to  any 
given  formula. 


MR.  T.  L.  MERRITT'S  IM- 
PROVED CAMERA,  for  the  CALO- 
TYPE  and  COLLODION  PROCESSES;  by 
which  from  Twelve  to  Twenty  Views,  &c.,  may 
be  taken  in  Succession,  and  then  dropped  into 
a  Receptacle  provided  for  them,  without  pos- 
sibility of  injury  from  light. 

As  neither  lent.  Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  us  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
ating in  a  Room. 

Maidstone,  Aug.  21. 1851. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Xo.  259. 


WORKS 

BY  THK 

REV.  DR.  MAITLAND. 


THE  DARK  AGES ;  being  a 

Series  of  ESSAYS  intended  to  illustrate  the 
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A  LETTER  to  the  REV.  DR. 

MILL,  containing  some  STRICTURES  on 
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Is.  6d. 

THE  VOLUNTARY  SYSTEM. 

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NOTES  on  the  CONTRIBU- 
TIONS of  the  REV.  GEORGE  TOWNSEND, 
M.  A.,  Cnnon  of  Durham,  to  the  New  Edition 
of  FOX'S  MAKTYROLOGY.  In  Three 
Parts  :  1.  On  the  Memoir  of  Fox,  ascribed  to 
his  Son.  2.  Puritan  Thaumaturgy.  3.  Histo- 
rical Authority  of  Fox.  8vo.  6s.6d. 

REMARKS  on  the  REV.  S.  R. 

CATTLEY'S  DEFENCE  of  his  Edition  of 
FOX'S  MARTYROLOGY.  8vo.  2s.  <kZ. 

TWELVE      LETTERS      ON 

FOX'S  ACTS  and  MONUMENTS.  Re- 
printed from  the  "  British  Magazine."  8vo.  6s. 

A  REVIEW  of  FOX'S  HIS- 
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A     LETTER    to    the     REV. 

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His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  ;  with 
STRICTURES  on  MILNER'S  CHURCH 
HISTORY.  8vo.  Is.  (id. 

A  SECOND   LETTER  to  the 

REV.  HUGH  JAMES  ROSE.  B.D. ;  con- 
taining NOTES  on  MILNER'S  HISTOKY 
of  the  CHURCH  in  the  FOURTH  CEN- 
TURY. 8vo.  2s.  6d. 

A  LETTER  to  the  REV.  JOHN 

KING,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Christ's  Church, 
Hull  ;  occasioned  by  his  PAMPHLET,  en- 
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ALFRED  GATTY,  M.A, 

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erestiug  sketches."  —  English  Churchman. 

London  :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 
Edinburgh  :  R.  GRANT  &  SON. 


Just  published,  18mo.,  Is. 

OERMONS      FOR      WAY- 

FARERS.       By  the    REV.   ALFRED 
ATTY,M.A. 

"  In  the  eleven  sermons  now  presented  to  ns, 
or  the  marvellously  small  price  of  one  shil- 
ing,  we  recognise  a  plain  and  solid  style  of 
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.ondon:  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


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,eeds.  Two  vols.  fcap.  8vo.,  10s.  cloth. 
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cts. 


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L  SCHOOL  HYMN-BOOK.  Edited  by 
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alf,  3s.  6rf. 

London :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


PLAIN    SERMONS.      By    the 

late  REV.  EDWARD  BLENCOWE. 
Three  vols.,  fcap.  8vo.,  cloth,  7s.  Gd.  Each  sold 
separately. 

"  Their  style  is  simple  ;  the  sentences  are  not 
artfully  constructed  ;  and  there  is  an  utter  ab- 
sence of  all  attempt  at  rhetoric.  The  lan- 
guage is  plain  Saxun  language,  from  which 
;  the  men  on  the  wall '  can  easily  gather  what 
it  most  concerns  them  to  know. 

"Again,  the  range  of  thought  is  not  high  and 
difficult,  but  level  and  easy  for  the  wayfaring 
man*  to  follow.  It  is  quite  evident  that  the 
author's  mind  was  able  and  cultivated,  yet,  as 
a  teacher  to  men  of  low  estate,  he  makes  no 
display  of  eloquence  or  argument. 

"  In  the  statements  of  Christian  doctrine,  the 
reality  of  Mr.  Blencowe's  mind  is  very  striking. 
There  is  a  strength  and  a  warmth  and  a  lite  in 
his  mention  of  the  great  truths  of  the  Gospel, 
which  show  that  he  spoke  from  the  heart,  and 
that,  like  the  Apostle  of  old.  he  could  say,  — 'I 
believe,  and  therefore  have  I  spoken.' 

"  His  affectionateness,  too,  is  no  less  con- 
spicuous ;  this  is  shown  in  the  gentle,  earnest, 
kind-hearted  toneof  every  Sermon  in  the  book. 
There  is  no  scolding,  no  asperity  of  language,  no 
irritation  of  manner  about  the- in.  At  the  same 
time  there  is  no  over-strained  tenderness,  nor 
affectation  of  endearment ;  but  there  is  a  con- 
siderate, serious  concern  about  the  peculiar 
sins  and  temptations  of  the  people  committed 
to  his  charge,  and  a  hearty  desire  and  deter- 
mined effort  for  their  salvation."—  Thcolwjlan. 

"Simple,  intelligible,  and  affectionate."  — 
Church  and  State  Gazette. 

"Very  stirring  and  practical."  —  Christian 
Remembrancer. 

"The  discourses  are  plain,  interesting,  and 
pre-eminently  practical." — English  Church- 
man. 

"  Plain,  short,  and  affectionate  discourses." 
—  English  Review. 

London  :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Strc«t. 


Just  published,  in  12mo.,  price  4s. 

THE      HAYMAKERS'      HIS- 
TORIES.      Twelve    Cantos,   in    Terza 
Rima.    By  RUTHER. 

This  is  a  scholarly  little  book,  sweet  as  a 
meadow  at  hay-time,  and  full  of  summer  in- 
fluences. We  confess  this  little  volume  ex- 
cites our  curiosity  ;  and  as  to  the  writer,  the 
skill  with  which  the  metre  is  carried  through, 
the  almost  immaculate  correctness  of  the 
rhymes,  and  the  equality  of  strength  which 
pervades  the  whole,  would  indicate  a  poet  of 
some  standing,  although  the  style  resembles 
none  that  we  remember."—  Athemeum. 

GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GKORBE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid —  Saturday,  October  14.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 


"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  260.] 


SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  21.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
I  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

Notes  on  keeping  Notes  -  317 

Henry  of  Huntingdon  a  Welshman,  by 

T.  Stephens  -  -  -  -  317 

"  The  Economy  of  Human  Life,  "  £c., 

by  W.  Cramp  -  -  -  -  318 

Words  and  Phrases  common  atPolperro 

in  Cornwall,  but  not  usual  elsewhere  -  318 
The  Battle  of  Sedgmoor,  lC,85,by  Henry 

Alford        -          -          -          -          -    320 

FOIK  LOBE  :  —  Baptismal  Superstition 
in  Surrey  —  Extraordinary  Supersti- 
tion in  Devonshire  —  Distich  on  St. 
Matthew's  Day—  Cambridgeshire  Folk 
Lore  —  Kemedy  for  Jaundice  —  Adju- 
ration to  Bees  -  -  -  321 

S'avery  in  Scotland  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century  -  -  -  -  -  322 

MINOR  NOTES  :  _  The  Literary  Pensions 
of  the  Year  —  St.  Maudit's  Well  — 
Green's  "  Lives  of  the  Princesses  "  — 
Scottish  Ruins  —  Alcuymieal  Riddle 
of  the  Sixteenth  Century  _  Philolo- 
gical Ingenuity  —  "  Talented  "  -  322 

QCERIES:  — 
Burning  of  the  Jesuitical  Books  -    323 

South's  Sermons      -  324 

MINOR  QUERIES  :—  "Rattlin1  Roarine 
Willie  'v—  Shakspeare  Club  Works  — 
The  Stanleys  in  Man  —  Sir  Walter 
Scott  and  Thomas  Hood—  The  Green 
Lady  —  Parallel  Passages—  The  Rowe 
Family  —  Greek  spoken  in  Brittany  — 
Early  Grants  of  Arms  —  Glasgow  City 
Arms  _  Portrait  of  Sir  Thomas  Allen 

—  "The    Polyanthea,"  £c.  —  Rowley 
and  Hudibras  —  Roman  Catholic  Di- 
vines —  Roubillicic's  Statue  of  Cicero 

—  The  Sultan  of  the  Crimea  —Wolfe's 
Gloves  —  "  Die  Heiligeu,"  &c.  -    325 

BTlXOK       QlTKRIES       WITH       ANSWERS  :  — 

"  Cur  moriatur  homo,"  &c.  —  Lob's 
Pound  —  Volkrc's  Chamber,  Kings- 
land  Church,  Herefordshire  —  Bax- 
ter's "  Horace  "  -  -  -  -  327 


KF. 


.  — 

Dakeyne  Motto,  by  OetaviusDcacon,&c. 
Hannah  Lightlbot,  by  William  Bates, 
&c.  -  .... 

Poetical  Tavern  Si-ins        -  -  - 

Church  Service  :  Preliminary  Texts,  by 
tlie  Kev.  W.  Sparrow  Simpson  - 

The  dying  Words  of  Venerable  Bede, 
by  Edward  Smirke  and  Sir  J.  E.  Ten- 
neiit  -  -  -  -  - 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :—  Pho- 
tographic Excursions  —  Photography 
in  Germany—  Albumenizcd  Process  - 

REPLIES  TO  Mmon  QUERIES  :  —  A  Bio- 
graphical Dictionary  of  Living  Au- 
thors—Louis de  Beaufort  —  Bibliogra- 
phical Queries  —  Sir  Richard  RiUclifte, 
K.O.  -.Bell  on  leaving  Church—  Dis- 
lntcrment_A.  M.  and  M.  A.  -He- 
raldic —  Dr.  William  Nieolson,  Bishop 
of  Carlisle,  &c.  -  -  -  -  331 

BIlSCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &e.  330 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
ISotices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X.— No.  260. 


Multae  terricolis  linguae,  coelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
AND   SONS' 

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CHITECTURE. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Xo.  260. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

TvU     BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

\)     REVALENTA     ARABICA     FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation, 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness, and  liver  comolaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headaches,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceache.  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  enugh,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  (rout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debil:ty,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blusmng,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  (or 
rtudy,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  uud  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  ocid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
(rood  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  rough, 
measles  small-pox,  ajid  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
danger*  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Word  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1K54,  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Neviil.  tor  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Kevalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  0/50,000  Cvres: 

No.  42,130.  Major-General  King,  cure  of  ?e- 
neral  debility  and  nervousness.  No.  32,1 10. 
Captain  Parker  D.  Bingham,  R.N.,  who  was 
cured  of  twenty-seven  years'  dyspepsia  in  six 
•weeks'  time.  Cure  No.  28,416.  Willia"-  Hunt, 
Esq..  Barrister-at-Law,  sixty  years'  partis.1  pa- 
ralysis. No.  32,  814.  Captain  Allen,  recording 
the  cure  of  a  lady  from  epileptic  fits.  No.  26,419 
The  Rev.  Charles  Kerr.  a  cure  of  functional 
disorders.  No.  24314.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Min- 
ster, cure  of  five  years'  nervousness,  with  spasms 
and  daily  vomitings.  No.  41,617.  Dr.  James 
Shorland,  late  surgeon  in  the  96th  Regiment, 
a  cure  of  dropsy. 

No.  51,482. :  Dr.  Wurzer.    "  It  is  particularly 
useful   in  confined  habit  of  body,  as  also  in 
diarrhcoa,  bowel  complaints,  affections  of  the 
kidneys  and  bladder,  such  as  stone  or  gravel  ; 
inflammatory    irritation    and   cramp   of   the 
urethra,  cramp  of  the  kidneys  and  bladder,  and 
haemorrhoids.  Alsoin  bronchial  and  pulmonary 
complaints,  where  irritation  and  pain  are  to  be 
removed,   and  in   pulmonary  and  bronchial 
consumption,  in  which  it  counteracts  effectu- 
ally the  troublesome  couah  ;  and  I  am  enabled 
•with  perfect  truth  to 
tliat  Du  Barry's  Reval 
to  the  cure  of  incipient  jiv^-nv.  ^..ii.,/......^..  ...... 

consumption."  —  DK.Rcn.  WUBZER,  Counsel 
of  Medicine  and  practical  M.D.  in  Bonn. 

Colonel  H.  Watkins.  of  Grantham,  a  cure  of 
pout  ;  Mr.  Joseph  Walters,  Broadwell  Col- 
liery, Oldbury,  near  Birmingham,  a  cure  of 
angina  pectorb  ;  and  50.000  other  well-known 
individuals,  who  hnve  sent  the  discoverers  nn^ 
importers.  BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO., 
77.  Regent  Street,  London,  testimonials  of  the 
very  extraordinary  manner  in  which  their 
health  has  been  restored  by  this  useful  and 
economical  diet,  after  all  other  remedies  had 
been  tried  in  vain  for  many  years,  and  ail 
hopes  of  recovery  abandoned. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  nil  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lih.,  is. 
M. :  21b..  4s.  (W.  ;  5lb.,  11s.  ;  121b.,M8.  :  siinor- 
reflned.  lib .  6«., s  alb..  Us.  :  5ib.,«s. ;  lolb., 
33s.  The  H!lb.  and  1211).  carriage  fret*.  >  n  i  <>tt- 
office  order.  Barry.  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77. 
Regent  Street,  London  j  Fortuum,  Mason,  & 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty.  Pice  ••'illy  : 
nlso  at  CO.  Gttwechurcb  Street  ;  330.  Strand  ;  of 
Barclay,  Eitwimls,  Sutton,  Sanger,  Ilannay, 
Newberry,  and  may  be  or.'ered  throuah  all  re- 
Bpcetu'uie  Booksellers,  Grc-ccrs,  and  Chemists. 


XYLO-IODIDE  OF  SILVER,  exclusively  used  at  all  the  Pho- 
tographic  Establishments The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION — Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP  :  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Lal>el  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS.  CHEMIST.  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procuri  d  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  Is.,  2*., 
and  3*.  fid.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS.  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  Si  CO.,  95.  Farringdou  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


Just  published. 

PRACTICAL      PHOTOGRA- 

J      PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
containing  simple  directions  fur  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Li'.'ht,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BT'MEN,  WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  1*. ;  per  Post,  Is.  6rf. 
Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,   Opticians, 
Philosophical    and    Photographieal    Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photosra- 
phicul  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

*«*  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT   preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES   adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETEli,   which    effectually   prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extens  vely  employed  by 
BLAND  Si  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 
ID DION.— J.B.  HOCKIN&  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  tor 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


MR.  T.  L.  MERRITT'S  IM- 
PROVED CAMERA,  for  the  CALO- 
xn'E  and  COLLODION  PROCESSES  j.  by 
which  from  Twelve  to  Twenty  Views,  ic.,  may 
be  taken  in  Succession,  and  then  dropped  into 
a  Receptacle  provided  ibr  them,  without  pos- 
sibility of  injury  from  light. 

As  neither  Tent,   Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  as  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
urng  in  ailoom. 
Maidstoue,  Aug.  21. 1854. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   OAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 
Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 

Caledonian  Road.  Islington. 
OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras.  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


HHOTOGRAP1IY.  —  HORNE 

I  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  ihe  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art. — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 

DISSOLUTION  OF  PARTN 
NERSHIP.  —  EDWARD  GEORGE 
WOOD,  Optician,  &c.,  late  of  123.  and  121. 
Newsrate  Street,  begs  to  invite  attention  to 
his  New  Establishment,  No.  117.  Cheapside. 
London. 

Photographic  Cameras  and  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c. :  Spectacles,  Opera  Glasses,  Tele- 
scopes and  Race  Glasses,  Barometers,  Thermo- 
meters, Hydrometers,  &c. ;  Philosophical  and 
Chemical  Apparatus.  All  kinds  of  Photogra- 
phic Papers,  plain  a"d  prepared.  Photographic 
Papers  and  Solutions  prepared  according  to  any 
given  formula. 

TI7  HOLES  ALE    PHOTOGRA- 

VT  VHIC  AND  OPTICAL  WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Red  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depot  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 

PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

each.  —  D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:  — "We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE a  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  tor 


itt,  J.  JJruzi,  1. 1 .  ^mpp,  r.  jjeiavauii,  v,.  n. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison,  H.F.  Hani, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuiie,  U.  I'.  Kiallmark,  E.  Lund,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  1-ee,  A.  Leiiler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.A.  Oaborne,  John 
Parry.  H.  Punotka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.Praegar, 
K.  F.  Rirr  ouult,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  U.  Wright, '  &c, 
D'ALilALNE  i  CO..  20.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


317 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  21.  1854. 


NOTES    ON    KEEPING    NOTES. 

In  a  former  Number  of  your  valuable  repertory, 
which  I  have  been  unable  to  Had  by  searching 
the  indexes,  an  inquiry  was  made  as  to  the  best 
ibrni  of  keeping  notes.  I  have  carefully  watched 
for  a  reply,  but  not  perceiving  one,  have  ad- 
dressed these  remarks  for  the  purpose  of  again 
bringing  forward  the  subject. 

Locke  was,  I  believe,  the  first  to  treat  on  the 
matter  in  his  New  Method  for  a  Common-place 
Book,  a  tract  doubtless  too  well  known  to  your 
readers  to  need  describing.  A  great  advance  was 
made  on  this  by  Dr.  Guy,  in  "  Communication  to 
the  Statistical  Society,"  printed,  if  I  mistake  not, 
in  the  seventh  volume  of  the  Statistical  Journal. 
His  system  consisted  in  arranging  his  notes  in 
separate  covers,  having  a  letter  on  the  edge  of 
each,  like  the  index  to  a  ledger,  so  as  readily  to 
turn  to  the  particular  cover  in  which  a  "  note"  is 
to  be  found ;  of  course  an  index  is  attached, 
showing  what  subjects  are  contained  in,  each 
•cover. 

I  have  found  it  more  convenient  to  have  a  stiff 
label  to  each  cover,  bearing  the  title  of  the  sub- 
ject contained.  Thus,  my  portfolio 
of  archaeological  notes  would  contain 
as  many  stiff  covers  (foolscap  size)  as 
I  might  require,  each  bearing  on  the 
right-hand  edge  a  stiff  label,  with 
the  words  British,  £c.  As  the  re- 
spective collections  become  more  nu- 
merous, each  would  occupy  a  portfolio  to  itself. 
Thus,  British  has  the  four  divi- 
sions in  the  margin,  and  in  the 
Roman  each  [consists  ?J  of  as  many 
subdivisions. 

.  The  advantage  of  this  method  is 
that  each  subject  of  collection  is 
classed  at  once  ;  a  note,  however  rough  or  brief,  is 
instantly  put  in  its  proper  pluce,  requires  no  fair 
copying  or  indexing,  and  is  as  readily  referred  to. 
Any  note,  of  whatever  size,  is  also  admitted  with- 
out destroying  the  uniformity  or  neatness  of  the 
collection.  A  friend's  letter,  a  cutting  from  a 
newspaper,  a  page  of  an  old  book  or  catalogue, 
prints,  sketches,  everything  may  be  at  once  re- 
duced to  order  and  symmetry. 

As  I  have  found  great  convenience  in  its  use, 
permit  me  to  make  a  note  of  a  simple  file  for 
papers,  consisting  of  a  fiat  board  of  the  size  of  the 
paper,  8vo.,  4to.,  folio,  with  two  elastic  bands,  one 
longitudinal,  the  other  transverse,  not  of  the 
Indian  rubber,  which  are  always  breaking,  but  of 
the  material  well  known  to  ladies  as  "  elastic," 
about  half  an  inch  broad.  The  transverse  one  is 


put  on  first,  so  that  by  slipping  off  the  other  the 
papers  may  be  readily  turned  over  without  dis- 
placement. 

These  things  appear  mere  trifles,  but  they 
derive  value  from  their  economising  time,  a  com- 
modity not  to  be  acquired,  but  which  may  be 
saved.  YOUNG  CUTTLE. 


HENRY    OF   HUNTINGDON   A   WELSHMAN. 

A  passage  in  our  Cambrian  annals  has  recently 
piqued  my  curiosity ;  and  as  it  appears  to  add 
information  on  an  interesting  point  in  literary 
history,  I  forward  it  to  "  N.  &  Q."  It  is  this  : 

"A. D.  1162.  Ac  yna  y  bu  uarw  Henri  ab  Arthen  go- 
ruchel  athro  ar  holl  syfredin  yr  holl  yscolheigion."  — 
"  Brut  y  Tywysogion,"  Myv.  Arch.,  ii.  431. 

which  in  English  is,  — 

"A.D.  1162.  And  then  died  Henri  the  son  of  Arthen, 
the  most  learned  of  the  generality  of  scholars." —  The 
Chronicle  of  the  Princes. 

So  learned  a  man  in  that  day  could  have  been 
no  other  than  Henry  of  Huntingdon,  and  if  so, 
we  have  here,  what  has  hitherto  been  unknown, 
the  date  of  his  death  ;  but  it  is  somewhat  sin- 
gular that  the  record  should  only  exist  in  the 
Cambrian  chronicles,  and  the  fact  is  suggestive  of 
some  connexion  with  the  Principality. 

Another  of  our  chronicles,  called  the  Chronicle 
of  the  Saxons,  Brut  y  Saeson,  contains  a  similar 
entry,  viz. : 

"  MCLXII.  Ac  y  bu  varw  Henri  vab  Arthen  yr  ysgol- 
heic  gorev  or  kymre  or  a  oed  yn  un  oes  ac  ef."  — 
Jlfyvyrian  A.rchaiology,  ii.  570. 

"  BICLXII.  Then  died  Henri,  son  of  Arthen,  the  best 
scholar  of  the  Kymry  who  were  iu  the  same  age  with 
him." 

Here  it  is  intimated  plainly  that  this  distin- 
guished scholar  was  aCambro-Briton,  and  the  son 
of  a  person  named  Arthen  :  and  hence  the  record 
becomes  interesting;  for  it  fixes  the  date  of  his 
death,  and  clears  up  some  of  the  obscurity  which 
hangs  over  his  early  history. 

It  is  quite  true  that  this  paternity  differs  from 
that  usually  accepted ;  but  it  remains  to  be 
shown  that  "  the  married  priest  Nicholas "  was 
really  his  father.  Some  farther  information  will 
probably  be  found  in  the  Annales  Cambrics,  of 
which  the  Welsh  chronicles  are  translations ;  and 
it  will  be  a  favour  to  me,  as  well  as  a  subject  of 
interest  to  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  if  the 
corresponding  entries  in  i'.ie  two  MSS.,  B.  and  C., 
named  in  the  preface  to  the  Mc^umenta  Historica, 
p.  93.,  could  be  supplied.  T.  STEPHEN*. 


318 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  260. 


"  THE    ECONOMY  OP  HUMAN    LIFE  :"    AUTHENTICITY 
OF    THE    FIRST    PART    ESTABLISHED. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  8.  74.) 

The  first  (and  only  genuine)  part  of  the 
Economy  of  Human  Life  was  published  on  the 
16th  November,  1750.  It  had  been  announced 
some  days  previously,  and  the  day  before  the  pub- 
lication the  following  postscript  was  added  to  the 
advertisement,  which  deserves  attention  because 
it  shows  that  the  person  who  was  to  receive  the 
profits  anticipated  that  the  work  would  become 
popular,  and  therefore  be  liable  to  be  pirated : 

"  l^°  This  book  is  entered  at  the  Hall  of  the  Sta- 
tioners, and  whoever  shall  pirate  it  will  be  prosecuted." 
The  book  was  first  printed  for  Mr.  Cooper  at  the 
Globe  in  Paternoster  Row  :  Dodsley's  name,  it 
will  be  seen,  did  not  appear  till  some  time  after. 
In  December  a  second  part  was  announced,  also 
another  spurious  edition,  with  an  appendix,  and 
Lord  Chesterfield's  name  in  full  as  the  earl  to 
whom  the  prefatory  letter  was  addressed.  When 
the  spurious  second  part  was  on  the  eve  of  publi- 
cation, a  paragraph  was  inserted  among  the  news 
of  the  day  in  the  General  Advertiser,  denying  the 
authenticity  of  the  additions  about  to  appear  : 

"  The  author  of  the  Economy  of  Human  Life  thinks 
proper  to  declare  that  he  hath  not  written  any  second 
part  or  appendix  to  the  said  piece,  and  that  no  additions 
•whatsoever  either  are  or  will  be  made  by  him  to  it."  — 
Gen.  Ad.,  Dec.  12,  1750. 

Notwithstanding  this  positive  denial,  the  second 
part  was  published  the  next  day,  and  the  adver- 
tisement for  the  genuine  edition  was  adopted 
almost  verbatim,  impudently  including  the  post- 
script, that  "  whoever  shall  attempt  to  pirate  it 
will  be  prosecuted  as  the  law  directs."  Dodsley's 
name  had  not  yet  appeared  as  the  publisher,  and 
the  real  pirate  had  the  audacity  to  add  to  his  ad- 
vertisement on  the  21st  December,  the  following 
postscript : 

"  The  editor  of  the  Economy  of  Human  Life  begs  leave 
to  assure  the  public  that  the  second  part  was  wrote  by  the 
same  ancient  Brahmin  that  was  author  of  the  first,  as 
may  be  clearly  perceived  by  the  noble  sentiments  — 
energy  and  beauty  —  of  style  so  peculiar  to  himself." 

On  the  22nd  December,  Dodsley's  advertise- 
ment appeared*,  offering  the  Economy  at  the  re- 
duced price  of  one  shilling,  or  "  half  a  guinea  a 
dozen  to  those  who  may  be  inclined  to  give  them 
away."  Dodslcy  also  added  to  his  advertisement 
the  paragraph  from  the  newspaper  already  quoted. 

The  rivalry  between  the  publishers  was  kept 
up  by  advertisements  for  some  weeks  longer.  It 
will  not,  however,  be  necessary  to  show  that 
Dodsley  was  at  last  too  powerful  for  his  opponent. 
We  think  we  have  already  sufficiently  proved  that 


*  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the  two  rival  advertisements 
giving  each  other  the  lie  stand  opposite  to  each  other,  on 
the  last  page  of  the  General  Advertiser  for  22iid  December, 
1750. 


part  only  of  the  Economy  of  Human  Life 
is  genuine ;  nor  are  we  aware  that  Dodsley  ever 
published  any  additions  to  it,  or  made  use  of  Lord 
Chesterfield's  name  improperly  to  promote  the 
sale  of  the  work.  These  malpractices  are  alto- 
gether to  be  ascribed  to  Dodsley's  unscrupulous 
opponents,  although  Dodsley's  reputation  has 
suffered  by  the  unjust  accusations  of  his  reviewers. 
It  may  be  worth  mentioning  that  the  copy  of  the 
Economy  in  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Grenville's 
library,  comprises  only  the  first  part ;  a  proof, 
perhaps,  that  he  considered  the  second  part 
spurious,  and  not  worthy  of  a  place  in  his  choice 
collection  of  books. 

As  regards  the  author  of  the  first  part,  there  is 
prima  facie  evidence  that  it  could  not  have  been 
written  by  any  other  person  than  Lord  Chester- 
field, for  Lord  Chesterfield  by  his  silence  tacitly 
admitted  the  fact,  and  contented  himself  with 
getting  that  portion  of  the  work  out  of  the  hands 
of  the  literary  pirates,  and  authenticating  it  by  a 
paragraph  in  the  newspapers.  The  misrepre- 
sentation of  the  story  of  Mrs.  Teresia  Constantia 
Phillips  "  complimenting  Lord  Chesterfield  in  her 
letter  to  him  as  the  author  of  the  Whole  Duty 
of  Man"  afforded  reviewers  at  a  later  period  a 
pretext  for  robbing  Lord  Chesterfield  of  his  share 
of  the  work.  If  the  reviewers  had  referred  back 
to  the  time  that  Mrs.  Phillips's  letter  was  first 
published,  they  would  have  seen  that  "it  was  oc- 
casioned by  his  lordship  desiring  her  to  write  the 
Whole  Duty  of  Woman"*  bee  Scots  Mag., 
"  Notice  of  Books  for  April,"  1750.  A  second 
edition  of  Mrs.  Phillips's  letter  was  brought  out  at 
this  time  by  the  publisher  of  the  second  part  of 
the  Economy,  which  justifies  the  suspicion  that 
she  was  concerned,  if  not  chiefly  interested,  in 
that  spurious  publication.  But  this  note  has 
already  exceeded  the  usual  space,  and  it  is  hoped 
will  confirm  that  the  authenticity  of  the^r&*  part 
of  the  Economy  of  Human  Life  is  now  sufficiently 
established.  W.  CRAMP. 


WORDS    AND     PHRASES     COMMON     AT     POLrERKO    IN 
CORNWALL,    BUT    NOT    USUAL   ELSEWHERE. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  x.,  p.  302.) 

Haizing,  following  game,  especially  hares,  by 
night,  by  tracing  it.  In  many  instances  it  would 
mean  the  same  as  poaching,  if  the  latter  word  is 
divested  of  the  idea  of  crime. 

Harve,  the  harrow  ;  an  instrument  of  farming. 

Hdvage.  A  comprehensive  word,  applied  to  the 
lineage  of  a  person ;  his  family,  and  companions, 

*  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  Lord  Chesterfield 
showed,  if  he  did  not  lend,  the  MS.  of  the  first  part  of  the 
Economy  of  Human  Life  to  Mrs.  Phillips,  before  she  pub- 
lished her  letter  to  him  in  April,  1750.  See  Monthly  lie- 
view  for  November  of  that  year. 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


319 


with  whom  it  is  natural  for  him  to  associate.  It 
thus  marks  the  race  from  which  he  has  sprung, 
and  his  station  in  society. 

Hawn,  the  common  word  for  haven,  as  meaning 
a  harbour.  Our  fishermen  have  their  Newhawn  ; 
and  say,  their  boats  are  out  in  the  hawn,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  being  at  the  piers. 

Hay,  an  inclosure;  now  almost  gone  out  of  use; 
but  I  remember  it  commonly  applied  to  the 
churchyard,  which  was  called  the  "  church-hay." 

Hob.  It  seems  to  mean  flat.  It  is  particularly 
applied  to  the  flat  side  of  the  grate,  where  the 
kettle  is  set  to  stand. when  off  the  fire.  A  hobnail 
is  a  flat-headed  nail. 

Holt,  a  place  of  refuge,  commonly  implying 
secrecy  as  well  as  security.  It  appears  to  be  the 
same  as  the  word  hold,  used  in  the  Bible.  It  ob- 
viously, in  the  latter  case,  means  a  place  that  can 
be  held  against  an  enemy  ;  and  seems  to  imply  a 
place  we  hold  fust,  as  distinguished  from  a  merely 
temporary  residence. 

Homm,  home ;  a  mode  of  enunciation  also  trans- 
ferred to  America. 

Hulster,  to  gather  into  one  close  company. 
Hull,  hulk ;  to  hulk,  to  hulster,  have  a  kindred 
meaning.  Hull  and  hulk  mean  the  body  of  a 
tiling,  without  its  dress,  or  useful  or  useless  parts. 
To  hulk  means,  by  way  of  reproach,  to  sit  down 
idly,  without  moving,  usually  in  a  dirty  manner  ; 
without  activity  or  industry.  Hence,  a  sheer-hulk 
is  the  dismantled  body  of  a  ship,  no  longer  fit  for 
service.  The  word  hull  is  also  often  applied  to 
the  empty  and  rejected  cases  of  some  fruit :  as  of 
peas  and  nuts. 

Ingan,  an  onion. 

Ire,  iron. 

Is,  often  used  for  the  pronoun  I.  It  is  probably 
the  Saxon  Ich. 

Jam,  to  squeeze,  or  thrust  between  two  stout 
bodies.  Perhaps  the  jambs  of  a  door  are  so  called, 
as  being  the  parts  that  press  or  squeeze  the  door. 

Joggle,  to  shake  to  and  fro.  It  is  used  by  Dean 
Swift  —  "  a  joggling  trot;"  but  with  us  it  is  of 
common  use. 

Joice,  the  juice  of  anything. 

Kellick,  an  instrument  used  to  moor  a  fishing- 
boat  at  sea  instead  of  a  grapnel  (here  called  a 
"grape")  or  anchor.  It  is  formed  of  two  slightly 
bent  pieces  of  wood,  which  are  fastened  together 
by  two  others,  one  near  each  end  ;  and  one  of 
which  projects  more  than  the  other  on  each  side, 
somewhat  like  the  crooked  part  of  a  ship's  anchor. 
A  stout  stone  is  enclosed  between  the  two  longer 
pieces  of  wood,  and  consequently  the  whole  forms 
a  sort  of  anchor,  which  is  used  in  rocky  ground, 
where  the  usual  grape  would  get  entangled  and 
stick  fnst.  The  word  hellick,  as  I  am  informed, 
signifies  a  circle  in  Welsh  ;  and  it  is  probable  that 
the  circle  of  wood,  which  holds  the  stone,  is  the 
foundation  of  the  name ;  which  therefore  is  a 


British  word  for  a  primitive,  but  very  useful 
instrument. 

Kimbly.  The  name  of  a  thing  —  commonly  a 
piece  of  bread  —  given  under  peculiar  circum- 
stances at  weddings  and  christenings.  It  refers 
to  a  custom,  which  probably  at  some  time  was 
general,  but  now,  as  far  as  I  know,  is  practised  at 
Polperro  only ;  and,  even  there,  is  less  common 
than  formerly.  When  the  parties  set  out  from 
their  house  to  go  to  church,  one  person  is  sent 
before  them,  with  this  selected  piece  of  bread  in 
the  hand.  A  woman  is  commonly  preferred  for 
this  office ;  and  the  piece  is  given  to  the  first 
individual  that  is  met,  whose  attention  has  been 
drawn  to  the  principal  parties.  The  word  is  also 
applied  to  a  gift  given  to  the  first  bringer  of  good 
news  :  as  the  birth  of  a  child,  or  intelligence  from 
abroad.  And  I  interpret  it  as  having  a  reference 
to  the  idea  of  an  evil  eye  and  its  envious  influence, 
which  is  thus  to  be  diverted  from  the  fortunate 
persons. 

Kit.  It  seems  to  mean  a  sort  of  bag  or  basket, 
in  which  anything  may  be  held.  Sometimes  it 
is  pronounced  kith ;  and  the  phrase,  "  kith  and 
kind"  means  every  sort  of  relationship,  to  a  dis- 
tant degree,  that  is  not  only  of  the  same  kind  or 
race,  but  also  all  that  can  be  held  in  the  same 
bond,  bag,  or  lot. 

Klib.  The  word  is  used  both  actively  and  pas- 
sively ;  meaning,  to  adhere  or  stick  to,  or  to  cause 
to  adhere  to.  A  thing  is  said  to  be  hlibby  when  it 
is  adhesive,  and  liable  to  stick  to  another  thing. 
Sometimes  the  word  clidgy  is  used  as  an  adjective 
in  the  same  sense.  Klitch  is  to  stick  fast ;  but  it 
seems  to  be  substantially  the  same  word  with 
clutch,  to  grasp,  or  hold  fast  with  the  hand  ;  ex- 
cept that  the  Cornish  word  includes  the  idea  of 
glutinous  adhesion. 

Klip,  a  sudden  smart  blow,  but  not  a  heavy 
one.  It  is  most  usually  applied  to  a  "  klip  under 
the  ear."  Of  late,  the  word  klipper  is  grown  into 
use  to  describe  a  smart-sailing  vessel :  one  that 
sails  very  swiftly,  with  some  distant  reference  to 
the  same  idea. 

Knap,  prominent.  It  is  sometimes  applied  to 
the  prominent  part  of  a  hill ;  but  it  is  more  fre- 
quently used  as  significant  of  the  form  of  a  person's 
knees,  when  they  are  distorted  towards  each  other, 
and  which  some  people  have  chosen  to  term  knock- 
kneed. 

Lank,  long  and  slender,  with  some  idea  of 
emptiness. 

Lary,  empty  ;  chiefly  applied  to  emptiness  of 
the  stomach  and  bowels. 

Lasher,  a  large  thing,  of  any  sort.  The  mean- 
ing sought  to  be  conveyed  appears  to  be,  that  this 
thing  beats  or  excels  every  other.  The  opinion, 
that  any  object  which  excels  another  is  able  to 
beat,  laah,  or  inflict  violence  on  that  other,  is  a 
strange  but  not  uncommon  vulgar  one. 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  260. 


Lech,  a  leek. 

Lerriping,  long  and  lank ;  longer  than  in  pro- 
portion to  a  proper  shape.  It  is  applied  to  a 
very  long  and  thin  man,  of  little  strength  or 
value. 

Lick,  to  beat,  to  conquer  one  in  fight  with  the 
fist ;  to  beat  him  well. 

Lights,  the  lungs.  The  rising  of  the  lights  is 
the  disease  hysterics ;  and  the  name  appears  to 
be  taken  from  a  symptom  by  which  an  action, 
appearing  like  strangulation,  seems  to  rise  from 
the  stomach  and  chest  towards  the  throat. 

Lob.  The  only  peculiar  meaning  of  this  word 
with  us  is,  as  it  is  applied  to  a  stone  fastened  to 
the  end  of  a  fishing-line,  to  keep  it  fast  when 
thrown  from  the  rocks.  But  thus  used,  it  nppears 
to  have  a  kindred  meaning  :  as  when  applied  by 
Shakspeare  in  the  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  as 
"the  lob  of  spirits,"  being  the  heavy  one  among 
them.  In  like  manner,  a  lubber  is  a  heavy  dull 
fellow;  and  Query  if  a  loblolly- boy  on  board  a 
ship  is  not  also  thus  derived  ?  as  meaning  a  person 
who  does  not  perform  any  of  the  active  duties, 
but  is  only  fit,  for  menial  service. 

Loft,  a  room  in  the  tipper  part  of  a  house,  but 
including  the  idea  of  its  being  of  large  size,  and 
not  a  garret.  The  word  is  often  pronounced  laft, 
and  is  not  equivalent  to  lofty  or  high.  Laffis  the 
usual  name  for  what  elsewhere  is  called  a  lath  : 
meaning  a  thin  piece  of  wood  used  to  fasten  the 
covering,  or  as  they  are  with  us  cnlled  "  the  hel- 
ling stones,"  or  slates,  on  the  roof  of  a  house, — for 
tiles  are  not  thought  of  here.  As  these  laflfs  are 
not  plastered  within,  it  is  a  question  whether  the 
loft  or  laft  is  not  so  named  from  them. 

Louning,  thin  and  meager.  A  fish  is  said  to  be 
loaning,  when  it  is  much  emaciated. 

Lonster,  to  work  hard  ;  violently,  but  clumsily. 
We  have  a  proverb  which  says,  that  such  as 
cannot  skill,  must  louster.  The  word  skill  was 
tised,  as  an  active  verb  is  used  in  the  Bible ; 
and  the  meaning  of  the  proverb  is,  that  those  who 
cannot  employ  skill  in  their  work,  must  work  the 
harder. 

Lug,  heavy.  It  is  used  to  signify  the  heavy 
weeds  among  corn  as  it  grows.  To  lug,  is  to 
carry  along  a  heavy  weight :  implying  the  carry- 
ing it  along  with  labour,  not  far  above  the  ground. 
It  has  a  kindred  meaning  with  the  word  log, 
although  the  latter  is  limited  to  mean  a  heavy 
piece  of  wood. 

Mammy ;  used,  even  by  grown  persons,  for 
mother. 

Mawl,  to  beat  any  one  severely  with  some  blunt 
instrument,  or  the  fist.  The  word,  as  a  substan- 
tive, anciently  meant  a  hammer ;  but  with  us  it 
is  only  used  as  a  verb, 

Mazed,  mad  :  out  of  his  mind,  but  it  scarcely 
means  furious  madness. 

Mich,  a  micher.     In  common  use  for  one  who 


stays  away  from  school,  and  loiters  about  some- 
where else.  Shakspeare  uses  the  word. 

Mock,  the  root  or  stump  of  a  tree. 

More,  mawr  ;  the  root  of  a  tree  or  plant,  where 
it  is  divided  into  fibres  in  the  ground  :  and  dis- 
tinguished from  the  mock,  as  the  latter  means  the 
solid  and  heavy  part  if  under  ground,  or  the  solid 
part  above  ground.  The  more,  or  mawr,  is  that 
part  by  which  a  plant  adheres  to  the  soil ;  and 
hence  we  see  the  original  signification  of  the  word, 
as  compared  with  its  secondary,  but  now  most 
frequent  application,  of  securing  a  ship  by  its 
anchor.  Our  country  people  speak  of  tearing  up 
a  thing  out  of  the  soil  mawr  and  moule ;  which 
means,  to  tear  up  a  plant  with  the  earth  attached 
to  the  roots,  of  course  with  some  violence.  The- 
word  moule  is  the  same  as  mould,  as  meaning  the 
soil. 

Mug,  a  quart,  or  large  vessel  for  holding  drink, 
a  jug.  1  think  the  original  meaning  is,  short  and 
dumpy.  It  is  applied  elsewhere,  but  not  here,  to 
the  countenance  when  short  or  blunt. 

Mule,  to  work,  to  labour.  It  is  now  chiefly 
applied  to  the  working  of  dough  with  the  bands,, 
preparatory  to  forming  it  into  bread,  which  our 
women  find  to  be  very  hard  work  for  their  arms. 

Mulligrubs,  gripings  of  the  bowels.  VIDEO. 


THE    BATTLE    OF    SEDGMOOR,    1685. 

I  think  the  following  may  be  not  without  in- 
terest to  your  renders.  I  had  occasion  to  consult 
the  registers  at  Weston-Zoyland  a  few  days  since, 
and  at  the  end  of  one  of  them  found  this  memo- 
randum : 

"  Ann  Account  of  the  Ffight  that  was  in  Langmore,  the 
Six  of  July  1685,  between  the  King's  Army  and  the 
D.  ofM. 

"  The  Iniadgement  began  between  one  and  two  of  the 
clock  in  the  morning.  It  continued  near  one  hour  and  a 
halfe.  There  was  kild  upon  the  spott  of  the  King's 
souldiers  sixteen ;  ffive  of  them  buried  in  the  churchyard,, 
and  they  had  all  Christian  biiriall.  One  hundred  or  more 
of  the  King's  souldiers  wounded ;  of  which  wounds  many 
died,  of  which  wee  have  no  certaine  account.  There  was 
kild  of  the  rebels  upon  the  spott  aboute  300  ;  hanged  with 
us  22,  of  which  4  weare  hanged  in  Gemmurek  (  ?).  Aboute 
500  prisoners  brought  into  our  church,  of  which  there  was 
79  wounded,  and  5  of  them  died  of  their  wounds  in  our 
church. 

"  The  D.  of  M.  beheaded, 

July  15,  A.D.  1685." 

I  also  found,  in  the  churchwardens'  account  for 
1686,  the  following  entries  : 

£    «.    d. 

"  Item  expd  upon  the  ringers  the  6  of  July  in 
remembrance  of  the  great  deliverance  we  liad 
upon  that  day,  in  the  year  1685   -         -        -  0     7     0 
It.  pd  Ben  Page,  John"  Keyser  (&c.  &c.),  for 

ringing  when  the  King  was  in  the  more        -  0     5     0 
It.  pA  (&c.  &c.)  for  taking  up  the  glaxes  (  ?) 
which  was  laid  over  brod  ryne  when  the  King 
was  in  the  more  -        -        -        -        -        -01G 


OCT.  21.  1854.J 


NOTES  A\D  QUERIES. 


321 


£    s.    d. 

It.  pd  Ben  Page  for  nailes  used  about  the  glaxes  008 
Jt.  expended  then  in  beere,  and  the  next  day 

when  the  King  came  through  Culston  -  -  0  8  10 
It.  pd  Richd  Board  for  earring  the  glaxe  down 

to  brod  ryne        -        -        -        -        -        -010" 

What  the  "glaxe"  is,  no  one  can  tell  me,  nor  is 
any  such  word  known  to  the  western  people. 

One  of  our  family,  Richard  Alford,  was  church- 
warden in  the  year  of  the  battle  ;  and  there  is  a 
legend  in  the  family,  that  he,  being  a  Monmouthite, 
thereby  saved  himself  by  bringing  out  to  a  party 
of  the  king's  soldiers  a  jug  of  cider,  which  had 
the  king's  head  on  it,  and  thereby  escaping  question. 

It  does  not  appear  from  Macaulay  that  the 
King  visited  Sedgmoor  the  year  after  the  battle  ; 
but  from  these  entries  it  must  have  been  so. 

I  may  add,  that  the  old  registers  at  Weston- 
Zoyland  are  unusually  full  and  perfect,  but  most 
miserably  kept  at  present,  being  tumbled  into  a 
large  chest  with  rubbish ;  and  the  parish  book 
containing  the  above  interesting  entries  is  partly 
eaten  by  mice.  HENRY  ALFORD. 


FOLK    LORE. 

Baptismal  Superstition  in  Surrey.  —  It  is  cus- 
tomary in  many  parts  of  Surrey,  when  several 
children  are  brought  to  be  baptized,  for  the  clerk 
to  take  especial  care  that  the  male  infants  be  first 
baptized  ;  for  it  is  thought  that,  should  the  young 
ladies  take  precedence,  the  boys  will  grow  up 
beardless.  Is  this  belief  confined  to  the  above 
county  ?  CLERICUS  Rusncus. 

Extraordinary  Superstition  in  Devonshire.  — 

"  An  instance  of  the  intense  feeling  of  superstition 
which  pervades  the  ignorant  among  our  rural  population 
in  the  west  of  England  occurred  at  Northlew  last  week. 
Some  gipsies  having  encamped  in  the  neighbourhood,  one 
of  the  female  members  of  the  tribe  ascertained  from  the 
wife  of  a  farm  labourer  that  she  had  a  daughter  in  the 
last  stage  of  consumption.  The  gipsey  represented  that 
the  child  had  been  'bewitched;'  and  that  she  could  rule 
the  spell,  which  would  effect  a  cure,  for  two  sovereigns. 
The  mother  of  the  child  cheerfully  paid  the  money,  but 
the  next  day  the  wily  gipsey  returned  it,  and  said  it  was 
not  sufficient,  but  20Z.  more  in  gold  would  do  it.  The 
cottager's  wife,  in  her  native  simplicity,  went  and  bor- 
rowed 10/.  from  a  neighbour;  and,  with  another  ten 
sovereigns  she  had  in  the  house  saved  from  her  husband's 
earnings,  added  the  20/.  to  the  II.  already  in  the  gipsey's 
hands.  Soon  as  the  money  was  paid,  the  affrighted 
woman  was  bound  over  to  secrecy  by  the  gipsey,  who 
mumbled  out  a  few  disjointed  texts  of  Scripture,  and  left 
with  the  promise  that  the  child  would  be  cured  on  the 
following  Friday,  when  an  angel  would  appear  and  return 
the  money.  Since  that  time,  however,  it  is  needless  to 
add,  neither  gipsey  nor  money  have  turned  up,  although 
the  impoverished  husband  and  the  police  have  been  daily 
on  the  look  out  for  the  gipsey  impostor.  On  Sunday  last 
another  specimen  of  deep-rooted  superstition  was  presented 
within  the  porch  of  the  western  door  at  Exeter  Cathedral. 
As  the  congregation  were  leaving  the  church,  a  decrepit 


old  woman  took  up  a  position  within  the  porch,  bearing  a 
begging  petition,  setting  forth  that  she  had  been  attacked 
by  a  paralytic  seizure,  and  had  been  recommended  by 
'  the  wise  woman '  to  get  a  penny  each  from  forty  single 
men  on  leaving  the  church,  and  her  infirmity  would  by 
this  charm  be  banished  for  ever." — Exeter  Paper. 

S.  R.  P. 

Distich  on  St.  Matthew  s  Day.  —  As  Thursday, 
September  21,  was  St.  Matthew's  Day,  perhaps  an 
old  distich  relative  to  that  day  will  not  be  thought 
amiss. 

"  St.  Matthew^ 
Brings  the  cold  rain  and  dew." 

Tn  some  counties  rain  is  looked  for  on  St.  James' 
Day  to  christen  the  apples.  E.  S.  B. 

Cambridgeshire  Folk  Lore.  —  The  following 
charm  is  used  in  the  county  of  Cambridge  by 
young  men  and  women  who  are  desirous  of  know- 
ing the  name  of  their  future  husbands  or  wives. 
The  "  clover  of  two  "  means  a  piece  of  clover  with 
only  two  leaves  upon  it. 

"  A  Clover,  a  Clover  of  two, 

Put  it  in  your  right  shoe  ; 

The  tirst  young  man  [woman]  you  meet, 
j-  In  field,  street,  or  lane, 

You'll  have  him  [her]  or  one  of  his  [her]  name." 

HARRIET  NORMAN.. 

Fulbourn,  Cambridgeshire. 

Remedy  for  Jaundice.  —  I  scarcely  know  whether 
ears  polite  will  tolerate  the  record  of  a  sovereign 
remedy  for  jaundice  which  fell  under  my  notice 
in  a  parish  in  Dorsetshire  a  few  weeks  since,  but 
which  I  find,  upon  inquiry,  to  be  generally  known 
and  practised  in  the  neighbourhood.  The  patient 
is  made  to  eat  nine  lice  on  a  piece  of  bread  and 
butter.  In  the  case  referred  to,  I  am  bound  to 
state,  for  the  credit  of  the  parish,  that  the  ani- 
malcules were  somewhat  difficult  of  attainment ; 
but  that,  after  having  been  duly  collected  by  the 
indefatigable  labours  of  the  village  doctress,  they 
were  administered  with  the  most  perfect  success. 

C.  W.  B. 

Adjuration  to  Bees. — The  following  curious 
piece,  which  is  said  to  be  copied  from  a  St.  Gall 
MS.,  may  be  interesting  to  apiarian  readers.  The 
Latinity  is  almost,  as  wonderful  as  the  substance 
of  it: 

"  Ad  revocandum  eramen  apum  dispersum. 

"  Adjuro  te,  mater  aviorum.  per  Deum  Kegem  crelorum, 
et  per  ilium  Kedemptorem  Filiuin  Dei  te  adjuro  ut  non 
te  alt  um  leva  re,  nee  longe  volare :  sed  quam  plus  cito 
poles  ad  arborem  venire,  ibi  te  allocas  cum  omni  tua 
genera,  vel  cum  socia  tua.  Ibi  habeo  bono  vaso  parato, 
ubi  vos  ibi  in  Dei  nomine  laboretis,  et  nos  in  Dei  nomine 
luminaria  faciamus  in  Ecclesia  Dei,  et  per  virtutem  Do- 
mini nostri  Jesu-Christi,  ut  nos  non  offendat  Dominus  de 
radio  sol  is,  sicut  vos  ofi'cndit  de  egalo  flos,  in  nomirte 
sancts  Trinitatis.  Amen."  —  Recwll  dcs  Hisloriens  de  la 
France,  ed.  Bouquet,  iv.  C09. 

J.  C.  B. 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  260. 


SLAVERY    IN    SCOTLAND    IN    THE    EIGHTEENTH 
CENTURY. 

Mr.  Hugh  Miller,  the  eminent  geologist,  in  his 
very  interesting  and  instructive  work  entitled 
My  Schools  and  Schoolmasters;  or  the  Story  of 
my  Education,  Edinb.  1854,  8vo.,  alludes  to  the 
existence  of  slavery  in  Scotland  in  the  last  cen- 
tury, which  may  not  be  generally  known.  Speak- 
ing of  a  collier  village  in  the  vicinity  of  Niddry 
Mill,  he  observes  : 

"  Curious  as  the  fact  may  seem,  all  tlio  older  men  of 
that  village,  though  situated  little  more  than  four  miles 
from  Edinburgh,  had  been  born  slaves.  Nay,  eighteen 
years  later  (in  1812),  when  Parliament  issued  a  com- 
mission to  inquire  into  the  nature  and  results  of  female 
labour  in  the  coal  pits  of  Scotland,  there  was  a  collier 
still  living  that  had  never  been  twenty  miles  from  the 
Scottish  capital,  who  could  state  to  the  Commissioners 
that  both  his  father  and  grandfather  had  been  slaves; 
that  he  himself  had  been  born  a  slave;  and  that  he  had 
wrought  for  years  in  a  pit  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Mus- 
selburgh  ere  the  colliers  got  their  freedom." 

In  a  note  he  states  that  — 

"  The  act  for  manumitting  our  Scotch  colliers  was 
passed  in  the  year  1775,  forty-nine  years  prior  to  the  date 
of  my  acquaintance  with  the  class  at  Niddry." 

This  act  for  various  reasons  had  no  practical 
effect,  until  they  were  set  free  by  a  second  act 
passed  in  1799. 

"  The  language  of  both  acts  strikes  with  startling  effect. 
'  Whereas,'  says  the  preamble  of  the  older  act,  that  of 
1775,  '  by  the  statute  law  of  Scotland,  as  explained  by 
the  judges  of  the  courts  of  law  there,  many  colliers  and 
coal-bearers,  and  salters,  are  in  a  state  of  slavery  or 
bondage,  bound  to  the  collieries  or  saltworks  where  they 
work  for  life,  transferable  with  the  collieries  and  saltworks ; 
and  whereas  the  emancipating,'  &c.  A  passage  in  the 
preamble  of  the  act  of  1799  is  scarce  less  striking;  it  de- 
clares that,  notwithstanding  the  former  act, '  many  colliers 
and  coal-bearers  still  continue  in  a  state  of  bondage '  in 
Scotland.  The  history  of  our  Scotch  colliers  would  be 
found  a  curious  and  instructive  one.  Their  slaverv  seems 
not  to  have  been  derived  from  the  ancient  times  of  general 
gerfship,  but  to  have  originated  in  comparatively  modern 
acts  of  the  Scottish  Parliament,  and  in  decisions  of  the 
Court  of  Session — in  acts  of  parliament  in  which  the 
poor  ignorant  subterranean  men  of  the  county  were  of 
course  wholly  unrepresented,  and  in  decisions  of  a  court 
in  which  no  agent  of  theirs  ever  made  appearance  in  their 
behalf."  —  Pp.  303—305. 

ElRIONNACH. 


The  Literary  Pensions  of  the  Year,  —  When  the 
world  read  in  the  columns  of  The  Times  the  other 
day,  how  the  "eminent  services"  and  the  "valuable 
contributions"  of  so  many  distinguished  scholars, 
poets,  musicians,  missionaries,  naturalists,  orien- 
talists, naval  architects,  &c.  &c.,  are  rewarded  by 
a  rich  and  mighty  nation  like  England,  with  the 
pittance  of  1200Z.,  distributed  among  some  thirty 
or  forty  individuals,  all  of  whom,  by  the  force  and 


splendour  of  their  genius,  talents,  and  virtues, 
have  contributed  so  greatly  to  advance  the  pros- 
perity and  renown  of  their  country  —  one  cannot 
but  lament  that  the  statesmen  who  bestow  such 
pensionary  rewards  have  not  a  more  enlightened 
and  better  appreciation  of  their  gifted  country- 
men's services :  for  in  such  a  case  —  and  the 
country  at  large  I  am  sure  responds  with  one 
heart  and  soul  to  the  appeal  —  the  tribute  to  the 
services  and  merits  of  such  great  men  would  be 
more  worthy  of  them,  their  destitute  relatives, 
and  their  country.  JNDIGNANS. 

St.Mandifs  Well. — The  following  extract  from 
the  West  Briton  of  Sept.  29,  1854,  deserves  a  niche 
in  "  K".  &  Q."  as  a  record  of  a  ruin  obliterated : 

"  At  length  this  well,  which,  since  the  days  of  Camden, 
has  been  the  indicator  of  the  site  of  St.  Mawes  Chapel, 
has  yielded,  like  many  of  the  bits  of  vertu,  to  the  Vanclalic 
taste  and  Bceotic  spade  of  men,  who  wield  the  trowel  and 
deal  in  mortar.  The  cavity  has  now  been  filled  up,  pipes 
have  been  laid  down,  a  new  facies  has  been  implanted, 
and  the  venerable  spot  is  lost  to  the  inquirer.  It  will  no 
longer  be  a  bone  of  literary  contention,  whether  the  de- 
scriptive words  in  an  oid  legend,  'infra  muros,'  placed 
this  well  within  or  without  certain  boundaries.  A  par- 
liamentary section  was"  not  long  since  engaged  in  this 
mighty  question ;  they,  however,  came  to  no  decision, 
and  the  subject  is  never  likely  again  to  occupy  senatorial 
attention.  This  relic  now  falls  deeply  into  the  far-off 
perspective ;  doomed,  like  many  other  antiquarian  gems, 
to  be  removed  from  scientific  research  unheeded,  unvalued, 
unremembered.  Among  all  the  Savans,  and  amidst  all  the 
fervour  of  lamed  disputation,  on  the  observation  of  the 
sacred  little  spring,  not  one  single  sigh  was  elicited  for 
poor  old  St.  Maudit's  Well,  so  long  the  general  exponent  of 
the  important  and  contiguous  chapel.  The  monks  of  old 
held  the  bubbling  waters  of  this  ancient  well  in  high 
estimation ;  but  mutability  is  the  character  stamped  oil 
all  human  movements,  and  the  issue  of  this  well  is  another 
of  the  '  sic  transits'  in  the  great- page. 

"  'We  build  with,  what  we  deem  eternal  rock  ; 
A  distant  age  asks,  where  the  fabric  stood  ? '  " 

S.  R.  P. 

Green's  "  Lives  of  the  Princesses."  —  The  Liven 
of  the  Princesses  of  England,  by  Mary  Anne 
Everett  Green,  is  a  work  of  very  considernble 
merit,  both  for  the  industrious  research  of  the 
authoress,  and  the  very  instructive  and  interesting 
narratives  she  has  constructed  from  materials  in- 
accessible to  most  readers.  But  she  has  fallen  into 
errors  which  in  any  future  edition  we  are  hopeful 
she  will  correct. 

Vol.  i.  p.  392.  Ringhorne  Castle  is  men!  ioned  as 
the  residence  of  Queen  Ermengarde.  There  is  no 
such  place.  Kinghorn  (Comu  Regis)  must  be 
meant. 

Vol.  i.  p.  394.  "  The  powerful  Lord  of  Galway." 
Galway  is  in  Ireland,  and  the  person  alluded  to 
was  Lord  of  Galloway.  This  mistake  occurs  again 
in  the  second  volume,  p.  181. 

Vol.  ii.  p.  184.  "The  Castle  of  Edinburgh 
stands  on  a  sea-girt  precipice."  The  castle  is 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


323 


fully  two  miles  from  the  sea.  At  one  period  it 
was  partially  surrounded  by  what  is  called  a  loch, 
now  drained.  This  error  is  surpassed  by  Miss 
Strickland,  who,  not  knowing  the  French  designa- 
tion of  the  Scottish  capital,  imagines  Lislebourgh 
and  Edinburgh  to  be  separate  cities. 

Vol.  ii.  p.  359.  "  From  his  daughter  Margaret 
are  descended  the  family  of  Montacute  or  Mon- 
tague, the  present  Earls  of  Salisbury."  The  Cecils 
have  been  Earls  of  Salisbury  for  at  least  two 
centuries. 

Vol.  iii.  p.  113.  "Mock  king  John  Baliol." 
In  what  way  was  Baliol  a  mock  king  ?  He  was 
the  lawful  heir  of  the  crown,  and  was  as  much 
king  of  Scotland  as  his  successor  King  Robert 
the  Bruce,  or  his  predecessor  Alexander  III. 

J.  M. 

Edinburgh. 

Scottish  Ruins. — As  some  solace  to  the  wounded 
feelings  of  RHADAMANTHUS,  and  of  others  who 
think  as  he  does  on  the  subject  of  the  neglect 
shown  to  the  national  antiquities  and  ruined 
palaces  of  Scotland,  I  beg  to  send  you  the  fol- 
lowing extract  from  the  English  Churchman  of 
August  31.  I  believe  there  is  a  recently-formed 
Scottish  Architectural  Society,  which  is  labouring 
in  the  cause  that  RHADAMANTHUS  has  so  much  at 
heart. 

"  Holyrood  Palace.  —  Sir  William  Molesworth,  Chief 
Commissioner  of  Her  Majesty's  Works,  &c.,  has  visited 
Edinburgh,  and  inspected  the  palace  of  Holyrood  and  the 
other  public  buildings,  with  a  view  to  various  improve- 
ments being  carried  out." 

SCOTUS. 

Alchymical  Riddle  of  the  sixteenth  Century. — 

"  In  a  place  where  I  was, 
I  saw  [a]  person  made  of  glasse, 
And  in  that  person  were  persones  three, 
And  they  were  clothed  all  in  Blacke : 
The  persons  dore  was  made  of  bread, 
And  yet  for  hunger  they  were  all  dead. 
Tell  me  nowe  for  the  love  of  me, 
What  manner  of  persons  these  should  be." 

Ashm.  MS.  No.  1480. 

z. /. 

Philological  Ingenuity.  —  The  following  is  a 
curious  example  of  philological  ingenuity,  in  the 
application  of  an  idiomatic  phrase  to  convey  a 
meaning,  for  which  the  language  contains  no  pre- 
cise or  definite  words. 

"  Sgaol  abada  boita"  means,  in  Irish,  an  exag- 
gerated or  boastful  story,  literally  "  news  upon 
stilts."  The  Galway  peasantry  apply  this  expres- 
sion to  designate  the  electric  telegraph. 

J.  LOCKE. 

Dublin. 

"  Talented.'''  —  It  may  be  wortli  noting  as  a 
parallel  case  to  the  word  "  starvation,"  that  the 
adjective  "  talented,"  now  so  commonly  used  to 


express  genius  or  ability,  is  not  to  be  found  in 
Todd's  Johnson 's,  Sheridan  s,  Walker  s,  or  in  any  of 
the  old  dictionaries.  Richardson  merely  remarks 
that  it  is  given  by  I^oah  Webster,  on  turning  to 
whose  American  dictionary  I  find  it  with  a  re- 
ference to  the  Ch.  Spectator,  which  I  cannot  just 
now  verify.  J.  R.  G. 


BURNING    OF    THE    JESUITICAL   BOOKS. 

On  April  23,  1768,  Junius,  under  the  signature 
Bifrons,  wrote  : 

"  I  remember  seeing  Busembaum,  Suarez,  Molina,  and 
a  score  of  other  Jesuitical  books,  burnt  at  Paris,  for  their 
sound  casuistry,  by  the  hands  of  the  common  hangman." 

On  this,  the  Quarterly  Review,  in  its  article  pub- 
lished in  January,  1852,  endeavouring  to  prove 
Thomas,  Lord  Lyttleton,  to  have  been  Junius, 
says  : 

"  We  may  assume  that  this  took  place  in  17G4,  as  it 
was  in  that  year  that  Choiseul  suppressed  the  Jesuits." 

In  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  v.,  p.  56.,  MR.  H.  MERIVALB 

says: 

"  The  orders  of  the  parliament  of  Paris  against  the 
Jesuits,  one  of  which  condemned  some  thirty  of  their 
books  to  be  burnt,  were  issued  three  years  before  the  sup- 
pression of  their  order  in  France,  viz.  in  the  early  part 
and  summer  of  1761." 

And  the  ED.  "  !N".  &  Q."  remarks  in  a  note,  that 
the  burning  "took  place  on  August 7, 1761;"  and 
refers  to  "  a  very  curious  note  on  the  subject "  in 
Bohn's  edition  of  Junius. 

If  MR.  MERIVALE,  and  the  ED.  "  !N".  &  Q.,"  will 
refer  to  a  little  book,  published  a  few  months  ago, 
by  Triibner  &  Co.,  Paternoster  Row,  under  the 
title  Junius  Discovered,  by  Frederick  Griffin, 
pp.  175.  to  181.,  they  will  find  unquestionable 
proof  that  the  burning  could  not  have  taken  place 
until  after  August  6,  1762.  Can  any  reader  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  furnish  the  precise  date  ?  And  also, 
were  there  any  subsequent  public  burnings  of 
Jesuitical  books,  by  order  of  the  parliament  of 
Paris,  save  the  one  mentioned  by  Mr.  Griffin  as 
having  occurred  on  January  21,  1764,  and  which 
he  has  shown  could  not  have  been  the  burning 
alluded  to  by  Junius  ?  If  the  extract  from  Mr. 
Griffin's  essay  were  not  too  long,  its  publication  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  would  be  desirable. 

With  reference  to  the  Junius  "  Miscellaneous 
Letter  XX."  which  immediately  precedes  the 
letter  of  Bifrons,  it  may  not  be  inopportune  to 
remove  some  of  the  odium  attached  to  the  moral 
character  of  the  Lord  Bute  of  the  days  of  Junius, 
by  an  incorrect  filling  up  of  a  blank.  The  Letter, 
as  originally  published  in  the  Public  Advertiser 
said  :  "  And  even  Lord  B e  prefers  the  sim- 
plicity of  seduction,  to  the  poignant  pleasure  of  a 


324 


NOTES  AND  QUElilES. 


[No.  260. 


rape."  In  G.  Woodfall's  edition,  published  in 
1814,  and  also  in  Bohn's  edition  of  1850,  the  full 
name  Bute  is  given;  whereas  the  nobleman  re- 
ferred to  was  not  Lord  Bute,  but  Lord  Baltimore*, 
who,  at  the  date  of  the  letter,  had  recently  been 
tried  for  a  rape,  and  escaped  conviction  by  proving 
the  consent  of  his  unfortunate  victim.  Eaic. 

Canada. 

[In  compliance  with  the  wish  expressed  by  our  Trans- 
atlantic correspondent,  we  insert  the  following  extract 
from  Mr.  Griffiu's  work,  which  is  an  ingenious,  but,  in  our 
opinion,  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  prove  that  Governor 
Pownall  was  the  writer  of  the  Letters  of  Junius  : 

"The  decree  or  arret  of  the  parliament  of  Paris,  of  the 
Gth  of  August,  1761,  after  detailing  thirty-three  different 
works,  written  by  Jesuits  (and  published  under  the 
sanction  of  their  order),  as  having  been  examined  by 
Commissioners  of  the  Court,  condemned  twenty-four  of 
them,  to  be  '  laceres  et  bruits  en  la  cour  du  Palais,  au  pied 
du  grand  escalier  d'icelui,  par  1'executeur  de  la  haute 
justice,  comme  seditieux,  destructifs  de  tout  principe  de 
la  morale  chretienne,  enseignant  une  doctrine  meurtriere 
et  abominable,  non-seulement  contre  la  surete  de  la  vie 
des  citoyens,  mais  meme  contre  celle  des  persounes  sacrees 
des  souverains.' 

"  Busembaum's  Theologta  Moralis,  edited  by  Lacroix,  — 
Suarez's  Fidei  Catholicce,  —  and  Molina's  De  Justitid  et 
jure,  were  among  the  works  examined,  but  only  the  first 
and  third  were  condemned  to  the  flames ;  the  first  being 
moreover  honoured  by  a  special  prohibition  of  its  future 
sale  or  use.  Suarez's  Work,  as  stated  in  the  arret,  had 
already  been  condemned  to  be  burnt  in  1614,  the  year  of 
its  publication ;  and,  probably,  the  parliament  therefore 
deemed  it  unnecessary  to  repeat  the  condemnation.  Be- 
sides the  condemnation  of  the  books  of  sound  casuistry, 
the  arret,  at  great  length,  forbade  the  further  operations 
of  the  Jesuits,  as  teachers  or  professors,  in  the  French 
dominions,  and  decreed  the  closing  of  their  colleges, 
schools,  &c.  By  the  king's  letters  patent  of  the  same 
date,  the  execution  of  this  arret  was  suspended  for  one 
year ;  and,  on  the  last  day  of  that  year,  namely,  on  the 
6th  of  August,  1762,  another  Arret  du  Parletnent  de  Paris, 
coticernant  les  Jesuites,  was  passed,  which  —  after  recapitu- 
lating the  legislative  and  judicial  proceedings  in  France, 
relative^  to  the  order  of  Jesuits,  from  the  arret  of  the  29th 
of  December,  1594,  and  edict,  based  thereon,  of  Henri  IV., 
of  the  7th  of  January  following,  which  first  banished  the 
Jesuits  from  the  kingdom,  —  showed,  among  other  things, 
with  wonderful  minuteness,  the  grounds  of  the  con- 
demnation of  the  works  of  the  Jesuits,  and  then  confirmed 
the  arret  of  the  6th  of  August,  in  the  preceding  year,  and 
commanded  its  execution.  At  what  precise  date,  after- 
ward, the  executeur  de  la  haute  justice  fulfilled  the  par- 


[*  This  justice  has  already  been  done  to  Lord  Bute 
in  one  of  those  admirable  articles  on  the  Jrxirs 
question  which  appeared  in  The  Athenaeum  of  1853, 
page  734.  And  here  we  will  take  the  opportunity  of 
repeating  publicly  an  observation  which  we  have  often 
heard  privatelv — how  desirable  it  is  that  these  papers, 
and  others  on  Wilkes,  Mason,  &c.,  apparently  from  the 
same  hand,  filled  as  they  are  with  minute  but  most  inter- 
esting facts,  and  exhibiting,  as  they  do,  a  perfect  fami- 
liarity with  the  men  and  events  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
should  be  reprinted  in  an  accessible  form.  These  ESSAYS 
FROM  THB  ATHICNVEUM:  would,  we  are  sure,  be  welcome 
to  a  very  large  class  of  readers,  who  have  not  the  oppor- 
tiinity  of  wading  in  search  of  them  through  the  volumes 
in  -which  they  originally  appeared.  —  ED.  "N.  &  Q-"] 


ticular  duty  assigned  to  him  by  the  arrSt,  we  have  failed 
to  discover.  But  the  delay  of  little  more  than  a  month 
would  have  rendered  it  possible  for  such  a  person  as 
Governor  Pownall  to  have  visited  Paris ;  as,  on  the  4th 
of  September,  1762,  the  Duke  of  Bedford  was  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  His  Most  Christian  Majesty, 
and  immediately  departed  to  Paris,  where  he  remained 
until  the  object  of  his  appointment  had  been  attained,  by 
the  signing  of  the  preliminary  treaty  of  peace,  at  Foii- 
tainebleau,  on  the  3rd  of  November,  and  of  the  final  one, 
at  Paris,  on  the  10th  of  February,  in  the  following  ym-.r; 
go  that,  if  the  burning  of  the  books  took  place  at  any 
time  after  the  Duke's  arrival  in  Paris,  in  the  i;rst  week 
of  September,  1762,  it  is  qute  possible  that  Governor 
Pownall,  in  his  Grace's  suite,  or  otherwise,  may  have 
visited  that  city,  and  been  present  at  the  burning.  In- 
deed there  is  a'strong  probability  that  he  did  visit  Paris 
towards  the  close  of  the  year;  as,  very  soon  afiur  the 
signing  of  the  preliminary  treaty,  the  combined  army  iu 
Germany,  under  Prince  Ferdinand,  began  to  break  up, 
and  the  English  portion  of  it  returned  to  England  in  De- 
cember. Governor  Pownall's  situation  as  comptroller- 
general  would  not  require  that  he  should  accompany  the 
army  on  it*  march,  and  his  own  return  to  England,  by  the 
way" of  Paris,  would  no  doubt  better  suit  his  convenience 
than  by  any  other  route.  That  the  burning  of  the 
Jesuits'  books  of  sound  casuistry,  alluded  to  in  the  letter 
signed  Bifrous,  was  the  burning  ordered  by  the  arret  of 
the  6th  of  August,  1762,  at  whatever  date  that  arrSt  may 
have  been  carried  into  execution,  we  believe  cannot  admit 
of  doubt ;  as  it  was  the  only  burning  of  the  kind  within 
a  probable  period  —  say,  within  half  a  century  imme- 
diately preceding  the  date  of  the  letter,  that  was  of  suffi- 
cient extent  to  warrant  the  use  of  the  words  "  and  a  score 
more,"  in  addition  to  the  specified  works  of  Busembaum, 
Suarez,  and  Molina.  The  only  subsequent  similar  burning 
of  books  at  Paris,  took  place  on  the  21st  of  January,  1764, 
in  the  court -yard  of  the  palais ;  but  by  what  authority 
does  not  appear.  The  collection  of  French  arrets,  down 
to  1789,  to  which  we  have  access,  professes  to  be  a  com- 
plete one ;  yet  the  arret  of  the  6th  of  August,  1762,  is  the 
last  one,  of'that  collection,  that  condemns  any  books  to 
the  flames.  The  burning  of  the  21st  of  January,  1764, 
could  not  have  been  effected  under  its  authority;  be- 
cause among  the  books  burnt  was  the  Instruction  Pas- 
torale of  the  Archbishop  of  Paris,  Christophe  de  Beau- 
mont, which  was  not  published  until  the  28th  of  October, 
1763  ;  and  yet,  a  modern  French  historian  of  the  Jesuits 
insinuates,  that  the  Archbishop's  book  was  burnt  by  an 
arbitrary  order  of  the  parliament,  —  and  adds,  that  the 
Kmile  of  Jean-Jacques  Kousseau,  and  the  Eaeyclopedie, 
shared  the  same  fate,  at  the  hands  of  the  same  execu- 
tioner."] 


SOUTH' s  SERMONS. 

I  nm  not  aware  of  any  annotated  edition  of  Dr. 
South's  admirable  Sermons,  and  should  be  glad, 
therefore,  either  to  be  informed  if  any  exists 
where  the  subjoined  passages  are  explained,  or  to 
receive  some  elucidation  of  the  same  through 
"  N.  &  Q.  ?  " 

1.  "  A  coal,  we  know,  snatched  from  the  altar,  once 
fired  the  nest  of  the  eagle,  the  royal  and  commanding 
bird." 

What  is  the  story  here  alluded  to  ? 

2.  "  Wolsey  obtained  leave  from  the  Pope  to  demolish 
forty  religious  houses,  whit-h  he  did  by  the  service  of  five 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


325 


men,  every  one  of  whom  came  to  a  sad  and  fatal  end. 
Two  of  them  quarrelled,  of  whom  one  was  slain,  and  the 
other  hanged  for  it ;  the  third  drowned  himself  in  a  well ; 
the  fourth,  though  rich,  came  at  length  to  beg  hi*  bread ; 
and  the  fifth  was  miserably  stabbed  to  death  in  Dublin."  * 

Who  were  these  five  men  ? 

3.  "That  person  that   (being  provoked  by  excessive 
pain)  thrust  his  dagger  into  his  body,  and  thereby,  in- 
stead of  reaching  his  vitals,  opened  an  hnposthume,  the 
unknown  cause  of  all  his  pain,  and  so  stabbed  himself 
into  perfect  health  and  ease,"  &c. 

'To  whom  does  the  preacher  here  refer  ? 

4.  "  We  find  it  once  said  of  an  eminent  cardinal,  by 
reason  of  his  great  and  apparent  likelihood  to  step  into 
St.  Peter's  chair,  that  in  two  conclaves  he  went  in  pope, 
and  came  out  again  cardinal." 

What  cardinal  was  this  ?  N.  L.  T. 


"  Rattlin'  Roaring  Willie."  —  What,  and  where 
to  be  found,  is  the  oldest  version  of  this  song  ? 
In  Thomson's  Scottish  Melodies,  five  vols.  8vo., 
1838,  there  is  a  set  of  words  by  Burns;  and  in 
Cunningham's  edition  of  the  Works  of  the  latter 
Author  (vol.  iv.  p.  108.)  one  version  is  partially 
given.  But  there  surely  is  some  older  one  to  be 
found  in  early  collections,  MS.  or  prmted,  although 
such  is  unknown  to  me."f"  W. 

Hawick. 

Shahspeare  Club  Works.  —  Some  sets  of  these 
publications  have  been  exposed  for  sale,  with  in- 
dices and  title-pages.  One  of  these  I  have  seen; 
but  two  of  the  volumes,  viz.  John  a  Kent  and 
-John  a  Cumber,  1851,  and  Lodge's  Defence,  1853, 
have  no  general  title.  In  tins  set  also  there  is  no 
copy  of  Collier's  Emendations  of  Shukxpeure  from 
the  MS.  corrections  in  the  old  folio,  although  it 
has  been  understood  that  this  also  forms  one  of 
the  series.  Perhaps  you  can  explain  this,  and  why 
gentlemen  who  subscribed  until  a  year  or  two 
before  the  breaking  up  of  the  Society,  have  not 
been  furnished  with  titles  and  indices  for  the 
period  during  which  they  subscribed,  and  why 
some  opportunity  was  not  afforded  to  them  of 
completing  their  sets  ?  ANON. 

The  Stanleys  in  Man.  —  Some  few  years  ago  I 
•was  conversing  with  a  lady  in  the  Isle  of  Man  on 

[*  South  appears  to  have  quoted  this  account  from 
Fuller's  Church  History,  book  vi.  sect.  3.  The  fifth  indi- 
vidual was  Dr.  Allen,  afterwards  Archbishop  of  Dublin.] 

[f  Another  version  is  given  ill  Cromek's  Select  Scottish 
Songs,  vol.  ii.  p.  4.,  edit.  1810  ;  who  states,  that  "  the  last 
stanza  of  this  song  is  mine :  it  was  composed  out  of  com- 
pliment to  one  of  the  worthiest  fellows  in  the  world, 
William  Dunbar,  Esq.,  Writer  to  the  Signet,  Edinburgh, 
and  Colonel  of  the  Croch;illan  Corps,  a  club  of  wits  who 
took  that  title  at  the  time  of  raising  the  feucible  regi- 
ments."] 


various  matters  connected  with  the  history  of  the 
island,  and  she  told  me  she  had  been  informed 
that  ever  since  the  execution  of  the  Earl  of  Derby 
at  Bolton,  in  1651,  every  member  of  the  family 
who  had  occasion  to  visit  or  pass  through  that 
town,  always  avoided  the  market-place  where 
their  ancestor  suffered.  Has  this  statement  any 
foundation  in  fact  ?  G.  TAYLOB. 

Sir  Viulter  Scott  and  Thomas  Hood.  —  Has  the 
subjoined  use  of  a  like  idea  by  these  celebrated 
authors  been  noted  before  ? 

"  And  div  ye  think  that  my  man  and  my  sons  are  to 
gae  to  the  sea  in  weather  like  yestreen  and  the  day  — 
sic  a  sea  as  its  yet  outby  —  and  get  naething  for  then- 
fish,  and  be  misca'd  into"  the  bargain,  Monkbarns?  Ifs 
no  fish  ye  re  buying  —  it's  men's  iites."  —  Antiquary, 
chap.  xi. 

And  in  Hood's  world-famed  Song  of  the  Skirt 
occurs,  — 

"  Work,  work,  work, 
Till  the  brain  begins  to  swim ; 

Work,  work,  work, 
Till  the  eyes  are  heavy  and  dim! 
Seam,  anil  gusset,  and  band, 

Band,  and  gusset,  and  seam, 

Till  over  the  buttons  I  fall  asleep, 

And  sew  them  on  in  a  dream. 

0  men  !  with  sisters  dear ! 

0  men !  with  mothers  and  wives ! 
It  is  not  linen  you're  wearing  o  ut, 

But  human  creatures'  lives  !  " 

ROBERT  S.  SALMON 
Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

The  Green  Lady. — Where  is  the  portrait  of 
the  "Green  Lady"  (so  called  from  the  colour  of 
the  dress)  to  be  found  ?  It  is  the  portrait  of  the 
"  Spanish  Lady,"  whose  story  is  related  in  Percy's 
Reliques  of  Ancient  English  Poetry,  and  of  which 
a  copy  is  given  by  Lady  Dalmeny  in  Spanish 
Ballads.  The  portrait  was  once  in  Thorpe  Hall, 
Lincolnshire.  T.  L.  A. 

Parallel  Passages.  —  Is  the  idea,  common  to  the 
two  following  quotations,  traceable  to  an  earlier 
source  than  George  Herbert  ?  In  the  thirteenth 
stanza  of  The  Church  Porch  we  have  — 

"  Dare  to  be  true.     Nothing  can  need  a  lie : 
A  fault,  which  needs  it,  most,  grows  two  thereby." 

Dr.  Watts,  in  his  Moral  Songs  for  Children^ 
has  written  : 

"  But  liars  we  can  never  trust, 

Though  they  should  speak  the  word  that's  true : 
And  he  that  does  one  fault  at  first, 
And  lies  to  hide  it,  makes  it  two." 

R.  PKICE. 
St.  Ives. 

The  RoK'e  Family.  —  Perhaps  some  of  your 
correspondents  could  give  me  some  information 
respecting  the  family  of  liowe  of  Sussex.  The 


326 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  260. 


last  representative  was  Milward  Rowe,  Esq.,  whose 
monument  is  in  Petworth  Church,  and  whose 
large  estates  were  divided  between  his  two 
daughters,  both  of  whom  married. 

The  arms  of  Rowe  of  Sussex  are :  Argent,  a 
chevron  sable  between  three  lions'  heads  erased 
gules  ;  and  the  crest  is,  I  think,  a  lion's  head 
erased  gules. 

Any  information  respecting  this  family  would 
be  thankfully  received  by  C.  J.  R. 

Greek  spoken  in  Brittany.  —  In  the  British 
Cyclopaedia  of  Literature,  History,  Sfc.,  1836,  art. 
BRITTANY,  is  the  following  sentence  : 

"  The  Bas  Bretons  speak  a  dialect  of  the  Celtic.  There 
is  also  a  patois  among  them  called  Luache,  of  which  the 
words  are  principally  Greek." 

Is  this  information  correct  ?  If  so,  how  came 
Greek  to  be  spoken  in  such  an  out-of-the-way 
corner  ?  E.  WEST. 

Early  Grants  of  Arms.  —  Was  it  necessary  to 
prove  three  descents,  with  possession  of  lands,  to 
obtain  a  grant  of  arms  in  the  early  visitations  ? 

H.  P. 

Glasgow  City  Arms. —  At  the  Glasgow  banquet 
in  commemoration  of  the  inauguration  of  the 
statue  of  Her  Majesty,  Baron  Marochetti  quoted 
the  motto  of  the  city  arms  thus  :  "  Let  Glasgow 
flourish."  Perhaps  the  worthy  baron  was  not 
aware  that  he  was  perpetuating  an  error  into 
which  the  good  citizens  appear  to  have  fallen  not 
unwillingly,  and  that  the  fine  old  pious  prayer, 
"  Let  Glasgow  flourish  through  the  preaching  of 
the  word,"  had  been  cut  down  to  serve  the  purposes 
of  civic  civility  and  commercial  enterprise.  Are 
the  good  citizens  ashamed  of  their  motto,  or  is  it 
too  long  to  find  its  way  within  the  garter  ?  If 
neither  of  these  suppositions  should  prove  correct, 
would  it  not  be  well  to  revert  to  the  ancient 
practice,  and  let  their  noble  guests  have  the  oppor- 
tunity of  wishing  the  prosperity  of  Glasgow  in  the 
highest  sense  of  the  word  ?  CHARLES  REED. 

Paternoster  Eow. 

Portrait  of  Sir  Thomas  Allen.  —  Is  there  any 
portrait  extant,  and  where,  of  Sir  Thomas  Allen, 
Lord  Mayor  of  London,  who  was  knighted  by 
Charles  II.  at  Blackheath,  on  29th  May,  1660, 
previous  to  his  majesty's  triumphant  entry  into 
the  city  of  London  ?  D. 

"  The  Polyanthea"  Sfc.  — 

"  The  Polyanthea :  or,  a  Collection  of  Interesting  Frag- 
ments, in  Prose  and  Verse,  consisting  of  Original  Anec- 
dotes, Biographical  Sketches,  Dialogues,  Letters,  Cha- 
racters," &c. 

By  whom  was^this  work  compiled  ?  It  contains 
some  pieces  by  Swift's  friend,  Dr.  Sheridan, 
(grandfather  to  the  celebrated  Richard  Brinsley 


Sheridan),  and  said  to  be  not  before  published. 
Was  this  the  case  ?  The  volumes  contain  many 
curious  articles,  but  very  few  authorities  are 
given.  II.  MARTIN. 

Halifax. 

Rowley  and  Hudibras.  —  Horace  Walpole,  in 
his  Apology  for  his  treatment  of  Chatterton, 
among  other  proofs  of  the  imposture  of  Rowley's 
Poems,  asserts  that  "  a  chaplain  of  the  late  Bishop 
of  Exeter  has  found  in  Rowley  a  line  of  Hudibras" 

Could  any  correspondent  oblige  me  by  the 
"  line,"  and  a  reference  to  the  passages  of  Roivley 
and  Hudibras  respectively,  in  which  it  is  to  be 
found?  A.B.R. 

Belmont. 

Roman  Catholic  Divines.  —  Conversing  with  a 
member  of  the  Romish  communion  a  few  days  ago 
on  the  subject  of  divorce,  he,  in  contrasting  the 
dissolution  of  the  marriage  contract  by  authority 
of  the  Pope,  with  that  obtained  by  act  of  parlia- 
ment in  England,  specified  this  difference  in 
favour  of  the  former,  that  the  parties  are  never 
allowed  to  marry  again.  Is  this  the  fact  uni- 
versally, or  is  the  rule  with  exceptions  ?  D. 

Roubilliacs  Statue  of  Cicero.  —  In  a  very  in- 
teresting original  letter  before  me  on  an  ajsthetical 
subject,  the  writer  says  : 

"  Chantrey  once  mentioned  to  me  a  statue  of  Cicero,  by 
Roubilliac  (either  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge),  in  the  full 
tide  of  eloquent  inspiration,  uttering  one  of  his  mighty 
orations." 

Is  there  such  a  statue  at  either  of  the  universities  ? 

H. 

The  Sultan  of  the  Crimea.  —  In  the  year  1824 
a  gentleman  visited  these  countries  who  described 
himself,  and  was  universally  received,  as  the  ex- 
Sultan  of  the  Crimea.  He  bore  the  name  on  his 
card  of  Kala  Gherai  Grim  Gherai,  and  he  married, 
I  think,  a  Scotch  lady.  Those  who  met  him  in 
society  at  that  time  in  Edinburgh,  well  remember 
his  fine  person  and  dignified  demeanour.  Is  any- 
thing known  of  his  subsequent  history  ?  ? 

Wolfe's  Gloves.  —  Shortly  before  his  death, 
Wolfe  gave  the  gloves  he  had  been  wearing  to 
General  Price,  his  aide-de-camp.  The  family  de- 
scendants of  the  General  possessed  them  up  to  a 
very  late  date,  and  would  be  glad  to  learn  in 
whose  property  the  gloves  are  at  the  present  time. 
CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

"  Die  Heiligen"  SfC.  —  Die  Hciligcn  nach  den 
Volksbegriffen,  4  vo'ls.  :  Leipzig,  1791.  Who  was 
the  author  of  this  book  ?  J.  C.  R. 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


327 


CRuerteS  imti) 

"  Cur  moriatur  homo"  fyc.  —  Where  is  the 
well-known  hexameter,  — 

"  Cur  moriatur  homo,  cui  salvia  crescit  in  horto," 
to  be  found  ?  I  have  searched  every  work, 
botanical,  medical,  and  classical,  I  can  think  of,  or 
get  my  hands  on,  and  although  all  unite  in  praise 
of  sage  as  one  of  the  most  wholesome  of  herbs,  the 
only  one  I  have  as  yet  found  who  makes  any  direct 
reference  to  it  is  London,  in  his  Arboretum  et  Fruti- 
cetum,  and  he  only  alludes  to  "  an  old  Latin  poet" 
as  the  author  of  it.  Loudon  is  generally  so  precise . 
in  all  his  references,  that  I  am  convinced  he  would 
have  named  the  author  had  he  known  him.  I 
Lave  put  the  question  to  many  of  our  best  Latin- 
ists  and  antiquaries  in  this  town,  and  though  all 
have  heard  of  the  line,  and  it  is  familiar  to  them, 
they  cannot  name  the  author. 

Kay,  in  his  Historia  Plantarum,  refers  to  the 
"  common  Latin  versicle,"  — 

"  Salvia  cum  ruta  faciunt  tibi  pocula  tuta." 
but  does  not  make  any  allusion  to  the  verse  I  ask 
for   information    about,   which,    however,    was   a 
common  versicle  in  Elizabeth's  reign.  G.  S. 

Belfast. 

[In  Rees'  Ct/chpadia  this  verse  is  quoted  as  an  axiom 
of  the  school  of  Salernum,  which  recommended  sage  as  an 
antidote  in  all  diseases : 

"  Cur  moriatur  homo,  cui  salvia  crescit  in  horto? 
Contra  vim  mortis  non  est  medicamen  in  hortis." 

"Why  should  a  man  die,  while  he  has  sage  in  his 
garden  ?  " 

Again : 

"  Salvia  salvatrix,  naturae  conciliatrix, 
Salvia  cum  ruta  faciunt  tibi  pocula  tuta."] 

LoVs  Pound.  —  Who  was  Lob,  and  where- 
abouts was  his  pound  ?  AN  ANXIOUS  INQUIRER. 

[Who  Lob  was  is  as  little  known  as  the  site  of  "  Lips- 
bury  pinfold  "  in  King  Lear,  and  seems  to  have  baffled 
onr  antiquaries  from  the  time  of  that  redoubtable  knight 
Hudibras  to  that  of  the  renowned  Captain  Francis  Grose. 
The  phrase  occurs  in  Massinger's  Duke  of  Milan,  1623  ; 
and  Dr.  Grey,  in  one  of  his  notes  on  Hudibras,  makes  a 
humorous  application  of  it  in  the  case  of  one  Lob,  a  dis- 
senting preacher.  Mu.  THOMS,  in  his  Folk  Lore  of 
Shakspeare,  contends,  on  the  authority  of  the  Fairy's 
address  to  Puck,  "Thou  Lob  of  Spirits,"  and  on  passages 
from  Grimm's  Deutsche  Mythologie,  that  Lob  is  a  well  - 
established  fairy  epithet.  Lob's  pound  is,  however,  a 
jocular  term  for  a  prison,  the  stocks,  or  any  place  of  con- 
finement :  hence  in  an  old  Canting  Dictionary  we  read, 
"  To  bo.  laid  in  Lob's  pound,  is  to  be  laid  by  the  heels,  or 
clapped  up  in  jail."] 

Volhres  Chamber,  Kingsland  Church,  Hereford- 
shire. —  A  small  building  on  the  left  side  of  the 
entrance  porch  to  this  church  is  called  "  Volkre's 
Chamber,"  and  being  unable  to  discover  from 
whence  it  obtained  the  name,  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents would  confer  a  favour  by  unravelling 


the  secret.  There  is  a  large  field,  or  common 
meadow,  at  Broadward,  near  Leominster,  called 
"  Volka  Meadow  :  "  will  the  similarity  in  name  be 
any  assistance  in  elucidation  of  the  above  ? 

J.  B.  WllITBORNE. 

[This  chamber  or  chapel  is  noticed  in  Price's  History 
of  Leominster,  p.  30.  He  says,  "  On  the  left  hand  of  the 
north  door  of  Kingsland  Church  is  a  little  apartment, 
vulgarly  said  to  be  built  by  one  Vaulker,  who  built  the 
church,  as  a  tomb  for  himself,  and  so  goes  by  that  name  ; 
but  more  probably  was  designed  as  a  place  for  penitents, 
where  they  might  look  into  the  church  and  hear  prayers, 
but  were  not  to  be  admitted  into  communion,  till  after 
they  had  shown  signs  and  proofs  of  their  amendment  and 
repentance."  This  place  is  also  noticed  in  the  Harleian 
MS.  6720.  fol.  186.  b.  :  "  At  the  north  door  of  the  church 
is  a  small  chappie  opening  into  the  porch,  very  ancient, 
having  had  a  window  into  the  church,  in  which  is  an 
arch  in  the  church  wall,  where  stands  a  raised  tomb  with 
a  plain  stone  over  it,  neither  inscription  nor  figure,  which 
was  the  ancient  Saxon  way  of  burial.  At  the  upper  end 
the  remains  of  an  altar."  A  side-note  states  that  it  was 
"  viewed  June  4,  1656,"  and  that  "  this  tradition  delivers 
to  be  a  chantry  founded  for  one  Howgate,  who  had  his 
name  from  a  place  not  far  distant.  —  Mr.  Woodroffe."~\ 

Baxters  "  Horace."  —  What  is  the  meaning  of 
Baxter's  note  on  Horat.  Carmin.,  liber  iii.  ode  8. 
1.18. 

"  Occidit  Daci  Cotisonis  agmen.]  Cotison  nomen  Regis 
Dacorum.  Vet.  schol.  h.  e.  vernacula  nostra  GOD  His  SON." 


[This  is  simply  Baxter's  conjecture  as  to  the  etymology 
of  Cotison.  See  also  Littleton's  Dictionary  :  "  Cotiso  vel 
Cotison,  Hor.  qu.  Gates  son,  i.  e.  Dei  filius.  Dacorum  rex."] 


DAKEYNE    MOTTO. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  223.) 

I  beg  to  submit  to  your  correspondent  C.  DE  D. 
the  following  explanation  of  the  Dakeyne  motto. 
It  is  taken  from  Slogans  of  the  North  of  England, 
by  Michael  Aislabie  Denham,  JSTewcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  G.  B.  Richardson,  1851  : 

"  The    strangest  of  all  northern  mottoes,  *  J?tri5c, 

J3aftei?n0,  tlje  jBcutl'3  tit  tljc  Ificmpc/  which  is 

noticed   as   a  'curiosity  of  heraldry'  by   Mar]:  Antony 
Lower,  is,  I  believe,  first  found  in  a  grant  of  new  arms  by 
Flower  in  1563,  to  Arthur  Dakyns,  Esq.,  of  Linton  and 
Hackness  in  Holderness.         ...... 

Arthur  Dakyns  was  a  general  in  the  army,  but  as  two  or 
three  centuries  ago  generals  commanded  on  sea  as  well  as 
land,  I  imagine  that  he  had  distinguished  himself  in  some 
gallant  fight,  perhaps  against  the  Spaniards,  wherein  all 
the  turning  part  of  the  victory  consisted  in  cutting  some 
portion  of  a  ship's  hempen  sail  or  cordage. 
The  crest  always  consorted  with  the  motto.  Out  of  a 
naval  coronet  springs  an  arm  brandishing  a  hatchet,  dnd 
preparing  to  strike." 

ClD. 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  260. 


"  Strike,  Dakyn,  strike,  the  devil's  in  the 
hempe,"  is  the  motto  attached  to  our  crest,  and 
the  story  of  its  origin,  as  always  related  in  our 
family,  runs  as  follows.  An  ancient  Deacon,  a 
naval  man,  and,  I  believe,  either  a  lieutenant  or 
captain,  being  in  an  engagement,  his  ship  was 
grappled  by  the  enemy,  and  would  have  been 
captured  but  for  the  energy  and  determined 
courage  of  our  ancestor,  who,  hatchet  in  hand, 
was  doing  his  best  to  sever  the  bulky  hempen 
cable,  and  the  sailors  beginning  to  despair,  gave 
him  all  the  encouragement  their  manly  English 
hearts,  but  rough  and  ready  minds,  were  able ; 
and  in  the  excitement  of  the  moment,  "  Strike, 
Deacon  (or  Dakyn),  strike,  the  devil's  in  the 
hemp,"  was  lustily  echoed  from  man  to  man, 
until  encouraged  determination  gained  the  day, 
the  ship  was  released,  and  promotion  following, 
he  adopted  the  motto,  the  substance  of  which  had 
(so  far  as  the  encouragement  it  gave  went)  done 
so  much  towards  gaining  his  laurels.  This  is  the 
story  I  have  always  heard  given  as  an  explanation 
of  the  motto,  by  not  only  members  of  our  family, 
but  strangers  of  tlie  same  name  as  myself.  This 
I  hope  will  be  a  relief  to  the  (doubtless)  puzzled 
brain  of  your  correspondent,  whom  I  dare  say  was 
struck  with  its  very  ambiguous  appearance  at  first 
sight.  I  was  not  aware  of  the  fact  of  its  being 
the  motto  of  the  Dakyn  as  well  as  the  Deacon 
family,  but  the  latter  is  probably  the  time-altered 
of  the  two,  taking  the  ancient  appearance  of  the 
former  into  consideration.  OCTAVIUS  DEACON. 


HANNAH    LIGHTFOOT. 

(Vol.  vii.,  p.  595. ;  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  87. 281. ;  Vol.  x., 
p.  228.) 

Since  my  communication  under  this  head,  I 
have  had  an  opportunity  of  referring  to  that  ex- 
traordinary work,  A  Secret  History  of  the  Court  of 
England,  from  the  Accession  of  George  the  Third 
to  the  Death  of  George  the  Fourth,  Sec. ;  by  the 
Rt.  Honble.  Lady  Anne  Hamilton  (2  vols.  8vo.  : 
London,  1832),  which  was  not,  at  the  time  of 
writing,  within  my  reach.  I  find  that  the  state- 
ment asserted  to  have  been  made  by  Mr.  Beckford, 
is  in  the  main  corroborated.  As  the  book  is  scarce, 
having  been  suppressed,  perhaps  the  following 
passages  may  be  thought  to  merit  preservation. 

"...  His  Royal  Highness,  at  last,  confided  liis  views 
to  his  next  brother.  Edward,  Duke  of  York,  and  another 
person,  who  were  the  only  witnesses  to  the  tepid  marriage 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales  to  the  before-mentioned  lady, 
HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT,  which  took  place  at  Curzon-street 
Chapel,  May  Fair,  in  the  year  1759. 

"This  marriage  was  productive  of  issue,  the  particulars 
of  which,  however,  we  pass  over  for  the  present,  and  only 
look  to  the  results  of  the  union. 

"  Shortly  after  the  prince  came  to  the  throne  .  .  . 
Ministers  became  suspicious  of  his  marriage  with  the 


Quakeress.  At  length  they  were  informed  of  the  im- 
portant fact,  and  immediately  determined  to  annul  it. 
After  innumerable  schemes,  how  they  might  best  attain 
this  end,  and  thereby  frustrate  the  King's  wishes,  they 
devised  the  '  Eoyal  Marriage  Act,'  by  which  every  prince 
or  princess  of  the  blood  might  not  marry,  or  intermarry, 
with  any  person  of  less  degree.  This  act,  however,  was 
not  passed  till  thirteen  years  after  George  the  Third's  union 
with  Miss  Lightfoot,  and  therefore  it  could  not  render  such 
marriage  illegal. 

"  Thus  was  the  foundation  laid  for  this  ill-fated  prince's 
future  malady  ! 

"  At  this  period  of  increased  anxiety  to  his  Majesty, 
Miss  Lightfoot  was  disposed  of  during  a  temporary  absence 
of  his  brother  Edward,  and  from  that  time  no  satisfactory 
tidings  ever  reached  those  most  interested  in  her  welfare. 
The  only  information  that  could  be  obtained  was,  that  a 
young  gentleman  named  AXFORD  was  offered  a  large 
amount,  to  be  paid  on  the  consummation  of  his  marriage 
with  Miss  Lightfoot,  which  offer  he  willingly  accepted. 

"  The  King  was  greatly  distressed  to  ascertain  the  fate 
of  his  much  beloved  and  legally-married  wife,  the 
Quakeress,  and  entrusted  Lord  Chatham  to  go  in  disguise 
and  endeavour  to  trace  her  abode ;  but  the  search  proving 
fruitless,  the  King  was  again  almost  distracted."  —  Pp. 
26—30. 

Singularly  enough,  the  assertion  made  by  MR. 
BECKFORD  as  to  the  authorship  of  The  Letters  of 
Junius  (which  I  included  in  my  quotation  from  its 
interest  rather  than  its  relevancy)  is  also  to  be 
found,  with  corroborative  particulars,  in  the  work 
from  which  the  foregoing  extracts  have  been  made. 
I  transcribe  the  more  important  passages  : 

"  Numerous  disquisitions  have  been  written  to  prove 
the  identity  of  Junius ;  but  in  spite  of  many  arguments 
to  the  contrary,  we  recognise  him  in  the  person  of  the 
REV.  JAMES  WILMOT,  D.  D.,  Rector  of  Bartoii-on-the- 
Heath,  and  Aulcester,  Warwickshire,  and  one  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's Justices  of  the  Peace  for  that  county. 

"  Lord  Chatham  had  been  introduced  to  Dr.  Wilmot 
by  the  Duke  of  Cumberland;  and  it  was  from  these 
associations  with  the  court,  and  the  members  of  the  several 
administrations,  that  the  doctor  became  so  competent  to 
write  his  unparalleled  Letters  of  Junius. 

"  We  here  subjoin  an  incontrovertible  proof  of  Dr. 
Wilmot's  being  the  author  of  the  work  alluded  to  : 

"'  I  have  this  day  completed  my  last  letter  of  J s, 

and  sent  the  same  to  Lord  S in.  J.  W.  March  17th, 

1772.' 

"  This  is  a  fac-simile  of  the  Doctor's  handwriting,  and 
must  for  ever  set  at  rest  the  long  disputed  question  of 
'Who  was  the  author  of  Junius?  '" — P.  50. 

I  may  conclude  with  the  Query,  Who  was  the 
real  author  of  the  Secret  History  f 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

P.  S.  —  I  think  it  proper  to  add  that,  since 
writing  the  above,  I  have  been  informed  by  the 
able  and  ingenious  author  of  The  Identity  of 
Junius  with  a  distinguished  living  Character  esta- 
blished, that  he  has  examined  the  document  re- 
ferred to,  and  considers  it,  for  various  reasons,  of 
little  or  no  importance  in  the  controversy. 

May  I  here  repeat  the  hope,  which  I  have  ex- 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


329 


pressed  to  this  gentleman  in  private,  that  he  will 
shortly  favour  the  public  with  the  additional  facts 
(tending  still  farther  to  fix  the  authorship  of  The 
Letters  of  Junius  upon  Sir  Philip  Francis)  which 
he  has  collected  since  the  publication  of  the  second 
edition  of  his  almost  convincing  essay  in  1818  ? 


POETICAL    TAVERN    SIGNS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  58.  330.) 

At  the  sign  of  The  Swan,  at  a  country  inn  near 
Bandon,  in  the  county  of  Cork,  the  following  hu- 
morous sign  may  be  read  : 

"  This  is  the  Swan 

That  left  her  pond 
To  (ii[>  her  bill  iu  porter; 
Why  not  we, 
As  well  as  she, 
Become  regular  topers." 

ETTELMIG. 


The  following  I  saw,  a  very  few  years  ago, 
written  on  a  sheet  of  paper  fastened  to  the  window 
of  a  public-house  near  The  Angel,  Islington,  and 
copied  accurately  : 

"  Siste  Viator ! 


Xovitas  inaudita. 
Scientiseque  potusque  coinbinatio ! 

A  Glass  of  Ale 

and  a 
Galvanic 

Shock 
for  Twopence. 

Intra!  Bibe!  Suscipe!  Solve!!!" 


II.  P. 


Over  the  door  of  a  public-house  in  Castlegate, 
Grantham,  is  a  large  beehive,  and  on   the  sign- 
board the  following  lines  : 
"  Stop !  traveller,  stop,  the  wondrous  sign  explore, 
And  say  when  thou  hast  viewed  it  o'er  and  o'er, 
Grantham,  now  two  rarities  are  thine, — 
A  lofty  steeple  *,  aud  a  living  sign." 

WILLIAM  FROST. 


In  the  course  of  my  peregrinations,  the  follow- 
ing distich  met  my  eye,  and  struck  me  as  being  of 
a  kind  appropriate  to  your  columns ;  I  therefore 
transfer  them  to  your  keeping.  There  is  a  way- 
side inn,  yclept  The  Talbot,  at  the  foot  of  Birdlip 
Hill,  Gloucestershire,  over  whose  door  is  an  angu- 
lar projecting  sign,  so  disposed  that  the  traveller 
about  to  ascend  the  hill  reads  the  invitation  of  the 
signboard  thus : 

"  Before  you  do  this  hill  go  up, 
Stop  and  drink  a  cheerful  cup." 


The  Church  spire  is  272  ft.  high. 


Whilst  he  who  comes  in  the  opposite   direction 
perceives  this  half  of  the  sign,  — 

"  You  are  down  this  hill,  all  dangers  past ; 
Stop  aud  take  a  cheerful  glass." 

F.  S. 


CHUBCH    SEKVICE  :    PRELIMINARY    TEXTS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  5 15.) 

The  following  brief  examination  of  such  editions 
of  the  Book  of  Cotumon  Prayer  as  my  library 
affords  for  reference,  will  suffice  to  answer  your 
correspondent's  second  Query  : 

1549.  (Reprint,  Parker  Soc.).  No  preliminary  texts : 
the  Morning  and  Evening  Services  begin  with  the  Lord's 
Prayer. 

1552.  (Ibid.)  The  text  in  question  stands  thus : 
"  Correct  us,  O  Lord,  and  yet  in  thy  judgment,  not  in  thy 
fury,  lest  we  should  be  consumed  and  brought  to  nothing." 
Iu  margin,  "  Jerem.  ii." 

1G20.  (4to.  Loud,  penes  me.}  "  Correct  vs  (0  Lord), 
and  yet  in  thy  judgement,  not  in  thy  fury,  lest  wee 
should  be  consumed  and  brought  to  nothing." — "ler.  10." 

1638.  (fol.  Cam.  prnes  me.}  Text  as  in  1552;  re- 
ference in  margin,  "  Jer.  x.  24." 

MS.  Book,  Dublin  (Eccl.  Hist.  Soc.).  "Jer.  x.  24." 

Sealed  Book.  (F,.  H.  S.)  Text  as  it  now  stands. 
Margin,  "  Jer.  x.  24."  in  black  ink  :  "  Ps.  vi.  1."  in  blue  ink. 
["  The  words,  or  parts  of  words,  &c.,  printed  in  blue, 
have  been  added,  or  substituted,  by  the  Commissioners."] 
The  collation  of  the  other  copies  gives  the  blue  ink  re- 
ference thus :  "  Ps.  vi.  1.,  Ch.  Ch.  Bk.,  Ely  Bk. ;  Ps.  vi.  1., 
Exch.  Bk." 

From  this  collation  it  appears  tolerably  certain 
that  the  reference  to  the  parallel  text  was  first  in- 
troduced in  the  Sealed  Books.  These  texts  have 
been  altered  considerably  since  they  were  first 
prefixed  to  the  Prayer  Book;  when,  for  example, 
the  last  text  stood  thus  : 

"  If  we  say  that  we  have  no  sin,  we  deceive  ourselves, 
and  there  is  no  truth  in  us."  —  1  John  i.,  1552. 

The  rest  of  this  text  was  added  in  the  revision 
which  preceded  the  Sealed  Books  ;  until  which 
time  the  Evening  Service  commenced  with  the 
Lord's  Prayer.  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 


THE    DYING    WORDS    OF    VENERABLE    BEDE. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  139.  229.) 

At  the  risk  of  being  consigned  to  the  category 
of  "  blockheads "  whose  translations  have  been 
"given  to  the  winds"  by  your  trinm  literarum 
correspondent,  who  writes  from  Mitchnm  in 
Surrey  (ante,  p.  299.),  I  venture  to  doubt  whether 
the  Venerable  Bede  meant  to  tell  his  attendant 
either  to  "  make  ready,"  or  to  "  mend  "  his  pen,  or 
to  "  dilute  his  ink,"  or  to  "  moderate  his  feelings." 
Why  should  the  dying  abbot  take  it  for  granted 
that  Cuthbert  would  take  up  a  Lad  pen,  or  use 
ink  too  thick  for  writing  ? 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


The  word  "  temperare "  acquired  a  meaning 
which  was  certainly  not  commonly  attached  to  it 
in  a  more  classical  age,  but  which  gave  birth  to 
the  French  word  "  tremper,"  to  dip :  a  sword- 
blade  was  tempered  (trempe)  by  being  dipped;  and 
this  use  still  survives,  though  steel  is  not  now,  I 
believe,  always  tempered  by  dipping.  If,  there- 
fore, our  task  of  translating  Cuthbert's  words  had 
been  imposed  upon  me,  and  I  had  not  heard  of 
the  learned  conjectures  and  doubts  of  my  pre- 
decessors, I  should  have  caused  Bede  to  say  to 
Cuthbert,  "  Take  your  pen,  dip  it  in  the  ink,  and 
write  quickly,"  &c.  It  may,  indeed,  be  objected 
that  it  was  superfluous  for  Bede  to  tell  his  friend 
to  dip  his  pen  in  the  ink,  because  he  could  not 
write  at  all  without  doing  so.  To  this  it  may  be 
replied  that  the  dying  man  does  not  appear  to 
have  felt  any  desire  to  economise  words,  other- 
wise he  might  have  spared  his  two  first  injunctions 
altogether,  and  have  said  only  "  write  quickly ;  " 
but  the  language  of  the  unjust  steward  must  have 
been  familiar  to  the  ear  of  one  so  versed  in  his 
Vulgate  as  Bede,  and  may  have  unconsciously 
moulded  the  form  of  his  instructions  to  Cuthbert, 
—  "Accipe  cautionem  tuam,  et  sede  cito,  scribe 
quinquaginta,"  —  Luke  xvi.  6. 

On  this  passage  from  the  Vulgate  Testament,  let 
me  suggest,  by  the  way,  a  critical  emendation. 
The  authorised  English  version  seems  to  have 
followed  the  Vulgate,  and  erroneously  (in  my 
opinion)  attached  the  adverb  "  quickly "  to  the 
act  of  sitting  and  not  of  writing.  I  apprehend  that 
this  is  not  a  legitimate  version  of  the  Greek  text, 
though  I  do  not  deny  that  "  rax«os  "  may  belong 
to  the  word  on  either  side  of  it,  and  that  the  con- 
struction is  equivocal.  I  confess  that  I  should 
have  read  it  "  Take  thy  bill,  sit  down,  and  write 
quickly  fifty."  EDWARD  SMIRKE. 

"  Accipe  tuum  calamum,  tempera,  et  scribe  velociter." 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  defects  of  former 
translators,  the  contribution  of  RUPICASTRENSIS 
appears  only  to  render  obscurity  more  obscure. 
He  proposes  to  translate  the  above  line  as 
follows : 

"  Take  your  pen,  dilute  (the  ink),  and  write  quill,"  or 
"Take  your  pen,  moisten,  (the  parchment),  and  write 
quill." 

To  his  specimens  of  various  translations  may  be 
added  that  of  Bishop  Challoner,  in  his  Britannia 
Sancta : 

"  Take  your  pen  and  write  speedily." 

No  one  before  RUPICASTRENSIS  ever  translated 
"  velociter  "  by  "  quill."  But  for  its  occurring 
twice  in  his  communication,  one  must  have  set 
this  down  as  an  error  of  the  press.  The  following 
appears  to  me  to  be  the  true  version  : 

"  Take  thy  pen,  dip  it  (in  the  ink),  and  write  quickly." 


There  is  a  verse  of  a  psalm  in  the  Vulgate,  which 
it  is  probable  that  Venerable  Bede  had  in  his  mind 
at  the  time.  It  runs  thus  : 

"Lingua  mea  calamus  scribae  velociter  scribentis."  — 
Ps.  xliv.  2. 

F.  C.  H. 


"  Accipe  tuum  calamum,  tempera,  et  scribe  velociter." 

Your  correspondent  RUPICASTKEXSIS  has  ad- 
duced six  different  translations  of  the  above  pas- 
sage :  their  variance  being  ascribed  to  uncertainty 
as  to  the  force  of  the  word  "  tempera"  which  four 
of  them  ignore  altogether,  a  fifth  renders  to  "  make 
ready,"  and  the  sixth  to  "mend  your  pen."  RUPI- 
CASTKENSIS  conjectures  that  it  may  mean  to 
"  dilute  your  ink ;  "  but  G.  M.  B.  in  a  subsequent 
Number  (p.  229.)  contends,  somewhat  brusquely, 
that  "  tempera "  governs  "  calamum,"  and  means 
"  mend  your  reed"  or  "  temper  it." 

Had  steel  pens  been  in  vogue  in  the  eighth 
century,  the  term  to  "  temper "  might  have  cor- 
rectly applied  to  them  ;  but  I  doubt  whether  G. 
M.  B.  can  turn  to  any  example  in  pure  or  mediaeval 
Latinity  where  "  temperare  "  is  applied  to  the 
cutting  or  mending  of  a  pen  or  reed,  which  latter, 
by  the  way,  very  rarely  requires  mending ;  its 
broad  point,  unlike  that  of  the  quill,  being  gene- 
rally ready  for  immediate  use. 

Now  it  is  well  known  that  the  use  of  the  reed 
(calamus  or  arundei),  which  in  Europe  was  not 
superseded  by  the  quill  till  the  sixth  century,  was 
still  kept  up  in  the  age  of  Bede,  and  for  a  con- 
siderable time  after.  The  ink  suitable  to  it  differs 
materially  from  the  liquid  preparation  which  is 
adapted  to  the  concave  barrel,  the  sharper  point 
and  finer  lines  produced  by  the  quill.  In  fact,  the 
preparation  of  lamp-black,  vine-charcoal,  or  other 
substances  mixed  with  gum  mucilage,  which  Pliny 
describes  as  having  been  used  in  the  earliest  ages 
for  writing  with  the  reed,  is  the  same  which  is 
s:ill  applied  to  the  same  purpose  in  Persia  and 
Arabia  and  all  parts  of  the  East.  The  so-called 
"  Indian  ink  "  of  China  is  a  type  of  it,  which  is 
sufficiently  familiar  to  us  in  England.  At  Con- 
stantinople, Smyrna,  and  the  other  towns  of  the 
Levant,  this  dry  ink  is  to  be  bought  in  lumps 
or  in  grains  in  the  bazaars,  and  the  purchaser 
makes  a  paste  of  it  by  the  addition  of  a  little 
water,  and  then  stores  it  away  for  future  use  in 
the  receptacle  at  the  extremity  of  the  brass  ink- 
horn,  in  the  tube  of  which  he  carries  his  reed  pens. 
When  he  addresses  himself  to  write,  the  first  ope- 
ration, after  drawing  out  his  reed,  is  to  take  a  small 
portion  of  this  paste  or  cake  of  ink  from  his  box, 
and  to  moisten  it  with  water  (temperare),  pre- 
paratory to  applying  it,  thus  liquefied  to  his  pen. 

So  long  as  the  reed  maintained  its  ground  in 
Europe,  and  this  was  partially  to  the  end  of  the 
eighth  or  ninth  century,  this  peculiar  ink  con- 
tinued to  be  used  along  with  it. 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


33L 


Hence  when  the  Venerable  Bede,  within  a  few- 
hours  of  his  death,  was  reminded  by  Cuthbert  the 
monk,  to  whom  he  had  been  dictating  the  trans- 
lation, I  think  of  St.  John's  Gospel,  into  Anglo- 
Saxon,  that  "  there  remained  but  one  chapter  "  to 
complete  the  task,  —  although  the  asthma  of  which 
he  was  expiring  rendered  it  difficult  for  him  to 
speak,  Bede  rejoined  in  the  memorable  words 
under  discussion,  "  Accipe  calamum,  tempera  (s.  a. 
atramentum),  et  scribe  velociter," — "Take  your 
pen,  moisten  (your  ink)  and  write  quickly." 

The  action  thus  directed  is  so  natural,  that  a 
knowledge  of  the  accessories  renders  the  import  of 
"  tempera"  obvious  as  applied  to  the  dry  ink — 
even  were  it  not  corroborated  by  the  parallel 
passage  in  which  Cicero,  describing  precisely  the 
same  operation,  says,  "  Calamo,  et  atramento  tem- 
perate charta  etiam  dentata  res  agetur."  G.  M.  B. 
is  of  opinion  that  the  sense  of  this  passage  has 
been  abused  by  erroneous  punctuation,  and  that 
the  comma  should  be  erased  before  "  atramento." 
But  this  would  imply  that  the  ink  was  to  be 
"  mended  "  as  well  as  the  pen.  Besides,  were  the 
passage  to  be  so  altered,  the  adjective  would  be  no 
longer  temperate  but  temperaft's,  and  the  simple 
conjunction  et  would  have  served  instead  of  etiam. 
J.  EMERSON  TENNENT. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photographic  Excursions.  —  I  have  just  read  in  "  N. 
&  Q ,"  Vol.  x.,  p.  293.,  a  paragraph  signed  Novus,  in 
which  he  remarks  (referring  to  my  letter  in  the  Photo- 
graphic Journal)  that  it  does  not  appear  to  him  to  be 
worth  the  trouble  of  making  all  the  preparations  neces- 
sary for  a  photographic  trip,  to  secure  only  two  pictures. 
From  this  remark,  one  would  think  that  I  had  taken  only 
two  pictures  during  my  whole  trip,  instead  of  two  every 
day  for  a  fortnight.  If  Xovus  wishes  to  get  more  than 
two, -he  may  still  do  so;  but,  as  I  said,  he  will  make  a 
trouble  of  a  pleasure,  and  have  to  sit  up  half  the  night  to 
finish  them.  And  let  me  tell  Novus,  that  when  he  can 
obtain  with  certainty,  as  I  can,  two  such  views  every  day 
that  he  is  out,  he  may  think  himself  most  particularly 
lucky.  I  met,  a  short  time  since,  an  experienced  photo- 
grapher, who,  however,  was  not  content  with  doing  little 
and  good,  and  who  moreover  used  that  abomination,  a 
Buckler's  brush,  and  he  appeared  content  to  go  out  with 
eight  pieces  of  prepared  paper,  and  on  his  return  home 
make  a  couple  of  good  negatives  out  of  the  lot.  So  much 
for  attempting  too  much.  X. 

Tunbridge  Wells. 

Photography  in  Germany.  —  What  is  doing  in  Germany 
in  this  beautiful  art  ?  I  ask  the  question  because,  while 
we  see  abundance  of  French  books  upon  the  subject,  and 
numerous  quotations  from  the  French  journal  La  Lumiere, 
I  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  in  "  X.  &  Q.,"  or  any  of 
our  photographic  journals,  the  slightest  allusions  to  the 
labours  of  our  German  friends  in  this  beautiful  and 
popular  art.  QU^STOR. 

[Judging  from  the  only  German  paper  which  we  know 
of  that  is  devoted  to  the  subject,  namely,  the  Photogra- 
vhisches  Journal  (published  bv  Spamer  of  Leipsic,  and 


edited  by  Horn),  we  should  not  think  photography  waa 
progressing  in  Germany.  In  the  first  place,  the  Daguerre- 
otype process  seems  to  be  the  favourite  ;  and  in  the 
next,  all  the  best  articles  are  translations  from  writings 
of  French  or  English  photographers.  —  ED.  "N.  &  Q."3 

Albumenized  Process. — Will  you  permit  a  beginner  in 
photography,  who  confesses  himself  a  great  admirer  of 
the  minuteness  of  detail  attainable  by  the  process  on 
albumenized  glass,  to  beg  that  some  photographic  corre- 
spondent of  "N.  &  Q.,"  who  may  have  practised  this 
branch  of  the  art,  will  point  out  what  is  the  simplest 
formula  to  be  followed  ?  The  albumenized  process  does 
not  seem  to  have  received  in  this  country  the  attention  it 
deserves,  possessing  as  it  does  the  same  advantage  over 
collodion  which  is  claimed  for  the  waxed-paper  process 
over  the  Talbotype,  namely,  that  the  plates  may  be  pre- 
pared beforehand,  and  afterwards  developed  at  leisure. 

A  BEGINNER. 


to  ^Hmor 

A  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Living  Authors 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  313.).  —  If  MR.  BATES  will  be  pleased 
to  give  his  authority  for  ascribing  the  Biographical 
Dictionary  of  the  Living  Authors  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland  to  that  "  careful  and  industrious  an- 
tiquary the  late  William  Upcott,"  I  will  give  mine 
for  ascribing  it  to  John  Watkins  and  Frederic 
Shoberl.  BOLTON  COKNEY. 

Louis  de  Beaufort  (Vol.  x.,  p.  101.). — Please  to 
state,  for  the  information  of  your  correspondent 
L.,  that  a  copy  of  the  second  edition  of  the  Dis- 
sertation  sur  F 'Incertitude  dcs  cinq  premiers  Sivcles  de 
VTIistoire  Romaine,  La  Have,  1750,  is  in  the  library 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  'AAieus. 

Dublin. 

Bibliographical  Queries  (Vol.  x.,  p.  164.).  —  I 
beg  leave  to  inform  ENIVRI,  that  the  Speculum 
Carmelitanum,  by  Daniel  a.  Virgine  Maria,  An- 
tverpia,  1680,  two  volumes  folio,  is  in  the  library 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  'AAieus. 

Dublin. 

Sir  Richard  Ratcliffe,  K.  G.  (Vol.x.,  pp.164. 
216.)- —  A.  CONSTANT  READER  begs  to  thank 
T.  P.  L.  for  his  communicat  ion,  but  which  he  feels 
leaves  his  Query  wholly  unresolved,  unless  he 
assumes  that  T.  P.  L.  considers  Sir  Richard  to 
have  derived  from  the  branch  seated  at  Ordshall. 
A  CONSTANT  READER  sought  information,  feeling 
surprise  that  the  parentage  and  descent  of  a  per- 
sonage so  eminent  in  his  day  was  not  inserted  in 
the  full  pedigrees  of  the  RadcliiFes,  given  by  Dr. 
Whitaker  in  his  Wkalley,  or  his  name  referred  to 
in  the  text.  The  arms  given  by  T.  P.  L.  are 
those  borne  from  the  earliest  times  by  the  parent 
house,  and  with  slight  variation  by  all  the  col- 
lateral branches ;  and  the  Sir  John  RatcliiFe, 
temp.  Hen.  VI.,  alluded  to,  was  a  K.  G.,  and  father 
of  another  Sir  John  (Lord  Fitz  Walter,  jure 
uxoris),  slain  at  Ferrybridge. 


332 


NOTES  AXD  QUERIES. 


13 'ell  on  leaving  Church  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.225.  311, 
312.  567.).  —  It  is  all  very  well  for  persons  who 
exult  in  the  fancied  "  Golden  days  of  good  Queen 
Bess,"  when 

"  They  thought  it  Sabbath-breaking  if  they  dined  with- 
out a  pudding,  Sir," 

to  attempt  to  make  out  that  the  bell  rung  or 
tolled  after  the  morning  service,  or  at  one  o'clock, 
is  a  mere  notice  to  the  public  baker,  and  every 
private  cook  in  the  parish.  Pray  allow  me  to 
enter  my  protest  against  such  a  notion.  Such  a 
bell  may  have  been  adopted  as  a  signal ;  indeed, 
there  is  no  saying  what  advantage  may  have  been 
made,  in  the  way  of  signals,  of  any  bells  which 
are  regularly  rung  for  church  purposes ;  and  no 
doubt  the  bell  now  spoken  of  would  be  very  con- 
venient for  such  a  purpose,  though  intended  as  a 
notice  that  there  will  be  a  service  in  the  afternoon, 
just  as  the  bell  is  rung  at  eight  or  nine  in  the 
morning  as  notice  of  the  morning  service. 

But  I  think  it  will  be  found  to  have  had  its 
origin  in  early  times,  and  for  holy  purposes,  well 
understood  by  the  faithful  of  those  days;  for  very 
early  in  the  thirteenth  century  a  bell  called  "  Ave 
Maria"  was  to  be  sounded  (pulsanda)  mane,  me- 
ridie,  et  vesper e.  These  from  ancient  custom 
might  have  been  continued  after  the  Reformation 
(and  are  still  continued),  though  the  purpose  may 
be  changed. 

>  At  Weston,  in  Gordano,-  there  is  a  little  bell 
inscribed  — 

"  Signis  cessandis,  et  servis  clamo  cibandis." 

by  which  it  seems  to  have  been  set  up  as  a  signal 
for  stopping  the  tower  bells  (signa),  and  calling 
the  servants  (query  ringers)  to  meals, —  to  pudding 
if  you  please.  II.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Clyst  St.  George. 

Dlrinterment  (Vol.  x.,  p.  223.).  —  A  clergyman 
has  no  power  to  authorise  the  removal  of  a  corpse 
which  has  been  interred  in  the  church  or  church- 
yard. The  only  legal  mode  is  to  obtain  a  faculty 
from  the  ordinary,  and  this  is  recorded  in  the 
court  whence  it  is  issued.  To  remove  a  body 
without  a  faculty  is  a  serious  offence,  and  punish- 
able by  indictment.  I  am  conversant  with  two 
recent  cases  of  a  faculty  having  been  granted 
for  the  above  purpose.  CIVILIS. 

A.  M.  and  M.  A.  (Vol.  ix..  pp.  475.  599. ; 
Vol.  x.,  p.  74.).  —  How  much  trouble  would  be 
saved  in  discussions  like  the  present,  if  corre- 
spondents would  simply  avoid  making  dogmatical 
statements  which  thpy  hnve  not  ascertained  to  be 
true.  Had  A.  B.  M.,  Oxon,  merely  referred  to 
the  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Calendars,  which  he 
cites  as  his  authority,  he  would  h::ve  found  that 
they  disprove,  instead  of  substantiating,  his  rash 
statement.  One  rule  is  observed  by  the  editors 
of  both  calendars,  viz.  to  use  A.  M.  when  the  con- 


text is  in  Latin,  and  M.  A.  when  the  context  is  in 
English.  For  example,  in  the  Cambridge  Ca- 
lendar, in  the  table  called  "  Distributiones  Feo- 
dorum  "  we  find  A.M. ;  and  in  the  lists  of  members 
of  colleges  M.  A.  is  employed.  I  would  not  have 
troubled  you  at  this  length,  but  that  the  present 
case  forms  a  fair  example  of  the  slovenly  manner 
in  which  many  points  of  easy  settlement  arc 
treated  by  your  correspondents. 

CLEMENS  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY,  A.  M. 
Birmingham. 

Heraldic  (Vol.  x.,  p.  1G4).  — The  following 
instalment  of  Replies  to  this  Query  will,  I  trust, 
prove  acceptable  to  II.  T.  G.  It  will  be  observed 
that  I  give  only  the  coat  armour  ;  should  the 
crests  also  be  needed,  they  can  he  supplied. 

Challenor,  of  Chkiuigtcn  and  Kenwardes. 
Azure,  a  chevron  argent,  between  three  mascles 
or. 

Aylwin,  of  West  Dean,  Preston,  and  Treyfonl. 
Argent,  a  fesse  nebulee  gules,  between  three  lions 
rampant  sable. 

Plomer,  of  Pettingho  and  Mayfield.  Per  che- 
vron flory,  counterflgry  argent  and  gules,  three 
martlets  counterchanged. 

Brockhull,  of  Aldington,  co.  Kent.  Gules,  a, 
cross  engrailed  argent,  between  twelve  cross 
crosslets  or. 

Burton  (Query  Burston,  co.  Kent).  Quarterly 
gules  and  azure,  on  a  bend  of  the  first,  three  boars' 
heads  erased  of  the  second. 

The  above  are  all  I  can  give  with  any  certainty ; 
but  I  dare  say  the  following  particulars  concerning 
the  remainder  will  not  be  entirely  without  value. 

Nicholls,  of  Baynham,  Suffolk,  bore  for  arms  — 
Gules,  a  chevron  argent  between  three  trefoils 
stalked  or.  Another  family  of  Nicholls  were 
granted  by  Cooke  the  coat  named  by  II.  T.  G., 
with  the  addition  of  a  "  canton  of  the  last." 

Brooke,  of  Nacton,  Suffolk,  bore  —  Or,  a  cross 
raguly  per  pale  gules  and  sable. 

Arnold,  of  Ballesford,  Suffolk.  Sable,  a  chevron 
between  three  dolphins  embowed  argent. 

Milles,  of  Suffolk.  Argent,  a  chevron  between 
three  millrinds  sable. 

Bragg,  of  Essex  and  Middlesex.  Or,  a  chevron 
between  three  bulls  sable. 

As  to  the  arms  of  my  fellow  Cestrian,  Aldermnn 
Harper  of  Stock-port,'  I  am  entirely  without  in- 
formation. T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

Dr.  William  Nicolson,  Bishop  of  Carlisle  (Vol.  x., 
p.  245.).  —  Is  JOHN  o'  THE  FORD  aware  that  Dr. 
Nicolson  was  translated  from  Carlisle  to  Derry  : 
and  again,  in  1726.  to  the  Archbishopric  of  Cashel  ? 
There  is  a  very  brief  notice  of  this  distinguished 
prelate  in  the  Ordnance  Surrey  of  the  County  of 
Londonderry,  p.  64.  (4to.,  Dublin,  1837.)  ABHBA. 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


"He  who  Rights  and  runs  away"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  101.). 
—  In  Newman's  Church  of  the  Fathers  (p.  215.), 
there  is  given  an  extract  from  Tertullian's  argu- 
ment that  Christians  should  not  flee  from  perse- 
cution ;  in  which  he  says,  — 

"The  Greek  proverb  is  sometimes  urged,  '  He  who  flees 
will  fight  another  day ; '  yes,  and  he  may  flee  another  day 
also." 

No  reference  to  the  place  in  Tertullian's  works  is 
given  by  Mr.  Newman.  H.  P. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

I  do  not  undertake  to  identify  "these  lines,  but 
merely    suggest    their   possible    prototype.     The 
passage  I  mean  is  Nepos,  Thrasybulus,  c.  2. : 
"  Xec  sine  causa  dici,  matrem  timidi  flere  non  solere." 
While  on  the  subject  of  "  parallel  places,"  I  may 
observe  that  Ovid,  Amor.  II.,  Eleg.  xvi.  1. 44. : 

"  Per  me,  perque  oculos,  sldera  nnstra,  tuos," 
brought  to  my  mind  the  other  day  Shakspeare's 
"lodestars  ;"  and  still  more  forcibly  did  the  con- 
cluding verses  — 

"At  vos,  qua  veniet,  tumidi  subsidite  montes: 
Et  faciles  curvis  vallibus  este  vise." 

remind  me  of  the  noble  passage  in  Isaiah  xl.  3,  4. 
Shall  we  infer  that  the  older  writers  were  known 
to  the  later  ;  or  simply  say,  that  "  there  is  nothing 
new  under  the  sun  ?  "  WM.  HAZEL. 

Some  years  since  Mr.  Thorpe,'  the  bookseller, 
purchased  several  manuscripts  of  the  De  Clifford 
family,  and  published  at  least  one  octavo  volume, 
containing  a  descriptive  catalogue.  The  South- 
wells were  much  connected  with  Ireland,  and  I 
obtained  one  of  the  catalogues ;  from  it  I  transcribe 
the  following. 

Sir  John  Mennis,  in  his  Musarum  Delicice,  pub- 
lished in  1656,  writes  against  Sir  John  Suckling,  — 

"  He  that  fights  and  runs  away, 
May  live  to  tight  another  day." 

These  were  the  only  lines  given  ;  I  have  heard 
two  more  : 


"  But  he  who  is  in  battle  slain, 
Can  never  live  to  light  again." 


Cork. 


J.  E.  H. 


Was  the  Host  ever  buried  in  a  Pyx  ?  (Vol.  x  , 
p.  184.).  —  Mention  is  made  of  this  having  been 
done  in  the  early  times,  in  the  Life  of  St.  Basil, 
falsely  attributed  to  St.  Amphilochius,  in  the 
Dialogues  of  St.  Gregory  the  Great,  and  in  the 
fourth  book  of  Offices,  by  Amalarius,  Deacon  of 
the  Church  of  Metz.  But  it  has  long  been  dis- 
continued and  disapproved,  as  irreverent  and  su- 
perstitious. The  discovery  mentioned  by  SIMON- 
WARD  of  a  small  cup  and  cover,  near  the  head  of 
a  skeleton,  is,  I  think,  no  evidence  of  the  practice 
in  question.  A  chalice  is  usually  buried  with  a 


priest,  and  probably  in  this  case  a  chalice  was  not 
at  hand,  and  a  ciborium  or  pyx  was  substituted. 

F.  C.  H. 

I  can  answer  MR.  S.  WARD'S  Query  by  a  refer- 
ence to  the  following  canon  of  the  council  held  at 
Ceale-hythe,  July  27,  A.D.  816  : 

"  As  the  building  of  parochial  churches  was  now  be- 
come frequent,  the  second  canon  prescribes  the  manner  of 
their  consecration ;  which  is  to  be  performed  only  by  the 
bishop  of  the  diocese,  who  is  to  bless  the  holy  water,  and 
sprinkle  it  on  all  things  with  his  own  hands,  according  to 
the  directions  in  the  book  of  rites.  He  is  then  to  conse- 
crate the  Eucharist,  and  to  deposit  it,  together  with  the 
relics,  in  the  repository  provided  for  them.  If  no  relics 
can  be  procured,  the  consecrated  elements  may  be  suffi- 
cient, because  they  are  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ."  — 
Henry's  History  of  Great  Britain,  book  n.  ch.  ii.  sec.  4. 

It  seems  to  me  more  likely,  however,  that  the 
sacred  vessel  he  describes  was  the  chalice,  which 
it  was  once  customary  to  bury  between  the  hands 
of  a  priest,  as  a  sign  of  his  office.  Brasses  on  the 
grave  of  a  parish  priest  often  represent  him  in  his 
sacerdotal  garments,  with  the  chalice  in  his  hands 
over  his  breast.  WILLIAM  FKASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

George  Herbert's  Poem  "  Hope"  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  541.).  —  The  reply  to  this,  inserted  in  Vol.  x., 
p.  18.,  did  not  at  all  satisfy  me.  I  now  heg  to 
offer  the  accompanying,  given  me  by  a  friend,  as 
seeming  more  suggestive  of  the  author's  probable 
meaning : 

"  I  gave  to  Hope  a  watch  of  mine ;  but  he 

An  anchor  gave  to  me. 
Then  an  old  prayer-book  I  did  present, 

And  he  an  optic  sent. 
With  that  I  gave  a  phial  full  of  tears, 

But  he  a  few  green  ears. 
Ah  loiterer !  I'll  no  more,  no  more  I'll  bring ; 

I  did  expect  a  ring." 

"  I  gave  to  Hope  a,  watch  of  mine"  (i.  e.  a  time- 
piece representing  fleeting  Time).  I  receive  in 
exchange  a  sure  and  stedfast  hope  (the  anchor). 
Then,  taking  to  prayer,  I  receive  from  him  an 
optic  —  the  eye  of  faith.  I  fall  to  repentance  (the 
phial  full  of  tears).  He  gives  a  few  green  ear?  — 
the  promise  of  better  things.  I  turn  away  im- 
patiently— rebelliously  :  I  did  expect  a  ring  (com- 
pletion of  my  desires,  not  expectation  merely). 
The  whole  seems  the  picture  ot  man,  impatient  in 
working  out  his  salvation,  dreaming  his  faith  and 
repentance  should  at  once  obtain  their  full  re- 
ward. G.  D. 

Books  burnt  (Vol.  x.,  p.  215.).  — 

"  He  (Abelard)  had  made  himself  two  considerable 
enemies  at  Laon,  Alberick  of  Rheivns  and  Lotulf  of  Lom- 
bardy ;  who,  as  soon  as  they  perceived  how  prejudicial 
his  reputation  was  to  their  schools,  sought  all  occasions 
to  ruin  him  ;  and  thought  they  had  a  lucky  handle  to  do 
so,  from  a  book  of  his  entitled  the  Mystery  of  the  Trinity. 
This  they  pretended  was  heretical,  and  through  the  arch- 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  260. 


bishop's  means  they  procured  a  Council  at  Soissons,  in  the 
year  1121 ;  and  without  suffering  Abelard  to  make  any 
defence,  ordered  his  book  to  be  burnt  by  his  own  hands, 
andhimself  to  bo  confined  in  the  convent  of  St.  Medard. 
This  sentence  gave  him  such  grief,  that  he  says  himself 
the  unhappy  fate  of  his  writings  touched  him  more  sen- 
sibly than  the  misfortune  he  had  suffered  through  Ful- 
berf's  means,"  &c. — Abelard  and  Heloise :  Glasgow,  R.  & 
A.  Foulis,  1751,  p.  19. 

"  A  message  was  sent  by  the  Lords  to  the  Commons  on 
the  6th  (Nov.  1745),  desiring  a  conference  with  them 
next  day,  at  three  o'clock,  in  the  Painted  Chamber,  touch- 
ing certain  treasonable  declarations  and  printed  papers 
published  and  dispersed  about  the  kingdom  by  the  Pre- 
tender and  his  eldest  son ;  and  accordingly,  the  next  day, 
the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal,  and  Commons  in  par- 
liament assembled,  came  to  the  following  resolution,  viz. 

"'1.  That  the  two  printed  papers  respectively  signed 
James  R.,  and  dated  at  Rome,  Dec.  23,  1743,  and  the  four 
printed  papers  signed  Charles  P.  R.,  dated  respectively 
May  16,  Aug.  22,  and  Oct.  9th  and  10th,  1745,  are  false, 
scandalous,  and  traitorous  libels,  intended  to  poison  the 
minds  of  his  Majesty's  subjects,'  &c.  &c. 

" '  2.  That  in  abhorrence  and  detestation  of  such  vile 
and  treasonable  practices,  the  said  several  printed  papers 
be  burnt  by  the  hands  of  the  common  hangman  at  the 
Royal  Exchange,  in  London,  on  Tuesday  the  12th  day  of 
this  instant  November,  at  one  of  the  clock  in  the  after- 
noon; and  that  the  Sheriffs  of  London  do  then  attend, 
and  cause  the  same  to  be  burnt  there  accordingly.' 

"  The  papers  were  burnt  agreeably  to  this  resolution, 
amidst  the  repeated  acclamations  of  a  prodigious  number 
of  people."  —  Scots  Magazine  for  Nov.  1745,  vol.  vii. 
p.  536. 

G.N. 

Phosphoric  Light  (Vol.  x.,  p.  147.). — It  is  not 
on  the  surface  that  phosphoric  light  appears  ex- 
clusively :  it  may  often  be  seen  in  Loch  Fyne, 
illuminating  the  whole  of  a  herring-net  several 
fathoms  under  water.  J.  P.  O. 

Mantel-piece  (Vol.  x.,  p.  153.). — Nothing  is 
more  common  in  France,  than  to  see  a  sort  of 
curtain  or  valance  (which  might  well  be  called  a 
mantle)  hung  from  the  shelf  of  the  chimney-piece  ; 
and  I  have  seen  the  same  in  an  English  drawing- 
room  made  of  velvet,  and  adorned  with  fringes 
and  embroidery.  May  not  this  be  the  real  origin 
of  the  name  ?  J.  P.  O. 

Precedency  of  the  Peers  of  Ireland  in  England 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  129.). — In  Hardy's  Memoirs  of  the 
Earl  of  Charlemont,  vol.  i.  pp.  123-4.,  which  I 
have  been  reading  lately,  some  interesting  par- 
ticulars are  given  respecting  the  Earl  of  Egmont, 
whose  "  heraldic  knowledge  was  singularly  minute 
and  circumstantial ;"  so  much  so,  that  — 

"  On  points  of  precedence,  or  adjusting  the  slow  and  solemn 
steps  of  exalted  personages,  at  public  ceremonials,  neither 
Mowbray  nor  Lancaster  heralds,  Blue  Mantle  nor  Rouge 
Dragon,  could  venture  to  approach  his  lordship." 

ABHBA. 

Fashion  in  Brittany  (Vol.  x.,  p.  146.).  —  Is  it 
not  probable  that  this  may  mean  what  is  called  a 


"  Welsh  uncle,"  i.  e.  the  first  cousin  of  the  father  or 
mother?  The  close  connexion  of  origin  between 
Welsh  and  Bretons  is  well  known  ;  and  that  their 
speech  is,  to  this  day,  sufficiently  similar  for  a 
Welshman  to  make  himself  understood  in  Brittany. 

J.  P.  O. 

Fitchetfs  "  King  Alfred"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  102.).— 
John  Fitchett,  the  author  of  this  more  than  Her- 
culean labour,  was  a  lawyer  residing  at  Warring- 
ton.  While  being  initiated  into  the  mysteries  of 
his  profession,  his  attention  was  directed  to  the 
groundwork  of  our  laws  and  constitution  as 
framed  by  our  Saxon  ancestors.  This,  of  course, 
brought  him  in  contact  with  the  history  of  Alfred, 
and  this  led  him  to  the  projection  of  an  epic  poem 
on  the  adventures  of  that  monarch.  This  project 
he  never  gave  up,  but  for  forty  years  pursued  it 
with  unremitting  ardour ;  and  when  he  died  in 
the  autumn  of  1838,  his  mighty  undertaking  was 
still  unfinished.  His  papers  then  came  into  the 
hands  of  Robert  Roscoe,  who  had  been  his  confi- 
dential clerk,  who  revised  and  finished  the  work 
which  was  published  in  1841.  It  contains  an 
enormous  amount  of  information,  but  considered 
as  a  poem  little  can -be  said  in  its  favour.  The 
plot  is  most  defective,  and  the  language  is 
generally  an  imitation  of  Milton's  (!),  with  a  strong 
relish  of  "  mine  ancient."  This  is  Roscoe's  own 
account  of  the  undertaking.  E.  WEST. 

Saint  Tellant  (Vol.  x.,  p.  265.).  —I  beg  to  sug- 
gest that  the  "Tellant"  on  the  Rhosilli  bell  is 
synonymous  with  St.  Tallan,  commemorated  at 
Talland,  in  Cornwall  (vide  Calendar  of  the  Angli- 
can Church,  published  by  Parker,  Oxford,  1851, 
p.  288.).  Talland  is  a  parish  in  West  Lore  Hun- 
dred, Cornwall:  a  promontory  on  its  southern 
extremity  is  termed,  in  TSTorden's  map,  Tallant 
Point.  I  cannot  refer  to  Davies  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall, where  possibly  more  may  be  said  on  the 
subject.  Carew's  Survey  of  Cornwall  merely 
gives  the  name  J-  M.  T. 

If  the  legend  is  Sancta  Tellant  I  can  furnish 
no  answer  to  the  Query,  "  Who  was  Saint  Tel- 
lant ?"  But  if  it  is  Sancte,  I  believe  the  saint  in- 
tended is  St.  Telean,  bishop  and  martyr.  He  was 
the  second  Bishop  of  LlandafF,  nobly  born  and 
brought  up  under  St.  Dubritius,  together  with 
St.  David.  He  was  martyred  by  Gueddan,  a 
Welsh  nobleman,  about  the  year  626.  He  was 
buried  in  the  cathedral  of  LlandafF,  which  bears 
his  name.  F.  C.  H. 

The  Colliers  Creed  (Vol.  x.,  p.  143.).  — It  is 
amusing  to  find  the  supposition  that  this  "  ridicu- 
lous salvo"  derived  its  title  from  the  name  of  an 
individual.  The  "  Collier's  Creed"  is,  do-ubtless, 
nothing  more  nor  less  than  the  interpretation  in 
English  of  the  Fides  Carbonaria,  or  Foi  du  Char- 
bonnier,  explanations  of  which  terms,  together 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


335 


with  the  Creed  itself,  will  be  found  in  "  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  v.,  pp.  523.  571.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

"  My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is  "  (Vol.  i.,  pp.  302. 
489.;  Vol.  vi.,  pp.555.  615. ;  Vol.  vii.,  p.511.).— 
The  substance  of  the  above  sentence  occurs  in 
F.  Quarles'  School  of  the  Heart,  ode  iv.  st.  5. : 

"  My  mind's  my  kingdom  :  why  should  I  withstand 
Or  question  that,  which  I  myself  command." 

Apropos  of  this  subject  I  would  ask,  Is  the  mag- 
nificent compound,  self-empire,  a  coinage  of 
Shelley's  (Prom.  Unb.)  ?  or  was  the  word  in  cir- 
culation before  he  used  it  ? 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 
Birmingham. 

David  Lindsay  (Vol.  x.,  p.  266.).  —  David 
Lindsay,  author  of  The  Godly  Man's  Journey  to 
Heaven,  was  only  related  to  the  poet  of  the  same 
name  through  descent  from  a  common  ancestor, 
who  flourished  during  the  first  half  of  the  four- 
teenth century.  He  was  a  son  of  David  Lindsay, 
a  brother  of  the  House  of  Edzell,  also  minister 
of  Leith  from  1560  downwards,  and  leader  of  the 
moderate  party  in  the  Established  Church  of 
Scotland  during  the  minority  and  early  years  of 
James  VI.,  and  who  died  Bishop  of  Eoss  in  1613. 
The  poet  represented  a  younger  branch  of  the 
Lindsays  of  the  Byres.  L. 

Slack  Eat  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  209. ;  Vol.  x.,  p.  37.).  — 
A  considerable  number  of  black  rats  were  cap- 
tured and  killed  in  the  old  houses  of  St.  Giles's, 
the  Rookery,  &c.,  when  they  were  taken  down  to 
form  the  new  streets  about  nine  or  ten  years  ago. 
Those  black  rats,  driven  from  the  sewers  by  their 
more  powerful  rivals  the  brown  or  eastern  rats 
(Mus  decumanus,  most  absurdly  termed  the  Nor- 
wegian and  Hanoverian),  had  taken  refuge  in  the 
upper  parts  of  those  wretched  old  houses,  and 
there  lived  much  in  the  same  manner  as  mice.  In 
1845  I  saw  and  noted  as  many  as  seventeen 
specimens,  living  and  dead,  of  the  black  rat  (Mus 
rattns),  that  had  been  taken  in  those  old  houses ; 
and  I  have  a  distinct  recollection  of  seeing  several 
more,  of  which  I  made  no  memorandum.  At  that 
period  there  was  an  intelligent  man,  and  not  bad 
naturalist  for  his  station  in  life,  who  exhibited  a 
"  Happy  Family  "  opposite  the  National  Gallery. 
He  generally  had  three  or  four  black  rats  in  his 
cage,  that  had  been  caught  in  the  locality  I  have 
just  mentioned.  He  informed  me  that  he  had 
long  known  that  the  black  rat  inhabited  the  upper 
parts  of  the  old  houses  in  St.  Giles's,  and  that 
when  applied  to  by  naturalists  for  a  specimen  of 
the  animal,  he  took  care  to  represent  its  exceeding 
rarity,  though  by  setting  traps  in  those  houses 
he  could  catch  one  almost  whenever  he  pleased. 
He  rJso  stated  that  his  usual  price  for  a  specimen 


used  to  be  three  guineas,  and  he  bitterly  lamented 
the  taking  down  of  the  Rookery,  which  not  only 
threw  the  black  rat  like  a  drug  upon  the  market, 
but  also  destroyed  their  ancient  haunt.  In  fact, 
he  seemed  to  consider  those  old  houses  as  a  sort 
of  preserve  for  his  most  profitable  game.  I  have 
not  seen  a  black  rat  since,  but  I  have  been  in- 
formed by  an  excellent  authority  that  there  are 
still  a  number  of  black  rats  about  the  roofs, 
garrets,  and  upper  parts  of  many  old  houses  in 
London.  \V.  PINKERTON. 

Hammersmith. 

Voltaire  and  Henri  Carion  —  Spirit-rapping 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  4.).  —  The  lines  "  J'ai  renie,"  &c.,  are 
to  be  found  upon  an  old  print  of  Voltaire,  pub- 
lished in  France  many  years  ago.  ANON. 

Stone  Shot  (Vol.  x.,  p.  223.).  — Some  of  the 
guns  of  the  Mary  Rose,  sunk  A.  ».  1545,  were 
loaded  with  stone  shot.  The  marble  balls  used  in 
the  cannon  of  the  Dardanelles  are  well  known ; 
but  the  latest  instance  of  the  employment  of  this 
material  for  military  projectiles  with  which  I  am 
acquainted,  was  at  Rome,  in  the  year  1835. 
There  I  saw  great  numbers  of  cannon-balls  made 
of  stone,  lying  on  the  walls  of  the  Castle  of  St. 
Angelo.  They  were,  I  believe,  principally  of 
coarse  marble  ;  and  I  was  informed  that  the  galley 
slaves  were  employed  in  their  manufacture. 

W.  J.  BEBNHAED  SMITH. 

Temple. 

"  Nagging  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  29.).  —  This  should  be 
spelt  knagging.  "  To  knag,  v.  a.  to  tease,  to  worry, 
with  frequent  recurrence  to  trifling  points  of  dis- 
pute, to  annoy,  to  leer."  See  Dictionary  of  the 
English  Language  for  the  best  authorities  from 
Johnson  to  Webster,  London,  8vo.,  1836;  Tuckey 
&  Co.,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden.  No 
authorities,  however,  are  quoted  for  the  use  of 
the  word  in  this  work.  F.  S.  T. 

Klaprotlis  "  China  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  266.).  —  In 
some  odd  volumes  of  the  Bulletin  du  Nord  which 
I  possess,  published  in  Moscow,  there  is  the  fol- 
lowing announcement  in  the  Russian  language : 

"  Voyage  to  China  across  Mongrolia  in  1820  and  1821, 
by  M.  De  Klaproth ;  printed  by  supreme  order,  St.  Pe- 
tersburg, 1824,  3  vols.  in  8vo.,  with  maps  and  plates." 

In  the  work  from  which  I  have  extracted  this 
title,  I  find  some  severe  criticisms  on  Mr.  Klap- 
roth's  work,  and  a  long  list  of  inaccuracies,  by 
Father  Hyacinthe.  WILLIAM  JONES. 

[This  is  not  the  work  noticed  by  MR.  MACRAY,  and 
which  was  announced  as  preparing  for  publication  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  ISov.  1823,  p.  450.,  under  the 
title  of  "  A  Geographical,  Statistical,  and  Historical  De- 
scription of  the  Empire  of  China  and  its  Dependancies, 
by  Julius  Klaproth."] 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  260. 


Caleb  Stukely  (Vol.  x.,  p.  306.).  —  The  author 
of  this  novel  is  Samuel  Phillips,  Esq.,  who  died  at 
Brighton  on  the  14th  inst.,  and  respecting  whom 
there  is  a  notice  in  The  Times  of  the  17th  inst. 
The  article  on  "  Literature  for  the  People,"  which 
appeared  in  The  Times  of  Feb.  5,  1854,  is  attri- 
buted to  the  same  gifted  writer,  as  well  as  that  on 
"  The  Common  Law  and  Equity  Keports,"  in  The 
Times  of  Oct.  6,  1854.  J.  Y. 

Charles  Povey  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  7.  155.).  — His 
death  is  thus  noticed  in  the  obituary  of  the  Scots' 
Magazine  for  May,  1743,  vol.  v.  p.  247. : 

"  Aged  upwards  of  90,  Mr.  Charles  Povey,  well  known 
for  his  many  schemes  and  projects,  particularly  the  Sun 
Fire  Office,  from  which  he  had  150/.  a  year." 

The  place  of  his  death  is  not  stated,  but  from  the 
mode  in  which  the  obituary  is  printed,  it  would  be 
inferred  that  he  died  in  Germany,  or  at  the 
German  Spa.  G.  N. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Those  of  our  readers  who  remember  the  interesting 
Letters  from  Coleridge  to  Charles  Lamb,  on  the  subject 
•of  Daniel's  poems,  which  we  published  in  "  N.  &  Q."  of 
7th  August,  1852,  will  with  us  be  glad  to  hear  that  A 
Selection  from,  the  Poetical  Works  of  Samud  Daniel,  with 
a.  Biographical  Introduction  and  Notes,  by  John  Morris, 
Member  of  the  Somersetshire  Arcfueological  Society,  is 
about  to  appear  at  the  commencement  of  the  ensuing 
year.  The  price  of  the  volume  is  to  be  7s.  6d.,  and  the 
copies  issued  limited  to  the  number  of  subscribers. 

Mr.  Delius,  whose  name  is  so  well  known  for  the  dili- 
gence with  which  he  has  studied  the  literature  of  Shak- 
speare  and  his  cotemporaries,  and  for  his  efforts  to  make 
that  knowledge  accessible  to  the  German  public,  is  about 
to  edit,  with  notes  and  illustrations,  the  old  play  of 
Edward  the  Third. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  The  Works  of  William  Coicper, 
comprising  his  Poems,  Correspondence,  and  Translations, 
with  a  Life  of  the  Author  by  the  Editor,  Robert  Southey, 
LL.D.  Vols.  V.  and  VI.  of  this  cheap  and  excellent 
edition  of  Southey' 's  Cowper  in  Bonn's  Standard  Library, 
contain  his  Poetical  Works.  —  Nordufari,  or  Rambles  in 
Iceland,  by  Pliny  Miles,  which  forms  the  new  issue  (Parts 
LXVIII.  and  LXIX.)  of  Longman's  Traveller's  Library, 
is  a  graphic  and  very  lively  narrative.  The  book  is 
thoroughly  "  American,"  and  therefore  not  the  less  amus- 
ing. —  Eine  Winternachtsmahr  von  William  Shakspeare, 
Ueberzetzt  von  Carl  Abel.  This  new  translation  of  Shak- 
speare's  Winter's  Tale,  claims  to  be  more  faithful  than 
any  that  has  yet  appeared  in  German.  It  certain!}'  is 
very  well  and  very  closely  translated.  —  Practical  Illus- 
trations of  the  Principles  of  School  Architecture,  by  Henry 
Barnard.  This  American  contribution  to  a  subject  now 
attracting  much  attention  in  this  country,  is  worth  the 
notice  of  our  English  architects. —  Gibbon's  History  of  the 
Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  with  variorum  Notes, 
Volume  the  Fifth.  This  new  volume  of  Mr.  Bohn's  British 
Classics'  edition  of  Gibbon  extends  from  chap,  xliv., 
which  treats  of  the  Roman  Jurisprudence,  to  chap.  1., 
which  is  devoted  to  the  History  of  Mahomet.  —  The 
Farther  Adventures  of  Mr.  Verdant  Green,  an  Oxford 


Undergraduate,  by  Cuthbert  Bede,  B.A.,  with  50  Illustra- 
tions by  the  Author.  We  have  received,  read,  and  enjoyed 
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adventures ;  but  as  for  reviewing  it  in  the  sedate  columns 
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Full  price  will  lie  given  for  clean  copies  of  "  NOTE 
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3.  C.  Whoever  may  have  been  the  Editor  of  Madame  Pki.wr's  Journey 
round  the  World,  tliere  can  be  HO  doubt  that  the  lady  herselj  actuaUy 
performed  it. 

MR.  E.  F.  WOODMAN.  We  have  a  letter  for  this  Correspondent.  How 
shall  it  beforv-ani.dt 

ERRATA.  Vol.  x.,  p.  259.  c.  2.  1.  53.,  for  "crowning  merits,"  rend 
"  crowninsr  mercy  ;  "  p.  306.  c.  2.  1.  10.,  for  "  Stockten  Hall,"  lead 
"  Stocken  Uall." 

A  few  complete  sets  o/"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES."  Vols.  i.  to  in..,  price  fowl- 
guineas  and  a  half,  may  now  be  had.  For  these,  early  application  is 
desirable. 

"NOTES  AND  QCERIES"  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that  the 
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QUERIES"  (including  a  very  copious  Index)  is  eleven  .shillings  and  four- 
pence  for  sis.  months,  which  may  be  paid  oy  Post-Qfflce  Order,  drawn  m 
favour  of  the  Publisher,  MR.  GEORGE  BELL,  No.  186'.  Fleet  Street. 


OCT.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


VARLEY'S  BRITISH  CA- 
BANA CIGARS,  filled  with  the  finest 
Cabana  leaf ;  they  are  unequalled  at  the  price, 
14s.  per  lb.,  and  are  extensively  sold  as  foreign. 
The  Editor  of  the  Agrifultuml  Magazine  for 
August,  )).  63.,  in  an  article  ou  "  Cigars,"  ob- 
serves :  "  The  appearance  and  flavour  very 
closely  approximate  to  Havannah  cigars:  we 
strongly  recommend  them." 

FOREIGN  CIGARS  of  tl  e  most  approved 
brands  weighed  from  the  chests. 

TOBACCOS  of  the  first  qualities. 
J.  F.  VARLEY  &  CO., 
Importers  of  Meerschaums,  &c., 

The  HAVANNAH  STORES,  364.  Oxford 
Street,  exactly  opposite  the  Princess's  The- 
atre. 


BANK  OF  DEPOSIT, 
No.  3.  Pall  Mall  East,  London. 


Established  A.  D.  1844. 


PARTIES  desirous  of  INVEST- 

ING  MONEY  are  requested  to  examine 
the  Plan  of  this  Institution,  by  which  a  high 
Rate  9f  Interest  may  be  obtained  with  perfect 
Security. 

Interest  payable  in  January  and  July. 

PETER  MORRISON, 

Managing  Director. 

Prospectuses   and  Forms   for   opening  Ac- 
counts sent  free  ou  application. 


TlfESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 

V  T     RANGE  AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 

Founded  A.D.  1842. 


H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  8.  Cocks.Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew.  Esq. 
\V.  Kvans,  Esq. 
\V.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Ksq. 
J.  H.  Ooodhart,  Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seoger,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


W.Whateley,Esq.,  Q.C.  j  George  Drew,  Esq.; 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.— Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
epectus. 

hpecirnens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
loo/.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits : 

Age  £  a.  d.  Age  £  i.  d. 

17  -  -  -  1  14  4  32-  -  -  2  10  8 
22  -  -  -  1  18  8  37  -  -  -  2  18  6 
27-  -  -245  42-  -  -382 

ARTHUR  SCRATCIILEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  \0s.6d..  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


ESTABLISHED  1803. 

CAPITAL  :  —  ONE  MILLION  STERLING. 
A II  Paid-  Up  and  Invested  in  1806. 

G  Z.  O  B  E      SSSrSURAWCB, 

J.  W.  FRESHFIELD,  Esq. :  M.P. :  F.R.S.  —  Chairman. 
FOWLER  NEWSAM,  Esq.  _  Deputy  Chairman. 
GEORGE  CARR  GLYN,  Esq. :  M.P — Treasurer. 

FIRE  :  LIFE  :  ANNUITIES  :  REVERSIONS. 
CORNHILL  $  PALL  MALL  — LONDON. 
Empowered  by  Special  Acts  of  Parliament. 

LIFE  INSURANCES  granted  from  Fifty  to  Ten  Thousand  Pounds,  at  Rates  particularly 
favourable  to  the  Younger  and  Middle  periods  of  Life. 

No  CHARGE  FOR  STAMP  DUTIES  ON  LIFE  POLICIES. 
Every  class  of  FIRE  and  LIFE  Insurance  transacted. 

MEDICAL  FEES  generally  paid. 
PROSPECTUSES,— with  Life  Tables,  on  various  plans,— maybe  had  at  the  Offices  ;  and  of  any 

WILLIAM  NEWMARCH, 

Secretary. 


TMPERIAL    LIFE    INSU- 

JL  RANGE  COMPANY. 

1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 
Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  HIBBERT,  ESQ.,  Chairman. 
WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Deputy- 
Chairman. 

The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  5002.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  i  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  50Z.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  tjrm  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —  Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750,000?.,  of  which  nearly 
140,OOOJ.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 
On  the  31st  October,  1853,  the  sums 

Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 

amounted  to  -  -  -  -  -  .£2,500,000 
The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -  800,000 
And  the  Annual  lucome  from  the 

same  source,  to     -  109,000 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  INGALL,  Actuary. 

BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Ciaas  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  hod  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  C1IEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silyer 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  arid  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  sruineas  i  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,^/., 3{.,aud4l.  Ther- 
mometers from  U.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Otiservatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  tauten, 
65.  CliEAPSIDE. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 


WO 


POUNDS 


for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following  : 
THE  HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 

NESS  PREVENTED. 

BEETHAM'S  CAPILLARY  FLUID  is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  stienjth- 
ening  when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  tor  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  one.  Thousands  have 
experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy.  Bottles, 
2*.  6d.  ;  double  size,  4s.  6</.  ;  7s.  6rf.  equal  to 
4  small;  11s.  to  6  small;  21s.  to  13  small. 
The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever  invented. 
SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 
BEETHAM'S  yEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 

tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.    It  also 

reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 

nishing manner.    If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 

mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 

duals, during   the    last  five  years,  might  be 

inserted.     Packets,  Is.  ;    Boxes,  2s.  6rf.     Sent 

Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 

for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,   30.  Westmorland  Streets 

JACKSON,  9.  Westland  How;   BEWLEY 

&     EVANS,    Dublin  ;     GOULDING,    108. 

Patrick   Street,   Cork:    BARRY,  ».   Main 

Street,    Kinsale  ;     GRATTAN,    Belfast  ; 

MURDOCK.  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 

CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.   SAN- 

GER,    150.  Oxford    Street  ;    PROUT,   229. 

Strand  ;  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 

SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street  i  UAN- 

NAY,   63.   Oxford    Street  ;    London.      All 

Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and   Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAOS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  tree  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Traveiling-biuj 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  it  T.  ALLEN,  18  S:  22.  West  Strmnd. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  260. 


TOPOSRAPHEil   &    GENEALOGIST, 

JOHN  GOUGH  NICHOLS,  F.S.A. 

The  XHIth  Part  of  Ms  Work  is  now  piiblished, 
price  3s.  6d., containing: 

Some  Account  of  the,Manor  of  Apuldrefleld, 
in  the  Parish  of  CudKam,  Kent,  by  G.  Stein- 
man  Steinman,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

Petition  to  Parliament  from  the  Borough  of 
"Wotton  Basset,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  rela- 
tive to  the  right  of  the  Burgesses  to  Free  Com- 
mon of  Pasture  in  Fasterne  Great  Park. 

Memoranda  in  Heraldry,  from  the  MS. 
Pocket-books  of  Peter  Le  Neve,  Norroy  King 
of  Arms. 

Was  William  of  Wykeham  of  the  Family  of 
Swalcliffe  ?  By  Charles  Wykeham  Martin, 
Esq.,M.P.,F.S.A. 

Account  of  Sir  Toby  Canlfield  rendered  to 
the  Irish  Exchequer,  relative  to  the  Chattel 
Property  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  and  other  fugi- 
tives from  Ulster  in  the  year  1616,  communi- 
cated by  James  F.  Ferguson,  Esq.,  of  the  Ex- 
chequer Record  Office,  Dublin. 

Indenture  enumerating  various  Lands  in 
Cirencester,  4  Hen.  VII.  (1489). 

Two  Volumes  of  this  Work  arc  now  com- 
pleted, which  are  published  in  cloth  boards, 
price -Two  Guineas,  or  in  Twelve  Parts,  price 
3».  <x/.  each.  Among  its  more  important  ar- 
ticles are  — 

Descent  of  the  Earldom  of  Lincoln,  with  In- 
troductory   Observations    on    the    Ancient 
Earldoms  of  England,  by  the  Editor. 
On  the  Connection  of  Arderne,  or  Arden,  of 
Cheshire,  with  the  Ardens  of  Warwickshire. 
By  George  Ormerod,  Esq.,  D.C.L.,  F.S.A. 
Genealogical  Declaration  respecting  the  Family 
of  Norres,  written  by  Sir  William  Norres,  of 
Speke,  co.  Lane,  in  1563  ;  followed  by  an  ab- 
stract of  charters,  &c. 

The  Domestic  Chronicle  of  Thomas  Godfrey, 

Esq.,  of  Winchelsea.  &c.,  M.P.,  the  father  of 

Sir  Edmund  Berry  Godfrey,  finished  in  1655. 

Honywood  Evidences,  compiled  previously  to 

1620.  edited  by  B.  W.  Greenfield,  Esq. 
The  Descendants  of  Mary  Honywood  at  her 

death  in  1620. 

Marriage  Settlements  of  the  Honywoods. 
Pedigrees  of  the  families  of  Arden  or  Arderne, 
Arundell  of  Aynho,  Babington,  Barry.  Bay- 
ley,  Bowct,  Browne,  Burton  of  Coventry, 
Qlarke.  Clerke,  Clinton,  Close,  Dabridge- 
court,  Dakyns  or  Dakeynes,  D'Oyly,  Drew, 
FitzAlan,  Fitzhcrbert.  France-is,  Ireming- 
ham,  Gvll,  Hammond,  Harlakenden,  He- 
neagc.  Hirst,  Honywood.  Hodilow,  Holman, 
Horde,  Hustler,  Isley,  Kirby,  Kynnersley, 
Marche,  Marston,  Meynell.  Norrcs,  Peirse, 
Pimpe,  Plomer,  Polhill  or  Polley,  Pycheford, 
Pitchford,  Pole  or  De  la  Pole,  Preston,  Vis- 
count Tarah,  Thcxton,  Tregose.  Turner  of 
Kirkleatham,  Ufford,  Walerand,  Walton,  and 
Yate. 

The  Genealogies  of  more  than  ninety  families 
of    Ktockton-upon-Tces,    by  Wm.   D'Oyly 
Bayley,  Esq..  F.S.A. 
Sepulchral  Memorials  of  the  English  at  Bruges 

and  Caen. 
Many  original    Charters,   several  Wills,  and 

Funeral  Certificates. 

Survey,  temp.  Philip  and  Mary,  of  the  Manors 
of  Crosthole.  Landren,  Landulph,  Lightdur- 
rnnt,  Porpehan.  and  Tynton,  in  Cornwall ; 
A ylesbeare  and  Why tford ,  co.  Devon :  F. werne 
Courtenay,  co.  Dorset ;  Mudford  and  Hinton, 
West  Coker,  and  Stoke  Courcy,  co.  Somerset ; 
liolleston,  co.  Stafford  ;  and  Corton,  co. 
Wilts. 
Survey  of  the  Marshes  of  the  Medway,  temp. 

Henry  VIII. 
A  Description  of  Cleveland,  addressed  to  Sir 

Thomas  Chaloner,  temp.  James  I. 
Catalogue  of  Sepulchral  Monuments  in  Suf- 
folk, throughout  the  hundreds  of  Babergh, 
Blackbourn,  Blything,  Bosmere  and  Clay- 
don,  Carlford,  Colnies,  Cosford,  Itartismere, 
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CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

Parish  Kegisters,  by  G.  Blencowe,  &c.  -  337 
Ballad  on  the  Escape  of  Charles  II.,  by 

J.  O.  Halliwell  -  -  -  -  340 

Forms  of  Vrayer,  by  Rev.  T.  Lathbury  341 
"Belted  Will :  "  Lord  Howard,  by  James 

J.Scott  -  -  -  -  -341 

National  Benefactors  -  312 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Sebastopol  Twenty 
Years  since,  and  its  anticipated  At- 
tack by  the  English  — The  Emperor 
of  Morocco  pensioned  by  England  — 
"Don  Quixote  "— Regimental  Colours 
burnt  by  the  Common  Hangman  — 
"  An  old  bird  not  to  be  caught  with 
chaff  "  —  Typography  —  Sinope  — 
Sharp  Practice  —  The  Crimea  and  the 
23rd  Regiment  -  -  -  -  312 

QCERIES:  — 

The    Author  of  "  Vathek,"  by  Jame« 

J.  Scott      -          -          -  -          -    344 

Colonel  Carlos,  by  J.  B.  Whitborne       -    344 
".Robinson  Crusoe,"  who  wrote  it  ?  .by 
James  J.  Scott      -  315 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Genealogies  in  old 
Bibles—Old  and  new  Books  —  "  Quin- 
tus  Calaber  "— Pritchard's  Ship,  with- 
out Sail  or  Wind  _  Taking  off  the 
Hat  —  "  Goueho,"  or  "  Guacho  "  — 
Wickliffe's  "  Clippers  "  and  "Purse- 
kervers  "  —  The  Devil's  Dozen  —  De- 
scendants of  Archbp.  Abbott  —  Fish- 
ing Season  in  Italy  — Bolingbroke's 
Advice  to  Swift  —  Charles  Cotton  — 
Infidel  Court  Chaplain  —  Gibson's 
Concordance  —  Bust  of  Shakspeare  — 
Preen  or  Prene  in  Shropshire  —  Spill- 
ing Salt— "S."  and  "St."  -  -  345 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Gun-shot  Wounds —  Frischlinus,  Lu- 
binus,  Marte  du  Cygne  —  Vavassori's 
"De  Ludicia  Dictione  "  — Family  of 
Martin  Folkes  —  Chronicles  of  Al- 

phonsus   XI Butler's  "Hudibrae" 

—  Rev.    Joseph  Glauvil's  Works  _ 
Whitmore  Motto  -          -          -    345 

REPLIES:  — 

Sir  Jerome,  Jeremiah,  or  Jeremy  Bowes, 

first  English  Ambassador  to  Russia    -    348 
Dr.  Wilmot  -  -  -  -    349 

The  Pope  sitting  on  the  Altar,  by  Rev. 

W.Denton  -  -  -  -    349 

"  The  Poor  Voter's  Sons  "  -  -    350 

The  Extinction  of  the  Palteologi,  by  Sir 
J.  E.  Teunent.&c.  -  -  -  351 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Ob- 
servation Instrument  for  Photogra- 
phers —  Buckle's  Brush  -  -  352 

REPLIES  TO  MI.VOR  QI-EKIPS  :  — Rules  of 
Precedence  —  "  The  devil  hath  not," 
&c.  —  "On  the  green  slope,"  &c. — 
"Obedient  Yamen  " — "The  storm 
that  wrecks  the  winter  sky  " — "Her 
mouth  a  rosebud  filled  with  snow  " 
Reynolds,  Bishop  of  Hereford,— "Ba- 
ratariana  "  and  "  Pranceriana,"  &c.  -  352 


Notes  on  Books,  &e. 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 

Notices  to  Correspondents, 


VOL.  X.  — No.  2C1. 


Miiltae  tcrricolis  lingucc,  ccelestibas  una. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261. 


50,000  CUBES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

T\U     BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

\)  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 
CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headache?,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceiiehe.  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  cough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude,  sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
pood  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  sym  p- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1H54.  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  o/50,000  Cures: 

Cure  No.  71..  of  dyspepsia,  from  the  Right 
Hon.  the  Lord  Stuart  de  Decies:_"I  have 
derived  considerable  benefit  from  Du  Barry's 
Revalenta  Arabica  Fond,  and  consider  it  due 
to  yourselves  and  the  public  to  authorise  the 

Siblication    of    these    lines."  —  STUART    DB 
ECIES. 

Cure  No.  49.R32  :— "  Fifty  years'  indescribable 
agony  from  dyspepsia,  nervousness,  asthma, 
cough,  constipation,  flatulency,  spasms,  sick- 
ness at  the  stomach  and  vomiting,  have  been 
removed  by  Du  Barry's  excellent  food."  — 
MARIA  Jour,  Wortham  Ling,  near  Diss, 
Norfolk. 

Cure  No.  180  :  — "Twenty-flve  years'  ner- 
vousness, constipation,  indigestion,  and  de- 
bility, from  which  I  have  suffered  great  misery, 
and  which  no  medicine  could  remove  or  re- 
lieve, have  been  effectually  cured  by  Du 
Barry's  Food  in  a  very  short  time."  —  W.  R. 
REEVES,  Pool  Anthony,  Tiverton. 

No.  4208.  "  Eight  years'  dyspepsia,  nervous- 
ness, debility  with  cramps,  spasms,  and  nausea, 
have  been  effectually  removed  by  Du  Barry's 
health-restoring  food.  I  shall  be  happy  to 
answer  any  inquiries,"  Rev.  JOHN  W.  FI.A- 
TEI.L.  Ridlington  Rectory,  Norfolk.  —  No.  81. 
"  Twenty  years'  liver  complaint,  with  dis- 
orders of  the  stomach,  bowels,  and  nerves," 
ANDREW  FRASER,  Haddington. 

No.  32,836.  "  Three  years'  excessive  nervous- 
ness, with  pains  in  my  neck  and  left  arm,  and 
general  debility,  which  rendered  my  life  very 
miserable,  have  been  radically  removed  by  Du 
Barry's  health-restorinsr  food."  — ALEXANDER 
STUART,  Archdeacon  of  Ross,  Skibereen. 

No.  58.034.  Grammar  School,  Stevenagp, 
Dec.  16. 1850  :  "  Gentlemen,  We  have  found  it 
admirably  adapted  for  infants.  Our  baby  has 
never  once  had  disordered  bowels  since  taking 

H." -R.  AM  BLEB. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lib.,  2s. 
9d.;  2lb.,  4s.  6'?.  ;  5lb.,  11s. ;  121h.,22*.  ;  super- 
refinc'l.  lib  ,  6s., ;  21b.,  Us.  :  Mb.,  22s.  ;  Ifllb., 
33s.  The  lOlb.  and  1211).  carriage  free,  on  post- 
office  order.  Barry,  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77- 
Regent  Street,  London ;  Fortnum,  Mason,  & 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
also  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street ;  330.  Strand ;  of 
Barclay,  Edwards,  Sutton,  Sanger,  Hannay, 
New  berry,  and  may  be  ordered  through  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers,  Grocers,  and  Chemists. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

X  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  lias  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post.  1».  2<Z. 


MR.  T.  L.  MERRITT'S  IM- 
PROVED CAMERA,  for  the  CALO- 
TYPE  and  COLLODION  PROCESSES ;  by 
which  from  Twelve  to  Twenty  Views,  &c.,  may 
be  taken  in  Succession,  and  then  dropped  into 
a  Receptacle  provided  for  them,  without  pos- 
sibility of  injury  from  light. 

As  neither  Tent,  Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  as  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
ating in  a  Room. 

Maidstone,  Aug.  21. 1854. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
HI  ICAL  PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
free  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 

Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


Just  published. 

PRACTICAL    PHOTOGRA- 

1     PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 

containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIKWS  by  the  agency 
of  Light,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BUMEN, WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  6d. 
Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,   Opticians, 
Philosonhicnl    and  Photographical   Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J    AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 


ened  period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


HTHE   SIGHT    preserved  by  the 

1     Use  of  SPECTACLES   adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,    which    effectually   prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 
BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 

TULLES,    composed   for    the   PIANO- 
FORTE by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 

London  :  Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  ofC.  LONSDALE.  26.  Old  Bond 
Street ;  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 

PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

I  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Port-aits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicscy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
spei'imens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
I'M.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


WHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 

TT      VHIC     AND     OPTICAL     WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Red  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depot  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


PhrOT06RAPH!C   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTE  WILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A .  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 

Family. 

TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following  : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 

BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every' one.  Thousands  have 
experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy.  Bottles, 
2s.  6d. :  double  size,  4s.  6</. ;  7s.  6fl.  equal  to 
4  small;  Us.  to  6  small;  21s.  to  13  small. 
The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever  invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
docs  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  nnd  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  ^indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  !s.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  Sd.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street; 
JACKSO>f,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork;  BARRY,  fl.  Main 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK. BROTHERS, Glasgow  ; DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER, 150.  Oxford  Street;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  11AN- 
NAY.  r,3.  Oxford  Street ;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


337 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  28,  1854. 


PARISH    REGISTERS. 

Those  who  have  had  opportunities  of  looking 
over  parish  registers  have  doubtless  often  been 
amused  at  reading  many  of  the  entries  which  are 
to  be  found  therein,  not  a  few  of  which  are  cal- 
culated to  throw  a  light  on  the  customs,  manners, 
and  habits  of  the  good  people  in  the  olden  times, 
which  are  interesting,  not  only  to  antiquaries  and 
those  who  are  admirers  of  venerable  antiquity,  but 
also  to  the  general  reader ;  it  is  as  it  were  looking 
through  Time's  telescope,  and  viewing  through 
the  vista  long-past  events,  which  are  brought  out 
in  full  review  before  the  eye,  like  objects  in  a 
panorama.  The  following  extracts,  compiled  from 
authentic  sources,  part  of  which  have  been  tran- 
scribed from  the  originals,  will  serve  to  illustrate 
the  foregoing  remarks.  The  first  on  the  list  relates 
principally  to  the  town  of  Braintree. 

"Anno  1580.  —  April  2  was  baptized  Joseph  Mann,  son 
of  Joseph  Mann.  Mem.  That  the  said  Joseph  Manu  the 
son,  in  the  year  1631,  did  lay  open  the  street  called  New 
Street,  and  also  built  the  New  Cross,  at  his  own  proper 
costs  and  charges,  and  afterwards  sold  the  same  to  the 
Right  Hon.  Robert  Earl  of  Warwick,  for  the  sum  of  600Z., 
being  then  bailiff  to  the  said  Earl  of  the  town,  of  Brayn- 
tree. — 23  Hen.  VIII.,  Robert  Pucklow  gave  a  crown  for  a 
light  before  St.  Nicholas ;  Richard  Norfolk  the  like  before 
St.  Catharine ;  John  Tomkin  the  like  before  St.  Michael ; 
and  Henry  Evret  the  like  before  Trinity.  — A  drinking  in 
Lent,  towards  which,  besides  what  private  persons  paid, 
was  given  by  Rayne,  4s. ;  Crossing,  3s. ;  Black  Notley, 
3s.  8d. ;  Bocldng,  3s. ;  and  Braintree,  5s." 

These  were  in  Popish  times.  There  was  a  ca- 
non against  these  drinkings ;  but  Whitsun  ales, 
which  were  similar  things,  were  allowed  in  King 
James's  Book  of  Sunday  Sports.  Images  in 
churches  do  not  appear  to  have  been  entirely 
removed  till  1588  (1  Eliz.),  when  the  church- 
wardens received  for  three  images,  26s.  8J. 

"  1574.  Received  for  six  almanvyvets,  22s.  (Qy.  Ger- 
man music-books?  which  seem  to  have  been  superseded 
by  the  more  solemn  music  adapted  to  such  psalmody  as 
that  of  Sternhold  and  Hopkins.) — Received  for  the  organ 
pipes " 

The  almanvyvets  and  organ  pipes  seem  to  have 
fallen  before  the  Puritanic  spirit  which  was  at 
this  time  prevailing. 

"  1581.  Payd  for  rynging  on  crowenation-day,  2s.  Gd. ; 
Inyd  out  for  yenk  and  paper  [ink  and  paper],  Id. ;  payd 
the  hie  constable  for  Cataway  Bridge,  10s. :  payd  to  Fa- 
ther Wod,  for  helling  [healing*]  of  Widow  Matthews,  20s." 

Father  Wod  was  most  likely  a  Popish  priest, 
but  that  "  occupation  gone,"  he  practised  physic'. 
It  is  well  known  that  at  the  present  period,  in 
Roman  Catholic  countries,  the  priests,  actuated 
by  a  kind  and  benevolent  feeling,  study  in  some 
degree  the  healing  art,  in  order  that  they  may  be 


enabled  to  prescribe  remedies  in  cases  of  sudden 
illness  among  the  poorer  members  of  their  Hock, 
when  medical  aid  through  a  surgeon,  from  dis- 
tance or  other  causes,  is  not  attainable. 

"  1585.  Payd  for  discharging  Father  Andrew  howt  of 
the  Cowrte,  being  cited  for  reading  the  servyce,  Itid." 

This,  probably,  was  another  Popish  clergyman, 
who  had  committed  himself  by  performing  some 
duty  contrary  to  the  Reformed  doctrines  and 
laws. 

"  1586.  Payd  to  Persona  for  rushes  and  flaskes  gather- 
ing when  the  byshope  was  here  [to  strew  the  church 
with],  12d." 

Strewing  churches,  and  even  private  houses,  with 
rushes,  was  at  this  time  a  common  practice. 

"  1593.  Received  from  '  The  Hart '  24  quarts  of  wyne, 
at  8d.,  15s.  4d. ;  and  11  quarts  of  muskydine,  at  lie?., 
10s.  Id. ;  and  8  quarts  of  wyne,  at  9d.,  6s.  Item,  received 
from  the  coke  [cook]  27  quarts  of  wyne,  at  Sd.,  18s. ;  and 
23  quarts  of  wyne,  at  9d.,  17s.  3d. ;  and  1  quart  of  sack, 
12d  Payd  for" bread,  3s.  2d" 

That  is,  94  quarts  of  wine  (nearly  8  dozen)  in 
one  year  for  the  Communion,  in  a  town  with  a 
population  of  about  2000 ;  but  this  was  at  a 
period  when  almost  every  adult  communicated ; 
and  there  are  some  intimations  that  at  this  period 
our,  ancestors  drank  deep  on  those  occasions,  in 
order  to  evince  their  sincerity.  For  instance,  it 
is  said  of  "  Rare  Ben  Jonson,"  that  he  was  twelve 
years  a  Papist,  but  was  afterwards  reconciled  to 
the  Church  of  England,  and  that  at  his  first  com- 
munion, in  token  of  his  true  reconciliation,  he 
drank  the  full  cup  of  wine.  The  quantities  and 
the  prices  charged  do  not  in  several  instances 
agree ;  but  our  ancestors  were  in  general  very 
bad  arithmeticians. 

"  1625.  It  is  agreed  that  Hugh  Wises's  wife  shall  have 
some  barley  allowed  her,  at  the  best  hand,  to  bake 
bread." 

Poor  persons  at  the  present  time  would  not  evince 
much  gratitude  for  such  a  gift  as  this. 

"  1635.  J.  M.  hath  payd  to  Mr.  W.  5s.  (id.,  which  he 
laved  out  to  send  Burnham  with  a  letter  to  my  Lord  of 
Warwick,  in  London  [distance  40  miles].  — 1637.  It  is 
agreed  that  J.  M.  shall  have  2s.  for  his  journey  to  Heding- 
ham,  about  ship-money." 

The  levying  "  ship-money  "  at  this  time  wns  one 
of  the  principal  causes  which  led  to  the  civil  war. 

1662.  In  an  inventory  of  the  goods  belonging 
to  the  parish  is  enumerated  a  sheet  for  harlots  to 
do  penance  in.  It  appears  as  if  the  parish  autho- 
rities at  Braintree,  at  this  period,  were  desirous  of 
establishing  a  high  standard  of  morality  in  their 
town.  Whether  the  article  in  question  was  fre- 
quently called  into  use  or  otherwise,  we  are  not 
informed. 

"  1719.  Ordered,  to  allow  John  Wilkinson's  wife  9s.,  to 
redeem  a  piece  of  gold  touched  by  the  king." 

This  was  a  relic  of  the  ancient  practice  of  touch- 
ing for  the  king's  evil.  The  practice  had  been 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261. 


discontinued  some  time,  but  the  pieces  of  money 
used  on  those  occasions  were  supposed  to  retain 
their  virtue.  In  the  next  article  we  hardly  know 
which  is  most  remarkable,  the  apparent  knavery 
of  the  parties  or  the  attempted  legal  formalities  of 
the  scribe. 

"  1745.  This  witnesseth  an  agreement  by  and  between 
the  parishioners  below  mentioned,  on  behalf  of  themselves 
and  the  whole  parish,  and  David  Stearns,  that  he  the  said 
David  Stearns,  for  and  in  consideration  of  a  crown  bowl 
of  punch,  this  day  paid  by  him,  shall  be  excused  for  the 
future  from  paying  all  parish  rates,  of  what  name  or  de- 
scription soever  they  be,  for  the  house  he  dwells  in,  the 
king's  tax  only  excepted."  Signed  by  David  Stearns  and 
eight  other  parishioners,  and  witnessed  by  the  vestry 
clerk. 

If  the  parties  in  the  above  agreement  had  any 
misgivings  as  to  the  legality  or  honesty  of  the 
course  they  were  adopting,  we  may  suppose  that, 
in  the  words  of  the  old  ballad,  "  they  drowned 
them  in  the  bowl."  Being,  however,  loyal  sub- 
jects, they  desired  that  the  king's  taxes  should  be 
paid. 

The  following  extracts  were  transcribed  verba- 
tim from  an  old  rate-book  belonging  to  the  parish 
of  Elmstood,  near  Colchester  : 

"April  28,  1704.  Paid  for  the  berrill  of  Jane  Hicks,  4s. 
— April  2, 1707.  Paid  for  two  payer  of  britches  and  a  neck 
of  moten,  4s." 

This  is  an  amusing  item  ;  "  two  pair  of  breeches 
and  a  neck  of  mutton  :"  food  and  clothing  jum- 
bled together  in  a  rather  incongruous  manner, 
and  all  for  the  small  sum  of  four  shillings. 
Breeches  as  well  as  mutton  must  have  been  mar- 
vellously cheap  in  those  days.  It  reminds  one  of 
Shakspeare's  saying  of  King  Stephen  : 

"  King  Stephen  was  a  worthy  peer, 

His  breeches  cost  him  but  a  crown ; 
He  held  them  sixpence  all  too  dear, 
With  that  he  call'd  the  tailor —  lown." 

By  the  way,  this  quotation  aptly  illustrates 
Burke's  remark,  that  ''  there  is  but  one  step  from 
the  sublime  to  the  ridiculous."  Thus,  for  in- 
stance, the  first  line  conveys  to  the  mind  the  idea 
of  a  grand  and  magnificent  monarch  arrayed  in 
all  the  pomp  of  regal  splendour;  in  the  next  line 
his  majesty's  nether  garment  is  exhibited  in  a  ridi- 
culous light,  in  the  same  manner  that  Hogarth's 
"  Simon  Gripe,  pawnbroker,"  holds  up  that  neces- 
sary article  of  dress,  to  satisfy  himself  that  it  is 
neither  threadbare  nor  moth-eaten.  And  when 
at  the  conclusion  we  find  his  royal  majesty  hag- 
gling with  his  tailor  about  sixpence  in  a  pair  of 
crown  breeches,  we  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
he  was  anything  but  a  liberal  monarch.  But 
to  return :  the  next  entry  we  have  to  notice  is 
under  the  date  of 

«  Oct.  26,  1707.  Paid  Mr.  Phillips  for  catching  a  fox,  os." 

It  is  evident  that  Mr.  Phillips  was  no  fox-hunter, 
nor  the  parish  officer  who  paid  him  this  sum,  and 


that  too  out  of  the  poor-rates.  It  appears  as  if 
the  parishioners  were  resolved  to  protect  their 
poultry  from  reynard's  depredations,  and  there- 
fore set  a  price  upon  his  head.  We  may  suppose, 
at  the  present  day,  that  if  any  fox- hunter  saw  an 
item  of  this  kind  in  the  parish  accounts,  little 
hesitation  would  be  felt  in  drawing  a  pen  across 
it. 

"  Nov.  19, 1710.  Paid  at  Sidney's,  for  bear  at  Goodey 
Inman's  berril,  Is.  —  Paid  for  a  wascote  for  Cramphorne's 
boy,  and  bleeding  and  a  purg,  3s." 

The  overseer  who  ordered  this  was  probably  a 
humane  personage.  It  appears  that  after  this 
poor  lad  Cramphorne  had  been  well  bled  and 
physicked,  it  being  in  the  dreary  month  of  No- 
vember, the  parish  officer  generously  gave  him  a 
waistcoat  to  keep  out  the  cold.  We  may  say  of 
him,  in  the  words  of  honest  Tom  Dibdin,  — 

"  Prized  be  such  hearts ;  aloft  they  shall  go, 
Who  always  are  ready  compassion  to  show." 

"May  6, 1711.  Paid  for  a  cofen  for  Goodey  Keebl,  6s. — 
Paid  to  the  minister  and  clerk  for  berren  Goodey  Keebl,  5s. 
—  April  4,  1743.  It  is  agreed  this  day  that  any  towns- 
man that  has  a  yearly  servant  that  shall  have  any  bone 
or  bones  broken,  to  be  allowed  by  the  parish  the  charge 
thereof.  As  witness  our  hands  .  .  .  If  the  person  cannot 
pay  it  himself." 

The  concluding  proviso  shows  that  the  parish 
officers  wished  to  guard  against  the  imputation  of 
being  too  liberal  in  expending  their  funds. 

"April  11,  1748.  An  agreement  between  the  townsmen 
of  the  parish  and  Robert  Freeman,  to  take  the  boy  Isaac 
Hunt  for  nine  years,  and  to  release  him  double  suited,  and 
to  give  him  five  shillings  in  his  pocket." 

There  are  various  entries  in  the  book  similar  to 
the  above.  It  appears  to  have  been  thought  a 
great  favour  to  possess  two  suits  of  clothes  and 
five  shillings  in  money  after  nine  years'  servitude. 
The  probable  inference  is,  that  these  were  poor, 
friendless  lads,  whom  the  parishioners  thus  al- 
lotted out  amongst  themselves  according  to  their 
own  will  and  pleasure.  There  is  nothing  to  show 
that  the  boys  were  consenting  parties  to  these  ar- 
rangements. 

"Memorandum.  I  promise,  upon  being  released  from 
the  town  rates,  to  bury  all,  gratis,  that  are  concerned  with 
the  parish  officer,  and'don't  pay  scot  and  lot.— Allington 
Harrison,  vicar." 

This  clergyman  was  probably  a  quiet,  easy,  good- 
natured  man,  who  did  not  wish  to  keep  a  debtor 
and  creditor  account  with  his  parishioners,  and  so 
this  plan  was  adopted  to  save  trouble. 

The  following  is  extracted  from  Lord  Bray- 
brooke's  History  of  Audley  End,  in  which  there 
are  various  interesting  particulars  relating  to  the 
town  of  Saffron  Walden.  Amongst  the  extracts 
•which  are  given  from  the  parish  registers  we  find 
the  following : 

"  1611,  May  12.  Martha  Warde,  a  young  mayd  coming 
from  Chelmesford  on  a  carte,  was  overwhelmed  and  sir.o- 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


339 


thered  with  certayn  clothes  which  were  in  the  carte,  and 
was  buried  here.  — 1623,  Sept.  4.  Buryed  a  poore  man 
brought  by  the  Little  Chesterford  constables,  to  be  exa- 
mined by  the  justice;  the  justice  being  a  hunting,  the 
poore  man  died  before  his  coming  home  from  hunting." 

Perhaps  the  squire  had  a  longer  run  than  usual 
with  the  hounds  on  this  occasion. 

"  1716,  Xov.  18.  The  oulde  girle  from  the  workhouse 
was  buried." 

The  corporation  accounts  contain  some  singular 
items.  We  have  entries  of  money  paid  for  saffron 
given  to  the  "queen's  (Elizabeth)  attorney,"  and 
of  Is.  "  to  my  Lord  Staffourd's  players  ;"  a  large 
honorarium  of  10*.  having  been  paid  for  the  medi- 
ation of  the  Earl  of  Suffolk's  secretary ;  and  the 
sum  of  II.  9s.  3d.  for  "setting  uppe  the  cucking- 
stole."  Bailey  designates  this 

"  A  machine  formerly  used  for  the  punishment  of  scolds 
and  brawling  women,  in  which  they  were  placed  and 
lowered  into  a  river  or  pond,  until  they  were  almost 
choked  with  water." 

Happily  for  scolds,  this  ancient  method  of  "taming 
the  shrew  "  has  long  been  abolished.  Mrs.  Cau- 
dle, so  graphically  described  in  Punch,  would  have 
been  a  good  subject  for  this  sort  of  discipline. 

"  Paid  4tZ.  for  nailing  up  the  Quakers'  door  twice ;  and 
received  10s.  for  rent  of  the  mountebank." 

The  following  are  extracts  from  an  old  parish 
book  belonging  to  St.  Giles's,  London : 

"1641.  Eeceived  of  the  vintner,  at  'The  Cat'  in 
Queen  Street,  for  permitting  of  tippling  on  the  Lord's 
Day,  11.  10s. —  Received  of  three  poore  men  for  drinking 
on  the  sabbath  daie  at  Tottenham  Court,  4s. —  1645.  Re- 
ceived of  John  Seagood,  constable,  which  be  had  of  a 
Frenchman  for  swearing  three  oaths,  3s.  —  Received  of 
Mrs.  Sunder,  by  the  hands  of  Francis  Potter,  for  her  being 
drunk  and  swearing  seven  oaths,  12*.  — 1646.  Received 
of  Mr.  Hooker  for  brewing  on  a  fast-day,  2*.  Gd.  —  Payd 
and  given  to  Lyn  and  two  watchmen,  in  consideration  of 
their  pains,  and  the  breaking  of  two  halberts,  in  taking 
the  two  drunkards  and  swearers  that  paid,  I/.  4s.  —  Re- 
ceived of  fair-men  travelling  on  the  fast-day,  Is.  —  1648. 
Received  of  Isabella  Johnson,  at  the  Cole  Yard,  for  drink- 
ing on  the  sabbath  day,  4s." 

This  was  the  year  previous  to  that  in  which  King 
Charles  I.  was  beheaded.  It  appears  that  there 
were  persons  at  that  period  who  could  "  strain  at 
a  gnat  and  swallow  a  camel."  These  turbulent 
subjects  could  put  their  sovereign  to  death  ap- 
parently without  much  remorse  ;  but  to  brew  on 
a  fast-day,  or  to  be  found  travelling  on  those  days 
or  on  the  sabbath,  were  enormities  that  they  would 
by  no  means  tolerate.  With  respect  to  their  zeal 
against  tippling  and  swearing,  in  that  they  are  to 
be  commended. 

"1652.  Received  of  Mr.  Huxley  and  Mr.  Morris,  who 
were  riding  out  of  town  during  sermon  time  on  a  fast- 
day,  11s. —  1654.  Received  of  William  Glover  in  Queen 
Street,  and  of  Isaac  Thomas,  a  barber,  for  trimming  of 
beards  on  the  Lord's  day  [the  sum  not  stated].  — 1655. 
Received  of  a  mayd  taken  in  Mr.  Johnson's  ale-house  on 
the  sabbath  day,  5s.  —  Received  of  a  Scotchman  for 


drinking  at  Robert  Owen's  on  the  sabbath,  2s.  — 1658. 
Received  of  Joseph  Piers  for  refusing  to  open  his  doorea 
to  have  his  house  searched  on  the  Lord's  daie,  10s." 

1659.  There  is  an  entry  of  "one  Brookes' 3 
goods,  sold  for  a  breach  of  the  sabbath,"  but  the 
produce  is  not  set  down. 

The  following  memorandum  is  copied  from  an 
old  register  in  the  parish  of  Great  Easton  : 

"  Matthew  Tomlinson,  curate  of  this  parish,  left  Feb.  1, 
1730. 

To  my  Parishioners. 

Farewell,  dear  flock,  my  last  kind  wish  receive, 
The  only  tribute  that  I  now  can  give. 
May  my  past  labours  claim  a  just  regard, 
Great  is  the  prize,  and  glorious  the  reward ; 
Transcendent  joys,  surpassing  human  thought, 
To  meet  in  heaven  whom  I  on  earth  had  taught." 

In  concluding  this  account  of  parish  registers, 
it  may  be  mentioned  that,  many  years  since,  there 
was  a  good  old-fashioned  farmer,  James  Biddell 
by  name,  who  lived  at  Bradfield  St.  George,  near 
Bury,  who,  when  he  served  the  office  of  overseer, 
used  to  close  his  account  by  putting  down,  "  For 
bustling  about,  105."  The  parishioners  used  to 
smile  at  this  item  in  the  worthy  old  gentleman's 
account,  but  they  all  agreed  in  thinking  that  it 
was  a  very  moderate  charge  for  "  bustling  about " 
for  so  long  a  period  on  parish  business. 

G.  BLENCOWE. 

Manningtree. 

Curious  Extracts  from  Parish  Registers  in 
New  England.  —  The  following  notes  have  been 
recently  taken  from  the  records  of  the  old  church 
in  Andover,  Massachusetts  : 

"  January  17,  1712.  Voted  (under  protest)  yt  those 
persons  who  have  pews  sit  with  their  wives." 

"  Nov.  10th,  1713.  Granted  to  Richard  Barker  foure 
shillings,  for  his  extraordinary  trouble  in  swiping  our 
Meeting  House  ye  past  year." 

"March  17th,  1766.  Voted,  that  all  the  English 
women  in  the  parish,  who  marry  or  associate  with  negro 
or  mulatto  men,  be  seated  in  the  Meeting  House  with  the 
negro  women." 

"  In  1799  it  was  voted,  amid  much  opposition,  to  pro- 
cure a  bass  viol." 

Before  closing  this  Note,  might  I  ask  if  it  is  a 
custom  now,  or  ever  has  been,  in  any  part  of 
England,  for  the  head  and  male  members  of  a 
family  to  have  the  sittings  in  a  pew  nearest  the 
door  ?  If  so,  its  origin.  Such  is  the  custom  in 
America,  and  it  is  supposed  to  have  originated  in 
the  following  manner. 

In  former  times  it  was  customary  for  the 
Indians  to  attack  a  village  on  a  Sunday,  when 
they  thought  the  men  would  be  in  church,  and 
unprepared  to  receive  them.  The  savages  having 
been  successful  on  several  occasions,  it  became-  a 
necessary  precaution  for  all  the  males  to  go 
armed,  and  have  sittings  near  the  door  of  a  pew, 
to  be  enabled  on  the  first  alarm  to  leave  the  place 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261, 


where    they  were  congregated,   and   repel    the 
attack  of  their  enemies.  W.  W. 

Malta. 


BALLAD    ON    THE    ESCAPE    OF   CHARLES    II. 

If  the  subjoined  has  not  been  reprinted,  and  I 
cannot  discover  it  in  the  collections  at  present  ac- 
cessible to  me,  it  is  sure  to  be  an  acceptable  con- 
tribution to  "  U.  &  Q."  It  is  copied  from  the 
original  cotemporary  black-letter  broadside  in  my 
own  possession.  J.  O.  HALLIWELL. 

"  The  Royall  Oak,  or  tlie  wonderfull  Travelh,  miraculous 
Escapes,  strange  Accidents  of  his  sacred  J)fajesty  King 
Charles  the  Second. 

How  from  Worcester  fight,  by  a  good  hap,  our  royall 
King  made  an  escape : 

How  he  disrob'd  himself  of  things  that  precious  were, 

And  with  a  knife  cut  off  his  curled  hair : 

How  a  hollow  oak  his  palace  was  as  then ;  and  how 
King  Charles  became  a  serving  man. 

To  the  tune  of '  In  my  Freedom  is  all  my  Joy.' 

"  Come,  friends,  and  unto  me  draw  near; 
A  sorrowfull  dity  you  shall  hear. 
You  that  deny  your  lawfull  prince, 
Let  conscience  now  your  faults  convince, 
And  now  in  love  and  not  in  fear, 
Now  let  his  presence  be  your  joy, 

Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  The  relation  that  here  I  bring, 
Concerning  Charles  our  royall  King ; 
Through  what  dangers  he  hath  past, 
And  is  proclaimed  king  at  last. 
The  prince's  sorrows  we  will  sing, 
Which  the  Fates  sorely  did  annoy, 
And  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  After  Worcester  most  fatall  fight, 
When  that  King  Charles  was  put  to  flight, 
Then  many  men  their  lives  laid  down, 
To  bring  their  Sovereign  to  the  crown, 
The  which  was  a  most  glorious  sight ; 
Great  was  his  Majesties  convoy, 

Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  In  Worcester  battle,  fierce  and  hot, 
His  horse  twice  under  him  was  shot, 
And  by  a  wise  and  prudent  thrift, 
To  save  his  life  was  forced  to  shift. 
Without  difficulty  it  was  not, 
Providence  did  him  safely  convoy, 

Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  And  being  full  of  discontents, 
Stript  off  his  princel3T  ornaments ; 
Thus,  full  of  troubles  and  of  cares, 
A  knife  cut  off  his  curled  hairs. 
Whereby  the  hunters  he  prevents ; 
God  did  in  mercy  him  convoy, 

So  that  they  could  not  him  destroj-. 

"A  chain  of  gold  he  gave  away, 
Worth  three  hundred  pounds  that  day; 
In  this  disguise  by  honest  thrift, 
Command  all  for  themselves  to  shift, 
With  o:ie  friend  both  night  and  day, 
Poor  prince  alone  to  God's  convoy, 
His  foes  they  could  not  him  destroy. 


"  These  two  wandred  into  a  wood, 
Where  a  hollow  oak  there  stood, 
And  for  his  precious  lives  dear  sake 
Did  of  that  oak  his  palace  make ; 
His  friend  towards  night  provided  food, 
So  their  precious  lives  they  did  enjoy, 
Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  Lord  Willmot,  most  valiant  and  stout, 
He  was  pursued  by  the  rout ; 
Was  hid  in  a  fiery  kiln  of  mault, 
And  so  escaped  the  souldiers'  assault, 
Which  searched  all  the  house  about, 
Not  dreaming  the  kiln  was  his  convoy, 
Which  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  The  Second  Part.     To  the  tame  tune. 

a  And  relates  King  Charles  his  miseries, 
Which  forced  tears  from  tender  eyes. 
Mistress  Lane  entreats  him  earnestly 
For  to  find  out  his  Majesty, 
And  him  to  save  she  would  devise ; 
Unto  her  house  they  him  convoy, 

Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  King  Charles  a  livery  cloak  wore  than, 
And  became  a  serving-man, 
And  westward  rode  towards. the  sea, 
Intended  transported  to  be ; 
And  Mistress  Lane  now  please  he  can. 
Which  was  the  King's  safest  convoy, 
Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  In  accident  of  great  renown, 
As  they  were  for  to  ride  throw  a  town. 
A  troop  of  horse  stood  crosse  the  street ; 
Then  jealousie  the  King  did  greet, 
And  Fortune  seem'd  on  him  to  frown ; 
He  thought  the  Fates  would  him  annoy, 
Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  The  captain  commanded  his  men 
To  the  right  and  left  to  open  then, 
For  harmlesse  travellers  he  them  did  take, 
And  an  interest  for  them  did  make ; 
And  so  they  passed  on  again, 
Unto  King"  Charles's  no  small  joy, 

Whom  God  in  rnercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  His  mistress,  coming  to  her  in, 
Left  William  her  man  in  the  kitchen ; 
The  cook-maid  askt  where  he  was  born, 
And  what  trade  that  he  did  learn. 
To  frame  his  excuse  he  did  begin ; 
Thus  his  sorrow  was  turn'd  to  joy, 

Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  To  answer  mild  he  thus  begun  : 
'  At  lirumigam  a  nailer's  son  ; ' 
Then  said  the  maid,  'The  jack  stands  .still, 
Pray  wind  it  up,  if  that  you  will.' 
Which  he  did,  suspition  to  shun, 
And  somewhat  did  the  same  annoy, 
Yet  did  not  the  same  quite  destroy. 

"  As  those  that  were  by  do  say, 
He  went  about  it  the  wrong  way, 
Which  angred  the  maid  the  same  to  see. 
She  call'd  him  a  clownish  boobee, 
In  all  my  life  that  ever  I  saw ; 
Her  railing  cau.s'd  him  laugh  for  joy, 
Whom  God  in  mercy  would  not  destroy. 

"  After  many  weeks  in  jeopardy 
He  was  wafted  into  Normandy ; 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


341 


The  God  of  heaven  for  his  person  car'd, 
The  ship-master  had  a  great  reward. 
Thus  the  good  Prince  from  hence  did  flye ; 
To  suffer  hardship  he  was  not  coy, 
Which  now  will  be  this  nation's  ioy. 

"J.  W. 

"  FINIS. 

"  London,  printed  for  Charles  Tyns  on  London  Bridge." 


FORMS   OF   PBAYEB. 

In  the  year  1661,  two  forms  of  prayer  for  the 
31st  of  January,  differing  materially  from  each 
other,  were  put  forth  by  royal  authority.  The 
first  was  "  published  by  his  Majestie's  Direction," 
and  "  printed  by  John  Bill,  Printer  to  the  King's 
Most  Excellent  Majesty,  1661."  The  second  was 
"  published  by  His  Majestie's  command,"  and 
"  printed  by  John  Bill  and  Christopher  Barker, 
printers,  &c.,  1661."  At  the  end  of  the  first  form, 
after  the  name  of  the  printer,  are  the  words,  "  at 
the  king's  printing  house  in  Black-Fryers,"  which 
do  not  occur  in  the  other. 

The  second  form  was  submitted  to  convocation 
in  1661.  Several  very  material  alterations  were 
introduced ;  and  in  1662  the  office  thus  altered 
was  appended  to  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 

The  two  forms  of  1661  differ  very  much  in  the 
Collects  and  Prayers.  In  the  first  office,  some 
remarkable  petitions  occur,  among  which  is  the 
following : 

"That  we  may  be  made  worthy  by  their  prayers, 
•which  they,  in  communion  with  thy  Church  Catholick, 
offer  up  for  that  part  of  it  here  militant." 

This  allusion  to  Charles  I.,  and  to  other  saints  and 
martyrs,  was  altogether  omitted  in  the  second  form. 

Few  of  our  writers  have  been  aware  of  the 
existence  of  these  two  forms,  and  hence  various 
erroneous  statements  have  been  put  forth ;  some 
authors  having  seen  only  the  first,  while  others 
•were  ignorant  of  the  second.  Thus  Robinson,  a 
dissenter,  in  his  Review  of  the  Case  of  Liturgies,  fyc., 
quoted  the  above  petition  in  order  to  condemn 
the  Church  of  England.  Kennet,  replying  to 
Robinson's  charge,  in  his  Register  and  Chronicle, 
asserted  that  no  such  petition  existed.  He  even 
charged  Robinson  with  dishonesty.  "  The  invent- 
ing and  improving  such  a  story,"  says  he,  "  took  its 
rise  from  these  words  :  '  we  beseech  thee,  let  not 
his  blood  outcry  those  his  prayers,' "  &c.  Yet 
Robinson  had  quoted  the  title  of  the  first  correctly, 
while  Kennet  gives  that  of  the  second.  Grey,  in 
his  reply  to  Neal,  noticing  Bennet's  charge,  de- 
fends the  petition.  He  was  acquainted  with  the 
two  forms ;  but  he  falls  into  the  error  of  sup- 
posing that  the  second  form  was  the  same  as  that 
which  was  sanctioned  by  Convocation,  and  ap- 
pended to  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  in  1662. 

I  am  anxious  to  discover  copies  of  the  earlier 
form  containing  the  clause  which  I  have  quoted. 


There  is  a  copy  in  the  Bodleian,  and  I  have  one 
in  my  own  possession.  Some  of  your  readers  may 
probably  be  able  to  mention  others. 

I  shall  be  obliged  also  to  be  informed  of  a  copy 
of  the  following  work  : 

"  The  Epystles  and  Gospels,  of  Every  Sondaye  and 
Holy  Daye  thorow  out  the  hole  Yeare,  after  the  Churche 
of  England.  Imprinted  at  London  in  the  Flete  Strete  at 
the  Sygne  of  the  Rose  Garland,  by  me  Wyllyam  Copland. 
Anno  JI.D.L.  The  xiii.  Daye  of  May.  16mb." 

THOMAS  LATHBUET. 


"BELTED  WILL   — LOED  HOWAEE. 

The  publication  of  a  recent  work  on  the  Castles 
of  Northumberland  has  directed  afresh  much 
attention  to  the  interesting  and  stirring  history 
of  the  celebrated  Lord  William  Howard  —  the 
renowned  "Belted  Will"  —  of  whom,  it  will  be 
remembered,  Sir  Walter  Scott  speaks  in  his 
charming  Border  Minstrelsy.  What  is  already 
known  of  the  gallant  chief,  makes  it  a  subject  of 
deep  regret  that  no  one  has  yet  been  found  to  do 
justice  to  his  character,  and  at  the  same  time 
illustrate  the  state  of  society  at  the  period  when 
his  name  was  a  watchword  on  the  borders.  Such 
a  history,  well  written,  would  be  one  of  the  most 
interesting  and  valuable  contributions  to  the  re- 
cords of  a  past  condition  of  society  —  a  "  transition 
state,"  which  would  furnish  the  most  curious  and 
suggestive  contrasts  ;  and  it  is  understood,  that 
among  the  family  muniments  in  possession  of  Lord 
William  Howard's  descendants,  there  are  ample 
materials  for  such  a  work.  Mr.  Robert  Rawlinson, 
C.E.,  in  his  admirable  Report  to  the  General  Board 
of  Health  on  the  Sanitary  Condition,  Sj-c.  of  Mor- 
peth,  remarks,  that  "  Belted  Will"  did  more  than 
any  baron  of  that  period  for  the  advancement  of 
civilisation  on  the  borders. 

"  As  Warden  of  the  Western  Marches,"  he  adds,  "  he 
repressed  with  rigour  the  excesses  of  his  day.  Distin- 
guished as  he  was  for  his  martial  character  and  love  of 
justice;  his  literary  habits  and  tastes,  and  the  industry 
and  energy  •with  which  he  pursued  them,  were  still  more 
remarkable  for  the  period  in  which  he  lived ;  and  his 
strong,  bold,  easy  writing  is  familiar  to  the  antiquary  .  .  . 
His  marching  was  not  to  burn,  destroy,  and  plunder ;  but 
to  vindicate  the  laws  in  force,  and  to  repress  and  punish 
crime.  He  was  probably  the  most  extraordinary  man  of 
that  period ;  besides  'keeping  the  border  '  he  wrote  much, 
and  frequently  signed  himself '  Will  Howard.'  " 

It  is  stated  that,  to  this  day,  freemen  of  Morpeth 
are  made,  and  their  rights  regulated,  according 
to  by-laws  framed  and  drawn  up  by  this  celebrated 
warrior  and  local  legislator.  Among  the  family 
records  of  the  illustrious  Howards,  there  are,  it  is 
believed,  ample  materials  for  memoirs  of  their  able 
ancestor.  The  literature  of  our  country  would  Have 
to  boast  the  acquisition  of  another  bright  jewel,  if 
the  present  Earl  of  Carlisle  would  undertake  such 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261. 


a   task.      Would  that   lie   could   be   tempted   to 
achieve  it !  JAMES  J.  SCOTT. 

Downshire  Hill,  Hampstead. 


NATIONAL    BENEFACTORS. 

Will  you  allow  me  to  suggest  that  under  the 
above  heading  might  be  made  a  most  interesting 
list  —  one  peculiarly  within  the  province  of  "  N. 
&  Q.,"  and  one  to  which  most  of  your  numerous 
and  intelligent  correspondents  will  be  ready  to 
add  —  of  men  who,  by  introducing  some  plant, 
invention,  or  custom,  theretofore  unknown  in  this 
country,  have  either  rendered  themselves  no- 
torious, or  have  deserved  well  of  their  country  ? 
"  N.  &  Q."  should  rescue  from  oblivion  such 
names  :  I  send  a  contribution  as  a  beginning,  and 
hope  more  will  follow  : 

"  Pines  were  first  grown  in  this  country  by  Rose, 
gardener  to  Charles  II.  They  grow  in  Burmah,  but  are 
not  appreciated  by  the  natives,  who  prefer  eating  lizards, 
snakes,  and  animals  that  have  died  of  diseases."  —  Glou- 
cester Journal,  July  16,  1853. 

"  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  introduced  the  potato.*  Sir  An- 
thony Ashley,  the  ancestor  of  Lord  Shaftesbury,  first 
planted  cabbages  in  this  country,  and  a  cabbage  appears 
at  his  feet  on  his  monument.  Sir  Richard  Weston  brought 
over  clover  grass  from  Flanders  in  1645.  Figs  were 
planted  in  Henry  VIII.'s  reign,  at  Lambeth,  by  Cardinal 
Pole ;  and  it  is  said  the  identical  trees  are  yet  remaining. 
Spelman,  who  erected  the  first  paper-mill  at  Dartford  in 
1590,  brought  over  the  first  two  lime-trees,  which  he 
planted  at  Dartford,  and  which  are  still  growing  there. 
Thomas  Lord  Cromwell  enriched  the  gardens  of  England 
with  three  different  kinds  of  plums.  It  was  Evelyn,  whose 
patriotism  was  not  exceeded  by  his  learning,  who  largely 
propagated  the  noble  oak  in  this  country ;  so  much  so, 
that  the  trees  which  he  planted  have  supplied  the  navy 
of  Great  Britain  with  its  chief  proportion  of  that  timber. 
Cherries  were  first  planted  in  Kent  by  the  Knights 
Templars,  who  brought  them  from  the  East. ;  and  the  first 
mulberry  trees  were  also  planted  in  Kent  by  the  Knights 
of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem."  —  Correspondent  of  South- 
Eastern  Gazette,  July  12,  1853. 

With  reference  to  Sir  Richard  Weston,  men- 
tioned above,  I  beg  to  add  the  following  extract, 
from  Britton  and  Brayley's  History  of  Surrey 
(1850),  vol.  ii.  p.  19.  : 

"  Aubrey  says  (iii.  229.), '  Sir  Richard  Weston  brought 
the  first  clover  grass,  about  1645,  out  of  Brabant  or 
Flanders.'  The  introduction  of  turnips,  and  also  of  sain- 
foin, is  also  attributed  to  him,  and  his  memory  is  still 
revered  by  every  inhabitant  of  Surrey  acquainted  with  his 
deeds.  He  died  in  1652.  According  to  Manning,  '  he 
first  introduced  the  method  of  collecting  water  for  the 
purpose  of  navigation  by  locks  erected  thereon,  which  he 
brought  with  him  out  of  Flanders ;  and  it  was  under  his 
direction  that  the  plan  for  rendering  the  Wey  navigable 

[*  Dr.  Smith  Barton  has  pointed  out  the  very  common 
error,  that  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  introduced  this  useful 
vegetable  from  Virginia.  It  was  first  described  by  Caspar 
Bauhin  in  1590,  and  afterwards  brought  into  this  country, 
whence  it  was  dispersed  over  Europe.  See  Thomson's 
Lectures  on  the  Elements  of  Botany.  ] 


from  the  Thames  to  Guildford  (by  a  bill  brought  into  the 
House  of  Commons  Dec.  26,  1650,  and  passed  into  an  act 
June  26,  1651),  was  carried  into  execution.'  (Surrey, 
vol.  i.  p.  134.)  " 

TEE  BEE. 
Hornsey  Road. 


Sevastopol  Twenty  Years  since,  and  its  anticipated 
Attack  by  the  English.  — 

"Ce  qui  m'avait  le  plus  frappe  a  Sevastopol,  c'e'tait  de 
voir  ce  port  de  guerre  si  fortifie  du  cote  de  la  mer,  tandis 
que  du  cote  de  terre  il  n'etait  a  1'abris  du  plus  faible  coup 
de  main.  La  ville,  dans  tout  son  pourtour,  etait  com- 
pletement  ouverte ;  pas  une  porte,  pas  le  plus  leger  petit 
rempart.  Toutes  les  rues  debouchaieut  sur  une  immense 
place  vague,  et  pour  ainsi  dire  dans  la  steppe  ou  s'ega- 
raient  maints  chemins,  maints  sentiers,  a  Balaklava,  a 

Tchorgouna,  au  Monastere  de  Saint  George 

Aujourd'hui,  je  suppose  que  tout  ceci  a  change,  et  que 
1'idee  qui  etait  venue,  que  les  Anglais  en  cas  de  guerre 
pourraient  operer  une  descente  sur  un  point  quelconque 
de  la  Chersonese,  et  tourner  ainsi  la  position  de  Sevas- 
topol, aura  fait  construire  le  mur  d'enceinte  projete  pour 
sa  defense.  La  ville  n'y  gagnera  pas  en  agrement ;  mats 
la  premiere  condition  d'une  ville  de  guerre,  s'est  de  pou- 
voir  se  defendre." — Dubois  de  Montpereux,  Voyage  au- 
tour  du  Caucase,  tome  vi.  p.  213. 

X.  Y. 

The  Emperor  of  Morocco  pensioned  by  England. 
—  The  privy-purse  and  secret  service  expenses, 
extending  from  March,  1721,  to  March,  1725, 
published  in  1725,  contain  an  extraordinary 
number  of  gifts  to  the  piratical  princes  of  North 
Africa.  If  not  designed  for  the  deliverance  of 
captives,  what  was  the  policy  which  dictated,  in 
George  I.,  this  courtesy  to  savages  ? 

"To  Charles  Stuart,  Esq.,  late  Plenipo-       £      s.    d. 
tentiarj',  to  negotiate  a  peace  with  the 
Emperor  of  Morocco,  on  his  allowance     1641     0     0 

To  George  Hudson,  as  a  present  from  his 

Majesty  to  the  Dey  of  Algiers    -        -      520     0     0 

To  John  Adams  of  London,  merchant,  for 

presents  to  the  Emperor  of  Morocco    -    2000     0     0 

To  Charles  Stuart,  Esq.,  for  things  pre- 
sented by  his  Majesty  to  the  Emperor 
of  Morocco 1257  0  0 

To  William  Day,  woollen-draper,  for 
cloth  as  a  present  to  the  Emperor  of 
Morocco  - 3911  7  5 

To  Sir  Clement  Cotterell,  Knt,  Master  of 
the  Ceremonies,  as  a  present  to  Isuff 
Chogia,  from  the  Bey  of  Tunis,  and  to 
his  servant,  and  for  their  charges,  and 
their  voyage  back  -  540  14  0 

To  Sir  Clement  Cotterell,  as  a  present  to 

the  Morocco  ambassador    -  847     1     0 

To  Moses  Beranger,  Esq.,  for  credit  to 
Captain  Charles  Stuart,  Plenipoten- 
tiary at  Morocco,  and  for  Bills  of 
Exchange 5298  3  4 

To  John  Adams,  merchant,  for  the  en- 
largement of  the  British  captives  in 
Morocco  ------  1621  17  6" 

J.  WAYLEN. 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


343 


"  Don  Quixote."  —  The  reason  why  the  real 
characters  of  Don  Quixote  have  remained  so  long 
concealed,  is  to  be  attributed  to  our  reading  the 
book  only  for  amusement  before  the  age  of  mature 
reflection.  That  such  keen  and  unrivalled  satire 
was  intended  for  some  ruling  folly  of  the  day, 
there  can  be  no  doubt ;  and  many  thinkers  ap- 
prove of  the  following  remarks.  History  tells  us 
that  Ignatius  Loyola  died  when  Cervantes  was  a 
youth,  and  that  the  foundation  of  Jesuitism  was 
the  dominant  mania  of  that  time  ;  but  Cervantes 
dared  not  to  expose  the  real  intention  of  his  im- 
mortal work.  Recent  travellers  in  Spain  tell  us 
that  every  kind  of  crime  and  vice,  even  now,  in 
that  country,  is  hallowed  by  a  few  Ave  Marias ;  and 
so  Don  Quixote,  who  personified  Ignatius  Loyola, 
appeased  the  wrath  of  Heaven  on  his  adventures 
by  appealing  to  the  all-powerful  protection  of  the 
Virgin  Mary,  in  the  name  of  Dulcinea  del  Toboso. 
The  domestic  establishment  of  Don  Quixote  cor- 
responded with  those  of  the  present  priests  in 
Spain,  viz.,  a  very  old  man,  or  a  very  old  woman, 
and  a  niece ;  almost  every  page  confirms  the 
opinion  advanced,  and  may  be  verified  by  any 
reader.  J.  B.  P. 

Regimental  Colours  burnt  by  the  Common 
Hangman.  — 

"  Fourteen  rebel  colours  taken  at  Culloden  were  brought 
to  Edinburgh  on  the  31st  of  May  (1746),  and  lodged  in 
the  Castle.  On  Wednesday  the  4th  of  June,  at  noon, 
they  were  brought  down  to  the  Cross,  the  Pretender's 
own  standard  carried  by  the  hangman,  and  the  rest  by 
chimney-sweepers,  escorted  by  a  detachment  of  Lee's 
regiment.  The  sheriffs,  attended  by  the  heralds,  purse- 
vants,  trumpets,  city  constables,  &c.,  and  escorted  by  the 
city  guard,  walked  out  from  the  parliament  close  to  the 
Cross,  where  proclamation  was  made  by  the  eldest  herald, 
that  the  colours  belonging  to  the  rebels  were  ordered  by 
the  Duke  (of  Cumberland)  to  be  burnt  by  the  hands  of 
the  common  hangman.  The  Pretender's  own  standard 
was  then  put  into  a  fire  prepared  for  the  purpose,  and 
afterwards  all  the  rest  one  by  one,  a  herald  always  pro- 
claiming to  whom  each  belonged,  the  trumpets  sounding, 
and  the  populace,  of  which  there  was  a  great  number  as- 
sembled, huzzaing.  A  fifteenth  standard  was  burnt  at 
Edinburgh  witli  like  solemnity,  and  another  at  Glasgow 
on  the  25th.  We  have  not  heard  that  the  device  of  a 
crown  and  a  coffin,  or  the  motto  '  Tandem  Triumphans,' 
was  upon  any  of  these,  and  it  is  doubted  if  ever  there  was 
any  such  standard,  though  it  was  currently  so  reported." 
—  (Scots'  Magazine  for  June,  1746,  vol.  viii.  p.  288. 

G.  N. 

"  An  old  bird  not  to  be  caught  with  chaff." — It 
has  been  recently  stated  in  an  American  journal, 
that  this  common  adage  is  not  always  correct.  To 
verify  the  statement,  it  is  recorded  that  an  old 
man  of  seventy-three  years  has  recently  married 
Mrs.  Sophia  Chaff,  a  buxom  widow  of  thirty. 

W.  W. 

Malta. 

Typography.  —  The  following  extract  from  a 
letter  of  Masstlinus  to  Kepler,  written  from  Tu- 


bingen in  1596,  shows  a  state  of  things  which  has 
long  been  amended.  Any  compositor  would  now 
throw  tables  into  type  as  well  as  the  calculator 
could  show  him  how  to  do  it. 

"  Tabularum  autem  descriptio  mihi  valde  laboriosa  est, 
quia  non  script*  fuerunt  a  veruin  typographicarum  perito. 
Hinc  nullus  typothetarum  operi  manus  admovere  potest : 
ipse  cogor  typothetam  agere." 

M. 

Sinope.  —  The  Siege  of  Sinope ;  a  Tragedy,  by 
Mrs.  Brooke,  London,  1781.  The  following  verses 
are  from  the  conclusion  of  the  tragedy : 

"  Power  Supreme ! 

Great  Universal  Lord !  from  this  fair  hour 
Let  Cappadocia's  sons,  with  Pontus  join'd, 
Beneath  a  milder  sway  forget  their  toils ! 
Though  long  divided  by  the  arts  of  Rome  [Puissia  now], 
Whose  wild  ambition  sets  the  world  in  arms. 
The  kindred  nations  in  each  other's  blood 
Their  frantic  swords  imbrued.    Do  thou  inspire 
The  gentler  purpose!     And,  amid  the  joys 
Of  sacred  peace,  a  firm,  united  band, 
Be  it  their  glory  to  obey  the  laws 
Fram'd  for  the  general  good ;  and  ours  to  find 
The  wreathe  of  conquest  in  our  people's  love." 

SCOTUS. 

Sharp  Practice. — The  following  instance  of 
sharp  practice  is  so  extraordinary  if  true,  that  it 
is  perhaps  worthy  of  being  preserved  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
The  extract  is  from  the  London  Chronicle,  Jan. 
11—13,  1781  : 

"An  attorney  in  Dublin,  having  dined  by  invitation 
with  his  client  several  days,  pending  a  suit,  charged 
6s.  8d.  for  each  attendance,  which  was  allowed  by  the 
Master  on  taxing  costs.  In  return  for  this,  the  client 
furnished  the  master-attorney  with  a  bill  for  his  eating 
and  drinking;  which  the  attorney  refusing  to  pay,  the 
client  brought  his  action  and  recovered  the  amount  of  his 
charge.  But  he  did  not  long  exult  in  his  victory;  for, 
in  a  few  days  after,  the  attorney  lodged  an  information 
against  him  before  Commissioners  of  Excise,  for  retailing 
wine  without  a  licence ;  and  not  being  able  to  controvert 
the  fact,  to  avoid  an  increase  of  costs  he  submitted  by 
advice  of  counsel  to  pay  the  penalty,  a  great  part  of  which 
went  to  the  attorney  as  informer." 

FRAS.  BRENT. 

Sandgate. 

The  Crimea  and  the  23rd  Regiment.  —  Thirty 
centuries  since  the  Crimea  was  the  hunting- 
ground  of  the  Cimmerioi,  a  people  who,  on  the 
invasion  of  their  country  by  the  Scythians,  fought 
a  desperate  battle  among  themselves  on  the  ques- 
tion of  resistance  or  non-resistance  ;  and  then, 
having  very  probably  become  hors  de  combat, 
abandoned  the  land  to  the  invaders.^  This  cir- 
cumstance in  itself  seems  sufficient  to  identify  the 
Cimmerioi  with  the  Celt£e,  whose  valour  was  so 
often  and  so  fatally  expended  on  internal  quarrels. 
This  was  ever  the  great  error  of  the  Cymry,  or 
Welsh,  who  thus  appear  to  be  one  in  name  and 
manners  with  the  ancient  Cimmerioi.  The  tra- 
ditions of  the  Cymry  point  to  the  Gwlad  yr  Haf 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261. 


(Summer  Land),  or  the  Crimea,  as  their  original 
home,  and  that  they  emigrated  under  their  leader 
Hu  Gadarn,  seeking  a  land  where  they  could 
dwell  in  peace.  This  evidently  alludes  to  the 
Gwlad  yr  Haf  having  become  the  scene  of  war 
and  bloodshed ;  and  their  wanderings  are  stated 
to  have  continued  until  their  arrival  in  the  Island 
of  Britain.  After  the  revolutions  of  ages  a  mighty 
expedition  has  sailed  from  Britain  and  landed  in 
the  Crimea;  and  in  that  expedition  some  of  the 
descendants  of  the  Cimmerioi  have  returned  to 
their  mam-wlad  (mother-land),  where  many  of 
them,  with  that  "heroic  gallantry"  which  has 
conquered  on  numberless  fields  of  fame,  have 
fought  and  died,  and  been  covered  with  earth 
among  the  barrows  of  their  "  old  fathers." 

GOMER. 


tfbtofof. 

THE    AUTHOR   OF    "  VATHEK." 

In  a  note  on  the  lines  in  Childe  Harold's  Pil- 
grimage, referring  to  the  celebrated  owner  of 
Fonthill,  Beckford,  as  — 

"  Vathek !  England's  wealthiest  son." 
Moore  remai-ks  that  — 

"  It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that,  after  a  lapse  of  fifty 
years,  Mr.  Beckford's  literary  reputation  should  continue 
to  rest  entirely  on  his  juvenile,  however  remarkable,  per- 
formances. It  is  said,  however,  that  he  has  prepared 
several  works  for  posthumous  publication." 

As  is  well  known,  Vathek  originally  appeared  in 
French  in  1784.  Byron's  Life  and  Letters  (edited 
by  Thomas  Moore),  published  in  1832,  contains 
the  above-cited  passage.  Now,  two  years  after 
(1834),  the  literary  world  was  agreeably  surprised 
by  a  fresh  work  from  the  pen  of  the  author  of  the 
gorgeous  eastern  tale  before  mentioned.  This 
contained  his  travels  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  Portugal 
(undertaken  more  than  fifty  years  prior  to  the 
appearance  of  this  record  of  them)  ;  while,  in  1835, 
another  volume  was  published,  describing  Mr. 
Beckford's  Excursions  to  the  Monasteries  of  Alco- 
Itaqa  and  Satalha,  made  in  1794.  After  noting  the 
above,  my  Query  is,  Do  these  volumes  of  travel 
form  and  constitute  the  "several  works"  which 
Moore  (writing  two  years  before  the  publication 
of  the  earlier  of  those  two  works)  states  he  be- 
lieved to  have  been  prepared  by  Beckford  "  for 
posthumous  publication?"  The  talent  displayed 
in  all  the  productions  of  "  England's  wealthiest 
son,"  would  make  one  hope  that  they  did  not ; 
and  that  the  family  still  possess  "  several  works," 
and  will,  ere  long,  favour  the  world  with  the  op- 
portunity of  perusing  them.  Much  too  of  the  cor- 
respondence of  one  who  had  such  highly  finished 
and  cultivated  taste  in  art,  and  such  ability  in 
composition,  and  such  a  singularly  gorgeous  as 


well  as  original  fancy,  must  surely  be  well  worth 
preserving  and  preparing  for  general  circulation. 
Many  a  reader  of  "  JST.  &  Q."  would,  it  is  safe  to 
assert,  be  grateful  for  a  satisfactory  reply  to  the 
above  interrogations.  JAMES  J.  SCOTT. 

Downshire  Hill,  Hampstead. 


COLONEL   CAELOS. 

Being  anxious  to  form  a  pedigree  of  the  family 
of  Carlos,  I  should  esteem  it  a  favour  if  any  of 
your  correspondents  would  give  me  their  assist- 
ance by  furnishing  me  with  any  particulars  of 
the  descendants  of  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
preservers  of  Charles  II.  J.  Hughes,  Esq.,  M.A., 
in  his  excellent,  but  now  scarce,  compilation  of 
the  Boscobel  Tracts,  states  that  "  Col.  William 
Carlos  left  nearly  the  whole  of  his  property 
to  his  adopted  son,  Edward  Carlos,  then  of 
Worcester,  apothecary,  and  his  issue."  What 
relationship,  if  any,  existed  between  them  does 
not  appear.  On  a  double  silver  seal  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Clothiers'  Company,  at  Worcester, 
and  now  somewhat  wealthy  and  aristocratic  body, 
there  is  engraved  the  following  names :  "  John 
Phillips,  Anthony  Careless,  Wardens,  1665."  Was 
this  Anthony  Carless  (Carlis,  Carlos,  or  Carless, 
for  the  name  is  variously  spelt)  the  father  of  the 
above  Edward  Carlos  ?  There  must  have  been  some 
circumstance  connected  with  this  seal  from  its 
being  held  in  great  reverence  by  the  members  of 
the  Company  up  to  the  present  day  ;  for  it  is  still 
customary,  at  the  annual  entertainments,  for  the 
High  Master  to  wear  it  suspended  by  a  ribbon 
round  his  neck.  It  has  also  engraved  on  it  the 
arms  of  the  city  of  Worcester  impaling  the  Cloth- 
workers'.  Perhaps  your  learned  and  worthy  cor- 
respondent J.  M.  G.,  who,  if  I  recollect  rightly, 
is  a  member  of  this  ancient  Society  —  albeit  not  a 
clothworker  —  and  having  in  consequence  free 
access  to  its  records,  may  be  able  to  throw  some 
light  upon  the  subject.  This  Anthony  Careless, 
from  an  inscription  still  in  existence  in  All  Saints' 
Church,  died  on  Jan.  5,  1670,  aged  sixty ;  and  is 
there  styled  "  an  eminent  citizen  of  this  city." 
The  last  descendant,  I  believe,  of  this  gentleman, 
died  at  Powick,  near  Worcester,  in  1853,  aged 
eighty-four  ;  he  was  an  apothecary,  and  for  many 
years  resided  in  the  parish  of  All  Saints.  On  his 
monument,  in  Powick  Church,  to  which  village  he 
retired  many  years  since,  is  sculptured  the  arms 
granted  by  King  Charles  II.  to  his  preserver,  the 
Colonel  Carlis,  on  whose  lap  the  king  is  said  to 
have  slept  whilst  hiding  in  the  Royal  Oak  at  Bos- 
cobel,  with  the  motto  : 

"  Subditus  fidelis  regis  et  regni  salus." 

J.  B.  WHITBORNE. 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AXD  QUERIES. 


345 


"ROBINSON  CRUSOE"  —  WHO  WROTE  IT? 

D'Israeli,  in  his  ever-charming  Curiosities  of 
Literature,  expresses  boldly  the  opinion  that  — 

"  No  one  had,  or  perhaps  could  have  converted  the 
history  of  Selkirk  into  the  wonderful  story  we  possess  but 
De  Foe  himself." 

So  have  we  all  been  accustomed  to  believe,  from 
those  careless  happy  days  of  boyhood,  when  we 
pored  intently  over  the  entrancing  pages  of  Robin- 
son Crusoe ;  and  wished  that  we  also  could  have 
a  desert  island,  a  summer  bower,  and  a  winter 
cave-retreat,  as  well  as  he.  But  there  is,  alas ! 
some  slight  ground  at  least  for  believing,  that 
De  Foe  did  not  write  that  immortal  tale,  or,  at  all 
events,  the  better  portion  of  it,  viz.  the  first  part 
or  volume  of  the  work.  In  Sir  H.  Ellis's  Letters 
of  Eminent  Literary  Men  (Camdeu  Soc.  Pub., 
1843,  vol.  xxiii.),  p.  420.,  Letter  cxxxiv.  is  from 
*'  Daniel  De  Foe  to  the  Earl  of  Halifax,  engaging 
himself  to  his  Lordship  as  a  political  Writer."  In 
a  note  by  the  editor,  a  curious  anecdote  is  given, 
quoted  from  "  a  volume  of  Memoranda  in  the 
handwriting  of  Thomas  Warton,  the  poet-laureate, 
preserved  in  the  British  Museum,"  in  relation  to 
the  actual  authorship  of  the  Life  and  Adventures 
of  Robinson  Crusoe.  The  extract  is  as  follows  : 

«  Mem.,  Jul.  10,  1774.  In  the  year  1759, 1  was  told  by 
the  Kev.  Mr.  Benjamin  Holloway,  Rector  of  Middleton, 
Stoney,  in  Oxfordshire,  then  about  seventy  years  old, 
and,  in  the  early  part  of  his  life,  domestic  chaplain  to 
Lord  Sunderland,  that  he  had  often  heard  Lord  Sunder- 
land  say  that  Lord  Oxford,  while  prisoner  in  the  Tower 
of  London,  wrote  the  first  volume  of  the  History  of  Robinson 
Crusoe,  merely  as  an  amusement  under  confinement ;  and 
gave  it  to  Daniel  De  Foe,  who  frequently  visited  Lord 
Oxford  in  the  Tower,  and  was  one  of  his  pamphlet  writers. 
That  De  Foe,  by  Lord  Oxford's  permission,  printed  it  as 
his  own,  and,  encouraged  by  its  extraordinary  success, 
added  himself  the  second  volume,  the  inferiority  of  which 
is  generally  acknowledged.  Mr.  Holloway  also  told  me, 
from  Lord  Sunderland,  that  Lord  Oxford  dictated  some  parts 
of  the  manuscript  to  De  Foe.  Mr.  Holloway  (\Varton  adds) 
was  a  grave  conscientious  clergyman,  not  vain  of  telling 
anecdotes,  very  learned,  particularly  a  good  orientalist, 
author  of  some  theological  tracts,  bred  at  Eaton  School, 
and  a  Master  of  Arts  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge  .  .  . 
He  used  to  say  that  Robinson  Crusoe,  at  its  first  publi- 
cation, and  for  some  time  afterwards,  was  universally  re- 
ceived and  credited  as  a  genuine  history.  A  fictitious 
narrative  of  this  sort  was  then  a  new  thing." 

Besides,  it  may  be  added,  the  real  and  somewhat 
similar  circumstances  of  Alexander  Selkirk's  soli- 
tary abode  of  four  years  and  four  months  on  the 
island  of  Juan  Fernandez,  had,  only  a  few  years 
previously,  been  the  subject  of  general  conver- 
sation, and  had  therefore  prepared  the  public 
mind  for  the  possibility,  if  not  the  probability,  of 
such  adventures.  The  Query  I  have  to  make 
upon  Warton's  note  is,  Whether  there  are  any 
solid  grounds  for  believing  Lord  Oxford  to  have 
written  the  best  part  of  Robinson  Crusoe  ?  I  may 
also  ask,  whether  any  correspondent  or  reader  of 


"  N.  &  Q."  knows  anything  of,  or  has  ever  seen, 
the  chest  and  musket  which  Alexander  Selkirk 
had  with  him  during  his  solitary  abode  on  the 
island ;  and  which  a  grand-nephew  of  his,  John 
Selkirk,  weaver  of  Largo,  Scotland,  is  said  to  have 
had  in  his  possession  in  1792  ?  JAMES  J.  SCOTT. 
Downshire  Hill,  Hampstead. 


Genealogies  in  Old  Bibles.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  any  information  relating  to  the 
curious  Genealogies  of  Christ  by  Speed,  which  are 
so  commonly  found  bound  up  with  Bibles  before 
and  after  1600,  especially  in  the  small  quarto,  both 
Genevan  and  authorised  ?  When,  and  in  what 
shape,  was  the  first  edition  ?  was  it  published 
separately,  or  in  a  Bible ;  and,  if  in  a  Bible,  in 
what  edition  was  it  published  ?  Do  you  suppose 
that  all  editions  of  a  Bible  were  issued  with  the 
genealogies,  or  that  some  were  published  with  and 
some  without  them  of  the  same  edition  ?  The 
same  information  as  to  the  Map,  so  often  inserted 
with  genealogies  in  folio,  quarto,  and  octavo. 

F.  C. 

Old  and  New  Books.  —  To  whom  are  we  in- 
debted for  the  following  maxim  ? 

"  Nine  times  out  of  ten  it  is  more  profitable,  if  not  more 
agreeable,  to  read  an  old  book  over  again,  than  to  read  a 
new  one  for  the  first  time." 

ABHBA. 

"  Quintus  Calaber."  —  What  English  version  is 
there  of  this  book  ?  Moss  does  not  mention  it  in 
his  work.  In  Mr.  Bohn's  prefixed  supplement  to 
the  second  edition  as  it  is  called,  one  edition, 
that  of  Hegar,  is  named.  Of  course  I  am  aware 
of  Mr.  Elton's  "specimen  ;"  but  is  there  a  complete 
translation  into  English  ?  B. 

Pritchard's  Ship,  without  Sail  or  Wind.  —  In  the 
Life  of  Garrick,  by  Tom  Davies,  published  in. 
1780,  the  author,  alluding  to  a  proposed  establish- 
ment of  a  theatrical  fund,  says  : 

"  Various  plans  have  been  formed :  some  of  them  per- 
haps might  have  been  reduced  to  practice,  others  were 
nugatory  or  visionary.  Mr.  Pritchard,  an  honest  good- 
natured  man,  the  husband  of  the  great  actress,  had  laid 
out  a  scheme  to  relieve  infirm  players.  But  little  hopes 
could  be  expected  from  a  projector  who  proposed  to  build  a 
ship  which  could  nwru  on  the  water  without  either  sails  or 
wind."  —  Vol.  ii.  p.  305. 

What  was  this  proposal  ?  Was  it  ever  pub- 
lished, and  where  to  be  found  ?  T.  E.  D. 

Taking  off  the  Hat.  —  When  first  came  into  use 
the  salutation  custom  of  taking  off*,  raising,  or 
touching  the  hat,  on  meeting  superiors,  or  those 
to  whom  we  wish  to  pay  some  outward  mark  of 
respect  ?  I  find  a  grave  Scottish  divine  of  1629, 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261. 


telling  his  hearers  "  that  they  put  on  Christ,  as  a 
man  puts  on  his  hat,  to  take  it  off  to  every  one 
they  meet."  G.  N. 

"  Goucho"  or  "  Guacho"  —  In  the  olden  time 
(i.  e.  beginning  of  this  century),  when  I  had  some- 
thing to  do  with  these  wild  denizens  of  the  Pam- 
pas, we  invariably  called  them  Gouchos.  Modern 
travellers  in  South  America  spell  the  word  Guacho. 
Will  any  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  be  kind 
enough  to  tell  us  which  is  the  proper  word,  its 
meaning,  &c.  ?  for  it  does  not  occur  in  any  dic- 
tionary I  have  consulted  in  either  shape,  viz. 
Nunez  de  Taboada,  Gattel,  Spanish  and  French  ; 
Neuman  and  Baretti,  by  Dr.  Seoane ;  nor  in  old 
Stevens',  1726.  A.  C.  M. 

Exeter. 

Wickliffe's  "  Clippers"  and  "  Pursekervers."  — 
In  the  Rev.  Dr.  Miller's  admirable  work,  History 
Philosophically  Illustrated,  vol.  ii.  p.  303.  (8vo. 
edit.  London,  1832),  it  is  said  that  Wickliffe  — 

"Inveighed  so  much  against  the  Pontiff,  that  he  even 
denominated  him '  Anti-Christ,  the  proud  worldly  priest  of 
Rome,  and  the  most  cursed  of  clippers  and  pursekervers.' " 

Whence  are  the  quoted  words  of  Wickliffe 
taken  ?  what  is  the  etymology  of  the  words  clip- 
pers and  pursekervers  ?  in  what  sense  were  they 
used  by  Wickliffe  ?  and  were  they  used  in  the 
same  sense  by  any  of  his  cotemporaries  ?  ERIC. 

Hochelaga. 

The  DeviTs  Dozen. —  Can  any  of  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  when  and  where  originated 
the  phrase  often  heard,  "  the  Devil's  dozen," 
meaning  thirteen  in  number  ?  It  has  been  sup- 
posed to  be  explained  in  the  words  of  St.  John's 
Gospel,  vi.  70.,  —  "  Jesus  answered  them,  Have 
not  I  chosen  you  twelve,  and  one  of  you  is  a 
devil  ? "  but  this  solution  does  not  appear  satis- 
factory, nor  sufficiently  to  probe  the  question. 

G.N. 

Descendants  of  Archbishop  Abbott. — The  Times 
of  September  28  contains  an  advertisement  desir- 
ing information  concerning  the  descendants  of 
Archbishop  Abbott,  living  after  1650.  Cannot 
this  be  furnished  through  "  N.  &  Q."  ? 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

Fishing  Season  in  Italy.  —  Is  there,  in  Naples 
or  any  other  part  of  Italy,  any  religious  ceremony 
connected  with  the  commencement  of  the  fishing 
season,  such  as  blessing  the  nets,  or  the  first 
draught  of  fishes  ?  PESCATORA. 

Bolingbrohe's  Advice  to  Swift.  —  Bolingbroke 
writes  to  Swift  as  follows  : 

"  Take  care  of  your  health :  I'll  give  you  a  receipt  for 
it,  a  la  Montaigne;  or,  which  is  better,  a  la  Bruytre. 
Nourisser  bicn  votre  corps ;  ne  le  i'atiguer  jamais :  laisser 


rouiller  1'esprit,  meuhle  inutil,  votre  outil  dangereux : 
laisser  souper  nos  cloches  le  matin  pour  eveiller  les  cha- 
noines,  et  pour  faire  dormir  le  doyen  d'un  sommeil  cloux 
et  profond,  qui  lui  procure  de  beaux  songes :  levez-vous 
tard,"  &c. 

It  is  plain  that  there  are  several  jeux  d 'esprit 
here  ;  but  are  there  not  also  several  mistakes  ?  I 
beg  to  point  out  one.  Souper  is  an  evident  mis- 
print for  soupir,  or,  still  better,  for  s'assoupir. 
Also,  I  should  be  obliged  to  any  correspondent 
who  would  kindly  point  out  the  passage  (if  any 
such  there  be)  as  a  parody  upon  which  Boling- 
broke wrote  the  above  prescription. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBT. 

Birmingham. 

Charles  Cotton.  —  Any  farther  information  re- 
specting the  children  of  Charles  Cotton  the  poet, 
beyond  what  is  to  be  found  in  the  Biographical 
Dictionaries  ;  and,  particularly,  if  one  of  them 
was  named  John,  would  much  oblige  W.  H.  C. 

Infidel  Court  Chaplain.  —  Who  is  the  chaplain 
referred  to  by  Swift  in  the  Introduction  to  his 
Polite  Conversations  ? 

"And  as  to  blasphemy  or  free -thinking,  I  have  known 
some  scrupulous  persons  of  both  sexes  who,  by  preju- 
diced education,  are  afraid  of  sprights.  I  must,  however, 
except  the  maids  of  honour,  who  have  been  fully  con- 
vinced by  a  famous  Lcourt  chaplain  that  there  is  no 
such  place  as  hell."  * 

WILLIAM  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

Gibson's  Concordance.  —  If  any  of  your  readers 
can  inform  the  writer  where  there  exists  a  copy 
of  the  following  book,  it  will  greatly  oblige,  as  he 
wants  to  refer  to  a  copy : 

"A  Concordance  to  the  New  Testament,  [compiled  by 
and]  printed  by  Thomas  Gibson,  1535,  12mo." 

Have  the  goodness  to  address  F.  F.,  12.  Union 
Street,  Bristol.  It  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  Bri- 
tish Museum,  or  the  Bodleian,  or  the  College, 
Dublin. 

Bust  of  Shakspeare.  —  In  the  new  Number  of 
the  Westminster  Review  (p.  547.)  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing statement,  which  all  will  consider  "  im- 
portant if  true :" 

"  Mr.  Clift  (father-in-law  of  Professor  Owen)  had  the 
good  fortune  to  recover,  from  behind  the  plaster  of  the 
old  Duke's  Theatre  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  a  terra-cotta 
bust,  niched  over  one  of  the  stage-doors,  answering  to  one 
of  Ben  Jonson's  over  the  other  door.  It  was  the  breakage 
of  Jonson's  which  caused  due  care  to  be  taken  in  looking 


[*  Sir  Walter  Scott  has  the  following  note  to  this  pas- 
sage: 

"  Though  this  reverend  gentleman  seems  to  have  gone 
a  step  farther  than  Pope's  dean, 

'  Who  never  mentions  hell  to  ears  polite,' 
it  seems  probable  that  the  same  original  was  intended."] 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


out  for  the  other,  which  was  clearly  Shakspeare.  Posi- 
tive proof  is  afforded,  however,  by  its  perfect  resemblance 
to  a  mask  discovered  within  this  year  in  the  proprietor- 
ship of  an  Italian  family,  with  whom  it  is  an  heir-loom ; 
a  mask  with  some  hairs  from  the  eyebrows  sticking  in  it, 
and  the  name  and  date  on  the  back." 

A  copy  of  this  is,  I  believe,  among  the  busts  at 
Sydenham ;  but  can  any  of  your  readers  oblige 
me  with  any  farther  authentic  particulars,  names 
and  dates  ?  Having  looked  into  the  history  of 
the  "  Shakspeare  portraits,"  I  confess  I  am  rather 
sceptical  about  the  "  Italian  family."  If,  how- 
ever, the  cast  can  be  proved  to  be  genuine,  allow 
me  to  suggest  to  Ma.  HALLIWELL  how  much  the 
value  of  his  fine  folios  would  be  enhanced  by  calo- 
type  copies  of  this  and  other  portraits  of  Shak- 
speare. ESTE. 
Birmingham. 

Preen  or  Prene  in  Shropshire.  —  In  the  Hun- 
dred Rolls  there  is  mention  of  Great  Prene  and 
Little  Prene,  in  the  Hundred  of  Condover  in 
Shropshire.  Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me 
in  what  part  of  the  country  these  places  were 
situate,  and  what  is  the  etymology  and  meaning 
of  the  word  "  Prene "  or  "  Preen  ? "  I  find 
"  Church  Preen "  in  the  topographical  diction- 
aries, and  in  maps  of  Shropshire,  but  not  "  Great 
Preen  "  or  "  Little  Preen."  If  the  excellent  work 
of  Mr.  Eyton  (now  in  course  of  publication)  had 
advanced  so  far,  I  need  not  have  troubled  you 
with  the  question  ;  but  as  yet  he  has  not  got  into 
the  Hundred  above  mentioned.  One  cannot  men- 
tion the  county  of  Salop  without  expressing  due 
respect  for  a  work  of  so  much  research  and  accu- 
racy as  the  Antiquities  of  Shropshire.  The  county 
ought  to  feel  deeply  indebted  to  Mr.  Eyton  for  his 
laborious  endeavour  to  relieve  it  from  the  oppro- 
brium of  being  without  a  published  history.  One 
is  delighted  to  find  what  support  he  receives  from 
that  patron  of  church  antiquities,  Mr.  Petit.  No- 
thing can  be  more  effective  than  some  of  the 
admirable  illustrations  which  Mr.  Petit  has  con- 
tributed. DUDSTONE. 

Spilling  Salt. — Where  is  the  first  allusion  made 
to  the  ill  luck  supposed  to  attend  spilling  the  salt  ? 
It  was  a  notion  prevailing  at  the  time  of  Lionardo 
da  Vinci,  who  has  painted  Judas  as  having  over- 
turned the  salt-cellar.  Perhaps,  to  avoid  sharing 
the  salt  with  a  man  against  whom  violence  was 
intended,  the  salt  may  have  been  designedly 
knocked  down.  T.  L.  N. 

"S."  and  "St."  —  "The  Homilies  of  S.  John 
Chrysostom  on  St.  Matthew."  Here  is  a  manifest 
distinction  between  S.  and  St.:  what  is  the  differ- 
ence ?  ARCH.  WEIR. 


Minor  &uem£  Suits 

Gun-shot  Wounds.  —  As  I  have  no  means  of  re- 
ferring to  the  Transactions  or  records  ef  the  Royal 
Society,  I  would  inquire  whether  any  paper  was 
ever  communicated  to  the  Society  by  Surgeon 
Ranby,  or  any  other  person,  on  the  extraordinary 
wounds  and  cures  at  the  battle  of  Dettingen  ? 

SAMUEL  TYMMS. 
Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

[We  cannot  discover  any  article  in  the  Philosophical 
Transactions  on  this  subject;  but  John  Ranby,  Principal 
Serjeant-Surgeon  to  George  II.,  published  a  separate  work 
on  The  Method  of  treating  Gun-shot  Wounds,  4to.,  1744 ; 
2nd  edit.  12mo.,  1760.  In  his  work,  which  is  dedicated 
to  the  king,  occurs  the  following  passage,  so  apposite 
to  the  present  time:  —  "May  I  be  allowed,  Sire,  to  say, 
that  the  unwearied  care  taken  by  your  Majesty  of  the 
gallant  sufferers  at  the  signal  battle  of  Dettingen,  is  often 
considered  by  me  with  that  just  admiration  and  respect 
which  such  goodness  naturally  excites.  The  state  and 
condition  of  every  individual  afflicted,  either  with  sick- 
ness or  wounds  incurred  in  that  engagement,  was  very 
particularly  inquired  into  by  your  Majesty  every  morn- 
ing ;  a  condescension  which  had  so  happy  an  effect,  that 
all  possible  ease  and  convenience  were  procured  to  the 
distressed."  There  was  also  published,  in  1745,  "An 
Erpostulatory  Address  to  John  Ranby,  Esq.,  occasioned 
by  his  treatise  on  Gun-shot  Wounds,  and  his  narrative  of 
the  Earl  of  Oxford's  Illness,"  London,  Svo.J 

Frischlinus,  Lubinus,  Marte  du  Cygne.  —  In 
Heineccius'  Fundamenta  Stili  Cultioris,  edit.  1748, 
p.  382.,  mention  is  made  of  Frischlinus :  "  Vir 
enim  ille  doctissimus  Virgilium,  Horatium  et  Per- 
sium  in  prosam  ingeniose  convertit."  Also  of 
Eilh.  Lubinus,  Pariphrasis  Horatii  et  Ecphrasis 
Juvenalis :  and  of  Marte  du  Cygne,  Explanatio 
Rhetorica  omnium  Ciceronis  Orationum,  Coin.  1678. 

I  should  feel  much  obliged  to  any  of  your 
readers  who  could  give  me  any  information  re- 
specting these  authors,  and  of  the  time  and  form 
in  which  they  were  published.  P. 

[1.  Nicodemus  Frisehlin,  a  learned  German  critic  and 
poet,  was  born  at  Balingen,  in  Suabia,  in  1547.  He  be- 
came, at  twenty,  professor  at  Tubingen,  and  afterwards 
falling  into  distress  was  imprisoned  in  Wurtemberg 
Castle;  but  endeavouring  to  escape,  the  ropes  he  used 
were  so  weak  that  he  fell  down  a  precipice  and  was 
dashed  to  pieces,  November  29,  1590.  His  works  were 
published  in  4  vols.  8vo.,  1598—1607.  2.  Eilhard  Lubin, 
a  theologian  and  philologist,  was  born  in  1565  at  Wester- 
stede,  in  the  county  of  Oldenburg ;  appointed  professor  of 
poetry  at  Rostock  in  1595,  and  of  theology  ten  years 
afterwards.  He  died  in  1U21.  His  numerous  works  are 
given  in  Bayle's  Dictionary,  and  in  Rose's  Biographical 
Dictionary.  ~3.  Martin  de  Cvgne,  a  Jesuit  of  St.  Omer, 
was  born  in  1619,  and  died  March  29,  1663.  For  a  list  of 
his  other  works,  see  Jocher,  Gelehrten  Lexicon,  s.  v.] 

Vavassoris  "De  Ludicrii  Dictione." — Are  any 
of  your  readers  acquainted  with  Vavassori's  De 
Ludicra  Dictione,  4to.,  Paris,  1655  ;  and  what  is 
the  character  of  the  work  ?  II.  E.  W. 

[This  work  was  written  to  oppose  a  bad  taste,  which 
then  prevailed  in  France,  when  the  works  of  Scarron  and 


348 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  261. 


Dassouci  were  very  popular,  by  snowing  that  the  Greeks 
and  Romans  knew  nothing  of  the  burlesque  style,  al- 
though Mons.  Le  Clerc  is  of  opinion  that  something  of  it 
may  be  found  in  Aristophanes.  Vavassor  wrote  this  at 
the  request  of  Balzac,  who  had  a  great  dislike  to  this 
style.  Le  Clere  published  an  edition  of  Vavassor's  works 
at  Amsterdam  in  1709.] 

Family  of  Martin  Folkes.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  supply  particulars  of  the  family  of  Martin 
Folkes,  F.R.S.  ?  I  am  desirous  of  knowing 
whether  he  had  a  sister  named  Lucrece,  and  a 
brother  a  counsellor  ;  and  in  what  way  he  was 
connected  with  the  Duke  of  Montagu. 

BURIENSIS. 

[We  cannot  discover  that  Martin  Folkes  had  a  sister 
named  Lucrece ;  but  his  wife  Lucr'etia,  who  had  unhap- 
pily been  for  some  years  confined  at  Chelsea,  has  a  legacy 
of  4001.  a  year  bequeathed  to  her  by  his  will.  His 
youngest  daughter  was  also  named  Lucretia,  who  mar- 
ried, May,  1756,  Richard  Betenson,  Esq.  (afterwards  Sir 
Richard) ;  obit.  June  6,  aged  thirty-six.  See  her  monu- 
ment in  Thorpe's  Registrum  Roffense,  p.  832.  Mr.  William 
Folkes,  brother  to  Martin,  was  a  counsellor-at-law,  and 
agent  to  the  Duke  of  Montagu,  in  Lancashire,  who  mar- 
ried, first,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Lynn,  in 
Norfolk ;  and,  secondly,  a  daughter  of  Sir  William  Browne, 
Knt.,  whose  estates  descended  to  his  son,  Sir  Martin 
Browne  Folkes,  Bart.  Consult  Nichols'  Anecdotes,  vol.  ii. 
p.  588.,  and  Bowyer's  Anecdotes,  p.  562.] 

Chronicle  of  Alphonsus  XI.  —  The  rare  old 
Spanish  Chronicle  of  Alonzo  the  Wise  (el  On- 
zeno),  does  it  exist  in  any  other  than  the  first 
edition  published  at  Valladolid,  1551  ?  H.  E.  VV. 

[There  is  a  second  edition,  illustrated  with  appendices 
and  various  documents,  "por  D.  Francesco  CerdayRico," 
Madrid,  4to.,  1787.] 

Butler's  "Hudibras" —  Which  is  the  editio  op- 
tima of  Butler's  Hudibras  up  to  this  time  ? 

H.  E.  W. 

[Lowndes  says,  "  the  best  edition,  corrected  and  en- 
larged, is  that  of  1819,  3  vols.  8vo. ;"  but  according  to  a 
correspondent  in  the  Gentleman's  Mag.,  vol.  Ixxxix.  pt.  i. 
p.  416.,  this  edition  is  disfigured  with  numerous  inaccu- 
racies.] 

Rev.  Joseph  GlanviVs  Works. — Hallam,  in  a 
note  in  his  Literary  History,  speaks  very  highly 
of  the  works  of  an  English  metaphysician,  Glanvil. 
Can  you  furnish  me  with  a  list  of  his  works,, and 
what  may  be  the  degree  of  their  rarity  ?  Is  Sad- 
ducismus  Triumphatus  the  work  of  this  Gb.nvil  ? 

H.  E.  W. 

Sydney. 

[  Sadducismus  Triumphatus  is  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Glan- 
vil, and  has  passed  through  several  editions.  It  is  noticed 
in  the  Retrospective  Review,  vol.  v.  p.  87.  A  list  of  Glan- 
vil's  numerous  works  (too  long  to  quote)  is  given  in 
Watt's  Bibliotheca,  and  Lowndes's  Manual.  A  copious 
account  of  this  author  and  his  writings  will  be  found  in 
Wood's  Athence  Oxon.,  vol.  iii.  p.  1244.] 

Whitmore  Motto.  —  What  is  the  origin  of  the 
motto  of  the  Whitmores,  an  ancient  Cheshire  fa- 


mily, long  styled  of  Thurstanston  in  that  county  ? 
The  motto  is,  "  Either  for  ever."  F.  L.  A. 

[This  motto  seems  to  refer  to  the  first  and  second  coats 
of  the  Whitmore  family  arms,  which  have  been  used  in- 
discriminately as  the  coat  of  this  branch  of  the  family.] 


SIE   JEROME,  JEEEMIAH,  OB    JEREMY    BOWES,  FIRST 
ESGL1SU   AMBASSADOR   TO   RUSSIA. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  127.  209.) 

Of  this  distinguished  man  I  find  little  to  con- 
nect him  in  blood  with  either  of  the  families  of 
Bowes  of  Durham,  or  of  London,  which  were  then 
(temp.  Eliz.)  in  the  height  of  their  prosperity. 
Yet  he  must  have  been  at  least  acquainted  with 
Sir  Martin  Bowes,  the  Lord  Mayor,  as  both  were 
in  favour  at  court ;  and  he  must  have  known 
something  of  Sir  George  Bowes,  the  head  of  the 
Durham  family  (who  was  Knight  Marshal  of 
England  north  of  the  Trent,  with  military  power 
of  life  and  death  in  those  parts  then  disaffected  to 
the  queen),  and  his  brother  Sir  Robert  Bowes, 
ambassador  to  the  court  of  Scotland. 

His  arms  show  him  to  have  sprung  from  the 
main  stock  of  the  Bowes  of  Durham,  as  he  bore 
only  the  difference  to  show  him  descended  from  a 
sixth  brother  of  that  house.  As  John  appears  the 
favourite  family  name  in  Sir  Jerome's  pedigree, 
he  may  probably  come  from  John  Bowes,  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Commons,  14  Hen.  VI.  (A.D.  1436.) 

The  connexion  between  these  three  families  I 
can,  however,  show  must  have  been  rather  intimate ; 
for  at  this  period  Archbishop  Hutton  married 
into  Sir  Martin  Bowes'  family,  and  his  children 
intermarried  three  times  into  that  of  Bowes  of 
Durham.  Again,  Sir  George  Bowes  the  Knight 
Marshal,  and  the  second  Lord  Bray,  both  married 
daughters  of  the  Talbots,  Earls  of  Shrewsbury  : 
Sir  Edward  Bray  (Lord  Bray's  only  brother)  left 
an  only  daughter,  who  wedded  the  heir  male  of 
the  Boweses  of  Dui'ham  ;  whilst  Frideswid  Bray, 
their  sister,  was  wife  to  Sir  Percival  Hart,  and 
had  two  sons,  one  of  whom  married  Cecilia  Bowes, 
daughter  of  John,  Sir  Jeremy's  brother,  and  the 
other  Elizabeth  Bowes,  daughter  of  Sir  Martin, 
the  Lord  Mayor.  Now  all  these  alliances  took 
place  temp.  Eliz.,  or  shortly  after ;  and  I  cannot 
help  inferring  that  there  must  have  been  more 
than  mere  acquaintance  betwixt  them,  and  that 
they  were  allied  by  blood  as  well  as  name. 

Sir  Jerome  was  buried  at  Hackney  Church, 
28th  March,  1616  ;  but  as  that  structure  has  been 
since  then  entirely  removed,  no  monument  of 
him  remains.  "  The  inhabitants  of  the  parish  of 
St.  Ann's,  Blackfriars  (curacy),  built  a  faire  ware- 
house in  1597  under  the  isle  for  the  use  of  Sir 
Jerom  Bowes,  Knight,  who  then  had  the  said 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


349 


ground  in  lease,  and  also  gave  him  133Z. ;"  sol 
presume  him  to  have  been  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits. 

He  figures  as  an  author,  having  produced  An 
Apology  or  Defence  for  the  Christians  of  France, 
which  are  of  the  Evangelical  or  Reformed  Re- 
ligion, translated  out  of  the  French,  published 
"  Lond.  1579,  8vo.,"  so  that  he  seems  to  have  been 
a  man  of  some  attainments  and  of  the  Protestant 
faith. 

His  family  settled  at  Elford  (co.  Stafford)  and 
Humberstone,  and  the  heiress  of  their  estates 
about  a  century  later  took  them,  and  for  some 
time  the  name  also,  into  the  Howard  family,  as 
the  eleventh,  twelfth,  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  and 
fifteenth  Earls  of  Suffolk,  I  believe,  bore  the  name 
of  Bowes,  and  then  that  branch  of  the  Howards 
failed. 

I  am  greatly  obliged  to  both  your  correspon- 
dents for  their  answers  to  my  inquiry.  MB. 
COOPER'S  Reply  contains  the  anecdote  I  wanted, 
MB.  BEAUMONT'S  being  quite  a  new  version  to 
me.  The  novel  I  alluded  to  was  entitled  The 
Czar,  and  was  published  about  twelve  or  fifteen 
years  ago.  At  this  time  a  notice  of  our  first 
envoy  to  Russia  will,  I  doubt  not,  be  read  with 
interest  by  many.  A.  B. 


DB.    WILMOT. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  228.) 

Your  correspondent  WILLIAM  BATES  is  most 
likely  aware  that  a  life  of  Dr.  Wilmot  was  written 
by  his  niece,  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres,  who  has  put 
forward  other  claims  for  notoriety  by  means  well 
known  to  many  of  your  readers.  As  the  work, 
however,  may  not  be  generally  known,  I  forward 
a  short,  description.  An  engraved  frontispiece 
bears  this  title : 

"  Junius :  James  Wilmot,  D.  D.,  Fellow  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford. 

'  A  Shelburne,  Chatham,  and  a  Camden  too, 
Each  future  period  shall  enraptuv'd  view; 
Our  Wilmofs  name  will  also  nobly  live, 
And  patriot  precepts  to  the  unborn  give, 
Till  thrones  and  empires  each  dissolve  away, 
And  all  approach  the  great,  the  awful  day, 
When  God  supreme  his  anger'd  sceptre  weilds,  (s;c) 
And  claims  that  truth  on  earth  oppression  shields.'  " 

The  printed  title,  — 

"  The  Life  of  the  Author  of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  the 
Rev.  James  Wilmot,  D.  D.,  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Oxford,  Rector  of  Barton-on-the-Heath,  and  Aulcester, 
Warwickshire,  and  one  of  his  Majesty's  Justices  of  the 
Peace  for  that  county.  With  portrait,  fac-similcs,  &c. 
By  his  niece,  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres.  Anima  legis  ratio. 
London :  sold  by  E.  Williams,  Bookseller  to  the  Duke 
and  Duchess  of  York,  No.  11.  Strand;  John  Walker, 
No.  44.  Paternoster  Row ;  and  John  Hatchard,  No.  190. 
Piccadilly.  1813.  8vo." 

It  is  dedicated  "  To  the  Most  Noble  the  Marquis 


of  Blandford,  &c.  &c.  &c."     In  an  address  "  To 
the  Public,"  the  fair  biographer  states : 

"  Her  sole  pretension  consists  in  being  the  relative  of  a 
patriot,  whose  fame  will  live  until  time  shall  be  no  more ; 
and  whose  exertions  have  raised  him  a  monument  in  the 
hearts  of  his  countrymen,  more  durable  than  trophies 
erected  by  the  hand  of  man. 

"  The  editor  is  aware  that  her  assertions  may  create 
much  opposition ;  but  at  a  future  period  she  may  again 
address  you  more  explicitly ;  when  some  additional  evi- 
dences shall  be  disclosed  to  the  world,  to  substantiate  the 
reality  of  that  claim  she  now  makes  in  the  behalf  of  her 
late  uncle,  and  to  convince  you  that  he  was  the  author  of 
the  Letters  of  Junius. 

"  Dr.  Wilmot  lived  in  habits  of  friendship  and  con- 
fidence with  some  of  the  most  distinguished  characters  of 
the  age ;  among  them  were  Mr.  Grenville,  Lords  North- 
ington,  Shelburne,  and  Sackville,  together  with  the  cele- 
brated Mr.  Wilkes,  Mr.  Thurlow,  and  Mr.  Dunning.  The 
late  Bishop  of  Worcester,  Lords  Plymouth,  Archer,  Sondes, 
Bathurst,  Grosvenor,  Craven,  and  Abingdon,  were  on 
terms  of  intimacy  with  him,  more  particularly  the  three 
first-named  noblemen.  He  was  well  acquainted  with 
many  members  of  the  administration  from  1766  to  1773  ; 
and  there  is  no  question  but  that  his  political  information 
was  derived  from  these  sources." 

The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Lord  North, 
Mr.  G.  Onslow,  Mr.  Willes,  Mr.  H.  Beauclerk, 
the  Princess  Amelia,  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  the 
Waldegrave  family,  the  Russell  family,  Mr.  Burke, 
Lord  Ashburton,  Lord  Chatham,  the  Marchioness 
of  Tavistock,  Mr.  Wharton,  the  Duke  of  York, 
with  many  others,  are  mentioned  as  his  intimate 
friends  and  patrons.  It  is  stated,  p.  44.,  that  one 
or  two  of  the  poems  in  the  Oxford  Sausage  were 
the  production  of  his  pen. 

"  Our  friend  was  convivial  in  his  habits,  and  liberal  in 
his  use  of  old  port.  '  When  alone  he  invariably  drank 
his  bottle.  He  disliked  white  glass  decanters,  and  would 
always  have  his  wine  poured  into  a  clean  common  green 
bottle,  which  was  named  Cicero.  "  I  like  my  wine,"  our 
author  would  say,  "and  I  do  not  choose  to  be  admonished 
by  the  transparency  of  my  decanter."  He  once  jokingly 
told  his  niece  Olivia  (the  editor  of  these  memoirs)  that 
Jedediah  Buxton,  the  famous  calculator,  had  informed 
him  that  he  had  drunk  a  sufficient  quantity  of  port  to 
drown  himself,  at  a  bottle  a  day.' " 

Such  is  the  character  of  Dr.  Wilmot,  one  of  the 
supposed  authors  of  Junius,  and  such  the  style  of 
•writing  of  his  niece,  Miss  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres. 
I  offer  this  notice  of  a  somewhat  scarce  book  to 
the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  without  venturing  to 
agree  with  Mr.  Beckford's  opinion  as  to  Dr. 
Wilmot's  merit.  II.  B.,  F.  R.  C.  S. 

Warwick. 


THE    POPE    SITTING    ON    THE    ALTAR. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  161.273.) 

I  hope  that  "  N.  &  Q."  will  always  avoid  purely 
theological  questions.  There  may  be  reasons  for 
or  against  the  pope  seating  himself  supra  altarc, 
but  such  reasons  had  better  be  left  to  the  contro- 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No. -261. 


versial  pamphlet,  and  to  those  readers  whose 
jaded  appetites  require  cayenne  pepper  and  a 
spice  of  the  odium  theologicum.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  however,  it  would  seem  that  supra  in  this 
place  means  on  and  not  above  merely.  In  a  vo- 
lume of  some  authority  the  following  account  is 
given  of  this  ceremony  : 

"Le  meme  jour,  deux  heures  avant  la  nuit,  le  Pape, 
revetu  de  sa  chappe  et  couvert  de  sa  mitre,  est  porte*  sur 
1'autel  de  la  chapelle  de  Sixte,  oil  les  cardinaux  avec  leurs 
chappes  violettes  viennent  adorer  une  seconde  fois  le 
nouveau  Pontife,  qui  est  assis  sur  les  reliqaes  de  la  pierre 
sacree ;  en  meme  terns  on  ouvre  la  porte  de  la  chapelle  et 
les  conclavistes  viennent  aussi  1'adorer.  Cela  etant  fait, 
on  rompt  la  cloture  du  conclave ;  et  les  cardinaux  pre- 
ce'des  de  la  musique  descendent  an  milieu  de  Pe'glise  de 
saint  Pierre.  Le  Pape  vient  ensuite,  porte  dans  son  sie'ge 
pontifical,  sous  un  grand  Dais  rouge,  embelli  de  franges 
d'or;  ses  e'tafiers  le  mettent  sur  le  grand  autel  de  Saint 
Pierre,  oil  les  cardinaux  1'adorent  pour  la  troisieme  fois; 
et  apres  eux  les  ambassadeurs  des  princes,  en  presence 
d'une  infinite'  de  peuples  dont  cette  vaste  ^glise  est 
remplie  jusques  an  bout  de  son  portique.  On  chante  le 
Te  I)eum  laudamus,  puis  le  cardinal  doyen  e'tant  du  cote' 
de  1'epitre  dit  les  versets  et  oraisons  marquees  dans  le 
ce're'monial  remain;  ensuite  on  descend  le  Pape  sur  le 
marchepie'  de  1'autel,"  &c. — Tablf.au  de  la  Cow  de  Rome, 
par  le  Sr.  J.  A.  [Aimon]  Mre.  et  Jurisc.,  1726,  p.  66. 

Now  if,  as  H.  P.  suggests,  this"  custom  was  de- 
rived from  the  ceremonial  used  at  the  coronation 
of  the  Emperors  of  Germany  (i  barbari),  we  may 
suppose  that  its  beginning  might  be  sought  for  in 
those  ages  when  the  newly  elected  king  was  borne 
aloft  upon  a  shield  raised  on  the  shoulders  of  his 
chieftains,  and  so  presented  to  his  subjects  ;  or,  to 
come  to  rather  more  recent  times  and  another 
reason,  since  the  altar  covered,  or  was  supposed  to 
cover,  the  relics  of  saints,  and  an  oath  taken  on  such 
relics  was  held  to  bind  more  surely,  the  emperor 
might  be  raised  and  made  there  to  promise  "  to 
God's  church  and  to  all  Christian  people  .  .  true 
peace,"  from  a  notion  that  even  Austrian  perfidy 
would  dread  to  break  such  an  oath.  All  this, 
however,  does  not  explain  the  reason  for  its  intro- 
duction at  Home,  and  its  special  applicability  at 
the  election  of  the  pope. 

As  to  the  apologetic  speculation  of  H.  P.,  that 
"  the  altar  is  not  the  seat  of  Deity,  but  the  place 
for  the  victim  sacrificed,"  it  may  suffice  to  re- 
mind him  that  "  the  Lamb  slain "  is  the  Deity, 
and  His  altar  the  throne  of  the  Incarnate  One. 

Not,  however,  to  speak  of  such  solemn  truths 
here,  I  would  conclude  this  note  by  a  Query  as  to 
the  time  when  this  custom  began,  and  the  re- 
ferences to  it  found,  for  such  there  must  be,  in 
the  writings  of  ritualists  and  travellers. 

W.  DENTON. 


"THE  POOR  VOTER'S  SONG." 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  285.) 

I  beg  to  inform  your  correspondent  M.  that  this 
song  was  written  by  an  intimate  friend  of  mine, 
resident  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Maidenhead.  It 
has  been  set  to  music  by  F.  Lancellot,  and  pub- 
lished by  Duncombe  and  Moon,  17.  Holborn.  I 
have  a  copy  of  the  song,  presented  to  me  by  the 
author ;  and,  ns  it  may  interest  some  of  your 
readers,  I  send  a  transcript  of  it. 

NEWBURIENSIS. 

"  The  Poor  Voter's  Song,  written  by  TJiomas  £fbel,  Esq., 
author  of  the  '  Pauper's  Drive  ; '  the  Music  composed  by 
F.  Lancellot,  and  respectfully  dedicated  to  Lord  John 
Russell. 

"  They  knew  that  I  was  poor, 

And  they  thought  that  I  was  base,          ..    ', 
And  would  readily  endure 

To  be  cover'd  with  disgrace. 
They  judged  me  of  their  tribe 

Who  on  dirty  Mammon  dote, 
So  they  offer'd  me  a  bribe 

For  my  vote,  boys,  vote ! 
So  they  offer'd  me  a  bribe  for  my  vote. 
O  shame  upon  my  betters, 

Who  would  my  conscience  buy ! 
But  shall  I  wear  their  fetters  ? 

No,  no,  no,  no,  no, 
Not  I,  indeed,  not  I. 

"  My  vote  ?    It  is  not  mine, 

To  do  with  as  I  will ; 
To  cast,  like  pearls  to  swine, 

To  these  wallowers  in  ill. 
It  is  my  country's  due, 

And  I'll  give'it,  while  I  can, 
To  the  honest  and  the  true, 

Like  a  man,  boys,  man ! 

0  shame,  &c. 

"  What  though  these  men  be  rich, 
And  what  though  I  be  poor, 

1  would  perish  in  a  ditch 
Ere  I'd  listen  to  their  lure. 

They  may  treat  me  as  a  prey, 

But  their  vengeance  shall  be  braved, 
I've  a  soul  as  well  as  they 

To  be  saved,  boys,  saved ! 
O  shame,  &c. 
"  Did  I  swallow  down  the  hook 

That  was  baited  by  the  base, 
How  could  I  dare  to  look 

My  young  ones  in  the  face? 
Could  I  teach  them  '  the  right  way,' 

While  I  heard  a  voice  within 
Reproach  me  night  and  day 

With  my  sin,  boys,  sin ! 
O  shame,  &c. 
"  No,  no ;  I'll  hold  my  vote 

As  a  treasure  and  a  trust ; 
My  dishonour  none  shall  quote, 

When  I'm  mingled  with  the  dust; 
And  my  children,  when  I'm  gone, 

Shall  be  strengthen'd  by  the  thought, 
That  their  father  was  not  one 

To  be  bought,  boys,  bought ! 
O  shame."  &c. 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


351 


THE    EXTINCTION    OF    THE    PALJEOLOGI. 

(Vol.  v.,  pp.  173.  280. 357. ;  Vol.  via.,  pp.  408. 526.) 

Passing  events  have  revived  the  interest  which 
attaches  to  the  fate  of  the  imperial  family  of  By- 
zantium ;  and  numerous  references  have  recently 
appeared  in  your  pages  as  to  the  descendants  of 
the  "  last  Constantino."  But  the  contributors  to 
"  N.  &  Q."  have  added  little  or  nothing  to  the  facts 
communicated  years  ago  in  the  eighteenth  volume 
of  the  Arch<Eolngia,\>y  the  Rev.  Fr.  Vyvyan  Jago, 
the  rector  of  Landulph,  in  Cornwall,  relative  to 
Theodore  Palaeologus,  who  was  interred  there  in 
A.D.  1636. 

The  circumstances  under  which  this  gentleman 
arrived  in  England  are  left  in  uncertainty.  Little 
is  known  of  his  parentage,  and  nothing  is  men- 
tioned of  his  descendants  beyond  the  first  genera- 
tion. Mr.  Jago  conjectures  him  to  have  been  — 

"  The  immediate  descendant  of  the  Constantino  family, 
and,  in  all  probability,  the  lineal  heir  to  the  empire  of 
Greece." 

The  last  Constantino  died  unmarried,  leaving 
two  brothers,  Demetrius  and  Thomas,  the  despots 
of  the  Morea.  Demetrius  died  a  monk,  having 
had  one  daughter,  who  entered  the  harem  of 
Mahomet  II. ;  and  whether  she  left  any  offspring, 
we  have  no  means  of  knowing. 

Thomas  fled  to  Italy,  after  the  seizure  of  the 
Morea  by  the  Turks.  And  a  passage  in  Gibbon 
would  imply,  that  his  family  consisted  of  but  two 
sons,  Andrew  and  Manuel :  the  first  of  whom  he 
says  was  "degraded  by  his  life  and  marriage;" 
and  the  other  died  a  monk  at  Constantinople, 
where  "  his  surviving  son  was  lost  in  the  habit 
and  religion  of  a  Turkish  slave."  But,  from  the 
inscription  on  the  tomb  at  Landulph,  it  appears 
that  Thomas  had  a  third  son  John,  from  whom 
was  descended  Theodore  Pala?ologus,  who  lived 
in  England  in  the  seventeenth  century,  whither 
he  appears  to  have  come  from  — 

"  Pesaro,  in  Italye,  being  the  sonne  of  Camilio,  ye  sonne 
of  Prosper,  the  sonne  of  Theodoro,  the  sonne  of  John,  y° 
sonne  of  Thomas,  second  brother  of  Constantine  Palaeo- 
logus, the  8th  of  that  name,  and  last  of  y*  lyne  y*  rayned 
in  Constantinople  until  subdued  by  y«  Turks :  who  mar- 
ried w*  Mary,  ye  daughter  of  William  Balls,  of  Hadlye  in 
Suffolk,  Gent.,  and  had  issue  5  children :  Theodoro, 
John,  Ferdinando,  Maria,  and  Dorothy ;  and  departed  this 
life  at  Clyfton  y"  21st  of  January,  1636."  —  ArchaoL, 
vol.  xviii.  p.  34. 

Mr.  Jago  did  not  succeed  in  collecting  much 
information  in  Cornwall  as  to  the  subsequent  his- 
tory of  these  five  children  :  of  two  of  the  sons, 
John  and  Ferdinando,  he  discovered  nothing. 
The  other  Theodore  he  says  was  a  sailor,  and 
served  on  board  the  "  Charles  II. : "  he  died  at 
sea,  1693 ;  and  his  will  in  Doctors'  Commons 
makes  no  mention  of  children,  but  leaves  his  pro- 
perty to  his  widow.  By  the  register  of  Landulph, 


it  appears  that  Mary  Palaeologus  died  unmarried 
in  1674  :  and  that  her  sister  Dorothy  was  married 
in  1656  to  William  Arundel ;  the  entry  being, 
"  Dorothea  Pala3ologus  ex  stirpe  Imperatorum." 
Mr.  Jago  adds  that  — 

"  Soon  after  their  marriage,  they  settled  at  the  adjoining 
parish  of  St.  Dominick,  the  registers  of  which  are  de- 
stroyed ;  so  that  it  is  impossible  now  to  determine  if  they 
had  any  issue,  though  it  seems  highly  probable.  They 
were  buried  at  Landulph :  Dorothy  "in  1681,  and  her  hus- 
band in  1684;  and  as,  some  years  after,  a  Mary  Arundel 
was  married  to  Francis  Lee,  the  imperial  blood  perhaps 
still  flows  in  the  bargemen  of  Cargeen ! " 

Cargeen  is  a  parish  on  the  Tamar,  near  Ply- 
mouth ;  and  members  of  the  family  of  the  Lees 
were  boatmen  on  the  Hamoaze  in  1824. 

The  only  advance  made  on  the  information  thus 
given,  by  any  of  the  contributors  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  is 
a  note  in  Vol.  v.,  p.  174.,  to  the  effect  that  Fer- 
dinand, the  third  son  of  Theodore,  of  whom  Mr. 
Jago  could  discover  no  traces,  "  appears  to  have 
died  in  the  island  of  Barbadoes  in  1678,  and  was 
buried  in  the  church  of  St.  John." 

This  statement  is  substantially  correct.  Fer- 
dinando Palaeologus  appears  to  have  settled  in 
Barbadoes  between  the  years  1628  and  1645  ;  he 
became  proprietor  of  a  small  plantation  in  the 
parish  of  St.  John's  in  the  north  of  the  island, 
where  he  appears,  by  the  vestry  books,  to  have 
been  vestryman,  churchwarden,  and  surveyor  of 
highways  between  1649  and  1669.  He  died  in 
1680,  and  the  register  of  his  interment  describes 
him  as  Lieutenant  Ferdinand  Palasologus.  In  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  January,  1843,  will  be 
found  a  communication  from  Mr.  Bradfield,  who 
was  Colonial  Secretary  of  that  island  in  1841,  in 
which  he  has  given  these  facts,  and  a  copy  of  the 
will  of  Pateologu?,  dated  March  20,  1678  ;  by 
which  he  bequeaths  one  half  of  his  plantation  to 
his  wife  Rebecka  Pateologus  for  her  life,  with 
remainder  to  his  son  "  Theodorious  Palseologus.'' 
The  will  continues : 

"  Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  my  sister  Mary  Palceo- 

Ingus,  twenty  shils.  sterR. 
Item.  I   give    and  bequeath   unto  my   sister   Dorothy 

Arondoll,  twenty  shils.  sterle. 
Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  Ralph  Hassell,  my  God 

sonn.  sonn  of  Ralph  Hassell,  my  black  stone  colt. 
_Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  to  Edward  Wallrond,  sonn  of 
Henry  Wallrond,  Junr,  one  grey  mare  colt. 

"  (Signed)  FARDINASD  PALEOLOGUS." 

The  article  goes  on  to  say  that  — 

"  In  consequence  of  the  son's  death,  the  whole  of  the  pro- 
perty devolved  upon  the  wife  of  the  deceased ;  and  it  is 
supposed  there  are  still  in  existence  descendants  of  this 
illustrious  family  in  the  female  line." 

He  adds  : 

"  During  the  late  war  of  independence  in  Greece,  a 
letter  was  received  in  Barbadoes  by  the  authorities  from 
the  Greek  government,  informing  them  that  they  had 
traced  the  family  to  Cornwall,  and  thence  to  Barbadoes ; 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261. 


•where,  if  a  male  branch  of  the  Palreologi  were  still  in 
existence,  the  Greeks  would  equip  a  ship  for  the  illus- 
trious exile,  and  proclaim  him  their  lawful  sovereign." 

Mr.  Bradfield  states,  that  the  vault  in  which 
Palaeologus  was  interred  was  opened  some  years 
before  the  time  he  wrote,  in  order  to  remove  the 
bodies  to  a  new-burial  ground,  when  his  remains 
were  discovered  — 

"  In  a  large  leaden  coffin,  with  the  feet  pointing  towards 
the  East,  the  usual  mode  of  burying  amongst  the  Greeks. 
I[  was  found  to  contain  the  perfect  skeleton ;  and  the 
grave  was  traditionally  known  to  have  been  that  of  '  the 
Greek  Prince  from  Cornwall.' " 

J.  EMERSON  TENNEWT. 


The  last  male  of  this  illustrious  name  lies  buried 
at  the  church  of  the  parish  of  St.  John,  in  the 
island  of  Barbadoes ;  but  his  descendants  in  the 
female  line  are  still  to  be  found  in  highly  re- 
spectable circles. 

I  know  a  gentleman  whose  grandmother  claimed 
descent  from  the  Palteologus  alluded  to  in  "  N.  & 
Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  572. ;  and  who,  singularly  enough, 
is  married  to  a  cousin  of  the  present  Empress  of 
the  French.  CINCINNATUS. 

Granada. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Observation  Instrument  for  Photographers.  —  At  a  re- 
cent meeting  of  the  Liverpool  Photographic  Society,  Mr. 
Sheridan  exhibited  a  portable  little  instrument,  of  simple 
construction,  for  enabling  a  photographic  operator  to  take 
his  observations  with  accuracy.  It  is  the  invention  of 
Mr.  Grub,  of  the  Bank  of  Ireland,  and  is  a  small  conical- 
shaped  box,  open  at  either  end,  made  of  card-board, 
which  folds  together  so  as  to  be  easily  carried  in  the 
pocket.  In  the  Liverpool  Photographic  Journal  is  a 
diagram  of  the  instrument,  accompanied  by  the  following 
description  of  the  mode  of  constructing  one  in  such  a  way 
that,  by  looking  through  the  smaller  end,  the  larger  one 
will  be  found  to  expose  just  as  much  of  the  view  as  the 
ground  glass  of  the  camera  would  take  in  if  placed  in  the 
same  spot,  provided  of  course  the  instrument  be  made  on 
a  proper  scale.  After  observing  that  to  mathematicians 
there  is  a  known  means  of  calculating  the  size  and  form 
of  the  box  with  the  utmost  accuracy,  by  knowing  the 
focal  length  of  the  len*  employed,  and  the  exact  dimension 
of  the  plate  or  paper  to  be  covered,  Mr.  Sheridan  stated 
that  for  all  practical  purposes  the  follov.-ing  rule-of-thumb 
wa}'  of  doing  it  will  be  found  to  answer  verv  well. 

"  Thus,  from  a  base  line  you  describe  a  portion  of  a 
semicircle,  whose  radius  on  a  given  scale  is  equal  to  the 
focal  length  of  your  camera.  Take,  for  instance,  the  one 
I  generally  use,  which  is  16  inches  focus,  and  taking  a 
picture  8£  in.  by  7^  in.,  mark  off  on  the  circle  A  8f  in. 
from  the  point  where  the  circle  cuts  the  base  line,  then 
B  7J  in.,  and  again  A  8J  in.,  and  lastly  B  7^  in. ;  thus  A 
and  A  correspond  to  the  top  and  bottom  of  the  largest  end 
of  the  instrument,  and  B  and  B  to  the  sides:  from  these 
points  lines  are  drawn  to  the  points  on  which  the  limb  of 
the  compass  rested  in  describing  the  semicircle;  and 
from  each  of  these  lines,  where  thev  touch  the  circle, 
draw  a  straight  line  so  as  to  cut  off  the  curvature.  Xow 
describe  an  inner  circle  from  the  same  point  as  the  first, 
a  little  less  than  a  quarter  the  radius  of  the  other,  say 


3k  in.  (or  on  a  corresponding  scale),  and  draw  straight 
lines  as  before  from  point  to  point  where  the  circle  cuts 
them,  and  the  figure  is  finished.  You  have  now  only  to 
cut  partially  the  card-board  down  the  radiating  lines,  so 
as  to  enable  you  to  bend  it  into  the  form  of  a  conical  box ; 
then,  cutting  off  the  curvature  at  top  and  bottom,  and 
lining  it  with  black  paper  or  linen,  so  as  to  allow  of  its 
being  pressed  flat  for  the  purpose  of  occupying  but  little 
space,  your  instrument  is  complete.  To  prove  its  ac- 
curacy, place  your  camera  in  any  convenient  position, 
and  observe  the  objects  that  are  just  visible  on  either 
extreme  of  your  ground  glass.  Try  your  instrument  from 
the  same  place,  and  if  it  takes  in  the  same  object  it  is 
quite  correct ;  if,  however,  it  does  not  take  in  so  much, 
you  must  by  little  and  little  increase  the  size  of  the  small 
end  by  cutting  more  off  it,  till  the  objects  do  appear. 
The  instrument  may  be  made  on  any  scale ;  that  of  ^  in. 
to  the  inch  is  a  very  convenient  one ;  and  it  is  recom- 
mended that  the  aperture  of  the  small  end  should  not  be 
less  than  1  in.,  so  as  not  to  contract  the  pupil  of  the  eye 
or  cause  you  to  see  along  the  outer  side  of  the  instru- 
ment." 

Buckle's  Brush. — I  find  that  one  correspondent  in 
"  X.  &  Q."  has  insinuated  that  DK.  DIAMOND  may  be 
"  a  bungler,"  and  another  has  noticed  him  as  one  that 
"  had  taken  upon  himself,"  forsooth,  because  the  Doctor 
had  hinted  an  opinion  as  to  the  merits,  not  of  another 
photographer,  but  of  a  small  implement,  which  is  used  by 
some  practitioners  and  -rejected  by  others.  These  corre- 
spondents have  had  no  hesitation  in  giving  their  own 
opinion  of  the  said  implement  at  great  length,  and  with 
perfect  freedom.  So  far  they  had  a  right  to  go,  and  no 
farther.  It  is  not  at  all  likely  that  DR.  DIAMOND  will 
condescend  to  notice  the  discourtesy  with  whioh  he  has 
been  treated;  but  if  persons  are  to  be  lectured  for  saying 
what  thev  think  of  things,  the  art  of  photography  (if  not 
"  N.  &  Q"")  is  likely  to  be  a  loser.  T.  D."  EATON. 

Norwich. 


to  fHmar  ©uerfctf. 

Rules  of  Precedence  (Vol.  x.,  p.  207.).  —  At  the 
coronations  of  George  III.,  William  IV.,  and  our 
present  most  gracious  Sovereign,  the  dowager 
peeresses  were  placed  in  the  respective  cere- 
monials with  precedence  above  that  of  the  wives 
respectively  of  the  existing  peers  of  the  same 
titles.  THOS.  W.  KING,  York  Herald. 

[The  receipt  of  this  reply  from  so  good  an  authority  as 
York  Herald,  has  led  us  to  make  some  farther  investi- 
gation into  the  question,  and  we  find  that  he  is  right  and 
we  were  wrong.  In  the  same  note  we  intended  to  speak 
of  the  sons  of  the  reigning  sovereign  sitting  "next  to  or 
beside  "  the  cloth  of  estate,  and  not  under,  as,  in  the 
pressure  with  which  such  notes  are  sometimes  written, 
we  have  inadvertently  expressed  ourselves.] 

"  The  devil  hath  not"  frc.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  288.).  —  In 

reply  to  your  correspondent  M A  L.,  I  beg  to 

acquaint  her  that  the  quotation  — 

"  The  devil  hath  not.  in  all  his  quiver's  choice, 
An  arrow  for  the  heart  like  a  sweet  voice  "  — 

is    from    Byron.      (Vide   Don   Juan,    canto   xv. 
stanza  13.)  '  NEWBURIENSIS. 

[We  are  also  indebted  to  C.  F.  and  other  correspondents 
for  similar  replies.] 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


353 


"  On  the  green  slope"  fyc.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  288.).  — 
The  lines  inquired  after  by  SELEUCTJS  — 

"  On  the  green  slope 
Of  a  romantic  glade  we  sat  us  down, 
Amid  the  fragrance  of  the  yellow  broom, 
While  o'er  our  heads  the  weeping  birch-tree  stream'd 
Its  branches,  arching  like  a  fountain-shower, 
That  look'd  towards  the  lake  "  — 

are  to  be  found  in  the  late  Professor  Wilson's  first- 
published  volume  of  poems,  entitled  The  Isle  of 
Palms  and  other  Poems,  Edinburgh,  8vo.,  1812, 
p.  368.,  in  that  called  "  Nature  Outraged."  Oims. 

"Obedient  Yamen"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  288.).  — 

"  Bear  me  back,  Yamen,  bear  me  quick, 

And  bury  me  again  in  brick ; 

Obedient  Yamen, 

Answer'd  'Amen,' 

And  did 
As  he  was  bid." 
Rejected  Addresses,  edit.  1833,  p.  52. 

W.  W.  E.  T. 

[We  are  also  indebted  to  B.,  C.  II.  COOPER,  H.  G.  T., 
C.  F.,  and  H.  MARTIN  for  similar  replies.] 

" The  storm  that  wrecks  the  winter  shy"  (Vol.x., 
p.  288.). — The  lines  copied  by  E.  V.  from  a  child's 
tombstone  — 

"  The  storm  that  wrecks  the  winter  sky,"  &c. — 
form  the  second   stanza  of  a  poem  by  the  late 
James   Montgomery,  called    "The  Grave;"   the 
commencing  stanza  of  which  is  as  follows  : 

"  There  is  a  calm  for  those  that  weep, 
A  rest  for  weary  pilgrims  found ; 
Softly  they  lie  and  sweetly  sleep, 

Low  in  the  ground." 

N.  L.  T. 

[We  are  also  indebted  to  J.  K.  H.W.,  H.  G.  T.,  G.  TAY- 
LOR, and  Joiix  ALGOR  for  replies  to  this  Query.] 

'•'•Her  mouth  a  rosebud  jilted  with  snoiv"  (Vol.  x., 
p.  288.).  —  In  answer  to  C.  H.  C.,  I  send  a  short 
paragraph  from  The  London  Journal  of  August  26, 
1854: 

"  An  Ancient  Lyric. — There  is  a  quaint  grace  in  this 
lyric,  perfect  in  its  kind,  characteristic  of  the  sons-writing 
of  the  time.  It  is  from  a  work  entitled  An  Hour's  Re- 
creation in  Jfusic,  by  Eichard  Alison,  published  in  1G06  : 

"  There  is  a  garden  in  her  face, 

Where  roses  and  white  lilies  grow ; 
A  heavenly  Paradise  is  that  place, 

Wherein  all  pleasant  fruits  do  flow. 
There  cherries  grow,  that  none  may  buy, 
Till  cherry  ripe  themselves  do  cry. 

"  These  cherries  fairlv  do  inclose 

Of  orient,  pearl  a  double  row, 
Wiiidi,  when  her  lovely  laughter  shows, 

They  look  like  rosebuds  fiil'd  with  snow, 
Yet  there  no  peer  nor  prince  may  buy, 
Till  cherry  ripe  themselves  do  cry. 
"  Her  eyes,  like  angels,  watch  them  still : 

Her  brows  like  bended  bows  do  stand, 
Threatening  with  piercing  frowns  to  kill 

All  that  approach  with  We  or  hand, 


Those  sacred  cherries  to  come  nigh, 
Till  cherry  ripe  themselves  do  cry." 


C.  FORBES. 


Temple. 

Reynolds,  Bishop  of  Hereford  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  100.). 
—  In  one  of  your  Numbers  for  .July,  1852,  a  cor- 
respondent asks  about  the  bishops  who  were  de- 
prived by  Queen  Elizabeth  (A.D.  1559),  amongst 
whom  was  Thomas  Reynolds.  I  may  just  mention 
that  a  family  of  that  name  was  settled  for  many 
years  at  the  New  House,  Elmly  Lovett,  Wor- 
cestershire, the  remains  of  which  are  only  left. 
There  was  a  tradition  preserved  in  the  family 
that  the  house  referred  to  was  built  for  a  nephew 
of  a  bishop,  and  he,  a  Bishop  of  Hereford.  Can 
this  give  any  clue  to  your  correspondent's 
Queries  ? 

The  house  and  estate  were  sold  some  years  since 
in  consequence  of  the  failure  in  male  heirs  of  the 
family.  This  information  may  possibly  meet  the 
eye  of  the  present  holder  of  the  property.  I  have 
in  my  possession  a  Bible,  for  generations  belong- 
ing to  that  family  of  Reynolds,  containing  a  re- 
gister commencing  1646,  and  with  the  baptism  of 
John  Reynolds,  the  son  of  Edward  Reynolds, 
March  14,  1646,  and  which  John  Reynolds  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Hinckes,  of  Tettenhall  Regis, 
whose  baptism  is  given  as  Feb.  11,  1653;  and  in 
a  later  register  John,  the  son  of  the  said  John, 
married  Sarah  Fox,  daughter  of  Henry  Fox  of 
Walton  Grange,  in  the  parish  of  Gnosall,  Stafford- 
shire, about  the  year  1739. 

I  give  these  particulars,  as  they  may  serve  to 
throw  some  light  on  the  family  history ;  and  should 
be  obliged  by  any  information  respecting  the 
early  history  of  the  family  for  genealogical  pur- 
poses. C.  H.  G. 

"  Baratariana  "  and  "  Pranceriana  "  (Vol.  x., 
pp.  185.  315.).  —  I  believe  ABIIBA  is  correct  in 
stating  Sir  H.  Langrishe  and  Mr.  Flood  as  con- 
tributors to  the  Pranceriana,  but  I  doubt  about 
Mr.  Grattan.  I  once  had  (and  hope  I  may  not 
have  lost)  a  copy  with  the  names  of  some  of  the 
writers  of  the  several  articles.  It  is  at  present 
(even  if  I  have  it)  out  of  my  reach ;  but  I  can 
state  that  the  Reverend  Mr.  Simpson,  who,  I 
think,  lived  to  a  good  old  age  in  Marlborough 
Street  in  Dublin,  was  an  important  contributor, 
and  acted  as  editor  of  the  little  volume  when  the 
pieces  were  collected.  It  has  a  great  deal  of 
pleasantry  and  even  wit. 

Pranceriana  was  of  a  later  date  and  inferior  in- 
terest, and,  as  your  correspondent  A  DUBLIN 
GRADUATE  says  (p.  315.),  Dr.  Duigenan  was  a 
principal  contributor  ;  but  he  was  by  no  means  the 
only  one.  Very  little  of  the  pleasantries  wtre 
supposed  to  be  his.  Of  this,  too,  I  have  an  anno- 
tated copy,  which  I  cannot  just  now  refer  to  ;  but 
I  think  it  better  to  tell  at  once  the  little  I  know 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261. 


of  these  clever  but  almost  forgotten  pasquinades, 
than  risk  the  not  telling  it  at  all.  C. 

The  noted  Westons. — DR.  DIAMOND  (Vol.  x., 
p.  286.)  claims  the  above  worthies,  or  unworthies, 
as  belonging  to  Winchelsea.  We  in  Lichfield  have 
always  considered  that  they  belonged  to  us.  It 
is  most  probable  that  they  had  no  fixed  abode, 
but  moved  about  as  circumstances  required.  It 
is  quite  certain  that  Joseph  resided  here,  and  kept 
up  a  respectable  appearance,  and  managed  his 
highway  matters  so  cleverly  as  to  avoid  detection  ; 
but  I  believe  he  was  executed  for  the  offence  of 
stealing  a  game  cock,  which  was  considered  felony 
by  an  old  act  of  parliament.  I  have  a  copy  of  an 
etching  of  them  done  by  the  father  of  a  gentleman 
now  living  in  this  city :  they  are  in  full  length, 
with  pistols  in  their  hands.  One  is  called  "George ; 
the  other  is  Joseph,  at  Lichfield."  And  at  the 
bottom  is  — "  The  noted  Westons,  as  dressed  and 
armed  when  taken  by  Mr.  Clark,  from  an  original 
drawing."  About  the  period  of  their  residence 
here,  there  was  a  large  gang  of  highwaymen,  and 
no  doubt  they  formed  part  of  it.  T.  G.  L. 

If  DR.  DIAMOND  will  refer  to  the  first  index- 
volume  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  he  will  find 
the  reference  to  the  trial  and  execution  of  the 
Westons.  If  he  will  then  refer  to  the  same  year 
in  the  Annual  Register,  he  will  see  some  additional 
particulars.  In  Watt's  Bibliotkeca  Britannica, 
subject  WESTON,  he  may  also  find  the  title  of  a 
book  giving  an  account  of  their  lives.  I  have 
made  these  references,  but  have  not  the  books  at 
hand.  E.  M. 

Hastings. 

The  Herodians  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  9.  135.).  — Though 
there  has  been  a  diversity  of  opinion  on  the  sub- 
ject of  the  Herodians,  it  seems  generally  under- 
stood by  the  best  authorities  that  they  were  a  sect 
devoted  to  the  Roman  government,  and  conse- 
quently to  Herod  the  Great,  who  owed  his  king- 
dom to  the  Roman  senate  and  Augustus.  They 
are  believed  to  have  so  far  nattered  Herod,  as  to 
think  he  was  the  Messias,  because  they  saw  that 
in  him  the  sceptre  had  been  taken  away  from 
Juda.  Herod  greedily  caught  at  this  flattery, 
slaughtered  the  Holy  Innocents,  and  built  the 
Jews  a  magnificent  temple.  These  are  the 
opinions  respecting  the  Herodians  of  St.  Jerom, 
Origen,  St.Epiphanius,  Tertullian,  Theophylactus, 
Euthymius,  and  Baronius.  F.  C.  H. 

Myrtle  Bee  (Vol.  x.,  p.  136.).  — I  hope  MR. 
BROWN  will  pardon  me  if  for  the  present  I  still 
retain  my  former  opinion,  that  it  is  some  insect. 
I  have  not  said  it  must  be  the  "  humming-bird 
hawk-moth,"  but  merely  suggested  that  species, 
because  I  have  personally  known  it  to  be  not  un- 
frequently  mistaken  for  a  bird.  Neither  do  I  un- 


dertake to  say  that  MR.  HUTCHINSON'S  animal  was 
a  humming-bird  hawk-moth  and  nothing  else ; 
but  I  believe  it  to  have  been  so,  as  his  description 
exactly  tallies  with  that  insect,  and  particularly  in 
its  mode  of  escape,  which  I  have  several  times 
seen  practised,  and  which  its  really  minute  size 
enables  it  easily  to  accomplish.  I  have  been  pro- 
ceeding all  along  on  the  supposition  that,  if  a  bird, 
the  myrtle  bee  is  one  of  very  small  size,  and  un- 
described,  at  least  as  British.  When  MR.  BROWN 
has  obtained  one  of  these  common  animals,  I  hope 
he  will  submit  it  to  some  naturalist,  and  kindly 
favour  us  with  its  scientific  name.  Should  it 
prove  to  be  a  new  bird,  I  am  sure  that  I,  in 
common  with  the  rest  of  the  ornithological  world, 
shall  be  much  interested  in  the  fact,  and  thank 
him  for  its  discovery.  WM.  HAZEL. 

Portsmouth. 

Cornish  Words  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  178.  300.  318.). 
— The  list  is  very  curious,  but  how  can  it  be  said 
that  all  the  words  are  only  Cornish  ?  Many  a 
year  hence  writers  from  all  parts  of  England  may 
be  referred  to  Cornwall,  if  some  little  protest  be 
not  respectfully  made.  Take  the  very  first  word, 
"Abide;"  cannot  abide  a  thing  is,  not  able  to 
suffer  or  put  up  with  it.  Is  this  a  phrase  peculiar 
to  Polperro  in  Cornwall,  and  "not  usual  else- 
where." I  cannot  abide  such  a  supposition.  I 
set  down  the  words,  to  which  I  am  perfectly  well 
accustomed,  as  used  here  in  London  in  the  sense 
given  by  VIDEO. 

"  Abide,  ax  for  ask,  banging,  beastly,  bettermost,  bump- 
kin, chap,  dish  (to  finish  or  put  down),  flopp,  fuddled, 
giggle,  gigglet  (Shakspeare),  glib,  grab,  gut  (Gut  of  Gib- 
raltar, for  instance),  hob,  hulk,  ingan,  jam,  joggle  (a  car- 
penter's word),  kit,  clip  (not  klip,  usually),  lank,  lick, 
lights,  loft,  lug  (verb),  mammy,  mawl,  mazed,  mug,  mul- 
ligrubs." 

Some  of  these  words  are  excessively  common. 
Is  there  no  place  except  Polperro  in  Cornwall 
where  it  is  usual  to  use  the  word  lick  as  "  to  beat, 
to  conquer  one  in  fight  with  the  fist,  to  beat 
him  well  ?  "  Is  not  the  phrase  borrowed  from  the 
schoolboys,  who  always  use  it  when  speaking  of 
a  victory  with  the  fists  ?  I  have  heard  very  many 
times,  lately,  that  we  have  been  licking  the  Rus- 
sians ;  and,  though  I  never  was  in  Cornwall,  I 
never  for  a  moment  imagined  that  our  soldiers 
had  been  applying  their  tongues  to  Nicholas's 
dirty  infantry.  I  cannot  but  suppose  that  VIDEO 
has  made  his' collection  at  one  time,  and  has  added 
the  heading  at  another.  M. 

Topographical  Etymologies  (Vol.  x.,  p.  266.). — 
A  large  collection  of  these  could  easily  be  made 
from  "topographical  works,  county  histories,  &c., 
from  Drayton's  Polyolbion  and  Camden's  Bri- 
tannia  downwards,  and  would  be  very  useful. 

B.  H.  C. 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


Colloquial  Changes  of  Words  (Vol.  x.,  p.  240.). 
"  Then,  next  day,  on  to  Blenheim,  I  suppose  ?  " 
&c.  In  addition  to  the  misnomer  of  Partition 
(Titian)  gallery,  I  can  give  you  as  a  fact  the  fol- 
lowing amusing  instances  in  the  way  of  colloquial 
changes : 

A.  How  did  you  enjoy  your  ride  in  Woodstock 
Park  ? 

B.  Oh !  my  horse  took  fright  at  the  basilisk 
(obelisk),  and  nearly  threw  me  into  the  turpentine 
(serpentine)  river. 

I  remember  also  an  elderly  lady,  on  being  ques- 
tioned respecting  her  late  husband,  replying  that 
he  had  been  the  incumbrance  of  the  living  for 
nearly  forty  years.  N.  L.  T. 

Unregistered  Proverb  (Vol.  x.,  p.  211.). — Your 
correspondent  H.  T.  G.,  of  Hull,  has  not  been 
rightly  informed  as  to  the  unregistered  proverb, 
"  Pity  without  help  is  like  mustard  without  beef," 
it  being  generally  rendered  "  Pity  without  relief 
is  like  mustard  without  beef,"  which  comes  more 
pleasantly  to  the  ear.  D.  M. 

Lines  at  Jcrpoint  Abbey  (Vol.  x.,  p.  308.)  are 
noticed  in  the  first  edition  of  A  Catalogue  of 
privately -printed  Books,  no  author's  name.  The 
relations  of  Mr.  Sheffield  Grave  must  know  the 
writer.  W.  H. 

General  Guyon — Kurschid  Paclia  (Vol.  x., 
p.  165.).  —  By  applying  to  that  eminent  physician 
Dr.  Grant,  of  Richmond,  father-in-law  of  the  dis- 
tinguished officer  Major  Edwardes  (a  hero  of  a 
very  different  stamp  from  Kurschid  Pacha),  CG. 
will  learn  more  than  probably  he  expects  or  wishes 
to  know  of  the  soi-disant  General  Guyon. 

NEMESIS. 

Picture  by  Crevelli  Vcneziano  (Vol.  x.,  p.  265.). 
—  Perhaps  K.  P.  D.  E.  may  find  a  clue  to  the 
meaning  of  the  picture  in  the  Zambeccari  Gallery, 
by  referring  to  a  passage  in  Didron's  "  History  of 
Pictures  of  God  the  Son,"  in  the  Christian  Icono- 
graphy, Bohn's  translation,  vol.  i.  pp.  264 — 268. 

CEYEEP. 

JSpitaph  on  a  Priest  (Vol.  x.,  p.  100.).  —  May 
not  "  Posteris  suis"  mean  his  successors  in  office  ? 

J.  P.  O. 

Pictaveus  (Vol.x.,  p.  162.). — MOSSOM  MEEKIUS 
is  referred  to  Hunter's  South  Yorkshire,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  300.  384.  483.  and  484.  The  arms  he  is  in 
search  of  are  probably  those  of  Le  Poictevin,  or 
Poitevin  (Pictaviensis).  C.  J. 

Celebrated  Wagers  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  450.  ;  Vol.  x., 
p.  247.).  —  It  is  recorded  of  Sir  John  Pakington, 
called  "Lusty  Pakington"  (Queen  Elizabeth  called 
him  "her  Temperance")  that  — 
"  He  entered  into  articles  to  swim  against  three  noble 
courtiers  for  3000/.,  from  the  bridge  at  Westminster  to 


the  bridge  at  Greenwich;  but  the  queen,  by  her  special 
command,  prevented  the  putting  it  into  execution."  — 
English  Baronetage,  vol.  i.  p.  389. 

B.  H.  C. 

Luke  ii.  14.  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  185.  254.).  —  Keble, 
in  his  Christian  Year,  in  the  poem  on  "  Christmas 
Day,"  has  this  couplet  as  the  song  of  the  angels: 

"  Glory  to  God  on  high,  on  earth  be  peace, 
And  love  towards  men  of  love, — salvation  and  release." 

In  a  note  he  says,  "  I  have  ventured  to  adopt 
the  reading  of  the  Vulgate,  as  being  generally 
known  through  Pergolesi's  beautiful  composition, 
'  Gloria  in  excelsis  Deo,  et  in  terra  pax  hominibus 
bon(e  voluntatis  !' "  H.  MARTIN. 

Halifax. 

Ill  Luck  averted  (Vol.  x.,  p.  224.).  —  We  may 
go  back  a  long  way,  as  far  as  Pisthetscrus,  per- 
haps, for  this.  He  tells  us  — 

'"IKTIVOS  &'  ofiv  TCOI/  'EAA.ijfcoi'  3pX£v  T°Te  Ka/SaaiAeve. 
Epops.   Tail/  'EAAiji'WV  ; 

Pistil.     Kai.  KareSfi^fv  y  ofiros  TT/JWTOS  /SacriAeu'iuf 
HpOKvb.i.vStlo'dai.  rots  ifcriVois." 

Aristophanes,  Aves,  498 — 500. 

Thence,  perhaps,  the  magpies  inherit  it. 

WILLIAM  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

Door-head  Inscriptions  (Vol.  x.,  p.  253.). — 
Over  the  doorway  of  the  great  Cistertian  monas- 
tery of  Furstenfeld,  situated  between  Augsburg 
and  Munich,  was  placed  the  following  inscription  : 

"  Ad  Hospites. 

Conjugis  innocuffi  fusi  monumenta  cruoris, 
Pro  culpa  pretium  claustra  sacrata  vides." 

It  alludes  to  the  fact  that  when  Mary  of  Brabant, 
daughter  of  Henry  the  Magnanimous,  and  wife  of 
Louis  the  Severe,  Count  Palatine  of  the  Rhine, 
had  been  put  to  death  by  her  husband  through 
jealousy  and  the  error  of  the  messenger ;  he  af- 
terwards, to  make  some  atonement,  and  for  the 
sake  of  her  soul,  founded  this  monastery. 

CETREP. 

Nought  and  Naught  (Vol.ix.,  p.  419. ;  Vol.x., 
p.  173.).  —  The  word  nought  occurs  thirty-six 
times  in  the  Bible,  always  with  the  sense  of  no- 
thing ;  but  in  2  Kings  ii.  19.  we  find  "the  city 
is  pleasant,  but  the  water  is  naught,"  i.  e.  bad.  I 
believe  in  the  original  the  two  words  are  distinct ; 
and  in  the  passage  I  have  quoted  the  same  word 
is  used  as  in  Jeremiah  xxiv.  2.,  "the  other  basket 
had  very  naughty  figs."  H.  C.  MALDEN. 

Did  the  Greek  Physicians  extract  Teeth  ?  (Vol.  x., 
p.  242.).  —  If  MR.  HAYES  has  not  already  consulted 
the  index  to  Galen,  and  to  the  Medico:  Artis 
Prmcipes,  he  will  probably  find  there  some  in- 
formation that  will  be  useful  to  him.  He  will  find 
in  Paulas  JEgineta  (vi.  28.)  a  chapter  "  on  the 
extraction  of  teeth,"  where  the  commentary  of 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  261. 


Dr.  Adams  may  also  be  useful.  Probably  the 
passage  of  Ctelius  Aurelianus,  to  which  he  refers, 
is  Morb.  Chron.  ii.  iv.  §  84.  p.  375.,  ed.  1755. 

M.D. 

The  Greeks  were  not  only  acquainted  with  the 
art  of  extracting  teeth,  but  made  false  ones,  and 
also  stopped  decayed  ones,  &c.,  with  gold. 

TRISTIS. 

Oblige  pronounced  oblcege  (Vol.  x.,  p.  256.).  — 
No  one  seems  to  have  stated  the  cause  of  this. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  it  was  imported  from 
France,  together  with  its  pronunciation ;  comp. 
Je  suis  oblige.  TRISTIS. 

Death  and  Sleep  (Vol.  x.,  p.  229.).  —  To  the 
passages  illustrative  of  this  idea,  which  have 
already  been  given  in  "  N".  &  Q,.,"  may  be  added 
the  following  lines.  I  have  heard  them  attri- 
buted to  an  eminent  dignitary  in  the  church, 
whose  name  has  escaped  me : 

"  Somne  levis,  quanquam  certissima  mortis  imago, 

Consortem  cupio  te  tamen  esse  tori. 
Alma  quies  optata  veni ;  nam  sic  sine  vit& 
Vivere  quam  suave  est,  sic  sine  morte  mori." 

J.G. 
Exon. 

"  Great  let  me  call  him,  for  he  conquered  me  " 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  288.).  —  This  will  be  found  in  Young's 
tragedy  of  The  Revenge,  Act  I.  Sc.  1. 

J.K.R.W. 

[We  are  also  indebted  to  H.  DEXENY,  W.W.  E.  T.,  and 
other  correspondents  for  replies  to  this  Query.] 

Friday  an  unlucky  Da>/  (Vol.  v.,  p.  200. ;  Vol.  vi., 
p.  592.).  — Adam  and  Eve  ate  the  forbidden  fruit 
on  a  Friday,  and  died  on  a  Friday.  See  Soames' 
Anglo-Saxon  Church,  p.  255. 

WILLIAM  ERASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

It  must  frequently  have  occurred  to  many  of  our 
readers,  that  as  the  field  of  literature  is  becoming  every 
day  more  and  more  extended,  the  literati  of  the  nine- 
teenth century,  without  that  useful  pioneer,  A  GENERAL 
INDEX,  would  frequently  be  compelled  to  traverse  some 
acres  of  print  to  ascertain  some  fact,  or  date,  or  name. 
In  an  index,  says  Shakspeare, 

"  There  is  seen 

The  baby  figure  of  the  giant  mass 

Of  things  to  come  at  large." 

And  Johnson,  too,  aptly  explains  it  "  the  Discoverer,  the 
hand  that  points  to  anything,  as  the  hour  of  a  dial."  So 
important  are  these  useful  documents  considered  by  the 
legislature,  that  during  the  last  century  the  following 
sums  were  paid  for  compiling  indexes  to  the  Journals  of 
the  House  of  Commons :  Mr.  Edward  Moore,  6400/.  as  a 
final  compensation  for  thirteen  years'  labour;  theEev.  Mr. 


Foster,  30007.  for  nine  years'  labour ;  the  Rev.  Dr.  Roger 
Flaxman,  3000Z.  for  the  same  time,  &c.  For  the  sake  of 
the  literary  brotherhood,  this  is  a  matter  deserving  more 
consideration  than  it  has  hitherto  received  from  all  who 
are  practically  interested  in  the  onward  progress  of  know- 
ledge. It  is,  however,  gratifying  to  find  that  the  subject 
has  at  last  been  taken  up  by  a  few  gentlemen  in  the  me- 
tropolis, who  have  just  issued  a  "Preliminary  Prospectus 
of  a  Society  for  the  Compilation  of  a  General  Literary 
Index." 

The  plan  proposed  for  carrying  out  the  objects  of  the 
Association  is  as  follows : 

"Every  member  will  be  requested  to  furnish  quarterly, 
or  at  such  periodical  intervals  as  may  be  thought  de- 
sirable, his  contributions,  upon  paper  of  a  given  size.  It 
wall  be  the  duty  of  the  secretaries  to  classify  and  arrange 
in  alphabetical  order  the  united  contributions,  and  this 
compilation  will  be  printed  periodically,  and  distributed 
amongst  the  members.  Thus  each  periodical  part  will  be 
an  index  in  itself,  so  far  as  it  extends,  and  after  the  lapse 
of  a  short  time,  the  collection  of  references  thus  obtained 
will  no  doubt  be  sufficiently  valuable  for  publication  in 
one  general  alphabetical  arrangement,  the  copyright  of 
which  will  be  the  property  of  the  Association. 

"  The  expenses  of  the  Association  will  be  limited  to  the 
outlay  required  for  stationery  and  the  printing  of  the 
quarterly  parts.  It  is  considered  that  an  annual  sub- 
scription of  10s.  will  be  amply  sufficient,  and  this  sum  is 
accordingly  proposed  as  the  payment  to  be  required  from 
persons  desirous  of  joining  the  Association.  No  farther 
liability  will  be  incurred  by  the  members. 

"  The  appointment  of  a  committee  to  superintend  the 
general  arrangement  of  the  work,  and  of  two  secretaries 
to  attend  to  its  being  earned  out,  will  take  place  as  soon 
as  the  number  of  members  is  sufficient. 

"  Every  member  who  joins  the  Association  will  be  ex- 
pected to  furnish  his  contribution  to  the  Index,  and  to 
pledge  himself  to  the  accuracy  of  the  matter  furnished, 
grounded  on  a  personal  examination  of  the  books  referred 
to. 

"References  must  be  made,  in  general,  to  the  best 
editions  of  the  works ;  but  in  cases  where  a  contributor  is 
deprived  of  access  to  the  best  edition,  it  will  be  the  duty 
of  the  secretaries  to  adapt  the  reference  to  such  edition  by 
an  inspection  of  the  work  at  some  public  library. 

"  Members  will  be  supplied  with  such  instructions  as 
will  ensure  uniformity  of  plan. 

"Suggestions  on  the  subject  of  the  proposed  Associa- 
tion will  be  gratefully  received  from  all  persons  desirous 
of  taking  part  in  it.  Communications  to  be  addressed  to 
the  Hon.  Sec.,  pro  tern.,  H.  C.  Nisbet,  Esq.,  6.  Lincoln's 
Inn  Fields,  London." 

The  object  is  so  good  that  we  have  given  these  details 
at  length,  although  there  are  many  of  them  which  ob- 
viously require  farther  consideration. 

The  long-announced  volume  of  Curiosities  of  London, 
by  Mr.  John  Timbs,  F.S.A.,  is  just  ready  for  publication 
by  subscription.  The  work  will  exceed  750  closely 
printed  pages:  the  author's  materials  have  been  five-and"- 
twenty  years  in  collection ;  and  the  verification  of  names, 
dates,  and  circumstances  has  been  aided  by  commu- 
nications, as  well  as  by  the  author's  personal  recollection 
of  nearly  fifty  years'  changes  in  the  aspect  of  the  metro- 
polis. The  "  Curiosities  "  will  include  the  topography  of 
the  town  in  its  more  celebrated  localities  and  associations ; 
manners  and  characteristics ;  its  existing  antiquities,  and 
collections  of  rare  art  and  vertu,  libraries  and  museums ; 
its  public  buildings,  and  royal  and  noble  residences ;  its 
great  institutions,  its  public  amusements  and  exhibitions, 
manufacturing  and  commercial  establishments ;  so  as  to 
chronicle  the  renown  of  Modern  as  well  as  Ancient  London. 


OCT.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PUKCHASH. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  trie  following  Books  to  be  sent  direct  to 
the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose : 

BURNS'  WORKS, by  Cunningham.    SVols.  8vo.    Cochran. 
2nd  Vol.  TYTLER'S  SCOTLAND.  10-vol.  Edition.    8vo.    Tait. 
M'INTVBK'S  GAELIC  POEMS. 
OSSIAN'S  POEMS,  Ur.  Smith's  Edition. 
M'KINUIE'S  COLLECTION  op  GAELIC  POEM«. 
7th  Vol.  of  17-vol.  Edition  of  BVHON'S  WORKS. 

Wanted  by  £.  Stewart,  Bookseller,  Cross,  Paisley. 

INDOLENCE  ;  a  Poem,  by  Madam  Cilesia.    1772. 
GRAVES'  REMINISCENCES  OF  SHENSTONE. 

Wanted  by  Frederick  Dins/Hale, Esq.,  Leamington. 


SARGENT'S  LANDS^APF    ILLUSTRATIONS  op  SHAKSPKARE.    Folio.    India 
Proofs.    All  after  Part  IX. 

Wanted  by  A.  Griffiths,  Bookseller,  8.  Baker  Street. 


VIROILII  OPERA,  Vol.  I.,  ed.  P.  Masvicius.    Leovardiie,  1717. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Hartley,  East  Leak,  near  Loughborough. 


ta 


We  hare  niain  to  request  the  attention  of  OUR  CORBESPON  DENTS  to  the 
following  points: 

1.  To  write  clearly  and  distinctly,  especially  when   tenting   Proper 
Names,  or  giriny  Quotations. 

2.  In  all  Quotations  to  specif?/  not  only  the  volume  and  page,  but  also 
tlie  particular  edition  of  the  work  from  whiih  they  quote. 

3.  In  the  case  of  Replies  to  give  the  page  and  volume  of  the  Querjl  to 
which  each  Hcply  refers.    This  entails  very  little  trouble  upon  the  writer, 
but  its  OIK  issiuii  adds  very  greatly  to  our  labour. 


P.  3.  F.  G.  (Leicester).  Would  this  Correspondent  transcribe  one  of 
the  letters  he  refers  to  f  We  could  thereby  ascertain  whether  they  hare 
been  printed. 

IGNORAMUS.  The  sons  of  the  smweign  are  Princes  by  birth;  they 
only  become  Dukes  when  the  Sovereign  thinks  proper  to  exercise  the 
prerogative  of  the  Crown  in  so  creating  them.  Thus,  the.  father  of  HER, 
PRESENT  MAJESTY,  the  fourth  son  of  George  III.,  lorn  2nd  Nov.  1767, 
was  always  styled  PRINCE  EU-.VARD,  until  tlte  2.3rd  April,  1799,  when  h* 
was  created  DUKE  op  KENT. 

K.  McN.  Is  our  Correspondent  aware  that  Charles  Marquess  of 
Londonderry,  the  biographer  of  his  brother,  is  dead  f 

J.  R.  G.  "  Tempora  mutantur,"  ffc.,  is  from  Borbonius.  See  "  N.&  Q.," 
Vol.  i.,  pp.  231.  419. 

H.  E.  W.  (Sydney.  N.  S.  W.)  The  Relics  of  Father  Prout  (the  Rev. 
F.  ilahoney)  were  published  some  years  ago  by  Fraser. 

C.  M.  J.  We  do  not  knmv.  Will  you  specify  the  article .'  or,  if  you 
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See  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  v.,  p.  66. 

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CONTENTS. 


NOTES  :  — 


Page 


Collar  of  SS.,  by  E.  P.  Shirley  -  -  357 
POPIANA  :  —  "  The  Duneiad  "  —  Pope's 

Memorial  to  his  Mother  -  -  358 
Words  and  Phrases  common  at  Polperro, 

but  not  usual  elsewhere  -  -  358 
Cousin's  "Lectures  on  Kant,"  by  C. 

Mansfield  Ingleby  -  -  -  360 

Eugene  Aram,  by  R.  C.  Warde  -  -  361 

Monumental  Brasses,  by  F.  S.  Growse  -  361 

MINOR  NOTKS  :  —  Harwood  the  Com- 
poser —  A  Suggestion  —  Hour-glass  — 
Epitaph  on  William  Lilly  —  Geneyese 
Wine  Merchants  —  Russian  Civilis- 
ation _  Books  with,  defectively-ex- 
pressed Titles  -  -  -  -  362 

QUERIES  :  — 
Peter  Burman        -         -         -         -   363 

MINOR  QUERIES  :— Hare's  Accusation— 
BosweU's  Arithmetic  —  Heraldic  — 
Ancient  Reservation  —  Oxford  Jeu 
d'Esprit  —  Thaddeus  Connellan  — 
Anastatic  Printing  _  "  The  Savage  " 
_  Turkish  Victories  —  The  Czarina 
Catherine  —  Cromwell's  Irish  Grants 
— Augier,  a  Watchmaker— Buying  the 
Devil  —  Railroads  in  England  -  363 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
The  "  Antiquities  of  Killmackumps- 
haugh"  — The  Zouaves  — The  Com- 
posers of  the  Old  Version  of  the  Psalms 

—  German  Distich  —  Topham  the  An- 
tiquary _"  The  Repertory  of  Records  " 

—  B.    Dingley  — "  Nil   actum   repu- 
tans,"  &c.  —  Kev.  Edward  De  Chair  — 
"Clubs    of   London"  —  Pownall  — 
Pappus      .....    365 

1REPLIES     :  — 

Griffin's  "Fidessa,"  by  Richard  Greene  367 
The  School-boy  Formula,  by  Honor£  de 

Mareville,  &c.  -  -  -  -  369 
Spender's  "Fairy  Queen,"  by  B.  H.  Al- 

ford  -  -  -  -  370 

Antiquities  of  the  Eastern  Churches  -  370 

Old  Cornish  Song,  by  Edward  Pole  -  371 

Actons  of  Shropshire  -  -  -  371 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Sen- 
sitive collodionized  Plates  —  Photo- 
graphic Cavils  ...  -  372 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  : —Cole- 
ridge's Lectures  on  Shakspeare  —  Dar- 
ling's "  Cyclopaedia  Bibliographica  " — 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  his  Descend- 
ants— Ecclesiastical  Maps —'Prentice 
Pillars,  Roslyn— Prophecies  respecting 
Constantinople  —  Flowers  mentioned 
by  Shakspeare  — "  I  saw  thy  form  in 
youthful  prime  "  —  "  In  signo  Thau  " 
—  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey's  Li- 
brary —  Geoffrey  Alford,  stc.  -  -  373 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X — No.  262. 


Multic  terricolis  lingua;,  coclestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LT1  AND  SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
Free  by  Post.  It  contains  Lists  of 
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rallel-passages Bibles ;  Greek  Critical  and 
other  Testaments  ;  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  and  many 
other  Languages,  in  great  variety  ;  Aids  to  the 
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other  "Works.  By  Post  Free. 

London  :  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS, 

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Volume  for  NOVEMBER,  2s.  6d.  cloth, 

WALLER'S     POETICAL 
WORKS. 

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In  1  large  vol.,  super-royal  8vo.,  price  21. 12s.  6d. 
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nYCLOP^DIA  BIBLIOGRA- 

\J  PHICA :  a  Library  Manual  of  Theo- 
logical and  General  Literature,  and  Guide 
to  Books,  for  Authors,  Preachers,  Students, 
and  Literary  Men  ;  Analytical,  Biblio- 
graphical, and  Biographical.  By  JAMES 
DARLING. 

"  Obviously  useful,  and  carefully  compiled." 
—  Notes  and  Queries,  No.  241. 

A  Prospectus,  with  Specimens  and  Critical 
Notices,  sent  Free  on  receipt  of  a  Postage 
Stamp. 

London:  JAMES  DARLING,  81.  Great 
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price  9s.  6d. 

LITERARY  REMAINS  OF 
HENRY  FYNES  CLINTON,  M.A., 
Author  of  the  "Fasti  Hellenic!  "  and  "  Fasti 
Rpmani :  "  comprising  his  Autobiography  and 
Literary  Journal,  and  brief  Theological  Essays. 
Edited  by  the  REV.  C.  J.  FYNES  CLINTON, 
M.A. 

London  :  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


This  Day  it  published,  in  8vo.,  with  Maps  and 
Plans,  price  18s.,  cloth. 

THE  GEOGRAPHY  OF  HE- 
RODOTUS  DEVELOPED,  EX- 
PLAINED, and  ILLUSTRATED,  from. 
MODERN  RESEARCHES  and  DISCO- 
VERIES. By  J.  TALBOYS  WHEELEK, 
F.R.G.S. 

London  :  LONGMAN,  BP  OWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


NEW  WORK  BY  MRS.  JAMESON. 
On  Friday  next  will  be  publi  hed,  in  One  Vo- 
lume, square  crown  8vo.,  with  Etchings  and 
Wood  Engravings, 

COMMON-PLACE    BOOK 

_  OF  THOUGHTS,  MEMORIES,  and 
FANCIES,  original  and  selected.  By  MRS. 
JAMESON,  Author  of  "  Sacred  and  Legend- 
ary Art." 

London  :  LONGMAN.  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


FAN( 


NEW  LIBRARY  EDITION. 

Just  published,  beautifully  printed  by  Whit- 
tingham.  With  Eight  Illustrations  from 
Drawings  by  John  Absolon.  Square  fools- 
cap 8vo.  Price  5s.  cloth,  Ifls.  toil,  morocco 
antique,  or  bound  by  Hayday,  calf  extra, 

THfiVlCAR  of  WAKEFIELD. 
By  OLIVER  GOLDSMITH. 
"  One  of  the   most   popular   books   in  the 
English  language,  and  by  far  the  Sliest  speci- 
men of  Goldsmith's  prose."  —  Quarterly  /ie» 
view. 

GRANT  &  GRIFFITH,  successors  to  NEW- 
BEKY  &  HARRIS.  Comer  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  yard. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


50,000  CUKES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

T^U    BARRYS    DELICIOUS 

\J  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhcea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headaches,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceaehe,  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
Between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  cough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
eood  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAPTIOW  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1854,  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill,  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  c/50,000  Cures: 

Cure  No.  47,121 :— "Miss  Elizabeth  Jacobs, 
of  Nazing  Vicarage,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts  : 
a  cure  of  extreme  nervousness,  indigestion, 
gatherings,  low  spirits,  and  nervous  fancies." 

Cure  No.  48,314  :  — "  Miss  Elizabeth  Yeoman, 
Gateacre,  near  Liverpool :  a  cure  of  ten  years 
dyspepsia,  and  all  the  horrors  of  nervous  irri- 
tability." 

Cure  No.  3906  :  "  Thirteen  years'  cough, 
indigestion,  and  general  debility,  have  been 
removed  by  Du  Barry's  excellent  Revalenta 
Arabica  Food."— JAMES  PORTEB,  Athoi  Street, 
Perth. 

Cure  48,615:  — "For  the  last  ten  yean  I 
have  been  suffering  from  dyspepsia,  headaches, 
nervousness,  low  spirits,  sleeplessness,  and  de- 
lusions, and  swallowed  an  incredible  amount 
of  medicine  without  relief.  I  am  happy  to  say 
that  your  food  has  cured  me,  and  I  am  now 
enjoying  better  health  than  I  have  had  for 
many  years  past."  — J.  S.  NEWTO.V,  Plymouth, 
May  9th,  1851. 

No.  37,403,  Samuel  Laxton,  Esq.,  a  cure  of 
two  years'  diarrhoea.  Mr.  William  Martin,  a 
cure  of  eight  years'  daily  vomiting.  Richard 
Willoughby,  Esq.,  a  cure  of  many  years'  bi- 
liousness. 

Colonel  H.  Watkins,  of  Grantham,  a  cure  of 
(rout ;  Mr.  Joseph  Walters,  Broadwell  Col- 
fiery,  Oldbury,  near  Birmingham,  a  cure  of 
angina  pectoris  ;  and  50,000  other  well-known 
individuals,  who  have  sent  the  discoverers  and 
Importers,  BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO., 
77.  Regent  Street,  London,  testimonials  of  the 
very  extraordinary  manner  in  which  their 
health  has  been  restored  by  this  useful  and 
economical  diet,  after  all  other  remedies  had 
been  tried  in  vain  for  many  years,  and  all 
hopes  of  recovery  abandoned. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lib.,  2s. 
9<J.;  21b.,  4s.  6d.  ;  51b.,  lie. ;  121b.,22s.  ;  super- 
refined,  lib  ,  6s., ;  21b.,  Us.  ;  5lb.,22s.  ;  lOlb., 
33s.  The  lOlb.  and  121b.  carriage  free,  on  post- 
office  order.  Barry,  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77. 
Regent  Street,  Ixjudon ;  Fortnum,  Mason,  & 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
also  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street ;  330.  Strand  j  of 
Barclay,  Edwards,  Sutton,  Sanger,  Hannay, 
Newberry,  and  may  bg  ordered  through  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers,  Grocers,  and  Chemists. 


VYLO-IODIDE   OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

./Y.  tographic  Establishments.  — The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CATTTIOW.— Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP :  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  U.,  2s., 
and  3s.  6d.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdon  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

1    DION.—  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion  ! 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness   : 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto   ! 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping   j 
properties  and  appreciation   of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 
Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 

5uirements  for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
nstruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  !«.,  per  Post.  1*.  td. 


MR.   T.  L.    MERRITT'S   IM- 
PROVED CAMERA,  for  the  CALO- 
>E  and  COLLODION  PROCESSES  i  by 
which  from  Twelve  to  Twenty  Views,  &c..  may 
be  taken  in  Succession,  and  then  dropped  into 
a  Receptacle  provided  for  them,  without  pos- 
sibility of  injury  from  light. 

As  neither  Tent,  Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  as  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
ating in  a  Room. 
Maidstone,  Aug.  21. 1854. 


Jnst  published. 

PRACTICAL      PHOTOGRA- 

1     PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Light,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BUMEN, WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  6d. 
Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical   and  Photographical   Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattamed  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photosra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


(THE   SIGHT   preserved  by  the 

JL     Use  of  SPECTACLES    adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,   which    effectually   prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 
BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

I  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art. — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


WHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 

f  T      PHIC     AND     OPTICAL     WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  52.  Red  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depot  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 

ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS/TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bae 
with  the  opening  a«  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  M.  West  Strand. 

BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION, No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  hart  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  IS,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  m  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PockctChronometer.Gold, 
50  truineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2J.,  31.,  and  tl.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


357 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  4,  1854. 


COLLAR   OF   SS. 

In  the  earlier  Numbers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  there  are 
several  ingenious  essays  on  the  origin  of  this 
much-disputed  mark  of  honour ;  it  is  not  my  pur- 
pose to  add  to  the  many  speculations  of  the  anti- 
quarian world  on  this  recondite  subject  ;  but 
perhaps  the  following  legal  jeu  <f  esprit  may  not  be 
unacceptable.  I  found  it  among  the  papers  of 
Sir  Robert  Heath,  the  last  chief  justice  of  Eng- 
land during  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  (now  in  the 
possession  of  Lord  Willoughby  de  Broke,  a  de- 
scendant of  the  Heath  family,  formerly  of  Brasted 
in  Kent).  It  is  in  the  autograph  of  Sir  Robert, 
and  was  probably  written  during  the  last  two  or 
three  years  of  his  life,  which  he  passed  in  exile,  at 
Caen  in  Normandy,  where  he  died  in  August, 
1649. 

"  A  Collar  of  SS.,  consisting  of  24  Links,  for  the  Honour 
and  Ornament  of  a  Judge,  who  would  be  carefull  and  con- 
scionable  in  the  great  and  weighty  caUinge  of  Judicature. 

u  1.  Studiousnes  must  be  the  first  link  of  this  chaine ; 
y6  propensity  of  a  good  disposition  and  the  benefit  of 
natural  parts  will  much  further  him  who  intendeth  the 
study  of  the  lawes ;  but  these  mil  not  perfect  the  work, 
nor  fitt  the  man  who  afterwards  must  undergoe  the  call- 
ing of  a  judge,  unless  he  be  studious  in  the  hard  study  of 
his  profession,  for  nemo  nascitur  artifex.  To  this  must  be 
added 

"  2.  Setlednes  in  the  way  he  once  undertaketh  :  an 
inconstancy  in  his  resolution,  sometimes  to  incline  to  the 
undertaking  of  one  profession,  and  sometimes  to  another, 
and  many  times  to  no  profession  at  all,  will  never  render 
him  able  to  attayne  to  any  competent  measure  of  know- 
ledge sufficient  to  discharge  soe  great  a  dutye ;  he  may, 
and  it  is  fitt  he  should,  for  ornament,  have  an  insight  into 
Other  sorts  of  learning,  but  the  lawe  must  be  his  hoc  age. 

"  3.  Science  is  a  competency  of  time :  not  in  an  instant 
will  this  be  attayned  unto ;  and  that  must  be  had,  and 
not  in  a  superficial  or  ordinary  degree,  else  how  should 
he  be  able  to  judge  between  man  and  man,  between  cause 
and  cause,  who  is  himself  but  sciolus,  a  half-witted  man  ? 
He  must  be  magister  artis  indeed,  who  shall  sit  at  the 
Sterne  and  guide  the  compass. 

"  4.  Sapience  is  the  fourth  link  of  this  chaine.  Science 
and  knowledge  is  not  enough ;  many  have  read  much, 
and  some  dispute  probably  de  omni  cute;  but  a  wise  and 
an  understanding  heart  is  that  unum  necessarivm.  The 
wise  King  Solomon,  who  was  the  wisest  of  kings  and  of 
mere  men,  knew  it,  and  prayed  for  it,  and  by  his  prayer 
obteyned  it,  et  ceetera  omnia  superaddita  fuerant. 

"  5.  Sagacitie,  which  is  the  prudential  part  of  wisdom, 
is  of  all  things  most  necessary ;  the  ability  wisely  to  dis- 
cerne  and  distinguish  betwene  truth  and  falsehood,  and 
prudently  to  order  publicke  affaires,  is  of  great  and  im- 
portant necessity  in  a  publike  magistrate ;  the  contem- 
plative part  will  go  far  in  a  private  person,  but  the 
practical  part  must  compleate  a  judge. 

"  6.  Solertiousnes  must  be  added  to  the  rest,  else  it  will 
be  too  dull  to  meet  with  every  occurrent,  which  is  of  so 
much  varietye,  that  nothing  must  be  news,  nothing  must 
be  suddeyne,  to  him  that  sitteth  aud  moderateth  tanquam 
in  cathedra. 


"  7.  Subtilitie  will  be  requisite,  for  his  assistance,  not  to 
use,  but  to  avoyd  those  crafts  and  subtiltys  which  will 
else  be  obtruded  uppon  him. 

"  8.  Stabilitie  is  an  excellent  guift  for  such  a  callinge ; 
for  as  he  must  not  be  rash  and  suddeyne  in  his  resolutions, 
soe,  having  maturely  resolved,  he  must  be  constant  and 
resolute  to  put  it  into  a  due  execution,  for  virtutis  laus 
accio,  and  he  must  go  one  step  further. 

"  9.  Strenuousnes  must  be  added,  if  he  find  resistance, 
amongst  other  virtues  which  compleate  a  judge.  Courage 
is  one  of  the  chiefest,  and  as  this  must  be  used  with 

"  10.  Severitie  and  strictnes,  that  his  just  judgements  be 
not  neglected  nor  slighted,  soe  must  he  avoyd  a  rigide 
or  a  harsh  carriage. 

"  11.  Suavitie,  or  sweetnes  of  carriage,  is  a  wynning 
quality,  workinge  uppon  the  affections  of  those  with, 
whom  he  shall  have  to  doe;  and  where  curst  and  ill 
language  doth  alienate  the  best  of  ye  party  drawn  before 
the  judge,  either  in  a  civill  or  a  criminal  cause,  a  mild 
and  yet  a  strict  disquisition  of  the  fact,  and  imposing  of 
the  punishment,  makes  the  delinquent  see  it  is  the  hand 
of  justice,  not  of  the  judge,  which  is  uppon  him;  and  to 
this  purpose 

"  12.  Suaviloquence,  sweetnes  of  language,  is  of  great 
power,  soe  as  always  to  be  grave  and  weighty,  not  light 
or  uncomely,  which  in  a  person  of  that  callinge,  and  in 
the  place  of  judicature,  must  alwayes  be  avoyded. 

"  13.  Seriousnes,  therefore,  must  by  all  means  be  af- 
fected by  a  judge  whilst  he  is  in  agitation  of  serious 
affaires,  but  in  his  private  conversation 

"  14.  Socialitie  becometh  the  person  of  the  gravest  man, 
soe  as  he  neglect  not  the  due  consideration  of  time,  place, 
and  persons ;  for  soe  wise  men  who  are  lookers-on  will 
easily  distinguish  betwene  the  natural  and  the  politike 
part  of  a  man's  actions ;  a  cheerful  conversation  is  the 
comfort  of  a  man's  life,  and  being  thus  moderated  may 
become  a  Cato ;  and  in  this  retired  and  private  way 

"15.  Salceditie,  quicknes  and  sharpnes  of  wit,  setteth  an 
edge  to  him,  when  he  is  to  return  to  his  more  serious  af- 
faires. He  may,  and  thus  with  advantage,  lay  by  his 
roab  for  a  time ;  as  it  was  wisely  and  truly  sayd,  not 
many  years  since,  by  a  great  and  a  wise  king  [James  I.  ?], 
'  Always  state  is  no  state.' 

"16.  Sobrietie  is  a  pretious  link  in  this  chayne ;  noe  time, 
noe  place,  noe  occasion,  noe  company,  may  put  this  virtue 
off.  Bring  the  person  of  a  magistrate,  or  suffer  him  to  be 
brought  into  an  occasion  of  levitye,  and  soe  into  con- 
tempt ;  let  him  speak  like  an  angel,  or  otherwise  live  like 
a  saint,  yet  he  cann  not  redeem  this  one  error :  and  be- 
sides these  qualities,  to  make  a  judge  compleate,  there  are 
also  requisite 

"  17.  Spontaniousnes,  and  readines  to  helpe  those  who  are 
in  distress  or  suffer  injury.  He  must  not  doe  the  acts  of 
justice  unwillingly,  but  with  alacrity  and  cheerfulness. 
He  must  add  therunto 

"  18.  Sedulitie,  for  a  negligent  hand  in  such  cases  gives  in- 
couragement  to  those  who  offend ;  whereas  diligence  and 
industrye  in  those  who  are  soe  great  instruments  of  peace 
and  quietnes  to  others,  gives  life  and  spirits  to  the  well- 
disposed,  and  disheartening  to  the  contrary. 

"19.  Solicitousnes.  The  often  cogitation  of  those  dutys 
which  belong  to  the  place  of  a  judge  seriously  resolved, 
will  stirr  up  the  cares  of  a  conscionable  man,  that  he  doe 
not  soe  important  a  work  negligently. 

"20.  Simplicitye  of  heart  must  accompany  the  other  vir- 
tues, for  if  eather  expectation  of  preferment,  applause  of 
the  people,  hope  of  wealth  or  honour,  be  the  mover  of  the 
man.  and  not  a  simple  heart  and  a  sincere  conscience  to 
doe  good  in  his  callinge,  sooner  or  later  it  will  be  dis- 
covered, and  will  fayl  him  who  builds  uppon  such  a  false 
foundation. 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


"21.  Serenitie.  Clereness  of  dealing  and  expressing  him- 
self in  all  his  acts,  specially  in  his  definitive  sentences,  is 
yery  useful ;  that  he  speak  not  tanquam  cenigmata,  or  ob- 
scurely, but  planely  or  clerly ;  that  not  only  the  actors, 
but  the  bystanders,  may  perspicuously  understand  the 
meaning  thereof  for  their  instruction  and  satisfaction. 

"  22.  Suasio,  or  a  gentle  persuasion  to  the  offenders  or 
party  erring,  showing  their  errors  past,  and  advising 
them  to  be  better  advised  for  the  future,  doth  much 
avayle,  not  only  for  the  rectifying  of  their  depraved  judg- 
ment, but  for  the  admonition  of  them  and  others  for  the 
future. 

"  23.  Secrecy e  is  many  times  of  great  use  for  a  judge,  for 
before  a  cryme  be  fully  discovered,  and  the  actors  or  abet- 
tors apprehended,  a  little  opennes  preventeth  a  full  dis- 
covery ;  but  a  secret  carriage  takes  the  best  opportunity 
and  prevents  all  prevention. 

"24.  Sanctitie  is  the  close  and  crowne  of  all ;  to  doe  jus- 
tice for  justice  sake,  to  doe  justum  iuste;  for  it  is  very  hard 
for  an  ill  man  to  be  a  good  judge." 

E.  PH.  SHIRLEY. 

Houndshill,  Stratford  on  Avon. 


"  The  Dunciad"  —  The  pause  in  the  discussion 
suggested  to  me  the  policy  of  what  in  mercantile 
phrase  would,  I  suppose,  be  called  taking  stock  — 
the  collecting  together  the  information  scattered 
over  many  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  making  out  what 
MB.  THOMS  calls  for,  a  bibliographical  list  of  The 
Dunciad.  The  result,  I  regret  to  say,  has  been  by 
no  means  satisfactory.  Many  of  your  correspon- 
dents are  well  informed,  but  very  few  "  speak  by 
the  card;"  few  quote  literally,  or  describe  with 
scrupulous  exactness ;  and  many,  I  suspect,  make 
blunders  which  they  are  reluctant  to  admit. 

Thus,  C.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  130.)  quotes  words  from 
the  prolegomena  to  a  particular  edition  published 
by  Gilliver,  which  E.  T.  D.  says  are  not  to  be 
found  in  his  copy.  Am  I  to  assume  two  editions 
with  same  title-page,  or  infer  inexactness  in  C.  or 
oversight  in  E.  T.  D.?  Again,  C.  says  (Vol.  x., 
p.  277.),  "  I  have  before  me,"  &c.,  "  handsome 
quarto,"  &c.,  "printed  by  W.  Bowyer  for  M. 
Cooper,  1743."  Well,  "I  have  before  me,"  &c., 
*' handsome  quarto,"  &c.,  "  printed  for  M.  Cooper 
at  the  Globe  in  Paternoster  Row,  1743."  Are 
these  different  editions  ?  or,  as  I  suspect,  the  same 
with  a  different  title-page  ?  or,  is  there  a  mis- 
take? 

So  G.  tells  us  (Vol.  x.,  p.  258.),  that  the  edi- 
tion mentioned  by  MR.  THOMS  must  have  been 
published  after  1730,  because  the  edition  which  G. 
has  contains  a  reference  to  the  declaration  pro- 
fessedly made  before  the  Lord  Mayor  in  1730. 
Now,  no  such  declaration  is  to  be  found  in  either 
the  first  or  second  edition  by  Gilliver,  or  in  the 
editions  of  Dod,  or  Dodd,  or  Dob,  or  any  pub- 
lished in  1729.  G.,  however,  thus  proves  that 
there  was  an  edition  published  by  Gilliver  in  or 
after  1730,  and  that  fact  is  worth  something. 


There  were  probably  many  editions  published 
by  Gilliver,  —  many  by  other  booksellers.  How 
many?  in  what  order?  how  to  be  distinguished? 
are  the  questions  ;  and  I  am  satisfied  that  all  the 
isolated  efforts  of  your  correspondents  will  never 
bring  us  to  a  satisfactory  conclusion. 

I  submit,  therefore,  that  there  ought  to  be  a 
careful  examination  by  some  competent  person  of 
as  many  editions  of  The  Dunciad  as  can  be  col- 
lected :  that  such  person  should,  as  early  as  pos- 
sible, publish  a  list  in  "  N".  &  Q.,"  in  what  he 
conceives  to  be  the  order  of  publication,  with  his 
reasons,  and,  when  necessary,  with  such  notes  and 
comments  as  may  enable  others  to  distinguish  one 
edition  from  another  ;  for  I  suspect  it  will  appear, 
notwithstanding  the  fierce  denunciations  of  the 
pirates,  that  some  of  the  piratical  editions  of  Dod 
differ  only  from  the  authorised  of  Gilliver  in  the 
title-page. 

This  honourable  trust  the  Editor  will  not,  I 
hope,  refuse  to  accept.  Let  him  then  name  the 
day  up  to  which  he  will  receive  copies,  and  the 
day  on  which  copies  so  sent  will  be  returned.  I 
propose  that  all  copies  published  in  Pope's  life- 
time should  be  submitted  for  examination.  The 
additional  labour  would  be  trifling ;  and  I  have 
shown  that  correct  information  is  wanting  re- 
specting editions  published  as  late  as  1743. 

P.  T.  P. 

[Believing  as  we  do,  that  if  the  mystery  attendant  on 
the  publication  of  The  Dunciad  is  ever  to  be  cleared  up, 
we  must  first  ascertain  what  editions  are  identical,  what 
different,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  the  order  of  their  publi- 
cation, we  are  quite  willing  to  undertake  the  task  sug- 
gested by  P.  T.  P.  As  we  shall  be  glad  to  begin  as  soon 
as  possible,  we  propose  that  all  copies  of  The  Dunciad 
intended  for  our  inspection  and  report,  should  be  for- 
warded to  us  by  Saturday  the  18th  of  the  present  month, 
and  we  hope  to  be  able  to  return  them  on  Saturday  the 
9th  of  December.  —  ED.  "N.  &  Q."] 


Pope's  Memorial  to  his  Mother  (Vol.  x.,  p.  299.). 
—  The  stone  obelisk  alluded  to  by  W.  EWART 
may  be  seen  in  the  grounds  of  Gopsall  House,  in 
Leicestershire,  the  beautiful  seat  of  Earl  Howe,  to 
which  place  it  was  removed  from  Twickenham. 

N.  L.  T. 


WORDS    AND   PHRASES    COMMON    AT    POLPERRO,   BUT 
NOT    USUAL,   ELSEWHERE. 

{Continued  from  p.  320.) 

Naert,  night. 

Nail,  a  needle. 

Nattled.  Starved  to  so  thin  a  condition  as 
almost  to  be  seen  through.  The  nattlings  are  the 
small  intestines. 

Natty.  Smartly  dressed.  Every  portion  of  the 
dress  and  person  set  in  close  order,  and  well  ar- 
ranged. It  signifies  much  more  than  neat. 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


359 


Naty.  Meat  in  which  the  fat  fibres  are  much 
mixed  with  those  of  the  lean  is  said  to  be  naty. 

Neg,  neggy,  a  baby's  tooth. 

Nibby  gibby.  An  expression  I  suppose  to  be 
not  local ;  but  it  signifies,  a  very  narrow  escape  : 
"  It  was  nibby  gibby  with  him,"  that  is,  he  had  a 
very  narrow  escape  from  injury. 

Niddick.  The  pit  of  the  neck  behind,  where 
the  head  is  joined  to  it. 

Niff.  This  word  is  employed  both  as  a  sub- 
stantive and  a  verb.  An  offence  ;  a  sullen  quarrel, 
but  not  deep.  It  commonly  implies  resentment 
that  does  not  show  itself  openly :  a  silent  feeling 
of  being  offended. 

Nin  and  ninny,  to  drink.  It  is  used  chiefly  to- 
wards children,  in  a  coaxing  way,  to  entice  them 
to  drink.  Probably  this  is  the  origin  of  the  word 
ninny,  as  signifying  a  foolish,  weak  person,  in  un- 
derstanding, as  if  bemuddled  with  drink. 

Oile,  the  awn  of  barley. 

'Oodd,  a  wood. 

Orestone.  The  name  of  some  large  single  rocks 
in  the  sea,  not  far  from  land.  Some  fishes  when 
cooked  are  said  to  taste  ory,  some  things  to  smell 
ory;  that  is,  like  the  sea-beach.  The  word  there- 
fore has  a  similar  meaning  to  the  Latin  word  of  a 
like  sound,  and  referring  to  the  beach. 

Oreweed,  seaweed. 

CPzel.  The  common  name  for  the  windpipe,  or 
front  of  the  throat. 

Panger,  a  pannier  or  wicker  basket,  fitted  by  its 
shape  to  be  carried  on  the  back  of  fishermen. 

Patched,  mended  in  an  imperfect  manner  ;  cob- 
bled up,  with  newer  materials  on  the  old,  to  serve 
a  temporary  purpose. 

Pay.  This  word,  in  ordinary  language,  is  only 
used  to  signify  the  delivering  over  of  money,  or 
other  valuables,  in  discharge  of  a  debt.  But  in  its 
original  meaning,  it  seems  to  have  had  a  particular 
reference  to  the  act  or  manner  of  blotting  out  the 
record  of  the  debt.  This  was  done  in  times  not 
long  passed,  and  is  sometimes  done  now,  by  draw- 
ing a  line,  or  more  commonly  two  lines  crossing 
each  other  athwart  the  writing  in  the  book ;  and 
from  the  custom,  it  is  often  said  by  country  peo- 
ple, when  they  have  paid  a  debt,  that  the  book  is 
crossed.  But  at  the  time  when  very  few  were 
able  to  read  what  was  written,  not  only  would  it 
be  thought  unsatisfactory  to  have  nothing  more 
than  a  written  receipt  entered  in  the  book,  but 
this  drawing  a  line  across  the  record  of  the  debt 
was  supposed  too  slight  a  matter ;  and  therefore 
the  obliteration  was  made  by  dipping  the  tip  of 
the  finger  in  ink,  and  smearing  it  over  with  writ- 
ing. This  blotting  out  of  the  record  was  what 
was  particularly  understood  by  the  word  paying, 
and  not  simply  the  act  of  delivering  the  money  : 
and  hence  our  local  application  of  the  word  to  pay 
is  only  an  extension  of  the  original  meaning,  when 
it  is  applied  to  the  smearing  over  of  the  bottom  of 


a  ship  or  boat  with  pitch.  When  a  new  coat  of 
pitch  or  tar  is  thus  laid,  the  boat  is  said  to  be  paid 
over. 

Peasen,  the  plural  of  peas.  So  also  we  have 
rosen  for  roses  ;  and  I  have  heard  the  word  housen 
for  houses.  In  the  same  form  of  the  plural,  we 
have  in  common  English  the  word  children ;  but 
the  word  chicken  has  of  late  suffered  a  remarkable 
change,  as  if  there  were  no  such  word  as  chick ; 
and,  to  depart  from  all  analogy,  the  letter  s  has 
lately  been  added  to  the  former  plural,  and  many 
people  familiarly  use  the  word  chickens  as  the 
plural. 

Peendy.  Meat  which  has  begun  to  suffer  a 
change  in  smell  or  taste  ;  a  peculiar  taste  or  smell 
short  of  decay  or  decomposition. 

Penny  liggy  ;  with  an  empty  purse.  A  person 
who  has  been  from  home  and  spent  all  his  money, 
when  he  returns  with  empty  pockets,  is  said  to 
come  home  penny  liggy. 

Pin,  to  fix  one  to  a  point.  Hence  a  person  is 
said  to  be  pinned  when  he  is  so  brought  to  a  point 
that  he  cannot  escape  or  equivocate.  In  old  time, 
the  keeper  of  a  pound  was  called  a  pinner,  as  being 
one  who  fixed  and  confined  cattle  that  were 
straying.  Milton  uses  the  word  pinfold  for  the 
pound  itself. 

Pinnet,  for  pint. 

Pittis,  pale  and  wan  ;  pale  and  mournful.  It  is 
not  allied  to  the  words  pity  or  piteous,  A  person 
is  said  to  look  pittis,  when  he  is  pale  and  emaciated. 

Planching,  a  wooden  floor.  To  planch  a  floor, 
is  to  make  it  of  wood,  as  distinguished  from  a 
stone  floor. 

Fluff,  puffed  up  or  plumped  up,  as  a  spongy 
substance.  It  does  not  answer  to  the  word  plump, 
for  it  conveys  the  idea  of  inflated  emptiness.  It 
is  often  applied  to  an  apple  or  turnip  that  has  lost 
its  succulency,  without  being  deprived  of  its  ap- 
parent fulness.  A  bag  of  feathers  is  pluff- 

Plum,  soft.  Bread  is  said  to  be  plum  when  it  is 
well  fermented,  and  consequently  has  sprung  up 
well.  Any  substance,  as  fur  or  a  cushion,  is  plum, 
when  it  is  soft  and  yielding. 

Poddle,  to  move  about  with  the  feet  irregularly. 
Also,  a  puddle,  as  expressive  of  a  dirty  pool.  The 
root  seems  to  imply  such  a  movement  of  the  feet 
as  children  may  be  engaged  in  ;  and  a  puddle  is  a 
pool  stirred  up  by  thus  trampling  in  it.  It  some- 
times means  to  meddle. 

Pooh.  It  is  applied  only  to  a  heap  of  hay,  or 
what  is  elsewhere  called  a  haycock ;  but  it  seems 
the  same  word  with  peak,  which  as  well  describes 
the  point  of  a  bonnet  as  the  Peak  of  Teneriffe. 

Foot,  to  strike  about  with  the  foot,  but  not  with 
the  object  of  kicking.  Children  are  said  to  poot, 
when  in  their  sleep  they  strike  about  their  feet, 

Porr,  pother. 

Portence,  the  henge  of  a  beast ;  for  the  most 
part,  of  a  sheep. 


360 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


Pots,  the  bowels.  The  idea  corresponds  with 
a  vessel  fit  to  hold  something,  and  therefore  it  is 
of  the  same  root  with  a  pot  of  any  sort. 

Praunce,  for  prance  ;  as  daunce  for  dance. 

Preedy.  On  an  even  balance,  and  ready  to  turn 
or  vibrate  with  a  very  slight  difference  of  weight. 
The  beam  of  a  pair  of  scales  when  very  tenderly 
hung  on  the  pivot,  and  ready  to  swerve  from  a 
slight  cause,  is  said  to  be  preedy. 

Proud.  This  word  is  often  used  without  any 
reference  to  the  state  of  the  mind ;  but  simply  as 
implying  exuberance  or  overfulness.  Thus,  when 
springs  of  water  are  running  freely,  they  are  said 
to  be  proud ;  and  a  shower  in  the  morning,  when 
it  is  ushering  in  a  fine  day,  is  said  to  proceed 
from  the  pride  of  the  morning. 

Punging,  the  exposed  end  of  a  house.  It  means 
that  end  which  particularly  belongs  to  a  house ; 
for,  as  in  a  street  only  one  house,  which  is  the  one 
at  the  end,  can  be  said  to  have  both  of  its  end 
walls  its  own  (every  other  house  resting  on  the 
wall  of  the  next  house  at  one  end),  that  wall  which 
comes  last  or  first  in  the  row  is  called  the  punging 
end.  Home  Tooke  says  it  means  "  the  mansion 
-end"  (xvii.)  ;  but  it  is  never  pronounced  punjion, 
as  it  is  often  written  in  books. 

Purt,  a  sharp  displeasure,  smart  resentment.  A 
common  phrase  is,  such  a  one  "  has  taken  a  purt." 

Quarrell,  the  ordinary  word  for  a  pane  of  glass. 
The  word  is  old  Norman-French  for  a  square,  and 
may  only  mean  the  form  in  which  a  pane  was 
formerly  made. 

Raert,  right ;  raertforward  is  right  forward. 

Rake.  The  wind  is  said  by  sailors  to  rake  from 
any  given  point,  when  it  blows  gently,  so  as  to  be 
known  by  its  moving  or  drawing  the  clouds  in  or 
from  that  direction.  In  this  case  it  seems  to  ex- 
press a  comparison  to  a  garden  rake,  as  directing 
the  clouds  in  a  certain  course,  although  not  well 
marked.  The  word  rake  is  also  often  used  when 
a  person  is  said  to  be  raking  up  scandal,  or  some 
offensive  subject  which  had  been  laid  to  rest,  and 
was  supposed  to  have  been  forgotten. 

Rdny,  a  ridge  of  low  rough  rocks  in  the  sea, 
covered  and  uncovered  by  the  tide.  There  are 
places  that  have  a  local  name  from  being  such 
rocks  ;  but  the  word  is  applied  to  such  rocks  oc- 
curring anywhere.  It  is  written  renny  on  some 
charts,  but  is  not  so  pronounced. 

Reem,  the  surface  of  fluid.  It  is  particularly 
applied  to  milk,  especially  after  it  has  been  scalded 
to  form  cream.  But  the  word  reem,  as  meaning 
the  surface,  is  also  applied  to  the  sea.  It  does  not 
correspond  with  the  word  border  or  brim,  in  any 
of  its  applications.  Burns  uses  the  word  in  its 
Cornish  sense  in  his  "  Twa  Dogs  ; "  and  Leland 
employs  the  words  bryme  and  brim,  with  the 
meaning  of  our  reem.  It  appears,  therefore,  that 
our  local  meaning  was  formerly  the  general  and 
proper  one ;  and  that  it  was  not  limited  to  sig- 


nify the  margin  only,  but  implied  the  whole 
surface. 

Rheme,  to  stretch  or  extend  a  substance,  as 
India-rubber  will  do.  As  a  verb,  it  is  applied  to 
the  substance  to  be  rhemed,  and  the  person  who 
rhemes  it. 

Rode.  The  proper  and  sensible  way  of  doing  a 
thing ;  the  proper  skill  to  accomplish  an  object. 
Burns  uses  the  word  rede  in  the  same  sense,  and 
sometimes  to  signify  prudent  advice. 

Rodling,  wandering  in  the  mind ;  beginning  to 
be  mad. 

Ropp,  a  technical  word  for  a  string  or  thong 
made  of  animal  substance.  It  also  means,  to  tie 
up.  There  is  a  phrase,  "  to  rap  and  ring,"  which 
appears  to  include  this  word ;  for  it  signifies,  to 
employ  every  possible  sort  of  contrivance  and 
exertion  for  an  object ;  generally  with  the  idea  of 
trickery  as  well  as  labour. 

Rouch,  roche,  rough.  This  has  a  close  affinity 
for  the  old  French  word  for  rocks  in  the  sea. 

Rouh,  rough. 

Roving,  for  raving ;  but  commonly  used  for 
anything  very  severe  —  as  a  high  degree  of  pain, 
however  firmly  fixed.  VIDEO. 


COUSIN  S    "  LECTURES   ON    KANT. 

I  beg  to  point  out  a  strange  blunder  into  which 
Victor  Cousin  has  been  betrayed,  in  giving  a 
French  dress  to  Kant's  celebrated,  and,  in  my 
judgment,  finally  complete  distinction  between 
analytical  and  synthetical  judgments.  I  append 
an  extract  from  Mr.  Henderson's  scholarly  trans- 
lation. I  have  not,  however,  depended  upon  it. 
The  blunder  I  am  about  to  point  out  I  first  ob- 
served in  the  original  text : 

"  It  is  necessary  to  distinguish  between  the  axioms  of 
geometry  and  its  true  principles.  The  first  are  purely 
analytical,  &c.  .  .  .  The  axioms  ...  are  indispensable, 
but  unproductive  .  .  .  the  true  geometrical  principles  are 
the  definitions  [those  of  a  triangle,  a  circle,  and  a  straight 
line,  are  instanced]  which  are  synthetical  a  priori  judg- 
ments." 

Now,  on  this  point  Kant  has  been  extremely 
curt,  but  likewise  extremely  precise  and  perspi- 
cuous ;  insomuch  that  it  is  certain  that  a  reader 
who  misunderstands  Kant  here  has  no  chance  of 
understanding  him  elsewhere.  He  does  not,  in 
the  place  referred  to  by  Cousin,  employ  the  terms 
"  axioms"  and  "  definitions  ;"  but  what  in  Euclid, 
and  in  any  possible  geometrical  system,  are  and 
must  be  the  axioms,  he  (Kant)  clearly  shows  to 
be  synthetical  judgments  a  priori;  and  what  are 
truly  the  definitions  of  Euclid  he  as  clearly  shows 
to  be  analytical  judgments  ! 

If  I  shall  not  be  taking  up  too  much  of  your 
space,  I  will  add  a  table  of  axioms  of  geometry,  in 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


361 


which  no  error  can  possibly  enter,  if  Kant  be  (as 
I  am  certain  he  is)  correct  in  this  distinction  : 

Table  of  Axioms. 

1.  A  straight  line  is  one  which  is  symmetrically 
placed  between  its  (extreme)  points.    (It  is  called 
in  Euclid  a  definition,  and  is  redundant,  no  use 
being  made  of  it  by  Euclid.) 

2.  Two  straight  lines  do  not  include  a  space. 

3.  Parallel,   or  equidistant  straight  lines,   are 
those  which,  being  in  the  same  plane,  and  pro- 
duced in  both  directions  to  infinity,  do  not,  in 
either  direction,   meet   one  another.     (Called  in 
Euclid  a  definition.) 

4.  And  if  a  straight  line,   falling  upon  two 
straight  lines,  make  the  two  interior  angles  in  the 
same  direction  equal  to  two  right  angles,  these  two 
straight  lines  produced  to  infinity  meet  one  another 
in  the  direction  in  which  are  the  angles  less  than 
two  right  angles. 

5.  All  straight  lines  are  equal  to  one  another. 

6.  A  plane  superficies  is  one  in  which  any  two 
points  being  taken,  the  straight  line  between  them 
lies  wholly  in  that  superficies.     (It  is  called  in 
Euclid  a  definition,  and  is  there  redundant.) 

I  need  hardly  add,  that  all  other  so-called 
axioms  and  definitions  of  Euclid  (such  as  "  the 
whole  is  greater  than  its  part,"  "  a  triangle  is  a 
plane  figure  of  three  sides,")  are  true  definitions, 
and  express  analytical  judgments. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 

P.  S.  — I  have  written  a  work  on  the  subject  of 
Judgments  and  their  Mutual  Relations  in  Theory, 
being  the  elements  of  material  (in  contradistinction 
to  formal)  logic.  This  work  is  nearly  ready  for 
the  press ;  but,  until  I  can  see  my  way  to  making 
It  pay  its  expenses,  it  must  be  on  the  shelf. 


EUGENE   AKAM. 

Pray  find  room  for  the  following  cutting  : 

"  Copy  of  a  manuscript  found  on  a  table  in  the  cell  of 
Eugene  Aram,  who  was  executed  at  York  on  the  Gth  of 
August  inst.,  for  the  murder  of  Mr.  Daniel  Clark,  of 
Knaresborough,  in  February,  1744-5.  It  was  written 
before  an  attempt  he  had  made,  the  morning  of  his  exe- 
cution, to  take  away  his  own  life,  by  cutting  his  arm  in 
two  places  with  a  razor. 

" '  What  am  I  better  than  my  fathers  ?  To  die  is  na- 
tural and  necessary.  Perfectly  sensible  of  this,  I  fear  no 
more  to  die  than  I  did  to  be  born :  but  the  manner  of  it 
is  something  which  should,  in  my  opinion,  be  decent  and 
manly.  I  think  I  have  regarded  both  these  points.  Cer- 
tainly nobody  has  a  better  right  to  dispose  of  man's  life 
than  himself,  and  he,  not  others,  should  determine  how. 
As  for  any  indignities  offered  to  my  body,  or  silly  reflec- 
tions on  my  faith  and  morals,  they  are  (as  they  always 
were)  things  indifferent  to  me.  I  think,  though  contrary 
to  the  common  way  of  thinking,  I  wrong  no  man  by  this, 
and  hope  it  is  not  offensive  to  that  Eternal  Being  that 
formed  me  and  the  world;  and,  as  by  this  I  injure  no 


man,  no  man  can  be  reasonably  offended.  I  solicitously 
recommend  myself  to  the  Eternal  and  Almighty  Being, 
the  God  of  Nature,  if  I  have  done  amiss.  But  perhaps  I 
have  not ;  and  I  hope  this  thing  will  never  be  imputed  to 
me.  Though  I  am  now  stained  by  malevolence,  and  suffer 
by  prejudice,  I  hope  to  rise  fair  and  unblemished.  My 
life  was  not  polluted,  my  morals  irreproachable,  and  my 
opinions  orthodox. 

" '  I  slept  soundly  till  three  o'clock,  awaked,  and  then 
writ  these  lines : 

" '  Come,  pleasing  Rest,  eternal  Slumber,  fall ; 
Seal  mine,  that  once  must  seal  the  eyes  of  all. 
Calm  and  composed  my  soul  her  journey  takes, 
No  guilt  that  troubles,  and  no  heart  that  aches. 
Adieu !  thou  Sun,  all  bright  like  her  arise ; 
Adieu !  fair  Friends,  and  all  that's  good  and  wise.'  * 
Gloucester  Journal,  Sept.  4,  1759. 

In  the  same  paper  occurs  the  following  : 

"The  morning  after  he  was  condemned  he  confessed 
the  justice  of  his  sentence,  but  reflected  on  the  integrity 
and  candour  of  the  Court.  Being  asked  by  a  clergyman 
what  his  motive  was  for  committing  the  murder,  he  said, 
he  suspected  Clark  of  having  an  unlawful  commerce  with 
his  wife ;  that  he  was  persuaded,  at  the  time  when  he 
committed  the  murder,  he  did  right,  but  since  he  has 
thought  it  wrong." 

Are  these  statements  to  be  relied  on  ?  If  so, 
how  can  we  reconcile  the  spirit  of  the  MS.  with 
the  confession  ?  And  farther  still,  how  can  either 
be  reconciled  with  the  character  of  Aram,  as 
painted  by  Bulwer  ?  "  The  man  of  pure  and 
lofty  imaginings  "  could  scarcely  have  written 
such  a  MS.,  filled  as  it  is  with  false  and  self- 
sufficient  ideas.  R.  C.  WARDE. 

Kidderminster. 


MONUMENTAL   BRASSES. 

The  following  is  the  commencement  of  a  con- 
siderable number  of  additions  and  corrections  to 
Manning's  List  of  Monumental  Brasses,  gathered 
partly  from  personal  observation,  and  partly  from 
recent  publications.  The  remainder  shall  be  for- 
warded from  time  to  time,  if  it  appear  desirable, 
in  order  that  any  future  edition  of  the  List  may 
be  rendered  as  complete  as  possible. 

BERKSHIRE. 

Binfield.  W.  de  Annesfordhe,  priest,  1361. 
Dencheworth.  W.  Hyde  and  wife  (mural),  1562. 
Hampstead.  T.  Berwicke  (demi-ngure),  1443. 
Kentbury.  John  Gunter  and  wife,  1624. 
Cholsey.  John  Barfoot  (inscription),  1361. 
Cholsey.  John  Bate  (inscription),  1394. 
Cholsey.  John  Mere,  priest,  1471. 
Lambourn.  John  Estbury  and  son,  c.  1410. 
Lambourn.  John  Estbury,  c.  1480. 
Winkfield.  Thomas  Montague  (mural),  1630. 

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 

Amersham.  H.  Brudencll  and  wife,  1430. 
Bletchley.  Edward  Taylor,  1693. 
Chenies.  E.  Molyneux  and  wife,  1484. 
Chenies.  Anna  Phelip,  1510. 
Chesham.  R.  Cheyne  and  wife,  1552. 
Claydon.  A.  Anue,  priest  with  chalice,  1526. 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


Crawley.  J.  Garbrand,  priest,  1589. 
Emberton.  John  Morden,  priest,  1410. 
Halton.  H.  Bradschawe  and  wife,  1553. 
Hambleden.  A  civilian  and  wife,  c.  1500. 
Missenden.  J.  Twardby  and  wife,  1436. 
Moulsoe.  R.  Routhall  and  wife,  1528. 
Nettleden.  Sir  G.  Cotton,  1545. 
Pitson.  John  de  Swynstede,  1390. 
Risborough.  R.  Blundell,  priest,  1431. 
Shalston.  Susan  Kyngestone,  1540. 
Sherrington.  R.  Mareot  and  wife,  1491. 
Slapton.  J.  Tornay  and  wives,  1519. 
Turweston.  A  priest,  1450. 
Twyford.  J.  Everden,  rector,  1413. 
Whaddon.  T.  Pygott  and  wives,  1519. 
Wing.  Thomas  Cotes  (mural),  15 — . 
Woodburn.  Thomas  Swayn,  priest,  1519. 
Wooton,  Underwood.  E.  Greneville  and  -wife,  1587. 

CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 

Cheveley.  The  Evangelic  symbols. 
Landwade 


CHESHIRE. 

Macclesfield.  Roger  Legh  and  wife,  1506. 
Wilmslow.  Sir  R.  del  Bothe  and  wife,  1460. 

DORSETSHIRE. 

Melbury.  Sir  Giles  Strangwayes,  1562. 
Piddletown.  C.  Martin  (in  armour),  1524. 
Pimperne.  Dorothy  Williams,  1688. 
Tetminster.  J.  Horsey  and  wife,  1531. " 

F.  S.  GBOWSE. 
Ipswich. 


Harwood  the  Composer.  —  One  of  the  most 
popular  pieces  of  our  national  sacred  music,  set  to 
what  is  commonly  received  as  an  imitation  by 
Pope  of  the  Emperor  Adrian's  address  to  his 
soul,  — 

"  Vital  spark  of  heavenly  flame ! " 

appears  in  the  second  volume  of  Sacred  Min- 
strelsy (Parker,  West  Strand,  1835),  where  the 
original  errors  of  the  plate-engraver,  or  the  over- 
sights of  the  musician,  are  corrected,  and  a  modern 
accompaniment  is  added.  The  editor  of  that 
work,  in  a  preliminary  remark,  says,  that  he  could 
gain  no  intelligence  respecting  the  composer  be- 
yond that  of  his  surname,  Harwood.  A  reverend 
amateur  in  Manchester  has  supplied  the  desidera- 
tum. He  states  that  the  author  of  that  pleasing 
vocal  trio  was  born  at  Hoddleson  (or  Hoddleston), 
near  Blackburn,  and  baptized  by  the  name  Teddy 
(a  contraction  of  Edward,  formerly  not  uncom- 
mon in  that  part  of  Lancashire),  and  was  there 
settled  as  a  teacher  of  music.  His  sister's  name 
appears  in  Burncy's  History  of  the  Commemoration 
of  Handel,  among  the  principal  singers  at  that 
famous  celebrity.  N. 

A  Suggestion. — From  "N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vi., 
p.  131.,  we  learn,  that  the  millennium  is  to  begin  in 
1862.  Now  as,  beyond  question,  "N.  &  Q."  is 
destined  to  live  through  that  blessed  period,  and 


for  ever  after,  let  its  convenience,  and  consequent 
value,  be  doubled,  by  closing, — first,  the  tenth, 
and  every  succeeding  tenth ;  secondly,  the  hun- 
dredth, and  every  succeeding  hundredth  ;  thirdly, 
the  thousandth,  and  every  succeeding  thousandth 
volume  with  a  GENERAL  INDEX  to  each  preced- 
ing ten-hundred-thousand  volumes :  and  so  on, 
in  scBCula  sceculorum  ! 

If,  at  its  commencement,  the  Annual  Register 
had  adopted  this  plan,  its  purchasers  would, 
"  somewhere  about  these  days,"  be  entitled  to  its 
first  centennial  index ;  and  can  any  reasonable 
being  doubt  that  it  would  double  both  the  con- 
venience and  the  value  of  the  work  ?  ERIC. 

Hochelaga. 

Hour-glass.  —  Allusion  to  the  hour-glass  used 
to  regulate  the  time  of  speaking.  Towards  the 
conclusion  of  the  Lord  Keeper's  speech  on  the 
opening  of  parliament,  March  17,  1627,  occurs  the 
sentence,  — 

"  We  may  daudle  and  play  with  the  hour-glass  that  is 
in  our  power,  but  the  hour  will  not  stay  for  us ;  and  an 
opportunity  once  lost  cannot  be  regained."  —  See  ParL 
Hist.,  ii.  222. 

W.  R.  C. 

Epitaph  on  William  Lilly. — At  a  country  sale,, 
a  few  months  back,  I  picked  up  one  of  Lilly's 
Astrological  Almanacks  for  1651.  On  the  blank 
side  of  the  title-page,  in  a  handwriting  almost 
coeval  with  the  date  of  publishing,  is  the  following  r 

"  EPITAPHIUM  PSEUDO-PROPHETS   GUIL.  LILLY. 

Here  lyeth  hee,  that  lyed  in  ev'ry  page ; 
The  scorne  of  men,  dishonour  of  his  age ; 
Parliament's  pandar,  and  ye  nation's  cheat ; 
Ye  kingdom's  iugler,  impudency's  seat ; 
The  armyes  spanyill,  and  ye  gen'rall's  witch  j, 
Ye  divelFs  godson,  grandchild  of  a  b— ; 
Clergy's  blasphemer,  enemy  to  y6  king ; 
Under  y"  dunghill  lyes  yat  filthy  yin» ; 
Lilly  ye  wise-men's  hate,  fooles  adoration ; 

PHILANGLtTS.'r 

Is  anything  known  of  Philanglus  ?  Has  the 
above  epitaph  ever  been  published  before  ? 

I.  T.  JEFFCOCK. 

Genevese  Wine  Merchants.  —  I  find  the  best 
wholesale  and  retail  wine  merchants  at  Geneva 
are  the  principal  booksellers.  Many  of  the 
English  residents  are,  I  believe,  ignorant  of  the 
fact,  which  is  certainly  somewhat  surprising. 
Literary  gentlemen  and  others  staying^  at  Ge- 
neva, who  are  not  ashamed  of  confessing  to  a 
weakness  for  good  wine  as  well  as  books,  may 
perhaps  thank  me  for  this  Note.  E.  W.  J. 

Crawley. 

Russian  Civilisation.  —  Scotchmen  and  Ger- 
mans, the  former  chiefly  in  the  early  part  of  the 
last  century,  and  the  latter  since  that  period, 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


363 


have  had  the  greatest  influence  in  moulding  and 
civilising  the  barbarous  empire  of  Peter  the 
Great.  Most  of  the  professors  in  the  Russian 
universities  are  Germans,  who  are  also  the  prin- 
cipal agents  in  the  boasted  progress  that  the 
Russians  have  made  in  the  study  of  the  Oriental 
languages.  The  compilers  of  the  great  Sanscrit 
Dictionary,  now  preparing  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences,  are  two  dis- 
tinguished German  scholars,  Messrs.  Bb'thlingk 
and  Roth.  The  Russians,  hitherto,  have  not  been 
remarkable  for  their  studious  and  literary  habits. 
Their  popular  poets  of  the  present  day  are  weak 
imitators  of  the  worst  features  of  Byron's  poetry. 
Professor  Max  Miiller,  of  Oxford,  in  his  valu- 
able and  most  seasonable  Suggestions  for  the 
Assistance  of  Officers  in  learning  the  Languages  of 
the  Seat  of  War  in  the  East,  remarks  : 

"The  nations  that  speak  the  Slavonic  languages  £of 
which  the  Russian  is  the  chief]  may  have  great  destinies 
to  fulfil  in  the  long  future ;  they  "have  means  at  their 
command  vast  as  any  European  nation ;  and  if  they  can 
throw  out  of  their  system  the  bastard  blood  of  a  Mongo- 
lian nobility,  and  resist  the  poison  of  a  premature  civilis- 
ation, their  history  and  literature  may  rise  high  on  the 
horizon  of  Europe,  and  restore  to  Slava  its  original  mean- 
ing of '  good  report  and  glory.' " 

J.  M.  S. 

Books  with  defectively-expressed  Titles. — There 
are  many  works,  bibliographers  well  know,  whose 
title-pages  convey  only  an  imperfect  account  of 
the  subjects  discussed  ;  and  I  beg  to  suggest  that 
when  your  readers  meet  with  any  strikingly-im- 
portant instances  of  such  works,  they  will  be  kind 
enough  to  "note"  them  to  the  world  through 
your  pages.  J.  M.  S. 


PETER   BTJRMAN. 

"  Peter  Burman,  a  professor  of  history  and  eloquence  in 
the  University  of  Leyden,  was  of  a  quarrelsome  and  ma- 
lignant disposition,  which,  joined  to  evil  qualities  of  the 
heart,  and  besides  this  a  wicked  (gottloser)  life,  made  him 
so  universally  hated  and  abhorred,  that  at  his  death  no 
one  was  found  who  would  write  his  eulogy,  or  say  any- 
thing about  him." 

The  above  is  translated  from  vol.  i.  p.  409.  of  the 
Historisch-liographisches  Worterbuch,  von  J.  G. 
Grohman,  8  vols.  8vo.,'  Leipzig,  1796.  It  differs 
from  all  the  other  accounts  of  Burman  which  I 
have  seen,  and  especially  from  Dr.  Johnson's  life 
of  him,  which  first  appeared  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  1742,  and  is  the  basis  of  a  very 
good  article  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Encyclo- 
pedia Britannica,  vol.  v.  p.  785.  On  such  au- 
thorities I  Lave  believed  that  Burman  had  a  good 
moral  character  and  many  sincere  friends ;  and 
that,  though  irascible  on  literary  matters,  he  was 
not  more  so  than  great  scholars  were  in  his  time, 


or  commentators  on  Shakspeare  in  ours.  I  do 
not  suppose  that  Grohman  invented  the  above 
charges,  though  he  seems  to  dislike  writers  of 
Burman's  order,  treating  James  Gronovius  little 
better.*  His  Worterbuch  is  a  slovenly  compila- 
tion, and  he  is  negligent  in  citing  authorities. 
The  eloge,  or  Lobspruch,  was  a  compliment  usu- 
ally paid  to  German  and  Dutch  professors,  and  I 
think  it  unlikely  to  have  been  omitted  on  the 
death  of  one  so  eminent.  I  shall  be  much  obliged 
by  reference  to  any  passages  illustrating  Burman's 
private  life,  and  printed  before  1750.  H.  B.  C. 
U.  U.  CJub. 


Hare's  Accusation.  —  The  following  letter  is 
extracted  from  the  Wells  City  Records.  Can  any 
of  the  readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  tell  me  of  what  of- 
fence this  John  Hare  was  accused  ? 

"  Convoca  ibm  tent'  xxiiij  die  Decembris,  anno  Dili  Eliz. 
quinto. 

"  The  Councils  Letter. 

"  After  our  mooste  hartie  coinendacons,  &c.,  forsomuch 
as  one  John  Hare,  a  dier  inhabitynge  in  the  towne  of 
Welles,  is  vehemently  accused  before  us  of  sondry  greve 
offences,  we  have  thought  goode,myndyngethe  reformacon 
of  hym  and  suche  lyke  offenders,  to  require  you,  and  by 
the  authorytye  of  the  Queen's  commission  to  us  directed 
to  comand  you,  with  all  secresye  and  lyke  dilygence  to 
apprehend  the  said  John  Hare,  and  forthwythe  to  send 
hym  in  safe  custodye  unto  us  hither  to  London,  and  up- 
pon  his  aryvall  here  wee  shall  give  order  for  the  allow- 
ance of  the  charges  susteyned  in  his  conveyance;  and 
hereof  fayle  you  not.  And  alsoe  to  advertise  us  of  youre 
doings  therein.  Fare  you  well.  From  Sackfield  House, 
the  20th  Novembre.  Your  very  loving  friendes,  Edward 
Northe,  Kic.  Sackfielde,  Willin  Cycell "  and  five  others. 

INA. 

Wells,  Somersetshire. 

BoswelVs  Arithmetic.  —  I  once  pointed  out  a 
mistake  which  Boswell  had  fixed  on  Johnson  (on 
which  see  Vol.  i.,  p.  107. ;  Vol.  viii.,  p.  250.).  The 
curiosity  is,  not  that  Boswell  should  have  blun- 
dered, but  that  so  many  editors  should  have 
allowed  the  blunder  to  pass.  I  now  point  out 
another  such  mistake,  and  submit  it  for  correction. 

"  Boswell.    I  wish  to  have  a  good  walled  garden. 

"  Johnson.  I  don't  think  it  would  be  worth  the  ex- 
pense to  you.  We  compute,  in  England,  a  park  wall  at 
a  thousand  pounds  a  mile ;  now  a  garden  wall  must  cost 
at  least  as  much.  You  intend  your  trees  should  grow 
higher  than  a  deer  will  leap.  Now  let  us  see;  for  a 
hundred  pounds  you  could  only  have  forty-four  square 
yards,  which  is  very  little ;  for  two  hundred  pounds  you 
may  have  eighty-four  [eighty-eight  of  course]  square 
yards,  which  is  very  well."  —  BosweWs  Johnson,  setat.  74, 
vol.  viii.  p.  195.  of  Croker's  ten-volume  edition. 


*  "  Man  konnte  ihm  selbst  in  dem  gleichgiiltigsten 
Dingen  nicht  wiedersprechen,  ohne  sich  allem  dem,  was 
die  Galle  eines  eingebildeten,  stolzen  Pedanten  nur  immer 
bitteres  hat,  auszusetzen."  —  B.  iv.  p.  136. 


364 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


On  this  there  is  one  commentator,  according  to 
Mr.  Croker,  namely,  the  Bishop  of  Ferns  (Dr. 
Elvington,  the  editor  of  Euclid,  I  suppose).  The 
Bishop  says  that  Boswell  makes  Johnson  talk 
nonsense,  and  that  it  ought  to  be  fourty-four 
yards  square  instead  of  fourty-four  square  yards. 
This  makes  the  matter  worse.  I  think  I  see  how 
the  confusion  arose  in  Boswell's  mind,  but  at 
present  I  leave  it  as  a  Query.  A.  DE  MORGAN. 

Heraldic. — Can  any  reader  of  "N.  &  Q."  tell 
me  whose  arms  these  are  ?  — Party  per  chevron,  in 
chief  two  stags'  heads  affronte,  in  fess  point  a 
crescent,  in  base  ermine.  They  were  much  de- 
faced, and  it  might  have  been  a  chevronel  instead 
of  party  per  chevron :  neither  the  colours  nor  the 
number  of  ermine  spots  could  be  determined. 

GEOFFERY. 

Ancient  Reservation.  —  Lease  of  April  12, 
22  Car.  II.,  of  property  at  Bude.  Reserving 
"  yeerely  at  the  feast  of  St.  Michall  the  Arcangle 
sixpence  for  fish-money" 

Lease  September  5,  1750.    Reserving : 

«  Rent  25*. 
2  capons,  or  Is.  Gd. 
Harvest  journey,  or  Id. 
2  horse  seams  of  wood,  or  4d. 
1  truss  of  hay  in  Waineford  Meadow. 
47.  for  heriot  or  farliefe. 
To  grind  com  at  Efford  Mills. 
To  do  half  day's  journey  in  ridding  the  leat. 
'  A  six-and-thirty  piece '  to  the  lady." 

Query,  What  is  fish-money  ?  S.  R.  P. 

Oxford  Jeu  d1  Esprit.  —  Some  years  since  a  bur- 
lesque poem  was  published  at  Oxford  containing 
the  following  line,  with  which,  I  believe,  the  poem 
concluded  : 

"  *H  pa.  wv  TVpvov&i  56/J.ov  Sta.  Svpia.  yovva'iJitv.'* 

Can  any  of  your  Oxonian  correspondents  name 
the  poem  and  its  author  ? 

Who  was  the  author  of  the  Rime  of  the  new- 
made  Baccalere,  published  by  Vincent,  of  Oxford, 
in  1841,  and  of  Johannis  Gilpini  iter  latine,  reddi- 
tum,  published  by  him  about  the  year  1839  ? 

G.  L.S. 

Thaddeus  Connellan.  —  Perhaps  some  corre- 
spondent could  furnish  a  list  of  the  writings  of 
this  Irish  scholar,  who  died,  at  an  advanced  age, 
in  the  county  of  Sligo,  on  the  25th  of  last  July  ? 
He  wrote  several  treatises  for  the  benefit  of  the 
native  Irish  peasantry,  one  of  them  upon  bees. 
He  also  wrote  or  reprinted  several  works,  such  as 
grammars,  glossaries,  and  translations  of  portions 
of  Scripture.  He  studied  mathematics  and  anti- 
quities, and  constantly  referred  to  the  Annals  of 
the  Four  Masters,  and  the  Book  of  BaUymote. 

"  He  was  a  pious  man,"  writes  one  who  knew  him  well, 
"  a  self-taught  scholar,  a  genuine  Milesian,  and  a  bene- 
factor to  his  country.  Others  may  share  in  the  honour 


of  originating  the  Irish  Society ;  but  in  length  of  service, 
and  in  physical  and  mental  labour,  he  probably  excelled 
them  all." 

ABHBA. 

Anastatic  Printing. — May  I  ask,  through  your 
columns,  for  information  respecting  the  anastatic 
process  of  printing  ?  Is  it  a  process  as  easy  as 
other  kinds  of  printing  ?  Does  it  require  the  same 
amount  of  trouble  as  lithographic  printing  ?  Is  it 
cheaper  in  regard  to  the  materials  employed,  and 
so  forth,  than  other  kinds  of  printing  ?  Are  the 
presses  (for  I  presume  presses  are  used)  costly, 
and  where  may  they  be  had  ?  Is  the  process,  in 
short,  one  which  a  private  person,  unaccustomed 
to  printing,  could  carry  on  for  his  own  amuse- 
ment, in  the  same  way  as  photography  may  be  ? 

An  answer  to  these  inquiries  will  be  esteemed 
of  use  in  these  days  of  progress,  perhaps  by  more 
than  JAYTEE. 

"  The  Savage." — In  the  Materials  for  Thinking, 
published  by  Taylor  some  years  ago,  and  also  in 
the  Pocket  Lacon,  there  are  several  extracts  from 
a  work  called  The  Savage.  Many  years  ago  I 
saw  a  volume  of  this  work,  having  the  imprint  of 
Thomas  Manning,  Philadelphia ;  and  also  Cadell 
&  Davis,  London  ;  with  the  date,  I  think,  of 
1810.  Never  having  seen  but  that  one  volume, 
though  I  had  inquired  of  many  second-hand  book- 
sellers, I  concluded  it  must  be  a  rather  scarce 
work.  Lately,  however,  I  picked  it  up  at  an  old 
bookstall  in  the  country.  Its  title  is  as  follows : 

"  The  Savage,  by  Piomingo,  a  Headman  and  Warrior 
of  the  Muscogulgee  Nation.  Published  by  Thomas  S. 
Manning,  No.  148.  South  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia, 
1810." 

It  is  intrinsically  in  every  respect  an  American 
book :  for,  in  addition  to  the  paper  and  print 
being  American  in  appearance,  it  has  the  official 
seal  on  the  second  page  of  the  clerk  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  investing  Thos.  Manning 
with  the  proprietary  rights. 

I  shall  feel  truly  obliged  if  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents will  inform  me  whether  it  is  considered 
a  rare  work  ;  who  was  the  author,  and  whether  a 
second  volume  was  ever  published  ?  DAVID  GAM. 

Aberdare,  Wales. 

Turkish  Victories.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  the  exact  dates  when  the  Turks  took 
Kutabia  from  the  Greeks  in  1281,  and  when  they 
took  Cameniac  [Kaminiec]  from  the  Poles  in  1672; 
stating  their  authority  ?  ANTIQUARIUS. 

The  Czarina  Catherine.  —  Did  not  Mr.  Lyde 
Brown  dispose  of  his  important  collection  of  an- 
cient marbles,  including  the  celebrated  bust  of 
Lucius  Verus,  to  this  lady  potentate  ?  Did  he 
receive  more  than  the  first  instalment  of  the  price 
which,  according  to  Dallaway's  Anecdotes,  p.  389., 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


365 


was  23,OOOZ.  ?  Did  she  not  avail  herself  of  the 
failure  of  her  agent  here  to  resist  Mr.  Brown's 
claim  to  the  balance,  availing  herself  of  the  power- 
ful plea  of  possession,  leaving  him  to  find  a  mate- 
rial guarantee  in  her  Imperial  orthodoxy  ?  What, 
I  ask,  is  this  ? 

Can  the  executors  now  append  their  claim  for 
this  balance,  with  sixty  years'  arrears  of  interest, 
to  the  Bill  of  Penalties  and  Costs,  ere  long  to  be 
set  forth  by  Lord  Clarendon  against  the  hopeful 
scion  of  the  notorious  Czarina.  KUTUZEFF. 

Cromwell 's  Irish  Grants.  —  Where  can  I  find  a 
printed  account  of  the  lands  distributed  by  Oliver 
Cromwell  to  his  army  in  Ireland  ?  My  ancestor, 
Thomas  Phelps,  a  captain  in  Oliver's  army,  had  a 
grant  of  land  in  the  co.  Tipperary,  given  him  by 
Cromwell,  and  confirmed  by  Charles  II.  He  came 
from  the  neighbourhood  of  Gloucester  in  about 
the  year  1646.  I  wish  to  find  out  if  our  family 
is  the  same  as  John  De  la  Field  Phelps',  mentioned 
in  Bigland's  Gloucestershire  :  as  I  see  the  arms  are 
the  same  as  ours,  namely,  a  wolf  salient ;  though 
I  see  that  Rudder,  describing  the  arms  of  the 
same  gentleman,  J.  De  la  Field  Phelps,  calls  it  a 
"  lion  rampant."  Why  this  descrepancy  ?  I  have 
consulted  Prestwich's  Republica,  but  cannot  find 
the  name  of  Phelps  mentioned.  What  other  work 
is  there  ?  Jos.  LLOYD  PHELPS. 

48.  Lee  Crescent,  Birmingham. 

Augier,  a  Watchmaker.  — I  recently  examined 
an  ancient  watch,  which  is  said  to  have  belonged 
to  a  character  eminent  in  English  history.  The 
name  of  the  maker  of  the  watch  inscribed  on  it 
is  "  Jehan  Augier,  a  Paris."  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  whether  the  name  of  Augier  is 
known  to  antiquaries ;  and,  if  so,  at  what  date 
was  he  living  ?  JAYTEE. 

Buying  the  Devil. — In  what  local  history  is 
reprinted  The  Book  of  the  Rolls  of  the  Manor  of 
Hatfield  ?  I  wish  to  see  details  of  the  — 

"  Pleasant  Convention,  11  Edw.  III.,  between  Robert  do 
Roderham  and  John  de  Ichen ;  the  latter  of  whom  sold 
the  Devil  in  a  string  for  threepence  halfpenny  to  the 
former,  to  be  delivered  the  fourth  day  after  the  Conven- 
tion"— 

therein  set  forth. 

The  newspaper  cutting  I  copy  from  merely 
remarks,  that  differences  having  arisen  between 
the  parties  as  to  the  value  of  the  property  when 
"due,"  the  court  adjourned  the  parties  to  a 
warmer  region  for  judgment.  Being  only  brought 
forward  bjr  the  chronicler  as  a  warning  to  specu- 
lators, he  is  not  so  explicit  as  I  could  wish  with 
his  references.  R.  C.  WARDE. 

Kidderminster. 

Railroads  in  England.  —  Can  any  of  the  cor- 
respondents of  "  N.  &  Q."  furnish  me  with  an 


earlier  notice  of  railways  than  that  which  is  to  be 
met  with  in  Roger  North's  Life  of  the  Lord 
Keeper  North,  A.D.  1676  ? 

"At  that  period,  near  Newcastle-on-the-Tyne,  coals 
were  conveyed  from  the  mines  to  the  banks  of  the  river, 
by  laying  fails  of  timber  exactly  straight,  and  parallel ; 
and  bulky  carts  were  made  with  four  rollers,  fitting  these 
rails,  whereby  the  carriage  was  made  so  easy  that  one; 
horse  would  draw  four  or  five  chaldrons." 

w.w. 

Malta. 


<3Jua:te2  tot'tf) 

The  "Antiquities  of  Killmackumpshaugh." — Can 
you  give  me  the  name  of  the  author  of  2TAAEFO- 
MENA  of  the  Antiquities  of  Killmackumpshaugh,  in 
the  County  of  Roscommon,  and  Kingdom  of  Ire- 
land? It  is  an  8vo.  pamphlet,  and  was  printed 
in  Dublin  in  1790.  According  to  the  title-page, 
it  was  "written  by  Doctor  Hastier,  M.R.S.P.Q.," 
&c. ;  but  who  was  he  ?  ABHBA. 

[The  real  author  of  this  work  is  John  Whittley  Bos- 
well.  We  have  before  us  a  curious  explanation,  in  bis 
own  handwriting,  of  the  object  and  design  of  this  satirical 
production,  from  which  we  extract  |t|ew  passages.  He 
states  that  "  the  design  of  the  work  WTO  to  ridicule  a  false 
taste  which  then  prevailed  for  remote  antiquarian  specu- 
lations relative  to  Ireland,  and  the  weak  arguments  used 
to  support  them,  which  on  many  occasions  were  even 
more  palpably  erroneous  than  those  purposely  misapplied 
here;  for  which  purpose  an  affectation  of  learning  is 
adopted,  and  minutely-refined  modes  of  reasoning;  of 
which  there  may  be  found  many  parallel  instances  in  the 
works  published  seriously  on  those  subjects.  To  show 
how  easy  it  is  to  exhibit  an  appearance  of  knowledge  on. 
such  occasions,  which  has  no  real  foundation,  the  author 
has  contrived  to  make  a  pompous  exhibition  of  skill  in 
Hebrew  and  the  Irish  tongue,  with  neither  of  which  he 
had  any  acquaintance.  A  friend,  Dr.  Wm.  Stokes,  then 
studying  Hebrew,  by  searching  his  Lexicon  occasionally 
at  the  request  of  the  author,  supplied  what  relates  to  that 
language ;  and  the  Irish  words  inserted  were  acquired  by 
questions  directed  to  those  who  were  well  instructed  in 
that  ancient  tongue,  which  probably  was  that  of  the 
Gauls  in  the  time  of  Julius  Ca?sar,  as  well  as  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland.  ....  The  name  Hastier  is  fictitious, 
and  was  used  without  any  particular  design :  at  the  time 
the  work  Avas  written,  the  author  was  too  young  to 
assume  the  office  of  censor,  having  then  just  taken  his 
degree  of  B.  A.  in  the  University  of  Dublin.  He  is  well 
known  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Burrowes  of  Enniskillen,  Dr. 
Whitley  Stokes,  Dr.  Miller,  and  others  in  the  university. 
The  number  of  letters  after  Hastier,  in  the  title-page,  was 
merely  designed  to  imitate  the  affected  style  of  those  who 
use  this  species  of  foppery."  The  work  contains  two 
folded  engravings.] 

The  Zouaves. — Who  and  what  are  the  Zouaves  ? 
Are  they  Africans  or  Frenchmen,  and  when  was 
their  corps  first  organised  ?  IGSORAMOS. 

[The  Zouaves  are  natives  of  the  French  provinces  of 
Algiers,  disciplined  and  exercised  by  French  officers,  and 
now  forming  part  of  the  French  contingent  employed  in 
the  Crimea  and  the  siege  of  Sebastopol.  They  hold 
exactly  the  same  relation  to  the  French  army  that  the 
Sepoys  in  India  have  to  the  regular  British  troops.] 


366 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


The  Composers  of  the  Old  Version  of  the 
Psalms.  —  In  The  Whole  Book  of  Psalms,  ^c.,  by 
Thomas  Sternhold,  John  Hopkins,  and  others, 
which  is  now  commonly  known  as  the  Old  Ver- 
sion, the  initials  of  the  several  composers  are  pre- 
fixed to  each  of  the  psalms.  Of  course  J.[ohn] 
H.[opkins]  and  T.[homas]  S.[ternhold]  have  the 
Eon's  share.  N.,  the  initial  of  Thomas  Norton, 
comes  next ;  and  William  Whyttingham,  Bishop 
of  Winchester,  prefixes  his  two  W's  to  about  a 
score.  The  proprietors  of  the  remaining  initials 
are  unknown,  and  my  object  is,  if  possible,  to  dis- 
cover who  they  were.  W.  K.  claims  five,  T.  C. 
and  M.  are  each  composers  of  two,  the  latter  of 
whom  is  also  author  of  "  The  humble  suit  of  a 
Sinner."  Psalm  cxii.  is  by  W.  R. ;  and  two,  the 
cxxxviii — ix.,  have  no  initials  prefixed.  T.  B. 
wrote  the  "  Song  to  be  sung  before  Morning 
Prayer,"  amongst  the  miscellaneous  hymns  at  the 
end.  J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

[Mr.  Haslewood,  who  took  great  pains  to  examine  the 
distinct  claims  of  the  several  contributors  to  this  collec- 
tive version  of  the  Psalms,  has  appointed  28  to  Norton, 
25  to  Kethe,  16  to  Whyttingham,  43  to  Sternhold,  and  56 
to  Hopkins.  John  Pullain  contributed  2,  Robert  Wis- 
dom 1,  and  T.  C.  (Thomas  Churchyard?)  a  different  ver- 
sion of  the  136th.  D.  Cox  supplied  a  version  of  the 
Lord's  Prayer,  and  likewise  a  grace  before  and  after  meat, 
in  sixteen  lines  each  of  alternate  rhyme,  in  a  Manual  of 
Christian  Prayers,  by  Abr.  Flemming,  1694.  Initials 
occur  before  other  specimens,  which,  with  their  conjec- 
tural appropriations,  may  be  seen  in  Brydges'  Censura 
Literaria,  vol.  x.  p.  10.,  viz.  W.  K.,  William  Kethe,  an 
exile  at  Frankfort;  M.,  John  Mardley;  T.  B.,  Thomas 
Bastard.  Psalm  cxii.  is  here  attributed  to  William  Kethe. 
Consult  also  Warton's  History  of  English  Poetry,  vol.  iii. 
p.  149.,  edit.  1840.] 

German  Distich.  —  What  is  the  correct  trans- 
lation, and  who  is  the  author,  of  the  following 
distich  ? 

"  Ehret  die  Damen,  sie  flechten  und  weben, 
Himmlisch  Rosen  in's  irdische  Leben." 

Also,  what  is  the  meaning  of  "  Kiselak,"  which  I 
Lave  seen  prefixed  to  these  lines  ? 

Whence  is  the  following  quotation,  and  to  what 
language  does  it  belong  ? 

"  Dursli  und  Babeli." 

JUVERNA. 

["  Honour  to  women,  they  twist  and  they  teem, 
Heavenly  roses  in  life's  earthly  dream." 

SCHILLER. 

A  parody  on  these  words  and  the  poem  is  popular  in 
Germany : 

"  Ehret  die  Frauen,  sie  flechten  und  weben, 
Wollene  Striimpfe  fur  irdische  Leben." 

Changing  heavenly  roses  into  woollen  stockings. 

"  Dursli "  and  "  Babeli "  may  possibly  be  intended  by 
the  author  for  Eisele  and  Beisele,  the  two  famous  cha- 
racters of  the  Fliigende  Blatter,  at  their  first  appearance 
at  Miinchen,  of  which  the  drawings  were  reported  to  have 
proceeded  from  the  pen  of  William  Kaulbach.] 


Topham  the  Antiquary.  —  Can  any  of  your  nu- 
merous readers  state  in  what  year  Topham  died, 
and  what  became  of  his  collections  ?  ANON. 

[John  Topham,  Esq.,  died  at  Cheltenham,  August  19, 
1803 :  see  a  notice  of  him  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
August,  1803,  p.  794.  His  library  was  sold  in  1804,  at 
which  a  miscellaneous  volume  of  papers  was  purchased 
for  the  British  Museum:  see  Addit.  MS.  6491.  Among 
other  documents  is  a  fac-simile  tracing  of  Oliver  Crom- 
well's letter  to  the  commander-in-chief  in  the  town  of 
Wexford,  dated  Oct.  11,  1649.  No.  6282.,  also,  was  for- 
merly in  Mr.  Topham's  library,  containing  a  copy  of  the 
claims  made  at  the  coronation  of  George  I.,  A.  D.  1714. 
Another  volume,  purchased  by  Mrs.  Banks,  but  now  in 
the  British  Museum  (Add.  MS.  6286.),  consisting  of — 
1.  A  Ceremonial  of  the  proclaiming  James  II.  2.  The 
Orders  for  the  private  Interment  of  Charles  II.  3.  The 
Orders  for  the  Coronation  of  James  II.  and  Queen  Mary.] 

"  The  Repertory  of  Records."  —  I  have  a  book 
with  this  title : 

"  The  Repertorie  of  Records :  remaining  in  the  4  Trea- 
suries on  the  Receipt  side  at  Westminster,  the  Two 
Remembrancers  of  the  Exchequer.  With  a  Briefe  Intro- 
ductive  Index  of  the  Records  of  the  Chancery  and  Tower  : 
whereby  to  give  the  better  Direction  to  the  Records 
abouesaid.  As  also,  a  most  Exact  Calendar  of  all  those 
Records  of  the  Tower.  In  which  are  contayned  and  com- 
prised whatsoever  may  give  Satisfaction  to  the  Searcher 
for  Tenure  or  Tythe  of  Anything.  London :  printed  by 
B.  Alsop  and  T.  Fawcet,  for  B.  Fisher,  dwelling  at  the 
Signe  of  the  Talbot,  in  Aldersgate  Street,  1631." 

The  interesting  character  of  this  book  must  be 
my  apology  for  quoting  so  long  a  title-page.  The 
dedication  is  as  follows  : 

"TO   THE  VNKNOWNE  PATRON. 

"  This  worke  I  did  intend  to  Mercury, 
Before  his  wings  were  sicke,  and  he  could  fly : 
But  now,  the  gods  incensed,  all  together 
Haue  layd  diseases  vpon  euery  feather : 
(Alas)  he  cannot  raise  himselfe,  nor  carry 
His  plumes,  as  does  the  rest  of  all  the  ayrie : 
But  is  retired  to  some  shady  grove, 
To  hide  him  from  the  great  incensed  Jove. 
And  where  to  find  my  patron  to  deliver 
This  little  worke  of  mine ;  I  knowe  not,  neither 
If  he  were  found  (and  no  discretion  lost), 
This  title  might  offend  him,  or  me  most. 
Now  all  ye  gods  beare  witnesse,  I  intend 
.  Onely  to  show  a  bounden  thankefull  mind, 
Unto  this  Mercurie,  by  whose  quicke  fire 
My  Muse  being  lately  wounded  did  respire. 
And  whether  sinne  of  these  two  be  the  lesse  ? 
(A  fearc  in  conscience,  or  vnthankfulnesse) 
Judge,  Heavens !  and  vouchsafe  me  onely  this, 
What's  well  intended  be  not  tooke  amisse. 
And  now  goe  on,  my  booke,  and  seeke  about, 
Till  thou  hast  found"  this  vnknown  patron  out : 
And  tell  him  thou  cam'st  from  an  vnknowne  friend, 
Whose  loue's  a  circle,  round,  without  an  end. 

Ante  leves  ergo,  &fC. 

"  To  the  same  patron,  the  great  master  of  this  mysterie. 
(t£iP«J§!J)  Our  author  payeth  this,  in  part  of  a  more 
summe  due." 

There  are  several  matters  in  the  book  itself  to 
which  I  desire  to  call  attention,  but  at  present  I 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


367 


will  only  ask:  —  1.  Who  was  the  author  of  the 
work  ?  2.  What  is  meant  by  the  two  index  hands 
in  the  dedication  ?  And  3.  What  are  the  titles 
of  some  other  works  upon  the  same  subject  ? 

B.  H.  C. 

[This  work  is  by  Thomas  Powell,  Londino-Cambrensis, 
as  ne  calls  himself.  Nicolson,  in  his  English  Historical 
Library,  p.  198.,  edit.  1736,  says,  "Thomas  Powell's  Re- 
pertory of  Records  will  be  of  some  use  to  our  historian,  as 
•well  as  to  those  practitioners  in  law,  for  whom  they  were 
chiefly  intended."  When  Carte  published  his  "  General 
Account  of  the  necessary  Materials  for  the  History  of 
England  "  ( Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  viii.  p.  288.),  he  observed, 
that  "  Powell,  in  his  Repertory  of  Records,  gives  us  a  list 
of  the  contracting  powers,  dates,  &c.,  of  above  400  treaties 
of  our  kings  with  foreign  princes,  which  are  not  in 
Rymer."  For  a  list  of  Powell's  other  works,  see  Watt's 
Bibliotheca  Britannica.] 

R.  Dingley. —  Can  any  reader  of  "N.  &  Q." 
give  me  information  as  to  the  parentage  and 
county  of  R.  Dingley  (query  Richard  or  Robert), 
a  merchant  of  London,  who  contested  the  Middle- 
sex election  with  Wilkes,  and  afterwards  founded 
by  will  a  Magdalen  Hospital  ?  D.  R.  S. 

[His  Christian  name  is  Eobert,  and  we  are  inclined  to 
think  he  was  a  descendant  of  the  Dingleys  of  Chilham  in 
Kent,  originally  of  co.  Worcester;  of  whom  there  is  a 
pedigree  in  Philpot's  Visitation  of  Kent,  1619—1621 
(Addit.  MS.  5507.  p.  124.,  Brit.  Museum).  Robert  Ding- 
ley  died  at  Lamb  Abbey,  Chiselhurst,  August  9,  1781. 
Iii  1758,  at  the  time  he  founded  the  Magdalen  House  for 
the  reception  of  penitent  prostitutes  in  Prescot  Street, 
Goodman's  Fields,  his  town  residence  was  in  Little  St. 
Helen's,  Bishopsgate.] 

"  Nil  actum  reputans,"  Sfc.  — 
"  "  Nil  actum  reputans,  dum  quid  superesset  agendum." 

Where  is  this  line  to  be  found  ?  I  had  thought 
it  Juvenal's ;  but  the  only  approach  to  it  that  I 
can  find  in  him  is  : 

"  Actum,  inquit,  nihil  est,  nisi  Posno  milite  portas 
Frangimus,  et  mediS,  vexillum  pono  Subura." 

Sat.  x.  155. 

W.  T.  M. 
Hong  Kong. 

[This  line  occurs  in  Lucan,  Pharsalia,  lib.  ii.  line  657 : 
"  Nil  actum  credens,  quum  quid  superesset  agendum."] 

Rev.  Edward  De  Chair.  —  Can  'you  give  me 
any  account  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  De  Chair,  'cardinal 
and  vicar  of  St.  Pancras,  Middlesex  ?  He  died 
about  the  year  1749,  I  think  at  Kentish  Town. 
Why  was  he  a  cardinal  and  a  Protestant  vicar  ? 

D. 

[Edward  de  Chair  was  appointed  vicar  of  St.  Pancras 
and  cardinal  of  St.  Paul's  in  1728,  and  died  in  1749.  The 
official  duties  of  the  cardinals,  of  St.  Paul's  choir  have 
been  explained  in  our  Third  Volume,  p.  304.] 

"Clubs  of  London."  —  Who  is  the  author  of 
The  Clubs  of  London,  published  by  Colburn  in 
1828  ?  J.  CRAVEN. 

[This  work  is  by  Mr.  Charles  Marsh.] 


Pownatt.  —  At  the  end  of  the  "  Corrections  and 
Additions"  of  Herbert's  Ames,  vol.  iii.  p.  1838., 
edit.  1786,  I  find  the  following  : 

"  %*  Wherever  the  name  of  T/iomas  Pownall,  Esq.,  or 
Govtrnor  Poiunall,  occurs  in  this  work,  read  Mr.  Thomas 
Pownall." 

What  does  this  mean  ?  G.  M.  B. 

[May  not  Herbert  have  confounded  Governor  Pownall 
with  a  Mr.  Thomas  Pownall?  The  latter  appears  in  the 
list  of  subscribers  in  vol.  i.] 

Pappus.  —  Where  can  I  find  a  notice  of  this 
author  ?  He  wrote  upon  church  history  or  coun- 
cils. He  is  alluded  to  by  Cave  in  the  Historia 
Literaria ;  and  there  is  a  work  entitled  Pappi 
Contradictions,  Argent.  4to.,  1597.  A  reference 
to  some  authority  will  be  a  favour.  B.  H.  C. 

[Notices  of  this  learned  Lutheran  divine  will  be  found 
in  Jocher,  Gelehrten- Lexicon,  and  Rose's  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary. A  list  of  most  of  his  works  is  given  in  the  Bod- 
leian Catalogue.] 


GRIFFIN'S  "FIDESSA." 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  27.) 

Referring  back  to  some  Numbers  of  your  publi- 
cation for  another  purpose,  my  attention  has  been 
attracted  to  the  communication  of  your  corre- 
spondent J.  M.  G. 

He  states  his  object  to  be  merely  to  obtain  any 
particulars  of  B.  Griffin,  the  author  of  Fidessa; 
but  he  submits  this  simple  Query  at  the  end  of  a 
criticism  upon  the  authorship  of  a  sonnet,  to  which 
criticism  I  beg  respectfully  to  demur. 

Surely  it  has  not  been  reserved  for  the  middle 
of  the  nineteenth  century  to  curtail  the  glories  of 
our  immortal  bard,  and  consign  one  of  the  fairest 
flowers  of  his  fame  to  the  limbo  of  fraud  and  sus- 
picion ! 

J.  M.  G.  institutes  a  comparison  between  a 
sonnet  published  in  Griffin's  Fidessa,  1596,  and 
the  same  published  in  Shakspeare's  Passionate 
Pilgrim,  1599,  (I  say  the  same,  because  the  re- 
semblance is  too  close  to  admit  the  possibility  of 
originality'.in  both,)  and  upon  the  mere  fact  of  date 
of  publication,  at  once  gives  Griffin  the  palm  of 
authorship,  tenderly  exculpating  Shakspeare  from 
gross  plagiarism,  and,  oh,  happy  shade  ! 

"  Which  since  thy  flight  from  hence  hath  mourn'd  like 
night." 

now  honourably  acquits  him  of  all  participation 
in  the  rascally  piracy  of  W.  Jaggard. 

The  question  is  not  simply  whether  Griffin  or 
Shakspeare  wrote  the  sonnet  in  question  ;.  because 
if  J.  M.  G.'s  inference  is  conclusive  against  Shaks- 
peare, some  learned  Theban  must  at  once  buckle 
on  his  armour  in  defence  of  the  whole  of  Shaks- 
peare's sonnets  and  poems. 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


Can  it  be  possible  that  the  host  of  commenta- 
tors, editors,  and  critics,  from  Shakspeare's  own 
times  down  to  the  present  day,  from  Spenser  to 
J.  M.  G.  exclusive,  should  all  have  given  this 
sonnet  to  Shakspeare  and  ignored  the  claim  of 
Griffin? 

It  is  true  Fidessa  is  excessively  rare,  and  the 
reprint  scarcely  less  so,  only  100  copies  having 
been  struck  off;  but  it  was  known  to  Ritson  in 
1802,  and  to  Singer  in  1815 ;  and  although  J.  M.  G. 
and  myself  are  the  fortunate  possessors  of  two 
copies,  it  is  more  than  probable  that  MR.  HALLI- 
WELL  or  ME.  COLLIER  may  have  one  or  more  of 
the  other  ninty-eight,  and  it  is  quite  possible  that 
Johnson,  Warburton,  Malone,  Stevens,  &c.,  &c., 
may  have  seen  the  original  when  it  was  not  so 
scarce  as  it  now  appears  to  be. 

I  do  not  deny  the  importance  of  dates  in  con- 
sidering a  question  like  this,  but  without  some 
corroborative  evidence  they  are  not  conclusive. 

It  is  suggested  in  the  advertisement  to  the  reprint 
of  Fidessa,  that  there  may  be  an  edition  of  The 
Passionate  Pilgrim  earlier  than  1699.  But  if  it 
was  the  first,  and  (as  J.  M.  G.  is  convinced)  was 
a  bookseller's  job,  and  published  surreptitiously, 
long  live  the  memory  of  W.  Jaggard  for  it ! 

It  is  by  no  means  improbable  that  the  trades- 
manlike  thrift  and  good  plain  sense  of  Jaggard 
induced  him  to  pick  up,  whenever  he  could,  the 
MS.  effusions'  of  the  poets  with  whom  he  was 
probably  in  the  habit  of  associating  on  terms  of 
intimacy ;  and  in  this  way  three,  five,  or  ten  years 
might  elapse  before  he  obtained  a  fasciculus,  as 
collections  of  poems  were  then  often  called,  suit- 
able for  publication.  In  the  mean  time  the  gre- 
garious and  convivial  habits  of  the  poets  and  wits 
of  those  days  might  have  brought  half-a-dozen 
versions  of  such  a  sonnet  into  circulation,  and 
Lownes,  as  well  as  Jaggard,  have  beach  possessed 
a  copy  of  it. 

We  learn  from  the  Bibliographia  Poetica  that 
the  Venus  and  Adonis  printed  by  Harrison  in  1596 
was  nevertheless  assigned  to  him  by  Field  in 
1593  ;  and  upon  the  authority  of  the  editor  of 
the  Bibliotheca  Anglo-Poetica  it  appears  that  the 
sonnets,  which  were  not  entered  on  the  stationers' 
book  till  20th  May,  1609,  were  written  many 
years  before,  being  mentioned  by  Meres  in  his 
Wits  Treasury,  1598,  in  these  words  : 

"As  the  soul  of  Euphorbus  was  thought  to  live  in 
Pythagoras ;  so  the  sweete  wittie  soul  of  Ovid  lives  in 
mellifluous  and  hony-tongued  Shakspeare;  witnes  his 
Venus  and  Adonis,  his  Lucrece,  his  Sugred  Sonnets 
among  his  private  friends,"  &c. 

And  the  editor  adds  : 

"  It  may  be  concluded  from  this  that  Meres  was  one  of 
those  friends  to  whom  the  sonnets  were  privately  recited 
before  publication." 

The  carelessness  of  Shakspeare  himself,  as  to 
the  publication  of  his  works,  is  very  remarkable. 


They  might  have  been  appropriated  and  printed 
by  any  needy  poetaster  who  had  the  audacity  to 
do  so,  and  Shakspeare  have  known  or  cared 
nothing  about  it. 

MR.  COLLIER  says,  in  his  Notes  and  Emendations 
to  the  text  of  Shakspeare's  Plays : 

"  About  half  the  productions  of  Shakspeare  remained  in. 
MS.  until  seven  years  after  his  death ;  not  a  few  of  those 
which  were  printed  in  his  lifetime  were  shamefully  dis- 
figured, and  not  one  can  be  pointed  out  to  the  publication 
of  which  he  in  anyway  contributed." 

It  is,  however,  rather  upon  internal  than  ex- 
ternal evidence  that  I  demur  to  J.  M.  G.'s  conclu- 
sions. 

Any  one  who  has  read  Fidessa  will  see  at  once 
that  the  sonnets  under  this  title  are  the  sincere 
effusion  of  a  mind  distracted  with  a  passionate 
but  hopeless  and  unrequited  affection.  A  purity 
of  thought  and  delicacy  of  language  pervades 
them,  which  is  pleasing  to  the  most  refined  modern 
ear,  and  which  singularly  distinguishes  them  from 
the  free  and  sensual  style  in  which  the  poets  of 
the  period  generally  gave  expression  to  their 
amorous  ideas. 

There  is  also  an  unity  in  these  sonnets  evincing 
a  reality  of  sentiment  which  dwelt  upon  the  mind 
of  the  enslaved  poet,  and  tinctured  his  complainis 
with  a  constancy  of  purpose  and  a  reality  of  love, 
which  neither  beget  an  irrelevant  thought  nor  en- 
dure a  gross  expression. 

The  last,  which  is  rather  an  alliterative  conceit 
than  a  sonnet,  sums  up  the  pleadings  of  the  lover's 
case,  and  condenses  his  woe. 

Now,  in  the  absence  of  all  facts — nay,  more,  in 
the  face  of  all  facts,  I  will  venture  to  assert,  as  a 
matter  of  literary  criticism,  that  anything  more 
inconsistent,  more  inharmonious,  or  more  intru- 
sive could  not  have  been  thrust  into  the  pages  of 
Fidessa  than  the  disputed  sonnet  No.  3. 

Under  this  consideration,  I  care  not  whether  it 
belongs  to  Shakspeare  or  Griffin ;  but  I  emphati- 
cally deny  that  it  belongs  to  Fidessa.  This  is  a 
bookseller's  job  if  you  will !  I  feel  satisfied  that 
Griffin's  beautiful  collection  of  sonnets,  feelingly 
written,  carefully  arranged,  modestly  dedicated  to 
a  private  gentleman,  under  a  sense  of  high  and 
virtuous  feeling,  more  modestly  commended  to  a 
society  of  the  author's  probable  associates,  handed 
over  to  his  publisher  with  all  the  completeness _  of 
a  finished  production,  apparently  a  worthy  offering 
to  the  Muses  rather  than  a  provision  for  bread,  or 
worse,  a  contribution  to  immorality,  was  abused^by 
Lownes,  and  made  a  vehicle  for  the  publication 
of  Shakspeare's  indecent  sonnet,  of  which  he  was 
then  possessed  in  MS.,  and  which  seemed  to  him 
to  be  similar  in  version  and  homogeneous  in 
subject. 

In  a  word,  I  think  Fidessa  was  complete  m 
sixty  sonnets;  that  No.  3.  and  No.  37.  were  neither 
written  by  Griffin  nor  intended  by  him  to  be 


Nov.  4. 1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


printed  in  it ;  and  that  Shakspeare  is  the  author 
of  the  former. 

The  habits  and  language  of  the  age  in  which 
Shakspeare  lived  were  much  less  restricted  than 
they  are  now  :  of  this  we  have  plentiful  proof  in 
his  Plays,  as  well  as  the  writings  of  his  cotempo- 
raries  ;  and  it  is  obvious  that  he  delighted  much  in 
the  amorous  stories  of  mythology  and  fabulous 
history.  The  myth  of  Venus  and  Adonis  he  ap- 
pears to  have  especially  fancied,  for  we  see  that  in 
1593  his  poem  on  that  subject  was  in  a  publisher's 
hands  ;  and  a  germane  subject,  the  Rape  of  Lu- 
crece,  in  1594. 

The  Passionate  Pilgrim  in  1599,  and  the  sonnets 
in  1609,  both  contain  the  sonnet  in  question;  and 
both  contain  three  other  sonnets  upon  the  same 
subject,  which,  in  the  poems  republished  in  1640, 
appears  under  the  titles  "  A  Sweete  Provocation," 
"  Cruel  Deceit,"  "  Inhumanitie,"  the  disputed  son- 
net being  entitled  "  Foolish  Disdaine." 

These  four  sonnets,  the  same  in  subject,  the 
same  in  construction,  equally  impure  in  idea  and 
indecent  in  expression,  would  never  have  been 
worth  contending  for  in  support  either  of  Shak- 
speare's  talent  or  morality ;  but,  identified  as  they 
are  with  the  versatile  and  sometimes  erratic 
genius  of  the  greatest  of  poets,  they  must  all  be 
ascribed  to  him  or  none.  If  we  begin  to  tamper 
with  these  poems,  and  cut  out  one  because  some 
one  else  happened  to  pirate  it,  and  another  be- 
cause some  one  else  plagiarised  it,  and  half-a- 
dozen  others  because  scores  of  witlings  have 
travestied  them,  we  shall  have  none  of  his  minor 
works  left,  and  may  even  become  reconciled  to 
Maister  Izaac  Walton's  title  to  The  Milkmaid's 
Song,  and  The  Milkmaid's  Mother's  Song,  which, 
passing  through  numerous  editions  without  a  re- 
mark to  the  contrary,  might  yet  have  remained  in 
the  undisputed  possession  of  the  dear  innocent  old 
fisherman,  if  Sir  John  Hawkins,  in  his  edition  of 
The  Angler,  had  not  given  us  this  note  : 

"  Dr.  Warburton,  in  his  Notes  on  the  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor,  ascribes  this  song  to  Shakspeare;  it  is  true 
that  Sir  Hugh  Evans,  in  the  third  act  of  that  play,  sings 
four  lines  of  it ;  and  it  appears  in  a  collection  of  poems 
said  to  be  Shakspeare's,  printed  by  Thomas  Cotes  for 
Jno.  Benson,  12mo.  1640,  with  some  variations." 

Apropos  of  dates,  this  is  rather  cool  of  Sir  John, 
seeing  that  Walton  first  published  the  The  Angler 
in  1652,  The  worthy  knight  is  as  little  disposed 
as  J.  M.  G.  to  render  Shakspeare  his  due. 

RICHARD  GREENE. 
Lichfield. 


THE    SCHOOL-BOY   FORMULA. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  124.  210.) 

I  can  add  the  following  versions  of  "  counting- 
out  rhymes  "  to  those  already  given,  but  cannot 


tell  to  what  parts  of  the  country  they  respectively 
belong;  but  I  believe  the  first  is  used  in  the 
western  and  southern  counties. 

"  Hickery,  hoary,  hairy  Ann, 
Busy  body  over  span ; 
Pare,  pare,  virgin  mare ; 
Pit,  pout,  out,  one." 

"  Eena,  deena,  dina,  duss, 
Catalaweena  wina  wus ; 
Tittle  tattle,  what  a  rattle. 
O— U— T  spells  out." 

"  One-ery,  two-ery,  dickery,  Davy, 
Alibo,  crackery,  tenery,  navy ; 
Wishcome  dandy,  merrycome  tine, 
Humbery,  bumbery,  twenty-nine. 
O_ U— T  out,  pit,  pout, 
Stand  you  quite  out." 

"  Hinks,  spinks, 

The  devil  winks, 
The  fat 's  beginning  to  fry ; 

Nobody  's  home 

But  jumping  Joan, 
Father,  mother,  and  I. 

0— U— T  out, 
With  a  long  black  snout; 

Out,  pout,  out." 

HONORS  DE  MAREVILLE. 

Guernsey. 


in  my  childhood  played  at  the 
by  X.  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  but  with  a 


I  have  often 
game  described  by 

slight  difference  in  the  rhymes,  which  we  used  to 
chant  as  follows : 

"  One-ery,  two-ery,  dickery,  deven, 
Arrahbone,  crackabone,  ten  or  eleven ; 
Spin,  spon,  must  go  on, 
Twiddle  'em,  twaddle  'em,  twenty-one ; 
Hawk  'em,  baulk  'em,  boney  Crawkam, 
Hiddecome,  biddjrcome,  bustard. 

O— U— T  out. 

Our  purpose  to  bring  your  matches  about ; 
Bring  them  about  as  fast  as  you  can, 
So  get  you  gone,  you  little  old  man." 

The  last  word  falling  upon  the  person  selected. 

I  never  considered  the  first  part  as  any  other 
than  gibberish  ;  the  latter  end  seems  to  point  at  a 
meaning,  from  the  allusion  to  the  "  matches,"  or 
trials  of  skill.  Having  learnt  the  rhymes  orally,  I 
can  only  guess  at  the  orthography,  and  would 
suggest,  as  a  conjectural  emendation  of  the  line 
before  "  O— U— T," 

"  Hither  come,  Biddy  come,  basta," 

it  is  enough ;  let  us  proceed  to  call  out  the  next 
person  chosen.  Z. 

In  Norfolk  two  used  are  — 

"  One-cry,  two-ery,  ickery  am, 
Bobtail,  vinegar,  tittle,  and  tarn, 
Harum,  scarum, 
Madgerum,  marum, 
Get  you  out,  you  little  old  man." 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


The  other,  a  shorter  one,  used  when  but  few  re- 
main to  select  from : 


"  Eggs,  butter,  cheese,  bread, 
Stick,  stock,  stone  dead ! " 


E.  G.  R. 


I  beg  to  send  you  another  version  of  this 
rhyme,   which    has    remained  imprinted  on  my 
memory  since  I  first  heard  it  in  Aberdeen,  when  a 
little  boy,  about  the  beginning  of  this  century. 
"  Eenery,  twaaery, 

Tuckery,  tayven ; 
Ilalaba,  crackery, 
Ten  or  elayven ; 
Peen,  pan, 

Musky,  Dam ; 

Feedelam,  fadelam, 

Twenty-one." 

ABBEDONENSIS. 

We  school-boys  used  to  have  some  incompre- 
hensible rhymes  by  which  we  cast  lots,  and  which 
I  never  heard  elsewhere  : 

"  Ena,  mena,  mona,  mite, 
Pisca,  lara,  bara,  bite, 

Elga,  belga,  bore. 
Eggs,  butter,  cheese,  bread, 
Stick,  stock,  stone  dead, 
0— U— T  out." 

ANON. 


SPENSER'S  "FAIRY  QUEEN.** 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  143.) 

I  have  prepared  a  few  answers  to  the  Queries 
of  F.  J.  C.  The  castory  is  given  by  the  Glossary 
as  beaver's  oil;  in  Juvenal  (xn.  34.)  we  have 
mention  made  of  its  being  used  by  the  ancients, 
perhaps  for  dyeing,  though  principally  for  me- 
dicinal purposes.  The  reading  in  Upton's  edition 
of  the  passage  in  book  n.  c.  ii.  44.  4.  is,  — 
"  In  which  her  roiall  presence  is  enrold," 

which  I  conceive  can  mean  nothing  but  enrolled, 
that  is,  enclosed, 

In  book  m.  c.  v.  48.  9.,  levin  can  hardly 
mean  anything  but  lightening;  and  by  art  we 
should,  I  think,  understand  naturally,  as  its 
custom  is. 

The  meaning  of  Overt-gate  by  North  is  evident, 
if  we  just  consider  the  context :  thus, 

"  The  Troian  Brute  did  first  that  citie  fownd, 
And  Hygate  made  the  meare  thereof  by  west, 
And  Overt-gate  by  north" 

That  is,  on  the  west  it  was  bounded  by  the  gate 
called  the  Highgate,  and  on  the  north  by  the 
Overt-gate,  or  the  gate  usually  kept  open  for 
traffic. 

In  book  iv.  c.  iv.  29.  6.  The  reading  in  Up- 
ton's edition  is  cuffing,  as  F.  J.  C.  supposes ;  or,  if 
cuffling  be  retained,  might  it  not  be  for  scuffling  ? 


If  boone  does,  as  F.  J.  C.  conjectures,  signify 
homage  in  this  passage,  though  it  generally  means 
gift,  we  might  well  compare  its  use  with  the 
Latin  munus ;  for,  as  Andrews  says, 

"  Munus  significat  officium  quum  dicitur  quis  [  ?  ali- 
quis]  muncre  fungi.  Item  domum  quum  officii  causa 
datur." 

The  last  line,  as  given  by  Upton,  is,  — 

"0  that  great  sabbaoth  God  grant  me  that  sabaoth's 
sight!" 

B.  H.  ALFORD. 
Southboro'. 


ANTIQUITIES   OF   THE   EASTERN    CHURCHES. 

;  (Vol.  x.,  p.  GO.) 

Your  correspondent  ARTERUS  has  been  for- 
tunate if  he  has  seen  many  copies  of  the  curious 
book  concerning  which  he  makes  inquiry.  It  is 
rare,  but  he  does  not  give  the  title  in  full,  at 
least  as  it  runs  in  my  copy.  After  "  Morini,"  and 
before  the  "  etc.,"  occur  the  additional  (not  unim- 
portant) names  of  "  Abr.  Ecchellensis,  Nic.  Pey- 
rescii,  Peta  a  Valle,  Tho.  Comberi,  Joh.  Bux- 
torfii,  H.  Hottingeri." 

This  interesting  collection  was  prepared  by  the 
famous  Pere  Simon ;  and  to  him,  to  the  equally 
celebrated  Henri  Justel,  and  to  the  diligence  and 
zeal  of  Stillingfleet,  we  owe  their  publication. 

The  letters  were  selected  and  arranged  by 
Simon,  and  copied  from  the  originals  by  his 
nephew,  then  living  with  the  uncle ;  who,  from 
his  uncle's  dictation,  and  the  materials  furnished 
by  the  letters  themselves,  prepared,  as  a  literary 
exercise,  the  life  of  Father  Morin,  which  is  pre- 
fixed to  them.  (Simon,  Critique  de  la  Biblio- 
theque  des  Auteurs  Ecclesiastiques,  publiez  par  M. 
Elies  Du-Pin,  tome  ii.  p.  450.  s.) 

Simon  sent  the  copy  and  Life  to  Justel  for  pub- 
lication. Justel  desired  to  see  the  original,  which 
Simon  put  into  his  hands,  and  both  were  for- 
warded to  England,  where  Stillingfleet  committed 
the  work  to  the  press. 

I  doubt  the  existence  of  a  second  impression 
made  at  Leipsic.  The  book  so  entered  in 
Fysher's  Catalogue  is  probably  a  copy  of  a  portion 
of  the  first  edition,  prepared  for  sale  at  Leipsic, 
by  a  not  uncommon  trick  of  the  trade,  by  furnish- 
ment  with  a  new  title  only. 

My  reason  for  so  thinking  is,  that  in  1685 
Simon  (who  was  not  often  remiss  in  obtaining  in- 
formation on  such  points)  appears  to  have  known 
nothing  of  a  second  edition.  On  January  20th  of 
that  year,  writing  to  an  unnamed  correspondent, 
be  complains  strongly  of  the  carelessness  and  bad 
faith  shown  in  the  first  impression,  and  expresses 
lis  hope  of  getting  back  the  original  from  Stil- 
iingfleet,  through  Justel. 

In  that  letter   (the  twenty-sixth  of  the  first 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


371 


edition  of  his  Lettres  Choisies,  the  twenty- eighth 
of  the  first  volume  of  the  larger  edition)  Pere 
Simon  names  the  subject  of  the  suppressed  letter 
noticed  by  ARTERTJS,  and  assigns  a  plausible 
reason  for  the  suppression,  at  the  same  time  fur- 
nishing in  its  true  address  an  instance  of  the 
carelessness  in  printing  of  which  he  complains. 
For  "  Sanes,"  as  correctly  copied  by  your  corre- 
spondent from  the  London  edition,  we  are  to  read 
*'  Sanci ; "  and  for  "  Madoviensis  "  "  Maloviensis," 
the  letter  being  from  M.  de  Sanci,  Bishop  of  St. 
Malo,  to  Cardinal  Bagni ;  although  printed  among 
Morin's  letters,  because  copied  by  him,  on  account 
of  the  interest  of  its  contents,  in  his  own  hand. 

Simon  complains  of  other  suppressions,  and 
Bpecifies  a  passage  in  the  forty- sixth  letter  of  the 
collection,  omitted,  as  he  supposes,  on  account  of 
its  having  contained  an  erroneous  assertion,  that 
the  decrees  of  the  Council  of  Trent  concerning 
doctrine  had  been  received  in  France.  He  at- 
tributes other  errors  to  defective  proof-reading, 
but  gathers  from  the  discrepance  of  the  table  of 
contents,  as  compared  with  the  printed  letters, 
that  there  must  have  been  also  designed  omissions. 
(Lettres  Choisies  de  M.  Simon,  tome  i.  p.  248.  ss., 
Amsterdam,  1730.) 

Simon's  correspondent  was  in  England,  or  at 
least  an  Englishman ;  but  I  find  no  clue  to  his 
name  or  position.  The  connexion  of  Justel  with 
the  transaction  has  furnished  occasion  for  its 
mention  by  Ancillon,  Memoires  concernant  let  Vies 
etles  Ouvrages  deplusieurs  Modernes,  g*c.,  p.229.s., 
Amsterdam,  1709.  W. 

Baltimore,  U.  S.  A. 


OLD    CORNISH   SONG. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  264.) 

A  reader  and  admirer  of  your  excellent  pe- 
riodical has  been  able,  through  the  assistance  of 
a  lady  (whose  gallant  husband,  I  trust,  is  now 
within  the  walls  of  Sebastopol),  to  send  the  words 
and  the  music  of  the  "Fox's  nightly  foraging 
Tour."  If  within  a  day  or  two  I  can  ascertain  the 
origin  of  the  ballad,  it  shall  be  forwarded. 

"  Old  Cornish  Song. 

"  A  fox  went  forth  one  moonsbiny  night, 
And  he  pray'd  to  the  moon  to  give  him  good  light, 
For  he'd  many  miles  to  trot  that  night, 
Before  he  got  home  to  his  den  O, 

His  den  O,  his  den  0 ; 
For  he'd  many  miles  to  trot  that  night, 
Before  he  got  home  to  his  den  O. 

"  And  when  he  came  unto  a  wood, 

As  on  his  hinder  legs  he  stood, 

A  little  bit  of  goose  would  do  me  good, 

Before  I  get  home  to  my  den  O, 

My  den  0,  my  den  O. 
"  So  off  he  set  to  a  farmer's  yard, 

The  ducks  and  the  geese  were  all  of  them  scared, 


'  The  best  of  you  all  shall  grease  my  beard, 
Before  I  get  home  to  my  den  O.' 

"  He  seized  the  great  goose  by  the  neck, 
And  flung  it  all  across  his  back ; 
The  young  ones  cried  out '  Quack,  quack,  quack,' 
And  the  fox  went  home  to  his  den  O. 

"  Old  Mother  Slipperslopper  jump'd  out  of  bed, 
She  open'd  the  window  and  popp'd  out  her  head, 
'  John !  John !  John !  the  great  goose  is  gone, 
And  the  fox  is  gone  home  to  his  den  O.' 

"  So  John  went  up  unto  a  hill, 
And  blew  his  horn  both  loud  and  shrill ; 
Says  the  fox, '  This  is  very  pretty  music,  still 
I'd  rather  be  safe  in  my  den  O.' 

"  And  when  he  came  unto  his  den, 
Where  he  had  young  ones  nine  and  ten, 
Crying  out, '  Daddy  Fox,  you  must  go  there  again, 
For  we  think  it  a  lucky  town  O ' — 

"  The  fox  and  his  wife  they  had  such  a  strife, 
They  never  ate  a  better  goose  in  all  their  life, 
They  tore  it  abroad  without  fork  or  knife, 
And  the  little  ones  pick'd  the  bones  0." 

EDWARD  POMT. 

[We  are  also  indebted  to  W.  E.  S.  T.,  J.  R.  M.,  and 
many  other  correspondents,  for  copies  of  this  song,  of 
which  a  modernised  version  is  to  be  found  in  a  Collection 
of  Nursery  Tales  and  Rhymes  published  by  Cundall.] 


ACTONS  OF  SHROPSHIRE. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  265.) 

A.  T.  T.  E.  makes  three  inquiries  respecting 
John  Acton,  who  died  in  1774,  aged  eighty-two, 
and  left  issue  one  child,  a  daughter.  Although  I 
cannot  positively  answer  all  these  questions,  yet 
the  following  may  be  of  some  assistance  to  your 
querist. 

1.  Was  he    the  son   of  Thomas  or   Clement 
Acton  ?      No.     Their  father  Thomas   had   three 
sons  (two  of  whom  survived  him)  :  Edward,  who 
died  young ;  Thomas,  who  died  astat.  twenty-two, 
1687,  as  it  appears  s.p. ;  and  Clement,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  eighteen.     It  is  evident  that  John 
Acton,  therefore,  was  not  the  son  of  either  of 
these. 

2.  Was  he  the  son  of  Robert  Acton  of  Stepney, 
fifth  son  of  Sir  Walter   Acton?     No.     Robert 
married  Hester,  daughter  of  Francis  Coleman,  of 
Stepney,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons,  Francis,  who 
died  young ;  and  Robert,  who  left  issue  Charles. 
Robert,  senior,  had  also  one  daughter,  Catharine. 

3.  Was  he  John  of  Clapham,  M.A.,  and  grand- 
son of  Walter  ?     This  is  possible,  but  not  certain. 
John  Acton,  M.A.,  was  the  son  of  John  of  the 
Custom  House,  who  died  1721,  and  therefore  in 
point  of  age  may  have  been  the  person  inquired 
after  by  A.  T.  T.  E.    That  John  Acton,-  M.  A., 
was  less  likely  to  be  of  the  medical  than  of  the 
clerical    profession,  we    may   suppose    from   his 
title.    Had  he  been  a  physician  we  should  have 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


expected  M.D.  Again,  the  John  Acton  inquired 
after  died  in  1774,  leaving  issue  one  child,  a 
daughter.  Now,  in  1741,  John,  M.  A.,  was  "  living 
a  bachelor  at  Clapham,  in  Surrey."  If,  therefore, 
he  is  the  person  meant,  he  must  have  married 
after  he  was  forty-nine  years  of  age,  which  is  of 
course  not  impossible. 

If  the  person  whom  your  correspondent  inquires 
after  be  not  John  Acton,  A.M.,  he  would  appear 
not  to  be  of  that  family.  But  it  is  affirmed  that 
he  "  was  of  the  Actons  in  Shropshire,"  and  there- 
fore (if  it  be  so)  this  "  must "  have  been  the  man. 
The  date  of  his  marriage  would  be  of  some  value 
in  deciding  the  question.  B.  H.  C. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Sensitive  collodionized  Plates.  —  May  I  be  permitted  to 
offer  a  somewhat  Hibernian  reply  to  A  BEGINNER  (Vol.  x., 
p.  33.),  who,  although  he  asks  for  information  relative  to 
the  albumenized  glass  process,  appears  to  do  so  simply 
because  he  fancies  that  it  possesses  the  same  advantage 
over  collodion  that  wax  paper  does  over  the  calotype. 

In  August  last  (Vol.  x.,  p.  111.)  you  copied  from  the 
Photographic  Society's  Journal  my  process  for  preserving 
excited  collodion  in  a  sensitive  condition  for  a  lengthened 
period.  I  may  observe  that  I  omitted  sending  you,  con- 
trary to  my  usual  practice,  any  account  of  the  process,  in 
consequence  of  the  publication  by  Messrs.  Spiller  &  Crooke 
at  the  same  time  of  their  nitrate  of  magnesia  formula, 
which  appeared  to  me  at  the  time  to  offer  superior  advan- 
tages: subsequent  experience,  however,  of  the  actual 
working  of  my  own  formula,  has  completely  changed  this 
opinion ;  I  therefore  now  suggest  to  A  BEGINNEK  that  he 
will  probably  accomplish  his  object  with  much  greater 
facility  by  the  use  of  collodion  in  the  following  manner : 
viz.  first  be  sure  that  the  glass  is  thoroughly  clean ;  to 
ensure  this  condition  I  am  in  the  habit  of  using  a  few 
drops  of  alcohol  and  acetic  acid  (not  glacial),  which  I 
keep  ready  mixed  for  the  purpose,  rubbed  well  on  the 
plate  with  a  clean  linen  cloth  until  quite  dry,  and  a  final 
polish  given  with  an  old  silk  handkerchief  kept  for  this 
purpose  only.  Coat  the  plate  with  collodion  as  usual,  and 
immerse  in  the  ordinary  thirty-grain  nitrate  of  silver 
bath.  On  removing  it  from  the  latter,  drain  pretty 
closely,  and  wash  off  the  superfluous  free  nitrate  of  silver 
in  another  bath,  consisting  of  distilled  water  twenty-nine 
ounces  to  one  ounce  of  the  sensitizing  bath ;  as  soon  as 
the  greasiness  of  the  plate  has  ceased  (iv.  about  one  to 
two  minutes),  it  may  be  removed,  drained  for  a  few 
moments,  and  coated  with  the  preservative  syrup  as 
directed  (Vol.  x.,  p.  111.)  ;  drain  for  five  minutes  or  so, 
and  put  away  in  a  box  or  dark  frame  well  protected 
from  diffused  light,  until  convenient  to  use  the  same  in 
the  camera. 

If  carefully  prepared  as  above,  the  plates  will  certainly 
keep  quite  unimpaired  for  at  least  a  week ;  and  I  believe 
that  a  month  or  more  will  do  them  no  injury,  if  thoroughly 
free  from  diffused  light.  The  syrup  is  prepared  by  mix"- 
ing  three  volumes  of  pure  honey  with  five  of  distilled 
water;  and,  after  filtration  through  bibulous  paper, 
adding  one  volume  of  alcohol.  If  kept  in  a  stopped  bottle, 
the  same  syrup  will  be  effective  repeatedly  until  it  be- 
comes discoloured,  when  I  generally  expose  it  for  some 
hours  to  a  strong  light  to  reduce  any  silver  that  may 
have  been  taken  up  from  the  plates ;  and  again  filter  it  to 
remove  the  same,  after  which  it  may  be  used  as  before. 


After  exposure  in  the  camera,  which  need  not  be  longer 
than  when  fresh  plates  are  used  under  similar  circum- 
stances, the  development  need  not  be  attended  to  for  some 
days,  if  it  be  desired  to  wait  so  long.  I  find  that  I  over- 
estimated the  loss  of  sensitiveness  very  materially  in  the 
first  instance,  owing  to  some  slight  acidity  in  the  honey : 
I  now  find  that  there  is  little  or  no  loss  in  this  respect, 
provided  there  be  no  extra  acidity. 

To  develope  the  picture,  it  is  to  be  immersed  in  the  same 
bath  as  it  was  washed  in,  after  leaving  the  nitrate  bath  in. 
the  first  instance;  and  the  same  bath  will  answer  for 
washing  an  indefinite  number  of  plates,  both  prior  to 
and  after  exposure,  provided  it  be  occasionally  filtered. 
After  washing,  previously  to  developing,  a  sufficiency  of 
one-grain  solution  of  pyrogallic  acid,  with  the  usual 
quantum  of  acetic  acid,  is  to  be  poured  over  the  plate, 
when  the  details  of  the  picture  will  very  slowly  appear, 
and  be  exceedingly  faint ;  when  fully  out,  the  pyrogallic 
acid  is  to  be  returned  to  the  measure,  and  some  ten 
drops  from  the  sensitizing  thirty-grain  bath  added  for  a 
nine  by  seven  inch  plate,  and  then  to  be  returned  to  the 
plate ;  when  the  required  intensity  may  be  obtained,  and 
the  action  stopped  by  well  washing.  The  fixing  may  be 
either  with  the  hyposulphate  of  soda  or  cyanide  of  potas- 
sium, as  preferred ;  but  the  former  gives  better  negatives 
to  my  own  fancy. 

In  cold  weather,  there  is  no  objection  to  adding  the 
nitrate  of  silver  to  the  pyrogallic  acid  in  the  first  instance  i 
but  if  it  be  at  all  warm,  this  is  not  a  safe  proceeding.  I 
believe  I  have  now  given  all  the  minutiaa  of  the  im- 
proved details  of  manipulation  which  experience  has 
dictated ;  and  if  they  be  closely  followed,  and  the  time  of 
exposure  in  the  camera  judiciously  proportioned  to  the 
light  and  the  nature  of  the  subject,  I  have  no  hesitation  in 
affirming  that  the  production  of  a  good  negative  may  be 
reduced  to  a  certainty ;  while  the  trouble  is  not  one  half 
that  incurred  with  paper,  or  one  tithe  of  that  required  for 
albumen. 

If  I  have  not  trespassed  already  too  long  upon  your 
patience,  I  should  be  glad  to  make  one  or  two  remarks 
farther.  In  the  first  place,  the  plates  prepared  as  above 
have  not  such  injurious  effects  upon  the  slides  of  the  dark 
frames,  as  those  prepared  by  the  deliquescent  salts,  which 
latter  cause  the  sliding  parts,  &c.,  to  become  stiff  and 
warp.  In  the  next,  I  find,  on  reference  to  your  pages, 
that  to  those  unacquainted  with  the  facts  of  the  case,  I 
might  be  open  to  the  imputation  of  having  borrowed  the 
idea  of  using  grape  sugar  and  honey  from  MR.  F.  M. 
LTTE,  without  acknowledging  the  same ;  but,  fortunately 
for  my  reputation  on  this  head,  I  mentioned  the  fact  of 
having  been  successful  in  my  attempt  to  preserve  the 
sensitive  plates  at  the  Photographic  Society  on  June  1, 
and  had  been  using  honey,  &c.  for  many  months  pre- 
viously; while  MR.  LYTE'S  instantaneous  process  ap- 
peared not  until  17th  of  the  same  month ;  consequently, 
we  had  both  been  experimenting  simultaneously  in  the 
same  direction.  Lastly,  1  find  that  for  collodion  the  ordi- 
nary ac.  acet.  fortis  is  equal  to  the  glacial  acid  in  every 
respect  except  strength,  and  can  be  obtained  for  from  six- 
pence to  eightpence  per  pound,  if  taken  in  any  quantity ; 
so  that  the  economy  of  using  it  for  large  plates  is  con- 
siderable. I  use  for  my  developing  solution : 


Distilled  water 
Pyrogallic  acid 
Acetic  acid  (as  above)  - 


-  6  oz.  fluid. 

-  8  grains. 

-  2oz. 


Thus  producing  a  one-grain  solution.      GEO.  SHADBOLT. 

Photographic  Cavils.  —  As  there  appears  to  have  arisen 
the  slightest  disposition  towards  snip-snap  with  one  an- 
other on  small  matters  amongst  the  photographic  corre- 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


spondents  of  your  own  and  the  Photographic  Journal, 
may  I  be  allowed  to  say  a  few  words  on  the  subject? 

First  of  all,  a  gentleman  who  signs  himself  X.  very 
obligingly  gives  us,  in  the  Photographic  Journal,  an  ac- 
count of  the  mode  in  which  he  obtains  two  pictures  a-day 
to  his  own  entire  satisfaction.  This  is  taken  up  by  an- 
other correspondent,  Novus,  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  who  looks 
upon  two  pictures  a-day  as  scarcely  worth  taking  all  the 
trouble  for,  and  inquires  how  many  are  generally  con- 
sidered a  fair  number  a-day  by  the  calotype  and  collodion 
processes. 

Upon  thisX.  fires  up,  being  jealous'of  any  observations 
on  his  dual  accomplishments  per  diem,  and,  like  an 
Irishman  at  Donnybrook  fair,  hits  round  promiscuously. 
Amongst  the  rest  he  attacks  Buckle's  brush,  which  he 
miscalls  "  Buckle's  abomination." 

After  all,  perhaps  X.  will  be  surprised  at  being  told 
that  he  threw  the  first  stone  in  this  controversy.  We  are 
bound  to  suppose  that  X.  is  a  first-rate  photographer,  for 
he  says  he  takes  his  photographic  tours  "  without  expe- 
riencing a  single  failure," — a  perfection  which  few  of  us,  I 
fear,  can  boast  of  as  a  regular  custom.  But  X.  first  in- 
troduced his  plan  by  decrying  the  collodion  and  wax- 
paper  processes,  and  raked  up  all  manner  of  objections 
against  them,  and  I  must  say  not  quite  fairly,  I  think ; 
for  there  are  many  advantages  in  these  processes  peculiar 
to  themselves,  and  there  are  contrivances  for  obviating 
many  of  the  difficulties  which  he  mentions.  For  instance, 
with  one  of  Archer's  folding  cameras,  I  do  not  know  what 
process  there  is  which  we  cannot  practise  with  equal  con- 
venience and  success  at  home  or  abroad ;  whilst  to  the 
experimental  photographer  it  is  almost  indispensable,  as 
he  can  watch  the  progress  of  his  experiments  throughout 
the  whole  process.  With  this  camera,  the  quickest  and 
most  perfect  of  all  photographic  processes  (I  mean,  of 
course,  the  collodion  process)  is  as  practicable  in  the 
country  as  it  is  at  home,  with  all  our  conveniences  around 
us ;  with  the  advantage  of  its  enabling  us  to  take,  deve- 
lope,  and  fix  a  picture  in  from  five  to  ten  minutes,  and 
consequently  enabling  us  to  take  as  many  pictures  a-day 
as  we  please ;  and  yet  the  whole  apparatus  and  chemicals 
necessary  will  be  found  as  portable  as  X.'s  blotting-book, 
papers,  dishes,  bottles,  camera,  calico,  &c.,  with  this  ad- 
ditional advantage  over  X.,  that  when  the  pictures  are 
taken  and  fixed  they  are  finished  on  the  spot,  leaving 
nothing  farther  to  be  done  at  night  beyond  admiring 
them ;  and  obviating  all  necessity  of  preparing  papers  in 
the  morning,  or  "  of  sitting  up  half  the  night "  to  deve- 
lope  and  fix.  This  will  surely  satisfy,  not  only  Novus, 
but  the  most  hungry  photographer. 

But  enough  of  this.  Our  art  is  a  new  one,  and  it  is  as 
well  that  there  are  different  opinions  amongst  those  who 
devote  themselves  to  it,  as  it  developes  not  pictures 
merely,  but  skill  and  talents  also ;  and  each  may  perhaps 
be  enabled  to  add  a  mite  to  the  wonders  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  And  this,  Mr.  Editor,  will  be  best  accomplished 
by  each  of  us  trying  to  excel  in  our  own  line,  and  com- 
municating the  results  of  our  experience  to  each  other 
through  the  medium  of  this  and  other  journals,  without 
decrying  other  processes,  or  squabbling  which  is  the  best 
process,  collodion  or  albumen,  wax-paper  or  calotype. 

Even  DR.  DIAMOND,  to  whom  we  are  all  so  much 
obliged,^  has  not  refrained  from  abusing  an  instrument 
(Buckle's  brush)  simply  because  he  does  not  employ  it 
himself,  whilst  in  other  hands  it  is  found  a  very  admir- 
able contrivance.  J.  W.  H. 

Exeter. 


to 

Coleridge's  Lectures  on  Shakspeare  (Vol.  x.,  pp. 
1.  21.  57.  117.). —  Any  one  who  can  appreciate 
the  greatest  philosopher  of  modern  times,  must 
feel  grateful  to  MR.  COLLIER  for  the  most  valuable 
contribution  "  N.  &  Q."  ever  received.  At  the 
same  time,  the  glimpse  we  have  obtained  of  this 
recovered  treasure  has  a  tantalising  effect,  and 
produces  a  restless  desire  for  the  whole.  Will 
MB.  COLLIER  kindly  gratify  the  disciples  of  Cole- 
ridge by  mentioning  if  he  have  any  intention  of 
immediately  publishing  these  lectures,  whether  by 
themselves,  or  as  a  supplement  to  a  new  edition 
of  Coleridge's  Notes  and  Lectures  upon  Shakspeare 
already  published  ? 

A  very  important  Query  here  suggests  itself, 
viz.,  Has  any  one  else  besides  MR.  COLLIER  taken 
notes  of  these  lectures  of  Coleridge  ?  Can  any 
one  supply  the  lectures  not  in  MR.  COLLIER'S 
possession  ?  Even  an  outline  from  memory  would 
be  better  than  nothing.  EIHIONNACH. 

Darling's  "  Cyclopaedia  Bibliographica "  (Vol. 
ix.,  p.526.). — As  "N.  &  Q.,"  besides  being  exten- 
sively read  in  their  fatherland,  are  also  perused 
by  the  literati  of  other  countries,  will  you  lend 
your  assistance  to  correct  the  misapprehension 
and  unjust  criticism  of  a  reviewer  of  Mr.  Dar- 
ling's work,  contained  in  Dr.  Petzhold's  Anzeiger 
fur  Bibliographic  imd  BiUiothekswissemchaft> 
Heft  8,  1 854  ?  The  reviewer  complains  that  the 
Cyclopaedia  notices  only  a  few  of  the  works  of 
many  eminent  German  authors,  and  cannot  ac- 
count for,  and  blames  such  a  partial  enumeration 
of  them.  The  cause  of  his  ignorance  is  stated  by 
himself:  his  copy  of  the  Cyclopsedia,  he  says, 
wants  the  preface,  which  would  have  explained  the 
compiler's  object,  namely,  to  supply  a  select  cata- 
logue and  a  summary  of  the  contents  of  works, 
and  chiefly  of  those  composing  his  own  theological 
library.  The  reviewer  should  procure  this  pre- 
face, the  perusal  of  which  will  convince  him  that 
his  severe  strictures  are  unmerited,  and  that  Mr. 
Darling's  valuable  and  elaborate  work  is  strictly 
executed  on  the  plan  traced  out  by  its  compiler. 

J.  MACRAT. 
Oxford. 

Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  his  Descendants 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  78.).  —  MR.  WARDEN'S  inquiry  has 
but  this  moment  come  under  my  notice.  My 
maternal  grandfather,  the  late  Henry  Staniforth 
(or  Stanyford)  Blanckley,  Esq.,  formerly  a  major 
in  the  army,  and  for  many  years  consul-general  in 
the  Balearic  Islands  and  at  Algiers,  was  lineally 
descended  from  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  and  pos- 
sessed many  interesting  relics  of  his  great  an- 
cestor. He  also  possessed  some  portion  of  Sir 
Walter's  estates  in  the  county  of  Cork ;  these, 
however,  came  to  him  with  his  wife,  who  was  his 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


first  cousin,  and  also  of  the  Raleigh  line.  Her 
name  was  Rogers ;  her  brother  was  Colonel 
Rogers  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  well  known  in 
Dublin.  A  small  estate  called  Cooly-cussane  is 
all  that  now  remains  in  the  Blanckley  family  of 
this  Irish  property.  My  grandfather  possessed 
the  ring  which  Sir  Walter  wore  on  the  scaffold, 
and  it  is  now  in  the  possession  of  his  eldest  son's 
son,  Captain  Edward  James  Blanckley,  of  the 
6th  Foot.  He  also  had  an  iron-gilt  despatch-box 
covered  with  velvet,  once  crimson  ;  this,  together 
with  Sir  Walter's  teapot  of  red  earth,  silver 
mounted,  went  to  his  younger  son,  the  late  Cap- 
tain Edward  Blanckley,  R.  N.,  and  both  articles 
are  now  in  the  hands  of  his  widow. 

I  remember  to  have  heard  of  two  ladies  of  the 
name  of  Raleigh  (to  whom  I  am  inclined  to  think 
my  grandfather  was  guardian),  and  they  were,  I 
believe,  the  last  descendants  who  bore  the  name. 
It  would  be  personally  interesting  to  me  if  these 
Dotes,  made  without  referring  to  family  papers, 
should  be  the  means  of  eliciting  more  precise  in- 
formation than  I  ain  able  to  afford.  L.  R.  J.  T. 

Ecclesiastical  Maps  (Vol.  x.,  p.  187.)-  —  Your 
correspondent  ABCHD.  WEIR  will  find  that  in  the 
Appendix  to  the  Third  Report  of  the  Commis- 
sioners appointed  to  consider  the  State  of  the  Esta- 
blished Church  in  England  and  Wales,  dated  May 
20th,  1836,  there  are  a  series  of  maps  of  the 
several  dioceses  of  England  and  Wales,  beautifully 
engraved,  twenty-six  in  number :  they  include  the 
new  dioceses  of  Manchester  and  Ripon,  four  for 
the  province  of  York,  and  twenty  for  Canterbury. 
T.  GIMLETTE,  Clerk. 

Waterford. 

A  map  of  England,  showing  the  boundaries  of 
the  dioceses,  and  another  map,  pointing  out  some 
contemplated  changes  in  the  dioceses,  were,  I 
believe,  published  in  one  of  the  parliamentary  blue 
books,  in  an  early  session  of  the  reformed  parlia- 
ment ;  but  I  cannot  now  give  the  date. 

H.  MARTIN. 

Halifax. 

'Prentice  Pillars,  Roslyn  (Vol.  v.,  p.  395.). — 
Your  correspondent  C.  T.  states  that  the  anec- 
dote of  the  master  and  apprentice  "  is  connected 
with  two  pillars  in  Roslyn  Chapel."  I  have 
visited  the  chapel  twice,  once  very  recently,  and 
I  do  not  remember  to  have  heard  of  more  than  one 
pillar  of  which  the  story  is  related,  namely,  that 
on  which  a  wreath  is  sculptured  twining  round  the 
shaft,  and  by  which  peculiarity  it  is  distinguished 
from  every  other  pillar  in  the  chapel. 

ARCH.  WEIR. 

Prophecies  respecting  Constantinople  (Vol.  x., 
pp.  147.  192.).  —  Your  correspondent  ANON,  will, 
perhaps,  not  dislike  to  see  the  Turkish  prophecy 


which  he  has  given  from  Georgevics  (or  Georgie- 
vitz)  the  Hungarian,  in  his  celebrated  work  Pro- 
gnoma  sive  Prcesagium  Mehemetanorum,  Antwerp., 
1546,  spelt  according  to  a  more  intelligible  sys- 
tem of  orthography  than  that  used  by  the  Hun- 
garians. It  is  cited  by  Hyde,  in  his  "  Notes  on 
Peritsol's";  Itinera  Mundi "  (Syntagma  Dissertat., 
i.  p.  61.),  and  is  as  follows  : 

"  Padishahumuz  gelur ;  Kaferin  memleketi  alur ;  kabz 
ei'Ier ;  yedi  yileh-dek  Gaur  kiliji  chikmaseh,  on  fki  yilek- 
dek,  dnlaiin  beiglik  e'der ;  evi  yapar ;  baghi  diker ;  bagh- 
cheh  baghlar :  dghli,  kizi,  alur :  on  fki  yilden  sonrah,  k£- 
firin  kiliji  chikar,  dl  Turki  heri-sineh  [or  giri-sineh] 
dushereh." 

After  the  first  "  aliir,"  Hyde  has  "  kizil  almah 
aliir,"  rubrum  pomum  capiet ;  and  the  last  clause, 
"  Ol  Turki,"  &c.,  which  he  renders  qui  Turcam  re- 
cidere  faciet,  is  probably  in  bubile  suum  recidere 
faciet.  "  Kerf "  is  an  uncommon  word,  and  from 
his  author's  version  we  ought,  perhaps,  to  read 
"  gin "  (giru)  for  "  keri."  Hyde  had  not  seen 
the  text  in  a  Turkish  MS.  He  says,  "  Prophetia 
extat  apud  Georgievitzium,  a  quo  accepi,  et  in  pro- 
prios  characteres  restitui."  (Ib.  p.  62.) 

If  Georgievics  (i.  e.  Georgievich)  gives  this  as 
".'a  Persian  version  of  the  prophecy,"  it  is  odd,  as 
it  is  pure  Turkish ;  and  in  his  thirteen  years  of 
slavery  among  the  Turks  he  had  completely  mas- 
tered their  language.  Not  having  any  edition  of 
his  book  before  me,  I  can  only  suspect  some  error 
in  Sansovino  or  in  ANON.  ANAT. 

Flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare  (Vol.  x., 
pp.  98.  225.).  — 

"  When  daisies  pied  and  violets  blue, 
And  lady  smock  all  silver  white,"  &c. 

"  The  little  western  flower, 
Before  milk-white,  now  purpled  with  love's  wound." 

Your  correspondent,  in  assuming  that  Shak- 
speare alludes  to  two  different  flowers  in  the  above 
quotations,  appears  to  be  unacquainted  with  the 
fact  of  the  changes  in  the  colours  of  plants  from 
solar  light  and  the  peculiar  character  of  the  soil. 
These  changes  are  satisfactorily  explained  in 
Messrs.  Chambers'  little  work  on  Vegetable  Physio- 
logy. I  extract  a  few  examples  from  that  work  : 

" « Yellow  passes  into  white.'  This  is  the  case  with  the 
Agrimonia  eupatoria  (agrimony),  which  fades  from  orange 
into  a  dingy  white.  (The  converse  is  the  fact  with  the 
primrose,  which  advances  from  a  pale  straw  colour  to  an 
orange,  and  becomes  brown  as  it  fades.)" 

"  '  White  changes  into  purple.'  The  change  from  white 
into  purple  is  illustrated  by  the  change  of  the  snow-white 
blooms  of  the  Oxalis  acetosella  (wood  sorrel),  which  be- 
come purple  as  they  fade ;  while  the  tips  of  the  perianth 
of  the  daisy  sometimes  become  pink,  or  purple,  as  the 
flower  opens.  A  parallel  effect  may  be  seen  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  bulb  of  the  turnip,  which  turns  purple  as  the 
bulb  increases  in  size.  The  change  from  blue  and  yellow 
into  white  is  also  exemplified  in  the  crocus ;  and  from 
blue  to  white  in  the  Polemonium  (Greek,  Valerian').  The 


Nov.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


Digitalis  purpurea  (foxglove),  commencing  with  white 
flowers,  which  become  red,  deepening  into  purple,  and 
then  fading  into  white  again." 

"  It  is  ascertained  that  colour  in  plants  is  generally 
due  to  the  presence  of  a  substance  called  chromule  (dis- 
tinct from  the  sap),  which  is  found  in  the  form  of  minute 
grains  in  the  cellular  tissue.  The  common  theory  of  its 
formation  (as  physiologists  state  it)  is  a  chemical  one. 
It  is  asserted  that  the  carbonic  acid  gas,  which  has  been 
absorbed  by  the  plant,  is  decomposed  in  the  cellular 
tissue ;  the  oxygen  being  given  off  to  the  atmosphere, 
while  the  pure  carbon  is  retained  by  the  plant,  and  con- 
verted into  colouring  matter.  The  researches  into  human 
physiology  exhibit  a  case  in  some  degree  similar  in  the 
colouring  matter  of  the  hair  of  the  negro's  skin." 

L.  A. 

Manchester. 

Woodbine  and  honeysuckle  are  both  names  for 
the  same  plant.  The  woodbind,  or  bindweed,  or 
bearbind,  is  a  climber,  with  a  large  white  flower, 
not  unlike  a  convolvulus.  Steevens  considers  the 
words  "the  sweet  honeysuckle"  as  merely  ex- 
planatory ;  and  that  it  is  the  elm  which  is  en- 
twisted,  both  by  that  and  the  ivy.  The  passage 
should  be  pointed  thus  : 

"  So  doth  the  woodbine —  the  sweet  honeysuckle  — 
Gently  entwist  —  the  female  ivy  so 
Enrings  —  the  barky  fingers  of  the  elm." 

H.  MARTIN. 
Halifax. 

"  /  saw  thy  form  in  youthful  prime  "  (Vol.  x., 
p.  225.).  —  In  the  two  concluding  lines  of  this 
melody,  the  author  admits  to  have  made  a  feeble 
effort  to  imitate  an  exquisite  inscription  of  Shen- 
stone's,  never  more  touchingly,  perhaps,  intro- 
duced than  at  the  close  of  the  following  inscription, 
which  I  copied  lately  from  a  tombstone  in  the 
churchyard  of  Ruthin,  in  North  Wales  : 

"* 

H.  S.  E. 

Constantinus  Edvardus  Jorre, 
Nicolai  et  Elizse  Jorre, 

Filius  Natu  Tertius. 
Apud  Leamingtoniam  Varvicensem 

Vitam  iniit, 

Die  xi.  •  Julii  MDCCCXXXIV. 

Ex  eadem  in  hoc  oppido  decessit, 

Die  xx.  Augusti  MDCCCLI. 

Hunc  cippum 

Magistri  et  Disdpuli 

Scholar  Ruthinensis, 

Hi  Comitem  dilectissimum, 

Illi  eximium  Alumnum, 

Lugentes, 

Ponendum  curaverunt. 

Hen!  guanto  minus  est 

Cum  reliquis  versari 

Quam  tui  meminisse  !  " 

CANTAB. 

"Jn  signo  Thau"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  185.). —The 
Greek  T  is  not  uncommon  as  an  ecclesiastical  sym- 
bol. It  is  frequently  used  on  the  monogram  I  HC 
(the  usual  abbreviation  for  Jesus  in  MSS.),  in 

the  form  JHC,  meaning  "the  crucified  Jesus." 


But  as  a  Latin  monogram,  I  nS,  it  is  read,  "Jesus 
hominum  salvator."  Eusebius  and  Jerome  refer 
to  this  form  of  letter  as  resembling  the  cross,  the 
former  as  to  the  Greek  tau,  and  the  latter  as  to 
the  ancient  Hebrew*  (not  the  square  Chaldee) 
tau.  Symbolically  the  letter  Ijl  forms  the  double 
tau,  by  being  cut  in  two  and  viewed  sideways  ;  the 
triple  tau  n  is  therefore  formed  by  three  crosses. 
I  suspect  that  the  usual  form  of  the  cross,  f ,  is  a 
corruption  of  .+.,  the  monogram  for  XP,  and  the 
abbreviation  of  XPICTOC.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

The  allusion  here  is  to  Ezekiel  ix.  4.,  where 
the  authorised  version  "  set  a  mark,"  or  the  mar- 
ginal "  mark  a  mark,"  in  the  original  is  in  n*inril 
(Vehithaviath  Thau).  Lee  (Heb.  Lexicon,  voce 
THAU)  says  that  the  ancient  form  of  the  letter 
than  was  that  of  a  cross  ;  and  in  the  Samaritan  al- 
phabet in  the  Penny  Cyclopcedia  (art.  ALPHABET), 
the  than  is  represented  as  a  cross  saltire,  or  St. 
Andrew's  cross.  The  passage  in  Ezekiel  is  re- 
ferred to  by  Bishop  Andrewes  (Sermons,  vol.  iii. 
p.  210.,  ed.  Ang.-Cath.  Lib.):  "There  goes  one 
before,  and  makes  a  than  in  the  forehead,"  &c.  la 
a  painted  window  in  Bourges  Cathedral  the  sacri- 
fice of  the  paschal  lamb  is  depicted ;  a  figure  is 
marking  the  door-posts.  The  words  "  Scribe 
Thau"  are  on  the  glass.  (Vide  Journal  of  Arch. 
Institute,  vol.  i.  pp.  169.  173.)  E.  G.  R. 

Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey's  Library  (Vol.  x., 
p.  286.).  —  A  copy  of  this  catalogue,  the  title  of 
which  is  in  Latin,  too  long  for  your  pages,  is  in 
the  library  at  Woburn  Abbey.  The  following 
extract  from  the  notice  to  the  reader  says  : 

"The  whole  library  being  really  so  considerable  for 
number,  as  well  as  scarcity,  that  many  persons  of  honour, 
&c.,  (though  possessed  of  very  great  libraries  of  their 
own),  had  frequent  recourse  to  this  for  the  perusal  of 
many  out  of  the  ordinary  road  of  learning,  not  elsewhere 
to  be  found.  Thus  much  was  thought  fit  to  be  commu- 
nicated to  the  world  by  one  who  had  the  honour  for  many 
years  to  be  employed  in  his  lordship's  service." 

J.M. 

Geoffrey  Alford  (Vol.x.,  p.  289.).  —  Gregory 
Alford  is  often  spoken  of  as  Captain  Alford,  the 
son  of  a  merchant  of  Lyme,  a  sufferer  in  the 
troubles.  He  compounded,  and  resided  at  Lyme 
during  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  and  James  II., 
where  he  as  a  mayor  and  corporation  man  per- 
secuted the  Dissenters.  An  amusing  account  is 
to  be  found  in  Roberts'  Life  of  the  Duke  of  Mon- 
mouth.  That  same  author  has  much  respecting 
the  famous  Gregory  (not  Geoffrey  as  in  the 
Query)  in  his  collection.  He  believes  the  Somer- 
setshire and  Lyme  Alfords  to  have  b'een  con- 
nected. G.  R.L. 

*  In  form  similar  to  the  Ethiopic  ^  tau. 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  262. 


Monastery  of  Nutcelle  (Vol.  x.,  p.  287.).— 
Nutshalling  (commonly  called  Nursling)  is  in 
Hampshire,  being  about  four  miles  N.  W.  of 
Southampton.  It  does  not  appear,  however,  that 
there  was  ever  a  monastery  here ;  but,  according 
to  the  common  tradition  of  the  place,  there  was 
one  at  Redbridge  (formerly  Reodford),  a  village 
adjoining  Nutshalling.  Camden,  I  believe,  men- 
tions it.  Lewis,  in  his  Topographical  Dictionary, 
speaks  of  it  as  a  monastery  in  the  infancy  of  the 
Saxon  church,  and  relates  that,  in  687,  Cynbreth, 
at  that  time  abbot,  converted  and  baptized  the 
two  brothers  of  Arvandus,  prince  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  preparatory  to  their  execution  by  com- 
mand of  Ceadwella,  king  of  Essex.  The  site  of 
this  monastery  the  Redbridge  folk  point  out  as 
being  near  where  now  the  Andover  canal  ter- 
minates, and  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Nut- 
shalling.  RUSSELL  Goios. 

Col  St.  Leger  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  95.  175.).— This 
gentleman  formerly  lived  at  Grangemellon,  near 
this :  his  castellated  gatehouse  still  exists,  as  well  as 
gardens,  fishponds,  bow.ling- alley,  &c. ;  the  house 
has  long  since  been  dismantled.  He  belonged  to 
an  extraordinary  set  of  men,  who  flourished  in  this 
kingdom  about  1770  to  the  time  of  the  Union.  A 
most  amusing  account  of  them  is  given  in  a  small 
work,  Ireland  Sixty  Years  Ago.  Col.  St.  Leger  (or 
Sallenger  commonly  called)  was  one  of  the  Bucks, 
and  had  many  confreres  in  this  district,  old 
Bagenal,  co.  Carlow,  —  Buck  Whaley,  Jerusalem 
Whaley,  and  many  others,  who  passed  their  lives 
in  all  sorts  of  extravagance,  hard  drinking,  in  fact 

five  us  the  natural  character  of  "  Wild  Irish." 
allenger  is  principally  celebrated  as  the  originator 
of  the  "  Hell-fire  Club."  The  peasantry  here 
believe  that  he  often  drives  in  a  coach  and  four ; 
the  coachman  and  footmen  are  headless,  and  also 
the  horses  ;  some  of  the  parties  have  even  seen  this 
cavalcade,  and  will  not  pass  by  Grangemellon 
after  dark.  The  work  before  alluded  to  gives  us 
a  glimpse  of  an  extraordinary  state  of  society,  long 
since  passed  away.  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  Sir 
Jonah  Barrington  (also  a  former  resident)  gives 
some  particulars  of  the  celebrated  "  Sallenger." 

H. 
Athy. 

Reckoning  by  Nights  (Vol.  x.,  p.  221.).  —  As  no 
correspondent  has  answered  this,  I  beg,  though 
with  diffidence,  to  recall  the  manner  in  which 
Xenophon  records  the  "  Retreat  of  the  Ten  Thou- 
sand," viz.  by  ffTo.efj.ol,  stages,  or  day's  marches. 
Possibly  some  of  the  commentators  on  the  following 
passages,  viz.  Tacit.  Germ.  11.,  Hesiod,  Theog. 
724.,  Caesar,  B.  G.  vi.  18.,  may  furnish  M.  with 
references.  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

Water-cure  in  the  last  Century  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  28. 
153.).  — To  the  catalogue  of  authors  who  have 


written  to  recommend  the  medicinal  use  of  cold 
water,  may  be  added  the  name  of  Sir  John  Floyer 
of  Lichfield.  In  his  book  entitled  Pseuchrolusia  ; 
or,  the  History  of  Cold  Bathing,  published  at 
Lichfield  in  1702,  mention  is  made  of  many  won- 
derful cures  effected  by  cold  bathing  in  a  spring 
in  a  garden  adjoining  Saint  Chad's  church  in  that 
city.  N.  W.  S. 

Slaughtering  Cattle  in  Towns  (Vol.  x.,  p.  287.). 
—  The  reason  why  Cambridge  is  particularised  in 
the  statute  4  Hen.  VH.  cap.  3.  is,  that  it  was  not 
a  walled  town. 

Why  Berwick  and  Carlisle  were  excepted  I 
must  leave  to  be  explained  by  those  conversant  in 
the  history  of  those  places.  C.  H.  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 

The  Ogden  and  Westcott  Families :  American 
Loyalists  (Vol.  vi.,  pp.  37.  44.  592.). — Among  the 
Ogdens  mentioned  in  Sabine's  American  Loyalists, 
referred  to  in  p.  44.,  is  one  thus  curtly  noticed  : 

"  OGDEN,  ISAAC,  Barrister-at-Law,  New  York.  Was 
also  a  correspondent  of  Galloway." 

This  gentleman  removed  to  Canada,  and  was  for 
many  years  a  puisne  judge  of  the  Court  of  King's 
Bench  at  Montreal,  where  he  died,  about  thirty 
years  ago,  at  an  advanced  age.  Three  of  his  sons 
are  now  living,  viz.  Peter  Skene  Ogden,  a  chief 
factor  in  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company ;  Isaac 
Gouverneur  Ogden,  Sheriff  of  the  District  of 
Three  Rivers,  in  Canada;  and  Charles  Richard 
Ogden,  formerly  Attorney-General  of  Lower 
Canada,  and  now  Attorney- General  of  the  Isle  of 
Man.  EHIC. 

Hochelaga. 

Words  and  Phrases  at  Polperro  (Vol.  x.,  pp. 
173.  300.).  —  VIDEO  is  mistaken  if  he  supposes  all 
the  words  quoted  in  his  list  to  be  peculiar  to  Pol- 
perro, or  even  to  Cornwall.  I  have  extracted  a 
score  of  his  instances,  one  half  of  which  are  com- 
mon in  Cheshire,  and  the  other,  half  well  known  to 
most  residents  in  Devonshire.  Abide,  anan,  ax, 
chimley,  chap,  dish,  fuddled,  giggle,  goold,  and  grab, 
have  each  the  same  signification  in  Cheshire  as 
that  pointed  out  by  VIDEO  ;  while  anist,  ball,  chief, 
chuff",  cloam,  crim,  drang,  drule,  greet,  and  grise, 
are  "  familiar  in  the  mouths "  of  Devonians  as 
"  household  words."  T.  HUGHES. 

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[No.  262. 


GXtfiXUC  AND    BYZANTINE 
HISTORY. 

This  Day  ii  published, 

TTISTORY  OF  THE  BYZAN- 

JL1  TINE  AND  GREEK  EMPIRES  _ 
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THE  TREE  ROSE.  —  PRAC- 
TICAL,  INSTRUCTIONS   FOR   ITS 
FORMATION    AND    CULTURE.     Illus- 
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Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  with 
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CONTENT!  : 

Annual  pruning  time,  principle  of  execution, 
&c. 

Binding  up 

Budding  knife 

Budding,  time  of  year,  day,  time  of  day,  state 
of  the  plant,  care  of  buds 

Budding  ujjon  body 

Bud,  insertion  of,  into  stock 

Bud,  preparation  of,  for  use 

Buds,  dormant  and  pushing 

Buds,  failing 

Buds,  securing  a  supply  of 

Caterpillars,  slugs,  and  snails,  to  destroy 

Causes  of  success 

Dormant  buds,  theory  of  replanting  with,  ex- 
plained 

Guards  against  wind 

Labelling 

Loosing  ligatures 

March  pruning 

Mixture  for  healing  wounds 

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Pruning  for  transplantation 

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from 

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Shape  of  trees 

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Shoots  for  budding  upon,  and  their  arrange- 
ment 

Shoots,  keeping  even,  and  removing  thorns 

Shortening  wild  shoots 

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GRAFTING. 
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Grafting,  advantage  of 
Grafting,  disadvantage  of 
Operation  in  different  months 
Preliminary  observations 
Roses,  catalogue  and  brief  description  of  a  few 

sorts 

Scion,  preparation  and  insertion  of 
Scions,  choice  and  arrangement  of 
Stock,  preparation  of 

APPENDIX. 
A  selection  of  varieties 
Comparison  between  budding  and  grafting. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  263.] 


SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  11.  1854. 


(  Price  Fourpence. 

i  Stamped  Edition,  5<7. 


CONTENTS. 


NOTES  :  — 


Page 


Will  and  Testament,  by  Wm.  S.  Hesle- 
den 377 

Churchill's  Grave,  by  Charles  de  la 
Pryme  -  -  -  -  -378 

The  English  Turcopolier  of  the  Order  of 
St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  by  William 
Winthrop  -  -  -  -  378 

Nicholas,  Emperor  of  Russia,  and  the 
late  Kins:  of  Prussia,  by  J.  Macray  -  380 

Hospital  of  St.  Cross,  by  Henry  Edwards    381 

Turitau  Similes,  by  R.  C.  Warde  -    382 

MINOR  NOTES  : — ABoscobelBox — Jury 


Biographical  Error         -          -          -    382 

QUERIES:  — 

Paleario's  Treatise,  by  Churchill  Ba- 
bington  -  -  -  -  -  384 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Temptation  and 
Selfishness  _  Storbating,  or  Storbant- 
ingr  —  Battledoor  —  Bryant  Family  — 
Bread  converted  into  Stone  :  an  en- 
during Miracle  —  Irish  Family  Names 

—  King  James  Brass  Money  —  Cus- 
toms of  the  County  Clare  — Earthen- 
ware   Vessels    found     at   Fountains 
Abbey  —Arms  of  De  Mcntfort  — Can- 
non-ball Effects  —  St.  Peter's  at  Rome 

—  Captain  Upton — Furnace  Cinders 

— Erasmus's  "  Adagia  "— Bruce       -    385 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :—  Chau- 
cer's Parish  Priest  —  Decalogue  in 
Churches  _  Herbert's  Poems —  "Phi- 
lologia  Sacra  "  — Curran  a  Preacher 

—  Drinking  from  Seven  Glasses  —  Ar- 
thur's Grave  —  Statutes  of  William  of 
Wykehain  —  English  Proverbs          -    387 


No  Tides  in  the  Baltic,  by  T.  J.  Buck- 
ton,  Jtc.      -----    389 

Legend  of  the   Co.  Clare,  by  Francis 
Robert  Daviea      -          -          -          -    390 

David  Liudsay        -          -          -          -    390 

Oriel  -  -  -  -  -  -    391 

The  Noted  Westons,  by  Wm.  Durrant 
Cooper,  &c.  -  ...  392 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  : —  Pedi- 
gree to  the  Time  of  Alfred  —  "  Ems- 
dorff's  Fame  "  —  Louis  de  Beaufort  — 
Genoa  Register  —  Bishop,  Reference 
to  —  Welkin,  Maslin  —  Books  chained 
5n  Churches  _  The  Seven  Senses  _ 
Good  Times  for  Equity  Suitors  —  Sim- 
mels  —  The  Lord  of  Vryhouven's 
Xegacies  —  Brass  in  Boxford  Church 
—  Great  Events  from  little  Causes  — 
Confusion  of  Authors —  Burial  in  un- 
•conseerated  Places  —  Apparent  Mag- 
nitude —  Motto  of  the  Thompsons  of 
Yorkshire  — Somersetshire  Folk  Lore  392 


Notes  on  Books,  &e. 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 

Jiotices  to  Correspondents. 


Multae  terricolis  linguse,  coBlestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LTJ  AND   SONS' 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

T\U     BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

\J  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion.  acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headaches,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body.'tic  douloureux,  faceaehe.  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  ci  ugh,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society ,  unfitness  (or 
itudy,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infi.  nte  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  m-rvnus  and  muscularenergy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1854,  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  fc  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  0/50,000  Cures: 
No.  52,418,  Dr.  Cries,  Magdeburg,  record- 
ing the  cure  of  his  wife  from  pulmonary  con- 
gumption,  with  night  sweats  and  ulcerated 
lungs,  which  had  resisted  all  medicines,  and 
appeared  a  hopeless  case.  No.  52,421 ,  Dr.  Gat- 
tiker.  Zurich  ;  cure  of  cancer  of  the  stomach 
and  fearfully  distressing  vomitirgs,  habitual 
flatulency,  and  colic.  All  'he  above  parlies 
•will  be  happy  to  answer  any  inquiries. 

Cure  No.  52.422  :  —  "  I  have  suffered  these 
thirty-three  years  continually  from  diseased 
lungs,  spitting  of  blood,  liver  derangement, 
deafness,  singing  in  the  ears,  constipation, 
debility,  shortness  of  breath  and  cough  ;  and 
during  that  period  taken  so  much  medicine, 
that  I  can  safely  say  I  have  laid  out  upwards 
of  a  thousand  pounds  with  the  chemists  and 
doctors.  I  have  actually  worn  out  two  medical 
men  during  my  ailments,  without  finding  any 
improvement  in  my  health.  Indeed  I  was  in 
utter  despair,  and  never  expected  to  pet  over 
it,  when  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  become 
acquainted  with  your  Kevalenta  Arabica  ; 
which.  Heaven  be  praised,  restored  me  to  a 
state  of  health  which  I  long  since  despaired  of 
attaining.  My  lungs,  liver,  stomach,  head, 
and  ears,  are  all  light,  my  hearing  perfect,  and 
my  recovery  is  a  marvel  to  all  my  acquaint- 
ances. I  am,  respectfully, 

"Bridgehouse,Frimley,  April  3, 1854." 
No.  42.130.  Major-General  King,  cure  of  ge- 
neral debility  and  nervousness.  No.  32,110. 
Captain  Parker  D.  Bingham,  R.N.,  who  was 
cured  of  twenty-seven  years'  dyspepsia  in  six 
weeks'  time.  Cure  No.  28,416.  WilliaT  Hunt, 
Esq.,  Barristcr-at-Law,  sixty  years'  partis!  pa- 
ralysis. No.  32.  814.  Captain  Allen,  recording 
the  cure  of  a  lady  from  epileptic  fits.  No.  26,419 
The  Rev.  Charles  Kerr.  a  cure  of  functional 
disorders.  No.  24,814.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Min- 
ster, cure  of  five  years' nervousness,  with  spasms 
and  daily  vomitings.  No.  41,617.  Dr.  James 
Shorland,  late  surgeon  in  the  96th  Regiment, 
a  cure  of  dropsy. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  _  lib..  2s. 
9d.;  21b.,  4s.  6d.  ;  Sib.,  11s. :  121b..22s. :  super- 
refined,  lib  .  6«.,;  21b..  11s.  :  5lb,?2s.  ;  lOlb., 
3Ss.  The  lOlb.  and  121b.  carriage  fre«,  <-n  post- 
office  order.  Barry.  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77. 
Regent  Street,  London ;  Fortnnm,  Mason,  & 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
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Just  published. 

PRACTICAL  PHOTOGRA- 
PHY on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
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of  Licht,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BUMEN, WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  \s.  6d. 

Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
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Fleet  Street,  London. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
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Albuminized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
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Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
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The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
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***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
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BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

1  DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists. 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
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Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
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MR.  T.  L.  MERRITT'S  IM- 
PROVED CAMERA,  for  the  CALO- 
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As  neither  Tent,  Covering,  nor  Screen  is 
required,  out-of-door  Practice  is  thus  rendered 
just  as  convenient  and  pleasant  as  when  oper- 
ating in  a  Room. 

Maidstone,  Aug.  21. 1854. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS, 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
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1  ft  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
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Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
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specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
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Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
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123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


WHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 

TT      PHIC     AND      OPTICAL     WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Fed  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depdt  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 

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PENNETT'S       MODEL 

5  >  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
oil  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
t'liineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold- 
Crises.  12.  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
-  <i.  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer.Gold, 
50  •-•uineas  :  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed, and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  'tl.,  31.,  and  4l.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BKNNETT,  Watch, Clock, and  Instrument 
Mal<er  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


377 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  11,  1854. 


WILL    AND    TESTAMENT. 

It  is  a  common  practice  with  professional  men, 
when  they  make  a  will  for  a  client,  to  commence 
with  the  words  "  This  is  the  last  will  and  testa- 
ment," which  words  imply  a  two-fold  character. 
Now,  we  have  often  heard  of  a  distinction  without 
a  difference ;  and,  as  an  exhibition  of  the  distinc- 
tion between  the  will  and  the  testament,  I  send 
you  a  copy  of  the  will  and  testament  of  one  of  the 
Skynner  family,  and,  as  I  presume,  the  grand- 
father of  Sir  Vincent  Skynner,  who  at  one  time 
resided  at  Thornton  College,  in  this  county.  Here 
we  have  the  will  in  two  parts,  the  one  designated 
the  will  and  the  other  the  testament ;  but  it  has 
so  many  other  peculiarities,  that  it  may  well  be 
considered  as  deserving  a  place  in  your  public 
record. 

I  think  I  had  the  will  with  some  papers  from 
an  old  worthy  aunt,  who,  through  the  Weslyds  of 
Grimsby,  was  descended  from  this  Skynner  family ; 
but  whether  Sir  Vincent  was  a  descendant  of  this 
Robert,  I  have  not  yet  positively  ascertained  ;  and 
whether  it  will  so  far  interest  any  of  your  readers 
to  inform  me,  1  know  not,  as  I  have  no  greater 
object  than  the  correction  of  my  pedigree  of  the 
family.  The  technical  distinction  at  the  same 
time,  which  is  here  displayed  between  the  will 
and  the  testament,  may  be  worthy  of  remark. 

"  In  the  Name  of  God,  Amen.  The  Seconde  Day  of 
Januarye,  in  the  yere  of  or  Lord  God  MVCXXXV.  I, 
Robert  Skynner,  of  the  p'she  of  Sainte  John  in  Wyke- 
ford,  in  the  citie  of  Lincoln,  being  hole  in  mynde  and  of 
good  remembrance,  ordeyne  and  make  this  my  testament 
and  last  will  in  the  manner  and  fourme.  followinge  :  First, 
I  bequeath  my  soule  to  Almightye  God  my  Maker,  to 
the  blessed  Virgin  his  mother,  and  to  all  the  holye  com- 
panye  of  hevyn,  my  body  to  be  buryed  w'in  the  p'she 
churche  of  Sainte  John  the  Evangelist  beforesaid.  Also, 
I  bequeath  to  the  high  aulter  there,  for  my  tythes  negli- 
gently forgotten,  xiu/.  Also,  I  bequeath  to  the  Mother 
Church  of  Lincoln,  xii<£  Also,  I  bequeath  to  the  warke 
there  of  our  Lady,  xxd.  Also,  I  bequeath  to  the  howses 
of  the  iiii  orders  of  freres  w*in  the  citie  of  Lincoln  before- 
sayde,  to  every  one  of  them,  iiis.  nnd.  Also,  I  bequeath 
to  Thorpe  Churche,  in  the  Marshe,  where  I  was  borne, 
iiis.  iiiiii.  Also,  I  bequeath  to  Alhallows  Church,  in 
Waynetleete,  where  my  father  lyethe,  iiis.  iiiid.  Also, 
I  bequeathe  to  Sainte  Mary  Churche,  in  Wayneflcte, 
iii*.  iiiirf.  Also,  I  bequeathe  to  Spillisbye  Church,  whore 
my  mother  lyethe,  iiis.  iiiirf.,  of  this  condicon  followinge, 
that  the  said'e  iiii  orders  of  freres,  and  the  juratts  of  the 
iiii  churches  before  naiqvd,  shall  sav  or  singe  dirge  masse 
and  masses  in  their  propre  churches  w'in  the  space  of 
three  duyes  next  after  that  they  be  paid  the  said  my  be- 
quests,Jpr  my  sowle,  my  father  and  mother  sowles,  and 
all  XpeTis  [Christian  persons']  sowles.  Also,  I  bequethe 
to  the  Clarke  Guilde  HI.  on  this  condicon  followinge,  that 
when  ys  rehearsyd  the  names  of  the  brethren  of  the  saide 
guilde  to  saie  for  my  soule  and  all  soules  De  piofuwlis. 
Also,  I  bequethe  to  the  parishe  churche  of  Sainte  John 
Evangelist,  in  Wykeford  beforesayde,  vs.  iiiid.  yerely,  to 


be  taken  of  the  profites  of  the  howse,  the  whiche  I  have 
by  indenture,  scituate  in  the  saide  p'ishe,  of  Master  John 
Hall  of  Grantham,  for  the  space  and  tyme  of  my  lease,  of 
this  condicon,  that  the  churchewardens  of  "the  saide 
churche  shall  cause  dirge  and  v  masses,  wc  one  of  re- 
quiem, to  be  said  and  sunge  w'in  the  said  churche  of 
Sainte  John,  and  xiiiicl.  of  the  saide  bequest  for  bredd ; 
and  also  to  the  clarke,  iiiirf. ;  and  for  candells,  nd. :  as 
long  as  iny  lease  indurythe,  and  the  said  dirge  and 
masses  to  be  done  the  yere  daie  after  my  dep'tinge. 
And  if  it  fortune  the  saide  wardens  lack  of  payment  of 
the  said  yerely  paymente  of  vs.  ii'nd.,  then  I  will  that  they 
enture  of  and  in  the  saide  howse  or  in  any  p'cell  there- 
of, and  thereto  strayne  and  to  hold  w'  them  to  they  be 
fully  paid  of  the  saide  my  bequeste ;  and  if  it  fortune  the 
said  wardens  of  the  saide  churche  lacke  of  the  condicons- 
before  specifyed,  then  I  bequethe  the  said  vs.  iiiid.  unto- 
the  Clarkes  Guild  in  the  manner  and  condicons  before 
named ;  and  if  the  wardens  of  the  said  Clarkes  Guilde  do 
not  observe  the  manner  and  condicons  before  specified, 
then  I  will  ye  said  my  bequest  of  vs.  iiiid.  remayne  to  the- 
discrecon  of  my  executours.  Also,  I  bequeth  to  John 
Skinner,  my  sonne,  xZ.  st.,  my  best  gowne,  my  best  dub- 
lett,  my  jackett  of  chamlett.  Also,  I  bequethe'  to  Eichard 
Skinner,  my  sonne,  x/.  st.,  my  gowne  with  the  fox  furrer 
my  second"  dublett,  and  my  second  jackett.  Also,  I  be- 
queath to  Alexander  Skynner,  my  sonne,  x/.  st.,  and  my 
gowne  lined  with  chamlett,  my  third  dublett,  and  mv 
third  jackett.  Also,  I  bequethe  to  Mary  Skinner,  my 
doughter,  x/.  st.  Also,  I  bequethe  to  Catherync  Skinner, 
my  doughter,  x/.  st.  Also,  I  bequethe  to  Agnes  Skinner, 
my  doughter,  x/.  st.  Also,  I  bequethe  to  Alys  Skinner, 
my  doughter,  xZ.  st.  And  if  it  fortune  that"  any  of  the 
said  my  children  decens,  or  they  be  of  lawful  age  to  oc- 
cupy the  said  my  bequest,  then  I  will  that  the  said  my 
bequest  unto  them  bequethed,  the  one-half  thereof  to  be 
dispoased  in  dedys  of  charity  for  their  soules  and  all 
Xpens,  and  the  other  halfe  of  their  said  bequests  equally 
to  be  divided  amongst  the  other  my  children  then  longer 
livinge  by  even  porcons ;  and  if  it  fortune  that  all  my 
children  deceas  and  dye  before  they  come  to  lawful  age 
(that  God  forbid),  then  I  will  all  the  said  my  bequests 
unto  my  children  to  be  dispoased  in  dedys  of  charitie  and 
good  works;  and  that  then  an  honeste  priste  to  singe  for 
my  soule,  their  soules,  and  all  Xpens  soules,  so  far  as  the 
said  bequests  will  extende.  Also,  I  will  that  a  trentall  of 
masses  be  said  for  my  soule,  my  father  and  mother  soules, 
and  all  Xpeus  soules,  the  day  of  my  buryall.  Also,  I  will 
that  an  honeste  priste  shall  singe  for  my  soule,  my  father 
and  mother  soules,  and  all  Xpens  soules,  that  hath  loste 
helpe  and  standys  moste  nede  w'in  the  p'ishe  church  of 
Sainte  John  Evangelist  beforesayde  the  space  of  one  yere, 
and  he  to  have  for  his  salary  iiii/.  xiiis.  iiiirf.  And"  the 
said  priste  shall  for  that  yere  helpe  to  mayntayne  the 
service  of  God  there  to  the  best  of  his  power;  and  that 
he  be  a  singeing  man,  for  the  mayntaynyne  of  the  said 
service.  Item.  I  will  that  theire  be  gevyn  in  almes, 
where  nede  requireth,  by  the  discrecon  of  myne  execu- 
tours, xx/.  sterlinge.  The  residue  of  all  my  goods  before 
not  bequethed,  my  debts,  legacies,  and  funerall  expenses 
paid  and  fulfilled,  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  Alys  my  wife, 
whome  I  ordeyne  and  make  myne  executrix.  And  I  or- 
deyne and  make  John  Skynner  and  Richard  Skynner,  my 
sonnes,  executors  we  the  said  Alys  my  wife,  they  to  use 
and  dispoase  thereof  as  they  think  best,  so  it  be  to  the 
pleasure  of  God,  the  hcalthe  of  my  soule,  and  all  Xpens 
soules.  Also,  I  ordeyne  and  make  my  brother, .William 
Palfiviyman,  the  sup'visor  of  this  my  testament  and  last 
will,  he  to  informe  the  said  myne  executors  that  the  said 
my  testament  and  last  will  may  be  truly  pYourmed  and 
fulfilled.  And  I  bequeath  the  said  William  Palfrayman, 
for  his  labr  of  the  same,  x/.  sterlinge.  These  beinge  wit- 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


nesses:   William  Palfrayman,  Edward  Dawson,  George 
Harrison,  and  William  Fox,  with  other  moo. 

"  This  is  the  last  will  of  me,  the  said  Robert  Skynner, 
as  concernynge  my  landes  and  t'ents :  First,  I  will  that 
John  Skynner,  my  sone,  shall  have  all  my  landes  and 
tenements,  that  y1  inherytance  w'in  the  towne  and  feldes 
of  Thorpe  and  Wainflete  when  he  comythe  to  lawfull  age 
accustomed  in  that  contrye,  save  and  except  the  thirde 
pte  of  the  said  lands  and  tenements,  the  whiche  I  will  that 
Alys  my  wife  shall  have  durynge  her  life  naturall ;  and 
after  the  deceas  of  the  said  Alys,  I  will  the  said  her  thirde 
pte  remayne  holye  unto  the  said  John  Skynner  my  sonne, 
to  have  to  hyme  and  to  his  heires  of  his  body  begotten  for 
evermore. 

"  Proved  at  Lincoln,  by  Alice  Skynner  and 
John  Skynner,  the  executors,  on  the 
24th  day" of  May,  1536,  before  Roberto 
Holgate,  Mgro  ordine  de  Sempringham, 
et  Johannes  Broxolme,  in  legibus  bac- 
calaurei,  Commissioners,  &c.,  reserving 
the  right  of  Richard  Skynner,  also  an 
executor." 

Arms  of  Skinner  from  Edmondson  (Skynner, 
Thornton  and  Boston,  Lincolnshire)  :  Arg.,  a  lion 
rampant  sa.,  within  an  orb  of  crescents  gu. 
Crest :  On  a  ducat  coronet  arg.,  a  falcon  of  the 
last,  beaked  and  legged,  gu.  WM.  S.  HESLEDEN. 

Barton-upon  Humber. 


CHURCHILL  S    GRAVE. 

As  there  seems  to  have  long  been  more  or  less 
of  a  mystery  in  connexion  with  this  subject,  per- 
haps it  may  be  worth  while  removing  it.*  There 
is  a  monument  to  the  poet  here  in  St.  Mary's 
Church  (not  churchyard)  ;  but  this  is  only  a  ceno- 
taph, although  not  so  stated  in  the  inscription.  It 
contains  a  very  exaggerated  panegyric  of  him  in 
fourteen  verses  (not  however  a  sonnet),  which  is 
anything  but  lucid  in  its  grammar,  and  therefore 
I  will  not  transcribe  it.  In  it  he  is  called  the 
"Great  high  priest  of  all  the  Nine;"  which  is 
rather  an  unfortunate  expression  applied  to 
Churchill, — for  he  was  a  clergyman,  and  gave  up 
his  gown,  and  became  a  most  decided  layman  ;  and 
as  such  went  on  a  visit  to  the  celebrated  Wilkes, 
then  living  in  retirement  at  Boulogne,  where  he 
died.  His  remains  were  brought  over  and  in- 
terred, not  in  St.  Mary's,  but  St.  Martin's  church- 
yard, a  small  deserted  cemetery  in  an  obscure 
lane  behind  the  market.  By  climbing  over  a 
wall  at  the  back  of  St.  Martin's  Academy,  I  found 
the  real  tomb,  with  this  inscription : 

"  1764. 
Here  lie  the  remains  of  the  celebrated 

C.  CHURCHILL. 
'  Life  to  the  last  enjoy'd,  here 
Churchill  lies.'     [Candidate.]" 


Wilkes,  who  sternly  resisted  the  endeavours  of 
some  French  Roman  Catholic  priests  to  get  access 
to  him  in  his  latter  hours,  with  a  view  to  his  con- 
version. A  still  more  celebrated  poet  also  died  at 
Boulogne,  but  his  remains  are  deposited  in  West- 
minster Abbey. 

Churchill,  though  not  having  that  honour,  has 
an  honour  which  perhaps  no  other  poet  ever  had, 
of  having  two  monuments  in  the  same  town,  and 
that  too  a  town  with  which  he  had  no  connexion, 
not  even  the  accidental  one  of  death.  As  I  find 
none  of  these  particulars  in  the  Dover  Guide,  nor 
even  in  the  quarto  history  of  the  town,  I  have 
ventured  to  send  them  to  "N.  &  Q.,"  as  not 
unworthy  of  a  humble  corner. 

CHARLES  DE  LA  FRYME. 

Lord  Warden  Hotel,  Dover. 


The   enjoyment   to    the    last  would    have    been  ! 
perhaps   quite  marred,  but  for  the   firmness   of 

[*  See  "  X.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  123.  234.  334.  ]j 


THE   ENGLISH    TURCOPOLIER    OF    THE    ORDER   OF 
ST.    JOHN    OF    JERUSALEM. 

The  statutes  of  the  Order  clearly  show,  that  in 
the  twelfth  century  the  military  force  was  com- 
posed of  three  ranks ;  as  Raymond  du  Puis,  the 
Master  of  the  sacred  hospital  of  St.  John  of 
Jerusalem,  A.D.  1121,  had  carefully  enrolled  them. 
In  the  first  station  were  placed  those  of  noble  birth, 
who,  by  the  laws  of  chivalry,  were  allowed  to  fight 
on  horseback  ;  in  the  second,  those  who  were  free 
by  birth,  and  fought  on  foot ;  and  lastly,  the 
serving  brothers,  whose  duties  were  told  by  their 
titles. 

Nine  years  after  this  arrangement  had  been 
made  in  the  hospital,  Pope  Innocent  II.  addressed 
a  bull  to  the  archbishops,  bishops,  and  clergy  of 
the  universal  church,  asking  their  assistance  for 
the  Order  of  St.  John  in  the  present  maintenance 
and  future  support  of  a  body  of  foot-soldiers  and 
cavalry,  which  had  been  raised  for  the  protection 
of  the  pilgrims  when  going  to,  or  returning  from, 
the  holy  places  of  their  devotion.*  This  request 
of  the  Roman  Pontiff  met  with  a  ready  response, 
and  the  Hospitallers  soon  became  a  powerful  and 
military  body,  equally  as  ready  to  pray  or  fight,  as 
their  duty  might  call  them. 

The  great  hatred  entertained  by  Almaric,  the 
King  of  Jerusalem,  towards  the  Arabs  and  Sara- 
cens, and  his  hope  to  obtain  possession  of  Egypt, 
induced  him,  A.D.  1168,  to  declare  war  against 
Atabek  Noureddin  Zenghi,  the  ruler  of  that 
kingdom. 

Gilbert  D'Assalit,  the  master  of  the  Hospitallers, 
a  native  of  Tyre,  and  a  man  of  undoubted  bravery, 
greatly  encouraged  the  king,  and  promised  his 
assistance  with  five  hundred  soldiers,  and  as  many 
Turcopoliers  ;  only  asking,  in  return  for  the  ex- 
pense which  he  might  incur,  the  entire  control  of 

*  Addison's  History  of  the  Templars,  p.  63. 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


379 


the  city  of  Belbeis,  and  a  right  to  collect  annually 
from  the  neighbouring  country  a  hundred  thou- 
sand "  Bisanzii."  *  The  result  of  this  Christian 
expedition  is  well  known.  Belbeis,  after  being 
captured  and  sacked,  and  its  inhabitants,  men, 
women,  and  children,  cruelly  slain,  was  passed 
over  to  D'Assalit,  who  within  a  year  was  driven 
out,  and  on  his  return  to  Jerusalem  deposed  by 
the  Order  for  bringing  it  in  debt  to  the  amount  of 
100,000  pieces  of  gold.f  His  ill  fortune  pursued 
him  to  his  death.  After  remaining  in  Palestine 
until  1183,  without  recovering  his  influence  or 
dignity,  he  perished  on  September  19  of  that  year, 
when  crossing  the  Channel  from  Dieppe  to  Eng- 
land.} 

Without  entering  more  at  length  on  the  history 
of  that  period,  I  shall  now  come  to  the  object  I 
have  in  writing  this  note,  by  asking  who  were  the 
Turcopoliers  thus  recorded  as  having  accompanied 
D'Assalit  in  this  expedition  to  Egypt  ?  Gregory 
the  monk  terms  them  men  of  arms  who  were  first 
known  in  the  service  of  the  Greek  emperors,  and 
employed  as  light  infantry  to  protect  their  royal 
persons  and  families  from  the  insults  and  rapacity 
of  the  Arabs  and  Saracens,  Syrians,  Turks, 
Musseluien,  and  assassins,  by  whom  they  were 
surrounded  ;  and  adds  that,  as  the  Kings  of  Jeru- 
salem and  the  masters  of  the  Hospitallers  were 
similarly  situated,  the  latter  enrolled  them  under 
their  standards  for  a  similar  purpose.  §  Guibert 
the  abbot  has  recorded  that  they  were  men  who 
transported  boats  over  the  mountains,  and  bravely 
fought  in  them  when  occasion  required.  Anna 
Comnena  terms  the  Turcopoliers  light  infantry, 
who  served  as  a  body-guard  to  the  reigning  power 
to  protect  merchants  when  travelling  through  the 
country,  or  to  act  as  a  police  for  the  defence  of 
cities  and  their  inhabitants.  |[  William,  Archbishop 
of  Tyre,  a  good  authority,  has  stated  that  they 
were  light  cavalry ;  in  which  opinion  he  is  sus- 
tained by  Addison,  in  his  History  of  the  Templars, 
who  has  written  — 

"  That  the  Tureopilar  was  the  commander  of  a  body  of 
light  horse,  composed  of  natives  of  Syria  and  Palestine, 
the  offspring  frequently  of  Turkish  mothers  and  Christian 
fathers,  brought  up  in  the  religion  of  Christ,  and  retained  in 
the  pay  of  the  Order."  And  adds  "  that  they  were  lightly 
armed,  clothed  in  the  Asiatic  style ;  and  being  tinured  to 
the  climate,  well  acquainted  with  the  country,  and  with 
the  Musselman  mode  of  warfare,  they  were  found  ex- 
tremely serviceable  as  light  cavalry  and  skirmishers,  and 
consequently  always  attached  to  the  war  battalions." 

Castelli  inclines  to  the  belief,  that  the  Turco- 
poles  were  light  cavalry  ;  and  to  establish  the  high 
character  of  the  Turcopolier,  refers  to  Roman 
history.  He  remarks  that  Justius  Lipsius  was  a 


*  Castelli's  Turcopoliere,  p.  7. 

f  Vertot  and  Addison. 

j  Boisgelin's  History  of  the  Order,  p.  xvi. 

§  Ex  Histor.  Belli  Sacri. 

J  Gesta  Dei  per  Francos,  lib.  iii.  cap.  8. 


commander  of  light  horse ;  and  Fabius  Celerius, 
while  enjoying  this  rank,  held  a  dignity  which  in 
a  military  point  of  view  was  second  only  to  that 
of  the  king. 

Boisgelin*,  who  was  a  Maltese  knight,  without 
going  into  the  subject,  simply  remarks,  or,  in  other 
words,  appears  closely  to  have  followed  Padre 
Paulif,  in  his  Diplomatic  Code,  where  he  states  — 

"  That  a  Turcopolier  was  the  concentual  bailiff  of  the 
venerable  language  of  England,  and  took  his  title  from 
being  the  commander  of  the  Turcopoles ;  a  sort  of  light 
horse,  mentioned  in  the  history  of  the  wars  carried  on  by 
the  Christians  in  Palestine." 

In  this  opinion  they  are  sustained  by  the  MS. 
records  of  the  Order,  wherein  we  find  them  fre- 
quently recorded  as  light  cavalry,  and  as  having 
been  employed  in  the  service  of  the  Order  almost 
from  its  first  foundation. 

Raymond,  Roger  Ovvideno,  Villardin,  the 
Count  Pontiere,  and  Osman,  have  written  that  the 
children  of  Turkish  fathers  and  Christian  mothers 
were  called  Turcopoles ;  and  that  they  were  an 
impious  and  infamous  race.j  Du  Cange  makes 
known  in  his  Glossary,  that  Turcopolier  comes 
from  irov\os,  which,  in  Greek,  is  a  child ;  and 
rovpK6-rrov\a  is  therefore  the  child  of  a  Turk :  and 
Nicephorus  has  given  the  same  definition.  The 
learned  Brucardo  differs  again,  by  saying  that 
Turcopolier  means  only  "  Turcas  pellere,"  or  "  ex- 
pellere  ; "  and  the  Maltese  historians,  Abela  and 
Ciantar,  looking  only  to  the  high  dignity  which 
the  Turcopolier  held  in  the  Order,  have  most 
willingly  come  to  the  same  conclusion.  James 
states,  in  his  Military  Dictionary, 

"  That  as  piller,  in  French,  signifies  a  buttress,  we  may 
not  strain  the  interpretation  when  we  say  Turco  pilie'r, 
a  buttress  against  the  Turks ;  in  which  light  the  Order 
of  Malta  was  originally  considered." 

My  learned  Maltese  friend,  Dr.  Vella,  who  may 
be  considered  a  good  authority  in  all  doubtful  mat- 
ters relating  to  the  history  of  the  Hospitallers,  has 
suggested,  that  as  the  title  of  "Pilier"  was  given 
to  the  head  of  each  language  in  the  convent,  Tur- 
copolier might  express  the  chief  of  the  mixed  race 
in  its  service,  to  which  we  have  already  referred. 

In  the  face  of  so  many  conflicting  statements 
and  contradictory  authorities,  it  is  difficult  now  to 
decide  who  the  Turcopoles  really  were,  or  what 
their  duties  may  have  been  when  the  Order  of 
St.  John  was  first  established. 

Spelmano  has  laboured  to  prove  that  the  Tur- 
copoliers were  only  interpreters  to  the  Order ; 
and  Pauli  has  written,  that  they  were  natives  of 
Greece  and  Palestine,  who,  being  unable  to  speak 
any  of  the  western  languages,  were  of  little  or  no 
service  until  the  Grand  Master  nominated  one  of 

*  Boisgelin's  Ancient  and  Modern  Malta,  VoL  i.  p.  ix. 
f  Pauli's  Diplomatic  Code. 
j  Castelli's  Turcopoliere,  p.  10. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


his  knights,  a  clever  linguist,  to  be  their  com- 
mander. In  a  diploma  of  the  Hospitallers  under 
date  of  1180,  we  observe  for  the  first  time  that 
twelve  Turcopoles  are  expressly  named  after  the 
priests  and  military  knights  ;  and  it  is  from  this 
classification  Mabillon  and  Maurini  have  written, 
in  their  diplomatic  works,  that  this  was  .their 
respective  rank.  Having  referred  to  the  ancient 
manuscript  records  of  the  Order  now  existing,  we 
find  that  a  general  chapter,  held  by  the  Grand 
Master,  Alphonso  of  Portugal,  in  1205,  a  Tur- 
copole  is  thus  mentioned ;  that  when  the  Grand 
Master  rode  out  he  should  be  attended  by  four 
horsemen,  a  serving  brother  with  two,  as  also  a 
clerk,  steward,  and  one  Turcopole  or  more,  as  might 
be  required.  Then  again,  in  a  diploma  of  1247 
are  to  be  seen  the  signatures  of  the  marshal,  the 
prior  of  the  church,  of  the  Castellans  of  Crato  and 
Margatto,  the  treasurer,  standard-bearer  of  several 
grand  crosses,  and  simple  brethren ;  and  among 
the  last  comes  the  name  of  Peter  de  Sardines, 
Turcopolier  of  the  Order.  A  question  has  there- 
fore arisen,  among  different  writers,  if,  at  this 
early  period,  public  records  were  signed  according 
to  the  official  rank  of  those  who  affixed  their 
signatures.  If  such  were  the  case,  the  above 
document  would  prove,  without  a  doubt,  that  a 
Turcopolier  did  not  enjoy  a  high  dignity,  he 
following  those  who  were  only  simple  knights. 
But  after  looking  at  a  copy  of  the  original  docu- 
ment published  in  Padre  Pauli's  Diplomatic  Code, 
we  are  by  no  means  satisfied  that  any  regular 
order  was  observed  in  1247,  when  public  acts 
were  legalised  by  the  signatures  of  those  who  were 
present  at  the  time  the  same  were  decreed.  The 
argument  adduced  by  Maurini,  to  show  that  the 
Turcopolier  held  no  important  rank  from  signing 
below  so  many  other  Hospitallers,  cannot  be  sus- 
tained :  as,  in  this  very  document,  to  which  he 
refers  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  his  state- 
ment, the  name  of  a  simple  brother,  who  held  no 
office,  is  placed  before  that  of  the  Grand  Prior  of 
the  principal  church,  whose  high  rank,  and  pre- 
eminence after  the  Grand  Master  and  bishop,  has 
always  been  acknowledged. 

It  is  very  possible  that  the  knights  of  noble 
birth  took  precedence  of  each  other  according  to 
their  dates  of  nobility,  as  also  of  those  who  were 
of  plebeian  origin  ;  and  in  this  way  can  only  be 
explained  their  inattention  to  local  rank,  when 
called  upon  in  the  general  chapters  to  legalise 
their  common  concentual  laws. 

Not  wishing  to  occupy  more  space  in  "  N.  &  Q.," 
I  would  simply  remark,  that  for  the  above  his- 
torical references  I  am  in  a  measure  indebted  to 
a  publication  which  appeared  at  Palermo  in  1788, 
bearing  the  following  title  :  Memorie  Storiche  su 
la  Dignita,  e  la  Preminenze  del  Turcopoliere, 
Sfc.  Sec.,  by  Fra  Vincenzo  Castelli,  who  was  a 
Knight  of  Malta.  Since  referring  to  this  work,  I 


have  seen  a  French  manuscript  in  the  Record 
Office,  which  evidently  appears  to  be  the  original 
of  Castelli's  publication,  and  taken  without  the 
least  acknowledgment.  And  now,  in  closing  this 
Note,  I  would  only  add,  that  I  shall  be  much 
obliged  to  any  of  your  correspondents  who  can 
furnish  me  with  more  certain  information  respect- 
ing the  Turcopoles,  and  their  commander  the 
Turcopolier,  or  Turcopilier,  as  some  writers  have 
recorded  it.  I  am  also  desirous  of  knowing  at  what 
precise  period,  and  for  what  reason,  it  became  a 
dignity  solely  attached  to  the  English  tongue  of 
the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem. 

WILLIAM  WINTHBOP. 
Malta. 


NICHOLAS,    EMPEEOR    OF    RUSSIA,    AND    THE    LATE 
KING    OF    PRUSSIA. 

It  has  been  said  in  a  work  of  some  authority 
(Die  Gegenwart,  Band  2,  Leipzig,  1849),  that  the 
late  King  of  Prussia,  who  was  strongly  attached 
to  the  Evangelical  Reformed  Church,  would  very 
probably  never  have  given  his  consent  to  the 
marriage  of  his  daughter  with  a  Russian  prince, 
if  he  had  not  entertained  the  idea  of  the  possi- 
bility of  that  prince  ascending  the  Russian  throne 
at  some  future  day.  Before  the  marriage  could 
take  place,  it  was  necessary  that  the  princess 
should  become  a  member  of  the  Greek  Church. 
It  is  hinted  that  a  plan  was  at  the  time  concerted, 
according  to  which  Nicholas  was  to  ascend  the 
throne  instead  of  his  elder  brother  Constantine ; 
although  the  writer  in  Die  Gegenwart  says,  there 
is  no  existing  evidence  to  prove  that  any  actual 
preparations  were  made  for  carrying  out  such  a 
project  before  the  year  1823.  It  is  however 
remarkable,  that  this  plan,  which  was  intended  to 
be  kept  the  profoundest  secret  in  the  family  until 
the  moment  of  its  accomplishment,  was  allowed  to 
give  some  early  evidence  of  its  parentage  by  the 
announcement,  in  a  genealogical  almanac  pub- 
lished at  Frankfort  on  the  Oder,  in  the  autumn  of 
1824,  that  the  Grand  Duke  Nicholas  was  the 
"  successor  to  the  crown."  The  almanac  was 
published  under  the  Prussian  censorship.  The 
Emperor  Alexander  died  at  Taganrog  in  1825. 

The  writer  in  Die  Gegenwart  goes  on  to  say, 
that  the  idea  of  Nicholas  being  the  best  fitted 
among  the  Russian  princes  to  succeed  his  brother, 
in  the  event  of  his  death,  was  no  doubt  strength- 
ened, if  existing  at  a  previous  period,  in  the  minds 
of  Alexander  and  Frederick  William,  during  their 
visit  to  France,  by  their  observing  the  spirit  and 
views  developed  among  the  Russian  troops — the 
support  of  the  Imperial  throne  from  their  inter- 
course with  the  French  —  a  spirit  which,  under 
the  anticipated  despotic  rule  of  Constantine,  might 
lead  to  the  overthrow  of  the  state ;  but  that  the 
more  outwardly  conciliatory,  although  in  reality 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


381 


far  stronger  measures  of  Nicholas,  would  confirm 
and  uphold  it.  The  writer  concludes  by  saying 
that  — 

"  If  Nicholas  had  governed  in  the  manner  intended  by 
Alexander  at  the  commencement  of  his  reign,  the  reforms 
contemplated  in  Europe  would  have  been  already  ter- 
minated without  a  revolution.  Who  shall  write  the  in- 
scription on  the  grave  of  the  Czar  Nicholas  I.,  the  son  of 
Paul?" 

J.  MACKAT. 
Oxford. 


HOSPITAL    OF    ST.  CROSS. 

f  (Vol.x.,  p.  183.) 

THE   INSECURITY    OF   HUMAN    INSTITUTIONS    FROM   PER- 
VERSION"  (EVEN   WHEN   FOUNDED  ON  THE  BASIS  OF 

RELIGION  AND   FOR  THE   BEST  OF   PURPOSES),  IN   THE 
ABSENCE   OF  THE  WATCHFUL  GUARDIANSHIP   OF  THE 

PRESS. 

As  before  noticed,  the  Hospital  of  St.  Cross  was 
refounded  by  Henry  de  Blois,  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, and  brother  of  King  Stephen  ;  so  firmly 
as  he  hoped  that  it  should  not  be  shaken  by  any 
lapse  of  time,  and  where  the  sick  poor  in  Christ 
might  be  decently  supported  and  enabled  to 
humbly  and  devoutly  serve  God. 

In  his  charter,  the  bishop  continues  : 

"  We  farther  enjoin  you  compassionately  to  impart 
other  assistance  according  to  the  means  of  the  house  to 
the  needy  of  every  description.  .  .  .  And  if  any  person 
hereafter  shall  take  upon  himself  to  appropriate  or  di- 
minish the  rents,  or  to  disturb  or  deteriorate  the  statutes 
and  customs  of  the  house  ...  let  him  incur  the 
anger  of  Almighty  GOD,  and  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
and  all  good  men,  unless  he  shall  study  to  amend  his 
faults  by  fitting  satisfaction.  But  to  you  and  your  suc- 
cessors, while  you  preserve  our  constitutions  without 
breach,  may  there  be  peace  and  mercv  from  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ." 

This  was  written  about  1157. 

Six  hundred  and  ninety-six  years  afterwards, 
the  vicissitudes  which  had  befallen  this  hospital, 
and  the  many  irregularities  which  had  crept  into 
its  management,  were  brought  under  the  notice  of 
the  Court  of  Chancery  for  reformation.  On  that 
occasion  Sir  John  Romilly,  the  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  feelingly  remarked  : 

"  The  records  of  the  events  attending  this  charity  are 
interesting  as  displaying  the  natural  tendency  to  decay 
and  perversion  which  affects  all  institutions  of  this  de- 
scription, but  more  strikingly  in  the  present  case  than  in 
most  of  those  which  I  can  call  to  mind.  ...  In  1372, 
two  hundred  years  after  the  charity  was  established,  the 
master  endeavoured  to  convert  it  to  his  own  use,  and  failed. 
In  1576,  two  hundred  years  later,  the  master  again  at- 
tempted the  same  course,  and  was  defeated  by  the  statute 
18th  Eliz.  One  hundred  and  twenty  years  afterwards 
the  master  again  attempted  the  same  course  with  greater 
success  than  had  attended  the  previous  attempts,  and 
succeeded  in  diverting  the  charity  from  its  legitimate 
purposes  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  years. 

"  1  shall  endeavour  to  make  a  decree  which  shall  plainly, 
but  not  more  plainly  than  has  been  done,  state  the 


charitable  nature  of  the  foundation ;  but  looking  at  the 
pertinacious  attempts  so  often  repeated,  and  apparently 
with  increasing  success,  I  cannot  but  foresee  the  proba- 
bility that  some  century  or  two  hence  my  decree  may  be 
produced  and  become,  the  subject  of  comment  also,  in  the 
endeavour  to  defeat  the  attempt  by  the  superintendent  of 
this  charity  to  pervert  its  revenues  to  his  own  use."  — 
Law  Journal,  1853 ;  "  Chancery  Cases,"  793 — 809. 

It  might  naturally  be  asked,  how  could  such 
things  happen  or  be  permitted  ?  The  answer 
is,  partly  from  wickedness,  but  chiefly  from 
ignorance  ;  there  were  no  "  N.  &  Q."  in  those 
days.  In  1157  not  one  person  in  a  hundred 
thousand  could  read.  The  bishop's  registrar  was 
almost  the  only  one  that  knew  where  the  charter 
was  lodged ;  and  of  those  that  cared  about  the 
hospital  or  its  welfare,  scarcely  one  possessed  the 
means  of  pursuing  an  inquiry  for  information. 
How  very  few  persons  of  the  present  enlightened 
times  can  tell  where  to  search  for  a  bull  of  Pope 
Clement  XL,  or  the  proceedings  of  a  commission 
that  sat  in  1372,  or  know  the  contents  of  a  private 
act  of  parliament  passed  in  1575,  but  never 
printed.  Yet  all  these,  and  many  more  important 
documents  relating  to  this  valuable  charity,  are 
preserved  ;  and  if  their  contents  had  been  printed, 
the  grievances  complained  of  by  the  Master  of 
the  Rolls  would  not  so  frequently  have  hap- 
pened. 

If  future  Masters  of  the  Hospital,  local  his- 
torians, and  antiquaries,  will  consult  the  columns 
of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  they  will  discover  that  if  the 
original  charter  is  lost,  a  copy  of  it  is  registered 
in  the  register  of  John  de  Stratford,  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester  from  1323  to  1333  ;  and  in  the  index 
to  the  registers  of  the  bishopric,  which  commence 
about  1200,  a  reference  to  "The  Charter  of 
Foundation  of  St.  Cross  "  occurs  under  the  date 
of  the  same  bishop;  —  that  although  Dugdale, 
Tanner,  Lowth,  Milner,  and  others,  have  given 
able  descriptions  of  the  hospital,  which  can  be 
readily  found  in  the  works  of  those  writers,  by 
far  the  fullest  and  best  account  of  the  history, 
estates,  property,  charter,  and  mismanagement  of 
the  House  of  St.  Cross,  is  in  the  thirty-first 
printed  report  of  the  commissioners  for  inquiring 
concerning  charities,  and  published  in  1837,  a 
copy  of  which  is  lodged  in  each  of  the  principal 
public  libraries  in  the  United  Kingdom. 

They  will  also  learn  with  satisfaction  that  on 
the  31st  July,  1849,  the  Queen  of  England  as- 
sured the  House  of  Commons,  — 

"  That  her  Majesty  had  given  directions  that  the  ne- 
cessary steps  should  be  taken  by  the  Attorney- General  to 
place  the  Hospital  of  St.  Cross  on  such  a  footing  as  may 
secure  the  greatest  benefit  to  the  public  consistent  with. 
its  original  design." 

This  assurance  was  succeeded  by  an  investigation 
in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  and  followed  by  the 
judgment  of  the  Master  -of  the  Rolls  in  August, 
1853,  as  before  alluded  to. 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  263. 


The  future  upholding  and  preservation  of  this 
institution,  in  the  intended  excellence  of  the 
founder,  therefore  demands  our  instant,  earnest, 
and  active  solicitude.  I  venture  to  suggest  to 
his  Honor  the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  to  put  in 
operation  the  best  and  most  effectual  auxiliary 
and  guard  the  charity  can  have,  the  PRESS.  I 
humbly  submit  that  he  should  order  the  act 
18  Elizabeth,  the  report  of  the  commissioners, 
his  own  judgment  and  decree,  to  be  printed  in  a 
cheap  and  convenient  pocket  size,  12mo.  or  8vo., 
for  easy  reference,  and  copies  placed  in  the  ca- 
thedral and  college  libraries,  in  the  Guildhall,  and 
in  all  the  parish  churches  of  Winchester.  Copies 
should  be  supplied  also  to  the  clerks  of  the  peace 
for  the  counties  of  Hants,  Wilts,  Surrey,  and 
Sussex  ;  to  the  libraries  of  the  cathedral  churches 
of  Salisbury  and  Chichester,  and  to  the  town-halls 
of  those  places,  and  of  Southampton,  Romsey, 
Andover,  and  Portsmouth;  one  given  to  every 
brother  on  his  admission,  and  one  sent  to  each  of 
the  public  libraries  in  the  kingdom ;  —  that  the 
requirements  of  the  Charitable  Trusts  Act  should 
be  insisted  on,  and  the  annual  accounts  made  up 
and  published  in  the  local  newspapers,  and  in 
some  of  the  metropolitan  journals. 

The  expense  to  the  hospital  for  printing  would 
be  a  mere  trifle  out  of  an  income  of  near  16,000/. 
a  year,  reported  to  be  the  annual  value  of  the 
estates  and  tithes  belonging  to  it ;  the  great  good 
to  be  produced  by  the  publicity  will  be  to  give 
effect  to  the  decree,  and  by  the  dread  of  exposure 
prevent  a  recurrence  of,  and  put  an  end  to,  the 
system  of  mismanagement  hitherto  so  frequently 
and  loudly  complained  of.  The  charity  may  then 
be  safely  left  to  the  watchful  vigilance  of  the 
public  and  the  press.  And  in  the  320th  volume 
of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  p.  4503.,  the  readers  will  be  con- 
gratulated that  the  apprehensions  of  the  Master 
of  the  Rolls  in  1853,  as  to  the  anticipated  per- 
versions and  violations  of  the  trust,  had  not  been 
realised,  and  that  all  had  been,  and  then  was, 
going  on  prosperously  and  satisfactorily. 

HENRY  EDWARDS. 


PURITAN  SIMILES. 

I  crave  space  for  the  following  choice  ideas, 
culled  from  sermons  and  treatises  of  the  Common- 
wealth Puritans,  none  of  which  occur  in  Cawdrey's 
Treasure  House.  I  jot  them  down  with  a  simple 
reference : 

1.  "  Indeed  there  is  an  ignorance  that  is  no  better  than 
a  dancing-roome  for  the  satyre." —  Sydenham's    Serm., 
1637,  p.  198. 

2.  "  Our  Church   is  full  crammed  with  Pastours,  our 
Pastours  with  the  Worde,  and  our  Congregations  with 
both,  and  our  Parloures  sometimes  with  all  three." — Ibid., 
p.  223. 

3.  "That  hande  is  vnshapen  and  little  better  than 


monstrous,  where  all  the  fingers  are  the  same  length."  — 
Ibid.,  p.  295.  (Touching  the  Degrees  of  Church  Ministry.') 

4.  "  Between  a  toad  under  a  sill,  and  the  sunne  in  the 
firmament."  —  Baxter's  Saints'  Rest,  1649,  p.  270. 

5.  "  When  God  will,  he  takes  up  whom  He  will  amongst 
the  wicked  and  trusseth  him  up  so  or  so,  quarters  him, 
and  hangs  up  his  quarters ;  setts  him  up  as  a  mark,  and 
shoots  him  clean  thorow." — Lockyer's  England  Watched, 
1646,  p.  308. 

6.  "  Malice  should  be  looked  on  as  an  implacable  thing, 
and  the  men  in  whose  breasts  it  is,  as  fire  shovels  fetched 
from  Hell."— Ibid.,  p.  402. 

7.  "  Vindiction  of  Conscience  !  ah,  what  a  thing  'tis ; 
'tis  a  granado  shot  into  the  house  in  the  night,  when  all 
are  abed  and  asleep :  which  awakens,  breakes  open,  teares 
open  windows,  doores,  eyes,  and  bowels,  and  fetches  the 
sleeper  oute  piecemeal." — Ibid.,  p.  499. 

8.  "  As  all  the  beastes  tremble  when  the  lion  roreth, 
soe  let  all  men  harken  when  God  teacheth." — Smith's 
Serm.,  1622,  p.  311. 

9.  "  But  if  they  bee  vsed  as  beautifull  baites  to  couer  a 
barbed  hooke,  I  will  there  lay  a  strawe,  and  reject  them." 
—  Frewen's  Serm.,  1612,  c.  4. 

10.  "  They  returned  home  with  the  same  sinnes  they 
carried  away ;  like  new  moones,  they  had  a  new  face  and 
appearance,  but  the  same  spots  remained  still."  —  Stilling- 
fleet's  Serm.,  1666,  p.  9. 

11.  "Hell  paved  with  skulls  of  children." — Watson's 
Art  of  Contentment,  1653,  p.  27. 

12.  "  His  house  made-  an  habitation  for  Zim  and  Jim, 
and  every  unclean  thing." —  Godly  Man's  Portion,  1663,. 
p.  129. 

Who,  or  what,  were  "  Zim,  and  Jim  f  " 

13.  "  A  covenant  with  them  is  like  a  loose  collar  aboute 
an  ape's  neck,  which  they  can  put  off  and  on  at  pleasure," 
— Calamy's  Serm.,  p.  27. ;  Gibson's  Serm.,  1645,  p.  22. 

R.  C.  WARDE. 

Kidderminster. 

(To  be  continued.) 


&attsi. 

A  Boscobel  Box.  —  Before  me  is  a  snuff-box 
made  from  the  original  *  Boscobel  Oak,  which  box 
has  been  in  the  family  of  the  present  possessor  for 
many  generations.  It  is  a  very  handsome  oval  box, 
massively  mounted  in  silver,  and  of  large  size. 
The  outer  lid  is  inlaid  with  silver,  on  which  is 
engraved  a  representation  of  King  Charles  in  the 
oak.  The  figure  of  the  king  is  a  half-length, 
dressed  in  his  usual  royal  attire,  and  flowing 
periwig  in  place  of  the  short-cropped  hair  and 
peasant's  dress  which,  he  wore  on  the  occasion. 
The  loyal  engraver  has  represented  the  monarch 
to  be  of  such  Brobdignagian  dimensions,  that  the 
absence  of  his  legs  can  only  he  accounted  for  on 
the  supposition  that  they  are  concealed  by  the 
trunk  of  the  tree.  Nevertheless,  the  king,  like 
Mark  Tapley,  has  resolved  "  to  be  jolly  under 
creditable  circumstances,"  and  is  smiling  at  his 
personal  discomforts.  To  console  him,  a  winged 
genius  appears  in  the  tree ;  and  offers  him,  what 

*  The  present  oak  is  only  a  scion  of  Charles's  oak. 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


383 


appear  to  be,  on  first  inspection,  three  pork  pies, 
but  which,  on  closer  scrutiny,  are  discovered  to  be 
three  crowns  :  the  crowns,  I  presume,  of  the  three 
kingdoms.  Beneath  the  tree  (and  of  the  proper 
relative  proportions)  are  two  mounted  troopers 
with  their  swords  drawn,  and  their  horses  gallop- 
ing. At  the  foot  of  the  tree  is  a  scroll,  having 

this  motto : 

"ITSA  jovi  NEMUS." 

The  late  Dr.  Jones,  of  Kidderminster,  gave 
these  versions  of  the  motto  : 

"  Carolus  loquitur :  — 

This  sacred  tree  of  might}'  Jove, 
Has  been  to  me  a  shady  grove. 
"Or, 

Jove's  sacred  tree, 
Hath  shaded  me. 

"  Arbor  loquitur  :  — 

In  me  behold  a  mighty  grove, 
The  sacred  royal  tree  of  Jove. 
"Or, 

I,  sacred  to  Jove, 
Myself  am  a  grove." 

COTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

Jury. — The  legal  and  original  establishment  of 
the  jury  is  generally  derived  from  the  twenty- 
ninth  chapter  of  the  Magna  Charta,  where  the 
words  "  per  legale  judicium  parium  suorum  vel 
per  legem  terras "  are  thought  to  have  reference 
to  the  goods  and  persons  of  all  freemen,  who  are 
not  to  be  deprived  of  either  without  the  judgment 
of  their  peers,  or  the  laws  of  the  land.  But  these 
words  greatly  resemble  those  by  which  Emperor 
Conrad  II.  had,  two  centuries  previously,  gua- 
ranteed to  his  Italian  inferior  vassals  the  per- 
manent possession  of  their  fiefs  or  benefices.  The 
words  there  used  are,  "Nemo  beneficium  suum 
perdat  nisi  secundum  consuetudinem  antecesso- 
rum  nostrorum  et  per  judicium  parium  suorum" 
(LL.  Longdb.,  L.  HI.  Tit.  m.  i.  4.).  Now,  as  it  is 
•well  known  that  throughout  the  whole  of  that 
period  the  vassals  were  incessantly  struggling  for 
independence,  and  that  it  was  the  vassals  or  barons 
who  enforced  from  King  John  the  Magna  Charta, 
it  is  not  improbable  that  the  above  words  in  the 
Magna  Charta  may  have  reference  to  the  irrevo- 
cableness  of  their  granted  fiefs  rather  than  any- 
thing else.  DR.  MICHELSEN. 

Sale  of  Enemies.  —  The  following  extract  has 
been  taken  from  the  original  enrolment  appearing 
upon  the  Memoranda  Roll  of  the  Irish  Exchequer 
(20  Hen.  VI.,  membrane  9  dorso). 

"  Henry,  &c.,  to  all  to  whom,  &c.  Know  ye  that  for 
twenty  shillings,  which  John  Fitz  Henry,  of  Dublin,  has 
paid  to  us  at  the  receipt  of  our  Exchequer  of  Ireland,  we 
have  granted  and  sold  to  the  same  John,  Iseyll  Odurnyn, 
our  Irish  enemy,  together  with  the  redemption  of  the 
aforesaid  Neyll,  who  was  taken  by  Sir  John  Dartas, 
Kaight,  and  was  put  in  the  custody  of  our  Castle  of 


Dublin  by  the  said  John,  there  to  remain  for  his  redemp  - 
tion,  to  be  therein  made  to  the  said  John  Dartas,  being 
our  debtor,  for  the  which  debts  all  the  goods  and  chattels 
of  the  aforesaid  John  Dartas,  for  the  debts  and  accounts 
in  which  he  is  bound  to  us  at  our  Exchequer  of  Ireland, 
are  taken  and  seized  by  the  Barons  of  our  Exchequer 
aforesaid  into  our  hand,  &c. ;  to  have  and  to  hold  to  the 
said  John  Fitz  Henry  and  his  assigns  the  said  Neyll  as  is 
aforesaid,  in  exoneration  of  the  debts  and  accounts  of  the 
aforesaid  John  Dartas,  without  anything  to  be  rendered 
or  paid  to  us,  &c.,  beyond  the  said  twenty  shillings. 
Dated  8th  May,  20  Henry  VI." 

The  foregoing  grant  is  followed  by  the  enrol- 
ment of  a  memorandum,  that  on  the  same  day  on 
which  the  grant  was  made  the  barons  of  the  Ex- 
chequer directed  Hugh  Gallyan,  the  deputy  of 
Giles  Thorndon,  Esq.,  the  constable  of  Dublin 
Castle,  to  deliver  the  said  Neyll  Odurnyn  to  Mr. 
Fitz  Henry,  and  that  on  the  said  8th  day  of  May 
he  was  delivered  to  him,  in  compliance  with  that 
direction. 

At  this  time,  when  difficulties  appear  to  have 
arisen  as  to  the  proper  mode  of  disposing  of  the 
Queen's  enemies  captured  during  the  present  war, 
the  foregoing  precedent  might  be  taken  into  con- 
sideration. For  my  own  part,  however,  I  may  be 
permitted  to  observe,  that  I  trust  the  British 
public,  in  whatever  course  they  may  adopt,  will 
continue  to  bear  in  mind  the  divine  command  to 
"  love  your  enemies."  J.  F.  F. 

Dublin. 

Signs  of  Storm.  —  Among  the  many  true  or 
supposed  indications  of  weather  changes,  the  lunar 
phenomenon  sometimes  observed  of  a  double  ap- 
pearance was  regarded  as  a  sign  of  approaching 
storm.  Thus  speaks  and  is  answered  Sir  Patrick 
Spence,  in  the  old  ballad  : 

"  Mak'  haste,  mak'  haste,  my  merrie  men  all, 

Our  gude  ship  sails  the  morn ; 
Oh,  say  not  so,  my  master  dear, 

For  I  fear  a  deadly  storm. 
"  Late,  late  yestreen  I  saw  the  new  moon 

With  the  old  moon  in  her  arm, 

And  I  fear,  I  fear,  my  master  clear, 

That  we  may  come  to  harm." 

This  appearance  is  also  beautifully  described  by 

Shelley : 

"  Like  the  young  moon, 
When  on  the  sunlit  limits  of  the  night 
Her  white  shell  trembles  amid  crimson  air, 
And  whilst  the  sleeping  tempest  gathers  might, 
Doth,  as  the  herald  of  its  coming,  bear 
The  ghost  of  its  dead  mother,  whose  dim  form 
Bends  in  dark  ether  from  her  infant's  chair." 

And  in  a  ballad  by  Longfellow  is  the  following  : 

"  Then  up  and  spake  an  old  sailor, 
Had  sail'd  the  Spanish  Main, 
'  I  pray  thee,  put  into  yonder  port, 

For  I  fear  a  hurricane. 
" '  Last  night  the  moon  had  a  golden  ring, 

And  to-night  no  moon  we  see  ' — 
The  skipper  he  blew  a  whiff  from  his  pipe, 
And  a  scornful  laugh  laugh'd  he." 


384 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  263. 


If  you  think  the  above  worthy,  perhaps  you 
may  find  a  nook  for  it  in  "  N.  &  Q." 

J.  ALLINGHAM,  Jun. 
Dublin. 

Queen  Anne's  Farthing. — I  may  perhaps  be 
allowed  to  store  in  "  N.  &  Q."  the  substance  of  a 
letter  on  this  subject  from  Mr.  H.  G.  Fothergile, 
Rector,  I  presume,  of  Belton,  to  the  Illustrated 
London  News  of  Oct.  7.  That  gentleman  states 
that  three  only  were  struck  from  the  original  die, 
on  account  of  a  flaw  being  discovered  near  the 
bridge  of  the  nose  in  the  figure.  One  of  these,  he 
adds,  is  at  present  in  the  possession  of  Major 
Fothergile,  the  other  two  being  in  the  British 
Museum.  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

National  Character  illustrated  by  Proverbs. — As 
English  and  French  fleets  and  armies  are  now 
paired,  it  may  be  permitted  to  send  out  a  pair  of 
proverbs,  one  of  each  nation,  to  raise  the  laugh 
against  both : 

English.     "  Civility  costs  nothing." 
French.    "  On  attrape  plus  de  mouches  avec  du  miel 
qu'avec  du  vinaigre." 

The  Englishman,  in  three  words,  half  tells  you  he 
wants  something  for  nothing.  The  Frenchman,  in 
twelve,  tells  you  he  means  to  take  you  in.  Russ. 

Biographical  Error. — Geo.  Abbott  the  Puritan, 
author  of  the  Paraphrase  on  the  Books  of  Job  and 
Psalms,  is  described  in  Aikin's,  Watkins's,  Maun- 
der's,  and  other  biographical  dictionaries,  as  the 
son  of  Sir  Maurice  Abbott,  Knt.,  Lord  Mayor  of 
London,  and  brother  to  the  archbishop  ;  whereas, 
after  much  research,  I  cannot  discover  that  the 
said  Geo.  Abbott  was  in  any  manner  related  to 
the  archbishop's  family,  but  was  either  the  son  or 
grandson  of  a  Sir  Thos.  Abbott,  Knt.,  of  Easington, 
Yorkshire,  who  intermarried  with  the  ancient 
family  of  Pickering.  (See  Proceedings  in  Chan- 
cery, temp.  Elizabeth.) 

There  is  an  interesting  account  in  Dugdale's 
Warwickshire  of  the  above  Geo.  Abbott ;  he  mar- 
ried a  daughter  of  Col.  Purefoy,  and  bravely 
defended  his  father-in-law's  manor-house  at  Calde- 
cote,  Warwickshire,  against  the  — 

"  Fierce  and  furious  attack  of  Prince  Rupert  and  Maurice 
with  eighteen  troops  of  horse  and  dragoners,  having  onlv 
eight  men,  beside  his  mother  and  her  maids,  for  his  gar- 
rison. Prince  Rupert  behaved  most  honourably  in  the 
matter." 

He  was  M.  P.  during  the  Long  Parliament  for 
Tamworth  ;  he  died  in  1648,  and  was  buried  in 
Caldecote  Church,  where  there  is  a  handsome 
monument  to  his  memory  :  arms  thereon,  Abbott, 
the  chev.  ermine,  quartering  Pickering. 

The  real  Geo.  Abbott,  son  of  Sir  Maurice,  was 
of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  B.C.L.,  and  was  also 
a  member  of  the  Long  Parliament,  but  for  Guild- 
ford.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  and  co-heiress 


to  Sir  John  Windham,  and  died  at  Salamanca  in 
1645. 

Any  information  about  the  above  Sir  T     mas 
Abbott  will  be  acceptable.     JOHN  THOS.  ABBOTT. 

Darlington. 


PALEAEIO'S   TREATISE. 

As  I  am  engaged  in  reprinting,  in  perfect  fac- 
simile, the  Italian  edition  of  Paleario's  treatise  on 
The  Benefits  of  Christ,  Venet.  1543,  together  with 
an  ancient  French  version,  1552,  and  an  unedited 
English  version,  1548,  all  of  which  are  contained 
in  Cambridge  libraries,  although  Mr.  Macaulay 
imagined  that  the  book  was  "  as  hopelessly  lost  as 
the  second  decade  of  Livy  "  (Edinb.  Rev.,  Oct. 
1840),  I  may  perhaps  venture  to  ask  for  informa- 
tion on  one  or  two  points,  respecting  which  I  have 
not  obtained  that  certainty  or  exactitude  which  I 
could  desire. 

I  hope  to  prove  against  Ranke  that  Aonio  Pa- 
leario  is  the  author  of  the  treatise,  by  a  comparison 
of  it  with  the  well-known  passage  in  his  Oration, 
in  his  own  defence,  to  the  Senators  of  Sienna, 
which  seems  to  me  tolerably  conclusive  ;  although 
I  should  be  very  glad  to  be  informed  if  any  other 
ancient  evidence,  tending  to  show  that  he  is  the 
author,  is  in  existence.  (Little  stress  can  be  laid 
on  his  final  examination  before  the  inquisitors.) 
There  is,  however,  one  very  material  point  about 
which  I  am  a  little  doubtful,  and  that  is  the  date 
of  the  first  edition  of  Paleario,  and  that  of  the 
Oration  to  the  Senators ;  for  if  it  can  be  shown 
conclusively  that  the  treatise  and  the  oration 
belong  to  different  years,  it  is  certain  that  Paleario 
is  not  the  author  of  the  treatise :  conversely,  if  it 
can  be  demonstrated  that  they  belong  to  the  same 
year,  there  arises  a  very  strong  presumption, 
almost  amounting  to  certainty  (other  considera- 
tions being  taken  into  account),  that  it  belongs  to 
no  other  person  than  Paleario. 

Ranke  says  that  "  About  the  year  1540  a  little 
book,  On  the  Benefits  bestowed  by  Christ,  was  put 
in  circulation."  (Hist,  of  the  Popes,  book  ii.)  If 
any  more  close  approximation  can  be  obtained,  I 
should  be  very  glad  to  be  informed  of  it.  The 
copy  of  the  Italian  in  the  library  of  St.  John's  is 
dated  1543 ;  so  is  that  mentioned  by  Riederer ; 
and  I  am  not  aware  that  there  is  a  spark  of  ancient 
evidence  for  an  earlier  date  ;  but  if  it  be  anterior 
to  1542,  Paleario  is  not  the  author. 

The  Oration  of  Paleario  to  the  Senators  of 
Sienna  alludes  to  the  exile  of  Bernardino  Ochino, 
and  is  therefore  posterior  to  it ;  and  from  the 
manner  in  which  it  is  alluded  to,  any  one  would 
naturally  suppose  that  it  had  taken  place  not  long 
before.  But  the  date  of  the  flight  of  Ochiuo  may 
be  considered  certain,  and  is  to  be  placed  in  1542, 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


385 


probably  about  the  middle  of  the  year ;  as  the 
letter  of  Claudio  Tolomeo,  urging  him  to  return, 
is  dated  Oct.  20,  1542 ;  and  his  own  reply  was 
indited  during  the  same  year  (or,  according  to 
another  account,  in  April,  1543).  See  Schelhorn, 
Amcen.  Hist.  Eccl.,  vol.  i.  p.  444.  Now  Paleario 


"  Ex  cujus  (Christi)  morte  quanta  commoda  alleta  sint 
humano  generi  cum  hoc  anno  Thusce  scripsissem,  objec- 
tum  fuit  in  accusatione." 

And  proceeds  to  add  a  syllabus  of  the  con- 
tents of  the  book,  which  accords  perfectly  with 
the  Italian  treatise.  If,  then,  as  seems  to  me 
most  probable,  the  Oration  and  the  tract  belong  to 
1543,  it  is  almost  certain  that  Paleario  wrote  the 
latter;  or,  if  they  both  belong  to  1542,  as  may 
possibly  be  the  case,  the  same  conclusion  will  hold 
good :  but  a  discrepancy  of  only  one  year  will  be 
enough  to  prevent  us  from  assigning  the  tract  to 
Paleario.  I  will  add,  that  the  Oration  is  scatent 
with  historical  allusions;  so  that  a  person  very 
familiar  with  the  history  of  those  times  may  pro- 
bably determine  the  date  with  absolute  certainty. 

Mac  Crie  (Hist,  of  the  Ref.  in  Italy)  says  that  he 
quitted  the  Siennese  "about  the  year  1543."  These 
"  abouts "  ruin  everything,  and  are  most  severely 
to  be  deprecated  whenever  they  occur  in  a  his- 
torian, if  the  actual  date  can  be  discovered. 
Hallbauer's  Life  of  Paleario  may  very  possibly 
throw  some  light  on  the  subject.  It  is  prefixed  to 
his  edition  of  his  Works,  1728;  but  unfortunately 
I  have  it  not  at  hand  to  consult.  Many  of  your 
readers  are,  I  doubt  not,  more  favourably  circum- 
stanced. CHURCHILL  BABINGTON. 

St.  John's  Coll.,  Camb. 


i&inar 

Temptation  and  Selfishness.  — 

"Never  comes  temptation  in  so  plausible  a  form  as 
when  the  resistance  to  it  may  be  attributed  to  selfish- 
ness." 

Querv,  Who  is  the  author  of  this,  and  what  does 
it  mean  ?  F.  S.  R. 

Eichmond. 

Storbating,  or  Storbanting.  —  What  is  the  de- 
rivation of  this  word,  applied  by  the  fishermen  on 
the  southern  bank  of  the  Orwell  in  Suffolk  to 
fishing  for  sprats  ?  F.  C.  B. 

Diss. 

Battledoor.  —  What  is  the  meaning  of  this 
word  in  an  account  of  disbursements  by  reason  of 
the  plague,  from  Cambridge  town-book  ?  See 
Annals  of  Cambridge,  by  C.  H.  Cooper,  vol.  iii. 
p.  415.  F.  C.  B. 

Diss. 

Bryant  Family.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents direct  me  where  to  find  any  account  of  the 


Bryant  family  ?  Is  there  any  work  of  Com- 
moners besides  Burke's  ?  What  are  the  arms  of 
Bryant  (I  believe)  of  Tiverton  ?  —  also  crest? 
Burke  gives  the  arms  in  his  Heraldic  Dictionary, 
but  does  not  state  from  whence.*  Any  informa- 
tion about  the  family  will  be  thankfully  received. 
A  FKLEND  OF  THE  FAMILY. 

Bread  converted  into  Stone :  an  enduring  Mi- 
racle. —  There  was  to  be  found  at  Ley  den  two 
centuries  ago  bread  converted  into  stone  by 
"  Divine  permission,"  as  a  chastisement  for  the 
brutality  of  a  woman  who  refused  to  give  a  loaf  to 
her  starving  sister.  (See  Les  Delices  de  la  Hol- 
lande,  p.  68.)  Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me 
whether  this  remarkable  evidence  of  a  miracle  is 
still  preserved  at  Leyden,  or  give  any  farther 
particulars  of  the  circumstance  that  occasioned  it  ? 
Our  author,  it  would  be  as  well  to  remark,  was  a 
devout  believer  in  everything  promulgated  by  the 
Fathers  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  or  sanctioned  by 
the  Pope.  TIMON. 

Irish  Family  Names. — Is  there  any  work  of 
authority  on  "  the  origin  and  meanings  of  Irish 
family  names  ? "  I  am  well  aware  that  some  in- 
teresting articles,  under  the  title  I  have  quoted, 
and  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  O'Donovan,  appeared  in 
the  Irish  Penny  Journal  (Dublin,  1841);  but  the 
subject  deserves,  I  think,  a  fuller  consideration.  At 
any  rate,  the  articles  might  with  advantage  be 
reprinted — revised  (if  need  be)  by  the  author. 

ABHBA. 

King  James  Brass  Money.  —  In  Simon's  Essay 
on  Irish  Coins  (Lond.  1749,  and  Dublin,  1810, 
with  supplement)  there  is  perhaps  the  best  ac- 
count of  this  extraordinary  coinage,  so  well  known 
as  associated  with  "wooden  shoes,"  &c.  Yet  a 
strange  discrepancy  on  one  point  exists  between 
the  text  and  the  plates  at  the  end  of  the  volume, 
and  which,  so  far  as  the  text  goes,  is  followed  by 
the  Rev.  Rogers  Ruding,  in  his  Annals  of  the 
Coinage,  Lond.  1819.  Simon  says  that  "some  of 
these  coins,  for  every  month  from  June  1689  to 
April  1690  inclusive,  are  in  the  hands  of  the 
curious."  Yet  in  the  engravings  there  appear  a 
shilling  and  half-crown,  both  for  May,  1690,  which 
latter  agrees  exactly  with  one  of  his  smaller  half- 
crowns  in  a  set  which  I  have.  I  would  be  glad  to 
know  how  this  contradiction  is  accounted  for,  and 
if  the  fact  of  the  monthly  coinage  extending  to 
May  can  be  confirmed.  J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

Customs  of  the  County  Clare. — Will  MB.  DAVIES, 
or  any  other  correspondent  acquainted  with  the 
local  customs  of  the  county  Clare,  kindly  inform 

[*  Burke's  Armory  contains  the  following  notice  : 
"  BRYANT.  Az.  on  a  cross  or,  a  cinquefoil  between  four 
lozenges  ga.  Crest,  a  flag  az.  charged  with  saltire  ar."] 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  263. 


me  whether  it  is  usual  there  to  inter  bodies  within 
twenty-four  hours  after  death ;  and  if  so,  under 
what  circumstances  ?  —  or  is  it  only  in  the  case  of 
fever  or  other  contagious  disease  ?  J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

Earthenware  Vessels  found  at  Fountains  Abbey. 
—  When  strolling  among  the  ruins  of  Fountains 
Abbey  on  the  28th  of  January  last,  a  time  when 
workmen  were  engaged  in  removing  the  earth  and 
stones  from  the  floor,  that  had  been  accumulating 
from  the  period  of  its  desecration,  I  was  shown  by 
the  man  who  had  found  it,  a  brown  jug  of  earthen- 
ware buried  in'the  stone  basement  of  the  now  de- 
stroyed choir  screen.  The  jug  was  discovered  by 
the  top  being  crushed  with  the  wheel  of  a  cart 
used  to  remove  the  soil.  When  found,  and  when 
I  saw  it,  it  contained  a  considerable  quantity  of  a 
dark  substance  like  burned  wood. 

It  seems  from  a  paper  in  the  Illustrated  News 
for  June  17,  that  — 

"  At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Eoyal  Institute  of  British 
Architects,  the  Earl  de  Grey  president  in  the  chair,  his 
lordship  exhibited  several  casts  and  original  objects 
brought  from  Fountains  Abbey.  There  was  also  an  in- 
teresting discussion  on  the  probable  use  of  some  earthen- 
ware jars,  imbedded  in  the  base  of  a  screen  in  the  nave. 
These  jars  were  laid  in  mortar  on  their  sides,  and  then 
surrounded  with  the  solid  stonework,  the  necks  pro- 
truding from  the  wall  like  cannons  from  the  side  of  a 
ship.  Their  probable  use  has  been  the  subject  of  much 
conjecture." 

One  conjecture  is,  that  these  jars  have  been 
used  to  burn  incense  in  ;  but  this  is  very  unlikely, 
as  when  the  stalls  were  standing  their  mouths  must 
have  been  hidden.  Can  any  reader  of  "N.  & 
Q."  explain  their  use  ?  It  may  probably  be  il- 
lustrated by  some  mediaeval  writer  on  the  services 
of  the  Catholic  Church,  alike  unread  by  your  cor- 
respondent and  the  Members  of  the  Institute  of 
British  Architects.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Bottesford  Moors. 

Arms  of  De  Montfort. — Near  the  small  fishing 
village  of  Dinar,  at  the  entrance  of  the  river 
Ranee,  opposite  the  towns  of  St.  Malo  and  St. 
Servan,  are  the  ruins  of  a  religious  house  com- 
monly called  Le  Prieure.  It  was  formerly  called 
L'Hopital  Bechet,  and  was  founded  in  1324,  and 
dedicated  to  St.  Philip  and  St.  James  by  Olivier 
and  Geffroy  de  Montfort,  who  gave  it  to  Mathurin 
monks,  otherwise  called  freres  de  la  Mercy,  in 
memory  of  their  having  been  rescued  from  the 
hands  of  the  infidels  by  monks  of  this  order.  Some 
five-and-twenty  years  ago,  the  tombs  and  effigies 
of  the  founders  were  still  to  be  seen  in  the  ruined 
chapel,  then  used  as  a  pen  for  cattle ;  and  if  any 
care  has  been  taken  to  preserve  them,  they  may 
be  still  in  existence.  They  are  represented  in  the 
armour  of  the  period,  chain  mail  with  surcoats  : 
one  bears  on  his  shield  the  arms  of  one  of  the 


families  of  De  Montfort  of  Brittany  (Argent,  "  a  la 
croix  de  gueules  givree  d'or ") ;  the  other  bears 
a  lion  rampant,  double  tailed,  surmounted  by  a 
cross  "  ancree  et  givree."  De  Montfort,  Earl  of 
Leicester  temp.  King  John,  bore  :  Gules,  a  lion 
rampant,  "  queue  fourchee,"  argent.  The  pecu- 
liarity of  the  combination  of  the  two  charges  on 
the  same  shield  struck  me  as  worthy  of  notice. 
Can  any  of  your  heraldic  correspondents  inform 
me  if  instances  of  such  combinations  are  common  ? 
EDGAR  M'CULLOCH. 
Guernsey. 

Cannon-ball  Effects. — At  a  court-martial  held 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1806,  on  an  officer 
charged  with  cowardly  prostrating  himself  on  the 
ground,  with  the  view  of  avoiding  the  enemy's  fire 
at  Blueberg,  Captains  Watson  and  Clawson,  both 
of  the  Royal  Artillery,  affirmed,  that  they  had 
each  heard  of  distinct  instances  where  soldiers 
were  bruised,  and  rendered  incapable  of  doing 
duty,  by  the  mere  concussion  of  a  cannon-ball, 
and  that  without  their  being  at  all  struck  by  it. 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  substantiate 
the  verity  of  this,  by  particularising  the  instances 
referred  to,  or  by  proving  that  it  was  actually  the 
air-current  caused  by  the  passage  of  the  ball  (not 
the  heat  of  the  climate,  or  any  other  extraneous 
agency)  which  disabled  these  men  ?  Or  will 
some  of  your  more  scientific  correspondents  pro- 
pound any  general  rule,  as  to  the  effect  likely  to 
be  produced  by  such  a  concussion  ? 

DANIEL  FOESYTH. 

Edinburgh. 

St.  Peter's  at  Rome.  —  Can  you  point  out  to  me 
any  architectural  work  in  which  is  described  the 
difference  between  the  plan  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome 
as  it  now  stands,  and  the  original  plan  of  the 
great  Michael  Angelo  ?  One  of  the  sketches  seen 
over  a  doorway  in  the  Vatican  library  suggests 
these  obvious  remarks :  —  1.  The  building  of 
Michael  Angelo  would  have  been  placed  within  a 
large  colonnaded  square,  instead  of  standing  at 
the  end  of  the  two  carved  colonnades  of  Bernini. 
2.  Instead  of  windows  (often  the  perplexity  of 
modern  architects,  and  the  deformity  of  modern 
architecture),  there  would  have  been,  in  many 
places,  sculpture  in  niches  producing  a  far  more 
noble  and  religious  effect.  3.  The  Greek  (instead 
of  the  Latin)  cross  being  adopted,  the  dome,  now 
concealed  by  the  fagade,  would  have  been  visible 
from  the  front  of  the  building.  Nothing  is  more 
fatal  than  to  meddle  with  the  original  designs  of 
genius.  WM.  EWAKT. 

Captain  Upton. — A  Captain  Upton  was  at  the 
defence  of  Gibraltar,  under  General  Elliott.  Re- 
quired, an  account  of  his  military  services,  birth- 
place, wife's  and  mother's  Christian  and  maiden- 
names  ;  a  general  account  of  his  family  connexions 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


387 


not  being  undesirable.  Query  also,  whether  related 
to  Captain  Upton,"the  reported  constructor  of  the 
more  important  defences  of  Sebastopol  ? 

In  my  possession  is  a  memorial  from  Lieut. 
John  Upton  to  the  Secretary  at  War,  1790,  stat- 
ing that  he  had  assisted  in  raising  the  72nd,  or 
Royal  Manchester  Volunteers,  and  had  served  in 
that  corps  at  Gibraltar ;  but  had  subsequently 
been  reduced  to  half-pay,  and  concludes  by  re- 
questing to  be  put  on  active  service.  Reference 
is  made  to  Lord  Heathfield  and  Sir  Robert  Boyd, 
the  former  of  whom  certifies  by  signature  as 
follows : 

"  The  Memorialist  did  serve  during  the  siege  at  Gi- 
braltar, and  always  discharged  his  duty  as  became  a  faith- 
ful officer.  HEATHFIELD. 

"  Turnham  Green,  18th  May,  1790." 

The  Upton  I  inquire  about  is  said  to  have  been 
in  the  Engineers,  and  his  wife  to  have  written  a 
poem  on  the  subject  of  the  siege.  FOBVUS. 

Plumstead  Common. 

Furnace  Cinders.  — In  No.  1404.  p.  1150.  of 
The  Athenaeum  appeared  the  following  paragraph : 

"A  new  Use  for  Furnace  Cinders. — A  useful,  invention, 
for  which  we  are  indebted  to  a  Dr.  W.  H.  Smith,  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, has  lately  been  the  subject  of  experiments 
made  at  Merthyr  Tydvil,  under  the  authority  of  Lady 
Charlotte  Guest  and  other  proprietors  of  iron  works.  Dr. 
Smith  professes  to  produce  from  the  scoriae  cast  aside  from 
the  blast-furnaces  a  variety  of  articles  of  daily  use,  such 
as  square  tiles,  paving-flags,  and  bottles,  the  last  of  which 
are  much  stronger,  and  the  annealment  more  complete 
than  in  the  common  glass  bottles,  from  which  in  appear- 
ance they  are  scarcely  to  be  distinguished.  The  scoriee 
are  thrown  into  a  mould  before  they  have  time  to  cool. 
If  it  should  turn  out  to  be  possible  to  put  the  furnace 
cinders  to  such  uses,  the  invention  will  be  of  great  im- 
portance to  all  proprietors  of  blast-furnaces." 

Now,  in  Cooke's  Topographical  Library,  "Here- 
fordshire," p.  119.,  I  stumbled  on  the  following 
passage : 

"  About  two  miles  to  the  east  of  Goodrich  are  the  iron 
works  of  Bishop's -Wood  furnace,  and  some  powerful  en- 
gines for  stamping  the  ancient  scoria;,  &c.  to  powder,  which 
is  manufactured  here  to  considerable  advantage." 

Not  to  trouble  you  farther  with  more  passages, 
I  will  just  add,  that  Mr.  Thos.  Wright,  in  his 
Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary,  p.  11.,  makes  men- 
tion of  the  same  thing,  and  adds,  — 

"And  this  powder  is  carried  down  to  Bristol,  where  it 
is  used  for  making  coarse  glass  bottles." 

What  I  wish  to  know  is,  if  there  really  is  any 
difference,  and  if  there  be,  is  it  that  in  the  one 
case  the  sconce  are  first  reduced  to  powder,  and 
in  the  other  are  thrown  into  a  mould  before  they 
have  time  to  cool  ?  T.  E.  N. 

Erasmus's  "Adagia." — In  what  does  the  small 
edition  of  Erasmus's  Adagia,  published  by  Elze- 
vir, 1650,  differ  from  the  editio  princeps  in  folio  ? 

H.  E.  W. 


Bruce.  —  Not  having  access  to  any  extensive 
library,  I  should  feel  obliged  to  any  of  your 
genealogical  correspondents  to  give  me  inform- 
ation respecting  the  Hon.  Robert  Bruce,  one  of 
the  sons  of  the  first  Earl  of  Ailesbury,  of  whom 
all  I  know  is,  that  he  was  elected  M.  P.  for  Marl- 
borough  in  1702  and  1710;  for  Great  Bedwin  in 
1722  ;  and  that  he  died  in  May,  1729,  aged  sixty- 
two.  Also  respecting  his  brother,  the  Hon.  James 
Bruce,  who  was  elected  M.  P.  for  Great  Bedwin 
in  1702,  and  for  Marlborough  in  1708.  He  was 
living  in  1716.  Were  they  married  ?  Had  they 
issue  ?  When  did  James  die,  and  where  was  he 
buried  ?  Who  was  the  Rev.  George  Bruce, 
"  frater  germanus  "  of  Alexander,  Earl  of  Kincar- 
dine? He  died  May  27,  1723,  aged  eighty- one. 

PATONCE. 


Minor: 


ie&  bjftfj 


Chaucer's  Parish  Priest.  —  It  is  hinted  in  the 
Westminster  Review  for  July  last,  that  this  de- 
lineation in  the  Canterbury  Tales  "  has  been  sur- 
mised to  have  been  sketched  from  Wiclif  in  his 
later  days."  What  are  the  grounds,  if  any,  for 
such  a  surmise  ?  J.  P. 

[This  is  merely  conjectural,  probably  from  the  fact  that 
when  Wiclif  was  warden  of  Canterbury  College,  Oxford, 
he  is  said  to  have  had  under  his  tuition,  or  at  least  as  a 
student  in  that  house,  Geoffrey  Chaucer.  Hence  the  editor 
of  The  Persone  of  a  Town,  published  in  1841,  has  added 
the  following  note  to  a  paraphrase  of  the  lines  — 

"  Wide  was  his  parish,  and  houses  fer  asonder, 
But  he  ne  left  nought  for  no  rain  ne  thonder." 

"  Though  Lutterworth  lies  north,  no  doubt  Chaucer  drew 
his  friend  Wickliff  herein."  And  Le  Bas,  in  his  Life  of 
Wiclif,  p.  211.,  speaking  of  the  Reformer  as  a  parish 
priest,  says,  "  It  may  with  propriety  be  mentioned  here, 
that  the  faithfulness,  the  zeal,  and  the  spirit  of  charity, 
with  which  all  the  duties  of  a  parochial  minister  were 
discharged  by  Wiclif,  have  given  occasion  to  the  conjec- 
ture, that  he  may  have  been  the  real  original  of  Chaucer's 
celebrated  picture  of  the  Village  Priest."] 

Decalogue  in  Churches.  —  When,  and  by  whom, 
were  the  Lord's  Prayer,  Creed,  and  Command- 
ments first  introduced  authoritatively  into  our 
churches  ?  And  if  this  was  done  after  the  Re- 
formation, on  what  grounds  is  it  now  considered 
correct  to  paint  them  in  Saxon,  Lombardic,  tall, 
black-letter,  and  other  very  far  pre-Reformation 
characters  ?  P.  P. 

[By  the  Canons  published  at  the  commencement  of  the 
reign  of  James  I.,  1603,  it  was  ordered  "  that  the  Ten 
Commandments  be  set  up  on  the  east  end  of  every  church 
and  chapel,  where  the  people  may  best  see  and  read  the 
same,  and  other  chosen  sentences  written  upon  the  walls 
of  the  said  churches  and  chapels,  in  places  convenient." 
(Canon  Ixxxii.)  Their  being  painted  in  medheval  cha- 
racters is  simply  a  matter  of  taste,  exhibiting  the  biblio- 
maniacal  propensities  and  devotion  of  our  churchwardens 
and  architects  to  the  Roxburgh  Club  and  "black  letter."] 


388 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


Herbert's  Poems.  —  Can  you  inform  me  which 
is  the  first  edition  of  Herbert's  Poem*,  that  printed 
at  Cambridge  without  date,  or  the  one  with  the 
date  of  1633  on  the  title-page?  The  former  one 
was  recently  sold  at  Sotheby's,  in  rich  old  morocco 
binding,  for  19/.  17*.  Gd. ;  the  latter  is  in  my  pos- 
session. VBKAT. 

Islington. 

[We  have  before  us  a  Cambridge  edition  of  1633,  with 
the  words  *  Second  Edition  "  printed  on  the  title-page. 
The  imprint  is  as  follows:  "Printed  by  T.  Buck  and  R. 
Daniel,  printers  to  the  Universitie  of  Cambridge,  1633. 
^  And  are  to  be  sold  by  Fr.  Green."  This  seems  to  be 
the  edition  noticed  by  Dibdin  in  his  Library  Companion, 
p.  702.  He  says,  "  The  second  and  best  edition  of  Her- 
bert's Poems  appeared  in  1633,  in  a  slender  duodecimo 
volume.  I  have  seen  more  than  one  beautiful  copy  of 
this  pious  volume,  which  has  brought  as  much  as  4Z.  4s., 
in  a  delicately-ruled  and  thickly-gilt  ornamented  condi- 
tion ;  and  in  some  such  condition  there  is  good  reason  to 
believe  that  Charles  I.  possessed  it.  Indeed  his  own  copy 
of  it,  in  blue  morocco,  with  rich  gold  tooling,  was  once;  I 
learn,  in  the  library  of  Tom  Martin  of  Palgrave."] 

"  Philologia  Sacra."  —  I  have  in  my  possession 
a  folio  volume  called  Philologia  Sacra,  or  the 
Tropes  and  Figures  of  Scripture.  It  was  pub- 
lished in  London  in  1681.  The  author's  initials 
are  B.  K.  Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  some 
information  with  regard  to  the  writer  of  this  book, 
or  tell  me  whether  it  is  scarce,  as  I  have  not,  to 
the  best  of  my  memory,  met  with  another  copy  of 
it  elsewhere  ?  T.  W.  D.  BROOKS,  M.A. 

[Our  correspondent  seems  to  possess  only  ihe  first  book 
of  Benjamin  Keach's  celebrated  work,  TPOnOAOriA,  or  a 
Key  to  open  Scripture  Metaphors,  2  vols.  fol.,  1681-2 ;  re- 
printed in  1  vol.,  1779.  It  consists  of  four  books.  Book  I. 
Philologia  Sacra,  or  the  Tropes  and  Figures  of  Scripture. 
This  book  has  been  attributed  to  Thomas  Delaune.  II. 
III.  Metaphors  and  Similes.  IV.  Tropes  and  Figures. 
The  last  three  are  by  Keach.  The  work  is  now  scarce ; 
the  first  edition  was  marked  in  Ogle's  Catalogue,  1814,  at 
SI.  3s.,  and  we  have  seen  the  second  edition  marked  at 
21.  16s.  Benjamin  Keach  was  a  Baptist  minister,  who 
appears  to  have  suffered  for  his  principles;  born  1640, 
died  1704 ;  and  was  of  considerable  note  among  his  bre- 
thren. His  quaint  phraseology  sometimes  provokes  a 
smile.  In  one  place  he  says  that  "  the  Deity  is  not  dis- 
pleased with  those  who  look  asquint  at  Mm;"  and  in  an- 
other, that  "  our  blessed  Saviour,  although  a  Physician, 
was  so  disinterested  that  he  never  took  a  penny  of  all 
those  he  cured."] 

Curran  a  Preacher.  —  In  p.  xvi.  of  the  Me- 
moir prefixed  to  Davis's  edition  of  The  Speeches 
of  the  Right  Honourable  John  Philpot  Curran 
(8vo.,  London,  1847),  I  have  lately  met  with  the 
following  paragraph : 

"  Being  designed  for  the  Church  he  studied  divinity. 
.  .  In  his  time  he  wrote  two  sermons.  [One  was  written 
for  his  friend,  Mr.  Stack,  to  preach  before  the  judges  of 
assize  at  Cork.]  The  other  was  preached  in  College  chapel 
as  a  punishment,  and  in  it  he  gloriously  mimicked  the 
censor,  Dr.  Patrick  Duigenan! — an  eruption  worthy  of 
him  who  satirised  Newmarket,  when  twelve  years  old. 
We  cannot  look  at  the  College  pulpit  without  fancying 


we  see  the  giggling  eye,  and  hear  the  solemn  voice  of  that 
wild  boy." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  this  ?  Did  Curran  ever 
occupy  "the  College  pulpit"  in  the  College  chapel? 
or  has  a  sermon  been  ever  preached  there  "  as  a 
punishment  ?  "  If  not,  how  did  the  writer  of  the 
Memoir  make  such  an  assertion  ?  ABHBA. 

[Curran  having  committed  some  breach  of  the  College 
regulations,  was  condemned  by  Dr.  Duigenan  to  pro- 
nounce a  Latin  oration  in  laudem  decori  from  the  pulpit  of 
the  College  chapel.  He  had  not  proceeded  far  before  it 
was  found  to  contain  a  mock  model  of  ideal  perfection, 
which  the  doctor  instantly  recognised  to  be  a  glaring 
satire  upon  himself.  Such  is  the  version  of  the  story  as 
furnished  by  his  son.] 

Drinking  from  Seven  Glasses. — In  John  Buncle, 
a  Unitarian  romance,  of  which  Hazlitt  gives  us  a 
highly  amusing  account  in  his  Round  Table,  the 
author  says : 

"  Gallaspy  was  ....  well  made  and  extremely  hand- 
some ....  but  extremely  wicked.  He  was  the  most  pro- 
fane swearer  I  have  known:  fought  everything,  and 
drank  seven  in  a  hand ;  that  is,  seven  glasses  so  placed 
between  the  fingers  of  his  right  hand,  that,  in  drinking, 
the  liquor  fell  into  the  next  glasses,  and  thereby  he  drank 
out  of  the  first  glass  seven  glasses  at  once.  This  was  a 
common  thing,  I  find  from  a  book  in  my  possession,  in 
the  reign  of  Charles  II." 

Hazlitt,  in  a  note,  asks,  — 

"  Is  this  all  a  rhodomontade,  or  literal  matter-of-fact, 
not  credible  in  these  degenerate  days  ?  " 


This  is  my  Query. 


J.  P. 


[We  have  already  given  some  account  of  the  author  of 
The  Life  of  John  Buncle,  Esq.,  the  eccentric  Thomas 
Amory,  and  of  the  extravagant  tone  of  his  writings.  (See 
Vol.  x.,  p.  30.)  In  addition  to  what  is  stated  above  re- 
specting this  marvellous  Irishman,  Gallaspy,  he  farther 
tells  us  that  "  when  he  smoaked  tobacco,  he  always  blew 
two  pipes  at  once,  one  at  each  corner  of  his  mouth,  and 
threw  the  smoak  of  both  out  of  his  nostrils  ...  He  only 
slept  every  third  night,  and  that  often  in  his  cloathes  in 
a  chair,  where  he  would  sweat  so  prodigiously  as  to  be 
wet  quite  through ;  as  wet  as  if  he  had  come  from  a  pond, 
or  a  pail  of  water  had  been  thrown  on  him.  This  was 
Jack  Gallaspy."  The  writer  of  this  rhodomontade  was 
evidently  a  duly  qualified  candidate  for  a  lunatic  asy- 
lum.] 

Arthurs  Grave.  —  In  the  centre  of  an  ancient 
earthwork  (near  Launceston,  Cornwall),  called 
Warbstow  Barrow,  is  a  long  mound  of  grass- 
grown  earth,  vulgarly  known  as  King  Arthur's 
grave.  Is  there  any  reason  for  this  appellation  ? 

ANON. 

[This  oblong  tumulus  is  also  called  the  Giant's  grave, 
situated  in  the  centre  of  a  double  vallum,  of  which  an 
engraved  plan  is  given  in  Lysons'  Cornwall,  p.  ccxlix. 
Arthur,  the  British  chief,  after  he  was  mortally  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Camlan  in  Cornwall,  was  conveyed  by 
sea  to  Glastonbury,  where  he  died  and  was  buried.  The 
Arthur  entombed  in  Warbstow  Barrow  clearly  belongs  to 
romance  and  fiction,  most  likely  the  fantastic  monarch  of 
the  Round  Table.'] 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


389 


Statutes  of  William  of  Wykeham.  —  I  should  be 
glad  of  an  elucidation  of  the  three  words  in  Italics 
in  the  following  extract  from  one  of  William  of 
Wykeham's  New  College  statutes,  which,  I  sup- 
pose, it  will  soon  be  treasonable  to  quote : 

"Inhibentes  nihilorainus  ipsis  omnibus  et  singulis, — ne 
clocas,  sea  armilausas,  aut  bellas  infra  Universitatem  et 
spatium  praedicta  gerere,  vel  iis  uti  quovismodo  prassu- 
mant." — Rubrica  xxiiL 

C.  W.  B. 

\Clocas  is  merely  the  English  word  cloaks  Latinised: 
"  Vestis  species,"  says  Du  Gauge.  The  same  glossarist 
interprets  armilausa  to  be  a  military  cloak :  "  Sagum  mili- 
tare,  quod  thoraci  superinduitur."  The  third  word,  bella, 
is  doubtless  a  similar  garment,  an  over-coat  or  mantle, 
the  English  word  belle  being  so  explained  in  Halliwell's 
^Archaic  Dictionary.] 

English  Proverbs.  —  Is  there  any  work  in  our 
language  which  professes  to  give  parallels  of  En- 
glish proverbs  from  other  European  languages  ? 

H.E.W. 

[The  only  work  of  the  kind  known  to  us  is  the  follow- 
ing :  "  Eland's  Proverbs ;  chiefly  taken  from  the  Aclagia 
of  Erasmus,  and  illustrated  by  corresponding  Examples 
from  the  Spanish,  Italian,  and  English  Languages," 
2  vols.  12mo.,  1814.  The  two  following  are  of  a  similar 
character,  but  extremely  scarce  :  "Proverbs,  English, 
French,  Dutch,  Italian,  and  Spanish :  all  Englished  and 
Alphabetically  Digested,  by  N.  E.,  12mo.,  1659."  "  Se- 
lect Proverbs,  Italian,  Spanish,  French,  English,  Scottish, 
British,  &c.  Chiefly  moral.  The  foreign  languages  done 
into  English,  8vo.,  1707."] 


NO    TIDES    IN    THE    BALTIC. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  288.) 

The  great  tidal  wave  south  of  Australia  takes  a 
north-westerly  direction,  and  the  same  tide  that 
reaches  Madras  extends  to  Madagascar  and  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  which  last-mentioned 
place  fifteen  hours  are  required  to  bring  the  same 
tidal  wave  into  the  British  Channel,  which  in  the 
North  Atlantic  takes  a  north-easterly  direction. 
The  rise  and  fall  of  the  tide  are  greater  on  the 
coast  of  Ireland,  and  west  of  England,  Germany, 
and  Jutland,  than  on  England's  east  coast;  the 
German  Ocean,  of  32,000  square  leagues,  is  al- 
most closed  at  the  straits  of  Dover,  and  shoals  up 
in  the  direction  of  the  east  coast  of  England  to 
the  Thames.  The  tides  rise  little  in  the  Pacific, 
which  is  an  immense  basin  nearly  closed  at  its 
northern  extremity  ;  whilst  the  Atlantic,  open  to 
and  beyond  the  north  pole,  has  great  and  varying 
tides.  Generally,  where  the  space  for  the  action  of 
the  tide  waves  is  greatest,  i.  e.  where  such  action 
is  least  impeded  by  continents  and  shoals,  there 
the  rise  and  fall  of  the  tides  are  the  greatest.  The 
minimum  is  found  in  the  inclosed  lakes  and  seas, 
from  which  the  great  ocean  tide-wave  is  excluded, 


and  where  the  action  of  the  moon  and  sun  is  con- 
fined to  a  comparatively  limited  surface  and  depth. 
At  Copenhagen  the  tide  averages  only  one  foot.  It 
is  true  that  the  Mediterranean,  poetically  a  "tide- 
less  sea,"  experiences  betwixt  Venice  and  the 
Lesser  Syrtis  a  rise  and  fall  of  from  five  to  seven 
feet;  but  such  rise  and  fall  seem  to  have  been 
little  noticed  by  the  Greeks  in  the  time  of  Alex- 
ander, who  were  struck  with  astonishment  at  the 
tides  of  the  Indian  Ocean  (Arrian  xix.  4.).  The 
Mediterranean  tides,  however,  do  not  extend  over 
all  its  surface,  notwithstanding  its  being  in  most 
parts  unfathomable :  as  there  are  many  places  in 
it  where  tides  are  imperceptible.  But  since  no 
tides  are  discerned  in  the  Baltic,  we  can  only 
attribute  their  absence  to  the  like  causes  of  limited 
surface  and  shallowness.  Reckoning  with  Malte- 
Brun  (vi.  7 — 11.)  25  square  leagues  to  the  de- 
gree, the  Baltic  has  a  surface  of  17,680  square 
leagues,  and  the  Mediterranean,  Archipelago,  &c., 
of  131,980  square  leagues  ;  and  if  we  add  to  the 
former  the  Gulfs  of  Bothnia  and  Finland,  7,400 
square  leagues,  the  Mediterranean  is  still  more 
than  five  times  the  size  of  the  Baltic,  which  latter, 
by  comparison,  is  reduced  to  a  lake,  the  surface  of 
which  is  too  inconsiderable  to  be  acted  on  by  the 
moon's  attraction  so  as  to  produce  a  tide  sus- 
ceptible of  measurement.*  For  full  details  MB. 
WEST  may  have  recourse  to  La  Place,  and  to  Airy, 
Whewell,  Lubbock,  Russell,  and  others  in  the 
Encyc.  Metrop.,  R.  S.  Trans.,  and  other  scientific 
journals.  (See  Penny  Cyclop.,  art.  Waves  and 
Tides.)  Whilst  on  this  subject,  it  may  be  interest- 
ing to  observe,  that  a  flow  of  water  constantly 
issues  from  the  Baltic  into  the  North  Sea,  except 
after  a  prevalence  of  north-west  winds ;  but  the 
flow  of  the  Atlantic  is,  on  the  contrary,  con- 
stantly directed  into  the  Mediterranean,  the  enor- 
mous accession  of  water  from  such  rivers  as  the 
Nile,  Danube,  &c.,  not  being  equal  to  the  quantity 
converted  into  clouds  by  evaporation  from  its 
surface.  T.  J.  BUCK.TON. 

Lichfield. 


It  has  long  been  popularly  believed  that  _the 
reason  of  there  being  no  tides  in  the  Baltic  arises 
from  the  narrowness  of  the  entrance,  so  that  the 
waters  having  once  rushed  in  cannot  flow  out 
again  before  the  next  tide  comes  on,  and  hence 
the  waters  kept  at  a  uniform  state.  There  is  ^a 
common  phrase  which  has  been  founded  upon  this 
belief,  when  a  person  has  taken  in  an  over-compli- 
ment of  liquor  :  "  As  full  as  the  Baltic." 

The  same  has  been  assigned  for  the  uniformity 


*  There  is  an  occasional  rise  of  about  three  ^feet  in  the 
Baltic,  maintained  sometimes  for  a  few  days',  at  other 
times  for  weeks  together ;  but  its  connexion  with  lunar  or 
solar  attraction  is  still  undetermined.  The  west  bed  of 
the  Baltic  is  thought  to  be  rising. 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


of  the  waters  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea;  and 
though  tides  may  appear  to  act  upon  them,  they 
are  generally  understood  to  be  considerably  less 
affected  there  than  in  other  seas.  G.  N. 


LEGEND    OF    THE    CO.    CLARE. 

In  reply  to  DREXEHUS  I  have  to  state,  that  in 
the  co.  Clare  the  name  of  the  hero  of  my  legend 
is  invariably  pronounced  Fuen  Vic  Couil ;  and  few, 
if  any,  of  the  peasantry  would  know  who  Fingall 
was.  With  respect  to  the  spelling  of  Irish  names, 
it  appears  to  me,  that  if  the  Irish  characters  were 
used,  of  course  the  names  ought  to  be  spelled 
according  to  their  proper  orthography  ;  but  when 
English  characters  are  used,  I  think  it  better  to 
spell  the  words  as  they  are  pronounced,  inasmuch 
as  the  various  pips  and  accents  which  modify  or 
change  the  sounds  of  the  Irish  characters  cannot 
be  given  in  the  English  ones  :  how  could  any  one 
unacquainted  with  the  Irish  character  ever  guess 
that  "  Lamh"  is  pronounced  Lauve  (I  give  the 
Clare  pronunciation  of  the  word)  ?  Ziernach  Bran 
is  a  mistake  of  the  printer ;  I  wrote  Tiernach. 
I  am  aware  that  DREXELIDS'  spelling  is  the  correct 
one ;  but  in  this  case,  also,  I  wrote  the  name 
as  it  is  pronounced  in  Clare.  Craig  Bran,  or 
Craig  a  Bran  (for  authors  differ,  it  appears), 
may  or  may  not  be  the  proper  orthography ;  my 
acquaintance  with  the  Irish  language  is  too  limited 
to  enable  me  to  decide  ;  but  the  man  who  related 
the  legend  to  me  as  I  stood  upon  the  spot  called 
it  Gregg  y  Bran,  or  rather  Gregg  y  Fran  (the 
change  of  B  into  V  is  common  in  Celtic  dialects), 
and  he  was  a  native  of  the  place  ;  and  I  heard  the 
name  pronounced  in  the  same  way  by  every  other 
person  in  the  neighbourhood  who  had  occasion 
to  mention  it.  In  relating  the  legends  of  any 
place,  it  is  much  better  to  tell  them  as  nearly  as 
possible  in  the  words  in  which  they  are  related, 
than  to  attempt  corrections.  JEghden  is  another 
misprint;  I  wrote  JEgham.  I  perfectly  agree 
with  FRAS.  CROSSLEY,  that  the  names  as  given 
mean  nothing ;  but  the  printer  is  to  blame  for 
that,  not  I.  Since  the  above  was  written,  I  had 
an  opportunity  of  speaking  to  a  native  of  the 
Queen's  County  :  he  often  heard  legends  of  "  Fin 
Mac  Cowl,"  but  had  no  idea  who  Fingal  or  Fuen 
Vic  Couil  might  be !  I  would  also  add,  for 
DREXELIUS'  information,  that  the  dialect  of  Irish 
spoken  in  the  co.  Clare  is  considered  to  be  softer 
than  that  used  in  the  other  counties,  but  is  allowed 
to  be  much  less  pure  ;  and  I  know  that  when, 
some  years  ago,  a  gentleman  who  had  schools  on 
his  estate  introduced  copies  of  the  Scriptures  in 
Irish  for  circulation,  it  was  found  that  many  of 
the  people  could  not  understand  the  written  or 
printed  dialect ;  and  the  pupils  in  his  schools, 
though  they  soon  learned  to  read  it  fluently,  were 


not  able  to  translate  what  they  read  for  some  time 
without  difficulty.  The  peasantry  also  of  the  co. 
Galway,  who  speak  I  believe  a  purer  dialect,  find 
it  difficult  to  converse  with  those  of  Clare,  and 
vice  versa.  "  The  Legends  of  the  co.  Clare,"  which 
have  appeared  from  time  to  time  in  "  N.  &  Q.," 
with  many  others  now,  I  regret  to  say,  forgotten, 
or  too  imperfectly  remembered  for  repetition,  were 
related  to  me  some  years  ago  during  a  residence 
of  some  duration  at  the  house  of  a  friend,  now 
no  more ;  the  scenes  of  them  all  were  within  a 
few  miles,  many  within  view  of  the  old  family 
mansion  whei-e  I  heard  them.  The  relater  of 
them — who,  in  addition  to  his  varied  professions  of 
parish  clerk,  sadler,  veterinary  surgeon,  leader  of 
the  village  choir,  and  some  half-dozen  other  occu- 
pations, possessed  an  inexhaustible  fund  of  legen- 
dary lore,  much  of  which,  I  fear,  has  died  with 
him — has  followed  his  much  respected  master  the 
rector,  to  that  bourne  from  which  no  traveller 
returns.  Much,  however,  must  still  remain,  though 
fast  dying  out :  pity  it  is  that  some  one,  who 
has  the  opportunity,  does  not  rescue  them  from 
oblivion.  Tales  of  the  exploits  of  "  Fuenvicouil" 
and  his  warriors  were  the  constant  evening's  amuse- 
ment, 

"  When  young  and  old  in  circle 
Around  the  firebrands  close," 

from  the  farmer's  cottage  to  the  labourer's  hut ; 
the  supernaturally  derived  wisdom  of  "  Ussheen," 
who  in  the  Clare  legends  always  takes  the  part  of 
"  Nestor,"  contrasting  finely  with  the  dashing 
courage  of  his  younger  companions.  Though  cir- 
cumstances make  it  unlikely  that  I  shall  ever  visit 
that  country  again,  I  have  endeavoured,  however 
imperfectly,  to  rescue  from  oblivion  a  small  por- 
tion, at  least,  of  the  folk  lore  of  a  county  rich  in 
the  possession  of  some  of  the  boldest  scenery,  as 
well  as  the  finest  ruins,  in  Ireland.  Would  that 
some  one  better  fitted  for  it  would  save  the  fast 
perishing  remainder  !  FRANCIS  ROBERT  DAVIES. 
Llandudno. 


DAVID   LINDSAY. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  266.  335.) 

If,  as  stated  by  L.,  the  second  "  David  Lindsay, 
minister  of  Leith,"  was  the  son  of  the  first  (the 
associate  of  Knox,  and  favourite  churchman  of 
James  VI.),  then  the  Lindsays  of  the  Byres,  and 
of  Edzell,  became  reunited  by  the  marriage  of  the 
Bishop  of  Rosse's  son  Jerome  to  the  daughter  of 
the  poet's  nephew,  Sir  David  Lindsay,  Lyon  King, 
by  which  he  became  Lindsay  of  the  Mount,  and 
eventually  his  father-in-law's  successor  in  office. 
Among  "  Memorialls  to  be  proponed  to  His  Ma- 
jestie,"  1609,  is  that  for  "  the  provisioun  of  Leith, 
that  his  Majestie  will  be  pleased  to  command  the 
Presbyterie  of  Edinburgh,  in  regarde  to  the  Bishop 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


391 


of  Rosse  his  age,  to  have  care  that  the  said  Kirk 
of  Leith  be  planted  with  all  convenient  diligence 
by  Mr.  David  Lindsay,  sometymes  minister  of 
St.  Andrews ;"  which  settlement,  Calderwood 
adds,  was  that  year  effected  by  the  bishops ;  but 
I  do  not  find  him  designated  the  son  and  successor 
of  the  reformer.  Lord  Lindsay,  in  his  Lives  of 
the  Lindsays,  1849,  ascribed  to  his  kinsman,  the 
elder  David,  a  posthumous  work  under  the  title — 

"  The  Heavenly  Chariot  layde  open  for  transporting 
the  New-borne  Babes  of  God  from  Rome  infected  with 
Sin,  towards  that  Eternitie  in  which  dwelle  Righteous- 
ness ;  made  up  of  some  Rare  Pieces  of  that  purest  Golde, 
which  is  not  to  bee  found  but  in  that  Ritchest  Thesaurie 
of  Sacred  Scripture,"  &c.  "  Imprentit  at  Sanct  Androis, 
by  E.  Raban,  Printer  to  the  Vniversitie,  1622." 

which,  his  lordship  adds,  "  I  have  never  been  able 
to  meet  with."  The  same  book  figures  in  Watt, 
under  the  Bishop  of  Brechin,  quite  another  Lind- 
say ;  and  I  have  now  to  show  that  the  Heavenly 
Chariot  and  The  Godly  Man's  Journey  are  the 
same  book,  by  supplying  the  whole  title  of  the 
latter : 

"  The  Godly  Man's  Journey  to  Heaven,  containing  Ten 
severall  Treatises,  viz. :  —  1.  and  2.  An  Heavenly  Chariot ; 
3.  The  Blessed  Chariotsman ;  4.  The  Lanthorn  for  the 
Chariot;  5.  The  Skilful  Chariot-driver;  6.  The  Gard  of 
the  Chariot ;  7.  The  Sixe  Robbers  of  the  Chariot ;  8.  The 
Three  Rockes  layd  on  the  Way ;  9.  The  only  Inne  God's 
Babes  aime  at ;  10.  The  Ghosts  of  the  Inne.  By  Maister 
D.  Lindsay,  Minister  of  God's  Word  at  Leith.  12mo. 
London,  1625." 

The  Rev.  Jas.  Scott,  in  his  Lives  of  the  Re- 
formers, Edinburgh,  1810,  has  a  memoir  6f  the 
Bishop  of  Rosse;  and,  upon  the  authority  of 
Charters,  also  ascribes  the  book  under  the  last 
title  to  him.  Turning,  however,  to  the  Catalogue 
of  Scottish  Writers,  Edinburgh,  1833,  I  find  the 
reverend  gentleman  misquotes ;  the  Godly  Man's 
Journey  being  there  assigned  to  "  D.  L.,  minister 
of  Perth."  The  London  edition  contains  several 
titles  and  dedications  to  men  of  rank  in  the  north  ; 
and  the  whole  has  an  allegorical  look,  although  it 
is  only  the  "  simple  meek  meditations"  of  the 
author.  His  lanthorn  is  God's  word  ;  his  chariot- 
driver,  guard,  and  robbers,  respectively,  the 
ministers,  the  celestial  angels,  the  Jesuits  and 
popish  seminaries,  who  would  rob  us  by  substi- 
tuting false  doctrines  for  those  of  our  Reformed 
Church.  Upon  the  strength  of  its  title,  I  wonder 
it  did  not  get  a  place  in  MR.  OFFOR'S  list,  when 
speculating  upon  the  obligations  Bunyan  may 
have  been  under  to  his  predecessors  for  sugges- 
tions. J.  O. 


ORIEL. 


(Vol.  ix.,  p.  400.) 

The  meaning  of  this  word  has  been  so  often 
asked,  and  so  often  received  the  same  learned  but 


still  unsatisfactory  answer,  I  will  venture  a  con- 
jectural one,  which,  at  least,  has  plausibility  to 
recommend  it ;  and  some  analogy,  derivable  from 
the  art  nomenclature  to  which  it  belongs. 

"  In  modern  writings,"  says  Nares,  "  we  meet 
with  mention  of  oriel  windows  ;  I  doubt  the  pro- 
priety of  the  expression,"  &c.,  &c.  He  doubts 
the  propriety  of  the  designation,  because  he  has 
been  taught  to  consider  the  word  as  applicable 
only  to  the  atrium  or  porch  ;  or  because,  as  sup- 
posed by  some,  derivable  from  area  or  areola. 
Now,  its  application  to  the  projecting  windows  (so 
constantly  and  increasingly  in  use  in  these  Tudor- 
loving  times),  and  to  no  other  part  of  the  buildings, 
erected  in  the  Tudor  style,  convinces  me,  that 
this  is  not  only  a  legitimate  extension  of  the  ap- 
plicability of  the  term,  but  in  consonance  with,  or 
perhaps  the  only  true  original  idea,  namely,  an 
appendicle,  oreille,  or  projection  from  the  head 
or  main  building,  —  such  a  projection  being,  as  it 
were,  the  ear  to  that  head.  Let  any  one  look  at 
a  well-constructed  oriel  window,  and  deny  if  he 
can  the  justice  of  this  conception.  I  shall  not 
dilate  on  its  feasibility,  but  leave  it  to  the  con- 
sideration of  those  whose  moral  or  physical  per- 
ceptions have  not  been  obfuscated  by  the  learned 
glamour  of  the  Dryasdusts  who  have  gone  before 
me.  The  objections  I  anticipate  are,  first,  the 
transposition  of  a  letter  in  the  spelling,  of  i  for  e, 
—  oriel  for  oreil,  a  matter  of  little  account  when 
we  consider  to  whom  the  use  of  the  word  (the 
working  architects)  would  be  transferred  by  the 
original  inventors.  I  have  not  the  means  of 
reference  to  works  in  old  Norman-French,  to  de- 
cide on  the  admission  of  what  I  suppose  to  be  the 
ancient  spelling,  without  the  "  lie,"  which  I  sup- 
pose to  be  a  modern  improvement,  with  a  view  to 
liquidity  in  pronunciation.  I  presume  the  word 
to  be  originally  oreil,  easily  corrupted  into  oriel 
in  the  mouths  of  any  other  than  scholarly  handi- 
craftsmen. 

Secondly,  in  regard  to  analogous  and  fancied 
resemblances.  Is  not  the  art  full  of  such  images  ? 
Have  we  not  pediments,  shafts,  capitals,  &c., 
amongst  the  classical ;  and,  what  is  more  to  the 
purpose,  soffits,  corbeils,  quaterfoils  and  mullions 
in  the  Gothic  ?  Many  others  will  doubtless  sug- 
gest themselves  to  men  better  acquainted  than  I 
am  with  the  nomenclature  of  mediaeval  architec- 
ture, more  violent  in  their  conception  than  the 
notion  of  throwing  out  a  projecting  porch,  or,  still 
better,  clapping  on  a  supplementary  window,  and 
calling  it  by  the  name  of  so  beautiful  a  member  as 
the  ear. 

Lastly,  and  it  is  perhaps  the  strongest  objection 
of  all,  it  will  be  said  that  the  derivation  is  too 
obvious ;  and  that,  setting  aside  the  idea  which 
prompted  it,  the  words  are  too  much  alike.  I  am 
fully  aware  of  the  ridicule  that  attaches  to  the 
easy  adoption  of  similitudes  in  etymology.  But  I 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


insist  also,  that  in  these  as  in  all  other  researches 
after  truth,  the  error  is  often  on  the  side  of  far- 
sought  and  recondite  analogies,  to  the  neglect  of 
the  superficial  and  more  obvious.  M.  (2) 


THE    5OTED    WESTONS. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  286.  354.) 

The  two  Westons,  Joseph  and  George,  resided 
at  the  Friars,  Winchelsea,  for  some  months  in 
the  years  1781-2,  under  the  assumed  names  of 
William  Johnson  and  Samuel  Watson.  They 
made  a  great  display,  and,  although  Catholics,  it 
is  stated  that  Joseph  was  actually  appointed 
churchwarden;  but  other  parts  of  the  country 
had  the  advantage  of  their  presence.  The  Annual 
Register  calls  them  "  two  most  notorious  villains, 
who  for  some  years  have  defrauded  the  country 
by  various  artful  contrivances."  They  were  at 
length  captured  in  Wardour  Street,  London, 
March  17  ;  and  finally  committed,  April  17,  1782, 
for  robbing  the  Bath  and  Bristol  mail  between 
Maidenhead  and  Hounslow,  on  the  morning  of 
Jan.  29,  1781.  On  July  2  (the  day  before  the 
Sessions),  they,  with  three  other  fellows,  made 
their  escape  from  Newgate  about  eight  o'clock, 
having  been  aided  by  the  wives  of  the  Westons, 
who  left  the  gaol  about  half-past  seven.  George 
however  was  retaken  in  Smithfield,  and  Joseph  in 
Cock  Lane,  by  John  Davis,  a  porter,  who  was 
passing,  and  who  was  wounded  in  the  cheek  by 
a  pistol  fired  by  Joseph.  They  were  both  ar- 
raigned on  July  6  for  the  mail  robbery,  and 
acquitted  :  but  were  again  tried  and  convicted  on 
the  same  day :  George  for  forging  an  endorse- 
ment on  a  Bank-post  bill  of  "  John  Ward,  at  the 
*  Dun  Horse,'  in  the  borough  or  German  town  of 
Norfolk;"  the  bill  having  been  sent  from  Bristol 
on  Jan.  27,  1781,  by  the  mail,  and  passed  to 
William  Lee,  a  haberdasher  at  Hackney :  and 
Joseph,  under  the  Black  Act,  for  firing  the  pistol 
at  Davis.  They  were  identified  as  the  Westons 
by  a  witness  from  Draycott,  Staffordshire,  who 
had  known  them  from  their  birth  as  sons  of  a 
farmer  named  George  Weston.  They  were  exe- 
cuted at  Tyburn  on  Sept.  3,  1782  :  and  the  Gent. 
Mag.,  p.  431.,  contains  a  full  account  of  their 
penitential  behaviour  at  the  execution,  and  the 
proper  way  in  which  they  received  the  consola- 
tions of  their  faith.  The  Mag.  had  before  (p.  353.) 
described  them  as  "  two  of  the  most  artful  villains 
that  have  appeared  at  any  time  in  this  country, 
and  have  robbed  the  country  of  an  immense  sum." 
WM.  DURRANT  COOPER. 


prehended  and  tried  (1782)  on  the  charge  of  rob- 
bing the  Bristol  mail  near  Cranford  Bridge,  in 
December,  1780;  but  the  driver  being  dead,  they 
were  for  want  of  evidence  acquitted. 

George  Weston  was  then  tried  separately  for  a 
forgery :  the  indictment  charging  him  with  hav- 
ing forged  the  name  of  John  Ward,  of  the  "  Dun 
Horse,"  in  the  borough,  on  a  Bank-post  bill.  He 
was  found  guilty,  and  sentenced  to  death. 

Joseph  Watson  was  next  indicted  under  the 
9  Geo.  I.  c.  22.,  usually  called  the  "  Waltham 
Black  Act,"  for  shooting  at  a  man  with  a  pistol; 
and  the  evidence  given  was  as  follows  : 

"  John  Owen,  one  of  the  turnkeys  of  Newgate,  swore 
that  the  prisoner,  his  brother  George,  and  one  Lupierre, 
forced  out  of  the  prison ;  and  he  pursued  and  called  '  Stop 
thief ! '  John  Davis,  in  Cock  Lane,  endeavoured  to  stop 
the  prisoner,  who  threatened  to  shoot  him ;  and  discharged 
a  pistol,  which  wounded  him  in  the  neck  as  he  turned  his 
head  aside  to  avoid  it.  He  held  Weston,  however,  until 
he  was  secured,"  &c. 

The  jury  found  him  guilty,  and  sentence  of  death 
was  passed.  Since  the  robbery  of  the  mail,  both 
the  brothers  had  lived  in  various  parts  of  the 
country  in  great  style  and  elegance,  having  ser- 
vants in  livery,  horses,  &c. ;  and  were  considered 
by  their  neighbours  to  be  men  of  fortune.  They 
were  executed  at  Tyburn  with  four  other  "  unfor- 
tunate malefactors." 

There  is  a  whole-length  print  of  them  taken 
from  the  life,  and  engraved  by  E.  D.  Archery, 
1782;  and  also  two  half-lengths,  published  by 
W.  Turner,  Snow  Hill,  London,  Aug.  8,  1782. 

T.  H.  W. 


Your  correspondent  T.  G.  L.  is  mistaken  as  to 
the  offence  for  which  Joseph  Weston  was  executed. 
The  two  brothers,  Joseph  and  George,  were  ap- 


to 

Pedigree  to  the  Time  of  Alfred  (Vol.  ix.  pas- 
sim). —  An  interesting  sketch  of  the  Wapshott 
family  may  be  found  in  Mrs.  C.  Hall's  Pilgrimage 
to  English  Shrines,  art.  "  Chertsey  and  its  Neigh- 
bourhood." T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

"  EmsdorflFs  Fame  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  103.).  —  This 
song  will  be  found  in  the  Vocal  Library,  p.  352., 
No.  323.,  published  by  Sir  R.  Phillips  &  Co.  in 
the  year  1821,  and  is  there  stated  to  be  written 
by  Captain  James,  who  appears  to  have  composed 
several  other  military  songs.  AGMOND. 

Louis  de  Beanfort  (Vol.  x.,  p.  101.).  —  Your 
correspondent  L.,  referring  to  Louis  de  Beaufort's 
work,  Dissertation  sur  Tincertitnde  des  cinq  pre- 
miers siecles  de  Thistoire  romaine,  mentions  a  se- 
cond edition  of  it  as  having  been  published  at  the 
Hague  in  1750;  and  says  he  has  never  been  able 
to  see  a  copy  of  that  second  edition.  It  would 
seem,  however,  from  Querard's  France  Litteraire, 
vol.  i.  p.  236.,  that  the  second  edition  was  pub- 
lished at  Utrecht  in  1752,  two  vols.  in  12mo. 


Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


Querard  quotes  a  third  work,  Histoire  de  Cesar- 
Germanicus,  published  by  De  Beaufort  in  1741, 
tinder  the  initials  "M.  L.  de  B.,"  and  adds, 
"  Beaufort  a  eu  part  a  une  traduction  de  la  Bib- 
liotheque  britannique,  La  Haye,  1733-47,"  which 
is  an  earlier  publication,  by  five  years,  than  his 
Dissertation  on  the  Roman  history. 

HENRY  H.  BEEEN. 
St.  Lucia. 

Genoa  Register  (Vol.  x.,  p.  289.)-  —  I  know  of 
DO  place  where  to  search  for  a  burial  at  Genoa  in 
1790.  The  foreign  registers  at  the  Bishop  of 
London's  office  do  not  comprise  any  from  Genoa, 
nor  indeed  any  so  early  as  1790,  with  the  exception 
of  those  from  Moscow,  Oporto,  and  Lisbon,  which 
commence  respectively  1706,  1716,  and  1721. 

J.  S.  BURN. 

Bishop,  Reference  to  (Vol.  x.,  p.  306.).— The 
•writer  of  Cautions  for  the  Times,  who  evidently 
lives  on  Doubts  and  Difficulties,  was  no  doubt  re- 
ferring to  a  story  about  Bishop  Butler,  whose 
baptism  and  ordination  were  questioned,  merely 
because  he  was  born  of  dissenting  parents,  and  ill- 
informed  people  did  not  know  where  to  find  the 
register  in  either  case.  A  few  years  ago  the  Rev. 
Walter  Blunt  set  both  doubts  at  rest.  Though 
the  baptismal  register  of  the  parish  where  he  was 
born  has  been  mutilated,  in  order,  it  would  seem, 
to  make  the  doubt,  a  perfect  manuscript  exists  in 
the  diocesan  register-office.  As  to  his  ordination, 
a  record  of  that  exists  in  the  handwriting  of  the 
prelate  who  ordained  him,  and  who  held  a  special 
ordination  for  that  sole  purpose.  W.  DENTON. 

Welkin,  Maslin  (Vol.  x.,  p.  182.).  —  A  welkin 
is  a  tripod  (usually  iron)  pot,  similar  to  the 
melting  vessel  used  by  pipe-layers.  I  hear  that 
this  description  of  utensil  is  or  was  employed  in 
the  low  countries  (Lincolnshire,  &c.)  on  account 
of  the  scarcity  of  coal,  for  baking  cakes  or  po- 
tatoes, the  method  adopted  being  to  place  the  pot 
on  a  previously  heated  hearth,  and  to  rake  the 
embers  round  it.  There  were  cast  with  each  two 
nose-like  projections,  to  which  was  attached  a 
handle,  like  that  of  a  bucket. 

An  old  brazier  informs  me  that  three-legged 
pots  made  of  the  same  metal  as  tops,  generally 
called  bell-metal,  were  formerly  known  as  maslin 
pots,  or  maslins.  FURVUS. 

Books  chained  in  Churches  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  93. 
206.  273.  328.;  Vol.  x.,  p.  174.).— As  several  notes 
have  appeared  in  your  pages  on  this  usage,  I  send 
the  following  extract  from  the  Testamenta  Vetusta, 
which,  whilst  it  is  an  instance  of  the  presence  of 
secular  books  in  churches,  carries  back  the  custom 
to  an  earlier  period  than  the  Reformation,  and 
will  serve  to  show  that  "  the  authority  for  this 
ancient  custom"  could  not  have  been  "  an  act  of 


convocation  which  assembled  in  1562,"  which  did 
but  sanction  the  use  of  certain  books,  and  not  au- 
thorise the  custom  itself.  It  would  no  doubt  be 
easy  to  trace  the  usage  much  farther  back  : 

"  I  wiill  and  bequeth  to  the  Abbot  and  convent  of 
Hales- Oweyn,  a  boke  of  myn,  called  Catholicon,  to  theyr 
own  use  for  ever;  and  another  boke  of  myn,  wherein  is 
cental  gned  the  '  Constitutions  Provincial,'  and  '  De  Gestis 
Romanorum,'  and  other  treatis  therein,  which  I  wull  be 
laid  and  bounded  with  an  yron  chayn,  in  som  convenient 
parte  within  the  saide  church,  at  my  costs,  so  that  all 
preests  and  others  may  se  and  rede  it  whenne  it  pleasith 
them.  .  .  .  Also  1  bequeth  a  boke  called  Fasciculus 
Morum  to  the  church  at  Enfield ;  also  I  beqneth  a  boke 
called  Medulla  Grammatica  to  the  church  of  King's 
Norton."—  Will  of  Sir  Thomas  Lyttleton,  1481. 

I  speak  from  memory,  but  I  believe  that  a  good 
copy  of  the  original  edition  of  the  authorised 
version  of  the  Bible  is  still  attached  to  a  chain  at 
Cumnor,  near  Oxford  ;  and  that  in  one  of  the 
churches  at  Abingdon  will  be  found  in  a  side 
chapel  the  remains  of  some  half  dozen  volumes  at 
least  of  works  similarly  chained.  W.  DENTON. 

The  Seven  Senses  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  233. ;  Vol.  v., 
p.  521.).- 

"  They  received  the  use  of  the  Jive  operations  of  the 
Lord,  and  in  the  sixth  place  He  imparted  them  under- 
standing, and  in  the  seventh  speech,  an  interpreter  of  the 
cogitations  thereof.  —  Ecclesiasticus  xvii.  5. 

WIIXIAM  FRASER,  B.  C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

Good  Times  for  Equity  Suitors  (Vol.  x., 
p.  173.).  —  The  following  is,  I  believe,  the  true 
story.  When  Sir  T.  More  was  promoted  to  the 
office  of  Lord  Chancellor,  Chancery  was  clogged 
with  suits,  some  of  which  had  been  of  nearly 
twenty  years'  standing ;  but  at  the  end  of  his 
second  year  not  one  was  pending.  His  successor, 
Sir  Thomas  Audley,  was  far  from  being  a  man  of 
such  dispatch,  which  gave  rise  to  the  following 
lines  : 

"  When  More  two  years  had  chancellor  been, 

No  more  suits  did  remain  ; 
The  same  shall  never  more  be  seen, 
.'Till  More  be  there  again." 

CLERICUS  (D.) 

Simmels  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  322.).  —  Simnels,  not 
simmels,  is  the  correct  name  of  a  sort  of  cake  con- 
sidered as  a  delicacy  by  our  ancestors.  In  the 
island  of  Jersey  the  name  is  still  applied  to  a  kind 
of  thin  biscuit  made  of  the  finest  wheaten  flour 
and  water;  the  paste  is,  I  believe,  at  first  par- 
boiled, and  after  having  been  glazed  with  white 
of  egg,  baked  in  the  oven.  The  impostor  Lambert 
Simnel,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  is  said  to  have 
been  the  son  of  a  baker  of  Oxford.  Did.he  derive 
his  name  from  his  skill  in  making  this  particular 
delicacy,  or  did  it  derive  its  appellation  from 
him  ?  HONOKE  DE  MAREVUXE. 

Guernsey. 


394 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


The  Lord  of  Vryhouven's  Legacies  (Vol.  x., 
p.  307.).  —  During  my  residence  in  London  be- 
tween 1790  and  1800,  I  well  remember  an  anec- 
dote in  circulation  respecting  this  personage.  He 
lodge/1  in  Windmill  Street,  Piccadilly,  or  some 
obscure  place  in  that  neighbourhood.  Among  the 
few  acquaintances  who  visited  him  was  the  late 
General  Arabin.  After  the  baron's  decease,  his 
landlady,  in  sweeping  out  his  apartment,  found  a 
piece  of  an  old  newspaper,  on  which  was  written  a 
legacy  to  herself,  of  small  amount  in  comparison 
with  one  he  had  bequeathed  of  20,OOOZ.  to  General 
Arabin.  The  landlady  prudently  placed  the  do- 
cument in  the  hands  of  the  general,  who  had  the 
means  of  substantiating  the  legacies  by  proving 
the  handwriting  of  the  testator,  in  which  he  suc- 
ceeded ;  and  doubtless  this  singular  document  is 
now  deposited  in  the  muniment  rooms  of  Doctors' 
Commons.  J.  M.  G. 

.  Worcester. 

Brass  in  Boxford  Church  (Vol.  x.,  p.  306.).  — 
W.  T.  T.  is  informed  that  "Natus  Septima  22  "  is 
an  abbreviation  of  "  Natus  Septimanas  22,"  and 
means  "  aged  22  weeks,"  in  accordance  with  a 
well-known  idiom  of  the  Latin  language  ;  so  that 
the  figures  22,  instead  of  making  the  inscription 
unintelligible,  are  absolutely  necessary  to  com- 
plete the  sense.  J.  EASTWOOD. 
Corbridge,  Northumberland. 

Great  Events  from  little  Causes  (Vol.  x., 
pp.  202.  294.).  —  Of  all  cases,  says  Dr.  South,  in 
which  little  casualties  produce  great  and  strange 
effects,  the  chief  is  in  war,  upon  the  issues  of 
which  hangs  the  fortune  of  states  and  kingdoms  ; 
and  Cajsar,  he  adds,  tells  us  the  power  of  chance 
in  the  third  book  of  his  Commentaries  "  De  Bello 
Civili : " 

"Fortuna  quae  plurimum  potest,  cum  in  aliia  rebus, 
turn  prascipue  in  bello,  in  parvis  momentis  magnus  rerum 
mutationes  efficit." 

Dr.  South  produces  several  instances  from  ancient 
history,  with  reference  to  Alexander,  Romulus, 
Hannibal,  &c. ;  and,  in  regard  to  later  times,  ad- 
verts to  the  success  which,  in  very  high  proba- 
bility of  reason,  might  have  attended  the  king's 
forces  during  the  parliamentary  wars,  had  it  not 
sometimes  been  at  an  even  cast,  whether  they 
should  march  this  way  or  that.  See  his  sermon 
preached  at  Westminster  Abbey,  Feb.  22,  1684- 
85,  on  "  All  contingencies  under  the  direction  of 
God's  Providence."  N.  L.  T. 

Perhaps  there  never  was  an  example  more  pat 
than  that  quoted  by  Franklin  in  Poor  Richard's 
Almanac  (printed  at  Philadelphia,  1758)  : 

"And  again  he  adviseth  to  circumspection  and  care 
even  in  the  smallest  matters,  because  sometimes  'A  little 
neglect  may  breed  great  mischief,'  adding,  '  For  want  of 
a  nail  the  shoe  was  lost ;  for  want  of  a  shoe  the  horse 


was  lost ;  and  for  want  of  a  horse  the  rider  was  lost ; ' 
being  overtaken  and  slain  by  the  enemy,  all  for  want  of 
care  about  a  horse-shoe  nail." 

As  also  to  the  fine  illustration  of  St.  James 
(chap.  iii.  v.  5.)  in  respect  to  the  government  of 
the  tongue,  "  Behold  how  great  a  matter  a  little 
fire  kindleth."  G.  1ST. 

Confusion  of  Authors  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  637.).  — 
MR.  WARDEN  points  out  an  error  in  Riley's 
Hoveden,  where  "a  well-known  passage  from 
Horace  is  ascribed  to  Juvenal."  Not  having 
access  to  the  book,  I  do  not  know  what  that  pas- 
sage is ;  but  a  precisely  similar  mistake  is  made 
by  an  accomplished  scholar,  the  late  Mr.  Barham, 
in  the  Ingoldsby  Legends  : 

"  We  must  all  be  aware,  Nature's  prone  to  rebel,  as 
Old  Juvenal  tells  us,  '  Naturam  expellas, 
Tamen  usque  recurrat,' 
There's  no  making  her  rat ! " 

Read  "old  Horace  informs  us  ;"  and  see  Hor., 
Ep.  i.  10.  24. : 

"  Naturam  expelles  furca,  tamen  usque  recurred" 

W.  T.  M. 
Hong  Kong. 

Burial  in  unconsecrated  Places  (Vol.  x.,  p.  233.). 
—  I  recently  heard  of  a  person  who  owned  much 
property  at  Restalrig,  near  Edinburgh,  ordering 
by  his  will  that  he  should  be  interred  in  a  potato 
field,  1  fifty  feet'Jaelow  the  surface,  and  that  be 
should  be  conveyed  to  this  singular  place  of  burial 
in  a  cart  drawn  by  four  horses,  and  attended  by 
his  domestics  only.  These  injunctions,  I  believe, 
were  strictly  adhered  to.  I  also  heard  that  he 
left  a  large  sum  to  erect  a  monument,  but  I  am 
not  aware  that  this  request  has  yet  been  complied 
with.  a  ARCH.  WEIB. 

I  had  occasion  lately  to  make  some  inquiry 
into  the  history  of  my  family,  when  I  discovered 
that,  some  two  centuries  ago,  they  were  in  the 
habit  of  burying  their  dead  in  their  own  orchard, 
at  Dunham  in  Cheshire ;  and  though  the  estate 
has  passed  from  the  family  considerably  more  than 
half  a  century  ago,  it  is  called  Neild's  Orchard  to 
this  day.  The  last  of  the  name  who  possessed  the 
estate  in  question,  was  James  Neild,  the  philan- 
thropist, of  Cheyne  Walk,  Chelsea,  who,  like 
Howard,  devoted  a  great  portion  of  his  life  to 
visiting  prisons,  and  ameliorating  the  condition  of 
the  inmates.  See  his  work  on  Prisons,  published 
in  1812.  On  the  death  of  his  mother  in  1786,  he 
sold  the  estate  at  Dunham,  and  the  purchaser, 
not  having  much  regard  for  the  repose  of  the 
dead,  removed  the  gravestones,  dug  up  the  or- 
chard, and  scattered  the  bones  about.  They  were 
carefully  collected  by  another  of  the  name,  re- 
siding in  the  neighbourhood,  who  reburied  them 
in  his  own  garden,  and  reverently  placed  the 
gravestones  over  them,  where  they  now  remain. 


Nov.  11.1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


I  copied  the  inscriptions  on  two  of  them,  which 
are  as  follow.     On  one,  — 

« Elizabeth  Neild,  buried  Dec.  5,  1670.  Buried  here 
since  two  Daurs." 

On  the  other,  — 

"  Here  lieth  the  body  of  John  Neild,  Bachelor,  who  de- 
parted this  life  the  28th  day  of  December,  1702,  in  the 
71st  year  of  his  age,  leaving  the  interest  of  oQL  to  the 
highways  of  Dunham  Massey  for  ever." 

The  above-named  James  Neild  was  the  father 
of  John  Camden  Neild,  who  died  about  two  years 
ago,  leaving  an  immense  amount  of  property  to 
the  Queen.  H.  I.  N. 

Kensington. 

Apparent  Magnitude  (Vol.  x.,  p.  243.).  —  The 
difficulty  is  that  the  author  says,  or  seems  to  say, 
that  though  the  sun  and  moon  appear  larger,  they 
have  not  a  larger  apparent  magnitude.  The  word 
apparent  is  here  a  technical  term,  which  should 
not  have  been  used  in  connexion  with  its  verb. 
The  apparent  diameter  of  a  heavenly  body  is  the 
angle  under  which  it  is  seen,  as  distinguished  from 
its  real  diameter,  which  is  of  course  a  length.  The 
author  means  to  say  that  though  the  sun  and 
moon  seem  larger  to  the  unassisted  eye,  their 
angular  diameters,  when  measured,  are  not  found 
to  be  larger  than  usual.  M. 

Motto  of  the  Thompsons  of  Yorkshire  (Vol.  x., 
p.  244.).  —  In  reference  to  a  Query  by  ONE  OF 
TOUR  SUBSCRIBERS  respecting  the  origin  of  the 
Thompsons  of  Yorkshire,  and  their  motto,  "  Je 
veux  de  bonne  guerre,"  I  rather  think  he  is  la- 
bouring under  some  misapprehension.  There  was 
an  ancient  family  of  Thompson,  of  the  county  of 
Lincoln,  who  had  resided  in  that  county  for  many 
generations,  and  established  the  descent  from 
Richard  Thompson  of  Laxton,  or  Claxton,  in  co. 
York,  who  was  usher  to  King  Henry  IV.,  and  a 
descendant  of  which  family  purchased  the  manor, 
&c.,  of  Thompson  in  Norfolk,  and  claimed  his 
earlier  descent  from  one  Thompson  of  Tyne- 
mouth  Castle  in  co.  Northumberland,  whose  an- 
cestors came  from  Thompson  in  Norfolk,  but  no 
pedigree  or  proof  was  shown.  But  the  arms  of 
that  family  are  entirely  different  to  those  of 
Yorkshire,  viz.  B.  a  lion  pass.  gard.  or ;  Crest,  on 
a  mount  vert,  a  lion  ramp.  or. 

The  Yorkshire  family  to  which  your  corre- 
spondent refers  claimed  the  descent  from  James 
Thompson  of  Thornton,  in  Pickering  Lithe,  who 
married  Eleanor,  daughter  of  James  Philips  of 
Brignal,  near  Richmond,  about  1505,  and  had  by 
her  two  sons,  Richard  and  Henry,  and  two 
daughters. 

The  second  son,  Henry  Thompson,  was  a  mer- 
chant in  London  ;  but  owing  to  the  disputes  be- 
tween France  and  England,  he,  like  many  other 
young  men  of  spirit,  took  up  arms,  and  joined  the 


troops  of  Henry  VIII.,  who  afterwards  besieged 
and  took  Boulogne,  and  there  so  much  distin- 

fuished  himself  as  to  attract  the  notice  of  the 
ing. 

Edward  VI.,  in  the  first  year  of  his  reign, 
A.D.  1559,  granted  the  arms  and  crest,  to'  this 
Henry  Thompson,  which  is  still  worn  by  his  de- 
scendants, as  appears  by  Heraldical  Visitations  in, 
1584,  &c. 

Neither  the  father,  nor  the  elder  brother,  Ri- 
chard Thompson,  who  was  justice  of  the  peace 
temp.  Elizabeth,  ever  wore  arms.  The  motto  to 
which  your  correspondent  refers  was  probably 
chosen  by  some  of  the  descendants  of  the  same 
Henry  Thompson,  in  reference  to  his  military 
prowess  at  Boulogne,  and  perhaps  that  circum- 
stance may  give  the  explanation  your  correspon- 
dent requires.  CHAHTBUHH. 

Somersetshire  Folk  Lore  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  536.).  — 
The  custom  of  placing  salt  on  the  chest  of  a 
corpse  when  laid  out  is  not  peculiar  to  Somerset- 
shire, but  of  general  practice,  more  especially  in 
Ireland.  MR.  DOUCE  alludes  to  it  as  being  par- 
ticularly retained  in  Leicestershire,  and  says  that 
the  intention  is  to  hinder  air  from  getting  into  the 
body  and  distending  it,  so  as  to  occasion  bursting 
or  inconvenience  in  closing  the  coffin.  But  Dr. 
Campbell  agrees  in  the  remark  of  Moresin,  that 
salt  not  being  liable  to  putrefaction,  and  pre- 
serving things  seasoned  with  it  from  decay,  was 
the  emblem  of  eternity  and  immortality,  and  for 
such  reason  anciently  used  in  the  manner  above 
mentioned.  The  superstitious,  however,  regard 
it  as  the  means  of  frightening  away  evil  spirits,  to 
whom  salt  is  considered  by  them  abhorrent,  as  a 
symbol  of  eternity,  and  as  having  been  used  by 
divine  commandment  to  all  sacrifices.  Herrick, 
in  his  Hesperides,  thus  addresses  Perilla  : 

"  Per.  Dead  when  I  am,  first  cast  in  salt,  and  bring 
Part  of  the  creame  for  that  religious  spring,  &c. 
Then  shall  my  ghost  not  walk  about,  but  keep 
Still  iu  the  cold  and  silent  shades  of  sleep." 

K  L.  T. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Mr.  Riddle,  an  accomplished  scholar  and  sound  church- 
man, believing  that  there  existed  on  the  part  of  practical 
men  a  want  of  competent  and  satisfactory  information  as 
to  the  stealthy  and  gradual  advances  of  Romish  ag- 
gression, and  what  were  from  time  to  time  its  ways  and 
methods  of  progress,  its  lets  and  hindrances,  —  and  on 
the  part  of  politicians  and  men  of  business,  a  desire  to  be 
put  in  possession  of  the  plain  facts  of  the  papal  history, 
narrated  with  clearness  of  style  and  the  utmost  possible 
brevity,  consistent  with  a  perpetual  reference  to  authori- 
ties,— -has  endeavoured,  and  that  most  successfully,  to  sup- 
ply such  want  in  his  recently-published  History  of  the  Pa- 
pacy to  the  Period  of  the  Reformation.  In  these  two  vols., 


396 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


based  in  some  measure  on  the  great  works  of  Schrock  and 
Plank,  Mr.  Riddle  has  given  "  a  plain  but  sufficient  ac- 
count of  those  events  and  circumstances  which,  under 
Divine  permission,  contributed  to  place  or  maintain  eccle- 
siastical Rome  in  the  position  which  she  occupied  with 
relation  to  European  society  and  governments,  during  the 
growth  of  her  power,  and  at  the  period  of  its  height :  " 
and  by  making  his  work  a  political  history,  and  not  a 
theological  one,  he  has  added  greatly  to  its  interest  and 
made  it  what  he  wished,  one  well  calculated  for  popular 
reading. 

The  good  report  which  we  made  of  the  first  volume  of 
Mr.  Peter  Cunningham's  excellent  edition  of  Johnson's 
Lives  of  the  Poets,  is  fully  justified  by  the  second,  which 
is  just  as  rich  in  its  "Notes,  corrective  and  explanatory," 
as  the  first.  Gay  appears  to  be  an  especial  favourite  of 
the  editor;  and  the  numerous  additions  which,  in  the 
unassuming  shape  of  notes,  he  has  made  to  Johnson's 
biography  of  him,  are  among  the  most  interesting  and 
valuable  of  his  contributions  to  a  work  which  -will  cer- 
taJnly  prove  one  of  the  most  important  of  Mr.  Murray's 
series  of  British  Classics. 

In  adding  to  his  Antiquarian  Library  a  one-volume 
edition  of  The  Travels  of  Marco  Polo,  the  Venetian ;  the 
Translation  of  Marsden  revised,  loith  a  Selection  of  his 
jVbtes,  by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Mr.  Bohn  has 
done  much  to  increase  the  value  as  well  as  to  give  variety 
to  the  collection.  The  popularity  of  these  Travels  has 
been  European;  and  in  the  present  edition,  judiciously 
entrusted  to  Mr.  Wright,  whose  acquaintance  with  me- 
diaeval literature  peculiarly  fit  him  for  its  superintendence, 
advantage  has  been  taken  of  several  critical  editions 
which  have  appeared  since  Marsden's  time.  The  present 
may  therefore  well  be  considered  the  best  as  well  as  the 
cheapest  English  edition  of  Marco  Polo. 

The  admirers  of  Milton  will  be  glad  to  learn  that  Mr. 
Keightley  is  about  to  print  his  long -projected  "Account 
of  the  Life,  Opinions,  and  Writings  of  John  Milton,  with 
an  Introduction  to  Paradise  Lost." 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  The  Inner  Life  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  bv  J.  N.  Spellen,  a  reprint  from  the  Illustrated 
London  News  of  a  well-arranged  notice  of  the  House,  its 
forms  of  procedure,  &c.  —  The  Poetical  Works  of  Edmund 
Waller,  edited  by  Robert  Bell.  This  reprint  of  the  writings 
of  the  fruitless  suitor  of  Saccharis«a  is  a  pleasant  contri- 
bution to  the  Annotated  Edition  of  the  British  Poets.  — 
Chesterfield  and  Selwyn,  by  A.  Hayward.  These  chatty 
articles,  which  originally  appeared  in  the  Edinburgh 
Review,  form  the  new  number  of  Longman's  Traveller's 
Library, 


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to 


We  hope  Otis  week  been  compelled  to  omit  our  usual  PHOTOGRAPHIC 

THE  DI'NCIAD.  E.  C.  is  thanked,  and  informed  that  copies  may  be  for- 
warded b>i  Po*t.  if  left  open  at  the  ends,  and  the,  amount  of  postage  \6d. 
for  under  sixteen  ounces)  be  prepaid  bii  affixing  postage  stamps.  An 
udnro  &>/>;/  trill  not  rout  above  W.  fo  to  transmit,  or  a  quarto  above  one 
fhillim:.  —  J.  C.  (Falmouthl.  B.  H.  C.  We  shall  be  glad  to  fee  flie  cofies 
referred  to  in  your  recent  communications.  Those  sent  b;/  P.  T.  P.  and 
b>i  THE  WRITER.  *c.,  harr  been  duly  received.  The  desire  expressed  by 
the  latter  shall  be  attended  to. 

G.  (  Baruml.  The  Query  does  not  appear  to  have  reached  vs.  The  hint 
isreceh-ed  with  thanks. 

E.  H.  (Lpef's).  We  have  reason  to  believe  that  the  gentleman  in  ques- 
tion is  still  living,  but  abroad. 

J.  W.  F.  (LiverporlX  Would  you  object  to  submit  the,  nutofrraph  in 
rnu-st'on  to  the  ina/in-Hon  of  some  competent  authority,  saij  Sir  Frederick 
Madden,  of  the  British  Museum? 

J.  P.  We  cannot  find  any  English  translation  o/Epistolse  Obscuro- 
rum  Virorum. 

ERRATUM.  _  The  initials  to  the  article  on  Raleigh  and  his  Descendants 
tn  our  last  dumber,  p.  374.,  should  be  L.  H.  J.  T. 

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Nov.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


THE  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGA- 
ZINE AND  HISTORICAL  REVIEW 
FOR  NOVEMBER  contains  the  fallowing 
articles:  — 1.  Memoirs  of  Celebrated  Charac- 
ters, by  Alphonse  de  Lamartiiie.  i  A  Chapter 
in  the  7  ife  (  f  the  Earl  of  Strafford  :  the  Case 
of  Sir  Piers  Crosbie,  Bart.  By  the  Rev.  A.  B. 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  263. 


THE  CORPORATION  OF 

THE    SCOTTISH    PROVIDENT    INSTITUTION 

FOR  MUTUAL  LIFE  ASSURANCE  BY  MODERATE  PREMIUMS. 

ESTABLISHED  1837.    INCORPORATED  BY  SPECIAL  ACT  OF  PARLIAMENT. 

TRUSTEES. 
SIR  WILLIAM  JOHNSTON  of  KirkhiU. 


CHARLES  COWAN,  ESQ.,  M.P. 

JOHN  MASTERMAN,  JUN.,  ESQ.,  London. 


WM.  CAMPBELL,  ESQ.,  of  Tilliehewan. 
JAMES  PEDDIE,  ESQ.,  W.  S. 


HEAD  OFFICE,  14.  St.  Andrew  Square,  Edinburgh.  -  LONDON  BRANCH,  66.  Gracechurch  Street. 


THE  SCOTTISH  PROVIDENT  INSTITUTION  is  the  only  Office  in  which  the  advantages  of  Mutual  Assurance  can  be  obtained  at 
moderate  Premiums.  The  Assured  are  at  the  same  time  specially  exempt  from  personal  liability. 

In  many  Offices  (including  even  some  of  the  older  Mutual  Offic3»),  Assurers  are  offered  the  choice  of  a  moderate  scale  of  Premiums,  without 
any  claim  to  share  in  the  Profits  —  or  of  arizht  to  particioate  in  these,  at  an  excessive  rate  of  Premium.  Assurers  with  the  SCOTTISH  PROVI- 
DENT INSTITUTION  are  the  sole  recipients  of  the  Profits,  and  at  rates  of  Premium  equally  moderate  with  those  of  the  Won- Participating 
Scale  of  other  Offices. 

The  principle  on  which  the  Profits  are  divided  is  at  once  safe,  equitable,  and  favourable  to  good  lives  —  the  Surplus  being  reserved  for  those 
Members  who  alone  can  have  made  Surplus  Payments  ;  in  other  words,  for  those  whose  premiums,  with  accumulated  interest,  amount  to  the  sums 
in  their  policies. 

At  the  first  division  of  Surplus,  as  at  31st  December,  1852,  Bonus  Additions  were  made  to  Policies  which  had  come  within  the  participating 
class,  varying  from  20  to  54  per  cent,  on  their  amount. 

In  all  points  of  practice  —  as  In  provision  for  the  indefeasibility  of  Policies,  facility  of  licence  for  travelling  or  residence  abroad,  and  of  ob- 
taining advances  on  the  value  of  the  Policies  —  the  Regulations  of  the  Society,  as  well  as  the  administration,  are  as  liberal  as  is  consistent  with 
right  principle. 


Specimens  of  Premiums 

For  Life,  and  for  21  Years,  to  assure  100!.  with  Whole  Profits  at  Death. 


Age. 

Payable 
for  whole  of 
Life. 

Payable 
for 
21  Years. 

Age. 

Payable 
for  whole  of 
Life. 

Payable 
for 
21  Years. 

20 
22 
24 
26 
28 
30 
32 

£   *.  d. 
15    8 
16    9 
17    7 
IB    6 
19  11 
2     1    6 
235 

£  s.  d. 
2    9  11 
2  11     0 
2  12     1 
2  13    0 
2  14     1 
2  15    4 
2  17    1 

34 
36 
38 
40 
42 
44 
46 

£  s.  d. 
257 
282 
2  'I    3 
2  14    9 
2  18    8 

385 

£   s.   d. 
2  19    0 
3     1     5 
343 
375 
3  11    1 
3  15    3 
400 

Investment  and  Family  Provision. 

At  present,  when  interest  is  so  low,  attention  is  invited  to  the  mode 
of  LIFB  ASSURANCE  BT  SINGLE  PAYMENTS,  and  to  the  peculiarly  ad- 
vantageous terms  on  which  it  can  be  effected  in  the 

Scottish  Provident  Institution. 

By  this  mode  a  person  may  Assure  a  Policy  for  1,0007. :  — 

If  aged  30,  for  a  Single  Payment  of  £362    o    0 

Aged     40    428    7    6 

Aged     50    534  16    8 

At  his  death,  his  family  will  receive  the  l.onoif.  with  additions  from  the 
profits  on  the  very  favourable  principle  of  this  .Society.    While  he  lives, 


he  has  it  in  his  power  to  borrow  a  sum,  nearly  equal  to_  his  payment,  on 
the  security  of  the  Policy,  and  increasing  yearly  with  its  value,  without 
any  expense,  and  at  a  moderate  rate  of  interest. 

As«urances  may  be  effected  in  this  way,  varying  in  amount  from  502. 
to  5,0002. 

Provision  for  Advanced  Age. 

To  Clergymen,  or  other  Professional  Men,  and  to  all  whose  income 
isdenerdent  on  the  continuance  of  health,  the  Directors  recommend 
attention  to  the  Scale  of  DEFERRED  ANXCITIES  — which  are  calculated 
on  very  advantageous  terms.  The  following  are  examples  of  the 

Annual  Premium  for  Annuity  of  502.,  commencing  at  the  following 
Ages  :  — 


Age 
Entry. 

Age  at  which  Annuity  is  to  commence. 

SO 

55 

6O 

65 

21 
25 
30 
35 

£  s.    d. 
950 
12  17    1 
IS  17    1 
28  13    9 

£  S.     d. 
5  16    8 
7  18    4 
11    1    3 
16    2    1 

£  f.    d. 
3  10    0 
.4  14    2 
689 
905 

£    s.    rf. 
1   19  11 
2  12  11 
3  11    3 

4  18    4 

Thus  an  Annuity  of  502.  may  be  secured  to  a  person  now  aged  25,  to 
commence  on  his  attaining  aze  60,  and  payable  half-yearly  during  lite , 
for  an  Annual  Premium  of  42.  14s.  2d. 


For  those  who  have  still  before  them  the  duty  of  securing  for  their  families  a  competent  provision  in  case  of  their  premature  denth,  the  or- 
dinary mode  of  Life  Assurance,  by  Annua'  Premiums  pxyable  durinor  life,  or  for  a  limited  number  of  years,  is  undoubtedly  most  suitable  ;  but  to 
those  who  have  already  made  such  provision,  the  systems  now  brought  under  no' ice  are  recommended. 

***  Policies  are  now  issued  free  of  S^amp  Dntv  :  and  attention  is  invited  to  the  circumstance,  that  Premiums  payable  for  Life  Assurance 
are  now  allowed  as  a  deduction  from  income  in  the  Returns  for  Income-Tax.  Full  Reports  and  every  information  had  (free)  on  application. 

GEORGE  GRANT,  Resident  Secretary. 
London  Branch,  66.  Gracechurch  Street,  corner  of  Fenchurch  Street. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary.  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GKOROE  BELL,  of  No.  l«fi.  Fl.-pt  *t:ept.  iu  the  Pariih  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid —  Saturday,  November  11.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOB 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

M  wjien  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  264.] 


SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18.  1854. 


{Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 


Pag 


St.  Nun's  'Well,  &c. :  with  a  Notice  of 
some  Remains  of  Ancient  Well  Wor- 
ship -  -  -  -          -397 
Etymologies,  by  Thomas  Keightley       -    398 
Medical  Superstitions        -           -  -    399 
Provincial  Words,  by  Charles  AVilliams, 

&c.  .-.--    4nn 

Pedagogic  Ingenuity,  by  R.  Price          -    401 
longevity  in  the  North  Hiding  of  York- 
shire, by  Wm.  Currant  Cooper  -    40i 

.MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Thames  Water  — 
American  Female  Obesity  andFecim- 
dity —  Gorton's  "  Biozraphical  Dic- 
tionary "  —  "  Sculcoates  Gote  "  — 
Churchyard  Literature  —  D'Alton's 
"  Memoirs  of  the  Archbishops  of 
Dublin  "  _  "  Charity  begins  at  home" 

—  Voltaire  —  The  Russian  Language 

at  Oxford 401 

MINOR  QUERIES  :_"De  b<me  esse"  — 
The  African  Elephant  —  Hindoo  Folk 
Lore— Faggot-vote  —  Etiquette  Query 

—  Kyrie  Eleison  —  Saint  John  Pedi- 
gree — Weldcms  of  Cornwall  — Water- 
serpent  —  Odd  Custom  —  Froissart  — 
Legends  on  Sword-blades         -          -    403 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :- Wil- 
liam Gurnall  —  Hengrave  Church  — 
The  Messrs.  Bagster'a  Motto  —  Tin- 
dal  and  Aimet  —  Tlie  last  Days  of 
George  IV.  —  "  Of  Ceremonies,"  &c.  401 


Aonio  Paleario,  by  Rev.  C.  W.  Bingham  40G 
The  Burning  of  the  Jesuitical  Bouks,  by 

W.  Cramp  -  -  -  -  406 

"Don  Quixote,"  by  W.  B.  MacCabe  -  407 

Arms  of  Geneva  -  -  -  -  408 
Cornish  Descendants  of  the  Emperor  of 

Greece        -  -  -  -  -  409 

•  "PnoToer-Armr  COR  RFspciN-nExcE:— Pho- 
tographic Unanimity  —  Bromide  of 
Silver  —  Preserving  sensitized  Collo- 
dion Plates  -  -  -  -  410 

KKPT.IES  TO  MINOR  QPSRIFS  : —  Harlot 
—  Tarct  —  Ecclesiastical  Maps  —  Were 
Cannon  used  at  Creey  ?  —  St.  Barnabas 
_Amlrc:i  Verrarn  —  Death  and  Sleep- 
General  Prim— Herbert  Thorndike  — 
"Who  struck  George  IV.  ?  —  "  Amala- 
sont,  Queen  of  the  Goths  "  —  Double 
Christian  Names— Stone  Shot—"  Klim 
and  Maria  "  —  Longfellow  —  Artificial 
Ice —Inscriptions  on  Rclls  —  Words 
used  in  Cornwall  —  Grammars  for 
Public  Schools —  Gules,  a  Linn  ram- 
pant or  —  "  Haberdasher  "  —  The  Evil 
Eye  in  Scripture  -  "  The  arch-flat- 
terer is  a  man's  self "  —  Topham  the 
Antiquary  —  Impossibilities  of  His- 
tory, &c.  -  -  -  -  -  411 

MlSCBLLAXEOUS  t  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.  ...     415 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X.  — No.  264. 


MultiE  tcrricolis  linguaa,  coelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTEE, 
AND   SONS' 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


ESTABLISHED  1803. 

CAPITAL  :  —  ONE  MILLION  STERLING. 
All  Paid-  Up  and  Invested  in  1806. 

G  £,  O  B  E      INSURANCE, 

J.  W.  FRESHFIELD,  Esq. :  M.P. :  F.R.S.  —  Chairman. 
FOWLER  NEWSAM,  'Esq.— Deputy  Chairman. 
GEORGE  CARR  GLYN,  Esq.:  M.P — Treasurer. 

FIRE  :  LIFE  :  ANNUITIES  :  REVERSIONS. 

COBNHILL  4-  PALL  HALL  — LONDON. 
Empowered  by  Special  Acts  of  Parliament. 

T  IFE  INSURANCES  granted  from  Fifty  to  Ten  Thousand  Pounds,  at  Kates  particularly 
l_i  favourable  to  the  Younger  and  Middle  periods  of  Life. 

No  CHARGE  FOB  STAMP  DUTIES  OK  LIFE  POLICIES. 

Every  class  of  FIRE  and  LIFE  Insurance  transacted. 

MEDICAL  FEES  generally  paid. 

PROSPECTUSES,— with  Life  Tables,  on  various  plant,— may  be  had  at  the  Offices  ;  and  of  any 
of  the  Agents. 

WILLIAM  NEWMARCH, 
Secretary. 


TMPERIAL    LIFE    INSU- 

JL  RANCE  COMPANY. 

1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 
Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  HIBBERT,  ESQ.,  Chairman. 
WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Deputy- 
Chairman. 

The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  500?.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  507.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  t^rm  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —  Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750,000?.,  of  which  nearly 
140,000?.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 
On  the  31st  October,  1853,  the  sums 

Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 

amounted  to  -  -  -  -  -  £2,500,000 
The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -  800,000 
And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 

game  source,  to  109,000 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  INGALL,  Actuary. 

ENNETT'S       MODEL 

M  f  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY. 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  In  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  fi,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  18 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  truineos  :  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed, and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2J.,  31.,  and  4/.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT.  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  cf 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE, 


B 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


H.  E.  Bicknell,E«q. 
T.  8.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew.  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 


T.  Orissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbndge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  i  George  Drew,  Esq.  j 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Phyrician.  —  William  Rich.  Boshom,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 
Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100?.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits : 


Age 
17- 


£  t.  d. 

-  1   14     4 

-  1  18    8 


Age 


£  I.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10».  6<?..  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
ike.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


rFHE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 

!      RILLES,    composed   for    the   PIANO-    i 
FORTE  by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 

London  :  Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSDALE.  26.  Old  Bond 
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PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

DU  BARRY'S  DELICIOUS 
REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 
CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headache,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceache,  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  cough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  em 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  18&4.  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Balry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  o/50,000  Cures: 

Cure  No.  71.,  of  dyspepsia,  from  the  Right 
Hon.  the  Lord  Stuart  de  Decies  :  —  "I  have 
derived  considerable  benefit  from  Du  Barry's 
Re vslenta  Arabica  Fond,  and  consider  it  due 
to  yourselves  and  the  public  to  authorise  the 
publication  of  these  lines."  —  STUART  DH 
DECIES. 

Cure  No.  49,832 :— "  Fifty  years'  indescribable 
agony  from  dyspepsia,  nervousness,  asthma, 
cough,  constipatior,  flatulency,  spasms,  sick- 
ness at  the  stomach  and  vomiting,  have  been 
removed  by  Du  Barry's  excellent  food."  — 
MARIA  JOLLY,  Wortham  Ling,  near  Diss, 
Norfolk. 

Cure  No.  180:  —  "Twenty-five  years'  ner- 
vousness, constipation,  indigestion,  and  de- 
bility, from  which  I  have  suftien  d  great  misery, 
and  which  no  medicine  could  remove  or  re- 
lieve, have  been  effectually  cured  by  Du 
Barry's  Food  in  a  very  short  time."  —  W.  R. 
REEVES,  Pool  Anthony,  Tiverton. 

No.  4208.  "  Eight  years'  dyspepsia,  nervous- 
ness, debility  with  cramps,  spasms,  and  nausea, 
have  been  effectually  removed  by  Du  Barry's 
health-restoring  food.  I  shall  be  happy  to 
answer  any  inquiries,"  Rev.  JOHN  W.  FI.A- 
VFLL,  Ridlington  Rectory,  Norfolk.  — No.  81. 
"  Twenty  years'  liver  complaint,  with  dis- 
orders of  the  stomach,  bowels,  and  nerves," 
ANDREW  FRASER,  Haddingtou. 

No.  32,836.  "  Three  years'  excessive  nervous- 
ness, with  pains  in  my  neck  and  left  arm,  and 
general  debility,  which  rendered  my  life  very- 
miserable,  have  been  radically  removed  by  Du 
Barry's  health- restoring  food."— ALEXANDER 
STCART,  Archdeacon  of  Ross,  Skibcrten. 

No.  58.034.  Grammar  School.  Stevenage, 
Dec.  16,  1850  :  "  Genth  men.  We  have  found  it 
admirably  adapted  for  infants.  Our  baby  has 
never  once  had  disordered  bowels  since  taking 
it."  — R.  AMBLER. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lib.,  2«. 
9d. ;  21b.,  •)«.  6<7.  ;  511).,  1  Is. ;  121b.,22s.  ;  super- 
refined,  lib  .  6s.  ;  21b..  11s.  :  5ib.,  22s.  ;  lOlb., 
33s.  The  lOlb.  and  121b.  carriage  free,  on  post- 
office  order.  Barry.  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77. 
Regent  Street,  London ;  Fortnum,  Mason,  & 
Co  ,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
also  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street ;  330.  Strand  ;  of 
Barclay,  Edwards,  Sutton,  Sanger,  Hannay, 
Newberry,  and  may  be  ordered  through  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers,  Grocers,  and  Chemists. 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18,  1854. 


ST.    NUN'S   WELL,    ETC.  :    WITH   A   NOTICE    OF    SOME 
REMAINS    OF    ANCIENT    WELL    WORSHIP. 

On  the  western  side  of  the  beautiful  valley 
through  which  flows  the  Trelawny  river,  and  near 
Hobb's  Park,  in  the  parish  of  Pelynt,  Cornwall, 
is  St.  Nun's  or  St.  Ninnie's  "Well.  Its  position 
was,  until  very  lately,  to  be  discovered  by  the  oak 
tree  matted  with  ivy,  and  the  thicket  of  willow 
and  bramble  which  grew  upon  its  roof.  The 
front  of  the  well  is  of  a  pointed  form,  and  has  a 
rude  entrance,  about  four  feet  high,  and  spanned 
above  by  a  single  flat  stone,  which  leads  into  a 
grotto  with  an  arched  roof.  The  walls  on  the 
interior  are  draped  with  the  luxuriant  fronts  of 
spleenwort,  hart's-tongue,  and  a  rich  underco- 
vering  of  liverwort.  At  the  farther  end  of  the 
floor  is  a  round  granite  basin  with  a  deeply- 
moulded  brim,  and  ornamented  on  its  circum- 
ference with  a  series  of  rings,  each  inclosing  a 
cross  or  a  ball.  The  water  weeps  into  it  from  an 
opening  at  the  back,  and  escapes  again  by  a  hole 
in  the  bottom.  This  interesting  piece  of  antiquity 
has  been  protected  by  a  tradition  which  we  could 
almost  wish  to  attach  to  some  of  our  cromlechs  and 
circles  in  danger  of  spoliation. 

An  old  farmer  (so  runs  the  legend)  once  set  his 
eyes  upon  the  granite  basin  and  coveted  it ;  for  it 
was  not  wrong  in  his  eyes  to  convert  the  holy  font 
to  the  base  uses  of  the  pig's  sty ;  and  accordingly 
he  drove  his  oxen  and  wain  to  the  gateway  above, 
for  the  purpose  of  removing  it.  Taking  his  beasts 
to  the  entrance  of  the  well,  he  essayed  to  drag  the 
trough  from  its  ancient  bed.  For  a  long  time 
it  resisted  the  efforts  of  the  oxen,  but  at  length 
they  succeeded  in  starting  it,  and  dragged  it 
slowly  up  the  hill  side  to  where  the  wain  was 
standing.  Here,  however,  it  burst  away  from  the 
chains  which  held  it,  and  rolling  back  again  to  the 
well,  made  a  sharp  turn  and  regained  its  old  po- 
sition, where  it  has  remained  ever  since.  Nor  will 
any  one  again  attempt  its  removal,  seeing  that  the 
farmer,  who  was  previously  well  to  do  in  the 
world,  never  prospered  from  that  day  forward. 
Some  people  say,  indeed,  that  retribution  overtook 
him  on  the  spot,  the  oxen  falling  dead,  and  the 
owner  being  struck  lame  and  speechless. 

Though  the  superstitious  hinds  had  spared  the 
well,  time  and  the  storms  of  winter  had  been 
slowly  ruining  it.  The  oak  which  grew  upon  its 
roof  had,  by  its  roots,  dislodged  several  stones  of 
the  arch,  and  swaying  about  in  the  wind,  had 
shaken  down  a  large  mass  of  masonry  in  the  in- 
terior, and  the  greater  part  of  the  front.  On  its 
ruinous  condition  being  made  known  to  the  Tre- 
lawny family  (on  whose  property  it  is  situated), 


they  ordered  its  restoration,  and  the  walls  were 
replaced  after  the  original  plan. 

This  well,  and  a  small  chapel  (the  site  of  which 
is  no  longer  to  be  traced,  though  still  pointed  out 
by  the  older  tenantry)  were  dedicated,  it  is  sup- 
posed, to  St.  Nonnet  or  St.  Nun,  a  female  saint, 
who,  according  to  William  of  Worcester,  was  the 
mother  of  St.  David.  In  the  list  of  parish 
churches,  &c.,  and  the  saints  to  whom  they  are 
dedicated,  given  in  Oliver's  Monasticon,  the  name 
is  written  "  S.  Nynnina;"  in  the  Inquisitiones 
Nonarum,  A.D.  1342,  it  is  "  S.  Neomena  ; "  whilst 
in  the  rate  of  Pope  Nicholas  IV.  it  is  mentioned 
as  "  Capella  See  Niemyne."  It  is,  however,  hardly 
worth  your  valuable  space  to  trace  our  saint 
through  all  these  mazes  of  orthography.  The 
people  of  the  neighbourhood  know  the  well  by  the 
names  St.  Ninnie's,  St.  Nun's,  and  Piskies'  Well. 
It  is  probable  that  the  latter  is,  after  all,  the  older 
name,  and  that  the  guardianship  of  the  spring  was 
usurped  at  a  later  period  by  the  saint  whose  name 
it  occasionally  bears.  The  water  was  doubtless 
used  for  sacramental  purposes ;  yet  its  mystic 
properties,  if  they  were  ever  supposed  to  be  dis- 
pensed by  the  saint,  have  been  again  transferred, 
in  the  popular  belief,  to  the  piskies. 

In  the  basin  of  the  well  may  be  found  a  great 
number  of  pins,  thrown  in  by  those  who  have 
visited  it  out  of  curiosity,  or  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  virtues  of  its  waters.  I  was  anxious  to 
know  what  meaning  the  peasantry  attach  to  this 
strange  custom,  and  on  asking  a  man  at  work  near 
the  spot,  was  told  that  it  was  done  "  to  get  the 
good  will  of  the  piskies,"  who  after  the  tribute  of 
a  pin  not  only  ceased  to  mislead  them,  but  ren- 
dered fortunate  the  operations  of  husbandry. 

At  Madron  Well,  near  Penzance,  I  observed 
the  custom  of  hanging  rags  on  the  thorns  which 
grew  in  the  inclosure.  Both  customs  obtain  very 
widely,  their  original  intention  being,  no  doubt, 
to  procure  the  favour  of  the  tutelary  spirit  of  the 
fountain,  or  to  testify  gratitude  for  restored 
health. 

In  Ireland,  where  patterns  and  pilgrimages  to 
holy  wells  are  still  common,  similar  customs  are 
observed.  The  following  extract  may  be  allowed, 
as  it  serves  to  show  that  the  Irish  peasantry  en- 
tertain nearly  the  same  idea  as  our  own  respecting 
the  meaning  of  these  observances. 

Dr.  O'Connor,  in  the  third  of  his  Letters  of  Co- 
lumbanus,  addressing  his  brother,  says  : 

"  I  have  often  inquired  of  your  tenants  what  they 
themselves  thought  of  their  pilgrimages  to  the  wells  of 
Kill-Archt,  Tobbar-Brighde,  Tobbar-Muire,  near  Klphin, 
and  Moore,  near  Castlereagh,  where  multitudes  assembled 
annually  to  celebrate  what  they,  in  broken  English, 
termed  '  Patterns  '  (Patron's  days);  and  when*  I  pressed 
a  very  old  man,  Owen  Hester,  to  state  what  possible  nd- 
vantage  he  expected  to  derive  from  the  singular  custom 
of  frequenting,  in  particular,  such  old  wells  as  were  con- 
tiguous to  an  old  blasted  oak,  or  au  upright  unhewn 


398 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


stone,  and  what  the  meaning  was  of  the  yet  more  sin- 
gular custom  of  sticking  rags  on  the  branches  of  such 
tree,  and  spitting  on  them,  his  answer,  and  the  answer  of 
the  oldest  men  was,  that  their  ancestors  always  did  it ; 
that  it  was  a  preservative  against  Gaesa-Draoidacht,  i.  e. 
the  sorceries  of  the  Druids ;  that  their  cattle  were  pre- 
served by  it  from  infectious  disorders ;  that  the  daoini 
maethe,  i.  e.  the  fairies,  were  kept  in  good  humour  by  it ; 
and  so  thoroughly  persuaded  were  they  of  the  sanctity 
of  those  pagan  practices,  that  they  would  travel,  bare- 
headed and  barefooted,  from  ten  to  twenty  miles  for  the 
purpose  of  crawling  on  their  knees  round  these  wells  and 
upright  stones,  and  oak  trees,  westward  as  the  sun  travels, 
some  three  times,  some  six,  some  nine,  and  so  on  in  un- 
even numbers,  until  their  voluntary  penance  was  com- 
pletely fulfilled." 

"  Hundreds  of  votive  rags  and  bandages,"  says  Crofton 
Croker,  "  are  nailed  against  (the  cross)  and  hung  upon  it, 
by  those  whose  faith  has  made  them  whole.  Hanway, 
speaking  of  a  similar  Oriental  custom,  says  that  the  rags 
were  left  '  in  a  fond  expectation  of  leaving  their  diseases 
also  on  the  same  spot.' "  —  Travels  into  Persia,  vol.  i. 

The  practice  of  throwing  in  pins  is  observed  by 
those  who  visit  the  beautiful  Gothic  well  at  the 
foot  of  Menacuddle  Grove,  near  St.  Austle,  Corn- 
wall : 

"  On  approaching  the  margin,  each  visitor,  if  he  hoped 
for  good  luck  through  life,  was  expected  to  throw  a 
crooked  pin  into  the  water,  and  it  was  presumed  that  the 
other  pins  which  had  been  deposited  there  by  former  de- 
votees might  be  seen  rising  from  their  beds  to  meet  it 
before  it  reached  the  bottom."  —  Hitchin  and  Drew's 
History  of  Cornwall,  vol.  ii. 

In  these  customs,  as  observed  at  the  latter'well 
and  others  in  Cornwall,  we  may  notice  some  re- 
mains of  the  practice  of  hydromancy,  which  was 
probably  one  of  the  departments  of  augury  among 
the  Druids  (Borlase,  Antiq.  of  Corn.,  p.  140.). 
Intimations  of  the  future  are  given  by  the  pre- 
sence or  absence,  &c.  of  bubbles  which  may  follow 
the  dropping  of  the  pin. 

Many  of  our  Cornish  wells,  especially  those 
tinder  the  protection  of  their  saints,  have,  as  in  the 
case  of  St.  Nun's,  connected  with  them  some  tra- 
dition, intended  by  those  who  first  gave  it  cur- 
rency to  protect  their  structures  from  injury. 
The  fine  old  well  of  St.  Cleer,  its  ruined  bap- 
tistry, and  venerable  cross,  though  no  longer  the 
object  of  superstitious  regard,  have  been  so  spared, 
that  it  would  not  be  difficult  to  effect  an  almost 
entire  restoration  from  the  ruins  which  lie  scat- 
tered round.  I  learnt  from  a  native  of  the  parish 
that  some  of  the  stones  of  the  well  have  been,  at 
various  times,  carted  away  to  serve  meaner  pur- 
poses, but  that  they  have  been,  by  some  mys- 
terious agency,  brought  back  again  during  the 
night. 

The  reputed  virtues  of  Saint's  Well,  near  Pol- 
perro,  have  survived  the  entire  destruction  of  the 
edifice  which  inclosed  the  spring,  for  it  is  still 
resorted  to  by  those  afflicted  with  inflamed  eyes 
and  other  ailments,  and,  if  "ceremonies  due"  are 
done  aright,*  with  great  benefit.  It  must  be 


j  visited  on  three  mornings  before  sunrise,  fasting  ; 
I  a  relic  of  a  veritable  ceremony,  as  witnessed* 
|  Chaucer's  Pardoner  : 

"  If  that  the  goode  man  that  the  beest  oweth, 
Wol  every  wike,  er  that  the  cok  him  croweth, 
Fastynge,  drynke  of  this  welle  a  draught, 
As  thilke  holy  Jew  cure  eldres  taught, 
His  beestes,  and  his  stoor  schal  multiplie." 

Prologs  of  the  Pardoner. 

T.  Q.  C. 

Polperro,  Cornwall. 


ETYMOLOGIES. 


Etymology  is  not  much  cultivated  in  this 
country.  It  has  however  some  votaries,  to  whom 
the  following  etyma  may  prove  acceptable. 

Cobweb.  In  the  last  edition  of  The  Fairy 
Mythology  I  gave,  with  more  dogmatism  than  is 
my  wont,  a  derivation  of  this  word  which  was 
most  decidedly  erroneous.  Cob  or  cop  seems  to 
have  been  the  original  Teutonic  name  of  the 
spider.  Thus  we  have  in  Anglo-Saxon  dltorcoppa, 
venomous  spider,  a  word  still  retained  in  the  pro- 
vincial atercop,  and  the  Welsh  adargop;  and  in 
Danish,  eddergop  has  the  same  meaning.  Spinne- 
kop  is  a  spider  in  Dutch,  and  kobse  in  some  parts 
of  Germany.  As  the  Swedes  call  a  cobweb  Dver- 
genat,  and  the  Bretons  connect  it  in  a  similar 
manner  with  their  korrig,  it  is  not  impossible  that 
there  may  be  some  connexion  between  Kob  and 
Kob-old,  goblin. 

Pismire.  I  have  never  seen  any  attempt  at  a 
derivation  of  this  word  ;  so  perhaps  the  following 
may  be  received.  The  second  syllable  is  the 
name  of  the  emmet  in  a  number  of  languages. 
Thus  we  have  /nup-^,  and  for-mica  (this  last  a 
remarkable  instance  of  the  commutation  of  the 
labials  m  and  f)  ;  miiravei,  Russian  ;  maur,  Ice- 
landic ;  mire,  Ang.-Saxon  ;  myre,  myra,  Dan.  and 
Swed.  Now,  as  in  this  last  language  etter-myra, 
venomous  ant,  is  the  name  of  the  red  ant  (Formica 
rvfa),  may  we  not  suppose  that  our  ancestors 
called  this  insect  dttor-mire ;  and  that  the  Nor- 
mans thence  named  it  poison  (pr.  pysou}  mire, 
which  gradually  became  pys-mire,  pismire  ?  Or 
may  not  the  Normans  have  called  the  red  ant 
poison-mire  directly  ?  I  cannot  recollect  an  in- 
stance of  this  kind  of  translation  of  common 
words ;  but  it  was  not  unusual  in  the  names  of 
places.  Thus  Waterford  was  the  name  of  the 
town  when  the  English  invaded  Ireland,  as  we  see 
in  Giraldus  Cambrensis;  and  this  was  the  trans- 
lation of  the  Vatnfiordh  of  the  Northmen.  There 
is  a  part  of  Dublin  named  Oxmantown,  i.  e.  Ost- 
mantown ;  but  in  a  charter  of  King  John's  it  is 
called  Ostmanbye,  its  proper  Scandinavian  name. 
On  the  bay  of  Dublin  is  a  place  called  Bullock,  a 
corruption  of  Blowick,  its  name  in  the  Middle 
Ages.  I  think,  however,  that  the  original  was 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


Bla-vik,  blue  cove;  as  the  cove  there  is  still 
called  Sandy  Cove,  on  account  of  its  freedom  from 
rocks  and  seaweeds.  This,  however,  is  only  a 
case  of  corruption ;  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and 
others,  are  translations.  Our  emmet  and  the  Ger- 
man arneise  are  the  same,  connected  probably  with 
the  terms  above.  Ant  comes  from  emmet,  as  aunt 
comes  from  amita. 

Incle.  This  name  of  some  kind  of  tape  was 
once  so  common,  that  inde-maker  was  the  name 
of  a  trade  ;  but  it  is  now  gone  out  of  use,  and  its 
origin  is  unknown.  Now,  as  incle  is  the  Ang.- 
Saxon  diminutive,  and  rdpincle  was  a  little  rope 
or  cord,  may  not  this  tape  have  been  originally 
ropincle,  and  then  by  aphseresis  (a  figure  we  use 
so  much)  have  become  incle  ? 

Wolf.  It  is  very  remarkable  how  the  names  of 
the  various  species  of  the  genus  Canis,  in  different 
languages,  accord.  'AACOTT-TJ!  and  vulpes  is  fox ; 
\VKOS  and  lupus  wolf;  and  as  ulf  is  wolf  in  Ice- 
landic, we  may  see  that  these  two  sets  of  terms 
are  in  reality  the  same.  Gurk  is  wolf  in  Persian ; 
volh  in  Russian  ;  vurg  in  Icelandic  ;  goupil,  a  fox, 
in  old  French.  We  ourselves  have  wolf  and 
whelp,  a  young  dog,  with  which  the  old  German 
Welf  must  have  been  analogous. 

Queen,  Quean,  Crone.  These  terms,  so  differ- 
ent in  signification  now,  all  originally  signified 
simply  woman.  The  two  former  answer  to  kvdna, 
kven,  Icelandic;  quinde,  Dan. ;  qvinna,  Swed.  ;  the 
last  is  the  Icelandic  kona,  Dan.  kone,  woman  ;  while 
kona,  Swed.,  answers  to  our  quean.  All  are  akin  to 
yvirrj ;  zend,  Pers. ;  jend,  Russian.  It  is  curious 
enough  that  gin  is  the  Australian  term  for  woman 
or  wife.  THOS.  KEIGHTXEY. 


MEDICAL    SUPERSTITIONS. 

An  amusing  and  not  uninstructive  book  might 
be  written  on  the  above  title.  It  might  perhaps 
be  objected  that  such  a  work,  if  treated  exhaus- 
tively, would  be  nothing  less  than  a  complete  his- 
tory of  medicine  up  to  Bacon's  day.  And  such 
objection  would  not  be  altogether  unreasonable. 
But  the  contribution  towards  such  a  work,  which 
I  am  about  to  send  you,  refers  to  the  post- 
Baconian  era ;  and  is  interesting,  less  as  a  speci- 
men of  the  working  of  the  medieval  mind,  than 
from  the  date  of  the  volume  in  which  I  stumbled 
on  it,  —  a  very  curious  book  in  many  respects,  of 
which  I  will  say  a  few  words  in  the  first  place. 

II  Medico  Poeta  (the  Physician  a  Poet)  is  the 
title  of  a  folio  by  Dr.  Cammillo  Brunori,  published 
at  Fabriano  in  1726.  The  leading  object  of  his 
work  is  to  prove  that  there  is  nothing  in  the  na- 
ture of  things  to  forbid  the  banns  of  marriage 
between  poetry  and  medicine ;  that  an  excellent 
physician  may  be  an  excellent  poet,  and  vice  versa ; 
and  the  subject-matter  they  are  to  deal  with  the 


same  in  either  capacity.  And  I  know  no  reason 
why  it  should  not  be  so — there  are  the  examples 
of  Lucretius,  Redi,  and  Fracastoro  in  its  favour, — 
except  the  existence  of  worthy  Dr.  Brunori's 
attempt  to  demonstrate  the  affirmative  of  the  pro- 
position. The  work  consists  of  a  poem  in  twelve 
cantos,  or  "  Capitoli,"  as  from  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury downwards  it  was  the  Italian  fashion  to  call 
them,  on  the  physical  poet  —  a  sort  of  medical  ars 
poetica ;  and  followed  by  a  hundred  and  seventy- 
two  sonnets  on  all  diseases,  drugs,  parts  of  the 
body,  functions  of  them,  and  curative  means. 
Each  sonnet  is  printed  on  one  page,  while  that 
opposite  is  occupied  by  a  compendious  account  in. 
prose  of  the  subject  in  hand.  We  have  a  sonnet 
on  the  stomach-ache,  a  sonnet  on  apoplexy,  a 
sonnet  on  purges,  another  on  blisters,  and  many 
others  on  far  less  mentionable  subjects.  The 
author's  poetical  view  of  the  action  of  a  black-dose 
compares  it  to  that  of  a  tidy  and  active  housemaid, 
who  having  swept  together  all  the  dirt  in  the 
house,  throws  it  out  of  the  window. 

Mystic  virtues  are  attributed  to  a  variety  of 
substances,  animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral.  But 
the  page  of  this  strange  farrago  which  specially 
induced  me  to  introduce  Dr.  Cammillo  Brunori  to 
the  readers  of  "  N.  £  Q.,"  is  that  which  details 
the  medical  uses  of  the  human  skull.  It  is  easy  to 
conceive  the  nature  of  the  associations  of  idea,  and 
more  or  less  poetical  imaginings,  which  generated 
such  superstitions  in  the  minds  of  men  accustomed 
to  seek  facts  in  fancies  as 'philosophers,  rather 
than  fancies  in  facts  as  poets.  And  in  this,  as  in 
other  similar  instances,  we  may  safely  conclude, 
that  the  simple  unsupported  superstition  was  an- 
tecedent to  the  laborious  attempts  at  finding  some 
rationale  for  it.  Of  course,  the  would-be  reasoner 
supposes  and  represents  the  process  to  have  been 
the  reverse.  But  the  truth  is,  that  such  essays 
belong  to  a  time  when  the  nascent  ideas  of  induc- 
tive philosophy  had  obtained  sufficient  strength 
and  currency  to  convince  students  of  nature,  that 
something  of  the  sort  was  needful;  but  when 
they  were  not  yet  strong  enough  to  sweep  away 
the  whole  baseless  fabric. 

All  skulls,  Dr.  Brunori  informs  us,  are  not  of 
equal  value.  Indeed,  those  of  persons  who  have 
died  a  natural  death,  are  good  for  little  or  nothing. 
The  reason  of  this  is,  that  the  disease  of  which 
they  died  has  consumed  or  dissipated  the  essential 
spirit !  The  skulls  of  murderers  and  bandits  are 
particularly  efficacious.  And  this  is  clearly  be- 
cause not  only  is  the  essential  spirit  of  the  cranium 
concentrated  therein  by  the  nature  of  their  violent 
death,  but  also  the  force  of  it  is  increased  by  the 
long  exposure  to  the  atmosphere,  occasioned  by 
the  heads  of  such  persons  being  ordinarily  placed 
on  spikes  over  the  gates  of  cities !  Such  skulls  are 
used  in  various  manners.  Preparations  of  volatile 
salt,  spirit,  gelatine,  essence,  &c.  are  made  from 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


them,  and  are  very  useful  in  epilepsy  and  haemor- 

GaveJock, an  iron  crow  or 

Middin,  a  dunghill. 

rhage.    The  notion  soldiers  have,  that  drinking  out 

lever.     (Is  this  a  Saxon 

Mouldewarp,  a  mole. 

of  a  skull  renders  them  invulnerable  in  battle,  is 
a  mere  superstition  ;  though  respectable  writers 
do  maintain,  that  such  a  practice  is  a  proved  pre- 

word?) 
Ginnel,  a  passage. 
Haggle,  to  cut  awkwardly. 
Hankled,  entangled. 

Muck,  dirt. 
Munna,  must  I. 
Nesh,  fragile. 
Nought,  nothing. 

ventive  against  scrofula  ! 

Hansell,  the   first   of  any- 

Parhen, cake  made  with  oat- 

These, and  many  other  no  less  absurdities,  may 
no  doubt  be  met  with  in  writers  more  known  to 
fame  than   poor   Cammillo   Brunori.     But   it   is 
curious  to  find  science  at  this  point  in  Italy,  at 

thing. 
Haver,  oaten  ;  hence  haver- 
cake,  called  by  those  who 
do  not  know  how  good  it 
is,  "horse-bread." 

meal  and  treacle. 
Pause,  to  kick. 
Pick,  to  vomit. 
Porrage,  pottage. 
Reckon,  suppose. 

the  time  when  Mead  and  Freind  were  writing  in 

Hee,  high  ;  Sax.  "  heah." 

Reek,    smoke  ;     from    rec 

England,  and  Boerhaave  in  Holland.         T.  A.  T. 

Hide,  to  beat  soundly. 

(Sax.),  I  believe. 

Florence 

Hooind,  starved? 

Roar,  to  cry. 

Hug,  to  carry. 

Scrat,  the  hitch. 

[Our  correspondent  does  not  seem  to  be  aware  of  a 

Huggans,    the    hips;    from 

Shackle,  the  ankle-joint. 

work  on  this  very  subject,  and  under  this  verv  title,  which 

hogan  (Sax.),  a  bearer  of 

Shu,  she. 

was  published  in  1844  by  Mr.  Pettigrew.     It  is  now,  we 

the  body. 

Sin,  since. 

believe,  extremely  scarce.] 

Kittle,  to  tickle. 

Skep,  a  coal-  box. 

Knapel,  to  gnaw. 

Slack,  slow  ;  also  a  common. 

Lace,  to  beat. 

Slatter,  to  spill. 

Laihins,  playthings. 

Slavver,  saliva. 

Lake,  to  play. 

Sleek,  small  coal. 

PROVINCIAL   WORDS. 

Leet,  to  happen  or  fall  out  ; 

Sludge,  mud. 

also,  to  alight  :  to  leet  on 

Smatch,  a  touch. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  120.) 

is  to  meet  with. 

Smittle,  contagion. 

I  fully  agree  with  your  correspondent,  that  the 
dialect  of  each   county  should  be   registered   in 
"  N.  &  Q."  A  few  years  will  extinguish  provincial 

Lig,  to  lie  with  or  upon. 
Lug,  to  pull  one's  hair., 
Macks,  sorts  ;  all  macks,  all 
sorts. 

Snod,  smooth. 
Spane,  to  wean. 
Spunt,  to  give  way. 
Staller,  wearied. 

words,  &c.,  if  the  sons  of  intellect  march  as  they 

Maddle,  to  stupify. 

Stang,  a  long  pole. 

are  doing  at  present. 
The  following  glossary,  the  words  of  which  are 
commonly  used  in  this  neighbourhood,  and  which 

Matter,  to  disapprove  of  ;  as, 
"  I  don't  matttr  him." 
Mence,  decent. 

Sue,  sow. 
Sup,  a  drink. 
Swothered,  stifled. 

I  have  collected  from  time  to  time,  will,  I  hope, 

CHARLES  WILLIAMS. 

be  deemed  worthy  ofinsertion  in  "  N.  &  Q."  : 

Bradford. 
(To  be  continued.) 

Aboon,  above. 

Cluther,  to  collect  together. 

Addle,  to  earn  by  labour. 

Crack,  to  boast. 

Agate,  doing  work. 
Agatewards,  to  accompany. 
Aucnt,  opposite  to. 

Cuddle,  to  embrace  ardently. 
Cute,  smart,  neat,  clever. 
Daft,  frightened. 

Will  you  add  the  following  list  of  words  to  those 
which  I  have  already  sent  ? 

Asher,  a  newt. 

Deef,  a  quarry. 

Bit  and  crumb,  entirely  ;  as,  "  He  is  a  good  dog,  every 

Aught,  anything. 

Din,  a  noise. 

bit  and  crumb  of  him." 

Backwards  way,  backwards. 

Disgest,  to  digest. 

Certicate,  certificate. 

Baist,  to  beat. 

Doff,  to  pull  off  one's  clothes. 

Clever  ;  as,  "  I  went  clever  to  Brighton."    (What  may  be 

Barns,  children. 

Dole,  a  donation. 

the  meaning  of  the  word  ?) 

Bat,  a  blow. 

Don,  to  put  on  one's  clothes. 

Coaching,  drinking  beer  in  the  harvest-fields.    Bavering 

Beck,  a  rivulet. 

Down  it  mouth,  dejected. 

is  used  in  the  same  sense  in  some  other  countv  (Essex, 

Bensel,  to  beat  soundly. 

Day,  dear. 

I  think). 

Binder,  a  bandage. 

Drinkings,  tea-time. 

Cocker,  a  light  horse,  occasionally  used  in  the  plough. 

Boggle,  to  take  fright. 

E'e,  eye. 

Device,  advice;  as,  "Doctor's  device." 

Boken,  to  vomit. 

Enif,  enough. 

Drail,  a  land-rail. 

Brackens,  ferns. 

Fetch,  to  bring. 

Fag,  to  reap  oats. 

Brat,  a  pinafore. 

Fettle,  to  clean  ;  also  to  beat. 

Fined,  confined. 

Bray,  to  hammer. 

Flacker,  to  flutter. 

Fleice,  fleece. 

Brig,  a  bridge. 

Flay,  to  frighten. 

Gleibe,  glebe. 

Brust,  to  burst. 

Flit,  to  remove. 

Howard,  hay-ward  or  cattle-keeper. 

Bunking,  fat. 

Fold,  a  clump  of  houses. 

Induce,  produce  ;  as,  "  Good  grass  in  course  induces  good 

Call,  to  scold. 

Fond,  silly,  foolish. 

milk  in  cows." 

Capper,  a  puzzler. 

Fore-end,  early  part  of  day. 

Litten,  churchyard  ;  no  doubt  connected  with  the  German 

Capt,  puzzled. 

Forenoon,  morning. 

word  leiche,  a  corpse  :  hence  Lichfield. 

Carkass,  the  body. 

Foul,  ugly. 

"Peck  of  trouble,"  much  trouble. 

Chameson,  a  bastard. 

Frame,  to  set  about  doing  a 

"A  rough  night,"  used  of  a  bad  night  in  sickness. 

Childers,  children. 

piece  of  work. 

Scugbolt,  a  stick  with  a  leaden  head,  used  for  knocking 

Clammed,  parched. 

Fratch,  to  quarrel. 

down  birds  and  squirrels  (scugs). 

Clearance,  a  discharge. 

Galiy,  a  simpleton. 

Sheening,  working  by  task-work  at  a  machine. 

Click,  to  snatch  at. 

Gain,  near,  ready. 

Skimmington,  "  rough  music." 

Close,  a  common. 

Gallows,  braces. 

Spavins,  spasms. 

Clout,  to  pelt,  or  beat. 

Gate,  a  road. 

Spink,  a  chaffinch. 

Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


401 


"  To  take  the  notches  out  of  the  scythes"  i.  e.  to  give  money 
to  mowers  in  the  harvest-fields,  when  out  shooting: 
called  largesse  in  Norfolk  and  Cambridgeshire. 

Wag  on,  move  on. 

Windle,  to  waste  or  pine  away. 

Some  of  the  words  which  your  correspondent 
VIDEO  mentions  (Vol.  x.,  p.  178.)  are  common  in 
Hampshire,  as  abide  (otherwise  called  abear),  ax, 
bettermost,  borm  for  barm,  and  chembly  for  chim- 
ney. F.  M.  MlDDLETON. 

Medstead,  Hants. 


PEDAGOGIC   INGENUITY. 

The  name  of  schoolmaster  is  suggestive  of  se- 
verity. This  must  have  arisen  from  the  prevailing 
characteristic  of  the  profession.  True,  the  Ve- 
nusian  bard  alludes  to  a  class  of  teachers  who 
must  have  been  extraordinary  favourites  with 
grandmammas : 

"  Ut  pueris  olim  dant  crustula  blandi 
Doctores,  elementa  velint  ut  discere  prima." 

Still  the  majority  of  masters  would  seem  to  have 
preferred  severity  to  sweets.  Horace  himself 
designates  his  old  schoolmaster  "plagosum  or- 
bilium."  Juvenal  knew  what  it  was  to  hold  out 
his  hand,  — 

"  Et  nos  ergo  manum/erufe  subduximus." 
Martial  speaks  of — 

"  Ferulae  tristes,  sceptra  psedagogorum." 
So  that  we  may  conclude,  with  the  Roman 
teachers  ferulae  were  more  in  vogue  than  crus- 
tula. The  "  argumentum  a  posteriori "  was  a 
greater  favourite  than  the  "  argumentum  dpriori." 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  schoolmasters  of 
Great  Britain  down  to  the  nineteenth  century. 
It  would  be  interesting  to  record  in  the  pages  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  the  various  modes  of  punishment  in- 
vented by  the  instructors  of  youth.  The  Emperor 
Tiberius  offered  a  reward  for  the  invention  or 
contrivance  of  any  new  pleasure.  Supposing  a 
schoolmaster's  association  advertised  for  a  new 
method  of  punishing  a  refractory  pupil,  we  should 
at  once  forward  the  following,  as  almost  passing 
man's  imagination.  It  was  practised  by  the  late 
Mr.  Bennett,  who  about  sixty  years  ago  kept  a 
school  in  Bridge  Street,  St.  Ives,  Hunts.  By  the 
master's  order  the  delinquent  was  seized  and  held 
fast  by  two  or  more  of  his  schoolfellows.  His 
legs  were  then  tied  together  at  the  ankles  with  a 
strong  cord.  The  cord  was  run  over  a  hook  in 
the  ceiling,  and  the  poor  culprit  suspended  in  air. 
A  tub  was  now  placed  under  the  head  of  the 
screaming  and  struggling  victim,  and  the  master 
approached,  butcher- like,  sharpening  a  knife  with 
the  steel  at  his  side.  Of  course  something  would 
occur  to  account  for  the  Dominie  not  proceeding 
to  extremities,  such  as  a  solemn  promise  on  the 


part  of  the  sufferer  to  behave  better  in  future, 
the  intercession  of  friends,  &c. ;  but  the  general 
impression  was,  that  unless  there  was  reason  for 
sparing,  the  extreme  penalty  would  be  enforced  ! 

My  informant  is  still  alive,  and  trembles  to 
this  day  at  the  thought  of  Bennett's  mock 
butchery.  R.  PRICE. 

St.  Ives. 


LONGEVITY    IN    THE    NORTH    RIDING  OF  YORKSHIRE. 

Last  year  you  published  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  488.) 
some  extracts  made  by  me  from  the  registers  of 
two  townships  in  Cleveland.  I  now  send  the  re- 
sult of  an  examination  of  the  registers  of  another 
North  Riding  parish,  Gilling  in  Richmondshire, 
which  shows  a  very  great  length  of  life,  and,  in 
persons  above  ninety  years  of  age,  a  larger  pro- 
portion even  than  in  the  Cleveland  parishes. 

From  the  commencement  of  the  new  registers 
at  Gilling  in  1813,  down  to  the  14th  October, 
1853,,  there  were  buried  701  persons.  Of  this 
number  a  very  large  proportion,  93,  were  infants 
under  the  age  of  twelve  months.  Of  the  remain- 
der, 608,  no  less  than  207,  or  rather  above  one- 
third,  attained  the  age  of  70  and  upwards.  Three 
were  100  or  upwards,  viz.  Joseph  Currey  —  "  Old 
Joseph  Currey" — died  in  1839,  set.  103;  Jane 
Norton  died  in  1827,  also  aged  103;  and  Ralph 
Elliott  (a  pauper)  in  1817,  aet.  100.  There  died, 
between  90  and  100  the  number  of  twenty-one; 
of  these  one  was  96,  another  95,  another  94,  two 
were  92,  six  were  91,  and  ten  were  90.  Between 
80  and  90  there  died  eighty-seven,  of  whom  thirty- 
one  were  above  85.  Between  70  and  80  there 
died  ninety-six,  of  whom  thirty-five  were  above 
75  years  of  age.  The  majority  of  these  207  aged 
persons  were  born  in  the  parish. 

I  still  hope  that  some  of  the  correspondents  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  among  whom  are  many  clergymen  (the 
Vicar  of  Gilling  is  one),  will  follow  up  this  sub- 
ject in  your  columns.  WM.  DUHRANT  COOPER. 


Thames  Water.  —  I  see,  in  a  recent  Number  of 
the  Quarterly  Review,  that  all  connexion  betwixt 
London  porter  and  Thames  water  is  denied.  The 
brewers  have  their  own  private'  wells,  and  do  not 
draw  their  supplies  from  the  polluted  river.  This 
reminds  me  of  an  incident  which  took  place  in 
the  summer.  A  gentleman  went  down  the  river 
to  inspect  the  "  Dreadnought "  hospital  ship. 
After  going  over  the  wards  he  was  talking  with 
his  guide  on  deck,  and,  being  thirsty,  he  asked 
him  for  a  glass  of  water.  A  sparkling  tumbler  of 
crystal  liquid  was  given  him,  which  he  eagerly 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


swallowed,  and  liked  it  so  well  that  he  asked 
where  they  got  their  water.  "  Over  the  side " 
was  the  reply  —  which  nearly  caused  the  return 
of  the  draught  to  its  native  stream.  How- 
ever, the  nauseated  gentleman"  was  assured  that 
Thames  water,  after  standing  twenty-four  hours 
in  cask,  and  undergoing  some  process  of  ferment- 
ation, became  perfectly  bright  and  pure,  and  that 
outward-bound  ships  preferred  laying  in  their 
stock  of  water  from  the  Thames,  to  getting  it 
from  any  other  source;  it  was  considered  so  sweet 
after  depositing  its  feculent  matter,  and  kept  so 
well.  Is  this  account  true,  or  was  it  cooked  for 
the  occasion  ?  ALFRED  GATTT. 

American  Female  Obesity  and  Fecundity.  —  The 
following  two  cuttings  from  American  newspapers 
show  that  our  brother  Jonathan  considers  the 
European  race  to  increase  in  size  and  quantity 
by  transplantation  beyond  the  Atlantic. 

"  Mrs.  Catherine  Schooly,  "who  is  represented  as  the 
largest  woman  in  the  world,  is  holding  levees  in  Columbus. 
She  is  a  native  of  Pickaway  County,  Ohio,  thirty-six 
years  of  age,  and- weighs  611  Ibs.  'The  advertisement 
farther  says,  '  Her  size  round  the  body  is  10  feet  4  inches ; 
around  the  arm,  3  feet  2  inches ;  around  the  thigh,  4  feet 
11  inches ;  height  5  feet  2  inches. ' " 

"  A  Litter  of  Babes. — A  German  woman  passed  through 
Dayton,  Ohio,  on  the  1st,  having  with  her  six  children, 
all  boys,  born  at  the  same  time.  They  were  six  months 
old,  small  but  sprightly.  It  is  supposed  that  this  case  is 
almost  if  not  quite  unprecedented." 

E.  D. 

Gorton's  "  Biographical  Dictionary."  —  I  have 
always  considered  this  work  as  far  more  valuable 
than  could  have  been  supposed,  from  its  size  and 
apparent  pretension.  The  mere  capitals  at  the 
beginning  of  each  article,  joined  to  the  Italics  at 
the  end,  would  make  a  very  useful  work  of  re- 
ference. An  enlarged  edition  has  lately  appeared. 
Are  the  additions  worthy  of  the  original  work  ? 
A  few  words  from  some  of  your  correspondents 
who  especially  attend  to  biography  would  be 
useful. 

The  question  of  the  additions  which  standard 
works  receive,  is  not  one  for  the  ordinary  re- 
viewers. It  has  been  well  said  of  them  that  they 
review  a  work  as  they  would  try  a  ham,  by  sticking 
a  fork  in  and  smelling  it.  Short  notices  from  your 
correspondents  on  such  a  subject  would  not  only 
be  better  than  reviews,  but  would  bring  together 
the  natural  and  proper  differences  of  opinion.  M. 

"  Sculcoates  Gote"  —  In  the  definition  of  the 
boundaries  of  the  ancient,  but  not  of  the  most 
ancient,  port  of  Hull,  "  Sculcoates  gate  to  the  mid- 
stream of  the  river  Humber  "  is  mentioned.  The 
following  extract  from  Lord  John  Russell's  Me- 
moirs of  Thomas  Moore  (vol.  v.  p.  28.)  may  throw 
light  on  the  site  of  this  gate,  one  of  the  metes, 


limits,  and  boundaries  of  that  port,  which  is  still 
under  inquiry : 

"  North  said,  before  dinner,  that  he  had  discovered,  in 
an  old  Act  of  Parliament,  an  illustration  of  the  phrase 
'  gouts  of  blood,'  in  Shakspeare :  in  speaking  of  the 
sewers  of  Dublin,  the  Acts  called  them  'gouts.'  This,, 
however,  I  [Moore]  remarked,  has  a  more  direct  origin  in. 
the  French  word  egouts,  which  means  'sewers ;'  while  the 
gnut  of  Shakspeare  is  as  directly  and  evidently  from  the 
French  word  goutte.  Like  a  man  accustomed  to  lay  down 
the  law,  he  did  not  appear  willing  to  give  up  his  own 
view  of  the  matter." 

.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Churchyard  Literature.  —  The  following  dog- 
gerel lines  are  on  a  tombstone  in  the  churchyard 
of  Darrington,  near  Pontefract,  Yorkshire  : 

"Here 

Lie  reposited  the  remains  of  William  Shacldeton  of 
Cridling  Park,  who  departed  this  life  the  26th  day 
of  November,  1775, 

Aged  76  years. 

After  a  long  Life  spent  in  rural  Cares 

Amongst  his  flocks  and  pastoral  Affairs, 

The  grand  Sweeper  Death  seiz'd  on  his  gray  hairs, 

His  Farm  at  Cridling  Park  was  his  delight, 

Toiling  all  Day  he  sweetly  slept  at  Night. 

Noise  and  Hurry  of  Towns  he  did  not  love, 

But  retir'd  chose  to  supplicate  Great  Jove. 

His  Barns  with  Corn,  his  House  with  plenty  flow'd, 

The  kind  Blessings  which  God  on  him  bestow'd ; 

Yet  Mortals  being  subject  to  decay, 

When  his  Creator  call'd  he  did  obey. 


This  Stone 
erected  by  Joseph  Goodall." 


C.  J. 


D1  Alton  s  "  Memoirs  of  the  Archbishops  of 
Dublin."  —  In  drawing  attention  to  Mr.  D' Alton's 
Memoirs  of  the  Archbishops  of  Dublin,  I  shall 
confine  what  I  have  to  say  to  his  memoir  of  the 
late  Archbishop  Magee,  which  (to  give  the  author 
his  due)  is  the  least  favourable  specimen  of  an  in- 
teresting publication. 

He  is  mistaken,  I  think,  when  he  says  that  the 
archbishop  entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  as  a 
sizar;  but  this  is  not  a  point  of  much  importance. 

He  says  that  in  due  time,  after  ordination, 
Magee  obtained  a  fellowship.  This  certainly  is  a 
mistake,  for  by  referring  to  "  The  Case  of  Trinity 
College,"  p.  75.,  he  might  have  found  that  soon 
after  his  election,  being  desirous  of  going  to  the 
bar,  he  applied  to  the  provost,  Dr.  Hutchinson, 
for  permission  to  obtain  a  dispensation  for  that 
purpose. 

He  farther  remarks  that  "  during  his  lifetime 
he  provided  munificently  for  his  sons,  four  of 
whom  he  brought  up  in  his  own  principles  and 
profession."  All  his  sons,  three  in  number,  doubt- 
less held  preferments  in  the  Church ;  but  for  none 
of  them  did  he  so  very  munificently  provide,  when 
we  consider  his  opportunities,  as  to  justify  the 
severity  of  any  such  remark. 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


403 


Throughout  the  memoir  Mr.  D' Alton  seems  to 
have  been  influenced  by  no  feelings  of  partiality ; 
inasmuch  as  the  prelate,  whose  advancement  to 
almost  the  highest  ecclesiastical  dignity  in  Ireland 
was  justified  in  the  general  opinion  by  the  eminent 
service  which  he  had  performed  in  vindicating  the 
doctrines  of  his  Church,  has  been  here  held  up  to 
public  view  as  a  flagrant  instance^^  of  "  arrogant 
and  uncharitable  bigotry."  ABHBA. 

"  Charity  begins  at  home."  —  This  appears  to 
have  been  derived  from  1  Tim.  v.  4. :  "  Let  them 
learn  first  to  show  piety  at  home,  and  to  requite 
their  parents."  Probably  the  present  rather 
selfish  sense  of  the  saying  arose  from  perversion  of 
this  original  sense.  J.  P. 

Birmingham. 

Voltaire.  —  Extract  from  the  MS.  journal  of  the 
late  Major  W.  Broome,  5th  Royal  Irish  Dragoons, 
for  upwards  of  fifty  years  the  most  intimate  friend 
of  Sir  Henry  Grattan,  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  He  died  in  1826,  aged  eighty-nine 
years : 

"  March  1G//1,  1765  (Geneva).  —  Dined  -with  Mons. 
Voltaire,  who  behaved  very  politely.  He  is  very  old,  was 
dressed  in  arobe-de-chambreof  blue  sattanand  gold  spots 
in  it,  with  a  sort  of  sattan  cap  and  blue  tussle  of  gold. 
He  spoke  all  the  time  English.  .  .  .  His  house  is  not 
very  fine,  but  genteel,  and  stands  upon  a  mount  close  to 
the  mountains.  He  is  tall  and  very  thin,  has  a  very 
piercing  eye,  and  a  look  singularly  vivacious.  He  told 
me  of  his  acquaintance  with  Pope,  Swift  (with  whom  he 
lived  for  three  months  at  Lord  Peterborough's),  and  Gay, 
who  first  showed  him  the  Beggars  Oppora  before  it  was 
acted.  He  says  he  admires  Swift,  and  loved  Gay  vastly. 
He  said  that  Swift  had  a  great  deal  of  the  '  ridiculum 
acre.'  .  .  .  He  told  me  of  his  being  present  at  the 
ceremony  of  Lord  Kinsale's  first  wearing  his  hat  before 
the  king.  ...  At  the  house  of  Mons.  Voltaire  there 
is  a  handsome  new  church,  with  this  inscription  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  front  to  the  west : 
'  DEO 

EKEXIT 
VOLTAIRE, 
MDCCLXI.'  " 

T.  W.D.  BROOKS,  M.  A. 

The  Russian  Language  at  Oxford.  —  I  cannot 
now  refer  to  the  volume  and  page  in  "  N".  &  Q." 
•where  it  was  stated  that  the  first  grammar  of  the 
Hussian  language  was  printed  at  the  press  of  the 
University  of  Oxford.  The  fact,  however  remark- 
able, is,  I  believe,  undoubted,  for  I  find  it  so 
stated  in  Professor  Vater's  Litteratur  der  Gram- 
Tnatiken,  Lexika,  Sfc.,  2nd  edit.  8vo.,  Berlin,  1847  ; 
a  work  which  is  the  chief  authority  on  the  subjects 
of  which  it  treats.  It  is  not,  perhaps,  generally 
known  that  when  the  world  was  told,  some  twenty 
years  since,  that  an  institution  for  the  teaching 
and  study  of  the  European  languages  was  about  to 
be  established  at  Oxford,  the  Emperor  of  Russia, 
with  all  the  astuteness  of  his  race,  offered  to  endow 
a  professorship  of  the  Russian  language  at  the 


university ;  a  proposal  fair  enough,  abstractedly 
considered,  with  reference  to  teaching  the  lan- 
guage of  a  great  and  powerful  state,  but  deemed 
quite  unfit  to  be  accepted  at  the  hands  of  the  Czar 
of  Russia.  The  far-seeing  Dons  of  Oxford  had 
the  presentiment,  it  is  said,  that  the  professor,  if  a 
native  of  Russia,  might  very  possibly  become  a 
tool  and  spy  in  subserviency  to  the  potentate  that 
endowed  the  chair,  and  therefore  declined,  "  with 
many  thanks,"  to  be  led  into  the  trap  prepared 
for  them. 

From  any  unexceptionable  quarter  such  a  mu- 
nificent boon  would,  no  doubt,  have  been  accepted 
with  gratitude,  and  the  donor  would  have  stood 
enrolled,  and  been  devoutly  "  commemorated,"  in 
all  time  coming,  amongst  the  "  founders  and  be- 
nefactors "  of  ALUA  Mater.  JOHN  MACRAY. 

Oxford. 


"  De  bene  esse." —  This  phrase  is  often  used. 
What  does  it  mean  ?  M. 

The  African  Elephant.  —  Has  any  attempt  been 
made  in  modern  times  to  domesticate  the  elephant 
of  Africa,  and  to  render  him  useful  to  man,  as  his 
congener  the  elephant  of  the  Asiatic  continent  is? 
On  the  Egyptian  monuments  elephants  are  among 
the  animals  brought  as  tribute  by  negro  tribes, 
and  many  of  those  exhibited  in  the  amphitheatres 
of  Rome  were,  without  doubt,  brought  from 
Africa.  The  Carthaginians  employed  elephants 
in  their  wars,  and  unless  we  suppose  them  to  have 
drawn  their  supplies  from  India,  which  is  not  very 
probable,  the  inference  is  that,  in  those  days,  the 
African  elephant  had  been  rendered  subservient 
to  man.  Surely  an  attempt  to  domesticate  these 
powerful  animals  would  be  a  more  praiseworthy 
act  than  the  wholesale  butchery  of  them,  of  which 
so  graphic  an  account  is  given  in  certain  publi- 
cations. EDGAR  MAcCuLLOCH. 
Guernsey. 

Hindoo  Folk  Lore.  —  I  have  been  told  that  the 
poorer  Hindoos  have  a  belief  that  little  children 
are  never  exposed  to  clanger  from  the  bite  of 
venomous  serpents,  and  that  the  reason  they  give 
for  this  is,  that  the  serpent  is  a  very  wise  animal, 
and  knows  that  it  ought  not  to  injure  little  chil- 
dren, because  they  are  innocent  of  sin.  Is  the 
fact,  that  children  are  seldom  or  never  bitten  by 
serpents,  borne  out  by  the  experience  of  your 
Indian  readers  ?  WM.  FRASEH,  B.C.L. 

Faggot-vote.  —  Can  you  inform  me  of  the 
origin  of  the  term  used  in  this  part  of  the  country 
to  denote  a  spurious  or  fictitious  vote,  formed 
usually  by  the  nominal  transfer  of  a  sufficient 
qualification  to  an  otherwise  unqualified  man ; 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  264. 


this  is  called  a  "faggot-vote?"     Is  the  word  of 
merely  local  use  ?  ALFKED  SMITH. 

Dudbridge. 

Etiquette  Query.  —  Miss  Smith  marries  the 
Hon.  Mr.  Fergusson ;  after  his  death  she  marries 
Mr.  Jones,  and  styles  herself  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Fer- 
gusson Jones.  Has  she  any  authority  for  so 
doing,  or  for  taking  precedence  as  the  wife  of  an 
Honorable  ?  Y.  A.  S. 

Cornwall. 

*  Kyrie  Eleison. — In  denominating  the  responses 
after  the  Commandments  by  an  English  form  of 
the  Greek  initial  words  Kupte  eV^aw,  musical 
nomenclature  seems  to  countenance  an  anomaly  in 
our  Liturgy. 

The  Latin  titles  have  always  distinguished  the 
Psalms  (some  of  them  not  very  intelligibly,  e.  g. 
xxxvi.  and  Ixxxiii.),  as  well  as  the  Hymns,  and 
other  portions  of  the  Church  Service  ;  and  it  ap- 
pears to  me,  that  it  would  be  more  in  uniformity, 
that  these  canticles  should  be  known  by  their 
Latin  initial  "  Miserere,"  as  in  Psalms  li.  Ivi.  and 
Ivii.,  than  in  a  language  not  recognised  in  the 
Liturgy.  Wheatly  gives  me  no  information  on 
the  subject ;  I  would  therefore  wish  to  know, 
through  "N.  &  Q.,"  whether  the  Roman  missal, 
from  whence  the  term  came  to  us,  derived  it  from 
an  early  Greek  ritual,  which  would  seem  the  most 
probable  supposition ;  and  whether  the  name,  as 
a  musical  term,  can  claim  antiquity.  J.  R.  G. 

Saint  John  Pedigree.  —If  any  person  can  give 
information,  as  to  names  and  dates,  of  a  connexion 
of  the  name  of  Barry,  Bernard,  or  Barnet,  in  the 
Heighley  branch  of  the  Saint  John  pedigree, 
about  1700,  or  shortly  before,  the  information 
will  be  thankfully  received  if  sent  to  WILLIAM 
D'OYLY  BAYLEY,  Coatham,  near  Redcar,  York- 
shire. 

Weldons  of  Cornwall.  —  Information  is  required 
respecting  a  family  of  the  name  of  Weldon,  which, 
about  fifty  years  ago,  was  located  in  Cornwall. 
The  branch  of  the  Weldons  to  which  I  particu- 
larly refer,  was  of  the  Quaker  denomination. 
Any  particulars  of  the  present  condition  and  lo- 
cality of  the  family  would  be  thankfully  acknow- 
ledged. H.  E.  W. 
Sydney. 

Water-serpent. — Do  adders  like  water?  I  saw 
apparently  a  serpent  one  day,  darting  about  in  a 
pond  of  stagnant  water  abounding  in  frogs,  a  mile 
or  so  from  Geneva.  The  country  people  say  it  is 
a  poisonous  species.  Is  this  not  likely  to  have 
been  the  common  snake  (Natrix  torquata),  men- 
tioned by  White  in  his  Natural  History  of  Sel- 
borne,  and  Mr.  Jesse  in  the  Supplementary  Notes, 
or  else  a  water-snake  ?  E.  W.  J. 


Odd  Custom.  —  The  Emperor  of  the  French  was 
(when  I  saw  him)  preceded  by  two  soldiers  with 
cocked  pistols.  It  was  also  done  when  the  King  of 
Portugal  recently  arrived  at  Boulogne.  Is  this 
custom  a  modern  idea  ?  ANON. 

Froissart.  —  I  am  told  that  the  edition  of  Frois- 
sart,  published  by  W.  Smith  of  late  years  (1839) 
in  imperial  8vo.,  is  imperfect  and  incorrect.  Is 
this  the  case  ?  and  if  so,  in  what  do  the  imperfec- 
tions consist  ?  H.  E.  W. 

Legends  on  Sword-blades.  —  I  have  a  sword- 
blade,  twenty-seven  inches  long,  straight,  and 
double-edged,  along  which  there  runs  an  Arabic 
legend  in  large  letters,  but  not  distinct.  I  can 
read  only  part  of  it,  as  follows  : 


All  in  God.  [There  is]  not  ...  all  ...  in  God. 
Towards  the  hilt  is  a  shield,  surmounted  by  an 
uncertain  crest.  On  the  shield  two  swords  en 
saltier,  with  the  points  upwards.  At  the  sides 
"H.  B."  Below  the  shield  several  lines  of  writing, 
which  run  across  the  blade.  I  read  the  first  three, 
"Henrich  Bil  ai?  Juncer?  Henry  ....  knight;" 
but  the  rest  bafHes  me.  The  letter  on  the  shield 
is  apparently  B,  but  that  commencing  the  name 
below  is  more  like  D.  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents interested  in  foreign  heraldry,  or  the 
devices  of  swords,  furnish  the  name  of  the  owner, 
or  a  complete  reading  of  the  legend  ? 

W.  H.  SCOTT. 
Edinburgh. 


jftttrurr 


fot'tf) 


William  Gurnall.  —  Where  is  there  to  be  found 
a  life  or  biographical  notice  of  William  Gurnall, 
A.M.,  formerly  of  Lavenham,  Suffolk,  the  author 
of  The  Christian  in  Complete  Armour  ?  A. 

Wolverhampton. 

[In  "N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vi.,  p.  414.,  we  have  already  no- 
ticed the  absence  of  the  name  of  William  Gurnall  from  all 
our  biographical  dictionaries.  In  1830  there  was  pub- 
lished at  Woodbridge  the  following  work:  An  Inquiry 
into  the  Birth-place,  Parentage,  Life,  and  Writings  of  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Gurnall,  by  H.  M'Keon.  This  work  never 
found  its  way  into  the  British  Museum  Catalogues,  al- 
though it  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Bodleian.  We  subjoin, 
from  MS.  sources,  a  few  particulars  respecting  him.  His 
parents,  Thomas  Gurnall  and  Etheldrida  Fowles,  were 
married  June  8,  1616,  at  the  church  of  Walpole  St.  Peter 
in  Norfolk,  at  which  place  their  sons  William  and  John 
were  born.  In  1644,  William  was  appointed  to  the  living 
of  Lavenham,  as  appears  from  the  Journals  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  vol.  iii.  p.  725.  :  "Whereas  the  church  of  Laven- 
ham, in  Suffolk,  is  lately  void  by  the  decease  of  Ambrose 
Coppinger,  D.D.,  rector,  and  that  Sir  Simon  D'Ewes,  the 
patron,  hath  conferred  the  same  upon  William  Gurnall, 
M.A.,  a  learned,  godly,  and  orthodox  divine,  It  is  ordered 
by  the  House  of  Commons,  Dec.  16,  1644,  that  the  said 
William  Gurnall  shall  be  rector  for  his  life,  and  enjoy  the 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


405 


rectory  and  tithes,  as  other  incumbents  before  him."  In 
the  following  year  he  was  married,  as  we  learn  from  the 
following  extract  from  the  register  of  Stoke-by -Nayland : 
"The  llth  Feb.,  1644-5,  was  married,  William  Gurnall  of 
Lavenham,  singell-man,  minister,  and  Sara  Mott  of  this 
parish,  singell-woman,  daughter  of  Mr.  Thomas  Mott, 
minister."  At  the  Restoration,  Gurnall  retained  his  living 
by  conforming  to  the  Church  of  England,  for  which  he 
was  severely  handled  in  the  following  pamphlet :  "  Cove- 
nant Renouncers  Desperate  Apostates:  opened  in  Two 
Letters,  written  by  a  Christian  Friend  to  Mr.  Wm.  Gur- 
nall, of  Lavenham,  in  Suffolk,  which  may  indefinitely 
serve  as  an  Admonition  to  all  such  Presbyterian  Minis- 
ters or  others  who  have  forced  their  Consciences,  not  only 
to  leap  over,  but  to  renounce,  their  solemn  Covenant- 
obligation  to  endeavour  a  Reformation  according  to  God's 
Word,  and  the  extirpation  of  all  prelatical  Superstition ; 
and,  contrary  thereunto,  conform  to  those  superstitious 
Vanities,  against  which  they  had  so  solemnly  sworn. 
Printed  in  Anti-  Turn-  Coat  Street,  and  sold  at  the  sign  of 
Truth's  Delight,  right  opposite  to  Backsliding  Alley.  4to. 
1665."  Gurnall  died  October  12,  1679,  aged  sixty-three, 
and  his  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by  William  Burkitt, 
rector  of  Milden  in  Suffolk.  A  copy  of  this  sermon  is  in 
the  British  Museum,  but  it  does  not  contain  the  least 
biographical  notice  of  the  departed.  ] 

Hengrave  Church.  —  Hengrave  Church,  near 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  was  given  up  to  the  proprie- 
tor of  the  mansion,  Sir  Thomas  Kytson,  sometime 
in  the  seventeenth  century,  when  a  special  act  of 
parliament  was  obtained  for  the  purpose.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  inform  me  where  I  should  be 
likely  to  find  this  special  act,  or  to  obtain  inform- 
ation about  it  ?  S.  S. 

[From  the  following  extract  given  in  Gage's  History 
ofHettgrave,  p.  57.,  it  appears  that,Hengrave  Church  was 
annexed  to  Flempton,  A.D.  1589.  "  By  deed-poll,  dated 
19th  Aug.,  1589,  under  the  hands  and"  seals  of  Edmund 
[Scambler]  Bishop  of  Norwich,  Sir  Thomas  Kytson, 
patron  of  tie  churches  of  Flempton  and  Hengrave,  and 
Robert  Cripps,  clerk  and  incumbent  of  the  church  of 
Flempton  (the  parsonage  and  church  of  Hengrave  being 
then  void),  noticing  the  act  of  parliament  37  Hen.  VIII. 
for  the  union  of  the  two  churches,  it  was  agreed  that  the 
church  of  Hengrave  should  thenceforth  be  united,  an- 
nexed, and  consolidated  for  ever  with  the  church  of 
Flempton;  that  the  parishioners  of  Hengrave  should 
thenceforth  for  ever,  for  the  hearing  of  the  divine  service, 
and  of  receiving  sacraments  and  sacramentals,  and  for 
all  other  observances  and  rites,  repair  to  the  church  of 
Flempton ;  that  the  parishioners  of  Hengrave  should 
thenceforth  be  parishioners  of  Flempton ;  and  that  the 
church  and  parish  of  Hengrave  should  not  be  named  as 
a  parish  or  parish  church  alone,  but  as  a  church  consoli- 
dated to  the  church  and  parish  of  Flempton,  as  parcel  of 
the  parish  of  Flempton ;  that  all  tithes,  &c.,  payable  by 
the  parish  of  Hengrave  should  be  paid  to  the  parson  of 
Flempton,  and  that  the  presentment  of  a  clerk  should 
serve  for  both  the  parishes."] 

The  Messrs.  Bagsters  Motto.  — Does  the  motto 
ITOAAAI  fjLev  &vr)Tois  TAOTTAI,  /J.ia  5'  AOavaroHTti', 
adopted  by  the  Messrs.  Bagster,  date  before  their 
time  ?  If  so,  where  is  its  original  to  be  found  ? 

J.  R.  G. 

[The  Rev.  I-I.  F.  Carey,  M.A.,  late  assistant  librarian  in 
the  British  Museum,  is  the  reputed  author  of  this  motto. 
See  also  "N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  v.,  p.  587.] 


Tindal  and  Annet.  —  I  shall  be  glad  to  be  di- 
rected to  the  best  account  of  the  lives  and  writings 
of  Matthew  Tindal,  author  of  Christianity  as  Old 
as  the  Creation,  and  Peter  Annet,  who  wrote  The 
Resurrection  of  Jesus  considered,  in  answer  to 
Sherlock's  Trial  of  the  Witnesses,  and  many  other 
deistical  pamphlets.  For  one,  the  name  of  which 

I  cannot  learn,  he  suffered  imprisonment.     Le- 
land  has  treated  both  writers  ably.     Tindal  ob- 
tained celebrity,  and  is  noticed  in  The  Dunciad. 
Annet  seems  to  have  remained  in  obscurity.     Le- 
land  does  not  give  his  name,  and  perhaps  did  not 
know  it,  as  his  pamphlets  were  published  anony- 
mously.    Probably  notices  of  these  writers  are 
scattered  through  the  works  of  their  cotempo- 
raries.     Any  such,  or  a  reference  to  them,  will  be 
valuable  to  J.  F. 

[For  an  account  of  Matthew  Tindal,  consult  Memoirs  of 
his  Life,  8vo.,  1733.  "  Copy  of  his  Will,  with  an  Account 
of  what  passed  concerning  the  same,"  8vo.,  Lond.  1733. 
The  Religious,  Rational,  and  Moral  Conduct  of  Mr.  Tin- 
dal, 8vo.,  Lond.  1735.  See  also  the  Biographia  Britan- 
nica,  Chalmers's  Biographical  Dictionary,  and  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes.  Gorton,  in  his  Biographical  Diction- 
ary, has  given  a  short  account  of  Peter  Annet,  copied 
from  the  London  Magazine.  For  some  farther  particulars 
of  him,  see  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  xxx.  pp.  59. 
560. ;  vol.  xxxiii.  pp.  26.  28.  60.  86.  105. ;  vol.  liv.  p.  250. 
Tn  his  Lectures,  published  in  1768,  there  is  a  portrait  of 
him,  curiously  engraved  by  his  own  direction.  The 
notorious  Richard  Carlile  republished,  in  1826,  The  Free 
Enquirer,  the  work  for  which  Annet  was  pilloried  and  im- 
prisoned. For  a  list  of  his  other  works,  see  Lowudes's 
Bibliographer's  Manual.^ 

The  last  Days  of  George  IV.  —  On  May  24, 
1830,  a  message  was  delivered  to  both  Houses  of 
Parliament  to  the  effect  that  the  King  found  it 
"inconvenient"  to  sign  public  documents  with 
his  own  hand.  A  bill  immediately  passed  both 
Houses,  authorising  the  sign-manual  to  be  exe- 
cuted by  a  stamp,  which  was  to  be  used  for  that 
purpose  in  the  king's  presence,  every  document 
being  first  indorsed  by  three  members  of  the 
Privy  Council.  On  the  26th  of  June  following, 
his  Majesty  expired  at  three  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing. 

Some  future  historian  will  doubtless  be  curious 
to  know  what  documents  received  this  sealed 
sign-manual,  and  what  privy  councillors  endorsed 
them ;  and  if  you  can  place  them  on  record  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  you  will  confer  a  public  literary  ser- 
vice, and  oblige  a  curious  subscriber.  E.  B. 

Headingley. 

[In  the  London  Gazette  of  June  4,  1830,  will  be  found 
the  following  notice :  "  The  king  has  been  pleased  to  ap- 
point the  Right  Hon.  Charles  Lord  Farnborough,  Gen. 
Sir  Win.  Keppel,  and  Major-Gen.  Sir  Andrew  Francis 
Barnard,  to  be  his  Commissioners  for  affixing  his  Ma- 
jesty's signature  to  instruments  requiring '  the  same." 
This  was  in  consequence  of  the  Act  11  Geo.  IV.  cap.  23., 
passed  May  29,  1830.  The  principal  public  acts  passed 
from  that  day  to  the  death  of  the  king  are  the  following : 

II  Geo.  IV.  cap.  16.,  Duties  on  leather  ;   cap.  17.,  Malt 


406 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


duties ;  cap.  18.,  Marriages ;  cap.  20.,  Pay  of  the  navy ; 
cap.  26.,  Exchequer  bills ;  cap.  27.,  General  lighting  and 
•watching;  cap.  29.,  Militia  ballot ;  cap.  30.,  Population.] 

"Of  Ceremonies"  ffc.  — Prefixed  to  the  Prayer- 
Book  is  an  article  headed  "  Of  Ceremonies,  why 
some  be  abolished,"  &c.  When,  and  by  what  au- 
thority, was  this  written  ?  D. 

[This  portion  of  the  preface  was  first  printed  in  the 
First  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  published  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  VI.  by  Whitchurch,  on  the  4th  of  May,  1649, 
and  was  placed  at  the  end  of  the  book.  The  list  of  the 
commissioners  is  given  by  Fuller,  Burnet,  Collier,  and 
Strype.  Of  the  separate  parts  furnished  by  each  com- 
missioner, no  evidence  has  descended  to  us.  The  book 
was  probably  compiled  by  only  a  few  of  them,  but  dis- 
cussed and  assented  to  by  others.  Besides  Cranmer,  per- 
haps Ridley  and  Goodrich  were  the  principal  compilers. 
See  Gloucester  Ridley's  Life  of  Bishop  Ridley,  p.  223.] 


-      AONIO    PALEARIO. 

(Vol.x.,  p.  384.) 

In  the  year  1849  I  purchased  out  of  a  book- 
seller's catalogue  a  little  volume  of  controversial 
Italian  tracts,  written  by  Ambrosius  Catharinus, 
which  thoroughly  established  the  identity  of  the 
lost  original  On  the  Benefits  of  Christ — usually 
attributed  to  Aonio  Paleario  —  with  the  treatise,  of 
which  Mr.  Ayre  republished  an  old  English  trans- 
lation. 

The  literary  history  of  this  celebrated  treatise 
is  so  deeply  interesting,  that  it  may  be  worth 
while  to  transfer  to  your  pages  the  substance  of  a 
letter  I  then  wrote  to  the  Eco  di  Savonarola  upon 
the  subject ;  especially  as  my  tracts  appear  to  be 
exceedingly  rare,  and  a  little  light  may  perhaps 
be  thrown  upon  MB.  BABINGTON'S  inquiry  by 
inviting  attention  to  them.  •  I  subjoin,  then,  a 
translation  of  my  letter  : 

"  Every  one  knows  the  translation  of  the  Treatise  of 
Aonio  Paleario  recently  discovered,  and  republished  by 
the  care  of  the  Rev.  John  Ayre  in  London.  There  could 
be  hardly  any  doubt  whatever  that  this  very  interesting 
little  book  is  a  translation  of  the  lost  work  of  Aonio 
Paleario;  but  still  it  was  not  possible  to  establish  posi- 
tively the  certainty  of  such  a  supposition.  According  to 
Mr.  Ayre,  this  could  only  be  proved  by  the  description, 
which" Aonio  himself  gave  of  his  book  before  the  senate 
of  Sienna ;  and  also  by  the  testimony  of  Riederer,  who 
had  apparently  seen  the  original. 

"A  certain  cotemporaneous  document  has  recently 
fallen  into  my  hands,  written  by  Friar  '  Ambrosio  Catha- 
rino  Polito,  Senese,  dell  'Ordine  dei  Predicatori,'  published 
at  Rome  in  1543,  the  year  after  the  publication  of  Aonio's 
book,  which  is  entitled :  '  A  Compendium  of  the  Lutheran 
Errors  and  Deceptions  contained  in  a  Little  Book  without 
a  Xame,  entitled  A  most  useful  Treatise  on  the  Benefit  of 
Christ  Crucified.1 

"  Every  page  of  this  book  establishes  the  undoubted 
identity  of  the  translation.  The  author  alleges  error 


(that  is  to  say,  in  his  opinion)  in  order  to  confute  them, 
or  rather  to  contradict  them. 

"  A  single  example,  taken  at  random,  will  suffice  to 
assure  your  readers  this;  at  least  those  who  have  the 
translation  before  them : 

"  Errors  taken  from  the  Third  Cliapter.  —  He  errs  at 
the  outset,  when  he  says,  by  way  of  exhortation,  '  And 
since  we  know,  that  under  heaven  there  is  no  other  name 
given  to  men,  whereby  we  may  be  saved,  except  the 
name  of  Jesus  Christ,  let  us  run  with  the  steps  of  true 
faith  to  him,'  &c.  And  he  errs,  when  he  says,  that 
'  without  us,  or  any  occasion  of  ours,  the  righteousness  of 
Christ  is  come  to  us,  and  eternal  life  by  Christ,'  £c.  &c. 

"  Thus  almost  every  positive  opinion  of  Aonio  is  repro- 
duced in  the  confutation." 

Now,  the  discovery  of  the  original  Italian  trea- 
tise in  St.  John's  College  Library,  Cambridge, 
thoroughly  settles  this  matter  ;  but  it  now  becomes 
necessary  to  describe  this  critique  of  Ambrosius 
Catharinus,  in  order  to  obtain  from  it,  if  possible, 
any  ray  of  light  as  to  the  date  and  the  author- 
ship of  the  treatise  it  denounces. 

Of  the  critique  we  have  the  date,  not  only  of 
the  year,  but  of  the  month,  in  which  it  was  pub- 
lished, viz.  March,  1544  :.a  very  probable  period, 
as  it  seems  to  me,  fer  an  alert  controversialist, 
such  as  Catharinus  undoubtedly  was,  to  send  forth 
a  reply  to  a  book  published  in  1543.  It  would 
seem  evident,  too,  from  the  tone  of  his  observ- 
ations, that  he  is  attacking  a  recent  publication. 
As  to  the  name  of  his  antagonist,  he  is  clearly 
ignorant  of  it ;  though  he  twits  him  with  calling 
himself,  in  his  Proemium,  "a  man  of  authority" 
Qiuomo  dautorita)  ;  a  description  which,  how- 
ever vague,  would  certainly  not  exclude  Aonio. 

Let  me  add,  for  MB.  BABINGTON'S  information, 
that  a  copy  of  the  English  translation,  of  an  earlier 
date  than  that  reprinted  by  Mr.  Ayre,  is  in  the 
possession  of  the  Rev.  John  Homer,  of  Mells  Park, 
Somerset,  who  would  doubtless  permit  him  to 
examine  it.  C.  W.  BIXGHAM. 

Bingham's  Melcombe,  Dorchester. 


THE    BURNING    OP    THE    JESUITICAL    BOOKS. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  323.) 

"  BUSEMBAUM.  —  La  Moelle  d'Abelli  condamne'e  aux 
flammes  par  le  Parlement  de  Toulouse  en  1757 ;  par  le 
Parlement  de  Paris  en  1761. — La  Medulla  brule'  par  le 
Parlement  de  Toulouse  le  9  Septembre,  17.57.  Le  P. 
Zuccaria  d'ltalie  ayant  fait  ensuite  son  Apologie,  elle  fut 
condamnee  au  feu'par  le  Parlement  de  Paris,  le  10  Mars, 
1758." 

"  MOLINA.  —  Son  traite  De  Justitia  et  Jure,  avec  quan- 
tite'  d'autres  livres  jesuitiques,  fut  condamne  a  etre  laceYe 
et  brule  par  arret  du  Parlement  du  6  Aout,  1762  :  execute 
le  17  Aout  meine  annee." 

The  above  extracts  are  from  MS.  notes  on 
Junius.  The  particulars  were  obtained  for  me 
more  than  thirty  years  ago  by  a  gentleman  who, 
if  not  a  Jesuit,  was  very  intimate  with  several  very 
learned  members  of  that  Order.  I  have  always 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


407 


regarded  these  extracts,  obtained  from  such  a 
source,  as  authentic.  They  afford  no  proof,  how- 
ever, that  the  works  of  Busembaum  and  Molina 
were  ever  burnt  at  the  same  time  at  Paris,  nor  is 
there  any  mention  here  of  the  works  of  Suarez, 
particularised  by  Bifrons,  whose  books  are  erro- 
neously stated  by  that  writer  to  have  been  burnt 
with  those  of  Busenbaum  and  Molina.  The  most 
rational  conclusion  seems  to  be  that  the  assertion 
of  Bifrons,  "  remembering  to  have  seen  the  burn- 
ing of  the  Jesuitical  books,"  is  no  more  than  a 
poetical  licence  indulged  in  by  the  anonymous 
writer,  who,  to  introduce  a  sarcasm  and  a  witticism, 
did  not  scruple  to  personate  some  friend  who  had 
witnessed  the  execution,  and  who,  knowing  the 
interest  Bifrons,  in  his  real  character,  felt  in  the 
fate  of  the  Jesuits,  had  informed  him  of  the  oc- 
currence at  the  time,  unless  indeed  the  words  "  I 
remember "  should  point  to  some  more  remote 
burning  of  books  at  which  the  writer  might  have 
been  present.  It  was  not  likely,  it  must  be  con- 
fessed, that  any  Englishman  was  roaming  at  large 
about  Paris  on  the  17th  of  August,  1762,  the  day 
on  which  the  De  Justitia  ct  Jure  of  Molina,  and  a 
•"  quantity  of  other  Jesuitical  books,"  were  burnt 
by  order  of  the  parliament.  It  is  certain,  upon 
Mr.  Griffin's  own  show  in  g  (if  the  above  date  be 
correct),  that  Governor  Pownall  could  not  have 
been  there  ;  but  this  does  not  prove  in  our  opinion 
that  Pownall  could  not  have  written  the  letter 
signed  "Bifrons,"  if  he  had  been  in  other  respects 
qualified  for  the  task.  We  beg  here  to  observe, 
that  it  would  have  been  much  more  to  the  point 
if  Mr.  GrifBn,  instead  of  seeking  for  Junius  amon^ 
a  mob  of  Frenchmen  at  Paris  in  1762,  had  directed 
his  inquiry  into  the  cause  which  induced  Bifrons 
to  write  so  acrimonious  a  letter  against  the  Duke 
of  Grafton  in  1768,  accusing  him  of  not  keeping 
his  promise,  and  insinuating  that  he  had  become  a 
proficient  in  the  morales  relaches  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus.  W.  CRAMP. 


"DON  QUIXOTE." 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  343.) 

The  notion  expressed  by  J.  B.  P.,  that  Don 
Quixote  was  written  by  Cervantes  for  the  purpose 
of  assailing  Jesuitism,  "  the  dominant  mania  of 
that  time,"  that  is,  I  suppose,  when  the  work  was 
written,  is  certainly  a  notion  as  strange  as  the 
reasons  by  which  it  is  supported. 

According  to  J.  B.  P.,  "  Don  Quixote  personi- 
fied Ignatius  Loyola;"  and  to  show  that  he  did 
so,  it  is  said  that  Don  Quixote  "  appeased  the 
wrath  of  Heaven  on  his  adventures,  by  appealing 
to  the  all-powerful  protection  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 
in  the  name  of  Dulcinea  del  Tobosa;"  and  ".Don 
Quixote  personified  Ignatius  Loyola,"  because 
41  the  domestic  establishment  of  Don  Quixote  cor- 


responded with  those  of  the  present  priests  in 
Spain,  viz.,  a  very  old  man,  or  a  very  old  woman, 
and  a  niece." 

If  it  were  the  intention  of  Cervantes  to  ridicule 
the  practice  of  Roman  Catholics,  in  invoking  the 
intercession  of  the  Blessed  Virgin — her  prayers 
and  her  protection  —  then  Cervantes  did  not 
merely  attack  Jesuits,  to  whom  that  devotion  is 
not  peculiar  —  for  the  devotion  of  the  Virgin  did 
not  begin  with  the  fifteenth  century,  at  the  close 
of  which  (A.  D.  1491)  Ignatius  was  born  :  and 
J.  B.  P.'s  argument  would,  if  true,  serve  to  show 
that  Cervantes  was  not  merely  inimical  to  the 
Jesuits,  which  many  Catholics  have  been,  but  that 
he  was  not  himself  a  Eoman  Catholic.  Now, 
where  can  J.  B.  P.  find  a  fact  to  sustain  hi  .1  in 
any  such  suggestion  ?  I  can  point  out  three  fVts 
directly  contrary  to  such  an  assertion  —  first,  the 
following  lines,  from  a  sonnet  written  by  Cer- 
vantes upon  the  sacking  of  Cadiz  by  the  English, 
under  Queen  Elizabeth  s  favourite,  the  Earl  of 
Essex,  in  1596.  J.  B.  P.  will  find  in  the  lines  not 
merely  the  sentiments  of  a  Spaniard,  but  the  feel- 
ings of  a  rigid  Roman  Catholic  : 

"  Quando  lleva  robada  la  riqueza 
De  Cadiz  el  Britano,  y  profanados 
Dexa  templa  y  ALTARES  COSSAGRABOS." 

The  second  fact,  to  show  that  Cervantes  was  a 
rigid  Roman  Catholic,  is,  that  in  the  year  1615  he 
composed  stanzas  in  honour  of  the  beatification  of 
the  illustrious  Spanish  saint,  Teresa  (see  Pellicer, 
Vida  de  M.  de  Cervantes,  vol.  i.  pp.  188,  189.)-  One 
of  the  judges  on  that  occasion  was  Lope  de  Vega — 
a  fact  which  I  now  mention  for  the  purpose  of 
again  referring  to  it.  The  third  fact  is,  that  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Confraternity  of  St.  Francis 
— "  hermano  de  la  venerable  orden  Tercera  de 
S.  Francisco"  (Pellicer,  Vida  de  Cervantes,  vol.  i. 
p.  192.). 

Having  thus  shown  that  Cervantes  was  a  strict 
Roman  Catholic,  let  us  now  see  what  is  the  de- 
scription given  by  Cervantes  of  Dulcinea  del 
Tobosa,  and  then  compare  it  with  the  sentiments 
entertained  by  Ilomau  Catholics  with  respect  to 
"  the  Virgin  Mary."  Dulcinea  is  described  by 
Cervantes  as  a  very  well-looking  peasant  girl, 
"  Una  moza  labradora  de  muy  buen  parecer." 
(Parti,  c.l.  vol.  i.  p.  11.;  Pellicer's  edition.) 
But  in  another  place  (Part  II.  c.  10.  vol.  iv.  p.  95.), 
where  a  village  girl  is  presented  to  Don  Quixote 
as  Dulcinea,  she  is  described  as  being  ill-favoured, 
because  "  she  was  chubby-cheeked  and  flat-nosed 
— "  Porque  era  cariredonda  y  chata."  And  J. 
B.  P.  supposes  that  a  Roman  Catholic  could  thus 
personify  "the  Virgin  Mary,"  when  the  great  and 
predominant  feeling  of  Roman  CatholieS  is  that 
she  is  ©eoroKos,  "  the  Mother  of  God ; "  and  when 
they  never  seek  for  her  intercession  with  her  Son  — 
both  God  and  Man  —  but  with  expressions  such  as 
the  following,  which  I  quote  from  what  Roman 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


Catholics  call  "  The  Litany  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin:" 

"  Sancta  Dei  Genitrix ;  Sancta  Virgo  Virginum ;  Mater 
Christi;  Mater  Admirabilis ;  Mater  Salvatoris;  Virgo 
Veneranda ;  Consolatrix  Afflictoruin ;  Eegina  Angelorum ; 
Regina  Martyrum,"  &c. 

If  J.  B.  P.  can  discover  any  similarity  in  such 
expressions  as  these  —  which  did  not  begin  with  the 
Jesuits  —  and  the  description  of  Dulcinea  by  Cer- 
vantes, then  all  I  can  say  is,  he  discovers  simi- 
larities where  a  Roman  Catholic  can  alone  perceive 
contrasts. 

But  J.  B.  P.  says  that  Ignatius  Loyola,  a  Jesuit, 
is  described  as  Don  Quixote,  because  the  house- 
hold of  Don  Quixote  corresponds  with  "  domestic 
establishments"  "  of  the  present  priests  of  Spain  ; " 
that  is,  Cervantes,  wishing  to  describe  a  Jesuit, 
pourtrays  a  person  who  lives  in  a  manner  different 
from  a  Jesuit.  J.  B.  P.  is  not  aware  of  the  dis- 
tinction that  exists  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
between  the  parish  priest  or  curate  (called  the 
secular  clergy),  and  a  priest  belonging  to  one  of 
the  religious  orders  in  the  same  Church  (called 
the  regular  clergy).  The  former  may  have  a 
mother,  a  sister,  or  a  niece  in  their  household  ; 
the  latter  live  in  community  together — in  colleges 
or  monasteries  —  establishments  for  their  own  ex- 
clusive use,  and  they  are  attended  by  lay  brothers, 
not  by  aunts,  sisters,  or  nieces  :  and  thus  J.  B.  P. 
will  perceive,  that  if  Cervantes  intended  to 
describe  a  Jesuit  as  Don  Quixote,  he  gives  a  de- 
scription of  his  household  which  would  be  most 
inapplicable  to  a  Jesuit. 

Well,  then,  failing  to  describe  the  manner  of 
life  of  a  Jesuit — giving  something  which  was  the 
very  opposite  to  it  —  can  we  discern  any  similarity 
in  the  personal  appearance  of  the  hero  of  Cer- 
vantes and  the  founder  of  the  Order  of  Jesuits  ? 
Ignatius  Loyola  is  thus  described  in  Feller's 
biography  as  being  of  middle  height ;  rather  small 
than  large  ;  his  head  bald,  his  eyes  full  of  fire ;  the 
forehead  broad,  and  the  nose  aquiline  : 

"A  une  taille  moyenne,  plus  petite  que  grande.  II 
avait  la  tete  chauve,  les  yeux  pleins  de  feu,  le  front  large 
et  le  nez  aquilin." — Feller,  Biographic,  in  verb.  Ignace 
de  Loyola. 

Can  J.  B.  P.  discover  any  similarity  between  this 
portrait  and  that  of  "  the  Knight  of  the  Rueful 
Countenance" — rawboned  and  lanthorn-jawed  — 
"  seco  de  carnes,  enxuto  de  rostro  ?" 

But  then,  there  being  nothing  like  in  the  man- 
ner of  living,  nor  in  the  personal  appearance  of 
Don  Quixote,  to  Ignatius  Loyola,  we  come  to  con- 
sider, Did  Cervantes  desire  to  render  Jesuitism 
odious  or  contemptible  by  satirising  Ignatius 
Loyola  under  the  character  of  Don  Quixote  ? 

Upon  this  point  I  appeal  to  every  reader  of 
Don  Quixote.  Is  not  Don  Quixote  a  man  to  be 
loved  for  his  virtues,  his  generosity,  his  disin- 
terestedness, his  nobility  in  thought  and  in  sen- 


timent ?  Is  he  not,  though  you  laugh  at  his 
delusions,  in  every  word  and  action  a  Christian 
and  a  gentleman  —  a  true  knight  —  living  when 
"  the  age  of  chivalry  had  gone  by."  Is  the 
character  of  Don  Quixote  the  same  character  that 
is  given  to  the  Jesuits  by  writers  who  are  not 
Roman  Catholics  ?  Let  J.  B.  P.  answer  that 
question. 

The  fact  is,  that  J.  B.  P.,  like  many  others, 
cries  out  "Jesuit"  where  there  is  "no  Jesuit:" 
and  that  as  Don  Quixote  mistook  a  windmill  for 
a  giant,  so  has  he  mistaken  Don  Quixote  for  a 
Jesuit.  If  he  will  look  to  Rauke's  History  of  the 
Popes,  he  will  find  that  the  Jesuits  were  not  wild 
enthusiasts,  that  they  were  formed  by  Ignatius 
Loyola  to  do  men's  work,  and  —  they  did  it. 

As  to  the  remark  of  J.  B.  P.,  that  "  recent 
travellers  in  Spain  tell  us  that  every  kind  of 
crime  and  vice,  even  now,  in  that  country  is  hal- 
lowed by  a  few  Ave  Marias,"  I  pass  it  by,  as 
simply  offensive  to  the  feelings  of  Roman  Catholics. 
If  it  were  true  —  and  I  believe  it  is  not  —  it  would 
have  nothing  to  do  with  what  was  published  in 
1612.  I  should  be  Sorry  to  see  quoted  a  speech 
of  Lord  Shaftesbury,  exposing  the  paganism  or 
abominations  existing  in  the  mines  or  the  manu- 
facturing towns  in  England,  to  show  that  some- 
thing written  by  Father  Parsons  against  Pro- 
testantism, in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  was  correct. 

J.  B.  P.,  before  he  ventured  upon  his  new 
theory  respecting  Cervantes,  and  Don  Quixote, 
and  Ignatius  Loyola,  should  have  endeavoured 
to  discover  what  was  "  the  dominant  mania"  of 
the  time.  Supposing  it  to  be  Jesuitism,  and  a 
devotion  to  "  the  Virgin  Mary,"  then  he  should 
have  studied  a  Life  of  Cervantes  to  see  whether 
he  had  at  any  time  manifested  -any  feelings  op- 
posed to  "the  dominant  mania."  On  the  con- 
trary, we  find  him  writing  verses  in  honour  of  one 
remarkable,  even  in  Spain,  for  her  devotion  to 
"the  Virgin  Mary  ;"  and  we  find  him  submitting 
his  verses  to  the  judgment  of  Lope  de  Vega,  the 
author  of  a  pastoral  written  in  honour  of  the 
Virgin  Mary,  the  Pastores  de  Belen,  whilst  his 
biographers  declare  of  Cervantes  that  he  was  a 
Roman  Catholic — not  merely  devout — but  scru- 
pulously devout — "hombre  divoto  y  timorato." 
(Pellicer,  Vida,  vol.  i.  p.  191.)  W.  B. 


ARMS    OF   GENEVA. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  110. ;  Vol.  x.,  p.  169.) 

Accident  has  prevented  my  replying  earlier  to 
the  notices  of  MR.  G-.  GERVAIS  upon  my  remarks 
respecting  the  arms  of  Geneva.  His  last  contri- 
bution supplies,  in  the  main,  exactly  what  I  re- 
quired ;  and  I  acknowledge  the  favour.  But  as 
to  his  former,  I  question  the  lawfulness  of  ad- 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


ducing  the  case  of  Egra,  in  Wallensteiri s  Death, 
Act  III.  Sc.  3.,  ae  a  parallel.  The  word  untre, 
which  he  cites  in  the  German  text,  seems  to 
mean  that  the  lower  half  of  the  eagle  divided 
horizontally  was  the  part  wanting  in  that  es- 
cutcheon, i.  e.,  to  speak  heraldically,  that  (not  the 
eagle  dimidiated,  or  divided  perpendicularly,  but) 
an  eagle  double-headed,  displayed,  issuant,  was 
borne  on  a  chief  (probably  or)  ;  the  chief  being 
an  augmentation  of  the  original  bearing.  In  the 
case  of  Geneva,  the  double-eagle  is  divided  per- 
pendicularly, and  the  left-hand  half  of  it  is  affixed 
on  the  right-hand  side  to  the  half  of  a  red  shield, 
which  half  bears  upon  it  a  silver  key.  Schiller's 
explanation  is  altogether  jocose,  and,  however 
well-befitting  the  drama,  has  nothing  to  do  with 
heraldry.  In  reality,  the  unmistakeable  meaning 
of  the  Genevese  shield  is  that  the  bearer  of  the 
right-hand  half  of  the  whole  escutcheon  is  under 
the  special  patronage  of  the  German  empire, 
whose  emblem,  perpendicularly  halved,  occupies 
the  left-hand  half  of  the  whole  shield.  MR.  GER- 
VAIS'S  communication  is  very  valuable,  as  verifying 
from  actual  history  the  evident  symbolism  of  the 
heraldry,  viz.  the  original  clientship  of  the  city  of 
Geneva  towards  the  great  German  empire. 

Again,  the  subsequent  alliance,  as  late  as  1526, 
of  Geneva  with  Berne  and  Fribourg,  which  he 
mentions,  explains  the  heraldic  fact  that  the  arms 
of  Geneva  are  not  found  quartered  in  the  same 
shield  with  those  of  the  original  Swiss  Cantons, 
but  always  stand  separate  ;  which  they  would  not 
have  done,  had  the  state  which  bears  them  been  a 
member  of  the  primitive  confederation. 

Moreover,  the  destruction  which  MR.  GERVAIS 
points  out  between  the  state  (civitas  or  repub- 
lique)  of  Geneva  and  the  earldom  of  Genevois, 
explains  the  real  relation  of  the  dimidiated  coat  of 
arms  to  the  gold  and  blue  checquy  one  ;  and  his 
statement  of  the  merging  of  the  last-named  dig- 
nity and  territory  in  the  earldom  or  dukedom  of 
Savoy,  A.D.  1402,  accounts  for  the  appearance  of 
this  last  coat  among  the  bearings  of  the  modern 
Sardinian  kingdom. 

As  to  the  treaty  of  1754,  let  me  assure  MR. 
GERVAIS  that  I  had  no  access  to  any  historical 
authority  whatever  on  the  subject,  not  even  such 
an  elementary  one  as  Zscliokke,  Histoire  de  la 
Suisse.  But  the  friend  alluded  to  in  my  former 
article,  himself  by  descent  and  existing  relation- 
ship connected  with  Genevese  families,  assured  me 
expressly  that  the  present  King  of  Sardinia,  far 
from  considering  the  town  of  Geneva  as  "  finally 
delivered "  from  his  claims  as  Duke  of  Savoy, 
makes  no  secret  of  his  intention  to  enforce  them 
whenever  actual  might  shall  second  his  assumed 
right. 

I  am  MR.  GERVAIS'S  debtor  for  the  tincture 
of  the  field  on  the  dexter  side  of  the  impalement, 
which  proves  to  be  the  same  as  I  had  expected. 


Let  him  also  permit  me  to  draw  his  attention 
to  the  striking  illustration  which  this  correspon- 
dence affords  of  the  extent  to  which  heraldry  is 
capable  of  being  made  a  guide  to  history.  The 
brilliant  and  expressive  series  of  historical  hiero- 
glyphics which  any  roll  of  "  Arms  of  Dominion  " 
exhibits,  well  deserves  the  attention  of  those  who, 
like  himself,  are  competent  to  reconcile  its  obvious 
significance  with  the  actual  course  of  events. 

L.  C.  D. 


CORNISH  DESCENDANTS    OF   THE   EMPEROR    OP 
GREECE. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  351.) 

I  perceive  that  some  of  the  correspondents  of 
"  K".  &  Q."  have  felt  an  interest  in  the  de- 
scendants of  that  illustrious  family  which  once 
occupied  the  throne  of  empire  at  Constan- 
tinople, and  which  has  been  traced  into  Corn- 
wall ;  but  it  appears  that  some  doubts  are  felt, 
whether  they  are  at  this  time  to  be  found  or  not. 
I  believe  I  am  able  to  throw  some  farther  light  on 
this  inquiry,  and  I  will  endeavour  to  do  it  by  a 
simple  relation  of  facts  ;  but  as  those  facts  require 
to  be  authenticated  by  a  name,  I  will  add,  that 
the  name  of  the  writer  is  known  to  the  Editor,  and, 
by  his  usual  signature  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  to  the  reader 
also. 

It  is  more  than  thirty  years  ago  that  I  chanced 
to  be  a  creditor  to  an  old  man  for  a  sum  which 
amounted  to  more  than  I  felt  altogether  willing 
to  lose ;  and  this  circumstance  brought  me  into 
frequent  communication  with  him,  as  well  as  into 
a  knowledge  of  his  worldly  circumstances  and 
claims.  His  name  was  John  Cossentine  :  he  had 
been  a  farmer,  but  was  at  this  time  reduced  in 
circumstances,  and  was  no  better  acquainted  with 
history  or  literature  than  a  very  ordinary  farmer 
of  small  means  usually  is.  But  poor  as  he  was,  he 
informed  me  that  he  was  the  high  lord  of  a  very 
considerable  estate  in  his  own  neighbourhood, 
which  was  in  the  parish  of  St.  Veep ;  that  the 
immediate  proprietor  of  a  wood  on  the  estate  (a 
gentleman  of  extensive  property)  was  at  this  time 
engaged  in  cutting  down  the  trees;  that,  when  sold, 
he  would  be  entitled  to  a  share  of  the  money 
which  the  timber  might  fetch ;  and  when  this 
was  the  case,  I  should  receive  what  was  due  to  me. 
On  inquiry  how  this  could  possibly  be,  he  went  on 
to  inform  me,  that  his  family,  from  which  he  was 
lineally  descended,  were  formerly  Emperors  of 
Constantinople  ;  that  their  name  was  Constantine, 
and  that  it  had  been  softened  into  Cossentine  by 
vulgar  pronunciation.  When  the  Turks  took  the 
city,  his  family  made  their  escape,  and  came  to 
England,  bringing  with  them  great  wealth,  with 
a  portion  of  which  they  bought  the  property  of 
which  he  was  still  the  high  lord ;  and  a  large  sum 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


•was  also  deposited  in  the  Tower  of  London.  If 
he  were  able  to  procure  a  friend,  who  could  assist 
him  in  the  recovery  of  the  money  deposited  in  the 
Tower,  he  had  no  doubt  of  again  becoming  a 
wealthy  man.  To  satisfy  the  claim  I  had  on  him, 
he  gave  me  a  document,  which  authorised  me  to 
demand  from  the  steward  of  the  gentleman  who 
now  held  a  subordinate  tide  to  this  land,  the 
proper  share  that  would  become  due  to  John 
Cossentine  on  the  sale  of  the  wood.  And  when, 
in  consequence  of  this  authority,  an  application 
was  made  to  the  steward,  although  he  expressed 
scruples  with  regard  to  the  payment  to  myself,  he 
admitted  the  claim  of  Cossentine  himself.  But 
this  John  Cossentine  had  a  son,  who  was  married, 
and  lived  in  either  the  same  or  a  neighbouring 
parish  :  I  do  not  clearly  remember  whether  it  was 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Veep  or  Lanreath.  When  he 
became  acquainted  with  the  nature  of  my  business 
with  his  father,  he  applied  to  me  on  the  subject ; 
and  from  him  also  I  learnt,  that  a  conviction 
existed  in  his  family  of  the  general  truth  of  what 
I  had  heard  from  his  father.  They  had,  at  no 
remote  time,  been  in  possession  of  this  consider- 
able estate  ;  but  had  sold  it,  except  the  high  lord- 
ship, which  was  so  far  entailed  as  to  be  out  of 
their  power  to  dispose  of,  although  the  present 
proprietor  in  possession  had  earnestly  endeavoured 
to  bring  it  about.  It  would  have  been  of  much 
interest  to  me  to  have  seen  the  original  deeds ; 
but  this  was  not  permitted  from  some  jealousy  of 
the  nature  of  my  demand  :  for  the  son,  although  he 
expected  to  succeed  to  his  father's  rights  (and  did 
afterwards  actually  succeed  to  them),  was  by  no 
means  inclined  to  involve  himself  in  any  respon- 
sibility. This  family  still  exists  in  the  same 
neighbourhood ;  and  there  is,  in  the  neighbouring 
parish  of  Lantegloss  by  Fowey,  another  family  of 
the  same  name,  and,  I  have  no  doubt,  of  the  same 
descent,  whatever  that  may  be.  The  latter  family 
is  of  respectable  station  in  life  :  but  whether  they 
assert  the  same  claims,  I  do  not  know,  VIDEO. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photograthic  Unanimity.  —  The  remarks  made  bv  your 
•well-intentioned  correspondent  J.  W.  H.  (Vol.  x.(  p.  373.) 
are  so  entirely  in  correspondence  with  my  own  opinions, 
and  are  so  well  calculated  to  check  the  injurious  tendency 
arising;  from  the  want  of  unanimity  among  photographers 
generally,  that  I  cannot  refrain  from  individually  ten- 
dering him  my  best  thanks. 

Whether  a  gentleman  gets  two  pictures  a  day,  or  ten, 
cannot  possibly  make  the  slightest  difference  to  the  art 
of  photography,  in  which  we  are  all  deservedly  so  much 
interested.  Neither  would  it  tend  to  its  advancement 
that  we  should  all  be  induced  to  follow  the  same  process, 
seeing  that  each  has  advantages  of  its  own  peculiar  kind, 
the  perfection  of  which  can  only  be  attained  by  each 
individual's  following  one  process  only,  thereby  giving  it 
the  benefit  of  his  undivided  attention.  I  am  pleased  to 
find  J.  W.  H.  advocating  collodion ;  and  I  am  sure  he 


will  be  equally  well  pleased  at  my  saying  that  I  am  a 
wax-paper  man  to  the  back-bone.  Quibbling  about  the 
paramount  superiority  of  either  the  one  or  the  other,  is 
worse  than  lost  time;  the  best  mode  being  sure  even- 
tually to  gain  the  greatest  number  of  advocates,  and  to 
gain  its  fairly-deserved  ascendancy. 

I  ought  to  be  the  last  man  in  the  world  to  give  utter- 
ance to  one  syllable  uncourteous  to  DR.  DIAMOND,  to 
whom  I  am  altogether  indebted  for  having  given  me  the 
first  impulse  in  the  art,  leaving  out  of  the  question  the 
many  unexpected  favours  I  am  proud  to  own  to  have 
received  from  him  in  my  photographic  noviciate.  Yet 
his  well-known  liberally  constituted  mind  will,  I  trust, 
not  take  it  amiss  in  my  saying,  that  in  working  calotype 
some  twelve  or  eighteen  months  since,  I  found  the  Buckle's 
brush  a  most  economical  adjunct  to  my  stock  of  requisites : 
but  yet  let  each  calotypist  use  it  or  not,  as  best  may 
please  his  taste. 

The  perfection  to  •which  your  correspondent  X.  has 
brought  the  calotype  process,  so  as  in  a  photographic  tour 
never  to  experience  a  single  failure,  entirely  does  away 
with  one  of  the  hitherto  undisputed  advantages  of  col- 
lodion—  that  of  being  enabled  to  judge  of  perfection  of 
one's  work  before  leaving  the  field.  Prior  to  abandoning 
calotype  for  wax-paper,  I  had  certainly  made  a  very  con- 
siderable advancement,  perhaps  mainly  attributable  to 
the  devoting  my  whole  time  to  the  work ;  but  I  must 
confess  that  I  fell  verylar  short  of  your  correspondent's 
good  luck :  still,  why  find  fault  with  him  for  his  much-to- 
be-dcsired  attainments,  at  the  same  time  thanking  him 
most  cordially  for  his  liberality  in  publishing  his  im- 
proved process,  which  I  have  no  doubt  will  be  found  to 
be  a  good  one. 

With  reference  to  Archer's  camera,  I  most  unhesita- 
tingly coincide  with  your  correspondent  J.  W.  H.,  being 
in  justice  bound  to  speak  most  highly  in  its  praise.  I 
have  incessantly,  in  the  more  genial  months,  -worked  it 
for  two  years  past ;  and  from  being  located  in  a  populous 
town,  and  a  member  of  a  large  photographic  society,  I 
have  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing  a  variety  of  cameras ; 
but,  to  my  mind,  no  other  form  has  so  man}'  advantages 
combined.  So  much  so,  that  being  about  to  work  a 
larger  paper,  I  purpose  ordering  one  again  of  the  same 
maker.  Be  it  borne  in  mind,  nevertheless,  that  my  pre- 
ference is  that  only  of  one  individual,  as  there  may  be 
other  much  better  photographers  who  may  prefer  some 
other  make.  I  would  only  recommend  novices  who 
ma}r  be  in  want  of  one,  having  the  opportunity,  to  see 
Archer's,  amongst  others,  in  its  work,  previous  to  his 
making  his  choice. 

So  much  to  the  point  is  the  whole  of  J.  W.  H.'s  paper, 
that  I  cannot  do  better  in  conclusion  than  by  recom- 
mending its  last  paragraph  but  one  to  the  renewed 
perusal  of  your  photographic  readers,  being  so  entirely 
convinced  of  the  great  need  of  unanimity  of  combination 
of  efforts  towards  the  perfecting  of  a  most  useful  art,  as 
yet,  I  have  every  reason  to  believe,  entirely  in  its  infancy. 

HESI:V  II.  HELE. 

14.  Dcnsham  Terrace,  Plymouth. 

Bromide  of  Silver.  —  I  feel  very  desirous  of  ascertaining 
whether  anv  experiments  have  been  recently  made,  in 
combining  the  bromide  with  the  iodide  of  silver  in  calo- 
type paper ;  and  should  this  meet  the  eye  of  any  gentle- 
man who  has  made  the  matter  a  subject  of  investigation, 
by  giving  the  result  in  "  N.  &  Q."  he  will  confer  a  great 
favour  no  doubt  on  many  others  as  well  as  myself. 

What  I  am  most  anxious  to  learn  is,  whether  the  bro- 
mide of  potassium  could  be  mixed  with  the  iodide  of 
potassium  to  form  a  bath  for  the  paper,  after  the  same 
has  received  a  wash  of  nitrate  of  silver  solution  ?  And 
also,  whether  paper  so  prepared  would  bear  the  usual 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


411 


swimming?  and,  finally,  whether  it  would  bear  a  pro- 
longed exposure  in  the  camera,  in  order  to  get  the  greens 
of  vegetation,  and  the  deep  shades  in  a  landscape,  better 
impressed,  without  that  risk  of  solarisation  which  the  j 
ordinary  iodized  papers  are  so  liable  to  ? 

BllOMO-IODIDE. 

Preserving  sensitized  Collodion  Plates.  —  MR.  SHAD- 
BOLT'S  paper  (Vol.  x.,  p.  372.)  induces  me  to  send  you  a 
leaf  out  of  my  note-book  on  me  same  subject,  giving  the 
modification  of  his  original  method,  which  I  have  followed 
with  success  for  the  last  few  months.  I  began  by  carry- 
ing out  his  directions  {Photographic  Journal,  No.  20.) 
verbatim,  but  with  very  indifferent  results.  I  then  made 
a  regular  series  of  experiments,  resulting  in  the  process  I 
here  give,  which,  with  an  occasional  drawback  to  be  pre- 
sently stated,  answers  perfectly. 

1.  Clean  the  glass  thoroughly  (this  is  very  essential) 
with  muriatic  or  nitric  acid,  rubbing  it  well  in  with  a 
stick ;  wash,  put  into  a  solution  of  common  caustic  soda ; 
wash,  polish  with  a  silk  handkerchief.  Before  pouring  on 
the  collodion,  dust  the  surface  lightly  with  an  old  cambric 
handkerchief.  2.  Pour  on  the  collodion  as  evenly  as  pos- 
sible, so  as  to  get  an  unribbed  film.  3.  Immerse  for  two 
minutes  in  a  thirty-five-grain  nitrate-of-silver  bath,  well 
iodized.  I  use  a  flat  bath,  immersing  the  plate,  collodion 
up,  and  waving ;  twelve  ounces  in  this  way  is  enough  for 
plates  8ix6£.  Take  out  the  plate,  and  rest  the  lower 
edge  and  angles  on  blotting-paper.  4.  Pour  on  the  syrup 
(half-and-half  honey  and  distilled  water,  filtered,  adding 
one  drachm  of  alcohol  to  each  ounce)  three  times ;  leave 
it  on  the  first  time  for  two  minutes,  second  time  three 
minutes,  third  time  four  minutes,  with  waving ;  use  fresh 
syrup  each  time,  throwing  away  the  old.  Blot  up  the 
lower  edge  well,  oscillating  the  plate  from  angle  to  angle, 
to  get  rid  of  the  excess  of  syrup,  and  obtain  a  perfectly 
mirrored  surface.  Store  away  in  a  box,  or  dark  slide. 
The  plate  will  probably  be  still  good  at  the  end  of  a 
month ;  I  never,  however,  had  patience  to  keep  it  over  a 
week.  Be  careful  not  to  give  too  long  time  in  the  ca- 
mera, —  certainly  this  is  not  longer  than  with  fresh  plates ; 
develope  at  your  leisure.  On  exit  from  the  slide  pour 
very  gently  over  the  plate  distilled  water,  to  remove  the 
syrup  (rain-water,  carefully  collected  on  a  calm  day,  does 
just  as  well);  repeat  the  washing  three  times,  allowing 
the  plate  to  soak,  on  the  levelling-stand,  for  some  minutes 
each  time.  Blot  the  edge  and  lower  angles  of  the  plate ; 
pour  on,  very  gently,  a  ten -grain  solution  of  nitrate  of  sil- 
ver, saturated  with  iodide ;  leave  it  on,  with  waving  mo- 
tion, thirty  seconds ;  pour  off  about  twenty  minims  in  a 
glass  vessel,  and  throw  away  the  rest;  pour  on  the  usual 
one-grain  pyro.  solution.  Sometimes  the  picture  deve- 
lopes  fully  under  this  alone.  If  the  image  is  faint,  after 
thirty  seconds,  pour  off  the  pyro.  into  the  glass  containing 
the  nitrate  of  silver  ex  plate,  and  immediately  pour  it 
over  the  plate;  the  image  rapidly  comes  out.  Clear 
with  hypo.,  &c.  This  plan,  nine  times  out  of  ten,  suc- 
ceeds perfectly  with  plates  under  6x5;  and  it  has  the 
advantage  of  dispensing  with  a  secondary  bath.  With 
larger  plates  I  prefer  washing  off  the  syrup  in  a  bath, 
leaving  them  in  for  ten  or  fifteen  minutes.  Without  this 
it  is  dilficult  to  obtain  an  even  picture.  I  then  immerse 
them  for  thirty  seconds  in  a  ten-grain  nitrate-of-silver 
bath  saturated  with  iodide. 

I  have  tried  washing  the  plates  in  distilled  water,  after 
iodizing,  before  using  the  syrup,  to  economise  it,  giving 
them  only  one  syruping  as  Mu.  SHADBOLT  advises,  but  I 
have  always  got  speckled  negatives.  Perhaps  the  addi- 
tion of  one  grain  of  nitrate  of  silver  to  each  ounce  of  the 
bath  may  prevent  this.  The  honey  should  be  as  little 
acid  as  possible ;  still  the  best  I  have  had  reddens  litmus 
claret  colour.  The  negatives  are  exquisite,  transparent 


lights  and  intense  blacks,  the  carbon  of  the  syrup  aiding 
the  reduction  of  the  silver.  But  there  is  one  drawback  to 
this  process  (in  my  hands  at  least)  which  must  in  fairness 
be  stated,  that  is,  unevenness  of  development,  arising 
from  the  syrup  adhering  unequally.  Wherever  it  is  in 
excess  it  reduces  the  silver  so  intensely,  under  the  pyro., 
as  to  produce  black  blotches,  in  ribbed  films.  Black  lines 
appear,  and  the  margins  of  the  plat6  are,  generally,  from 
this  cause  too  black.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  plate  is 
too  much  washed,  some  parts  will  be  too  weak ;  in  fact, 
with  me,  washing  the  syrup  off  the  plate  is  the  only  diffi- 
culty, that  is,  with  large  plates:  under  6x5  I  am  rarely 
so  teased.  The  longer  the  plate  has  been  kept,  the  more 
difficult  is  the  removal  of  the  syrup,  and  the  greater  the 
risk  of  unequal  development.  I  shall  feel  much  obliged 
to  MR.  SHADBOLT  if  he  will  tell  me  how  to  avoid  this 
annoyance,  which  being  got  rid  of,  this  process  would  b0 
the  most  certain,  rapid,  and  least  troublesome  method  of 
taking  sun-pictures  we  know  of. 

I  take  this  opportunity  to  mention  that  I  now  work 
with  a  small  lens  made  by  Slater.  It  is  only  1§  inch  dia- 
meter, 17  inches  focal  length,  and  with  a  half-inch  stop, 
gives  a  picture  11^x9^  inches,  perfectly  defined  and  illu- 
minated at  the  margins  and  angles,  and  it  works  one- 
fourth  quicker  than  a  3^-inch  lens  I  had  of  the  same  focal 
length.  I  have  long  been  surprised  that,  while  so  much 
attention  has  been  given  by  photographers  to  make  the 
camera  light  and  portable,  none  has  been  directed  to  the 
lenses,  which,  when  large,  are  really  the  most  lumbering 
part  of  the  whole  apparatus.  I  am  expecting  two  smalt 
lenses  of  still  greater  focal  length,  for  very  large  pictures,, 
and  shall  be  happy  to  give  you  the  results,  if  you  think 
they  will  be  interesting  to  your  readers. 

THOS.  L.  MAXSELL. 

Guernsey. 


ta  &ttt0r  C&uerfed. 

Harlot  (Vol.  x.,  p.  207.).  —  On  the  derivation 
of  this  word  I  would  observe  that,  according  to 
Tooke,  the  term  harlot  is  merely  "  horelet,"  the 
diminutive  of  "  hore,"  which  is  the  past  participle 
of  the  verb  hyran,  to  hire.  The  word  therefore 
implied  a  hireling,  or  one  who  received  wages,  and 
in  former  times  was  commonly  applied  to  males. 
I  have  seen  a  deposition  of  the  date  of  1584,  in 
which  a  man  is  stated  to  have  called  another 
"false  harlott."  So  also  in  Chaucer's  Sompners 
Tale  : 

"  A  sturdy  harlot  went  him  aye  behind, 
That  was  her  hostes  man  and  bare  a  sacke."  * 

Hence  also  is  derived  the  term  "varlet."  The 
family  name  "  Hore,"  so  common  in  the  west  of 
England,  arose  in  all  probability  from  the  appli- 
cation of  the  term  in  the  sense  above  mentioned. 

J.  D.  S. 

Taret  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  528.).  —  TYRO  asks  what 
small  insect  is  called  the  taret  f  I  know  of  no 

[*  That  this  word  was  formerly  applied  to  males  ap- 
pears from  the  following  entry  in  the  Records  of  the 
Goldsmiths'  Company,  book  i.  fol.  45.,  a  document  of 
20  Hen.  VI.,  1442:  — "And  while  that  yl  was  doyngc  y« 
seid  fals  harlot  stole  away  owt  of  the  place,  or  elles  'he 
hadde  be  sette  in  ye  stokkis."] 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  264. 


insect  so  called ;  but  taret  is  the  French  name  of 
that  destructive  mollusc  the  ship-worm,  Teredo 
navalis.  EDGAR  MAcCuLLOCH. 

Guernsey. 

Ecclesiastical  Maps  (Vol.  x.,  p.  187.).  —  The 
Valor  Ecclesiasticus  of  Henry  VIII.,  published  by 
the  Record  Commission,  contains  maps  of  the 
dioceses,  as  they  then  existed,  with  their  divisions 
into  archdeaconries,  deaneries,  &c. 

EDGAR  MACCUIXOCH. 

Guernsey. 

Were  Cannon  used  at  Crecy  ?  (Vol.  x.,  p.  306.). 
—  This  has  been  long  a  qucestio  vexata ;  but  not- 
withstanding the  statement  of  S.  R.  P.,  whose 
informant  was  a  lad,  and  such  information  there- 
fore very  problematical,  I  am  inclined  to  the 
negative.  For  not  only  are  our  old  Latin  chroni- 
clers, but  our  English  historians  also,  as  Holinshed 
and  Speed,  wholly  silent  upon  this  subject.  Even 
Froissart,  a  cotemporary  and  a  Frenchman, 
makes  no  allusion  to  these  terrible  thunderbolts 
of  war.  Such  a  statement  seems  to  rest  on  the 
one-sided  authority  of  French  writers  —  as  Me- 
zerai,  Larrey,  and  others ;  making  it  a  sort  of 
palliative  of  this  extraordinary  defeat  of  their 
countrymen.  The  former  says  that  these  hitherto 
unknown  and  formidable  engines  induced  them 
to  believe  that  they  were  combating  with  devils 
rather  than  men : 

"  Les  nostres  voyant  ces  instrumens  inconnus  tonner 
et  vomir  tout  a  la'fois  des  nuees  de  flame  et  de  fumee, 
prirent  Vipouvante,  et  crurent  avoir  plutost  affaire  a  des 
demons  qu'a  des  hommes." 

The  latter  : 

"  On  dit  que  ce  fut  la  premiere  fois  qu'on  se  servit  de 
canon  dans  les  batailles,  et  qu'il  y  en  avoit  cinq  pieces 
dans  1'armee  Angloise,  qui  contribuerent  beaucoup  a  aug- 
menter  la  te.rre.ur  des  Franyois,"  &c. 

C.  H.  (1) 

St.  Barnabas  (Vol.  x.,  p.  289.)-  — Mr.  Landon, 
in  his  Ecclesiastical  Dictionary  (BARNABAS,  SAINT), 
states  that  — 

"  The  church  of  Toulouse  pretends  to  possess  his  (St. 
Barnabas')  body,  and  no  less  than  eight  or  nine  other 
churches  lay  claim  to  the  possession  of  his  head." 

Is  it  not  probable  that  some  of  these  churches  are 
dedicated  to  the  Saint  ?  ANON. 

Andrea  Ferrara  (Vol.  x.,  p.  224.). — Many 
of  what  are  called  "  Andrea  Ferrara  swords,"  or 
claymores,  are  yet  to  be  seen  here  and  there  in 
Scotland.  They  have  what  is  usually  termed 
"  sheep-head  handles,"  from  their  round  form  and 
supposed  resemblance  to  the  skull  of  the  animal ; 
the  name  "  Andrea  Ferrara"  struck,  or  rudely 
engraved,  on  the  blade  ;  and  are  very  much  prized 
by  connoisseurs  for  their  fine  quality  of  steel,  elas- 
ticity of  bending,  and  excellent  workmanship.  In 
most  cases  they  are  shown  as  relics  of  the  Scottish 


"rebellions"  of  1715  and  1745.  Who  the  maker 
was,  I  have  never  heard  any  clearer  account  than 
that  he  was  one  Andrea,  who  lived  in  Ferrara  in 
Italy,  a  celebrated  manufacturer  of  such  weapons ; 
and  as  a  topic  not  without  interest,  it  might  be 
worth  while  for  CENTURION,  or  some  one  else  of  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  to  attempt  throwing  a  little 
light  on  his  history. 

I  think  it  may  be  presumed  that  Andrea  never 
had  a  "  blacksmith  shop,"  or  residence  anywhere 
either  in  the  "  Highlands  "  or  Lowlands  of  Scot- 
land ;  or  we  would  have  had  some  better  floating 
intelligence  respecting  him, — at  least  so  far  as  I  am 
aware.  From  the  French  assistance  given  to  the 
Scottish  rebellions,  there  is  the  greatest  likelihood 
that  these  swords  had  been  sent  to  Scotland  by 
the  continental  auxiliaries,  or  brought  along  with 
their  troops,  or  procured  to  the  disaffected  chiefs 
and  clans  through  the  influence  of  the  "  young 
Pretender ; "  and  at  the  termination  of  the  strug- 
gle had  been  left  in  the  country,  provided  that  the 
Duke  of  Cumberland  could  not  lay  hands  on 
them.  War  instruments  of  various  kinds  are 
asserted  to  have  been  dug  from  the  field  of  Cul- 
loden,  and  other  places  of  note :  it  is,  however, 
thought  that  numbers  of  these  are  forgeries,  as 
well  as  a  considerable  portion  of  the  extant  blades 
of  Andrea,  whose  fame  and  skill  as  an  artizan 
had  induced  others  to  imitate  them,  and  to  use 
his  name  on  their  works  without  his  permission. 
Perhaps  there  are  genuine  specimens  still  in  the 
Tower  of  London,  where  it  strikes  me  I  saw  them 
on  a  tour  in  the  year  1825  ;  and  from  which  an 
armourer,  or  expert  judge,  might  be  able  to  de- 
cide pretty  nearly  as  to  the  place  of  their  manu- 
facture. G.  N. 

Death  and  Sleep  (Vol.  x.,  p.  356.). — There  are 
several  translations  or  imitations  of  the  elegant 
lines  which  have  been  sent  you  by  J.  G.  Some 
of  them  may  be  interesting  to  your  readers.  One 
by  William  Meyler : 

"  Emblem  of  Death !  come  soothing,  balmy  Sleep  I 
Friend  of  my  pillow !  o'er  my  eyelids  creep ; 
Soft  let  me  slumber,  gently  breathing  sigh, 
Live  without  life,  and  without  dying  die ! " 

Another  by  Peter  Pindar  : 

"  Come,  gentle  Sleep,  attend  thy  vot'ry's  pray'r, 
And  tho'  Death's  image  to  my  couch  repair. 
How  sweet,  thus  lifeless,  yet  with  life  to  lie, 
Thus,  without  dying,  oh  f  how  sweet  to  die ! " 

And  a  third  printed  anonymously  : 

"  Come,  gentle  Sleep,  tho'  picture  of  the  dead, 
Be  still  the  constant  partner  of  my  bed : 
Sweet,  thus  to  die,  and  yet  retain  my  breath ; 
And  sweet,  thus  living,  to  repose  in  death." 

D.  S. 

General  Prim  (Vol.  x.,  p.  287.).—  This  distin- 
guished general  officer  is  a  Spaniard  ;  and  has  not, 
as  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  any  admixture  of 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


413 


Irish  blood  in  his  veins.  Perhaps  MR.  GRAVES 
will  find  a  portrait  and  memoir  of  the  general  in 
the  volumes  of  the  Illustrated  London  News,  as 
General  Prim  has  been  a  "celebrity"  in  Spanish 
affairs  ever  since  the  Carlist  war  in  1835.  Many 
of  the  Spanish  names  in  the  Basque  Provinces  are 
monosyllabic, — such  as  Prim,  Blake,  &c.  General 
O'Donnell,  too,  is  exclusively  of  Spanish  origin  ; 
and  I  believe  that  the  names  of  Blake,  O'Donnell, 
and  others,  which  are  to  be  found  in  the  west 
of  Ireland,  were  originally  imported  thither  by 
Spanish  colonists  in  the  commencement  of  the 
sixth  century.  Many  Spaniards  have  remarked 
the  similarity  of  features  between  their  compa- 
triots and  the  Irish  generally,  but  especially  the 
inhabitants  of  Galway ;  and  only  recently,  Mr. 
Solomon,  Professor  of  Hebrew  at  King's  College, 
remarked  to  me,  that  in  a  tour  which  he  had 
lately  made  in  Ireland,  he  had  observed  many 
Irishmen  with  a  great  resemblance  to  Jews,  and 
especially  to  Spanish  Jews.  As  an  instance  of 
the  justice  of  my  remarks,  I  beg  to  adduce  the 
example  of  Mr.  Edmund  O'Flaherty,  of  Galway, 
late  Commissioner  of  Income  Tax,  who  might 
have  been  easily  mistaken  for  a  Jew,  both  in  face 
and  figure. 

The  surname  "Prim"  is  an  abbreviation  of  the 
Spanish  word  prima,  which  signifies  "  the  first  of 
the  canonical  hours,"  for  a  reference  to  which  I 
refer  you  to  Holy  Thoughts  and  Prayers,  published 
at  the  office  of  your  valuable  journal.  JUVERNA. 

Herbert  Thorndihe  (Vol.  x.,  p.  287.).  —  MR. 
HADDAN  is  informed  that  there  is  an  abstract  of 
the  will  of  this  eminent  divine  in  the  Lansdowne 
MSS.,  taken  from  the  Registry  in  Doctors'  Com- 
mons, anno  1672.  C.  H.  (1) 

Who  struck  George  IV.  ?  (Vol.  x.,  p.  125.).— 
I  have  always  understood  this  to  have  been  the 
late  Marquis  of  Hertford,  then  Lord  Yarmouth. 
There  was  a  caricature  of  the  period  in  reference 
to  this,  entitled  "  A  Kick  from  Yarmouth  to 
Wales."  *  G.  B. 

[*  In  1812  appeared  the  following  squib,  which  was 

immediately   suppressed :    "  R 1   Stripes,   or  a   Kick 

from  Yar h  to  Wa s,  with  the  particulars  of  an 

Expedition  to  Oatlands,  and   the  Sprained  Ancle.     By 

P P ,   Poet   Laureate."     It  is  criticised  in   The 

Satirist,  vol.  x.  p.  200.,  which  concludes  with  the  fol- 
lowing remarks  :  —  "  The  pamphlet  concludes,  like  the 
ghost  of  it,  with  the  villanous  falsehood  that  Lord 
Y th  struck  the  P e  R 1  for  having  taken  im- 
proper liberties  with  Lady  Y th,  who,  it  is  notorious, 

has  been  for  many  years  in  Florence,  where  she  still  re- 
mains ;  and  it  is  equally  notorious  that  his  Lordship  and 
H.  R.  H.  are  still  in  the  habits  of  daily  and  friendly  in- 
tercourse. Such,  and  so  infamous,  is  the  pamphlet  which 
it  has  been  thought  necessary  to  suppress,  and  which  cer- 
tainly ought  to  have  been  suppressed,  though  not  from  a 

bribe  from  Colonel  M'M ,  but  by  a  prosecution  from 

the  Attorney-General,"] 


"  Amalasont,  Queen  of  the  Goths "  (Vol.  x., 
p.  266.).  — In  1794  the  MS.  of  this  tragedy,  by 
John  Hughes,  was  in  the  possession  of  the  family 
of  the  Rev.  John  Duncombe,  the  son  of  W  illiam 
Duncombe,  Esq.,  who  married  Elizabeth,  sister  of 
Mr.  Hughes ;  and  edited  both  the  letters  and  the 
poems  of  his  brother-in-law.  The  Rev.  John 
Duncombe  was  vicar  of  Herne,  in  Kent,  and  a 
six  preacher  at  Canterbury  Cathedral,  rector  of 
St.  Mary,  Bredman,  and  Master  of  Harbledown : 
he  died  early  in  1786.  His  widow,  who  was  the 
daughter  of  Joseph  Highmore,  Esq.,  an  eminent 
portrait  and  historical  painter  and  man  of  letters, 
nephew  and  pupil  of  Thomas  Highmore,  Serjeant- 
painter,  survived  until  1812  ;  and  their  only  child 
Anna  Maria  until  1825  :  the  widow  and  daughter 
resided  and  died  at  Canterbury.  I  think  it  pro- 
bable that  the  Rev.  John  Duncombe's  papers  are 
with  some  of  the  Highmore  family,  and  perhaps 
this  may  meet  the  eye  of  the  depositary.  A  sight 
of  them  would  be  of  interest  and  use  to  me.  J.  K. 

Double  Christian  Names  (Vol.  x.,  p.  133.).  — 
May  I  be  permitted  to  inform  your  correspondent 
MR.  MARKLAND  that  he  is  in  error  when  supposing 
that  John  James  Sandilands  was  a  Knight  of 
Malta  in  1564,  at  the  early  age  of  eight  years,  as 
his  Note  would  make  him.  No  person  could 
obtain  this  dignity  until  he  was  sixteen  years  old, 
and  then  only  as  a  special  mark  of  favour  and 
grace.  The  earliest  instance  of  double  Christian 
names  yet  mentioned  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  is  that  of  the 
above-named  knight.  W.  W. 

Malta. 

Add  to  the  few  instances  of  such  names  which 
occur  in  the  sixteenth  century,  that  of  the  fifth 
son  of  Sir  John  Croke  of  Chilton,  Paulus  Am- 
brosius  Croke,  born  about  1564,  and  admitted  to 
the  Inner  Temple  1582.  (Genealogical  History  of 
the  Croke  Family,  p.  453.)  Also  Thomas  Mary 
Wyngfyld,  member  of  parliament  for  Huntingdon 
in  the  sixth  year  of  Edward  VI.,  1553.  (Collection 
of  Records  at  Huntingdon,  p.  94.)  W.  DENTON. 

Stone  Shot  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  223.  335.).  — 

"  The  following  was  the  equipment  of  the  ship  which 
in  1406,  7  Henry  IV.,  carried  Philippa  his  sister,  Queen 
of  Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Norway,  to  her  home;  two 
guns,  forty  pounds  of  powder,  forty  stones  for  guns,"  &c. 
—  Ellis's  Original  Letters,  2nd  series,  vol.  i.  p.  67.  note. 

"  This  day  was  caryed  oute  of  the  castell  to  the  water 
syde  a  greate  piece  of  ordenaunce  of  iij  yerds  longe  and 
mor,  unstocked,  which  shoteth  a  ston  bygger  than  a 
greate  peny  lof,  as  I  am  informed."  —  "  Letter  of  Dr. 
West  to  Henry  VIII.,  written  from  Edinburgh,  1513 : " 
Ellis's  Original  Letters,  1st  series,  vol.  i.  p.  70. 

With  wheat  at  four  shillings  a  quarter,  the  usual 
price  at  that  time,  the  penny  loaf  would  be  of  very 
formidable  dimensions. 

In  an  account  of  "  ordennce  and  artilery  de- 
lyved  by  Sr  Sampson  Norton,  by  vertue  of  the 


414 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


king's  warrunts  "  (Illustrations  of  British  History, 
vol.  i.  pp.  3, 4.),  dated  according  to  Lodge  in  1515, 
but  probably  rather  earlier,  we  find  mention  of 
"  gone  stones  of  stone,"  "  gone  stones  of  iron," 
"  gone  stones  of  lead ; "  the  quantity  of  the  former, 
however,  greatly  exceeding  those  of  the  latter 
description.  From  "stone"  being  used  as  the 
generic  name  for  a  cannon-ball,  it  is  evident  that 
up  to  this  time  at  least  the  ball  was  made  of  stone, 
whilst  it  is  for  the  same  reason  doubtful  whether 
the  words  "  stones  for  guns  "  always  mean  what  we 
understand  by  stones.  W.  DENTON. 

"  Elim  and  .3fana"|(VoL  x.,  p.  263.).  —  It  may 
be  of  little  interest  to  J.  M.  to  mention  that  in 
relation  to  the  authorship  of  this  pamphlet,  I  have 
made  inquiry  of  a  gentleman  now  eighty-five 
years  of  age,  who  in  political  life  was  well  aware 
of  most  of  the  circumstances  of  the  year  1792, 
and  also  of  another  intelligent  gentleman,  the  son 
of  one  of  those  "  patriots  "  who  suffered  the  penalty 
of  banishment ;  either  of  whom  never  heard  of  the 
production.  One  who  I  am  sure  could  have  an- 
swered the  question  is  dead  about  thirty  years 
ago.  He  was  a  mine  of  information  on  such 
liberal  points,  and  in  his  early  life,  when  a  student 
at  the  University  of  Glasgow,  was  with  two  or 
three  others  expelled  for  his  having  been  thought 
in  certain  quarters  rather  unceremoniously  to 
have  insisted  upon  a  royal  commission  of  visitation 
to  Alma  Mater.  I  possess  a  number  of  curious 
documents  connected  with  some  of  the  political 
occurrences  of  those  times,  which  have  descended 
to  me  from  my  father,  who  was  a  member  of  one 
of  the  societies  for  parliamentary  reform  in  1792, 
under  the  denomination  of  "  The  Associated 
Friends  of  the  Constitution  and  of  the  People," 
with  which  Thomas  Muir,  of  Huntershill,  was 
concerned,  and  for  whom  the  reformers  of  that 
period  entertained  such  affection,  that  they  had 
a  fine  engraving  executed  by  Holloway,  of  his 
bust  by  Banks,  which  is  still  cherished.  In  none 
of  the  documents  referred  to  (printed  and  in  MS.) 
do  I  find  any  traces  of  the  pamphlet,  or  hint 
otherwise  bearing  on  the  subject.  If  my  opinion 
be  worth  anything,  I  think  there  is  a  probability 
of  its  having  been  written  by  Thomas  Muir  him- 
self. I  have  a  book  which  belonged  to  his  library, 
entitled  Lcs  Crimes  des  Rois  de  France,  published 
at  Paris  in  the  heat  of  the  revolutionary  commo- 
tions, on  the  fly-leaf  of  which  I  long  since  made  a 
note  of  some  verses  that  he  had  inscribed  on  a 
book  presented  by  him  to  the  Antonian  Monks  of 
St.  Sebastian,  dated  23rd  July,  1794,  where  the 
ship  had  touched  on  her  voyage  out  to  the  place 
of  his  banishment.  In  these  verses  is  the  same 
quotation  from  Virgil,  "  Et  nos  patriaa  fines,"  &c., 
as  appears  on  the  title-page  of  Elim  and  Maria, 
which  is  at  least  a  striking  coincidence.  These 
names  may,  I  think,  be  considered  fictitious,  or 


something  known  may  have  been  couched  under 
them  in  the  incidents  of  the  period  now  lost. 
Perhaps  "  Elim  "  was  used  figuratively  in  respect 
to  the  place  recommended  to  the  emigrants  as 
being  a  good  settlement  for  them,  and  is  the  same 
name  as  that  place  at  which  the  oppressed  Israelites 
encamped  in  the  Wilderness,  with  its  "  twelve 
fountains  of  waters  and  threescore  and  ten  palm- 
trees." 

Other  tracts,  fatherless  and  motherless  babes, 
kind  of  political  Martin  Mar-prelates,  were  also 
about  that  time  clandestinely  printed  and  circu- 
lated in  Glasgow,  such  as  Fragments  on  Human 
Debasement,  and  The  Origin  of  Kings,  both, 
poetical.  G.  N. 

Glasgow. 

Longfellow  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  424.). — My  suggested 
derivation  was  purely  conjectural,  but  I  think 
very  probable.  Tallboy  is  a  name  on  which  I 
will  not  presume  to  speculate,  never  having  seen 
it  before.  There  is  an  old  baronial  patronymic 
not  unlike  it,  Talboys ;  which  is,  I  believe,  of 
Norman  origin,  and  of  kindred  meaning  to  the 
English  Woodman,,  and  Forester  or  Forster 
(71az?Ze-&ozs=cut-wood).  W.  P.  STOREB. 

Olney,  Bucks. 

Artificial  Ice  (Vol.  x.,  p.  290.).  — The  material 
for  skating  upon,  to  which  J.  P.  O.  alludes,  was 
not  frozen  water,  but  a  saponaceous  substance 
laid  down  in  blocks.  When  cut  up  by  the  skates, 
the  surface  was  restored  by  rolling  it  with  hot 
iron  cylinders.  W.  J.  BERNIIARD  SMITH. 

Temple. 

Inscriptions  on  Bells  (Vol.  x.,  p.  255.).  — May  I 
be  allowed  to  correct  the  Note  of  an  anonymous 
contributor  as  to  the  bells  in  Tiverton  tower. 
Perhaps  he  has  never  examined  them,  but  took 
his  account  from  some  local  history.  I  was  in  the 
tower  last  year,  and  I  read  the  bells  thus  : 

1.  W.  E.  "  Glory  to  God  in  the  highest,  1737." 

2.  Do.  "  And  on  earth  peace,  1737." 

3.  Do.  "  Good  will  towards  men,  1737." 

4.  Do.  "  Prosperity  to  all  our  benefactors,  1737." 

5.  "  Win.  Evans  of  Chepstowe  cast  us  all,  1737." 
G.  "  Thomas  Bilbie  of  Colomptou  fecit,  1791." 

7.  "W.   E.,   1737.    Mr.   Thos.   Anstey,    Mr.   Clement 
Govett,  Churchwardens." 

8.  Do.  "  1737.    Mr.  John   Owen,  Churchwarden,  and 
George  Osmond,  Esq.,  Mayor,  1736." 

If  ANON,  will  take  the  trouble  to  wend  his  way 
into  a  few  of  our  old  towers,  he  will  see  many 
similar  legends.  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Clyst  St.  George. 

Words  used  in  Cornwall  (Vol.  x.,  p.  300.).  — 
Chcem.     German,  keimen,  to  sprout. 
Clopp.    French,  eclope,  lamed  of  one  foot. 
Dring.     German,  dringen,  to  squeeze. 

II.  F.  B. 


NOT.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


415 


Grammars  for  Public  Schools  (Vol.  x.,  p.  254.). 
— The  following  may  be  added  to  the  list : 

"  Elementa  Linguae  Graecze ;  novis  plerumque  Eegulis 
tradita,  brevitate  sua  memoriaa  facilibus  Pars  prima,  com- 
plectens  Partes  Orationis  declinabiles,  et  Analogiam  duas 
iu  unam  Syllabus  contrahendi,  ex  ipsa  Vocalium  Natura 
deductam,  et  Kegulis  universalibus  traditam.  In  usnm 
Tyronum  Juniorum.  Classis  Grsecaj  in  Acadeuiia  Glas- 
guensi  Editio  nova  prioribus  auctior  et  emendatior.  Studio 
Jacobi  Moor,  LL.D.,  in  eadem  Acad.  Litt.  Grasc.  Prof." 
Glasgow,  1770,  8vo. 

"  Of  Moor's  Grammar  the  subsequent  editions  are  very 
numerous.  Some  editors  have  illustrated'  his  book  with 
annotations ;  and  some  authors  have,  without  much 
scruple,  availed  themselves  of  his  labours."  —  Lives  of 
Scottish  Writers,  by  David  Irving,  LL.D.,  Edin.,  1851, 
vol.  ii.  p.  300. 

To  tliis  day  his  Grammar  is  a  popular  school- 
book,  and  I  believe  some  years  ago  was  put  into 
an  English  dress  ;  but  I  have  not  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  seeing  the  edition. 

This  eminent  Grecian,  who  assisted  the  Messrs. 
Foulis  in  bringing  forward  so  many  beautiful 
editions  of  the  classics,  was  born  at  Glasgow, 
June  22,  1712  ;  elected  to  the  Greek  chair,  June 
.27,  1746  ;  resigned  on  May  5,  1774  ;  and  died  at 
Glasgow  on  Sept.  17,  1779.  G.  N. 

Gules,  a  Lion  ram-pant  or  (Vol.  x.,  p.  184.). — 
The  arms  blazoned  as  in  this  Query  are  not  borne 
by  any  ancient  family  of  Devonshire.  Those  fa- 
milies whose  arms  approach  the  nearest  to  them 
are  Ameredith,  Ivie,  Morice,  and  Northmore;  but 
the  crest  does  not  accord  with  either  of  them. 

J.  D.  S. 

Haberdasher  (Vol.  x.,  p.  304.).  —  I  do  not  think 
that,  any  instance  of  the  application  of  the  appel- 
lation or  nickname,  "  What  d'ye  lack,"  to  haber- 
dashers will  be  found  in  the  works  of  Taylor  the 
Water-poet.  I  have  searched  for  one  without 
success.  In  "An  Apology  for  Watermen"  (Tay- 
lor's Works,  London,  1630,  p.  267.)  he  speaks  of 
mercers,  drapers,  and  goldsmiths  as  using  this  cry, 
but  does  not  mention  haberdashers  ;  which  we 
may  be  sure  he  would  have  done,  if  he  had  been 
aware  of  any  peculiar  application  of  the  expres-^ 
sion  to  them.  He  mentions  the  "  habberdasher  of 
small  wares"  in  "  The  Praise  of  Hempseed." 

A.  F.  B. 

Diss. 

German,  HafertascJie ;  French,  Havresac ;  bags- 
man,  pedlar,  haberdasher.  H.  F.  B. 

The  Evil  Eye  in  Scripture  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  142.). 
—  The  passage  quoted  by  L.  from  James  iv.  5. 
is  less  conclusive  than  Mark  vii.  21,  22. :  "From 

within proceeds an  evil  eye." 

See  also  Deut.  xv.  9.,  and  xxviii.  54. ;  and  Mat- 
thew xx.  15.  J.  P. 

Birmingham. 


"  The  arch-flatterer  is  a  man's  self"  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  142.).- 

"  Self-love,  that  grand  flatterer  within,  willingly  en- 
tertains another  from  without,  who  will  but  soothe  up  and 
second  the  man  in  the  good  opinions  he  has  conceived  of 
himself."  —  Plutarch,  "  How  to  know  a  Flatterer  from  a 
Friend." 

Again  : 

"We  ourselves  are  our  greatest  flatterers." —  Seneca's 
Morals  by  way  of  Abstract,  by  R.  L'Estrange,  1682,  p.  167. 

J.P. 

Birmingham. 

Topham  the  Antiquary  (Vol.  x.,  p.  366.).  — In 
addition  to  what  has  already  been  given  respecting 
Mr.  Topham's  library,  add  the  following  from 
Sims's  Handbook  to  the  Library  of  the  British 
Museum,  p.  150. : 

"  Topham  Charters.  —  This  small  but  interesting  col- 
lection of  original  deeds  was  purchased  at  the  sale  of  Mr. 
Topham's  library,  in  February,  1804.  They  are  fifty-six 
in  number,  all  charters,  and  relate  to  lands  granted  to 
various  -religious  houses  in  England,  more  especially  to 
the  Hospital  of  St.  Giles,  at  Norwich.  A  short  descrip- 
tion, in  manuscript,  of  each  document  will  be  found 
bound  up  in  the  same  volume  with  the  Lansdowne  Collec- 
tion of  Charters  and  Rolls,  and  can  be  had  upon  appli- 
cation to  an  attendant  in  the  room.  These  charters  have 
but  one  set  of  numbers,  and  are  marked  from  1 — 56  con- 
secutively, with  the  letter  T  prefixed  to  each  number."  . 

J.  YEOWELL. 

Impossibilities  of  History  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  72.).  — 
The  diabolical  descent  of  the  Plantagenets  is  not 
from  Robert  the  Devil,  father  of  William,  the 
Conqueror,  but  from  the  Counts  of  Anjou,  whose 
pedigree  is  as  follows. 

Ingerger  was  the  father  of  Fulque  le  Roux, 
Earl  of  Anjou,  who  was  father  of  Fulque  le  Bon, 
Earl  of  Anjou,  the  father  of  Geoffrey  Grisegonelle, 
Earl  of  Anjou,  father  of  Fulque  Nerra,  Earl  of 
Anjou,  who  was  father  of  Geoffrey  Martel  I.,  Earl 
of  Anjou  (ob.  s.p.~),  and  of  Hermengarde,  Countess 
of  Anjou,  who  married  Geoffrey,  Earl  of  Gatinois, 
by  whom  she  had  Geoffrey  le  Barbu,  Earl  of 
Anjou  (ob.  s.p.),  and  Fulque  le  Rechin,  Earl  of 
Anjou,  who  married  a  witch.  Their  issue  was 
Geoffrey  Martel  II.,  Earl  of  Anjou  (ob.  s.p.),  and 
Fulque  V.,  Earl  of  Anjou  and  King  of  Jerusalem, 
who  married  Ermengarde,  by  whom  she  had  Geof- 
frey Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Anjou,  who  married 
Matilda,  daughter  of  Henry  I.,  King  of  England. 
These  were  the  parents  of  Henry  II. 

The  witch-countess  always  attended  divine  ser- 
vice, but  made  a  point  of  leaving  the  church  just 
before  the  consecration  of  the  Holy  Eucharist. 
This  of  course  gave  rise  to  many  remarks  not 
very  favourable  to  the  orthodoxy  of  the  countess, 
nor  particularly  agreeable  to  her  husband,  who 
was  not  the  mildest  of  men,  as  his  nickname  im- 
plies. He  determined  to  put  a  stop  to  them,  and 
ordered  four  of  his  retainers  to  seize  the  countess 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


as  she  was  leaving  the  church,  and  to  compel  her 
to  remain  till  the  end  of  the  service.  They  did 
so,  but  as  soon  as  the  consecration  took  place,  the 
countess  shrieked,  burst  from  her  guards,  flew 
through  the  church  window,  and  was  never  more 
seen.  M.  P. 

Buying  the  Devil  (Vol.  x.,  p.  365.).  —  "  Buying 
and  selling  the  devil "  has  long  been  a  proverbial 
expression ;  but  that  such  a  traffic  was  ever  ac- 
tually negotiated  will  scarcely  be  credited  :  never- 
theless, Blount's  Law  Dictionary,  under  the  article 
Conventio,  gives  an  instance  of  this  sale.  The 
story  is  extracted  from  the  court  rolls  of  the 
manor  of  Hatfield,  near  the  isle  of  Axholme,  in  i 
Yorkshire.  A  copy  of  it  is  given  in  the  Anti-  \ 
qua.rian  Repertory,  vol.  ii.  p.  395.,  together  with 
the  following  English  translation  : 

"Curia  tenta  apud  Hatfield  die  Mercorii  prox.  post 
festum.  Anno  xi°  Edw.  III.,  1337." 

"  Robert  de  Roderham  appeared  against  John  de  Ithon, 
for  that  he  had  not  kept  the  agreement  made  between  j 
them,  and  therefore  complains  that  on  a  certain  day  and 
year,  at  Thorne,  there  was  an  agreement  between  the  j 
aforesaid  Robert  and  John,  whereby  the  said  John  sold 
to  the  said  Robert  the  Devil,  bound  in  a  certain  bond,  for  ; 
threepence  farthing,  and  thereupon  the  said  Robert  de-  , 
livered  to  the  said  John  one  farthing  as  earnest-money,  : 
by  which  the  property  of  the  said  Devil  rested  in  the 
person  of  the   said  Robert,   to  have  livery  of  the   said 
Devil  on  the  fourth  day  next  following ;  at  which  day 
the  said  Robert  came  to  the  forenamed  John,  and  asked 
delivery  of  the  said  Devil,  according  to  the  agreement 
between  them  made.  But  the  said  John  refused  to  deliver 
the  said  Devil,  nor  has  he  yet  done  it,  &e.,  to  the  great 
damage  of  the  said  Robert,  to  the  amount  of  60s.,  and  he 
has  therefore  brought  his  suit,  &c. 

"  The  said  John  came,  &c.,  and  did  not  deny  the  said 
agreement;  and  because  it  appeared  to  the  Court  that 
such  a  suit  ought  not  to  subsist  among  Christians,  the 
aforesaid  parties  are  therefore  adjourned  to  the  infernal 
regions,  there  to  hear  their  judgment,  and  both  parties 
were  amerced,  &c.  by  William  De  Scargell,  Seneschal." 

J.  YEOWELL. 

Charles  I.  and  his  Relics  (Vol.  x.,  p.  245.).  — 
Having  read  a  paragraph  on  this  touching  por- 
tion of  our  history  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  it  may  not  be 
amiss  to  apprise  G.  N.  that  the  Prayer  Book  used 
by  the  martyr-king,  after  his  sentence,  is  now, 
and  has  been  since  that  tragical  event,  in  the 
possession  of  the  Evelyn  family  of  Wotton  Park, 
near  Dorking.  The  present  owner  of  that  de- 
mesne is  a  descendant  of  the  celebrated  John 
Evelyn,  who  was  a  staunch  loyalist,  and  co- 
temporary  with  the  ill-fated  Charles.  C.  H.  (1) 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

One  of  the  best  characteristics  of  the  literature  of  the 
present  day  is  the  absence  from  all  the  higher  journals  of 
articles  animadverting  on  personal  character  or  conduct. 


One  of  those  exceptions  which  confirm  the  rule  was  made 
by  Tlie  Athenceum,  on  Saturday  the  28th  ult.,  in  a  review 
of  The  Handbook  for  Advertisers,  a  book  obviously  issued 
as  a  part  of  a  system  of  puffery  almost  unexampled,  ex- 
ercised in  behalf  of  The  Critic,  Law  Times,  &c.,  of  which 
journals  we  should  think  nothing  worse  could  be  said 
than  that  they  should  require  such  aid.  In  furtherance 
of  his  object,  the  author  of  The  Handbook  not  only  ignores 
the  existence  of  The  Literary  Gazette,  Tlie  Examiner, 
The  Spectator,  and  Notes  and  Queries,  as  literary  papers, 
but  makes  a  statement  of  the  sales  of  his  own  journals, 
based  on  the  Stamp  Office  Returns,  which  the  reviewer 
shows  to  be  absolutely  untrue.  We  say  his  own  journals, 
because  we  think  The.  Athenceum  identifies  pretty  dis- 
tinctly the  writer  of  The  Handbook  with  Mr.  William 
Edward  Cox  —  the  proprietor  of  the  journals  to  be  puffed 
—  a  barrister,  whose  connexion  with  the  Law  Times 
formed  the  subject  of  a  pungent  article  in  Fraser's  Ma- 
gazine for  November,  1852.  The  Athenceum  deserves  the 
thanks  of  the  respectable  portion  of  the  press  for  the 
manner  in  which  it  has  entered  upon  this  question,  which 
it  well  describes  as  one  of  "  literary  honour  and  business 
integrity." 

The  memory  of  the  learned  author  of  the  Fasti  Hel- 
lenici  and  Fasti  Romani  must  be  held  in  honour  by  every 
classical  scholar ;  and  every  such  scholar  will  read  with 
interest  the  record  of  his  persevering  and  continuous 
studies  in  the  recently  published  Literary  Remains  of 
Henry  Fynes  Clinton,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Author  of  the  Fasti 
Hellenici,  Sfc. ;  consisting  of  an  Autobiography  and  Literary 
Journal,  and  Brief  Essays  on  Ttteological  Subjects,  edited 
by  The  Rev.  C.  J.  Fynes  Clinton,  ALA.  The  book,  al- 
though of  a  nature  that  can  never  make  it  a  popular  one, 
is  worthy  of  note  on  many  accounts.  It  furnishes  an  im- 
portant lesson  to  the  man  of  letters,  by  showing  the  vast 
amount  of  preliminary  study  and  intellectual  labour  by 
which  Mr.  Fynes  Clmton  fitted  himself  for  the  great 
works  which  he  accomplished ;  and  exhibits  a  picture  of 
the  inner  life  of  a  man  of  profound  learning,  sound  sense, 
and  deep  and  unaffected  piety,  delightful  to  contemplate. 

Of  somewhat  cognate  character,  inasmuch  as  it  pictures 
to  us  the  mind  of  the  accomplished  writer,  is  Mrs.  Jame- 
son's new  volume,  A  Common-place  Book  of  Thoughts, 
Memories,  and  Fancies,  original  and  selected.  Part  I. 
Ethics  and  Character.  Part  II.  Literature  and  Art,  with 
Illustrations  and  Etchings.  Mrs.  Jameson,  who  might 
apply  to  herself  the  line  of  Leigh  Hunt's  — 

"  I  who  do  love  the  beautiful  of  things,"  — 

and  who  insists  upon  the  Good  and  the  True  as  the  ele- 
ments and  essentials  of  the  Beautiful,  has  given  us  in  this 
handsome  volume  the  results  of  her  habit  of  making  a 
memorandum  of  any  thought  which  might  come  across 
her,  and  of  marking  or  remarking  any  passage  in  a  book 
which  excited  either  a  sympathetic  or  an  antagonistic 
feeling  —  a  habit  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  her  works 
on  Shakspeare's  Women,  and  on  Sacred  and  Legendary 
Art.  The  volume  before  us  contains  the  fragments  that 
remained  after  her  various  other  works  had  been  formed 
from  materials  so  gathered  together.  She  speaks  modestly 
of  it  as  a  book  which  "  can  do  good  only  in  one  way.  It 
may,  like  conversation  with  a  friend,  open  up  sources  of 
sympathy  and  reflection  ;  excite  to  argument,  agreement 
or  disagreement,  and,  like  every  spontaneous  utterance  of 
thought  out  of  an  earnest  mind,  suggest  far  higher  and 
better  thoughts  than  any  to  be  found  here  to  higher  and 
more  productive  minds."  The  work,  which,  like  all  Mrs. 
Jameson's  later  productions,  is  rich  in  artistic  beauty, 
etchings  and  woodcuts  alike  redolent  of  grace,  is  destined 
to  extend  still  more  widely  the  reputation  of  the  authoress, 
as  one  who  thinks  deeply  and  writes  wisely. 


Nov.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

BYRON'S  Don  JUAN.    24mo.    Vol.  II.    Murray,  1837. 

SCOTT'S  TALES  OF  A  GRANDFATHER.    I8mo.     v  ol.  I.  Cadell,  Edinburgh. 

»»»  Letters,  statins  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free,  to  be 
sent  to  MR.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "NOTES  AND  QUERIES," 
186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent  direct  to 
the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose : 

NORFOLK  ARCHEOLOGY.    Vol.  I. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Weston,  89.  Chancery  Lane. 


Jvtfivs  IDENTIFIED  WITH  A  DISTINGUISHED  LIVING  POLITICAL  CHARACTER, 
by  Woodfall,  Junior. 

"Wanted  by  William  Sfiort,  Esq.,  1.  Newman's  Court,  Comhill. 


Javirs'  LETTERS,  edited  by  Heron.    2  Vols.  8vo.    1802. 
A  COMFLEAT  Kiiy  TO  THE  DuNciAo,  by  E.  Curll.    12mo.    1728. 
LETTERS,  POEMS.  AND  TALES,  &c..  between  Dr.  Swift,  Mrs.  Anne  Lone, 
and  several  Persons  of  Distinction.   Curll.   8vo.    1716  (or  thereabouts). 
FAMILIAR  LETTERS  TO  H.  CROMWELL,  by  Mr.  Pope.    Curll.     1727. 
GAT'«  MISCELLANEOUS  WORKS.    4  Vols.  12mo.     1773. 

"Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  Esq.,  25.  Holy  well  Street,  Millbank, 
Westminster. 


THE  CANTERBURY  TALES  OF  GEOFFREY  CHAUCBR.     Edited  by  Thomas 

Wright,  Esq.    Vols.  I.  &  II.    Percy  Society. 
LBLAND'S  DEMOSTKENCS.    Vol.  I.    8vo.    London,  1802. 
BAKER'S  LIVY.    Family  Classical  Library.    Vols.  IV.  &  VI.    Cloth. 
L  ENEIDE.     Traduite  par  Jacques  Delille.    8vo.    Paris,  1804.    Vol.  I. 
DACIER'S  HORACE.    Latin  and  French.    12mo.    Vols.  III.  &  IV.    Paris, 


1709. 


Wanted  by  J.  Wilson,  Berwick. 


NEW  YEAR'S  GIFT,  in  Six  Parts.    1821.    Bivingtons. 

Wanted  by  C.  fy  H.  Blackburn,  Leamington. 


CHARLES  BCTLER'S  MISCELLANEOUS  TRACTS.    12mo.    1812. 

Wanted  by  Archdeacon  Cotton,  Thurles,  Ireland. 


ABCH.EOLOGICAL  JOURNAL.    Vol.  VI.,  for  1849. 

Wanted  by  Rev.  T.  W.  D.  Brooks,  it.  A.,  Overthorpe,  Banbury. 


FINANCE  ACCOCNTS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  for  the  years  ending  Jan.  1814, 

Jan.  1815,  and  Jan.  1820. 
PENNY  CYCLOPEDIA,  Vol.  XII.     1838. 

Wanted  by  Edward  Cheshire,  Esq.,  Statistical  Society,  12.  St.  James's 
Square. 


BURNS' WORKS, by  Cunningham.    8  Vols.  8vo.    Cochran. 
2nd  Vol.  TYTLEH'S  SCOTLAND.     10-vol.  Edition.    8vo.    Xait. 
M'INTYHE'S  GAELIC  POEMS. 
OSSIAN'S  POEMS,  Dr.  Smith's  Edition. 
M'KINOIE'S  COLLECTION  OF  GAELIC  POEMS. 
7th  Vol.  of  17- vol.  Edition  of  BYRON'S  WORKS. 

Wanted  by  R.  Stewart,  Bookseller,  Cross,  Paisley. 


INDOLENCE  ;  a  Poem,  by  Madam  Cilesia.    1772. 
GRAVES'  REMINISCENCES  OF  SHENSTONE. 

Wanted  by  Frederick  Dinsdale,  Esq. ,  Leamington. 


VIHOILII  OPERA,  Vol.  I.,  ed.  P.  Masvicius.    Leovardias,  1717. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Hawley,  East  Leak,  near  Loughborough. 


ta 


A.  A.  Bed-staff,  a*  used  by  Ben  Jonson,  means  a  wooden  pin  anciently 
inserted  in  the  sides  of  bedsteads  to  keep  the  clot/tesfrom  slipping  on  either 
tide.  See  Todd't  Johnson. 

WAYMOR.  We  have  a  letter  for  this  Correspondent.  Howalia.il  it  be 
forwarded  f 

P.  H.  F.  We  should  be  glad  to  see  thepropoKd  Note  respecting  Peter 
Pindar. 

T.  H.  S.    (Southwark).    The  Une 

"  When  Greeks  join'd  Greeks,  then  was  the  tug  of  war," 
is  from  Lee's  Alexander  the  Great. 

A.  W.  At  this  time  of  year,  perfectly  good  Talbotype  pictures  may  be 
obtained,  but  they  require  a  longer  exposure  ;  about  ten  or  twelve  minute* 
will  not  be  too  long,  where  ha(f  that  time  svjficed  in  the  warm  summer 
months. 

F.  W.  (Lincoln). 
caoutchouc  far  prefet 
highly-polished,  ana  d  ..  _  _. 

See  our  advertising  columns  for  your  other  wants. 

MENISCUS.  The  distance  the  diaphragm  should  be  is  about  2}  inches.  It 
should  at  all  times  be  so  placed  that  it  does  not  much  diminish  the  size  of 
the  picture.  Marint  '.glue  can  be  procured  at  oilmen's  and  artist's  colour 
sliv/ja  in  London.  The  best  tee  hare  procured  has  come  from  Fox'i,  Old 
Compton  Street,  Soho.  Ask  for  "  Jeffery's  marine  glue. 

K.  To  answer  all  you  require  would  exceed  our  limits,  and  it  has 
been  to  some  extent  done  in  preceding  Numbers,  to  which  we  must  refer 
you.  We  disapprove  of  the  preparationsof  ammonia,  and  also  of  cyanide, 
for  clearing  off  the  iodide  when  a  negative  is  desired,  although  it  is 
preferable  for  positives.  The  best  black  varnish  is  "  black  lacquer,"  not 
Brunswick  black,  and  this  should  not  be  used  until  a  coating  of  amber  and 
chloroform  varnish  has  been  first  applied.  Then  no  discoloration  takes 
place. 

ERRATUM.  —  In  the  fourth  line  of  the  Note  (Vol.  x.,  p.  353.)  rela- 
tive to  those  publications,  "  Pranceriana  "  is  erroneously  printed  for 
"Baratariana." 

Full  price  win  be  given  for  clean  copies  of  "  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  of 
1st  January,  1853,  No.  166,  upon  application  to  MR.  BELL,  the  Publisher. 

A  few  complete  sets  of  "  NOTES  AND  QUERIES,"  Vols.  i.  to  ix.,  price  four 
guineas  and  a  half,  may  now  be  had.  For  these,  early  application  is 
desirable. 

"NOTES  AND  QCIF.RIES"  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that  the 
Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels,  and 
deliver  tftem  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 

"NOTES  AND  QUERIES"  is  also  issued  in  Monthly  Parts,  for  the  con- 
venience of  those  who  may  either  have  a  difficult!/  in  procuring  the  un- 
stamped weekly  Numbers,  or  prefer  receiving  it  monthly.  While,  parties 
resident  in  the  countni  or  abroad,  who  may  be  desirous  of  receiving  the. 
weekly  Numbers,  may  have  stamped  copies  forwarded  direct  from  the 
Publisher.  The  subscription  for  the  stamped  edition  of  "NOTES  AND 
QUERIES"  (including  a  very  copious  Index)  is  eleven  shillings  and  four- 
pence  for  six  month*,  n-hirli,  mnii  be  paid  by  7'ost-Office  Order,  drawn  in 
favour  of  the  Publisher,  M«.  GEORGE  BELL,  No.  186.  Fleet  Street. 


YARLEY'S  BRITISH  CA- 
BANA CIGARS,  filled  with  the  finest 
Cabana  leaf;  they  are  unequalled  at  the  price, 
14*.  per  lb.,  and  are  extensively  sold  as  foreign. 
The  Editor  of  the  Agrimltiinil  Mnfinzine  for 
August,  p.  63.,  in  an  article  on  "  Cigars,"  ob- 
serves :  "  The  appearance  and  flavour  very 
closely  tiji/, ,•:,.<>;,„:, t,  t,i  Havannah  cigars:  we 
strongly  recommend  them," 

FOREIGN  CIGARS  of  the  most  approved 
brands  weighed  from  the  chests. 

TOBACCOS  of  the  first  qualities. 
J.  F.  VARLEY  &  CO., 
Importers  of  Meerschaums,  &c., 

The  HAVANNAH  STORES,  364.  Oxford 
Street,  exactly  opposite  the  Princess's  The- 
atre. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

/V  CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  nnd  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  tree  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despntch- 
bqx  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bnz 
with  the  opening  as  large  us  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  ot  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  IS.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


THE   IODIZED  COLLODION 
manufactured  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO, 
i   289.    Strand,   London,    is  still  unrivalled  for 
SENSITIVENESS  and  DENSITY  OF  NE- 
GATIVE ;  it  excels  all  others  in  its  keeping 
qualities  and  uniformity  of  constitution. 

Albumenized  Paper,  171  by  11,  5s.  per  quire. 

Ditto,  Waxed,  7s.,  of  very  superior  quality. 

Double  Achromatic  Lenses  EQUAL  IN  ALL 
!  POINTS  to  those  of  any  other  Manufacturer  : 
j  Quarter  Plate,  21.  2s. ;  Half  Plate,  5/. :  Whole, 

10?.  Apparatus  and  Pure  Chemicals  of  all 
(  Descriptions. 

Will  be  published  on  Wednesday  next, 

PRACTICAL      HINTS     ON 

PHOTOGRAPHY,  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN.  Third 
i  Edition.  Price  1*. ;  per  Post,  1».  4rf. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  264. 


VYLO-IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

/\_  tozraphic  Establishments.  — The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION.— Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Bed  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Bed  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals:  and  maybe  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  Is.,  2s., 
and  3s.  Grf.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdon  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 

Just  published. 

PRACTICAL    PHOTOGRA- 

JL    PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Li"ht,  including  the  COLLODION.  AL- 
BUMEN. WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  6d. 
Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,   Opticians, 
Philosophical   and  Photographical   Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 

COLLODION  PORTRAITS 
AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  :  cer- 
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Greek  Imperial  Coins.  4.  Origin  of  Roman 
Coinage— ConsularCoins.  5.  Komaii  Imperial 
Coins.  6.  Roman  British  Coins.  7.  Ancient 
British  Coinage.  8.  Anglo-Saxon  Coinage. 
9.  English  Coinage  from  the  Conquest.  10. 
Scotch  Coinage.  11.  Ccirj.".'_'e  of  Ireland.  12. 
Anglo-Gallic  Coins.  13.  Continental  jloney 
in  the  Middle  Ages.  14.  Various  Representa- 
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FOB 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


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No.  265.] 


SATUKDAY,  NOVEMBER  25.  1854. 


0  Price  Fourpence. 

1  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  _  Page 

Original  Letter  from  Sir  Beville  Gren- 
ville 417 

POPIANA  :—  Alexander  Pope—  Editions 
of  "  The  Dunciad  "  —  Karly  Editions 
of  "  The  Dunciad  "  _  Pope's  Skull  — 
Pope's  "Sober  Advice"  -  -  417 

"Words  and  Phrases  common  at  Polperro, 
but  not  usual  elsewhere  -  -  418 

Macaulay  on  the  Italian  Language       -    4'20 

Divination  by,  or  Tossing  of,  Coffee 
Grounds,  by  E.  Ph.  Shirley  -  -  420 

MINOR  NOTES  : — That  v.  Who  or  Which 
— Salutation  after  Sneezing— "  Alma  " 
and  "  Ball"  c  "  —  Epitaph  —  James  II. 
and  the  University  of  Dublin  —  1253 
Descendants  —  Nelson  and  the  Apple- 
woman  -----  421 

MINOR  QUERIES  :_The  Fire  of  Lon- 
don in  loGe  —  DeanSmedley— Dryden 
and  Addison  —  Song  of  the  Revolution, 
1688  —  Anastatic  Printing  —  Taver- 
ner's  Testament  —  Manor  of  Old  Paris 
«arden— Dr.  Adam  Clarke's  MSS.  — 
Halfpenny  of  George  II.  —  il  The  Po- 
litical Register,  and  Impartial  Review 
of  New  Books"  -  -  -  -  422 

MiNrm  QCKRIES  WITH  ANSWERS  : — Pas- 
sage iu  Erasmus  —  The  Revolution  of 
l',-<s  _  Richard  Wiseman  the  Surgeon 

—  Bishop    Dillon  —  Tutchin    Family 

—  St.  George's,  Uanover  Square          -    424 

RKPLTFS: — 
Voltaire,    Southey,  and  Professor   de 

Morgan,  by  John  Maeray          -  -    425 

Bishop   Griffith   Williams,  by  Thomas 

Gimlette  -----  435 
The  Crescent,  by  J.  W.  Thomas,  &e.  -  426 
Brydone  the  Tourist,  by  G.  Elliot  -  426 
Roman  Catholic  Divorces,  by  Henry 

Walter,  ic.  -  -  -  -    427 

Tobacco-smoking  :  Queen  Elizabeth,  by 

J.  N.  Bagnall,  £c.  -  -  -    428 

butypc  Queries  —  Bromide  of  Silver    -    429 

Erri-irs  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Queen 
Anne's  Farthings  —  Peter  Burmun  — 
Hannah  Lightfoot  —  "  Albert  sur  les 
Operations  de  1'Ame" — Oxford  Jeu 
d'Esprit  —  Volkrc's  Chamber— "  Lord, 
dismiss  us  with  thy  blessing  "  —  Ro- 
man Inscription  —  Standard-bearer 
of  the  Conqueror—  "  The  Birch  "  _ 
Two  Brothers  of  the  same  Christian 
Name  — Battle-door—  Alefounders  — 
Englisli  Words  derived  from  the  Saxon. 

—  The   Rowe  Family  —  Army    Pre- 
cedence —  "Auke" — 1  ines  at   Jer- 
point  Abbey  —  Grcsebrokc  in  York- 
shire—  Lines  in  "  Childc  Harold  "  — 
Bell  on  leaving  Church  _  Colonel  Car- 
los—" Rattlin'    Roaring    Willie"  — 
Earthenware  Vessels  found  at  Foun- 
tains Abbey  — St.  Peter's  at  Rome  — 
Slaughtering  Cattle  in.  Towns,  ;;e.     -    429 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.          -          -          -    435 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted, 
notices  to  Correspondents. 


Multoe  terrieolis  linguae,  coelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LTJ  AND   SONS' 


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Pedigrees  of  Ellis  and  Fitz-Ellis  —  Epitaphs 
in  the  Huguenots'  Burying-place  at  Paris. 
lfi-5  _  Statistical  Account  of  the  Diocese  of 
Cloyne.  compiled  iu  the  year  1774,  by  the  Rev. 
James  Iliugston  —  Extracts  from  the  Parish 
Regiatera  ot  Hornby,  co.  York  —  Extracts  from 
the  Parish  Registers  of  Milton  Lislebon,  near 
Pewsey,  co.  Wilts  —  Pedigrees  of  Parr  of  Keu- 
dal,  of  Parr  and  Kempnall,  co.  Lancaster, 
Bnekford,  co.  Chester,  and  other  Collateral 
Branches  —  Pedigrees  of  several  Families  of 
Bishop,  of  Devonshire,  Dorsetshire,  London, 
Norfolk,  Lincolnshire,  Warwickshire,  York- 
shire, Kent,  and  Sussex— Testimony  to  the 
Exemption  of  Skiddy's  Lauds,  near  Cork,  from 
the  impositions  of  Coyne  and  Livery,  &c., given, 
in  the  37  Hen.  VIII.  —  Memoranda  in  He- 
nil. iry  :  from  the  HISS.  of.PcterLe  Neve, some- 
time Norroy  King  of  Arms  (continued). 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE.       !    PHOTOGRAPHY.  HORNE 


T\U     BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

\J  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headache?,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceache,  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impunties  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  cough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy, ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  snuri<  us  imitations:  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1H54.  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BABRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  0/50,000  Cures: 

No.  51,482:  Dr.  Wurzer.  "  It  is  particularly 
useful  in  confined  habit  of  body,  as  also  in 
diarrhea,  bowel  complaints,  affections  of  the 
kidneys  and  bladder,  such  as  stone  or  gravel ; 
inflammatory  irritation  and  cramp  of  the 
urethra,  cramn  of  the  kidneys  and  bladder,  and 
haemorrhoids.  Alsoin  bronchial  and  pulmonary 
complaints,  where  irritation  and  pain  are  to  be 
removed,  and  in  pulmonary  and  bronchial 
consumption,  in  which  it  counteracts  effectu- 
ally the  troublesome  cough  ;  and  I  am  enabled 
with  perfect  truth  to  express  the  conviction 
that  Du  Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  is  adapted 
to  the  cure  of  incipient  hectic  complaints  and 
consumption  "  _  DR.  Run.  WITRIER,  Counsel 
of  Me viicine  and  practical  M.D.  in  Bonn. 

Cure  No.  47,121  :_"Miss  Elizabeth  Jacobs, 
of  Nazin:*  Vicuraee,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts  : 
a  cure  of  extreme  nervousness,  indigestion, 
gatherings,  low  spirits,  and  nervous  fancies." 

Cure  No.  3906  :  "  Thirteen  years'  cough, 
indigestion,  and  general  debility,  have  been 
removed  by  Du  Barry's  excellent  Revalenta 
Arabica  Food."  —  JAMKS  PORTER,  Athol  Street, 
Perth. 

Cure  48,615:  — "For  the  last  ten  years  I 
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nervousness,  low  spirits,  sleeplessness,  and  de- 
lusions, and  swallowed  an  incredible  amount 
of  medicine  without  relief.  I  am  happy  to  say 
that  your  food  has  cured  me,  and  I  am  now 
enjoying  better  health  than  I  have  had  for 
many  years  past."  — J.  S.  NEWTON,  Plymouth, 
May  9th,  1861. 

No.  37,403,  Samuel  Laxton.  Esq.,  a  cure  of 
two  years'  diarrhoea.  Mr.  William  Marl  in,  a 
cure  of  eight  years' daily  vomiting.  Richard 
WlUoughby,  tsq.,  a  cuie  of  many  years'  bi- 
liousness. 

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L  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
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three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
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Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
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123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


Just  published. 

!  PRACTICAL      PHOTOGRA- 

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POLLODION    PORTRAITS 

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THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
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PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

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THE  IODIZED  COLLODION 
manufactured  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO., 
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Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


417 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  25,  1854. 


ORIGINAL  LETTER  FROM  SIR,  BEVILLE  GHENVILLE. 

Among  the  Original  Letters  to  which  you  have  given 
publicity,  the  inclosed  may  perhaps  deserve  a  place.  It  is 
a  copy  of  a  Letter  from  Sir  Beville  Grenville  to  his  wife, 
giving  an  account  of  the  Battle  of  Bradock  Down  near 
Liskeard,  in  which  the  Parliamentary  Forces  under 
Ruthen  were  defeated,  19th  of  January,  1842.  See 
Clarendon,  Book  VI.  .  T.  E.  D. 

My  deare  Love, 

It  hath  pleas'd  God  to  give  us  a  happie 
victory  this  present  Thursday  being  ye  19th  of 
Jany.,  for  which  pray  join  wth  me  in  giving  God 
thanks.  We  advanced  yesterday  from  Bodmin  to 
find  ye  enemy  \vch  we  heard  was  abroad,  or  if  we 
miss'd  him  in  the  field  we  were  resolved  to  un- 
house  them  in  Liskeard  or  leave  our  boddies  in 
the  highway.  We  were  not  above  3  miles  from 
Bodmin,  when  we  had  view  of  two  troops  of  their 
horse  to  whom  we  sent  some  of  ours,  wch  chased 
them  out  of  the  field  while  our  foot  march'd  after 
our  horse  ;  but  night  coming  on  we  could  march 
no  farther  then  Boconnocke  Parke,  where  (upon 
my  co.  Mohum's  kind  motion)  we  quartered  all 
our  army  by  good  fires  under  the  hedge.  The 
next  morning  (being  this  day)  we  march'd  forth, 
and  ab*  noone  came  in  full  view  of  the  enemies 
whole  army  upon  a  fair  heath  between  Boconnocke 
and  Braddock  Church.  They  were  in  horse  much 
stronger  than  we,  but  in  foot  we  were  superior,  as 
I  thinke.  They  were  possest  of  a  pretty  rising 
ground  which  was  in  the  way  towards  Liskeard,  and 
we  planted  ourselves  upon  such  another  against 
them  \vthin  muskett  shot,  and  we  saluted  each  other 
with  bulletts  about  two  hours  or  more,  each  side 
being  willing  to  keep  their  ground  and  to  have  the 
other  to  come  over  to  his  prejudice  ;  but  after  so 
long  delay,  they  standing  still  firm,  and  being 
obstinate  to  hould  their  advantage,  Sir  Ra'  Hopton 
resolved  to  march  over  to  them,  and  to  leave  all 
to  the  mercy  of  God  and  valour  of  our  side.  I 
had  the  van  ;  so  after  solemne  prayers  in  the  head 
of  every  division,  I  led  my  part  away,  who  followed 
me  wth  so  good  courage  both  down  one  hill  and  up 
the  other,  as  it  strooke  a  terror  in  them,  while  the 
seconds  came  up  gallantly  after  me,  and  the  wings 
of  horse  charged  on  both  sides,  but  their  courage 
so  fail'd  them  as  they  stood  not  our  first  charge  of 
the  foot,  but  fled  in  great  disorder,  and  we  chast 
them  diverse  miles  ;  many  were  not  slain  because 
of  their  quick  disordering,  but  we  have  taken 
above  600  prisoners,  among  which  Sr  Shilston 
Calmady  is  one,  and  more  are  still  brought  in  by 
the  soldiers ;  much  armes  they  have  lost,  and 
colours  we  have  won,  and  4  pieces  of  ordinance 
from  them,  and  without  rest  we  marched  to  Lis- 
keard, and  tooke  it  wthout  delay,  all  their  men 


flying  f m  it  before  we  came,  and  so  I  hope  we  are 
now  again  in  ye  way  to  settle  the  country  in  peace. 
All  our  Cornish  Grandies  were  present  at  the 
battell  wth  the  Scotch  Generall  Ruthen,  the 
Somersett  Collonels,  and  the  horse  Captains  Pirn 
and  Tomson,  and  but  for  their  horses'  speed  had 
been  all  in  our  hands  ;  let  my  Sister  and  my  Cos- 
sens  of  Clovelly,  wth  ye  other  friends,  understand 
of  God's  mercy  to  us,  and  we  lost  not  a  man.  So 
I  rest 

Yr*  ever, 

Liskerd,  Jan.  19.  1642.          BEVILL  GRENVILE. 
For  the  Lady  Grace  Grenvile, 
at  Stow,  d.  d. 

The  messenger  is  paide,  yet  give  him  a  shilling 
more. 


Alexander  Pope.  —  Much  valuable  information 
may  be  drawn  from  printed  catalogues  of  books, 
and  all  that  Aristarchus  Bibliographicus  has  said 
to  the  contrary  must  be  considered  as  romance  — 
as  much  so  as  a  tale  in  Ariosto.  Without  at- 
tempting to  justify  this  opinion,  which  may  have 
no  substantial  opponents,  I  shall  proceed  to  ex- 
tract, from  scarce  printed  catalogues,  two  curious 
items  relative  to  a  subject  now  under  discussion  : 

(1.)  "  *  1646.  Pope's  Works,  large  paper,  crown  octavo, 

MS.  notes  by  Mr.  Orme,  9  vols.     1740.     Note  in  this 

book.  Tlte  gift  of  Alexander  Pope  to  the  Society  at  Marsh- 
gate,  1741."— Cat.  Robert  Orme,  F.A.S.,  1796. 

The  above  note  seems  to  prove  that  the  edition 
of  1740  was  made  with  the  sanction  of  Pope,  and 
if  Mr.  Orme  annotated  the  volumes  as  carefully 
as  he  did  the  Histoire  des  Indes  Orientales  par 
M.  Souchu  de  Rennefort,  which  is  now  in  my  pos- 
session, the  discovery  of  the  copy  in  question  is 
desirable.  My  own  volume  would  serve  to  iden- 
tify it. 

(2.)  "  Essay  [sic]  sur  la  critique,  trad,  de  1'anglois  de 
Pope,  en  vers  francois,  par  Ant.  Hamilton.  In-4.  cart. 

"  Manuscrit  de  vingt-sept  feuillets. — Imprimant  Hamil- 
ton je  crus  tres  suffisant  de  donner  quatre-vingts  vers  de 
cette  traduction,  trop  foible  pour  meriter  d'etre  imprimee 
tout  entiere,  et  de  laquelle  je  n'eusse  rien  imprime'  du 
tout,  si  son  existence  n'eut  e"te  dejh,  connue."  —  Catalogue 
de  la  bibliotheque  (Fun  amateur  [A.  A.  Renouard],  Paris, 
1819,  m.  127. 

This  translation  was  made  in  1713,  or  earlier  ; 
and  Pope  told  Hamilton  that  he  could  not  "  resist 
the  temptation  of  printing  it,"  but  it  has  remained 
inedited  except  as  above-stated.  The  library  of 
M.  Renouard,  le  doyen  des  bibliographes,  is  now 
on  sale  at  Paris,  and  the  MS.  will  be  sold  on 
Thursday  the  14th  of  December.  I  hope  some 
English  collector  will  secure  it.  BOLTON  CORNET. 


418 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


Editions  of  "  The  Dunciad."  —  It  is  very  kind 
of  our  Editor  to  offer  to  take  the  trouble  of  col- 
lating the  earlier  editions  of  The  Dunciad ;  but  as 
I  was  the  person  who  commenced  the  discussion, 
I  beg  leave  to  say  that  my  inquiry  was  solely  and 
simply  after  any  Dublin  or  other  edition  prior  to 
1728.  The  differences  and  discrepancies  of  sub- 
sequent editions  (which  are  traceable  in  almost  all 
Pope's  separate  publications  of  his  various  works, 
as  well  as  in  The  Dunciad),  are  matters  of  a 
different  kind,. and  do  not  affect  my  original  in- 
quiry ;  but,  for  the  satisfaction  of  other  corre- 
spondents, I  transmit  to  the  Editor  all  the  separate 
editions  of  The  Dunciad  in  my  possession.  C. 


Early  Editions  of"  The  Dunciad"— Although, 
thanks  to  the  kindness  of  our  contributors  and 
friends,  a  very  large  number  of  copies  of  The  Dun- 
ciad have  been  forwarded  for  our  examination,  we 
have  reason  to  believe  that  there  were  editions  (we 
speak  more  particularly  of  editions  published  in 
1728  and  1729)  of  which  we  have  not  at  present 
received  any  copy.  We  shall  therefore  feel  obliged 
by  any  information  as  to  the  existence  of  copies 
of  The  Dunciad  dated  in  1728  and  1729,  in  any 
public  or  private  libraries.  We  shall  be  farther 
obliged  by  any  bookseller,  who  may  have  a  copy 
of  The  Dunciad  for  sale,  reporting  to  us  its  date, 
price,  &c.  ED.  "  X.  &  Q." 

Popes  Skull.  —  Can  any  correspondent  of  " N. 
&  Q."  throw  light  upon  a  story  which  was  for- 
merly current  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Twicken- 
ham as  to  the  desecration  of  Pope's  grave,  and  the 
removal  of  his  skull  ?  This  is  said  to  have  taken 
place  about  twenty  years  since,  when  an  eminent 
distiller,  having  died  in  that  parish,  was  buried  in 
Pope's  grave  in  Twickenham  Church.  It  used  to 
be  reported  that,  on  opening  the  grave,  the  only 
remains  discovered  was  the  skull  of  the  poet,  and 
that  that  was  then  removed.  If  so,  where  was  it 
removed  to,  and  is  it  known  to  be  now  in  ex- 
istence ?  P.  S. 

Popes  "  Sober  Advice"  —  I  have  read  with 
great  interest  the  various  "Popiana"  which  have 
appeared  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  but  have  been  a  little 
disappointed,  as  an  admirer  of  Pope,  that  no 
farther  allusion  has  been  made  to  two  interesting 
Queries  which  appeared  in  your  early  Xumbers, 
and  I  hope  therefore  you  will  permit  me  to  recall 
attention  to  them.  One  is  the  allusion,  hitherto 
unexplained,  contained  in  a  passage  of  Pope's 
Imitation  of  Horace 's  Epistle  to  Augustus  : 

"The  hero  William  and  the  martyr  Charles, 
One  knighted  Blackmore  and  one  pension'd  Quarles ; 
Which  made  old  Ben,  and  surly  Dennis  swear, 
No  Lord's  anointed,  but  a  Russian  bear.'' 


The  other  and  more  important  relates  to  the  date 
of  the  first  publication  of  Pope's  Sober  Advice 
from  Horace  to  the  Young  Gentlemen  about  Town, 
which  MR.  CBOSSLEY  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  122.)  states  to 
have  been  published  by  Curll  about  1716,  in  a 
form  in  which  neither  Mrs.  Oldfield  nor  Lady 
Mary  are  introduced.  Your  correspondent  C. 
doubted  MR.  CROSSLEY'S  accuracy,  and  there  the 
matter  rests.  Those  who  have  read,  with  the 
pleasure  I  have  done,  MR.  CROSSLEY'S  bibliogra- 
phical communications  to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  have 
shared  with  me  the  feeling  that  MR.  CKOSSLEY 
generally  speaks  by  the  card,  would,  I  am  sure,  be 
glad  to  know  whether  farther  examination  has 
convinced  him  that  the  Sober  Advice  was  pub- 
lished, though  in  an  imperfect  form,  at  so  early  a 
period.  S.  A.  H. 


WORDS   AND   PHRASES   COMMON   AT   POLPEEEO,  BUT 
NOT    USUAL   ELSEWHERE. 

(Continued from  p.  360.) 

Sabby,  moist,  only  a  little  wet.  It  appears  to 
have  the  same  rootr  with  the  word  sap,  as  the 
juice  of  a  tree ;  but  it  is  expressive  of  the  con- 
dition of  anything  only  perceptibly  moist. 

Sample,  soft  and  flexible.  A  piece  of  leather, 
or  firm  substance,  by  being  soaked  in  oil  or  water, 
is  rendered  sample. 

Scam.  To  scam  a  shoe,  is  to  twist  it  out  of 
shape  by  wearing  it  wrongly.  Is  not  this  the 
orgin  of  the  word  scamp,  a  fellow  that  is  distorted 
from  the  right  ? 

Sclow,  to  scratch  with  the  nails,  as  a  cat  does. 
It  is  most  commonly  applied  to  the  action  of  little 
children,  when  they  scratch  each  other  with  their 
nails.  Sclomb  has  much  the  same  meaning. 

Scoad,  to  scatter  about,  or  spill  anything.  In 
common  language,  it  is  more  frequently  applied 
to  the  spilling  of  liquids  in  a  scattered  manner ; 
but  it  is  the  common  word  among  farmers  and 
labourers  for  scattering  or  distributing  with  a 
shovel  the  manure,  or  dressing,  over  the  fields. 

Scoce,  to  exchange  or  barter  one  thing  for 
another. 

Sconce,  understanding,  intellect,  the  faculty  of 
comprehension. 

Scraw,  or  scroe.  Fish  are  scrawed  when  they 
are  prepared  in  a  particular  way  before  cooking. 
This  scrawing  consists  in  cutting  them  flatly  open, 
and  then  slightly  powdering  them  with  salt,  and 
sometimes  with  pepper.  They  are  then  exposed 
to  the  sun  or  air,  that  as  much  as  possible  of  the 
moisture  may  be  dried  up.  In  this  state  they  are 
roasted  over  a  clear  burning  coal  or  wood  fire. 
Thus  prepared,  and  smeared  over  with  a  little 
butter,  they  are  said  to  be  "  scrawed." 

Scrump,  to  shrink  up  together.  It  is  confined 
to  living  beings,  and  is  often  applied  to  a  child 


Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


419 


•who,  from  any  cause  —  as  from  bad  living  —  is 
shrunk  up  and  deficient  in  growth.  The  word 
shrump  has  nearly  the  same  meaning,  but  is  often 
applied  to  one  part  only  of  the  body  :  as  that  a 
person  is  shrump-shouldered,  when  very  narrow 
in  that  part.  I  believe  that  the  crustacean  ani- 
mals, shrimps,  are  so  called  from  their  habit  of 
drawing  up  their  body,  when  caught,  into  a  con- 
tracted form  ;  and  our  fishermen  always  call  them 
shrumps. 

Scatter.  It  sometimes  means  simply  to  slide  ; 
but  more  frequently  it  expresses  the  action  often 
practised  by  boys,  of  throwing  flat  stones  so  as  to 
slide  along  the  surface  of  water. 

Sense,  stop.  It  seems  remarkable  that  this 
Italian  word  should  be  familiarly  used  by  our 
children  when  at  play,  especially  at  marbles :  when 
they  want  to  stop  for  a  moment  without  detri- 
ment to  the  play,  they  cry  out  sense,  and  the  cry 
is  believed  to  be  authoritative. 

Shaky.  Infirm  in  inward  structure,  although 
not  very  visibly  weak. 

Skive.  Applied  to  the  motion  of  a  horse  that, 
through  shyness,  passes  quickly  by  an  object, 
keeping  on  the  opposite  or  distant  side  of  it.  It 
seems  to  have  some  reference  to  the  word  shy,  and 
to  contain  the  ancient  pronunciation ;  but  it  ex- 
presses an  action,  rather  than  the  cause  which 
leads  to  it. 

Shoul,  a  shovel.  Sometimes  it  is  pronounced 
skowel. 

Siff\  This,  which  is  common  with  us,  is  beyond 
doubt  the  ancient  way  of  pronouncing  the  word 
sigh ;  and  several  other  words  which  contain  the 
letters  gh  have  also  changed  their  pronunciation. 
The  words  dafter  for  daughter,  and  nafty  for 
naughty,  are  common.  Sometimes  soff  is  used 
for  siffor  sigh. 

Shease,  to  run  along  very  swiftly. 

Skew,  a  short,  smart,  flying  shower  of  rain, 
hurried  along  by  a  sudden  wind. 

Skit,  a  sarcasm,  lampoon.  It  is  derived  from  the 
Saxon  skeot,  thrown  out ;  but  the  application  in 
common  use  is  very  wide.  In  common  language, 
scout  is  a  person  sent  out  to  get  intelligence,  to  be 
a  spy  :  to  scout,  is  to  drive  away  a  person  or  thing. 
And  I  have  no  doubt  it  is  the  root  of  the  name  of 
the  fish  called  a  skate  ;  to  explain  which,  it  should 
be  known  that  a  fisherman  recognises  two  general 
classes  offish  :  such  as  are  saleable  in  the  market, 
and  such  as  by  custom  are  not  so.  The  latter  is 
termed  rabble-fish  ;  which  means  the  common,  not 
valued,  or  properly  rejected  and  thrown  aside, 
and  so  are  not  carried  to  market.  The  skate  is 
one  of  the  latter,  and  the  largest  of  them ;  and  it 
is  to  be  observed  that,  in  this  sense,  the  rabble- 
fish  are  not  such  as  form  no  article  of  food  for 
any  one  —  as  the  larger  sharks,  for  instance — but 
such  as  are  perfectly  wholesome,  and  are  therefore 
the  food  of  the  fisherman  and  his  family,  but  yet 


are  not  sufficiently  esteemed  to  be  sold  in  the 
market.  The  common  thornback,  grey  gurnard, 
comber,  dog-fishes,  and,  when  engaged  in  fishing 
for  pilchards,  even  the  flake,  are  among  the  rabble- 
fishes,  and,  as  such,  are  not  returned  among  the 
profits  of  his  employer  by  the  fisherman. 

Skiver,  what  is  now  called  a  skewer ;  used  to 
fasten  meat  in  cooking. 

Slidder,  to  slide. 

Slock,  to  entice,  allure. 

Slotter,  to  dirt,  to  throw  about  dirt.  Hence, 
perhaps,  the  word  slattern  for  a  dirty  untidy 
woman. 

Sneg,  a  small  snail. 

Snuggle,  to  enter  into  a  close  embrace,  as  a 
child  into  its  mother's  bosom.  The  word  snug  is 
only  the  adjective  of  this  verb. 

Soce,  a  common  address  to  companions  in  con- 
versation ;  but  at  present  it  is  used  by  old  people 
only,  and  to  them  seems  without  any  definite 
meaning. 

Sog,  to  sleep  lightly,  to  doze. 

Soup.  A  verb  with  much  the  same  meaning 
as  sip. 

Sowle,  to  pull  about,  to  hawl  lustily. 

Soyl,  the  seal-phoca. 

Sparabil,  or  sparabeal,  a  nail  to  put  into  the  sole 
of  a  shoe,  without  a  head,  and  therefore  different 
from  a  hobnail.  The  meaning  seems  to  be,  a 
spearbill,  as  being  sharp,  and  finely  edged  off  in 
shape. 

Spile,  which  miners  pronounce  spael;  to  in- 
flict a  fine  or  a  penalty  for  late  attendance  at 
work. 

Sproyl,  the  power  to  move  or  struggle.  It  is 
most  commonly  used  negatively ;  and  a  person 
or  animal  is  said  "  to  have  no  sproyl,  when,  al- 
though not  dead,  there  is  little  or  no  power  to 
move." 

Stark,  bare,  exposed.  The  expression  stark  mad 
is  common  everywhere,  to  express  madness  with- 
out any  doubt  or  disguise  ;  but,  with  us,  the  word 
is  employed  without  any  addition  :  as  that  a 
situation  is  stark,  to  signify  its  exposure  to  every 
wind,  and  to  cold. 

Stemming.  A  turn  in  succession  to  be  supplied 
with  an  article,  for  which  many  people  are  wait- 
ing. It  is  most  commonly,  if  not  solely,  applied 
to  the  turn  in  which  people  are  supplied  with 
water  at  the  common  shute,  when  they  are  waiting 
for  it,  and  it  runs  sparely. 

Stitch,  a  sharp,  sudden,  pain  in  the  side,  often 
arising  from  running.  Shakspeare  uses  it  in  this 
sense,  Twelfth  Night,  Act  III.  Sc.  2. 

Stratum,  to  strike  or  thrust  with  violence.  A 
stramming  person  is  one  who  is  strong,  rough,  and 
violent. 

Strapping,  great  and  robust. 

Stubb,  and  To  stubb.  A  stubb  is  a  small,  short, 
and  blunt  bit  of  wood.  To  stubb  is  to  dig  such  a 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


piece  of  wood  out  of  the  ground.  The  verb  is 
applied  for  the  most  part  to  the  digging  up  the 
short  stems  and  stalks  of  furze,  after  the  top  has 
been  cut  down,  or  burnt  on  the  ground.  It  is 
probable  that  the  word  stubble  has  the  same  origin, 
although  the  meaning  is  different. 

Style,  the  pronunciation  of  steel ;  and  the  word 
steel  is  used  for  iron.  By  some  old  persons  it  is 
used  as  a  verb,  to  signify  the  ironing  or  smoothing 
of  clothes  as  a  laundress  does ;  and  this  is  called 
"  styling"  the  linen.  This  is  probably  the  origin 
of  the  word  style,  for  fashion  :  as  signifying  being 
dressed  with  garments,  set  in  order  as  if  they  had 
been  ironed. 

Suart,  perfectly  uniform  and  smooth  in  all  its 
parts.  A  fisherman's  line  is  said  to  run  through 
his  hand  suart,  when  he  feels  no  inequality  or 
roughness,  but  it  is  equally  soft  and  -flexible 
throughout. 

Sulky.    Invariably  used  intead  of  sullen. 

Sych,  the  edge  or  foaming  border  of  a  wave,  as 
it  runs  up  a  harbour  or  on  the  land.  VIDEO. 


MACAULAY   ON   THE   ITALIAN   LANGUAGE. 

There  is  a  passage  in  Macaulay's  History  of 
England,  on  which  it  seems  to  me  worth  while  to 
make  a  Note. 

Speaking  of  Charles,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  the 
historian  writes  (vol.  ii.  p.  318.),  that  "He  spoke 
French  like  a  gentleman  of  Lewis's  bed-chamber, 
and  Italian  like  a  citizen  of  Florence."  It  is  to 
be  presumed  that  the  writer  intends  to  say,  that 
he  spoke  either  language  in  perfect  purity.  But, 
in  truth,  to  say  of  a  man  that  he  speaks  Italian 
like  a  citizen  of  Florence,  is  like  saying  of  an 
Englishman  that  he  speaks  his  language  like  a 
thoroughbred  cockney.  And  in  making  this  ob- 
servation, it  is  not  intended  to  understand  the  word 
citizen  in  any  more  restricted  sense  than  the  author 
evidently  meant  it — as  any  educated  denizen  of  the 
city.  All  Florentines,  with  rare  exceptions,  speak 
a  harsh  and  guttural  dialect,  marked  also  —  per- 
haps it  may  be  said  enriched — by  many  pecu- 
liarities and  provincialisms.  The  historian  has  I 
been  led  into  error  by  the  fame  of  the  "  Lingua 
Toscana,"  not  Fiorentina.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
mountains  of  Pistoia,  and  those  of  the  city  of 
Siena  and  its  environs,  have  the  reputation  of 
speaking  a  peculiarly  pure  Italian.  But,  in  truth, 
the  reputation  of  the  "  Lingua  Toscana,"  was 
based  on  the  written  style  of  Tuscan  authors,  and 
not  on  the  spoken  language ;  as  may  be  in  part 
gathered  from  the  well-known  proverb,  which 
describes  the  beau-ideal  of  the  spoken  Italian  as 
"  Lingua  Toscana  in  bocca  Romana."  The  Flo- 
rentine dialect  was  at  all  times  characterised  by 
the  same  peculiarities,  which  still  mark  an  in-  j 
habitant  of  the  "  City  of  Flowers,  and  Flower  of 


Cities."  And  it  is  curious  to  find,  that  in  writings 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  by  some  of  the  most 
cultivated  men  of  their  day,  the  words  are  so 
spelled  as  to  represent  as  nearly  as  may  be  the 
peculiar  pronunciation  still  heard  in  the  streets 
and  drawing-rooms,  though  perhaps  to  a  less 
degree,  of  Florence.  Thus  we  find  chonto,  ac- 
chordo,  chasa,  &c.,  for  conto,  accordo,  casa.  The 
Florentines  also,  though  this  is  more  confined  to 
the  lower  classes,  pronounce  I  and  r  indiscrimi- 
nately for  each  other ;  as  morto  for  molto,  pubbrico 
for  pubblico,  &c.  So  much  so  that,  in  the  popular 
songs,  molto  and  corto,  e.  g.,  would  be  made  to 
rhyme.  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 


DIVINATION   BY,  OR  TOSSING   OF,    COFFEE  GROUNDS. 

I  met  with  the  following  curious  advertisement 
in  the  Dublin  Weekly  Journal,  June  11,  1726. 
This  species  of  divination  is  mentioned  in  a  note 
to  Ellis's  edition  of  Brand's  Popular  Antiquities, 
vol.  ii.  p.  620.,  and  reference  made  to  the  first  vo- 
lume of  the  Gentleman  s  Magazine  (1731),  p.  108., 
where  an  extract  is  made  from  the  Weekly  Re- 
gister, March  20,  No.  90.,  relating  some  occur- 
rences the  author  met  with  in  a  visit  he  lately 
paid  to  a  lady,  — 

"  Whom  he  surprised  and  her  company  in  close  cabal 
over  their  coffee,  the  rest  very  intent  upon  one  whom,  by 
her  address  and  intelligence,  he  guessed  was  a  tire- woman 
[Mrs.  Cherry?],  to  which  she  added  the  secret  of  divining 
ty  coffee  grounds.  She  was  then  in  full  inspiration,  and 
with  much  solemnity  observing  the  atoms  round  the  cup ; 
on  the  one  hand  sat  a  widow,  on  the  other  a  maiden  lady. 

.  .  They  assured  him  that  every  cast  of  the  cup  is  a 
picture  of  all  one's  life  to  come,  and  every  transaction  and 
circumstance  is  delineated  with  the  exactest  certainty," 
&c. 

The  same  practice  is  noticed  in  The  Connois- 
seur, No.  56.,  where  a  girl  is  represented  divining 
to  find  out  of  what  rank  her  husband  should  be : 

"  I  have  seen  him  several  times  in  coffee  grounds  with  a 
sword  by  his  side ;  and  he  Avas  once  at  the  bottom  of  a 
tea- cup  in  a  coach  and  six,  with  two  footmen  behind  it." 

In  the  following  advertisement  one  cannot  but  be 
struck  with  the  piety  (?)  of  Mrs.  Cherry,  who  de- 
clined business  till  prayers  were  over  at  St.  Peter's 
Church  (a  proof  of  daily  prayers,  by  the  way,  in 
1726),  as  well  as  with  the  economy  with  which  she 
exercised  her  profession. 

"  Advice  is  hereby  given,  that  there  is  lately  arrived  in 
this  city  the  famous  Mrs.  Cherry,  the  only  gentlewoman 
truly  learned  in  that  occult  science  of  tossing  of  coffee 
grounds ;  who  has  with  uninterrupted  success  for  some 
time  past  practised  to  the  general  satisfaction  of  her  female 
visitants.  She  is  to  be  heard  of  at  Mrs.  C — ks,  or  at  Mrs. 
Q — ts,  in  Angier  Street,  Dublin.  Her  hours  are  after 
prayers  are  done  at  St.  Peter's  Church,  till  dinner. 
N.  B. —  She  never  requires  more  than  one  ounce  of  coffee 
from  a  single  gentlewoman,  and  so  proportionable  for  a 


Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


second  or  third  person,  but  not  to  exceed  that  number  at 
any  one  time." 

E,  PH.  SHIRLEY. 
Houndsliill. 


That  v.  Who  or  Which.  —  "N.  &  Q."  have 
occasionally  contained  strictures  upon  the  mis- 
application of  words  and  terms.  Pray  admit  my 
protest  against  the  growing  use,  or  rather  misuse, 
of  "that"  for  "who,"  or  "which."  I  lately  met  in  a 
published  sermon  with  the  following  "  barbarism  :" 
— "It  was  that  (ista)  poor,  friendless,  forlorn 
widow,  that  (qua)  enlisted  his  sympathies  and 
won  his  high  encomium  ;  and  that  (id)  because  of 
the  warm  and  genuine  generosity  of  her  heart." 
The  Latin  substitutes  are  inserted  just  to  point 
out  how  much  we  lose,  not  only  in  perspicuity, 
but  also  in  that  beauty  which  arises  from  variety 
of  phrase.  WM.  HAZEL. 

Salutation  after  Sneezing.  —  The  Athenaeum,  in 
a  review  of  M.  Nisard's  curious  though  ill-exe- 
cuted work  on  the  popular  literature  of  France, 
remarks  that  the  following  passage  contains  evi- 
dence of  the  almost  universal  practice  of  salutation 
after  sneezing : 

"  If  you  sneeze  in  the  presence  of  another  person,  you 
should  take  off  your  hat,  turn  aside ;  put  your  hat,  your 
handkerchief,  hand,  or  napkin  before  you ;  and  as  soon  as 
the  paroxysm  is  past,  you  ought  to  salute  those  who  have 
saluted,  or  ought  to  have  saluted  you,  although  they  may 
not  have  said  anything." 

At  different  stages  of  social  progress,  such  in- 
structions may  be  found  occupying  positions  in 
the  social  scale  correspondingly  various,  and  help- 
ing accordingly  to  mark  the  point  reached  by 
different  nations.  In  France  the  above  extract, 
at  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century,  occupies 
a  page  in  a  chap-book  destined  for  the  classes  at 
the  bottom  of  the  social  pyramid.  In  Italy  I  find 
the  following  in  a  child's  primer,  issued  authori- 
tatively in  1553,  and  stated  in  the  title-page  to  be 
"  enriched  with  new  and  moral  maxims  adapted 
to  form  the  hearts  of  children."  Among  "  the 
duties  of  man  to  society"  are  enumerated  those 
of— 

"  Abstaining  from  scratching  your  head,  putting  your 
fingers  in  your  mouth,  crossing  one  knee  over  the  other  in 
sitting  .  .  .  and  being  prompt  in  saluting  any  one  who 
may  sneeze,  and  returning  thanks  to  any  who,  on  such 
an  occasion,  may  have  wished  you  well." 

There  is  no  reason  to  doubt,  I  fancy,  the  accu- 
racy of  the  commonly  current  statement,  that  the 
practice  in  question  had  its  origin  at  the  time  of  a 
wide-spread  epidemic,  of  which  sneezing  was  sup- 
posed to  be  a  premonitory  symptom. 

Before  concluding,  I  will  cite  from  the  little 
book  above  mentioned  another  of  the  maxims, 
supposed  by  its  author  to  be  "  adapted  for  the 


formation  of  the  juvenile  heart,"  as  being  charac- 
teristic and  noteworthy.  "  One  ought  never,"  it 
is  taught,  "  to  introduce  any  conversation  on 
topics  unseasonable  or  contrary  to  current  opinions" 

A  less  morally  questionable,  though  more  in- 
convenient precept,  is,  that  you  are  never  to  blow 
your  nose  in  the  presence  of  any  one  !  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 

"  Alma  "  and  "  J3albec."  —  I  have  been  struck 
with  the  apparent  Scandinavian  character  of  some 
of  the  names,  now  become  immortal,  in  the  Crimea. 
In  the  river  Alma  we  have  the  ordinary  Scan- 
dinavian termination  a,  "  water,  a  river,"  and  the 
exact  name  is  that  of  one  of  the  rivers  of  Norway, 
the  Alma.  In  Belbec  we  have  the  Scandinavian 
l/ec  or  beck,  "  a  brook,"  universal  in  this  district, 
and  found  wherever  the  Northmen  have  lost  their 
traces ;  while  Bel  is  the  name  of  a  god  common, 
as  Sir  E.  B.  Lytton  has  observed,  among  other 
nations,  both  to  the  Anglo-Saxons  and  the  North- 
men. Did  any  wandering  Varangians  ever  settle 
upon  the  Crimea,  or  is  this  merely  a  coincidence  ? 
If  the  latter,  have  we  not  at  any  rate  a  trace 
of  the  great  deity  Baal  or  Bel,  and  may  not  the 
Belbec  be  identified  with  Balbec,  his  beautiful 
temple  in  Syria?  That  temple  stands  beside  a 
brook  from  which  it  may  have  derived  its  name, 
tracing  the  word  beck  up  to  its  Eastern  origin. 
You  have  readers  many  and  wise ;  can  they  throw 
any  light  upon  it  ?  R.  A. 

Carlisle. 

Epitaph.  —  The  following  from  an  old  news- 
paper (1750)  appears  too  good  not  to  have  a  place 
in  a  permanent  periodical : 

"  Epitaph  on  a  talkative  Old  Maid. 
Beneath  this  silent  stone  is  laid 
A  noisy  antiquated  maid, 
Who  from  her  cradle  talk'd  till  death, 
And  ne'er  before  was  out  of  breath." 

TlMON. 

James  II.  and  the  University  of  Dublin.  — 
Please  give  a  corner  in  "  N.  &  Q."  to  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  a  very  interesting  and  impartial 
work,  Taylor's  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  Ire- 
land, vol.  ii.  p.  127. : 

"  The  first  step  taken  by  James  in  his  war  on  the  Uni- 
versity of  Dublin,  proved  that  he  gave  that  learned  body 
more  "credit  for  common  sense  than  it  deserved.  He 
nominated  a  Roman  Catholic  to  be  professor  of  the  Irish 
language,  and  was  astounded  to  hear  that  no  such  pro- 
fessorship existed  in  that  venerable  institution.  Doctor 
Leland  (the  Irish  historian)  rates  James  very  severely  for 
having  committed  such  a  blunder ;  but  truly  the  blunder 
belongs  not  to  him  alone.  He  could  scarcely  have  cre- 
dited the  existence  of  such  a  practical  jest,  as  an  insti- 
tution whose  professed  design  was  to  instruct  the  Irish  in 
the  doctrines  of  the  reformed  religion,  which  yet  left  the 
teachers  wholly  ignorant  of  the  language  of  those  whom 
they  had  to  instruct.  Compared  with  this,  the  folly  of 
Goldsmith's  attempting  to  teach  English  in  Holland, 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


without  having  first  learned  Dutch,  sinks  into  insignifi- 
cance." 

The  university  cannot  now,  I  am  happy  to  say, 
be  charged  with  so  strange  an  anomaly.  In  the 
year  1840  a  Professorship  of  Irish  was  founded, 
and  for  the  encouragement  of  the  study  of  the 
language,  the  Board  have  placed  a  liberal  sum  of 
money  for  annual  premiums  at  the  disposal  of  the 
professor.  Moreover,  the  Governors  of  the  Irish 
College  of  St.  Columba,  and  also  the  Committee 
of  the  Irish  Society,  have,  with  the  sanction  of  the 
authorities,  founded  several  scholarships  in  the 
University,  designed  for  candidates  for  the  mi- 
nistry. How  true  indeed  is  the  maxim,  "  Better 
late  than  never  !  "  ABHBA. 

1253  Descendants.  —  In  "N.  &  Q."  (Vol.  vii., 
p.  547.)  is  an  account  of  William  Strutton,  who 
left  251  descendants,  which  had  appeared  before 
in  Vol.  v.,  p.  283. ;  and  in  Vol.  vi.,  pp.  106.  209., 
of  Mrs  Mary  Honeywood,  who  lived  to  see  367 
lawfully  descended  from  her.  Fuller,  in  his 
Worthies  of  England,  "Buckinghamshire,"  p.  138., 
relates  that  — 

"  Dame  Hester  Temple  had  four  sons  and  nine 
daughters,  which  lived  to  be  married,  and  so  exceed- 
ingly multiplied,  that  this  lady  saw  700  extracted  from 
her  body.  Reader,  I  speak  within  compass,  and  have 
left  myself  a  reserve,  having  bought  the  truth  hereof 
by  a  wager  I  lost." 

But  the  following  from  the  Annual  Register  for 
1804,  p.  51.  of  the  "Chronicle,"  throws  all  these 
into  the  shade : 

"  At  Gloves,  near  Athenry,  Ireland,  after  a  short 
illness,  Mr.  Denis  Coorobee,  of  Ballindangin,  aged  117. 
He  retained  his  faculties  to  the  last,  and  until  two 
days  previous  to  his  death,  he  never  remefnbered  to 
have  any  complaint  or  sickness  whatever,  toothache 
only  excepted.  Three  weeks  before  his  death  he 
walked  from  his  house  to  Galway,  and  back  the  same 
day,  which  is  twenty-six  miles.  He  could,  to  the  last, 
read  the  smallest  print  without  the  assistance  of  glasses, 
which  he  never  accustomed  himself  to,  with  as  much 
ease  as  a  boy  of  sixteen.  It  has  been  acknowledged 
by  the  most  intelligent  men  of  this  kingdom,  that,  for 
the  present  age,  he  was  the  most  experienced  farmer, 
and  the  brightest  genius  for  the  improvement  of  agri- 
culture ;  it  is  upwards  of  seventy  years  since  he  propa- 
gated that  most  useful  article  to  the  human  species 
called  the  'black  potatoe.'  He  was  married  seven 
times,  and  when  married  to  the  last  he  was  ninety-three 
years  old  ;  by  them  all  he  had  48  children,  2:36  grand- 
children, 944  great-grandchildren,  and  25  great-great- 
grandchildren, the  oldest  of  whom  is  four  years  old  ; 
and  his  own  youngest  son,  by  the  last  wife,  is  about 
eighteen  years  old." 

ZEUS. 

Nelson  and  the  Apple-woman.  —  As  the  slightest 
anecdote  of  our  great  naval  hero  appears  to  me  to 
be  not  without  interest,  I  am  induced  to  make  a 


note  of  a  passage  in  Nelson's  early  life  which  has 
not  (I  am  informed)  been  hitherto  noticed  in 
print.  Nelson  was  passing  an  evening  with  the 
family  of  a  London  hosier,  when  the  pater-familias, 
coming  in  from  the  street,  narrated  as  an  amusing 
anecdote  a  misadventure  which  had  just  befallen 
a  poor  apple-woman.  The  poor  woman  had  her 
stall  in  the  street ;  a  man,  while  pretending  to 
purchase  apples,  had  made  fast  one  end  of  a  cord 
to  a  leg  of  the  apple-stall,  and  the  other  end  to  the 
back  of  a  hackney  coach.  Off  went  the  coach, 
dragging  the  apple-stall  along  with  it ;  the  fruit 
was  scattered  in  the  mud,  the  apple-woman  was  in 
tears  and  despair :  the  hosier  thought  it  a  most 
capital  joke,  and  laughed  immoderately.  But 
Nelson  thought  it  no  laughing  matter  ;  his  kindly 
heart  was  touched  by  the  poor  woman's  distress, 
and  he  at  once  left  the  house,  sought  out  the 
apple-woman,  and  more  than  recompensed  her  for 
the  loss  she  had  sustained. 

CCTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 


The  Fire  of  London  in  1666.  —  The  vaticina- 
tions of  this  great  calamity,  and  its  forerunner 
the  plague,  collected  by  MR.  STERNBERG,  are  in- 
teresting (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  79.  153.)  ;  but  whether 
they  were  uttered  before  or  after  the  vaticinated 
events,  is  now  of  little  consequence.  The  ques- 
tion, however,  is  still  open.  Did  the  fire  originate 
in  accident  or  design  ?  Historians  generally  con- 
cur in  attributing  it  to  the  former ;  but  the  fol- 
lowing seems  to  point  to  the  latter  : 

"  At  the  Committee  of  Trade  and  Plantations,  in  the 
Council  Chamber  at  Whitehall,  Thursday  the  15th  of 
Dec.,  1681 :  present,  His  Highness  Prince  Rupert,  Lord 
Privy  Seal,  Earl  of  Craven,  &c. 

"  The  petition  of  Col1  William  Doughty,  referr'd  by  an 
order  of  Council  of  the  18th  of  Nov.  last,'  is  read,  where- 
in, &c. 

"  Col1  Doughty  does  farther  acquaint  the  Comittee,  that 
about  t-.vo  months  before  the  ffire  of  London,  my  Ld  Taff's 
brother,  a  Capuchin,  Col1  Mort  Obryan,  and  sev1  others 
in  France,  did  speak  of  a  great  disaster  that  should 
happen  shortly  after  in  England,  and  that  soon  after 
this  discourse  he  saw  at  Paris  this  Capuchin,  my  Ld  Taff's 
brother,  in  gentleman's  cloaths  and  equipage.  And  as  for 
the  particular  discourse,  he  refers  himself  to  a  letter  writ- 
ten by  him  the  said  Col1  Douglass  (sic)  at  that  time  to 
Col.  Xicholas  Carew  here  in  London.  Col1  Doughty  does 
likewise  make  oath  to  the  truth  of  what  is  above  men- 
tioned, according  to  the  best  of  his  remembrance ;  wch 
their  Ldps  agree  to  report  unto  his  Slaty  in  Council  to- 
morrow in  the  afternoon,  and  Dr.  (si'c)  Xichs  Carew  is  ap- 
pointed to  give  his  attendance  at  that  time." 

Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  furnish  the  sub- 
stance of  the  report  made  by  the  Council  on  the 
following  day,  and  the  result  of  the  examination 
of  Dr.  or  Col.  Carew,  which  no  doubt  followed  ? 
Are  the  original  minutes  of  the  proceedings  of  the 


Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


423 


Board  of  Trade  and  Plantations  of  those  days  in 
the  State-Paper  Office,  or  where  else  ?  Who  was 
"my  Lord  Taff?  "  and  who  were  Colonels  Doughty 
and  Carew  ?  ERIC. 

Hochelaga. 

[This  is  a  very  loose  way  of  putting  a  Query.  The 
writer  should  have  sent  his  authority  with  the  extract. — 
ED.  "K.  &Q."] 

Dean  Smedley.  —  Can  any  one  give  us  any  ac- 
count of  Jonathan  Smedley,  Dean  of  Clogher  and 
Ferns  in  Ireland,  and  celebrated  as  the  diver  in 
The  Dunciad.  It  is  stated  (see  Scott's  Swift, 
xiv.  43G.)  that  he  went  to  India  (Fort  St.  George) 
in  1728,  leaving  behind  a  kind  of  epitaph  on  him- 
self in  Latin,  of  which  the  most  prominent  passage 
was,  that  he  prides  himself  as  being  the  first  who 
ventured  to  say  Patres  sunt  Octulce.  Is  anything 
more  known  of  him  ?  C. 

Dryden  and  Addison.  —  In  Addison's  versified 
account  of  the  greatest  British  poets  we  read,  — 

"  But  see  where  artful  Dryden  next  appears, 
Grown  old  in  rhyme,  but  charming  even  in  years. 
Great  Dryden  next,  whose  tuneful  Muse  affords 
The  sweetest  numbers  and  the  fittest  words,"  &c. 

And  then  follow  a  dozen  more  lines  on  Dryden. 
But  is  there  not  here  some  mistake  in  the  first 
mention  of  Dryden  ?  Was  not  some  other  poet 
meant,  after  whom  "  Great  Dryden  next  appears  ?  " 
The  text  appears,  as  I  have  cited  it,  in  all  the 
editions  of  Addison  that  I  have  been  able  to  see. 

C. 

Song  of  the  Revolution,  1688.  —  Some  seventy 
years  ago,  before  dyspepsia  came  in  fashion,  a 
club,  composed  of  the  finest  specimens  of  the 
country  gentleman  then  flourishing,  was  wont  to 
meet  annually  on  November  5  in  our  town  ;  and 
after  signalising  the  day  by  a  consumption  of 
viands  perfectly  alarming,  used  to  wind  up  with  a 
song  bearing  especial  reference  to  the  Revolution, 
of  which  I  can  learn  only  a  single  terminal 
couplet.  Can  any  reader  help  me  ?  It  ran  thus  : 

"  The  gods  adored  were  gods  of  wood, 
Sign  posts  carved  and  painted." 

It  could  not  have  been  purely  local. 

K.  C.  WARDE. 
Kidderminster. 

Anastatic  Printing. — Who  is  the  publisher  of  a 
pamphlet  on  Anastatic  Printing,  by  C.  J.  Jordan  ? 

J.  P. 

Taverners  Testament.  —  I  possess  a  few  leaves 
of  the  rare  octavo  edition  of  Tindale  (revised 
by  Rychard  Taverner),  1539.  MR.  OFFOR,  to 
whom  I  have  submitted  them,  is  only  aware  of 
one  other  copy  existing.  My  object  is  to  ascertain 
if  any  other  copy  is  known :  the  one  MR.  OFFOR 
mentions  was  formerly  in  the  Harleian  Collection. 
The  leaves  (a  portion  of  St.  John's  Gospel)  formed 


part  of  the  paper  lining  of  an  oak   chest  temp. 
Eliz.,  from  which  they  were  taken.  R.  C.  WARDE. 
Kidderminster. 

Manor  of  Old  Paris  Garden. — There  is,  'or 
used  to  be,  a  ditch  or  dyke  running  across  Great 
Surrey  Street,  Blackfriars"  Road ;  but  for  some 
few  years  past  it  has  been  covered  and  built  upon. 
All  buildings  thereon  are  subject  to  a  ground-rent, 
payable  to  the  steward  of  the  "Manor  of  Old 
Paris  Garden,"  and  collected  half-yearly.  If  you 
could  give  me  any  information  respecting  this 
old  manor,  you  would  greatly  oblige. 

J.  EDMUNDS. 

Dr.  Adam  Clarke's  MSS. — I  have  in  my  pos- 
session a  rather  interesting  quarto  volume  in  MS., 
comprising  about  six  hundred  very  carefully 
written  pages,  and  entitled  "  The  Lives  of  the 
English  Martyrs  Epitomised  ;  containing  a  Par- 
ticular and  Circumstantial  Account  of  the  Lives, 
Sufferings,  and  Deaths  of  the  Protestants  in 
the  Reign  of  Queen  Mary  the  First,"  &c.  As 
appears  from  a  note  in  pencil,  it  belonged  to 
Dr.  Adam  Clarke,  and  is  mentioned  in  p.  58. 
(No.  94.)  of  the  Catalogue  of  Dr.  Clarke's  MSS., 
published  by  his  son.  Not  having  access  to  a  copy 
of  the  Catalogue*  in  question,  and  wishing  to  know 
particulars  of  the  book  (which  is  one  hundred 
years  old,  and  has  no  author's  name),  may  I  apply 
to  you,  or  to  some  of  your  correspondents,  for  the 
required  information  ?  ABHBA. 

Halfpenny  of  George  II.  —  Some  ten  or  twelve 
years  ago  a  workman  in  my  employment,  at 
Rathmines,  near  Dublin,  dug  up  a  curious  coin, 
which  I  have.  On  the  obverse  is  the  head  of 
George  II.,  with  the  words  and  figures  "  GEORGIUS 
ii.  REX;"  the  reverse  bears  the  crowned  harp  of 
Ireland,  with  "  HIBERNIA,  1789."  The  date  is 
perfectly  plain.  It  appears  to  be  a  coin  from  the 
mint,  milled  at  the  edges,  and  evidently  in  con- 
siderable circulation.  I  fear  your  readers  will 
call  it  a  truly  Irish  coin,  bearing  as  it  does  a  date 
twenty-nine  years  after  George  II.'s  death.  I 
have  hitherto  been  unable  to  obtain  any  explana- 
tion of  it.  Y.  S.  M. 

'•'•The  Political  Register,  and  Impartial  Review  of 
New  Books."  —  Information  is  desired  as  to  the 
origin,  length  of  time  for  which  published,  prin- 
cipal writers  of,  and,  in  short,  general  history  of 
this  periodical,  of  which  the  34th  monthly  Num- 
ber, being  the  1st  Number  of  Vol.  vi.,  was  that 
for  January,  1770.  Is  it  the  first  periodical,  or 
only  periodical,  of  that  name  ?  M.  N.  S. 

[*  The  Catalogue  merely  notices  it  as  follows:  "Fox's 
Martyrology  Epitomised.  4to.  bound,  pp.  6(12." — ED.] 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


Minor  fauevitsi  tofff) 

Passage  in  Erasmus.  —  Will  you  be  so  kind  as 
to  invite  your  readers  to  elucidate  a  dark  place  in 
one  of  Erasmus's  Colloquies  ? 

In  a  dialogue  entitled  "  Peregrinatio  religionis 
ergo,"  in  which  Ogygius  and  Menedemus  are  the 
sole  interlocutors,  the  former  tells  the  latter  that 
he  has  been  to  visit  — 

"  Divum  Jacobum  Compostellanum,  et  hinc  reversus,  Vir- 
ginem  Parathalassiam  apud  Anglos  percelebrem." 

Menedemus  is  curious  to  know  more  of  this 
Virgo  Parathalassia,  and  says  : 

"  De  Jacobo  frequenter  audivi :  sed  obsecro  te,  describe 
mihi  regnum  istius  Parathalassias." 

His  friend  replies : 

"  Equidem  expediam,  quam  potero  paucissimis.  Cele- 
berrimum  nomen  est  per  universam  Angliam,  nee  temere 
reperias  in  ea  insula,  qui  speret,  res  suas  fore  salvas,  quin 
illam  quotannis  aliquo  munusculo  pro  facultatum  modulo 
salutarit. 

"Men.  Ubihabet? 

"  Off.  Ad  extremum  Angliae  finem  inter  occidentem  et 
septentrionem,  haud  procul  a  mari  passuum  fere  tribus 
millibus,  vicus  est  vix  alia  re  victitans  quam  commean- 
tium  frequentia.  Collegium  est  Canonicorum,  sed  quibus 
&  Latinis  Regulae  nomen  additur;  medium  genus  inter 
monachos  et  canonic  03  quos  seculares  appellant." 

Though  Erasmus  indicates  the  situation  of  this 
religious  house  so  precisely,  I  am  unable  to  dis- 
cover where  it.  was.  Can  any  of  your  readers  in- 
form me  ?  ABDONENSIS. 

Monte  Fusco. 

[Erasmus's  geography  is  faulty:  Our  Lady  of  Wai 
singham  is  intended.  Mr.  Nichols,  in  his  Pilgrimages 
to  St.  Mary  of  Walsingham,  p.  82.,  has  the  following  note 
to  this  passage :  "  Erasmus's  description  would  be  enough 
to  puzzle  any  commentator,  if  it  was  not  ascertained  from 
so  many  other  proofs  that  Walsingham  is  intended. 
Even  as  respects  the  distance  of  Walsingham  from  the 
sea,  Erasmus  had  not  preserved  an  accurate  recollection. 
It  is  about  seven  miles  from  the  town  of  Wells,  the  nearest 
port,  and  eight  from  the  sea ;  but  most  of  the  pilgrims 
coming  by  sea  would  probably  land  at  Lynn,  at  a  distance 
of  twenty-seven  miles."] 

The  Revolution  of  1688. — Did  the  Prince  of 
Orange  land  on  the  4th  or  the  5th  of  November  ? 

D. 

[The  Prince  of  Orange  arrived  in  Torbay  on  the  eve  of 
the  anniversary  of  the  Gunpowder  Plot;  but,  according 
to  Burnet  (who  was  on  board  one  of  the  prince's  ships),  it 
appears  that,  "  The  4th  of  November  being  the  day  on 
which  the  prince  was  born  and  married,  he  fancied  that 
if  he  could  land  that  day  it  would  look  auspicious  to  the 
army,  and  animate  the  soldiers.  But  we  all,  who  con- 
sidered that  the  day  following  being  Gunpowder  Treason 
day,  our  landing  that  day  might  have  a  good  effect  on 
the  minds  of  the  English  nation,  were  better  pleased  to 
see  that  we  could  land  no  sooner."  (Harl.  MS.  6798. 
art.  49.)  See  also  Trevor's  Life  and  Times  of  William  III., 
vol.  i.  p.  281.,  who  says,  "  On  the  4th,  the  fleet  continued 
to  steer  their  course  in  order  to  land  at  Dartmouth  or 
Torbay.  During  the  night  the  violence  of  the  wind 


carried  them  beyond  the  desired  port;  but  a  favourable 
change  taking  place,  the  following  morning  the  whole 
fleet  was  safely  carried  into  Torbay,  a  place  in  every  way 
most  suited  for  landing  the  horse."] 

Richard  Wiseman  the  Surgeon.  —  I  cannot  find, 
in  any  of  the  Biographies  which  I  have  consulted, 
the  date  of  the  birth  and  death  of  Richard  Wise- 
man, the  father  (as  he  is  often  styled)  of  British 
surgery.  Can  any  of  your  readers  help  me  ?  The 
object  which  I  have  in  view  is  to  do  honour  to 
Wiseman's  memory.  MEBICTJS. 

[The  following  document,  preserved  in  the  Lansdowne 
MSS.,  No.  255.,  may  probably  lead  to  the  discovery  of 
the  parentage  at  least  of  Richard  Wiseman.  It  is  written 
by  Sir  Robert  Wyseman,  the  seventh  son  of  Sir  Thomas 
Wyseman,  of  Rivenhall,  in  Essex.  Sir  Robert  was  ad- 
vocate to  Charles  II.,  and  afterwards  became  vicar -general 
and  dean  of  the  Arches.  Obit.  August  17,  1684,  in  his 
seventy-fourth  year :  —  "  Whereas  my  worthy  friend  and 
kinsman  Richard  Wiseman,  Esq.,  one  of  his  Majesty's 
Chirurgeons  in  Ordinary,  hath  expressed  unto  me  to- 
have  my  declaration  of  his  alliance  and  kindred  unto 
myself  and  family,  I  do  thereupon  declare  that  I  do  ac- 
knowledge the  said  Richard  Wiseman  to  be  my  kinsman 
and  descendant  of  my  family,  and  that  I  do  give  free 
liberty  to  him  the  said  Richard  Wiseman  to  use  and  bear 
the  coat  of  arms  and  crest  of  my  family,  in  such  manner 
and  with  such  distinction  as  my  worthy  friend  Sir  Ed- 
ward Walker,  knight,  Garter  Principal  King  of  Arms, 
shall 'confirm  and  assign  unto  him.  In  witness  hereof  I 
have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal  the  3rd  day  of  April, 
1671. — ROBERT  WYSEMAX."  Nichols,  in  his  Leicester- 
shire, vol.  ii.  p.  71.,  notices  a  portrait  of  Richard  Wiseman 
by  Cooper,  among  the  pictures  in  Belvoir  Castle.] 

Bishop  Dillon.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents inform  me  whether  there  was  an  Irish 
bishop  of  the  family  of  Dillon,  about  six  gene- 
rations back ;  perhaps  of  the  see  of  Ossory  or 
Meath  ?  and,  if  so,  whether  any  information  as 
to  his  pedigree  and  descendants  can  be  obtained? 

J.  H.  T. 

[Ware  mentions  Thomas  Dillon,  born  at  Meath,  edu- 
cated at  Oxford,  promoted  to  the  see  of  Kildare  in  1523, 
and  died  in  1531.  Archdeacon  Cotton  adds,  "  that  it  ap- 
pears from  the  State  Papers,  vol.  ii.,  that  the  Earl  of 
Kildare  asked  Cardinal  Wolsey  to  procure  the  bishopric 
for  Edward  Dillon,  then  dean,  but  failing  in  this,  he 
seems  to  have  obtained  the  preferment  for  a  namesake, 
perhaps  a  brother." — Fasti  Eccles.  Hiber.,  vol.  ii.  p.  230.] 

Tutchin  Family.  —  Information  is  requested  re- 
specting the  family  of  Tutchin,  mentioned  in  Ma- 
caulay's  History  as  being  condemned  by  Jeffreys  to 
be  flogged  through  every  market-town  in  Dorset- 
shire every  year  for  seven  years.  A.  B. 

[There  is  a  biographical  account  of  John  Tutchin,  or 
j  Touchin,   the   celebrated    editor   of   The  Observator,    in 
Noble's  Biographical  History  of  England,  vol.  ii.  p.  311. 
Pope  has  memorialised  him  in  The  Dunciad : 

"  Earless,  on  high,  stood  unabash'd  De  Foe ; 
And  Tutchin,  flagrant,  from  the  lash  below." 

He  died  Nov.  23,  1707,  aged  forty-four.      Nothing  seems 
to  be  known  of  his  family  connexions.] 


Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


425 


St.  George's,  Hanover  Square.  —  When  were 
houses  in  the  parish  of  St.  George,  Hanover 
Square,  first  numbered  ?  I  will  instance  George 
Street.  D. 

[According  to  Cunningham's  Handbook,  George  Street 
was  built  about  1719,  and  Lord  Chancellor  Cowper  died 
at  No.  23  in  1723 ;  so  that  the  street  must  have  been 
numbered  between  those  dates.] 


VOLTAIRE,   SOUTHEY,   AND  PROFESSOR   DE   MORGAN. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  282.) 

It  is  well  known  to  all  who  are  conversant 
with  the  state  of  literature  and  public  opinion  in 
France,  that  great  anxiety  is  generally  shown  in 
the  most  distinguished  quarters  to  disavow  all 
sympathy  with,  or  participation  in,  the  sceptical 
and  irreligious  opinions  and  tenets  circulated  for 
a  time  with  such  fatal  effect  by  Voltaire  and  his 
infidel  school.  Whatever  dark  traces  these  crude 
notions  may  have  left  in  the  literature  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  the  best  and  greatest  writers 
of  the  present  age  are  happily  free  from  them. 
A  deeper  acquaintance  with  the  spirit  and  cha- 
racter of  the  literature  of  other  countries, — above 
all  with  the  works  of  Dante  and  Shakspeare  in 
poetry,  and  in  philosophy  with  the  writings  of 
Bacon,  Vico,  Herder,  Reid,  and  Stewart,  —  has 
had  a  chief  part  in  effecting  this  happy  change. 
In  consequence  of  this  reaction,  a  new  school  has 
arisen  in  France,  deriving  its  chief  inspiration 
from  Christian  sources ;  the  school  of  Chateau- 
briand, Mme.  de  Stael,  Cousin,  Guizot,  Villemain, 
and  Lamartine,  whose  disciples  and  admirers, 
now  spread  all  over  France,  wielding  the  chief 
organs  of  the  press,  and  occupying  the  most  emi- 
nent social  positions,  are  zealous  in  propagating 
the  doctrines  and  in  diffusing  the  spirit  of  their 
great  masters.  The  laudable  attempts  of  many 
writers  in  France,  as  well  as  in  other  countries, 
to  free  Voltaire  from  the  charge  of  having  written 
the  most  horrible  blasphemy  ever  conceived  and 
uttered  to  the  world,  are  honourable  in  themselves, 
as  showing  that  sincere  doubts,  and  often  positive 
disbelief,  exist  in  their  minds  respecting  the  jus- 
tice of  the  imputation.  However  bad  his  charac- 
ter may  be,  let  it  not  be  made  to  seem  worse  than 
it  really  is  by  unfounded  charges,  which  only  re- 
coil upon  their  authors.  To  the  exculpatory  evi- 
dence brought  forward  by  Southey  and  Professor 
De  Morgan,  permit  me  to  add  that  of  a  recent 
writer  in  La  Presse,  a  French  newspaper,  in  the 
number  for  February  23,  1853,  in  an  essay  on 
the  works  and  character  of  Voltaire.  The  charge 
is  not  formally  disposed  of,  but  only  incidentally 
alluded  to  in  a  way  to  show  that  the  writer  looked 
upon  the  dreadful  expression  as  wholly  inappli- 


cable, and  never  meant  to  be  used  in  the  deplor- 
able sense  that  some  would  elicit  from  it.  Such, 
at  least,  appears  to  me  to  be  the  construction 
which  a  candid  mind  would  put  upon  the  follow- 
ing language : 

"  Ce  qu'ils  (ses  ennemis)  ne  pardotment  pas  &  Vol- 
taire, c'est  d'avoir  si  puissamment  contribue  a  couvrir 
de  lumiere  le  peuple,  que  ses  oppresseurs  chargeaient  de 
scandales,  d'iniquite's,  et  d'impots.  Ce  qu'ils  ne  lui  par- 
donnent  pas,  c'est  la  guerre  si  glorieuse  qu'il  a  faite  a 
Vinfame  (sic),  c'est-a-dire,  au  fanatisme,  a  1'intoWrance,  k 
la  superstition,  a  la  tyrannic.  Ce  qu'ils  ne  lui  pardonnent 
pas,  surtout,  c'est  de  nous  avoir  laisse  des  ciseaux  et  des 
limes  pour  rogner  les  ongles  et  limer  les  dents  de  ce 
monstre." 

JOHN  MACRAT. 

Oxford. 


BISHOP    GRIFFITH   WILLIAMS. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  66.  252.) 

Your  correspondent  HIRLAS  has  fallen  into  a 
few  mistakes  respecting  this  eminent  prelate. 
Ware  states  that  the  time  of  his  birth  was  1589, 
not  1587  ;  and  as  he  took  his  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Divinity  A.D.  1616,  and  Doctor  of  Divinity 
A.D.  1627,  both  at  Cambridge,  it  is  evident  that 
Oxford  cannot  claim  him.  The  truth  I  believe  is, 
that  after  being  for  some  short  time  at  Christ 
Church  College,  at  Oxford,  he  entered  Jesus 
College,  Cambridge.  He  was  ordained  deacon  by 
the  Bishop  of  Rochester  1606-7,  and  priest  by  the 
Bishop  of  Ely  three  months  after,  on  the  30th  of 
May,  1607.  The  diocese  of  Kilkenny  owes  him  a 
deep  debt  of  gratitude,  for  on  his  return  to  St. 
Canice  after  the  Restoration,  finding  the  see-house 
dilapidated,  the  cathedral  desecrated,  and  the 
church  lands  alienated,  he  devoted  his  entire 
energies  to  the  restoration  of  the  three.  He  lived 
to  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-four,  and  was  buried 
in  Kilkenny.  He  was  one  of  the  four  bishops  to 
whom  King  Charles  addressed  his  commission  for 
the  restoration  of  the  Irish  Church ;  and  on  the 
27th  of  January,  1660,  he,  with  Bramhall,  Arch- 
bishop of  Armagh,  Lesley,  Bishop  of  Raphoe,  and 
Maxwell,  Bishop  of  Kilmore,  at  St.  Patrick's, 
Dublin,  consecrated  together  the  following  twelve 
Irish  bishops  : — Margetson  for  Dublin,  Pullen  for 
Tuam,  Boyle  for  Cork,  Taylor  for  Down,  Price 
for  Ferns,  Wild  for  Derry,  Synge  for  Limerick, 
Parker  for  Elphin,  Hall  for  Killala,  Baker  for 
Waterford,  Leslie  for  Dromore,  and  Warth  for 
Killala. 

Some  interesting  particulars  respecting  him  will 
be  found  in  Mant's  History  of  the  Irish  Church, 
as  well  as  in  the  books  quoted  by  HIRLAS.  In 
addition  to  the  books  named  as  being  -published 
by  him,  in  the  cathedral  library  here  (Waterford), 
I  find  The  Chariot  of  Truth,  London,  Tyler,  1663, 
which  contains  a  declaration  against  sacrilege,  and 


426 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


The  Great  Vanity  of  every  Man,  with  a  curious 
dedication  to  King  Charles.  Ware  describes  him 
as  "  bountiful  in  his  charity,  an  excellent  divine, 
and  an  extraordinary  preacher."  He  was  offered 
a  pension  by  Henry  Cromwell  of  100?.  per  annum, 
yet  he  would  not  accept  it.  He  also  refused  a 
living  of  400Z.  a  year  offered  him  by  the  Earl  of 
Pembroke.  THOMAS  GIMLETTE,  Clk. 

St.  Glare's,  Waterford. 


THE    CRESCENT. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  196.  319. ;  Vol.  x.Np.  114.) 

The  following  passages  from  the  Koran  and  the 
'Turkish  History  I  had  overlooked  in  my  former 
communication,  as  a  supplement  to  which  they 
may  now  serve  to  throw  some  farther  light  on  the 
subject  of  your  correspondent's  inquiry  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  196.). 

The  fifty-fourth  chapter  of  the  Koran,  entitled 
"  The  Moon,"  commences  thus : 

"The  hour  of  judgment  approacheth,  and  the  moon 
hath  been  split  in  sunder :  but  if  the  unbelievers  see  a 
sign,  they  turn  aside,  saying,  this  is  a  powerful  charm. 
And  they  accuse  thee,  0  Mohammed,  of  imposture." 

This  is  one  of  the  few  instances  in  which  Mo- 
hammed claimed  the  evidence  of  miracle  on  his 
behalf.  The  traditional  and  orthodox  interpre- 
tation of  the  passage  will  be  seen  in  the  following 
anecdote. 

Prince  Cantemir  in  his  lively  narrative  relates, 
that  he  one  day  asked  his  Turkish  instructor, 
Saadi  Effendi,  a  most  learned  Mohammedan,  and 
deeply  skilled  in  mathematics,  how  he  could  be- 
lieve "  that  Mohammed  broke  the  star  of  the 
moon  and  caught  half  of  it  falling  from  heaven  in 
his  sleeve  ?  "  He  replied,  "  That  indeed  in  the 
course  of  nature  the  thing  could  not  be  done,  but 
as  in  the  Koran  this  miracle  was  affirmed  to 
have  been  wrought,  he  resigned  his  reason  and 
embraced  the  miracle.  For,"  added  he,  "  God 
can  do  whatever  he  pleases."  (History  of  the 
Othman  Empire,  p.  31.  ed.  1734.) 

The  same  author  farther  tells  us  that  when  at 
Constantinople  he  had  frequent  conversations  with 
Tekeli,  the  celebrated  Hungarian  chief,  and  had 
often  heard  him  say,  — 

"  What  can  we  do,  my  brother  ?  It  has  pleased  God  to 
make  us  subject  to  a  master,  who  by  his  actions  very  well 
answers  to  his  shield  (i.  e.  his  coat  of  arms).  I  have  found 
their  false  prophet  mistaken  in  almost  every  point ;  yet  in 
this  I  believe  he  spoke  with  a  prophetic  spirit,  when 
he  gave  his  followers  a  crescent  for  their  arms;  for  that 
very  well  denotes  their  inconstancy."  —  Ibid.  p.  295. 

After  having  related  the  institution  of  the 
Janizaries,  A.D.  1362,  the  historian  adds  the  fol- 
lowing note : 

"The  janizaries  bear  in  their  banners  a  two-edged 
sword,  bent  like  a  ray  of  lightning,  opposite  to  a  crescent ; 


on  their  heads  they  wear  a  ktche,  or  white  handkerchief, 
in'form  of  a  sleeve.  In  other  respects  they  are  dressed 
like  the  rest  of  the  infantry."  —  P.  40. 

And  in  describing  the  siege  of  Vienna  in  1529,  he 
mentions  the  crescent  as  the  emblem  of  Moham- 
medanism antagonistic  to  the  cross.  The  Turks 
say  that  at  the  request  of  the  inhabitants,  who 
entreated  the  sultan  to  spare  the  tower  of  St. 
Stephen's,  — 

"  He  granted  a  truce  both  for  the  city  and  tower  on 
condition  that  they  would  instead  of  the  cross  place  a 
crescent  on  the  top  of  it.  This  indeed  the  besieged  did 
do,  but  they  deferred  the  promised  surrender."  —  P.  192. 

From  these  passages  it  appears  that  we  are 
warranted  by  Turkish  history  and  tradition  in 
inferring,  —  First,  that  the  crescent  has  been  for 
several  centuries  a  public  symbol  of  the  religion 
and  authority  of  the  Othman  (or  Ottoman)  empire. 
Secondly,  that  it  was  in  use,  as  part  of  the 
standard  of  the  janizaries,  nearly  a  century  before 
the  taking  of  Constantinople  by  Mohammed  II. 
Thirdly,  that  it  was  given  by  the  founder  of  Mo- 
hammedanism as  a  symbol  to  his  followers,  in 
commemoration  of  some  unusual  natural  pheno- 
menon, which  had  more  the  appearance  of  miracle 
than  any  other  event  to  which  he  could  appeal  in 
confirmation  of  his  prophetic  mission. 

J.  W.  THOMAS. 

Dewsbury. 

On  the  question  at  what  period  the  crescent 
became  the  symbol  or  badge  of  the  Turks,  I  beg  to 
refer  the  querists  to  what  is  related  of  the  first 
Sultan  Othman.  It  is  said  that  he  saw  in  a  vision 
a  half- moon,  which  kept  increasing  enormously, 
till  its  rays  extended  from  the  East  to  the  West ; 
and  that  this  led  him  to  adopt  the  crescent  upon 
his  standards,  with  this  motto,  "  Donee  repleat 
orbem."  F.  C.  H. 


BRYDONE   THE   TOURIST. 

(Vol.x.,  p.  270.) 

The  extract  from  M.  Dutens*  Memoirs  of  a 
Traveller  now  in  Retirement,  which  is  given  by 
MR.  BATES,  ante,  p.  270.,  as  tending  to  substantiate 
the  statement  that  the  tourist  never  made  the 
ascent  of  Mount  Etna,  furnishes  another  instance 
of  the  unfairness  which  I  complained  of  in  my 
former  communication  : 

"  Mr.  Brydone  flattered  himself,"  says  this  extract, 
"  with  having  seen  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Etna  a 
horizon  of  800  miles  diameter,  the  radius  of  which  would 
have  been  400  miles.  Xow,  from  an  examination  of  the 
convexity  of  the  globe,  it  is  proved  that  it  would  require 
that  Etna  should  be  sixteen  miles  high  to  see  that  dis- 
tance, even  with  the  best  telescope." 

Any  person  reading  this  extract  would  believe 
that  Brydone  pretended  actually  to  have  seen  to 
a  distance  of  eight  hundred  miles,  and  to  have 


Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


427 


discovered  from  the  top  of  Etna  objects  which 
would  only  be  visible  with  the  best  telescope  from 
a  height  of  sixteen  miles  ;  and  in  this  sense  alone 
could  it  substantiate  the  statement  it  is  brought 
forward  to  confirm.  The  misrepresentation  of 
M.  Dutens  will  be  best  exposed  by  subjoining  the 
whole  passage  from  Brydone's  work  —  I  cannot  in 
fairness  abridge  it,  —  which  shows  that  all  the  ob- 
jects described  by  him  from  the  top  of  Etna  are 
undoubtedly  within  the  limits  of  vision  ;  and  that 
the  utmost  which  can  be  laid  to  his  chnrge  is,  that 
in  making  a  rough  calculation  of  what  the  extent 
of  the  horizon  ought  to  be,  he  has  fallen  into  an 
error. 

"  The  circumference,"  he  writes,  "  of  the  visible  horizon 
on  the  top  of  Etna  cannot  be  less  than  2000  miles ;  at 
Malta,  which  is  near  200  miles  distant,  they  perceive  all 
the  eruptions  from  the  second  region ;  and  that  island  is 
often  discovered  from  about  one  half  the  elevation  of  the 
mountain;  so  that  at  the  whole  elevation,  the  horizon 
must  extend  to  near  double  that  distance,  or  400  miles, 
which  makes  800  for  the  diameter  of  a  circle,  and  2400 
for  the  circumference.  But  this  is  by  much  too  vast  for  our 
senses,  not  intended  to  grasp  so  boundless  a  scene.  I  find, 
indeed,  by  several  of  the  Sicilian  authors,  particularly 
Massa,  that  the  African  coast,  as  well  as  that  of  Naples, 
with  many  of  its  islands,  have  often  been  discovered  from 
the  top  of  Etna.  Of  this  however  we  cannot  boast,  though 
we  can  very  well  believe  it.  Indeed,  if  we  knew  exactly 
the  height  of  the  mountain,  it  would  be  easy  to  calculate 
the  extent  of  its  visible  horizon." — Tour,  Letter  X.1 

I  am  not  about  to  deny  the  incorrectness  of  the 
above  calculation  ;  the  mistake  is  obvious ;  for  the 
extent  of  the  horizon  at  the  whole  elevation  will 
not  be  nearly  double  its  extent  at  half  the  eleva- 
tion. But  does  this  in  the  least  affect  the  author's 
veracity  ?  The  whole  thing  is  a  matter  of  calcu- 
lation, not  of  fact ;  and  though  his  mathematics 
may  be  faulty,  he  is  no  more  guilty  of  falsehood 
than  a  boy  who  makes  a  mistake  in  his  arithmetic. 
I  would  point  out,  on  the  other  hand,  that  the 
above  passage  is  quite  opposed  to  the  inference 
MR.  BATES  seeks  to  draw  from  it ;  for  our  author 
states  that  he  failed  to  discover  the  coast  of  Africa 
and  Naples,  which  were  said  to  be  visible,  but 
which,  as  we  now  know,  are  below  the  horizon  ; 
showing  plainly  that  his  account  of  the  scene  is 
given  from  actual  observation,  and  not  taken  from 
the  descriptions  of  others. 

After  criticising  Brydone  on  his  inaccuracy,  the 
extract  given  by  MB.  BATES  finishes  by  relating 
a  circumstance  in  corroboration  of  the  writer's 
view,  the  absurdity  of  which  has  not  struck  your 
correspondent : 

"  Lord  Seaforth  told  me,"  says  M.  Dutens,  "  that  as  he 
was  bathing  one  afternoon  in  "the  sea,  near  the  island  of 
Malta,  he  saw  the  sun  set  behind  Mount  Etna,  the  top  of 
which  only  he  was  then  able  to  perceive." 

How  the  sun  could  be  seen  setting  nearly  due 
north,  or,  to  be  quite  exact,  a  point  and  a  half  to 
the  east  of  north,  which  is  the  bearing  of  Mount 
Etna  from  Malta,  I  leave  others  to  explain,  as  the 


statement  is  made  not  by  Brydone,  but  by  his 
criticiser. 

As  to  the  last  portion  of  MR.  BATES'  Note,  I 
have  only  to  remark  that  it  is  quite  beside  the 
question  at  issue.  The  time  has  passed  by  when 
charges  of  heresy  and  infidelity  were  the  common 
weapons  of  controversy,  and  I  should  regret  to 
see  the  use  of  them  revived.  Suffice  it  therefore 
to  say,  that  the  opinions  which  subjected  Brydone 
to  this  charge  are  now  shared  in  by  all  men  of 
science,  whether  clerical  or  lay. 

In  conclusion,  let  me  suggest  to  your  corre- 
spondents, first,  that  before  mentioning  the  truth 
of  any  alleged  statement  of  our  author,  it  would 
be  well  to  ascertain  whether  he  ever  made  it,  the 
omission  of  which  precaution  has  filled  your 
volumes  with  much  needless  discussion.  And, 
secondly,  that  when  authorities  are  quoted  against 
him,  they  should  be  something  more  reliable  than 
stories  of  the  sun  setting  in  the  north.  G.  ELLIOT. 


ROMAN   CATHOLIC    DIVORCES. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  326.) 

The  Querist  D.,  who  conversed  "  with  a  member 
of  the  Romish  communion  upon  the  subject  of 
divorce,"  and  was  informed  that  in  the  case  of 
"  the  dissolution  of  the  marriage  contract  by  au- 
thority of  the  pope,  the -parties  are  never  allowed 
to  marry  again,"  has  been  perplexed  by  the  em- 
ployment of  terms  either  not  correctly  used,  or 
misunderstood. 

In  the  language  of  the  Romish  casuists,  divorce 
it  but  a  separation  of  the  parties  by  a  judicial 
sentence,  and  does  not  dissolve  their  marriage. 
So  Dens,  No.  61.,  Tract,  de  Matrimonio : 

"  Divortium  est  separatio  conjugum,  quoad  thorum, 
vel  habitationem,  manente  matrimouii  vinculo." 

The  same  authority  declares  it  to  be  a  consequence 
of  matrimony  being  a  sacrament,  that  it  is  in- 
dissoluble "jure  divino,  positivo,  et  naturali." 
Dens  proceeds,  however,  to  except  four  cases.  His 
first  is  "matrimonium  infidelium  (sou  non  baptiza- 
torum,"  No.  55.),  respecting  which  he  observes, 
that  if  the  separating  party  becomes  a  Christian, 
the  Church  will  allow  him  to  marry  unless  "  lapsus 
sit  in  adulterium."  The  two  next  cases  allow  that 
monastic  vows,  or  a  papal  dispensation,  may  dissolve 
a  marriage,  so  long  as  it  has  not  been  consummated. 
The  remaining  case  is  a  grave  concession,  that  a 
marriage  may  be  dissolved  by  the  death  of  either 
party,  "  ita  ut  si  vir  a  mortuis  resuscitaretur,  vin- 
culum  matrimonii  maneret  dissolution:  casus  hie 
unicus  est,  quo  matrimonium  fidelium,  ratum  et 
consummatum,  dissolvitur." 

Lastly,  as  to  any  dissolution  of  the  marriage 
contract  by  authority  of  the  pope,  as  understood 
doubtless  by  the  Querist,  Dens  says,  "  Certum  est 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


in  matrimonio  rato  et  consummate  dispensare  non 
posse  summus  Pontifex  ;  unde  nullus  nunquam  id 
legitur  attentasse."  (De  Matrim.  No.  58.) 

There  are,  however,  Roman  canonists  who  would 
not  so  limit  the  pope's  authority.  Such  are  cited 
by  Cardinal  Nicol.  de  Tudescis,  Abp.  of  Palermo 
(Latin,  Panormitanus),  super  prima  parte  lmi 
Decretalium,  De  Electione,  cap.  Significasti,  fol. 
119.  col.  4,  where  he  quotes,  Bal.  in  c.  j.  qualiter 
do.  et  prie.  prive,  as  saying, — 

"Papa  est  omnia  super  omnia.  Et  idem  Bal.  in  c.  cum 
super  co.  j.  de  caus.  pos.  et  proprie,  quod  Papa  est  supra 
jus,  et  contra  jus,  et  extra  jus ;  et  dicit  Host,  in  c.  cum 
venissent,  c.  de  judi.  quod  potest  papa  aquare  quadrata 
rotundis." 

I  leave  the  abbreviations  to  be  unravelled  by  the 
learned  in  such  terms.  The  plain  words  in  Italics 
are  intelligible,  though  rather  dogmatic  than  con- 
vincing. 

Your  Querist's  words, "  marriage  contract,"  might 
however  be  treated  by  a  "  member  of  the  Romish 
communion "  as  meaning  no  more  than  sponsalia, 
or  espousals.  Of  these  Dens  has  said :  "  Sponsalia 
differunt  a  matrimonio,  quod  matrimonium  inducat 
vinculum  indissolubile  jure  naturae,  non  sic  spon- 
salia  ! "  (De  SponsaL,  No.  1.)  The  dissolution  of 
such  marriage  contracts  by  papal  authority  does 
not  involve  any  prohibition  against  contracting 
another  marriage,  which  it  is  ordinarily  intended 
to  facilitate  or  legalise. 

In  any  cases  which  D.  may  have  heard  or  read 
of  the  dissolution  of  the  marriage  tie  by  any  court 
whose  decisions  are  governed  by  the  papal  law,  he 
would  find,  on  inquiry,  that  the  arguments  and 
decision  turn  almost  exclusively  upon  the  offered 
proofs  of  some  reason  for  disallowing  the  legality 
of  the  marriage.  Blackstone  has  observed  that 
"  the  canon  law  deems  so  highly,  and  with  such 
mysterious  reverence,  of  the  nuptial  tie,  that  it 
will  not  allow  it  to  be  unloosed  for  any  cause 
whatsoever  that  arises  after  the  union  is  made." 
(Comm.,  vol.  i.  p.  441.)  But  the  papal  lawyers 
have  devised  impediments  of  various  kinds  to  the 
legality  of  a  marriage ;  so  as  to  leave  it  at  least 
as  liable  to  be  contested  as  the  ordinary  title-deeds 
to  English  estates.  And  if  any  one  of  these  im- 
pediments be  alleged  and  proved  to  have  existed 
at  the  time  of  the  marriage,  a  papal  court  will 
declare  the  marriage  to  have  been  a  nullity  ;  and 
this  sentence  is  declared  to  be  pronounced  for  the 
saving  of  the  souls  of  the  parties,  by  inhibiting 
them  from  regarding  each  other  as  man  and  wife. 
This  of  course  leaves  either  party  as  much  at 
liberty  to  contract  marriage  with  some  other  per- 
son, as  if  he  or  she  had  continued  single  up  to  that 
time. 

By  a  strange  anomaly,  our  ecclesiastical  law 
continues  in  the  state,  in  which  it  was  not  in- 
tended to  remain  for  any  longer  time  than  might 
suffice  for  the  composing  and  enacting  of  the 


"  Reformatio  legum  ecclesiasticarum."  Our  eccle- 
siastical courts  are  still  bound  to  regulate  their 
decisions  by  the  papal  canon  law,  so  far  as  it  is 
not  contrary  to  Scripture,  nor  to  our  national 
laws ;  and  they  are  consequently  unable  to  allow 
the  husband  of  an  adulteress  any  other  relief  than 
that  of  a  divorce  a  mensu  et  thoro.  To  obtain 
the  dissolution  of  his  marriage,  he  must  appeal  to 
the  sovereign  authority  of  the  legislature,  and 
procure  a  special  act  of  parliament,  which  will 
generally,  but  not  necessarily,  enable  him  to  marry 
again.  It  is  but  too  obvious  that,  under  this 
system,  such  persons  as  are  not  rich  are  practically 
refused  the  relief  which  would  be  conceded  to 
the  wealthy.  HENRY  WALTER. 


To  the  Query  of  D.,  whether  parties  divorced  by 
authority  of  the  Pope  are  ever  allowed  to  marry 
again,  I  beg  to  answer  decidedly  that  they  never 
are.  See  the  Council  of  Trent,  Sess.  24.  canons  5. 
and  7.  F.  C.  H. 


TOBACCO-SMOKING  :     QUEEN    ELIZABETH. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  48.) 

The  following  extract  is  taken  from  the  Itine- 
rarium  Germanics,  Gattice,  Anglice,  Italice,  scriptum 
a  Paulo  Hentznero,  J.C.,  published  in  Nurem- 
berg, A.D.  1612. 

The  author  visited  England  in  1598,  and  re- 
lates, among  many  other  things,  how  one  of  his 
friends  had  his  pocket  picked  in  London,  whilst 
present  at  the  civic  ceremonies  and  pastimes  of 
St.  Bartholomew's  Day.  He  afterwards  describes 
the  sort  of  theatre  used  for  bull  and  bear  baiting, 
and  in  the  place  is  found  the  notice  of  tobacco- 
smoking  and  clay  pipes  : 

"  Utuntur  in  hisce  spectaculis  sicut  et  alibi,  ubicunque 
locorum  sint  Angli,  herba  Jficotiana  quam  Americano 
idiomate  Tabacam  nuncupant  (PaAum  alii  dicunt)  hoc 
modo  frequentissime ;  Fistulas  in  hunc  finem  ex  argilla 
factae,  orificio  posteriori,  dictam  herbam  probe  exiccatam, 
ita  ut  in  pulverem  facile  redigi  possit,  immittunt,  et  igne 
admoto  accendunt,  unde  fumus  ab  anteriori  parte  ore  at- 
trahitur,  qui  per  nares  rursum,  tanquam  per  infurnibulum 
exit,  et  phlegma  ac  capitis  defluxiones  magna  copia  secum 
educit."  — Pp.  132,  133. 

Perhaps  also  the  author's  description  of  Queen 
Eliz.ibeth,  whom  he  saw  at  "  Grunwidge,"  may 
not  be  uninteresting  to  some  : 

"  Hos  sequebatur  Regina,  setatis,  uti  rumor  erat,  Lxr. 

annorum,  magna  cum  majestate,  facie  oblonga  et  Candida, 

sed  rugosa,  oculis  parvis,  sed  nigris  et  gratiosis,  naso  pau- 

•  lulum  inflexo,  labiis  compressis,  dentibus  fuliginosis  (quod 

j  vitium  ex  nimio  saccari  usu,  Anglos  contrahere  verisimile 

!  est),  inaures  habens  duas  margaritis  nobilissimis  appensis, 

1  crinem  fulvum  sed  factitium ;  capiti  imposita  erat  parva 

i  quaedam  corona,  quse  ex  particula  auri  celeberrimie  illius 

i  tabulae  Lunseburgensis  *  facta  esse  perhibetur ;  pectore  erat 

[*  Two  Queries  have  appeared  in  our  pages  respecting 
this  Luneburg  table,  which  still  remain  unanswered.    See 
|  Vol.  v.,  p.  256. ;  and  Vol.  vii.,  p.  355.— ED.] 


Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


429 


nuda,  quod  Virgiuitatis  apud  Anglos  Nobiles  signum  est ; 
nam  maritatae  sunt  tectas ;  collum  torques  gemmis  no- 
bilissimis  refertus  circumdabat;  manus  erant  graciles, 
digit!  longiusculi,  statura  corporis  mediocris ;  in  incessu 
magnifica,  verbis  blanda  et  humanissima ;  induta  forte 
turn  temporis  erat  veste  serica  alba,  cujus  oram  raargaritse 
preciosissimae  fabarum  magnitudine  decorabant,  toga  su- 
perinjeota  ex  serico  nigro,  cui  argentea  fila  admista,  cum 
cauda  longissima,  quain  Marchionissa  pone  sequens  b,  pos- 
teriori parte  elevatam  gestabat ;  collare  habebat  oblongum, 
vice  catena?,  gemmis  et  auro  fulgens,"  &c.  —  Pp.  135, 
136. 

J.  N.  BAGNALL. 
West  Bromwich. 


Pasquin— 'Tobacco-smoking  (Vol. x.,  pp. 46.48.). 
—  Was  it  not  on  the  occasion  of  the  Pope's  pro- 
hibition of  tobacco-smoking,  that  Pasquin  ap- 
peared holding  on  a  scroll  the  following  very 
pertinent  quotation  from  the  Book  of  Job  : 

"  Contra  folium  quod  vento  rapitur  ostendis  potentiam 
tuam,  et  stipulate  siccain  persequeris  ?  " 

F.  C.  II. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Talbotype  Queries :  — 

1.  In  iodizing  paper  according  to  DR.  DIAMOND'S  in- 
structions, as  given  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  600.,  is  it 
absolutely  necessary  to  wash  it  for  four  hours,  or  can  the 
time  be  reduced  by  often  changing  the  water?     Does  not 
the  long  soaking  remove  the  size? 

2.  In  making  the  iodized  paper  sensitive,  should  the  , 
gallo-nitrate  of  silver  be  blotted  off  immediately  after  its 
application,  or  should  it  be  allowed  to  soak  in  for  some 
time ;  and  if  so,  for  how  long  ? 

3.  If  the  sensitive  papers  are  put  into  the  dark  slide 
dry,  is  it  necessary  to  wash  the  glasses  before  putting  in 
fresh  papers  ? 

4.  What  is  the  cause  of  brown  spots  appearing  on  the 
back  of  the  picture  after  developing,  and  how  is  this  to 
be  prevented  ? 

5.  Can  good  pictures  be  obtained  upon  new  paper,  as  I 
cannot  meet  with  any  old  ?  R. 

[1.  It  may  not  be  absolutely  needful  to  wash  the  paper 
for  four  hours,  but  it  is  safe  to  do  so ;  the  better  and  more 
compact  the  paper,  the  longer  the  soaking  required.  Cold 
water  does  not  appear  to  remove  the  size  of  the  paper. 
We  have  used  perfectly  good  iodized  paper,  which  has 
been  soaked  twenty-four  hours. 

2.  After  the  paper  has  been  well  wetted  with  the  gallo- 
nitrate  solution,  it  is  not  needful  for  it  to  soak,  but  im- 
mediately blot  it  off.     Take  care   that  the   solution   is 
applied  perfectly  all  over  up  to  the  edges,  which  prevents 
the  paper  from  cockling  up. 

3.  When  your  glasses  have  been  once  well  cleaned, 
never  wash  them,  but  breathe  and  rub  with  a  silk  hand- 
kerchief.    Papers  are  better  put  in  at  once  after  blotting 
off;  they  always  lay  flat  when  that  is  the  case. 

4.  The  spots  in  all  probability  arise  from  some  of  the 
solution  staining  the  back :  or,  if  you  develope  a  paper 
which  has  been  used  for  waxing  the  negatives,  it  some- 
times causes  it.    New  paper  will  act  often  in  this  way 
from  permitting  the  solutions  to  permeate  through. 

5.  Pictures  can  be  obtained  on  new  paper,  but  we  be 
lieve  much  uncertainty  then  attends  the  process.     Those 
who  have  old  paper  should  value  it :  often  paper  obtained 


from  the  ordinary  stationers,  is  much  better  than  that 
made  for  photographic  purposes.  The  stationers  in  local 
towns  have  often  old  stock  they  are  glad  to  get  rid  of, 
and  it  is  invaluable  for  photography.  We  recently  pur- 
chased a  most  valuable  article  in  this  way  for  our  own 
use.] 

Bromide  of  Silver.  —  The  addition  of  bromide  of  silver 
to  the  double  iodide  solution,  as  was  some  time  back  re- 
commended by  DR.  DIAMOND  for  increasing  the  sensi- 
tiveness of  paper  prepared  with  it,  cannot,  I  think,  be  any 
advantage  whatever,  for  not  one  particle  of  bromide  of 
silver  is  thereby  introduced  into  the  paper,  as  the  follow- 
ing experiment  will  show,  namely :  if  a  portion  of  bro- 
mide of  silver,  prepared  by  precipitation  from  the  nitrate, 
is  boiled  in  a  nearly  saturated  solution  of  muriate  of  am- 
monia, it  will  be  found  entirely  to  dissolve ;  whereas  the 
precipitate,  which  forms  on  adding  water  to  a  solution  of 
iodide  of  potassium  saturated  with  bromide  of  silver,  will, 
if  treated  in  the  same  manner,  be  found  to  be  altogether 
insoluble.  The  precipitate  in  the  latter  case  cannot  there- 
fore be  bromide  of  silver ;  and,  as  the  only  other  elements 
which  the  solution  contained  were  iodine  and  potassium, 
it  must  evidently  be  the  iodide.  But  if  farther  proof  is 
required  of  this,  the  precipitate  may  be  boiled  in  a  little 
strong  nitric  acid,  when  a  piece  of  paper  moistened  with 
starch  paste,  on  being  held  in  the  vapour,  will  immedi- 
ately assume  a  blue  colour,  indicating  the  presence  of 
iodine.  It  appears,  therefore,  that  iodide  of  silver  alone 
is  precipitated  on  adding  water  to  a  solution  of  the  double 
iodide  of  silver,  which  contains  also  bromide  of  silver. 
What  then  can  be  the  advantage  of  adding  the  bromide  ? 

JOHN  LEACHMAIT. 


ta 

Queen  Anne's  Farthings  (Vol.  x.,  p.  384.).  — 
It  is  perfectly  astonishing  to  what  an  extent  the 
notion  of  there  being  but  three  farthings  of  this 
queen  (and  their  consequent  excessive  value)  has 
spread,  even  supposing  it  to  have  been  derived 
from  the  story  mentioned  by  MR.  AKERMAN  in 
Vol.  iv.,  p.  84.  MR.  GANTILLON'S  account  ap- 
pears to  be  a  variety  of  this.  Many  a  time  have 
I  had  one  of  the  very  common  little  brass  pieces 
of  Queen  Anne  (perhaps  a  forgery  of  the  six- 
pence) brought  exultingly  to  me  as  one  of  the 
three,  and  very  rueful  has  been  the  expression 
when  I  have  produced  three  or  four  others  to 
prove  the  contrary.  There  are  five  patterns  of 
the  farthing  : 

1.  Jo.  Britannia  as  usual,  with  date  1713  in  the 
legend.     Ex.  blank. 

2.  IjL  as  last,  but  with  date  1714  in  the  ex. 
Both  these  are  comparatively  common,  and  were 
probably   current.      They  have   a   broad   milled 
edge,  exactly  similar  to  the  farthings  of  Geo.  III. 

3.  "Q.  ANNA  .  AVGVSTA."     ]jjj.  Peace  in  a  biga, 
with  an  olive  branch  and  the  hasta  pura  or  point- 
less spear  in  her  hand.     Ex.  1713. 

4.  Obv.  as  Nos.  1.  and  2.   Rev.  Britannfa  seated 
under  an  arch.     Ex.  1713. 

5.  Legend  of  both  sides,  indented  on  a  broad 
rim,  like  the  early  pennies  of  Geo.  III.     Rev. 


430 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265- 


Peace  standing  with  olive  branch  and  spear : 
"BELLO  .  ET  .  PACE."  Ex.  1713. 

There  are  also  five  varieties  of  the  halfpenny, 
all  of  which  are  patterns  and  were  never  in  cir- 
culation : 

1.  "  ANNA  .  D  .  G  .  MAG  .  BR  .  FR  .  ET  .  HIB  .  KEG." 

Head  to  the  left.  $..  Britannia  seated,  holding 
an  olive  branch,  and  surmounted  by  a  crown.  No 
legend  or  date. 

2.  As  No.  1.     IjL  Slightly  different.    Britannia 
holds  a  rose. 

3.  Obv.  as  before,     fy.  A  rose  and  thistle  on  a  ! 
single  stem,  surmounted  by  a  crowa. 

4.  Obv.  and  rev.  as  before,  but  no  crown  on  rev.  i 

5.  Head  and  legend  on  obv.  and  rev.  alike  : 
"ANNA  DEI  GRATIA."  E.  S.  TAYLOR. 

Ormesby  St.  Margaret,  Norfolk. 

It  seems  to  be  in  vain  to  attempt  to  eradicate 
some  errors  ;  but  I  confess  that  I  am  much   as- 
tonished to  see  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  the 
thousand-times  refuted  statement  that  there  were 
only  three  farthings  struck  of  Queen  Anne.     I 
have  seen  at  least  a  hundred  letters  from  different 
individuals,  in  each  of  which  it  is  stated  that  the 
British  Museum  has  two,  and  that  the  writer  has 
>     the  third  ;  and  in  some  instances  asks  if  he  is  en- 
titled  to  a  reward  of   1000Z.   or   1200Z.     Every 
collector  has  three  or  four  specimens  ;  the  Museum 
has  four  in  gold,  four  in  silver,  and  eight  in  copper. 
Mr.  Miles,  who  commenced  a  collector  and  ended  j 
as  a  dealer,  finding  it  in  vain  to  argue  and  ex- 
plain, always   kept  about  half-a-dozen  of  these  i 
farthings  in  a  drawer,  which  he  exhibited  to  any  j 
one  who  demanded  a  high  price  for  a  specimen  he  j 
happened  to  possess,  and  offered  to  purchase  for  j 
three  shillings,  or  sell  any  or  all  in  the  drawer  at  ; 
five  shillings  each.  EDW.  HAWKINS. 

Peter  Burman  (Vol.  x.,  p.  363.). — It  may,  per- 
haps, contribute  in  some  degree  to  satisfy  H.  B.  C.'s 
inquiry,  if  I  send  the  following  extract  from  a 
funeral  oration  on  the  death  of  Petrus  Burmannus, 
delivered  at  Leyden,  April  26,  1741,  by  Her- 
mannus  Oosterdyk  Schacht,  and  printed  at  the 
end  of  Pelri  Burmanni  Orationes,  Ha^a?  Comitis, 
1759. 

"  Vultus  ipsi  serenus,  placiilus,  et  quadam  cum  gravi-  ] 
tate  conjunctam  hilaritatem  pros  se  ferens,  apud  amicos 
facetus,  jocosus,  apertus,  nunquam  simulans,  semper  veri-  ; 
dicus,  oderat  quippe  mendacium  ceu  omnium  vitiorum 
nequissimum,  ab  omni  assentatione  et  adulatione  alienis-  j 

simus Ha?c  autem  genii  hilaritas,  hi  inter  amicos  j 

agitati  joci,  sparsique  sales,  a  tetricis  quibusdam  et  mo- 
rosis  requo  animo  subinde  baud  tolerabnntur,  quorum  in- 
dignationem  non  semper  effugere  potuit,  sed  conscius  ea 
quse  dixerat,  animo  nocendi  aut  lasdemli  cupido  non  fuisse 
prolata,  parum  inde  movebatur,  et  siquid  in  ipsum  dice- 
retur  inclementius,  arma,  quibus  se  defenderet,  habebat 
paratissima,  sed  quidquam  etiam  evenerit,  memores  illi 
irse  rarissima:  fuerunt,  et  si  quid  illarum  superesse  sentiret, 
id  quamprimuin  excutere  memoriainque  illius  delere  co- 


natus  est.  Hsec  ingenuitas  uti  hinc  ipsi  adversaries  et 
inimicos  quosdam  concitavit,  sic  illinc  plurimos  amicos  et 
benevolos  conciliavit  ..... 

"  Op'time  noverat  Burmannus  et  aliquando  non  sine  in- 
dignatione  conpererat,  non  defuisse  quosdam,  qui  obtrec- 
tandi  prurigine  concitati,  ansa  ex  quibusdam  loquendi 
formulis  sumta,  contumeliose  de  ipsius  sententiis,  quoad 
veram  Religionem  fuerunt  locuti  ;  at  hisce  caluinniis, 
saltern  aliquibus  ex  iis,  originem  forte  dedit  Latin®  lin- 
guae vel  non  sufficiens  cognitio  vel  turpis  illius  ignorantia, 
qua  accidit,  ut  quredam  illius  dicta  et  scripta  baud  bene 
intellecta  ita  ab  iis  accepta  et  traducta  fuerint,  ut  fere 
haeresios  adcusari  potuerint;  sed  genuina  linguae  illius 
intelligentia  nihil  minus  in  illis  dictionibus  reperiri  satis 
ostendit.  Errasse  certe  illos  nisi  fallor  norunt  illi,  qui 
Burmauno  familiarius  usi,  pluribus  occasionibus,  quae  illi 
de  sacris  mens  esset,  perspicere  potuerunE  Ne  taedeat 
Vos,  asquissimi  et  proejudiciis  exuti  Auditores,  si  dixero, 
defunctum  nostrum  et  Reverendo  Honerto  et  mihi  non. 
adeo  longo  ante  fatalem  diem  temporis  spatio  ad  se  voca- 
tis,  spoute,  nemine  incitante,  sententiam  suam  de  Deo, 
Jesu  Christo  solo  hominum  redemptore,  de  peccantium. 
oonversione  ad  Deum,  de  spe  vitse  aiternas  per  solam  Dei 
clementiam  et  servatoris  Jesu  Christi  merita  adipiscendse, 
et  de  peccatorum  prenitentia,  forti,  clara,  et,  quantum  per- 
mittebat  infirmitas,  distincta  voce  protulisse,  seque  salutem 
suam  reternam  non  alio  fundamento  sperare  et  exspectare 
testatum  fuisse;  neque  destitisse  prius,  quam  vocis  et 
virium  intimiitas  ultertbres  conatus  subflaminaret." 


Dublin. 

Hannah  Lightfoot  (Vol.  x.,  p.  329.).  —  The 
"gentleman  named  Dalton"  was  James  Dalton, 
Esq.,  M.D.,  then  high  in  the  H.  E.  I.  Company's 
medical  service  at  Madras,  whence  he  came  to 
England,  and  deceased  in  1823,  leaving  by  this 
lady  four  children  :  Henry  Augustus,  of  the 
Royals,  or  1st  foot  regiment  ;  Hawkins  Augustus, 
of  the  lloyal  Navy;  Charlotte  Augusta;  (all  three 
of  whom  died  a  few  years  afterwards;)  and  Caro- 
line Augusta,  now  the  wife  of  Daniel  Prytherch, 
Esq.,  of  Caermarthen,  by  whom  she  has  a  nu- 
merous family.  E.  D. 

'•'•Albert  sur  les  Operations  deTAme"  (Vol.  x., 
p.  102.).  —  M.  Charlier  has  misinterpreted  the 
passage  for  which  A.  J.  inquires.  It  is,  — 

",So  ist  auch  aus  dem  obigen  Grand  viel  leichter,  als 
aus%  denen  librigen  bekannten  und  gemeinen  theore- 
malibus  zu  erklaren,  wie  die  subtile  Tractatio  de  Taran- 
tismo  und  Hydrophobia  aufzusehen  ;  nehmlich  dass  bey 
ienem  die  veiietzte  und  krancke  Person  nicht  elender  zu 
tanzen  anfange,  biss  ihr  derselbe  Than  vorgespielt  wird, 
welchen  diejenige  Tarantul,  so  dieselbe  Person  verletzet 
hat,  zu  lieben  pflegt  ;  welches  ja  vorher  ein  soldier 
Mensch  weder  gehort  noch  erfahren  ;  dannoch  verursachet 
das  beygebrachte  Gifft  eine  solche  sonderbabre  Veran- 
derung";  welche  specialis  relatio  animae  gegen  dasselbe 
GifFt  sey,  kann  nicht  determinirt  werden  ;  so  viel  ist 
gewiss,  dass  dieser  Thon  nicht  im  Gifft  als  in  der  Materie 
stecke,  sondern  wie  bey  der  Tarantul  nach  dem  Gebor  die 
Erwehlung  eines  solchen  tonl  geschielit,  so  kommt  bey 
der  verletzten  Person  das  Hauptwerk  nicht  auf  blosse 
corperliche  Dinge,  sondern  auf  die  Seele  an.  Und  ebeii 
dergleichen  Beschaffenheit  hat  es  mit  der  Hydrophybia, 
wann  darinnen  die  Menschcn,  eben  also  wie  ein  Toller 
Hund  vor  dem  Wasser,  einen  Abscheu  und  Furclit  haben  ; 


Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


431 


dannnach  unterschiedener  Beschaffenheitund  natiirlicher 
Wurkung  derer  Materien  ill  das  Corpus,  bringet  die  Seele 
tmterschiedene  Wiirkungen  vor,"  &c. — D.  Mich.  Alberti, 
Tractatus  de  occultis  Animce  hwnance  Qualitatibvs,  Schrif- 
ten,  pp.  605,  Halle,  1721. 

M.  Charlier  probably  used  a  modern  dictionary, 
in  which  Thon  is  rendered  as  "  argile  "  only ;  but 
with  such  a  knowledge  of  the  language  as  did  not 
exempt  him  from  this  mistake,  his  compliment  to 
Dr.  Alberti,  on  having  Men  explique  its  action,  is 
of  little  value.  It  will  also  be  seen  from  the 
above,  that,  so  far  from  believing  tarantula  and 
hydrophobia  to  be  the  same  malady,  Dr.  Alberti 
points  out  only  one  quality  common  to  both. 

The  Medicinische  und  Philosophische  Schrifien 
is  a  duodecimo  of  648  pages,  containing  seventeen 
essays.  A  portrait-frontispiece  represents  the 
author  as  a  well-looking  man  in  a  large  wig. 
Beneath  is  inscribed,  — 

"Dr.  Michael  Alberti,  Eegije  Majest.  Boruss.  Consiliar. 
Aulicus,  Medic,  et  Philosoph.  Natural,  in  Eegia  Frideri- 
ciana,  Prof.  Publ.  Ordinarius.  Natus  An.  1682,  d.  13  No- 
vembr. " 

H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

Oxford  Jeu  d? Esprit  (Vol.  x.,  p.  364.).  —I  be- 
lieve I  can  answer  correctly  two  of  the  Queries  of 
your  correspondent  G.  L.  S. 

The  very  amusing  burlesque  poem,  from  which 
the  line 

;  "  H  pa.  vv  /not  Tvpvoi<Ti.  Sofnov  Scot  OvpUt  yovv<7p.tv." 

is  taken  —  the  96th  line  in  a  composition  of  102 
lines, — was  generally  attributed  to  2ivK\aipox  2/«^- 
^pios,  as  he  calls  himself,  i.  e.  Wm.  Sinclair  of  St. 
Mary  Hall,  and  now,  if  I  am  rightly  informed,  the 
respected  incumbent  of  St.  George's,  Leeds.  It 
is  headed,  — 

"  Uniomachia 

Canino  Anglico,  Grace  et  Latine. 

Ad  codicum  fidem  accuratissime  recensuit ; 

annotationibus  Heavysternii  ornavit ;  et 

suas  insuper  notulas  adjecit, 

Habbakukius  Dunderheadius, 

Coll.  Lug.  Bat.  olim  Soc.  etc.  etc.", 

and  was  published  by  Talboys  in  1833. 

Johannis  Gilpini  iter  Latine  redditum  was  first 
published,  I  think,  about  the  year  1834.  A  second 
edition,  published  in  1841,  lies  now  before  me. 
Its  author  was  always  supposed  to  be  Charles 
Wm.  Bingham,  Fellow  of  New  College,  and  now 
rector  of  Mclcombe  Horsey,  Dorset.  As  I  see 
that  he  is  an  occasional  contributor  to  your  pages, 
perhaps  he  will  contradict  the  impeachment,  if  it 
be  unfounded.  M.  A.,  Oxon. 

Volkre's  Chamber  (Vol.  x.,  p.  327.)-  —  Allow 
me  to  suggest  to  your  correspondent  J.  B.  WHIT- 
BORNE  that  "Volkre's  Chamber"  means  the  peo- 
ple's chamber,  Volk  being  the  word  used  for 
people,  or  folk,  in  Norway.  In  Miss  Bremer's 
Works,  this  word  is  used  in  reference  to  the  com- 


mon room  used  by  the  servants,  and  volke  or  peo- 
ple who  came  up  to  the  seigneur's  house.  There 
appears  very  little  doubt  but  that  the  meaning 
of  "  Volka  Meadow  "  is  people's  meadow  ;  as  it 
seems  that  it  is  a  field  appropriated  to  the  use  of 
the  town-people  in  general.  E.  S.  W. 

Norwich. 

[Dr.  S.  E.  Meyrick  suggests  that  "Volkre's  Chamber" 
may  be  a  corruption  of  "  Sepulchre's  Chamber,"  where  the 
Host  was  deposited  en  Good  Friday,  together  with  the 
crucifix,  on  which  occasion  a  solemn  office  was  performed 
called  Tenebrse,  and  apertures  made  at  the  sides  that  the 
people  might  witness  the  ceremonies.  See  Gent.  Mag., 
vol.  xcvi.  pt.  ii.  pp.  396.  584.,  where  will  be  found  an.  en- 
graved plan  of  this  curious  chamber.] 

"  Lord,  dismiss  ?«  with  thy  blessing  "  (Vol.  x., 
p.  288.).  —  There  are  two  hymns  beginning  with 
this  line.  One  of  them  is  in  what  some  hymno- 
logists  call  "  peculiar  metre  "  (8,  7,  4's),  and  has 
three  stanzas.  It  begins  thus  : 

"  Lord,  dismiss  us  with  thy  blessing, 
Fill  our  hearts  with  joy  and  peace." 

The  other  is  in  8  and  7's,  and  consists  of  eight 
lines  only,  besides  a  Hallelujah  chorus.  It  begins 
thus : 

"  Lord,  dismiss  us  with  thy  blessing, 
Bid  us  all  depart  in  peace." 

One  or  other  of  these,  but  more  frequently  the 
former,  is  to  be  found  in  most  collections  of  hymns  ; 
and  in  none  that  I  have  searched  do  I  find  the 
author  of  either  named.  In  one  collection,  "  de- 
signed as  an  appendix  to  Dr.  Watts's  Psalms  und 
Hymns"  and  bearing  the  name  of  "  T.  Cloutt,"  of 
Walworth,  both  these  hymns  are  inserted  ;  and  at 
first  I  thought  I  had  found  an  answer  to  your 
correspondent's  Query,  as  the  former  hymn 
(No.  631.)  was  marked  "  J.  C — n,"  and  the  latter 
(No.  632.)  "  A — s."  On  looking,  however,  to  the 
list  of  authors,  I  found  that  "  J.  C — n  "  stands  for 
"  Rev.  Mr.  Jay's  Collection,"  and  "  A — s "  for 
"  Anonymous." 

By  the  way,  I  may  as  well  add  that  Cloutt's  col- 
lection is  now  better  known  as  "  Russell's  ;  "  the 
Rev.  T.  Cloutt  having  abandoned  his  maid-servant- 
like  patronymic,  and  taken  the  more  aristocratic 
name  of  Russell.  I  quote  from  the  seventh  edition 
of  the  Collection.  H.  MAKTIN. 

Halifax. 

Wesley  was  the  author  of  the  hymn,  — 
"  Lord,  dismiss  us  with  thy  blessing." 

E.dT. 

This  is  given  in  Bickersteth's  Psalmody  with 
the  name  of  "  Burder  "  attached  in  the  index. 

H.  G.  T. 
Weston-super-Mare. 

Roman  Inscription  (Vol.  x.,  p.  205.). — Noticing 
a  communication  respecting  the  Roman  inscrip- 
tion found  at  Irchester,  near  Wellingborough,  I 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


beg  to  refer  your  correspondent  to  vol.  iii. 
pp.  251-3.  of  Mr.  Roach  Smith's  Collectanea 
Antiqua,  for  a  full  account  of  it.  With  regard  to 
the  word  Cos,  Mr.  R.  Smith  reads  it  Consults. 
Moreover,  it  seems,  the  same  word  occurs  in  an 
inscription  found  at  Winchester,  referred  to  in 
p.  272.  of  the  same  work.  E.  PRETTY. 

Standard-bearer  of  the  Conqueror  (Vol.  x., 
p.  306.).  —  The  office  of  standard-bearer  of  Nor- 
mandy was  hereditary  in  the  family  of  De  Toeny, 
Lords  of  Toe'ny  and  Conches,  as  appears  from  the  j 
passage  of  the  Roman  de  Rou,  referred  to  by 
J.  M.  G.,  with  which  compare  Ordericus  Vitalis 
in  Duchesne's  Script.  Norm.,  pp.  493.  576.  The  ! 
Fitz-Rolph  mentioned  by  MR.  WAKEMAN  is  the  ' 
same  with  the  Tosteins  Fitz-Rou  le  Blanc  of  Wace, 
to  whom  Duke  William  confided  the  standard  on 
Raol  de  Conches  and  Walter  Giffard  successively 
declining  to  bear  it.  The  Malets  were  either  de- 
scended from  or  collaterally  connected  with  this 
Toustain,  as  would  appear  from  the  genealogy 
given  in  Mr.  Taylor's  translation  of  Wace,  p.  209., 
compared  with  the  disquisition  respecting  Lucy, 
wife  of  Ivo  Taillebois,  in  the  account  of  the  Earls 
of  Lincoln  in  the  first  volume  of  Nichols'  Topo- 
grapher and  Genealogist.  But  the  precise  relation- 
ship does  not  appear.  There  is  a  good  deal  re- 
specting the  Malets,  and  also  (I  think)  regarding 
Toustain  and  his  family,  in  the  Memoirs  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Normandy,  where  possibly 
evidence  of  the  relationship  may  be  found.  I 
have  no  books  of  reference  at  the  place  from  which 
I  write.  L. 

Another  may  be  added  to  the  four  persons  men- 
tioned by  J.  M.  G.  to  whom  this  honour  has  been 
appropriated,  viz.  Sylvester  de  Grymeston,  who  is 
said  to  have  "come  over  from  Normandy  as 
standard-bearer  in  the  army  of  William  the  Con- 
queror," to  whom  "  he  did  homage  for  his  lands  at 
Grymstone  and  Holmpton."  (Burke's  Commoners.) 
The  same  statement  is  repeated  in  Poulson's 
History  of  Holderness,  vol.  ii.  p.  60.,  where  it  is 
farther  stated,  on  the  authority  of  Philpot,  that 
Sylvester  was  "  standard-bearer  to  William  at  the 
battle  of  Hastings."  Are  these  statements  re- 
corded as  facts  in  Anglo-Norman  history  ? 

F.  R.  R. 

"  The  Birch  "  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  159. ;  Vol.  x.,  pp.  73. 
116.).  —  Your  correspondent  BALLIOLENSIS  gives 
a  copy  of  The  Birch :  a  Poem,  and  requests  to 
know  the  author. 

In  No.  247.  MR.  HUGHES  of  Chester  says  that 
he  found  the  lines  in  Adams's  Weekly  Courant,  of 
Tuesday,  July  25th,  1786,  and  thinks  it  likely 
they  were  the  production  of  one  of  the  scholars  of 
the  Grammar  School  of  Chester. 

In  No.  249.,  signed  LANCASTRIENSIS,  the  writer 
agrees  with  MR.  HUGHES  in  the  probable  emana- 


tion of  this  poem  from  the  King's  School,  Chester, 
with  some  finishing  touches  from  its  master,  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Bancroft,  afterwards  Vicar  of  Bol- 
ton-le-Moors.  He  thinks  he  had  seen  it  in  Dr. 
Bancroft's  MS.  folio  of  his  own  poetical  compo- 
sitions, mixed  with  others  by  his  pupils. 

I  have  read  the  above  conjectures  with  con- 
siderable interest  and  surprise,  because,  for  the 
last  forty  years,  I  have  always  believed  this  poem 
of  The  Birch  to  have  been  the  undoubted  pro- 
duction of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Wilson,  B.  D.,  head 
master  of  Clitheroe  Grammar  School,  Lancashire, 
and  author  of  The  Archaeological  Dictionary. 
Such  has  been  to  this  day  the  general  tradition 
and  belief  of  the  whole  neighbourhood,  and  of  all 
who  have  been  connected  with  Clitheroe  School. 

I  have  a  [copy  of  verses  very  similar  to  The 
Birch  in  style  and  character,  though  on  a  different 
subject,  which  had  been  written  for  recitation  in 
the  school;  this  copy  I  received  from  Mr.  Wilson 
himself,  a  few  years  before  his  death,  and  it  is 
subscribed  with  his  initials,  "  T.  \\ .  1784." 

Since  the  question  was  mooted  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I 
have  communicated  with  a  gentleman,  who  has 
now  Mr.  Wilson's  papers  and  MSS.  in  his  possession, 
and  he  informs  me  that  on  searching  through  them, 
at  my  request,  he  finds  a  copy  of  The  Birch :  a 
Poem,  unquestionably  in  Mr.  Wilson's  band- 
writing,  and  to  which  are  subjoined  the  initials 
"  T.  W." 

These  simple  facts  will  be  sufficient,  I  may 
hope,  to  establish  the  claim  of  Mr.  Wilson  of 
Clitheroe  as  the  true  author  of  the  verses  on  The 
Birch.  J.  T.  ALLEN. 

Stradbrooke. 

Two  Brothers  of  the  same  Christian  Name 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  338.). — Two  sisters  of  the  same  Chris- 
tian name  occur  in  the  family  of  Thomas  Holland, 
Earl  of  Kent,  who  married  Alice,  daughter  of 
Richard  Fitzalan,  Earl  of  Arundel.  Alianore  the 
elder  married,  first,  Roger  Mortimer,  Earl  of 
March ;  and,  secondly,  Edward  Cherleton,  Lord 
Powis.  Alianore  the  younger  sister  married 
Thomas  Montague,  Earl  of  Salisbury.  M.  P. 

Battle-door  (Vol.  x.,  p.  385.).  —  The  passage  to 
which  F.  C.  B.  refers  is  as  follows  : 

"To  Francis  the  Watchman,  at  Coaledome's,  for  a 
skuttle  and  a  battle-door,  and  other  necessarys,  8d." 

When  I  published  the  third  volume  of  my  Annals 
of  Cambridge,  I  was  unable  to  explain  the  word 
battle-door,  or  I  should  have  added  a  note.  I 
have  since  formed  the  conclusion  that  it  means  a 
washing  betel.  See  Promptorium  Parvulorum, 
p.  27. 

With  the  concluding  part  of  the  Annals  of 
Cambridge  I  intend  to  give  a  glossarial  index. 

C.  H.  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 


Nov.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


433 


Alefounders  (Vol.  x.,  p.  307.)- — The  alefounders 
are  ale-tasters  or  ale-conners.  In  the  Old  Court 
Eolls  they  are  called  "  gustatores  cervisi,"  the 
term  commonly  used  in  the  records  of  Courts 
Leet.  During  the  Commonwealth,  when  the  Rolls 
of  the  New  Buckenham  Leet  were  kept  in  En- 
glish, these  officers  are  called  "  alefounders  ; "  and 
this  term  is  again  used  upon  the  reintroduction 
of  the  English  language.  A  short  time  since, 
when  the  books  came  under  my  notice,  as  steward 
of  the  Court  Leet,  I  determined  to  send  a  Note 
as  to  this  use  of  the  term  alefounder,  which  Mr. 
Lower  classes  with  "  ale-draper,"  and  calls  "  a 
ridiculous  designation"  (English  Surnames,  edit. 
1849,  vol.  i.  p.  112.).  Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  another  instance  ?  A.  F.  B. 

Diss. 

English  Words  derived  from  the  Saxon  (Vol.  x., 
p.  145.).  —  BOTOL.PH  is  referred  to  the  Edinburgh 
Review,  Oct.  1839,  pp.  221 — 224.,  where,  speaking 
of  Dr.  Bosworth's  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary,  it  is 
said : 

"  By  an  ingenious  contrivance  this  dictionary  not  only 
answers  the  purpose  of  a  Saxon-English,  and  of  a  Saxon- 
Latin  dictionary,  but  of  an  English  and  Saxon,  Latin  and 
Saxon  dictionary." 

I  may  add,  that  the  English  index  refers  to  all 
the  English  words  immediately  derived  from 
Saxon,  of  which  Dr.  Bosworth  not  only  gives  the 
derivation,  but  the  cognate  words  from  other 
Gothic  languages.  It  was  published  in  one  thick 
volume  8vo.,  by  Longman  &  Co.,  in  1838. 

SAXONICUS. 

The  Rowe  Family  (Vol.  x.,  p.  326.).  —  The 
arms  of  Rowe  of  Lewes,  co.  Sussex,  as  correctly 
given  by  C.  J.  R.,  were  granted,  or  rather  con- 
firmed, May  24,  1614,  by  Sir  William  Legars,  to 
John  Rowe,  Gent.,  of  Lewes.  The  crest  borne 
by  this  branch  of  the  Rowes  was  as  follows  :  "  Out 
of  a  ducal  crown  or,  a  demi-lion  gules,  holding  in 
the  paw  a  Polish  mace  in  pale  sable,  spiked  and 
pointed  argent."  T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

Army  Precedence  (Vol.  x.,  p.  305.).  —  In  reply 
to  the  Query  of  O.  S.,  I  beg  to  offer  the  following 
suggestions.  Our  military  titles  are  mostly  of 
French  derivation.  A  company  is  the  basis  on 
which  an  army  is  founded,  and  the  officer  who  is 
at  the  head  of  this  body  is  therefore  called  a 
captain  (probably  from  capuf) ;  his  deputy,  as 
holding  his  place  in  his  absence,  is  called  his 
lieu-tenant. 

The  next  body  of  men  is  called  a  regiment,  and 
is  composed  of  a  column  of  companies,  and  the 
officer  commanding  a  regiment  is  therefore  called 
a  colonel  (from  the  French  colonne).  His  deputy, 
as  holding  his  place,  is  the  lieutenant-colonel. 
But  it  sometimes  happens  that  two  or  more  com- 


!  panies  are  detached  from  a  regiment  (as  in  the 
case  of  a  depot),  and  the  officer  in  command  of 
this  detachment,  though  inferior  to  the  lieut.- 
colonel,  is  superior  to  a  captain,  and  is  therefore 
a  major  (greater) ;  as  in  the  non-commissioned 
ranks  of  the  army  the  sergeant-major  is  superior 
to  the  sergeant.  The  army  in  the  field  being 
composed  of  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery,  the 
officer  who  commands  this  general  levy  is  the 
general,  who  also  has  his  deputy  in  the  lieutenant- 
general  ;  and  as  an  officer  inferior  to  lieutenant- 
general,  and  yet  eligible  for  a  mixed  command, 
and  superior  to  the  colonel  of  a  regiment,  we  find 
the  general  who  is  major  (or  superior)  to  the 
colonel,  and  called  the  major-general.  R.  A. 

"Auke"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  53.).  —  Preferring  my 
sermon  at  home  yesterday,  I  took  up  Scotland's 
Welcome,  1603,  where,  among  the  exultations  of 
Master  Moses  Mosse  over  the  disappointed  Papists 
upon  the  death  of  Elizabeth,  I  read  the  following : 

"Full  confidently  did  they  expect,  that  so  soone  as 
euer  the  breath  was  knowen  to  be  out  of  the  queene's 
bellie,  they  should  have  beene  ringing  auke,  and  ffiering 
of  houses,  and  spoiling  of  goods,  and  leuying  of  armies, 
and  bringing  in  of  forraine  power  from  beyond  the  seas ; 
yea,  cutting  of  our  throates,  and  burying  of  vs  in  the 
dust." 

J.  O. 

Lines  at  Jerpoint  Abbey  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  308.  355.). 
—  I  have  no  distinct  recollection  of  a  publication 
in  octavo  of  Lines  written  at  Jerpoint  Abbey ;  but  I 
remember  to  have  seen,  full  fifty  years  ago,  a  thin 
quarto  poem  entitled  Jerpoint  Abbey,  with  a  vig- 
nette of  the  ruins  on  the  title-page.  The  name 
Sheffield  Grave  in  W.  H.'s  note  is  evidently  a 
mistake  for  Sheffield  Grace,  a  gentleman  who 
printed  for  private  distribution  a  large  and  hand- 
some octavo  volume  of  Memoirs  of  the  Grace 
family  ;  and  the  Lines  at  Jerpoint  Abbey  may  have 
been  his  production,  or  perhaps  a  portion  of  his  vo- 
lume, which  I  have  not  at  hand.  Jerpoint  Abbey 
ruins  are  near  Thomastown,  in  the  county  of  Kil- 
kenny, in  Ireland.  C. 

Gresebroke  in  Yorkshire  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  389. ; 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  285.)  is  about  three  or  four  miles  from 
Rotherham,  and  was  in  the  possession  of  the 
Grazebrookes  till  about  1300.  If  the  Querist  can 
consult  the  papers  of  this  family,  he  will  find  full 
particulars  as  to  the  descent  of  the  manor  and  its 
ancient  lords.  In  these  days  of  trade,  there  are 
many  reasons  which  make  our  old  families  jealous 
of  their  papers  ;  but  I  should  think,  if  the  Querist 
can  show  cause,  he  would  be  allowed  to  inspect 
these  MSS.  The  present  Mr.  Grazebrooke's  ad- 
dress is  Michael  Grazebrooke,  Esq.,  Audnam,  near 
Stourbridge,  Staffordshire.  I  have  recently  seen 
a  draft  of  the  pedigree  in  the  hands  of  a  member 
of  the  family  in  Liverpool.  B. 

Liverpool. 


434 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


Lines  in  "  Childe  Harold"  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  223.  ; 
Vol.  x.,  p.  314.).  —  Your  correspondent  CERVCS 
does  not  seem  to  be  aware  that  the  reading  of  this 
line  has  been  indisputably  settled.  In  Murray's 
last  reprint  of  the  poem  (12mo.  1854)  it  is  given, — 
"  Thy  waters  wash'd  them  power  while  they  were  free." 
and  the  editor  appends  the  following  note  : 

"  This  line  has  hitherto  been  printed,  — 
'  Thy  waters  wasted  them  while  they  were  free,' 

which  is  not  sense.  Lord  Byron  wrote  to  Mr.  Murray  to 
inquire  what  it  meant.  The  present  reading,  which  is 
extremely  fine,  is  from  the  original  MS." 

W.  S.  B. 

Sett  on  leaving  Church  (Vol.  x.,  p.  332.).  —  The 
inscription  "  Signis  cessandis,"  &c.,  if  it  is  on  a 
bell  at  Weston,  in  Gordano,  is  also  on  the 
"sancte"  bell  of  the  adjoining  parish  of  Clapton, 
in  Gordano,  in  Lombardic  characters.  I  should 
suggest  a  very  different  interpretation  to  that  of 
MR.  ELLACOMBE,  and  should  construe  signis,  signs, 
mysteries ;  and  servis,  servants,  that  is,  "  of  the 
Lord."  C.  E.  W. 

Colonel  Carlos  (Vol.  x.,  p.  344.).  —  Some  years 
ago  a  family  named  Prior,  descended  from  Gregory 
Carlos  of  Portsmouth,  believing  the  family  of 
Carlos  to  be  extinct,  assumed  the  arms  and  crest 
of  that  family. 

On  the  14th  of  February,  1844,  died,  in  his 
seventy- second  year,  the  Rev.  James  Carlos,  of 
Frostenden  Grove,  Suffolk,  formerly  of  Caius 
College,  Cambridge  (B.A.  1794,  M.A.  1797),  and 
for  forty  years  Rector  of  Thorpe  by  Haddiscoe, 
Norfolk.  He  believed  himself  to  be  the  last  de- 
scendant of  Colonel  Carlos,  and  was  only  son  of 
the  Rev.  James  Carlos,  many  years  Rector  of 
Blofield,  Norfolk  (probably  the  same  gentleman 
who  had  been  Fellow  of  Caius  College,  B.A.  1747, 
M.A.  1752). 

On  January  20,  1851,  died  at  York  Place, 
"Walworth,  Edward  John  Carlos,  Esq.,  aged  fifty- 
two.  He  was  only  child  of  William  Carlos,  and 
also  claimed  to  be  descended  from  Colonel  Carlos, 
through  Edward  Carlos  of  Bromhall,  Stafford- 
shire. Mr.  E.  J.  Carlos  left  two  sons  and  two 
daughters,  the  eldest  son  being  nine  years  old. 

The  statement  in  the  Boscobel  Tracts,  that 
Colonel  Carlos  had  no  son,  is  inaccurate,  as  there 
is  a  monument  to  his  son  in  the  chancel  of  Fulham 
church.  (See  Strype's  Stowe,  ii.  App.  73. ;  Faulk- 
ner's History  of  Fulham,  4to.  p.  70.;  Gent.  Mag., 
N.  S.  xxi.  548".  562.,  xxxv.  442.  458. ;  Graduati 
Cantabrigienses,  edit.  1823.)  THOMPSON  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 

"  Rattliit  Roaring  Willie  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  325.).  — 
The  note  appended  to  the  Query  of  W.  is  not 
very  clear.  It  states  that  "  another  version  is 
given  in  Cromek's  Select  Scottish  Songs,  vol.  ii. 


p.  4.,  edit.  1810;  who  states  that  'the  last  stanza 
of  this  song  is  mine,'  &c."  The  reader  would 
naturally  infer  that  Cromek  is  speaking  of  himself, 
and  that  he  was  the  author  of  the  last  stanza  of 
the  above  song.  But  this  sentence  Cromek  has 
transcribed  from  Remarks  on  Scottish  Songs  by 
Burns  himself,  so  that  the  reader  must  understand 
the  poet  himself  to  say,  "  the  last  stanza  of  this 
song  is  mine."  See  "  Strictures  on  Scottish  Songs 
and  Ballads"  in  the  Relics  of  Robert  Burns,  col- 
lected and  published  by  R.  H.  Cromek,  1808. 

F.  C.  H. 

Earthenware  Vessels  found  at  Fountains  Abbey 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  386.).  —  Vessels  of  a  similar  character 
were  discovered  underneath  the  choir  at  St.  Peter's 
Mancroft  Church,  in  Norwich,  three  years  ago. 
One  of  these  is  in  my  possession.  It  is  a  jar  of 
common  reddish  earthenware,  glazed  in  the  inside, 
nine  inches  deep,  and  six  across  the  mouth.  A 
dozen  or  more  of  these  jars  were  found  at  in- 
tervals, in  a  line,  in  the  masonry  under  the  stalls 
of  the  choir,  exactly.in  the  position  in  which  those 
were  at  Fountains  Abbey,  though  it  did  not 
appear  that  the  mouths  of  these  jars  ever  pro- 
truded from  the  wall.  There  was  no  appearance 
that  they  had  ever  contained  anything.  I  could 
not  learn  any  conjectures  of  others  as  to  their  use 
or  intention,  but  from  having  read  of  similar 
vessels  being  found  in  other  churches,  I  think  in 
France,  with  evident  remains  in  them  of  human 
bones  or  ashes,  I  am  of  opinion  that  these  urns 
were  intended  to  receive  the  ashes  of  the  heart, 
or  some  other  portion  of  the  body,  in  case  any  of 
the  canons  attached  to  the  church  should  will  that 
any  part  of  his  remains  should  be  so  deposited. 

F.  C.  H. 

St.  Peters  at  Rome  (Vol.  x.,  p.  386.).  —  In  a 
French  work  by  M.  Le  Roy,  entitled  Histoire  de 
la  Disposition  et  des  Formes  differentes  que  les 
Chretiens  ont  donnees  a  leurs  Temples,  Sfc.,  will  be 
found  a  ground  plan  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome,  and 
another  of  the  original  design  for  it  by  Bramante. 
Also  a  description,  such  as  WM.  EWART  desires, 
of  the  difference  between  the  facade  designed  by 
Michael  Angelo,  and  that  actually  executed.  The 
author  shows  at  the  same  time  that  neither  the 
general  plan  of  this  unrivalled  temple,  nor  the 
idea  of  erecting  the  glorious  dome  on  the  arches 
of  the  naves,  can  be  attributed  to  him,  but  to  the 
original  architect,  forty  years  before  him,  Bra- 
mante D'Urbina.  F.  C.  H. 

Slaughtering  Cattle  in  Towns  (Vol.  x.,  p.  287.). 
—  The  reason  why  Berwick  and  Carlisle  were 
excepted,  no  doubt,  was  because  they  were  both 
border  towns,  continually  exposed  to  the  incur- 
sions of  the  Scotch.  Had  the  inhabitants  been 
obliged  to  slaughter  their  cattle  without  the  walls, 
they  probably  would  have  had  to  fight  for  the 
carcases  with  the  Scottish  reivers.  K. 


NOT.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


435 


Curiosities  of  Bible  Literature  (Vol.  x.,  p.  306.). 

—  The  general  truth  of  the  statement  quoted  _by 
W.  W.  will  be  found  confirmed  by  an  examination 
of  a  good  harmony  of  the  New  Testament  (see 
"  1ST.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  415.),  or  of  the  Disserta- 
tion on  the  Origin  and  Connexion  of  the  Gospels,  by 
James  Smith,  F.Pt.S.  (1853).         T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Recent  Curiosities  of  Literature  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  31.). 

—  I  have  long  felt  some  curiosity  to  know  what 
fault  MB.  CUTHBEKT  BEDE  has  detected  in  the 
lines  : 

"  The  winter  storms  come  rushing  round  the  wall, 
Like  him  who  at  Jerusalem  shriek'd  out '  Wo ! '  " 

The  author  is  of  course  alluding,  not  to  any 
passage  in  the  Scriptures,  but  to  one  in  Josephus' 
Wars  of  the  Jews,  book  vi.  chap.  v.  sect.  3.  The 
story  there  told  of  Jesus  the  husbandman,  son  of 
An  anus,  who,  for  seven  years  and  five  months 
before  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem,  wandered 
through  the  streets,  shrieking  out  by  day  and 
night  —  "  Wo,  wo  to  Jerusalem !"  —  must  be  well 
known  to  all  your  readers.  His  ill-boding  cry 
seems  a  very  fair  subject  for  poetic  allusion ;  and  I 
cannot  see  any  reason  why  the  wailing  of  the 
storm  should  not  be  compared  to  the  wailing  of 
the  human  voice,  or  vice  versa,  either  in  poetry  or 
in  prose.  C.  FORBES. 

Temple. 

Raphael's  Cartoons  (Vol.  x.,  p.  294.). — Your 
correspondent  W.  H.  is  slightly  in  error  as  to  the 
number  of  the  cartoons.  The  original  order  was 
for  ten,  to  be  worked  in  tapestry,  to  decorate  the 
lower  portion  of  the  walls  of  the  Presbytery  in 
the  Sistine  Chapel.  These  were  — 

1.  Death  of  Ananias. 

2.  Christ's  Charge  to  Peter. 

3.  Paul  and  Barnabas  at  Lystra. 

4.  Elymus  struck  blind. 

5.  The  Conversion  of  St.  Paul.     [This  cartoon 
is  lost ;  but  the  design  has  been  engraved  from 
the  tapestry.] 

6.  St.  Paul  preaching  at  Athens. 

7.  The  Stoning  of  St.  Stephen.     [This  cartoon 
is  lost;  but  the  subject,  like  No.  5.,  has  been  en- 
graved from  the  tapestry.] 

8.  The  Miraculous  Draught  of  Fishes. 

9.  Peter  and  John  at  the  Beautiful  Gate. 

10.  Paul  and  Silas  in  Prison.     [The  width  of 
this  cartoon  was  only  4i  feet.     It  is  now  lost.] 

To  these  was  afterwards  added  an  eleventh 
cartoon  (now  I  believe  lost)  for  a  tapestry  to 
adorn  the  altar.  The  subject  was  the  coronation 
of  the  Virgin,  with  the  representation  of  the  Holy 
Trinity.  Your  correspondent  will  find  farther 
particulars  in  the  second  volume  of  Dr.  Waagen's 
Treasures  of  Art  in  Great  Britain,  a  work  which 
I  have  not  now  at  hand.  W.  H.  G.  P. 


Storm  in  Devon  in  1638  (Vol.  x.,  p.  128.).  — 
In  Lysons'-  Magna  Britannia,  DEVONSHIRE,  p.  557., 
is  given  an  account  of  this  storm ;  and  a  curious 
record  of  it  in  verse,  written  by  a  person  present, 
and  still  preserved  in  the  parish  church  of  Widde- 
combe.  Lysons  mentions  that  the  tract — A  True 
Relation,  $-c. — is  reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Mis- 
cellany. W.  C.  TREVELYAN. 

St.  Barnabas  as  a  Church  Dedication  (Vol.  x., 
p.  289.). — There  are  three  ante-Reformation  dedi- 
cations to  this  Saint,  viz.  Mayland  in  Essex ; 
Great  Tey,  Essex;  and  Brampton  Bryan  in 
Shropshire.  In  London  there  are  three,  but  all 
modern  :  at  Kensington,  Pimlico,  and  the  district 
of  St.  Luke's.  I  was  not  aware  there  was  one  at 
Clapham,  as  mentioned  by  your  correspondent 
MR.  ACWORTH.  NORRIS  DECK.. 

Cambridge. 

"  Chare"  or  "  Char"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  351.). —Dan. 
Kjter,  low  marshy  land.  The  gutturals  of  these 
Norse  words  are  commonly  softened  in  East  An- 
glia,  retaining  their  original  sound  in  the  north. 
Ex.  carr,  char ;  keel,  chill ;  hist,  chest.  Apropos  : 

"  Some  ran  to  cupboard,  and  some  ran  to  kist, 
But  nought  was  away  that  could  be  mist." 

One  or  two  who  have  quoted  this  couplet  from 
the  Monastery  have,  with  a  laudable  desire  for 
correctness,  written  the  last  word  missed;  thereby 
making  nonsense  of  the  passage,  and  (unless  the 
couplet  be  a  Surtees)  conferring  a  respectable 
antiquity  on  a  bit  of  modern  slang.  Mist  is  the 
p. -part,  of  "  to  mist"  (Dan.  mistc,  to  lose),  an  old 
word  still  used  north  of  the  Humber.  In  Harold 
the  Dauntless  : 

"  The  Prior  of  Jorvaulx  next  morning  hath  mist, 
His  mantle,"  &c. 

To  miss  (a  mark,  for  instance)  may  no  doubt 
claim  kindred  with  this  word  ;  but  I  doubt  whether 
our  grandfathers  missed  a  friend  or  a  spoon.  And 
"  at  miste  livet"  could  scarcely  be  rendered  "  to 
miss  one's  life."  Has  this  been  noticed  before  ?  F. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Gifted  with  a  retentive  memory,  which  has  been  en- 
riched by  extensive  and  varied  reading,  a  keen  sense  of 
the  humorous,  and  a  happy  knack  of  telling  a  story  in 
print,  Dr.  Doran  was  the  very  man  to  write  Table  Traits, 
with  Something  on  them ;  and  it  is  little  wonder  that  such 
a  chatty  gossiping  book,  wliich  contains  stories  enough  to 
make  the  fortune  of  a  regular  diner-out,  should  have 
reached  a  second  edition.  But  Dr.  Doran  is  a  bold  man. 
Xot  satisfied  with  having  once  risked,  and  .happily  es- 
caped, the  fate  of  Denon,  who  after  his  return  from  Egypt 
used  to  be  knocked  up  at  night  by  demands  from  anxious 
hearers  that  he  should  tell  them  some  of  his  good  stories, 
Dr.  Dorau  has  come  forward  a  second  time,  and  dis- 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  265. 


coursing  now,  not  of  the  comforts  of  the  inner,  but  of 
those  of  the  outward  man,  has  in  his  Habits  and  Men, 
with  Remnants  of  Record  touching  the  Makers  of  both,  given 
us  a  volume  which  answers  exactly  to  what  Horace  Wai- 
pole  so  happily  defined  as  "  lounging  books."  For  from 
its  arrangement  it  will  admit  of  being  taken  up  at  any 
time,  and  opened  at  any  place,  with  a  certainty  of  finding 
it  a  pleasant  companion.  Had  Dr.  Doran  only  given  his 
authorities  and  an  index,  we  should  have  looked  upon  it 
as  our  Handbook  on  all  Queries  touching  the  habits  of 
men  which  we  are  destined  to  receive  from  this  day  for- 
ward. 

The  Rev.  John  Booker,  B.A.,  acting  on  the  suggestion 
thrown  out  by  White  in  his  Selborne,  that  if  stationary 
men  would  publish  what  they  know  of  their  own  neigh- 
bourhoods, they  would  furnish  the  best  materials  for 
county  histories,  has  chosen  the  scene  of  his  earliest 
ministrations  for  such  an  object;  and  has  given  us,  in  a 
History  of  the  Ancient  Cliapel  of  Blackley  in  Manchester 
Parish,  a  very  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of 
Manchester,  ecclesiastical  as  well  as  civil.  To  show  how 
many  curious  materials  Mr.  Booker  has  hung  upon  the 
peg  which  he  has  chosen,  we  will  give  the  remainder  of 
his  title-page,  which  tells  us  that  the  work  includes — 
Sketches  of  the  Townships  of  Blackley,  Harpurhey,  Mos- 
ton,  and  Crumpsall,  together  with  Notices  of  the  more 
Ancient  Local  Families,  and  Particulars  relating  to  the 
Descent  of  their  Estates. 

A  copy  of  David  Lindsey's  Godly  Man's  Journey  to 
Heaven,  octavo,  1625,  a  book  which  has  lately  received 
some  attention  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  sold  last  Saturday,  at 
Messrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson's  auction,  for  51.  2s.  6d. 
Our  advertising  columns  contain  an  announcement  by  the 
same  auctioneers  of  the  forthcoming  sale  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Crofton  Croker's  library  and  collection  of  antiquities. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Burke' 's  Works,  Vol.  I.  of  Bohn's 
British  Classics'  edition,  containing  the  Vindication  of 
Natural  Society,  the  Essay  on  the  Sublime  and  Beautiful, 
and  Political  Miscellanies  — Locke's  Works.  Philoso- 
phical Works,  Vol.  II. ;  with  a  Preliminary  Essay  and 
Notes,  by  J.  A.  St.  John,  is  the  new  issue  of  the  same 
publisher's  Standard  Library. — Remains  of  Pagan  Saxon- 
dom,  principally  from  Tumuli  in  England,  by  J.  Y.  Aker- 
man,  Parts  XI.  and  XII.  In  these  Numbers, — which  are 
illustrated  with  engravings  of  beads  found  in  Lincolnshire, 
Gloucestershire,  and  Wiltshire ;  an  urn  and  its  contents 
found  at  Eye,  Suffolk;  war  axes;  and  sword-hilt  from 
Graves  in  East  Kent,  —  the  antiquary  will  find  some  inte- 
resting remarks  by  Mr.  Akerman  on  the  fact  of  the  spear, 
and  not  the  sword,  being  the  weapon  of  the  Anglo-Saxons. 


EcKHFL'sDocTRiNA  XUMORUM VETERUM,  Vols.  VII.  and  VIII., together 
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FARLATI  (DAN.),  ILLYBICI-M  SACRUM.  Venetiis,  1751—1819.  8  Vol*. 
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to 

BOOK  FOUND.  '  The  Editor  having  picked  up  at  a  book-stall  the  2nd  vol. 
(.half-bound)  of  Aikin's  Translation  of  D'Alembert's  Eulogies,  with  nu- 
merous Jf.S'.  .Votes  apparently  very  recently  written,  will  be  very  happy 
to  restore  it  to  the  gentleman  from  whose  library  it  has  strayed. 

J 
B* 

must  now  be  numbered  among  our  Household  Words. 

A.  B.  K.  Tes.  We  could  not  give  the  proposed  copy  of  the  hand- 
writing. 

W.  G.     The  passage  — 

"  where  ignorance  is  bliss 
'Tis  folly  to  be  wise,"— 
is  from  Gray's  Ode  on  Eton  College. 

C.  S.  We  have  a  letter  for  this  Correspondent.  How  shall  it  be  for- 
warded? 

GEO.  SAYI.E.     Your  long  extract  has  been  forwarded  to  BCRIENSIS. 

C.M.  G.  (Market  Bosworth).  How  shall  we  forward  a  letter  to  thit 
Correspondent  ? 

T.  S.  A ..  who  asks  when  swords  ceased  to  be  worn  in  public,  is  referred 
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ran's  Habits  and  Men,  noticed  by  us  to-day. 


ERRATA.  — Vol.  x.,  p.  110.  1.  3.  of  the  extract  from  Montgomery1! 
Christian  Poet  (not  Christian  Poets,  as  there  printed),  for  "  general 
ideas,"  read  "  germinal  ideas;"  p.  411.  col.  2. 1.  5.,  read  "  Wherever  it 
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ber. laM,  and  may  be  had  Gratis  of  MR.  D. 
NUTT,  270.  Strand.  If  by  Post,  Six  Stamps 
required. 

This  Collection  comprises  5123  lots,  classed 
according  to  the  country,  rank,  and  position  of 
the  writers,  and  is  worthy  the  attention  of 
Amateurs. 


A    CATALOGUE  OF  BOOKS, 

.TV  comnrising  the  celebrated  Library  of 
PROF.  IIEYSE,  of  Berlin,  which  will  be  sold 
by  Auction  on  the  5th  December,  nt  Berlin. 
Can  be  had  Gratis  of  MR.  D.  NUTT,  270. 
Strand.  If  by  Post,  Six  Stamps  required. 

The  Catalogue  contains  1644  lots  of  exceed- 
ingly choice  and  rare  Books,  consisting  chiefly 
of  OLD  GERMAN  LITERATURE,  and  of 
Works  printed  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 
centuries. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefleld  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  s  and  published  by  GKORUX  BULL,  of  No.  l»fi.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.-  Saturday,  November  25.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOB 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 


"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  266.] 


SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  2.  1854. 


{Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition,  £rf. 


CONTENTS. 


NOTES  :  — 


Page 


Nicholas  Upton,  the  Father  of  Heraldic 
Literature,  by  T.  Huzhes  -  -  437 

Original  English  Royal  Letters  to  the 
Grand  Masters  of  Malta,  by  William 
Winthrop-  -  -  -  -  437 

Occasional  Forms  of  Prayer,  by  Rev.  T. 
Lathbury  -  -  -  -  -  439 

Words  and  Phrases  common  at  Polperro, 
but  not  usual  elsewhere  -  -  440 

Masterpieces  of  the  early  English 
Dramatists  -  -  -  -  441 

Grandison  Peerage  -          -          -    442 

MINOR  NOTES  :  _  Funeral  Parade  in  1  733 
—Cheap  Postage  —  Forester's  "Orde- 
ricus  Vitalis  "  —  George  Whitefleld  — 
Tclcfrraphingthrouorh  Water  not  a  re- 
cent Discovery  —  The  oldest  Church 
in  America  ....  442 

QUERIES  :  _ 

Shakspeare  Autograph,  by  J.  W.  Fisher  443 
Medallic  Queries  -  -  -  -  444 

MINOR  QUKRIHS  :  —  Coverdale's  Bible  — 
Sebastopol,  or  Sevastopol—  Castle  re- 
Bembling  Colzean  Castle  —  Dr.  John 
Dee  —  Booksellers'  Stocks  burned  — 
Molines  of  Stoke-Poges—First  Literary 
Newspaper  in  Dublin  —  Sir  Henry 
Johnes  —  Pasigraphy  _  "  Star  of  the 
twilight  prey  "  —  Printers'  Marks  — 
Handel's  Wedding  Anthem—  Spanish 
Epigram  —The  Boyle  Lectures  -  444 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWKRS  :  —  Spa- 
nish Reformation—  Barrinzton's"  His- 
toric Anecdotes  "  —  "Miss  Bayley's 
Ghost,"  Latin  Translation  -  Busbe- 
quius'  "  Kpistles  "  —  Hinchliffe,  Bishop 
of  Peterborough  —  Richard  Lovelace 

—  Hazlitt's  Essay  on  Will-making  — 
"  Lives  of  Alchymistical  Philosophers" 

—  "  Ex  quovis  ligno  nou  lit  Mercurius  " 

—  Mummy          -  446 

P.  E  PLIES:  — 

Aonio  Paleario  -  447 
"Robinson  Crusoe,"  by  A.  W.  Davis, 

M.D..&C.  .....  448 

The  Divining  Rod,  by  William  Bates  -  419 
Biographical  Dictionary  of  Living  Au- 

thors .....  451 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  Cor.RrspoxDF.xcr  :  —  Col- 
lodionized  Glass  Plates  ill  a  Sensitive 
ondition  -  -  -  -    452 


lodi 
Con 

REPLIES  TO  Mixon  QOERIFS  :  —  Dryden 
and  Adrtison—  Major  Andrt'  —Thomas 
Fuller,  D.D.  -  The  Poor  Voter's  Song 

—  "  The  Perverse  Widow  "  —  Pensions 
to  Men  of  Science  and  Literature  — 
The  Sultan  of  the  Crimea  —  Keble's 
"Christian     Year  "  —  Aristotle  — 
"  IMI  ught       and   "  Naught  "  _  "  Cur 
monatur  homo  "—Shakspeare  Queries 

—  "Rather" 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.          ...    455 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  TVunted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Multaj  terricolis  lingua;,  coelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LTJ  AND   SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
Free  by  Post.    It  contains  Lists  of 

3uarto  Family  Bibles ;  Ancient 
nglish  Translations ;  Manuscript- 
notps  Bible? ;  Polyglot  Bibles  in  every  variety 
of  Size  and  Combination  of  Language  ;  Pa- 
rallel-passages Bibles ;  Greek  Critical  and 
other  Testaments  j  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  and  many 
other  Languages,  in  great  variety  ;  Aids  to  the 
Study  of  the  Old  Testament  and  of  the  New 
Testament, ;  and  Miscellaneous  Biblical  and 
other  Works.  By  Post  Free. 

London  :  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS, 
15.  Paternoster  Row. 

Ho>.Xai  fj.lv  5-njTO/f  TXarrai,  f*J»  3' 


THE  LIVERPOOL  JOURNAL 
AND  SUPPLEMENT, 
CONTAINING  TWELVE  PAGES.Pric 


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VOL.  X — No.  266. 


This  Day  is  published,  price  3s.  Gd.,  Part  XVI. 
of  the 

^TOPOGRAPHER     AND     GE- 

L     NEALOGIST,  edited  by  JOHN  GOUGH 
NICHOLS,  F.S.A.,  LOND.  and  NEWC. 


n>7.)  _  statistical  Account  ot  tne  uiocese  ot 
CloyiK-.  compiled  in  the  year  1774,  by  the  Rev. 
Jumf-i  Hlnjrtton— Extracts  from  the  Parish 
Kcvistc's  ot  Hornby,  co.  York  —  Extracts  from 
the  Parish  Registers  of  Milton  Lislebon,  near 
Pcwscy,  co.  Wilts  —  Pedigrees  ot  Parr  of  Ken- 
dul,  of  P:vrr  and  Kempnall,  co.  Lancaster, 
Baekford,  co.  Chester,  and  other  Collateral 
Branches  — Pedigrees  of  several  Families  of 
Bisliop,  of  Devonshire,  Dorsetshire,  London, 
Norf.lk,  Lincolnshire,  Warwickshire,  York- 
shire, Kent,  and  Sussex —  Testimony  to  the 
Exemption  of  Skiddy's  Lands,  near  Cork,  from 
the  impositions  of  Coyne  and  Livery,  &c., given 
in  tlie  37  Hen.  VIII.  — Memoranda  in  He- 
raldry :  from  the  MSS.of  Peter  Le  Neve, some- 
time Norroy  King  of  Arms  (continued). 

J.  B.  NICHOLS  &  SONS,  25.  Parliament 
Street. 


THE  SECOND  SERIES  OF 

THE     ROMANCE     OF    THE 
FORUM ;   or,  Narratives,   Scenes,   and 
Anecdotes  from  Courts  of  Justice,  by  PETER 
BURKE,  ESQ.,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Bar- 
rister-at-Law,  Two  Vols.,  21s.,  is  now  ready. 

HURST  &  BLACKETT,  Publishers  (Suc- 
cessors to  HENRY  COLBURN),  13.  Great 
Marlboroush  Street. 


This  Day,  price  1*.,  post  free  Is.  6d., 

THE  WAR   ALMANAC   FOR 
1855,    and    Naval    and   Military    Year 
Book,  contains  Memoirs  of  General  and  Flag 
Officers  —  a  complete  Chronology  of  the  War 

—  the  Baltic  and  Black  Sea  Fleets-  Stations 
of  Her  Majesty's  Ships— Distribution  of  the 
Army  and  Militia  —  Lord  Raglan's  Dispatches 

—  Casualties  in  the  Crimea  —  Obituary,  &c.  &c. 
With  Fourteen  Engravings. 

London  :  H.  G.  CLARKE  &  CO.,  252.  Strand, 
and  sold  everywhere. 


Just  published, 

TySCUSSION       ON      SECU- 

1.J  LARISM,  between  REV.  SHE  WIN 
GRANT,  B.A.,  and  MR.  G.  J.  HOLYOAKE, 
in  the  City  Hall,  Glasgow.  In  Three  Parts, 
price  6d.  each  :  Complete,  Is.  4d.,  in  stiff  cover  ; 
Complete,  bound  in  cloth,  fine  paper,  2s. 

Glasgow :  ROBERT  STARK,  33.  Glassford 
Street.  London:  WARD  &  CO.,  Pater- 
noster Row. 


CHRONOLOGICAL      INSTI- 

\J  TUTE  OF  LONDON,  ANGLO-BI- 
BTJCAT,  INSTITUTE,  AND  PALESTINE 
ARCHAEOLOGICAL  ASS(  >CIATION.  _ 
These  three  Societies  having  resumed  the  oc- 
cupation of  chambers  at  22.  Hart  Street, 
Bloomshury  Square,  London,  it  is  requested 
that  all  communications  to  their  respective- 
Officers  may  be  addressed  thither.  The  Anglo 
Biblical  Institute  will  open  its  session  for 
1854-5,  on  Tuesday.  5th  December ;  and  the 
Annual  Meeting  of  the  Chronological  Institute 
will  be  holden  on  Thursday,  21st  December, 
each  at  7  p.  in.  Printed  Papers  may  be  had  of 
MR.  J.  R.  SMITH,  Publisher,  3ii.  Soho  Square. 


Just  published,  cloth  boards,  2s. 
POLITICAL     SKETCHES: 

Twelve  Chapters  on  tlie  STRUGGLES 
OF  THE  AGE.  By  DR.  CARL  RETSLAG, 
Doctor  of  Philosophy  of  Berlin,  late  Professor 
of  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Rostock. 

London  :  ROBERT  THEOBALD, 

26.  Paternoster  Row. 


THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 

L     RILLES,    composed   for  'the    PIANO- 
FORTE Dy  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 

London  :   Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSD.ALE.  26.  Old  Bond 
Street ;  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 
PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

T\U     BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

\J     REVALENTA     ARABICA     FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  tdyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headaches,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceache,  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  cough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  iits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
pood  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1854.  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  lor  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Kevalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  0/50,000  Cures : 

Cure  No.  52.422  :  —  "  I  have  suffered  these 
thirty-three  years  continually  from  diseased 
lungs,  spitting  of  blood,  liver  derangement, 
deafness,  singing  in  the  ears,  constipation, 
debility,  shortness  of  breath  and  cough  :  and 
during  that  period  taken  so  much  medicine, 
that  I  can  safely  say  I  have  laid  out  upwards 
of  a  thousand  pounds  with  the  chemists  and 
doctors.  I  have  actually  worn  out  two  medical 
men  during  my  ailments,  without  finding  any 
improvement  in  my  health.  Indeed  I  was  in 
utter  despair,  and  never  expected  to  get  over 
it,  when  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  become 
acquainted  with  your  Revalenta  Arabica  ; 
which,  Heaven  be  praised,  restored  me  to  a 
state  of  health  which  I  long  since  despaired  of 
attaining.  My  lungs,  liver,  stomach,  head, 
and  ears,  are  all  right,  my  hearing  perfect,  and 
my  recovery  is  a  marvel  to  all  my  acquaint- 
ances. I  am,  respectfully, 

"  Bridgehouse,  Frimley ,  April  3, 1854." 
No.  42,130.  Major-General  King,  cure  of  ge- 
neral debility  and  nervousness.  No.  32,110. 
Captain  Parker  D.  Bingham,  R.N.,  who  was 
cured  of  twenty-seven  years'  dyspepsia  in  six 
•weeks'  time.  Cure  No.  28,416.  William  Hunt, 
Esq..  Barrister-at-Law,  sixty  years'  partial  pa- 
ralysis. No.  32,  814.  Captain  Allen,  recording 
the  cure  of  a  lady  from  epileptic  fits.  No.  26,419. 
The  Rev.  Charles  Kerr.  a  cure  of  functional 
disorders.  No.  24,814.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Min- 
ster, cure  of  five  years' nervousness,  with  spasms 
Rnd  daily  vo:r.itiugs.  No.  41,617.  Dr.  James 
Shorland.  late  surgeon  in  the  96th  Regiment, 
a  cure  of  dropsy. 

No.  52,418.  Dr.  Gries,  Magdeburg,  record- 
ing the  cure  of  his  wife  from  pulmonary  con- 
sumption, with  night  sweats  and  ulcerated 
lungs,  which  had  resisted  all  medicines,  and 
appeared  a  hopeless  case.  No.  52,421.  Dr.  Gat- 
tiker,  Zurich  ;  cure  of  cancer  of  the  stomach 
and  fearfully  distressing  vomitings,  habitual 
flatulency,  and  colic.  All  the  above  panics 
will  be  happy  to  answer  any  inquiries. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, anil  with  full  instructions  —  lib.,  2s. 
9d. ;  21b..  Is.  Brf.  ;  .lib.,  lls. ;  121b.,22s.  ;  super- 
reflned,  lib..  6s.  ;  21b..lls.  ;  5lb.,  22s.  ;  lOlb., 
Stt.  The  lOlb.  and  lilb.  carriage  free,  on  post- 
office  order.  Barry,  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77- 
Regent  Street,  London ;  Fortnum,  Mason,  & 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
also  at  (V\  GvBceeluirch  Street ;  330.  Strand  ;  of 
Barclay,  Edw.irds,  Stilton,  Sanger,  Hannay, 
New  berry,  ..ml  may  be  ordered  through  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers,  Grocers,  and  Chemists. 


IYER.  MURRAY'S 


November,  1854. 


LIST   OF   FORTHCOMING  WORKS. 

THE   ENGLISHWOMAN   IN    RUSSIA;    or,    The  Eussians    at 

Home.    Described  by  A  LADY  Ten  Years  resident  there  and  domesticated  in  a  family  of  high 
rank.    Woodcuts.    Post  8vo. 

II. 

HISTOEICAL     MEMORIALS     OF     CANTERBURY.       THE 

LANDING  OF  AUGUSTINE  —  THE  MURDER  OF  BECKET  — BECKET'S  SHRINE  — 
THE  BLACK  PRINCE.    By  REV.  A.  P.  STANLEY.    Woodcuts.    8vo. 

III. 

HANDBOOK  FOR  YOUNG  PAINTERS.      By  C.  R.  LESLIE, 

R.  A.    Illustrations.    Post  8vo. 

IV. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  ENGLISH  POOR  LAW :  in  connection  with 

the  Condition  of  the  People.    By  SIR  GEORGE  NICHOLLS.    2  Vols.    8vo. 

V. 

A  SCHOOL  HISTORY  OF  ROME.     By  HENRY  G.  LIDDELL, 

M.  A.,  Head  Master  of  Westminster  School.    Woodcuts.    16mo. 

VI. 

POLYNESIAN  MYTHOLOGY,  and  ANCIENT  TRADITIONAL 

HISTORY  OF  THE  NEW  ZEALAND  RACE.    By  SIR  GEORGE  GREY,  late  Governor  of 
New  Zealand.    Woodcuts.    Post  8vo. 

VII. 

THE  ART  OF  TRAVEL  ;  or,  SHIFTS  AND  CONTRIVANCES 

available  in  WILD  COUNTRIES.    By  FRANCIS  GALTON.    Woodcuts.    Post  8vo. 

VIII. 

BIOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY-  OF  ITALIAN  PAINTEES. 

Edited  by  R.  N.  WORNUM.    Post  8vo. 

IX. 

LETTERS  ON  TURKEY.  Describing  the  Empire  and  its  In- 
habitants—the MOSLEMS,  GREEKS,  ARMENIANS,  &c.  By  M.  A.  UBICINI.  2  Vols. 
Post  8vo. 

X. 

THE  MONASTERY  AND  THE  MOUNTAIN  CHURCH.  By 

the  Author  of  "  Sunlight  through  the  Mist."    Woodcuts.    16mo. 

XI. 

HANDBOOK  FOR  TRAVELLERS  IN  SPAIN.     By  RICHARD 

FORD.    Third  Edition,  entirely  revised.    Map.    2  Vols.    Post  8vo. 

xn. 
JOHNSON'S  LIVES  OF  THE  ENGLISH  POETS.     Edited,  with 

Notes,  by  PETER  CUNNINGHAM,  F.S.A.    Third  and  concluding  Volume.    8vo. 

XIII. 

KNOWLEDGE  IS  POWER  :  a  View  of  the  Productive  Forces  of 

Modem  Society,  and  the  Results  of  Labour,  Capital,  and  Skill.    By  CHARLES  KNIGHT. 
Woodcuts.    Fcap.  8vo. 

A  TREATISE  ON  GUNNERY,  'fiy  SIR  HOWARD  DOUGLAS. 

Fourth,  and  entirely  revised  Edition.    Woodcuts.    8vo. 

XV. 

NOTES  FROM  LIFE.     By  HENRY  TAYLOE.     Fourth  Edition. 

Fcap.  8vo.    ("  MURRAY'S  RAILWAY  READING.") 

XVT. 

THE    OFFICIAL     HANDBOOK  ;     being    An    HISTORICAL 

ACCOUNT  of  the  DUTIES  and  POWERS  of  the  PRINCIPAL  AUTHORITIES  of  the 
UNITED  KINGDOM.    An  entirely  New  and  revised  Edition.    Post  8vo. 

xvn. 
ATHENS  AND  ATTICA;    NOTES  OF  A  TOUR.     By  REV. 

C.  WORDSWORTH,  D.D.    Third  Edition.    Woodcuts.    Crown  8vo. 

XVIII. 

LORD  HERVEY'S  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  GEORGE  II. 

Edited  by  MR.  CROKER.    New  Edition.    Portrr.it.    2  Vols.    8vo. 

XIX. 

HISTORY     OF    SPANISH     LITERATURE.       By    GEORGE 

TICKNOR.    New  Edition.    3  Vols.    8vo. 

XX. 

THE  LION  HUNTER  IN  SOUTH  AFRICA.     By  R.  GORDON 

CUMMING.    Fourth  Edition.    Woodcuts.    2  Vols.    Post  8vo. 

XXI. 

HUNGARY  AND  TRANSYLVANIA.     Their  Social,   Political, 

and  Economical  Condition.    By  JOHN  PAGET.    Third  Edition.    Woodcuts.    2  Vols.    8vo. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


437 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  2,  1854. 


NICHOLAS    UPTON,    THE   FATHER    OF    HERALDIC 
LITERATURE. 

There  are  few  lovers  of  heraldic  pursuits  who 
have  not  frequently  heard  of  Dr.  Nicholas  Upton, 
the  first  English  writer  of  any  note  upon  this  ap- 
parently dry,  but  in  reality  most  interesting,  study. 
He  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  native  of  Devon- 
shire, and  to  have  been  a  younger  son  of  Upton  of 
Puslinch,  in  that  county,  a  cadet  of  the  still  older 
family  of  Upton  of  Trelaske,  county  Cornwall. 
Be  that  as  it  may,  — and  it  is  certainly,  so  far,  an 
open  question  what  county  may  claim  the  honour 
of  his  birth,  —  our  author  became  early  in  life  a 
companion  in  arms  of  Thomas  de  Montacute,  Earl 
of  Salisbury,  and  served  with  that  nobleman  in 
the  French  wars,  though  whether  in  a  military  or 
clerical  capacity  is  not  now  clearly  definable. 
Certain  it  is  he  was  honoured  with  the  patronage 
and  friendship  of  Humphrey  Plantagenet,  "  the 
good  "  Duke  of  Gloucester,  to  whom  he  dedicated 
his  Tractatus  de  Armis,  et  Libellus  de  Officio  Mi- 
litary a  work  written  during  his  campaign  with 
the  army  in  France. 

In  the  dedication,  which,  together  with  the  re- 
mainder of  the  work,  is  in  Latin,  he  apostrophises 
his  patron  as  "  that  excellent  prince,  my  singular 
and  illustrious  Lord  Humphrey,  the  son,  brother, 
and  uncle  of  a  king,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  and  Great  Chamberlain  of  England." 
By  Duke  Humphrey's  influence  Upton  was,  'on 
his  return  from  the  wars,  made  Canon  of  Salisbury, 
Wells,  and  St.  Paul's,  and  would  probably  have 
attained  to  still  higher  dignities,  had  not  his 
patron's  death  inopportunely  occurred  to  prevent 
his  farther  rise.  Mr.  Lower,  in  his  Curiosities  of 
Heraldry,  pronounces  the  latinity  of  Upton  to  be 
"  very  classical  and  pure  for  the  age  in  which  he 
lived,"  and  that  his  treatise  "  forms  altogether  a 
systematic  grammar  of  heraldry."  It  was  printed 
in  1654  by  Sir  Edward  Bysshe,  Garter,  and  is 
now,  I  believe,  somewhat  scarce.  Mr.  Lower 
mentions  MS.  copies  of  the  work  as  existing  in 
the  College  of  Arms  and  elsewhere.  I  myself 
possess  one  of  these  MS.  copies,  made  by  Baddes- 
worth  in  1458,  in  beautiful  condition,  and  in  the 
original  binding,  with  all  the  arms  neatly  executed 
in  trick.  On  the  fly-leaf  is  the  following  auto- 
graph note : 

"  Liber  mei  Robti  Treswell  Somersettivus  hcraldus  ad 
arma  Serenissimag  Reginte  Elisabeth,  et  quern  mihi  dedit 
Mr.  Hals  generosus  primo  die  A  prills,  anno  Incaruat. 
Christ.  1598." 

Below,  in  a  much  later  hand,  apparently  of  the 
last  century,  I  find  the  autograph  of  "  Robert 
Walker." 


I  shall  be  pleased  if  this  rambling  Note  proves 
the  means  of  eliciting  where  the  other  MS.  copies 
of  this  work,  if  more  there  be,  are  at  present  lo- 
cated. My  copy  is  certainly  coeval  with  the 
author  himself,  and  may  possibly  have  been  tran- 
scribed under  his  own  immediate  sanction  and 
superintendence.  T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

'[In  the  Harleian  MS.  3504.  will  be  found  the  follow- 
ing :  "  1.  Tractatus  de  armis  Nic.  Upton,  &c.,  in  4  books, 
extending  to  198  leaves.  Liber  1.  De  coloribus  in  armis 
depictis,  et  eorum  nobilitate  et  differentia.  2.  De  regulis 
in  signis  et  armis  depictis.  3.  De  animalibus  et  avibus 
in  armis  portatis,  et  eorum  proprietatibus.  4.  De  vete- 
ranis  quos  modo  Haraldos  appellarnus."  In  the  Cottonian 
MS.  Nero,  C.  III. :  "  Nicolaus  Upton,  ecclesiar.  cathed. 
Sarum  et  Wellensis  canonicus,  de  armis  et  pertinentibus 
ad  officium  militare ;  quatuor  libris,  viz.  (in  pergamena), 
(a.)  De  officio  militari.  (6.)  De  bello  justo,  et  ejus  spe- 
ciebus.  (c.)  De  coloribus  in  armis  depictis,  et  eorum 
nobilitate  ac  differentia.  (<f.)  De  diversis  signis  in  armis 
depictis."] 


ORIGINAL    ENGLISH    ROYAL  LETTERS  TO  THE  GRAND 
MASTERS    OF    MALTA. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  ix.,  p.  445.) 
,No.  XVIII. 

James  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 

Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender 

of  the  Faith. 

To  the  most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince, 
the  Lord  Eugenius  Caraffa,  Grand  Master  of  the 
Order  of  Malta,  our  well-beloved  cousin  and 
friend  —  Greeting : 

Most  illustrious,  most  high  Prince,  our  well- 
beloved  cousin  and  friend. 

As  the  letter  of  your  highness,  expressive  of 
your  highness'  grief  at  the  decease  of  our  much- 
beloved  brother  of  happy  memory,  is  an  undoubted 
proof  of  that  friendship  with  which  your  highness 
honoured  him  while  living,  so  your  second  letter, 
in  which  your  highness  congratulates  us  on  our 
succession  to  his  crown  and  kingdoms,  is  abun- 
dant testimony  of  your  highness'  respect  and 
affection  towards  us.  We  also  on  our  part  are 
desirous  that  your  highness  should  rest  persuaded 
that  we  shall  willingly  embrace  every  opportunity 
to  evince  in  every  possible  manner  in  how  great 
esteem  we  hold  your  highness'  person,  and  how 
dear  to  us  are  all  the  interests  of  the  military 
Order  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  on  account  of  its 
high  merits,  and  the  valiant  deeds  it  has  performed 
for  the  benefit  of  the  world,  and  the  Christian 
faith.* 


*  Whether  Gerard,  in  selecting  his  patron, saint,  had 
reference  to  St.  John  the  Baptist,  St.  John  the  Evangelist, 
or  to  a  pious  inhabitant  of  Cyprus,  surnamed  the  Almoner, 
who  was  canonised  for  his  innny  Christian  deeds,  is  now 
a  matter  of  doubt.  Hallam  has  stated  that  it  ^vas  the 
Cyprist  saint,  and  when  we  trace  the  similarity  of  cha- 


438 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


It  remains  for  us  heartily  to  recommend  your 
highness  to  the  Most  High  and  Most  Good  God. 

Given  from  our  castle  of  Windsor  on  the  24th 
day  of  the  month  of  August,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  1685,  and  of  our  reign  the  first. 

Your  Highness'  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

JAMES  REX. 

To  the  Grand  Master  of 
the  Order  of  Malta, 
the  Earl  of  Sunderland. 

Early  in  March,  1680,  Nicholas  Cotoner,  to 
whom  so  many  of  the  previous  royal  letters  had 
been  sent  by  Charles  II.,  being  seized  with  a  fatal 
disease,  and  informed  by  his  confessor  that  he 
could  not  live,  called  his  councillors  around  him, 
and  begged,  as  his  last  earthly  request,  that  his 
friend  Don  Orlando  Seralto,  the  Grand  Prior  of 
Catalonia,  might  be  chosen  as  his  successor. 
Though  many  of  the  electors  were  disposed  to 
gratify  their  prince  in  this  his  dying  wish,  yet  the 
Italians  in  a  body  objected,  saying  that  for  the 
long  period  of  128  years  no  countryman  of  theirs 
had  governed  the  Order ;  and  though  they  had 
no  personal  objection  to  Seralto,  yet  they  in- 
tended to  name  one  of  their  own  language  to  fill 
the  vacancy,  should  the  Almighty  afflict  them  by 
his  removal. 

On  the  29th  of  April,  the  Grand  Master 
breathed  his  last,  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his 
age,  and  seventeenth  of  his  reign.  A  beautiful 
tomb  bearing  a  Latin  inscription  now  remains  in 
the  Arragonian  Chapel  of  St.  John's  Church,  op- 
posite to  that  of  his  brother's  and  predecessor's  in 
princely  rule,  which  marks  the  site  of  his  burial. 
Early  in  May,  1680,  and  after  various  ballotings, 
Gregory  Carafa,  a  Neapolitan  (not  Eugenius,  as 
stated  in  the  above  letter  of  James  II.),  with  a 
bare  plurality  of  votes,  came  to  the  vacant  throne. 
In  1687  the  Maltese  knights  so  much  distinguished 
themselves  at  the  reduction  of  Castel  Novo,  which 
gave  to  the  Venetians  the  command  of  the 
Adriatic,  that  the  Roman  pontiff,  Innocent  XL, 
addressed  a  letter  to  the  Grand  Master,  in  which 
he  cordially  congratulated  him  on  the  gallantry  of 
his  subjects,  and  expressed  a  hope  that  those  who 
had  perished  on  this  occasion  were  enjoying  an 
immortality  in  heaven,  which  it  was  the  duty  of 
all  who  were  spared,  as  champions  of  the  Cross,  to 
strive  to  attain. 

In  1689  the  allied  commanders  of  the  Venetian, 
Roman,  and  Maltese  squadrons  sailed  again  for 
the  Morea,  and  being  encouraged  by  their  great 

racter  in  this  person  with  the  profession  of  the  monks, 
we  are  disposed  to  think  him  correct.  Mills  has  written, 
"  that  when  the  Order  became  military,  the  knights  re- 
nounced the  patronage  of  the  Almoner,  and  placed  them- 
selves under  the  more  august  tutelage  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist."  The  Maltese  historians  have  asserted  that  in 
every  age  St.  John  the  Baptist  was  the  patron  saint  of 
their  Order. 


success  on  their  previous  cruises,  were  induced 
rashly  to  attempt  the  reduction  of  Negropont. 
After  a  siege  and  hard-fought  battle,  the  Christians 
met  with  a  signal  and  cruel  defeat.  Carafa  hear- 
ing of  this  repulse,  which  had  cost  the  Order 
thirty  knights  and  three  hundred  men,  suffered  so 
much  that  a  fever  ensued,  from  the  effects  of 
which  he  never  recovered.  Dying  on  the  21st  of 
July,  1690,  when  in  the  seventy-sixth  year  of  his 
age,  and  tenth  of  his  reign,  he  was  entombed  in 
the  Italian  chapel  of  St.  John's  Church,  and  a 
modest  epitaph  of  his  own  writing  (which  he  left 
for  the  purpose)  was  engraven  on  the  marble 
which  covered  his  remains.  (Vide  Boisgelin's, 
Alexander  Sutherland's,  and  Lacroix's  Histories 
of  the  Order.) 

No.  XIX, 

Anne  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britain, 
France,  and  Ireland,  Queen,  Defender  of  the 
Faith. 

To  the  most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince, 
the  Lord  Raymond  Perellos,  Roccaful,  Grand 
Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta,  our  well-beloved 
cousin  and  friend  —*  Greeting  : 

Most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince,  our 
well-beloved  cousin  and  friend. 

It  was  with  great  pleasure  that  we  received 
your  highness'  letters  of  the  31st  of  March,  in 
which  your  highness  demonstrates  your  good  will 
towards  us  and  our  subjects  so  clearly,  that  there 
can  be  no  room  for  doubt  on  that  head. 

We  return  thanks  as  in  duty  bound  to  your 
highness  for  the  assistance  afforded  to  our  subjects 
during  the  course  of  this  last  war,  and  we  will  not 
omit  any  good  office  by  which  we  may  be  able  to 
prove  to  your  highness  in  how  great  esteem  we 
hold  your  friendship,  and  with  what  benevolence 
we  regard  you  and  all  your  affairs. 

It  remains  for  us  heartily  to  recommend  your 
highness  to  the  protection  of  the  Most  High  and 
Most  Good  God. 

Given  from  our  palace  of  Kensington  on  the  8th 
day  of  the  month  of  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1713,  and  of  our  reign  the  twelfth. 

Your  Highness'  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

ANNE  R. 

No.  XX. 

George  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britain, 

France,   and  Ireland,  King,  Defender   of  the 

Faith. 

To  the  most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince, 
the  Lord  Raymond  Perellos,  Ptoccaful,  Grand 
Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta,  our  well-beloved 
cousin  and  friend  —  Greeting  : 

Most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince,  our 
well-beloved  cousin  and  friend. 

Highly  esteeming,  as  we  are  bound  to  do,  your 
highness'  friendship,  it  cannot  be  a  matter  of 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


439 


doubt  that  your  highness'  letters,  congratulating 
us  on  our  accession  to  these  kingdoms,  were  a 
source  of  gratification. 

We  shall  always  endeavour  to  nourish  that 
friendship  which  existed  between  your  highness 
and  our  royal  predecessors,  by  all  those  benevo- 
lent offices  which  may  serve  to  promote  and  in- 
crease it,  and  which  may  tend  to  demonstrate  how 
great  is  the  affection  we  entertain  towards  your 
highness  and  your  Order. 

It  remains  for  us  heartily  to  recommend  your 
highness  to  the  protection  of  the  Most  High  and 
Most  Good  God. 

Given  from  our  palace  of  St.  James,  the  25th 
day  of  the  month  of  June,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1715,  and  of  our  reign  the  first. 

Your  Highness'  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

GEOKGE  R. 

J.  Stanhope. 

No.  XXI. 

George  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great.  Britain, 
France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender  of  the 
Faith. 

To  the  most  eminent  Prince  the  Lord  Anthony 
Manoel,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta, 
our  well-beloved  cousin  and  friend  —  Greeting : 

Most  eminent  Prince,  our  well-beloved  cousin 
and  friend. 

'  The  grief  which  we  experienced  at  the  decease 
of  your  most  eminent  predecessor  was  greatly 
alleviated  by  the  receipt  of  your  letter  dated  Malta 
the  23rd  of  last  June,  by  which  we  were  informed 
of  your  elevation  to  the  Grand  Mastership  of  that 
most  celebrated  order  of  knighthood.  We  cer- 
tainly entertain  such  feelings  of  affection  for 
persons  coming  from  so  many  noble  families  of 
Europe,  the  flower  and  choice  of  different  coun- 
tries, that  it  is  a  source  of  great  rejoicing  to  us 
that  the  serious  prejudice  occasioned  by  the  recent 
death  is  now  repaired  by  the  elevation  of  your 
eminence,  whom  so  many  noble  persons  have  re- 
puted to  be  the  most  worthy  among  them. 

We  therefore  prognosticate  that  your  renowned 
military  Order  will  continue  from  day  to  day  to 
flourish  more  and  more,  and  that  the  memory  of 
the  deeds  formerly  performed  by  it  will  continue 
to  excite  it  in  furtherance  of  the  ancient  glory  of 
its  name. 

It  remains  for  us  to  recommend  your  eminence, 
and  all  your  Order,  to  the  protection  of  the  Most 
High  and  Most  Great  God. 

Given  from  our  palace  at  Kensington  on  the 
24th  day  of  the  month  of  August,  1 722,  and  of  our 
reign  the  ninth. 

GEORGE  R. 

Carteret. 


No.  XXII. 
To  my  Cousin  the  Grand  Master  of  Malta. 

My  Cousin, 

Having  recently  requested  the  Pope  to  have 
the  kindness,  on  the  opportunity  presenting  itself, 
not  to  dispose  of  the  Grand  Priories  of  my  king- 
dom, nor  to  grant  coadjutors  to  the  present  Grand 
Prior,  without  previously  hearing  what  I  might 
have  to  represent  to  him  on  that  head,  his  holiness 
answered  he  had  told  your  ambassador  that  he 
would  allow  the  Order  to  act  for  itself  in  all 
affairs  which  regarded  it ;  so  that  all  such  matters 
depending  on  the  Order,  it  is  with  full  confidence 
that  I  address  myself  to  you,  requesting  that  I 
may  be  treated  with  the  same  consideration  as  is 
shown  towards  other  princes  on  similar  occasions. 
No  way  doubting,  after  all  the  marks  of  your 
attention  and  friendship  which  I  have  received, 
but  that  you  will  confer  on  me  this  farther  favour, 
which  will  engage  me  so  much  the  more  to  en- 
tertain the  most  perfect  esteem  and  friendship  for 
your  Order,  and  your  person  in  particular. 

On  which  I  pray  God  to  have  you  my  cousin  in 
His  holy  and  worthy  keeping. 

Rome,  14th  September,  1725. 

Your  affectionate  Cousin, 

JAMES  R. 

To  the  Grand  Master  of  Malta. 

Anthony  Manoel  de  Villena,  who  succeeded 
Zondodari  in  1722,  was  the  Grand  Master  of 
Malta  when  the  above  letter  from  James  (the 
Pretender)  was  sent.  With  every  wish  on  the 
part  of  the  Order,  still  the  request  contained  in  it 
could  not  be  complied  with. 

WILLIAM  WINTHROP. 

La  Valetta,  Malta. 


OCCASIONAL   FORMS   OF   PRATER. 

I  possess  the  following  Forms  of  Prayer,  in 
addition  to  those  in  my  former  list  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  535.),  which  was  only  brought  down  to  the 
accession  of  the  House  of  Hanover.  The  present 
list  contains  some  few  which  were  omitted  in  my 
previous  communication. 

Form  of  Prayer.    Fast.    During  the  Plague.    1603. 

Form,  &c.     iSTov.  5.     1634. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     During  the  Plague.     1665. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     1672. 

Form,  &c.    Thanksgiving.     1691. 

Form,  &c.  Thanksgiving.  For  Suppression  of  the  Re- 
bellion. 1716. 

Form,  &c.    Fast.     1720. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     1739. 

Forms  of  Prayer  with  Thanksgiving  to  be  used  on  the 
5th  day  of  November,  the  30th  day  of  January,  and 
the  29th  day  of  May.  1728. 

These  were  published  in  a  separate  form,  on  the  acces- 
sion of  George  II. ;  and  it  is  remarkable  that  the  title  only 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


specifies  "Thanksgivings,"  whereas  one  of  the  offices  is 
for  a  fast. 

Form,  &c.    Thanksgiving.   The  Victory  over  the  French. 

1759. 
Form,  &c.    Thanksgiving.   For  Victory  by  Sir  E.  Hawke, 

1759. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     1760. 

Form,  &c.    Thanksgiving.     For  Birth  of  a  Prince.    1762. 
Form,  &c.    Fast.     1796. 
A  Prayer  to  be  used  every  Day,  after  the  Prayer  in  Time 

of  War,  &c.    1740. 

The  following  were  put  forth  at  Dublin,  by 
the  Lord  Lieutenant's  authority  : 

Form,  &c.     Fast.    Dublin.    1747. 

Form,  &c.    Thanksgiving.    For  Peace.    1763. 

Form,  &c.    Fast.    1779. 

Form,  &c.     Fast    1782. 

Form,  &c.    Thanksgiving.     1789. 

A  Prayer,  appointed  by  his  Excellency  the  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant to  be  used  on  Litany  Days  before  the  Litany, 
and  on  other  Days  before  the  Prayer  for  all  Conditions 
of  Men,  during  his  Majesty's  present  Indisposition. 
1788. 

The  above  are  in  one  volume,  and  were  collected  and 
preserved  by  Archbishop  Synge. 

Forms  of  Prayer  and  Services  used  in  Westminster  Abbey 
at  the  Coronation  of  the  Kings  and  Queens  of  England. 
Folio.  1689. 

Ceremonies  of  the  Coronations  of  Charles  II.  and  Queen 
Mary  (Consort  to  James  II.),  with  the  Prayers.  1761. 

The  Form  and  Order  of  the  Service  that  is  to  be  per- 
formed in  the  Coronation  of  their  Majesties  King 
George  III.  and  Queen  Charlotte,  on  Tuesday  the  22nd 
of  September,  1761. 

Forms  to  be  used  yearly  on  the  Second  Day  of  September, 
for  the  dreadful  Fire  of  London.  8vo.  1721. 

This  is  a  reprint  of  the  Form  put  forth  after  the  Fire  in 
16C6,  and  for  some  years  affixed  to  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer.  It  is  given  with  "  An  Account  of  the  Fire  of 
London,"  &c.,  and  the  reason  assigned  for  the  reprint  is 
this,  that  "  for  many  years  it  had  been  left  out  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer." 

A  Form  of  Prayers  used  by  his  late  Majesty  King  Wil- 
liam.    24mo.     1704. 
Another  edition,  printed  at  Dublin.     1704. 

This  little  volume  was  published  by  the  Bishop  of 
Norwich,  with  a  preface.  The  bishop  states  that  the 
prayers  were  "faithfully  printed  without  the  least  vari- 
ation from  the  original  papers  which  his  Majesty  con- 
stantly used." 

I  give  the  following  as  a  curious  volume  : 

"  The  Devotions  and  Formes  of  Prayer  daily  used  in 
the  King  of  Sweden's  Army.  4to.  London,  1632." 

One  prayer  is  given  as  having  been  uttered 
extempore  by  the  king  during  a  storm,  when  he 
was  anxious  to  embark  his  troops.  It  is  stated 
that  the  wind  changed  as  soon  as  the  king  rose 
from  his  knees,  and  that  he  succeeded  in  his 
enterprise.  .  THOMAS  LATHBURY. 


WOEDS    AND   PHRASES    COMMON    AT    POLPEBEO,   BUT 
NOT    USUAL    ELSEWHEEE. 

(Continued  from  p.  420.) 

Table.  We  have  the  phrase,  "  both  legs  were 
put  under  the  table,"  to  signify  that  on  a  visit  to 
a  neighbour's  house  the  visitor  was  well  received, 
and  entertained  sumptuously. 

Tack,  a  blow,  not  very  smart,  with  the  flat  of 
the  hand. 

Tah  (applied  to  little  children),  Caco,  to  dis- 
charge the  bowels. 

Taildor,  a  tailor. 

Tail-on-end.  A  proverbial  phrase  to  describe 
a  person  standing  full  of  expectation,  and  ready 
to  act  or  snatch  an  advantage. 

Teary,  soft,  like  dough. 

Teel,  a  common  pronunciation  of  the  word  till, 
as  signifying  cultivation  of  the  ground.  But, 
originally,  it  appears  to  have  meant  simply  to 
bury  in  the  earth;  and  in  this  sense  it  is  com- 
monly employed  in  the  west  of  Cornwall,  where 
even  the  nearest  friends  of  the  deceased  speak  of 
feeling  a  corpse  instead  of  burying  it.  With  us  it 
is  usual  for  a  person,  who  has  gone  through  mud 
or  water,  to  say  that  it  "  teeled  him  up"  so  high  as 
he  was  immersed  or  covered.  A  corresponding 
word  is  slogged ;  but  the  latter  conveys  the  mean- 
ing, the  being  held  fast,  in  addition  to  being  teeled 
up.  The  original  meaning  of  stoggan  appears  to 
be  clay. 

Tend.  In  some  places  and  books  this  word  is 
printed  and  pronounced  tien;  but  with  us  it  is 
distinctly  tend.  It  means  to  set  fire  to,  or  to  light 
up,  and  is  the  root  of  the  word  tinder,  here  pro- 
nounced tender,  which  means  something  that  will 
take  fire  easily. 

Thick,  intimate  ;  closely  united  one  to  the  other. 

Thikke.  This  word  is  the  same  with  thilke,  as 
it  appears  in  old  writers  ;  but  the  meaning,  or  at 
least  the  emphasis,  appears  to  have  been  misap- 
prehended by  most  readers.  Ilk  is  used  in  Scot- 
land to  signify  "  that  same  :"  as  Mr. ,  of  that 

ilk,  or  who  lives  in  a  place  of  the  same  name  with 
his  own.  And  it  is  not  strange  that  we  should 
proceed  from  Cornwall  to  Scotland  for  the  expla- 
nation of  a  word,  for  we  have  seen  in  several 
cases  the  advantage  of  this.  The  word  thikke  is 
perpetually  in  the  mouths  of  people  of  the  old 
school  here,  and  is  especially  used  by  children, 
and  is  composed  of  three  words  —  "  the  ilk  he  "  — 
that  same  he,  or  that  same  one  person  or  thing ; 
which  therefore  is  far  more  emphatic  than  merely 
to  say,  "  that  person  or  thing." 

Tho,  Dho,  then,  at  that  time.  It  is  so  ussd  by 
the  poet  Gower :  Tooke's  Diversions  of  Purley, 
vol.  i.  p.  444. 

Thorl,  very  thin,  emaciated.  It  is  applied  to  a 
man  or  animal,  and  means  that  they  are  so  thin 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


441 


that  the  belly  and  back  are  almost  brought  to- 
gether. 

Tiddy,  a  mother's  milk.  To  give  tiddy,  is  to 
suckle  the  child.  It  is,  no  doubt,  connected  with 
the  word  teat ;  but  the  latter  is  now  confined  to 
the  organs  of  a  beast,  whereas  the  word  tiddy  is 
only  used  with  reference  to  human  milk. 

Timberin^  made  of  wood. 

Tittle,  a  small  talk ;  probably  the  same  as  tattle, 
but  is  used  as  a  verb. 

To.  This  word  is  constantly  employed  instead 
of  at :  as.  "  he  has  been  to  Plymouth,"  "  he  is  to 
Palmouth,"  and  "  where  are  you  going  to?" 

Totelish,  foolish,  like  an  idiot.  It  is  applied  to 
one  who  has  had  understanding,  but  has  lost  it, 
either  from  age  or  other  cause. 

Tattle,  Toddle.  To  walk  along  unsteadily,  as 
a  child  learning  to  go  alone. 

Trapes,  to  walk  along  heavily,  slowly,  yet  with 
perseverance.  It  means  a  slouching  sort  of  motion, 
and  is  commonly  used  in  a  contemptuous  sense. 

Tricker,  a  dancer.  It  seems  much  the  same 
with  tripper. 

Trone,  a  small  furrow,  or  shallow  line  made  in 
the  ground. 

Truckle,  a  small  wheel.  It  is  probably  an 
original  Cornish  word  for  any  kind  of  wheel ;  but 
now  it  is  applied  to  a  small  solid  wheel  or  short 
roller.  To  truckle  along'  is  applied  to  a  person  or 
thing  that  moves  as  if  conveyed  with  such  a  kind 
of  wheel ;  steadily,  without  noise  or  apparent  effort. 

Trule,  to  roll.  A  person  is  said  to  trule  a  ball, 
when  he  rolls  it  from  him  without  throwing  it  aloft. 

Tubbot,  short  and  thick.  It  is  probable  that 
this  is  from  the  same  root  as  the  word  tub ;  mean- 
ing a  short  and  thick  vessel  for  holding  liquids  ; 
and  also  of  the  name  of  the  tubfish  (Trigla 
Jiirundo),  which  is  the  shortest  and  thickest,  in 
proportion  to  its  bulk,  of  any  of  its  kind. 

Turmet,  turnip. 

Vady,  damp,  but  only  so  much  as  to  be  slightly 
felt.  Bishop  Berkeley," in  his  Farther  Thoughts  on 
Tarwater,  p.  9.,  uses  what  appears  to  be  the  same 
vrord,fade,  in  the  same  sense. 

Vamp.  It  is  used  only  by  knitters,  as  applied 
to  stockings;  to  vamp  which,  is  to  work  in  new 
feet  to  the  old  legs  ;  first  ripping  off  the  old  wor- 
sted, and  then  carrying  on  the  new  work  from 
its  junction  with  the  old.  But  the  word  has  been 
used  for  a  sort  of  stocking,  which  comes  no  higher 
than  a  little  above  the  ankles.  That  the  word°has 
a  particular  reference  to  the  feet,  appears  from 
the  expression  famp ;  which  means,  to  tread  along 
heavily,  with  a  firm  use  of  the  feet.  Pope  uses 
the  word  vamped  for  a  piece  of  writing  formed  of 
old  and  new  joined  together;  but  this  is  the 
figurative,  and  not  literal  employment  of  it. 

Vang,  to  receive  actually  into  the  hand.  It 
seems  to  have  meant  originally  to  grasp  ;  and  the 
word  fang,  as  meaning  the  claw  of  a  beast,  is  from 


the  same  root.  The  Cornish  word  vang  is  there- 
fore the  lost  verb  of  the  substantive  fang,  the 
claw  or  talon  for  grasping  or  holding. 

Vester.  A  feather  stripped  of  its  vane  all  ex- 
cept the  point ;  and  used  by  children  at  a  dame's 
school,  to  point  out  the  letter  or  word  they  are 
studying,  to  save  the  print  from  being  dirtied  or 
worn  by  the  touch  of  the  finger,  if  the  latter  were 
employed.  When  hornbooks  were  in  common 
use,  as  I  remember  well,  a  little  feather  of  this 
sort  was  employed  to  point  out  the  letter.  This 
word  has  been  printed  fescue,  but  vester  (perhaps 
a  false  pronunciation)  was  the  only  one  known 
here. 

Vineyd,  mouldy,  covered  with  mildew.  In 
Evelyn's  Works  (on  the  making  of  cider)  it  is 
spelled  finewd. 

Vish,  for  fish  ;  and  so  also,  often  vour  for  four. 

Vitty,  fit,  proper,  appropriate. 

Vogget,  to  hop  on  one  leg. 

Voitch,  to  tread  on  by  trampling  ;  to  trample 
on  a  thing  over  and  over  again.  VIDEO. 


MASTERPIECES    OF    TUB    EARLY    ENGLISH 
DRAMATISTS. 

Will  you  allow  me,  through  your  pages,  to 
suggest  a  literary  undertaking  which  I  feel  con- 
fident, if  well  executed,  would  be  very  successful  ? 
I  mean  a  selection  of  the  "  Masterpieces  of  the 
Early  English  Dramatists :" — not  scenes,  but  com- 
plete plays.  Surely  one  chief  cause  of  their  being 
so  little  read  is,  that  they  wrote  so  much  and  so 
unequally.  Each  of  them,  with  hardly  an  excep- 
tion, has  one  or  more  pieces  far  superior  to  the 
rest,  both  in  quality  and  fame  ;  but  these  lie  im- 
bedded in  the  mass  of  the  "  Opera  Omnia,"  which 
few  care  to  sift  or  purchase.  The  selection  should 
be  made  sparingly,  with  due  regard  to  the  general 
taste,  and  with  a  preference  of  plays,  the  name  of 
which  is  already  well  known  either  through  the 
stage,  or  in  any  other  way,  —  as  Marlowe's  Dr. 
Faustus,  since  Gb'the's  Faust  appeared.  Take 
Ben  Jonson  for  example  :  give  us  Catiline,  Seja- 
nus,  the  Fox,  the  Alchemist,  and  Every  Man  in 
his  Humour.  Would  not  this  be  the  cream  ? 
enough  to  satisfy  the  general  reader,  and  attract 
many  farther  ?  The  form  of  publication  should 
be  pleasing,  though  not  expensive ;  no  double 
columns.  Give  us  the  best  text ;  notices  if  you 
like,  but  as  few  notes  as  possible. 

Two  considerations  have  occurred  to  me,  which 
perhaps  you  will  allow  me  to  mention:  —  1.  In 
the  case  of  authors  celebrated  also  for  poetry  not 
dramatic,  should  the  best  specimens  of  this  be 
given  ?  Ben  Jonson's  smaller  poems  are  an  in- 
stance, and  Marlowe's  Hero  and  Leander.  2. 
Should  a  few  tragedies  of  later  date  be  added, 
taking  celebrity,  not  merit,  as  the  test  of  selection  ? 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


I  mean  two  or  three  of  Dryden's  best,  and  such 
plays  as  the  Mourning  Bride,  Cato,  the  Fair  Peni- 
tent, and  Venice  Preserved.  These  additions  would 
not  be  quite  in  conformity  with  the  title  I  have 
suggested,  but  they  would  certainly  enhance  the 
attractions  of  the  work  as  a  collection,  which 
every  gentleman  of  taste,  possessing  even  a  very 
small  library,  would  be  desirous  to  secure. 

S.  C.  G. 
Liverpool. 


GEANDISON   PEERAGE. 

The  following  extract  will  not  be  without  its 
interest  to  the  parties  claiming  coheirship  in  the 
barony  of  Grandison,  as  furnishing,  from  family 
muniments,  decisive  evidence  of  the  North  wood  e 
line  of  descent ;  and  as  a  most  satisfactory  con- 
firmation of  that  part  of  the  case  which  relates  to 
the  Northwoodes,  the  whole  of  which  has  been  so 
ably  worked  out  by  Mr.  W.  Hardy.  The  extract 
which  I  send  is  from  a  case  for  counsel's  opinion, 
temp.  Henry  V.,  among  the  muniments  of  the 
manor  of  Thurnham  in  Kent,  in  the  Surrenden 
collection.  After  setting  out  the  descent  and 
entail  of  the  manor,  beginning  with  Sir  Roger 
Northwoode  and  his  five  wives,  it  states  that,  by 
the  first  of  these  (Juliana  Say),  Sir  Eoger  had  his 
eldest  son  and  heir,  Sir  John,  who  married  Joan. 

"  Lez  qux  au'  issu  Rog.  Nbrthwode  Chr,  Will.,  et  James, 
et  p'  le  (lit  Ric.  et  autres  [viz.  the  trustees  of  the  estate] 
lessere  m'  la  man'  a  lez  ditz  John  Northwode  et  Johne  sa 
fee,  a  t'me  de  lor  deux  viez ;  et  John  baron  Johiie  m'ust ; 
et  p'  le  dl  Ric  ate  Lese  [i.  e.  one  of  the  trustees]  ganta  la 
reu'  de  m'  la  man'  a  le  d*  Rog.  Northwode,  chr,  fitz  le  dit 
John,  p  force  de  quel  le  d'  Johiie  attorna ;  et  p8  le  (lit  Rog. 
fitz  le  d1  John,  relessa  t4  le  droit  qil  au'  a  le  d4  Johne  mier' 
le  d'  Rog'  et  ps  le  d*  Johne  leua  un  fin  ou'  garr  a  certez 
psons  qu'  estat  lez  tuuts  du  d'  man'  ore  ount,"  £c. 

"  Et  Rog.  fitz  John  m'ust  sanz  issu ;  et  Will,  fitz  John 
p'st  a  fee,  &c. ;  et  au'  issu  Elizab*  et  Isabell,  et  m'ust ;  et 
p»  James  au'  issu  ij  fitz,"  &e. 

"  Lun  question  est,  si  le  dit  man'  soit  taille  a  le  dit 
Rog.,  et  sez  he'rs  de  son  corps  engendrez,  si  lez  ij  fitz  du 
dit  James  s'r'  barr  p  la  garre  Johne  de  la  moite  del  gauel- 
kende,"  &c. 

[In  dorso.]  "Euidencie  ad  cognoscend'  demisam  man'ii 
de  Thornham,  et  que  tre  diet,  manerii  sunt  t'r  de  gauil- 
kendes. 

"  Cause  querlle.    J.  Martin  et  JTorthwode." 

From  the  above  we  get  this  descent : 

Sir  John  de  Nbrthwode=Joan. 


Sir  Roger  de  Northwode, 
ob.  s.  p. 


Isabella.       A  son.          A  son. 


Among  the  same  muniments  is  a  minute  gene- 
alogical history  of  the  Northwoodes.  It  is  set 
forth  in  an  original  roll,  circiter  temp.  Hen.  IV.,  and 
details  the  history  and  descent  of  the  family  from 
Sir  Stephen  de  Northwoode  (init.  Hen.  III.) 


downwards.     From  this  roll  I  subjoin  the  follow- 
ing extract  : 

"  De  quibus  quidem  diio  Johe  et  Johna  exe'runt  dns  Ro- 
gerus  de  Norwode,  Willfhs  de  Norwode,  Jacobus  de  Nor- 
wode, Juliana  de  Norwode  jam  ux  Johls  Digge,  et  Joha, 
iamux  Joins  Dengeyne  mil',  de  com.  Cantebrigg.,  et  fecit 
dictam  antenatam  filiam  snam  vocari  Juliana,  ob  memo- 
riam  nominis  Juliane  matris  sue,  et  obiit  xxvij  die  Fe- 
bruar.,  anno  n  Reg.  Rici  scdo,  ut  patet  per  officium  in 
Cancell.  Reg.  retornat.  capt.  post  mortem  dci  drii  Jchls,. 
apud  Sidyngbo'ne  corain  Johe  Erode  tnc  Esc  dci  dni  Regis, 
die  M'curii  p_x.  post  festum  Sci  Georgii  dco  anno  sco,  et 
qd  dcus  Rogerus,  tune  etatis  xxiij  annor',  fuit  filius  et 
her.  dci  diii  Johls  quoad  man'ia,  terf,  et  tenta,  ten.  p  s'rvic. 
militaf,  et  quoad  ten.  de  Gauilkynde,  ejus  coheredes  p'dci 
Willms  et  Jacobus,"  &c. 

From  which  we  acquire  this  descent : 

Sir  John  de  Nbrthwode=Joau. 
d.  Feb.  27,  2  Rich.  II.  I 


Sir   Roger     William, 
de  North- 
wode. 


John=Juliana.       Sir  Jno.=Joan. 
Digge.  Dengeyce. 


I  have  original  charters  confirmatory  of  many  of 
the  above  points,  and  a  large  amount  of  collateral 
evidence ;  and  there  are  references  to  suits  at  law, 
from  the  records  of  which  still  more  decisive  evi- 
dence might  be  obtained.  L.  B.  L. 


d&tncrr 

Funeral  Parade  in  1733.  —  Extract  from  the 
will  of  Seth  Adams,  Esq.,  citizen  and  vintner,  and 
major  of  the  trained  bands  of  London,  dated 
27th  February,  4  Geo.  II. : 

"I  hereby  direct  that  in  case  I  shall  happen  to  dye  in 
London,  that  the  five  companys  of  granadiers  be  invited 
to  march  at  my  funerall  in  manner  following,  viz.  the 
Artillery  Company,  St.  Clement's  Company,  St.  Giles 
Without,  Cripplegate  Company,  Southwark  Company, 
and  White  Chappel  Company,  of  granadiers,  to  whom  I 
order  and  direct  the  sume  of  thirty  pounds  to  be  paid, 
viz.  to  each  company  the  sume  of  six  pounds  to  defray  the 
expence  of  their  march ;  but  my  will  and  mind  is,  that 
each  of  the  said  companys  shall  march  six  and  thirty 
granadiers  at  least,  or  otherwise  they  shall  not  be  en- 
tituled  to  the  said  sume  of  six  pounds ;  and  that  the  said 
companys  shall  march  from  the  house  wherein  I  now 
dwell  a't  Cripplegate,  London,  up  Wood  Street,  along 
Cheapside,  round  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  through  Ludgate, 
and  strait  forwards  to  Pall  Mall,  up  St.  James's  Street  to 
Hyde  Park  Corner,  and  there  to  give  three  vollies,  and  that 
four' coaches,  with  six  horses  each,  shall  attend  the  corps 
to  be  decently  buried  in  the  parish  church  of  Stanmore 
Magna,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and  that  I  be  buried 
by  daylight.  Proved  8th  August,  1733." 

J'>.  .Ll. 

Cheap  Postage. — It  has  often  been  remarked 
that  the  British  public  are  far  ahead  of  their 
rulers  in  a  perception  of  what  would  be  beneficial 
for  the  interests  of  the  community.  Hence  the 
blessing  of  a  free  press,  which  affords  scope  for 
the  expression  of  our  wants  and  wishes,  and  com- 
pels governments  to  listen  to  it.  We  want  a  sys- 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


443 


tern  of  cheap  postage,  which  would  allow  merchants 
and  literati  to  correspond  in  all  parts  of  the  world 
on  the  penny  system.  ALPHA. 

Reading-society  Rhymes.  —  Some  years  ago  a 
volume  of  Dr.  Adam  Clarke's  Sermons  was  passing 
through  a  reading  society  in  this  neighbourhood, 
-and  the  following  lines,  which  I  give  literatim, 
•were  found  pasted  on  the  cover : 

"  From  greasy  wast, 
And  blaching  past, 

And  every  candle  end ; 
From  mutton  roast, 
And  butter  toast, 
The  Doctor  Clarke  defend." 

H.  MARTIN. 
Halifax. 

Forester's  "  Ordericus  Vitalis."  —  In  Mr.  Fo- 
rester's note  (2)  at  p.  25.  of  Ordericus  Vitalis, 
vol.  iii.  (Bonn's  edition),  there  appears  to  be  a 
slight  inaccuracy,  which  may  be  worth  noticing. 
The  text  having  mentioned  "  Alberede,  wife  of 
Ralph,  Count  of  Bayeux,"  in  connexion  with 
"Hugh,  Bishop  of  Bayeux,"  the  annotator  de- 
scribes Hugh  as  "  their  eldest  son  ; "  whereas,  if 
the  Neustria  Pia  may  be  trusted,  neither  Hugh 
nor  his  brother  John  (the  Archbishop  of  Rouen) 
was  a  son  of  Alberede,  but  both  were  children  of 
Eremberga,  Ralph's  second  wife : 

"  Mortua  itaque  Albereda,  Radulfus  aliam  desponsavit 
mulierem,  nomine  Erembergam,  ex  qua  duosgenuit  filios, 
scilicet,  Hugoneni  et  Joannem,  prajsules  praefatos."  — 
Neustria  Pia  (Artur.  du  Monstier),  Rothomagi,  1663, 
p.  670. 

Emma,  the  mother  of  William  Fitz-Osbern, 
appears  to  have  been  another  of  Eremberga's 
children.  (Conf.  Dugdale's  Monasticon,  vol.  vi. 
par.  ii.  p.  1101.)  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  worth 
observing  that  Hugh  himself  had  a  daughter  called 
Alberede,  who  was  wife  of  Albert  de  Crenento, 
and  who  is  described  by  Vitalis  as  "  Hugonis  Ba- 
jocensis  Episcopi  filia."  (And.  Du  Chesne's  Hist. 
Norm.  Script.,  Lut.  Par.,  1619,  p.  613.) 

J.  SANSOM. 

George  Whitefield.  —  I  take  the  following  no- 
tice from  a  recent  New  York  journal : 

"  In  Savannah,  Georgia,  the  last  blood  kin  of  George 
Whitefield,  the  eminent  divine,  who  came  to  America 
with  Oglethornc,  was  followed  from  a  garret  to  the 
grave." 

w.  w. 

Malta. 

Telegraphing  through  Water,  not  a  recent  Dis- 
covery.— Dr.  Franklin,  in  1748,  thus  wrote  to  his 
friend  Peter  Collinson  of  London  : 

"  Chagrined  a  little  that  we  have  hitherto  been  able  to 
produce  nothing  in  this  way  of  use  to  mankind,  and  the 
hot  weather  coining  on  when  electrical  experiments  are 
not  so  agreeable,  it  is  proposed  to  put  an  end  to  them  for 
the  season,  somewhat  humorously,  in  a  party  of  pleasure 


on  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill.  Spirits  at  the  same  time 
are  to  be  fired  by  a  spark  sent  from  side  to  side  through  the 
river  without  any  other  conductor  than  the  water ;  an  experi- 
ment which  we  some  time  since  performed  to  the  amazement 
of  many.  A  turkey  is  to  be  killed  for  our  dinner  by  the 
electric  shock,  and  roasted  by  the  electric  jack,  before  a 
fire  kindled  by  the  electrified  bottle ;  when  the  health  of 
all  the  famous  electricians  of  England,  Holland,  France, 
and  Germany,  are  to  be  drunk  in  electrified  bumpers, 
under  a  discharge  of  guns  from  the  electrical  battery." 

"  Professor  Morse,  we  have  understood,  made  similar 
successful  experiments  nine  years  ago  in  communicating 
across  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  has  been  for  some 
time  prosecuting  experiments  with  the  view  of  forming 
a  telegraphic  communication  between  the  United  States 
and  Great  Britain."  —  Vide  Washington  Intelligencer, 
Oct.  5, 1854. 

W.  W. 

Malta. 

The  oldest  Church  in  America  is  one  in  the 
state  of  Virginia,  and  built  of  timber  imported 
from  England  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 

W.  W. 
Malta. 


SHAKSPEARE    AUTOGRAPH. 

I  venture  to  trouble  you  with  a  communication, 
hoping  through  the  medium  of  your  valuable 
journal  to  elicit  some  information  respecting  a 
very  curious  old  Italian  book,  which  was  lately 
picked  up  at  an  old  book-stall  in  this  town. 

Not  being  an  Italian  scholar,  I  cannot  say  what 
may  be  the  character  of  the  book,  but  the  title  is 
as  follows  :  Commento  Di  Ser  Agresto  Da  Ficar- 
volo  Sopra  la  prima  Ficuta  del  Padre  Siceo.  Con 
la  Diceria  de  Nasi.  It  bears  neither  printer's  nor 
publisher's  name,  but  commences  with  what  ap- 
pears to  be  a  preface,  headed,  "  L'Heride  di  Bar- 
bagrigia  Stampatore  agli  amatori  delle  Scienze, 
S. ;"  and  dated  at  the  end,  "DiBengodi  a  12. 
di  Gennaio,  MDLXXXIV."  The  running  title 
through  the  book  is  "  Commento  delle  Fiche." 
The  second  part  of  the  book,  commencing  on  the 
103rd  page,  and  extending  through  fourteen 
pages,  is  entitled,  "  Nasea  Overo  diceria  de  Nasi 
del  Medesimo  Ser  Agresto,  al  Sesto  re  della  verto, 
detto  Nasone."  This  (which  is  also  the  end  of 
the  book)  concludes,  "  Raccomandatemi  a  tutti 
i  nostri  Virtuosi  di  Corte  &  resto  seruidore  del 
vostro  Naso,  alii  x.  d'  Aprile,  MDXXXVIII."  The 
book  is  in  good  preservation,  and  is  bound  in 
limp  vellum;  but  that  which  excites  the  most 
curiosity  in  connexion  with  it  is,  that  on  turning 
back  the  vellum  which  had  been  folded  over  to 
form  the  edge  of  the  corner,  there  was  found 
written  on  the  inside  of  it  "  William  Shakspere." 

The  character  and  appearance  of  the  writing, 
together  with  the  apparent  age  of  the  book,  seem, 
to  fix  this  as  a  bony  fide  autograph  of  the  great 
poet ;  and  all  to  whom  it  has  been  shown  coincide 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


in  this  opinion.  Whether  there  is  really  any  pro- 
bability of  this  being  a  genuine  autograph  or  not, 
I  hope  some  light  may  be  thrown  upon  it  by  you 
or  some  of  your  numerous  antiquarian  readers. 

I  inclose  a  fac- simile  of  the  writing,  and  shall 
feel  greatly  obliged  by  your  insertion  of  this  com- 
munication in  "  N.  &  Q."  J.  W.  FISHER. 

25.  Moss  Street,  Liverpool. 

[If  our  correspondent  will  forward  the  book,  we  will 
submit  the  autograph  to  the  examination  of  some  com- 
petent authority,  although  recent  experience  in  Shak- 
spearian  relics  does  not  encourage  us  to  hope  that  such 
examination  will  establish  the  genuineness  of  the  auto- 
graph. —  ED.  "X.  &  Q."] 


MEDALLIC    QUERIES. 

I  have  received  three  medals  from  Florence  : 
as  I  have  not  met  with  them  in  any  book,  I  send  a 
description  of  them,  in  hopes  some  of  your  numis- 
matic readers  may  be  able  to  tell  me  if  they  are 
ascribed  to  the  right  persons. 

1.  A  head,  with  a  monk's  hood  drawn  on  in 
very  high  relief.      "  PORTIO  .  MEA  .  IN  .  TERRA  . 
VTVENTIVM."     Reverse  :   Beneath,  a  city  ;  above, 
on  the  left,  a  hand  and  arm,  holding  a  dagger, 
issuing  from  clouds ;    on  the  right,  a  dove,  sur- 
rounded by  a  nimbus.      "  POST  .  GLADIVM  .  SFS  . 

DONI  .  SVP  .  TERRAM." 

This  is  sent  to  me  as  a  medal  of  Fra  Girolamo 
Savonarola.  It  is  said  to  be  very  rare.  The 
gallery  at  Florence  do  not  possess  it,  and  offered 
71.  for  it. 

2.  A  head  with  monk's  hood  drawn  on,  in  high 
relief.       "  ANIDEOTIBIQVIA     FAVSTONOMINE     vo- 
CARIS."     Reverse  :  A  full-length  figure  of  Faith 
to  the  left,  holding  in  the  right  a  chalice  and  host ; 
in  the  left  a  cross,  treflie  fitchee.     "  FIDES." 

This  is  said  to  be  the  medal  of  Fra  Domenico 
da  Pescia,  principal  follower  of  Savonarola,  with 
him  imprisoned  in  1498,  and  afterwards  burnt. 
The  consecrated  cup  in  the  reverse  alludes  to  his 
offer,  and  that  of  his  companion  Fra  Silvestre  da 
Firenze,  to  .walk  through  the  flames  holding  the 
consecrated  vessel,  in  order  to  prove  the  truth  of 
the  doctrines  preached  by  Savonarola. 

3.  A  tonsured    head    in    high    relief.      "  IN  . 

QVIETV  .  EST  .  COR   .  MEVM  .  DONEC  .  REQVIESCAT  . 

IN  .  TE."     Reverse  :  The  head  of  our  Saviour  to 
the   left,    surrounded    by   a    nimbus.      "  IESVS  . 

CHRISTVS  .  SALVATOR  .  MUNDI." 

This  is  said  to  be  a  medal  of  Fra  Bondinelli, 
"  Dei  nuovi  observanti." 

Of  the  three  coins,  No.  3.  is  about  the  size  of 
a  crown  piece,  but  excessively  thick.  No.  2.  is 
considerably  larger,  but  flatter;  and  1.  again 
larger.  They  are  all  of  copper,  and  their  work- 
manship rude  though  very  effective.  LOCCAN. 


Coverdale's  Bible.  —  Are  either  of  the  earlier 
editions  of  the  Vulgate  illustrated  with  the  exact 
cut  of  the  Creation,  that  appears  on  the  first  page 
of  Coverdale's  Bible,  1535  ?  I  make  this  Query, 
because  I  find  a  similar  frontispiece  in  an  edition, 
printed  at  "  Lugduni  in  ofEcina  Jacob!  Saconi 
anno  dni  decimo  quinto  supra  millesimii  Duode- 
cimo Kalendas  Octobris."  This  bears  in  detail 
so  striking  a  resemblance  to  Coverdale's,  that  I  am 
inclined  to  regard  it  as  the  pattern  cut.  I  should 
feel  obliged  by  a  decision.  R.  C.  WARDE. 

Kidderminster. 

Sebastopol,  or  Sevastopol.  —  I  have  some  reason 
for  thinking  that  it  should  be  always  spelt  with 
the  b,  but  that  the  single  b  is  pronounced  like  a 
v ;  and  the  double  b  only  has  the  proper  sound  of 
b  given  it  by  the  Russians.  The  present  con- 
fusion cannot  be  right.  Will  no  one,  through 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  set  this  straight  ?  A.  H.  M.  WHITE. 

Castle  resembling  Colzean  Castle.  —  Can  any  of 
your  readers  inform  me  where  in  the  United 
Kingdom  is  situate  the  following  castle  ?  I  have 
looked  for  it  without  success  in  my  limited  library 
of  views. 

A  castle,  the  residence  within  the  last  twenty 
years  of  a  nobleman,  on  the  top  of  lofty  and  pre- 
cipitous cliffs,  going  perpendicularly  down  into  the 
sea,  with  trees  about  it  and  hills  rising  behind  it, 
and  a  view  of  the  open  sea ;  it  is  believed  either  a 
part  was  ruinous,  or  else  a  ruin  in  the  immediate 
vicinity ;  there  was  a  walk  half-way  down  the 
cliff  overhanging  tlie  water,  with  a  descent  from 
above  by  steps  with  railings.  On  the  opposite 
side  of  an  arm  of  the  sea,  or  wide  river  (up  which 
large  ships  frequently  passed),  was  another  castle 
or  residence  within  sight,  belonging  to  a  relative 
of  this  nobleman. 

Colzean  Castle  on  Frith  of  Clyde  resembles  it 
in  some  respects,  but  is  not  the  castle  described. 
PERCY  FIT/HERBERT  JONES. 

Dr.  John  Dee.  —  Can  you  or  any  of  your  nu- 
merous and  learned  subscribers  inform  me  on  what 
day  in  the  year  1608  the  above  learned  man  died 
(in  Mortlake),  or  upon  what  day  he  was  interred 
(in  the  chancel  of  the  church)  ?  Where  are  por- 
traits of  him  to  be  seen  ?  J.  J.  H. 

Booksellers'  Stocks  burned.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  a  list  of  the  great  fires  at  the  houses 
of  booksellers  and  printers,  occasioning  the  total 
or  partial  destruction  of  valuable  works,  with  a 
list  of  the  works  so  destroyed  ?  J.  M. 

Molines  of  Stoke-Poges.  —  Sir  John  Molines  is 
known  to  have  been  the  possessor  of  this  manor  in 
1331,  leaving  it  to  his  widow  Egidia.  He  is  reported 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


to  have  died  in  prison,  as  no  record  remains  of  him 
save  a  black  tablet  on  the  north  side  of  the 
chancel,  which  is  called  his  tomb,  he  being  the 
reputed  refounder  of  the  church.  His  son  Wil- 
liam succeeds  on  his  mother's  death  to  the  estate, 
the  event  taking  place  in  1367.  He  quits  this 
earthly  sphere  in  1381,  leaving  his  son  Richard, 
who  dies  four  years  afterwards,  that  is  to  say,  in 
1385.  Richard  leaves  a  son,  seven  years  old  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  who  dies  in  1425,  aged  forty 
years.  His  name  is  William  ;  he  also  leaves  a  son 
named  William,  who  is  nineteen  years  of  age  then. 
In  1429,  four  years  after,  he  is  killed  while  de- 
fending a  bridge  at  the  siege  of  Orleans.  He 
leaves  a  daughter  Eleanor,  who  is  thirteen  years 
old  at  her  father's  death,  and  at  fifteen  marries 
Robert,  Lord  Hungerford.  This  marriage  takes 
place  about  1441.  I  should  like  to  be  set  right 
here ;  there  is  some  mistake  evidently  between  the 
two  last-named  Williams.  The  date  1425  of  the 
first  William  is  right  as  regards  his  death ;  four 
years  afterwards  his  son  William,  aged  twenty- 
three,  falls  in  battle.  The  last-named  (as  above) 
dies  in  1429,  his  daughter's  marriage  takes  place 
about  1441,  a  period  of  twelve  years  afterwards. 
Consequently,  if  the  above  dates  are  right,  she  is 
twenty-seven  at  her  marriage ;  if  she  is  born  at 
all  during  his  life  she  is  one  year  of  age  at  her 
father's  demise,  1428  ;  if  she  marries  at  fifteen  she 
is  born  in  1416,  thus  making  her  father  ten  years 
old  at  her  birth.  When  did  the  siege  of  Orleans 
take  place,  in  1429  or  1439  ?  If  the  latter  date  is 
correct,  she  is  born  in  1426,  when  her  father  is 
twenty  years  old,  and  her  age  of  fifteen  in  1441 
correct.  I  have  not  at  hand  any  works  I  can 
refer  to  for  this  event.  W.  H.  B. 

First  Literary  Newspaper  in  Dublin.  — 

"  The  first  literary  newspaper  that  appeared  in  Dublin 
was  commenced  by  the  Pastor  Droz,  who  long  officiated 
as  a  clergyman  in  that  city,  and  who  founded  a  library  on 
College  Green."—  Weiss,  'History  of  the  French  Protestant 
Refugees,  p.  273. 

Query,  Does  the  above-mentioned  library  still 
exist  ?  and  if  so,  what  is  its  present  state,  and  of 
what  description  are  the  books  in  it  ?  J.  M.  O. 

Sir  Henry  JoTines.  —  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents answer  the  following  Queries  respecting 
Sir  Henry  Johnes  of  Abermarlais,  co.  Carmarthen, 
who  was  created  a  baronet  in  1643  ?  Was  he 
twice  married  ?  What  issue  did  he  leave  ?  When 
did  he  die  ? 

In  the  Heraldic  Visitation  of  South  Wales,  one 
wife  only  is  mentioned,  viz.  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Richard  Herbert;  by  whom  he  had  Thomas, 
Edward,  Magdalen,  and  Priscilla.  According  to  the 
Baronetage,  Magdalen,  daughter  and  co-heiress, 
married  Sir  John  Stepney,  Bart.;  and  Priscilla 
his  brother  Thomas  Stepney  :  yet  in  another  part, 


Sir  Price  Rudd,  Bart.,  is  said  to  have  married 
Magdalen  for  his  first  wife.  Again,  Sir  Francis 
Cornwallis,  Knt.,  is  described  of  Abermarlais, 
having  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  and  co-heiress 
of  Sir  Henry  Johnes,  by  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Sir  Henry  Williams,  Bart.,  of  Gwernevet.  J.  P.  O. 

Pasigraphy.  —  In  the  English  Encyclopaedia, 
art.  "  Alphabet,"  is  the  following  passage : 

"  Mr.  Dow,  author  of  the  History  of  Indostan,  lately 
formed  a  new  language  and  alphabet.  This  language, 
and  the  characters  formed  for  its  notation,  were  so  easy 
that  a  female  of  his  acquaintance  acquired  the  knowledge 
of  them  in  three  weeks,  and  constantly  corresponded  with 
him  therein." 

Was  this  system  ever  explained  in  print  ?  Does 
it  still  remain  in  MS.,  or  is  it  irrevocably  lost  ? 

DBEXELIUS. 

"  Star  of  the  twilight  grey."  —  There  is  a  very 
charming  Jacobite  lyric,  beginning  "  Star  of  the 
twilight  grey."  I  cannot  by  any  means  discover 
who  was  its  author.  Can  any  of  your  intelligent 
correspondents  enlighten  me  ?  A.  S. 

Printers'  Marks. — What  is  the  origin  of  the 
printers'  marks,  ?  !  *  ^[  §  ||  ?  Are  they  merely 
arbitrary  signs,  or  possessed  originally  of-  some 
intrinsic  significance  ?  J.  T.  JEFFCOCK. 


HandeVs  Wedding  Anthem.  —  The  Daily  Gazet- 
teer of  May  8,  1740,  gives  the  "  "Wedding  Anthem 
for  the  Princess  Mary,"  as  composed  and  set  to 
music  by  Mr.  Handel.  It  was  on  the  same  day 
that  she  was  married  to  the  Prince  of  Hesse. 

Is  this  Anthem  to  be  found  in  any  MS.  or 
printed  collection  of  Handel's  work  ?  H.  E. 

Spanish  Epigram.  —  There  is  a  little  Spanish 
epigram  in  praise  of  small  things,  as  enfolding  in 
themselves  the  largest  value  ;  taking  the  diamond 
as  an  example.  Can  any  reader  help  me  to  the 
words,  or  the  author  ?  J.  P.  R. 

The  Boyle  Lectures.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
explain  why  these  lectures  have  not  been  regu- 
larly published  ?  Bishop  Van  Mildert,  in  the 
preface  to  his  Sermons  preached  at  the  Boyle  Lec- 
ture, from  the  year  1802  to  1805,  says  : 

"  Although  the  noble  founder  of  the  lecture  did  not 
expressly  direct  that  the  discourses  should  be  printed,  yet, 
as  the  design  of  it  could  not  otherwise  be  effectually 
answered,  it  is  hardly  to  be  doubted  that  such  was  his 
intention." 

In  the  preface  to  the  seventh  edition  of  Derham's 
Boyle  Lectures  (Physico-Theology),_1727,>  it  is 
stated  that,  to  remedy  an  inconvenience  in  the 
original  mode  of  paying  the  lecturers,  — • 

"  His  present  Grace  of  Canterbury  procured  a  yearly 
stipend  of  50/.,  to  be  paid  quarterly  for  ever,  charged 
upon  a  farm  in  the  parish  of  Brill  in  the  county  of 
Bucks." 


446 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


The  lectures  published  last,  so  far  as  my  inquiries 
inform  me,  were  preached  in  1821  by  Mr.  Harness, 
and  published  in  1823.  Y.  Z. 


Minat 


tufts 


Spanish  Reformation.  —  I  want  speedily  a  good 
list  of  works  respecting  the  Reformation  and 
Martyrs  in  Spain.  Will  you  kindly  aid  me  ? 

B.  H.  C. 

[Consult  History  of  the  Reformation  in  Spain,  by 
Thomas  M'Crie,  Edin.,  1829,  8vo.;  The  Spanish  Pro- 
-testant  Martyrology,  amongst  the  Tracts  of  Dr.  Geddes; 
The  Spanish  Protestants,  by  Senor  Don  Adolfo  de  Castro, 
translated  by  Thos.  Parker,  1851  ;  History  of  Religious 
Intolerance  in  Spain,  by  the  same  author,  and  translated 
by  the  same  translator,  1853.  The  materials  for  his- 
tory lie  scattered  in  many  books  of  modern  authors  ;  the 
chief  are:  Ensayo  de  una  Siblioteca  de  Traductores,  por 
Senor  Don  Jose  de  Pellicer  ;  Historia  Critica  de  la  Inqui- 
sition, por  Senor  Don  Juan  Antonio  Llorente,  Paris, 
1817-18,  4  torn.  8vo.  ;  La  Inquisition  sin  Mascara,  por 
Senor  Don  J.  Puigblanch.  An  examination  of  the  notes 
in  the  works  of  Dr.  M'Crie,  and  of  Senor  Don  Adolfo  de 
Castro,  will  furnish  our  correspondent  with  the  less  ob- 
vious sources  of  the  history  of  religious  opinion  in  Spain 
at  the  era  of  the  Reformation.] 

Harrington's  "  Historic  Anecdotes."  —  Sir  Jonah 
Barrington's  Historic  Anecdotes  of  the  Legislative 
Union  between  Great  Britain  and  Ireland:  re- 
specting this  work,  will  you  allow  me  to  make 
four  inquiries  ?  Was  the  work  completed  ?  To 
how  many  Parts  did  it  extend  ?  Is  it  considered 
of  much  weight  ?  Also,  is  it  scarce  ?  S.  S.  S. 

[A  portion  of  this  work  was'  first  published  in  1809  by 
G.  Robinson,  25.  Paternoster  Row,  with  the  following 
title  :  Historic  Anecdotes  and  Secret  Memoirs  of  the  Legis- 
lative Union  between  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  by  Sir 
Jonah  Barrington.  But  it  seems  to  have  been  subse- 
quently completed  in  ten  parts,  and  republished,  with  a 
new  title-page,  by  Mr.  Colburn  in  1833,  viz.  Historic 
Memoirs  of  Ireland;  comprising  Secret  Records  of  the 
National  Convention,  the  Rebellion,  and  the  Union,  with 
Delineations  of  the  Principal  Characters  connected  with 
these  transactions,  by  Sir  Jonah  Barrington,  2  vols.  4to. 
Sir  Jonah  died  at  Versailles,  April  8,  1834.] 

"Miss  Bayley's  Ghost"  Latin  Translation.  — 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  learned  in  such 
matters,  say  where  is  to  be  found  a  Latin  trans- 
lation of  the  old  English  song,  "  Miss  Bayley's 
Ghost  ?  "  It  commences  thus  : 

"  Seduxit  miles  virginem,  receptus  in  hibernis." 

B. 

[This  clever  version  will  be  found  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  August,  1805.  It  is  the  production  of  the 
Rev.  G.  H.  Glasse,  and,  as  the  following  verse  (the  first) 
will  prove,  is  a  very  happy  translation  : 

"  Seduxit  miles  virginem,  receptus  in  hybernis, 
Praecipitem  qua}  laqueo  se  transtulit  Avernis  : 
Impransus  ille  restitit,  sed  acrius  potabat, 
Et,  conscius  facinoris,  per  vina  clamitabat  — 
'  Miseram  Bailiam  !  infortunatam  Bailiam  ! 
Proditam,  traditam,  miserrimamque  Bailiam  !  '  "] 


Busbequius1  "Epistles." — Can  you  inform  me 
if  the  following  has  been  translated  into  English  ? 
A.  G.  Busbequii  Legationis  Turcicce  epistolce  qua' 
tuor,  &c.  The  work  is  written  in  good  Latin,  and 
an  entertaining  style  ;  and  contains  an  account  of 
the  author's  experiences  in  Turkey  in  1554,  and 
some  following  years.  My  copy  is  Oxford,  1660. 

B.  H.  C. 

[This  work  was  translated  by  N.  Tate,  and  published 
in  1694  with  the  following  title :  "  The  Four  Epistles  of 
A.  G.  Busbequins,  concerning  his  Embassy  into  Turkey ; 
being  Remarks  upon  Religion,  Customs,  Riches,  Strength, 
and  Government  of  that  People :  as  also  a  Description  of 
their  Chief  Cities  and  Places  of  Trade  and  Commerce.  To 
which  is  added,  his  Advice  how  to  manage  War  against 
the  Turks.  Done  into  English."  London:  12mo.,  1694.] 

Hinchliffe,  Bishop  of  Peterborough.  —  Any 
gentleman,  who  can  communicate  particulars  of 
Dr.  Hinchliffe,  Bp.  of  Peterborough,  beyond  those 
to  be  found  in  the  Cole  MSS.  and  the  biogra- 
phical dictionaries,  or  who  can  tell  of  any  extant 
portrait  of  him  published  or  otherwise,  will  much 
oblige  by  addressing  the  information  to  "  N.  &  Q.," 
or  (if  too  long)  to  M.  P.,  Post  Office,  Wandsworth, 
Surrey. 

tOur  correspondent  may  consult  the  Georgian  Era, 
,  i.  p.  508. ;  and  Britton's  Hist,  of  Peterborough  Cathe- 
dral ;  but  the  account  of  the  Bishop  in  the  latter  is  copied 
from  the  Gentleman's  Mag.,  vol.  Ixiv.  pt.  i.  pp.  93.  99.  A 
portrait  of  the  Bishop  is  noticed  in  Musgrave's  Collec- 
tion of  Portraits,  ix.  4. ;  also  of  his  wife  and  daughters, 
ix.  9.] 

Richard  Lovelace.  —  The  admirable  Colonel 
Lovelace,  author  of  those  spirit-stirring  lines,  To 
Althea  in  Prison,  has  been  the  subject  of  some 
correspondence  in  "  X.  &  Q."  I  am  by  no  means 
sure  as  to  the  ultimate  fate  of  this  brave  man. 
Where  were  his  remains  interred,  if  he  died  in 
confinement  here  ?  A.  S. 

[In  1648  Lovelace  returned  to  England,  and  upon  his 
arrival  in  London  was  committed  prisoner  to  Peterhouse, 
where  he  amused  himself  with  arranging  and  committing 
his  poems  to  the  press.  After  the  death  of  Charles  I.  he 
was  set  at  liberty,  but  found  himself  in  the  world  without 
the  means  of  support,  and  reduced  to  such  a  hopeless  con- 
dition, that  "he  grew  very  melancholy  (which  brought 
him  into  a  consumption),  became  very  poor  in  body  and 
purse,  was  the  object  of  charity,  went  in  ragged  clothes 
(whereas,  when  he  was  in  his  glory,  he  wore  cloth  of  gold 
and  silver),  and  mostly  lodged  in  obscure  and  dirty  places, 
more  befitting  the  worst  of  beggars,"  &c.  In  this  sad  re- 
verse of  fortunes  did  this  gallant  and  spirited  being  linger 
out  his  wretched  existence  until  1658.  He  expired  at 
very  mean  lodgings  in  Gunpowder  Alley,  near  Shoe  Lane, 
and  was  buried  at  the  west  end  of  St.  Bride's  Church, 
Fleet  Street.  Wood's  Athence  (Bliss),  vol.  iii.  p.  460.] 

Hazlitfs  Essay  on  Will-making. ,—  I  cannot 
find  the  above  essay  in  any  edition  of  the  collected 
works  of  Hazlitt.  Can  any  of  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  tell  me  where  the  essay  is  to  be  found  ? 

B.  M.  Y. 

[It  will  be  found  in  Hazlitfs  Talk-Talk,  vol.  i.  p.  171., 
edit.  1845.] 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


"Lives  of  Alchymistical  Philosophers" — Will 
some  reader  kindly  state  who  is  the  author  of  the 
piece  (pp.  293 — 297.)  in  the  Lives  of  Alchymis- 
tical Philosophers,  8vo.,  1815,  or  whence  the 
extract  in  question  was  made  ?  ANON. 

[The  article  is  evidently  written  by  the  editor  of  this 
anonymous  work,  Francis  Barrett,  Professor  (as  he  styles 
himself)  of  Chemistry,  Natural  and  Occult  Philosophy, 
&c.,  and  author  of  The  Magus,  or  Celestial  Intelligencer, 
4to.,  1801.] 

"  Ex  quovis  ligno  non  fit  Mercurius." — ^The  fol- 
lowing sentence  I  have  just  noticed  in  Apuleius  : 

"Non  enim  ex  omni  ligno,  ut  Pythagoras  dicebat, 
debet  Mercurius  exsculpi." — De  Magia  Oratio. 

The  common  proverb,  "Ex  quovis  ligno  non 
fit  Mercurius,"  is  generally  taken  I  think  to  mean, 
that  you  cannot  make  a  genius  out  of  a  block- 
head ;  but  the  quotation  I  have  given  quite  does 
away  with  this  application,  and  shows  that  it  is  a 
saying  with  a  mystical  meaning  which  wants  illus- 
tration. Will  some  of  your  readers  furnish  it  ? 

WILLIAM  FBASEE,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

[For  an  explanation  of  this  sentence  we  cannot  do 
better  than  quote  the  comment  of  the  Delphin  edition  on 
this  passage:  "Plin.  lib.  xvi.  'Quidam  superstitiosius 
exquirunt  materiam,  unde  numen  exsculpant ;  et,  quan- 
quam  Priapus  ille  Deus  facilis  et  crassus  baud  gravatur 
ficulnus  esse,  non  tamen  idem  liceat  in  Mercurio,  Deo  tarn 
ingenioso,  totque  prsedito  artibus.'  Proverbium  est :  '  Non 
ex  quolibet  ligno  Mercurius.'  De  quo  vide  Erasmum,  in 
Chiliad."] 

Mummy.  —  In  some  MS.  poems  of  an  author 
who  will  date  back  230  years,  which  I  am  endea- 
vouring to  decypher,  I  find  an  allusion  made  to 
the  importation  of  "  mummy "  into  this  country. 
It  is  conjectured  to  have  been  whole  or  part  of  the 
bodies  of  such  as  now  pass  under  the  name  of 
"  Egyptian  mummies."  In  early  times,  when  the 
medical  art  was  in  a  kind  of  superstitious  state,  it 
seems  to  have  been  believed  that  certain  portions 
of  the  animal,  as  the  heart,  liver,  lungs,  &c.,  were 
good  _to  be  applied  in  corresponding  diseases 
afflicting  the  human  subject,  and  hence  "  mummy 
pills "  and  "  boluses "  are  said  to  have  been  re- 
sorted to  for  cures.  Again,  "  mummy  "  is  asserted 
to  have  been  a  species  of  gum  brought  from  the 
East,  also  anciently  used  for  medicinal  purposes. 
As  opinions  are  various,  contradictory,  and  doubt- 
ful, if  any  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  can  give 
me  some  precise  notices  on  any  of  the  foregoing 
points,  it  would  be  esteemed  a  favour.  G.  if. 

[See  Nares's  Glossary,  and  the  authorities  there  quoted, 
for  an  excellent  article  on  the  medicinal  use  of  mummy; 
also  the  extract  from  Dr.  Hill's  Materia  Medico,  quoted  in 
Johnson's  Dictionary,  s.  p.] 


toqpttat, 

AONIO   PALEARIO. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  384.  406.) 

It  may  possibly  be  of  some  service  to  ME. 
BABINGTON'S  inquiry,  whether  there  be  any  earlier 
edition  of  the  Trattate  utilissimo  del  Beneficio  di 
Giesu  Cristo  crocifisso  verso  i  Crestiani,  than  that 
in  the  library  of  St.  John's  Coll.  Cambridge, 
Venetiis  apud  Bernardinum  de  Bindoni,  1543,  to 
know  that  there  recently  existed  another  copy  of 
the  original  Italian,  and  a  Sclavonic  version  of  it 
by  Primus  Truber.  They  appeared  in  a  MS. 
catalogue,  and  subsequently  in  a  printed  sale 
catalogue  of  the  private  collection  of  Barthol. 
Kapitar,  one  of  the  imperial  librarians  at  Vienna. 
After  his  death,  the  Austrian  government  pur- 
chased the  whole  collection,  and  presented  it  to 
the  college  library  at  Laybach  in  Carniola.  If 
upon  inquiry  this  should  be  found  to  be  an  earlier 
edition,  it  might  tend  to  clear  up  the  point  of 
authorship.  I  owe  this  information  to  the  late 
Richard  Garnett  of  the  British  Museum,  who 
himself  possessed  a  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  the 
English  version.  I  know  of  no  traces  of  the 
Spanish  translation  inserted  in  the  Index. 

The  authority  for  the  immense  circulation  of 
the  Italian,  during  the  years  1543—1548,  40,000 
in  six  years,  is  P.  P.  Vergerio.  It  is  quoted  in  a 
communication  I  made  to  L'JEco  di  Savonarola, 
printed  in  the  number  for  August  this  year, 
p.  118.;  and  may  be  now,  not  unsuitably,  re- 
peated here.  The  passage  is  found  in  — 

"  II  Catalogo  de  libri,  li  quali  nvovamente  nel  mese  di 
Maggio  nell'  anno  presente  M.D.XLVIII.  sono  stati  condan- 
nati,  et  scomunicati  per  heretici.  Da  M.  Giouan  della 
casa  legato  di  Venetia  et  d'  alcuni  frati.  E'  aggivnto  sopra 
il  medesimo  catalogo  vn  iudicio  et  discorso  del  Vergerio." 

At  sig.  G.  V.  are  these  remarks  : 

"  Segue  questo  benedetto  Catalogo,  et  dice,  il  benefitio 
di  Cristo,  et  di  sotto  vi  sono  queste  parole.  Vn  libro  cosi 
intitolato,  sono  accorti,  et  hanno  voluto  dicchiarire,  che 
non  condannano  immediate  quel  beneficio  che  . .  .  Christo 
fece  agli  eletti  suoi  morendo  in  croce,  ma  il  libro.  Et  che 
differentia  e  condannar  quel  istesso  benefitio,  o  condan- 
nare  vn  dolce  libricino,  che  ci  mostra,  et  ci  insegna  a 
conoscer  quel  benefitio  ?  Or  di  questo  libro  ascoltate,  o  & 
buono,  o  e  triste,  per  che  ne  hanno  prima  lasciati  vender 
XL  mille,  che  tanti  io  so,  che  da  sei  anni  in  qua  ne  sono 
stati  stampati  et  venduti  in  Venetia  sola,  perche  hanno 
lasciato  andar  attorno  tanta  quantita  di  tosico  di  anime 
(secondo  loro)." 

There  are  two  editions :  one  of  Pisa,  and  Flo- 
rence, 1849  ;  being  Italian  translations  of  Mr. 
Ayre's  English,  published  within  three  months  of 
each  other.  If  not  different  translations,  they 
vary  in  the  language  in  many  places  from  each 
other. 

It  appears  by  Morgan  Crowe's  Catalogue  of 
Manuscripts  and  Rare  Books  in  the  Library  of 
St.  Johns  Coll.,  Cambridge,  that  the  copies  of 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


Palearlo's  Treatise,  and  other  books  of  a  similar 
class,  were  deposited  there  by  Signore  Antonio 
Ferrari,  a  Neapolitan  gentleman.  Those  persons  j 
who  may  be  fortunate  enough  to  come  into  pos- 
session of  ME.  BABIKGTON'S  fac-simile  reprints, 
may  naturally  wish  to  know  something  about  Sig. 
Fei'rari,  whose  care  and  foresight  have  preserved 
these  curious  little  volumes,  as  it  were  for  them, 
perhaps  for  the  purpose  that  they  might  again  be 
brought  to  light  by  an  editor  who  loved  the 
labour.  B.  B.  W. 


I  have  looked  into  Hallbauer's  Life  of  Paleario, 
and  am  sorry  to  inform  MB.  BABINGTON  that  it 
contains  nothing  which  would  assist  him  in  ascer- 
taining with  more  exactness  the  date  of  his  quit- 
ting the  Siennese.  In  fact,  the  whole  treatise  is 
remarkably  destitute  of  dates,  and  almost  all  the 
references  for  the  events  of  his  life  are  to  his 
works,  and  particularly  to  his  third  speech,  or 
that  in  his  own  defence.  The  following  are  Hall- 
bauer's words,  for  which  he  makes  two  references 
to  that  speech  : 

"  Interim  quum  Senis  nihil  sibi  tutum  videret,  Romam 
avolavit,  ibique  Bellantis  monitu  ob  incredibilem  sceles- 
tissimorum  contra  se  conspirationem,  per  aliquos  menses 
haesit." 


Dublin. 


ROBINSON    CRUSOE. 


(Vol.  x.,  p.  345.) 

I  possess  a  book  which  I  conjecture  to  be  now 
rather  scarce,  which,  if  MR.  SCOTT  be  not  already 
aware  of  it,  might  assist  his  investigations  in  Ro- 
binson Crusoe.  It  is  entitled,  — 

"  Providence  Displayed,  or  the  remarkable  Adventures 
of  Alexander  Selkirk,  of  Largo,  in  Scotland,  who  lived 
four  years  and  four  months  by  himself  in  the  Island  of 
Juan  Fernandez,  from  whence  he  returned  with  Captain 
Woodes  Rogers,  of  Bristol,  and  on  whose  Adventures  was 
founded  the  celebrated  novel  of  '  Robinson  Crusoe,'  &c.,  by 
Isaac  James.  Bristol,  printed  by  Biggs  and  Cottle,  1800. 
8m,  pp.  194." 

"  I  began,"  says  this  author,  "  to  collect  materials  for 
Mr.  Selkirk's  history,  Sept.  3,  1792,  and  my  success  has 
exceeded  the  expectation  I  then  had  ;  nevertheless,  if  any 
of  my  readers  can  communicate  any  additional  informa- 
tion, I  shall  feel  myself  much  obliged  to  them  for  it,"  &c. 

After  having  given  what  he  considers  the  whole 
true  narratives  of  Selkirk's  foreign  adventures, 
and  various  accounts  of  him  "  soon  after  his  ar- 
rival in  England  in  the  year  1711,"  he  mentions 
at  p.  152.  : 

"  I  shall  now  give  the  sentiments  of  a  few  authors  upon 
this  subject  (Robinson  Crusoe,  publication  of  first  volume 
in  April  1719,  of  second  August  following;  and  in  Au- 
gust 1720,  Serious  Reflections,  §•<;.),  from  which  it  will 
appear  that  even  De  Foe  has  not  always  been  thought  the 
author  of  Crusoe." 


The  authorities  quoted  are,  — 

"  1.  Entick,  Naval  History,  1757.  2.  Biographia  Bri- 
tannica,  1766.  3.  Watson,  Hist,  of  Halifax,  1775.  4.  Dr. 
Beattie,  Dissertations,  Moral  and  Critical,  1783.  5.  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  March  1788,  letter  under  sig.  of 
W.  W.  6.  Chalmers's  Life  of  De  Foe,  1790." 

Authority  5.  is  much  of  the  same  tenor  as  the 
"  Mem.  July  10,  1774,"  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  on 
which  letter  Mr.  James  remarks  : 

"  It  is  certain  the  Earl  (of  Oxford)  was  in  possession  of 
Selkirk's  history,  the  pamphlet  called  Providence  Dis- 
played being  preserved  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany." 

Mr.  James  does  not  appear  to  pass  any  judg- 
ment as  to  the  authorship  of  Crusoe.  It  seems  to 
me,  after  carefully  reading  all  the  different  ex- 
tracts produced,  that  the  preponderance  of  evi- 
dence would  lie  in  favour  of  De  Foe,  and  that 
unless  a  new  ray  of  light  can  be  struck  out  from 
some  hidden  corner,  he  must  continue  to  wear  the 
honour. 

The  author  had  taken  some  pains  in  1794, 
through  the  Rev.  Mr.  Spence  Oliphant  of  Largo, 
and  the  Rev.  Greville  Ewing  (then  Minister  of 
Lady  Glenorchy's  chapel  in  Edinburgh,  and  lat- 
terly Independent  Minister  in  Glasgow),  to  collect 
particulars  as  to  Selkirk  when  he  last  resided  at 
Largo  *,  from  which  he  had  made  rather  a  clan- 
destine elopement  to  avoid,  at  the  instance  of  the 
Kirk  Session,  appearing  before  the  congregation 
on  the  place  of  public  penitence,  for  having  un- 
mercifully beaten  a  boy  who  broke  two  "  earthen 
vessels  "  fetching  water  to  him.  His  friends  then 
living  "  understood  he  was  much  about  Bristol 
and  Liverpool."  A  woman  from  England,  sup- 
posed to  be  his  widow,  subsequently  appeared  at 
Largo  to  claim  some  of  his  patrimonial  inherit- 
ance. 

"  John  Selkirk,  a  weaver  hi  Largo  in  1794,  was  in  pos- 
session of  the  gun  and  chest  which  his  great-uncle  brought 
from  Juan  Fernandez.  They  also  had  a  drinking-cup  of 
cocoa-nut  shell  tipped  with  silver,  which  had  been  his 
property ;  but  the  silver  is  now  gone,  and  the  cup  only 
remains." 
The  author  concludes : 

"Thus  unfortunately  ends  the  history  of  Alexander 
Selkirk,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  recover  materials 
strictly  true.  By  his  last  adventure  he  verified  the  truth 
of  his  own  remark  to  Steele,' '  That  he  was  never  so  happy 
as  when  he  was  not  worth  a  far -thing. .'  " 

May  I  add  a  Query  to  the  foregoing?  Are 
there  any  particulars  known  when  and  where 
Selkirk  died  and  was  buried  ?  In  making  searches 
it  should  be  under  the  names  of  Selkirk,  Selcrag, 
or  Selcraig.  «•  -N- 

If  Lord  Oxford  wrote  the  first  part  of  Robinson 
Crusoe,  he  must  have  been  a  diligent  student  and 
successful  imitator  not  only  of  De  Foe's  style,  but 

[*  Notices  respecting  Alexander  Selkirk,  from  the 
parish  registers  of  Largo  in  Fife,  will  be  found  in  Collet's 
Relics  of  Literature,  p.  341.] 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


of  his  trains  of  thought.  Continuations  are  pro- 
verbially inferior  to  first  parts  ;  but  were  the 
printer  of  Robinson  Crusoe  to  make  no  distinction, 
though  the  interest  might  be  thought  to  flag  to- 
wards the  conclusion,  I  think  few  readers  would 
agree  upon  the  place  where  the  inferiority  begins. 

I  have  no  doubt  that  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Hol- 
loway  faithfully  repeated  what  Lord  Sunderland 
told  him.  He  was,  as  Dr.  Warton  says,  "  a  grave 
conscientious  clergyman."  He  was  a  Hutchin- 
sonian,  —  a  class  of  theologians  then  famous,  but  I 
believe  now  extinct ;  and  set  forth  their  manner  of 
interpretation  in  Originals,  Letter  and  Spirit,  and 
other  works,  marvels  of  labour,  erudition,  and  per- 
verseness.  He  was  also  a  tolerable  artist.  I  have 
a  pencil  copy  by  him  of  a  portrait  of  Cardinal 
Wolsey,  very  fairly  done.  He  was  godfather  to 
my  grandmother,  who  delighted  in  repeating 
anecdotes  of  him,  Dr.  Warton,  and  Mr.  Hawkins, 
the  professor  of  poetry  at  Oxford,  who  were  fre- 
quent guests  at  my  grandfather's  house  near 
Bicester.  In  me  she  found  a  willing  listener,  but 
as  she  died  when  I  was  about  nine  years  old,  I 
had  not  then  learned  to  "  make  a  Note,"  and  the 
good  things  which  they  said,  and  the  epigrams 
which  they  wrote,  have  faded  from  my  memory. 
One  story,  suited  to  my  age,  remains,  and  it  will 
show  that  Mr.  Holloway  was  somewhat  credulous. 

At  the  end  of  my  grandfather's  orchard  was  a 
dilapidated  and  haunted  summer-house.  On  the 
eve  of  St.  Barnabas,  Mr.  Holloway,  in  his  full  ca- 
nonicals, with  four  wax  candles,  four  books,  the 
parish  constable,  a  man-servant,  and  the  cook, 
went  out  at  half-past  eleven  to  meet  the  ghost. 
Some  neighbours  were  in  the  house,  and  one  or 
two  offered  to  join  him ;  but  he  chose  his  followers, 
and  would  not  allow  the  party  to  exceed  four. 
Though  a  whist  player,  he  refused  his  rubber  in 
the  evening,  and  insisted  that  cards  should  not  be 
used  that  night.  The  man  had  a  blunderbuss,  but 
was  obliged  reluctantly  to  leave  it  at  the  house. 
A  slight  thunderstorm  came  on.  The  constable 
and  man  ran  back  to  the  house,  and  could  not  be 
persuaded  to  return  ;  but  the  cook  was  firm,  and 
said,  "she  was  afraid  of  no  man,  and  Parson  Hol- 
loway was  a  match  for  the  devil  any  day."  They 
waited  till  one.  The  ghost  did  not  come. 

Strange  stories  were  told  of  what  was  seen  and 
done  ;  but  Mr.  Holloway  declared,  and  was  sup- 
ported in  his  testimony  by  the  cook,  that  they 
saw  nothing  unusual.  The  summer-house  ceased 
to  be  haunted.  That  it  had  been  so  was,  I  think, 
the  opinion  of  Mr.  Holloway  and  my  grandmother, 
for  she  generally  expressed  regret  at  my  grand- 
father having  laughed  at  the'ghost,  and  gone  out 
with  a  horsewhip  to  look  for  him,  saying  "  he  was 
over-bold,  what  you  might  call  fool-hardy."  I 
cannot  fix  the  date,  but  from  various  circum- 
stances believe  it  to  have  been  between  1758  and 
1765.  II.  B.C. 


In  answer  to  MB.  SCOTT'S  second  Query,  I  can 
say  that  in  the  summer  of  1813  I  was  at  Largo  in 
Fifeshire,  and  was  shown  the  chest  of  Robinson 
Crusoe  (Alexander  Selkirk),  which  he  had  with 
him  on  the  island  of  Juan  Fernandez.  It  was  in 
the  possession  of  a  poor  woman  of  the  same  family, 
to  whom  it  seemed  to  have  descended  as  a  sort  of 
heir-loom.  She  had  parted  with  his  musket  to 
the  laird  of  the  parish  (I  think  his  name  was 
Mackenzie,  but  I  am  not  positive),  so  that  I  did 
not  see  it,  though  I  was  told  strangers  were  al- 
lowed to  do  so  upon  calling  at  the  house. 

The  chest  was  a  stout  common  seaman's  chest. 
A.  S.  was  cut  on  the  lid,  I  think,  in  several  places. 
Although  I  forget  the  narrative  that  accounted 
for  the  relic  being  where  I  saw  it,  I  had  no  doubt 
whatever  of  its  accuracy.  I  recollect  mentioning 
the  subject  to  Mrs.  Grant  of  Lurgan  (authoress  of 
Letters  from  the  Mountains,  &c.),  whom  I  met  at 
Edinburgh  soon  after,  and  that  she  was  perfectly 
satisfied  as  to  the  identity  of  the  chest. 

A.  W.  DAVIS,  M.D. 

Tenbury,  Worcestershire. 


THE    DIVINING    ROD. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  350.  400. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  386. ;  Vol.  x., 
pp.  18.  155.) 

As  this  subject  appears  to  possess  interest  for 
some  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  perhaps  the 
following  desultory  memoranda  may  not  be  un- 
acceptable, in  continuation  of  the  articles  which 
have  already  appeared. 

About  the  year  1780  great  excitement  was  pro- 
duced in  the  south  of  France  by  the  extraordinary 
power  of  discovering,  or  divining,  subterranean 
springs  and  waters,  manifested  by  a  poor  herds- 
man of  Bouvantes  in  the  province  of  Dauphiny, 
named  Antoine  Bleton.  These  marvellous  talents 
were  soon  put  into  requisition,  and  Bleton  speedily 
acquired  great  fame  by  his  numerous  discoveries 
of  water,  by  which  the  estates  of  many  who  em- 
ployed him  were  enriched.  He  shortly  attracted 
the  notice  of  a  well-known  savant,  M.  Thouvenel, 
who  devoted  a  pamphlet  to  a  relation  and  inves- 
tigation of  the  facts  which  had  come  beneath  his 
notice ;  it  was  entitled,  — 

"  Me'moire  Physique  et  Me'dicinale,  montrant  les  rap- 
ports e'videns  entre  les  Phe'nomenes  de  la  Baguette  Di- 
vinatoire,  du  Magnetisme,  et  de  I'Electricit^,  avec  des 
Eclaircissements  sur  d'autres  Objets,  non  moins  importans, 
qui  sont  relatifs,  par  M.  T  .  .  .  .  (Thouvenel).  12mo., 
Paris,  1781." 

Three  years  later  M.  Thouvenel,  whose  adherence 
to  Bletonisme  had  drawn  upon  him  a  host  of  an- 
tagonists, published  a  Seconds  Memoirs  Physique 
et  Medicinale,  Sfc.,  8vo.,  Paris,  1784,  a  pamphlet 
replete  with  interesting  and  important  matter, 
among  which  will  be  found  a  summary  of  the 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


discussion,  the  affidavits  by  which  the  alleged 
discoveries  of  Bleton  were  authenticated,  and  a 
most  curious  narrative  of  the  excursions  made  by 
M.  Thouvenel,  with  Bleton  and  another  person 
similarly  endowed,  as  his  assistants,  in  pursuance 
of  a  commission  from  the  king,  to  analyse  the  mi- 
neral and  medicinal  waters  of  France.  These  two 
pamphlets,  from  their  minuteness  of  detail,  and 
the  impartial  and  philosophical,  tone  which  ap- 
pears to  characterise  the  discussion,  are  perhaps 
the  most  curious  and  valuable  which  have  yet  ap- 
peared on  the  subject.  They  are  not  readily  to 
be  met  with ;  but  an  abstract  of  their  contents, 
and  some  review  of  the  controversy,  will  be  found 
in  the  Monthly  Review,  vols,  Ixv.  Ixvii.  and  Ixxi. 
They  are  also  noticed  in  The  Lounger  s  Common- 
Place  Book,  articles  "  Bleton  "  and  "  Virgula  Di- 
vinatoria." 

About  the  year  1690,  a  power  was  attributed 
to  the  divining  rod,  which  till  then  it  had  not 
been  held  to  possess.  A  poor  mason  of  Saint- 
Veran,  also  in  Dauphiny,  asserted  that  with  his 
"  baguette  de  coudrier  "  he  could  not  only  dis- 
cover water  and  metals,  but  also  "  les  malefices, 
les  voleurs,  et  les  assassins."  The  fullest  narra- 
tive of  his  proceedings  will  be  found  in  a  pamphlet 
by  a  M.  de  Vagny,  procureur  du  roi,  at  Grenoble. 
This  is  entitled,  — 

"  Histoire  mcrveilleuse  d'un  macon,  qui,  conduit  par  la 
baguette  divinatoire,  a  suivi  un  meurtrier  pendant  45 
heures  sur  la  terre,  et  plus  de  30  heures  sur  1'eau." 

The  illustrious  Mallebranche  became  implicated 
in  the  controversy  which  ensued ;  some  details 
respecting  which  will  be  found  in  the  Recreations 
in  Mathematical  and  Natural  Philosophy  of  Oza- 
nam,  translated  by  Hutton,  1st  edit.  vol.  iv.  p.  260. 
See  also  Biographic  Universelle,  torn.  i.  p.  350. 
(Aimar-Vernai). 

The  Abbe  de  Vallemont,  a  man  enjoying  a 
reputation  for  some  erudition,  was  inclined  to 
favour  the  pretensions  of  Aimar,  and  published 
a  pamphlet  in  their  defence,  entitled  — 

"  La  Physique  occulte,  ou  Traite  de  la  baguette  divina- 
toire, et  de  son  utilite  pour  la  decouverte  des  sources 
d'eau,  des  minieres,  des  tresors  cache's,  des  voleurs,  et  des 
meurtriers  fugitifs,"  &c.,  1693,  12mo.  (republished  after- 
wards at  Amsterdam,  1696,  Paris,  1709,  and  La  Have, 
1722-47,  2  vols.  12mo.) 

This,  a  curious  but  unsatisfactory  performance, 
was  speedily  attacked  and  its  theory  demolished 
by  a  more  learned  man,  Pierre  Lebrun,  of  the 
Oratory.  His  work  is  entitled,  — 

"  Lettres  qui  de'couvrent  1'illusion  des  Philosophes  sur 
la  Baguette,  et  qui  detruisent  leurs  systemes.  1693, 
12mo." 

This  treatise  is  entirely  recast,  and  considerably 
augmented,  in  a  subsequent  publication  : 

"  Histoire  critique  des  pratiques  superstitieuses  qui  ont 
seduit  les  peuples,  et  enibarrasse  les  savants,  avec  la 


Methode,  et  les  Principes  pour  discerner  les  effets  na- 
turels  d'avec  ceux  qui  ne  le  sont  pas.  12mo.,  1702." 

A  well- authenticated  narrative  is  to  be  found  in 
the  Quarterly  Revieiv,  vol.  xxii.  p.  373.,  to  the  effect 
that  a  certain  Lady  N.  (Noel)  having  witnessed  the 
successful  efforts  of  a  peasant  to  discover  a  spring  to 
supply  a  chateau  in  Provence,  where  she  happened 
to  be  staying,  became  aware  that  she  was  endowed 
with  the  same  faculty  herself.  When  Dr.  Hutton 
published  in  1803  his  translation  of  Ozanam's  Ma- 
thematical Recreations,  where  the  belief  is  treated 
as  absurd,  she  wrote  a  long  letter  to  him  contain- 
ing a  narrative  of  her  own  experiences.  At  Dr. 
Button's  request  she  visited  him  at  Woolwich, 
and  discovered  a  spring  in  a  field  which  he  had 
lately  purchased.  She  afterwards  showed  the  ex- 
periment to  others,  but  rather  wished  to  conceal 
her  mystic  power,  from  the  fear  of  the  imputation 
of  witchcraft  or  imposture.  To  this  the  reviewer 
adds,  — 

"  The  fact,  however,  of  the  discover}'  of  water  being 
effected  by  it  (the  divining  rod),  when  held  in  the  hand 
of  certain  persons,  seems  indubitable." 

This  story  is  also  quoted  in  Sketches  of  Imposture, 
Deception,  and  Credulity,  p.  310. 

In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  (vol.  xxii.  p.  77.) 
is  an  account  of  an  experiment  made  by  the  ce- 
lebrated Linnaaus  to  test  the  alleged  efficacy  of 
the  rod ;  and  with  such  satisfactory  results  that 
the  botanist  is  reported  to  have  said  "  that  such 
another  experiment  would  be  sufficient  to  make  a 
proselyte  of  him." 

An  account  of  an  unsuccessful  trial  made  by 
Lilly  the  astrologer,  to  discover  hidden  treasure 
by  the  hazel  rod,  will  be  found  in  the  History  of 
his  Life  and  Times,  by  that  worthy,  p.  32. 

A  tract  recently  published, — 

"  Narrative  of  Practical  Experiments,  proving  to  De- 
monstration the  Discovery  of  Water,  Coals,  and  Minerals 
in  the  Earth,  by  means  of  the  Dowsing  Fork,  or  Divining 
Rod,  &c.,  collected,  reported,  and  edited  by  Francis 
Phippen."  London,  12mo.,  Hardwicke,  1853,  pp.  24. 

appears  to  merit  attention  as  a  calm  and  truthful 
statement  of  facts. 

Billingsley,  in  his  Agricultural  Survey  of  the 
County  of  Somerset  (Bath,  8vo.,  1797),  also 'speaks 
of  the  faith  held  in  that  county,  by  the  Mendip 
miners,  in  the  efficacy  of  the  divining  rod : 

"  The  general  method  of  discovering  the  situation  and 
direction  of  these  seams  of  ore  (which  lie  at  various 
depths,  from  five  to  twenty  fathoms,  in  a  chasm  between 
two  benches  of  solid  rock)  is  by  the  help  of  the  divining 
rod,  vulgarly  called  josing ;  and  a  variety  of  strong  testi- 
monies are  "adduced  in  supporting  this  doctrine.  _  Most 
rational  people,  however,  give  but  little  credit  to  it,  and 
consider  the  whole  as  a  trick.  Should  the  fact  be  al- 
lowed, it  is  difficult  to  account  for  it ;  and  the  influence 
of  the  mines  on  the  hazel  rod  seems  to  partake  so  much 
of  the  marvellous,  as  almost  entirely  to  exclude  the 
operation  of  known  and  natural  agents.  So  confident, 
however,  are  the  common  miners  of  the  efficacy,  that 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


they  scarce  ever  sink  a  shaft  hut  hy  its  direction ;  and 
those  who  are  dexterous  in  the  use  of  it  will  mark  on  the 
surface  the  course  and  breadth  of  the  vein ;  and  after  that, 
with  the  assistance  of  the  rod,  will  follow  the  same  course 
twenty  times  following,  blindfold."  —  P.  23. 

M.  Thouvenel  arrived  at  the  conviction  that  the 
phenomena  of  the  divining  rod  were  attributable 
to  magnetism  or  electricity ;  a  similar  opinion  is 
also  formed  by  M.  Formey,  secretary  of  the  Aca- 
demy of  Berlin,  in  his  article  on  the  subject  in 
the  Dictionnaire  Encyclopedique.  It  appears  that 
Bleton  became  aware  of  the  presence  of  water, 
&c.,  by  an  internal  "  commotion,"  as  he  termed  it, 
and  was  in  no  way  dependent  for  the  discovery 
upon  the  "  electrometrical  caduceus,"  the  virgula, 
laculus,  or  hazel  rod,  which  from  the  time  of 
Moses  and  the  Chaldaaan  soothsayers,  to  that  of 
Sidrophel  and  Dousterswivel,  cuts  so  important  a 
figure  in  the  modus  agendi. 

So  also  the  Zahories  of  Spain,  to  whom  is 
ascribed  the  same  faculty  of  discovering  hidden 
•water  without  the  agency  of  the  rod ;  together 
with  a  keenness  of  percipiency  not  possessed  by 
others.  Upon  this  the  Quarterly  Review  re- 
marks : 

"Rejecting,  however,  the  supernatural  powers  of  vision 
which  have  been  ascribed  to  them,  and  in  which  children 
born  on  Good  Friday  are  also  believed  to  share,  it  is  not 
unlikely  but  that  by  long  experience,  and  attending  to 
indications  which  escape  the  less  experienced  eye,  they 
may  be  able  to  give  a  tolerable  guess  at  the  existence  of 
subterraneous  waters.  Something  similar  is  told  of  the 
Arabs  of  the  Desert  by  a  modern  traveller,  who  says  that 
they  have  an  uncommon  facility  in  discovering  distant 
wells  by  atmospherical  or  other  signs,  which  do  not  affect 
the  senses  of  an  European." — Vol.  xi.  p.  264. 

It  would  seem,  on  the  other  hand,  that  the  rod 
itself  has  been  held  to  possess  independent  powers, 
and  to  be  able  to  make  the  discovery  without  the 
intervention  of  the  human  operator.  The  follow- 
ing instructions  are  given  in  a  rare  chap-book,  to 
make  — 

"  The  Mosaic  Wand  to  find  hidden  Treasure.  —  Cut  a 
hazel  wand  forked  at  the  upper  end  like  a  Y.  Peel  off 
the  rhine,  and  dry  it  in  a  moderate  heat ;  then  steep  it  in 
the  juice  of  wake-robin  or  nightshade,  and  cut  the  single 
lower  end  sharp,  and  where  you  suppose  any  rich  mine  or 
hidden  treasure  is  near,  place  a  piece  of  the  same  mettal 
you  conceive  is  hid,  or  in  the  earthe,  to  the  top  of  one  of 
the  forks  by  a  hair,  or  very  fine  silk  or  thread,  and  do  the 
like  to  the  other  end;  pitch  the  sharp  single  end  lightly 
to  the  ground,  at  the  going  down  of  the  sun,  the  moone 
being  in  the  encrease,  and  in  the  morning  at  sun-rise,  by 
a  natural  sympathy,  you  will  find  the  mettal  inclining, 
as  it  were  pointing  to  the  places  where  the  other  is  hid." 
—  The  Shepherd's  Kalendar,  or  the  Citizen  and  Country- 
man's daily  Companion,  12mo.,  London  ;  p.  61. 

WILLIAM  BATES. 
Birmingham. 

(To  be  continued.) 


BIOGRAPHICAL   DICTIONARY   OF   LIVING   AUTHORS. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  220.  313.331.) 

A  work  of  this  kind  is  a  desideratum  in  our 
literature.  In  my  opinion,  it  should  be  a  bare 
statement  of  facts,  without  any  other  pretensions 
than  as  a  faithful  record,  leaving  posterity  to 
award  whatever  praise  or  censure  may  be  in  store 
for  future  critics  and  biographers.  In  the  com- 
pilation of  the  work  mentioned  by  MR.  BATES, 
and  ascribed  by  him  to  Mr.  Upcott,  there  must 
have  been  more  than  one  writer  concerned  :  for 
the  Dedication  to  the  Prince  Regent  is  subscribed 
by  "  The  Editors."  MR.  CORNET  is  therefore 
likely  to  be  accurately  informed  on  this  head,  as 
he  is  well  known  to  be  on  most  subjects  of  biblio- 
graphical research.  I  doubt  if  Mr.  Upcott  was 
acquainted  with  German  literature,  to  which  re- 
ference is  made  in  the  Bibliog.  Diet. ;  while  it  is 
well  known  that  Mr.  Shoberl  was  a  veteran  in 
that  language,  from  which  he  translated  very 
many  works.  Oxon. 

I  have  an  interleaved  copy  of  this  of  1816,  in 
which,  opposite  to  the  name  of  John  Watkins,  a 
former  proprietor  has  written  "  The  Author  of 
this  book."  The  Literary  Memoirs  of  Living 
Authors,  1798,  is,  upon  the  good  authority  of 
Mr.  Chalmers,  the  compilation  of  the  "  Rev.  David 
Rivers,  a  dissenting  minister  at  Highgate;"  which 
is  confirmed  by  his  passing  his  own  name  and 
works  without  a  word  of  comment.  J.  O. 


All  that  is  found  in  the  advertisement  of  my 
copy  is  — 

"  It  is  evident  that  the  idea  of  this  undertaking  has 
been  derived  from  a  Catalogue  of  Five  Hundred  Living 
Authors,  published  about  ten  years  ago." 

This  passage  I  had  seen;  but  my  object  was  to 
state  what  I  knew  from  actual  inspection,  and  to 
induce  others  to  do  the  same.  I  could  have  got 
more  works  from  Watt,  and  I  might  have  men- 
tioned various  French  works,  the  German  work 
cited  by  the  compiler  of  1816,  &c.  I  suspect  the  list 
would  not  be  very  brief. 

Your  correspondent  has  the  work  he  mentions 
before  him,  as  is  evident  from  the  precise  form  of 
his  statement.  Watt  mentions  the  following  work : 

"  Marshall.  Characters  of  500  Authors  of  Great  Britain, 
now  living.  London,  1788.  8vo." 

Those  who  compare  this  title  with  that  given  by 
B.  L.  A.,  will  either  suspect  Watt  of  much  inac- 
curacy, or  will  conclude  that  there  must  have 
been  a  run  of  such  works  at  the  period  mentioned. 
This  is  among  the  points  to  be  settled.  Again, 
there  are  the  dictionaries  of  living  artists,  of  musi- 
cians, &c.,  of  which  several  are  mentioned :  and 
also  the  satirical  dictionaries  —  such  as  the  Glorie 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


degli  incogniti,  Venice,  1647,  4to.,  which  is  con- 
fined to  authors.  In  order  to  draw  a  line,  those 
works  only  should  be  included  which  confine 
themselves  to  living  authors  :  those  which  also 
include  deceased  authors,  may  form  a  separate 
inquiry.  If  every  person  who  has  one  such  dic- 
tionary would  describe  it  distinctly,  with  some 
short  comment  from  his  own  reading,  the  indices 
of  your  volumes  would  soon  show  a  much  better 
article  than  exists  at  present  on  the  subject.  M. 


PHOTOGBAPHJC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Collodionized  Glass  Plates  in  a  Sensitive  Condition. — The 
details  of  my  preservative  process  having  been  published 
verbally  at  the  Photographic  Society,  the  report  of  the 
same,  which  appeared  in  the  Journal,  was  nothing  more 
than  a  condensed  abstract;  consequently  it  is  not  so  easy 
for  an  operator  to  follow  out  the  principles  enunciated, 
from  merely  reading  that  report,  as  would  be  the  case 
from  having  heard  what  was  said ;  I  am  therefore  the 
more  gratified  to  find,  from  the  communication  (Vol.  x., 
p.  411.)  of  DR.  MANSELL,  which  has  just  appeared  in 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  that  he  has  singularly  followed  out  the  prin- 
ciple, though  his  modus  operandi  has  considerably  differed 
from  that  adopted  by  myself.  Amongst  astronomers,  in 
noting  the  time  of  an  occurrence,  a  quantity  is  sometimes 
taken  into  the  account  called  a  "  personal  equation," 
which  it  is  requisite  not  to  neglect  before  comparing  the 
observations  of  different  individuals.  In  like  manner 
with  photographers,  there  are  certain  peculiarities  of 
manipulation  that  each  individual  operator  naturally 
adopts  in  preference  (and  reasonably  so  far  as  he  himself 
is  concerned),  that  is  not  necessarily  the  best  that  can  be 
adopted  by  every  individual ;  but  a  principle,  if  correct, 
should  not  be  departed  from.  Now  one  of  the  chief  points 
insisted  on  by  me,  in  the  preservative  process,  was  the 
washing  away  all  but  a  mere  trace  of  free  nitrate  of  silver, 
a  portion  of  which  must  however  be  restored  previously 
to  developing  a  picture.  Now  DR.  MANSELL,  in  his 
manipulation,  has  acted  precisely  upon  this  principle; 
and  though  I  am  of  opinion  that  he  has  done  it  at  the 
expense  of  a  very  unnecessary  waste  of  syrup,  he  appears 
to  have  been  successful,  with  the  exception  of  certain 
drawbacks  to  which  he  refers:  one  of  the  two,  at  least, 
being  to  my  mind  accountable  to  the  use  of  horizontal 
instead  of  vertical  baths ;  because  there  is  a  greater  sur- 
face exposed  to  dust,  &c.,  which  is  less  easily  removed  in 
one  case  than  the  other.  I  generally  keep  my  bath  of 
distilled  water  (with  about  one  grain  nitrate  of  silver)  in 
my  operating  room,  simply  with  a  sheet  of  paper  over  it ; 
but  with  its  glass  dipper  always  immersed  in  it;  and  just 
before  operating,  I  remove  it  in  such  a  way  as,  by  a  little 
dexterity,  to  take  with  it  all  particles  of  reduced  silver, 
dust,  or  other  impurities  on  the  surface,  then  wash  and 
wipe  the  dipper  previously  to  using  it.  If  the  dipper  be 
not  kept  in  the  bath,  the  surface  impurities  will  adhere  to 
it  on  its  first  immersion,  but  will  for  the  most  part  quit 
it  again  on  its  withdrawal ;  hence  the  object  of  leaving 
the  dipper  in  the  bath.  With  the  precaution  above  stated, 
I  never  find  my  negatives  spotted,  provided  the  fault  is 
not  traceable  to  the  collodion  being  too  recently  iodized. 
With  regard  to  the  unequal  development  of  the  picture 
complained  of,  I  never  had  but  one  case ;  and  here  again 
the  vertical  bath  may  be  the  cause  of  my  success  on  this 
point,  as  the  plate  can  be  left  for  any  length  of  time, 
gravity  aiding  in  the  removal  of  the  syrup,  which  may 


be  farther  assisted  by  gently  lifting  it  up  and  down  in  the 
bath.  The  case  alluded  to,  in  which  I  did  experience  an 
unequal  development,  was  when  I  rather  hastily  pre- 
pared my  plate,  and  placed  it  in  the  sliding  frame  without 
properly  drawing  off  the  syrup  at  first.  In  all  the  above 
observations,  plates  8i  by  6£  are  alluded  to ;  I  am  there- 
fore in  hopes  that  DR.  MANSELL  will  be  kind  enough  to 
test  the  mode  of  operating  as  amended  in  Vol.  x.,  p.  372., 
and  I  am  confident  he  will  not  have  cause  to  repent  so 
doing.  I  may  as  well  remark  that,  if  practicable,  I  pre- 
fer to  keep  the  preserved  plates  either  in  a  racked  box  or 
plate-holder  in  a  horizontal  position,  with  the  collodion 
side  downward ;  placing  them  so,  as  soon  as  they  have. 
assumed  what  DR.  MANSELL  most  appositely  terms  a 
"  perfectly  nitrated  surface." 

My  principal  reason  for  washing  the  plate  in  distilled 
water  previously  to  the  application  of  the  syrup,  was  the 
experience  that  in  a  very  elevated  temperature  the  honey 
commenced  the  reduction  of  the  silver,  if  kept  long,  even 
without  exposure  to  light.  The  temperature  is  always  a 
point  of  far  greater  importance  than  is  usually  attached 
to  it.  GEO.  SHADBOLT. 


to  :$Kturr 


Dry  den  and  Addison  (Vol.  x.,  p.  423.). 
is  no  "  mistake,"  I  apprehend,  in  the  first 
' 


—  There 

,  ,  mention 

of'Dryden  in  the  lines  quoted  by  C.  from  Addison's 
versified  account  of  the  greatest  English  poets  : 

"  But  see  where  artful  Dryden  next  appears, 
Grown  old  in  rhyme,  but  charming  ev'ii  in  years  — 
Great  Dryden  7iext        ......  ' 

Does  not  the  repetition  of  the  poet's  name,  as 
nearest  in  fame  and  time  to  those  who  preceded 
him,  give  strength  and  emphasis  to  these  lines  ? 
In  this  poem,  it  is  rather  singular  how  frequently 
Addison  repeats,  as  in  the  present  instance,  in  the 
compass  of  two  or  three  lines,  the  name  of  the 
poet  of  whom  he  is  speaking.  Mark  the  following 
instances,  which,  we  must  admit,  are  prosaic 
enough  :  * 

"  The  courtly  Waller  next  commands  thy  lays  : 
Muse,  tune  thy  verse,  with  art,  to  Waller's  praise." 

"  Harmonious  Congreve        .... 
Congreve  !  whose  fancy's  unexhausted  store 
Has  given  already  much,  and  promised  more, 
Congreve  shall  still,"  &c. 
"  To  Dorset  he  directs  his  artful  Muse, 
In  numbers  such  as  Dorset's  self  might  use." 

In  confirmation  of  the  opinion  here  expressed, 
I  may  observe  that  the  second  line  doubtless  refers 
to  the  various  works  which  Dryden  gave  to  the 
world  in  his  later  years  t,  and  the  epithets  or  terms 
"artful"  and  "charming,"  used  in  the  first  two 
lines,  are  thus  adverted  to  in  the  ninth  and  tenth. 

*  Still  Bishop  Kurd  remarks,  that  the  poetry  is  better 
than  the  criticism. 

t  "  The  Account  of  the  English  Poets  "  was  written  in 
1694  ;  in  the  preceding  year,  in  a  poem  addressed  by 
Addison  to  Dryden  himself,  he  says  : 

"  Can  neither  injuries  of  time  or  age, 
Damp  thy  poetick  heat,  and  quench  thy  rage?' 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


453 


When  speaking    of  Dryden's    "  tuneful    Muse," 
Addison  says : 

"  From  her  no  harsh,  unartful  numbers  fall, 
She  wears  all  dresses,  and  she  charms  in  all." 

J.  H.  M. 

Bath. 

Major  Andre  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  111.).  —  The  follow- 
ing inscription,  copied  from  a  tombstone  in  the 
churchyard  of  Bathhampton,  near  Bath,  may  be 
useful  to  your  correspondent : 

"  Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Louisa  Catherine  Andre, 
late  of  the  Circus,  Bath :  Obit.  Dec.  25,  1835,  aged  81. 
Also  of  Mary  Hannah  Andre,  her  sister,  who  died  March  3, 
1845,  aged  93  years." 

B.  S.  ELCOCK. 

Bath. 

4 

Thomas  Fuller,  D.D.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  245.).— You 
^mention  that  a  good  life  of  this  witty  and  charm- 
ing writer  would  be  an  acquisition  to  our  biogra- 
phical literature  :  you  are  perhaps  not  aware  that 
such  a  work  has  been  done  by  the  Rev.  A.  F. 
Kussell,  Vicar  of  Caxton,  Cambridgeshire ;  and 
was  published  a  few  years  since  by  Mr.  Pickering 
under  the  title  of  Memorials  of  Thomas  Fuller, 
D.D.,  3fc.,  price  6*.  NORRIS  DECK. 

Cambridge. 

The  Poor  Voter's  Song  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  285.  350.). 
—  As  the  author  of  "  The  Poor  Voter's  Song," 
may  I  be  allowed  to  observe,  that,  in  the  tran- 
script sent  to  you  by  my  kind  friend  NEWBUBI- 
ENSIS,  there  were  two  lines  interpolated  by  the 
composer,  which  greatly  mar  the  reading  of  the 
verses,  as  will  be  evident,  if  you  will  oblige  me  by 
printing  the  following : 

The  Composer's  Version. 

"  They  judged  me  of  their  tribe, 

Who  on  dirty  Mammon  dote, 
So  they  offer'd  me  a  bribe 

For  my  vote,  boys,  vote ! 
So  they  offer'd  me  a  bribe  for  my  vote. 

"  O  shame  upon  my  betters, 

Who  would  my  conscience  buy ! 

But  shall  I  wear  their  fetters  ? 
Wo,  no,  no,  no,  no, 

Not  I,  indeed,  not  1 1 " 

The  Author's  Version. 

"  They  judged  me  of  their  tribe, 
Who  on  dirty  Mammon  dote, 
So  they  offer'd'me  a  bribe 
For  my  vote,  boys,  vote ! 

"  O  shame  upon  my  betters, 

Who  would  my  conscience  buy! 
But  shall  I  wear  their  fetters  ? 
Not  I,  indeed,  not  I." 

Nothing  can  be  more  wretchedly  prosaic  than 
the  line  of  five  No's  ;  and  I  may  be  excused  for 
repudiating  it  altogether.  THOS.  NOEL. 

Boyne  Cottage,  Maidenhead. 


"  The  Perverse  Widow"  (Vol.x.,p.  161.).— The 
lines,  "  Surely  a  pain  to  love  is,"  are  a  translation 
from  Anacreon's  "  Xa\eirov  fj.ev  TO  <t>i\i)o-ei ; "  and 
another  English  version  of  them  by  Addison  will 
be  found  in  Bohn's  Anthologia.  J.  H.  L. 

Pensions  to  Men  of  Science  and  Literature 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  322.).  — 

"  Quelques  pensions  accordees  aux  gens  de  lettres 
n'exerceront  jamais  beaucoup  d'influence  sur  les  vrais 
talens.  Le  genie  n'en  veut  qu'a  la  gloire,  et  la  gloire  ne 
jaillit  que  de  1'opinion  publique." — MME.  DE  STAEL. 

"  Fame  is  the  spur  that  the  clear  spirit  doth  raise 
(That  last  infirmity  of  noble  minds) 
To  scorn  delights,  and  live  laborious  days." 

MILTON. 

These  quotations  from  two  of  the  most  illus- 
trious ornaments  of  literature,  show  the  high 
animus  that  prompts  and  sustains  the  mind  in  the 
prosecution  of  its  congenial  pursuits ;  but  as  it 
often  happens  that  the  rewards  of  literature  and 
science  are  insufficient  to  endow  their  enthusiastic 
votaries  with  a  sufficient  portion  of  this  world's 
goods,  what  more  noble  and  grateful  task  can  be 
undertaken  by  a  civilised  and  Christian  nation 
than  to  evince  its  regard  for  letters  in  the  persons 
of  its  ill-starred  cultivators ;  and  to  save  them, 
from  the  pangs  and  the  degradation  of  neglect, 
misery,  and  want  ?  Thank  God  !  such  generous 
feelings  are  not  extinct  in  England :  although, 
with  regret  it  must  be  owned,  they  are  not  so 
conspicuously  and  systematically  manifested  as 
could  be  wished  towards  unfortunate  men  of 
letters.  LIBERAL. 

The  Sultan  of  the  Crimea  (Vol.  x.,  p.  326.). — 
In  reference  to  the  Query,  I  well  remember  the 
Sultan  Kata  (not  Kala)  Ghery  Grim  Ghery 
coming  to  Ireland,  and  being  introduced  to  some 
friends  of  mine,  at  whose  house  I  have  seen  his 
cards,  and  he  also  spoke  at  some  Missionary 
meetings ;  after  losing  sight  of  him  for  some 
years,  I  heard  a  great  deal  of  him  again  in  Edin- 
burgh, where  he  married  a  Miss  Thompson.  They 
went  out  to  some  part  of  Tartary,  I  think  as 
missionaries.  They  had  a  family,  and  she  used 
always  to  be  styled  "  the  Sultana"  by  her  sister, 
whom  I  knew.  M-  JD. 

Kelle's  "  Christian  Year  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  355.).  — 
Notwithstanding  the  high  poetical  merit  and  po- 
pularity of  this  beautiful  outpouring  of  a  refined 
and  Christian  mind,  it  is  generally  felt  that  there 
are  occasional  blemishes  that  disfigure  both  its 
harmony  and  lucidity  of  expression  —  blemishes 
that  only  require  a  slight  effort  of  the  master's 
hand  to  remove.  Is  it  true  that  Mr.Keble  is 
sensible  of  the  defects  alluded  to,  and  that,  as  I 
have  heard  it  said,  he  refuses  to  alter  them  ? 

OXONIENSIS. 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


Aristotle  (Vol.  x.,  p.  267.)-  —  Your  correspon- 
dent ANON,  will  find  that  Dutens,  in  his  curious 
but  not  very  common  work  On  the  Discoveries 
attributed  to  the  Moderns,  endeavours  to  trace  the 
origin  of  the  principle,  — 

"  That  there  is  nothing  in.  the  understanding,  which 
has  not  entered  into  it  by  the  senses."  —  Part  I.  ch.  i. 

If  ANON,  is  not  acquainted  with  the  book,  it 
will  be  worth  his  while  to  refer  to  it.  It  is  no 
doubt  in  the  British  Museum.  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

'•'•Nought"  and  "Naught"  (Vol. ix.,  p.  419. ; 
Vol.  x.,  pp.  173.  355.).  —  I  venture  on  an  ad- 
ditional waste  of  your  space  on  this  (as  I  think  it) 
very  idle  question,  in  the  hope  of  stopping  it,  and 
perhaps  preventing  others  of  the  same  character, 
by  quoting  Johnson's  decisive  authority  : 

"  Custom  has  irreversibly  prevailed  of  using  naught  for 
bad,  and  nought  for  nothing." 

Ought  for  aught,  anything,  is  certainly  a  mere 
carelessness.  C. 

"Cur  moriatur  homo"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  327.).  —  In 
the  Haven  of  Health,  by  Thomas  Cogan,  Maister 
of  Artes  and  Bacheler  of  Phisicke,  imprinted  at 
London  by  Richard  Field,  for  Bonham  Norton, 
1596,  the  hexameter  inquired  for  is  quoted  as 
from  Schola  Salerni,  in  the  following  account  of 
Sage,  p.  32. : 

"  Of  all  garden  herbes  none  is  of  greater  vertue  'than 
sage,  insomuch  that  in  Schola  Salerni  it  is  demaunded,  — 

'  Car  moriatur  homo,  cui  salvia  crescit  in  horto  ?  ' 

As  who  should  say,  such  is  the  vertue  of  sage,  that  if  it 
were  possible,  it  would  make  a  man  immortall.  It  is  hot 
and  dry  in  the  third  degree,  and  hath  three  speciall  pro- 
perties contained  in  these  verses  following : 

'  Salvia  confortat  nervos,  manuumq.  tremores 
Tollit,  et  ejus  ope  febris  acuta  fugit.'  " 

And  after  some  other  accounts  of  the  virtues  of 
sage,  the  author  concludes  his  article  as  follows  : 

"  Moreover,  sage  is  used  otherwise  to  be  put  in  drinke 
overnight  close  covered,  or  two  or  three  houres  before  we 
drinke  it,  for  so  it  is  good  against  infection,  especially  if 
rew  be  added  thereto,  as  witnesseth  Schola  Salerni : 

'  Salvia  cum  ruta  faciunt  tibi  pocula  tuta.' " 

The  same  author,  in  his  article  on  "  Cinnamon," 
says : 

"  I  have  read  in  an  old  author  of  phisicke  this  meeter 
following : 

'  Cur  moriatur  homo,  qui  sumit  de  cinamomo  ? ' " 

J.G. 
Exon. 

To  the  question  of  G.  S.,  "  where  is  the  well- 
known  hexameter, 

'  Cur  moriatur  homo,  cui  salvia  nescit  in  horto  ?  ' 
to  be  found?"  it  has  been  answered,  that  it  is 
quoted  in  Rees'  Cyclopaedia  as  an  axiom  of  the 


school  of  Salernum.     It  is  the  177th  line  of  the 
Regimen  Sanitatis  Salernitanum,  a  poem  written 
towards  the  end  of  the  eleventh  century  by  the 
doctors  of  the  medical  school  of  Salerno,  and  ad- 
dressed to  a  King  of  England,   "  Anglorum  Rege 
I  scripsit   schola   tota   Salerni,"   though  the  royal 
I  name  is  never  mentioned.     Giannone  conjectures 
i  it  to  have  been  Robert  of  Normandy  {de  jure  the 
successor  of  William  Rufus),  who,   by  lingering 
1  too  long  at  Salerno   on  his   homeward  journey 
from   Palestine    in    1099,    lost   England    to    his 
younger  brother.  N.  L. 

In  addition  to  the  notice  taken  in  "  N.  &  Q."  of 
i  this  by  no  means  uninteresting  Query,  I  can  give 
your  correspondent  the  reference   for   the   line. 
I  It  is  line  477.  in  the  Regimen  Sanitatis  Salerni- 
tanum : 

"  Cur  moriatur  homo,  cui  salvia  crescit  in  horto? 
Contra  vim  mortis  non  est  medicamen  in  hortis." 

By  which  disappointing  reply  it  would  seem  that 
the  reputation  of  sage  had  induced  some  enthu- 
siastic person  to  make  the  query  before  the  writing 
of  the  poem.  The  poet  goes  on,  — 

"  Salvia  confortat  nervos,  manuumque  tremores 
Tollit,  et  ejus  ope  febris  acuta  fugit. 
Salvia,  castoreum,  lavendula,  premula  veris 
Nastur :  athanasia,  sanant  paralytica  membra. 
Salvia  salvatrix,  naturae  consiliatrix." 

The  whole  poem,  with  an  old  English  rhyming 
translation,  was  republished  and  illustrated  with 
learned  notes  by  Sir  Alexander  Croke  in  1830. 
It  was  printed  by  Talboys  at  Oxford  ;  and  as  it 
is  so  easily  accessible,  I  will  not  occupy  valuable 
space  by  merely  quoting  the  learned  editor. 

Begbrook. 

Shdkspeare  Queries  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  221.). —  The 
book  MB.  HALLIWELL  inquires  for  is  entitled  : 

"  An  Historical  Dictionary  of  England  and  Wales :  in 
Three  Parts.  I.  Geographical.  Of  the  most  Memorable 
Places,  &c.,  in  E.  and  W.  II.  Historical.  Of  the  most 
Memorable  Persons,  Nobles,  Scholars,  Ladies,  Soldiers, 
Seamen,  &c.,  of  England.  III.  Political.  Of  the  Chief 
Offices  in  the  Government,  &c.  London  :  printed  for 
Abel  Roper,  at  the  Mitre  in  Fleet  Street,  near  Temple 
Bar,  1692." 

The  second  part  is  a  Biographical  Dictionary, 
and  includes  the  following  short  notice  of — 

«  SIIAKESPEAR  (WiLL.),  B.  at  Stratford  in  Warwick- 
shire, was  in  some  sort  a  compound  of  three  eminent 
poets,  Martial,  Ovid,  Plautus  the  comedian.  His  learn- 
ing being  very  little,  Nature  seems  to  have  practised  her 
best  rules  in  his  production.  The  genius  of  this  our  poet 
was  jocular,  by  the  quickness  of  his  wit  and  invention ;  so 
that  Heraclitus  himself  might  afford  a  smile  at  his  come- 
dies. Many  were  the  witty  combats  between  him  and  Ben 
Jonson.  He  died  1G1G,  and  buried  at  Stratford." 

J.  O. 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


"Rather"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  252.).— We  could  not, 
agreeably  to  usage,  substitute  sooner  for  rather  in 
the  expressions  —  "Rather  a  handsome  woman," 
"  Rather  unwell,"  though  preference  or  prece- 
dence in  comparison  is  plainly  denoted.  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 


NOTES   ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

The  eminent  services  rendered  by  DR.  DIAMOND  to 
Photography,  and  through  Photography  to  Archaeology, 
have  given  rise  to  a  general  feeling  that  he  is  entitled  to 
some  public  acknowledgment  in  the  nature  of  a  Testi- 
monial. Scarcely  any  of  the  practisers  of  photography 
have  not  received  great  benefit  from  the  suggestions 
and  improvements  of  DR.  DIAMOND.  Those  improve- 
ments have  been  the  results  of  numerous  and  costly 
experiments,  carried  on  in  the  true  spirit  of  scientific 
inquiry,  and  afterwards  explained  in  the  most  frank 
and  liberal  manner :  without  the  slightest  reservation  or 
endeavour  to  obtain  from  them  any  private  or  personal 
advantage.  DR.  DIAMOND'S  conduct  in  this  respect  has 
been  in  every  way  so  peculiarly  honourable,  that  we 
cannot  doubt  that  many  persons  will  be  rejoiced  to  have 
an  opportunity  of  testifying  their  sense  of  his  high  merits 
and  their  own  obligations  to  him,  by  aiding  the  suggested 
Testimonial.  A  meeting  of  gentlemen  favourable  to  the 
proposal  is  about  to  be  held,  and  we  shall  be  happy  to 
receive  any  communications  upon  the  subject,  or  contri- 
butions towards  the  proposed  end. 

"  We  hear,"  says  The  Atheneeum,  "  that  it  is  at  length 
positively  determined  that  the  State  Papers  shall  be  re- 
moved from  their  present  custody,  and  deposited  in  the 
new  Record  Offices.  After  the  manner  in  which  the  im- 
propriety of  this  arrangement  has  been  shown,  and  the 
policy  of  placing  these  documents  where  their  counter- 
parts are  already  arranged  and  accessible — namely,  in 
the  British  Museum — lias  been  urged,  perseverance  in  the 
scheme  of  placing  them  under  the  charge  of  Her  Majesty's 
Keeper  of  Records,  looks  like  a  deliberate  ^refusal  to  at- 
tend to  the  express  wishes  of  literary  men.  Surely  Her 
Majesty's  Government  cannot  be  ignorant  of  what  has 
been  so  often  proved — namely,  that  when  it  was  deter- 
mined to  publish  the  collection  of  State  Papers,  it  was 
found  necessary  to  get  nearly  one-half  of  the  materials 
for  the  eleven  volumes  from  the  collections  at  the  British 
Museum:  —  a  fact  which  establishes  the  propriety  of  the 
transfer  to  that  establishment  of  the  documents  now  pro- 
posed to  be  sent  to  the  Record  Offices.  We  may  add, 
that  the  rumour  is  in  circulation,  that  the  amount  of 
papers  forwarding  to  the  Record  Office  from  all  the  dif- 
ferent public  departments  is  such,  that  the  new  buildings 
will  not  be  sufficient  to  contain  them." 

THE  ARUNDEL  SOCIETY  continues  its  praiseworthy  en- 
deavours to  promote  the  knowledge  of  Art.  It  has  just 
issued  its  publications  for  the  past  year,  which  consist  of 
six  engravings  on  wood  (concluding  the  series  of  four- 
teen) by  Messrs.  Dalziel,  from  Mr.  W.  Oliver  Williams' 
Drawings  from  the  Frescoes  by  Giotto  in  the  Chapel  of 
S.  M.  dell'  Arena,  at  Padua,  and,  what  will  be  sure  to 
be  even  more  prized  by  the  subscribers  to  the  Society, 
the  first  part  of  Mr.  Ruskin's  Giotto,  and  his  Works  In 
Padua.  This,  which  is  explanatory  of  the  subjects  en- 

§  raved  at  the  fourth  and  fifth  years'  publication  of  the 
ociety,  is  well  calculated  to  accomplish  the  object  which 
Mr.  Ruskin  had  in  view,  namely,  to  render  this  series  of 
plates  intelligible  and  interesting  to  those  among  its 


members  who  have  not  devoted  much  time  to  the  ex- 
amination of  mediaeval  works. 

We  have  received  from  our  accomplished  friend,  Pro- 
fessor Worsaae,  of  Copenhagen,  a  work  which  we  have  no 
doubt  will  be  received  with  great  satisfaction  by  English 
antiquaries.  It  is  entitled  Afbildninger  fra  det  Konyelige 
Museum,  for  Nordiscke  Oldsager  i  JKjobenhavn.  Ordnede 
og  forhlarede  af  J.  J.  A.  Worsaae;  and,  as  the  name  im- 
plies, contains  a  series  of  engravings  of  objects  of  archaeo- 
logical interest  from  the  Royal  Museum  of  Antiquities  at 
Copenhagen,  selected  and  explained  by  Professor  Wor- 
saae. The  intimate  relations  which  have,  even  from  the 
remotest  period,  existed  between  Denmark  and  these 
islands,  must  ensure  for  the  present  volume  a  wide  cir- 
culation in  this  country. 


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ALTERA.      VCIiet.   1786. 

APPENDINI,    NOTIZIK  IST.-CRITICHE  SULLB  ANTICHITA,  ETC.,  DE  RAOUSEI. 

Ragusa,  1802.    2  Vols.  4to. 
STREDOWSKY  (Jon.),  SACBA  MORAVI*  IIisTORiA,  SIVB  VITJK  SS.  CYBILLI 

ET  METHUDII.    4to.    Solisb.  1710. 
MEMOKIJB  POPUI.ORUM    OLIM  AD  DANCBIUM  INCOLENTIUM.      Pctropoli, 

1771—81.    4  Vols.  4to. 
Wanted  by  C.  W.  Franks,  Esq.,  5.  John  Street,  Berkeley  Square. 


JiiNirs' LETTERS,  edited  by  Heron.    2  Vols.  8vo.    1802. 

MARSHALL'S  CHARACTER  or  5:)0  AUTHORS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  NOW  LIVING. 

8vo.    London,  1788. 

A  COMPLBAT  KEY  TO  THK  DuNciAD,  by  E.  Curll.    12mo.    1728. 
LETTERS,  POEMS.  AND  TAI.FS,  &<:..  between  Dr.  Swift,  Mr*.  Anne  Lonjr, 

and  several  Persons  of  Oi-tiiiL-tion.   Curll.   8vo.    1716  (or  thereabouts). 
FAMILIAR  LETTERS  TO  H.  CHOMWKI.I..  by  Mr.  Pope.    Curll.     1747. 
GAY'S  MISCELLANEOUS  WORKS.    4  Vols.  12mo.    1773. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  Esq.,  25.  Holywell  Street,  Millbank, 
Westminster. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  266. 


DUD'S  HISTORY  OF  CLEVELAND. 

PARKER'S  DESCRIPTION  OF  BROWSHOLME  HAIL.    1815. 

FAWCETT'S  CHURCHRIDES  NEAR  SCARBOROUGH. 

HUQALL'S  CHURCHES  NEAR  SCARBOROUGH. 

HUNTER'S  HISTORICAL  TRACTS.    No.  2. 

COSTUME  OF  YORKSHIRE.    1814. 

PECK'S  HISTORY  OF  BAWTRY  AND  THORNE.    1813. 

DIXON'S  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ENVIRONS  OF  INOLEBOROOOH.    1781. 

SEWARD'S  TOUR  TO  YORDAS  CAVB. 

MAUDE'S  VERBEIA  OR  WHARFDALE. 

WENSLBYDALE.    1816. 

SAVAGE'S  HISTORY  OF  HOWDEN  CHURCH.    1799. 

HISTORY  or  WHESSLE  CASTLE.     1805. 

CROSFIELD'S  HISTORY  OF  NORTHALLERTON.    1791. 
BAINSLA  FOAKS  ANNUAL,  from  commencement  to  1850. 
COMIC  ALMANAC  for  years  1849  and  1850. 

Wanted  by  E.  Hailstone,  Esq.,  Horton  Hall,  Bradford,  Yorkshire. 


JUNIUS  IDENTIFIED  WITH  A  DISTINGUISHED  LIVING  POLITICAL  CHAHACT 
by  Woodfall,  Junior. 

Wanted  by  William  Short,  Esq. ,  1.  Newman's  Court,  Cornhill. 


THB  GAGG  OF  THE  NEW  GOSPEL,  by  R.  Kellison.    A  Tract  published  be- 
tween 1616  and  1623.    4to. 
CHARLES  BUTLER'S  MISCELLANEOUS  TRACTS.     12mo.    1812. 

Wanted  by  Arclideacon  Cotton,  Thurles,  Ireland. 

FINANCE  ACCOUNTS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  for  the  years  ending  Jan.  1814, 

Jan.  1815,  and  Jan.  1820. 
PENNY  CYCLOPEDIA,  Vol.  XII.     1838. 

Wanted  by  Edward  Cheshire,  Esq.,  Statistical  Society,  12.  St.  James's 
Square. 


RECOLLECTIONS  OF  SOME  PARTICULARS  IN  THE  L 
London,  1788.    Dodsley. 

Wanted  by  Frederick  Dinsdale,  Esq. ,  Leamington. 


IF  SHK.NSTONE.  12mo. 


NORFOLK  ARCHAEOLOGY.    Vol.  I. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Western,  89.  Chancery  Lane. 


to 

We  cannot  undertake  to  return  'COMMUNICATIONS  which  we  do  not 
insert. 

T.  W.  D.  B.  will  find  his  Query  respecting  Bishop  Tliornbnrough' s 
Monument  in  Worcester  Cathedral  answered  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  Hi., 
p.  299. 

J.  8.  We  have  to  repeat  that  there  is  no  charge  for  the  insertion  of 
Queries  in  our  columns. 

3.  GRAHAM.  Strutt's  Dresses  and  Habits  of  the  People  of  England, 
two  vols.  4to.,  has  coloured  plates  of  costume.  Fairholt's  Costume 
in  England,  although  the  plates  are  not  coloured,  is  another  most  valu- 
able book.  It  is  in  one  vol.  Svo.  , 

DR.  DIAMOND'S  SERVICES  TO  PHOTOGRAPHY.  We  call  the  attention  of 
our  photographic  fri'diife  to  thenotice  on  page  455.  of  the  proposed  Testi- 
monial to  this  gentleman. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  QUERIES.    Replies  to  these  in  our  next. 

REV.  J.  B.  RF.ADK  ON  BROMIDE  OF  SILVER  is  unavoidably  postponed 
until  next  week. 

W.  H.  (Bradford).  POOR  CURATE.  We  cannot  furnish  the  address 
of  SLATER,  the  maicer  of  the  lenses  in  question.  We  presume  they  may 
lie  procured  at  the  principal  Photographic  Repositories. 

Full  price  will  be  given  for  clean  copies  of  "  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "of 
1st  January,  1853,  No.  166,  upon  application  to  MR.  BELL,  the  Publisher. 

A  few  complete  sete  of"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES,"  Vols.  i.  to  ix.,  price  four 
guineas  ana  a  half,  may  now  be  had.  For  tliese,  early  application  is 
desirable. 

"NOTES  AND  QUERIES"  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that  the 
Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels,  and 
deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  also  issued  in  Monthly  Parts,  for  the  con- 
venience of  those  who  may  eit/ier  have  a  difficult!/  in  procuring  the  un- 
stamped weekly  Numbers,  or  prefer  receiving  it  monthly.  While  parties 
resident,  in  the  country  or  abroad,  who  may  be  desirous  of  receiving  the. 
weekly  Numbers,  may  have  stamped  copies  fonmnled  direct  from  the 
Publisher.  The  subscription  /or  the  stiu>i/>i'd  flilina  of  "NOTES  AND 
QUERIES"  (including  a  very  copious  Index)  is  cli-ri-n  shillings  and  four- 
pence  for  six  iiioiiili.-*.  n'lin-Ji  mini  In'  /mid  by  Post-Office  Order,  drawn  in 
favour  of  the  Publisher,  MR.  GEOROB  BELL,  No.  186.  Fleet  Street. 


MECHPS  PREPARATIONS 
for  CHRISTMAS  and  NEW  YEAR'S 
SSBNTS.  —  Sensible  that  the  Season  is 
approaching  when  love  and  friendship  give 
their  tangible  testimonials,  MECHI  has  taken 
care  to  provide  an  abundance  of  objects  for 
tasteful  selection.  None  need  deny  themselves 
the  luxury  of  giving  ;  for  the  most  inexpensive 
as  well  as  the  most  costly  articles  are  to  be 
found  at  his  Repository  of  Utilities  and  Ele- 
gancies, 4.  Leadenhall  Street,  near  the  India 
House.  England  has  always  been  renowned  for 
its  hearty  Christmas  liberality,  while  "  Le  Jour 
de  1'An"  of  our  lively  neighbours  the  French 
is  equally  consecrated  to  the  gifts  of  affection. 
Mechi  invites  a  visit  from  the  natives  of  all 
countries  to  his  Emporium,  where  they  may 
be  sure  of  putting  their  kind  intentions  into 
an  acceptable  shape.  In  his  elegant  show 
rooms  are  displayed  to  the  greatest  advantage, 
a  superb  stock  of  Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's 
Dressing-cases,  Work-boxes,  Tea-trays,  Work- 
tables,  Chess-tables,  Tea-caddies,  Card-cases, 
&c.  Those  who  desire  to  make  really  useful 
presents  will  find  in  the  general  department 
the  best  Table  Cutlery,  Scissors,  Thimbles, 
Penknives,  Writing-desks,  Ivory  and  other 
Hair  Brushes  and  Combs,  and  a  variety  of 
good?  adapted  to  every  exigency.  Also  Baga- 
telle Tables,  affording  a  charming  amusement 
on  a  wintry  or  wet  day. 

4.  LEADENHALL  STREET. 


"DOOKBINDING.—  -F.  SILANI 

O  &  CO.,  (Successors  to  the  late  T.  ARM- 
STRONG). 23.  Villiers  Street,  Strand,  solicit 
every  description  of  work  relating  to  their  art. 
A  list  of  prices  for  cloth,  half-calf,  calf,  mo- 
rocco, or  antique  binding,  can  be  had  upon 
replication,  or  will  be  forwarded  for  One 
tamp.  Bookbinding  for  the  Trade. 


re 
St 


MODERATEUR  LAMPS.  — 
EVANS,  SONS,  &  CO.,  respectfully  in- 
vite their  friends  and  the  public  to  an  in- 
spection of  the  extensive  and  beautiful  STOCK 
of  these  much-admired  LAMPS,  ju*t  received 
from  Paris,  embracing  all  recent  improvements, 
in  bronze,  or-moulu,  crystal,  alabaster,  and 
porcelain,  of  various  elegant  designs,  suitable 
for  the  cottage  or  mansion.  Show  Rooms, 
33.  KING  WILLIAM  STREET,  LONDON 
BRIDGE. 


Just  published,  price  Six  Shillings,  in  royal  4to., 
on  thick  plate  paper,  with  illustrative  cover 
and  title-page,  a  Second  Edition  of 

PROFILES  OF  "WARRING- 
TON  WORTHIES  ;"  collected  and  ar- 
ranged by  JAMES  KENDRICK,  M.D. 

This  is  a  collection  of  Forty  authentic  Pro- 
files  or  Silhouettes,  "with  brief  Biographical 
Notices,  of  such  distinguished  individuals 
(more  especially  in  the  department  of  Litera- 
ture), as  by  their  birth,  or  prolonged  residence 
at  Warrington,  in  Lancashire,  have  become 
more  or  less  identified  with  the  history  of  that 
town.  Amongst  them  will  be  found  several 
portraits  of  the  Aikin  family.  Dr.  Barnes, 
Clayton,  Enfield.  Pendlebury  Houghton,  Ma- 
gowan,  Percival,  Priestley,  '1  aylor,  and  Gilbert 
Wakefield.  The  whole  collection  forms  an  in- 
teresting appendage  to  the  history  of  the  lite- 
rature of  the  past  century. 

London  :  LONGMAN.  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 

Warrington  :  HADDOCK  &  SON. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION, No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  UUEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cuses,  8,  t>,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  siuineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed, and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  21. ,32.,  and  41.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.CHEAPSIDE, 


PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

L  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soto 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  the?«  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  folloy'ng  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  use  :  — "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
bavins  carefulb'  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,boudoir,ordrawing-room.  (Signed) 
.1.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  .7.  mew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison,  II.  F.  Hasse% 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry, H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Bimbault.  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Hodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,1'  &c. 
D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 

ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

/  V    CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  or 
PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 

Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  ot  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18,  &  22.  West  Strand. 


DEC.  2.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


ESTABLISHED  1803. 

CAPITAL  :  — ONE  MILLION  STERLING. 
A II  Paid-  Up  ami  Invested  in  1806. 

GLOBE      INSURANCE, 

J.  W.  FRESHFIELD,  Esq. :  M.P. :  F.R.S.  -  Chairman. 
FOWLER  NEWSAM,  Esq. -.Deputy  Chairman. 
GEORGE  CARR  GLYN,  Esq. :  M.P Treasurer. 

FIBE  :  LIFE  :  ANNUITIES  :  REVERSIONS. 

CORXHILL  $  PALL  MALL  — LONDON. 
Empowered  by  Special  Acts  of  Parliament. 

LIFE  INSURANCES  granted  from  Fifty  to  Ten  Thousand  Pounds,  at  Rates  particularly 
favourable  to  the  Younger  and  Middle  periods  of  Life. 

No  CHARGE  FOR  STAMP  DUTIES  ON  LIFE  POLICIES. 

Every  class  of  FIRE  and  LIFE  Insurance  transacted. 

MEDICAL  FEES  generally  paid. 

PROSPECTUSES,  —  with  Life  Tables,  on  various  plans, — may  be  had  at  the  Offices  ;  and  of  any 
of  the  Agents. 

WILLIAM  NEWMARCH, 
Secretary. 

VYLO-IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

_/\_  tographic  Establishments — The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  F-ull  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION. —Each  Bottle' is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  \s.,  2s., 
and  3s.  6rf.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdou  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.— MESSRS. 

A  A-  MARION  &  CO.  beg  to  inform 
orVim?- S?  i  -*-mateurs  they  are  now  ready  to 
SUPPLY  theni  ,,ith  PAPERS  manufactured 
f*X£re8K  y  ?r-  ^"^raphic  Purposes.  Since 
It  has  been  tried,  it  ha»  received  the  approba- 
tion of  the  most  successful,  operators.  Posi- 
tive and  Negative  unprepared,  simple  salted 
and  salted  albumenized  Positive,  simple  waxed 
and  waxed  iodized  Negative,  stamped  paper 
nd  cards  for  mounting  proofs.  Mounts  of 
dirlerent  shapes  and  sizes.  Stereoscopes,  Ste- 
reoscopic Views,  &c.  List  sent  Post  Free. 
PAPETERIE  MARION,  152.  Regent  Street. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 
Manufactory,  21.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 

Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 
OTTE  WILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  "Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras.  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  hud.  The 
Trade  supplied. 

THE   IODIZED  COLLODION 
manufactured  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO., 

289.  Strand.  London,  is  still  unrivalled  for 
SENSITIVENESS  and  DENSITY  OF  NE- 
UAT1VE  ;  it  excels  all  others  in  its  keeping 
qualities  and  uniformity  of  constitution. 

Albumenized  Paper,  17}  by  11,  5s.  per  quire. 
Ditto,  Waxed,  7s.,  of  very  superior  quality. 
Double  Achromatic  Lenses  EQU.'L  INy  ALL 
POINTS  to  those  of  any  other  Matmfacturer  : 
Quarter  Plate,  £/.  L'S.  ;  Half  Pl!;te,5/.  ;  Whole, 
10/.  Apparatus  and  Pure  Chemicals  of  all 
Descriptions. 

Just  published, 

PRACTICAL      HINTS     ON 

PHOTOGRAPHY,  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN.  Third 
Edition.  Price  Is. ;  per  Post,  Is.  <W. 


Just  published. 

PRACTICAL    PHOTOGRA- 

1  PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
containing  simple  directions  fur  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Light,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BUMEN. WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  6d. 

Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton:  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photoera- 
phiee.l  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street.  London. 

pTlie  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
lates. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE   SIGHT    preserved  by  the 

JL     Use  of  SPECTACLES    adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  i. f  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,    which     effectually    prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extens  vely  employed  by 
BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 

T  I     RANCE  AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 

Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 


H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks, Jun.  E«q. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart.Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbndge.Esd. 

E.Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George Drew.Esq.- 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham.M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 
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ON   THE    STUDY   OF   LAN- 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

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.  267.] 


SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  9.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 

I  Stamped  Edition,  fid. 


CONTENTS. 


If  OTIS  :  — 


Page 
457 


Trance-legends       - 

POPIANA  :  _  Satirical  Prints  of  Pope,  &c. 
—  Pope's  Skull  —  James  Moore  Smyth 
—Letters  of  Swift  and  his  Cotempora- 
ries 458 

"Annotated  Edition  of  the  English 
Poets : "  Oldham,  by  W.  J.  Bernhard 
Smith 459 

Curious  Predictions  -  -          -    459 

Letter  of  Mrs.  Hannah  More,  by  Eustace 
W.  Jacob  -  -  -  -  -  460 

MINOR  NOTES  :_  English  Lady  Attend- 
ants on  the  Army— Pall  Mall—Second 
Blooming  and  Bearing  of  Fruit  —  The 
Forts  of  Sebastopol  —  Mountains  of  the 
Crimea  — English  Newspapers  -  -  461 

QUERIES  :  — 

Suppression  of  the  Templars       -          -    462 
The  great  Smith  Festival  -          -          -    463 

MIXOR  QUERIES  :  —  Playing  Cards  — 
Stonehenge  —  Charles  Lamb  —  Doei  a 
Circle  round  the  Moon  foretell  bad 
Weather  ?—  Quotations  for  Verifica- 
tion —  The  Schoolmen  —  Stone  Carv- 
ings from  the  ancient  Chapel  of 
Romsey,  co.  Salop  —  The  Blind : 
Finger-reading  —  Portrait  at  Shote- 
sham  Park.  Norwich— Baptist  Vincent 
Lavall-"F.S.A."  or  "F.A.S."  — 
Lord  Sandwich  -  463 

Ml>r>R      QtTERTBS       WITH       ANSWERS    :   — 

•"  Royal  Recollections  "  —  Irish  Ar- 
chaeological Society  —  "  Plurality  of 
Worlds  : "  its  Author  -  -  -  465 


Anglo-Saxon  Typography,  by  Professor 

Stephens     -                      -          -           -  466 

The  Divining  Rod,  by  William  Bates    -  467 

Yeoman         -                      -          -          -  468 

Charles  I.  and  his  Relics,  by  T.  Hughes  469 

The  Zouaves,  by  W.  Coles,  &e.     -          -  469 
Johnson  r.  Boswell,  byBolton  Corney, 

ic. 471 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPOXDENCE  :  —  BrC- 
mo-iodide  of  Silver  — Intense  Skies  : 
Strength  of  Solution  -  -  -  472 

"REPLIES  TO  MIXOR  QUERIES: —  Works 
with  defectively-expressed  Titles  — 
"  Conjurer  "  —  "  Obtain  "  —  Designa- 
tion of  Works  under  Review  —  The 
Masters  of  St.  Cross  Hospital  —  Irish 
Newspapers  —  Descendants  of  Sir  Mat- 
thew Hale  —  2?<3-^  —  Brasses  of  Nota- 
ries _  The  Devil's  Dozen  _  "  A  per  se  " 

—  "  Lantern-jaws  "  —  Tenure  per  Ba- 
roniam  —  English  Books  of  Emblems 

—  Sir  John  Perrott  —  Sir  Richard  Rad- 
cliffe,  K.G.  and  Banneret  —  Haber- 
dasher —  "  Zim  "  and  "  Jim  "  —  Ra- 
leigh and  his  Descendants        -          -    472 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X.— No.  267. 


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II«XX«<  yttev 


FAairTOM,  /jua,  V 


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TTISTORY  OF  THE  CHURCH 

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ON   THE    STUDY   OF   LAN- 
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Diversions     of     Purler."      By     CHARLES 
RICHARDSON,   I,L.  D.,  Author  of  a  New 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Language. 

"  What  an  epoch  in  many  a  student's  intel- 
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45T 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  9,  1854. 


TRANCE-LEGENDS. 

Few  legends  are  more  striking  than  those  which 
exhibit  the  soul  in  the  contrast  of  its  dual  posi- 
tion —  as  related  to  time  and  eternity,  change  and 
changelessness,  earth  and  heaven  :  at  one  time 
freed  from  the  fetters  and  the  illusions  of  time, 
rapt  into  the  spirit- world,  realising  eternity :  soar- 
ing through  ages  without  a  pause,  and  feeling  a 
thousand  years  less  than  a  moment  on  earth : 
again  brought  back  to  earth,  and  made  conscious 
of  time  and  change,  yet  imagining  the  glimpse  of 
eternity  it  enjoyed  was  but  a  dream  on  earth,  and 
might  be  measured  by  a  short  hour  of  earth's 
time. 

The  ecstasy,  or  "  The  Pylgrimage  of  the  Sowle  " 
out  of  itself,  its  rupture  into  spirit-land  and  bea- 
tific vision  of  the  joys  of  paradise,  and  its  sorrow- 
ful return  into  the  prison  of  the  body  and  the 
dominion  of  time  and  change,  are  set  forth  in 
countless  legends,  not  forgetting  that  of  my 
countryman  Tundal.* 

Trance-legends  comprise  also  those  tales  of  the 
giants  who  are  wrapt  in  a  magic  slumber  in  en- 
chanted caves  until  the  great  day  of  doom.  And 
we  may  include  under  that  designation  descrip- 
tions of  terrestrial  paradises,  such  as  that  set  forth 
in  the  life  of  St.  Brandon.f  Many  other  varieties 
of  this  kind  of  legend  might  be  enumerated :  but 
in  the  present  Note  I  shall  confine  myself  to  that 
form  of  it  to  which  I  first  alluded ;  the  leading 
ideas  of  which  are  the  nullity  of  time  as  regards 
the  soul  when  apart  from  the  body,  and,  on  the 
otter  hand,  the  manifold  changes  of  this  earthly 
life  and  the  power  of  time. 

The  following  legend  occurs  in  a  rare  work 
from  the  press  of  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  entitled 
"  The  Crafte  to  lyue  well  and  to  dye  well.  Trans- 
lated out  of  Frensshe  into  Englysshe,  the  xxi  daye 
of  January e,  the  yere  of  our  Lord  MCCCCC.V.,"  j 


*  See  Libellus  de  Raptu  Animas  Tundali  et  ejus  visions 
tractans  de  pcenis  Inferni  et  gaudiis  Paradisi.  This  vision 
of  Tundal,  which  is  supposed  to  have  taken  place  in 
1149,  seems  to  have  been  a  popular  book  formerly,  as 
we  have  many  editions  of  it  in  different  languages ;  seve- 
ral of  them  are  early  printed  books.  An  introduction  to 
Dante's  Vision,  giving  an  outline  of  the  various  accounts 
of  Trance,  and  rupture  of  the  soul  into  heaven  and  hell, 
is  a  desideratum  which  remains  to  be  supplied.  In  any 
edition  of  Dante  that  I  have  examined,  we  have  isolated 
references,  but  no  attempt  at  a  bibliographical  introduc- 
tion. Thus,  one  writer  refers  to  the  Vision  of  Alberico, 
another  to  the  Somnium  Scipionis,  another  to  a  story 
told  by  the  famous  Hildebrand  in  a  sermon  preached  at 
Arezzo,  as  immediately  suggesting  the  germ  of  his  work 
to  Dante. 

f  See  Legenda  Aurea,  and  Colgan's  Acta  Sanctorum. 

j  This  translation  is  by  Andrew  Chertsey.  There  is 
another  by  Caxton :  "  The  Arte  and  Crafte  to  knowe  well  to 


folio.   The  fifth  or  last  division  of  this  work  treats 
of  "  The  Joyes  of  Paradyse." 

"  And  of  the  said  joys  of  paradise,  we  read  such  an 
example  of  an  holy  and  devout  religious  that  prayed 
continually  unto  God,  that  it  would  please  Him  to  show 
him  some  sweetness  of  the  joys  of  paradise.  And  so  as 
the  said  holy  and  devout  religious  man  was  one  day  in 
oraison,  he  heard  a  little  bird  that  sung  by  him  so 
sweetly,  that  it  was  marvel  and  melody  to  hear  her. 
And  the  said  religious,  hearing  this  little  bird  sing  so 
sweetly  and  melodiously,  he  rose  him  from  the  place 
where  he  was  for  to  make  his  oraison,  and  would  have 
taken  and  catched  the  same  bird  by  the  tail,  the 
which  fled  away  till  unto  a  forest  —  the  which  forest 
was  near  unto  the  monastery  of  the  said  religious  — 
and  set  her  upon  a  tree.  And  the  said  religious  that  fol- 
lowed her  rested  him  under  the  tree  where  the  said  bird 
was  set,  for  to  hearken  her  sweet  and  melodious  song, 
that  was  so  melodious,  as  it  is  said.  And  the  said  bird, 
after  she  had  well  sung,  flew  her  way ;  and  the  said  reli- 
gious returned  him  to  the  monastery ;  and  it  seemed  him, 
truly  that  he  had  ne  been  more  than  an  hour  or  two 
under  the  said  tree.  And  when  he  was  come  unto  the 
monastery  he  found  the  gate  stopped,  and  found  another 
gate  made  upon  the  other  side  of  the  said  monastery,  and 
he  came  for  to  knock  at  the  said  gate.  Then  the  porter 
demanded  him  from  whence  he  came — what  he  was 
—  and  what  he  would  ?  And  the  said  devout  reli- 
gious answered,  '  I  rode  forth  but  late  from  the  monastery, 
and  I  have  not  tarried,  and  I  have  found  all  changed 
here ! '  And,  incontinent,  the  porter  led  him  unto  the 
abbot,  and  unto  him  told  the  case,  how  the  said  religions 
was  comen  unto  the  gate,  and  how  he  had  questioned 
with  him,  and  how  he  had  told  him  that  it  was  but  late 
that  he  was  gone  forth,  and  that  he  was  right  soon  re- 
turned, and  that,  notwithstanding,  he  knew  no  more  any- 
thing there.  And  anon  the  abbot,  and  the  most  ancientest 
of  the  place,  demanded  the  name  of  the  abbot  that  was 
at  the  hour  that  he  rode  from  the  said  monastery.  .  .  . 
And  after  he  named  him  unto  them  they  looked  in 
their  chronicles,  and  they  found  that  he  had  been  absent 
by  the  space  of  iii°.  [three  hundred]  and  threescore 
years ! " 

"0  soul  devout,"  immediately  subjoins  the  author,  "if 
a  man  have  been  ccclx  year  without  having  cold,  ne  heat, 
ne  hunger,  ne  thirst  ...  to  hear  only  one  only  angel  of 
paradise  sing,"  &c. 

This  beautiful  illustration  of  "  The  Joyes  of 
Paradyse "  is  versified  by  Mr.  Longfellow  in  his 
Golden  Legend. 

This  book,  with  a  most  ambitious,  if  not  pre- 
sumptuous title,  is  a  sad  medley  of  pieces  (com- 
prising rabbinic  fables,  false  gospels,  miracle  plays, 
&c.)  jerked  into  a  most  unnatural  plot.  There  is 
a  good  deal  of  beauty,  however,  here  and  there, 
which  is  owing  not  so  much  to  the  compiler  as  to 
the  pieces  themselves  which  he  has  collected. 
There  is  a  beautiful  episode,  for  inslance,  entitled 


dye.  Translated  out  of  Frensshe  into  Englysshe,  by  Wil- 
liam Caxton,  the  xv  day  of  Jtiyn,  the  yere  of  our  Lord  a 
M.mr.LXXxx.,"  folio.  "The  origin  of  this  perform- 
ance," observes  Dr.  Dibdin,  "was  probably  the  celebrated 
Ars  Moriein/i,  the  composition  of  a  Polish  .monk,  and 
printed,  as  it  is  supposed,  before  the  middle  of  the  fif- 
teenth century."  See  Dibdin's  edition  of  the  Typogra- 
phical Antiquities  of  Herbert  and  Ames,  from  whence  I 
have  taken  the  above  legend. 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


"  Monk  Felix,"  which  is  a  literal  translation  of  a 
fine  old  German  legend,  commencing 

"  Ein  heil'ger  Monch  einst  was 
Der  gern'  von  Gott  las, 
Was  er  geschrieben  fand, 
Der  war  Felix  genannt. 
'Nes  Morgens  ging  er 
Mit  einem  Buche  aus  dem  Munster,"  &c. 

It  may  be  found  in  Count  Mailiith's  Auserlesene 
Altdeutsche  Gedichte,  Stuttg.  and  Tubing.,  1819, 
8vo. 
The  editor  remarks : 

"Die  Idee,  dass  Zeugen  der  Wahrheit  auf  eine  wunder- 
bare  Weise  dnrch  Jahrhunderte  erhalten  werden,  ist  sehr 
alt  und  vielsacli  gestaltet  worden.  Sie  liegt  auch  dem 
'Monch  Felix'  zum  Grund.  Friedrich  Kind  hat  in  seinen 
Gedichten  eine  Legende  einerlei  Inhalts  mit  dem  Monch 
Felix."— P.  34. 

This  legend  is  identical  with  that  I  gave  from  the 
Ars  Moriendi,  and  is  related  also  of  the  Abbot 
Erro  of  Armentaria,  of  Friar  Alf'us  of  Olmutz  *, 
and  others.  The  idea  is  a  favourite  one ;  we  find 
it  embodied  in  The  Seven  Sleepers  of  Ephesus, 
Peter  Klaus,  Rip  Van  Winkle,  &c. 

A  writer  in  Brayley's  Graphic  Illustrator, 
p.  143.,  gives  a  Welsh  legend  of  this  kind  re- 
specting the  trance  and  rapture  of  a  shepherd's 
son  named  Sion  Evan  o  Glanrhyd,  but  it  is  too 
long  for  transcription.  The  following  passage, 
however,  I  shall  quote  from  this  paper,  though 
not  altogether  to  my  present  purpose  : 

"  The  popular  German  tale  of  the  Slumbers  of  the  Em- 
peror Frederick  Barbarossa  is  unquestionably  only  a  later 
version  of  the  Seven  Sleepers ;  and  the  old  Welsh  tradi- 
tion respecting  King  Arthur  bears  a  strong  likeness  to 
the  German  legend.  For  example:  the  emperor  was 
once  compelled  to  conceal  himself  with  a  party  of  his 
followers  amongst  the  Kyffhausen  Mountains,  where  he 
exists,  under  the  influence  of  magic,  in  a  state  of  almost 
perpetual  sleep.  Sometimes  his  slumber  is  interrupted, 
probably  every  hundred  years  or  so ;  and  he  sits  with  his 
.  adherents,  nodding  before  a  stone  table,  through  which 
his  red  beard  has  grown  down  to  his  feet.  In  Wales  the 
tradition  runs  that  King  Arthur  also  exists  in  a  state  of 
enchanted  slumber,  but  before  the  last  day  arrives  he  will 
appear  again  on  the  earth,  and  join  in  the  holy  wars  of 
the  times.  The  first  tradition  forms  the  source  of  many 
others  of  a  similar  nature  (but  infinitely  varied)  in  Ger- 
many; amongst  which  is  the  well-known  tale  of  'Peter 
Klaus  the  Goatherd,'  a  story  which  has  excited  notice, 
not  only  from  its  own  merit,  but  from  its  being  the  un- 
doubted origin  of  the  admirable  tale  of '  Rip  Van  Winkle ' 
in  the  Sketch-Book." 

The  writer  then  gives  the  Welsh  legend  of 
Owen  Lawgoch,  the  Red-handed,  which  corre- 
sponds with  that  of  King  Arthur.f  The  late  Mr. 
Faber  refers  these  legends  (as  he  does  almost 

*  See  Duffy's  Irish  Catholic  Magazine,  Dublin,  1848, 
vol.  ii.  p.  108. 

f  Cf.  "The  Home  of  the  Spell-bound  Giants,"  in  the 
Castle  of  Eushen,  as  related  by  Waldron  (Descr.  Isle  of 
Man,  p.  98.),  quoted  by  Brand,  iii.  90. :  cf.  also  Faber, 
iii.  p.  320. 


everything  he   comes   across)   to  the    capacious 
womb  of  Noah's  ark.     Thus  with 

"  The  legend  of  the  Wandering  Jew ;  who,  for  insulting 
the  Messiah  while  upon  his  mock  trial,  is  doomed  to 
await  in  the  flesh  the  Second  Advent.  Like  the  fabled 
Great  Father,  he  rambles  over  the  face  of  the  whole 
globe,  and  visits  every  region.  At  the  close  of  each  re- 
volving century,  bowed  down  with  age,  he  sickens  and 
falls  into  a  death -like  slumber ;  but  from  this  he  speedily 
awakes  in  renovated  youth  and  vigour,  and  acts  orer 
again  the  part  which  he  has  so  repeatedly  sustained.  As 
these  romances  have  originated  from  the  periodical  sleep 
of  the  Great  Father  and  his  family,  so  that  of  St.  Antony 
has  been  copied  from  the  various  terrific  transformations 
exhibited  in  the  funeral  orgies  of  Dionusus,  or  Osiris,  or 
Mithras."*— P.  332. 

:  EIRIONNACH. 
(To  be  continued.') 


POPIANA. 

Satirical  Prints  of  Pope,  SfC.  —  The  Query 
which  I  propounded  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  434.)  not  having 
received  a  reply,  I  therefore  venture  to  repeat  it, 
because  so  much  inquiry  about  Pope  is  now  afloat, 
that  the  anecdote  of  which  I  am  in  search  will 
probably  be  discovered  by  some  of  the  investiga- 
tors. In  a  small  duodecimo  print,  Pope  is  repre- 
sented in  an  unhappy  plight  suspended  under  the 
arm  of  a  gentleman ;  while  another,  standing  by 
in  laughter,  holding  both  his  sides,  enjoys  the 
scene.  Pope  exclaims  :  "  Damn  me  if  I  don't 
put  you  both  in  The  Dunciad."  Both  gentlemen 
wear  ribbons,  but  not  stars.  To  what  does  this 
refer  ? 

The  investigators  of  Pope's  history  may  perhaps 
stumble  upon  a  cotemporaneous  anecdote,  I  think 
relating  to  Bolingbroke,  which  I  recollect  to  have 
read,  but  where  I  know  not.  I  have  a  satirical 
print  of  it,  which  represents  Bolingbroke,  if  it 
was  he,  as  having  occasion  to  write  a  letter,  or 
sign  some  state  paper;  and  for  want  of  a  more 
commodious  writing-desk,  making  use  of  the  bare 
back  of  the  partner  of  his  bed.  I  have  been  told 
that  the  female  figure  represents  a  mistress  of 
Bolingbroke,  and  the  paper  he  is  signing  the 
draft  of  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht.  What  are  the 
real  circumstances,  and  who  the  personages  ? 

GRIFFIN. 


Pope's  Skull  (Vol.  x.,  p.  418.).— The  following 
is  an  extract  from  Howitt's  Homes  and  Haunts  of 
the  British  Poets,  which  throws  some  light  upon 
the  subject  of  P.  S.'s  Query  : 

"  By  one  of  those  acts  which  neither  science  nor  curi- 
osity can  excuse,  the  skull  of  Pope  is  now  in  the  private 

*  See  a  curious  chapter  in  Mr.  Faber's  learned  work  On 
the  Origin  of  Pagan  Idolatry,  which  treats  of  the  "  Ori- 
gination of  Romance  from  old  Mythologic  Idolatry," 
vol.  iii.  p.  314. 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


collection  of  a  phrenologist.  The  manner  in  which  it  was 
obtained  is  said  to  have  been  this :  On  some  occasion  of 
alteration  in  the  church,  or  burial  of  some  one  in  the  same 
spot,  the  coffin  of  Pope  was  disinterred,  and  opened  to  see 
the  state  of  the  remains ;  by  a  bribe  to  the  sexton  of 
the  time,  possession  of  the  skull  was  obtained  for  the 
night,  and  another  skull  returned  instead  of  it.  I  have 
heard  that  fifty  pounds  were  paid  to  manage  and  carry 
through  this  transaction.  Be  that  as  it  may,  the  skull  of 
Pope  figures  in  a  private  museum." — 2nd  edit.,  vol.  i. 
p.  175. 

K.  V.  T. 


James  Moore  Smyth.  —  C.  says  (Vol.  x.,  p.  102.) 
that  this  gentleman  was  the  son  of  Arthur  Moore, 
M.  P.,  &c. ;  and  MK.  CABKUTHERS  (Vol.  x., 
p.  240.)  repeats  this,  and  adds,  that  his  father  was 
the  Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Plantations.  This 
is  probable,  and  has  been  often  stated  before ;  but 
as  MR.  CARRUTHERS  seems  to  have  studiously 
avoided  such  assertion  in  his  edition  of  Pope 
(Vol.  iii.,  p.  199.),  where  he  merely  records  cer- 
tain facts  from  which  it  might  be  inferred,  I 
should  be  glad  to  know  what  are  the  circumstances 
and  authorities  which  have  led  him  to  form  a 
positive  opinion  on  the  subject.  S.  J.  M. 

Letters  of  Swift  and  his  Cotemporaries.  — 
There  is  a  passage  in  the  Literary  Memoirs  of 
J.  Cradoch,  vol.  i.  p.  132.,  which  at  this  moment 
seems  to  me  especially  deserving  the  attention  of 
some  of  your  correspondents.  Speaking  of  the 
election  at  Cambridge,  and  a  visit  to  the  Duke  of 
Rutland,  he  says  : 

"  During  our  protracted  stay  at  Cheveley,  Mr.  Pitt  and 
I  were  entrusted  with  the  key  of  a  very  large  old  cabinet, 
which  contained  manuscripts  and  letters  from  Lord  Bo- 
lingbroke,  Dean  Swift,  and  many  of  the  first  literati  of 
those  times.  They  had  belonged,  as  I  understood,  to  the 
great  Lord  Granby ;  but  at  this  very  season  there  was  no 
leisure  to  examine  them;  and  though  an  appointment 
was  agreed  upon  afterwards  for  that  purpose,  yet  other 
avocations  interfered,  and  no  progress  that  I  know  of  has 
since  been  made  in  the  inquiry." 

L.  S.  C. 


"  ANNOTATED   EDITION   OF    THE    ENGLISH   POETS  :  " 
OLDHAM. 

It  is  with  great  reluctance  that  I  make  any  ob- 
servation unfavourable  to  such  a  work  as  the 
Annotated  Edition  of  the  English  Poets,  a  work 
which  I  have  read  with  much  pleasure,  and  for 
which  the  public  cannot  but  feel  greatly  indebted 
to  Mr.  Robert  Bell ;  but  yet,  when  such  an  ex- 
traordinary slip  as  the  following  occurs,  I  cannot 
but  think  that  a  "  Note  "  should  be  made  thereon, 
if  it  be  only  to  show  that  Bonus  Homerus  can  not 
only  sleep  sometimes,  but  sleep  as  though  he  had 
drank  mandragora  to  boot. 

In  that  virulent  satire  against  the  Jesuits  by 
Oldham,  entitled  Loyola's  Will,  the  poet  makes 


the  general  of  the  Order,  whilst  lamenting  the 
publication  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  speak  thus : 

"  But  charge  him  chiefly  not  to  touch  at  all 
The  dangerous  works  of  that  old  Lollard,  Paul ; 
That  arrant  Wickliffist,  from  whom  our  foes 
Take  all  their  batteries  to  attack  our  cause. 
Would  he,  in  his  first  years,  had  martyr'd  been, 
Never  Damascus,  nor  the  Vision  seen ; 
Then  he  our  party  was,  stout  vigorous, 
And  fierce  in  chase  of  heretics  like  us ; 
Till  he  at  length,  by  the  enemy  seduced. 
Forsook  us,  and  the  hostile  side  espoused." 

Is  it  credible  that  any  reader  of  these  lines  should 
have  supposed  that  they  alluded  to  any  but  the 
Apostle  of  the  Gentiles  ?  And  yet  we  have  a 
tolerably  long  foot-note,  informing  us  gravely 
that  the  person  in  question  is  "  The  famous  Father 
Paul  Sarpi ! "  Was  he  at  Damascus  ?  What 
vision  did  he  see  ?  I  can  hardly  believe  Mr. 
Bell  to  have  written  this  note,  and  yet  he  is  re- 
sponsible for  it.  W.  J.  BERNHARD  SMITH. 
Temple. 


CURIOUS   PREDICTIONS. 

Inclosed  are  translations  from  my  short-hand 
notes  of  curious  predictions  relating  to  the  present 
eventful  times.  I  shall  be  glad  if  you  can  find  a 
corner  for  them  in  your  valuable  periodical,  to 
stimulate  your  readers  to  similar  contributions. 

From  the  Nonconformist  of  Wednesday,  May  17,  1848. 

"  We  copy  the  following  curious  document  from  the 
Caledonian  Mercury  of  May  7,  1842.  '  A  circumstance  of 
a  very  remarkable  kind  has  just  come  to  our  knowledge, 
to  which  we  would  call  the  attention  of  the  friends  of  the 
Church  at  this  very  interesting  period.  It  would  appear 
that,  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  the  chap- 
laincy of  the  Edinburgh  jail  was  filled  by  an  old  man 
named  Lunn.  He  was  a  very  learned  man,  and  had  given 
much  attention  to  unfulfilled  prophecy.  About  the  year 
1804,  he  commenced  publishing  a  series  of  papers  on  the 
subject ;  but  on  account  of  the  indifference  of  the  public, 
they  were  discontinued,  and  his  expositions  were  confined 
to  conversational  lectures  to  the  young  men  with  whom 
he  came  in  contact.  Our  informant,  who  is  about  seventy 
years  of  age,  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  one  of  them ;  and 
as  he  carefully  marked  the  chief  points  alluded  to  by  his 
venerable  instructor,  he  has  been  in  the  habit  of  alluding 
frequently  to  passing  events,  as  fulfilling  predictions  of 
Mr.  Lunn.  The  apparently  remarkably  correct  fulfil- 
ment of  several  of  these  predictions,  has  induced  us  to 
record  as  possible,  not  only  of  the  past,  but  supposed 
future  events.  We  need  scarcely  remind  our  readers  .  .  . 
Our  object  in  bringing  this  matter  before  the  public,  is 
partly  to  record  those  predictions  which  are  yet  to  be 
proved,  but  more  especially  to  get  our  friends  to  search 
among  their  old  pamphlets  for  the  lost  papers,  which 
may  probably  contain  a  development  of  his  principles  of 
interpretation.  Those  printers  who  were  in  business 
about  the  period  referred  to,  1804,  would  do  well  to  ex- 
amine their  vouchers.  We  would  also  suggest,  that  the 
surviving  friends  and  relatives  of  Mr.  Lunn  ought  to 
search  for  such  papers,  and  collect  from  those  who  re- 
member his  conversations  the  statements  which  he  made 
upon  the  subject.  The  following  are  given  us  by  our 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


informant :  —  1.  In  1827  the  Russians  would  show  to 
the  world  that  they  were  able  to  conquer  the  Turks. 
2.  The  French  royal  family,  then  in  Holyrood  House, 
would  be  restored ;  but  would  not  continue  on  the  throne 
beyond  1830,  when  they  would  be  driven  from  power 
never  again  to  return.  About  the  year  1830  there  would 
be  a  reform  in  Parliament,  and  our  informant  was  to 
know  that  this  was  to  take  place  when  he  saw  the  differ- 
ent trades  uniting  like  the  masons.  The  Tories  would 
be  thrown  out  for  a  time,  and  great  convulsions  would 
follow  in  the  political  world.  In  1840  there  would  be  a 
great  effort  made  to  extend  the  Church  of  Scotland ;  but 
this  would  be  the  cause  of  much  opposition  and  conten- 
tion, and  would  not  be  successful.  In  the  year  1843,  the 
Church  was  to  be  thrown  into  great  difficulties,  and  infi- 
delity and  irreligion  would  prevail  to  a  fearful  extent 
for  a  long  time  ...  In  1848  there  would  be  a  terrible 
convulsion,  and  there  would  be  no  peace  till  1863.  In 
1863  there  would  be  restoration  of  peace  to  the  Church, 
and  all  the  true  churches  would  be  united.  The  Jews 
are  to  be  restored  to  their  own  land,  and  to  be  a  political 
power  there  as  in  the  days  of  Solomon.  Russia  is  to  be 
the  '  instrument  for  restoring  them.'  " 

Extracts  from  German  Prophecies,  Blackwood's  Magazine, 
May,  1850. 

"Brother  Herrmann,  a  monk  of  the  monastery  of 
Lehnin,  who  flourished  about  A.D.  1270,  wrote  prophecies 
in  Latin  verse  which  refer  to  the  present  times,  and  were 
printed  in  1723  by  Professor  Lilienthal  from  an  old 
manuscript.  It  is  chiefly  in  the  form  of  a  brief  prophetic 
history  of  the  House  of  Hohenzollern,  the  now  royal  house 
of  Prussia.  One  line  relating  to  Frederick  the  Great 
is  curious :  '  Flantibus  hinc  Austris,  vitam  vult  credere 
claustris ' — When  the  south  wind  blows,  he  trusts  his  life 
to  the  cloisters.  In  fact,  Frederick,  when  hard  pressed 
by  the  Austrians,  was  once  compelled  to  conceal  himself  in 
a  monastery.  Of  the  present  King  Frederick  William  III. 
he  says :  '  At  length  he  bears  the  sceptres  who  shall  be 
the  last  of  his  race.'  Other  prophecies  coincide  with  this 
in  predicting  that  the  present  will  be  the  last  Kiiig  of 
Prussia.  Joseph  Von  Gorres,  who  died  Jan.  1848,  before 
the  last  revolution  in  France,  on  his  death-bed  lamented 
the  misfortunes  about  to  come  on  Poland,  described  Hun- 
gary as  appearing  to  him  one  huge  field  of  carnage,  and 
wept  over  the  approaching  downfall  of  the  European 
mor.archs.  Jaspers,  a  Westphalian  peasant,  who  died 
soon  after  1830,  predicted  as  follows :  '  A  great  road  will 
be  carried  through  our  country  from  east  to  west,  which 
will  pass  through  the  forests  of  Bodelschwing.  On  this 
road  carriages  will  run  without  horses,  and  cause  a  dread- 
ful noise.  At  the  commencement  of  this  work,  a  great 
scarcity  will  here  prevail ;  pigs  will  become  very  dear ; 
and  a  new  religion  will  arise,  in  which  wickedness  will  be 
regarded  as  prudence  and  politeness.  Before  this  road  is 
quite  completed,  a  frightful  war  will  break  out.  The 
railway  from  Cologne  to  Minden,  which  was  not  com- 
pleted in  1849  when  wars  broke  out  .  .  .  After  this, 
another  war  will  break  out :  not  a  religious  war  among 
Christians,  but  between  those  who  belie%-e  in  Christ,  and 
those  who  do  not  believe.  This  war  comes  from  the  East ; 
I  dread  the  East.  This  war  will  break  out  suddenly.  In 
the  evening  they  will  cry  '  Peace !  peace ! '  and  yet  peace 
is  not.  In  the  morning  the  enemy  will  be  at  the  door ; 
yet  it  shall  soon  pass,  and  he  who  knows  of  a  good  hiding- 
place  for  a  few  days  is  secure  ...  In  the  year  in  which 
the  great  war  will  break  out  there  will  be  so  fine  a  spring, 
that  in  April  the  cows  will  be  feeding  in  the  meadows  on 
luxuriant  grass  ...  A  great  battle  will  be  fought  at  the 
birch  tree,  between  Unna,  Hamm,  and  Werl ;  the  people  of 
half  the  world  will  there  be  opposed  to  each  other.  God 


will  terrify  the  enemy  by  a  dreadful  storm.  Of  the  Rus- 
sians, but  few  shall  return  home  to  tell  of  their  defeat . . . 
The  Poles  are  at  first  put  down ;  but  they  will,  along 
with  other  nations, 'fight  against  their  oppressors,  and  at 
last  obtain  a  king  of  their  own  . . .  France  will  be  divided 
internally  into  three  parts.  Spain  will  not  join  in  the 
war  .  .  .  Austria  will  be  fortunate,  provided  she  do  not 
wait  too  long.  The  Papal  chair  will  be  vacant  for  a  time 
.  .  .  Germany  shall  have  one  king,  and  then  shall  come 
happy  times.'  Spielbahn,  who  died  in  1783,  says :  '  In 
that  time  it  will  be  hardly  possible  to  distinguish  the 
peasant  from  the  noble.  Courtly  manners,  and  worldly 
vanity,  will  reach  to  a  height  hitherto  unequalled.  Human 
intellect  will  do  wonders,  and  on  this  account  men  will 
more  and  more  forget  God.  They  will  mock  at  God, 
thinking  themselves  omnipotent  because  of  the  carriages 
which  shall  run  through  the  whole  world  without  being 
drawn  by  animals.  And  because  courtly  vices,  sensuality, 
and  sumptuousness  of  apparel  are  then  so  great,  God  will 
punish  the  world.  A  poison  shall  fall  on  the  fields,  and 
a  great  famine  shall  afflict  the  country .  .  .  The  whole 
city  of  Cologne  shall  then  see  a  fearful  battle.  Men  of 
foreign  nations  shall  here  be  killed,  and  men  and  women 
shall  fight  for  their  faith  .  .  .  Men  will  then  wade  in 
blood  up  to  their  ancles  .  .  .  &c.'  " 

W.  H. 
Hull. 


LETTEK   OF   MRS.  HANNAH   MOEE. 

I  think  that  the  following  letter  may  interest 
many  of  your  readers.  As  it  is  written  compa- 
ratively speaking  lately,  I  give  merely  the  initials 
of  the  persons  whose  names  are  mentioned. 

My  dear  General, 

Tho'  those  barbarous  R s  have  run  away 

from  me,  I  am  determined  that  they  shall  not  mo- 
nopolise you.  To  be  sure,  they  do  all  the  good  in 
the  world ;  but  if  the  maxim  be  true,  that  to  do 
good  is  only  to  make  "  un  ingrat  et  mille  mecon- 
tents,"  it  must  be  better  to  do  no  good  at  all,  and 
so  poor  I  sit  down  contented  not  to  do  any,  to  es- 
cape so  wide  a  mischief.  I  am  really  anxious  to 
know  how  you  are,  and  I  will  thank  you  for  a  line, 
especially  if  it  tells  me  you  are  better,  as  I 
earnestly  hope. 

I  wish  you  had  been  here  yesterday,  you  would 

have  met  an  interesting  trio ;  Mr.  B ,  home 

secretary  to  the  Bible  Society,  Mr.  L — -,  our 
secretary,  spick  and  span  new  from  Constantinople, 

ahd  Dr.  P ,  from  Russia.  My  friend  from  the 

land  of  the  Turks  thinks  war  inevitable.  Let  us 
join  our  prayers  that  this  worst  of  evils,  may  be 
averted.  You  will  be  glad  to  hear  from  them 
that  the  Bible  Society  is  in  a  flourishing  state. 
The  Scotch  have  just  sent  a  handsome  subscrip- 
tion. All  is  peace. 

My  present  companion,  Miss  T ,  is  gone  to- 
day to  the  Annual  Bible  Meeting  at  Bristol, 
where  these  gentlemen  will  make  important  com- 
munications. She  longs  to  know  you. 

Condole  with  me,  my  dear  Sir,  on  my  unhappy 
lot ;  it  is  my  hard  destiny  to  have  been  born  in 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


461 


the  age  of  autographs,  albums,  and  bazaars.  It 
is  purely  the  age  of  perfection  in  small  things. 
Half  my  time,  and  what  is  worse,  all  my  eyes  are 
embarked  in  this  hard  service.  The  dimensions 
of  the  mind  shrink  up  to  nothing  in  this  incessant 
frivolity.  Do,  my  dear  Sir,  invent  a  plan  for  ex- 
erting our  energies  on  something  a  little  bigger. 
I  must  tell  you  that  I  am  a  great  enemy  to  books 
of  extracts,  beauties,  &c. :  the  young  misses  learn 
a  few  passages  from  these,  and  having  picked  out 
the  plums,  leave  the  plundered  pudding  for  those 
who  have  more  curiosity  or  patience;  thus  we 
have  quoters  and  reciters,  but  not  substantial 
readers. 

Adieu,  my  dear  Sir ; 

Believe  me  to  remain  your  very  obliged  and 
faithful  servant, 

HANNAH  MORE. 
Barley  Wood,  13th  March,  1828. 

One  of  the  obstacles,  I  would  observe,  in  the 
way  of  publishing  a  good  memoir  of  great  men 
and  women  is,  that  their  most  interesting  and 
characteristic  letters,  which  ought  to  be  in  the 
hands  of  the  biographer,  are  lying  carefully  se- 
creted in  the  secretaries  of  relatives  and  friends. 
EUSTACE  W.  JACOB. 

Crawley,  Winchester. 


English  Lady  Attendants  on  tfie  Army.  —  The 
zeal  and  energy  of  our  countrywomen,  in  going 
forth  to  the  Crimea  to  nurse  the  sick  and  wounded, 
needs  no  comment  from  us.  Their  devotion  is  of 
European  fame.  That  women  of  high  rank  and 
station,  endowed  with  every  gift  of  fortune,  should 
thus  make  a  sacrifice  so  great,  fills  us  with  ad- 
miration and  respect.  Let  me  however  assure 
your  readers,  that  this  same  noble  spirit  has  ever 
animated  the  breast  of  Englishwomen.  There  is 
a  curious  circumstance  mentioned  in  Ballard's 
Memoirs  of  several  Ladies  of  Great  Britain,  which 
is  deserving  of  a  nook  in  your  curious  volumes. 
Speaking  of  Margaret,  Countess  of  Richmond, 
mother  of  Henry  VII.,  he  quotes  Camden's  Re- 
mains (edit.  1657,  p.  271.).  She  would  often  say, 

"  On  condition  that  the  Princes  of  Christendom  would 
combine  themselves,  and  march  against  the  common 
enemy  the  Turks,  she  would  most  willingly  attend  them, 
and  be  their  laundress  in  the  camp." 

Though  the  circumstance  is  not  exactly  parallel, 
as^"the  common  enemy"  is  now  our  ally,  the 
spirit  is  surely  the  same.  And  I  am  sure  our 
gallant  army  would  be  glad  of  a  laundress  (what 
shall  we  say  to  a  Royal  one?),  judging  from  the 
reports  we  have  of  the  scarcity  of  water,  even  to 
wash  their  faces.  All  honour  to  Miss  Nightingale 
and  her  devoted  band !  All  honour  to  some  noble 
hearts,  who  are  now  preparing  to  go  forth !  Let 


them  however  know,  that  the  mother  of  a  king 
has  expressed  a  similar  solicitude  for  that  brave 
profession  which  nobly  fights  our  battles. 

RICHARD  HOOPER. 

Pall  Mall.  —  "  Bowling,  horse-racing,  cock- 
fighting,  the  fight  of  quails  and  of  partridges,  bull- 
baiting,  pall-mall,  billiards,  and  all  other  games," 
&c.,  are  the  words  of  Jeremy  Taylor,  Duct.  Dub., 
iv.  i.  §  31.  W.  R.  C. 

Second  Blooming  and  Bearing  of  Fruit.  — I  send 
you  two  records  :  one  rather  singularly  corro- 
borative of  an  ancient  credence,  perhaps  not  pecu- 
liar to  this  remote  part  of  the  kingdom  ;  and  the 
other  illustrative  of  the  splendid  autumnal  weather 
in  these  parts,  and  affording  to  myself  and  several 
aged  folks  the  first  known  instance  of  fruit-trees 
in  England  bearing  two  crops  in  one  season. 

1.  Last  year  I  was  walking  in  the  garden  of  a 
neighbouring  farmer,  aged  seventy-one.   We  came 
up  to  an  apple-tree,  heavily  laden  with  nearly 
ripe  fruit ;    and  perceived  a  sprig  of  very  late 
bloom,  a  kind  of  second  edition.     He  told  me, 
rather  gravely,  that  in  his  boyhood  this  occur- 
rence was  invariably  held  to  herald  a  death  in  the 
family  within  two  or  three  months.    On  my  joking 
him  about  Welsh  credulity,  he  pretended  not  to 
believe  the  idle  lore ;  but  evidently  was  glad  to 
pass  from  the  subject.     His  brother,  aged  sixty- 
eight,  in  perfect  health  then,  who  resided  in  the 
same  house,  was  dead  within  six  weeks !     A  few 
weeks  afterwards,  walking  in  our  own  orchard,  I 
discovered  a   still  later  blossom  on   a   Ripstone 
Pippin  tree;    and  called    a  man-servant,    aged 
sixty-three,  to  look  at  it.     He  at  once  told  me, 
with  some  concern,  that  it  always  foretold  death 
in  the  family ;    he  had   known   many  instances. 
Singularly  enough,  he  himself  was  dead  within  a 
very  few  weeks !     I  build  no  theory  upon  these 
instances,   but   merely  record   them    as    coming 
within  my  own  knowledge. 

2.  A  Jargonelle  pear-tree,  in  the  garden  of  a 
friend  at  Pembroke,  having  borne  a  good  crop 
this  summer,  has  a  second  now  ;  the  fruit  being  at 
present  as  large  as  a  bantam's  egg.     Twice  to 
blossom  is  not  very  unusual,  and  in  this  case  the 
second  was  a  beautiful  and  luxuriant  bloom  ;  but 
twice  to  form  fruit — and  there  is  a  good  crop  this 
time  as  well  as  before — I  suppose   ia  not   well 
established.     Perhaps  this  paper  will   call   forth 
some  other  cases  from  distant  correspondents. 

B.B. 
Tenby. 

The  Forts  of  Sebastopol. — It  has  been  lately 
stated,  more  than  once,  in  several  of  the  leading 
journals,  that  the  fortifications  of  Sebastopol  are 
composed  of  granite.  "Now,  in  books  of  travels 
worthy  of  credit,  the  stratification  of  the  Crimea 
is  compared  to  that  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  the 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


houses  and  forts  are  said  to  be  built  of  limestone. 
Granite  may  have  been  conveyed  from  a  distance, 
but  my  impression  is  that  there  is  none.  In  con- 
sequence of  this  error  (if  such  it  be)  unfair  com- 
parisons are  made  between  the  operations  of  the 
Baltic  fleet  and  that  of  the  Black  Sea.  The  true 
inference,  in  my  opinion,  is  this ;  that  if  so  little 
damage  was  done  to  the  soft  limestone,  still  less 
injury  could  have  been  inflicted  on  the  granite 
batteries  of  Cronstadt ;  and  that  it  would  have 
been  the  height  of  rashness  and  folly  to  have 
made  the  attempt.  A  young  middy  informed  his 
parents  in  a  letter,  that  the  admirals  had  recon- 
noitered  Cronstadt,  and  were  of  opinion  that  it 
could  not  be  taken,  adding,  "  but  I  differ  from 
them."  Depend  upon  it,  our  brave  commanders 
know  best.  C.  T. 

Mountains  of  the  Crimea.  —  The  following  ex- 
tract from  Pallas  is  descriptive  of  the  chain  of 
mountains,  on  the  western  extremity  of  which  the 
Allies  are  attacking  the  eastern  water-gate  of  the 
Russian  empire : 

"Dans  un  pays  qui  a  des  montagnes  si  e'leve'es,  que 
quelque  part  la  neige  et  la  glace  s'y  conservent  pendant 
tout  1'ete,  qui  d'ailleurs  est  isole  par  la  mer,  on  devrait, 
selon  les  lois  geneVales  de  la  nature,  s'attendre  h,  trouver 
les  trots  ordres  de  montagnes :  les  primitives  granitiques 
pour  centre  d'elevation;  les  schisteuses  s£condaires;  et 
les  tertiaires  u  couches  horizontals,  mele'es  de  petrifac- 
tions ;  ou  bien,  coinme  en  Sicile,  un  noyau  ou  centre  vol- 
canique  et  les  couches  se'condaires  et  tertiaires  sur  les  con- 
tours. Mais  en  Tauride  il  n'existe  ni  1'un  ni  1'autre  de 
ces  arrangements  observes  dans  tous  les  autres  pays  de 
montagne.  L'on  ne  voit,  dans  1'escarpement  maritime  de 
toute  la  haute  chaine  des  Alpes  de  la  Tauride  rien  que 
des  couches  secondaires  du  dernier  ordre,  inclinees  sur 
1'horizon  &  un  angle  plus  ou  moins  approchant  celui  de 
45  degres  et  presque  toutes  plus  ou  moins  paralleles 
pose"es  dans  une  direction  qui  varie  entre  le  sud-ouest  et 
le  nord-ouest.  Toutes  ces  couches  sont  done  coupees  par 
la  direction  de  la  cote,  et  on  les  voit  toutes  a  decouvert  sur 
1'escarpement  maritime  des  montagnes,  comme  les  feuillets 
d'un  livre  ou  les  tomes  d'une  bibliothe'que."  —  Tab.  de  la 
Taur.,  p.  3. 

Dr.  Clarke  compares  the  perceptible  elevations 
of  the  peninsula,  visible  even  in  its  plains,  in  their 
alternate  order,  to  the  teeth  of  a  saw  (vol.  i. 
p.  508.).  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

English  Newspapers.  —  All  the  world  admires 
the  political  knowledge  and  the  vast  insight  into 
the  proceedings  and  views  of  foreign  councils  and 
cabinets,  which  the  correspondents  of  the  daily 
London  newspapers  exhibit  —  more  particularly 
the  great  head  and  leader  of  them  all  —  present- 
ing to  our  age  enlightened  means  and  appliances 
unknown  to  our  ancestors.  But  how  is  it  that 
these  well-informed  gentlemen  seldom  condescend 
to  embellish  their  letters  with  attractions  bor- 
rowed from  the  foreign  press,  announcing  and  cele- 
brating the  advent  of  the  literary  productions  and 


phenomena  of  the  day  ?  Are  they  forbidden  to 
do  so  ?  And  is  it  that  material  interests  are  so 
absorbingly  present  to  them,  that  the  infinitely 
loftier  and  imperishable  qualifications  of  literature 
and  science  disappear  and  are  lost  amidst  the 
thunder  and  lightning  of  political  sensations,  com- 
munications, and  leaders  ?  Surely  it  would  be  a 
most  grateful  relief  to  many  readers  if  steady  and 
constant  glimpses  into  the  regions  of  pure  intel- 
lect were  afforded  to  Englishmen  by  critics,  who, 
living  at  the  fountain-head  of  intelligence  in  the 
capital  cities  of  Europe  and  of  the  world,  hear  of 
everything  and  know  everything  ?  How  is  it,  for 
instance,  that  we  hear  nothing  except  from  French 
papers,  which  are  closed  to  the  millions,  of  the 
admirable  and  every  way  remarkable  speech  of  the 
Bishop  of  Orleans,  on  his  admission  as  a  member 
into  the  French  Academy  ?  Such  a  speech  in- 
terests not  only  France,  but  the  whole  civilised 
world  ;  which  sees  in  its  author  a  man  deserving 
to  be  a  countryman  of  Fenelon,  and  a  bishop 
worthy  of  the  first  ages  of  Christianity.  X.  Y. 


SUPPRESSION    OF   THE    TEMPLARS. 

"  The  horrible  and  grotesque  offences  charged  upon  the 
Templars,"  says  the  Rev.  J.  Mendham  in  his  Additions 
to  Three  Minor  Works,  "  were  first  brought  to  light  by 
Peter  Dupuy,  French  King's  Councillor,  from  the  Royal 
Inventory  of  Charters  at  Paris,  in  which  is  contained  a 
register  entitled  Processus  contra  Templarios.  The  papal 
bull  for  instituting  the  inquiry  is  found  in  Rymer's  Feed., 
vol.  iii.  p.  101.  seqq.  ed.  1706,  and  elsewhere ;  but  the 
Articles  of  Inquiry,  which  formally  and  distinctly  specify 
the  charges  on  which  it  is  grounded,  were  never  published 
before,  and  are  proportionably  important.  See  Traitez 
de  la  Condemnation  des  Templiers,  §•<:.,  a  Bruselle,  1702, 
p.  158.  seqq." 

I  have  been  for  some  time  collecting  materials 
in  connexion  with  the  history  of  the  Templars  in 
Ireland,  and  have  more  than  once  heard  from, 
various  sources  that  similar  articles  of  inquiry 
were  exhibited  against  the  Irish  Templars,  and 
that  they  were  printed  in,  if  I  understood  aright, 
one  of  the  Record  Commission  publications,  but 
hitherto  have  failed  in  obtaining  any  reference  to 
the  publication.  I  would  therefore  feel  grateful 
to  any  of  your  readers  who  would  inform  me :  — 
1st.  Are  such  Articles  of  Inquiry  in  existence  ? 
2nd.  In  what  repository  are  they  preserved? 
3rd.  Have  they  been  printed,  and  where  ? 

In  addition  to  these  Queries  I  will  feel  still 
farther  obliged  to  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  who 
would  direct  me  to  any  list  of  printed  works 
bearing  on  the  history  of  the  Order,  and  more 
especially  at  the  period  of  its  suppression,  or  in- 
form me  what  materials,  used  in  part  or  passed 
over  in  silence,  still  exist  in  the  MS.  repositories 
of  either  England  or  Ireland.  References  to 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


463 


continental  works  illustrative  of  this]  subject  will 
also  be  acceptable.  EKIVRI. 

Cushendall,  co.  Antrim. 


THE   GREAT   SMITH   FESTIVAL. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  us  any  inform- 
ation respecting  the  great  family  gathering  of  the 
Smiths  in  London,  a  century  or  two  ago  ?  I  have 
recently  had  under  my  eye  — 

"  A  Congratulatory  Poem  upon  the  Noble  Feast  made 
by  the  Ancient  and  Renowned  Families  of  the  Smiths : 
London,  printed  for  Francis  Smith,  at  the  Elephant  and 
Castle,  near  the  Royal  Exchange,  in  Cornhill." 

This  curious  poem  consists  of  one  hundred  and 
seventy-four  lines,  printed  in  three  columns,  on 
one  side  of  a  broad-sheet,  13  by  16 £  inches  square. 
It  is  without  date ;  but  the  poet,  in  recounting  the 
honours  of  the  tribe,  refers  to  one  Smith  who  dis- 
tinguished himself  and  the  family  against  the 
Spanish  Armada  in  1588  ;  and  another  — 

"  At  Hogans  Coast  in  the  late  Holland  war." 

The  gathering  must  have  been  very  large,  and 
all  present,  whether  of  high  or  low  degree,  bore 
the  distinguished  name  of  Smith,  —  according  to 
our  poet, 

"  A  Name  whose  early  glorys  were  so  hurl'd 
About  ev'n  in  the  Non-age  of  the  World, 
That  the  other  Families  were  hardly  known, 
When  this  had  waded  far  in  bright  Renown." 

The  dinner  was  probably  given  in  Drapers' 
Hall ;  and  all,  from  the  lord  who  presided  to  the 
lowest  waiter  who  brought  in  the  cabbage,  were 
Smiths.  Nor  was  all  the  tribe  there ;  for  we 
learn  that  a  liberal  contribution  was  taken  up  for 
those  too  poor  to  be  present.  They  resolved  to 
make  it  an  annual  festival  to  last  for  all  time. 

The  poet's  great  card  was,  of  course,  Capt.  John 
Smith,  "  sometime  Governor  of  Virginia."  The 
chief  decorations  of  the  hall  seem  to  have  been 
flags  emblazoned  with  the  three  Turks'  heads  — 

"  Purchas'd  by  Smith  of  CrudwelCs  famous  deeds." 

One  great  object  of  the  festival  appears  to  have 
been  for  genealogical  purposes.  If  all  the  families 
brought  with  them  their  genealogical  trees,  the 
scene  might  have  reminded  one  of  Burnham 
Wood.  G.  M.  B. 


dftttiurr 

Playing  Cards.  —  A  friend  informs  me  of  having 
seen  at  Penshurst  a  curious  old  card-table,  the 
cloth  of  which  is  worked  in  exactly  the  same 
manner  as  one  at  Holyrood,  which  is  called  Queen 
Elizabeth's  work,  and  to  which  it  would  seem  to 
be  the  fellow.  The  device  is,  a  pack  of  cards 
strewed  about  a  table,  purses  with  golden  coins 


pouring  out  of  them,  and  markers,  all  mixed  to- 
gether in  considerable  confusion.  The  cards  being 
worked  with  the  same  pictures  as  those  in  present 
use,  suggested  the  following  Query,  viz.  How 
long  have  cards  been  used  with  the  present  pic- 
tures ?  Ace  of  spades  is  worked  plain  on  the 
table  in  question,  i.  e.  without  the  duty-mark. 

J.  S.  A. 
Old  Broad  Street. 

Stonehenge.  —  Some  years  ago  it  was  stated,  at 
a  meeting  of  the  Society  of  Architects,  that  the 
larger  stones  of  Stonehenge  are  of  foreign  white 
marble,  and  that  they  were  originally  hewn  in  a 
regular  form,  their  present  irregularity  being 
owing  to  the  influence  of  the  atmosphere.  I  have 
endeavoured  in  vain  to  ascertain  the  accuracy  of 
this  statement,  and  shall  be  glad  if  any  of  your 
readers  can  set  me  right  on  the  subject. 

THOMAS  GIPPING. 

Ispwich. 

Charles  Lamb.  —  Among  the  essays  of  Elia, 
and  at  the  conclusion  of  that  very  fine  one  on  the 
"  Two  Races  of  Men,"  will  be  found  the  following 
passage : 

"  Reader,  if  haply  thou  art  blessed  with  a  moderate 
collection,  be  shy  of  showing  it ;  or,  if  thy  heart  over- 
floweth  to  lend  them,  lend  thy  books,  but  let  it  be  to  such 
a  one  as  S.  T.  C.  He  will  return  them  (generally  antici- 
pating the  time  appointed)  with  usury ;  enriched  with 
annotations  tripling  their  value.  I  have  had  experience. 
Many  are  those  precious  MSS.  of  his  (in  matter  oftentimes, 
and  almost  in  quantity  not  unfrequently,  vying  with  the 
originals),  in  no  very  clerkly  hand,  legible  in  my  Daniel  *, 
in  Old  Burton,  in  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  and  in  those  ab- 
struser  cogitations  of  the  Greville,  now,  alas !  wandering 
in  Pagan  lands  (the  book  wandering,  not  Greville).  I 
counsel  thee,  shut  not  thy  heart  nor  thy  library  against 
S.  T.  C." 

Now,  can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform 
me  in  whose  custody  those  "  preciously  enriched 
tomes  "  are  now  reposing  ?  Surely  the  Anatomy, 
Urn  Burial,  and  the  lucubrations  of  Fulke  Greville, 
once  the  property  of  the  author  of  Elia,  and  en- 
riched with  the  annotations  of  Samuel  Taylor 
Coleridge,  are  no  common  literary  treasures,  and 
I,  for  one,  should  like  to  know  where  they  are. 

K.B. 

Headingley. 

[Our  correspondent  will  find  Coleridge's  Letters  to 
Lamb  respecting  Daniel's  Poems,  and  some  of  his  notes 
upon  them,  in  our  6th  Vol.,  p.  117.  et  seq.—Eo.  "  N.  &  Q."] 

Does  a  Circle  round  the  Moon  foretell  had 
Weather?  — In  "N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vi'ii.,  p.  79.,  I 
asked  "  if  the  full  moon  brought  fine  weather," 
and  this  question  was  kindly  answered  by  several 
of  your  correspondents,  whom  I  noticed  differed 
in  their  opinions. 

*  Was  this  "  Daniel "  Spenser's  successor  as  poet-lau- 
reate ? 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


I  am  now  desirous  of  knowing  if  a  circle  round 
"the  moon  foretells  bad  weather,  and  if  the  larger 
the  circle,  the  more  stormy  the  weather  will  be. 

The  Spaniards  have  a  proverb  (vide  "N.  & 
Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  535.)  which  says,  "  The  circle  of 
the  moon  never  filled  a  pond,  but  the  circle  of  the 
sun  wets  a  shepherd."  W.  W. 

Malta. 

Quotations  for  Verification.  — 

"  Son  of  the  Morning,  whither  art  thou  fled  ? 
Where  hast  thou  hid  thy  many-spangled  head, 
And  the  majestic  menace  of  thine  eyes 
Felt  from  afar?"  WILLIAM  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

"  One  poet  is  another's  plagiary, 
And  he  a  third's,  till  they  all  end  in  Homer." 

"  Pereant  qui  ante  nos  nostra  dixerunt !  " 
Whence  do  these  two  quotations  come  ? 

HARRY  LEROT  TEMPLE. 


;  The  sweet  shady  side  of  Pall  Mall." 


Whence  ? 


J.P. 


"  Life  is  a  comedy  to  those  who  think :  a  tragedy  to 
those  who  feel."     Whence  ?  J.  P. 


'  I  lived  doubtful,  not  dissolute ; 
I  die  unresolved,  not  unresign'd." 


Also  its  Latin  form  ? 


W.H.E. 


"  A  Hebrew  knelt  in  the  dying  light, 

His  eye  was  dim  and  old ; 
The  hairs  on  his  brow  were  silver  white, 
And  his  blood  was  thin  and  cold." 

Can  any  reader  give  the  correct  title,  and  the  name  of  the 
publisher,  of  a  small  volume  containing  these  lines,  a 
part  of  "  The  Dying  Hebrew's  Prayer  ?  "  The  poem  bears 
a  title  something  like  "  The  Devil's  Walk,"  and  by  the 
preface  is  ascribed  to  the  editor  of  the  Court  Journal.  It 
has  three  or  four  cuts ;  the  frontispiece  is  the  devil  in  a 
wherry  on  the  Thames,  and  another  cut  shows  him  stand- 
ing on  a  slab  marked  "  Canning : " 

"  The  grave  of  him  who  would  have  made 
The  world  too  glad,  too  free." 

The  book  was  published  about  1827.  I  grieve  at  having 
lost  my  copy,  and  my  description  is  from  memory.  I 
have  been  thus  minute,  lest  my  Query  should  be  supposed 
to  refer  to  the  shorter  and  better  known  "  Devil's  Walk." 

F.  C.  B. 
Diss. 

The  Schoolmen. — I  wish  to  know  something 
more  of  the  school-philosophy  than  is  to  be  found 
in  encyclopaedias  and  histories  of  literature.  I 
.have  looked  into  Zabarella  and  Smiglecius.  The 
former  is  diffuse  in  style,  and  frivolous  in  the 
choice  of  his  subjects ;  and  the  latter  so  obscure 
and  unconnected,  that  I  laid  them  aside.  The 
logic  and  metaphysics,  which  held  their  ground 


from  the  Middle  Ages  to  the  seventeenth  century, 
must  have  produced  writers  who  could  not  only 
compile,  but  think.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
refer  me  to  one  such,  whom  he  himself  has  read  ? 
I  make  this  restriction,  because  I  do  not  desire 
the  opinions  of  cotemporaries,  but  that  of  a  living 
man,  who  has  formed  it  by  experience,  and  had 
the  advantage  of  some  modern  reading.  J.  F. 
O.  and  C.  Club. 

Sfone  Carvings  from  the  Ancient  Chapel  of 
Bomsley,  co.  Salop.  —  Visiting  at  the  farm  of  Mr. 
Creswell  of  Romsley,  niy  attention  was  directed 
to  two  stone  carvings  of  early  date,  and  rather 
curious  type,  built  into  the  stable  wall.  They 
came,  I  was  informed,  from  the  ruins  of  Romsley 
Chapel,  where  they  surmounted  the  lintel  of  the 
principal  doorway. 

The  carvings  were  bas-reliefs  on  stones  eighteen 
inches  long  by  ten  in  height,  and  evidently  repre- 
sented the  zodiacal  signs,  Leo  and  Sagittarius : 
the  former  appearing  as  a  well- executed  lion, 
standing ;  and  the  other  as  a  Centaur,  drawing  a 
bow.  Both  carvings  were  clear  and  well-defined. 

I  do  not  find  mention  of  them  in  local  histories, 
nor  yet  of  the  chapel  they  came  from ;  which  on 
visiting  I  found  nearly  level  with  the  ground, 
its  circuit  being  marked  more  by  heaps  of  broken 
stones  than  by  decided  remains.  The  building 
appeared  to  have  consisted  of  a  simple  nave  some 
forty  feet  in  length,  built  of  roughly  hewn  sand- 
stone. Numbers  of  fragments  of  encaustic  tiles 
lay  scattered  within  its  limits,  the  exact  types  of 
those  now  existing  in  the  Abbey  Church  of 
Malvern. 

Two  stone  coffins  lay  within  the  limits  of  the 
inclosure,  but  were  removed  some  few  years  ago  ; 
and  in  the  course  of  excavating  immediately  be- 
neath where  it  is  probable  the  altar  stood,  a  human 
skeleton  was  exhumed,  with  the  right  leg  doubled 
under  the  body. 

I  should  be  glad  of  any  account  of  this  chapel. 

K.  C.  WAKDE. 
Kidderminster. 

The  Blind :  Finger-reading.  —  Where  can  I 
find  the  best  account  of  the  origin  and  progress 
of  embossed  typography  for  the  use  of  the  blind  ? 
There  are  at  present  in  use  in  this  country  no  less 
than  five  or  six  different  systems  for  teaching  the 
unfortunate  blind  to  read  by  means  of  raised 
letters  ;  and  I  learn  that  a  society  is  forming,  or 
has  already  been  formed,  to  inflict  upon  the  blind 
still  another  system.  These  things  are  managed 
better  in  other  countries,  where  one  system  is 
used,  and  all  the  blind  who  read  at  all  read  the 
same  language,  and  are  enabled  to  communicate 
with  each  other.  Here  five  languages  are  used, 
and  consequently  a  person  who  learns  to  read 
Moon's  system,  cannot  of  course  read  Lucas's  or 
Alston's.  Besides,  instead  of  six  books  being 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


465 


printed  in  one  language  or  system,  one  book  is 
printed  in  six  languages.  This  is  downright  rob- 
bery of  the  blind.  Who  will  favour  the  public 
with  an  account  of  the  various  systems,  giving 
their  merits  and  demerits  ?  A.  M. 

Portrait  at  Shotesham  Park,  Norwich In- 
formation is  desired  respecting  a  curious  portrait 
of  a  gentleman  which  is  now  at  Shotesham  Park. 
He  is  represented  in  a  velvet  cap,  black  suit,  with 
ruffs,  &c.  His  left  hand  rests  on  a  skull,  on  which 
are  the  words  "  Eespice  finem."  Pen,  ink,  paper, 
and  wax  are  on  the  table ;  gloves  in  his  right 
hand.  On  the  forefinger  of  his  left  hand  is  a 
signet  ring  with  a  coat  of  arms,  viz. :  Or  (perhaps 
arg.),  on  a  bend  sable,  three  feet  coupes  of  the 
first.  On  the  right  of  the  head  are  the  dates, 
"An0.  1578,  setat.  sua?  39."  On  the  left  of  the 
head  are  the  following  verses  : 

"  Stat  sua  cuiquc  dies ;  breve  et  irreparabile  tempus 
Omnibus  est  vitaa ;  sed  famam  extendere  factis 
Hoc  virtutis  opus  —  vivit  post  funera  virtus." 
"  Integra  dum  res  est,  seram  reminiscere  finem ; 

Praemeditare  mori  —  flagitiosa  cave : 
Mors  ibi  falce  metet  qua  vitse  industria  sevit ; 
Vitaque  succrescet,  mors  ubi  falce  raetit." 

c.  s. 

Shotesham  Park,  Norwich. 

Baptist  Vincent  Lavall. — As  there  are,  I  doubt 
not,  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  in  the  custom-houses 
of  London,  Liverpool,  Bristol,  Hull,  and  other 
eommer.cial  cities  of  England,  I  would  earnestly 
ask  their  assistance  in  procuring  the  information 
for  which  I  sought  last  year  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  130.), 
namely,  whether  the  schooner  "  Sea  Otter,"  a 
vessel  of  about  200  tons,  Captain  Niles,  sailed 
from  England  in  1809  for  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  a 
voyage  after  furs.  An  affirmative  answer  would 
go  far  to  settle  the  genuineness  of  the  Tour  in  my 
possession,  the  publication  of  which  would  throw 
much  light  upon  the  manners  of  our  aborigines. 

WILLIAM  DUANE. 

Philadelphia. 

"F.  S.A."  or  "F.A.S."  —  All  our  old  anti- 
quaries write  their  names  with  F.  A.  S.,  but 
modern  Fellows  style  themselves  F.  S.  A.  I 
should  be  glad  of  an  explanation  which  is  the 
more  correct.  In  a,  work  printed  some  fifty  or 
sixty  years  since,  I  have  read,  "  F.  A.  S.,  Frater- 
nitatis  Antiquariorum  Socius,"  and  "F.  S.  A., 
Frater  Societatis  Artium."  You  will  perceive 
the  first  claims  the  "  Socius,"  which  is  not  allow- 
able to  the  Society  of  Arts. 

F.  A.  S.,  OR  F.  S.  A.,  AS  THE  CASE  MAT  BE. 

Lord  Sandivich.  —  Mr.  Hayward,  in  his  paper 
on  "  Selwyn,"  lately  republished  from  the  Edin- 
burgh Review,  mentions  (p.  66.)  that  Lord  Sand- 
wich was  a  member  of  the  notorious  Medenham 
Abbey  Society.  Will  he  be  so  obliging  as  to  state 
his  authority  ?  S.  L. 


tfluemtf  tuft!) 

"  Royal  Recollections."  —  Is  it  known  who  wrote 
Royal  Recollections  on  a  Tour  to  Cheltenham,  frc., 
in  the  Year  1788  ?  It  was  published  by  Ridgway, 
and  went  through  eleven  editions  (at  least)  within 
the  twelvemonth.  The  Ridgways  have  been  the 
great  Whig  pamphlet  publishers  for  more  than 
two-thirds  of  a  century  ;  and  a  reference  to  their 
accounts  would  throw  a  light  on  many  literary 
obscurities.  It  is  not  too  late,  and  let  us  hope 
the  opportunity  will  not  be  lost.  R.  R. 

[This  work  is  attributed  to  David  Williams,  the  founder 
of  the  Literary  Fund.  See  Watt's  Sibliotheca,  s.  v.,  and 
the  entry  in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue.] 

Irish  Archaeological  Society.  —  Perhaps  you  can 
inform  me  how  soon  the  members  of  the  Irish 
Archseological  Society  may  expect  to  receive 
something  in  return  for  their  money  ?  I  have 
paid  up  my  subscription  to  the  present  time ; 
but  I  have  not  received  a  book  for  (I  believe) 
the  last  two  years.  Surely  the  blame  lies  with 
the  public,  who,  I  regret  to  say,  are  allowing  a 
most  valuable  Society  to  languish  for  want  of 
funds.  As  stated  in  a  circular  issued  some  time 
ago  by  the  council  — 

"  The  rule  of  the  Society  requires  that  all  subscriptions 
shall  be  paid  in  advance, — a  rule  which  the  members  will 
see  to  be  perfectly  fair  and  reasonable.  The  council  give 
their  time  and  labour  gratuitously  to  the  service  of  the 
Society,  but  it  cannot  be  expected  that  they  should  make 
themselves  liable  for  the  expenses  of  publication  before- 
hand. They  can  only  publish  in  proportion  to  the  funds 
actually  paid,  and  in  their  hands." 

ABHBA. 

[It  appears  from  the  Society's  last  report,  that  "The 
Book  of  Ogham,  with  an  Introduction  on  the  ancient 
Ogham  Writing  of  the  Irish,"  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Graves,  is 
still  due  to  the  members  for  1853.  It  is  nearly  printed, 
but  the  ill  health  of  the  editor  has  occasioned"  delay  in 
the  publication.  The  book  for  1854  is  the  "  Liber  Hym- 
norum,  or  Hymnarium  of  the  ancient  Irish  Church," 
edited  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Todd.  The  first  fasciculus,  which 
is  all  that  the  funds  of  the  Society  enable  them  to  give  as 
an  equivalent  for  the  subscriptions  of  1854,  will  be  ready 
before  the  end  of  the  year,  and  will  be  delivered  to  the 
members  early  in  January.") 

"  Plurality  of  Worlds  :"  its  Author. — 

"  The  atithor  of  that  unique  work,  as  we  announced 
once  before,  has  issued  a  second  edition  in  England,  which 
is  preceded  by  a  dialogue,  wherein  he  replies  to  the  nu- 
merous objectors  to  his  theory. 

"  His  identification  as  Professor  Wliewell  seems  almost 
clear  from  the  following  answer  made  to  one  of  his  ob- 
jectors, who  tries  repeatedly  to  connect  his  speculations 
with  those  of  the  Vestiges  of  Creation. 

"  If,  says  the  author  of  the  Plurality  of  Worlds,  the 
objector  '"were  to  try  to  connect  me  with  an  answer  to 
that  book,  which  went  through  two  editions  under  the 
title  of  Indications  of  the  Creator,  he  would  be  nearer  the 
mark.  At  least,  I  adopt  the  sentiments  6f  this  latter 
book,  and  they  agree  with  those  of  the  essay,  as  the  ob- 
jector may  satisfy  himself  by  looking.  In  both  works, 
the  placing  man  on  the  earth  is  regarded  as  an  event  out 
of  the  ordinary-  course  of  nature.'  " 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


The  above  extract  is  taken  from  the  Boston 
Morning  Post  of  October  6,  1854.  Might  I  be 
permitted  to  ask,  if  Professor  Whewell  is  known 
as  the  acknowledged  author  of  the  Plurality  of 
Worlds  ?  W.  W. 

Malta. 

[The  authorship  of  the  Plurality  of  Worlds  is  attri- 
buted to  Professor  Whewell  in  the  British  Museum  Cata- 
logue. The  following  notice  respecting  the  author  of 
the  Vestiges  of  Creation  is  given  in  the  last  cumber  of  The 
AtheruBum :  "  Mr.  Page  desires  us  to  reproduce  the  sub- 
stance of  a  statement  made  by  him,  a  few  days  ago,  in 
Dundee,  as  to  the  author  of  the  Vestiges  of  Creation. 
Mr.  Page  fixes  the  authorship  on  a  gentleman  who  has 
been  generally  credited  with  the  work.  At  the  time  the 
Vestiges  was  published,  Mr.  Page  says  he  was  engaged  as 
one  of  the  literary  and  scientific  collaborateurs  of  the 
Messrs.  Chambers.  The  first  time  he  saw  it  was  in  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Wm.  Chambers,  who  came  into  his  room 
with  the  remark,  'Here  is  a  curious  work  making  some 
sensation,'  and  requesting  that  he  (Mr.  Page)  would 
write  a  notice  of  it  for  Chambers's  Edinburgh  Journal. 
For  this  purpose  Mr.  Page  took  the  work  home,  and  he 
had  not  read  twenty  pages  of  it  before  he  felt  convinced 
that  it  was  the  production  of  Mr.  Rob.  Chambers.  When 
asked  for  the  review,  he  stated  that  he  could  not  prepare 
one  for  two  reasons :  1st,  that  he  did  not  think  the  work 
suited  for  notice  in  the  Edinburgh  Journal ;  and,  2nd,  be- 
cause he  believed  it  to  be  the  production  of  Mr.  Rob. 
Chambers.  Mr.  Wm.  Chambers  received  this  announce- 
ment with  apparent  surprise,  but  denied  all  knowledge  of 
the  matter;  and  there  the  subject  dropt.  Some  time 
after,  however,  and  when  the  work  was  being  severely 
handled  by  tie  reviewers,  Mr.  Rob.  Chambers  alluded 
to  the  matter,  affecting  ignorance  and  innocence  of  the 
authorship,  upon  which  Mr.  Page  remarked,  that  had  he 
seen  the  sheets  before  going  to  press  he  could  have  pre- 
vented some  of  the  blunders.  The  consequence  of  this 
remark  was,  that  Mr.  Rob.  Chambers  sent  him  the  proof- 
sheets  of  the  second  or  third  edition  of  the  Vestiges,  with 
the  request  that  he  would  enter  on  the  margin  any  cor- 
rections or  suggestions  that  occurred.  Mr.  Page  states 
that  he  made  some  notes,  but  he  does  not  say  whether 
these  notes  were  adopted  into  the  reimpression.  How- 
ever, he  has,  as  he  declares,  'made  a  clean  breast  of  it"  at 
length ;  and  he  concludes  with  the  remark,  '  If  merit  is 
attachable  to  the  work,  the  author  will  reap  his  high  re- 
ward ;  if  demerit,  the  blame  will  at  least  fall  on  the  right 
shoulders.' "] 


MtgiM. 

ANGLO-SAXON    TYPOGRAPHY. 

(Vol.x.,  pp.  183.248.) 

The  Query  of  DK.  GILES,  I  must  confess, 
alarmed  me,  as  it  did  several  of  my  learned  friends 
in  this  place.  But  I  was  reassured  by  the  ex- 
cellent reply  of  SOB.  I  regard  the  Query 
itself  as  a  sufficient  proof  of  the  profound  igno- 
rance respecting  our  own  language  in  many 
quarters  at  home  where  we  ought  to  find  better 
things. 

As  to  the  absurd  idea  of  printing  the  old  En- 
glish J>orn  (>,  ft)  with  th,  it  is  really  too  bad.  We 
have  an  example  of  this  kind  in  the  Analecta 


Anglo- Saxonica,  published  by  Klipstein  (New 
York,  1849),  and  I  appeal  to  every  scholar  whether 
the  result  is  not  ridiculous. 

Without  reopening  the  question  of  this  ancient 
Runic  letter,  which  was  common  to  all  the  Teu- 
tonic races,  north  and  south,  from  the  earliest 
heathen  times,  I  would  merely  refer  among 
modern  authors  (for  the  great  ancients,  such  as 
Hickes  and  Worm,  are  of  course  well  known)  to 
such  names  as  Kemble,  W.  Grimm,  Dieterich, 
Lilegren,  F.  Magnusson,  &c. 

What  we  ought  to  do  is  to  restore  this  invalu- 
able double-rune  to  our  present  alphabet,  from 
which  it  ought  never  to  have  been  expelled  in  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  century,  out  of  an  idola- 
trous veneration  for  the  Latin  letters.  This  step 
has  been  recommended  by  all  the  first  philologists 
of  our  time,  such  as  Kemble,  Jac.  Grimm,  Rask, 
Latham,  &c. ;  has  been  adopted  by  the  founders  of 
the  phonetic  system ;  and  will  one  day  be  uni- 
versally accomplished,  that  is,  if  we  have  any  re- 
gard to  the  dictates  of  common  sense,  of  English 
philology,  and  of  general  scholarship,  and  the 
wants  of  our  own  children  as  well  as  of  foreigners. 

Meantime,  with  this  exception,  the  Latin  al- 
phabet by  all  means.  For  farther  hints  on  this 
head  I  beg  to  refer  to  my  articles  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  April  and  May,  1852. 

As  to  the  contemplated  publication,  what  we 
want  is,  not  book-making  or  doctored  texts,  but 
editions  of  everything  now  in  MS.,  printed  with 
religious  exactness  from  the  best  text,  with  all  the 
important  variations  added  below  or  behind  from 
the  other  MSS.,  where  the  same  piece  may  occur. 
The  professed  critic  will  afterwards  come  and  treat 
this  text  according  to  his  own  lights  or  theory. 

These  editions  must  not  be  at  prohibitory  and 
exclusive  prices,  but  as  cheap  as  possible ;  they 
must  cost  as  many  shillings  as  they  have  hitherto 
cost  guineas. 

The  annual  outlay,  for  a  few  years,  of  the  ex- 
pense of  a  single  court  banquet,  or  court  cook,  or 
parliamentary  blue  book,  would  abundantly  pay 
all  the  expenses.  Our  Society  of  Antiquaries  has 
funds  for  this  very  purpose,  and  the  government 
would  assist. 

Meantime  let  the  edition  of  the  Vercelli  Poems, 
as  published  by  Mr.  Cooper  for  the  Record  Com- 
mission, suppressed  during  so  many  years  no  one 
knows  why,  and  still  lying  and  rotting  as  parlia- 
mentary waste  paper,  be  immediately  sold  to  the 
public  at  a  low  price.  This  is  the  least  return  we 
can  demand  from  the  parties  interested  in  that 
shameless  and  most  expensive  jobbery.  How  long 
shall  we  continue  to  act  as  if  we  were  mere  fools 
or  barbarians  ? 

Not  a  moment  should  be  lost  in  publishing  the 
splendid  treasures  of  our  old  English  authors. 
They  are  of  incalculable  value,  both  in  a  literary 
point  of  view,  and  as  illustrations  of  olden  tra- 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


ditions  of  former  science,  or  superstition  of 
manners,  of  faith,  and  of  philology.  With  such 
men  as  Kemble,  and  Madden,  and  Thorpe,  among 
us,  there  can  be  no  difficulty.  I  blush  for  the 
disgraceful  apathy  we  have  hitherto  shown.  Let 
us  now  at  once  undertake  this  noble  and  patriotic 
work.  GEORGE  STEPHENS, 

Professor  of  Old-English,  and  of  the  En- 
glish language    and  literature,   in   the 
University  of  Copenhagen. 
Copenhagen. 


THE   DIVINING   BOD. 

(Continued  from  p.  451.) 

It  needs  no  reference  to  Exodus  xvii.  to  show 
why  the  divining  rod  has  so  commonly  been 
spoken  of  as  "  Moses  his  rodde,"  or  the  Mosaical 
Wand :  the  Staff  of  Jacob  was  a  mathematical 
instrument  used  in  surveying.  Thus  Butler  : 

"  Tell  me  but  what's  the  natural  cause, 
Why  on  a  sign  no  painter  draws 
The  full  moon  ever,  but  the  half  ? 
Resolve  that  with  your  Jacob's  staff." 

Hudibras,  part  ii.  canto  3. 

It  has  generally  been  held  that  a  hazel  wand  is 
most  efficacious,  or,  according  to  some,  a  twig  of 
the  shrew-ash  (an  ordinary  ash-tree,  in  an  aperture 
in  which  a  live  shrew-mouse  has  been  inserted 
and  wedged  up).  Camerarius  says  : 

"  No  man  can  tell  why  forked  stickes  of  hazel  (rather 
than  stickes  of  other  trees,  growing  upon  the  very  same 
places)  are  fit  to  show  the  places  where  the  veines  of  gold 
and  silver  are ;  the  sticke  bending  itselfe  in  the  places  at 
the  bottom,  where  the  same  veines  are."  —  The  Living 
Librarie,  S?c.,  fol.  1621,  p.  283. 

And  we  are  farther  told  that  — 

"  The  experiment  of  a  hazel's  tendency  to  a  vein  of  lead 
ore  is  limited  to  St.  John  Baptist's  Eve,  and  that  with  a 
hazel  of  that  same  year's  growth." — Athenian  Oracle, 
Supplement,  p.  234. 

Mr.  Phippen,  however,  in  the  pamphlet  before 
alluded  to,  states  that  wooden,  or  metallic,  forks 
are  indifferently  used ;  and  Agricola  affirms  that, 

"  Non  enim  valet  virgulas  figura,  sed  incantamenta  car- 
minum."  —  De  re  metallicd,  t.  ii.  pp.  26, 27,  28. 

If,  however,  all  these  fail,  mystical  writers  sup- 
ply us  with  other  means :  thus,  Albertus  Parvus 
gives  the  following  receipt  for  the  manufacture  of 
a  "  Chandelle  mysterieuse  pour  la  decouverte  des 
tresors :" 

"II  faut  avoir  une  grosse  chandelle  composed  de  suif 
humain,  et  qu'elle  soit  enclaves  dans  un  morceau  de 
bois  de  cordrier  fait  en  la  maniere  qui  est  represented 
dans  la  figure  suivante ;  et  si  la  chandelle  e'tant  allume 
dans  le  souterain  y  fait  beaucoup  de  bruit  en  pe'tillant 
avec  eclat,  c'est  une  marque  qu'il  y  a  un  thresor  en  ce 
lieu,  et  plus  on  approchera  du  thresor,  plus  la  chandelle 
pe"tillera,  et  enfin  elle  s'eteindra  quand  on  sera  tout-a-fait 


proche,"  &c.  —  Secrets  Merveilleux,  &c.,  du  Petit  Albert, 
12mo.,  Lyons,  1768,  p.  124. 

So  much  for  the  opus  operatum ;  sceptical  writers, 
however,  have  not  been  wanting  who  have  endea- 
voured to  explain  away  the  phenomenon  as  the 
opus  operantis.  Among  these  the  learned  Kircherus 
held  the  same  opinion  as  that  now  advocated  by  a 
SOMERSETSHIRE  INCUMBENT  and  MR.  J.  S.  WAR- 
DEN ;  having  probably  been  led  to  adopt  it  from 
the  apparent  insufficiency  of  his  own  magnetic 
sympathies  to  achieve  success  in  his  experiments. 

"Certfe  ego  ssepius  hujus  rei  supra  metallica  corpora 
auri  et  argenti,  experimentum  sumens,  semper  spe  mei 
frustratus  sum.  .  .  .  Atque  luculenter  adverti  mani- 
festam  esse  non  daemonis,  sed  virgam  tractantis  illu- 
Bionem."  —  Mund.  sulterr.,  torn.  ii.  1. 10.  sect.  ii.  p.  180. 

Dr.  A.  T.  Thomson,  the  editor  and  translator 
of  Salverte's  Philosophy  of  the  Occult  Sciences, 
2  vols.  8vo.,  1846,  informs  us,  in  a  note  to  that 
valuable  work,  of  a  fact  of  which  I  was  previously 
ignorant :  "  The  divining  rod,"  says  he,  "  was  also 
used  as  a  curative  agent."  Is  this  correct,  or  has 
the  learned  Doctor  fallen  into  an  error  by  con- 
founding the  divining  rod  with  the  cleft  ash-tree, 
through  which  it  was  the  custom  to  transmit  dis- 
tempered children  ? 

The  divining  rod  is  still  in  repute  in  various 
parts  of  the  Continent.  In  France,  I  am  informed, 
by  a  gentleman  from  Montbelliard  in  the  province 
of  Tranche- Comte,  that  it  is  used  with  success  in 
that  locality  by  the  Abbe  Faramel.  The  United 
States  seem  to  have  furnished  us  with  another 
Dousterswivel  in  the  person  of  the  notorious  Joe 
Smith,  the  founder  of  the  Mormons.  We  are  told 
in  a  recent  able  summary  of  the  history  of  that 
sect,  that  — 

"  For  some  years  he  led  a  vagabond  life,  about  which 
little  is  known,  except  that  he  was  called  '  Joe  Smith  the 
Money-Digger,'  and  that  he  swindled  several  simpletons 
by  his  pretended  skill  in  the  use  of  the  divining  rod."  — 
Edinburgh  Review,  No.  202.  p.  323. 

In  a  modern  Latin  poem,  the  Prcedium  Rusti- 
cum,  by  Father  Vaniere,  a  Jesuit,  we  have  an 
amusing  account  of  the  stratagem  by  which  he 
exposed  a  charlatanic  money-seeker : 

"  Me  prsesente  suam  nuper  jactantior  artem 
In  coelum  cum  ferret  aquae  scrutator  et  auri ; 
Ac  rudibus  rem  pene  viris  suaderet,  avara 
Spe  lucri  faciente  fidem ;  fruticante  sub  herba 
Quern  reperit  nummum,  sub  eodem  graminc  rursus 
Miranti  similis  coram  depono ;  manuque 
Inflectente  volens,  non  per  se  vergere  ramum, 
Errantes  oculos  alib  dum  conjicit,  aurum 
Clam  tollo :  Corylum  rursus  movet  ille,  manusque 
Continet  immotas ;  et  virgam  cuncta  trahentis 
Demonstrat  flecti  deorsum  vi  solius  auri. 
Atqui  aurum  nullum  est,  aio :  riscre  repertos 
Fraude  dolos ;  quos  ille  fugft  tacitoque  pudore 
Corifessus,  tamen  auriferam  non  abdicat  artem." 
f  'radium  Rusticum,  1730,  Toulouse,  12mo.,  lib.i. 

A  reference  may  amuse  to  the  adventures  of 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


Benedict  Mol,  the  fanatical  Swiss  treasure-seeker, 
narrated  in  Sorrow's  Bible  in  Spain. 

I  do  not  remember  that  the  divining  rod,  with  its 
mysterious  sympathy  for  hidden  value,  has  been 
made  frequent  use  of  by  our  poets  as  an  illus- 
tration or  simile.  We  find  it,  however,  among  the 
Epigrams,  Theological,  Philosophical,  and  Ro- 
mantick,  &c.,  of  Samuel  Sheppard,  London,  8vo. 
1651. 

"  Vtrgula  divina. 
"  Some  sorcerers  do  boast  they  have  a  rod 

Gather'd  with  vowes  and  sacrifice, 
And  (borne  about)  will  strangely  nod 

To  hidden  treasure  where  it  lies : 
Mankind  is  (sure)  that  rod  divine, 
For  to  the  wealthiest  (ever)  they  incline." 

Lib.  vL  Epig.  i.  p.  141. 

Swift,  in  his  lines  on  The  Virtues  of  Sid  Harriet 
the  Magiciaris  Rod  (1710),  says,  — 

"  They  tell  us  something  strange  and  odd, 
About  a  certain  magic  rod, 
That,  bending  down  its  top,  divines 
Whene'er  the  soil  has  golden  mines ; 
Where  there  are  none  it  stands  erect, 
Scorning  to  show  the  least  respect ; 
As  ready  was  the  wand  of  Sid, 
To  bend  where  golden  mines  were  hid ; 
In  Scottish  hills  found  precious  ore 
Where  none  e'er  look'd  for  it  before ; 
And  by  a  gentle  bow  divin'd 
How  well  a  cully's 'purse  was  lin'd ; 
To  a  forlorn  and  broken  rake, 
Stood  without  motion,  like  a  stake." 

Swift's  Works,  by  Sheridan,  vol.  vii.  p.  66. 

So  also  M.  F.  Tupper : 

"  The  mines  of  knowledge  are  oft  laid  bare  by  the  forked 

hazle  wand  of  chance, 

And  in  a  mountain  of  quartz  we  find  a  grain  of  gold." 
Proverbial  Philosophy,  "  Education." 

Much  more  might  be  said ;  but  I  must  now 
content  myself  with  the  addition  of  a  few  biblio- 
graphical memoranda,  which  may  enable  those  to 
pursue  the  subject  who  do  not  jump  to  the  con- 
clusion, that  because  a  thing  is  undreamt  of,  or 
as  yet  unexplained  in  our  philosophy,  it  is  ne- 
cessarily absurd  or  charlatan  ic  ;  or  if  it  is  so,  that 
it  is  therefore  not  worth  attention. 

A  Discovery  of  Subterranean  Treasure,  by  Gabriel 
Platte,  p.  11. 

Van  Helmont's  Theatrum  Chymicum,  vol.  iv.  p.  271. 

Last  Will  and  Testament  of  Basil  Valentine,  c.  13. 

Metallographia ;  a  History  of  Metals,  &c.,  by  John 
"Webster,  4to.,  London,  1671,  p.  108. 

Dictionnaire  Infernal,  &c.,  par  Colin  de  Plancv,  Paris, 
4  vols.  8vo.,  1814. 

Salverte's  Philosophy  of  the  Occult  Sciences,  by  Dr. 
A.  T.  Thomson,  London,  2  vols.  8vo.,  1846. 

Willis's  Current  Notes,  June  25,  1854,  p.  48. 

Dr.  Mayo,  On  the  Truths  contained  in  Popular  Super- 
stitions. London,  8vo.,  1851. 

Chambers's  Journal,  Nov.  5,  1853,  p.  298. 

Chambers's  Repository  of  Tracts,  "  Cornish  Mines  and 
Miners."  . 

The  Astrological  Magazine. 

Decremps'  La  Magie  Blanche  DeVoilee,  ou  Explication 


des  Tours  surprenans  qui  font  1'Admiration  de  la  Capitale 
et  de  la  Province,  avec  des  Inflexions  sur  la  Baguette 
divinatoire,  les  Automates  Joueurs  d'Echecs,  &c.,  Paris, 
8vo.,  1792. 

A  World  of  Wonders,  with  Anecdotes  and  Opinions 
concerning  Popular  Superstitions,  8vo.,  London,  1845, 
p.  249. 

Dissertation  physique  en  forme  de  lettre  a  M.  de  Sevre, 
Seigneur  de  Fle'cheres,  &c.,  12mo.,  Lyons,  1692. 

Reflexions  sur  les  Indications  de  la  Baguette  par  le  pere 
Menestrier,  12mo.,  Lyons,  1694. 

Secret  de  la  Baguette  divinatoire,  et  Moyen  de  la  faire 
tourner,  tire'  du  Grand  Grimoire,  12mo.,  p.  87. 

Works  of  Sir  T.  Browne  ("  Vulgar  Errors"),  edited  by 
Simon  Wilkin,  4  vols.  8vo.,  1836. 

Mineralogia  Cornubiensis ;  a  Treatise  on  Minerals, 
Mines,  and  Mining,  by  William  Pryce,  M.D.,  London, 
1778,  folio. 

Tilloch's  Philosophical  Magazine,  vol.  xiii.  p.  309.  (A 
paper  by  Mr.  William  Phillips). 

Transactions  of  the  Geological  Society,  vol.  ii.  p.  123. 

Voltaire,  Dictionnaire  Philosophique  ("  Verge  "). 

Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  xxi.  p.  507. 

Brand's  Popular  Antiquities,  London,  1813,  vol.  ii. 
p.  622. 

Selections,  Grave  and  Gay,  by  Thomas  de  Quincy 
("  Popular  Superstitions  "). 

Other  sources  of  information  might  doubtless 
be  added,  but  it  is  believed  that  a  reference  to 
the  works  cited  in  the  foregoing  paper  will  leave 
little  to  be  told  in  this  *  branch  of  the  science  of 
Rhabdomancy.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 


(Vol.  i.,  p.  440.) 

The  meaning  of  yeoman,  as  given  below,  is  not 
to  be  found  in  Johnson's  or  any  other  English 
dictionary : 

"  The  title  yeoman  is  generally  in  no  esteem,  because 
its  worth  is  not  known.  A  yeoman  that  is  authentically 
such,  is  by  his  title  on  a  level  with  an  esquire  .  .  .  The 
title  yeoman  is  of  military  origin,  as  well  as  that  of 
esquire  and  other  titles  of  honour.  Esquires  were  so  called 
because  in  combat  they  carried  for  defence  an  ecu  or 
shield ;  and  yeomen  were  so  styled  because,  besides  the 
weapons  fit  for  close  engagement,  they  fought  with  arrows 
and  the  bow,  which  was  made  of  yew ;  a  tree  that  hath 
more  repelling  force  and  elasticity  than  any  other. 

"  The  name  bow  seems  to  be  derived  from  yew,  or  yew 
from  bow ;  as  Walter  is  derived  from  Gauter,  Wales  from 
Gales.  The  proper  name  Eboracum,  York,  is  an  instance 
that  the  ancients,  in  transferring  words  from  one  lan- 
guage or  dialect  into  another,  sometimes  changed  y  into 
b,  or  b  into  y ;  for,  by  leaving  out  the  E  in  Eboracum  — 
which  is  done  in  several  other  words,  as  in  especial  special 
—  and  then  changing  the  b  into  y,  the  word  is  Yoracum, 
its  exact  etymology  .  .  .  What  I  have  said  is  sufficient 

*  I  say  this  branch,  no  allusion  having  been  made  to 
the  other  kinds  of  divination  by  rods,  to  which  the  word 
Rhabdomaney  may  be  thought  to  be  more  especially  ap- 
plicable ;  such,  for  instance,  as  that  by  the  staff,  men- 
tioned in  Hosea  iv.  12.,  or  that  by  arrows,  spoken  of  by 
Ezekiel  xxi.  21.,  and  forbidden  by  Mahomet  in  the 
Koran  (Sale's),  cap.  v.  See  Calmet,  &c. 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


to  prove  that  yemnan  is  originally  a  military  title  derived 
from  the  kind  of  weapons  with  which  they  fought  in 
ancient  times. 

"  After  the  Conquest,  the  name  of  yeomen,  as  to  their 
original  office  in  war,  was  changed  to  that  of  archers. 
Yeomen  of  the  crown  had  formerly  considerable  grants 
bestowed  on  them.  In  the  fifth  century  (fifteenth?)  John 
Forde,  yeoman  of  the  croune,  had  the  moytie  of  all  rents  of 
the  town  and  hundred  of  Shaftesbury ;  and  Nicholas  Wortley, 
yeoman  of  the  chambre,  was  made  baillieffe  of  the  lordships 
of  Scaresdale  and  Chesterfelde,  within  the  county  of  Derby ; 
all  which  prove  that  the  title  of  yeoman  was  accounted 
honourable,  not  only  in  remote  antiquity,  but  in  later 
ages. 

"  Yeomen,  at  least  those  that  frequent  palaces,  should  \ 
have  their  education  in  some  academy,  college,  or  univer- 
sity, iu  the  army,  or  at  court ;  or  a  private  education  that 
would  be  equivalent.  Then  our  Latin  writers  would  be 
no  longer  so  grossly  mistaken  as  to  their  notion  in  this  | 
respect.  In  Littleton's  Dictionary,  and  I  believe  in  all  [ 
our  other  Latin  dictionaries,  yeomanry  is  Latinised  plebs ; 
and  yeoman,  rusticus,  paganus,  colonus.  The  expressions 
of  'yeomen  of  the  crown,'  'yeomen  of  the  chamber,' 
'  yeomen  of  the  guard,' '  yeoman  usher,'  show  the  impro- 
priety of  this  translation;  for  thereby  it  is  plain  that 
yeomen  originally  frequented  courts,  and  followed  the 
profession  of  arms.  Yeomen  of  the  crown  were  so  called, 
either  because  they  were  obliged  to  attend  the  king's 
person  at  court  and  in  the  field,  or  because  they  held 
lands  from  the  crown,  or  both."  —  From  Gent.  Mag., 
vol.  xxix.  p.  408. 

ARMIGER. 


CHARLES   I.    AND    HIS   BELICS. 

(Vol.  vi.,  pp.  173.  578. ;  Vol.  vii.,  p.  184.;  Vol.  x., 
pp.  245.  416.) 

A  complete  list  of  the  numerous  authentic  relics 
of  the  Royal  Martyr  would  be  an  acceptable  offer- 
ing to  "  N.  &  Q."  Perhaps  of  no  other  man  are 
there  so  many  memorials  existing,  and  none  pre- 
served with  such  religious  care  as  those  of  the 
first  King  Charles.  There  is  scarcely  a  museum 
in  the  country,  public  or  private,  which  does  not 
contain  some  relic  or  other,  purporting  to  have 
belonged  to  this  unfortunate  monarch.  Doubtless 
some  of  them  at  least  are  mere  forgeries ;  and  it 
would  be  a  task  worthy  the  contributors  of  "  N. 
&  Q."  to  separate,  as  far  as  possible,  the  genuine 
corn  from  the  chaff.  The  Ashburnham  watch  is 
a  case  in  point. 

At  page  245.  of  the  current  volume  we  read 
that  the  king  gave  his  watch  at  the  place  of  exe-  j 
cution  to  Mr.  John  Ashburnham,  and  that  this 
watch  is  still  preserved,  with  other  relics  of  the  ! 
martyr,  in  Ashburnham  Church.     Now,  I  think  it  | 
can  be  satisfactorily  proved  that  Mr.  John  Ash-  ! 
burnham  was  not  near  the  king  on  the  morning  j 
of  his  execution,  and  certainly  not  upon  the  scaf-  I 
fold  with  his  royal  master ;  the  watch  therefore,  I 
take  it,  could  not  have  been  given  to  him  at  the 
place  of  execution.    In  a  narrative  of  the  trial  and 
execution  of  King  Charles,  written  by  Thomas 
(afterwards  Sir  Thomas)  Herbert,  who,  with  the 


good  Bishop  Juxon,  was  in  almost  sole  attendance 
on  the  king  after  his  trial,  we  have  a  very  parti- 
cular account  of  the  various  articles  presented  by 
King  Charles  just  previous  to  his  decapitation. 
His  gold  watch  was  confided  to  Mr.  Herbert's 
care,  to  be  delivered  to  the  Duchess  of  Richmond, 
which  duty  was  religiously  performed.  The  small 
silver  clock  that  hung  by  his  bedside  was  carried 
by  Herbert,  at  the  king's  request,  towards  the 
place  of  execution ;  and  while  passing  through 
the  garden  into  the  Park,  the  king  "  asked  Mr. 
Herbert  the  hour  of  the  day,  and  taking  the 
clock  into  his  hand,  gave  it  to  him,  and  said, 
'Keep  this  in  memory  of  me,'  which  Mr.  Her- 
bert kept  to  his  dying  day."  Another  watch,  a 
gold  alarum,  appears  by  a  previous  paragraph  to 
have  been  sacrilegiously  purloined  by  a  general 
officer  of  the  Praise-God  Barebones  fraternity. 
The  question  now  naturally  arises,  Is  there  any 
authority  for  this  legend  of  the  Ashburnham 
watch  ?  and,  if  so,  where  is  it  to  be  found  ? 

While  on  the  subject  of  watches,  I  may  state, 
quoting  from  Brayley  and  Britton's  Description 
of  Cheshire,  that  at  Vale  Royal,  in  this  county, 
the  residence  of  Lord  Delamere,  there  is,  or  then, 
was,  a  watch  said  also  to  have  belonged  to  King 
Charles,  and  to  have  been  given  by  him  to  Bishop 
Juxon  upon  the  scaffold.  The  watch  came  into 
the  Cholmondeley  family  by  an  intermarriage 
with  the  Cowpers  of  Overleigh,  near  this  city, 
who  were  related  to  the  Juxon  family.  This  is 
another  of  those  historic  doubts  which  the  corre- 
spondents of  "  N.  &  Q,"  would  be  laudably  em- 
ployed in  clearing  up.  T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 


THE    ZOUAVES.* 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  365.) 

The  Gaouaoua  or  d'Ait-Gaoua,  also  called 
Zouaouas,  whence  the  modern  word  Zouaves, 
are  a  Kabyle  or  primitive  Berbere  population 
inhabiting  the  mountainous  district  between  Bou- 
gie and  Dellis,  and  remarkable  for  their  spirit 
of  independence  and  bellicose  disposition.  In- 
trenched within  the  natural  fastnesses  of  the 
country,  they  were  formerly  enabled  to  brave  the 
Mussulman  authority  of  Bougie,  and,  notwith- 
standing they  were  subsequently  brought  to  ac- 
knowledge the  sovereignty  of  the  Sultan,  they 
carefully  abstained  from  all  acts  which  might 
imply  either  their  submission  or  defeat.  It  is 
even  said  that  some  of  the  tribes,  the  Beni-Khe- 
lili  amongst  others,  have  never  paid  contribution 
to  the  Turks.  Like  all  the  Kabyles,  the  Zouaves 

*  Etudes  sur  In  Kabyle,  proprement  dite,  by  M.  Carette ; 
Histoire  des  Serberes  et  des  Dynasties  musulmanes  de  VA- 
friqite  septentrionale,  translated  by  Baron  de  Slane  j  and 
La  Grande  Kabylie,  by  Gen.  Daumas. 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


possess  the  character  of  being  intrepid  foot- 
soldiers.  The  love  of  adventure  and  thirst  for 
conquest,  which  distinguish  them  from  all  the 
other  tribes  of  the  Jurjura,  have  constantly  in- 
duced them  to  sell  their  military  services  to  the 
best  bidder.  These  wild  mountaineers  are  be- 
sides active  and  laborious ;  applying  themselves 
principally  to  the  manufacture  of  powder,  and 
trades  of  iron,  gold,  and  silver  smiths,  they  possess 
amongst  them  clever  gunsmiths  ;  and  strange  also 
to  say,  coiners  of  remarkable  skill,  this  last  spe- 
ciality being  peculiar  to  the  tribe  of  the  Aourir  or 
Zemmoni.  The  Turkish  markets  are  frequently 
inundated  with  this  description  of  false  money. 

The  warlike  habits  of  the  Zouaves  are  so  well 
known  and  appreciated  in  Algeria,  that  their 
compatriots  attribute  to  them  the  honour  of  being 
destined  to  destroy  the  French  power  in  Africa. 
It  is  stated  by  M.  le  Commandant  Carette,  in  his 
interesting  work,  that  the  confederation  of  the 
Zouaoua  comprises  201  villages,  and  a  population 
of  94,000  souls. 

So  much  for  the  Zouaves  themselves,  and  now 
a  few  words  with  reference  to  their  enrolment 
into  the  French  army. 

From  a  communication  addressed,  August  14, 
1830,  to  Marshal  Bourmont  by  the  Lieutenant- 
General  of  Police  attached  to  the  expedition  to 
Algiers,  it  is  announced  that  an  Arab  named 
Hadj  Abrachman  Kenni  (otherwise  Abd-er-Rah- 
man)  had  just  offered  to  the  French  authorities, 
under  the  title  of  auxiliaries,  a  corps  of  2000  in- 
digenes, this  force  to  be  recruited  exclusively  from 
among  the  Zouaves.  The  following  is  an  analysis 
of  the  plan  of  organisation,  embodied  in  the  pro- 
ject submitted. 

That  there  should  be  6  officers  to  every  100 
men,  viz.  2  corporals,  2  sergeants,  1  lieutenant, 
1  captain ;  a  superior  officer,  whom  Abd-er-Rah- 
man  calls  major,  for  every  500  men ;  and  a  chief, 
qualified  as  general,  but  more  properly  named 
colonel,  for  every  1000  men. 

This  scale  or  staff  was  borrowed  from  the 
Turks,  amongst  whom  are  to  be  found  the  follow- 
ing decimal  denominations  :  chief  of  ten,  chief  of 
fifty,  chief  of  a  hundred,  chief  of  five  hundred, 
chief  of  a  thousand. 

The  corps  to  serve  on  foot ;  the  officers  only  to 
be  mounted. 

Then  follows  a  description  of  their  dress  and 
marks  of  distinction  between  the  officers,  &c. 

The  pay  of  the  soldiers  to  be  20  francs  (= 
15s.  lOd.  English)  per  month  ;  corporals  30  francs 
(==  II.  2s.  9§d.) ;  Serjeants  40  francs  (=11.1  Is.  9rf.) ; 
lieutenants  50  francs  (=  II.  19s.  8 d.}  ;  and  captains 
70  francs  (=  2Z.  15s.  6t?.). 

The  forms  of  service  and  discipline  to  be  the 
same  as  those  of  the  French  army.  Each  man  to 
be  armed  with  a  musket,  a  pair  of  pistols,  and  an 
Algerian  sabre  (yatagan). 


But  the  most  remarkable  feature  of  the  whole 
remains  to  be  mentioned.  It  was  proposed  by 
the  author  of  the  project,  that  the  expense  of 
maintaining  the  corps  should  be  exacted  from  the 
rent  and  product  of  the  lands,  which  served  for 
the  same  purpose  under  the  domination  of  the 
Turks.  The  Jews,  he  asserts,  were  subjected  to 
an  impost  of  40,000  francs  (=  15861.  13s.  4d.  ster- 
ling) per  annum,  applicable  to  the  maintenance 
of  the  troops  of  the  Dey ;  and  a  farther  contri- 
bution, or  licence,  was  levied  for  the  same  object 
upon  all  the  shopkeepers.  By  this  proposition, 
therefore,  the  cost  of  maintaining  the  2000  Zouave 
auxiliaries  would  not  entail  a  single  centime  upon 
the  treasury  of  the  French  army. 

Marshal  Bourmont  was  struck  with  the  project 
of  Abd-er-Rahman,  and  adopted  it  in  principle ; 
but  his  position  at  the  moment  was  so  precarious 
that  he  did  not  feel  at  liberty  to  carry  it  into  exe- 
cution. This  task  devolved  upon  his  successor, 
Marshal  Clauzel.  On  October  1,  1830,  six  weeks 
only  after  the  proposition  had  first  been  made,  a 
decree  was  issued  by  the  governor,  authorising 
the  formation  of  a  corps  of  indigenes,  bearing  the 
name  of  Zouaves. 

This  force,  originally  consisting  of  two  bat- 
talions, was  composed  in  a  great  measure  of  indi- 
genes ;  but  Frenchmen,  and  even  strangers,  were 
admitted  into  it.  Towards  the  latter  end  of  1832, 
the  two  battalions  were  formed  into  one ;  and  an 
ordinance  of  March  7,  1833,  placed  the  whole  ar- 
rangements upon  a  new  and  regular  basis.  Of  the 
twelve  companies  which  composed  the  battalion, 
two  only  were  to  consist  of  Frenchmen ;  but  each 
company  indigene  was  at  liberty  to  admit  into  its 
ranks  a  dozen  French  soldiers,  strangers  being 
absolutely  excluded.  The  corps  was  permitted  to 
supply  the  losses  occasioned  by  war  or  sickness 
by  voluntary  enlistment ;  and  Frenchmen  leaving 
other  regiments  were  received  as  eligible.  The 
engagement  of  the  indigenes  was  for  a  term  of 
three  years. 

By  a  fresh  ordinance  royal  of  December  25, 
1835,  the  Zouaves  were  again  divided  into  two 
battalions,  each  composed  of  four  companies  of 
indigenes  and  two  of  French.  The  costume 
adopted  from  the  commencement  was  that  by 
which  they  are  now  so  well  known ;  the  officers, 
however,  being  free  to  preserve  the  French  uni- 
form. 

By  degrees  the  indigenes  (the  Arab  portion  of 
them  at  least),  who  preferred  the  'service  of  the 
cavalry,  abandoned  the  force.  As  to  the  Kabyles, 
political  motives,  skilfully  availed  of  by  Abd-el- 
Kader,  served  to  alienate  them  from  a  service 
upon  which  they  had  at  one  time  appeared  to  be 
so  desirous  of  entering.  In  this  manner,  there- 
fore, the  corps  of  Zouaves  has  come  to  be  com- 
posed almost  exclusively  of  Frenchmen,  amongst 
whom  figure  a  goodly  number  of  Parisians. 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


471 


All  the  world  knows  the  immense  service  ren- 
dered by  the  Zouaves  in  Africa;  in  all  the  expe- 
ditions they  invariably  occupied  the  posts  of 
greatest  danger ;  and  every  one  desirous  of  a 
rapid  advancement  acquired  at  the  point  of  his 
own  sword  sought  to  join  their  body.  Without 
enumerating  a  crowd  of  other  distinguished  of- 
ficers who  have  been  formed  in  this  brilliant 
school,  it  is  from  the  corps  of  Zouaves  that  the 
generals  Duvivier,  Lamoriciere,  Cavaignac,  Lad- 
mirault,  Canrobert,  and  Bourbaki  have  taken 
their  rise.  "W.  COLES. 


It  is  true  that  when  the  Zouaves  were  instituted 
they  were  intended  to  form  a  body  of  native 
troops.  In  1832  Marshal  Soult,  then  minister 
of  war,  ordered  the  formation  of  a  battalion  of 
Kabyles,  under  the  denomination  of  Zouaves ;  but 
the  lively  hatred  of  the  Arabians  against  the 
Christian  invaders,  and  their  natural  repulsion  to 
fight  against  their  brethren  in  faith  and  in  blood, 
prevented  the  orders  of  the  marshal  from  being 
executed  as  he  wished,  so  that  only  a  few  natives 
volunteered  to  enter  the  French  service.  But  at 
the  same  time  many  young  Frenchmen,  desirous 
to  go  through  the  African  campaigns,  and  seduced 
by  the  graceful  and  picturesque  costume  of  the 
Zouaves,  enlisted  in  that  corps,  which  was  com- 
pleted by  draughts  from  the  regiments  of  the  line. 
From  one  battalion  they  soon  increased  to  three, 
and  were  then  formed  into  a  regiment  under  Col. 
Lamoriciere.  Their  services  in  all  the  African 
campaigns  are  too  well  known  to  be  recorded 
here.  I  shall  only  add  that  two  years  ago  the 
Emperor  raised  the  number  of  regiments  of  Zou- 
aves from  one  to  three  (of  three  battalions  each), 
and  that  they  are  recruited,  like  all  other  regi- 
ments, by  means  of  the  conscription  in  all  the 
departments  of  the  empire.  My  own  department 
(1'Oise)  has  furnished  a  great  many  Zouaves,  of 
whom  I  know  several  personally ;  and  those  of 
your  readers  who  have  perused  the  lists  of  killed 
and  wounded  in  the  French  army  after  the  battle 
of  the  Alma,  must  have  noticed  that  all  the  names 
of  the  Zouaves  therein  mentioned  were  essentially 
French. 

Now,  a  word  about  the  native  troops.  A  few 
years  after  the  conquest,  the  hatred  against  us 
having  diminished  amongst  the  Arabians,  whilst 
they  were  perpetually  at  war  between  themselves, 
many  of  them  at  last  offered  their  services  to  the 
French  government,  who  accepted  them.  Thus 
were  formed  the  three  battalions  of  Tirailleurs 
Indigenes,  of  the  provinces  of  Oran,  Constantine, 
and  Algiers.  The  latter  increased  so  much  that 
a  few  months  ago  the  Emperor  ordered  it  to  be 
divided  into  two  battalions,  who  constituted  the 
regiment  of  Tirailleurs  Algeriens,  now  in  the  East 
under  Colonel  Wimpfen. 


Now,  having,  I  hope,  vindicated  the  nationality 
of  the  Zouaves,  — 

"  Hie  artem  victor  csestumque  repono." 

F.  DE  BEBNHARDT.. 

The  meaning  of  this  word,  now  so  often  met 
with,  is  explained  by  Professor  Max  Miiller  in  his 
work  on  the  languages  of  the  seat  of  war,  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  The  real  Zouaves  belong  to  the  Berber  branch :  for  in 
Algiers  the  Berbers  are  called  Shawi,  a  word  which  means 
Nomads,  and  has  been  corrupted  in  Tunis  into  Suav ; 
French,  Zouave" 

J.  M.  S. 


JOHNSON    V.   BOSWEIX. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  363.) 

The  case  stated  by  PROFESSOR  DE  MORGAN  is  a 
curious  instance  of  oversight  in  a  work  so  fre- 
quently edited.  To  make  the  comment  clear,  I 
must  repeat  a  portion  of  the  extract : 

Johnson  to  Boswell.  —  "  "We  compute,  in  England,  a  park 
wall  at  a  thousand  pounds  a  mile ;  now  a  garden  wall 
must  cost  at  least  as  much. — Now  let  us  see ;  for  a  hun- 
dred pounds  you  could  only  have  forty-four  square  yards, 
which  is  very  little ;  for  two  hundred  pounds  you  may . 
have  eighty-four  [eighty-eight?]  square  yards,  which  is 
very  well." — SostveU's  Johnson,  the  sixth  edition,  1811, 
iv.  219. 

If  a  garden  wall  costs  a  thousand  pounds  a  mile, 
one  hundred  pounds  would  build  one  hundred 
and  seventy-six  yards  of  wall,  which  would  form 
a  square  of  forty-four  yards,  and  inclose  an  area 
of  nineteen  hundred  and  thirty-six  square  yards  ; 
and  two  hundred  pounds  would  build  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty-two  yards  of  wall,  which  would 
form  a  square  of  eighty-eight  yards,  and  inclose 
an  area  of  seven  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
forty-four  square  yards.  The  cost  of  the  wall  in 
the  latter  case,  as  compared  with  the  space  inclosed, 
would  therefore  be  reduced  to  one  half — which, 
as  Johnson  said,  "  is  very  well." 

Mr.  Boswell  was  no  doubt  aware  that  one  yard 
square  is  equal  to  one  square  yard,  but  he  did  not 
consider  the  results  of  mathematical  progression. 
Now,  two  yards  square  give  an  area  of  four  square 
yards ;  three  yards  square  give  an  area  of  nine 
square  yards  ;  four  yards  square  give  an  area  of 
sixteen  square  yards,  &c. 

I  can  perceive  no  error  in  the  emendation  which 
is  said  to  have  been  proposed  by  the  bishop  of 
Ferns.  I  cannot  even  conjecture  on  what  grounds 
PROFESSOR  DE  MORGAN  asserts,  that  it  "  makes  the 
matter  worse."  So  I  must  consider  myself,  in 
that  particular,  as  enveloped  in  a  cloud  of  obtuse- 
ness.  BOLTON  CORNET. 


472 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


The  following  is  the  true  solution  of  Johnson's 
remark : 

"  We  compute,  in  England,  a  park  wall  at  a  thousand 
pounds  a  mile ;  now  a  garden  wall  must  cost  at  least  as 
much.  .  .  .  Now  let  us  see;  for  a  hundred  pounds 
you  could  only  have  forty-four  square  yards,"  &c. 

That  is,  a  square  space  measuring  44  yards  on 
each  side.    As  — 

1760  lineal  yards,  or  one  mile  =  1000Z. 
176  lineal  yards,  one  tenth  of  a  mile  =  100Z. 
4)176  lineal  yards  divided  by  4, 

or  a  space  of  44  lineal  yards  square. 
44  x  44  =  1936  square  yards,  the  space  inclosed. 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  that  44  square  yards, 
as  Boswell  puts  it,  is  a  mistake,  as  no  doubt  John- 
son said  44  yards  square,  or  an  area  of  1 936  square 
yards.  For  200Z.  there  would  be  a  space  88  yards 
square ;  but  it  will  be  seen  that  the  space  in- 
closed is  much  larger  in  proportion,  —  in  fact  four 
times  the  area,  as 
352  -i-  4  =  88.  88  x  88  =  7744  square  yards  inclosed. 

Dr.  Elvington  was  correct  in  his  remark  that 
Johnson  meant  44  yards  square  ;  and  Johnson  no 
doubt  fully  understood  the  problem,  as  he  re- 
marked that  "for  200Z.  there  would  be  a  space 
88  yards  square,"  which,  as  he  said,  would  be 
"  very  well ;  "  that  is,  four  times  the  area  which 
could  be  inclosed  for  100Z.  Those  who  push  this 
question  farther  will  find  that  for  300L  nine  times 
the  area  will  be  inclosed,  and  so  on,  as  the  square 
of  the  figures,  any  larger  sum  will  inclose  a  pro- 
portionately larger  area.  Johnson  knew  this, 
Boswell  did  not ;  hence  his  mistake. 

ROBERT  RAWLINSON. 


PHOTOGEAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Bromo-iodide  of  Silver  (Vol.  x.,  p.  429.). —  It  is  quite 
certain  that  the  use  of  this  photogenic  agent,  as  prepared 
by  DR.  DIAMOND,  does  greatly  increase  the  sensitiveness 
of  the  paper,  although  MR.  LEACHMAN  may  think  he  has 
ground  for  asserting,  that  it  "  cannot  be  any  advantage 
whatever."  Now  for  the  per  contra:  I  have  had  ample 
opportunity  of  trying  DR.  DIAMOND'S  paper,  and  com- 
paring it  rigidly  with  MR.  TALBOT'S  calotype  paper,  and 
the  former  is  more  sensitive  in  the  proportion  of  10  to  1. 
But  this  is  not  the  only  advantage,  for  it  is  also  chemi- 
cally more  sensitive  to  the  action  of  those  rays  which 
exert  comparatively  but  little  influence  on  a  pure  iodide 
surface.  The  greens,  hitherto  so  unmanageable  in  the 
photographic  landscape,  play  the  same  part,  or  nearly  so, 
that  they  do  in  nature ;  and  trees,  which  are  generally  a 
mere  black  mass,  have  their  foliage  sufficiently  enlivened 
with  artistic  light  and  shade.  MR.  LEACHMAN  states, 
that  bromide  of  silver  is  soluble  in  muriate  of  ammonia ; 
but  that  the  precipitate  from  DR.  DIAMOND'S  solution  is 
insoluble,  and  indicates  the  presence  of  iodine  on  the  ap- 
plication of  the  starch  test.  These  results  prove  the 
formation  of  a  new  chemical  compound,  viz.  the  bromo- 
iodide  of  silver;  and  if  MR.  LEACHMAN  will  dissolve 
bromide  of  silver,  as  he  forms  it,  in  iodide  of  potassium, 
without  the  addition  of  iodide  of  silver,  which  tends  to 


confuse  him,  he  will  find,  upon  the  addition  of  water  to 
this  solution,  that  a  precipitate  of  bromo-iodide  of  silver 
is  obtained.  It  is  therefore  certain  that  this  compound  is 
thrown  down  upon  paper  prepared  by  DR.  DIAMOND'S 
process,  and  the  results  are  such  as  above  described. 

J.  B.  READK. 

Intense  Skies — Strength  of  Solution.  —  What  are  the 
conditions  necessary  to  produce  black  and  intense  skies  in 
calotype  negatives,  which  will  not  require  painting  in 
order  to  produce  positives  with  clear  skies  ?  What  is  the 
difference  in  the  eifect  produced  by  a  strong  and  a  weak 
solution  for  iodizing  paper  for  negative  calotypes ;  say 
between  15  and"  30  grains  of  iodide  of  silver  to  1  oz.  of 
water  ?  Does  a  small  bubble  in  a  lens  deteriorate  the 
picture  at  all  ?  W. 


to 

Works  urith  defectively -expressed  Titles  (Vol.  x., 
p.  363.). — Permit  me  to  warn  the  public,  through 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  that  the  new  work  published  by  Mr. 
Moxon,  under  the  title  Coleridge' 's  Notes,  Theo- 
logical, Political,  and  Miscellaneous,  is,  to  a  great 
extent,  a  reprint  of  Coleridge's  Notes  on  English 
Divines,  which  was  issued  by  the  same  publisher 
a  very  short  time  previous  to  the  appearance  of 
the  former  work.  By  the  way,  a  scarce  book  in 
2  vols.  4to.,  called  Feltoris  Hints  for  a  New  Edi- 
tion of  Shakspeare,  is  merely  Hints  for  the  Pictorial 
Illustration  of  Shakspeare's  Plays. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBT. 

Birmingham. 

'•'•Conjurer'''  (VoLx.,  p.  243.).— The  old  lexi- 
cographer Minshew  says,  that  "  the  conjurer 
seemeth,  by  praiers  and  invocation  of  God's 
powerful  names, .  to  compel  the  devil  to  say  or 
doe  what  he  commandeth."  And  the  next  step 
for  this  conjurer  of  the  devil  is  "  to  call  spirits 
from  the  vasty  deep,"  and  to  play  other  such 
tricks  by  pretension  to  powers  of  magic.  The 
transition  seems  easy,  as  your  correspondent  will 
find  progressively  taking  place  in  Richardson's 
Quotations  from  Chaucer,  Gower,  Tyndale,  and 
Bale. 

In  the  Bible,  said  to  be  that  of  Mathews  by 
Becke,  Isaiah  xlvii.  12.,  "  Now  go  to  thy  conjurers, 
and  to  the  multitude  of  thy  witches,"  is  in  the 
common  version,  "  Stand  thou  with  thine  enchant- 
ments." The  word  conjurer  had  not  obtained  in 
the  time  of  Wiclif.  In  the  early  version  he  is 
called  "  a  deuel  clepere,"  that  is  "  a  caller  or  in- 
voker  of  the  devil ;"  in  the  later  version  "an  en- 
:  chaunter,"  from  the  Vulgate  Latin  incantator.  Q. 

«  Obtain"  (Vol.ix.,  p.  589. ;  Vol.  x.,  p.  255.).— 
There  can  be  little  difficulty  in  accounting  for  the 
usage  of  this  word,  as  in  the  instance  produced  by 

I  Y.  S.  M.  "  This  practice  on  that  principle  ob- 
tains :"  that  is,  as  Johnson  explains  it,  1.  "  con- 

I  tinues  in  use;"  2.  "is  established."  And  he 
produces  five  examples  according  with  these 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


473 


explanations.  Now,  to  obtain  is,  as  the  Latin  ob- 
tinere,  "  to  hold  or  keep  the  hold ;  to  get  or  gain 
the  hold  or  possession  ;"  and  that  which  gains  and 
keeps  hold,  establishes  itself — becomes  —  is  esta- 
blished. 

Johnson  gives  us  a  third  explanation,  "  to  pre- 
vail, to  succeed,"  which  is  included  in  "  to  get  or 
gain."  Bacon  writes : 

"There  is  due  from  the  judge  to  the  advocate  some 
commendation  and  gracing,  where  causes  are  well  han- 
dled and  faire  pleaded ;  especially  towards  the  side  which 
obtaineth  (i.  e.  gaineth,  winneth)." — Essay,  Of  Judicature. 

Johnson  adds,  "  not  in  use." 

The  error  (or  "  egregious  blunder,"  as  Warbur- 
ton  would  say)  in  Johnson  is,  that  all  his  explana- 
tions are  framed  to  suit  his  quotations.  Thus  he 
gives  us  one  meaning  of  to  obtain,  <!  to  impetrate," 
and  "  to  impetrate "  is  to  obtain  by  entreaty,  a 
means  of  obtaining  most  assuredly  not  included  in 
the  word  obtain,  and,  indeed,  in  some  of  his  quo- 
tations very  obscurely  impliable  from  the  context. 

Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

Designation  of  Works  under  Review  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  516.).  —  Ought  not  the  reviewer  to  refer  to  any 
one  of  these  as  "  the  first,  second,  third,  in  the 
caption  of  our  articles,"  or  is  this  technical  term 
peculiar  to  America  ?  See  the  postscript  to  a 
letter  by  HABVABDIENSIS  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  244.).  I 
am  surprised  that  MR.  C.  M.  INGLEBY  has  not 
received  an  answer  from  some  one  who  could 
speak  with  certainty  on  the  subject.  C.  FOKBES. 

Temple. 

The  Masters  of  St.  Cross  Hospital  (Vol.  x., 
p.  299.).  —  Allow  me  to  correct,  in  the  following 
particulars,  your  correspondent's  List  of  the  Mas- 
ters of  this  celebrated  hospital. 

The  Raymond,  mentioned  in  the  charter  of  De 
Blois,  was  the  master  of  the  hospital  of  Jerusalem 
and  not  of  St.  Cross. 

The  "  Humphrey  de  Milers"  probably  refers  to 
"  De  Molins,"  the  master  of  the  hospital  of  Jeru- 
salem in  1 185,  in  whose  custody  St.  Cross  then  was. 

Alan  de  Stoke  was  appointed  master  of  St. 
Cross  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  in  1204  (vide 
reg.  Winton). 

Walter  de  Wetewang  succeeded  Eichard  de 
Luteshall,  having  been  appointed  in  1347  by  the 
king,  who  claimed  the  right  of  presentation  for 
that  turn.  The  appointment,  however,  was  sub- 
sequently cancelled. 

William  Meadowe  succeeded  John  Incent  in 
1545  (reg.). 

Robert  Bennett,  in  1583,  succeeded  John 
Watson,  and  was  followed  by  Arthur  Lake  in 
1603. 

Brook  and  Hudson  were  never  masters  of  the 
hospital  (reg.'). 


Bishop  Compton  succeeded  William  Lewis  in 
1669  (reg.). 

The  appointment  of  Dr.  Harrison  was  in  1675 
(reg.).  CHAS.  T.  KELLY. 

Irish  Newspapers  (Vol.  x.,  p.  182.).  —  The 
statement  of  ABHBA  under  the  above  heading  is 
incorrect.  The  Limerick  Chronicle,  which  made 
its  first  appearance  in  1768,  is  not  the  oldest  Irish 
provincial  newspaper  ;  the  Belfast  Newsletter  was 
started  in  1737.  W.  PINKEBTON. 

ABHBA  says  that  the  Freeman's  Journal  is  the 
oldest  of  the  existing  Irish  newspapers,  and  adds, 
thatit  was  started  by  Charles  Lucas  in  or  about 
the  year  1755.  There  is  a  slight  mistake  here  ; 
and  as  it  is  always  well  to  be  accurate,  even  in 
trifles,  I  beg  to  say  that  the  first  number  of  the 
Public  Register,  or  Freeman's  Journal,  appeared 
on  Saturday,  Sept.  10,  1763,  price  one  penny. 
The  impression  referred  to  lies  before  me  as  I 
write.  Its  first  three  lines  are,  "  Man  comes  into 
this  world  the  weakest  of  all  creatures,  and  while 
he  continues  in  it  is  the  most  dependent."  The 
Freeman,  strictly  speaking,  is  not  the  oldest  exist- 
ing Irish  journal  ;  the  Dublin  Evening  Post  was 
in  existence  at  least  125  years  ago,  but,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  severe  prosecution,  ceased  its  issue  for 
some  time  anterior  to  1778.  Sounders  sprang  into 
vitality  almost  simultaneously  with  the  Freeman, 
but  is,  I  believe,  its  junior. 

WILLIAM  JOHN  FITZPATBICK. 

Monkstown,  Dublin. 

Descendants  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.77.  160.).  —  Sir  Matthew  Hale's  eldest  daugh- 
ter Mary  married  first,  Edward  Adderley,  Esq.,  of 
Innishannon,  county  of  Cork  :  the  descendants  of 
this  marriage  now  living  are,  first,  Edward  Hale 
Adderley  (late  of  Innishannon),  unmarried  ; 
secondly,  George  Augustus  Adderley,  residing 
officially  at  Gibraltar,  married  ;  thirdly,  Richard 
Boyle  Adderley,  residing  in  Pimlico,  married  and 
has  a  family.  The  only  sister  of  these  three 
brothers,  viz.  Maria  Elizabeth,  married  in  1796 
the  second  Lord  Gardiner,  from  whom  being  di- 
vorced, she  re-married  Henry  Jadies,  Esq.,  and 
died  in  1831. 

E.  Hale  Adderley,  at  his  seat,  Innishannon,  had 
an  original  portrait  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  which 
was  handed  down  in  his  family,  and  which  he  sold 
many  years  ago  to  the  Earl  of  Bandon  :  it  is  at 
present  at  Castle  Bernard.  T.  4>. 


(Vol.  ix.,  p.  541.).  —  I  am  obliged  by 
the  information  conveyed  by  B.  H.  C.  and  'AAi«us. 
Several  lexicons,  I  know,  contain  this  word  ;  but 
as  it  is-  not  found  in  Stephens  nor  in  Aristotle, 
where  the  latter  treats  so  largely  of  animal  func- 
tions, I  venture  to  doubt  the  authority  of  those 
lexicographers,  who  do  not,  like  Stephens  or 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


Johnson,  condescend  to  show  on  what  authority 
such  word  and  its  meanings  are  taken. 

It  is  interesting  to  ascertain  at  what  period  the 
Intestines  of  sheep  superseded  the  old  strings  of 
the  lyre.  If  classical  authority,  however,  can  be 
shown  for  the  use  of  the  word  a-^iStj,  I  shall  be 
much  favoured  by  such  reply.  (Query,  Hippo- 
crates or  Galen  ?)  T.  J.  BUCKTOW. 

Lichfield. 

Brasses  of  Notaries  (Vol  x.,  p.  165.).  —  Man- 
ning, in  his  List  of  the  Monumental  Brasses  re- 
maining in  England  (Rivingtons,  1846),  under 
the  head  "  Ipswich,  St.  Mary  Tower,"  states  that 
the  brass  of  "a  notary,  c.  1475,  has  been  stolen 
since  1844."  TV.  T.  T.,  however,  mentions  one  of 
the  same  date  as  still  remaining.  Is  this  the  brass 
alluded  to  in  Manning's  List  ?  If  so,  I  should  be 
obliged  if  W.  T.  T.  would  rub  it  for  me,  and  in 
return  I  shall  be  happy  to  send  him  one  of  the 
South  Nottinghamshire  or  North  Leicestershire 
brasses.  CHAELES  F.  POWELL. 

Normanton  on  Soar,  Loughborough. 

The  DeviCs  Dozen  (Vol.  x.,  p.  346.)-  —  Is  not 
G.  N.  thinking  of  the  "  baker's  dozen  ?  "  I  never 
before  heard  of  the  Devil's  dozen,  and  I  would  not 
have  the  title  and  patronage  of  his  Satanic  ma- 
jesty wantonly  extended.  C. 

"  A  per  se"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  122.).  — 

"  A  per  se  (A  by  itself),  as  denoting  pre-eminence,  is 
not  unusual  in  our  old  poets : 

'  0  faire  Creseide,  the  floure  and  A  per  se 
Of  Troye  and  Greece.' 

Chaucer,  Testament  of  Creseide,  v.  78. 

'  Right  as  our  first  letter  is  now  an  A, 
In  beaute  first  so  stode  she  makeley.' 

Id.,  Troilus,  book  v." 

Richardson  (from  Junius).  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

"  Lantern-jaws"  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  53.  116.)-—  Surely 
there  can  be  no  good  reason  for  disturbing  John- 
son's plain,  matter-of-fact,  explanation : 

"  A  term  used  of  a  thin  visage,  such  as  if  a  candle 
were  burning  in  the  mouth  might  transmit  the  light." 

Q. 
Bloomsbury. 

Tenure  per  Baroniam  (Vol.  ii.,  p.  302.).  — 
BARO'S  Query  has  a  long  time  remained  unan- 
swered, as  to  how  tenure  per  baruniam  differed 
from  tenure  in  capite.  The  following  extract  from 
Selden,  which  is  quoted  by  Hody  in  his  History 
of  Councils,  may  do  something  towards  elucidating 
the  point : 

"  Upon  the  many  differences  and  quarrels  between  the 
king  and  many  of  his  barons,  divers  baronies  did  escheat 
to  the  Crown,  either  by  attainders  or  otherwise,  according 
to  the  laws  of  that  time,  which,  being  in  the  king's  hands, 
were  partly  granted  to  others  and  partly  retained,  as 


ready  rewards  for  such  as  the  king  would  make  of  his 
part,  by  giving  them  such  escheats,  or  any  part  of  them, 
to  be  held  of  him  in  chief,  as  the  ancient  barons  from 
whom  they  had  escheated  had  done.  And  of  those  es- 
cheated baronies  there  is  express  mention  in  that  grand 
charter  of  King  John,  whence  also  we  have  it  yet  in  that 
of  Henry  III.,  which  is  used  to  this  day.  Divers  barons 
also  were  perhaps  so  decayed  in  their  estates,  that  they 
were  not  able  any  longer  honourably  to  support  their 
titles.  Now  the  other  barons  which  were  of  ancient 
foundation  or  blood,  or  of  great  revenue,  or  the  majores 
barones,  foreseeing,  it  seems,  how  their  dignity  and  power 
might  suffer  much  diminution,  if  the  new  tenants  in  chief 
or  patentees  of  those  escheated  baronies  and  the  rest  that 
were  decayed  —  being  all  barons  by  tenure,  according  to 
the  laws  of  that  age — should  have  equality  with  them, 
and  be  indifferently  barons  of  the  kingdom  every  way  as 
they  were,  procured,  as  we  may  justly  think,  a  law  in 
some  of  those  parliaments  which  preceded  the  grand 
charter ;  by  which  themselves  only  should  hereafter  be 
properly  styled  and  be  barons,  and  the  rest  tenants  in 
chief  only,  or  knights,  or  milites ;  which  title  should  be 
given  them  as  distinct  names  from  barons.  This  could 
not  but  much  lessen  the  dignity  and  honour  of  the  rest, 
although  they  remained  still  as  barons,  according  to  the 
former  laws,  as  well  as  the  greater  did."  —  Selden's  Titles 
of  Honour,  p.  710. 

Some  of  your  numerous  legal  readers  will  per- 
haps now  take  up  the'subject,  and  discuss  it  more 
fully  than  I  am  able  to  do.  It  is  an  interesting 
though  a  difficult  one.  WILLIAM  FEASEE,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 

English  Books  of  Emblems  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  469. 
579. ;  Vol.  viii.,  p.  13.).  —  As  the  REV.  ME.  CORSER 
wishes  for  additions  to  his  list  of  the  English  series 
of  books  of  emblems,  I  would  call  his  attention  to 
a  poem  by  S.  Pordage,  one  of  the  school  of  Jacob 
Bb'hmen.  It  has  a  very  curious  emblematical  en- 
graved frontispiece.  There  is  a  copy  in  the 
British  Museum ;  the  title  runs  thus  : 

"  Mundarum  Explicatio :  wherein  are  couched  the 
Mysteries  of  the  External,  Internal,  and  Eternal  Worlds ; 
showing  the  true  Progress  of  a  Soul,  from  the  Court  of 
Babylon  to  the  City  of  Jerusalem— from  the  Adamical 
Fallen  State,  to  the  Regenerate  and  Angelical  Also  the 
Explanation  of  an  Hieroglyphical  Figure:  a  Sacred 
Poem,  by  S.  P.  Armiger  (London,  1663)." 

On  a  fly-leaf  of  this  Museum  copy  is  a  note, 
written  in  pencil,  which  I  here  transcribe  at 
length : 

"  This  did  belong  to  Mrs.  Martha  Udney,  Sub-Precep- 
tress to  the  late  Princess  Charlotte  of  Wales.  In  the 
year  1815  I  visited  Mrs.  Udney,  in  order  to  examine  and 
borrow  this  book  of  her,  on  account  of  the  extraordinary 
plate.  The  book,  with  the  plate,  is  scarcely  to  be  seen  in 
any  library.  The  husband  of  this  lady  was  a  Member  of 
the  Supreme  Council  in  India. 

«  J.  P.,  Nov.  12, 1834. 
«  Mrs.  Udney  died  in  1831." 

ALFRED  ROFFE. 
Somers  Town. 

Sir  John  Perrott  (Vol.  x.,  p.  308.).  — Sir  John 
Perrott's  Life  may  have  been  transmitted  from 
Ireland,  but  it  bears  obvious  marks  of  having 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


475 


been  written  by  an  Englishman,  in  the  curious 
and  perplexing  mistakes  in  spelling  of  Irish  names 
of  men  and  places  :  these  are  so  many,  and  so  far 
from  the  correct  orthography,  that  a  small  glos- 
sary of  them  may  be  useful.  I  subjoin  it,  taking 
them  as  they  lie  in  the  volume : 


Abslow 

Arlange 

Fether 

Corsey 

Amely 

Dooly 

Kyllor 

Adome 

Mac-Willin-Onger 

Done  Affluerty    - 
Mac  Enaspoke     - 
Osewlinan  More  - 
Knight  of  Perrey 
Canenaughs 
Ranghlyns  - 
Caunisbie    - 


Apsley. 
Aherlow. 
Fethard. 
D'Courci. 
Emley. 
Duhallow ! 
Kellagh. 
Adare. 

M'William  Oughter, 
(a  tribe  of  the  Burkes). 
Don  O'Flaherty. 
M'Enaspy. 
O'Sullevan  More. 
Knt.  of  Kerry. 
Cavenaghs. 
Island  of  Rathlin. 
Tanistry ! 


These  are  selected  from  a  number  of  others  which 
come  more  under  the  rule  of  idem  sonans.  There 
are  other  misspellings  which  baffle  conjecture,  but 
none  such  occur  in  respect  to  English  names. 

A.  B.  R. 
Belmont. 

Sir  Richard  Radcliffe,  K.  G.  and  Banneret 
(Vol.x.,  pp.  164.216.331.).— A  CONSTANT  READER 
expresses  surprise  that  "the  parentage  and  de- 
scent" of  Sir  R.  Radcliffe  was  not  "inserted  in 
the  full  pedigrees  of  the  Radcliffes  given  by  Dr. 
Whitaker  in  his  Whalley,  or  his  name  referred  to 
in  the  text."  The  departed  antiquary  is  blame- 
less here.  Radcliffe,  a  distinct  parish,  was  no 
part  of  his  subject;  but  he  "transgressed  the 
bounds,"  and  in  the  first  edition  of  1800  (p.  402.) 
A  CONSTANT  READER  will  find  the  pedigree  as 
drawn  by  Whitaker,  and  "  Sir  Richard  Radcliffe, 
K.G.,  slain  at  Bos  worth"  duly  inserted  as  a 
younger  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Radcliffe  of  Dilston, 
which  agrees  with  the  place  assigned  him  in  Burns's 
Cumberland,  p.  78. 

The  "full  pedigree"  in  the  last  edition  (1818, 
p.  411.)  was  drawn  by  the  late  Mr.  W.  Radclyfle, 
Rouge  Croix,  who  does  not  insert  Sir  R.  Rad- 
clyffe,  for  the  obvious  reason  of  not  bringing 
down  a  branch  unconnected  with  the  subject,  and 
stops  with  the  founder  of  the  Dilston  line. 

In  Mr.  Radclyffe's  own  MS.,  however,  the 
pedigree  was  continued,  and  by  his  permission  I 
abstracted  it  in  1809.  It  probably,  however,  con- 
tains nothing  but  what  your  correspondent  may 
perhaps  find  in  Beltz's  Memorials  of  the  Order  of 
the  Garter,  which  my  library  does  not  contain. 
I  would  however  beg  leave  to  refer  him  to  the 
Scrope  and  Gro.wenor  Controversy  (vol.  i.  p.  60.) 
for  the  notice  of  "  Sir  Richard  Radcliffe  of  Sud- 
bury,"  and  to  the  printed  Parliamentary  Rolls 


(vol.  vi.  p.  276.  a.)  for  the  attainder  of  Sir  R.  Rad- 
cliffe ;  and  to  vol.  vii.  p.  492.  a.  for  the  petition  of 
bis  son  Richard  Radcliffe  for  restoration  in  blood ; 
stating  his  father  to  have  had  two  elder  brothers, 
then  living  and  having  issue,  and  other  particulars. 
Burns,  erroneously,  makes  Sir  Richard  to  be  a 
second  son.  LANCASTRIENSIS. 

Haberdasher  (Vol.  x.,  p.  415.).  —  Will  H.  R  B. 
be  so  good  as  to  name  the  German  dictionary  in 
which  hafertasche  is  interpreted  "bagsman"  or 
"  pedlar  ?  "  I  have  consulted  five,  and  cannot  find 
the  word.  According  to  them,  if  there  is  such  a 
compound,  it  must  signify  a  pocket  for  oats.  That 
is  the  primary  signification  given  to  havresac  in 
the  French  dictionaries,  and  the  secondary  is  not 
extended  beyond  a  bag  for  provisions. 

The  converse  is  equally  clear.  Fliigel  says  : 
"  Haberdasher,  der  Barettkramer,  Kleinhandler, 
Bandhandler,  Huttstaffirer."  Had  hafertascher 
been  a  German  word,  he  would  not  have  omitted 
it.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

"Zim  "  and  "Jim"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  382.).  —R.  C. 
WARDE  asks  what  Zim  and  Jim  were  ?  He  is  re- 
ferred to  the  margin  of  the  authorised  version  of 
Isaiah  xiii.  21,  22.,  where  these  words  occur. 
Gesenius  makes  the  Zim  to  be,  "  Animals,  i.  e. 
jackals,  ostriches,  wild  beasts."  The  Jim,  he  says, 
were  jackals.  B.  H.  C. 

Raleigh  and  his  Descendants  (Vol.  x.,  p.  374.). 
—  Among  the  articles  enumerated  as  relics  of  Sir 
Walter,  your  correspondent  mentions  a  tea-pot. 
I  wish  to  know  if  tea-pots  were  invented  before 
tea  was  introduced,  or  the  relic  in  question  be  no 
relic  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  all  ?  He  died  in 
1618  ;  tea  was  introduced  about  1650.  B.  H.  C. 


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tu 

We  are  compelled  this  week  to  omit  our  usual  NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  and  to 
postpone  until  next  Saturday,  in  hopes  in  the  meantime  of  solving  one  or 
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DUNCIAD  which  have  been  submitted  to  us. 

BOOKS  AND  ODD  VOLUMES  WANTED.  We  have  to  request  those  gentle- 
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A.  S.,  who  inquires  respecting  the  song  "  Star  of  the  twilight  grey." 
How  can  a  letter  be  forwarded  to  this  Correspondent  f 

DR.  MAN-SELL  OF  GUERNSEY.  We  have  seen  some  views  taken  by  this 
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X.  X.  The  case  of  Talbot  v.  Henderson  is  to  be  tried  at  the  Court  of 
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AMATEUR.  The  hyposulphite  is  decidedly  bad.  The  French  manu- 
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GALLO-NITRATE.  A  small  portion  of  any  vegetable  or  animal  matter 
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cotton  from  a  "  Buckle's  Brush." 

ERRATA.  — Vol.  x.,  p.  344.  col.  2.  1.  45.,  for  "1853,"  read  "  1843;*' 
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Parry  .H.  Punof  ka.  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault.  Frank  Romer,  G. H.  Kodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,*'  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO..  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  b°  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12  ; 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  I^ever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  1!) 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer.Gold, 
50  t'uineas  i  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  'il.,Al.,  and  4/.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 

TlfODERATEUR      LAMPS.  —  | 

ill    EVANS,  SONS,  &  CO.,  respectfully  in-   < 
vite  their  friends  and  the  public  to  on  in-   I 
spection  of  the  extensive  and  beautiful  STOCK  i 
of  these  much-admired  LAMPS,  jutt  received 
from  Paris,  embracing  all  recent  improvements, 
in  bronze,  or-mpulu,   crystal,  alabaster,  and 
porcelain,  of  various  elegant  designs,  suitable 
for  the   cottage  or   mansion.    Show   Kooms. 
33.  KING  WILLIAM  STREET,  LONDON 
BRIDGE. 


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I  SCHOOL  HYMN-BOOK.  Edited  by 
W.  F.  HOOK.D.D.  Large  paper,  cloth,  Is.  6d.; 
calf,  3s.  6d. 

London :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


DEC.  9.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

T\U     BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

\J  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headaches,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceache,  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  cough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox,  - 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1854.  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  mil  0/50,000  Cures: 

Cure  No.  71.,  of  dyspepsia,  from  the  Right 
Hon.  the  Lord  Stuart  de  Decies  :  —  "I  have 
derived  considerable  benefit  from  Du  Barry's 
Revalenta  Arabica  Food,  and  consider  it  due 
to  yourselves  and  the  public  to  authorise  the 
publication  of  these  lines."  —  STUART  DE 
DECIES. 

Cure  No.  180  :— "Twenty-five  years'  ner- 
vousness, constipation,  indigestion,  and  de- 
bility, from  which  I  have  suffered  great  misery, 
and  which  no  medicine  could  remove  or  re- 
lieve, have  been  effectually  cured  by  Du 
Barry's  Food  in  a  very  short  time."  —  W.  R. 
REEVES,  Pool  Anthony,  Tiverton. 

Cure  No.  49,«32 :— "  Fifty  years'  indescribable 
agony  from  dyspepsia,  nervousness,  asthma, 
cough,  constipation,  flatulency,  spasms,  sick- 
ness at  the  stomach  and  vomiting,  have  been 
removed  by  Du  Barry's  excellent  food."  — 
MARIA  JOLLY,  Wortham  Ling,  near  Diss, 
Norfolk. 

No.  4208.  "  Eight  years'  dyspepsia,  nervous- 
ness, debility  with  cramps,  spasms,  and  nausea, 
have  been  effectually  removed  by  Du  Barry's 
health-restoring  food.  I  shall  be  happy  to 
answer  any  inquiries,"  Rev.  JOHN  W.  FLA- 
VELL,  Ridlington  Rectory,  Norfolk. —  No.  81. 
"  Twenty  years'  liver  complaint,  with  dis- 
orders of  the  stomach,  bowels,  and  nerves," 
ANDREW  FRASER,  Haddington. 

No.  32,836.  "  Three  years'  excessive  nervous- 
ness, with  pains  in  my  neck  and  left  arm,  and 
general  debility,  which  rendered  my  life  very 
miserable,  have  been  radically  removed  by  Du 
Barry's  health-restoring  food."  —  ALEXANDER 
STDART,  Archdeacon  of  Ross,  Skibereen. 

No.  58,034.  Grammar  School,  Stevenage, 
Dec.  16, 1850  :  "  Gentlemen,  We  have  found  it 
admirably  adapted  for  infants.  Our  baby  has 
never  once  had  disordered  bowels  since  taking 
it." -R.  AMBLER. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lib..  2s. 
9d.;  2lb.,  4s.  6rf.  ;  51b.,  lls. ;  121b.,22s.  ;  super- 
refined,  lib..  6s.;  21b.,lls.  ;  5lb.,  22s.;  lOlb., 
33s.  The  lOlb.  and  121b.  carriage  free,  en  post- 
office  order.  Barry,  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77. 
Regent  Street,  London;  Fortnum,  Mason,  & 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
also  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street ;  330.  Strand  ;  of 
Barclay,  Edwards,  Sutton,  Sanger,  Hannay, 
Newberry,  and  may  be  ordered  through  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers.  Grocers,  and  Chemists. 


YTTESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 

f  f     RANCE  AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 

3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 

Founded  A.D.  1842. 


H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart.Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

3.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.— Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 
Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 
POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
loof..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits : 

Age  t,  s.  rf.  I  Age  £  s.  d. 

17  -  -  -  1  14    4  |    32-  -  -  2  10    8 

22  -  -  -  1  18    8       37  -  -  -  2  18    6 

27  -  -  -245|    42  -  -  -382 

ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6rf.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


T17HOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 

VV      PHIC     AND      OPTICAL     WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Fed  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depat  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


THE   IODIZED  COLLODION 
manufactured  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO., 

289.  Strand.  London,  is  still  unrivalled  for 
SENSITIVENESS  and  DENSITY  OF  NE- 
GATIVE ;  it  excels  all  others  in  its  keeping 
qualities  and  uniformity  of  constitution. 

Albumenized  Paper,  17J  by  11,  5s.  per  quire. 
Ditto,  Waxed,  7s.,  of  very  superior  quality. 
Double  Achromatic  Lenses  EQUAL  IN  ALL 
POINTS  to  those  of  any  other  Manufacturer  : 
Quarter  Plate,  21.  2s. ;  Half  Plate,  57.  ;  Whole, 
107.  Apparatus  and  Pure  Chemicals  of  all 
Descriptions. 

Just  published, 

PRACTICAL      HINTS     ON 

PHOTOGRAPHY,  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN.  Third 
Edition.  Price  Is. ;  per  Post,  Is.  id. 


PHOTOGRAPHS. 

NOVELTY  FOR  CHRISTMAS. 

Early  in  DECEMBER  will  be  published, 

TLLUSTRATIONS  OF  SCRIP- 

I  TURE  by  AN  ANIMAL  PAINTER. 
With  Notes  by  a  NATURALIST.  Twenty 
Photographs,  after  Drawings  by  J.  B.  Imp. 
4to.  Price  2;.  2s. 

Testimony  of  Sir  Edwin  Landseer. 
"  If  any  praise  from  me  can  add  to  the  popu- 
larity of  this  charming  work,  I  have  great 
pleasure  in  repeating  my  sincere  admiration 
for  its  extreme  originality  of  concept  ion  and 
admirable  accuracy  of  knowledge  of  the  crea- 
tures delineated.  Having  studied  animala 
during  my  whole  life,  perhaps  my  testimony 
as  to  the  truth  of  the  artist's  treatment  of  the 
Scriptural  Illustrations  may  have  some  in- 
fluence." 

Edinburgh  :  THOMAS  CONSTABLE  &  CO. 

London  :  HAMILTON,  ADAMS,  &  CO., 
and  ACKERMANN  &  CO. 
Dublin:   J.  M'GLASHAN. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


Just  published. 

PRACTICAL      PHOTOGRA- 
PHY on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 

containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Light,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BUMEN, WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  6d. 

Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Optician*, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 

Fleet  Street,  London. 


VV  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass) 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 


BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

*»*  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'8 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  267. 


TESTIMONIAL 

TO 

DB.  DIAMOND.  F.S.A. 

The  eminent  servleea  rendered  by  DR.  DIAMOND  to  Photography,  and  through  Photo- 
graphy to  Archaeology,  have  grveri  rise  to  a  general  feeling  that  he  ia  entitled  to  some  public 
acknowledgment  in  the  nature  of  a  Testimonial.  Scarcely  any  of  the  practisers  of  photography 
but  have  received  great  benefit  from  the  suggestions  and  improvements  of  DR.  DIAMOND. 
Those  improvements  have  been  the  results  of  numerous  and  costly  experiments,  carried  on  in 
the  true  spirit  of  scientific  inquiry,  and  afterwards  explained  in  the  most  frank  and  liberal 
manner  j  without  the  slightest  reservation  or  endeavour  to  obtain  from  them  any  private  or 
personal  advantage.  DR.  DIAMOND'S  conduct  in  this  respect  has  been  in  every  way  so  pecu- 
liarly honourable,  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  many  persons  will  be  rejoiced  to  have  an  oppor- 
tunity of  testifying  their  sense  of  his  high  merits  and  their  own  obligations  to  him,  by  aiding  the 
suggested  Testimonial. 

To  give  expression  to  this  feeling,  a  Meeting  was  recently  held,  when  the  following 
Gentlemen  were  elected  a  Committee  to  receive  Subscriptions. 

COMMITTEE. 

JOHN"  BRUCE,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
W.  DURRANT  COOPER,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
GEORGE  R.  CORNER,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
J.  J.  FORRESTER,  ESQ.,  F.G.S..&C. 
EDWARD  KATER,  ESQ.,  F.R.S.,  F.G.S. 
BEV.  J.  R.  MAJOR,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  Hon.  Sec. 


THOMAS   MACKINLAY,   ESQ.,    F.S.A., 

Hon.  Treas. 

WILLIAM  SMITH,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
REAR-ADMIRAL  W.  H.  SMYTH,  K.S.F. 
WILLIAM  J.  THOMS,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS  RECEIVED. 


John  Bruce,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  - 
George  R.  Corner,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
W.  D.  Cooper,  Esq., F.S.A. 
Edward  Kater,  Esq.,  F.R.S.      - 
Thomas  Mackinlay,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
Rev.  -T.  R.  Major,  M.A.      - 
W.  J.  Thorns,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
Editor  of  "Notes  and  Queries 
J.  J.  Forrester,  Esq.,  F.R.G.S.  - 
J.  J.  Forrester,  Jun.,  Esq.  - 

Forrester,  Esq.     - 

Miss  E.  Forrester        - 
Miss  Emily  Forrester 
W.  R.  Drake,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 


£  s.  d. 
220 
I  1  0 
1  1  0 
220 
550 
220 
1  1  0 
330 
550 
220 
1  1  0 
1  1  0 


Alfred  Rosling,  Esq.  - 
T.  D.  Eaton,  Esq.,  Norwich 
F.  Ouvry,  Esq.,  Trea.  S.  A. 
James  Crosby,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
W.  Sandys,  Esq.,  F.S.A.    - 
W.  Chappell,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
T.  W.  King,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  - 
W.  Salt,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

F.  W.  Fairholt,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
William  Smitu,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

G.  Smith,  Esq.     - 
W.  G.  Campbell,  Esq. 

R.  W.  S.  Lutwidge,  Esq.   - 
Henry  Hill,  Esq.,  F.S.A.   - 


Subscriptions  received  by  all  the  Members  of  the  Committee, 
made  payable   at   St.  Martin's  -  le  -  Grand  to  the  Ordi 
M  ACKINLAY,  ESQ.,  20.  Soho  Square,  London. 


UU1H1H1I.LCC.      Post-Office  Orders  to  be 
ler  of  the  Hon.  Treasurer,   THOMAS 


The  Library  of  the  late  Thomas  Croften 
Croker,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  M.R.I.A.,  &c. 

PUTTICK    AND    SIMPSON, 

Auctioneers  of  Literary  Property,  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Room, 
191.  Piccadilly,  on  MONDAY,  DECEMBER 
18th,  and  Two  following  Days,  the  greater  part 
of  the  Library  of  the  fate  TH<  >MAS  CROF- 
TON  CROKER,  ESQ.,  F.S.A.,  M.R.I.A.,  &c., 
consisting  chiefly  of  works  interesting  to  the  Ar- 
chaeologist and  Antiquary,  and  to  the  Student 
Of  Irish  History,  amongst  which  are  an  ex- 
tensive collection  of  Ballads  and  Broadsides, 
illustrative  of  the  history  of  Irish  affairs,  in 
several  volumes  folio  ;  the  late  Mr.  Croker's 
extensive  collections  for  a  History  of  Iri«h 
Ballad  Literature,  original  manuscript ;  Ori- 
ginal Correspondence  of  the  Earl  of  Ormonde, 
and  of  the  Earl  of  Orrery  ;  a  collection  of  Ma- 
nuscripts, in  8  vols.,  of  inestimable  importance 
for  the  history  of  the  time  ;  the  original  letters 
from  which  have  been  printed  "  The  Memoirs 
and  Correspondence  of  Viscountess  Sundon  ;  " 
Waclise's  Illustrations  to  Moore's  Melodies, 
proofs  before  letters,  a  selected  copy  ;  a  col- 
lection of  Tracts  on  Irish  affairs,  originally 
formed  at  an  expense  of  several  hundred 
pounds,  by  the  late  Mr.  Heber ;  Lindsay's 
various  Numismatic  Works  :  Squier's  Monu- 
ments of  the  Mississippi ;  the  Gentleman's 
M:i"nxine,  a  complete  set,  to  1853  :  Hakluyt 


Collectanea,  with  additional  illustrations, 
7  vols.  ;  Walton's  Ansler,  the  first  five  editions, 
splendid  copies ;  Topographical  and  other 


prints  :  Collections  for  a  History  of  Lithogra- 
phy ;  Original  Drawings  by  F.  Nicholson,  ic. 
Catalogues  may  be  had  on  Application,  if  at  a 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 

"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  268.] 


SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16.  1854. 


{Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition,  frd. 


CONTENTS. 

MOTES  :  —  Page 

Notes  on  Editions  of  "  The  Dunciad  "  -    477 
POPIANA  :  _  Pope's  Skull—Pope's  Essay 
on    Man  —  Pope's   Mother  —  Satirical 
Prints  of  Pope,  &c.         -          -          -    478 
Words  and  Phrases  common  at  Polperro, 

but  not  usual  elsewhere  -          -    479 

Trance-legends       -          -  -  -    480 


Hippolytus  to  Severina     - 


482 


MINOR  NOTES:—  Punctuation—  Origin 
of  Terms  "Whig"  and  "Tory"  — 
American  Newspapers  —  "  The  cut  of 
his  jib  "  —  Premiums  for  Babies  -  482 

QUERIES  :  — 
A  Political  Prophet  :  Elias  Habesci       -    483 

MINOR  QUERIES:—  French  Churches  — 
Bristol  Lectureships  —  Baptismal 
Query  —  Rev.  Thomas  Stackhouse  — 
Pronunciation  of  "  Two  "—The  "  Dub- 
lin Letter  "—P.  Abelard—  Seals,  Books 
relating  to  —  Flemings  in  England  — 
James  II.'s  Writiugs-Tallies-Sir  Ed- 
ward Grymes,  Baronet  —  "  Nominal" 

—  Prophecies  of  Nostradamus,  Marino, 
and  Joachim  —  "Demoralised"         -    494 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Thomas  a  Becket  —  Mrs.  Hofland  — 
Philip  Miller  —  Spanish  Songs  —  A 
Scotch  Song  —  "The  Elements  of 
Morality  "—"  Officia  Propria  Sanc- 
torum Hibernise"—  "Now-a-days"  486 

BEPMKS  :  — 

Holy-loaf  Money,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Rock     -  488 

Ossian  's  Poems,  by  Henry  II.  Breen       -  489 

Longevity,  by  Edward  Peacock,  &c.       -  489 
"  Alma  "  and  "  Belbec,"  by  T.  J.  Buck- 

ton,  £c.     -  -          -          -  -  490 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Pho- 
tography in  Germany  —  Mr.  How's 
Wax-paper  Process  _  Preserving  Sen- 
sitized Collodion  Plates  -  -  491 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :—"  Poli- 
tical Register"—  Will  and  Testament 

—  Sebastopol,  or  Sevastopol  —  "Ecrasez 
1'Infame  "  —  "  Sculcoates    Gote  "  — 
"  Talented  "  —  "  While  "  and  "  wile  " 

—  Stars   and    Flowers  —  "  Harlot  "_ 
The   dying  Words  of  Bede  —Family 
of  the  PaliEologi  —  Praying  towards 

the  West  -          ....    492 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &e.          ...    494 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Motices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X — No.  268. 


TESTIMONIAL 

TO 

DR,  DIAMOND,  F.S.A. 

The  eminent  services  rendered  by  DR.  DIAMOND  to  Photography,  and  through  Photo- 
graphy to  Archaeology,  have  given  rise  to  a  general  feeling  that  he  is  entitled  to  some  public 
acknowledgment  in  the  nature  of  a  Testimonial.  Scarce!  y  any  of  the  proetisers  of  photograph  y 
but  have  received  great  benent  from  the  suggestions  and  improvements  of  DR.  DIAMOND. 
Those  improvements  have  been  the  results  of  numerous  and  costly  experiments,  carried  on  in 
the  true  spirit  of  scientific  inquiry,  and  afterwards  explained  in  the  most  frank  and  liberal 
manner;  without  the  slightest  reservation  or  endeavour  to  obtain  from  them  any  private  or 
personal  advantage.  DR.  DIAMOND'S  conduct  in  this  respect  has  been  in  every  way  so  pecu- 
liarly honourable,  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  many  persons  will  be  rejoiced  to  have  an  oppor- 
tunity of  testifying  their  sense  of  his  high  merits  and  their  own  obligations  to  him,  by  aiding  the 
suggested  Testimonial. 

To  give  expression  to  this  feeling,  a  Meeting  was  recently  held,  when  the  following 
Gentlemen  were  elected  a  Committee  to  receive  Subscriptions. 

COMMITTEE. 


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J.  J.  FORRESTER,  ESQ.,  F.G.S.,  &c. 
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THOMAS   MACKXNLAY,  ESQ.,    F.S.A. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


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prising Tracts  by  John  Howe  and  Andrew 
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Mahomet,  and   the  Pope,  as  visited  in 
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Dolphinton. 

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MONTHLY   VOLUMES 

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IT  is  proposed  to  include  in  this  collection 
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copyright  productions  which  have  emanated 
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luable information. 


The  Series  will  commence  with  the  first  vo- 
lume (to  be  completed  in  three)  of 

TEE  COUKT  OF  ENGLAND 

UNDEK   TOX 

EEIGM  OF  THE  STUAKTS. 

By  J.  HENEAGE  JESSE. 


After  the  completion  of  this  work  will  follow 

KAYE'S  HISTORY  OF  THE 

WAR  IN  AFFGHANISTAN. 

WRIGHT'S         ENGLAND 

UNDER  THE  HOUSE  OF  HANOVER,  il- 
lustrated by  the  CARICATURES,  SATIRES, 
and  BURLESQUES  of  the  day.  With  300 
Illustrations. 

HORACE      WALPOLE'S 

LETTERS. 

MIGNET  S  LIFE  OF  MARY 

QUEEN  OF  SCOTS. 

THIERS'S      HISTORY      OF 

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LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1854. 


NOTES   ON   EDITIONS   OF    "THE   DUNCIAD." 

If  Pope  and  his  coadjutors  in  The  Dunciad  in- 
tended to  mystify  their  cotemporaries,  and  in- 
volve in  a  sea  of  doubt  and  difficulty  the  readers 
of  after  ages  who  might  attempt  to  solve  the  mys- 
teries attendant  on  such  publication,  their  inten- 
tion has  very  nearly  been  accomplished.  We  are 
of  opinion  that  the  various  issues  and  editions  of 
The  Dunciad  appeared  in  the  following  order. 
There  are  probably  copies  of  other  editions  in 
existence,  but  all  those  which  we  have  seen  be- 
long to  one  or  other  of  the  following  classes. 

(A.)  THE  DUNCIAD.  AN  HEROIC  POEM.  IN  THREE 
BOOKS.  DUBLIN,  PRINTED,  LONDON  REPRINTED, 

FOR  A.  DODD.     1728.     12mo. 

The  Frontispiece.  An  owl  (with  a  label  from 
the  beak  inscribed  THE  DUNCIAD)  perched  on  a 
pile  of  books,  marked,  P.  &  K.  Arthur. ;  Shakesp. 
Kestor'd  ;  Ogilby  ;  Dennis's  Works  ;  Newcastle  ; 
Gibber's  Plays  ;  "  and  at  the  bottom,  engraved  in 
one  line,  the  words  "  Dublin,  Printed,  London 
Reprinted,  for  A.  Dodd." 

On  p.  iii.  commences  "  The  Publisher  to  the 
Reader,"  which  extends  to  p.  viii.  This  begins, 
"  It  will  be  found  a  true  observation,"  &c.,  and 
ends  with  the  quotation  from  La  Bruyere : 

"  Voudriez-vous,  Theobalde,  que  je  crusse  que  vous  etes 
baisse,"  &c. 

and  is  in  short  the  preface  which  is  printed  in  the 
later  editions  as  that  "  prefixed  to  the  five  imper- 
fect editions  of  The  Dunciad"  &c. 

Then  follows  bastard  title,  The  Dunciad,  in 
Three  Books. 

Commences  on  p.  1.  sig.  B. 
"  Book  and  the  man  I  sing,  the  first  who  brings." 
And  in  the  word  "  who,"  which  is  at  the  end  of 
the  line,  the  o  has  slipped. 

Page  1 .  The  Dunciad.  Book  the  First.  This 
ends  on  p.  14.  1.  250.  : 

"  And  the  loud  nation  croak'd,  God  save  King  Log  ! " 

Page  15.  The  Dunciad.  Book  the  Second. 
This  ends  on  p.  35.  1.  382. : 

"  (Haunt  of  the  Muses)  made  their  safe  retreat." 

Page  36.  The  Dunciad.  Book  the  Third. 
This  ends  on  p.  51.  1.  285-6. : 

"  No  more  the  monarch  could  such  raptures  bear ; 
He  wak'd,  and  all  the  vision  mix'd  with  air." 

Finis. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  this  is  the  first  edition, 
as  shown  by  our  correspondent  THE  WRITER,  &c. 
(ante,  p.  198.),  who  there  gives,  from  The  Daily 
Post,  the  advertisement  dated  May  18,  announcing 
"  This  day  is  published,"  &c. ;  and  the  accuracy 


of  our  correspondent's  conjecture  is  borne  out 
by  a  copy  which  formerly  belonged  to  Malone 
(now  the  property  of  Mr.  Peter  Cunningham), 
and  in  which  is  the  following  note  by  that  dili- 
gent antiquary : 

"First  published  at  London  in  May  1728.  See  the 
Monthly  Chronicle  of  that  year.  The  words  '  Dublin 
printed '  were  merely  a  disguise.  The  price  of  this  first 
edition  was  only  sixpence E.  M." 

(B.)  THE  DUNCIAD.  AN  HEROIC  POEM.  IN  THREE 
BOOKS.  DUBLIN,  PRINTED,  LONDON  REPRINTED, 

FOR  A.  DODD.     1728.     8vo.     Owl  Frontispiece. 

This,  of  which  there  is  a  copy  in  the  British 
Museum,  is  the  same  precisely  as  A.,  but  it  has 
been  worked  in  octavo.  It  is  from  the  identical 
type,  and  contains  precisely  the  same  errors,  mis- 
arranged  letters,  &c.,  as  the  preceding. 

Although  there  is  really  no  direct  proof  that  B. 
may  not  have  been  first  issued,  we  are  inclined  to 
believe  that  A.  was  so,  because  it  was  obviously 
composed  for  a  12mo.  page  ;  and,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  Museum  copy  of  B.,  all  the  other  issues 
of  this  first  composition  have  been  in  12mo. 

(C.)  THE  DUNCIAD.  AN  HEROIC  POEM.  IN  THREE 
BOOKS.  DUBLIN,  PRINTED,  LONDON  REPRINTED, 

FOR  A.  DODD.     1728.     12mo.     Owl  Frontispiece. 

This  is  a  third  issue  or  edition  from  the  same 
types,  but  with  some  few  corrections,  as  in  the 
opening  line,  which  here  reads  correctly  "  Books," 
instead  of  "Book,"  and  in  the  note  respecting 
John  Heywood,  on  p.  5.,  where  "/nterludes"  is 
altered  to  "JEnterludes,"  which  is  the  orthography 
of  the  4to.,  1729. 

This  edition,  which,  like  A.  and  B.,  ends  on 
p.  51.,  has  on  the  verso  of  that  page  the  following 
advertisement : 

"  Speedily  will  be  Published,  The  Progress  of  Dulness, 
an  Historical  Poem.  By  an  Eminent  Hand.  Price 
Is.  6d." 

All  three  of  these  impressions  show  that  they 
have  been  taken  from  the  same  types,  as  may  be 
seen  by  a  reference  to  the  word  "  half"  in  the 
second  line  of  Book  the  Second,  where  the  /  is 
misplaced,  and  in  line  56  of  the  same  book,  where 
"  spirts  "  is  misprinted  "  spirits." 

Finally,  they  all  three  read,  book  i.  line  94. : 
"  And  furious  D n  foam  in  Wh 's  rage." 

(D.)  THE  DUNCIAD.  AN  HEROIC  POEM.  IN  THREE 

BOOKS.  THE  SECOND  EDITION.  (Here  a  woodcut 
ornament,  which  differs  from  that  in  the  title- 
pages  of  A.,  B.,  C.)  DUBLIN,  PRINTED  ;  LONDON, 

REPRINTED  FOR  A.  DODD.  1728.  12mo.,  with  the 
Frontispiece  of  the  Owl. 

This  edition,  of  which  there  is  a  copy  in  the. 
British  Museum,  is  printed  from  the  same  types  as 
A.,B.,C.,  but  they  have  been  reimposed,  and  some 
corrections  made. 

The  Preface  commences  on  p.  iii.  and  ends  on 
p.  viii. 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


There  is  no  bastard  title. 

Book  the  First  commences  on  p.  1.  and  ends  on 
p.  14. 

At  p.  5.,  in  note  *,  after  "  Sir  Geo.  Tho "  is 

added  "  Lord  Mayor  of  London." 

Page  7.  Two  notes  are  inserted :  "  Old  prin- 
ters," "  Philemon  Holland." 

Book  the  Second  commences  on  p.  15.  and  ends 
at  p.  35.,  with  a  different  woodcut  ornament  from 
that  in  the  preceding. 

Page  22.  On  line  — 

"  Earless  on  high  stood  pillory'd  D ," 

there  is  the  following  note : 

"It  appears  from  hence  that  Mr.  Curl  had  not  himself 
stood  in  the  pillory  when  this  poem  was  writ,  which  hap- 
pen'd  not  till  March,  1728,  at  Charing  Cross." 

Page  23.,  line  159.,  "spirts." 

Book  the  Third  commences  on  p.  36.  and  con- 
cludes on  p.  51. 

This  edition  has  not  the  advertisement  of  Pro- 
gress of  Dulness. 

Lastly,  we  may  notice  that  in  this  edition  "  fu- 
rious D — n  "  is  altered  to  "  furious  D — s." 
"  And  furious  D s  foam  in  W 's  rage." 

We  now  come  to  an  edition  which  probably 
preceded  the  one  we  have  just  described,  it  having 
certainly  been  printed  from  a  copy  of  A.,  B.,  or  C. 

(E  )  THE  DCNCIAD.  AN  HEROIC  POEM.  IN 
THREE  BOOKS.  WRITTEN  BY  MR.  POPE.  LONDON  I 
PRINTED,  AND  DUBLIN  REPRINTED  BY  AND  FOR 
G.  FAULKNEB,  J.  HOEY,  J.  LEATHLEY,  E.  HAMIL- 
TON, P.  CRAMPTON,  AND  T.  BENSON,  MDCCXXVIII., 

12mo.,  or  rather  very  small  8vo.,  being  printed  in 
eights.     No  frontispiece. 

Page  iii.  "The  Publisher  to  the  Reader," 
which  extends  to  p.  vi.,  and  is  the  same  as  in  the 
preceding  Edition  A. 

Page  7.  The  Dunciad.  Book  the  First,  which 
ends  at  p.  17.  1.  250. : 

"  And  the  loud  nation  croak'd,  God  save  King  Log !  " 

Page  18.  The  Dunciad.  Book  the  Second. 
This  ends  on  p.  34.  with  1.  382.  : 

"  (Haunt  of  the  Muses)  made  their  safe  retreat." 

Page  35.  The  Dunciad.  Book  the  Third. 
This  ends  on  p.  47.  with  lines  285-6.  : 

"No  more  the  Monarch  could  such  raptures  bear, 
He  wak'd,  and  all  the  Vision  mix'd  with  air." 

Finis. 

In  this  edition  the  names  are  given  at  length, 
and  not,  as  in  the  preceding,  with  the  initials. 
Thus  book  i.  1.  94.  reads,  — 

"  And  furious  Dryden  foam  in  Wharton's  rage ; " 
and  line  234. : 

"  Something  between  a  Hungerford  and  Owl." 

(To  be  continued.') 


Pope's  Skull  (Vol.  x.,  p.  418.).  —  That  the 
grave  of  Pope  has  been  disturbed  I  have  no 
doubt,  for,  about  twenty  or  twenty-five  years  ago, 
an  old  gentleman  (who  is  since  dead)  told  me  he 
had  himself  seen  the  bones  of  Pope  the  poet  when 
the  vault  or  grave  was  opened  at  the  period  re- 
ferred to.  And  in  a  kind  of  Annual  or  Album 
for  some  year  about  1825  or  1830,  which  was  ly- 
ing on  the  table  where  I  was  staying,  there  were 
some  lines  severely  animadverting  upon  the  above 
circumstance,  which  appeared  to  have  been  just 
perpetrated. 

Besides  this,  I  was  once  a  member  of  a  literary 
and  scientific  institution  which  was  held  in  Hack- 
ney Road,  when  a  lecture  was  given  on  Phreno- 
logy. The  lecturer  (whose  name  I  forget)  was 
showing  that  the  parts  of  the  cranium  where  the 
particular  organs  which  were  most  exercised  were 
situated  became  thinner,  and  vice  versa.  "  Now," 
said  the  lecturer,  holding  up 

"  The  dome  of  thought,  the  palace  of  the  soul," 

as  Byron  finely  expresses  it  (but  which,  by  the 
way,  is  borrowed  -from  Waller's  verses  upon 
"Tea"),  and  placing  it  near  the  light,  "you  will 
perceive  that  the  os  frontis  is  here  nearly  trans- 
parent, while  the  back  part  has  twice  the  sub- 
stance ;  showing  the  person  to  whom  it  belonged 
must  have  passed  his  life  in  continual  study  and 
contemplation.  This,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  is  the 
skull  of  Pope  the  poet ! "  The  sensation  caused 
by  this  announcement  was  such,  that  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  lecture  there  was  a  general  rush  to 
view  it  nearer,  as  it  lay  a  few  minutes  on  the 
table  previous  to  its  being  put  away  ;  and  I  have 
never  seen  or  heard  of  it  from  that  time,  some 
twelve  or  fifteen  years,  to  the  present. 

And  now  we  are  upon  the  subject  of  Pope,  can 
any  one  inform  me  where,  and  in  what  church, 
the  monument  is  placed  which  is  referred  to  in  the 
following  lines  from  Epistle  III.,  Moral  Essays  ? 

"  When  Hopkins  dies,  a  thousand  lights  attend 
The  wretch,  who  living  saved  a  candle's  end. 
Shouldering  God's  altar,  a  vile  image  stands, 
Belies  his  features,  nay,  extends  his  hands. 
That  live-long  wig,  which  Gorgon's  self  might  own, 
Eternal  buckle  takes  in  Parian  stone." 

I  may  remark  that  "  Vulture  Hopkins,"  as  he 
was  called,  lived  somewhere  near  Peckham,  Nor- 
wood, or  Camberwell.*  W.  B. 

Dalston. 

P.  S. — You  are  no  doubt  aware  that  the  skull 
of  Swift,  and  I  think  also  of  Stella,  is  preserved 
in  the  museum  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  with 
that  of  the  Duke  of  Schomberg,  killed  at  the 
battle  of  the  Boyne. 

[*  Vulture  Hopkins  was  buried  in  Wimbledon  Church. 
See  Lysons'  Environs,  vol.  i.  p.  534.] 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


479 


Some  years  since  I  saw  Pope's  skull  in  the  posses- 
sion of  Dr.  Spurzheim,  and  he  used  to  refer  to  it 
in  corroboration  of  some  of  his  craniological  doc- 
trines. After  his  death  many  of  his  casts  were  sent 
to  Philadelphia,  but  whether  this  skull  accompanied 
them  I  know  not.  Mr.  D.  Holm,  of  Higbgate, 
could  give  precise  information  on  the  subject,  I 
believe,  as  he  inherited  most  of  Dr.  Spurzheim's 
phrenological  specimens.  D.  ANDREEF. 


Pope's  Essay  on  Man.  —  I  have  a  copy  of  the 
first  epistle,  "published  June,  1741,  according  to 
act  of  parliament ;  printed  for  the  benefit  of  the 
designer,"  of,  I  suppose,  some  curious  engravings 
which  head  each  page,  and  were  intended,  I  pre- 
sume, to  illustrate  the  poem.  It  is  in  some  slight 
respects  different  from  the  usual  readings,  which 
circumstance,  with  the  absence  of  a  printer's  or 
publisher's  name,  leads  me  to  infer  that  it  was  a 
surreptitious  publication.  What  is  its  history  ? 

H.  G.  D. 


Pope's  Mother.  —  M.  D.  is  in  want  of  inform- 
ation of  the  family  of  Edith  Turner,  the  beloved 
mother  of  Pope. 

Satirical  Prints  of  Pope,  Sfc.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  458.). 
— The  satirical  print  described  by  GRIFFIN  relates, 
as  I  conceive,  not  to  Bolingbroke,  as  he  supposes, 
but  to  Wilkes ;  who,  as  we  learn  from  Seward's 
Spirit  of  Anecdote  and  Wit  (vol.iii.  p.  97.),  — 

"  Usually  wrote  his  satire  against  Lord  Bute's  ministry 
(himself  sitting  in  his  bed)  upon  a  desk,  a  la  posterior : 
this  portatif  desk,  Wilkes  used  to  say  jocularly,  his  mis- 
tress would  not  have  parted  with  for  50,000/.,  however 
cheap  she  might  have  mortgaged  it,  or  let  it  out  to  hire." 

This  is  probably  the  anecdote  of  which  GRIFFIN 
has  an  imperfect  recollection.      WILLIAM  KELLY. 


WORDS   AND  PHRASES   COMMON    AT   POLPERRO,  BUT 
NOT    USUAL   ELSEWHERE. 

(Concluded from  p.  441.) 

Wang,  to  hang  about  any  person  in  a  tiresome 
manner.  Children  are  said  to  be  wanging  about 
their  mother,  when  they  hold  and  drag  themselves 
by  her  garments  wherever  she  goes. 

Warom,  for  warm;  as  also  Worom,  for  worm. 
And  the  latter  word  (worm)  is  often  used  in  an 
affectionate  and  kind  sense  to  any  object,  as  even 
a  child. 

Whelve  or  Whilve,  to  turn  upside  down  any 
hollow  vessel.  A  basin  is  said  to  be  whelved,  when 
it  is  placed  with  its  bottom  upwards. 

Whem,  an  interrupted  flaw  in  some  brittle  ar- 
ticle (a  word  not  in  frequent  use). 

Whettals.     The  flannel  dress  of  a  new-born 


baby,  that  dress  which  goes  round  the  breech  and 
legs. 

Whisht,  melancholy.  A  place  or  person  is  said 
to  be,  to  look  whisht,  when  it  has  a  gloomy  ap- 
pearance. Burns  uses  the  word  in  the  sense  of 
silence  ;  but  with  us  it  always  includes  the  idea  of 
melancholy  and  gloom. 

Whinnick,  to  cheat  in  a  cunning  way. 

Winder,  a  window. 

Wroxle,  to  walk  unsteadily,  to  stagger ;  also  to 
wrestle. 

Yolky,  dirty,  unclean,  from  habitual  neglect. 
Wool  is  said  to  be  yolky,  and  in  the  yolk,  when  in 
the  state  in  which  it  is  sheared  from  the  sheep. 
I  suppose  the  word  to  mean  a  dull  yellow  colour, 
as  seen  in  linen  when  it  has  been  long  worn,  or  is 
not  well  cleaned ;  and  the  yolk  of  an  egg  is  the 
yellow  part  of  it.  But  the  adjective  form  of  the 
word,  as  often  used  with  us,  always  means  intrin- 
sically filthy,  as  distinguished  from  any  new  and 
casual  dirt,  however  conspicuous. 

Zachy,  imbecile.  Very  deficient  in  under- 
standing. 

Zang,  a  small  sheaf  of  corn ;  about  as  much  as 
the  hand  can  grasp,  with  the  reed  or  stalks  inter- 
woven together ;  made  by  gleaners  from  the 
straws  collected  by  them  after  the  field  has  been 
cleared  of  the  harvest.  As  these  zangs  are  all  of 
one  size,  the  number  of  them  collected  is  often 
spoken  of  as  decisive  of  the  success  of  the  gleaner. 

Zam,  a  thing  only  half  done.  Applied  in  two 
cases:  as  when  a  door  is  almost,  but  not  alto- 
gether shut,  it  is  said  to  be  zam ;  and  again,  when 
anything  is  not  sufficiently  boiled,  it  is  said  to  be 
zamsoddened.  I  have  never  heard  it  applied  to 
meat  when  partially  baked ;  and  yet  an  oven, 
when  it  remains  warm  presently  after  the  baked 
bread  or  meat  has  been  withdrawn  from  it,  is  said 
to  be  a  zam  oven.  Cold  meat  is  often  placed  in 
the  zam  oven  to  warm  it. 

Zwele,  to  singe.  A  cloth  is  said  to  be  zweled, 
when  it  is  simply  singed  from  the  first  effect  of 
fire. 


Words  omitted  in  their  proper  Places. 

Brage,  to  scold  violently. 

Chucking,  half-famished,  as  if  the  cheeks  were 
smitten  together.  "  I  am  chucking  with  hunger"  is 
a  common  phrase. 

Chug.  Why  do  farmers'  servants  constantly  use 
the  words  chug  and  chuggy,  when  they  endeavour 
to  call  to  themselves  the  young  pigs  ? 

Dem.  I  suppose  it  to  mean  wood,  probably 
dry  wood ;  but  the  only  way  in  which  the  word 
is  employed  in  the  singular  number,  is  in  reference 
to  the  dead  and  dry  stock  of  an  apple-tree,  which 
is  termed  appledern. 

Dreshel,  the  flail  to  thrash  corn  with. 

Drexel,  the  threshold  of  a  door. 


480 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


Ging,  the  whip  employed  to  spin  a  top. 

Goss,  the  name  of  the  reed  called  by  botanists 
Arundo  phragmites.  Whitaker,  in  his  Cathedral 
of  Cornwall,  says  that  goss  means  a  wood ;  and 
he  takes  occasion  to  say  that  the  Goss  Moor,  near 
Helston,  took  its  name  from  a  large  wood  that 
once  existed  there.  It  is  certain,  however,  that 
this  moor  is  well  stocked  with  reeds ;  and  goss 
signifies  a  reed. 

Her.  The  word  her  is  in  common  use  instead 
of  the  pronoun  she;  and  in  verbs  of  the  third 
person  singular,  the  termination  in  th  has  not  been 
generally  superseded  by  the  more  modern  s. 
Hence,  "  her  goeth "  is  often  heard  instead  of 
"  she  goes ; "  "  her  telleth  me  "  instead  of  "  she 
tells  me." 

Highto,  the  infantine  name  of  a  horse :  and 
much  more  frequently,  because  more  easily  used 
by  very  young  children  than  the  word  horse. 

Klunh.  A  word  used  through  Cornwall  as  a 
verb  to  express  the  action  of  swallowing ;  but  its 
meaning  is  more  precise  than  the  common  ex- 
planation of  it  would  imply.  The  hlunker  is  the 
portion  of  the  mouth  named  the  uvula.  The  word 
to  hlunk  means  that  action  by  which  food  passes 
from  the  tongue  into  the  pharynx. 

Lake.  With  us  it  does  not  signify  a  large  ex- 
panse of  water  inclosed  by  land,  but  a  small 
stream  of  running  water.  In  two  instances,  also, 
it  is  the  name  of  a  space  in  the  open  sea,  where  a 
current  particularly  runs  :  as  G-wavas  Lake,  often 
called  Gover's  Lake,  near  Penzance ;  and  "  the 
Lake,"  not  far  from  Polperro. 

Meader.  A  mower  of  hay ;  but  since  the  use 
of  the  scythe  has  also  been  introduced  in  the  cut- 
ting of  corn  (which  is  within  a  few  years),  this 
word  has  been  applied  to  a  mower  generally. 
This  word  appears  in  the  following  verse  of  an 
old,  and  I  supposed  unpublished,  song : 

"  Summer  now  comes,  which  makes  all  things  bolder ; 

The  fields  are  all  deck'd  with  hay  and  with  corn ; 
The  meader  walks  forth  with  his  scythe  on  his  shoulder, 

His  firkin  in  hand,  so  early  in  the  morn." 

Merry  Dancers.   The  flickering  Aurora  borealis. 

Paddick,  a  small  pitcher. 

Tidy,  plump,  and  in  good  condition.  "  Tidy  as 
a  mur  "  is  a  common  phrase,  as  comparing  a  well- 
fed  person  or  animal  with  the  bird  so  named. 

VIDEO. 


TRANCE-LEGENDS. 

(Continued from  p.  458.) 

I  may  as  well  give  a  portion  of  the  Welsh  le- 
gend referred  to,  as  it  has  some  resemblance  to 
the  ancient  Legend  of  Epimenides  : 

"  In  a  retired  little  spot  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Pen- 
cader  dwelt  Sion  Evan  o  Glanrhyd,  a  shepherd.  One 
day  his  son  went  out  to  look  after  their  flock,  which  used 


to  pasture  on  the  hills.  In  the  course  of  his  walk  he  met 
with  a  fairy  circle,  and,  stepping  in,  immediately  felt  an 
irresistible  inclination  to  dance.  This  went  on  apparentlj- 
for  a  short  time,  and  Evan  then  stepped  out,  with  the  in- 
tention of  returning  home.  But  he  had  not  gone  far 
before  he  paused  in  amaze.  Everything  around  seemed 
to  have  been  suddenly  altered ;  instead  of  an  uncultivated 
waste,  enclosures  met  his  eye ;  and  houses  reared  their 
heads,  where  of  late  the  heathcock  harboured.  The  face 
of  the  country,  in  short,  was  entirely  new  to  him ;  but  he 
still  went  on  anxiously  looking  for  his  own  home.  He 
rubbed  his  eyes,  for,  lo !  his  father's  cottage  had  vanished, 
and  a  substantial  farmhouse  rose  in  its  stead,"  &c. 

The  Legend  proceeds  to  enumerate  the  astonish- 
ing changes  which  await  our  poor  shepherd  at 
every  step,  and  make  him  doubt  whether  he  be 
in  possession  of  his  senses.  It  winds  up  with  his 
going  to  a  very  old  woman,  who  for  a  long  time  is 
unable  to  remember  having  ever  heard  of  his 
name ;  at  last  she  exclaims,  — 

"  Oh !  now  I  recollect,  when  I  was  very  young,  hearing 
my  grandfather,  Evan  Shenkin  Penferdir,  tell  that  Sion's 
son  went  out  amongst  the  hills  one  day,  and  was  never 
heard  of  more ;  he  fell,  no  doubt,  amongst  the  Tylwyth 
Teg." 

The  Legend  of  Epimenides  is  thus  narrated  by 
Diogenes  Laertius : 

"  He  once,  when  he  was  sent  by  his  father  into  the 
fields  to  look  for  a  sheep,  turned  out  of  the  road  at  mid- 
day, and  lay  down  in  a  certain  cave  and  fell  asleep,  and 
slept  there  fifty-seven  years:  and  after  that,  when  he 
awoke,  he  went  on  looking  for  the  sheep,  thinking  he  had 
been  taking  a  short  nap  :  but  as  he  could  not  find  it,  he 
went  on  to  the  field,  and  then  he  found  everything 
changed,  and  the  estate  in  another  person's  possession ; 
and  so  he  came  back  again  to  the  city  in  great  perplexity, 
and  as  he  was  going  into  his  own  house  he  met  some 
people  who  asked  him  who  he  was,  until  at  last  he  found 
his  younger  brother,  who  had  now  become  an  old  man, 
and  from  him  he  learned  all  the  truth.  And  when  he  was 
recognised,  he  was  considered  by  the  Greeks  as  a  person 
especially  beloved  by  the  gods." 

Todd,  in  his  admirable  Student's  Manual,  has 
some  remarks  which  may  be  appropriately  ap- 
pended to  these  legends. 

"  Locke  observes,  '  that  we  get  the  idea  of  time  or 
duration  by  reflecting  on  that  train  of  ideas  which  suc- 
ceed one  another  in  our  minds ;  that  for  this  reason,  when 
we  sleep  soundly  without  dreaming,  we  have  no  percep- 
tion of  time,  or  the  length  of  it,  while  we  sleep ;  and  that 
the  moment  wherein  we  leave  off  to  think,  till  the  mo- 
ment we  begin  to  think  again,  seems  to  have  no  distance. 
And  so,  no  doubt,  it  would  be  to  a  waking  man,  if  it  were 
possible  for  him  to  keep  only  one  idea  in  his  mind  without 
variation,  and  the  succession  of  others ;  and  we  see  that 
one  who  fixes  his  thoughts  very  intently  on  one  thing,  so 
as  to  take  but  little  notice  of  the  succession  of  ideas  that 
pass  in  his  mind,  while  he  is  taken  up  with  the  earnest 
contemplation,  lets  slip  out  of  his  account  a  good  part  of 
that  duration,  and  thinks  the  time  shorter  than  it  is.' 
Hence  on  this  principle  you  will  notice  that  life  always 
seems  short,  in  looking  back,  to  those  who  have  been 
troubled  with  but  few  thoughts.  Idiots  and  sick  people 
frequently  have  weeks  pass  away,  while  to  them  they 
seem  scarcely  so  many  days  ....  The  curious  remark  of 
the  philosopher  Malebranche  is  far  from  being  impro- 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


481 


bable ;  the  thought  is  beautiful  as  well  as  curious :  '  It  is 
possible  that  some  creatures  may  think  half-an-hour  as 
long  as  we  do  a  thousand  years,  or  look  upon  that  space 
of  duration  which  we  call  a  minute  as  an  hour,  a  week,  a 
month,  or  a  whole  age.'  If  Locke's  theory  be  correct,  it 
follows  that  time  will  seem  long  or  short,  just  in  propor- 
tion as  our  thoughts  are  quick  or  slow.  Hence  he  who 
dies  in  the  very  morning  of  life  not  unfrequently  lives 
longer  than  another  who  falls  at  threescore  and  ten. 
Hence,  too,  the  prediction  of  the  prophet  may  be  literally 
true,  '  The  child  shall  die  an  hundred  years  old.'  The 
Eastern  nations  have  long,  to  all  appearance,  had  this 
thought.  I  will  give  the  exquisite  illustration,  drawn  by 
the  masterly  pen  of  Addison. 

" '  In  the  Koran  it  is  said  that  the  angel  Gabriel  took 
Mahomet  out  of  his  bed  one  morning,  to  give  him  a  sight 
of  all  things  in  the  seven  heavens,  in  paradise,  and  in 
hell,  which  the  prophet  took  a  distinct  view  of,  and,  after 
having  held  ninety  thousand  conferences  with  God,  was 
brought  back  again  to  his  bed.  All  this,  says  the  Koran, 
was  transacted  in  so  small  a  space  of  time,  that  Mahomet 
on  his  return  found  his  bed  still  warm,  and  took  up  an 
earthen  pitcher  which  was  thrown  down  at  the  very  in- 
stant that  the  angel  carried  him  away,  before  the  water 
was  all  spilt !  There  is  a  very  pretty  story  in  the  Turkish 
tales  which  relates  to  this  passage  of  the  famous  im- 
postor, and  bears  some  affinity  to  the  subject  we  are  now 
upon.' " 

The  story  which  follows  (of  a  Sultan  of  Egypt 
and  a  Mahometan  doctor)  is  too  long  for  in- 
sertion ;  it  concludes  with  the  morale  — 

"  The  doctor  took  this  occasion  of  instructing  the  Sultan 
that  nothing  was  impossible  with  God ;  that  He,  with 
whom  a  thousand  years  are  but  as  one  day,  can,  if  He 
pleases,  make  a  single  day,  nay,  a  single  moment,  appear 
to  any  of  His  creatures  as  a  thousand  years." 

Emerson  remarks  in  one  of  his  striking  Essays : 

"  The  SOUL  circumscribeth  all  things.  As  I  have  said, 
it  contradicts  all  experience.  In  like  manner  it  abolishes 
time  and  space.  The  influence  of  the  SENSES  has,  in  most 
men,  overpowered  the  mind  to  that  degree  that  the  walls 
of  time  and  space  have  come  to  look  solid,  real,  and  in- 
surmountable ;  and  to  speak  with  levity  of  these  limits 
is,  in  the  world,  the  sign  of  insanity.  Yet  time  and  space 
are  but  the  inverse  measures  of  the  force  of  the  soul.  A 
man  is  capable  of  abolishing  them  both.  The  spirit  sports 
with  time, — 

'  Can  crowd  eternity  into  an  hour, 
Or  stretch  an  hour  out  to  eternity.' 

We  are  often  made  to  feel  that  there  is  another  youth  and 
age  than  that  which  is  measured  from  the  year  of  our 
natural  birth.  Some  thoughts  always  find  us  young  and 
keep  us  so.  Such  a  thought  is  the  love  of  the  universal 
and  eternal  beauty.  Every  man  parts  from  that  contem- 
plation with  the  feeling  that  it  rather  belongs  to  ages 
than  to  mortal  life.  The  least  activity  of  the  intellectual 
powers  redeems  us  in  a  degree  from  the  influences  of 
time.  In  sickness,  in  languor,  give  us  a  strain  of  poetry 
or  a  profound  sentence,  and  we  are  refreshed ;  or  produce 
a  volume  of  Plato,  or  Shakspeare,  or  remind  us  of  their 
names,  and  instantly  we  come  into  a  feeling  of  longevity. 
....  Always  the  soul's  scale  is  one ;  the  scale  of  the 
senses  and  the  understanding  is  another.  Before  the 
great  revelations  of  the  SOUL,  time,  space,  and  nature 
shrink  away,"  &c. —  The  Over- Soul. 

These  Legends  beautifully  illustrate  the  great 
truth  that  the  soul  is  "its  own  place  and  time," 


and  the  sublime  passage  in  the  Apocalyptic  vi- 
sion : 

"  And  the  angel  which  I  saw  stand  upon  the  sea  and 
upon  the  earth,  lifted  up  his  hand  to  heaven,  and  sware 
by  Him  that  liveth  for  ever  and  ever,  who  created  heaven, 
and  the  things  that  therein  are,  and  the  earth  and  the 
things  that  therein  are,  and  the  sea  and  the  things  which 
are  therein,  THAT  THERE  SHOULD  BE  TIME  NO  LONGER."  * 

P.  S.  —  Since  writing  the  above  I  have  gotten 
the  last  edition  of  Longfellow's  Golden  Legend, 
which  I  am  glad  to  find  contains  some  notes  which 
were  sadly  wanting  in  the  first  edition.  In  one  of 
these  notes  he  says,  — 

"  I  have  called  this  poem  The  Golden  Legend,  because 
the  story  upon  which  it  is  founded  seems  to  me  to  surpass 
all  other  legends  in  beauty  and  significance.  It  exhibits, 
amid  the  corruptions  of  the  Middle  Ages,  the  virtue  of 
disinterestedness  and  self-sacrifice,  and  the  power  of 
Faith,  Hope,  and  Charity,  sufficient  for  all  the  exigencies 
of  life  and  death.  The  story  is  told,  and  perhaps  invented, 
by  Hartmann  von  der  Aue,  a  minnesinger  of  the  twelfth 
century.  The  original  may  be  found  in  Mailath's  Alt- 
deutsche  Gedichte,  with  a  modern  German  version.  There 
is  another  in  Marbach's  Volhsbucher,  No.  32." 

The  original  Legend,  Der  Arme  Heinrich,  may 
be  found  at  p.  145.  of  Mailath's  Selection.  In  the 
introduction  to  this  "  pearl  of  old  German  poetry," 
as  he  styles  it,  the  Count  observes  : 

"  Es  ist  unmoglich,  dieses  wunderschone  Gedicht  anders, 
denn  mit  tiefer  Rtthrung  und  siisser  Wehmuth  zu  lesen. 
Es  ist  ein,  vom  Anfang  bis  an's  Ende  gleich  gehaltenes, 
vortreffliches  Werk." 

After  a  sketch  of  the  legend,  he  adds  : 

"  Im  armen  Heinrich  ist  aber  noch  ein  besonderes  nnd 
sehr  beachtenswerthes  Motiv,  dass  die  Aeltern  in  des 
Kindes  Opfertod  willigen,  und  ihn  Heinrich  annimmt; 
sie  glauben  namlich,  der  Entschluss  der  Maid  sey  durch 
Eingebung  des  heiligen  Geistes  enstanden,  und  diess  ist 
auch  der  Gedanke,  der,  als  das  Kind  abreist,  ihre  Noth 
sanftet :  wie  der  Dichter  spricht." 

This  postscript  is  foreign  to  the  subject  of  my 
Note ;  but  I  was  induced  to  add  it,  as  Longfellow's 
note  is  rather  meagre,  and  Mailath's  book  rather 
scarce.  There  may  be  different  opinions  as  to  the 
merit  of  the  original  Legend,  but  there  are  pro- 
bably few  that  will  consider  it  improved  by  Mr. 
Longfellow.  However,  this  is  not  the  place  to 
contrast  the  two. 

It  is  remarkable  that  Longfellow  appends  no 
note  whatsoever  to  the  Legend  of  Monk  Felix,  so 
that  my  Note  on  the  subject  supplies  a  deside- 
ratum. ElEIONNACH. 

*  I  shall  perhaps,  in  another  paper,  notice  some  other 
trance-legends  which  transport  the  soul  — 

"  To  vast  eternity's  unbounded  sea, 
Where  the  green  islands  of  the  happy  shine :  " 

and  also  such  well-authenticated  cases  of  trance  in  mo- 
dern tirnes  as  throw  light  on  these  legends ;  as,  for  in- 
stance, the  trance  of  Mr.  Tennant,  quoted  from  a  Phila- 
delphia paper  by  Mrs.  Howitt  in  the  Appendix  to  Enne- 
moser,  vol.  ii.  p.  432. 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


HIPPOLTTUS   TO   SEVERINA. 

At  a  time  when  the  elaborate  work  of  Cheva- 
lier Bunsen  is  attracting  so  much  attention,  the 
following  note  will  not  be  unacceptable. 

A  statue  of  Hippolytus  was  dug  up  in  1551 
near  Rome,  inscribed  with  a  list  of  works  by  that 
eminent  man.  Among  them  is  one  styled  an 
Histatory  (discourse)  to  Severina.  ^Respecting 
this  there  have  been  many  conjectures.  (See 
Cave,  Hist.  Lit,  p.  64.,  ed.  1720 ;  Neander,  vol.  ii. 
p.  473.  of  the  Church  History,  ed.  Clark,  &c.) 
The  remark  of  Bunsen  is,  — 

"  This  is  undoubtedly  the  letter  which  Theodoret  says 
Hippolytus  addressed  to  a  certain  princess.  This  is  not 
an  expression  for  the  empress  (Sebaste) ;  nor  is  Severina 
the  name  of  an  empress  of  his  time."  —  Hippolytus  and 
his  Age,  vol.  i.  p.  276.,  1st  ed.,  or  vol.  i.  p.  454.,  new  edition. 

The  obscurity  which  has  so  long  hung  over  this 
matter  may  now  be  removed.  Among  the  Syriac 
MSS.  in  the  British  Museum  is  one  of  perhaps  the 
seventh  century  (No.  14,532.),  containing  testi- 
monies from  the  Fathers.  At  fol.  212.  b.  is  one 
headed  as  follows : 

"  Hippolytus,  Bishop  and  Martyr,  from  a  discourse  on 
the  Resurrection,  to  Mamaja  the  queen,  for  she  was  the 
mother  of  Alexander,  who  was  at  that  time  Emperor  of 
Rome." 

From  this  it  appears  that  Severina  was  the  mother 
of  Severus,  i.  e.  Mamsea.  This  makes  the  whole 
matter  plain.  It  may  be  as  well,  however,  to 
place  the  following  statement  of  Eusebius  {Hist. 
EccL,  vi.  22.)  in  juxtaposition  with  the  other,  as 
in  a  manner  confirmatory  of  it. 

"  His  mother  Mamaea,"  says  he,  "  a  most  God-fearing 
woman,  and  amiable  in  her  carriage,  if  one  ever  was,  when 
the  fame  of  Origen  spread  far  and  wide,  and  even  came  to 
her  ears,  she  desired  to  see  and  hear  him,  and  to  try  his 
skill  in  sacred  matters.  So  she  sent  for  him  to  Antioch, 
where  she  was,  and  he  came  and  remained  there  for  a 
time  in  order  to  gratify  her  in  this  respect." 

If  she  heard  Origen,  there  is  no  reason  why  she 
should  not  also  have  heard  Hippolytus. 

I  may  observe  that  the  Syrian  MSS.  above 
alluded  to  contain  much  more  from  Hippolytus 
than  Bunsen  seems  to  be  aware  of.  B.  H.  C. 


SSdnar 

Punctuation. — It  was  observed,  in  the  Gentle- 
man! s  Magazine,  1811,  that  in  the  first  printed 
books  there  was  nothing  answering  to  our  present 
punctuation,  but  merely  arbitrary  marks  here  and 
there ;  and  that  stops  did  not  begin  to  be  used  as 
at  present  till  the  sixteenth  century.  The  writer 
farther  observed  that,  in  the  books  of  that  age, 
the  comma,  parenthesis,  note  of  interrogation,  and 
fullstop,  were  first  met  with ;  and  that  the  colon 
was  not  discovered  till  after  a  lapse  of  many  years. 


On  reading  the  above  lately,  I  turned  to  a 
curious  work  in  my  possession  in  quaint  old  Ger- 
man, being  legends  of  the  saints,  and  printed  at 
Augsburg  in  1477.  There  I  soon  lighted  upon 
the  following  sentence  in  the  Life  of  St.  Cune- 
gundes,  which  contains  three  of  our  present  stops, 
the  comma  only  being  formed  a  little  differently  : 

"  Do  sprachen  aber  die  fursten,  Seyt  sy  sich  d'  sach  nit 
verspricht  so  muss  man  es  an  ein  urteyl  lassen :  Darnach 
pat  d'  keyser  die  herren  alle  das  sy  ein  urteyl  sprechen 
was  darzii  recht  ware." 

F.  C.  HUSENBETH. 

Origin  of  Terms  "Whig"  and  "Tory."  — 
In  the  ninth  volume  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  edition 
of  Dry  den's  Works  (1821),  p.  208.,  in  a  foot-note 
to  his  address  to  the  reader  on  introducing  his 
poem  of  Absalom  and  Achitophel,  appears  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"  These  famous  expressions  of  party  distinction  were 
just  coming  into  fashion ;  Whig  being  the  contraction  of 
WTiigamore,  gave  a  name  to  those  fanatics  who  were  the 
supporters  of  the  covenant  in  that  part  of  Scotland.  It 
was  first  used  to  designate  an  insurrection  of  the  people 
in  1648,  called  the  '  Whigamores'  road.' 

"  The  Tories  owe  their  distinctive  epithet  to  the  Irish 
banditti,  who  used  the  word  toree,  or  '  give  me,'  in  robbing 
passengers.  Hence,  in  the  old  translations  of  Buchanan's 
History,  the  followers  of  Buccleugh  are  called  « Tories  of 
Teviotdale.' " 

R.  B. 

Headingley. 

American  Newspapers.  —  In  Belvidere  (New 
Jersey)  the  Belvidere  Apollo  is  published ;  in 
Toledo  (Ohio)  the  Toledo  Blade;  and  in  Wil- 
mington (Delaware)  the  Blue  Hen's  Chickens. 
The  Delaware  regiment,  during  the  revolutionary 
war,  was  called  the  "  Blue  Hen's  Chickens,"  but 
why,  no  satisfactory  account  has  been  given. 

UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

"  The  cut  of  his  jib"  —  Richardson  (s.  v.  GIB) 
says  this — 

"  Is  a  vulgar  expression  which  may  have  taken  its  rise 
from  the  proverbially  melancholy  visage  of  a  cat;  and 
applied  to  any  singularity  of  countenance." 

So  far-fetched  an  explanation  of  a  common  nau- 
tical phrase  makes  one  wish,  with  Hackluyt,  for — 
"  A  lecture  of  navigation  read  in  this  citie,  for  the  banish- 
ing of  our  former  grosse  ignorance  in  marine  causes,  and 
for  the  increase  and  generall  multiplying  of  the  sea- 
knowledge  of  this  age." 

"  The  cut  of  the  jib"  or  make  and  fashion  of 
the  foremost  sail  of  a  ship  or  other  vessel,  often 
indicates  her  character.  At  sea,  especially  in  time 
of  war,  when  every  "strange  sail"  is  anxiously 
and  closely  scanned,  the  peculiarities  of  rigging, 
length  and  proportions  of  masts  and  yards,  shape 
and°  disposition  of  sails,  are  all  carefully  noted. 
When  the  result  of  such  an  examination  is  un- 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


483 


satisfactory,  the  officer  of  the  deck  pronounces'the 
stranger  "suspicious:"  while  Jack  expresses  the 
same  idea  by  telling  his  shipmates  on  the  fore- 
castle, that  he  "  doesn't  like  the  cut  of  that  fel- 
low's jib."  On  shore  he  uses  the  phrase  with  a 
similar  meaning,  applying  it  to  the  external  pecu- 
liarities of  countenance  or  expression,  regarded  as 
indications  of  character. 

"To  hang  the  jib,"  in  the  sense  of  "to  look 
cross,"  as  noted  by  Halliwell  (s.  v.  JIB),  has, 
perhaps,  a  similar  origin.  VEBTAUR. 

Premiums  for  Babies.  —  In  the  window  of  a 
silversmith  in  this  city,  three  silver  tea-sets  are 
now  on  exhibition,  which  have  been  offered  by 
the  Agricultural  Society  of  Clarke  County,  Ohio, 
as  premiums  for  the  three  finest  babies  of  different 
ages,  born  in  the  United  States.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 


A   POLITICAL   PROPHET  —  ELIAS   HABESCI. 

There  was  published  at  Calcutta,  in  1790,  a 
remarkable  book  bearing  for  title  : 

"  The  Partition  of  the  Dominions  of  the  Pope,  pre- 
ceded by  that  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  and  by  Consi- 
derations on  Heraclius,  the  reigning  Prince  of  Georgia, 
translated  from  the  French  MS.  of  Elias  Habesci ; " 

and  dedicated,  by  permission,  to  the  Gov.-General 
Earl  Cornwallis. 

The  author,  in  a  style  of  Junius-like  severity 
and  invective,  arrives  at  the  certainty  that  the 
placid  Turk's  mission  in  Europe  being  fulfilled, 
he  will  soon  go  to  his  own  country : 

"God  was  pleased,"  said  the  Grand  Vizier  to  the 
Count  de  St.  Priest,  "  to  make  use  of  our  sabres  to  punish 
the  Christians ;  and  therefore,  when  it  shall  please  Him 
to  put  an  end  to  His  wrath  against  them,  and  to  return 
them  their  country,  we  are  ready  to  obey  His  holy  will, 
and  to  retire  to  our  own." 

The  prophet  shows  how,  step  by  step,  the  Euro- 
pean powers  have  been  despoiling  the  Porte ;  and 
predicts,  that  before  long  Russia  and  Austria  will 
make  their  final  coup  by  seizing  upon  Constan- 
tinople : 

"  But  what  will  the  other  Powers  of  Europe  say  to  all 
this  ?  Who  knows  ?  Perhaps  they  will  say  as  much  as 
they  did  when  three  of  them  shared  among  them  the 
greater  part  of  Poland  —  NOTHING  ! " 

Our  false  prophet,  who  seems  wonderfully  fa- 
miliar with  his  subject,  then  goes  on  to  show  that 
neither  France  nor  England  will  cast  their  shield 
over  the  doomed  Turk  ;  and  that  the  only  friend 
he  has  in  Europe  is  impotent  Rome  : 

"  Rome  trembles,"  says  Hebasci,  "  when  she  reflects 
that  there  is  a  power  called  Emperor  of  the  East  and 
King  of  the  Romans.  Get  rid  of  the  Turks,  and  they 
would  very  soon  be  seen  in  Italy  and  in  Rome ;  not  to 


take  the  air,  or  to  hold  the  bridle  of  the  Holy  Father's  mule, 
but  to  command  as  sovereign ! " 

Austria  and  Russia,  having  pushed  the  Turk 
out  of  Europe,  the  next  question  of  our  prophet 
is,  Who  shall  reign  in  the  vacant  capital  ? 

"  Whether,  0  politicians  and  prophets !  shall  we  give 
it  to  the  House  of  Austria  or  to  Russia  ?  Neither  the  one 
nor  the  other.  It  would  be  almost  impossible,  according 
to  the  examples  of  extended  empires,  that  Vienna  or 
Petersburg  could  reign  over  Constantinople.  She  must 
have  a  sovereign  of  her  own.  But  where  are  we  to  get 
him  ?  Neither  a  Comnene,  a  Phocas,  a  Polygnax,  nor  a 
Lascaris  should  be  placed  upon  a  Greek  throne;  they 
should  be  left  as  they  are :  one  at  Paris,  one  at  Cham- 
brey,  another  at  Turin,  another  at  Smyrna,  and  another 
at  Constantinople — all  more  or  less  unhappy.  Therefore, 
either  Russia  must  place  Prince  Constantine  there,  or 
Joseph  the  Second  will  give  her  one  from  Tuscany." 

Such  were  the  speculations  of  Elias  Habesci  in 
1790;  and  such  the  little  sympathy  he  could  foresee 
for  the  falling  Turk  in  the  day  of  his  extremity  ! 
Taking  this  vaticinator  as  an  exponent  of  the  pre- 
sumed indifference  of  England  and  France  to  the 
threatened  annihilation  of  the  Turks,  it  would  not, 
I  think,  be  foreign  to  the  objects  of  "  N.  &  Q."  to 
record  the  prophet's  reasoning  for  their  non-in- 
tervention, if  only  to  contrast  it  with  the  actual 
state  of  things  now  the  crisis  has  arrived :  when 
these  two  generous  nations,  forgetting  their  own 
ancient  feuds,  have  ranged  themselves  upon  the 
side  of  the  Sultan ;  and  are  now  spilling  their 
best  blood,  and  expending  their  treasures  with  a 
liberal  hand,  to  protect  the  feeble  Turk  from  the 
grasp  of  the  northern  wolf! 

"  Who,  therefore,"  says  Habesci,  "  can  impede  the  fall 
of  the  superb  Ottoman  ?  France  ?  England  ?  I  pretend 
not  to  enter  into  the  question,  whether  these  powers  can 
or  cannot  hinder  it ;  all  I  assert  is,  that  they  will  not. 
With  respect  to  France,  that  enlightened  minister,  the 
Count  de  St.  Priest,  after  residing  sixteen  years  at  Con- 
stantinople, proves  very  clearly  that  it  is  the  Interest  of 
France  to  abandon  the  Turks  to  their  destiny.  He  paints 
them  in  their  true  colours;  and  after  producing  such 
incontrovertible  facts  as  ought  to  render  them  detested 
and  spurned  by  all  the  nations  of  the  world,  he  concludes, 
that  France  ought  not  only  to  abandon  them,  but  to 
assist  the  other  powers  in  exterminating  them,  and  share 
the  plunder  with  them.  Therefore,  France  will  do  nothing 
for  them!" 

"England,"  continues  this  advocate  for  annihilating 
the  Mussulman,  "  is  too  much  occupied  with  great  affairs 
to  turn  her  thoughts  towards  the  Turks.  Whether  they 
do,  or  do  not  fall,  will  be  a  matter  of  indifference  to  her ; 
and  whether  the  inhabitants  be  of  this  or  that  sect,  will 
not  concern  her :  for  whoever  they  may  be,  her  commerce 
with  them  will  always  exist ; '  besides,  the  trade  she 
carries  on  with  Turkey  is  not  very  considerable." 
Let  Alma,  Balaklava,  Inkerman,  and  the  Pa- 
triotic Fund  be  the  triumphal  reply  of  England 
and  France  to  the  selfish  policy  here  indicated  by 
this  false  prophet ! 

I  shall  be  glad  of  the  assistance  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
to  unmask  this  Elias  Habesci ;  he  gives  the  fol- 
lowing interesting  account  of  himself : 

"  I  take  this  opportunity  to  inform  my  readers,  that  I 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


[No.  268. 


have  published,  in  several  languages,  seven  different 
works,  on  various  subjects,  under  the  name  of  E.  H.  —  an 
enigma  on  Sahib-el-Sicia,  which,  in  the  Arabic,  means 
friend  of  the  unfortunate :  it  is  a  title  which  I  have  ac- 
quired, and  of  which  I  am  not  a  little  vain.  In  the  year 
1782,  I  was  in  London;  and  advantageously  known  to 
the  ministry,  and  other  noblemen — one  of  whom  wished 
me  to  write  on  the  then  present  state  of  Turkey.  I  did 
so,  and  left  my  work  with  him,  little  thinking  I  should 
behold  it  in  print ;  but,  on  my  arrival  at  this  place  (Cal- 
cutta, 1790),  I  found  it  had  been  published,  and  actually 
met  with  a  copy  of  it  here." 

"  In  a  note  to  the  translator  (Mr.  Mortimer,  formerly 
British  Consul  at  Ostend),  in  the  Preface,  he  says  that  I 
informed  him  my  real  name  was  E.  H. ;  but  he,  and  all 
the  above  noblemen,  knew  my  name  was  A.  G.,  for  which 
I  substituted  the  aforesaid  enigmatical  one  upon  my  title." 

I  may  farther  observe,  that  this  "  friend  of  the 
unfortunate  "  — 

"  Published  in  Latin  at  Naples,  1775,  De  la  Comparaison 
de  la  Porte  Ottomane  avec  la  Porte  Romaine, — deffendu 
par  Rome,  et  quelque  autre  Royaumes.  Une  Petite  Bro- 
chure sur  la  Poloqne, —  en  langue  Polonaise;  deffendu 
en  plusieurs  Endroits ; " 

And  (lastly,  which  promises  to  be  the  soundest  of 
his  prophecies)  : 

"  Sur  la  N6cessit£  absolue  de  la  Cour  de  Russie  d'etre 
toujours  la  bonne  et  sincere  Amie  de  V Angleterre,  si  elle 
veut  conserver  sa  Grcmdeur  En  Lange  Russe,  a  Moscow, 
1780,  deffendu  par  le  Gouv."  Russe,  et  les  Copies  ra- 
masse'es." 

One  is  curious  to  know  something  more  of  the 
man  who  thus  seems  to  have  been  going  about 
the  world  disturbing  governments,  while  rejoicing 
in  his  acquired  name  of  the  "  Friend  of  the  Un- 
fortunate." J.  O. 

[Some  farther  particulars  of  this  singular  character 
will  be  found  in  the  following  work :  The  Present  State 
of  the  Ottoman  Empire ;  containing  a  more  accurate  and 
interesting  account  of  the  religion,  government,  military 
establishment,  manners,  customs,  and  amusements  of  the 
Turks,  than  any  yet  extant :_  including  a  particular  de- 
scription of  the  court  and  seraglio  of  the  Grand  Signer, 
and  interspersed  with  many  singular  and  entertaining 
anecdotes.  Translated  from  the  French  MS.  of  Elias 
Habesci,  many  years  resident  at  Constantinople,  in  the 
service  of  the  Grand  Signor.  London:  8vo.,  1784.  In 
the  Preface  he  gives  the  following  account  of  himself:  — 
"  To  remove  every  idea  of  presumption,  it  may  be  proper 
to  declare,  in  the  most  solemn  manner,  that  I  am  by  birth 
a  Greek :  that  I  was  carried  when  an  infant  to  Constan- 
tinople, and  was  brought  up  there  by  an  uncle,  who 
enjoyed  a  considerable  office  of  honour  and  confidence  in 
the  seraglio.  A  long  personal  attendance  upon  this  rela- 
tive, after  I  came  to  years  of  discretion,  and  my  own 
employment  as  secretary  to  a  Grand  Vizar  in  the  reign 
of  the  late  Sultan  Mustapha  III.,  gave  me  daily  oppor- 
tunities, first  in  assisting  my  uncle  in  the  discharge  of  his 
functions,  which  lay  chiefly  within  the  walls  of  the 
seraglio,  and  afterwards  in  my  own  department,  of  ac- 
quiring a  perfect  knowledge  of  many  curious  and  en- 
tertaining particulars,  which  it  is  impossible  any  traveller 
or  any  foreign  ambassador  at  the  Porte  could  obtain." 
The  translator  adds  in  a  note :  "  For  private  reasons, 
Habesci  assumed,  on  his  travels,  the  name  of  Alexander 
Ghiga,  and  by  that  appellation  was  known  to  the  few 
friends  he  had  in  London :  but  before  his  departure,  he 


gave  the  translator  his  real  name  in  writing,  which  is  in 
the  hands  of  the  publisher,  R.  Baldwin,  47.  Paternoster 
Row."  In  chap.  xxi.  Habesci,  speaking  of  the  Turkish 
policy  with  respect  to  Russia,  remarks  that,  "  in  fact,  the 
Russian  power  is  augmented  to  such  a  degree,  that  if 
none  of  the  other  principal  powers  of  Europe  interpose  to 
save  the  Ottoman  empire,  it  must  be  crushed  ...  In  a 
word,  the  Christian  powers  interested  in  the  preservation 
of  the  Ottoman  empire  in  Europe,  must  not  be  surprised, 
if  the  Porte,  yielding  to  the  circumstances  of  the  times, 
and  finding  itself  unable  to  repel  the  Russians  by  force  of 
arms,  should  negotiate  a  treaty  for  ceding  the  Ottoman 
domains  in  Europe  to  the  court  of  Petersburg,  contenting 
itself  hereafter  to  make  Prusa,  in  Asia  Minor,  its  seat  of 
government,  and  thereby  gratifying  the  most  sanguine 
wishes  of  the  ambitious  Catharine,  whose  ultimate  aim 
has  long  been  to  remove  the  seat  of  her  empire  from  the 
north  to  the  south, — from  the  icy  region  of  Petersburg  to 
the  serene  climate  of  Constantinople."] 


French  Churches.  —  In  recent  rambles  in  Pi- 
cardy  I  have  been  much  puzzled  as  to  what  age  I 
was  to  assign  to  their  churches,  the  architecture 
of  which  we  should  denominate  Early  English  in 
old  England.  ANON. 

Bristol  Lectureships.  —  A  correspondent  wishes 
to  ascertain  if  the  lectureships  left  to  three  of  the 
churches  in  Bristol  by  William  Pine,  formerly  of 
that  city,  are  still  observed ;  and  if  so,  after  what 
services  ?  If  not,  what  course  should  be  adopted 
to  cause  their  restoration  ?  The  names  of  the 
churches  are  believed  to  be  St.  James,  St.  Philip, 
and  Christ  Church.  J,  W.  J. 

Baptismal  Query.  —  A  man  was  baptized  under 
the  name  of  Henry  Redcliff  Smith.  Now  Redcliff 
is  the  mother's  family  name,  and  was  formerly 
written  "  De  Redclyffe."  Could  the  form  of  De 
Redclyffe  be  resumed  ?  B. 

Hull. 

Rev.  Thomas  Stackhouse.  —  Whose  son  was  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Stackhouse,  M.A.,  author  of  a  Greek 
Grammar,  an  Atlas  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Geo- 
graphy, and  other  works  ?  He  died  1785. 

ANOX. 

Pronunciation  of  "  Two."  —  In  Dryden's  cele- 
brated verses  written  under  Milton's  picture,  we 
find  the  following  rhyme  : 

"  The  force  of  Nature  could  no  further  go, 
To  make  a  third  she  join'd  the  other  two." 

Query,  Did  the  correct  pronunciation  of  two  in 
Dryden's  time  rhyme  with  go  ?  In  many  parts  of 
Lancashire  the  common  people  are  still  in  the 
habit  of  pronouncing  who  as  if  written  woe. 

T.  T.  W. 

The  "  Dublin  Letter." — Can  any  one  who  has 
directed  his  attention  to  the  numerous  publica- 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


485 


tions  on  the  Romish  controversy  in  the  reign  of 
James  II.  give  me  any  information  respecting  the 
pamphlet  referred  to  in  the  following  title  of  an 
anonymous  tract,  generally  believed  to'be  written 
by  the  Kev.  John  Patrick,  preacher  at  the  Charter- 
house : 

"  Transubstantiation  no  Doctrine  of  the  Primitive 
Fathers  :  being  a  Defence  of  the  Dublin  Letter  herein, 
against  the  Papist  Misrepresented  and  Represented, 
Part  II.  cap.  3. :  Lond.  1687." 

By  comparing  this  tract  with  that  to  which  it 
is  a  reply,  it  appears  evident  that  the  Dublin 
Letter  is  identical  with  a  pamphlet  referred  to 
in  the  Papist  Misrepresented  and  Represented, 
under  the  title  of  The  Papist  Doctrine  of  Tran- 
substantiation not  agreeable  to  the  Primitive  Fathers ; 
but  I  have  never  seen  the  pamphlet  itself,  nor  can 
I  find  it  under  either  title  in  any  of  the  various 
lists  of  the  pamphlets  on  the  subject  of  the  con- 
troversy to  which  it  relates.  Archbishop  Wake, 
in  his  Continuation  of  the  present  State  of  the  Con- 
troversy, p.  22.,  refers  to  "the  author  of  the 
Dublin  Letter"  as  the  reviver  of  the  controversy 
on  Transubstantiation  ;  but  he  does  not  give  the 
title  of  the  pamphlet,  nor  afford  any  clue  to  the 
reason  why  it  came  to  be  called  the  Dublin 
Letter.  'A.\tsvs. 

Dublin. 

P.  Abelard.  — In  A  Sketch  of  the  Rise  and  Pro- 
gress of  Christianity,  by  K.  W.  Mackay,  M.A., 
London,  1854,  is  the  following  anecdote  : 

"  It  is  related,  that  the  prelates  assembled  at  the  Council 
of  Sens,  which  condemned  Abelard,  went  to  sleep,  one 
and  all,  over  their  cups  after  dinner,  during  the  reading 
of  the  ofi'ensive  volume.  Upon  the  occurrence  of  an  ob- 
jectionable passage,  the  reader  interrogated  the  somnolent 
judges  '  Damnatis?  '  to  which  a  drowsy  voice  answered, 
'  Damnamus : '  and  the  remainder,  aroused  by  the  noise, 
responded  in  half  articulate  but  appropriate  chorus, 
'  namus,'  i.  e.  '  we  swim '  (in  debauchery) ;  and  thus, 
the  man  who  night  and  day  exercised  himself  in  the  law 
of  the  Lord,  was  condemned  by  the  satellites  of  Bacchus?  " 

The  author  is  not  generally  sparing  of  refer- 
ences, but  he  gives  none  for  this  story.  When 
such  is  thought  of  sufficient  importance  to  be 
inserted  in  a  grave  theological  and  philosophical 
work,  we  ought  to  know  by  whom,  and  when  it 
was  said.  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  ? 

H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

Seals,  Books  relating  to. — As  I  am  collecting 
impressions  of  seals,  I  should  like  to  know  of  any 
work  relating  exclusively  to  and  containing  en- 
gravings of  seals ;  also,  whether  there  is  any  work 
which  contains  engravings  of  the  common  seals  of 
the  London  City  Livery  Companies. 

ADRIAN  ADNINAN. 

Flemings  in  England.  —  M.  D.  is  desirous  to 
know  at  what  periods  the  Flemings  have  come 


over  to  England  ?  in  what  county  they  located 
themselves  ?  and  would  be  thankful  to  be  informed 
of  a  few  Flemish  surnames ;  and  whether  the  fol- 
lowing names  may  be  considered  to  have  such  an 
origin :  Savile,  Bosvile,  Nevile,  Longvilliers,  Beau- 
mont, St.  Quentin,  Kearrsford,  Kerresford,  and 
some  others  terminating  in  hurst  or  hyrst,  which 
probably  is  Flemish  rather  than  Saxon  or  Danish  ? 
Lincoln. 

James  II. 's  Writings.  —  In  rather  an  interest- 
ing book,  entitled  — 

"  The  Memoirs  of  King  James  II.,  containing  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Transactions  of  the  Last  Twelve  Years  of 
his  Life,  with  the  Circumstances  of  his  Death  (translated 
from  the  French  Original).  Printed  by  D.  Edwards, 
and  sold  by  the  Booksellers  of  London  and  Westminster, 
1702,  price  Is.,  pp.  83, 18mo." 

it  is  stated  at  p.  80. : 

"  We  (the  Sisters  of  the  Community  of  the  Visitation  of 
St.  Mary,  praised  be  God,  from  our  Monastery  of  Chaillot, 
the  1st  of  July,  1702)  cannot  end  this  letter  without 
giving  your  charities  hopes  that  in  time  you  shall  see  many 
writings  of  devotion  by  the  late  King,  which  the  Queen 
has  collected  and  made  search  for  in  several  places,  and 
given  orders  to  have  them  translated  into  our  language. 
Her  Majesty  has  done  us  the  honour  to  let  us  see  some  of 
them,  and  we  assure  you  that  the  reading  of  them  re- 
animated the  spirit  of  fervour  and  devotion  in  our  com- 
munity. We  compare  them  to  the  works  of  saints  for 
the  unction  they  are  full  of." 

Query,  Were  the  "  writings "  referred  to  above 
ever  published  ?  and  if  so,  under  what  title,  &c.  ? 

G.  N. 

Tatties. — To  what  extent  are  these  used  now  ? 
They  are  still  to  be  seen  in  use  in  the  bakers' 
shops  at  Boulogne.  I  remember  them  in  ordi- 
nary use  by  the  bakers  at  Stroud,  in  Gloucester- 
shire. In  Cornwall  I  have  often  seen  a  complainant, 
in  an  application  for  wages,  produce  his  account 
on  a  notched  stick  ;  or,  as  it  is  there  always  called, 
a  "  wand."  S.  R.  P. 

Sir  Edward  Grymes,  Baronet.  —  Can  any  of  the 
numerous  correspondents  of  "N.  &  Q."  inform 
me  to  what  family  this  gentleman  belonged  ?  He 
was  appointed  surgeon  to  the  51st  regiment,  on 
August  16, 1770,  and  that  corps  having  been  sent  to 
Minorca,  in  1771,  Sir  Edward  Grymes  was  trans- 
ferred from  it  to  the  local  medical  staff,  as  sur- 
geon's mate  at  Fort  St.  Philip,  Minorca,  Dec.  10, 
1776.  He  must  have  had  strong  reasons  for 
seeking  this  appointment,  as  the  emolument  de- 
rivable therefrom  only  amounted  to  63Z.  17s.  6d. 
per  annum;  while  the  pay  of  a  regimental  surgeon 
was  then  about  five  shillings  a  day,  or  9H.  5s.  per 
annum.  The  island  of  Minorca  having  fallen  into 
the  hands  of  the  Spaniards,  February  5,  1782,  Sir 
Edward  Grymes's  connexion  with  the  island 
ceased;  and  I  have  been  unable  to  trace  him  from 
that  date,  as  his  name  is  omitted  in  the  Army  List 


486 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


for  1783,  and  no  records  of  the  services  of  medical 
officers  were  commenced  at  the  Army  and  Ord- 
nance Medical  Department,  Horse  Guards,  until 
the  year  1803. 

I  have  searched  every  Baronetage  that  I  could 
find  for  the  name  of  this  officer;  also  Burke's 
History  of  the  Landed  Gentry,  for  any  mention, 
however  casual,  of  himself  or  his  family.  I  looked 
into  Burke's  Extinct  and  Dormant  Baronetage, 
but  was  unable  to  find  the  name  amongst  the  ex- 
tinct Baronetcies  of  England  (p.  230.),  of  Ireland 
(p.  607.),  or  of  Scotland  (p.  624.).  I  am  inclined 
to  think  that  he  was  only  a  knight,  not  a  baronet ; 
but  if  he  were  really  a  baronet,  he  is  remarkable 
as  being  the  only  baronet  who  ever  served  as  a 
medical  officer  in  the  British  army  at  the  period 
when  Sir  Edward  belonged  to  the  army. 

G.  L.  S. 

"Nominal."  —  The  official  lists  of  the  killed 
and  wounded  in  the  Crimea  are  headed  "  Nominal 
Returns."  A  friend  asked  me,  the  other  day,  the 
meaning  of  the  word  "  Nominal "  as  there  used. 
His  opinion  was,  that  it  was  employed  as  opposed 
to  "real; "  and  I  think  it  was  intended  to  denote 
that  the  lists  were  not  actually  complete,  but  only 
"  nominally "  so,  or,  if  I  may  use  such  a  word, 
"  approximative."  I  gave  it  as  my  opinion  that 
the  word  is  there  used  in  its  primary  sense,  as 
derived  from  nomen,  and  that  a  "  nominal "  list 
merely  means  a  list  of  names.  Is  either  of  these 
views  correct  ?  If  not,  what  is  the  true  explana- 
tion of  the  phrase  "  nominal  returns  ? "  The 
word  is  evidently  employed  in  an  unusual  sense ; 
and  I  shall  be  glad  to  know  upon  what  authority. 

H.  MAKTIN. 

Halifax. 

Prophecies  of  Nostradamus,  Marino,  and  Joa- 
chim. —  In  An  Examination  of  the  Pretended 
Prophets,  Lond.  1712,  p.  47.,  it  is  said,  — 

"  Marino,  citing  Joachim  and  Nostradamus,  says  that 
'  When  a  miller's  ass  shall  speak  with  a  human  voice, 
soon  cometh  Antichrist  and  the  end  of  the  world.'  " 

I  cannot  find  this  in  Nostradamus ;  but  as  editions 
differ,  it  may  not  be  in  mine.  Of  Joachim  and 
Marino  I  know  nothing.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
refer  me  to  their  works  ?  E.  L. 

"  Demoralised"  —  Is  the  word  demoralised, 
which  we  are  now  so  often  hearing  applied  by 
"  our  own  correspondents  "  to  the  Russian  army, 
in  the  sense,  I  presume,  of  "  disorganised "  and 
"disheartened,"  a  word  (in  that  sense)  of  any 
standing  in  the  English  language  ?  or  do  we  owe 
it  to  our  present  alliance  ?  If  so,  it  may  be  well 
to  have  the  baby  registered  before  it  gets  any  older. 

C.  W.  B. 


Thomas  a  Becket.  —  In  Giles's  Life  of  Arch- 
bishop Becket,  it  is  said,  sub  anno  1164,  that  — 

"  Randolph  de  Bruc  was  commissioned  by  the  king  to 
take  the  Church  of  Canterbury  into  his  custody,  and  to 
execute  the  king's  harsh  sentence  against  the  archbishop's 
partizans.  All  his  relations,  in  whatever  degree,  and  of 
both  sexes,  were  summoned  to  Lambeth,  where  they  were 
sentenced  to  be  transported  across  the  sea,  and  made  to 
swear  immediately  after  landing  they  would  present  them- 
selves before  the  archbishop  wherever  he  might  be." 

In  a  subsequent  place,  sub  anno  1166,  the  arch- 
bishop, in  a  letter  to  the  clergy  of  England,  says . 

"  He  was  not,  indeed,  sprung  from  royal  ancestors,  but 
would  rather  be  the  man  to  -whom  nobility  of  mind  gives 
the  advantages  of  birth,  than  one  in  whom  a  noble  an- 
cestry degenerated.  He  was  perhaps  born  beneath  a 
humble  roof,  as  before  he  entered  into  God's  service  his 
way  of  life  was  sufficiently  easy,  sufficiently  honourable, 
even  as  that  of  the  best  among  his  neighbours  and  ac- 
quaintances whosoever  they  might  be." 

Can  you  refer  to  any  account  of  Archbishop 
Becket's  family  ?  What  relations  had  he  ?  And 
is  there  any  account  of  the  relations  of  either  sex 
summoned  to  Lambeth,  and  transported  as  stated  ? 
Giles  says  his  father -was  Gilbert  Becket,  Sheriff 
of  London,  and  that  his  mother's  name  was  Ma- 
tilda. Little,  however,  seems  known  of  his  family. 

[Mary,  the  sister  of  Thomas  a  Becket,  was  appointed 
Abbess  of  Barking  Monastery  in  1173 ;  "  Maria  soror 
sancti  Thomas  martyris,  mandato  regis  patris,  et  contein- 
platione  fratris,  facta  est  Berchingensis." — Rad.  de  Diceto, 
col.  570.  in  Script.  X.,  Twysden.  The  "  Chronicon  Ger- 
vasii,"  ibid.  col.  1424,  sub  an.  1173,  says,  "  Rexinstinctu 
Odonis  prioris  [Cant.]  dedit  abbatiam  Berkingensem 
Mariae  sorori  sancti  Thomas  Cantuariensis  martyris." 
Compare  also  Stowe,  Ann.,  p.  153.,  and  Lysons'  Environs, 
vol.  iv.  p.  65.  But  it  would  seem  from  Roger  of  Wend- 
over,  anno  1169,  that  he  had  other  relatives.  He  says, 
"  Who  shall  declare  the  sufferings  and  mental  agonies  of 
the  man  of  God,  whose  father  and  mother  [  ?J,  brothers 
and  sisters,  nephews  and  nieces,  clerks  and  ministers,  had 
been  driven  into  exile  on  his  account."  The  best  com- 
piled^life  of  Thomas  a  Becket  appeared  in  an  ecclesiastical 
journal  called  The  Surplice,  1846 ;  and  if  this  Query 
should  meet  the  eye  of  the  writer  of  those  able  articles, 
he  would  be  able  no  doubt  to  furnish  some  farther  par- 
ticulars of  the  family.] 

Mrs.  Hofland.  —  Where  can  a  good  biography 
be  found  of  this  lady,  the  authoress  of  many  ex- 
cellent stories  for  children  ?  Many  of  her  works, 
such  as  The  Son  of  a  Genius,  The  Clergyman's 
Widow,  and  The  Merchant's  Widow,  popular  in 
the  United  States  thirty- five  years  ago,  have  been 
lately  republished  for  the  benefit  of  the  present 
generation  of  children.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

[Mr.  Thomas  Ramsay  has  published  The  Life  and 
Literary  Remains  of  Barbara  Hofland,  London,  12mo., 
1849.  There  is  also  a  biographical  sketch  of  this  lady  in 
the  Gentleman's  Mag.  for  January,  1845,  p.  99.] 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


487 


Philip  Miller.  —  Can  you  or  any  reader  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  give  me  information  as  to  the  pa- 
rentage and  country  of  this  celebrated  gardener  ? 
Parkinson,  in  his  Paradisus  Londoniensis,  pub- 
lished in  1629,  amongst  the  nurserymen  of  that 
day,  mentions  his  very  good  friend  Master  John 
Miller.  Was  this  John  Miller  connected  with 
Philip,  and  how  ?  Philip  Miller  is  stated  by  some 
biographers  to  have  succeeded  his  father  at  the 
Physic  Gardens  at  Chelsea.  C.  M.  L. 

[Mr.  Rogers,  in  his  Memoirs  of  Philip  Miller,  at  the 
end  of  The  Vegetable  Cultivator,  p.  335.,  remarks :  "  Va- 
rious are  the  conjectures  as  to  the  spot  where  Philip 
Miller  was  born,  and  whence  his  family  came,  but  nothing 
certain  can  be  ascertained  respecting  them.  His  father, 
who  was  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  after  having  lived  for 
some  time  as  gardener  at  Bromley  in  Kent,  commenced 
business  on  his  own  account  as  a  market  gardener  near 
Deptford."  This  agrees  with  a  notice  of  Philip  Miller 
furnished  by  a  correspondent  of  the  Gentleman's  Mag., 
vol.  liii.  p.  322.,  who  says :  "  I  was  much  acquainted  with 
him  for  twenty  years,  and  never  discovered  in  him  either 
the  dialect  or  any  peculiarity  of  a  Scotchman.  His  father 
was  a  gardener  near  London  before  him ;  and  I  always 
understood  that  Mr.  Philip  Miller  was  born  near  the 
capital."  The  records  of  the  Society  of  Apothecaries  are 
silent  upon  the  subject  of  his  having  succeeded  his  father 
as  gardener  of  the  Botanic  Garden.] 

Spanish  Songs.  —  Where  are  the  translations  of 
two  Spanish  songs  to  be  found,  the  one  commenc- 
ing,— 

She  stood  with  an  ivory  comb,  and  told 
Awakening  Phoebus'  locks  of  gold." 

and  the  other,  — 

"  To  her  sister  Minguella  then  spoke  Juanilla, 
But  the  words  that  she  said  brought  no  peace  to  her 
pillow  ?  " 

UNEDA. 
Philadelphia. 

[The  latter  song,  entitled  "  Minguella's  Chiding,"  from 
the  Romancero  General  of  1604,  will  be  found  in  Lock- 
hart's  Ancient  Spanish  Ballads,  edit.  1823,  p.  188.] 

A  Scotch  Song.  —  The  Abbe  Morellet,  in  his 
Memoirs,  says, — 

"  Franklin  was  very  fond  of  Scotch  songs ;  he  recol- 
lected, he  said,  the  strong  and  agreeable  impressions 
which  they  had  made  on  him.  He  related  to  us  that, 
while  travelling  in  America,  he  found  himself  beyond  the 
Alleghany  Mountains,  in  the  house  of  a  Scotchman,  living 
remote  from  society,  after  the  loss  of  his  fortune,  with  his 
wife,  who  had  been  handsome,  and  their  daughter,  fifteen 
or  sixteen  years  of  age ;  and  that  on  a  beautiful  evening, 
sitting  before  their  door,  the  Avife  had  sung  the  Scotch 
air, '  So  merry  as  we  have  been,'  in  so  sweet  and  touching 
a  way  that  he  burst  into  tears,  and  that  the  recollection 
of  this  impression  was  still  quite  vivid,  after  more  than 
thirt}'  years." 

Where  are  the  words  and  music  of  this  song  to 
be  found  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

[The  words  and  music  of  the  song,  "Sae  merry  as  we 
twa  hae  been,"  will  be  found  in  Johnson's  Scots  Musical 
Museum,  vol.  i.  p.  60.] 


"  The  Elements  of  Morality"  —  What  is  known 
of  the  author  of  this  book,  translated  from  the 
German  by  Mary  Wollstonecraft,  but,  as  she  ad- 
mits, considerably  altered  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

[A  long  biographical  notice  of  the  author,  Chretien 
Gotthilf  Salzmann,  will  be  found  in  the  Biographic  Uni- 
verselle,  s.  v.  The  translation  of  this  work  produced  a 
correspondence  between  Mary  Wollstonecraft  and  the 
author ;  and  he  afterwards  repaid  the  obligation  to  her  in 
kind,  by  a  German  translation  of  the  Rights  of  Woman."] 

"  Officia  Propria  Sanctorum  Hibernice" — Can 
you  give  me  any  information  respecting  a  12mo. 
volume,  pp.  127,  printed  in  Dublin  in  1751,  and 
entitled  Officia  Propria  Sanctorum  Hibernice,  &c., 
Procurante  A.  K.  P.  Thoma  de  Burgo,  Dubliniensi, 
Ordinis  Praedicatorum,  S.  Theologize  Magistro,  et 
Protonotario  Apostolico  ?  The  book  has  been 
sold,  I  believe,  in  times  past  at  a  very  high  price ; 
but  why  ?  ABHBA. 

[We  have  before  us  a  copy  of  this  work  from  the  library 
of  Richard  Heber,  sold  in  1834 ;  and  on  turning  to  the 
catalogue  of  his  sale  we  find  it  was  knocked  down  for  4s. 
But  on  the  fly-leaf  of  this  copy  there  is  written  in  ink, 
"  8/.,  Bradish,"  and  underneath,  in  pencil,  4J.  4s.  It  is 
difficult  to  account  for  the  difference  in  these  prices.] 

" Now-a-days"  —  Is  this  awkward  phrase  any- 
thing else  than  the  expression  "in  our  days," 
pronounced  quickly  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

[See  Richardson's  Dictionary,  and  the  examples. 
"  Now-a-days ;  i.  e.  on,  or  in  days,  now — in  these  days."] 


HOLT-LOAF  MONET. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  150.  256.  568.  ;rVol.  x.,  pp.  36.  133. 
215.  250.) 

Holy-loaf  money  has  had  bestowed  upon  it 
more  than  one  learned  notice  in  some  of  the  latter 
Numbers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  until  now  I  have  been 
hindered  from  answering  the  call  made  upon  me 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  133.)  by  ME.  COLLIS  about  that  ritual 
observance. 

Should  MR.  COLLIS  be  pleased  to  look  into  a 
work  of  mine  lately  published,  —  The  Church  of 
our  Fathers  (t.  i.  p.  135.), — he  will  find  some 
illustrations,  which  perhaps  may  interest  him,  of 
this  liturgical  practice  as  followed  here  in  England, 
all  through  the  Anglo-Saxon  period,  and  till  the 
last  hour  that  the  Sarum  Use  remained  in  force. 

The  "Holy-loaf"  and  "  Holy-loaf  money"  are, 
in  truth,  two  things  quite  distinct :  the  first  was 
the  bread  itself ;  the  other,  the  piece  of  money, 
usually  stuck  into  a  wax-taper,  and  thus  carried 
up  along  with  the  loaves  and  offered  together  with 
them  to  the  priest,  every  Sunday  in  the  parish 
church. 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  268. 


The  liturgical  symbolism  of  such  a  rite  was 
meant  to  teach  that  all  true  Christians  ought  to 
be,  in  a  ghostly  sense,  "  one  bread,"  by  holding  a 
oneness  of  belief,  and  living  in  brotherly  love  with 
one  another :  the  taper  was  an  emblem  of  the  light 
of  the  Gospel,  and  the  money  an  offering  of  the 
people  to  the  Church,  to  say  that  "  they  that  serve 
the  altar,  partake  with  the  altar." 

The  origin  of  the  Holy-loaf  is  very  early :  in 
the  first  ages  of  the  Church  there  was  a  two-fold 
offering ;  at  the  first,  which  was  in  all  likelihood 
made  at  the  beginning  of  the  day's  service,  not 
merely  full  communicants,  but  public  penitents  in 
the  last  stage  of  their  penance,  and  also  catechu- 
mens, might  bring  their  gifts  of  bread,  &c.  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  clergy  and  relief  of  the  poor ; 
at  the  second,  which  took  place  at  that  part  of  the 
liturgy  still  called  from  that  ancient  rite  the 
"  offertorium,"  such  only  as  were  in  fullest  com- 
munion with  the  Church  might  go  to  the  altar  with 
this  their  second  offering,  which  consisted  of  bread 
and  a  small  cruise  of  wine.  (See  The  Church  of 
our  Fathers^  i.  i.  p.  141.)  Of  the  bread  brought 
up  at  the  first  or  general  offering  made  by  all 
without  distinction,  some  was  blessed  and  given  as 
a  type  of  the  Eucharist  to  those  non-communicants 
above  mentioned. 

When  it  ceased  to  be  the  discipline  for  all  the 
people  to  receive  the  Holy  Communion  at  the 
mass,  which  they  were  however  bound  to  hear  on 
the  Sunday,  the  Church,  while  she  kept  up  the  use 
of  the  Holy-loaf,  widened  its  application  by  dis- 
tributing it  to  all  the  faithful,  for  the  sake  of  that 
teaching  embodied  in  its  beautiful  symbolism 
which  we  noticed  before. 

Individuals,  too,  would  sometimes  carry  to 
church  a  goodly  parcel  of  bread,  one  part  for  the 
support  of  the  clergy,  another  to  be  bestowed  as 
an  alms  upon  the  poor  (Hincm.  cap.  prim.  c.  16.). 
Because,  then,  before  distribution,  this  bread  for 
the  needy  had  a  blessing  spoken  over  it  by  the 
Church's  ritual ;  and  as  a  dole  became  a  blessing  to 
the  recipient,  and  as  God's  blessing  and  the  poor 
man's  prayers  were  both  asked  for,  in  the  gift,  by 
the  giver,  on  himself  and  his,  fitly  did  the  bread 
itself  come  to  be  called  "  eulogia,"  or  a  blessing. 

It  is  an  oversight  to  say,  as  is  said  (Vol.  ix,, 
p.  150.),  that  Ducange,  v.  PANIS  BENEDICTUS,  men- 
tions that  "  money  was  given  by  the  recipients  of 
it."  J.  H.  B.,  too  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  256.),  is  under  a 
mistake  when  he  tells  us  that  "at  some  time 
before  the  date  of  present  rubrics,  it  was  the 
custom  for  every  house  in  the  parish  to  provide  in 
rotation  bread  (and  wine)  for  the  Holy  Commu- 
nion." What  the  parishioners  had  to  find  for  the 
celebration  of  mass  was  the  wax-lights.  (Wilkins, 
Condi,  i.  714.)  In  the  first  book  of  Edward  VI., 
it  was  ordered  that  in  recompense  of  such  costs 
and  charges  (for  bread  and  wine)  the  parishioners 
of  every  parish  shall  offer  every  Sunday,  at  the 


time  of  the  offertory,  the  just  value  and  price  of 
the  Holy-loaf  (with  all  such  money  and  other 
things  as  were  wont  to  be  offered  with  the  same) 
to  the  use  of  their  pastors,  &c.  (ed.  Cardwell, 
p.  314.)  While  this  enactment  acknowledges  the 
antiquity  and  claims  the  old  due  of  the  Holy-loaf, 
it  changes  the  mode  of  its  discharge  by  requiring 
its  value  in  money  to  be  given  to  the  pastors  and 
curates,  for  the  bread  and  wine  found  by  them  for 
their  parishioners'  communion :  it  becomes,  in 
fact,  the  very  first  ordinance  for  gathering  money 
to  pay  for  such  bread  and  wine. 

F.  C.  H.  believes  (Vol.  x.,  p.  36.)  "  The  custom 
of  distributing  the  pain  beni,  or  blessed  bread, 
is  retained  in  France  only.  It  is  the  sole  rem- 
nant of  the  oblations  of  the  faithful."  In  both 
observations,  that  learned  and  valuable  corre- 
spondent of  "N.  &  Q."  is  incorrect.  It  is  en- 
joined by  all  the  liturgies  of  the  Eastern  Church. 
While  travelling  through  Greece,  I  everywhere 
witnessed  its  use,  and  during  my  stay  at  Rome  the 
winter  before  last,  I  received,  as  I  had  often  done 
many  years  ago  when  a  student  in  the  English 
college  there,  some  of  the  blessed  bread  given  to 
all  who  like  to  take  it,  after  mass  according  to  the 
Greek  rite,  at  the  church  of  the  Greeks,  and  like- 
wise after  the  mass  of  the  Armenian  ritual.  In 
Greece,  as  in  France,  the  Holy-loaf  is  cut  up  into 
small  pieces  for  distribution  ;  and  so  I  have  seen 
it  at  Rome  among  the  united  Greeks ;  but  the 
bread  I  received  there  on  the  Epiphany  in  1853, 
from  the  hands  of  the  Greek  bishop  who  had  sung 
the  mass,  is  a  very  small  uncut  roll  of  common 
bread ;  while  that  distributed,  a  few  days  after- 
wards, at  the  Armenian  mass  by  the  deacon  when 
the  service  was  over,  is  a  very  thin  oblong  wafer 
of  unleavened  bread  stamped  with  a  lamb  lying  on 
a  seven- sealed  book.  How,  for  some  high  festi- 
vals, the  Holy -loaf  is  still  made  in  parts  of  France, 
measuring  several  feet  round,  tastely  adorned,  and 
solemnly  -borne  to  church,  strewed  with  flowers, 
and  overshadowed  by  a  bough  springing  out  of 
its  tall  centre,  may  be  seen  in  a  wood-cut  of  the 
"procession  du  loup-verd,"  given  at  p.  18.  of  poor 
Langlois's  Essai  sur  les  Enerves  de  Jumieges. 

So  far  is  the  Holy-loaf  from  being  "  the  sole 
remnant  of  the  oblations  of  the  faithful,"  that  there 
even  yet  exist  on  the  Continent  several  others.  ^  A 
large  wax  taper  is  always  brought  as  an  offering 
in  Spain  and  Italy,  at  baptisms,  and  at  the  church- 
ing of  women.  In  some  cathedrals,  for  instance, 
in  the  south  of  Spain,  as  I  remember  seeing  when 
there  in  1837,  all  the  chapter  make  an  offering  of 
a  certain  sum  at  offertory  time,  to  the  celebrant 
on  the  greater  festivals.  Money  offerings  are  left 
near  the  cross  by  those  who  go  to  kiss  it  on  Good 
Friday.  Eggs  are  given  in  Italy  to  the  parish 
priest,  who  goes  round  his  parish  on  Holy  Satur- 
day to  bless  the  houses  and  the  food  for  the  Easter 
Sunday's  meal  of  his  parishioners.  If  I  be  not 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


mistaken,  our  own  beloved  Queen  keeps  up  some 
of  the  old  liturgical  offerings  which  her  predeces- 
sors, from  the  most  remote  period,  were  wont  to 
make,  as  she  presents  at  the  chapel  royal  her  offer- 
ings of  gold  on  the  Epiphany  or  Kingtide,  and 
makes  her  maundy  there  during  Holy  Week,  by 
distributing  money  and  clothing  to  poor  men  and 
women.  At  her  coronation,  too,  her  offering  of  a 
mark  of  gold  was  represented  by  no  trifling  sum  of 
money. 

In  that  highly  interesting  notice  on  "  Holy- 
bread,"  with  which  MR.  DENTON  has  enriched  the 
pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  he  says  (Vol.  x.,  p.  250.), 
"  Although  wanting  in  the  Pontificate  Romanum — 
it  (benedictio  panis)  would  seem  to  have  been  a 
rite  observed  in  England,  since,  in  the  Missale 
parvum  pro  sacerdotibus  in  Anglia,  Scotia  et  Iber- 
nia  itinerantibus  (1626),  one  of  the  forms  of  the 
French  books  is  inserted,"  &c.  If,  instead  of  the 
Pontificate,  MR.  DENTON  had  looked  into  the 
Rituale  Romanum,  or  among  the  "  Benedictiones  " 
at  the  end  of  any  edition,  either  ancient  or  modern, 
of  the  Missale  Romanum,  he  would  have  found 
always  one,  and  often  both  forms  for  the  blessing 
of  the  Holy-loaf:  the  Pontificale,  having  in  it  those 
services  which  a  bishop  only  may  celebrate,  does 
not  give  this  blessing,  which  any  priest  may  utter. 
MR.  DENTON  moreover  seems  to  think  that  the 
French  have  a  form  of  their  own  for  the  "  Bene- 
dictio panis,"  and  that  the  form  set  forth  in  the 
above  notices,  Missale  parvum  pro  sacerdotibus  in 
Anglia,  ffc.,  is  borrowed  from  the  French  church- 
books.  This,  however,  is  not  so,  as  I  see  the  old 
Roman  form  in  that  Missale  parvum  now  lying 
open  before  me,  at  p.  252.  The  Roman  is  the 
original  form  of  prayer,  and  is  embodied  into  the 
ritual  of  every  individual  church  throughout  Latin 
Christendom.  It  is  to  be  seen  in  all  our  own  old 
English  service-books ;  in  all  the  German  and 
French  rituals  ;  it  is  to  be  read  at  the  end  of  the 
Missale  Mozarabes,  edited  by  Lesley;  it  was  em- 
ployed in  Scotland,  as  we  learn  from  the  Aberdeen 
Breviary ;  and  this  same  form  given  in  the  Mis- 
sale  parvum  is  a  continuation  of  the  same  form  to 
be  found  in  all  our  Sarum  missals  and  manuals, 
and  that  had  been  employed  so  many  hundred 
years  in  this  country. 

Let  me  here  put  in  as  a  Note  that  the  reprint 
of  the  Breviarium  Aberdonense,  just  brought  out 
by  Mr.  Toovey,  is  by  far  the  most  splendid  repro- 
duction of  any  black-letter  service-book  ever  ac- 
complished in  this  or  any  other  land,  and  sheds 
equal  lustre  on  the  press  of  this  country  and  on 
the  undertakers  of  such  a  valuable  liturgical  work. 

"D.  ROCK. 

Xewick,  Sussex. 


OSSIAN  S   POEMS. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  224.) 

Without  any  wish  to  revive  a  controversy  which 
seems  to  have  been  set  at  rest  by  the  opinion,  now 
generally  prevailing,  that  the  Poems  of  Ossian  are 
not  authentic,  I  should  like,  with  your  permission, 
to  offer  one  or  two  remarks  in  reply  to  MR.  WEST. 

No  rational  mind  can  believe  in  the  authen- 
ticity of  a  literary  work,  without  sufficient  proof 
of  its  existence.  Now,  what  evidence  have  we  to 
show  that  the  "  originals  "  of  the  poems  published 
by  Macpherson  are,  or  have  ever  been,  in  exist- 
ence ?  Nothing,  so  far  as  can  be  discovered,  but 
that  writer's  bare  assertion.  He  was  repeatedly 
challenged  to  produce  the  "  originals,"  and  neither 
he,  nor  any  one  on  his  behalf,  has  ever  exhibited 
a  single  complete  poem  by  Ossian.  Would  MR. 
WEST  believe  in  the  existence  of  the  Iliad  or  the 
JEneid,  upon  the  testimony  of  Pope  or  Dryden, 
and  with  nothing  to  support  their  assertions  but 
their  translations  of  Homer  and  Virgil  ? 

As  to  "  oral  tradition,"  that  too,  though  long 
relied  on,  had  to  be  given  up  like  everything  else. 
A  country  whose  inhabitants  have  memories  long 
enough  to  transmit  from  age  to  age  an  epic  poem 
in  six  books,  is  a  country  which  has  not  yet  been 
discovered.  True,  this  reduces  us  to  the  belief 
that  Macpherson,  by  the  mere  force  of  his  genius, 
and  with  the  aid  of  a  few  fragments  of  old  songs, 
has  written  down  a  poet  of  the  third  century. 
But  that  is  not  more  difficult  to  believe  than 
other  similar  feats ;  and  the  age  which  produced 
the  still  more  startling  forgeries  of  Chatterton, 
and  the  Marquis  de  Surville,  might  well  have 
given  birth  to  those  of  Macpherson. 

The  "beauty"  of  the  Poems  of  Ossian  is  a  point 
on  which  a  change  has  come  over  the  general 
opinion.  Napoleon,  it  is  said,  made  them  his  con- 
stant study  and  delight ;  and,  until  the  beginning 
of  the  present  centuiy,  they  shared  with  Young's 
Night  Thoughts  the  admiration  and  applause  of 
the  French.  But  since  that  period  the  public 
taste,  in  England  at  least,  has  taken  another  di- 
rection ;  and  at  the  present  day  the  Poems  of 
Ossian,  in  spite  of  some  beautiful  images  and  a 
striking  passage  here  and  there,  are  deemed  by 
the  majority  of  critics  to  be  little  better  than  a 
series  of  nursery  tales.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 


LONGEVITY. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  149.) 

Yoij  may  add  to  the  instances  of  longevity 
which  have  already  appeared  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  the 
following,  which  is  wonderful  if  true.  It  is  ex- 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


tr acted  from  Moore's  Rural  New  Yorker,  Aug.  12, 
1854: 

"  Easter,  a  negro  -woman,  the  property  of  Mrs.  Eliza  F. 
Carter,  near  Upperville,  in  Fauqnier  County,  died  on  the 
16th  of  July,  having  attained  the  age  of  one  hundred  and 
forty  years."  This  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  cases  of 
longevity  on  record." 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 


In  Stuart's  ^Historical  Memoirs  of  the  City  of 
Armagh,  pp.  505 — 508.,  we  may  read  of  some 
striking  cases  of  longevity,  from  which  I  select 
the  following : 

"  Robert  Pooler,  Esq.,  of  Tyross,  died  c.  1742,  aged  116 ; 
and  others  of  the  same  family  lived  to  extreme  old  age." 

"  Thomas  Prentice  died  c.  1750,  aged  107." 

"  William  Campbell,  a  native  of  the  city,  died  c.  1770, 
aged  114." 

"  Michael  Boyle  died  c.  1776,  and  was  found,  on  re- 
ference to  the  date  of  his  baptism,  to  have  lived  113 
years." 

"  George  Boyd,  a  tailor,  died  in  1796,  aged  101." 

"  Thomas  Connor,  a  butcher,  died  in  1799,  aged  105." 

"  Mrs.  O'Brien  died  in  1815,  aged  104." 

Mention  is  likewise  made  of  Robert  Blakeney, 
Esq.,  aged  114;  Anne  Neale,  121;  and  Robert 
Cunningham,  117. 

"  In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1800,  and  beginning  of 
1801,"  writes  Doctor  Stuart,  whose  work  (published  in 
1819)  is  worthy  of  being  consulted,  "  the  following  five 
persons  died  at  Armagh,  viz.  James  Maculla,  Esq.,  aged 
104 ;  Mr.  Charles  M'Kew,  aged  102 ;  Ann  Strain,  aged 
97;  Mary  Campbell,  aged  100;  and  Bernard  Kerr,  of 
Lisnadill,  aged  103.  The  joint  age  of  these  five  persons 
amounted  to  506  years." 

ABHBA. 


The  following  instances  of  longevity,  extracted 
from  a  waste  leaf  of  an  old  magazine  (date  about 
1771),  may  be  deemed  not  unworthy  of  insertion 
in  "  N.  &  Q." 

"John  Riva,  a  stockbroker,  aged  118  years ;  he  walked 
every  day,  without  a  stick,  to  St.  Mark's  Square,  and  re- 
tained his  hearing  and  sight  till  the  last.  He  was  born 
in  Morocco  in  the  year  1653 ;  at  the  age  of  70  he  married, 
and  had  several  children,  one  at  the  age  of  90." 

"  Elizabeth  Gordon,  Lady  Leuchars,  in  the  100th  year 
of  her  age." 

"  Mrs.  Sholmine,  aged  103,  at  Salisbury,  who  retained 
her  senses  to  her  death." 

"  Paul  Barral,  a  priest  at  Nice,  aged  106  years,  who 
enjoyed  a  good  state  of  health  all  his  life.  He  never  ate 
anything  but  vegetables." 

"  Owen  Tudor,  Esq.,  aged  121,  at  Llangollen  in  Den- 
bighshire, a  descendant  from  Henry  VII.,  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond." 

"  Mr.  James  Alexander  Tompkins,  aged  103,  at  Shad- 
well  ;  formerly  Captain  of  the  ship  '  Samuel  and  Thomas,' 
in  the  West  India  trade." 

"  One  Ap-Jones,  a  shepherd,  in  the  Isle  of  Anglesea,  in 
the  107th  year  of  his  age,  who  had  had  four  wives ;  the 
last  he  married  when  near  90,  and  had  children  by  her." 

"  Mr.  Anderson,  aged  102,  in  Westminster." 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  this  obituary  con- 


tains sixty  deaths,  of  which  but  sixteen  have  the 
age  of  the  deceased  person  recorded.  Out  of  that 
sixteen,  however,  I  find  but  three  died  under  70 
years ;  one  at  79  ;  four  about  90  ;  six  above  100  ; 
and  two  above  110.  W.  B. 

Marylebone. 


"ALMA"  AND  "BELBEC."* 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  421.) 

Most  of  the  ancient  names  in  the  Crimea  are 
either  ancient  Greek  or  Tartar  ;  some  are  Byzan- 
tine and  modern  Greek,  and  some  are  Russian. 
Perhaps  the  most  ancient  are  Shemitic.  "  Alma," 
if  the  last,  may  be  the  Arabic  el-ma  (the  water), 
or  al-ma  (on  the  water) ;  or  it  may  have  reference 
to  the  Eastern  Improvoisatori  alma  =  learned 
(Eticyc.  Brit,  art.  ALMA  ;  Clarke's  Travels,  vol.  i. 
p.  416.).  There  is  a  mountain  in  Pannonia  named 
Alma  (Herod,  vii.  2.;  Eutrop.  ix.  11.).  If  of 
Greek  derivation,  aA/w?  (meaning  salt  water)  may 
be  its  origin.  Almaz  is  Russian  for  diamond. 


"  master  or  possessor  of  the  valley."  Beh  in  the 
Kabesha  dialect  of  the  Caucasus  means  "  head " 
(Pallas,  vol.  i.  p.  441.).  The  Gaelic  bal,  the  French 
mile,  and  the  Greek  ir6\is,  are  of  the  same  origin 
as  the  Sanscrit  palli.  These  languages,  including 
Slavonian,  Lithuanian,  Scandinavian,  German, 
&c.,  have  numerous  proofs  of  affinity.  But  the 
Scandinavian  does  not  exhibit  many  affinities  with 
the  Tartar,  Turkish,  or  the  Shemitic.  There  is 
no  reason  to  suppose  that  the  Varangians  gave 
names  to  places  in  the  Byzantine  empire,  as  there 
is  none  for  thinking  that  Nesselrode  or  _  any  fo- 
reigner in  Russian  service  has  imposed  his  name 
on  rivers  or  towns  in  that  empire.  The  best 
authorities  on  the  Crimea  are  Strabo,  Pallas,  and 
Dr.  Edward  Clarke,  the  last  aided  by  Reginald 
Heber. 

The  following  remarks  may  have  some  interest 
at  the  present  time.  Eupatoria  is  the  Greek  name 
imposed  by  the  Russians  on  Kos-lof,  meaning  in 
Tartar  Eye-hut.  In-German  means  Cavern-town. 
Catherine  II.  gave  the  name  of  Sevastopol,  or 
City  of  Augusta,  to  Akhtiar,  the  meaning  of  which 
is  not  stated  by  Pallas,  but  means,  I  believe, 

*  The  Arabic  derivation  of  the  words  Alma  and  Belbeck 
acquires  much  probability  from  the  statement  of  Pallas 
(vol.  i.  p.  392.),  that  "the  Kabardines  consider  themselves 
as  descendants  of  the  Arabs.  General  tradition,  that  they 
formerly  inhabited  the  Crimea,  is  confirmed  by  names 
still  existing  in  that  peninsula.  The  upper  part  of  the 
river  Belbek,  in  the  Crimea,  is  to  this  day  called  Ka- 
barda."  Kabarda  is  the  name  of  a  river  and  of  a  dis- 
trict in  Circassia.  The  name  of  the  Bay  of  Klimata,  or 
Kalamita,  is  Greek,  and  means  declivities. 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


White  Rock.  Sympheropol,  or  City  collected  to- 
gether, is  the  ancient  name,  according  to  Pallas, 
of  Ak-metchet,  Tartar  for  Whitechurch.  Bak- 
tcJteserai  is  Tartar  for  a  Palace  in  a  Garden.  The 
Tartar  Yeni-kale  is  New  Castle,  and  Karasu-bazar 
means  Blackwater  Market.  Balaklava  is  probably 
the  Turkish  corruption  of  Strabo's  na\\a,Kiov,  the 
antithesis  of  Parthenit,  the  Virgin.  The  name 
has  also  been  attributed  to  the  Genoese  Bella- 
clava,  or  Beautiful  Quay.  According  to  Strabo 
(vii.  p.  446.),  Parthenium  is  traditionally  said  to 
contain  a  treasure  guarded  by  a  virgin,  who 
spends  her  nights  in  lamentations.  This  is  the 
scene  of  the  Iphigenia  in  Tauris  of  Euripides. 
East  of  Balaklava,  there  is  a  place  set  down  in 
the  Useful  Knowledge  Society's  map  as  lalma,  by 
mistake  for  lalta,  the  Russian  letter  for  t  (=•  m) 
having  been  evidently  taken  for  the  English  m. 
Kertsh  (derivation  unknown)  is  also  called  Vos- 
por,  a  corruption  of  Eoo-rropos.  Perekop,  consist- 
ing of  three  houses,  is  the  Russian  equivalent  of 
the  Tartar  Or-kapy,  or  Gate  of  Entrenchment. 
The  Tartar  Dag  (mountain)  has  had  the  Russian 
Tchetyr,  or  tent,  added  to  it.  The  name  Feo- 
dosia  (Theodosia)  has  been  given  to  Kqffa  since 
the  time  (fourth  century)  of  Dionysius  Periegetes, 
who,  speaking  of  the  Bosporus  (v.  164.),  says,  — 


Kqffa  is  probably  Shemitic,  and  reaches  beyond 
the  period  of  Tartar  occupation.  It  may  be  the 
Kipho  (stone  or  rock)  of  the  Syriac,  or  the  Kujf 
(elevated  land)  of  the  Arabic.  Keff"  is  Tartar  for 
mineral.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Traces  of  Scandinavian  Dialects  in  the  Crimea 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  421.).  —  Your  correspondent  R.  A.  is 
not  mistaken  in  supposing  that  the  terminations  of 
the  names  of  the  rivers  Aim-  a  and  Bel-bee  are 
signs  of  Teutonic  origin.  About  the  end  of  the 
fourth  century  the  Crimea  was  occupied  by  a 
tribe  of  the  Ostrogoths,  called  the  Tetraxits,  who 
attained  their  maximum  of  prosperity  about  the 
middle  of  the  sixth  century  ;  but  after  that  period 
shared  in  the  general  suffering  inflicted  by  the 
ravages  of  the  Mongolian  invaders  of  Europe,  but 
.did  not  disappear,  according  to  Gibbon  and  others, 
until  after  the  fifteenth  century.  So  long  an  oc- 
cupation as  this  is  quite  sufficient  to  account  for 
the  existence,  even  at  the  present  day,  of  traces 
like  those  pointed  out  by  your  correspondent.  It 
would  be  interesting  to  inquire,  What  other  traces 
can  be  discovered  of  that  lengthened  possession  of 
the  Tauric  Chersonese  by  our  kinsmen  the  Goths  ? 
Perhaps  some  of  the  officers,  or  "  correspondents," 
in  the  army  now  before  Sebastopol,  will  be  able  to 
furnish  us  with  some  facts.  B.  B.  WOODWARD. 
Bungay,  Suffolk. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photography  in  Germany  (Vol.  x.,  p.  331.).  —  As  one  of 
the  German  photographers,  rewarded  by  the  jury  of  the 
Great  Exhibition  in  1851  with  the  prize  medal,  permit 
me  to  remark  that  photography  has  oeen  actively  culti- 
vated in  Germany  since  1847 ;  and  that  A.  Martin,  of  the 
Polytechnic  Institute  in  Vienna,  though  little  known  in 
his  practical  efforts,  was  one  of  the  earliest,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  meritorious  of  photographers.  His  Handbook,  which 
first  appeared  at  that  early  period,  has  attained  its  fourth 
edition,  —  a  circumstance  of  rare  occurrence  in  Germany. 
Besides  some  other  pamphlets  about  photography,  pub- 
lished in  Germany,  Loecherer  of  Munich  has  given  us  a 
valuable  treatise ;  and  Halleur's  Die  Kunst  der  Photogra- 
phic is  justly  esteemed.  The  Photographisches  Journal,  to 
which  you  allude,  although  a  creditable  production,  is  not 
regarded  as  a  first-rate  authority,  and  has  but  just  made 
its  appearance. 

Germany,  indeed,  cannot  boast  of  a  Photographic  So- 
ciety, and  which  may  result  from  the  fact  of  there  existing 
so  few  amateurs  in  this  most  beautiful  and  promising  art. 

Nevertheless,  we  can  produce  fine  specimens,  which  I 
trust  are  by  no  means  unworthy  the  good  opinion  of  the 
photographic  world. 

Besides  a  great  number  of  photographers  who  devote 
themselves  exclusively  to  portraits,  there  are  others  in 
Munich,  Dresden,  Berlin,  Frankfort  a.  M.,  Cologne,  and 
Vienna,  who  have  produced  some  beautiful  specimens ;  for 
instance,  Loecherer's  groups  of  human  figures,  copies  of 
Kaulbach's  cartoons,  some  standard  works  of  the  picture 
gallery  at  Dresden,  Mylius'  old  buildings  of  Nuremberg, 
Michiel's  painted  windows  of  the  Cologne  Cathedral,  &c. 
I  may  also  especially  allude  to  the  photographic  branch  of 
the  Imperial  and  Government  printing-office  at  Vienna, 
which  uses  photography,  in  union  with  all  the  other  graphic 
branches,  to  a  considerable  extent ;  and  at  the  Exhibition 
in  Munich  during  the  past  summer  photography  has 
formed  a  leading  subject  from  this  establishment.  It 
has  exhibited  objects  taken  from  nature,  copies  of  busts, 
statues,  suits  of  polished  armour,  bas-reliefs,  medals, 
copies  of  oil  pictures,  water-colour  paintings,  drawings 
with  the  pencil,  with  pen  and  ink,  with  Indian  ink,  with 
chalk,  &c. ;  some  imitations  of  etchings  by  Rembrandt, 
Van  Dyck,  in  the  same  size  as  the  original ;  furthermore, 
maps  copied  from  drawings  in  the  same  size  as  their 
original  ;  maps  twenty-five  times  diminished,  and  a 
magnified  positive  proof  of  one  of  them ;  many  entomolo- 
gical objects  magnified  by  the  sun  microscope,  an  opaque 
shell  magnified  by  the  camera,  &c.  Some  of  the  men- 
tioned pictures  are  taken  at  once  in  a  size  of  seventeen 
and  twenty-two  inches,  and  the  named  establishment  has 
been  the  first  having  energy  enough  to  work  in  such  a 
size. 

One  of  my  friends  in  London,  Mr.  Trubner,  12.  Pater- 
noster Row,  as  well  as  myself,  possesses  copies  of  some  of 
the  aforenamed,  as  well  as  others ;  and  I  shall  feel  great 
pleasure  in  availing  myself  of  any  opportunity  that  pre- 
sents of  producing  them  at  any  photographic  exhibition 
in  this  country.  PAUL  PKETSCH. 

8.  Royal  Exchange. 

Mr.  How's  Wax-paper  Process. — With  reference  to 
your  answer  in  Vol.  x.,  p.  172.,  I  find  that  on  adding  the 
chemicals  to  whey,  as  recommended  by  MR.  How,  the 
liquid,  which  was  at  first  of  a  bright  lemon-yellow  colour, 
becomes  thick,  and  a  precipitate  settles  an  inch  deep  in. 
the  bottle :  this  takes  place  after  adding  the  fluoride.  As 
my  results  are  not  very  satisfactory,  I  have  taken  the 
liberty  of  troubling  you  again  :  I  think  something  is 
somehow  precipitated  that  ought  to  be  in  the  solution. 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


Would  sugar  of  milk  do  as  well  as  whey,  which  is  trouble- 
some to  get  clear? 

Can  you  give  me  any  receipt  for  using  iodide  and  other 
salt  of  iron  in  albumen  on  glass.  The  process  with  iodide 
of  potassium  is  very  slow.  A.  S.  S,  | 

Bombay. 

Preserving  Sensitised  Collodion  Plates.  —  The  difficulty 
I  had  experienced  (Vol.  x.,  p.  411.)  from  unequal  develop- 
ment in  large  plates  is  easily  got  rid  of,  by  allowing  the 
plate  to  remain  quietly  in  the  bath  a  good  while,  about 
twenty  to  thirty  minutes  (it  may  indeed  be  left  in  without 
injury  any  length  of  time),  and  just  before  removing  it, 
gently  raising  and  lowering  the  plate  two  or  three  times, 
so  as  to  allow  the  diluted  syrup  to  flow  away.  The  longer 
the  plate  has  been  kept,  the  longer  it  must  be  soaked,  as 
the  syrup  adheres  more  to  the  film.  A  vertical  bath,  as 
MB.  SHADBOLT  remarks,  is  better  for  this  purpose ;  the 
syrup  gravitating  to  the  bottom  is  more  easily  removed ; 
but  not  having  one  by  me  large  enough,  I  had  no  choice 
but  a  flat  bath,  which  with  a  little  more  care  answers 
perfectly  well.  To  iodize  the  plate,  a  flat  bath  has,  in 
my  opinion,  many  advantages.  The  transparent  speckling 
of  the  plate  was  owing  to  some  of  the  excited  molecules 
of  iodide  of  silver  having  been  removed  from  the  film 
while  in  the  bath,  and  as  a  consequence  minute  holes  ap- 
peared after  the  plate  was  developed.  This  was  easily 
obviated  by  a  little  more  care  in  the  washing.  If  the  bath 
contained  any  dust,  speckling  would  ensue,  as  MR.  SHAD- 
BOLT  suggests ;  I  had,  however,  carefully  guarded  against 
this,  and  with  me  it  could  not  have  been  the  cause.  It  is 
also  easy  to  speckle  any  plate  by  washing  it  roughly. 

I  have  tried  MR.  SHADBOLT'S  last  method  with  8£  x  6£ 
plates :  it  answers  admirably,  and  I  gladly  own  that  I 
prefer  it  to  the  way  I  had  worked,  the  manipulation  being 
less  troublesome.  It  is  however  evident,  that,  on  many 
occasions,  it  may  be  desirable  to  know  how  to  work  a 
plate  without  a  second  bath,  and  I  therefore  hope  the 
modification  of  the  process  I  have  given  will  sometimes 
be  found  useful.  The  skies  and  the  blacks  generally  are 
more  intense  than  MR.  SHADBOLT'S,  probably  from  using 
a  thicker  syrup,  and  re-exciting  the  plate  with  a  ten-grain 
nitrate  of  silver  solution  before  using  the  pyro.  ;  this, 
however,  is  in  most  cases  of  little  advantage,  for  the  jet 
black  tone,  caused  by  the  reducing  power  of  the  small 
amount  of  syrup  remaining  in  the  film,  is  such,  as  to  make 
these  syruped  negatives  far  denser  than  ordinary  ones. 

The  being  able  to  preserve  collodion  plates  after  ex- 
citement, if  for  only  a  week,  is  the  greatest  step  photo- 
graphy has  made  since  the  introduction  of  collodion  in 
1850.  We  have  all  the  advantages  of  collodion,  com- 
bined with  keeping  qualities  greater  even  than  those  of 
wax-paper.  The  certainty  of  the  process  is,  to  say  the 
least,  fully  equal  to  that  of  any  other,  and  the  manipula- 
tion infinitely  less  troublesome. 

For  making  this  process  known,  we  are  all  under  many 
obligations  to  MR.  SHADBOLT.  THOS.  L.  MAXSELL. 

Guernsey. 


to  Minor 

"Political  Register"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  423.).  — This 
periodical  was  published  monthly.  No.  1.  was 
published  in  May,  1767;  No.  70.  and  last,  Dec. 
1772.  Each  number,  with  some  few  exceptions, 
especially  towards  the  conclusion  of  the  work, 
contained  a  print,  generally  a  satirical  allusion  to 
some  passing  event,  but  sometimes  merely  por- 


traits.    I  know  nothing  more  of  the  authors  than 
the  work  itself  tells  us.  EDW.  HAWKINS. 

The  first  number  of  the  periodical  to  which 
M.  K  S.  refers,  was  published  in  May,  1767.  I 
have  eleven  volumes,  concluding  Dec.  1772.  The 
first  two  were  published  by  Ahnon ;  and  some 
account  of  the  origin  of  the  work,  and  the  inten- 
tion of  the  projector,  with  reasons  for  discon- 
tinuing it,  will  be  found  in  Memoirs  of  J.  Almon, 
p.  47.  The  work  was  continued  by  Beevor  of 
Little  Britain.  The  writers  in  it  are  not  known 
to  me ;  and  to  speculate  upon  the  subject  would 
occupy  too  much  of  your  space.  Wilkes  was 
certainly  a  contributor.  P.  R. 

Will  and  Testament  (Vol.  x.,  p.^T.).  —  Your 
readers  are  much  obliged  to  MR.  HESLEDEN  for 
making  that  clear  by  his  quotation,  which  has 
hitherto  been  merely  the  persuasion  of  legal  men, 
viz.  that  the  will  refers  to  real  property,  and  the 
testament  to  personal.  Dims. 

Sevastopol,  or  Sevastopol  (Vol.  x.,  p.  444.). — 
The  letter  v,  the  third  in  the  Russian  alphabet, 
though  corresponding  in  form  with  our  B,  is  quite 
distinct  from  J,  which  is  the  second  letter  in  their 
alphabet,  and  has  a  different  shape.  Before  vowels 
and  soft  consonants  v  is  pronounced  as  in  English 
and  French,  as  in  the  names  Moskva,  Sevastian, 
Sevastopol  (with  the  accent  on  the  penultima), 
Varfolomei  (Bartholomew).  Before  hard  conso- 
nants, and  generally  at  the  end  of  words,  it  has 
the  sound  offorff,  as  in  the  names  Orloff,  Ivan- 
off,  Vasilieff.  R.  R. 

Canterbury. 

Sevastopol  is  the  proper  pronunciation  of  this 
word  in  English.  The  Russian  letter  b,  the  third 
in  their  alphabet,  with  which  it  is  spelt,  is  pro- 
nounced vay,  while  the  B  (which  I  suppose  is  the 
letter  designated  the  "  single  b "  by  your  corre- 
spondent A.  H.  M.  WHITE),  the  second  letter  of 
their  A,  B,  C,  is  pronounced  bay.  J.  S.  A. 

Old  Broad  Street. 

In  modern  Greek  this  is  the  pronunciation  of 
the  name  imposed  on  Aktiar  by  Catherine  II., 
and  not  Sebastopol.  The  0  in  modern  Greek  has . 
the  sound  of  the  English  v  and  of  the  German  w. 
When  the  modern  Greeks  wish  to  represent  the 
sound  of  the  English  b,  they  write  pir,  as  Mnwo- 
irApre  (Bonaparte).  See  Hobhouse's  notes  to  the 
4th  canto  of  Childe  Harold,  and  Bournouf 's  Gr. 
Gr.  p.  2. 

The  word  pdffi\evs  is  pronounced  vasilefs,  and 
so  also  in  Russian.  This  used  to  be  the  pronun- 
ciation in  the  English  universities.  It  is  well- 
known  to  the  Hebrew  scholar  that  2  has  two 
sounds,  that  of  v  when  so  written,  and  of  b  when 
written  with  dagesh,  thus,  3.  This  difference  is 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


similar  to  the  two  sounds  of  th,  not  discriminated 
in  writing  by  the  English.  The  $  in  modern 
Greek  js  sounded  like  th  in  this ;  whilst  the  Q  is 
like  th  in  thistle.  T.  J.  BOCK.TON. 

Lichfield. 

"  Ecrasez  Flnfame"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  282.)-  —  I  think 
the  Abbe  Barruel,  in  his  Memoirs  illustrating  the 
History  of  Jacobinism,  Sfc.,  is  one  of  the  first,  if 
not  the  very  first,  to  attribute  the  offensive  mean- 
ing to  this  oft-repeated  expression  of  Voltaire. 

It  is  so  long  since  I  read  the  work,  that  I  can- 
not quote.  A.  C.  M. 

Exeter. 

"  Sculcoates  Gate"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  402.).— The  term 
gote  is  not  peculiar  to  Yorkshire  ;  in  South  Lin- 
colnshire and  North  Cambridgeshire  there  are,  or 
were,  the  following :  Tid  gote,  the  Shire  gote, 
Sutton  gote,  Lutton  gote,  Gedney  gote,  Fleet  gote, 
Bones  gote,  Murrow  gote,  and  the  Four  gates. 
Gates  are  also  mentioned  in  the  Statute  of  Sewers, 
23  Hen.  VIII.  c.  5.  They  are  thus  explained  by 
"  that  famous  and  learned  gentleman,  Robert 
Callis,  Esq.,  Sergeant-at-Law  :" 

Goats. 

"  Goats  be  usual  engines  erected  and  built  with  per- 
cnllesses  and  doors  of  timber,  stone,  or  brick,  invented 
first  in  Lower  Germany,  and  after  brought  into  England, 
and  used  here  by  imitation ;  and  experience  hath  given 
so  great  approbation  of  them,  as  they  are  now,  and  that 
with  good  reason  and  cause  inducing  the  same,  accounted 
the  most  useful  instruments  for  draining  the  waters  out 
of  the  land  into  the  sea.  There  is  a  twofold  use  made  of 
them :  the  one  when  fresh  water  flows  and  descends  upon 
the  low  grounds,  where  these  engines  are  always  placed, 
and  whereto  all  the  channels  where  they  stand  have  their 
currents  and  drains  directed,  the  same  is  let  out  by  these 
into  some  creek  of  the  sea ;  and  if,  at  some  great  floods, 
the  seas  break  into  the  lands,  the  salt  waters  usually  have 
their  returns  through  these  back  to  the  sea.  Many  of 
these  goats,  which  are  placed  on  highways,  serve  also  for 
bridges.  This  goat  is  no  such  imaginary  engine  as  the 
mills  be,  which  some  rare  wise  men  of  late  have  invented ; 
but  this  invention  is  warranted  by  experience,  the  other 
is  rejected  as  altogether  chargeable  and  illusory.  Yet 
these  engines  seem  to  me  not  to  be  very  ancient  here  in 
this  kingdom,  for  that  I  do  not  finde  them  mentioned  in 
any  of  the  ancient  Commissions  granted  before  this  statute 
did  express  the  same."  —  Callis  on  Sewers,  p.  66. 

The  word  clow  seems  synonymous  with  gote 
(Badeslade,  Hist,  of  Navigation  of  King's  Lynn, 
p.  20.).  C.  H.  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 

"  Talented"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  323.).  —  J.  R.  G.  does 
not  appear  to  be  aware  that  this  word  is,  as  Mr. 
Smart  has  observed,  "  a  revived  word."  An  in- 
stance of  its  use  is  introduced  by  Mr.  Todd  in  his 
edition  of  Johnson,  from  Archbishop  Abbot,  who 
lived  in  the  time  of  James  I.  I  have  heard  it 
objected,  that  it  is  an  abnormal  formation,  as  we 
have  not  the  verb  "  to  talent."  But  the  termin- 


ation -ed  is  an  adjective  as  well  as  a  participial 
termination ;  that  is,  it  may  be  added  to  a  noun 
as  well  as  to  a  verb.  Two  words  now  in  com- 
mon use  are  "moneyed"  and  "landed"  —  "the 
moneyed  and  landed  interest."  It  is  true  we  have 
the  verb  "  to  land,"  but  not  in  the  sense  of  the 
adjective.  Various  other  such  adjectives  are  com- 
mon, e.g.  "  a  crabbed  fellow,"  "  the  bladed  grass," 
"  the  \\l\ed  banks,"  "  rubied  nectar." 

Chaucer,  in  his  translation  of  Boethius,  applies 
the  substantive  very  differently  from  the  custom- 
ary usage  of  more  modern  days.  We  apply  it  to 
the  talent  delivered,  the  gift,  the  endowment : 
Chaucer  to  the  disposition  of  mind  (manifested  by 
the  different  servants — the  good  and  wicked — to 
whom  the  talents  were  delivered).  In  this  he  fol- 
lowed the  example  of  the  older  French  and  Italian 
writers  (see  Cotgrave  and  Florio).  The  etymolo- 
gists seek  for  a  different  origin  of  the  French  and 
Italian  word  (see  Menage  and  Ducange ;  the  latter 
withholds  his  assent),  but  their  identity  with  our 
common  word  from  the  Latin  talentum  is  obvious ; 
and  their  application,  "  aliquantum  deflexo  sensu," 
as  Skinner  remarks,  is  without  any  difficulty. 

Lord  Clarendon  writes :  "  The  nation  was 
without  any  ill  talent  towards  the  Church,"  i.  e. 
disposition,  was  not  ill  disposed. 

Swift :  "  It  is  the  talent  of  human  nature  to  run 
from  one  extreme  to  another,"  i.  e.  disposition, 
human  nature  is  disposed. 

This,  we  are  told  by  Johnson,  is  an  improper 
and  mistaken  use. 

The  Latin  affectus,  of  Boethius,  is  by  Chaucer 
rendered  talent.  See  the  quotations  from  him  in 
Richardson.  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

"  While"  and  "  wile"  (Vol.*  x.,  p.  100.).  - 
Though  "  to  wile  away  the  time,"  "  to  beguile  the 
time,"  is  certainly  very  good  English,  yet  that  is 
not  a  sufficient  reason  for  exploding  the  common 
explanations  of  while.  If  we  look  to  the  old 
usages  of  the  word,  we  shall  find  it,  to  be,  in  the 
Wiclif  Bible,  the  established  rendering  of  the 
Latin  vicissitudo.  In  the  Epistle  of  James  i.  17., 
where  the  modern  version  has  "  no  shadow  of 
turning,"  the  old  version  is,  "no  schadewe  of  while- 
nes"  ("nee  vicissitudinis  obumbratio"). 

"  To  wheel,"  is  tp  roll  or  turn  round :  while 
and  wheel  are  evidently  of  the  same  family. 

While,  s.,  is  "a  turn,  or  time  of  taking  to  turn." 

" To  while"  is,  to  turn,  or,  take  a  turn,  e. g. 
until  dinner  is  ready. 

Ainsworth  interprets  "  to  while,"  otiari. 

Johnson,  "  to  loiter  ;  to  draw  out  or  consume 
time  in  a  tedious  way." 

Richardson,  "  to  pass  away  or  spend  time  in 
doing  something  merely  to  pass  it  away." 

"  The  whiling  time,  the  whiling  moments,"  of 
Addison,  do  not  necessarily  imply  tediousness. 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


They  may  be  spent  in  what  our  word  pastime  is 
usually  employed  to  denote :  in  diversion,  or 
amusement ;  so  "  to  pass  away  the  time,  as  to 
prevent  it  from  hanging  an  intolerable  burden  on 
our  hands."  (See  Trench,  On  the  Study  of  Words, 
p.  9.) 

Farther,  the  Dutch  wyl  is  our  while ;  and  the 
D.  verwylen  is  our  "  to  while."  "  To  while  off 
a  business,"  is  " Een  zaak  verwylen" 

In  Mceso-  Gothic,  and  modern  northern  lan- 
guages, "  to  while"  is  otiari,  quiescere,  to  pass  the 
time  leisurely  or  quietly ;  and  Ihre  adds,  "  Pro- 
prie  idem  significare  videtur,  ac  cessare,  vel  in- 
terstitium  laboris  facere,  a  hweila,  intervallum 
temporis." 

I  hope  I  have  said  enough  to  satisfy  your  in- 
genious correspondent,  at  the  end  of  the  alphabet, 
that  we  cannot  allow  him  to  wile  or  beguile  us 
from  our  old  persuasions.  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

Stars  and  Flowers  (Vol.  vii.  passim ;  Vol.  x., 
p.  253.).  —  Darwin,  in  his  Botanic  Garden,  has 
an  example  which  you  may  deem  worth  quoting. 
It  is  as  follows : 

"  Roll  on,  ye  stars !  exult  in  youthful  prime, 
Mark  with  bright  curves  the  printless  steps  of  Time ! 
Near  and  more  near  your  beaming  cars  approach, 
And  lessening  orbs  on  lessening  orbs  encroach. 
Flowers  of  the  sky !  ye,  too,  to  fate  must  yield, 
Frail  as  your  silken  sisters  of  the  field." 

HENET  H.  BREEN. 
St.  Lucia. 

"  Harlot"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  207.).  — Can  there  be  any 
doubt  that  this  word,  as  Skinner's  friend  Henshaw 
thought,  and  Tooke  confirmed,  is  "  quasi  whorelet 
or  horelet,  meretricula"  (Meretrix,  a  merendo). 
Harlot  was  applied,  not  to  females  only,  but  to 
males  (see  in  Junius,  Tooke,  or  Richardson),  merely 
as  to  persons  receiving  wages  or  hire.  Varlet, 
Tooke  contends,  is  the  same  word.  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

The  dying  Words  of  Bede  (Vol.  x.,  p.  329.).— 
Any  Italian  dictionary  gives  the  phrase,  "  To  mend 
a  pen,"  "Temperare  una  penna."  The  collo- 
quial Latin  of  a  monk  was  more  likely  to  resemble 
modern  Italian  than  Cicero's  Latinity.  J.  H.  L. 

Family  of  the  Palaologi  (Vol.  x.,  p.  351.). — 
I  noticed  in  The  Times  a  few  weeks  ago,  among  a 
list  of  medical  men  who,  I  think,  were  about  to 
proceed  to  the  seat  of  war  in  the  East,  the  name 
of  W.  J.  Paleologus,  M.D.  Perhaps  this  gentle- 
man or  his  friends  may  be  able  to  state  whether 
he  is  descended  from  the  imperial  family.  I 
forget  the  date  of  The  Times  in  which  this  ap- 
peared, but  believe  it  to  have  been  some  day  last 
month  (October).  While  on  this  subject  I  would 
suggest  to  your  readers  the  formation  of  a  good 
Genealogical  Society  for  the  publication  and 


preservation  of  correct  and  authentic  pedigrees, 
and  other  records  of  families.  Independent  of 
the  historical  interest  of  the  information  which 
might  be  thus  perpetuated,  it  is  well  known  that 
lawyers  and  others  engaged  in  tracing  successions 
to  property  are  constantly  baffled  in  their  en- 
deavours from  the  want  of  accessible  information 
on  these  subjects.  Indeed  it  may  safely  be  said, 
that  a  considerable  amount  of  property  is  annually 
lost  to  the  rightful  owners  from  sheer  inability  to 
trace  them. 

Good  pedigrees  and  histories  of  the  noble  fa- 
milies alone  of  England,  would  be  extremely 
valuable  and  interesting.  Mr.  Drummond's  work 
on  Noble  British  Families  might  have  answered 
this  purpose,  but  I  believe  it  has  been  discontinued. 
I  fancy  I  have  heard  of  a  Genealogical  Society 
somewhere  in  London,  but  I  never  saw  any  of  its 
publications,  nor  do  I  know  that  it  has  contri- 
buted much  to  genealogical  knowledge. 

E.  L.  N. 

Praying  towards  the  West  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  102. 
&c.).  —  The  following  extract  from  Maimonides 
will  throw  some  farther  light  upon  this  question : 

"  It  is  well  known  that  the  ancient  idolaters  chose 
high  and  lofty  places  for  the  sites  of  their  temples  and 
idols,  and  frequently  erected  them  on  mountains.  Our 
father  Abraham,  therefore,  chose  Mount  Moriah,  because 
it  was  the  highest  mountain  in  that  region,  and  publicly 
professed  the  unity  of  God  upon  it ;  and  that  towards  the 
west,  because  the  Holy  of  Holies  was  to  be  placed  towards 
the  west.  From  this  has  arisen  the  saying,  that  'The 
Divine  Majesty  is  in  the  west  ; '  and  the  express  declar- 
ation of  our  rabbins  in  the  Semara,  that '  Abraham  our 
father  pointed  out  the  west  for  the  Holy  of  Holies.'  But, 
in  my  judgment,  the  reason  was,  that  since  it  was  the 
common  superstition  to  adore  the  sun,  and  regard  it  as  a 
god,  men  would  doubtlessly  turn  themselves  toward  the 
east;  and  therefore  our  father  Abraham  turned  himself 
toward  the  west  on  Mount  Moriah,  that  his  back  might  be 
upon  the  sun :  for  we  are  not  ignorant  of  what  the  Israelites 
did  when  they  apostatised  and  returned  to  their  former 
errors.  «  They  turned  their  backs,'  saith  the  prophet,  '  to- 
ward the  temple  of  the  Lord,  and  their  faces  towards  the 
east;  and  they  worshipped  the  sun  towards  the  east' 
(Ezekiel  viii.  16.)  Observe  this  with  astonishment  and 
suitable  regard ! "  —  Maimonides,  More  Nevochim,  Of 
Precepts  of  the  Tenth  Class. 

WILLIAM  FBASER,  B.C.L. 

Alton,  Staffordshire. 


NOTES   ON   BOOKS,    ETC. 

The  sale  of  the  very  choice  library  of  an  eminent  col- 
lector under  the  hammer  of  Messrs.  Sotheby  &  Wilkinson, 
at  their  rooms  in  Wellington  Street,  on  Thursday  week, 
and  two  following  days,  has  clearly  demonstrated  that 
the  rage  for  collecting  books  of  undoubted  rarity,  in  spite 
of  the  critical  times,  is  undiminished.  The  following  are 
the  prices  brought  by  some  of  the  more  uncommon 
articles: — Lot  62.  Cancionero  General,  Anvers,  1557, 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


III.  15s.  145.  Bible,  one  of  the  earliest,  in  which  1  Tim. 
iv.  16.  reads  "Thy"  instead  of  "The  doctrine,"  Cam- 
bridge, 1663,  151.  15s. ;  193.  A  Parte  of  a  Register,  being 
a  collection  of  42  Puritanical  tracts  on  ecclesiastical  disci- 
pline, including  UdalPs  famous  Demonstration,  for  the 
•writing  of  which  he  was  sentenced  to  be  hanged,  6/.  12s.  Gd. 
220.  Dugdale's  Antiquities  of  Warwickshire,  enlarged  by 
W.  Thomas,  2  vols.,  1730,  331.  10s.  249.  Hearne's  col- 
lection of  works  relating  to  English  History  and  Topo- 
graphy, 65  vols.,  large  paper,  2751.  414.  Archbishop 
Laud's  Conference  with  Fisher  the  Jesuit ;  with  the  Arch- 
bishop's autograph,  "  W.  Cant,"  6Z.  12s.  6d.  429.'  Shak- 
speare's  Comedies,  Histories,  and  Tragedies,  first  edition, 
1623,  1501. ;  the  second  edition  sold  for  171.  10s. ;  the  third 
for  50/. ;  and  the  fourth  for  9/.  15s.  471.  Savonarola's 
Exposicyon  of  the  blst  Psalme,  Paris,  1538,  67.  12s.  Gd. 
529.  Spenser's  Faerie  Queene,  first  edition,  1590-96, 10/.  10s. 
552.  Wilkins'  (D.)  Concilia  MagntB  Britannia,  4  vols., 
1737,  26/.  10s.  The  collection  was  particularly  rich  in 
rare  and  curious  old  tracts  of  our  early  divines,  which 
uniformly  produced  very  high  prices.  The  three  days' 
sale  brought  nearly  2,000/. 

We  presume  Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson  hope  to  rea- 
lise similar  prices  for  some  of  the  more  valuable  lots  in 
their  forthcoming  sale  of  Mr.  Crofton  Croker's  library, 
which  is  not  only  rich  in  works  relating  to  Irish  history 
and  its  ballad  poetry,  but  contains  some  valuable  Ormonde 
and  Orrery  MSS.,  Yormerly  in  the  Southwell  Collection, 
which  we  hope  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  will 
not  lose  sight  of.  Perhaps,  after  their  neglect  of  the 
Faussett  Collection,  that  irresponsible  body  may  think  it 
becoming  not  entirely  to  disregard  Mr.  Croker's  extraor- 
dinary collection  of  national  antiquities,  the  sale  of  which 
is  to  take  place  on  the  21st.  Those  of  our  readers  who 
take  an  interest  in  primeval  antiquities,  will  do  well  to 
call  at  191.  Piccadilly  as  soon  as  this  collection  is  on 
view. 

The  want  of  an  authorised  collection  of  hymns  for  the 
use  of  our  churches  is  one  which  is  every  day  being 
more  intensely  felt.  A  fresh  attempt  to  supply  this  de- 
ficiency is  The  Church  Hymnal,  a  Book  of  Hymns  adapted 
to  the  use  of  the  Church  of  England  and  Ireland,  arranged 
as  they  are  to  be  sung  in  Churches,  which  has  been  formed 
by  the  Rev.  W.  Denton,  whose  name  is  a  sufficient  se- 
curity for  the  care  with  which  the  selection  has  been 
made. 

We  know  not  how  far  the  issuing  of  a  series  of  trans- 
lations from  the  Latin  Chroniclers  of  England  is  a  profit- 
able speculation  to  Mr.  Bohn,  but  it  is  assuredly  an 
undertaking  which  is  most  creditable  to  him  as  a  pub- 
lisher. To  those  already  put  forth,  he  has  just  added 
another  and  most  interesting  one,  being  The  Chronicle  of 
Florence  of  Worcester,  with  the  Two  Continuations,  com- 
prising Annals  of  English  History,  from  the  Departure  of 
the  Romans  to  the  Reign  of  Edward  I.,  translated,  with  Notes 
and  Illustrations,  by  Thomas  Forester,  M.A. 

The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  a  Tale  by  Oliver  Goldsmith ; 
with  Illustrations  by  John  Absolon,  is  a  Christmas  book 
which  will  find  favour  in  the  eyes  of  all  those  who  ad- 
mire this  masterpiece  of  Goldsmith's  easy  and  graceful 
pen ;  and  which  is  here  illustrated  by  the  equally  easy 
and  graceful  pencil  of  John  Absolon. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman 
Geography,  edited  by  W.  Smith,  LL.'D.  Part  XI.  of  this 
most  valuable  book,  which  extends  from  Laconia  to 
Macrobii. —  Selections  from  the  Writings  of  the  Rev.  Sydney 
Smith,  Parts  III.  and  IV.,  containing  his  Letters  on  the 
Catholic  Question,  &c.,  and  his  Three  Letters  on  Arch- 
deacon Singleton.  This  farther  portion  of  the  writings  of 
the  witty  Canon  of  St.  Paul's  forms  Parts  LXXI.  and 
LXXII.  of  Longman's  Traveller's  Library. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED   TO    PURCHASE. 

THE   CATENA  AUREA   OP  ST.  THOMAS  AQUINAS.    Translated.    Vol.  I. 

St.  Matthew.    Part  1.    8vo.    Oxford,  1841. 

ARCHBISHOP  BRAMHALL'S  WORKS.    Vol.  I.    8vo.    Oxford,  1842. 
BISHOP  ANBREWES'S  SERMONS.    Vol.  I.    8vo.    Oxford,  1841. 

DITTO  DITTO.      Vol.  V.    Oxford,  1843. 

BISHOP  BEVERIDGE'S  SERMONS.     Vol.  VI.    8vo.    Oxford,  1845. 
ST.  CHRYSOSTOM'S  HOMILIES  ON  THE  STATOES.  Translated.  8vo.   Oxford. 
*»»  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free,  to  be 
sent  to  MR.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "NOTES  AND   QUERIES," 
186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent  direct  to 
the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose : 

CAVENDISH  SOCIETY  PUBLICATIONS.    A  set. 

Wanted  by  Wm.  Blackwood  fy  Sons,  Edinburgh. 

A  DISCOVERT  op  THE  AUTHOR  OF   THE  LETTERS  OF   JUNIUS.    London, 

Taylor  &  Hessey,  1813. 

JUNIUS  DISCOVERED,  by  P.  T.    8vo.    Fores.    London,  1798. 
THE  POPIAD.    8vo.   London,  1728. 
THE  CURLIAD  :  A  Hypercritic  upon  the  Dunciad  Variorum.    London, 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  Esq.,  25.  HolyweU  Street,  Millbank. 

HASTED'S  KENT.    8vo.  Edition.    Vol.  I. 
BEN  JONSON  (  9  Vols.).    Vob.  II.  III.  IV. 

Wanted  by  J.  M.  Star*,  Hull. 

WRIOHT  AND  HALLIWELL'S  RELIQUIA  ANTIQUES.    No.  2. 

NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE.    No.  12. 

HALLIWELL'S  DICTIONARY.    Parts  2,  3,  4. 

DELPHI-.  CLASSICS.    Valpy.    Vols.  XLV.  XLVI.  LXTV.  LXXXVTI. 

CAMBRIDGE  CALENDARS,  any  before  1804,  also  1804,  5,  6, 14, 16, 1 7,  20,  21. 

RACING  CALENDAR.    1848. 

Wanted  by  J.  R.  Smith,  36.  Soho  Square,  London. 


FINANCE  ACCOUNTS  OP  GREAT  BRITAIN  for  the  years  ending  Jan.  1814 

and  Jan.  1815. 

Wanted  by  Edward  Cheshire,  Esq.,  Statistical  Society,  12.  St.  James's 
Square. 


KNIGHT,  JOHN,  FUNERAL   SERMON   PO 
4 to.    1722. 

Wanted  by  the  Librarian,  Woburn  Abbey. 


DOWAGER  LADY  RUSSELL. 


£at(re£  tn 

BOOKS  WANTED.  We  think  it  right  to  apprize  our  friends  who  use.  this 
department  of  ''  N.  &  Q.,"  and  dealers  in  old  books,  who  we  suspect  do 
not  use  it  quite  so  much  as  they  might,  that  in  future  we  shall  not  be  able, 
from  want  of  space,  to  give  more  than  a  second  insertion  to  each  list. 

UNEDA.     The  oft-quoted 

"  Well  of  English  undented," 
is  from  Spenser's  Faerie  Queene,  Book  IV.  Canto  2.  St.  32. 

MR.  LVTE  ON  THE  COLLODION  PROCESS.  Owing  to  a  delay  in  the  re- 
ceipt of  his  letter  from  Argeles,  we  are  compelled  to  defer  till  next  week 
this  interesting  paper. 

TURNER'S  PAPER.  The  specimen  of  Turner's  old  writing-paper  sent  its 
by  a  Correspondent  is  very  excellent,  and  we  advise  him  to  secure  all  he 
is  able. 

TALBOT  v.  LA  ROCHE.  This  cause  will  be  tried  at  the  GuildhaU, 
London,  before  Sir  J.  Jervis  and  a  special  jury,  on  Monday  next  the 
ISth  instant. 

LONO-EXCITED  COLLODION.  We  have  seen  a  perfect  picture  8j  X  6J, 
taken  by  Dr.  Mansell  on  the  30th  of  November,  upon  a  plate  which  wag 
excited  according  to  his  pro  ess  eighti/-*i.<-  hours  previous  to  esposure  in 
the  camera.  It  is  therefore  quite  evident  that  the -phutograjiher  may_nmo 
work  in  the  open  air  with  collodion  without  being  encumbered  with  a 
variety  of  liquid  chemicals. 

A.  L.  Try  some  pyrogallic  acid  procured  from  a  different  chemist. 
See  our  advertisements. 

MR.  SHADBOLT'S  PROCESS.  Jfay  I  request  the  correction  of  a  somewhat 
droll  error  that  has  prnlmbtijnri.ii.-n  fnun  ill*  <tit>l<'  manuscri]it:  Vol.  x., 
p.  45".  col.  2. 1.  15.  should  be  "  perfectly  mirrored  surface,"  and  not 
"  perfectly  nitrated  surface  "  asprinted.  Quo.  SHADBOLT. 

ERRATUM.— Vol.  x.,  p.  473. col.  1.1.  25.,/or  "articles,"  read"  article." 

Full  price  will  be  given  for  clean  copies  of  "  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  of 
1st  January,  1853,  No.  166,  upon  application  to  MR.  BELL,  the  Publisher. 

A  few  completesets  of"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES."  Vols.  i.  to  ix.,pricefour 
guineas  and  a  half,  may  now  be  had.  for  these,  early  application  it 
desirable. 

"NOTES  AND  QUERIES"  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that  the 
Country  Booksellers  man  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels,  and 
deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


knowledged.  Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAOTIOW Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 

THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP :  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  "W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at Is.,  2s., 
and  3s.  6d.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdon  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


WHOLESALE    PHOTOGRA- 
PHIC   AND     OPTICAL    WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Red  Lion  Square,  London. 
Depot  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 


THE   IODIZED  COLLODION 

_L    manufactured  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO., 

289.  Strand.  London,  is  still  unrivalled  for 
SENSITIVENESS  and  DENSITY  OF  NE- 
GATIVE ;  it  excels  all  others  in  its  keeping 
qualities  and  uniformity  of  constitution. 

Albumenized  Paper,  17|  by  11,  5».  per  quire. 
Ditto,  Waxed,  7s.,  of  very  superior  quality. 
Double  Achromatic  Lenses  EQUAL  IN  ALL 
POINTS  to  those  of  any  other  Manufacturer : 
Quarter  Plate,  21.  2s. ;  Half  Plate,  5Z. ;  Whole,  ! 
107.  Apparatus  and  Pure  Chemicals  of  all 
Descriptions. 

Just  published, 

PRACTICAL      HINTS     ON 

PHOTOGRAPHY,  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN.  Third 
Edition.  Price  Is. ;  per  Post,  Is.  4d. 


Just  published. 

PRACTICAL    PHOTOGRA- 

r    PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 

containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Light,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BUMEN, WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  iW. 

Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road.  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings.  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC     LENSES ; 

JL      made  by  J.  T.  GODDARD,  Jesse  Cot- 
tage, Whitton,  Isleworth,  London. 

Achromatic  combinations  of  lenses  of  2J  in. 
diameter,  elegantly  mounted  in  brass  with 
rack  and  pinion  adjustment,  giving  portraits 
up  to  41  in.,  and  landscapes  to  about  5  in. 
Price  37.  3s.  This  combination  has  a  rapidity 
of  action  equal  to  our  3}  in.  instrument  of 
seven  guineas,  and  is  well  suited  for  profes- 
sional or  amateur  use.  Testimonials  from 
professional  artists  may  be  inspected. 


WHOLESALE   PHOTOGRA- 
PHIC DEPOT. 
DANIEL  M'MILLAN, 
132.  FLEET  STREET,  LONDON. 
Price  List  Free  on  Application. 


INSTRUCTIVE  CHRISTMAS 

AND  NEW  YEAR'S  GIFTS. 


pOLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J    AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest  ; 
ease    and    certainty    by   using    BLAND    &   i 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton;  cer- 
tainty  and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a   ! 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho-   ' 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de-   i 
tail  unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra-   • 
phical  Instrument   Makers,   and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

»**  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT   preserved  by  the  t 
Use  of  SPECTACLES    adapted  to  snit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,   which    effectually   prevents   , 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by  f 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


ELEMENTARY  PHOTOGRAPHIC  AP- 
PARATUS, IN  CASE,  with  Instructions  for 
Use,  10s.  and  12s. 

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL  APPARATUS, 
IN  CASE,  with  Instructions,  7s.  and  10s. 

CHEMICAL  INSTRUCTION  AND 
AMUSEMENT  CHESTS,  5s.  6d.,  7s.  erf., 
10s.  6d.,  and  21s. 

ELEMENTARY  COMPOUND  MICRO- 
SCOPE, with  Instructions,  10s.,  16s.,  and  20s. 

THE  STEREOSCOPE,  with  VIEWS  and 
Instructions,  7s.  6d.  and  IOs.  i>-'. 

ELEMENTARY  ELECTRICAL  MA- 
CHINE AND  JAR,  with  Instructions,  12s.  8d. 

MATHEMATICAL  DRAWING  IN- 
STRUMENTS, IN  CASES,  3s.  6d.,  6s.  Gel.,  and 
9s.  Sd. 

TELESCOPES,  IN  CASES,  9s. 

OPTICAL  (OR  MAGIC)  LANTHORN, 
AND  SLIDES,  with  Instructions,  9s. 

POLYORAMA  AND  VIEWS,  12s.  and 
17s.  6d. 

E.  G.  WOOD,  Optician,  and  Manufacturer  of 
Philosophical  Apparatus,  117.  Cheapside, 
London,  late  of  123.  Newgate  Street. 

See  Elementary  Scientific  Papers  on  the 
above  subjects  by  E.  G.  WOOD,  free  by  Post 
on  receipt  of  Postage  Stamp. 

Orders  by  Post,  containing  Remittances  or 
Reference  in  London,  promptly  attended  to. 


Second  Edition,  with  large  map,  price  5s., 
cloth  boards. 

PRIZE  ESSAY  ON  PORTU- 
GAL. By  JOSEPH  JAMES  FOR- 
RESTER, of  Oporto,  F.R.G.S.  of  London, 
Paris,  Berlin,  &c..  Author  of  "  Original  Sur- 
veys of  the  Port  Wine  Districts  ; "  of  the 
"  River  Douro  from  the  Ocean  to  the  Spanish 
Frontier  ; "  and  of  the  "  Geology  of  the  Bed 
and  Banks  of  the  Douro  ;  "  also  of  a  project  for 
the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  that 
river,  and  of  various  other  works  on  Portugal. 
JOHN  WEALE,  59.  High  Holborn. 


Just  out,  may  be  had  gratis  (by  Post,  for  One 
Stamp). 

p      SKEET'S     CATALOGUE, 

*  J»  Part  VII.,  containing  a  Selection  of 
Useful  and  Interesting  Books,  in  all  Classes  of 
Ancient  and  Modern  Literature,  at  moderate 
prices,  may  be  SEEN  APPENDED  to  the 
GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE  for  DE- 
CEMBER. 

10.  KING  WILLIAM  STREET,  STRAND. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

ft  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  descriptiSn  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


PENNETT'S       MODEL 

i>    WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GRE  AT  EX- 

HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities  ,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  11 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  «,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  M,  and  8  guinea*.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer.Gold, 
50  L'uineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  itsperformnnce 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  21.,  31.,  and  tl.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE, 


PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

1  each.  —  D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  26 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Poyal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  liner 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  loudoir.or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Hlew- 
Itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Her*,  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Has»5, 
J.  L.  Hatton.  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  Q.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osbome,  John 
Parry,  H.  Punof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault.  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Kodwell, 
E.  Rocket,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 


ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


DEC.  16.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

T^TJ     BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

\J  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headaches,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tie  douloureux,  faceache,  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  eough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  energy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spurious  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1X54.  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  ArabicaFood." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  o/50,000  Cures: 

Cure  No.  52.422  :  —  "  I  have  suffered  these 
thirty-three  years  continually  from  diseased 
lungs,  spitting  of  blood,  liver  derangement, 
deafness,  singing  in  the  ears,  constipation, 
debility,  shortness  of  breath  and  cough  ;  and 
during  that  period  taken  so  much  medicine, 
that  I  can  safely  say  I  have  laid  out  upwards 
of  a  thousand  pounds  with  the  chemists  and 
doctors.  I  have  actually  worn  out  two  medical 
men  during  my  ailments,  without  finding  any 
improvement  in  my  health.  Indeed  I  was  in 
utter  despair,  and  never  expected  to  get  over 
it,  when  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  become 
acquainted  with  your  Revalenta  Arabica  ; 
which,  Heaven  be  praised,  restored  me  to  a 
state  of  health  which  I  long  since  despaired  of 
attaining.  My  lungs,  liver,  stomach,  head, 
and  ears,  are  aU  right,  my  hearing  perfect,  and 
my  recovery  is  a  marvel  to  all  my  acquaint- 
ances. I  am,  respectfully, 

**  JAMES  ROBERTS. 

"  Bridgehouse,  Frimley,  April  3, 1854." 

No.  42,130.  Major-General  King,  cure  of  ge- 
neral debility  and  nervousness.  No.  32,1 10. 
Captain  Parker  D.  Bingham,  R.N.,  who  was 
cured  of  twenty-seven  years'  dyspepsia  in  six 
•weeks'  time.  Cure  No.  28,416.  Williaf  Hunt, 
Esq..  Barrister-at-Law,  sixty  years'  partial  pa- 
ralysis. No.  32,814.  Captain  Allen,  recording 
the  cure  of  a  lady  from  epileptic  fits.  No.  26,419. 
The  Rev.  Charles  Kerr.  a  cure  of  functional 
disorders.  No.  24,814.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Min- 
ster, cure  of  five  years'  nervousness,  with  spasms 
and  daily  vomitings.  No.  41,617.  Dr.  James 
Shorland,  late  surgeon  in  the  96th  Regiment, 
a  cure  of  dropsy. 

No.  52,418.  Dr.  Gries,  Magdeburg,  record- 
ing the  cure  of  his  wife  from  pulmonary  con- 
sumption, with  night  sweats  and  ulcerated 
lungs,  which  had  resisted  all  medicines,  and 
appeared  a  hopeless  case.  No.  52,421.  Dr.  Gat- 
tiker,  Zurich  ;  cure  of  cancer  of  the  stomach 
and  fearfully  distressing  vomitings,  habitual 
flatulency,  and  colic.  All  the  above  parties 
will  be  happy  to  answer  any  inquiries. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lib..  2«. 
9rf.;  2lb.,  is.  6d.  ;  5lb.,  lls. ;  12Ib.,22.«.  ;  super- 
refined,  lib.,  6s.  ;  21b.,  lls.  ;  5lb.,  22s.  ;  lOlb., 
33*.  The  lOlb.  and  12lb.  carriage  free,  on  post- 
office  order.  Barry,  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77. 
Regent  Street,  London  ;  Fortnum,  Mason,  & 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
also  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street ;  330.  Strand  ;  of 
Barclay,  Edwards,  Sutton,  Sanger,  Hannay, 
Newberry,  and  may  be  ordered  through  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers,  Grocers,  and  Chemists. 


ESTABLISHED  1803. 

CAPITAL:  — ONE  MILLION  STERLING. 
All  Paid-  Up  and  Invested  in  1806. 

G-3-OBE      I  H  S  U  R, /L  If  C  E , 

J.  W.  FRESHFEELD,  Esq. :  M.P. :  F.R.S.  —  Chaii-man. 
FOWLER  NEWSAM,  Esq — Deputy  Chairman. 
GEORGE  CARR  GLYN,  Esq. :  M.P Treasurer. 

FIRE  :  LIFE  :  ANNUITIES  :  REVERSIONS. 

CORHHILL  $  PALL  MALL  — LONDON. 
Empowered  by  Special  Acts  of  Parliament. 

T  IFE  INSURANCES  granted  from  Fifty  to  Ten  Thousand  Pounds,  at  Rates  particularlr 
i.  j  favourable  to  the  Younger  and  Middle  periods  of  Life. 

No  CHARGE  FOR  STAMP  DUTIES  ON  LIFE  POLICIES. 

Every  class  of  FIRE  and  LIFE  Insurance  transacted. 

MEDICAL  FEES  generally  paid. 

PROSPECTUSES,  —  with  Life  Tables,  on  various  plans,— may  be  had  at  the  Offices  :  and  of  any 
of  the  Agents. 

WILLIAM  NEWMARCH, 
Secretary. 


TMPERIAL    LIFE    INSU- 

JL  BANCE  COMPANY. 

1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 
Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  HTBBERT,  ESQ.,  Chairman. 
WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Deputy- 
Chairman. 

The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  500?.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  50?.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  t^rm  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —  Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750,000?.,  of  which  nearly 
140,0007.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement  i 
On  the  31st  October,  1853,  the  snms 

Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 

amounted  to  -  -  -  -  -  £2,500,000 
The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -  800,000 
And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 

same  source,  to      -  109,000 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  INOALL,  Actuary. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quiiitee,  Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  tree  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  ana  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  *  M.  West  Strand. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 


H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  8.  Cocks.Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbridge,E»<i. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


Trustees. 

W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  GeorgeDrew.Eaq.; 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician — William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers. — Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co.. 
Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 
POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ins:  a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100?..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits : 


Age 
17- 


£  >.  d.  i  Age 

-  1   14     4  I     32- 

-  1  18    81    37- 

-  2    4    5  I     42  - 


£  i.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 

ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10».  M.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions.  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


MODERATEUR  LAMPS.  — 
EVANS,  SONS,  &  CO.,  respectfully  in- 
vite their  friends  and  the  public  to  an  in- 
spection of  the  extensive  and  beautiful  STOCK 
of  these  much-artmired  LAMPS,  just  received 
from  Paris,  embracing  all  recent  improvements, 
in  bronze,  or-moulu,  crystal,  alabaster,  and 
porcelain,  of  various  elesant  designs,  suitable 
for  the  cottage  or  mansion.  Show  Rooms, 
33.  KING  WILLIAM  STREET,  LONDON 
BRIDGE. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  268. 


THE   GIFT  BOOK. 

In  4to.,  beautifully  printed,  and  handsomely  bound  in  cloth,  gilt  edges,  price  II.  lls. erf. ; 
morocco,  2i.  8s. ;  in  morocco,  by  Hayday,  21.  12s.  6d. 

TTJPPER'S  PROVERBIAL  PHILOSOPHY 

ILLUSTKATED. 


The  Designs  by 


C.  W.  Cope,  R.A. 

Fred.  R.  Piekersgill,  A.R.A. 

John  Tenniel. 

Edward  H.  Corbould. 

George  Dodgson. 


Edward  Duncan. 
Birket  Foster. 
John  Gilbert. 
James  Godwin. 
William  Harvey. 

The  Ornamental  Initials  and  Vignettes  by  HENRY  NOEL  HUMPHREYS. 
London  :  THOMAS  HATCHARD,  Piccadilly  j  and  of  any  Bookseller. 


J.  C.  Horsley. 
William  L.Leitch. 
Joseph  Severn. 
Walter  Severn. 


ELEGANT  GIFT  BOOK  FOR  THE 

SEASON. 

Now  ready,  crown  4to.,  with  Forty-five  Illus- 
trations, and  Portrait  of  Layard,  5s. ;  by  post, 
6s. 

XTINEVEH    and    its     RUINS; 

JLl  or,  the  HISTORY  OF  THE  GREAT 
CITY.  By  the  REV.  R.  FERGUSON,  LL.D., 
F.S.A.,  Member  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy, 
ie. 

London  :  PARTRIDGE,  OAKEY  &  CO., 
Paternoster  Row. 

PETER  PARLEY'S  TALES  ABOUT  EU- 
ROPE, ASIA,  &c.  In  One  large  Pocket 
Volume,  embellished  with  numerous  Illus- 
trations and  Maps  engraved  on  Steel,  a  New 
Edition,  with  great  Additions,  price  5s.  in 
cloth,  and  gilt  edges. 

PETER   PARLEY'S   TALES 

ABOUT  EUROPE,   ASIA,   AFRICA, 
AMERICA,  AND  OCEANIA. 

»**  "  The  design  of  this  work  is  to  convey, 
by  conversational  remarks,  a  knowledge  of 
Geography  and  History  :  it  is  interspersed  with 
personal  adventures,  and  adapted  to  the  taste 
tnd  knowledge  of  children.  The  author  never 
fails  to  win  attention  and  raise  curiosity  ;  he 
then  uses  such  familiar  terms  in  gratifying  it, 
that  the  rudiments  of  Geography  are  insen- 
sibly impressed  on  the  mind,  and  science  is 
rendered  a  pleasing  study." 

London  :  WILLIAM  TEGG  &  CO., 
85.  Queen  Street,  Cheapside. 

PARLEY'S  GEOGRAPHY.    In 

JL  One  Volume,  illustrated  with  numerous 
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price,  bound  in  cloth.  3s.  6d.,  A  GRAMMAR 
OF  MODERN  GEOGRAPHY,  by  PETER 
PARLEY,  Author  of  "  Tales  about  Europe, 
Asia,"  &c. 


London  :  WILLIAM  TEGG  &  CO., 
85.  Queen  Street,  Cheapside. 


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12mo.,  price  4s.  6tf. 

ON   THE    STUDY   OF   LAN- 
GUAGE:  an  Exposition  of  "Tonke's 
Diversions     of     Purley."      By     CHARLES 
RICHARDSOV,   LL.  D.,  Author  of  a  New 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Language. 

"  What  an  epoch  in  many  a  student's  intel- 
lectual life  has  been  his  first  acquaintances 
with  the  '  Diversions  of  Purley."'—  Trench  on 
the  Study  of  Words. 

GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


The  Works  of  Art  and  Productions  of  that 
Eminent  Artist,  JOSEPH  NASH,  Esq. 

OOUTHGATE    &    BARRETT 

O  be?  to  announce  that  they  have  received 
instructions  to  submit  to  public  competition, 
at  their  Rooms,  22.  Fleet  Street,  on  TUESDAY, 
DECEMBER  19,  at  1,  an  Extensive  Collection 
of  CHOICE  WATER-COLOUR  DRAW- 
INGS, ANTIQUE  FURNITURE,  AR- 
MOUR. TAPESTRY,  &c.,  the  Property  of 
JOSEPH  NASH,  ESQ. 

Most  of  the  Drawings  are  in  his  happiest 
style,  and  the  equipment  of  the  Studio  is  worthy 
the  attention  of  all  lovers  of  Relics  and  Furni- 
ture illustrative  of  the  Olden  Time  :  also 
several  First-Class  Paintings  by  Sir  David 
Wilkie,  Watteau,  &c. 

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FOE 

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No.  269.] 


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CONTENTS. 

NOTES  : _  Page 

Notes  on  Editions  of  "  The  Dunciad  "  -  497 
Legends  and  Superstitions  respecting 

Bees 498 

An  Old-world  Village  and  its  Christmas 

Folk  Lore,  by  V.  T.  Sternberg  -  501 

Stonyhurst  Buck-hunt  -  -  -  503 

"FOLK  I/ORE  :  —  The  crooked  Sixpence  — 
Cure  for  the  Toothache  -  -  505 

Women's  Rights     -          -          -          -    505 
Xegend  of  the  County  Clare,  by  Francis 
Robert  Da  vies      -          -          -          -    506 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  John  Woolman  —  The 
Poverty  of  Literary  Men  —  Swallows 
as  Letter-carriers —  Cat— "Fade"  — 
Climate  of  the  Crimea  -  -  -  505 


QUERIES:  — 
The  Last  Jacobites 


-    507 


MIKOR  QUERIES  :  —  First  Fruits  and 
Tenths  —  Rose-trees  —  Authority  of 
Aristotle—  Sandbanks—  "  Bell-childe  " 
—  Ballard's  "  Century  of  Celebrated 
Women  "  —  Rose  of  Sharon—  Ghosts  — 
St.  Pancras  —  Serpent's  Egg  —  Burial 
of  wounded  Regimental  Colours  — 
King  Dagobert's  Revenge—  Druidical 
Remains  in  Warwicksliire  —  Brass  in 
St.  Helen's,  Bishopsgate  -  -  508 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Saville  of  Oakhampton  _  Historical 
Work  —  The  Plague  —  Seller's  His- 
tory of  England  -  -  -  508 


The  Emperor  of  Morocco  pensioned  by 
England  -  -  -  -  -  510 

Did  the  Greek  Surgeons  extract 
Teeth  ?  by  George  Hayes  -  -  510 

Military  Titles,  by  Archdeacon  Cotton, 
&C.  ......  511 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Mr. 
Lyte  on  the  Collodion  Process  —  Spots 
on  Collodion  Negatives  -  -  -  511 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  The  first 
English  Envoy  to  Russia  —  Latin 
Poetry—  Beech-trees  struck  by  Light- 
ning —  Kyrie  Eleison  —  Epitaph  — 
"  Emsdorff's  fame  "  —  General  Prim 
—  Two  Brothers  with  the  same  Chris- 
tian Name  —  "  Chare  "  or  "  Char  "  — 
St.  Tellant  —  Etiquette  Query  —  Books 
to  be  reprinted  —  Remarkable  and  au- 
thentic Prophecy  —  Alefounders  —  Ar- 
chaic Words  —  St.  George's,  Hanover 
Square  —  Door-head  Inscriptions  — 
South's  Sermons  —  The  Inquisition  — 
Earthenware  Vessels  found  at  Foun- 
tains Abbey  -  -  -  -  512 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &e.          -          -          -    516 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


VOL.  X — No.  269. 


Mult*  terricolis  lingua;,  ccclestibus  una. 

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AND  SONS' 

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gical  and  Celtic  Society. 

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or,  Legends   of  the  West.    By  MRS. 
BRAY,  Author  of  "  The  Life  of  Stothard," 
&c. 

"  A  peep  at  the  actual  Pixies  of  Devonshire, 
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exquisite  feeling  for  nature,  and  her  real  de- 
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Journal. 
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Library,  corner  of  St.  Paul's  Churchyard. 


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morocco  antique. 

THE    VICAR    OF    WAKE- 

L    FIELD  :  A  Tale.    By  OLIVER  GOLD- 
SMITH. 

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predecessor  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  of  Messrs. 
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gether it  is  as  pretty  an  edition  of  the  '  Vicar ' 
as  we  have  seen."  —  Art  Journal. 
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BERY  &  HARRIS,  corner  of  St.  Paul's 

Churchyard. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


50,000  CUKES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

T\U    BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

1J  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bijious- 
ness  and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervons  headache?,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  Dart 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceaehe.  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  cough,  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  inf  i  nts  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  ocid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  interferes  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscularenergy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  I"  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  arid  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION  against  the  fearful 
dangers  of  spuri*  us  imitations  :  —  The  "Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an  Injunction  on  March  10,  1854.  against 
Alfred  Hooper  Nevill.  for  imitating  "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 

BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  0/50,000  Cures: 

No.  51,482  :  Dr.  Wurzer.  "  It  is  particularly 
useful  in  confined  habit  of  body,  as  also  in 
diarrhoea,  bowel  complaints,  affections  of  the 
kidneys  and  bladder,  such  as  stone  or  gravel ; 
inflammatory  irritation  and  cramp  of  the 
urethra,  cramp  of  thekidnevs  and  bladder,  and 
haemorrhoids.  Alsoin  bronchial  and  pulmonary 
complaints,  where  irritation  and  pair,  are  to  be 
removed,  and  in  pulmonary  and  bronchial 
consumption,  in  which  it  counteracts  effectu- 
ally the  troublesome  cough  ;  and  I  am  enabled 
with  perfect  truth  to  express  the  conviction 
that  Du  Barry's  Re valenta  AraHca  is  adapted 
to  the  cure  of  incipient  hectic  complaints  and 
consumption."  —  Dn.Rtrr>.  WORZER,  Counsel 
of  Medicine  and  practical  M.D.  in  Bonn. 

Cure  No.  47,121  :_"Miss  Elizabeth  Jacobs, 
Of  Nazing  Vicarage,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts  : 
a  cure  of  extreme  nervousness,  indigestion 
gatherings,  low  spirits,  and  nervous  fancies." 

Cure  No.  3906  :  _  "  Thirteen  years'  cough, 
indigestion,  and  general  debility,  have  been 
removed  by  Du  Barry's  excellent  Revalenta 
Arabica  Food."— JAMES  PORTER,  Athol  Street, 
Perth. 

Cure  48,615:  — "For  the  last  ten  years  I 
have  been  suffering  from  dyspepsia,  headaches, 
nervousness,  low  spirits,  sleeplessness,  and  de- 
lusions, and  swallowed  an  incredible  amount 
of  medicine  without  relief.  I  am  happy  to  say 
that  your  food  has  cured  rre,  and  I  am  now 
enjoying  better  health  than  I  have  had  for 
many  years  past."  — J.  S.  NEWTON,  Plymouth, 
May  9th,  1861. 

No.  37,403,  Samuel  Laxton.  Esq.,  a  cure  of 
two  years'  diarrhoea.  Mr.  William  Mar' in,  a 
cure  of  eight  years'  daily  vomiting.  Rich:ird 
Willoughby,  Esq.,  a  cure  of  many  years'  bi- 
liousness. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
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refined,  lib.,  6s.  ;  Zlb..  lls.  ;  5lb.,  22s.  :  lOlb., 
3a«.  The  lOlb.  and  12lb  carriage  free,  <n  post- 
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also  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street  :  330.  Strand  ;  of 
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Just  published. 

PRACTICAL      PHOTOGRA- 

J  PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 
I  containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Light,  including  the  COLLODION,  AL- 
BT1  MEN.  WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  6<i. 

Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

VV  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
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Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
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Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

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BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photosrra- 
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The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
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»**  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
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PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

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Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
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PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

I  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
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having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO..  have  great  pleasure  in  hearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  ini possible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  r  cher  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  houdoir,  or  drawing- room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Hlew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison.  H.F.  Mass.1, 
J.  L.  Hatton.  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes. 
W.  Kuhe,  O.  F.  Kiallmark,  E  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Oshorne,  John 
Parry, H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault.  I  rank  Romer.  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rocket,  Sims  Reeves.  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright. '  Stc. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


PHOTOGRAPHS. 

NOVELTY  FOR  CHRISTMAS. 

Early  in  DECEMBER  will  be  published, 

"ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  SCRIP- 

l    TURE   by   AN   ANIMAL  PAINTER. 

With  Notes  by  a  NATURALIST.  Twenty 
Photographs,  after  Drawings  by  J.  B.  Imp. 
4to.  Price  21.  2s. 

Testimony  of  Sir  Edurin  Landseer. 
"  If  any  praise  from  me  can  add  to  the  popu- 
larity of  this  charming  work,  I  have  great 
pleasure  in  repeating  my  sincere  admiration 
For  its  extreme  originality  of  conception  and 
admirable  accuracy  ot  knowledge  of  the  crea- 
tures delineated.  Having  studied  animals 
during  my  whole  life,  perhaps  my  testimony 
as  to  the  truth  of  the  artist's  treatment  of  the 
Scriptural  Illustrations  may  have  some  in- 
fluence." 

Edinburgh  :  THOMAS  CONSTABLE  &  CO. 

London  :  HAMILTON,  ADAMS,  &  CO., 

and  ACKERMANN  &  CO. 

Dublin:   J.  M'GLASHAN. 


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THE  STEREOSCOPE,  with  VIEWS  and 
Instructions,  7s.  6d.  and  10s.  6d. 

ELEMENTARY  ELECTRICAL  MA- 
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MATHEMATICAL  DRAWING  IN- 
STRUMENTS, IN  CASES,  3s.  6d.,  6s.  6d.,  and 

D».  a& 

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OPTICAL  (OR  MAGIC)  LANTHORN, 
AND  SLIDES,  with  Instructions,  9s. 

POLYORAMA  AND  VTEWS,  12s.  and 
17s.  6d. 

E.  G.  WOOD,  Optician,  and  Manufacturer  of 
Philosophical    Apparatus,     117.    Cheapside, 
London,  late  of  123.  Newgate  Street. 
See   Elementary   Scientific   Papers   on   the 

above  subjects  by  E.  G.  WOOD,  free  by  Post 

on  receipt  of  Postage  Stamp. 
Orders  by  Post,  containing  Remittances  or 

Reference  in  London,  promptly  attended  to. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

I  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art. — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


THE   IODIZED  COLLODION 
manufactured  by  3.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO., 

289.  Strand.  London,  is  still  unrivalled  for 
SENSITIVENESS  and  DENSITY  OF  NE- 
GATIVE ;  it  excels  all  others  in  its  keeping 
qualities  and  uniformity  of  constitution. 

Albumenized  Paper,  171  by  II,  5s.  per  quire. 
Ditto,  Waxed.  7s.,  of  very  superior  quality. 
Double  Achromatic  Lenses  EQUAL  IN  ALL 
POINTS  to  those  of  any  other  Manufacturer  : 
Quarter  Plate,  2/.  2s.  ;  Half  Plate,  a. ;  Whole, 
10Z.  Apparatus  and  Pure  Chemicals  of  all 
Descriptions. 

Just  published, 

PRACTICAL      HINTS     ON 

PHOTOGRAPHY,  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN.  Third 
Edition.  Price  Is. ;  per  Post,  Is.  4d. 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  23,  1854. 


ftatt*. 

NOTES    ON   EDITIONS    OF    "  THE    DUNCIAD." 

(Continued  from  p.  478.) 

The  editions  already  noticed  are  of  the  date 
1728,  and,  as  it  will  have  been  observed,  are 
neither  of  them  "  Variorum,  or  with  the  Prolego- 
mena of  Sci  iblerus." 

As  far  as  can  yet  be  ascertained,  the  first  in 
which  these  additions  were  made  to  the  poem  is 
the  following  quarto,  which  certainly  preceded  the 
octavos  published  in  the  same  year  (1729)  by 
A.  Dob,  Lawton,  Gilliver,  and  A.  Dod. 

This  is  shown  by  the  Addenda  in  Dob's  octavo 
edition,  to  which  we  shall  presently  refer,  and 
which  are  not  only  addenda  to  that,  but  also  to 
the  Dod's  quarto.  This  we  shall  now  describe. 

The  title-page,  which  is  engraved,  is  — 

(F  )  THE  DUNCIAD,  VARIORUM.  WITH  THE  PRO- 
LEGOMENA OF  SCRIBLERUS.  LONDON,  PRINTED 
FOR  A.  DOD,  1729. 

In  the  centre  is  a  vignette  of  an  ass  chewing 
thistles,  and  laden  with  a  pile  of  books,  on  the  top 
of  which  an  owl  is  perched.  The  books  are 
marked,  Welsted.  Po. ;  Ward's  Works ;  Dennis's 
Works ;  Tibbald  Plays ;  Oldmixon ;  HaywoocCs 
Nov. ;  Court  of  Cariman.  The  books  are  resting 
on  loose  papers,  severally  marked  Pasquin ;  Misfs 
Journal ;  British  Journal ;  London  Journal ;  Daily 
Jour. ;  while  others  marked  Baker's  Jour,  and 
Flying  Post  are  scattered  on  the  ground.  Along 
the  left  side  of  the  vignette,  running  upwards,  is 
engraved  "  DEFEROR  IN  VICUM,"  and  on  the  right 
"  VENDENTEM  THUS  ET  ODORES." 

On  p.  1.  is  the  enumeration  of  pieces  contained 
in  this  Book.     It  is  as  follows,  and  it  will,  perhaps, 
be  convenient  to  add  to  each  article  the  space  it 
occupies  in  the  volume. 
The  Publisher's  Advertisement. 

This  occupies  pp.  3,  4. 

A  Letter  to  the  Publisher,  occasioned  by  the  present 
Edition  of  "  The  Dwiciad.'" 

This,  which  is  signed  "  William  Cleland," 
commences  on  p.  5.,  and  ends  on  p.  15. 

It  is  followed  on  p.  16.  by  the  quotation 

from   Dennis,   Gildon,  Theobald,    and   Con- 

canen,  by  which  it  is  followed  in  all  the  sub- 

•  sequent  editions. 

The  Prolegomena  of  Martinus  Scriblerus. 

This  commences  after  a  bastard  title,  with 
the  verso  blank  on  p.  1.  of  a  new  series  of 
paging  — 
Testimonies  of  Authors,  concerning  our  Poet  ana 

his  Works,  which  ends  on  p.  21. 
A  Dissertation  of  the  Poem. 

Commences  on  p.  22.,  and  occupies  the  four 
following  pages. 


Dunciados  Periocha,  or  Arguments  to  the  Books, 

fills  pp.  27,  28,  29. 
The  Dunciad  in  Three  Books. 
Notes  Variorum ;  being  the  Scholia  of  the  learned 
M.  Scriblerus  and  Others,  with  the  Adversaria 
of  John  Dennis,  Lewis  Theobald,  Edmund  Curl, 
the  Journalists,  frc. 

Here  another  paging  begins  (after  a  bastard 
title),  p.  1.  being  ornamented  with  an  engrav- 
ing representing  in  the  centre  an  owl's  head, 
with  a  fool's  cap  and  bells  between  two  asses' 
heads ;  and  with  the  motto  on  a  label — "  Nemo 
me  impune  lacessit."  Book  the  First  ends  on 
p.  22.  Book  the  Second  commences  on  p.  23., 
and  concludes  on  p.  53.  Book  the  Thir'd 
commences  on  p.  54.,  and  ends  on  p.  79. 
These  Books  are  followed  by  M.  Scriblerus 
Lectori,  a  List  of  Errata  which  occupies  p.  81. ; 
but  is  not  noticed  in  the  Table  of  Contents. 
Index  of  Persons  celebrated  in  the  Poem,  pp.  82,  83. 
Index  of  Things  (including  Authors)  to  be  found 

in  the  Notes,  p.  84. 
Appendix. 

This  is  ushered  in,  on   the  verso   of  the 
bastard  title,  i.  e.  p.  86.,  with  a  List  of  Pieces 
contained  in  the  Appendix.      We   shall  give 
them,  specifying,  as  in  the  preceding  case,  the 
space  occupied  by  each  article. 
Preface    of  the    Publisher,  prefixed    to    the  five 
imperfect  Editions  of  "  The  Dunciad"  printed  at 
Dublin  and  London. 

This  occupies  pp.  87 — 90.  both  inclusive. 
A  List  of  Boohs,  Papers,  8fc.,  in  which  our  Author 
was  abused;    with  the  Names  of  the    (hitherto 
concealed)  Writers,  pp.  91 — 94. 
William  Caxton,  his  Proeme  toEneidos,  pp.  95 — 98. 
Virgil  Restored :  or  a  Specimen  of  the  Errors  in 
all  the  Editions  of  the  ^Eneid,  by  M.  Scriblerus, 
pp.  99—103. 

A  Continuation  of  the  Guardian  (No.  40.)  on  Pas- 
toral Poetry,  pp.  104 — 111. 

A  Parallel  of  the  Characters  of  Mr.  Dry  den  and 
Mr.  Pope,  as  drawn  by  certain  of  their  Contem- 
porary Authors,  pp.  112 — 117. 
A  List  of  all  the  Author's  Genuine  Works  hitherto 

published,  p.  118. 

Index  of  Memorable  Things  in  this  Book,  pp.  cxix 
— cxxiv. 

In  one  copy  which  we  have  seen,  this  Index  is 
followed  on  the  opposite  page  by  Addenda.  M. 
Scriblerus  Lectori,  which  consist  of  twelve  lines, 
correcting  errors  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  intro- 
duced into  the  Virgilius  Restauratus. 

We  have  entered  into  this  minute  description 
of  the  present  edition,  because  it  is  unquestion- 
ably the  first  complete  edition ;  and  also  because, 
with  few  exceptions,  the  pieces  of  which  it  is  com- 
posed occur  in  all  the  subsequent  ones,  though 
sometimes  varied  both  in  length  and  arrangement. 
We  believe  this  to  be  the  only  quarto  pub- 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


lished  in  1729,  for  we  have  seen  many  copies  of 
it,  and  have  not  seen  or  heard  of  a  copy  of  a 
quarto  published  in  that  year  that  does  not  pro- 
fess to  be  printed  for  A.  Dod,  Yet  the  following 
advertisement  appears  in  the  Monthly  Chronicle 
for  April,  1729.  Whether  such  a  quarto  was  ever 
issued,  or  whether  it  was  originally  intended  that 
the  one  we  have  described  should  have  been  pub- 
lished by  Gilliver,  we  must  leave  to  future  in- 
quirers to  determine. 

"A  compleat  and  correct  edition  of  THE  DUNCIAD, 
with  the  Prolegomena,  Dissertations,  and  Arguments  of 
Martinus  Scriblerus,  Testimonia  Scriptorum,  Notae  Va- 
riorum, Index  Auctorum,  Appendix  of  some  curious 
pieces,  Virgil  Restor'd,  or  a  Specimen  for  a  new  edition 
of  that  poet,  a  parallel  of  Mr.  Dryden  and  Mr.  Pope,  &c. 
Wherein  the  errors  of  all  the  former  editions  are  cor- 
rected, the  omissions  supplied,  the  name  rectify'd,  and 
the  reasons  for  their  insertion  given:  the  History  of 
Authors  related,  and  the  Anonymous  detected,  the  ob- 
scure passages  illustrated,  and  the  imitations  and  allusions 
to  modern  poets  collected.  With  a  Letter  to  the  Pub- 
lisher. By  W.  C.  Esq.  Printed  for  L.  Gilliver  in  Fleet 
Street,  4to.,  price  6s.  Qd." 

(G.)      THE     DUNCIAD,     VARIOKUM.        WITH     THE 

PROLEGOMENA  OF  SCRIBLERUS.  Then  a  vignette 
of  the  ass  —  an  exact  copy  of  that  in  the  4to.  — 
with  the  words  DEFEROR  IN  VICUM  VENDENTEM 
THUS  ET  ODORES,  at  the  bottom.  LONDON,  PRINTED 

FOR   A.  DOB.       1729.      8VO. 

This  is  in  all  probability  the  first  8vo.  variorum 
edition.  We  had,  at  first,  very  little  doubt  that 
the  poem  itself  had  been  actually  printed  from 
the  same  types  as  the  Dod  4to.,  1729,  just  de- 
scribed, since,  although  many  of  the  errors  of  the 
4to.  have  been  corrected  in  the  8vo.,  others  re- 
main. 

Thus  both  the  4to.  and  8vo.  read,  book  i.  1.  6. : 

"  Still  Dunce  second  reigns  like  Dunce  the  first." 

the  word  the  before  second  being  omitted  in  both. 
Book  i.  1. 38.  reads : 

"  Of  Curl's  chaste  press,  and  Lintot's  rubric's  post." 

instead  of  "  rubric  post." 

But  as  these  and  others  are  described  as  errors 
in  the  address  "  M.  Scriblerus  Lectori,"  both  in 
the  4to.  and  8vo.  editions  —  it  may  be  said  they 
were  intentional  and  prove  nothing,  —  we  must 
therefore  point  to  two  literal  errors,  which  at  all 
events  serve  to  confirm  the  impression  made  upon 
us  by  our  first  examination  of  the  type,  namely, 
that  the  text  has  in  both  cases  been  printed  from 
the  same  type.  Thus  book  ii.  1.  339.  is  in  both 
editions  printed,  — 

"  My  Henley's  periods,  or  my  Blackmore's  numbers," 

the  en  being  in  Italics.  And  book  iii.  1.  342.  being 
again  in  both  cases,  — 

"  The  sickening  stars  fade  off  the  a'  thereal  plain." 
the  "  a'th  "  instead  of  "  th'  sethereal." 


To  compress  the  text  of  the  4to.,  by  the  re- 
moval of  whites  and  spaces,  into  the  8vo.,  was  very 
easy,  and  we  were  originally  of  opinion  that  it  had 
been  so.  But  although  the  work  was  probably 
from  the  same  fount  of  type,  it  is  the  opinion  of 
practical  printers  whom  we  have  consulted,  that  it 
has  actually  been  recomposed,  and  that  the  coin- 
cident blunders  are  the  result  of  strictly  follow- 
ing copy. 

A  certain  ground,  however,  for  believing  that 
this  was  the  first  variorum  8vo.  is  furnished  by 
a  leaf  of  errata  which  it  contains,  and  which  is 
thus  headed : 

"Addenda  to  the  Octavo  Edition  of  the  Dunciad,  printed 
for  A.  Dob  {Price  Two  Shillings),  which  have  been  pub- 
lish'd  in  the  News-Papers  as  Defects  and  Errors,  but  were 
really  wanting  in  the  Quarto  Edition  it  self,  and  have  only 
been  added  to  another  Edition  in  Octavo,  printed  for  Gil- 
liver,  for  which  he  charges  the  Publick  Three  Shillings. 
Edition  printed  for  A.  Dob." 

And  these  Addenda  are   accordingly  all  to   be 
found  in  Gilliver's  and  Dod's  octavos. 

Lastly,  it  may  be  noticed  that  in  the  various 
pieces  contained  in  this  volume,  and  the  order  in 
which  they  follow  each  other,  it  corresponds  ex- 
actly with  the  Dod  4to. 

(To  be  concluded  in  our  next.) 


LEGENDS    AND    SUPERSTITIONS    RESPECTING    BEES. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  ix.,  p.  167.) 

Since  writing  my  last  Note,  I  have  met  with 
two  curious  books  which  furnish  exact  parallels  to 
MR.  HAWKER'S  Cornish  Legend.  The  first  is  en- 
titled — 

"THE  SCHOOL  OF  THE  EUCHARIST  Established  upon 
the  Miraculous  Respects  and  Acknowledgments  which 
Beasts,  Birds,  and  Insects,  upon  several  occasions,  have 

rendered  to  the  Holy  Sacrament  of  the  Altar By 

F.  Toussain  Bridoul,  of  the  Society  of  Jesus.  Printed 
in  French  at  Lille,  1672 ;  and  now  made  English,  and 

published The  Second  Edition Loud.  1687, 

pp.  45,  8vo." 

This  book  consists  of  a  series  of  extracts  in  alpha- 
betical order  from  various  writers  ;  it  commences 
with  — 

"A. 
Abeilles,  Bees. 

"  1.  Bees  honour  the  H.  Host  divers  ways,  by  lifting  it 
from  the  earth,  and  carrying  it  in  their  hives  as  it  were 
in  procession. 

"  A  certain  peasant  of  Auvergne,  a  province  in  France, 
perceiving  that  his  Bees  were  likely  to  die,  to  prevent  this 
misfortune,  was  advised,  after  he  had  received  the  Com- 
munion, to  reserve  the  Host,  and  to  blow  it  into  one  of 
his  hives.  As  he  tried  to  do  it  the  Host  fell  on  the 
ground.  Behold  now  a  wonder !  On  a  sudden  all  the 
Bees  came  forth  out  of  their  hives,  and  ranging  them- 
selves in  good  order,  lifted  the  Host  from  the  ground, 
and  carrying  it  in  upon  their  wings,  placed  it  among  the 
combes.  After  this  the  man  went  out  about  his  business, 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


499 


and  at  his  return  found  that  this  advice  had  succeeded  ill, 

for  all  his  Bees  were  dead "  —  Pet.  Cluniac,  lib.  i. 

cap.  i. 

The  other  book  to  which  I  alluded  is  entitled  — 

"THE  FEMININ'  MONAKCHI',  OR  THE  HISTORI  OF 
BEES:  shewing 

Their  admirable  Xatur'  and  Propertis ; 
Their  Generation  and  Colonis ; 
Their  Government,  Loyalti,  Art,  Industri ; 
Enimi's,  Wars,  Magnanimiti,  &c. 

Together  with  the  right  Ordering  of  them  from  tim'  to 
tim',  and  the  sweet  profit  arising  ther'of.  Written  out  of 
Experienc',  by  Charls  Butler,  Magd  .  .  .  Oxford,  printed 
by  William  Turner  for  cte  Author.  MDCXXXIV.  pp.  182, 
sm.  4to."  * 

In  it  occur  the  following  Legends  : 

"  A  strange  tale  concerning  the  Knowledge  and  Devo- 
tion of  Bees : 

"  A  certain  woman  having  some  stalls  of  Bees  which 
yielded  not  unto  her  her  desired  profit,  but  did  consume 
and  die  of  the  murrain,  made  her  moan  to  another  woman 
more  simple  than  herself,  who  gave  her  counsell  to  get  a 
Consecrated  Host  and  put  it  among  them.  According  to 
•whose  advice  she  went  to  the  priest  to  receive  the  Host ; 
•which  when  she  had  done  she  kept  it  in  her  mouth,  and 
being  come  home  again,  she  took  it  out  and  put  it  into 
one  of  her  hives;  whereupon  the  murrain  ceased,  and  the 
honey  abounded.  The  woman  therefore  lifting  up  the 
hive  at  the  due  time,  to  take  out  the  honey,  saw  there 
(most  strange  to  be  seen)  a  Chappel  built  by  the  Bees, 
with  an  Altar  in  it,  the  walls  adorned  by  marveilous  skill 
of  architecture,  with  windows  conveniently  set  in  their 
places;  also  a  door  and  a  steeple  with  bells.  And  the 
Host  being  laid  upon  the  Altar,  the  Bees  making  a  sweet 
noyse,  flew  round  about  it.  Cum  mulier  qusedam  sim- 
plicis  ingenii,  nonnulla  Apum  alvearia  possideret  . . .  .," 
&c. — Bozius  De  Signis  Ecdesia,  lib.  xiv.  c.  iii. 

Another  Legend,  which  our  author  gives  on  the 
same  authority,  I  subjoin  in  the  original : 

"  Quidam  fures,  ut  argenteum  vasculum  in  quo  condita 
erat  Eucharistia,  auferrent,  et  ilium  secum  rapuerunt: 
Sacratissimum  vero  Christi  Corpus  sub  alveari  projece- 
runt.  Post  aliquot  dies  dominus  alvearis  videt  Apes 
certis  horis  sa?pius,  demissis  operis  ad  cibos  convehendos, 
totos  esse  in  quodam  mellifluo  concentu  edendo.  Cumque 
forte  de  media  nocte  exsurrexisset,  conspicatur  supra  al- 
veare  illustrissimam  lucem,  suavissimeque  praeter  omnem 
modum  modulantes  Apes.  Rei  novitate  inusitata,  et 
prorsus  admiranda  perculsus,  Deique  monitu  intimo  agi- 
tatus,  rem  defert  ad  Episcopum.  Is  plurimis  secum 
assumptis,  eo  se  conferens,  aperto  alveari,  videt  Vasculum 
elegantissimum,  effectum  e  candidissima  cera  prope  al- 
vearis fastigium,  in  quo  reposita  erat  Eucharistia :  circa 
illud  chores  apum  circumsonantes,  et  excubias  agentes. 
Acceptum  igitur  Episcopus  Sacramentum,  maximo  cum 
honore  in  templum  reportavit :  quo  rnulti  accedentes  ab 
innumeris  sunt  morbis  curati." 

Both  these  Legends  are  given  in  Father  Bridoul's 


*  The  third  edition.  The  first  was  published  at  Oxford, 
1609,  8vo. ;  the  second,  London,  1623,  4to.  It  was  after- 
ward translated  into  Latin.  This  book  is  very  unpleasant 
to  the  eye,  as  the  reverend  author  thought  fit  to  adopt  a 
new  style  of  orthography,  similar  to  the  phonetic  system 
recently  attempted.  This  he  developed  in  The  English 
Grammar,  Oxford,  1633  and  1634,  4to. 


book :  the  first  being  quoted  from  Ccesarius,  lib.  ix. 
cap.  viii.,  and  the  second  from  Cantiprat,  lib.  u. 
cap.  xl.  sec.  1. 

The  fourth  Legend  in  The  School  of  the  Eu- 
charist is  as  follows : 

"  A  peasant  swayed  by  a  covetous  mind,  being  com- 
municated on  Easter-Day,  received  the  Host  in  his 
mouth,  and  afterwards  laid  it  among  his  Bees,  believing 
that  all  the  Bees  of  the  neighbourhood  would  come  thither 
to  work  their  wax  and  honey.  This  covetous,  impious 
wretch  was  not  wholly  disappointed  of  his  hopes ;  for  all 
his  neighbours'  Bees  came  indeed  to  his  hives,  but  not  to 
make  honey,  but  to  render  there  the  honours  due  to  the 
Creator.  The  issue  of  their  arrival  was  that  they  melo- 
diously sang  to  Him  songs  of  praise  as  they  were  able ;  - 
after  that  they  built  a  little  Church  with  their  wax  from 
the  foundations  to  the  roof,  divided  into  three  rooms,  sus- 
tained by  pillars,  with  their  bases  and  chapiters.  They 
had  there  also  an  Altar,  upon  which  they  had  laid  the 
precious  Body  of  our  Lord,  and  flew  round  about  it,  con- 
tinuing their  musick.  The  peasant  ....  coming  nigh 
that  hive  where  he  had  put  the  H.  Sacrament,  the  Bees 
issued  out  furiously  by  troops,  and  surrounding  him  on 
all  sides,  revenged  the  irreverence  done  to  their  Creator, 
and  stung  him  so  severely  that  they  left  him  in  a  sad 
case.  This  punishment  made  this  miserable  wretch  come 
to  himself,  who,  acknowledging  his  error,  went  to  find  out 

the  parish  priest  to  confess  his  fault  to  him "  &c. 

—  Vincentius  in  Spec.  Moral.,  lib.  n.  dist.  xxi.  p.  3. 

In  the  lives  of  the  Saints  we  have  many  in- 
stances of  the  recovery  of  man's  lost  power  over 
the  elements  and  creatures.  The  following  Le- 
gend of  St.  Medard's  Bees  is  quoted  in  the  Femi- 
nine Monarchic,  at  p.  138. : 

"  When  a  thief  by  night  had  stolen  St.  Medard's  Bees, 
they,  in  their  master's  quarrel,  leaving  their  hive,  set 
upon  the  malefactor,  and  eagerly  pursuing  him  which, 
way  soever  he  ran,  would  not  cease  stinging  of  him  until 
they  had  made  him  (whether  he  would  or  no)  to  go  back 
again  to  their  master's  house ;  and  then,  falling  prostrate 
at  his  feet,  submissly  to  cry  him  mercy  for  the  crime 
committed.  Which  being  done,  so  soon  as  the  Saint 
extended  unto  him  the  hand  of  benediction,  the  Bees, 
like  obedient  servants,  did  forthwith  stay  from  perse- 
cuting him,  and  evidently  yielded  themselves  to  the 
ancient  possession  and  custody  of  their  master." 

The  following  extracts  are  also  from  the  Femi- 
nine Monarchic : 

"  Bees  abhor  as  well  poliarchy  as  anarchy,  God  having 
showed  in  them  unto  man  an  express  pattern  of  a  perfect 
monarchy,  the  most  natural  and  absolute  form  of  govern- 
ment."—  P.  5. 

"  What  things  the  Bee-master  must  avoid : 

"  If  thou  wilt  have  the  favour  of  thy  Bees  that  they 
sting  thee  not,  thou  must  avoid  such  things  as  offend 
them  :  thou  must  not  be  unchaste  or  uncleanly :  for  im- 
puritie  and  sluttishness  (themselves  being  most  chaste 
and  neat)  they  utterly  abhor  .  .  . :  in  a  word,  thou  must 
be  chaste,  cleanly,  sweete,  sober,  quiet,  and  familiar :  so 
will  they  love  thee,  and  know  thee  from  all  other."  — 
P.  11. 

"  And  five  are  the  sorts  of  Bees,  with  their  integrall 
parts.  Among  which,  though  there  do  not  appear  those 
outward  organa  of  scenting  which  other  animals  have ;  nor 
is  seen  in  the  head  that  inward  principall  part,  which  is 
the  fountain  and  seat  of  all  senses,  fantasie,  and  memorie; 
yet  have  they  the  senses  themselves,  both  outward  and 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


inward,  which  their  subtil  and  active  spirits  doe  excite 
and  quicken,  for  the  works  of  their  curious  art  and  sin- 
gular virtues In  valour  and  magnanimitie  they 

surpass  all  creatures  .  .  .  . ;  in  private  wrongs  and  in- 
juries done  to  their  persons  they  are  very  patient ;  but  in 
defence  of  their  Prince  and  Commonwealth  they  doe  most 
readily  enter  the  field Moreover,  as  skilful  astro- 
nomers they  have  foreknowledge  of  the  weather 

Their  chastity  is  to  be  admired :  Integritas  corporis  vir- 

ginalis  omnibus  communis For  cleanliness  and 

neatness  they  may  be  a  mirrour  to  the  finest  dames: 
Mundissimum  omnium  hoc  animal  .  .  .  . :  and  for  their 
persons  (which  are  lovely  brown)  though  they  be  not 
long  about  it,  yet  are  they  curious  in  trimming  and 
smoothing  them  from  top  to  toe." —  Pp.  13 — 21. 

"  These  admired  properties  of  Bees,  knowledge,  loyalty, 
perpetuall  concord  and  amity,  order,  government,  art, 
diligence,  and  other  virtues,  when  the  poet  had  declared 
(Georg.  TV.),  he  bringeth  in  others,  concluding  upon  his 
premises  that  the  Bees  doe  participate  divine  reason  and 
celestial  influence : 

'  His  quidam  signis,  atque  haec  exempla  secuti, 
Esse  Apibus  partem  Divina3  Mentis  et  haustus 
.^Etherios  dixere.' 

Which  big  conceipt  is  confirmed  by  their  propheticall 
presages  of  many  and  extraordinary  events,  and  specially 
of  the  sweet  concurrence  of  man's  sweetest  ornaments, 
learning  and  eloquence :  as,  namely,  in  Divine  Plato,  of 
whom  it  is  said  that  the  Bees,  resting  upon  his  face  in  the 
cradle,  poured  in  honey  into  his  lips The  like  pre- 
sage had  those  witty,  eloquent  poets  Pindar  and  Lucan, 
as  you  may  read  in  their  lives The  like  is  re- 
corded of  that  learned,  eloquent  Father  of  the  Church,  S. 
Ambrose This  excellency,  which  the  Bees  fore- 
showed to  these  men,  they  testified  to  Hippocrates  after 

his  death But  none  of  them  are  more  memorable 

than  the  Bees  of  Vives,  in  the  Colledge  of  Bees 

"  When  Ludovicus  Vives  was  sent  by  Cardinal  Wolsey 
to  Oxford,  there  to  be  the  public  professor  of  Rhetoric, 
being  placed  in  the  Colledge  of  Bees  *,  he  was  welcomed 
thither  by  a  swarm  of  Bees ;  which  sweet  creatures,  to 
signifie  the  incomparable  sweetness  of  his  eloquence, 
settled  themselves  over  his  head,  under  the  leads  of  his 
study,  where  they  have  continued  to  this  day.  .  .  .  How 
sweetly  did  all  things  then  accord,  when  in  this  neat 
li.ova-a.iov  newly  consecrated  to  the  Muses,  the  Muses' 
sweetest  favorite  was  thus  honored  by  the  Muses'  Birds." 
—  Pp.  21-3. 

Ancient  writers  placed  Bees  in  the  scale  of 
creation  immediately  after  Man,  and  endowed 
them  with  a  cosmical,  rational  mind,  reverence 
and  loyalty,  purity  and  chastity.  They  consi- 
dered, also,  that  they  were  in  a  certain  sense 
religious  beings ;  and  that  they  were  not  only 
symbols  but  loving  prophets  of  Poetry  and  Elo- 
quence ;  thus  they  got  their  name  of  the  Muses' 
Birds.  The  ancients,  moreover,  believed  that 
there  existed  a  mysterious  connexion  between 


*  "I.  e.  C.  C.  C.  [Corpus  Christi  College]  ;  so  called  by 
the  founder  in  the  statutes,  whereupon  Erasmus  ....  in- 
scribed his  epistle  to  the  first  president  thus :  '  Erasm. 
Rot.  Joanni  Claymundo  Collegii  Apum  Prasidi.'  " 

It  might  be  called  the  College  of  C's ;  but  I  cannot  see 
how  this  note  accounts  for  its  being  called  the  College  of 
Sees,  antecedently  to,  and  independently  of,  the  story  of 
Vivea. 


Bees  and  Souls  *,  and  they  even  sometimes  used 
the  terms  convertibly.  I  have  read  Legends  also 
in  which  the  human  Soul  is  represented  as  issuino- 
from  the  body  in  the  visible  form  of  a  Bee.  Por- 
phyry, in  his  tract  on  the  Cave  of  the  Nymphs, 
observes : 

"  Since,  therefore,  honey  is  assumed  in  purgations,  and 
as  an  antidote  to  putrefaction,  and  is  indicative  of  the 
pleasure  which  draws  souls  downward  to  generation,  it  is 
a  symbol  well  adapted  to  aquatic  Nymphs,  on  account  of 
the  unputrescent  nature  of  the  waters  over  which  they 
preside,  their  purifying  power,  and  their  co-operation 
with  generation.  For  water  co-operates  in  the  work  of 
generation.  On  this  account  the  Bees  are  said  by  the 
poet  to  deposit  their  honey  in  bowls  and  amphorae,  the 
bowls  being  a  symbol  of  fountains ;  and  therefore  a  bowl 
is  placed  near  to  Mithra,  instead  of  a  fountain ;  but  the 
amphorae  are  symbols  of  the  vessels  with  which  we  draw 
water  from  fountains;  and  fountains  and  streams  are 
adapted  to  aquatic  Nymphs,  and  still  more  so  to  the 
Nymphs  that  are  Souls,  which  the  ancients  peculiarly  call 
Sees,  as  the  efficient  cause  of  sweetness.  Hence  Sophocles 
does  not  speak  unappropriately  when  he  says  of  souls,  — 

'  In  swarms  while  wandering  from  the  dead, 
A  humming  sound  is  heard.' 

The  priestesses  of  Ceres  also,  as  being  initiated  into  the 
mysteries  of  the  terrene  Goddess,  were  called  by  the 
ancients  Sees;  and  Proserpine  herself  was  denominated 
by  them  honied.  The  Moon  likewise,  who  presides  over 
generation,  was  called  by  them  a  Bee,  and  also  a  Bull. 
And  Taurus  is  the  exaltation  of  the  Moon.  But  Bees  are 
ox-begotten.  And  this  appellation  is  also  given  to  Souls 
proceeding  into  generation.  The  god  likewise  who  is 
occultly  connected  with  generation  is  a  stealer  of  oxen. 
To  which  may  be  added  that  honey  is  considered  a 
symbol  of  Death,  and  on  this  account  it  is  usual  to  offer 
libations  of  honey  to  the  terrestrial  gods ;  but  gall  is  con- 
sidered as  a  symbol  of  Life ;  whether  it  is  obscurely  sig- 
nified by  this,  that  the  life  of  the  Soul  dies  through 
pleasure  f,  but  through,  bitterness  the  Soul  resumes  its 

*  Curiously  enough,  this  thought  spontaneously  oc- 
curred to  a  child.  I  was  staying  at  a  friend's  country 
place,  and  in  his  garden  was  a  large  Beehive  on  the 
model  of  a  house.  One  day  my  friend's  niece  (a  child  of 
nine  years)  was  standing  beside  me  contemplating  the 
busy  throng  in  the  hive ;  at  last  she  said  to  me,  "  What 
are  these  ? "  I  answered  with  some  surprise,  "  Bees." 
"  No,"  replied  she ;  "  we  only  call  them  so :  they  are 
Fairies,  or  rather,  they  are  Souls.  If  you  had  watched 
them  as  I  have,  you  would  not  say  they  were  mere  in- 
sects." I  afterwards  inquired  if  there  were  any  super- 
stition to  that  effect  in  the  neighbourhood,  but  I  found 
that  there  was  not,  and  that  the  notion  originated  in  the 
imagination  of  my  little  friend,  which  I  well  know  was  as 
wild  and  quaint  as  it  was  fertile. 

f  Cost  vivo,  placer  conduce  a  morte,  as  the  Italians  say. 

Boetius  dwells  on  this  in  the  7th  metre  of  the  3rd  book 
of  the  Consolations  of  Philosophy : 

"  Habet  omnis  hoc  voluptas, 
Stimulis  agit  fruentis,"  &c. 

"  Those  who  do  Pleasure  court,  must  find 
That  they  will  leave  a  pain  behind ; 
And  as  the  busy  Bee 
Away  doth  fly  when  she 
Hath  honey  given ;  so  they 
Will  with  no  person  stay ; 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


501 


life,  whence  also  bile  is  sacrificed  to  the  gods ;  or  whether 
it  is  because  death  liberates  from  molestation,  but  the 
present  life  is  laborious  and  bitter.  All  Souls,  however, 
proceeding  into  generation,  are  not  simply  called  Bees, 
but  those  who  will  live  in  it  justly,  and  who,  after  having 
performed  such  things  as  are  acceptable  to  the  gods,  Avill 
again  return  (to  their  kindred  stars).  For  this  insect 
loves  to  return  to  the  place  from  whence  it  first  came, 
and  is  eminently  just  and  sober.  Whence  also  the  liba- 
tions which  are  made  with  honey  are  called  sober.  Bees 
likewise  do  not  sit  on  beans,  which  were  considered  by 
the  ancients  as  a  symbol  of  generation,  proceeding  in  a 
right  line,  and  without  flexure,"  &c.* 

ElEIONNACH. 


AN    OLD-WORLD   VILLAGE    AND    ITS    CHRISTMAS 
FOLK   LORE. 

Years  hence,  in  the  time  of  Mr.  Macaulay's  New 
Zealander,  when  the  Great  Holyhead  Road  is  good 
pasture,  and  Gary  has  sensitive  commentators,  I 
don't  imagine  that  the  precise  locality  of  Newton 
Prodgers  will  be  settled  without  inkshed.  It  is 
the  very  height  of  improbability  that  any  reader 
of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  unless  he  is  a  taxman,  ever  went 
there ;  still  less,  having  done  so  once,  that  he  would 
be  desirous  of  enjoying  the  felicity  twice,  for  the 
road  to  Newton  Prodgers  is  not  only  not  the  road 
to  any  other  place  whatsoever,  but  is  moreover 
the  true  and  only  genuine  site  of  the  stupendous 
adventure  of  the  Manchester  Bagman,  which  the 
Yankees  have  appropriated  with  characteristic 
coolness,  and  pitched  somewhere  or  other  down  in 
Alabama.  The  thing  itself  actually  occurred  to  a 
respectable  farmer  of  our  village,  no  way  con- 
nected with  the  public  press,  who  set  to  work  one 
fine  morning  to  dig  out  a  riding  whip,  the  tip  of 

And  like  that  angry  insect,  so 
They  sorely  wound  the  enjoyn  too." 
Young  condenses  this  in  two  lines : 
"  Disappointment  lurks  in  every  prize, 

As  Bees  in  flowers,  and  sting  us  with  success." 
See  also  the  Third  Emblem  of  Quarles'  first  book.    We 
have  only  room  for  one  stanza  and  the  concluding  epi- 
gram: 

"  The  World's  a  Hive 
From  whence  thou  canst  derive 
No  good,  but  what  thy  Soul's  vexation  brings : 

But  case  thou  meet 
Some  petty-petty-sweet, 
Each  drop  is  guarded  with  a  thousand  stings." 

Epigram. 

"  What,  Cupid,  are  thy  shafts  already  made? 
And  seeking  honey  to  set  up  thy  trade, 
True  emblem  of  thy  sweets !  thy  Bees  do  bring 
Honey  in  their  mouths,  but  in  their  tails  a  sting." 
On  the  Symbolism  of  Bees,  see  Dr.  Dinet's  Cinq  Livres 
des   Hierogiyphiques,   oil     sont    contenus    les    plus    Hares 

Secrets  de  la  Nature  et  Proprietez  de  toutes  chases 

&  Paris,  M.DC.XIIII.,  4to. 

Ol.  Hop<f>vptov  <£nAcxro<£>ov  irept  rov  €i>  O6u(rcreia  TCOV  Nvjtt- 
$<av  A.VTPOV,  Roma;,  M.D.CXXX.  ;  and  Taylor's  Select  Works 
of  Porphyry,  Load.  1823,  8vo. 


which  he  saw  sprouting  out  of  the  middle  of  the 
road.  After  an  hour's  hard  digging  he  came  to  a 
hat,  and  under  that,  to  his  intense  horror,  was  -a 
head  belonging  to  a  body  in  a  state  of  advanced 
suffocation.  Assistance  was  procured,  and  after 
several  hours  of  unremitting  exertion,  worthy  of 
Agassiz  or  Owen,  the  entire  organism  of  a  bag- 
man was  developed.  "  Now,  gentlemen,"  said  the 
exhumed  commercial  to  his  perspiring  diggers, 
who  of  course  concluded  their  labours  finished, 
"  now,  gentlemen,  you've  saved  my  life  ;  and  now, 
for  God's  sake,  lend  a  hand  to  get  out  my  mare ! " 
I  am  aware  that  at  first  sight  this  anecdote  appears 
to  tell  against  our  village ;  but  then  everybody 
knows  it  is  the  business  of  the  Little  Pudgington 
folks  to  mend  these  roads,  and  not  ours.  We 
never  have  repaired  them,  and  it  is  not  very 
likely  we  shall  begin  now,  for  we  have  a  religious 
antipathy  to  all  innovation,  especially  when  it  is 
likely  to  touch  the  rates.  In  M'Adam's  time, 
when  the  aforesaid  Little  Pudgington  folks  were 
going  to  bring  the  branch  turnpike  through  a 
corner  of  Newton  Prodgers,  we  rose  as  one  man, 
called  a  public  meeting,  and  passed  a  resolution, 
expressing  strong  abhorrence  of  French  prin- 
ciples ;  and  we  have  not  degenerated,  for  it  is 
only  the  other  day  since  we  thrashed  the  sur- 
veyors of  the  "  Great  Amalgamated  Central." 
Search  the  whole  county,  and  I  doubt  if  you  find 
such  another  respectable  old-fashioned  place. 
When  I  get  out  at  the  Gingham  Station,  and 
mount  for  Newton,  after  an  absence  in  town,  I 
feel  I  am  stepping  back  two  centuries,  and  am 
quite  disappointed  next  morning  that  the  postman 
don't  deliver  a  Mercurius  Politicus  with  the  latest 
intelligence  of  his  Majesty's  Forces  in  the  north, 
and  the  last  declaration  of  his  Majesty's  affectionate 
Parliament.  It  is  true  we  have  no  resident  cler- 
gyman or  squire  either  since  the  last  Prodgers 
was  cleaned  out  at  Crockford's ;  but  then,  by  way 
of  set-off,  we  haven't  a  school  or  a  sanitary  law  in 
the  parish ;  no  spelling-books  to  put  improper 
notions  into  the  people's  heads ;  and  as  for  pig 
legislation,  I  should  just  like  to  see  them  try  it  on 
at  Newton  Prodgers,  that's  all. 

Our  village  is  not  one  of  those  rural  paradises 
which  the  adventurous  explorer  might  discover 
among  the  properties  at  the  A  del  phi,  nor  one  of 
Mr.  James's  receptacles  for  benighted  horsemen, 
not  even  one  of  Miss  Mitfbrd's  charming  villages — 
all  gables  and  acacia, — nor  anything,  in  short,  but 
a  plain  average  parish  of  the  Bedford  Level,  still 
in  a  state  of  refreshing  pastoral  simplicity,  or,  as 
our  radical  paper  perversely  has  it,  "frightfully  ne- 
glected condition."  We  have  a  church,  green,  and 
stocks  in  tolerable  repair.  A  green  is  always  the 
germ  of  the  Saxon  thorpe,  no  matter  where  found 
—  Schleswig,  Kent,  Massachusetts,  Australia, 
or  New  Zealand.  In  our  village,  as  in  most 
others  of  our  country  side,  it  is  called  the  Cross 


502 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


Hill,  and  there  are  yet  the  steps  and  part  of  the 
shaft  of  the  cross,  which  no  doubt  stood  there  long 
before  the  church  was  thought  of,  and  formed  the 
nucleus  of  the  village.  On  the  left  of  the  cross  is 
the  well,  the  "  town  well,"  so  called  to  distinguish 
it  from  the  "holy  well,"  which  is  nearer  the  church, 
and  probably  supplied  the  piscina  and  font.  Op- 
posite the  stocks  there,  with  the  portentous  effigy 
of  an  owl  in  extremis,  is  the  Red  Eagle,  much 
noted  for  superlative  October ;  and  farther  on,  at 
the  corner,  is  the  less  aristocratic  Chequers,  where 
they  brew  beer  very  small  indeed,  which,  as  I 
once  heard  a  habitue  plaintively  asseverate,  "  wets 
where  it  goes "  and  no  farther.  Three  roads 
branch  out  of  the  Cross  Hill,  one  to  the  church, 
and  two  to  outlying  homesteads.  And  now  the 
reader  knows  as  much  of  Newton  Prodgers  as  I 
do. 

When  I  first  knew  Newton  Prodgers,  old  John 
Gibbs  was  the  great  man  for  burning  Guys  and 
keeping  up  the  old  Christmas  customs.  He  was 
the  OLD  BUCK  of  Newton  —  the  OLDBUCK  without 
the  Prcetorium — the  fogie  without  the  ghastly 
tie.  On  working  days  Jack  was  not  to  be  dis- 
tinguished from  his  labourers;  but  on  Sundays, 
•when  he  donned  his  black  velvet  smalls  and  leather 
leggings  all  tied  in  true-lovers'  knots,  he  looked  a 
"  warm  "  man  every  inch  of  him.  It  was  a  treat 
to  see  him  lead  his  dame  up  the  aisle  of  the  church, 
and  to  watch  his  demeanour  during  the  sermon, 
trying  to  look  as  though  he  understood  it.  John 
was  by  no  means  partial  to  literature,  and  his 
reading  was  wholly  confined  to  the  Family  Bible, 
and  the  enlivening  feats  of  the  "  Seven  Cham- 
pions," of  which  honest  John  swallowed  every 
morsel  —  the  dragon  included.  Upon  scientific 
subjects  generally,  Master  Gibbs  was  very  con- 
siderably behind  the  age.  His  notions  of  cosmo- 
gony and  planetary  affairs  were  opposed  to  those 
of  Humboldt  and  Herschel,  presenting  indeed 
many  points  of  remarkable  similarity  to  the  Pto- 
lemeian  doctrines  of  my  friend  Moravanjee,  who 
lately  filled  with  so  much  credit  the  astronomical 
chair  at  Benares,  modified  however,  to  some  extent, 
by  the  theories  of  the  late  Dr.  Francis  Moore 
as  yearly  perpetuated  by  the  Worshipful  Company 
of  Stationers.  In  politics  Jack  was  a  thorough- 
going Church  and  King  man,  and  stoutly  swore 
to  the  last  day  of  his  life  that  tea  and  pantaloons 
had  ruined  England,  and  worked  between  them 
the  fall  of  the  corn  laws.  A  more  honest, 
thick-headed,  open-hearted,  and  prejudiced  old 
booby  never  drew  breath.  He  was  the  last  man 
for  miles  round  our  place  who  kept  open  house  to 
all  comers  ;  and,  I  regret  to  add,  he  was  the  iden- 
tical old  rascal  who  set  the  bells  ringing  when  the 
lamented  news  of  the  death  of  the  late  Sir  Robert 
Peel  reached  Newton  Prodgers.  If  you  took  a 
peep  into  his  stone-floored  house-room  on  Christ- 
mas Eve,  you  would  see  Misrule  redivivus.  Hodge 


senior  smokes  long  pipes,  plays  at  cards,  and  looks 
on.  Adolescent  Agriculture  dances  quaint  old 
country  dances  not  found  in  the  Ball-room 
Monitor,  and  sings  rough  old  songs  in  rough  old 
measure  that  would  scandalise  Sims  Reeves ;  while 
the  younger  fry  are  wild  and  dripping  at  duck- 
apple,  snap-apple,  and  half  a  score  of  other  equally 
intellectual  amusements.  But  the  mumming  is  the 
great  fun  of  the  night.  With  us  this  consists  of  a 
kind  of  rude  drama,  which  formerly  represented  the 
adventures  of  St.  George  and  the  Dragon ;  but  of 
late  years  St.  George  has  given  place  to  George  III., 
and  the  Dragon  been  supplanted  by  Napoleon.  In 
the  last  scene  the  emperor  indulges  in  such  strong 
vituperation  against  Mr.  Pitt,  and  insinuates  such 
unpleasant  things  about  Mr.  Pitt's  mamma,  as  to 
induce  that  placid  gentleman  to  give  him  a  blow 
on  the  nose ;  wherepon  a  fight  ensues,  in  which 
the  pilot  gets  decidedly  the  worst  of  it,  and  is 
about  to  receive  the  coup-de-grace,  when  up  comes 
George  III.  with  a  cocked-hat  and  broadsword, 
and  the  royal  asseveration  — 

"  As  sure  as  I  am  England's  king,  I'll  break  your  neck." 

—  a  threat  which,  after  "a  severe  encounter,  he 
manages  to  accomplish,  and  the  Corsican  tyrant  is 
finally  carried  off  by  Beelzebub,  who  I  should  say 
is  a  leading  member  of  the  company.  He  was  a 
bold  genius,  whoever  he  was,  who  conceived  the 
idea  of  making  George  III.  a  hero.  The  fool, 
whose  principal  duty  is  to  blow  flour  into  the 
emperor's  eyes,  is  a  relic  of  the  older  drama,  and 
carries  a  stick  with  a  bladder  tied  to  it  by  way 
of  bauble.  He  still  performs  the  old  legerdemain 
tricks  described  by  Ben  Jonson.  When  the  fun 
was  at  its  height,  the  Christmas  block  used  to  be 
brought  in  and  put  on  the  fire,  to  be  taken  off 
again  when  only  half  burnt,  and  preserved  in  the 
cellar  or  some  other  safe  place  till  next  year. 
This  precious  piece  of  charred  wood  old  Jack  used 
to  look  upon  as  a  sovereign  amulet  against  fire 
during  the  ensuing  year,  and  as  safe  as  a  fire 
policy.  And  this  is  still  the  usual  custom  in  our 
neighbourhood. 

It  is  a  grand  old  superstition  that,  which  repre- 
sents the  powers  of  darkness  as  more  than  usually 
active  on  the  anniversary  of  the  last  day  of  Pagan- 
dom—  dim  echo  through  the  ages  of  that  first 
Nativity  which  silenced  the  oracles  and  drove  the 
nymphs  from  their  ancient  haunts.  Old  Smudgers 
the  rat-catcher  was  quite  Miltonic,  although  he 
didn't  know  it,  when  he  told  me  "No  good  Chris- 
tian would  even  turn  a  dog  out"  on  Christmas 
Eve.  All  our  ghosts  have  holiday  on  that  night, 
and  we  have  lots  of  ghosts  of  all  grades  at  Newton 
Prodgers;  from  that  old-established  aristocratic 
old  ghost,  Sir  Miles  Prodgers,  who  drives  about 
the  lanes  in  the  same  old  coach  that  took  him  to 
St.  Paul's  after  Ramillies,  down  to  Mary  Potts, 
who  drowned  herself  in  Sludgepond,  and  is  a 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


503 


mere  parvenu  ghost — a  spirit  of  no  pretensions 
whatever.     It  is  the  Walpurgis  of  the  witches  and 
demons  on  the  wolds  and  in  the  woods.     Ghost; 
of  suicides  hold  high   carnival  at   dreary   cross 
roads,  and  he  who  has  courage  enough  to  watch  in 
the  churchyard  with  an  ash  stick  in  his  hand,  will 
see  the  fetches  of  those  who  are  to  die  during  the 
next  year.      Sometimes   also  the  wayfarer  sees 
lights  and  hears  solemn  music  in  lonely  churches 
—  another  fine  old  idea  which  has  haunted  man's 
mind,  ever  since  Reginald  of  Durham's  friend  the 
Yorkshire  monk  fell  asleep  and  dreamed  of  the 
ghostly  mass  at  Fame.    But  all  this  diablerie  ter- 
minates at  the  first  sound  of  the  midnight  bells  ; 
and  the  spirit  or  demon,  wherever  he  is,   must 
hie  him  back  instanter.      Old   Smudgers,  who 
knows  more   legends  than  the  brothers  Grimm, 
and  has  killed  incomparably  more  rats,  tells  a  tale 
of  a  dissipated  young  fellow  who,  lovelorn  and 
morose,  wandered  out  one  Christmas  Eve  instead 
of  joining  the  carol  singers,  —  how,  full  of  evil 
thoughts,  he  sauntered  through  the  common  field, 
and  was  accosted  by  the  enemy  in  the  guise  of 
(probably  his    nearest  prototype)    a  Yorkshire 
horsedealer,   who   tried   all  manner  of  ways  to 
get  hold  of  him  by  engaging  him  in  some  game  of 
chance,  but  all  without  success ;  till  he  offered  to 
drink  him  for  a  "  bag  of  gold,"  which  our  thirsty 
rustic  could  not  find  it  in  his  heart  to  refuse,  and 
proposed   an   instantaneous   adjournment  to  the 
"  Red  Eagle."     "  No  time  like  the  present,"  said 
the  old  gentleman,  drawing  out  a  bottle  and  a 
couple  of  horns ;  and  so  they  sat  down  on  the  hill 
side,  and  drank  as  though  for  their  lives.     Dick 
held  out  manfully  for  some  time,  but  felt   the 
liquor   gradually  stealing  away  his  senses.     He 
sees  his  adversary's  eyes  glaring  with  triumph, 
and  feels  a  burning  grasp  at  his  throat,  when  sud- 
denly, borne  by  the   breeze  over  the  hills  and 
fens,    comes   the  merry  sound   of  the  midnight 
chimes  —  ringing  out  from  every  tower  and  steeple 
down  the  country  side.     With  a  shriek  that  woke 
every  one  up  at  Mud  Wallingham,  twenty-one 
miles  off,  the  Yorkshireman  abandoned  his  prey ; 
and  next  morning  Dick  was  found  with  his  gold 
at  the  bottom  of  the  hill.    But  the  ill-gotten  riches 
never  made  Dick  thrive.     His  favourite  son  left 
him  alone  in  his  old  age,  and  he  became  a  miser, 
and  barred  himself  up  in  the  old  house  near  the 
church — still  called  the  "Miser's  House."     One 
wintry  Christmas  Eve,  when  all  was  wind  and 
storm  without,   there   was  a  knock,  and  a  sup- 
plication for  relief  at  his  door ;  but  all  the  beggar 
got  was  a  curse.     Next  morning  the  body  of  his 
long-lost  son  was  found  frozen  on  the  step,  and 
that  day  the  old  man  died  —  but  not  to  rest :  for, 
at  a  certain  hour  on  Christmas  Eve,  the  wretched 
old  miser  unbars  the  window  with  his  bony  hands, 
and  showers  down,  from  between  the  old  stan- 
chions, coins  of  a  date  and  coinage  long  passed 


away  :  of  late  years,  probably  because  of  the  un- 
happy scarcity  of  specie,  he  has  been  less  liberal ; 
but  Smudgers  watched  once,  a  long  time  ago,  and 
picked  up  a  penny,  which  he  has  ctill  carefully 
wrapped  up  in  silver  paper,  beneath  the  false 
bottom  of  his  old  chest. 

N.B.  Smudgers  is  indisputably  the  biggest  liar 
in  our  village.  V.  T.  STSBNBEBG. 

15.  Store  Street,  Bedford  Square. 


STONTHUEST   BUCK-HUNT. 

I  send  you  a  broadsheet  containing  a  poetical 
account  of  a  circumstance  which  occurred  about 
a  century  ago.  The  name  of  the  rhymer  is  now 
forgotten,  and  his  composition  can  only  be  pre- 
vented from  becoming  so  by  preserving  it  in  your 
pages.  It  is  still  "sung  or  said"  by  all  the  ancient 
ones  resident  in  the  locality.  T.  T.  W. 

Burnley. 

"An  Interesting  Account  of  Stonyhurst  Buck-hunt:  de- 
tailing the  Particulars  of  the  Chace  of  that  Day,  which 
was  honoured  with  the  Presence  of  the  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk, his  noble  Brothers,  and  his  Kinsman  —  Talbot; 
accompanied  by  Mr.  Waters,  Mr.  Harris,  and  Mr. 
Penketh — all  of  whom  were  Gentlemen  fond  of  the 
Turf,  and  who  stood  at  nought  in  taking  a  leap  when  in 
— '  View  halloo !' 

'  To  Whalley  Moor  therefore  he  ran, 
To  Clitheroe  and  Waddington ; 
Yet  visits  Mitton  by  the  way, 
Although  he  had  no  time  to  stay.' " 

1. 

."  It  was  one  morning  when  tha  sun 
Had  gilded  all  our  horizon, 
And  seem'd  in  haste  to  mount  the  sky, 
Some  new  known  pleasures  to  espy ; 
Whose  early  rays  did  me  invite 
To  walk  the  downs  for  my  delight. 

2. 

u  Serene  and  calm  all  did  appear, 
At  last  this  music  reach'd  my  ear  — 
The  morning's  call  one  blast  of  horn ; 
While  horses  at  the  ground  did  spurn 
In  stately  scorn  naighing  so  high, 
As  echoed  in  the  lofty  sky : 

3. 

"  'Twas  my  good  hap  to  see  his  Grace  * 
As  he  on  Twister  mounted  was ; 
Norfolk's  great  Duke,  my  muse  does  mean, 
Whose  skill  in  horsemanship  was  seen 
So  excellent,  my  fancy  swore 
Chiran  ne'er  taught  Achilles  more ; 

4. 

"  With  steady  countenance  he  sat, 
While  the  proud  steed  did  bound  and  jet, 
Seeming  of  nature  to  complain 
That  he  was  made  of  aught  terrene, 
Ready  to  mount  the  starry  sphere, 
And  make  a  constellation  there. 


Thomas,  the  eighth  Duke  of  Norfolk,  married  Maria 
Winifreda  Francisca,  only  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Sher- 
burne,  of  Stonyhurst ;  — she  died  without  issue  in  1754. 


504 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


5. 

"  His  noble  Brothers  present  were, 
Attending  on  this  worthy  peer, 
With  many  a  gentleman  of  worth, 
Greater  than  here  I  can  set  forth ; 
I  only  shall  insert  each  name  — 
Learn  you  the  rest  from  public  fame. 

6. 

"  Sir  Nicholas  upon  a  black 
Was  bravely  mounted,  show'd  no  lack ; 
Due  commendation,  could  my  muse 
For  his  great  merits  words  diffuse : 
More  gen'rous,  just,  or  good  than  he, 
No  mortal  ever  yet  could  be. 

7. 

"  Joy  in  his  countenance  appear'd, 
Wherewith  his  lovely  guests  he  cheer'd ; 
Brisk,  airy,  young  to  all  he'll  show  — 
And  may  he  evermore  be  so : 
Great  with  the  honourable  sort, 
Yet  still  the  poor  man's  chief  support. 


"  His  kinsman,  Talbot,  there  I  saw, 
A  comely  youth  from  top  to  toe ; 
With  many  heroes  of  the  same, 
Yet  he's  the  last  of  that  brave  name, 
Equipp'd  in  a  most  gallant  sort, 
To  be  partaker  of  the  sport. 

9. 

"  The  next  rare  object  I  did  spy 
Was  a  brave  horseman,  —  O,  thought  I, 
That's  Pegasus  he's  mounted  on, 
And  ne's  the  young  Bellerophon ; 
Their  motions  were  so  well  combin'd, 
You'd  think  they  both  had  but  one  mind. 

10. 

" '  That's  Mr.  Walers,'  one  did  say, 
'  Mounted  on  gallant  Northall  grey ; ' 
And  many  more  I  saw,  whose  names 
In  proper  place  I  shall  proclaim, 
Who,  to  divert  themselves,  met  therej 
In  hunting  of  a  fallow  deer. 

11. 

"  Good  hounds  they  had  as  ever  run, 
Braver  the  sun  ne'er  shone  upon ; 
Towler  and  Tapster,  hunters'  pride  — 
Famous  and  Juno,  proved  and  tried, 
The  best  that  ever  traced  the  grounds, 
And  glory  of  all  British  hounds. 

12. 

"  Carver,  respected  much  by  Knowls  — 
Wonder  and  Thunder  none  controls ; 
Nor  Ploughman  —  but,  they  all  excell, 
'Tis  hard  to  say  which  bears  the  bell ; 
Indifferent  praises  none  should  have, 
They're  all  superlatively  brave. 

13. 

"  Phillis  and  Comely,  pray  you  mind, 
Though  in  the  verse  they  came  behind ; 
Their  excellence  in  field  is  great, 
Their  skill  in  hunting  most  complete ; 
Countess  and  Caesar  bravely  trace, 
The  ground  with  charming  snuffling  face. 


14. 

"  The  Buck,  unlodged,  began  to  fear, 
At  sight  of  such  a  concourse  there, 
Thinking  it  was  conspiracy 
Against  his  life,  and  he  must  die ; 
Trusting  to  feet  incontinent, 
Which  still  betray'd  him  by  the  scent. 

15. 

"  The  hounds  uncoupled  on  the  plain, 
A  mortal  war  straight  did  proclaim, 
With  such  melodious  mouths  they  cry, 
As  make  a  perfect  harmony ; 
Whilst  echo  answering  in  each  grove, 
Had  quite  forgot  Narcissus'  love. 

16. 

"  The  sound  of  horn  alarm  did  give 
Unto  this  silly  fugitive : 
Who  was  resolved  in  this  chace 
To  give  a  prospect  to  his  Grace, 
And  to  all  worthy  hunters  there, 
Of  all  the  country  far  and  near. 

17. 

"  To  Whallej'  Moor  therefore  he  run, 
To  Clitheroe  and  Waddington ; 
Yet  visits  Mitton  by  the  way, 
Although  he  had  no  time  to  stay ; 
Then  into  Bowland  Forest  goes, 
Still  follow'd  by  his  full-mouth'd  foes. 

18. 

"  Robin  the  groom  began  to  swear, 
This  is  the  devil  and  no  deer, 
So  spurs  up  cheerful  Favourite  — 
A  mare  that  may  a  prince  delight, 
And  coming  close  in,  cried  '  Zounds, 
All  Europe  cannot  SHOW  such  hounds ; ' 

19. 

"  With  tedious  but  well  pleasing  steps, 
Our  trusty  Abraham  forward  trips ; 
No  river  —  mount  or  dale  can  stay 
His  passage,  but  he  finds  a  way 
Through  all  obstructions  past  compare 
In  hunting  otter,  buck,  or  hare. 

20. 

"  Except  old  Mr.  Harris,  who 
Did  all  that  any  man  could  do ; 
And  Mr.  Penketh,  who  pursued 
As  if  they  both  had  youth  renew'd, 
Equal  in  skill  and  in  desire, 
Which  made  the  hunters  all  admire. 

21. 

"  To  Stony  Moor  this  buck  then  fled, 
Where  we  did  think  him  almost  dead  ; 
To  Storth  and  Fowlscales  then  he  hied, 
And  then  to  pleasant  Hodder  side ; 
But  had  not  Famous  labour'd  sore, 
We'd  hunted  all  the  forest  o'er ! 

22. 

"  But  when  he'd  cool'd  his  limbs  awhile, 
And  gather'd  vigour  for  new  toil, 
To  Bosden  stoutly  he  did  run, 
The  seat  of  Captain  Hodgkmson  ; 
And  there  we  saw — 0  fate  to  tell ! 
He  by  our  hounds  at  Knowsmoor  fell  I 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


505 


23. 

"  To  Stonyhurst,  then,  this  gallant  train, 
As  if  in  triumph  tura'd  again, 
Mutually  asking  on  the  way, 
Which  dog  had  best  perform'd  that  day;- 
But  'twas  a  riddle  none  could  tell, 
Because  they'd  all  perform'd  so  well. 

24. 

"  Therefore,  since  ended  is  the  chace, 
Let  healths  go  round  unto  his  Grace; 
To  his  illustrious  Duchess  too, 
The  like  devotion  let  us  shew ; 
Next  for  Sir  Nicholas  let  us  pray, 
And  so  conclude  our  hunting  day." 


FOLK   LOBE. 

The  crooked  Sixpence.  —  A  bent  coin  is  often 
given  in  the  West  of  England  for  luck.  A  crooked 
sixpence  is  usually  selected  by  careful  grand- 
mothers, aunts,  and  uncles,  to  bestow  as  the  "  han- 
selling "  of  a  new  purse.  The  following  extract, 
from  the  Acts  and  Monuments  of  John  Foxe,  il- 
lustrates the  practice ;  it  occurs  in  the  relation  of 
the  martyrdom  of  Alice  Benden  at  Canterbury, 
1557: 

"  When  she  was  at  the  stake  she  cast  her  handkerchief 
unto  one  John  Banks,  requiring  him  to  keep  the  same  in 
memory  of  her ;  and  from  about  her  middle  she  took  a 
white  lace,  which  she  gave  to  her  keeper,  desiring  him 
to  give  the  same  to  her  brother  Roger  Hall,  and  to  tell 
him  that  it  was  the  last  band  she  was  bound  with  except 
the  chain.  A  shilling  also  of  Philip  and  Mary  she  took 
forth,  which  her  father  had  bowed  and  sent  her  when  she 
was  first  sent  to  prison,"  &c. 

S.  K.  P. 

Cure  for  the  Toothache.  —  My  old  clerk  in  Wilt- 
shire, whenever  he  was  afflicted  with  this  distressing 
pain,  had  the  singular  habit  of  driving  a  nail  into 
an  oak  tree,  and  no  other  tree  than  the  oak  would 
suit  his  purpose.  Is  it  possible  that  the  jarring 
of  the  hammer  upon  the  nerves  had  anything  to 
do  with  his  peculiar  remedy  ? 

HENRY  ABOD,  M.  A. 

Vicarage,  Uttoxeter. 


•WOMEN  S   EIGHTS. 

The  women  of  the  last  century  seem  to  have 
been  able  to  take  care  of  themselves,  if  we  may 
judge  from  the  following  advertisements  taken 
from  a  Philadelphia  paper  of  1768  : 

"  Anthony  Redman,  my  inhuman  husband,  having 
advertised  me  to  the  world  in  the  most  odious  light, 
justice  to  my  character  obliges  me  to  take  this  method  to 
deny  his  accusation,  and  to  assure  the  public,  that  his 
charges  against  me  are  without  the  least  foundation  in 
truth ;  and  proceed,  as  I  imagine,  from  the  ill  advice  of 
his  pretended  friends,  added  to  the  wild  chimeras  of  his 
own  stupidly  jealous  and  infatuated  noddle.  CATHARINE 
REDMAN." — From  Pennsylvania  Chronicle,  Feb.  8,  1768. 


«  To  the  Public. 

"  Whereas  Michael  Herbert,  of  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia, advertised  me  his  wife,  Alice  Herbert,  in  this  paper, 
as  having  behaved  in  such  a  manner  that  he  could  not 
live  with  me,  which  is  a  malicious  falsehood :  therefore, 
for  the  satisfaction  of  my  friends,  as  well  as  the  justify- 
ing myself  to  the  public,  I  take  this  method  to  give  a 
true  state  of  the  ease  between  me  and  my  husband ;  to 
convince  the  public  what  a  brutish,  malicious,  scanda- 
lous fellow  he  is ;  for  it  is  well  known  to  all  my  neigh- 
bours and  acquaintances,  that  I  have  behaved  myself  as 
becomes  a  good  subject  of  our  sovereign  lord  the  King ; 
and  that  I  did,  by  all  ways  and  means,  endeavour  to  get  a 
good  honest  livelihood ;  and  I  can,  when  called  upon,  get 
my  neighbours,  of  sufficient  credit,  to  testify  the  same ; 
and  that  I  am  neither  a  whore,  thief,  or  a  drunkard ;  but 
it  being  my  misfortune  to  marry  so  disagreeable  a  person 
as  the  said  Michael  Herbert  is,  and  we  two  being  of 
different  principles  in  regard  to  religion  —  he  being  a 
Roman  Catholic,  and  I  always  brought  up  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  people  called  Quakers  —  and  because  I  have 
often  refused  to  go  to  the  chapel  with  him,  he  the  said 
Michael  Herbert,  from  the  time  we  have  been  married, 
has  denied  me  the  common  necessaries  of  life,  contenting 
himself  from  week's  end  to  week's  end  with  a  bit  of 
bread  and  small  beer;  and  notwithstanding  I  had  two 
boarders  in  the  house,  and  what  one  of  them  paid  was 
more  than  what  maintained  the  house — for  I  can  prove, 
though  there  were  four  in  family,  I  seldom  laid  out  more 
than  six  shillings  per  week  in  the  market,  and  was 
obliged,  to  prevent  words,  he  being  of  so  penurious  a 
disposition,  to  tell  him  it  did  not  cost  me  above  three 
shillings  per  week — he  has  done  all  that  lay  in  his 
power  to  prejudice  me ;  and  I  should  not  say  much  amiss 
if  I  said  he  perjured  himself,  when  he  went  and  swore 
his  life  against  me,  for  I  can  prove  I  never  struck  him  a 
blow ;  therefore,  I  leave  it  to  the  candid  reader,  and  the 
impartial  public,  whether  he  has  behaved  as  becomes  a 
husband ;  or  whether,  after  my  behaviour  and  discretion 
to  him,  he  can  justify  his  proceedings  against  me.  ALICE 
HERBERT." — From  'Pennsylvania  Chronick,  Aug.  15, 1768. 

K.  B. 


LEGEND  OF  THE  COUNTY  CLARE. 

When  St.  Patrick  had,  after  many  arguments, 
converted  Ussheen  (Ossian)  to  Christianity,  he 
became  a  member  of  the  saint's  household, 
and,  being  now  a  feeble,  blind  old  man,  he 
had  a  servant  to  attend  on  him.  It  appears 
that  Ussheen's  appetite  corresponded  to  his  gi- 
gantic size,  and  that  the  saint's  housekeeper 
dealt  his  portion  with  a  niggard  hand ;  for  when 
the  old  warrior  remonstrated  with  her  one  day  on 
the  scantiness  of  his  meal,  she  tauntingly  replied 
that  his  large  oat  cake,  his  quarter  of  beef,  and 
his  "  miscawn"  of  butter  would  amply  suffice  a 
better  man. — "  Ah,"  said  he,  "  I  could  yet  show 
you  an  ivy  leaf  broader  than  your  cake,  a  berry  of 
the  quick  beam  larger  than  your  miscawn,  and  the 
leg  of  a  blackbird  larger  than  your  quarter  of  beef." 
The  surly  housekeeper,  with  the  contempt  often 
shown  to  the  aged  and  poor,  gave  Ussheen  the  lie 
direct ;  but  he  remained  silent.  Some  time  after 
Ussheen  directed  his  attendant  to  nail  a  raw  hide 
against  the  wall,  and  to  dash  the  puppies  of  a  wolf- 


506 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269- 


dog  that  had  been  lately  littered  against  it :  each 
in  succession  fell  howling  to  the  ground,  except  the 
last,  which  clung  to  the  hide  with  tooth  and  nail. 
By  Ussheen's  desire  he  was  taken  and  carefully 
reared,  the  milk  of  nine  cows  being  appropriated 
to  his  use.  When  full-grown,  Ussheen  desired  his 
attendant  to  conduct  him  to  the  plains  of  Kildare, 
and  to  lead  the  dog  in  a  leash  with  them ;  as  they 
went  along,  Ussheen  at  a  certain  place  asked  his 
guide  if  he  beheld  anything  worthy  of  notice  ?  and 
the  boy  replied,  he  saw  an  immense  plant  resem- 
"bling  ivy,  that  projected  from  a  huge  rock  and 
^nearly  obscured  the  light  of  the  sun  ;  and  also  a 
large  tree  near  a  stream,  bearing  a  red  fruit  of 
enormous  size.  Ussheen  plucked  a  leaf  from  the 
plant  and  some  fruit  from  the  tree :  soon  after 
they  reached  the  plain,  and  Ussheen  asked  again 
if  his  attendant  saw  anything  ?  "  Yes,"  replied 
the  boy,  "  I  see  a  rock  of  immense  size  : "  he  then 
desired  to  be  led  to  the  stone,  and  after  removing 
it  from  its  place  by  one  effort  of  his  gigantic 
strength,  he  took  from  under  it  a  sling,  a  ball,  and 
an  ancient  trumpet ;  sitting  down  upon  the  rock, 
he  desired  his  attendant  to  break  down  nine  gaps 
in  the  wall  that  surrounded  the  plain,  and  then  to 
retire  behind  him.  At  the  same  time  he  blew  a  blast 
on  the  trumpet  that  appeared  to  pervade  earth  and 
sky,  and  yet  was  of  surpassing  melody.  After  some 
time  Ussheen  ceased,  and  asked  his  attendant  what 
he  saw  ?  "I  perceive  the  heavens  darkened  with 
the  flight  of  birds  that  approach  from  all  quarters," 
said  he.  Ussheen  again  renewed  the  magic  strain, 
when  his  companion  exclaimed  that  a  monstrous 
bird,  whose  bulk  overshadowed  the  whole  plain, 
was  approaching.  "  That  .is  the  object  of  our  ex- 
pectation," replied  Ussheen  ;  "  let  slip  the  dog  as 
the  bird  alights."  The  wolf-dog  bounded  forward 
with  open  mouth  to  the  combat,  and  the  bird 
received  his  attack  with  great  courage,  while  the 
thrilling  blasts  of  the  magic  trumpet  seemed  to 
inspire  the  combatants  with  increasing  fury  ;  they 
fought  all  day,  and  at  the  going  down  of  the  sun, 
the  victorious  wolf-dog  drank  the  blood  of  his 
fallen  foe.  "  The  bird  is  dead,"  said  the  affrighted 
servant,  "  and  the  dog  bathed  in  blood  is  rushing 
towards  us  with  open  jaws  to  devour  us !"  "  Direct 
my  aim  towards  the  dog,"  said  the  hero:  then 
launching  the  ball  from  the  sling,  it  entered  the 
open  jaws  of  the  hound,  and  stretched  him  lifeless 
on  the  earth.  The  leaf,  the  fruit,  and  the  leg  of  the 
bird  were  produced  to  the  housekeeper  as  proofs  of 
the  veracity  of  the  aged  hero.  This  was  his  last 
exploit,  for  the  legend  goes  on  to  relate  that  the 
repeated  insults  of  this  woman  soon  after  broke  the 
heart  of  the  warrior  bard,  the  last  survivor  of  the 
race  of  the  Feinian  heroes.  I  have  often  thought 
it  possible  that  some  battle  of  the  Irish  against  the 
Danish  invaders  was  obscurely  typifled  by  this 
legend,  which  is  a  very  favourite  one  in  the  county 
of  Clare.  FEANCIS  ROBERT  DAVIES. 


$ateS. 

John  Woolman.  —  Mr.  De  Quincey,  in  his 
Essay  on  Coleridge  and  Opium-eating,  says  : 

"  But  again,  we  beg  pardon  and  entreat  the  earth  of 
Virginia  to  lie  light  upon  the  remains  of  John  Woolman ; 
for  he  was  an  Israelite,  indeed,  in  whom  there  was  no 
guile." 

Mr.  De  Quincey  is  in  error  as  to  the  place  of 
Woolman's  interment ;  he  was  buried  in  England. 
According  to  "The  Testimony  of  Friends  in 
Yorkshire,  at  their  Quarterly  Meeting  held  at 
York  the  24th  and  25th  of  third  month,  1773," 
prefixed  to  the  edition  of  his  Works,  published  in 
Philadelphia  in  1774 : 

"  John  Woolman,  of  Mount  Holly,  in  the  province  of 
New  Jersey,  departed  this  life  at  the  house  of  Thomas 
Priestman,  in  the  suburbs  of  this  city  [York],  the  7th  of 
the  tenth  month,  1772,  and  was  interred  in  the  burying- 
ground  of  Friends  the  ninth  of  the  same,  aged  about 
fifty-two  years." 

UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

The  Poverty  of  Literary  Men.  —  I  thought  this 
had  been  a  fact  so  well  ascertained,  that  it  might 
have  saved  them,  when  requested  by  public  ad- 
vertisement (see  a  late  Number  of  The  Athenceuni) 
to  send  MSS.  for  approval,  from  having  to  pay 
back  carriage  for  their  unlucky  babes,  in  the  event 
of  their  being  returned  to  them  as  not  admissible 
into  a  New  Foundling  Hospital  for  Wits.  Me- 
thinks  the  calamity  of  not  being  able  to  bring 
one's  goods  to  a  ready  money  market  is  heavy 
enough,  without  the  additional  mortification  (and, 
in  my  view,  shabby  injustice)  of  having  to  pay 
toll  from  market,  as  well  as  to  it.  As  "  JST.  &  Q." 
are  intended  in  a  particular  manner  for  the  com- 
munications of  literary  men,  by  whose  generous 
ardour  in  their  vocation  I  hope  I  may  say,  without 
exaggeration,  your  work  is  chiefly  supported,  I 
trust  you  will  not  refuse  a  place  for  this  public 
hint  and  expostulation,  or  by  whatever  gentleman- 
like epithet  you  may  choose  to  term  it,  in  these 
days  of  war  prices  for  the  necessaries  of  life. 
If  my  brethren  of  the  pen  choose  to  pay  all  ex- 
penses of  carriage,  let  them  do  it ;  but  I  think  in 
common  fairness  they  should  be  told  so  in  the  ad- 
vertisement, and  thus  know  beforehand  what  they 
may  expect.  A  MIND-MAEKET  GABDENEE. 

Swallows  as  Letter-carriers.  — 

"  An  experiment  has  just  been  successfully  made  of 
employing  swallows  to  carry  letters,  as  pigeons  were 
used  some  years  back.  Six  swallows,  taken  in  their  nests 
at  Paris,  were  conveyed  by  railway  to  Vienna,  and  there 
let  go,  with  a  small"  roll  of  paper  containing  1500  words 
under  the  wing  of  each.  They  were  liberated  at  a  quar- 
ter after  eleven  in  the  morning.  Two  arrived  at  Paris 
a  few  minutes  before  one,  one  at  a  quarter  past  two,  one 
at  four  o'clock,  and  the  remaining  two  did  not  make 
their  appearance  at  all." — Foreign  Journal. 

w.  w. 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


507 


Cat.  —  Whilst  the  name  of  the  dog  varies  in 
«very  language,  thereby  indicating  that  he  is  in- 
digenous, or  coeval,  or  prior  to  the  formation  of 
.such  languages,  the  name  of  the  cat  is  identical, 
with  slight  dialectical  variation,  in  almost  all 
known  languages,  thereby  indicating  its  foreign 
origin.  What  then  is  the  natural  habitat  of  this 
feline  animal?  The  only  language,  as  far  as  I 
can  ascertain,  in  which  this  word  is  significant,  is 
the  Zend,  where  the  word  gatu,  almost  identical 
with  the  Spanish  gato,  means  "  a  place "  (Bopp, 
I.  111.))  a  word  peculiarly  significant  in  reference 
to  this  animal,  whose  attachment  is  peculiar  to 
place,  and  not  to  the  person,  so  strikingly  indicated 
by  the  dog.  The  inference  is,  that  Persia  is  the 
original  habitat  of  the  cat,  where  that  animal 
exists  in  its  most  perfect  state.  Pallas  has  a  co- 
loured plate,  the  portrait  of  a  very  fine  animal  in 
the  Crimea,  of  that  species,  in  his  Travels,  vol.  ii. 
It  may  be  probably  inferred  that  it  was  introduced 
Into  Europe  from  Spain,  because  the  Spanish 
word  is  almost  identical  with  the  Zend,  whilst  a 
greater  variation  is  found  in  other  European  dia- 
lects :  for  example,  cairn  in  Latin,  chat  in  French, 
katze  in  German,  cat  in  English,  kate  in  Lithuanian, 
Jiot  in  Russian,  cat  in  Gaelic,  and  cath  in  Celtic. 
As  the  Zend,  the  language  of  Zoroaster,  is  a  dead 
one,  akin  to  the  Sanscrit  (Bopp,  passim),  and  gave 
place  to  the  Persian,  which  dates  its  origin  from 
the  Arabic  invasion  in  the  seventh  century ;  the 
probable  inference  is,  that  the  cat  had  been  do- 
mesticated in  Europe  prior  to  the  seventh  cen- 
tury. T.  J.  BUCKTON. 
Lichfield. 

"Fade."  —  Lamb  objected  to  the  word  " fade- 
less." "What,"  he  asked,  "is  a  fade?"  He 
supposed  that  the  termination  -less  could  only  be 
adjected  with  propriety  to  a  noun-substantive. 
But  he  did  not  recollect,  ceasefess,  dauntless, 
quenchZess.  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

Climate  of  the  Crimea.  —  In  the  Lettres  edifi- 
antes  et  curieuses  (vol.  iii.  p.  135.,  edit.  1810), 
there  is  one  to  the  Marquis  de  Torcy,  stating 
that  — 

"  Le  climat  serait  assez  tempere,  si  les  vents  etaient 
moins  furieux ;  mais  en  hiver  le  froid  pedant  du  vent  du 
Nord  n'est  pas  supportable." 

This  letter  is  dated  from  Bagchsaray  (Backshi- 
serrai),  May  20,  1713,  and  is  fully  confirmed  by 
subsequent  travellers.  The  Tartar  protects  himself 
from  the  furious  winds  and  cold  by  sinking  a  hole 
in  the  ground.  (See  Clarke's  Travels,  vol.  i.) 
Felt  tents  are  in  universal  use  by  the  Tartars  in 
traversing  their  elevated  and  exposed  steppes 
(heaths).  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 


THE   LAST   JACOBITES. 

In  a  recent  number  of  Household  Words 
(No.  241.  Nov.  4,  1854)  is  an  article  on  the  last 
of  the  Stuarts,  the  Cardinal  York.  It  concludes 
as  follows : 

"  The  Cardinal  Duke,  down  to  the  very  day  of  his  death, 
although  in  the  receipt  of  a  munificent  pension  from 
England,  was  in  communication  with  several  noblemen 
who  still  indulged  the  hope  of  placing  him  upon  the 
throne  of  Great  Britain.  Among  the  Cardinal's  papers 
were  discovered  letters  from  active  partisans  both  in 
Ireland  and  Scotland';  but  the  English  government 
wisely  took  no  notice  of  these  awkward  revelations.  Had 
they  done  so,  many  men  of  high  rank  and  great  influence 
would  have  been  brought  to  a  severe  account" 

The  Queries  which  I  wish  to  put  are  these : 

1.  Are  those  parts  of  the  above  quotation,  which 
I  have  marked  in  Italics,  correct  ? 

2.  If  correct,  who  were  the  "noblemen,"  the 
"  men  of  high  rank  and  great  influence,"  who  con- 
tinued to  cherish  hopes  of  a  Stuart  restoration 
down  to  1807,  the  year  of  Cardinal  York's  death  ? 

My  opinion  is,  that  statement  is  incorrect.  I 
doubt  whether  any  Jacobites  were  left  in  Scotland 
in  1807,  except  a  few  decrepit  old  men,  the 
remnant  of  those  who  had  been  "  out  in  '45,"  and 
these  could  not  be  described  as  men  of  great 
influence.  It  seems  strange,  too,  that  so  ex- 
emplary a  person  as  Cardinal  York,  when  he 
bequeathed  his  papers  to  his  kinsman  and  bene- 
factor George  III.,  should  not  have  taken  some 
precautions  to  have  all  those  destroyed  which 
compromised  any  of  his  adherents  who  were  then, 
living  as  British  subjects. 

I  hope  that  either  the  author  of  the  article  in. 
Household  Words  will  give  his  authority  for  the 
above  statement,  or  that  some  of  your  correspon- 
dents will  answer  my  Queries.  K.  C.  C. 

Manchester. 


First  Fruits  and  Tenths. — Are  the  "  first  fruits 
and  tenths,"  which  form  "  Queen  Anne's  Bounty," 
still  paid  on  the  assessment  of  the  King's  Book, 
compiled  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  ?  Supposing 
they  are  not  paid  after  that  date,  what  assessment 
forms  the  basis  of  the  present  payment  ?  S.  D. 

Rose-trees.  —  In  Barnaby  Googe  it  is  said  of 
these  :  "  It  will  also  doe  them  good  some  time  to 
burne  them."  I  have  read  that  the  rose  did  not 
blossom  in  Chili,  where  it  is  not  indigenous,  until 
after  it  had  accidentally  been  burnt  down.  Has 
this  experiment  ever  been  tried  with  the  queen  of 
the  garden  ?  F.  C.  B. 


508 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


Authority  of  Aristotle, — 

"  A  doctor  of  the  Sorbonne,  -who  maintained  that  the 
heart  was  the  seat  of  the  nerves,  was  taken  to  a  dissec- 
tion and  demonstration  of  the  nervous  system.  Being 
asked  whether  he  now  believed  that  the  nerves  sprang  from 
the  brain,  he  replied, '  I  should,  but  for  the  very  words  of 
Aristotle,  which  are  expressly  the  contrary." —  Thoughts 
and  Recolkctions,  by  J.  Wray,  London,  1782,  p.  47. 

I  have  met  with  other  forms  of  the  same  story 
which  suggest  a  common  original.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  supply  a  better  version,  or  any 
authority  ?  J.  T. 

Sandbanks. — Can  any  explanation  be  given  as 
to  the  existence  of  sandbanks  at  the  mouths  of 
straits  and  large  rivers,  when  one  would  suppose 
the  velocity  of  the  currents  discharged  by  them 
permanently  to  remove  any  existing  obstruction  ? 

RlCABDUS. 

"Bell-childe" — I  shall  be  obliged  by  any  of  your 
correspondents  informing  me  the  meaning  of  the 
word  bell-childe,  which  occurs  frequently  in  wills 
of  the  sixteenth  century  as  follows,  from  the  will 
of  Robert  Davenie  of  Snetterton,  1580  :  "  I  doe 
gyve  and  bequeathe  unto  Thomas  Harvie,  my  bell- 
childe,  x1."  HENKT  DAVEMEY. 

Bollard's  "  Century  of  Celebrated  Women"  — 
CONAN  will  be  obliged  by  any  information  relating 
to  the  above  work  (third  series,  published  about 
1754  or  1755),  where  published,  and  if  now  to  be 
procured. 

Rose  of  Sharon. —  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents give  me  some  account  of  a  singular 
flower,  called  the  "  Rose  of  Sharon,"  or  the  "  Star 
of  Bethlehem  ? "  I  have  never  seen  a  specimen 
myself,  but  my  informant  told  me  that  at  first  it 
has  the  appearance  of  a  dry  stick;  but  after  it 
has  been  put  into  boiling  water,  it  assumes  the 
form  of  a  white  rose.  It  is  obtained  in  the  Holy 
Land.  Any  information  with  regard  to  the  nature 
of  the  flower  will  much  gratify  me. 

F.  M.  MLDDLETON. 

Ghosts.  —  Mr.  De  Quincey,  in  note  12.  to  his 
essay  on  Modern  Superstition,  says  that  the  idea 
of  a  ghost  could  not  be  conceived  or  reproduced 
by  Paganism.  Is  not  the  story  of  Csesar's  ghost  a 
sufficient  refutation  of  this  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

St.  Pancras.  —  There  are  twelve  churches  in 
England  dedicated  to  St.  Pancras.  Could  any  of 
your  clerical  readers  inform  me  in  what  cities, 
towns,  or  villages  they  are  to  be  found  ?  Z. 

Serpenfs  Egg.  —  Can  any  one  tell  me  where  a 
serpent's  egg,  the  charm  peculiarly  prized  by  the 
Druids,  can  be  found  ?  I  am  particularly  anxious 
to  possess  one.  L.  M.  M.  R. 


Burial  of  ivounded  Regimental  Colours.  —  The 
following  notice  is  extracted  from  The  Borderer's 
Table-book  : 

"  17£3  (May  31st).  The  old  colours  of  the  25th  regi- 
ment of  foot  (Lord  George  Lennox's),  quartered  in  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne,  being  much  wounded  in  Germany  *, 
particularly  at  the  glorious  and  ever-memorable  battle  of 
Minden,  were  buried  with  military  honours."  —  Local 
Papers. 

Query,  Are  "  wounded  colours  "  buried  now  ? 
If  not,  when  did  the  practice  cease  ?  And  what 
is  done  with  "  wounded,"  and,  I  suppose,  dead 
colours?  Many  are  put  up  in  churches,  I  am 
aware.  ROBERT  RAWIINSON. 

King  Dagoberts  Revenge. — In  'The  Wiggiad, 
a  poem  published  at  Bath  in  1807,  the  following 
lines  occur : 

"  So  when  Le  bon  Roi  Dagobert 
Cropp'd  close  his  rebel-captive's  hair, 
And  cut  his  whiskers  off,  and  then 
His  head,  lest  they  should  grow  again ; 
And  as  Clotilda,  when  her  brother 
Sent  his  two  nephews  to  their  mother, 
(Worse  than  King  Dick)  and,  to  enrage  her, 
Gave  her  the  choice  of  axe  or  razor, 
She  answer'd  him  with  spirit  high, 
'  Better  that  each  a  prince  should  die, 
Than  with  the  rabble  be  confounded, 
And  live  a  croppy  or  a  roundhead.' " 

The  poem  is  not  of  much  value,  but  it  contains 
evidences  of  a  good  deal  of  reading.  I  cannot 
discover,  and  shall  be  glad  to  be  told,  whether  the 
above  allusions  are  to  historical  facts,  or  to  some 
old  French  romance.  S. 

Druidical  Remains  in  Warwickshire.  — Are  there 
any  remains  of  Druidical  antiquities  in  Warwick- 
shire ?  And  where  ?  L.  M.  M.  R. 

Brass  in  St.  Helen's,  Bishopsgate.  —  There  is  a 
brass  existing  in  the  church  of  St.  Helen,  Bishops- 
gate,  which  has  I  believe  been  recently  engraved, 
representing  a  female  in  an  heraldic  mantle  charged 
with  lions  rampant,  vulned  in  the  shoulder.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  inform  me  whose  monument 
this  is  (the  inscription  is  lost),  or  to  what  families 
similar  arms  belong  ?  From  these  being  the  only 
arms  on  the  figure,  the  kirtle  bearing  none,  I  pre- 
sume it  represents  an  unmarried  person.  The 
date,  judging  from  the  execution,  may  be  about 
1420.  F.  S.  A. 

Hill  Street,  Berkeley  Square. 


iHmor  CRuert'oS  to iffj 

Saville  of  Oakhampton.  — While  staying  a  short 
time  ago  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Oakhampton,  I 
fell  in  with  a  tradition  respecting  this  family,  to 

*  A  correspondent  suggests  that  these  "  wounded  co- 
lours "  must  have  been  made  of  shot  silk. 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


509 


the  effect  that,  several  generations  back,  its  then 
representative,  who  was  a  government  contractor, 
brought  upon  himself  the  displeasure  of  "  the 
powers  that  were,"  and  was  consigned  to  the 
pillory,  and  that  he  thereupon  effected  a  change 
of  name  from  Acton  (I  think)  to  the  present  more 
euphonious  cognomen  of  Saville.  Is  there  any 
truth  in  this  tradition  ?  and  if  so,  what  were  the 
circumstances  connected  with  it  ?  T.  HUGHES. 
Chester. 

[The  tradition  relates  to  Mr.  Christopher  Atkinson,  who 
was  accused  of  mal-practices  as  agent  of  the  Victualling 
Office,  and  on  Dec.  4, 1783,  expelled  the  House  of  Com- 
mons for  perjury.  He  was  subsequently  convicted  in  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench  on  the  charge  of  perjury,  and 
ordered  to  pay  a  fine  of  2000?. ;  to  stand  in  the  pillory  near 
the  Corn  Exchange ;  and  to  be  imprisoned  for  twelve 
months.  The  punishment  of  the  pillory  took  place  Nov. 
25,  1785.  We  believe  it  was  Atkinson's  case  that  oc- 
casioned the  following  epigram : 

"  Quoth  Ralph  to  his  friend,  Here's  a  strange  rout  and 

pother, 

It  matters  not  which  they  chuse,  this  man  or  t'other; 
I'd  as  soon  give  my  vote  for  the  India  contractor, 
As  I  would  for  the  no  less  deserving  cornfactor. 
They  are  both  rogues  alike  —  I  repeat  it  again, 
The  one  rogue  in  spirit,  the  other  in  grain."  " 

Atkinson  however  subsequently  received  the  royal  pardon ; 
and  on  his  marriage  with  Jane,  daughter  and  heir  of 
John  Savile,  Esq.,  of  Enfield,  assumed  by  royal  licence,  in 
1798,  the  surname  and  arms  of  Savile.] 

Historical  Work.  —  There  has  lately  come  into 
my  possession  a  volume  in  Hack  letter,  there  being 
two  volumes  bound  in  one  :  the  title-page  of  the 
first  is  wanting;  it  contains  193  pages,  being  from 
the  Creation  to  the  death  of  Harold:  the  second 
volume,  from  William  the  Conquerer  to  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth,  date  1568,  containing  1369  pages. 
On  the  last  page  is  "  Imprinted  at  London,  by 
Henry  Denham,  dwelling  in  Paternoster  Row,  at 
the  costs  and  charges  of  Richard  Tottle  and 
Humphrey  Toye.  Anno  1569  last  of  March." 
Above  the  inscription  below  is  a  quaint  woodcut, 
representing  a  barrel  with  a  tree  growing  out  of 
the  bunghole.  la  this  book  rare,  and  who  is  the 
author  ?  ANON. 

Dublin. 

[This  is  commonly  called  Grafton's  Chronicle,  entitled 
"  A  Chronicle  at  large,  and  meere  History  of  the  Affayres 
of  Englande  and  Kinges  of  the  same."  London :  1569, 
folio,  2  vols.  The  collation  is,  vol.  i.  1569,  pp.  192,  with 
title,  epistle  dedicatory,  &c.,  six  leaves,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  volume  a  sum  marie  and  table,  four  leaves.  Vol.  ii. 
15G8,  pp.  1369,  with  title,  a  general  table,  and  a  table  to 
vol.  ii.,  twenty-two  leaves.  (See  Herbert  or  Dibdin's 
Typographical  Antiquities.)  The  appearance  of  the  Chroni- 
cles of  Holinshed  and  Stowe  threw  Grafton  into  the  shade. 
Mr.  Heber  possessed  what  he  calls  "  the  finest  and  purest 
copy,"  which  fetched  at  his  sale  SI.  15s.  Another  copy, 
with  frontispiece  mended,  sold  for  21.  3s.] 


*  See  a  similar  epigram,  "  X.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  x.,  p.  61. 


The  Plague.  —  In  the  last  Number  of  the 
Quarterly  Review  (No.  CXC.),  in  an  elaborate 
article  upon  Church  Bells,  at  p.  328.,  there  is  a 
foot-note  referring  to  Dr.  Herring's  "  Rules  to  be 
observed  in  times  of  Pestilence,"  date  1625  [1665]. 
The  reference  is  extremely  vague.  The  exact 
title,  or  any  particulars  about  this  work,  would  be 
very  acceptable  to  W.  P. 

[This  pamphlet  is  entitled  Preservatives  against  the 
Plague,  or  Directions  and  Advertisements  for  this  Time  of 
pestilential  Contagion.  With  certain  instructions  for  the 
poorer  sort  of  people  when  they  shall  be  visited :  and  also 
a  Caveat  to  those  that  wear  about  their  necks  im poisoned 
Amulets  as  a  preservative  against  that  sickness.  Pub- 
lished in  the  behoofe  of  the  City  of  London,  now  visited, 
and  all  other  parts  of  the  land  that  may  or  shall  hereafter 
be  visited.  By  Francis  Herring,  Dr.  in  Physick.  London : 
4to.,  1665.  Some  of  his  preservatives  are  excellent;  take 
the  following :  "  Let  the  pipes  laid  from  the  New  River 
be  often  opened,  to  cleanse  the  channels  of  every  street  in 
the  city.  Let  the  ditches  towards  the  suburbs,  especially 
towards  Islington  and  Pick-hatch  [near  the  Charter- 
house], Old  Street,  and  towards  Shoreditch  and  White- 
chapel,  be  well  cleansed,  and  if  it  might  be,  the  water  of  the 
New  River  to  run  through  them,  as  also  the  like  to  be  done 
through  the  Borough  of  Southwarke.  Let  the  bells  in 
cities  and  towns  be  rung  often,  and  the  great  ordnance 
discharged,  thereby  the  aire  is  purified."] 

Seller's  History  of  England.  —  A  friend  has  re- 
cently given  to  me  a  curious  12mo.  volume,  of 
nearly  700  pages,  which  I  do  not  recollect  to  have 
seen  noticed.  It  is  entitled  — 

"  The  History  of  England  ....  With  an  account  of  all 
the  Plots,  Conspiracies,  Insurrections,  and  Rebellions. 
Likewise  a  Relation  of  the  Wonderful  Prodigies,  Monstrous 
Births,  Terrible  Earthquakes,  Dreadful  Sights  in  the  Air, 
Lamentable  Famines,  Plagues,  Thunders,  Lightnings, 
and  Fires,  &c.,  to  the  Year  1696.  Being  the  Eighth  Year 
of  the  Reign  of  his  present  Majesty  King  William  III. 
Together  with  a  particular  Description  of  the  Rarities  in 
the  several  Counties  of  England  and  Wales :  with  exact 
Maps  of  each  County.  By  John  Seller,  Hydrographer  to 
His  Majesty.  London:  Printed  by  Job  and  John  How, 
for  John  Gwillim,  against  Crosby  Square,  in  Bishopsgate- 
street,  1696." 

I  shall  feel  obliged  if  any  of  your  correspondents 
will  inform  me  whether  this  is  a  rare  book  ;  which 
I  presume  it  to  be,  from  the  fact  of  its  not  oc- 
curring in  any  one  out  of  numerous  catalogues  of 
old  books  to  which  I  have  referred. 

WILLIAM  KELLT. 

[No  copy  of  this  work  is  to  be  found  either  in  the 
British  Museum  or  the  Bodleian ;  nor  is  it  noticed  by 
Watt  or  Lowntles.  Seller  was  the  author  of  several  other 
works,  many  containing  maps,  at  the  close  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  but  mostly  without  dates.] 


510 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


THE  EMPEROR  OF  MOROCCO  PENSIONED  BY 
ENGLAND. 

(Vdl.  x,  p.  342.) 

Might  I  inform  your  correspondent  MR.  WAY- 
XEN  that  the  Emperor  of  Morocco  could  hardly 
be  considered  a  pensioner  of  England,  when 
the  amounts  mentioned  by  him  were  doubtless 
-given  for  two  important  considerations :  firstly, 
for  the  liberation  of  English  captives;  and  se- 
condly, for  the  protection  of  British  trade. 
England  was  not  alone  in  paying  tribute  to 
this  monarch  for  the  safety  of  her  commerce  in 
this  sea.  Other  European  powers  pursued  the 
same  policy.  An  annual  gift  of  a  few  hundred 
pounds  procured  that  protection  for  the  navigation 
of  British  ships  in  the  Mediterranean,  which  a 
war  might  not  have  effected.  Hence  the  tribute 
paid  by  Christians  to  a  chief  of  Corsairs.  Nearly 
a  century  after  the  period  mentioned  by  MR. 
WAYLEN,  America  was  obliged  to  conciliate  by 
her  gifts,  not  an  Emperor  of  Morocco,  but  a  Dey 
of  Algiers.  On  the  8th  of  May,  1792,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  was  authorised  by  the 
senate  to  make  a  treaty  with  this  power,  and  a 
sum  of  8000Z.  was  voted  to  be  paid  when  the  seals 
were  affixed  to  it,  as  also  5000Z.  annually,  to  be 
paid  while  it  remained  unbroken.  At  the  same 
time  an  amount  of  8000Z.  was  voted  for  the  libera- 
tion of  thirteen  American  citizens  who  were  held 
in  captivity.  This  yearly  tribute  was  paid  for 
twenty-three  years.  On  the  3rd  of  March,  1815, 
America  declared  war  against  Algiers,  caused  by 
an  insult  offered  by  the  Dey  to  the  Consul-Ge- 
neral of  the  United  States,  and  also  by  his  de- 
claration that  not  for  "  two  millions  of  dollars 
would  he  sell  his  American  slaves,"  —  an  exor- 
bitant sum,  when  there  were  only  twelve  persons 
whom  he  held  in  confinement.  While  hostilities 
continued,  an  Algerine  frigate  of  46  guns  and 
436  men,  and  a  brig  of  22  guns  and  180  men,  were 
captured.  The  admiral  Rais  Hammida,  who  was 
supposed  to  have  been  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  and 
of  the  name  of  Lyle,  fell  in  an  engagement,  as 
did  thirty  of  his  crew,  whose  bodies  were  thrown 
into  the  sea.  On  the  30th  June,  1815,  "a  treaty 
of  peace  was  concluded  with  the  Dey  of  Algiers, 
dictated  by  Commodore  Decatur,  in  which  it  was 
stipulated  that  no  presents  or  tribute  were  in  future 
to  be  paid,  and  all  captives  were  to  be  delivered 
up."  These  terms  were  never  broken.  (Vide 
Cooper's  Naval  History  of  the  United  States,  and 
Washington  National  Intelligencer  of  Oct.  7th, 
1854.)  W.W. 

Malta. 


DID   THE    GREEK   SURGEONS   EXTRACT   TEETH? 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  242.  355.) 

As  this  historical  inquiry  is  one  which  it  is  im- 
possible for  me  to  enter  into  but  during  a  few- 
leisure  hours,  I  am  obliged  to  M.  D.  for  his  sug- 
gestions, which  shall  be  duly  attended  to.  I  am 
sure  this  discussion  has  been  useful,  as  it  must  be 
confessed  that  the  department  of  dentistry  has 
been  but  little  attended  to,  even  in  the  best  works 
on  the  history  of  medicine. 

Your  correspondent  TRISTIS  states  that  the 
Greek  surgeons  not  only  extracted  teeth,  but  that 
they  also  filled  with  gold  those  which  were  de- 
cayed. 

The  same  observation,  I  see,  has  also  been  made 
by  Mr.  Finney,  in  Egypt,  with  regard  to  the  teeth 
of  mummies.  (Vide  Medical  Times  and  Gazette, 
No.  218.  p.  248.)  Of  the  way  in  which  the  Greek 
dentists  proceeded  in  these  delicate  operations 
(operations  requiring  greater  care  and  skill  than 
any  other  operation  in  dentistry),  very  little  is  or 
can  be  known ;  but  the  skulls  of  Egyptians  are  of 
course  documents  which  may  be  examined.  In 
this  respect  Mr.  Finney,  or  TRISTIS,  may  clear  up 
an  item  of  dental  surgical  skill,  by  inquiry  whe- 
ther the  teeth  of  mummies  which  had  been  filled 
with  gold  had  been  previously  prepared  for  such 
filling  secundum  regulam  artis,  which  I,  however, 
very  much  doubt.  My  theory  in  this  respect  is 
the  following: — It  probably  happened  that  the 
Egyptian  dentists  took  hold  of  the  very  simple 
fact  that  a  hollow  carious  tooth  got  filled,  during 
mastication,  with  a  seed  of  grape  or  other  similar 
fruit,  which  even  often  occurs  at  the  present  time. 
As  the  importation  of  gold  dust  from  the  countries 
south  of  Egypt  was  then  carried  on  as  an  object 
of  general  commerce,  it  is  obvious  that  some  of 
the  grains  of  gold  were  well  adapted  for  the  pur- 
pose of  filling  hollow  teeth,  without  the  necessity 
of  melting  and  flatting,  as  we  now  do.  Once 
begun,  the  experiment  was  doubtless  improved 
and  refined. 

As  to  filing  of  decayed  teeth,  said  to  occur 
in  Egyptian  mummies  according  to  the  same  au- 
thority, I  am  rather  doubtful,  although  of  course 
ready  to  cede  to  proof  and  conviction.  Our  pre- 
sent tooth-files  are  amongst  the  greatest  feats  of 
the  modern  file-cutter;  and  I  am  quite  certain 
that  the  Egyptian  steel  manufacturer  (!)  could 
hardly  be  supposed  to  have  produced  such  minute 
and  delicate  files  as  are  required  for  this  operation. 
If  it  should  be  proved  that  teeth  have  been  really 
filed,  it  will  turn  out  that  they  have  been  such  as 
stand  aloof  from  each  other,  and  where  some  slip 
of  hone  or  slate  could  be  introduced,  which  in 
fact  is  a  plan  I  frequently  resort  to  in  preference 
to  the  file.  GEORGE  HAYES. 

66.  Conduit  Street. 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


511 


MILITARY   TITLES. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  433.) 

As  it  appears  to  me  that  your  correspondent 
R.  A.  has  not  fully  elucidated  the  matter  before 
him,  may  I  suggest  the  following  by  way  of  so- 
lution of  the  Query  to  which  he  refers. 

I  think  that  he  would  have  arrived  at  the  true 
value  of  the  titles  of  our  officers  if  he  had  recol- 
lected that  the  terms  lieutenant,  major,  and  general 
are  adjectives,  and  are  merely  abbreviated  titles, 
the  other  portions  of  them  being  omitted  for  con- 
venience sake.  Perhaps  my  meaning  will  be  seen 
by  the  following  examples,  in  which  the  words 
printed  in  Italics  are  those  usually  left  out : 
private,  soldier;  drummer;  drum -mer- major  ; 
serjeant ;  serjeant-major  ;  lieutenant-captain,  i.  e. 
locum  tenens  of  the  captain,  &c. ;  captain ;  captain- 
major ;  lieutenant-colonel ;  colonel.  Whenever 
any  of  the  last  three,  who  are  called  field  officers, 
are  entrusted  with  higher  and  more  extensive 
commands,  the  word  general  is  added  to  their  re- 
spective ranks,  and  the  titles  are  shortened  in  the 
following  manner  :  Captain-major  general ;  lieu- 
tenant-colonel  general ;  coZoneZ-general. 

Though  the  title  "  captain-major "  may  seem 
strange  to  our  ears,  it  is  as  legitimate  a  term  as 
"  drum-major"  or  "  sergeant-major  ;"  and  that  of 
"  captain-general "  is  employed  in  the  armies  of 
other  European  states,  though  not  in  ours. 

I  ought  to  beg  pardon  for  venturing  so  far  out 

of  my  proper  line  as  into  military  matters  ;  but  in 

the  republic  of  "  N.  &  Q."  every  man  is  free  to 

"  shoot  his  bolt "  where  he  pleases.      H.  COTTON. 

Thurles. 


R.  A.'s  explanation  of  the  Query  is  very  satis- 
factory, where  it  fails  to  allude  to  the  difficulty 
referred  to.  The  reason  why  a  lieutenant-general 
should  be  made  the  title  of  a  superior  officer  to  a 
major-general,  when  a  major  is  a  higher  grade 
than  a  lieutenant,  was  required.  To  R.  A.'s  ex- 
planation of  the  origin  of  the  title  major,  little 
objection  need  be  taken.  In  effect  he  says  that, 
as  "  a  sergeant-major  is  superior  to  the  sergeant," 
so  is  a  major  (i.  e.  a  captain-major  to  a  captain). 
Hence  by  the  same  law,  the  next  superior  officer 
to  a  colonel  should  be  a  major-colonel.  In  effect 
he  is  termed  a  major-general.  If  we  go  from 
greater  to  less,  the  anomaly  remains ;  we  have 
lieutenants  and  second  lieutenants,  we  have  cap- 
tains and  second  captains,  but  we  also  have  ge- 
nerals, lieutenant-generals,  and  major-generals. 
The  origin  or  the  reason,  if  one  there  be,  of  the 
latter  title  still  remains  unexplained.  O.  S. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE. 

Mr.  Lyte  on  the  Collodion  Process. — As  an  enthusiastic 
admirer  and  constant  practitioner  of  the  collodion  pro- 
cess, I  cannot  help  offering  my  testimony  against  Mr. 
Sutton  and  his  opinions.  The  advantages  which  the 
collodion  possesses  over  both  the  paper  and  albumen  pro- 
cesses, seem  to  me  so  obvious,  that  I  am  always  surprised 
to  hear  them  brought  into  comparison;  and  can  only 
attribute  Mr.  Sutton's  opinions  to  his  allowing  theory  to 
take  the  place  of  experience,  and  adopting  the  ideas  of 
others,  rather  than  depending  on  the  results  of  his  own 
practice.  The  paper  process  has  several  disadvantages, 
which  must  be  obvious  to  all  its  practitioners.  The  ex- 
treme difficulty  of  obtaining  a  paper  of  even  texture ;  the 
constant  occurrence  of  spots ;  the  gravelly  effect  of  wax- 
paper,  and  the  bad  keeping  qualities  of  all  paper  prepared 
by  other  processes ;  and  then,  after  all,  the  woeful  defici- 
ency of  half-tints  in  the  positives,  and  the  length  of  time 
required  to  obtain  an  impression.  In  the  albumen  pro- 
cess we  have  many  of  these  defects  remedied,  but  on  the 
other  hand  very  great  difficulty  of  preparation;  the 
worst  part  of  which  is,  that  the  plate  is  constantly  spoiled! 
in  the  process  of  fixing — after  all  the  trouble  of  preparing 
and  taking  the  picture.  Now,  in  the  collodion  process, 
perfected  as  it  is  at  present,  we  have,  I  may  say,  none  of 
these  disadvantages.  We  can  prepare  a  plate  easily  in  five 
or  six  minutes,  which  shall  take  a  picture  quite  instan- 
taneously, so  as  to  take  objects  in  rapid  motion ;  or  by 
diminishing  the  dose  of  nitrate  of  silver,  can  cause  the 
plate  to  keep  for  any  required  length  of  time,  and  still 
work  as  rapidly  as  usual. 

It  is  somewhat  singular,  that  MB.  SHADBOLT  and  my- 
self should  have  both  been  experimenting  in  so  com- 
pletely the  same  line,  as  his  process  seems  to  differ  from 
mine  in  no  essential  point,  except  that  of  my  mixing  the 
nitrate  of  silver  with  the  grape  sugar  or  honey  before 
applying  it  to  the  plate ;  whereas  he  leaves  a  very  slight 
excess  of  nitrate  on  the  plate  on  which  he  applies  the 
honey.  At  the  same  time  it  is  certain  that  MR.  SHAD- 
BOLT  is  a  discoverer  quite  as  independent  as  myself, 
although  I  believe  I  can  lay  claim  to  priority  of  publica- 
tion. In  the  process  which  I  subjoin,  I  have  adopted  his 
plan  of  washing  the  plate  with  a  weaker  nitrate  bath,  so 
as  not  to  introduce  too  much  of  that  substance  into  the 
syrup.  At  the  same  time  I  never  leave  it  out  of  the 
syrup,  as  he  does,  as  that  causes  unequal  development. 
To  prepare  the  syrup:  take  one  pound  of  best  white 
starch ;  mix  this  in  one  pint  of  distilled  water,  cold,  so  as 
to  form  a  thin  paste ;  then  mix,  in  a  china-lined  sauce- 
pan, or  glass  or  porcelain  vessel,  two  quarts  of  distilled 
water  and  one  ounce  of  sulphuric  acid ;  make  this  boil,  and 
add  little  by  little,  stirring  all  the  time,  the  starch  paste ; 
boil  this  for  fifteen  minutes,  and  then  pour  it  into  a  large 
bottle,  so  as  just  to  fill  it ;  place  this  bottle  in  a  saucepan 
filled  with  strong  salt  and  water,  make  the  whole  boil, 
and  keep  it  boiling  for  twelve  hours ;  the  bottle  must  be 
well  corked.  Pour  the  liquid  thus  produced  into  a  basin, 
and  add  whiting  to  it  as  long  as  effervescence  ensues; 
then  strain  it  through  a  linen  cloth,  and  having  filtered 
it  through  animal  charcoal,  evaporate  to  one  pint  and 
three  quarters.  Then  add  five  grains  of  nitrate  of  silver, 
and  one  ounce  of  alcohol,  and  place  a  lump  of  camphor  in 
the  bottle.  The  nitrate  of  silver  must  not  be  added  till 
the  syrup  is  quite  cold,  and  it  must  not  afterwards  be 
exposed  to  the  light  more  than  can  possibly  be  avoided. 
This  syrup  I  pour  over  the  plate  which  has  been  sensi- 
tised as  usual,  and  washed  with  a  bath  of  nitrate  of  silver 
half  a  grain  to  the  ounce  of  water ;  and  having  let  the 
plate  drain,  I  store  it  in  a  dark  box.  To  develope  the 
picture,  I  immerse  it  in  a  bath  of  500  grains  of  nitrate  of 


512 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


silver  to  the  pint  of  water,  which  must  not  be  used  for 
any  other  purpose ;  and  I  develope  with  pyrogallic  acid, 
or  gallic  acid,  which  answers  very  well  as  for  paper.  The 
above  is  the  best  method  of  preparing  the  syrup,  but  it 
may  be  prepared  with  the  ordinary  grape  sugar  of  com- 
merce, if  a  good  sample  be  obtained,  by  taking  — 
Grape  sugar  -  -  -  15  oz. 

Water          -  -  -  -       1  pint. 

Nitrate  of  silver      -  -  3  grs. 

Alcohol        -  -  -  1  oz. 

Where,  however,  good  honey,  old,  crystallised,  and  pale- 
coloured,  can  be  easily  obtained,  it  can  always  be  substi- 
tuted for  grape  sugar.  Should  the  nitrate  produce  a  pre- 
cipitate on  first  being  added  to  the  filtered  solution,  the 
grape  sugar  should  be  rejected  as  bad.  Mr.  Hockin,  in 
the  Strand,  sells  very  good  grape  sugar.  However,  for 
the  instantaneous  process  it  does  not  answer,  probably  on 
account  of  the  sulphosacharrate  of  lime  it  contains.  On 
the  instantaneous  process  I  must  add  a  remark  or  two. 
Great  care  must  be  taken  to  exclude  all  light  but  yellow 
light ;  four  folds  of  yellow  calico  only  just  suffice.  It  is 
not  so  much  the  quantity  as  the  quality  of  light  that 
signifies. 

Honey  appears  to  contain  at  least  two  kinds  of  sugars, 
which  exert  very  various  actions  on  nitrate  of  silver: 
these  two  sugars  are,  one  grape  sugar,  and  the  other  an 
uncrystallisable  sugar,  which,  spontaneously  with  age, 
becomes  grape  sugar.  In  proportion,  then,  as  the  latter 
is  contained  in  more  or  less  quantity,  does  it  act  more  or 
less  perfectly ;  and  when,  as  in  a  sample  I  have  obtained, 
it  is  nearly  pure  grape  sugar,  it  is  then  the  most  perfect 
substance  possible  for  our  purpose. 

Mr.  Heiimann,  of  Pau,  at  present  does  portraits  of  half 
the  size  of  life  by  means  of  my  instantaneous  process, 
with  a  Ross  landscape  lens  of  long  focus. 

P.S. — A  very  useful  little  instrument  is  sold  in  shops, 
under  the  name  of  "  Pese  sirops : "  it  is  of  French  origin, 
as  the  name  imports.  It  should  now  be  in  the  hands  of 
every  photographer.  This,  when  I  want  to  make  a  syrup, 
I  simply  place  in  the  distilled  water  I  am  about  to  use 
(having  previously  measured  it).  The  instrument  then 
stands  at  zero.  I  add  grape  sugar,  or  old  honey,  as  the 
case  may  be,  which,  in  dissolving,  raises  the  specific 
gravity  of  the  water ;  this  causes  the  instrument  to  rise, 
and  when  it  marks  twenty,  the  syrup  is  of  the  requisite 
strength.  Twenty  is  also  the  specific  gravity  of  the 
nitrate  solution  I  use  for  positive  pictures,  and  seven  for 
collodion  negatives,  by  this  same  instrument. 

F.  MAXWELL  LYTE. 

Hotel  de  France,  Argeles,  Hautes 
Pyrenees,  France,  Nov.  30,  1854. 

Spots  on  Collodion  Negatives.  —  GwENLLiAN  will  feel 
greatly  obliged  if  the  EDITOR  of  "  N.  &  Q."  will  inform 
her  as  to  the  cause,  and  prevention,  of  numberless  minute 
round  white  spots  which  appear  on  her  otherwise  success- 
ful collodion  negatives,  when  held  up  to  the  light ;  and 
which,  on  printing,  give  the  positive  an  appearance  of 
being  dusted  with  fine  black  sand?  This  does  not  alwavs 
occur  in  small  plates. 


tn  iHtnor  CUucvtaS. 

The  first  English  Envoy  to  Russia  (Vol.  x., 
p.  127.).  —  Although  the  Query  of  A.  B.  has 
already  drawn  two  interesting  Notes  from  very 
able  men,  may  I  be  permitted  to  call  your  readers' 
attention  to  Milton's  account  of  Sir  Jerom  Bowes? 
In  his  Brief  History  of  Moscovia,  he  tells  us  that 


Juan  Basiliwich,  having  sent  his  ambassador, 
Pheodor  Andrewich,  to  England,  touching  matters 
of  commerce,  the  queen  (Elizabeth)  sent  Sir 
Jerom  Bowes.  The  Dutch  at  that  time  had  in- 
truded themselves  into  the  Muscovy  trade,  which 
had  been  granted  to  the  English  by  privilege  long 
before,  and  had  made  friends  with  one  Shalkar^ 
the  emperor's  chancellor,  who  "  so  wrought " 
that  Bowes  was  but  badly  treated.  Like  a  true 
Englishman,  he  asserted  his  rights,  and  the  su- 
premacy of  his  royal  mistress,  and  with  such 
success,  that  the  emperor  openly  preferred  him, 
and  loaded  him  with  marks  of  distinction.  Un- 
fortunately the  emperor  died.  Shalkan  became 
the  chief  power  in  the  state,  and  imprisoned  Sir 
Jerom  in  his  own  house  for  nine  weeks,  and  after- 
wards sent  him  away  "  with  many  disgraces," 
which,  after  the  favour  he  had  enjoyed  from  the 
"  English"  emperor,  must  have  been  doubly  morti- 
fying. 

With  characteristic  daring,  Bowes,  "when  ready 
to  take  ship,"  sent  back  the  trifling  despatch  he 
had  received  from  the  new  emperor,  "  knowing  it 
contained  nothing  to  the  purpose  of  his  embassy," 
and  so  departed. 

Milton  gives  the  account  at  great  length,  and 
in  a  very  interesting  manner.  He  evidently  sym- 
pathises with  Sir  Jerom,  and  expatiates  on  his 
courage  and  address.  There  is  a  considerable 
difference  between  the  accounts  A.  B.'s  Query  has 
called  forth.  I  fancy,  however,  the  Quarterly  re- 
viewer had  Milton's  account  at  hand  when  writing 
his  article,  as  some  of  the  quotations  are  from 
Milton's  work. 

I  may  add,  that  Milton  gives  as  one  of  his 
authorities,  a  "  Journal  of  Sir  Jerom  Bowes."  Is 
that  "journal "  to  be  found  ?  Is  it  in  the  British 
Museum?  Such  a  fragment  would  be  deeply 
interesting,  and  is,  at  any  rate,  worth  looking  for. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  afford  a  clue  as  to 
its  whereabouts  ?  J.  VIRTUE  WYNEN. 

1.  Portland  Terrace,  Dalston. 

[The  document  consulted  by  Milton  is  probably  the 
following: — "A  Briefe  Discourse  of  the  Voyage  of  Sir 
lerome  Bowes,  Knight,  her  Maiesties  ambassadour  to 
luan  Vasiliuich  the  Emperour  of  Muscouia,  in  the  yeere 
1583,"  contained  in  Hakluy  t's  Collection  of  Early  Voyages, 
Travels,  and  Discoveries,  vol.  i.  p.  516.,  edition  1809,  4to. 
This  document  is  preceded  by  the  following :  —  "  The 
Queenes  Maiesties  Commission  giuen  to  Sir  lerome 
Bowes,  authorizing  him  her  highnesse  Ambassadour 
with  the  Emperour  of  Moscouie;"  and  "The  Q'ieenes 
Maiesties  letters  written  to  the  Emperour  by  Sir  lerome 
Bowes  in  his  commendation."] 

Latin  Poetry  (Vol.  x.,  p.  243.).—  I  refer  your 
correspondent  CPL.  to  "N.  &  Q."  of  Nov.  27, 
1852,  for  another,  and  as  I  think  better,  reading 
of  the  quatrain  beginning  "  Lucus,  Evangelii," 
&c.  S.  T. 

Leeds. 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


513 


Beech-trees  struck  by  Lightning  (Vol.  vi.,p.  129. 
Vol.  vii.,  p.  25.).— 

"  Fig-trees  and  cedars  are  rarely  struck  with  lightning 
the  beech,  larch-fir,  and  chestnut  are  obnoxious  to  it 
but  the  the  trees  which  attract  it  most  are  the  oak,  yew 
and  Lombardy  poplar;  whence  it  follows  that  the  last  are 
the  trees  most  proper  to  be  placed  near  a  building,  since 
the}'  will  act   as   so  many  lightning  conductors  to  it. 
Again,  the  electric  fluid  attacks  in  preference  such  trees 
as  are  verging  to  decay  by  reason  of  age  or  disease." 

This  extract  is  taken  from  Timbs'  Year-booh  of 
Facts  for  1848,  where  it  appears  as  a  quotation 
from  the  Mechanics  Magazine,  No.  1235.  In  the 
index  to  the  former  valuable  publication  there  are 
two  references  to  the  above  note  under  different 
heads,  and  to  different  pages.  This  is  evidently 
an  error  which  might  hereafter  be  corrected, 
should  another  edition  be  published.  W.  W. 

Malta. 

Kyrie  Eleison  (Vol.  x.,  p.  404.).  —  These  words 
in  the  Roman  Liturgy  are  of  high  antiquity.  St. 
Augustin  in  his  Epist.  178.  mentions  this  formu- 
lary as  in  use  among  all  Latins  and  barbarians, 
though  this  epistle  is  somewhat  doubtful.  In  the 
mass  this  Greek  form  is  retained  as  well  as  several 
Hebrew  words,  as  Alleluia,  Sabaoth,  and  Hosannah, 
as  having  been  most  probably  used  in  the  begin- 
ning, to  show  that  the  Church  was  one,  composed 
at  first  of  Hebrews  and  Greeks,  and  subsequently 
of  Latins.  Another  reason  might  be  to  com- 
memorate the  inscription  on  the  Cross  in  these 
three  languages.  The  second  Council  of  Vaison, 
in  529,  speaks  of  the  Kyrie  Eleison  as  in  common 
use.  Of  course  J.  R.  G.  is  aware  that  in  the 
Catholic  mass  ihe'Kyrie  occurs  towards  the  begin- 
ning, and  immediately  before  the  Gloria  in  ex- 
celsis.  F.  C.  H. 

Epitaph,  (Vol.  x.,  p.  421.).  — The  following  is, 
I  think,  more  terse  and  expressive  on  a  talkative 
old  maid  than  the  epitaph  which  appeared  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  as  above. 


"  Here  lies,  return'd  to  clay, 

Miss  Arabella  Young, 
Who  on  the  first  of  May 
Began  to  hold  her  tongue." 


F.  C.  H. 


"Emsdorff's  fame"  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  103.392.).— 
Residing  as  I  do  in  a  place  where  I  cannot  obtain 
access  to  the  Vocal  Companion,  or  anv  copy  of  the 
song  commencing  with  these  words,  will  AGMOND 
confer  a  favour  on  me  by  transmitting  a  copy  of 
the  poem  to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  for  publication  in  the 
columns  of  that  excellent  journal  ?  I  saw  the 
words  circa  1826,  in  a  song-book  published  by 
Mr.  Bolster,  of  Cork,  ird\a.i  re^/j/cos.  Major 
Charles  James,  the  author,  published  the  Military 
Dictionary,  several  poems  on  military  subjects, 
and  a  Collection  of  the  Sentences  of  General  Courts- 
martial,  from  the  last-named  of  which  works  I 


learn  that  the  officer  tried  at  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  in  1806  (Vol.  x.,  p.  386.),  on  the  charge  of 
"  prostrating  himself  on  the  ground,  with  a  view 
of  avoiding  the  fire  of  the  enemy,"  was  Captain 
.ZEneas  Sutherland,  93rd  Highlanders,  and  that 
the  court-martial  resulted  in  that  person  being 
cashiered.  The  trial  will  be  found  at  p.  226.  of 
that  work,  which  was  published  in  1820,  by  Mr. 
Egerton,  of  the  Military  Library,  30.  Whitehall, 
London.  JCVEKNA. 

General  Prim  (Vol.  x.,  p.  287.). —  In  1848, 
General  Prim,  bearing  the  title  of  Conde  de  Reus, 
filled  the  important  post  of  Captain-General  of 
the  Spanish  colony  of  Porto-Rico.  In  the  be- 
ginning of  that  year  the  slaves  in  the  French 
islands  had  obtained  their  freedom,  and  Governor 
Prim,  apprehending  that  the  cry  of  "  Liberty, 
Equality,  Fraternity,"  might  extend  to  the  co- 
lony under  his  command,  issued  a  proclamation 
to  the  inhabitants  of  Porto-Rico,  which  for  the 
severity  of  its  enactments  against  the  African 
race  is  unsurpassed  even  by  the  infamous  Code 
Noir  of  by-gone  days.  I  subjoin  two  short  clauses 
by  way  of  illustration : 

"  2nd.  That  should  any  individual  of  the  African  race, 
whether  free  or  slave,  take  up  any  weapon  against  white 
persons — though  even  provoked  to  do  so — he  shall,  if  a 
slave,  be  shot  dead,  and  if  free,  have  his  right  hand  cut 
off  by  the  common  executioner  ;  but  if  the  white  be 
wounded,  then  the  free  shall  also  be  shot  dead." 

"  5th.  That  if  any  slave  (which  is  not  expected)  should 
rebel  against  his  master  or  employer,  the  latter  is  allowed 
to  kill  the  offender  on  the  spot,  in  order  to  prevent,  by 
such  prompt  action,  others  from  rising." 

The  local  newspaper  from  which  I  extract  these 
particulars  adds,  that  in  1835  General  Prim  was  a 
sergeant  in  a  Spanish  regiment  of  infantry. 

HENRY  H.  BBEEN. 
St.  Lucia. 

Two  Brothers  with  the  same  Christian  Name 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  432.). — In  Anthony  Wood's  Athenee 
Oxonienses  are  biographies  of  two  brothers,  both 
named  John ;  sons  of  John  Hughes,  Esq.,  M.P. 
for  Hereford,  in  Henry  VII.'s  reign.  The  one 
was  a  divine ;  and  some  sermons  by  him  I  have 
seen  in  the  Bodleian  Library.  The  other,  the 
younger,  was  a  barrister  or  judge  of  the  Marches, 
'  linguist  and  poet."  Ben  Jonson  submitted  his 
works  to  his  revision.  His  Life  occupies  much 
space  in  the  Athens  Oxonienses,  and  far  more 
;han  his  brother's.  Both  were  at  New  College, 
Dxford.  From  the  sergeant  I  am  lineally  de- 
scended. PHILOLOGUS. 

"  Chare"  or  "  Char"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  435.).  —The 
ines  quoted  by  F.  are  from  the  old  Scottish  bal- 
ad  "  The  Gaberlungie  Man  : " 

"  Some  ran  to  coffers,  and  some  to  kists, 
But  nought  was  stown  that  could  be  mist." 

J.R. 


514 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  269. 


St.  Tellant  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  265.  334.). — In  the  list 
of  saints  given  by  the  Bollandists  in  the  last  volume 
for  the  month  of  June,  in  their  learned  and  truly 
valuable  AA.  SS.,  a  "  Sanctus  Tellanus,  Abbas," 
is  noticed ;  and  his  feast-day  is  set  down  as  the 
9th  of  January.  In  a  tract,  entitled  De  Prose- 
cutione  Operis  Bollandiani  quod  Acta  Sanctorum 
inscribitur,  and  issued  at  Brussels  A.D.  1838,  but 
now  become  excessively  rare,  among  the  Saints 
whose  lives  are  to  be  published  occurs  "  Teleanus, 
Ep.  M.  Landav.  in  Angl.  25  Nov."  To  me  it 
seems  that  the  Khosilli  bell  bears  the  name  of 
some  home-born  holy  Briton  —  either  the  abbot, 
or  the  martyred  Bishop  of  Llandaff — and  not  of 
any  Flemish  saint,  as  SELEUCUS  imagines.  In  the 
Natales  Sanctorum  Belgii,  by  Molanus,  no  saint 
with  a  name  anything  like  Tellant  is  to  be  found. 
From  a  copy  of  the  original  inscription  now  be- 
fore me,  I  find  it  is  not  Sancta  but  Sancte  Tel- 
lant, &c.  D.  ROCK. 

Bewick,  Sussex. 

Etiquette  Query  (Vol.  x.,  p.  404.).  —  The  term 
etiquette  is  misapplied  by  the  Querist.  It  is 
simply  a  question  of  rank  and  precedence.  What 
the  lady  acquired  by  marriage  she  loses  by  re- 
marriage, the  wife  following  the  status  of  her 
husband.  The  courtesy  title  not  being  the  lady's 
by  birth,  she  cannot  take  the  style  or  rank  of 
Honorable.  G. 

An  answer  to  the  "Etiquette  Query"  may  be 
found  at  p.  635.  of  Dodd's  Peerage  for  1852.  It 
is  there  laid  down  that  such  ladies  as  the  supposed 
Mrs.  Fergusson  Jones  lose  both  courtesy,  title, 
and  precedence  by  contracting  a  second  mar- 
riage :  "  for  it  is  held,  that  whatsoever  in  this 
respect  a  woman  gains  by  marriage,  she  loses  by 
marriage  — ' eodem  modo  quo  quid  constituitur, 
dissolvitur.'  Nevertheless,"  goes  on  this  authority, 
for  various  reasons,  "  it  is  perhaps  no  very  great 
concession  for  the  world  to  yield  them  the 
courtesy-titles  of  their  first  husbands." 

Newspaper-readers  may  recollect  a  correspon- 
dence not  long  ago  on  this  subject,  between  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  Norton  the  poetess  (wife  of  the  Hon. 
G.  Norton),  and  another  Mrs.  Norton,  who  had 
prefixed  the  "  Hon."  to  her  name  as  having  been 
the  wife  of  the  Hon.  Stewart  Erskine  :  a  corre- 
spondence in  which  anything  but  courtesy  was 
conspicuous.  R.  H.  G. 

Books  to  be  reprinted  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  171.).  —  Irby 
and  Mangles'  Travels  in  Egypt  and  Nubia,  Syria 
and ^  Asia  Minor,  during  the  years  1817,  1818. 
(Printed  for  private  distribution.)  Well  written 
and  full  of  accurate  information.  It  is  much  to 
be  regretted  that  the  work  was  never  published  ; 
and  it  would  still  bear  reprinting.  (Dr.  Robinson's 
Biblical  Researches  in  Palestine,  vol.  iii.,  Append., 
p.  24.)  ANON. 


Remarkable  and  authentic  Prophecy  (Vol.  x., 
p.  284.). — Allow  me  to  suggest  to  your  corre- 
spondent A.  B.  R.,  that  the  circumstance,  which 
he  describes  as  a  "  remarkable  and  authentic  pro- 
phecy," has  no  relation  whatsoever  to  the  present 
Emperor  of  France.  In  1823,  when  "Madame 
Mere"  uttered  the  language  in  question,  the 
grandson  who  occupied  her  thoughts  as  the  future 
Emperor  of  France,  was  not  Louis  Napoleon,  but 
the  Duke  of  Reichstadt,  King  of  Rome.  In  him 
alone  were  then  centred  all  the  hopes  of  the 
Bonaparte  family ;  and  to  him  alone,  until  the 
period  of  his  death,  did  they  continue  to  look  for- 
ward as  to  the  restorer  of  their  fallen  dynasty. 
True,  if  we  examine  the  expression  "grandson," 
apart  from  the  intention  of  Madame  Mere,  her 
words  assume  the  appearance  of  prophecy  :  but  if 
we  take  into  consideration  that  the  "  greatness," 
which  she  so  fondly  anticipated  for  the  Duke  of 
Reichstadt,  has  never  been  realised  ;  and  that  the 
"greatness"  achieved  by  Louis  Napoleon  was 
wholly  undreamt  of  in  her  contemplation,  your 
correspondent  will  I  think  agree  with  me,  that 
the  language  quoted  by  him  lacks  the  essential 
ingredients  of  a  true  prophecy.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Alefounders  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  307.  433.).  —  In  the 
Hale  MS.  (see  Three  Early  Metrical  Romances, 
published  by  the  Camden  Society,  p.  xxxviii.), 
which  contains  records  of  the  Court  Leet  of  Hale 
in  the  fifteenth  century,  amongst  persons  fined  we 
have  : 

"  Thomas  Layet,  quia  pandocavit  semel  ijrf.  Et  quia 
concelavit  le  fownndynge  pot,  iijd." 

The  word  is  found  in  the  early  English  Psalter, 
edited  by  Mr.  Stevenson  for  the  Surtees  Society, 
vol.  i.  p.  39. : 

"  Thou  fanded  mi  hert  and  bi  night  seked ; 
With  fire  me  fraisted,  and  in  me  nes  funden  -wicked- 

hede." 

Other  versions  are  given  in  the  notes,  throwing 
still  more  light  upon  the  word  : 

"  With  fir  thou  fondedest,  and  noht  esse 
Funden  in  me  wickednesse." 

"  Thou  fonded  mi  hert 


And  noht  is  funden  in  with  me, 
Wickednes  nan  for  to  be." 

What  sort  of  a  vessel  was  the  founding-poi  ?  It 
seems  to  have  been  kept  specially  for  the  beer- 
testing.  JOHN  ROBSON. 

Archaic  Words  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  491.  ;  Vol/x., 
p.  24.).- 

Advyse  agrees  with  the  definition  given  by 
Johnson  to  advised,  &c. 

Beclepe  is  the  A.-S.  beclyppan,  to  clasp. 

Daying.  We  have  a  derivative  of  this  in  our 
version  of  Job  ix.  33.,  "any  daysman,"  in  the 


DEC.  23.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


515 


eense  of  umpire.     Both  are  syngenesiac  with  the 
A.-S.  bdema,  a  judge. 

Foule  is  but  a  misspelling  of  full. 

Halowes  is  still  retained  in  the  substantive  sense 
in  the  vernacular  calendar  as  "All-Hallows'  Eve," 
&c. 

Lowdble  is  the  French  loudble,  if  it  be  not  rather 
loveable. 

Mowing  is  "making  mouths,"^  according  to 
Johnson,  and  can  hardly  be  considered  archaic, 
at  least  not  obsolete. 

Nosethrylless  is  the  A.-S.  nore-J>ypel,  nostril,  i.  e. 
nose-hole. 

Payne  was,  I  suspect,  in  pronunciation  the  same 
with  the  A.-S.  pi  nan  ;  and  is  hardly  obsolete,  since 
we  could  say  to-day  "  to  pine  thereon,"  &c. 

Rather,  A.-S.  paSup,  means,  primarily,  "that 
which  comes  first." 

Shenship,  A.-S.  rcynbe,  ashamed;  rcype,  condi- 
tion ;  i.  e.  a  state  of  being  ashamed. 

Shepster,  A.-S.  rcyp,  a  patch,  a  piece.  Thus,  in 
St.  Matt.  ix.  16.,  Niper  clafter  jryp,  a  piece  of  new 
cloth. 

Speed,  A.-S.  rpeb?  prosperity. 

Stickle,  A.-S.  rsicel,  a  sting.  So  the  passage 
given  by  Novus  would  signify  "the  conflict — 
provoked  by  the  Pope." 

Wair  is  the  A.-S.  piep,  a  pond,  and  our  English 
wear  or  weir. 

Warying,  A.-S.  pypmer,  cursing,  from  wergian. 

Welowying  is  drooping,  like  a  willow. 

Wonders  is  our  wondrous,  in  all  but  spelling. 

I.  H.  A. 

Baltimore. 

St.  George's,  Hanover  Square  (Vol.  x.,  p.  425.). 

—  The  house  in  which  Lord  Chancellor  Cowper 
died,  is,  by  an  error  of  the  printer  probably,  given 
as  23.     It  should  be  13.    It  may  be  the  fact,  that 
the  house  in  question  was  what  is  now  known  as 
No.  13.;  but  was  it  so  described  at  the  time? 
Even  after  the  middle  of  last  century  no  numbers 
are  prefixed  to  the  names  in  the  rate-books  of  the 
respective  occupants.  D. 

Leamington. 

Door-head  Inscriptions  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  412.,  &c.). 

—  The   origin  of  this  custom   may   perhaps   be 
found   in  the  Scriptures,  Deut.  vi.  9. :    "  Thou 
shalt  write  them  upon  the  posts  of  thy  house,  and 
on  thy  gates."     Jahn  says  : 

"  The  gates  not  only  of  houses,  but  of  cities,  were  cus- 
tomarily adorned  with  the  inscription  which,  according 
to  Deut.  vi.  9.,  xi.  20.,  was  to  be  extracted  from  the  law 
of  Moses ;  a  practice  in  which  may  be  found  the  origin  of 
the  modern  mezuzaw,  or  piece  of  parchment  inscribed 
with  Deut.  vi.  5—9.,  xi.  13—20.,  and  fastened  to  the 
door-post."  —  Upham's  Translation,  Ward's  ed.,  sec.  35. 

There  is  an  interesting  note  in  the  Pictorial 
Bible  on  Deut.  vi.  9.,  and  another  in  Ainsworth's 
annotations  on  the  passage.  It  appears  that  the 


custom  still  prevails  in  oriental  countries,  of  in- 
scribing passages  from  the  Koran  upon  the  en- 
trances of  their  buildings.  Among  the  Greeks 
and  Romans  it  was  common  to  place  an  inscription 
over  the  entrances  of  temples,  &c.  Examples  of 
these  are  still  in  existence.  Perhaps  the  most  ce- 
lebrated was  that  over  the  temple  of  Apollo  at 
Delphi,  "  Know  thyself." 

The  best  writers  have  availed  themselves  of  the 
idea.  Thus  Dante,  in  a  celebrated  passage  in  the 
Inferno,  represents  an  inscription  over  the  en- 
trance, which  consists  of  nine  lines,  of  which  the 
last  is  that  famous  one,  — 

"  Lasciate  ogni  speranza,  voi  ch'  intrate !  " 
"Abandon  every  hope,  0  ye  who  enter  here !  " 

And  John  Bunyan,  with  admirable  tact,  places 
over  the  wicket-gate  the  words,  — 

"  Knock,  and  it  shall  be  opened  unto  you." 

In  addition  to  the  inscriptions  already  given,  I 
remember  over  the  Grammar  School,  Welling- 
borough  : 

"  *iAojua0e<ri  multum  debeo,  barbaris  autem  nihil." 
I  forget  where  the  following  comes  from  : 

"  Love  not  prid.    Vnto  the  poore  be  helpynge. 

And  be  not  wearye  of  wel  doinge. 
Sir  William  Hericke, "Knight,  Fovnder  hereof,  1613." 

but  I  think  it  is  in  Leicestershire.  B.  H.  C. 

SoutKs  Sermons  (Vol.  x.,  p.  324.).  —  The  story 
alluded  to,  in  the  first  passage  of  which  N.  L.  T. 
desires  an  explanation,  viz.  "A  coal,  we  know, 
snatched  from  the  altar,  once  fired  the  nest  of  the 
eagle,  the  royal  and  commanding  bird,"  is  told  by 
Phsedrus,  in  the  twenty-eighth  fable  of  his  first 
book,  Vulpis  et  Aquila  : 

"  Quamvis  sublimes  debent  humiles  metuere, 
Vindicta  docili  quia  patet  solertize." 

The  eagle  would  not  restore  the  fox's  cubs  which 
she  had  carried  away  to  her  nest,  and  thereupon, 

"  Vulpes  ab  ara  rapuit  ardentem  facem, 
Totamque  flammis  arborem  circumdeclit." 

H.L. 

N.  L.  T.  will  find  the  subject  of  Wolsey's  disso- 
lution of  the  forty  monasteries,  by  consent  of 
Henry  VIII.  and  Pope  Clement  VII.,  for  the 
purpose  of  founding  his  colleges  at  Ipswich  and 
Oxford,  referred  to  at  greater  length  in  the  in- 
troductory address  "To  the  Reader"  of  Spelman's 
treatise  De  non  temerandis  Ecclesiis,  Oxford,  1841, 
pp.  49 — 55.  There  are  several  references  also 
which  will,  no  doubt,  enable  him  to  ascertain  all 
the  particulars  he  desires.  J.  SANSOM. 

The  Inquisition  (Vol.  x.,  p.  120.).  —  Colonel 
Lehmanowski  (not  Lemanouski  as  your  corre- 
spondent has  it)  is,  and  has  been  for  several  years, 
a  clergyman  in  good  standing  in  the  Lutheran 


516 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  269. 


Church.  He  resides  in  one  of  our  western  States, 
and  as  soon  as  a  communication  can  reach  him, 
inquiry  shall  be  made  as  to  what  it  was  that  he 
did  say  respecting  the  destruction  of  the  Inqui- 
sition in  Spain.  He  was  for  many  years  in  the 
French  army,  and  when  in  this  city  a  year  or 
two  ago,  he  delivered  a  series  of  lectures  upon  the 
horrors  of  war.  He  was  here  as  a  member  of  a 
synod  or  convention  of  his  Church. 

It  is  true  that  he  is  "a  refugee  Pole,"  and  in 
my  humble  judgment  the  circumstance  does  him 
honour.  So  long  as  there  is  no  Poland  on  the 
map  of  Europe,  the  man  is  not  to  be  sneezed  at 
who  refuses  to  remain  a  Russian  vassal  in  what 
once  was  Poland.  He  has  made  a  happy  exchange 
in  coming  to  this  country.  UHJSDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Earthenware  Vessels  found  at  Fountains  Abbey 
(Vol.  x.,  pp.  386.  434.).  —  I  think  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  vessels  described  by  both  your 
correspondents  were  acoustic  instruments.  Vi- 
truvius,  in  the  chapter  of  his  work  on  Architecture 
which  treats  "  Of  the  Vases  of  the  Theatres " 
(book  v.  ch.  v.),  recommends  that  brazen  vases, 
selected  and  arranged  according  to  the  laws  of 
harmony,  should  be  placed  in  cells  formed  within 
the  seats  of  the  theatres,  and  concludes  with  these 
words : 

"  If  it  is  demanded  in  what  theatres  they  are  made  use 
of,  Rome  cannot  show  any ;  but  the  provinces  of  Italy, 
and  many  cities  of  Greece,  can  show  them.  We  know 
also  that  Lucius  Mummins,  who  destroyed  the  theatre  of 
Corinth,  brought  to  Rome  the  vases  of  brass,  and  dedi- 
cated them  in  the  temple  of  Luna.  Likewise,  many  in- 
genious architects,  who  construct  theatres  in  small  towns, 
to  save  expense  make  use  of  earthen  vessels  to  help  the 
sound,  which  being  adjusted  according  to  these  rules, 
answer  the  intended  purpose." — The  Architecture  of 
Vitruvius  PoUio,  translated  by  W.  Newton,  Architect, 
London,  MDCCXCI. 

C.  FORBES. 
Temple. 

It  is  highly  probable  that  the  earthenware  jars 
imbedded  in  the  masonry  of  Fountains  Abbey, 
respecting  which  ME.  PEACOCK  inquires,  were  so 
placed  for  the  sake  of  assisting  sound.  I  have 
read  that  the  Romans  so  used  them  in  their 
buildings ;  and  that  they  have  been  found  so 
placed  in  the  walls  of  the  Coliseum,  but  have  lost 
my  reference  to  the  passage.  Owns. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,    ETC. 

Mr.  Russell  Sedgfield,  of  whose  exquisite  Photograph 
of  Salisbury  Cathedral  we  spoke  so  highly  some  twelve 
months  since,  has  commenced  a  series  of  illustrations  of 
the  principal  objects  of  interest  throughout  these  Islands. 
The  work  is  accordingly  entitled  Photographic  Delinea- 


tions of  the  Scenery,  Architecture,  and  Antiquities  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland;  and  Mr.  Sedgfield  hopes  to  be 
enabled  to  produce  about  eight  Parts  in  the  course  of  the 
twelvemonth.  The  subjects  of  the  present  are : — I.  The 
Norman  Tower,  Bury  St.  Edmunds.  II.  The  Abbey  Gate, 
Bury  St.  Edmunds.  III.  The  South  Transept  of  Norwich 
Cathedral,  the  details  of  which  are  given  with  exquisite 
minuteness  and  great  beauty.  IV.  The  West  Front  of 
Burham  Priory,  Norfolk.  V.  Part  of  the  Cloisters  of 
Norwich  Cathedral.  It  is  well  remarked  by  our  artist, 
that  however  beautiful  as  works  of  Art  may  be  the  views 
which  have  before  been  taken  of  the  spots  which  he  has 
chosen,  "  there  attaches  a  doubt  of  their  perfect  accuracy, 
which  detracts  greatly  from  their  value  as  faithful  me- 
morials of  the  objects  of  which  they  profess  to  be  a 
record."  This  objection,  it  is  obvious,  does  not  apply  to 
such  a  work  as  the  one  before  us :  and  we  know  no  higher 
gratification  to  our  students  of  topography,  than  that 
which  they  must  derive  from  the  contemplation  of  such 
truthful,  yet  artistic  pictures,  as  those  which  Mr.  Sedg- 
field supplies  in  these  Photographic  Delineations. 

Mr.  Murray  has  at  length,  by  the  publication  of  the 
seventh  volume,  completed  the  third  edition  of  Lord 
Mahon's  History  of  England  from  the  Peace  of  Utrecht  to 
the  Peace  of  Versailles,  1713 — 1783.  The  present  volume 
of  this  carefully-compiled  and  ably-written  work,  em- 
braces the  years  1780 — 1783,  and  has,  like  its  predecessor, 
an  appendix  of  original  documents,  which  adds  greatly 
to  its  value.  The  index,  that  important  division  of  all 
books,  especially  of  books  of  history,  which  are  books  of 
reference,  is  full  and  satisfactory. 

Our  numismatic  friends  will  thank  us  for  calling  their 
attention  to  the  Historical  Notices  of  the  Royal  and  Ar- 
chiepiscopal  Mints  and  Coinages  at  York,  by  Robert  Davies, 
F.S.A.  It  is  a  work  full  of  much  curious  and  interesting 
matter,  and  does  credit  to  the  industry  and  judgment  of 
Mr.  Davies. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  The  Works  of  Philo  Judaws,  the 
cotemporary  of  Josephus ;  translated  from  the  Greek,  by 
C.  D.  Yonge,  B.  A.  —  Vol.  II.  forms  the  new  issue  of  Bohn's 
Ecclesiastical  Library,  and  we  do  not  know  in  the  whole 
of  that  series  a  work  which  does  greater  credit  to  the 
enterprise  of  the  publisher.  —  Mr.  Murray  has  just  added 
to  his  Railway  Reading  two  small  volumes  of  essentially 
different  character  —  though  both  reprints  of  works  which 
"  have  made  themselves  famous."  The  first  is  Mr.  Henry 
Taylor's  Notes  from  Life,  in  which  the  author  of  Philip 
van  Artevelde  discourses  thoughtfully  and  impressively  on 
Money ;  Humility  and  Independence ;  Wisdom  ;  Choice 
in  Marriage ;  Children ;  and  the  Life  Poetic.  The  other, 
destined  to  please  a  wider  circle,  is  a  glorious  shilling's 
worth  of  humour,  being  the  Rejected  Addresses,  or  the 
New  Theatrum  Poetarum,  by  James  Smith  and  Horace 
Smith  ;  with  the  Authors'  latest  Corrections,  Notes  and  Il- 
lustrations. 


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ARCHBISHOP  BRAM  HALL'S  WORKS.    Vol.1.    8vo.    Oxford,  1842. 
BISHOP  ANDREWES'S  SERMONS.     Vol.  I.    8vo.     Oxford,  1841. 

DITTO  DITTO.      Vol.  V.    Oxford,  1843. 

BisHor  BETERIDOB'S  SERMONS.     Vol.  VI.    8vo.    Oxford,  1845. 
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MR.  J.  O.  N.  ROTTER  will  please  to  accept  our  thanks  for  his  very 
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Wright's  Essex,  vol.  ii.  p.  598. 

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No.  270.] 


SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  30.  1854. 


CONTENTS. 

Page 

Notes  on  Editions  of  "  The  Dunciad  "  517 

Dr.  Benjamin  Rush          -          -  -  520 

Monumental  Brasses,  by  F.  S.  Growse, 

&c.  -  -  -  -  -  520 

Kobert  Burns  -          -          -  -  521 

MINOR  NOTES  :  — Misprint  — Old  Al- 
manncs — Jerusalem  Targum  on  the 
Prophets  —  "  Clever  "  —  Cant  Names 
for  some  of  the  American  States  and 
th.  ir  Peoples  and  Cities  —  Many  Chil- 
dren born  to  the  same  Parents,  1630  -  521 

•QUERIES  :  — 
Dr.  George  Halley  of  York          -          -    523 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Peny-post  —  James 
Vitalis—  Edward  Jones,  Bishop  of 
St.  Asaph,  1692-1703  —  Ballad  of 
Richard  I — "Fasciculus  Florum  "  — 
The  Hare  —  Epigram  quoted  by  Lord 
Derby  _  Druid's  Circle  —  "Riding 
Bodkin" 523 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Pope's  "  Modest  Foster  "  _  Song  on 
the  Cuckoo  _  Tit  for  Tat  —  "  Hun- 
tingdon Stuigeon  "  —  "  Orbis  Miracu- 
lum  "  —  Well  Chapel— "  The  Modern 
Athens"  -  -  -  -  -  524 

REPLIES:  — 
Book?  burnt  by  the  Hangman,  by  W.  J. 

Fitzpatrick,  &c.    -  -  -  -    525 

"  Ex  quovis  ligno  non  fit  Mercurius,"  by 

A.Cliallsteth       -  -          -  -    527 

Dodo 528 

Edward    Lambe's    mural    Tablet,    by 

Henry  H.Breen  -          -  -    528 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :—  Tal- 
bot  v.  Laroche  -  -  -  -  528 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  — "Plus 
occidit  Gula,"  &c.—  Spanish  Reform- 
ation —  Stars  and  Flowt-rs  —  Descend- 
ants of  Dr.  Bill— Cromwell's  Irish 
Grnnts  —  Landing  of  William  III.  — 
"  The  Devil's  Dozen  "  —  Hazlitt's 
"  Essay  on  Will-making  "  —  The 
"Bovle  Lectures  — Andrea  Ferrara  — 
Richard  Lovelace— Curran  a  Preacher 

—  Hannah    Lightfpot  ;     Pcrryn     of 
Knisbtsbridge  —  Lines     at    Jerpoint 
Abbey  —  Boscobcl    Box  —  Molines   of 
Stoke-Poges  -  "  Rather,"  " Other  "  — 
The  Sultan  of  the  Crimea  —"  De  bene 
esse  "  -  "  Niagara."  or  "  Niagara  "  — 
Old   Jokes  —  Were  Cannon    used   at 
Crecy?  -The  Pope  sitting  on  the  Altar 
—Thames  Water- Urination  by  Cof- 
fee-grounds—Bryant Family- "Gou- 
cho  "  or  "  Guaeho  "  —  Brasses  restored 

—  The    Beginning   of  Morrnonisin- 
Chaucer'sParish  Priest— "  Oriel"      -    530 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.          -  -  -    53G 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted. 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


TESTIMONIAL 

DR.  DIAMOND.  F.S.A. 

The  eminent  services  rendered  by  DR.  DIAMOND  to  Photography,  and  through  Photo- 
graphy to  Archaeology,  have  given  rise  to  a  general  feeling  that  he  is  entitled  to  some  public 
acknowledgment  in  the  nature  o  f  a  Testimonial.  Scarcely  any  of  the  practisers  of  photography 
but  have  received  great  benefit  from  the  suggestions  and  improvements  of  DR.  DIAMOND. 
Those  improvements  have  been  the  results  of  numerous  and  costly  experiments,  carried  on  in 
the  true  spirit  of  scientific  inquiry,  and  afterwards  explained  in  the  most  frank  and  liberal 
manner ;  without  the  slightest  reservation  or  endeavour  to  obtain  from  them  any  private  or 
personal  advantage.  DR.  DIAMOND'S  conduct  ii  this  respect  has  been  in  every  way  so  pecu- 
liarly honourable,  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  many  persons  will  be  rejoiced  to  have  an  oppor- 
tunity of  testifying  their  sense  of  his  high  merits  and  their  own  obligations  to  him,  by  aiding  the 
suggested  Testimonial. 

To  give  expression  to  this  feeling,  a  Meeting  was  recently  held,  when  the  following 
Gentlemen  were  elected  a  Committee  to  receive  Subscriptions. 

COMMITTEE. 


JOHN  BRUCE,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
W.  DURRANT  COOPER,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
GEORGE  R.  CORNER,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
J.  J.  FORRESTER,  ESQ.,  F.G.S.,  &c. 
EDWARD  KATER,  ESQ.,  F.R.S.,  F.G.S. 
REV.  J.  R.  MAJOR,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  Hon.  Sec. 


THOMAS   MACKINLAY,  ESQ.,    F.S.A., 

Hon.  Treas. 

WILLIAM  SMITH,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
REAR-ADMIRAL  W.  H.  SMYTH,  K.S.F. 
WILLIAM  J.  THOMS,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS  RECEIVED  SINCE  FORMER  LIST. 


£   s.    d. 


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W.  R.  Drake,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis,  K.H.F.,  F.R.S. 

Rev.  W.  A.  Faulkner 

A  Fellow  of  the  Soc.  of  Ant.      - 

Thomas  Garle,  Esq.  - 

J.  Graham  Gilbert,  Esq.    - 

John  Green,  Esq.        - 

J.  O.  Halliwell ,  Esq.,  F.R.S .      - 

T.  L.  Mansell,  Esq.,  A.B.M.D. 

Henry  Pollock,  Esq.  - 

Subscriptions  received  by  all  the  Members  of  the  Committee.  Post-Office  Orders  to  be 
mnde  payable  at  St.  Martin's -le- Grand  to  the  Order  of  the  Hon.  Treasurer,  THOMAS 
MACKINLAY,  ESQ.,  20.  Soho  Square,  London. 


The  Ladies  Caroline  and  Augusta 

Nevill 

Christopher  Ranson,  Esq.   - 

Rev.  J.  B.  Reade,  F.R.S.    - 

T.  R.  Sachs,  Esq.         - 

F.  Siebe.  Etq.       ---.-.• 

C.  J.  Ward,  Esq.          - 

Simon  Waley.Esq.      - 

J.E.H.         -       -       -       - 


£  s.  d. 


-    1 


VOL.  X No.  270. 


Multce  terricolis  linguae,  coelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
LTJ  AND  SONS' 

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V  >  lished.  No.  16.  of  CHARLES  HILL'S 
CHEAP  CATALOGUE  j  including  Articles 
on  Biography,  Voyages  and  Travels,  Works 
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Application  to 

C.  HILL,  14.  King  Street,  Holborn. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


50,000  CURES  WITHOUT  MEDICINE. 

T\U    BARRY'S    DELICIOUS 

\J  REVALENTA  ARABICA  FOOD 

CURES  indigestion  (dyspepsia),  constipation 
and  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  nervousness,  bilious- 
ness and  liver  complaints,  flatulency,  disten- 
sion, acidity,  heartburn,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  nervous  headaches,  deafness,  noises  in 
the  head  and  ears,  pains  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  body,  tic  douloureux,  faceache.  chronic 
inflammation,  cancer  and  ulceration  of  the 
stomach,  pains  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach  and 
Between  the  shoulders,  erysipelas,  eruptions  of 
the  skin,  boils  and  carbuncles,  impurities  and 
poverty  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  o  ugh.  asthma, 
consumption,  dropsy,  rheumatism,  gout, 
nausea  and  sickness  during  pregnancy,  after 
eating,  or  at  sea,  low  spirits,  spasms,  cramps, 
epileptic  fits,  spleen,  general  debility,  inquie- 
tude, sleeplessness,  involuntary  blushing,  pa- 
ralysis, tremors,  dislike  to  society,  unfitness  for 
study,  loss  of  memory,  delusions,  vertigo,  blood 
to  the  head,  exhaustion,  melancholy,  ground- 
less fear,  indecision,  wretchedness,  thoughts  of 
self-destruction,  and  many  other  complaints. 
It  is,  moreover,  the  best  food  for  infants  and 
invalids  generally,  as  it  never  turns  acid  on 
the  weakest  stomach,  nor  inter'eres  with  a 
good  liberal  diet,  but  imparts  a  healthy  relish 
for  lunch  and  dinner,  and  restores  the  faculty 
of  digestion,  and  nervous  and  muscular  erergy 
to  the  most  enfeebled.  In  whooping  cough, 
measles,  small-pox,  and  chicken  or  wind  pox, 
it  renders  all  medicine  superfluous  by  re- 
moving all  inflammatory  and  feverish  symp- 
toms. 

IMPORTANT  CAUTION    against    the    fearful 
dangers  of  spurirus  imitations  :  —  The  Vice- 
Chancellor  Sir  William  Page  Wood  granted 
an   Injunction   on   March    10.   1854.   against 
Alfred   Hooper   Nevill.   for    imitating   "Du 
Barry's  Revalenta  Arabica  Food." 
BARRY,  DU  BARRY,  &  CO.,  77.  Regent 
Street,  London. 

A  few  out  0/50,000  Cures: 
Cure  No.  52,422  :  —  "  I  have  suffered  these 
thirty-three  years  continually  from  diseased 
lungs,  spitting  of  blood,  liver  derangement, 
deafness,  singing  in  the  ears,  constipation, 
debility,  shortness  of  breath  and  cough  :  and 
during  that  period  taken  so  much  medicine, 
that  I  can  safely  say  I  have  laid  out  upwards 
of  a  thousand  pounds  with  the  chemists  and 
doctors.  I  have  actually  worn  out  two  medical 
men  during  my  ailments,  without  finding  any 
improvement  in  my  health.  Indeed  I  was  in 
litter  despair,  and  never  expected  to  get  over 
it,  when  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  become 
acquainted  with  your  Revalenta  Arabica  ; 
which,  Heaven  be  praised,  restored  me  to  a 
state  of  health  which  I  long  since  despaired  of 
attaining.  My  lungs,  liver,  stomach,  head, 
and  ears,  are  all  right,  my  hearing  perfect,  and 
my  recovery  is  a  marvel  to  all  my  acquaint- 
ances. I  am,  respectfully, 

"  JAMES  ROBERTS. 

"  Bridgehouse,  Frimley ,  April  3, 1854." 
No.  42,130.  Major-General  King,  cure  of  ge- 
neral debility  and  nervousness.  No.  32,1 10. 
Captain  Parker  D.  Bingham.  R.N.,  who  was 
cured  of  twenty-seven  years'  dyspepsia  in  six 
weeks'  time.  Cure  No.  28,416.  Willia-"  Hunt, 
Esq.,  Barrister-at-Law,  sixty  years'  partial  pa- 
ralysis. No.  32, 814.  Captain  Allen,  recording 
the  cure  of  a  lady  from  epileptic  fits.  No.  26,419 
The  Rev.  Charles  Kerr.  a  cure  of  functional 
disorders.  No.  24,814.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Min- 
ster, cure  of  five  years'  nervousness,  with  spasms 
and  daily  vomitings.  No.  41,617.  Dr.  James 
Shorland,  late  surgeon  in  the  96th  Regiment, 
a  cure  of  dropsy. 

No.  52,418.  Dr.  Gries,  Magdeburg,  record- 
ing the  cure  of  his  wife  from  pulmonary  con- 
sumption, with  night  sweats  and  ulcerated 
lungs,  which  had  resisted  all  medicines,  and 
appeared  a  hopeless  case.  No.  52,421.  Dr.  Gat- 
tiker,  Zurich  ;  cure  of  cancer  of  the  stomach 
and  fearfully  distressing  vomitii  gs,  habitual 
flatulency,  and  colic.  All  the  above  parties 
will  be  happy  to  answer  any  inquij  ies. 

In  canisters,  suitably  packed  for  all  cli- 
mates, and  with  full  instructions  —  lib..  2s. 
9d.  ;2lb..  4s.  6d.  ;  51b.,  11s.;  121b.,22s.  ;  super- 
refined,  lib..  6s.;  21b.,lls.  ;  51b.,  22s.;  lolb., 
33s.  The  lolb.  and  121b.  carriage  fre<-,  <  n  post- 
office  order.  Barry,  Du  Barry,  and  Co.,  77. 
Regent  Street,  London;  Fortnum,  Mason,  &. 
Co.,  purveyors  to  Her  Majesty,  Piccadilly  : 
also  at  60.  Gracechurch  Street  :  330.  Strand  ;  of 
Barclay,  Edwards,  Sutton,  Sanger,  Hannay. 
Newberry,  i  nd  may  be  ordered  through  all  re- 
spectable Booksellers,  Grocers,  and  Chemists. 


- IODIDE    OF    SILVER,    exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

-A.  tographic  Establishments — The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION.— Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS.  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL, Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photograi  hie  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  is.,  2s._ 
and  3s.  6<7.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdon  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


INSTRUCTIVE  CHRISTMAS 

JL         AND  NEW  YEAR'S  GIFTS. 

ELEMENTARY  PHOTOGRAPHIC  AP- 
PARATUS, IN  CASE,  with  Instructions  for 
Use.  IOs.  and  12,«. 

ELECTHO-CHEMICAL  APPARATUS, 
IN  CASE,  with  Instructions.  7s.  and  10s. 

CHEMICAL  INSTRUCTION  AND 
AMUSEJiENT  CHESTS,  5*.  6d.,  7s.  trf.  , 
10s.  6(7..  fnd21.«. 

El  EMENTARY  COMPOUND  MICRO- 
SCOPE, with  Instructions,  10.".,  16s.,  and  20s. 

THE  STEREOSCOPE,  with  VIEWS  and 
Instructions.  7s  IW.  and  IOs.  6(1. 

ELEMFNTARY  ELECTRICAL  MA- 
CHINE AND  JAR.  with  Instructions,  12s.  6d. 

MATHrMATICAL  DRAWING  IN- 
STRUMENTS, IN  CASES,  3s.  6d.,  6s.  6d.,  and 
9*.  6rf. 

TELESCOPFS.  IN  CASES,  9s. 

OPTICAL  (OR  MAGIC)  LANTHORN, 
AND  SLIDES,  with  Instructions,  9s. 

POLYORAMA  AND  VIEWS,  12s.  and 
17s.  6d. 

E.  G.  WOOD,  Optician,  and  Manufacturer  of 
Philosophical  Apparatus,  117.  Cheapside, 
London,  late  of  123.  Newgate  Street. 

See  Elementary  Scientific  Papers  on  the 
above  subjects  by  E.  G.  WOOD,  free  by  Post 
on  receipt  r  f  Postage  Stamp. 

Orders  by  Post,  containing  Remittances  or 
Reference  in  London,  promptly  attended  to. 


Just  published. 

PRACTICAL    PHOTOGRA- 

J     PHY  on  GLASS  and  PAPER,  a  Manual 

containing  simple  directions  for  the  production 
of  PORTRAITS  and  VIEWS  by  the  agency 
of  Lipht,  ircluding  the  COLLODION.  AL- 
BUMEN. WAXED  PAPER  and  POSITIVE 
PAPER  Processes,  by  CHARLES  A.  LONG. 
Price  Is.  ;  per  Post,  Is.  6d. 

Published  by  BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians, 
Philosophical  and  Photographical  Instru- 
ment Makers,  and  Operative  Chemists,  153. 
Fleet  Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail,  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art. — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


THE  IODIZED  COLLODION 
manufactured  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO., 
2R9.  Strand.  L<  rdon,  is  still  unrivalled  for 
SEKSIT1VENFSS  and  DENSITY  OF  NE- 
GATIVE ;  it  excels  all  others  in  its  keeping 
qualities  and  iniformity  of  constitution. 

Albumenized  Paper,  17i  by  11,  5s.  per  quire. 
Ditto,  AVaxed.  7s.,  of  very  superior  quality. 
Double  Achromatic  Lenses  EQU>L  IN  ALL 
POINTS  lo  those  of  any  ot)  er  Manufacturer  : 
Quarter  Plate,  27.  ?g.  ;  Half  Plate,  57.  ;  Whole, 
107.  Apparatus  and  Pure  Chemicals  of  all 
Descriptions. 

Just  published, 

PRACTICAL      HINTS     ON 

PHOTOGRAPHY,  by  J.  B.  HOCKIN.  Third 
Edition.    Price  Is. ;  per  Post,  Is.  4d. 


!  COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

VV  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparati9n  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattamed  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phicul  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

The  Pneumatic  Plate-holder  for  Collodion 
Plates. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


"DOOKBINDING F.  SILANI 

It  &  CO.  (Successors  to  the  late  T.  ARM- 
STRONG), 23.  Yillitrs  Strtet,  Strand,  solicit 
every  Description  of  Woik  relating  to  their 
Art.  A  L^t  of  Prices  for  Cloth.  Half-calf, 
Calf,  Morocco,  or  Antique  Binding,  can  be 
had  upon  Applicatic  n.or  will  be  forwarded  for 
One  Stamp.  Bookbinding  for  the  Trade. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 
Manufactory,  24.  &•  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 

Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 
OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings.  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras.  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


MODERATEUR  LAMPS.  — 
EVANS,  SONS,  &  CO.,  respectfully  in- 
vite their  friends  and  the  public  to  an  in- 
spection of  the  extensive  and  beautiful  STOCK 
of  these  much-admired  LAMPS,  juft  received 
from  Paris,  embracing  all  recent  improvements, 
in  brorze.  or-moulu,  crystal,  alabaster,  and 
porcelain,  of  various  elegant  designs,  suitable 
for  the  cottage  or  mansion.  Show  Rooms. 
33.  KING  WILLIAM  STREET,  LONDON 
BRIDGE. 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


517 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  30,  1854. 


NOTES    ON    EDITIONS    OF    "  THE    DUNCIAD." 

(Concluded from  p.  498.) 

(H.)  THE  DUNCIAD.  WITH  NOTES  VARIORUM, 
AND  THE  PROLEGOMENA  OF  SCRIBLERUS.  LONDON, 
PRINTED  FOR  LAWTON  G1LLIVER  AT  HOMER*S 
HEAD,  AGAINST  ST.  DUNSTAN's  CHURCH,  FLEET 

STREET,  1729,  8vo.  In  two  out  of  four  copies  which 
are  before  us,  the  frontispiece  is  the  Ass,  with  the 

WOrds    DEFEROR    IN    VICUM    VENDENTEM     THUS   ET 

ODORES.  This  is  obviously  printed  from  the 
vignette  cut  out  from  the  engraved  title-page  to 
the  Dod  4to.  In  two  copies,  including  one  belong- 
ing to  Mr.  Peter  Cunningham,  with  Pope's  auto- 
graph on  the  title-page,  the  frontispiece  is  the 
Owl,  with  a  variation  which  is  described  in  our 
notes  of  edition  (I.). 

That  this  edition  followed  the  one  last  de- 
scribed (G.),  Dob's  defence  of  his  errata  shows 
pretty  clearly. 

This  volume  corresponds  generally  with  the 
preceding.  It  has,  however,  at  the  end  of  the 
index  an  address,  M.  Scriblerus  Lectori,  setting 
forth  certain  errata,  which  occupies  two  pages. 

(I.)  THE  DUNCIAD  :  WITH  NOTES  VARIORUM,  AND 
THE  PROLEGOMENA  OF  SCRIBLERUS.  LONDON  : 

PRINTED  FOR  A.  DOD,  1729,  8vo.  The  portion  of 
the  title  which  we  have  printed  in  Italics  is  printed 
with  red  ink.  With  precisely  the  same  fron- 
tispiece of  the  Ass,  as  the  preceding  edition. 
Indeed,  H.  and  I.  are,  with  the  exception  of 
the  title-page,  and  that  this  Dod  8vo.  has  not  the 
two  pages  of  errata,  perfectly  identical.  The  same 
errors,  which  in  (H.)  are  corrected  by  the  errata, 
are  to  be  found  in  Dod.  That  H.  and  I.  were 
printed  from  the  same  types,  the  following  instances 
of  misplaced  or  imperfect  letters  will  show  : 

Page  8.  1.  2.  of  Advertisement,  in  the  word 
"  liv'd,"  the  v  has  dropped  in  both  editions. 

Page  180.  1.  8.  Appendix,  the  word  "Reason" 
is  printed  with  a  battered  R;  and  in  p.  182. 
1.  26.,  in  the  word  "  length,"  the  g  has  dropped. 

NOTE.  —  Here  we  may  notico,  that  in  two  copies 
of  Gilliver's  8vo.  edition  (H.),  which  have  been  sent 
to  us,  we  have  found  inserted  an  additional  plate. 
In  one  copy  it  precedes  the  first  canto ;  in  the  other 
it  is  placed  at  the  commencement  of  the  second 
canto.  It  is  the  Owl  frontispiece,  but  with  vari- 
ations ;  and  is  from  the  oM?/-plate  which  appears  in 
the  later  impressions.  The  variations  are,  —  1.  In 
the  label  issuing  from  the  beak  of  the  owl,  where  we 
have  the  word  "Variorum"  introduced.  2.  In  the 
pile  of  books  on  which  the  owl  is  perched,  where 
"  Gildon  &  Woolston  agst  X*,"  takes  the  place  of 
"P.  &  K.  Arthur;"  and  "  Blackmore"  takes  the 


place  of  "  Newcastle."  The  copies  in  which  this 
additional  plate  is  inserted,  would  be  said  to  be 
in  their  original  binding.  As  Pope,  in  his  letter 
to  Swift,  dated  Oct.  9,  1729,  says  — 

"  If  in  any  particular,  anything  be  stated  or  mentioned 
in  a  different  manner  from  what  You  like,  pray  tell  me 
freely,  that  the  new  Editions  now  coming  out  here  may 
have  it  rectify'd," — 

it  is  possible  that  this  owl-plate  had  been  engraved 
for  the  purpose  of  being  used  for  the  Dod  edition 
(I.)  ;  which,  however,  appeared,  as  we  have  seen, 
with  the  Ass  frontispiece.  The  paragraph  is  im- 
mediately followed  by  another,  which  certainly 
does  not  clear  up  the  mystery  : 

"  You'll  find  the  octavo  rather  more  correct  than  the 
quarto,  with  some  additions  to  the  Notes  and  Epigrams 
cast  in,  which  I  wish  had  been  increased  by  your  ac- 
quaintance in  Ireland." 

Mr.  Malone,  to  whom  the  copy  of  H.  with 
Pope's  autograph  had  belonged,  has  inserted  the 
following  note : 

"  First  published  in  this  improved  state  in  4to  in  April, 
1729  (price  6s.  6d.),  near  a  year  after  the  first  production. 
In  8TO  same  month.  A  second  edition  'with  additional 
Notes  and  Epigrams'  in  Novr." 

Pope's  Letter,  which  we  have  just  quoted,  is 
however  dated  in  October ;  and  we  have  no 
doubt  it  refers  to  the  following  : 

(K,)  THE  DUNCIAD  :  WITH  NOTES  VARIORUM, 
AND  THE  PROLEGOMENA  OF  SCRIBLERUS.  THE 
SECOND  EDITION  WITH  SOME  ADDITIONAL  NOTES. 
LONDOX  :  PRINTED  FOR  LAWTON  GILLIVER,  AT 
HOMER'S  HEAD,  AGAINST  ST.  DUNSTAN'S  CHURCH, 
FLEET  STREET,  1729.  With  the  Ass  Frontispiece. 

The  words  we  have  put  in  Italics  are  printed 
in  red  ink. 

This  edition  not  only  contains  many  additional 
Notes  and  Epigrams,  as  those  in  p.  106.,  where  we 

have  an  epigram  attributed  to  the  Earl  of  B , 

against  those  who  had  libelled  "  an  eminent 
sculptor,  for  making  our  author's  bust  in  marble 
at  the  request  of  Mr.  Gibbs,  the  architect;"  but 
also  six  pajjes  of  "  Errata,  M.  Scriblerus  Lectori," 
paged  (1.  to  6.),  which  contain,  amonu  other 
things,  a  Letter  from  Dennis  to  Pope,  written,  as 
Scriblerus  phrases  it,  when  Dennis  was  "  tonch'd 
with  repentance  and  some  guineas."  This  edition 
has  some  cancels  in  sheet  P. 

(L)  THE    DUNCIAD:    WITH   NOTES    VARIORUM, 

AND  THE  PROLEGOMENA  OF  SCRIBLERUS.      MRITTEN 

IN  THE  YEAR  1727.  London  :  printed  for  Lawton 
Gilliver  in  Fleet  Street,  12mo.  Without' date. 
This  edition,  of  which  we  have  had  some  copies 
with  the  Ass,  and  some  with  the  Owl  (vnr'wrum) 
frontispiece,  although  without  date,  cannot  have 
been  printed  earlier  than  1733  ;  inasmuch  as  it 
contains  "  By  the  Author  a  Declaration,"  which 
purports  to  have  been  declared  before  John  Barber 
Mayor,  on  Jan.  3,  1732  ;  and  also  in  the  List  of 


518 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


Books,  &c.,  in  which  the  author  was  abused,  Verses 
on  the  Imitator  of  Horace,  Sfc.,  J.  Roberts,  fol., 
1733  ;  and  An  Epistle  from  a  Nobleman  to  a  Dr. 

of  Divinity  from  Hampton  Court  (Lord  H y), 

printed  for  J*.  Roberts,  fol.  1733. 

(M.)  THE  DUNCIAD  :  AN  HEROIC  POEM  TO  DR. 
JONATHAN  SWIFT.  WITH  THE  PROLEGOMENA  OP 
SCRIBLERUS,  AND  NOTES  VARIORUM.  LONDON: 
PRINTED  FOR  LAWTON  GILLIVER,  IN  FLEET  STREET, 

1736.     The  Ass  Frontispiece.     12mo. 

Here  again  our  Italics  denote  red  ink  in  the 
original. 

On  the  back  of  the  title  is  a  Table  of  Errata. 
This  edition  is  from  the  same  types  as  the  preced- 
ing, with  the  exception  of  the  title-page.  These 
same  errata,  though  they  are  not  pointed  out  in  the 
preceding  edition,  still  exist  there;  and  the  identity 
of  the  two  may  be  shown  by  reference  to  p.  178., 
Imitation  v.  15.,  where  the  word  "  innumer  CB"  is 
so  printed  in  both ;  and  p.  184.,  Rem.  v.  61.,  where, 
in  both  copies,  southern  is  spelt  "  southerrn." 

From  this  period  the  rival  frontispieces,  the 
Owl  and  the  Ass,  disappear,  and  with  them  all 
the  mystification  with  regard  to  the  dates  and 
precedence  of  editions  of  The  Dunciad  to  which 
they  so  materially  contributed. 

The  next  edition  is 

(Jf.)  THE  WORKS  OF  ALEXANDER  POPE,  ESQ., 
VOL.  If7.,  CONTAINING  THE  DUNCIAD,  WITH  THE 
PROLEGOMENA  OF  SCRIBLERUS,  AND  NOTES  VARI- 
ORUM. LONDON :  PRINTED  FOR  L.  GILLIVER  AND 
J.  CLARKE,  AT  HOMER*  S  HEAD,  AGAINST  ST.  DUN- 
STAN'S  CHURCH  IN  FLEET  STREET,  MDCCXXXVI. 
12mo. 

The  words  in  Italics  are  in  red  ink. 

This,  which  would  seem  to  form  a  portion  of  an 
edition  of  Pope's  works,  although,  like  the  pre- 
ceding, published  by  Gilliver,  &c.  in  1736,  is  alto- 
gether a  different  edition.  It  commences  with 
"  The  Preface  to  the  first  five  imperfect  editions 
of  The  Dunciad,  printrd  at  Dublin  and  London, 
in  octavo  and  duod.  1727." 

No  such  editions  were  printed  in  "  1727." 
This  preface  is  followed  by  the  "Advertisement 
to  the  First  Edition,  with  Notes,  in  quarto,  1728," 
whereas  the  first  quarto,  as  we  have  shown,  was 
published  in  "  1729."  In  other  respects  it  corre- 
sponds generally  with  the  preceding. 

(0  )  THE  NEW  DUNCIAD  :  AS  IT  WAS  FOUND  IN 
THE  YEAR  MDCCXLI.,  WITH  THE  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF 
SCRIBLERUS,  AND  NOTES  VARIORUM.  LONDON  : 
PRINTED  FOR  T.  COOPER,  AT  THE  GLOBE  IN  PATER- 
NOSTER ROW,  MDCCXLII.  (Price  Is.  and  6rf.) 
4to.  Tliis  is  the  first  edition  of  the  Fourth 
Book.  It  has  a  bastard  title,  "  The  New  Dun- 
ciad." The  title  is  followed  by  an  address  "  To 
the  Reader,"  in  which  it  is  stated  to  have  been 

"  Found  merely  by  accident,  in  talcing  a  survey  of  the 


library  of  a  late  eminent  nobleman ;  but  in  so  blotted  a 
condition,  and  in  so  many  detach'd  pieces,  as  plainly 
showed  it  to  be  not  only  incorrect  but  unfinished,"  &c. 

This  js  followed  by  "  The  Argument,  Book  the 
Fourth,"  which  occupies  two  pages.  "  The  Dun- 
ciad, Book  the  Fourth,"  beginning 

"  Yet  for  a  moment,  one  dim  ray  of  light 
Indulge,  dread  Chaos  and  eternal  Kight ! " 

commences  on  p.  1.,  which  is  surmounted  by  the 
same  copper-plate  engraving  as  that  which  heads 
the  First  Book  in  (F.)  the  Dod  quarto,  1729. 

This  edition  of  the  Fourth  Book  ends  on  p.  39. 
It  has  a  short  list  of  "errata,"  which  concludes 
with  this : 

"  N.  B.  In  the  Greek  quotations  in  general  are  some 
Errata,  occasion'd  by  the  absence  of  Scriblerus,  who  only 
of  all  the  Commentators  was  master  of  that  language." 

(P.)  THE  NEW  DUNCIAD  :  AS  IT  WAS  FOUND  IN 
THE  TEAR  MDCCXLI  ,  WITH  THE  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF 
SCRIBLERUS,  AND  NOTES  VARIORUM.  LONDON  I 
PRINTED  FOR  T.  COOPER,  AT  THE  GLOBE  IN  PA- 
TERNOSTER ROW,  MDCCXLII.  (Price  1*.  and  6d.) 
4to. 


This  edition  is  distinguishable  from  the  pre- 
ceding by  not  having  the  engraving  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  First  Book,  and  by  occupying 
44  pages  instead  of  39. 

(Q,.)  THE  WORKS  OF  ALEXANDER  POPE,  ESQ., 
VOL.  III.,  PART  I.,  CONTAINING  THE  DUNCIAD  NOW 
FIRST  PUBLISHED  ACCORDING  TO  THE  COMPLETE 
COPY  FOUND  IN  THE  YEAR  MDCCXLI.  LONDON: 

Printed  for  R.  Dodsley,  and  sold  by  T.  Cooper. 
1743.  Small  8vo. 

THE  WORKS  OF  ALEXANDER  POPE,  ESQ.,  VOL.  III., 
PART  II.,  CONTAINING  THE  DUNCIAD,  BOOK  IV.,  AND 
THE  MEMOIRS  OF  SCRIBLERUS.  NEVER  BEFORE 

PUBLISHED.  LONDON:  Printed  for  R.  Dodsley, 
and  sold  by  T.  Cooper,  MDCCXLII.  Small  8vo. 

The  Italics  here  again  denote  red  ink  in  the 
original. 

This  we  believe  to  be  the  first  perfect  edition 
of  The  Dunciad  in  Four  Books.  We  presume 
there  are  impressions  bearing  date  both  in  1742 
and  1743.  As  will  be  seen  in  the  copy  before  us, 
Part  II.  bears  the  former  date,  while  Part  I.  is 
dated  in  the  latter  year. 

Among  the  principal  articles  added  to  this  edi- 
tion, we  may  mention  that  we  have,  in  the  "  List 
of  Books  in  which  the  Author  was  abused," 

"  A  Letter  from  Mr.  Cibber  to  Mr.  Pope.  Printed  for 
W.  Lewis  in  Covent  Garden.  8vo." 

And  in  the  Appendix  the  following  articles : 

"  III.  Advertisement  to  the  First  Edition,  separate,  of 

the  Fourth  Book  of  The  Dunciad." 
"  V.  Of  the  Poet  Laureate." 
"  VI.  Advertisement  printed  in  the  Journals,  1730." 

And,  lastly,  the  following  mock  proclamation,  by 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


519 


•which  Theobald  is  dethroned,  and  Colley  Gibber 
elevated  into  his  place : 

"  By  Authority. 

"  By  virtue  of  the  authority  in  us  vested,  by  the  Act 
for  subjecting  poets  to  the  power  of  a  licencer,  we  have 
revised  this  piece;  where,  finding  the  style  and  appella- 
tion of  king  have  been  given  to  a  certain  pretender, 
pseudo-poet,  or  phantom  of  the  name  of  Tibbald;  and 
apprehending  the  same  may  be  deemed  in  some  sort  a 
reflection  on  majesty,  or  at'least  an  insult  on  that  legal 
authority  which  has  bestowed  on  another  person  the 
crown  of  poesy:  we  have  ordered  the  said  pretender, 
pseudo-poet,  or  phantom,  utterly  to  vanish  and  evaporate 
out  of  this  work :  and  do  declare  the  said  throne  of  poesy 
from  henceforth  to  be  abdicated  and  vacant,  unless  duly 
and  lawfully  supplied  by  the  laureate  himself.  And  it  is 
hereby  enacted,  that  no  other  person  do  presume  to  fill 
the  same." 

We  may  in  conclusion  remark,  that  the  words 
"  never  before  printed,"  in  the  title-page,  refer  to 
the  Memoirs  of  Scriblerus. 

(B,.)  THE  DUNCIAD,  IN  FOUR  BOOKS.  PRINTED 
ACCORDING  TO  THE  COMPLETE  COPY  FOUND  IN 
THE  YEAR  1742,  WITH  THE  PROLEGOMENA  OF 
SCRIBLERUS,  AND  NOTES  VARIORUM.  TO  WHICH 
ARE  ADDED  SEVERAL  NOTES  NOW  FIRST  PUBLISHED, 
THE  HYPER-CRITICS  OF  ARISTARCHUS  AND  HIS 
DISSERTATION  ON  THE  HERO  OF  THE  POEM: 

"  Tandem  Phoebus  adest,  morsusque  inferre  parantem, 
Congelat,  et  patulos,  ut  erant,  indurat  hiatus." 

LONDON  I    PRINTED    FOR   M.  COOPER    AT    THE  GLOBE 
IN    PATERNOSTER    ROW.       MDCCXLIII.       4tO. 

On  the  back  of  the  title-page  is  the  announce- 
ment that  — 

"  Speedily  will  be  published,  in  the  same  Paper  and 
Character,  to  be  bound  up  with  this,  The  Essay  on  Man, 
The  Essay  on  Criticism,  and  the  rest  of  the  author's 
original  poems,  with  the  Commentaries  and  Notes  of 
W.  Warburton,  M.A." 

This  is  followed  by  an  "  Advertisement  to  the 
Header,"  signed  W.  W.,  which,  although  of  some 
length,  we  must  give  from  the  light  it  throws 
upon  the  history  of  the  work. 

"  Advertisement  to  the  Reader. 

"  I  have  long  had  a  design  of  giving  some  sort  of  Notes 
on  the  works  of  this  poet.  Before  I  had  the  happiness  of 
his  acquaintance,  I  had  written  a  commentary  on  his 
Essay  on  Man,  and  have  since  finished  another  on  his 
Essay ^  on  Criticism.  There  was  one  already  on  The 
Dunciad,  which  had  met  with  general  approbation ;  but 
I  still  thought  that  some  additions  were  wanting  (of  a 
more  serious  kind)  to  the  humorous  notes  of  Scriblerus, 
and  even  to  those  written  by  Mr.  Cleland,  Dr.  Arbuthnot, 
and  others.  I  had  lately  the  pleasure  to  pass  some 
months  with  the  author  in  the  country,  where  I  prevailed 
upon  him  to  do  what  I  had  long  desired,  and  favour  me 
with  his  explanation  of  several  passages  in  his  works.  Il 
happened  that  just  at  that  juncture  was  published  a 
ridiculous  book  against  him,  full  of  personal  reflections 
which  furnished  him  with  a  lucky  opportunity  of  im- 
proving this  poem,  by  giving  it  the  only  thing  it  wanted 
a  more  considerable  hero.  He  was  always  sensible  of  it 
defects  in  that  particular,  and  owned  he  had  let  it  pas 


with  the  hero  he  had,  purely  for  want  of  a  better,  not 
ntertaining  the  least  expectation  that  such  an  one  was 
eserved  for  this  post  as  has  since  obtained  the  laurel ; 
)ut  since  that  had  happened  he  could  no  longer  deny  this 
ustice  either  to  him  or  The  Dunciad.  And  yet  I  will 
•enture  to  say,  there  was  another  motive  which  had  still 

more  weight  with  our  author ;  this  person  was  one,  who, 
rom  every  folly  (not  to  say  vice)  of  which  another  would 
ie  ashamed,  has  constantly  derived  a  vanity,  and  there- 
ore  was  the  man  in  the  world  who  would  least  be  hurt 

by  it.  —  W.W." 

We  may  add,  that  the  work  consists  of  xxxvii 
jages  of  introductory  matter.  The  poem,  notes, 
ind  appendix  occupy  235  pages ;  and  these  are 
'ollowed  by  the  "Declaration"  before  Barber 
Mayor,  and  Indices  which  are  not  paged. 

The  last  edition  which  we  shall  notice  is,  — 

(S.)  THE  DUNCIAD,  COMPLETE  IN  FOUR  BOOKS, 
ACCORDING  TO  MR.  POPE'S  LAST  IMPROVEMENTS, 
WITH  SEVERAL  ADDITIONS  NO  W  FIRST  PRINTED, 
AND  DISSERTATIONS  ON  THE  POEM  AND  THE  HERO, 
AND  NOTES  VARIORUM.  PUBLISHED  BY  MR.  WAK- 
BUSTON.  LONDON  :  PRINTED  FOR  J.  AND  P.  KNAP- 
TON  IN  LUDGATE  STREET,  M.D.CCXLIX.  8vO.,  (the 

words  printed  in  Italics  are  in  red  ink  in  the 
original),  with  a  frontispiece  illustrative  of  the 
lines  — 

"  All  my  commands  are  easy,  short,  and  full. 
My  so'ns !  be  proud,  be  selfish,  and  be  dull ! " 

What  these  "  Additions  now  first  printed  "  are, 
—  how  far  Pope's,  how  far  Warburton's  —  it  falls 
not  within  our  province  to  inquire.  We  shall,  no 
doubt,  in  due  time,  learn  this  from  the  editors  of 
the  forth  coming  edition  of  Pope's  works. 

To  those  gentlemen,  and  to  all  who  appreciate 
the  talents  of  Pope,  we  think  our  "  Notes  upon 
The  Dunciad"  may  not  be  without  interest. 

Havino-  taken  some  pains,  and  occupied  no 
.small  time  in  their  preparation,  we  feel  that  we 
are  entitled  to  make  one  request,  namely,  that  in 
any  future  discussions  on  the  subject  in  these 
columns,  the  writers  will  be  careful  to  distinguish 
the  precise  editions  of  the  poem  which  they  are 
quoting  or  referring  to.  We  have,  we  think, 
enabled  them  to  do  this. 


P.  S.  —  We  have  been  kindly  permitted  by  the 
Stationers'  Company  to  consult  their  registers  of 
the  years  1728  and  1729,  where  we  discovered  the 
following  entries  : 

"  May  30,  1728.  James  Bettenhnm.  Then  entered  for 
his  copy  of  The  Dunciad,  an  Heroick  Poem,  in  three  books. 
Received  nine  books." 

"  April  12,  1729.  Lawton  Gilliver.  Then  entered  for 
his  copy  The  Dunciad  Variorum,  with  the  Prolegomena 
of  Scriblerus.  Received  nine  books." 

"Nov. 21,  1729.  The  author  of  a  book  entitled  The 
Dunciad,  an  Heroick  Poem,  hath  by  writing  under  his  hand 
and  seal  assigned  unto  the  Right  Honourable  Richard 
Earl  of  Burlington  and  Corke,  the  Right  Honourable 


520 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


Edward  Earl  of  Oxford  and  Earl  Mortimer,  and  the  Right 
Honourable  Allen  Lord  Bathurst,  their  Executors,  Ad- 
ministrators, and  Assignes,  the  said  Poem  and  the  Copy 
thereof.  And  the  said  Earl  of  Burlington,  Earl  of  Oxford, 
and  Lord  Bathurst,  by  writing  under  their  hands  and 
seals,  have  assigned  unto  Lawton  Gilliver,  his  Executors, 
Administrators,  and  Assignes,  the  said  book  and  copy  of 
the  sole  right  and  liberty  of  printing  the  same,  and  also 
the  Prolegomena  of  Scriblerus. 

(Signed)    LAWTON  GILLIVER." 


DK.  BENJAMIN    BUSH. 

Although  unable  to  throw  any  light  upon  the 
subject  of  INQUIRER'S  question  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  451.), 
I  cannot  resist  the  temptation  of  sending  to  "  N. 
&  Q."  an  extract  from  a  recently-discovered  letter 
from  Dr.  Rush  to  a  friend  in  Philadelphia,  de- 
scribing a  very  peculiar  method  of  presenting  the 
freedom  of  the  city  to  strangers  which  prevailed 
in  Edinburgh  ninety  years  ago,  and  to  which 
allusion  is  made  by  some  of  the  English  novelists 
of  the  last  century.  I  have  heard  that  the  usage 
prevails  to  this  day  in  Rome,  Naples,  and  other 
Italian  cities. 

The  letter  from  which  I  quote  is  dated  De- 
cember 29,  1766  : 

"Edinburgh  is  built  upon  a  third  less  ground  than 
Philadelphia,  but  contains  double  the  number  of  inhabit- 
ants. I  think  they  compute  eighty  thousand  souls  in  the 
city.  The  reason  why  they  occupy  so  much  less  room, 
is  owing  to  the  height  of  their  houses,  in  each  of  which 
seven  or  eight  families  reside.  There  is  one  common  pair 
of  steps,  which  communicate  with  all  the  rooms  of  one 
house.  These  steps  are  open  and  exposed,  and  are  trod 
by  everybody  in  the  same  manner  as  the  public  streets. 
Dr.  Franklin  called  them,  some  years  ago  when  in  Scot- 
land, upon  this  account  perpendicular  streets.  The  inha- 
bitants, although,  they  live  together  in  these  their  human, 
hives,  are  entire  strangers  to  [one]  another.  There  is  a 
family  lives  above  me,  and  another  immediately  below 
me,  and  yet  I  know  no  more  of  their  names  or  persons 
than  you  do.  This  way  of  living  subjects  the  inhabitants 
to  many  inconveniences ;  for  as  they  have  no  yards  or 
cellars,  they  have  of  course  no  necessary  houses ;  and  all 
their  filth  of  every  kind  is  thrown  out  of  their  windows. 
This  is  done  in  the  night  generally,  and  is  carried  away 
next  morning  by  carts  appointed  for  that  purpose.  Un- 
happy they  who  are  obliged  to  walk  out  after  ten  or 
eleven  o'clock  at  night.  It  is  no  uncommon  thing  to  re- 
ceive what  Juvenal  says  he  did,  in  his  first  satire,  from  a 
window  in  Rome.  This  is  called  here  being  naturalised. 
As  yet  I  have  happity  escaped  being  made  a  freeman  of 
the  city  in  this  way,  but  my  unfortunate  friend  Potts  has 
gained  the  honour  before  me." 

J.M. 

Camden,  New  Jersey. 


MONUMENTAL    BRASSES. 

(Concluded  from  p.  362.) 

NORFOLK. 

Aylsham.  R.  Howard  and  wife,  1499. 

Beeston  Regis. 

Burgh.  John  Burton,  priest,  1608. 

Colney.  H.  Alikok  (chalice),  1502. 

Creak,  South.  R.  Norton,  abbot,  1509. 

Dunston. 

Holm  Hall.  W.  Curteys,  1490. 

Holm  by  the  Sea.  H.  Notingham  and  wife,  1410. 

Loddon.  Dionysius  Willys  (heart  and  scrolls),  1462. 

Loddon.  John  Blomevill'e  and  wife,  in  shrouds,  1546. 

Loddon.  Henry  Hobart,  Esq.,  1561. 

Loddon.  James  Hobart,  Esq.,  and  wife,  1615. 

Merton. 

Newton  Flotman. 

Rainham,  East.  R.  Godfrey,  priest,  1522. 

Reepham.  Sir  W.  de  Kerdiston,  1391. 

Sherbourn.  Sir  T.  Sherbourne,  1458. 

Snettisham. 

Snoring,  Great.  Sir  R.  Shelton  and  lady,  1423. 

Sprowston.  J.  Corbet  and  wife,  1559. 

Stratton,  Long. 

Swanton  Abbots.  Stephen  Multon,  priest,  1477. 

Tuddenham,  North.  Francisea  Skyppe,  child,  1625. 

Walsham,  North.  Edmund  Ward,  1519. 

Walsham,  North.  Robert  Wythe,  1520. 

Wingstead.  R.  Kegell,  priest,  1485. 

Worstead.  J.  Spicer,  1500. 

OXFORDSHIRE. 

Adderbury.  A  knight  and  lady,  c.  1460. 

Brightwell.  John  Cottesmore,  judge,  1439. 

Broughton.  Philippa  Byschoppesdon,  1414. 

Chalgrove.  Reginald  Barantyn,  1441. 

Checkendon.  John  Rede,  1404. 

Checkendon.  Walter  Beauchamp  (angels  and  soul), 
c.  1430. 

Crowell.  John  Payne,  priest,  1469. 

Deddington.  A  civilian,  c.  1370. 

Goring.  Elizabeth ,  1401. 

Goring.  Henry  de  Aldryngton,  inscr.  1375. 

Goring.  A  civilian  and  wife,  c.  1600. 

Harpsden.  Walter  Elmes,  priest,  1511. 

Holton.  W.  Brome  (now  mural),  1461. 

Oxford,  Cathedral.  Coothorp,  priest,  1557. 

Oxford,  Magdalen  Coll.  Three  loose  figures  of  priests, 
c.  1411. 

Oxford,  New  Coll.  R.  Ratcliff  and  wife  (mural),  1599. 

Oxford,  Queen's  Coll.  Robert  Langton,  priest,  1518? 

Oxford,  Queen's  Coll.  Henry  Robinson,  Bishop  of  Car- 
lisle, 1616. 

Oxford,  St.  Peter's  in  the  East.  Simon  Parret  and  wife, 
1584. 

Oxford,  St.  Mary  the  Virgin.  W.  Hawkesworth,  priest, 
1349. 

Oxford,  St.  Mary  the  Virgin.  Edmund  Croston,  priest, 
1507. 

Shiplake.  John  Symonds  and  wife,  c.  1540. 

Steeple  Aston.  John  Fox  and  wife,  1522. 

Yarnton.  Dr.  Nele  (in  shroud,  mural),  1500. 

Yarnton.  W.  Fletcher,  alderman,  1826. 

SHROPSHIRE. 

Adderley. 

Edgmond.  A  man  and  wife,  1525. 

SOMERSETSHIRE. 

Hutton.  Thomas  Payne  and  wife,  1528. 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


521 


STAFFORDSHIRE. 

Blore.  Wm.  Basset  and  wife,  1492  ? 

SUFFOLK. 

Belstead.  A  knight  and  two  wives,  c.  1530. 

Benhall.  Ambrose  Duke,  Esq.,  and  wife,  1601. 

Boxford.  David  Birde,  child  in  bed,  1606. 

Hadleigh.  John  Alabaster,  1637. 

Hadleigh.  Thomas  Foorthe  (shield),  1599. 

Hawstead.   Ursula  Allington,  c.  1540. 

Hawstead.  A  female  figure,  small,  c.  1510. 

Hawstead.  A  man,  small,  c.  1500. 

Ipswich,  St.  Mary  Quay.  A  female  figure,  c.  1580. 

Ipswich,  St.  Mary  Tower.  A  notary,  c.  1475. 

Ipswich,  St.  Mary  Tower.    Thomas  Drayle    and  two 

wives,  1500. 

Ipswich,  St,  Mary  Tower.  A  man  and  two  wives,  c.  1500. 
Ipswich,  St.  Nicholas.  A  man  (wife  lost),  c.  1500. 
Lavenham.  Clopton  D'Ewes,  child,  1627. 
Melford,  Long.  Lady  Clopton,  with  canopy,  c.  1480. 
Melton.  A  priest  and  his  parents,  c.  1430. 
Neyland.  Fragments  of  a  canopy,  lost. 
Petistre.  Francis  Bacon  and  wives,  1580. 
Preston.  Robert  Byce  and  wife  (shields),  1638. 
Redgrave. 

Saxham,  Great.  John  Eldred,  1632. 
Stutton.  A  priest,  lost. 
Ufford.  A  civilian  and  three  wives,  c.  1480. 

SURREY. 

Bookham,  Great.  Elizabeth  Slyfeld,  1433. 
Bookham,  Great.  Henry  Slyfeld  and  wife,  1598. 
Ditton,  Long.  R.  Casteltum  and  wife,  1527. 
Ditton,  Thames.  Robert  Smythe  and  wife,  1549. 
Ditton,  Thames.  William  Notte  and  wife,  1587. 
Nuttiekl.  W.  Grafton  and  wife,  c.  1450. 
Pepperharrow.  Joan  Brokes  (mural),  1487. 
Thorpe.  W.  Denham  and  wife  (mural),  1583. 

SUSSEX. 
Lindfield,  Stephen  Boarde  (head),  1567. 

WILTSHIRE. 

Broad  Blunsden.  Bury  Blunsden,  1608. 
Upton  Lovell.  A  priest  (demi-figure),  c.  1430. 

WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Alvechurch.  Philip  Chatwyn,  1524. 

YORKSHIRE. 

Allerton  Mauleverer.    Sir Mauleverer  and  lady, 

c.  1400. 

Catterick.  Wm.  Burghs  (two  figures),  1465. 
Masham.  Christopher  Kay,  168'J. 

F.  S.  GROWSE. 
Ipswich. 

Monumental  Brasses. — A  brass,  with  the  date 
1611,  to  Anne  Abbott  may  be  seen  in  Hartlands 
Church,  Devon.  A  collection  of  the  few  brasses 
in  Cornwall  and  Devonshire  would  be  worthy  the 
attention  of  some  tourist  with  time  to  spare. 

DUNHEOED. 


ROBERT    BURNS. 


Brash  and  Reid,  booksellers  in  Glasgow,  printed 
three  volumes  of  Poetry,  original  and  selected,  in 
penny  numbers,  which  are  without  date,  but  may 


be  stated  about  1794  onwards.  In  one  of  these 
numbers  relating  to  the  death  of  Robert  Burns, 
July  21,  1796,  I  iind  the  following  lines  given  as 

"  Written  by  Himself. 

"  The  simple  Bard,  unbroke  by  rules  of  art, 
Pours  forth  the  wild  effusions  of  the  heart ; 
And,  if  inspired,  'tis  nature's  powers  inspire, 
Her's  all  the  melting  thrill,  her's  all  the  kindling  fire." 

Mr.  Allan  Cunningham,  who  published  the  works 
of  Burns  in  8  vols.,  1834,  has  not,  so  far  as  I 
have  observed,  included  the  above  lines,  nor  has 
Dr.  Currie  noticed  them.  I  have  no  doubt,  how- 
ever, they  are  genuine  of  the  poet ;  and  that  Brash 
and  Reid  had  procured  them  from  some  of  his 
MSS.,  to  which  they  appear  to  have  had  access, 
from  the  circumstance  of  their  having  printed 
before  his  death  a  copy  of  "  Tarn  O'  Shanter " 
containing  the  suppressed  passage  : 

"  Three  lawyers'  tongues  turn'd  inside  out 
Wi'  lies  seem'd  like  a  beggar's  clout, 
And  Priests'  hearts  rotten  black  as  muck 
Lay  stinking  rile  in  every  neuk" 

Although  the  four  first-mentioned  lines  may  not 
be  considered  of  any  high  importance  in  a  literary 
point  of  view,  yet,  as  a  relic  of  the  poet,  they  might 
be  introduced  into  some  new  edition  of  his  works. 
I  may  be  allowed  to  say  as  my  opinion,  that  I 
despair  for  the  future  of  a  better-written  life  than 
that  by  Mr.  Cunningham,  and  of  our  ever  obtaining 
a  more  copious  set  of  good  general  illustrative  note* 
to  the  poetry.  He  bestowed  the  greatest  pains  on 
both  departments  of  the  subjects,  and  there  may 
be  added  a  short  extract  from  one  of  his  letters  to 
the  writer,  dated 

"  27.  Belgrave  Place,  8th  Jan.  1834. —  In  respect  to  the 
Life,  a  third  of  it  is  new,  so  are  many  of  the  anecdotes, 
and  I  am  willing  to  stand  or  fall  as  an  author  by  it." 

G.N. 


Misprint.  — In  the  sixth  line  of  my  Query  re- 
specting the  word  "  Nominal "  (p.  486.),  there  is  an 
awkward  misprint ;  "and  I  think  it  was  intended" 
being  printed  instead  of  "  and  that  it  was  intended." 
Upwards  of  thirty  years'  experience  in  connexion 
with  the  press  has  taught  me  to  be  very  lenient 
towards  "  misprints  : "  I  like  this  English  word 
better  than  "  errata,"  and,  although  I  flatter  my- 
self that  my  penmanship  is  quite  equal  to  that  of 
the  average  of  the  correspondents  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
I  will  not  blame  either  the  compositor  or  the 
reader.  The  difficulty  of  detecting  typographical 
errors  is  much  greater  than  the  uninitiated  are  in- 
clined to  believe ;  and  I  have  often  observed  that, 
if  the  spelling  be  correct,  a  wrong  word  is  very 
apt  to  remain  undetected.  Perhaps  it  may  amuse 
some  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  if  I  cite  two 
singular  misprints  which  have  recently  come  under 


522 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


my  own  notice.  In  Shakspeare's  Merchant  of 
Venice,  Act  III.  Scene  2.,  Portia  speaks  of 

" young  Alcides,  when  he  did  redeem 

The  virgin-tribute  paid  by  howling  Troy." 

In  an  edition  now  before  me,  it  is  printed  "  howl- 
ing Tory."  In  a  short  biographical  notice  of  Pope, 
which  I  compiled  for  an  edition  of  his  poems,  I 
briefly  enumerated  his  prose  works,  amongst  which 
I  named  his  "  Memoirs  of  a  Parish  Priest."  When 
the  proof  came  before  me,  I  found  that  the  com- 
positor had  set  it  "  Memoirs  of  a  Paint  Brush." 

H.  MAETIN. 
Halifax. 

Old  Almanacs.  —  Having  lately  stumbled  upon 
the  following  communication  in  the  columns  of 
the  Glasgow  Reformer  s  Gazette,  I  think  it  is  every 
way  worthy  to  be  transplanted  into  the  preserves 
of  "  N.  &  Q." 

"  'Tis  an  oft-repeated  saying  that  '  there  is  nothing  so 
valueless  as  an  old  almanac ;'  but  I  question  much  whe- 
ther the  same  may  be  applied  to  the  fact  I  am  about  to 
communicate,  of  having  recently  purchased  '  An  unique 
and  extraordinary  collection  of  Edinburgh  Almanacs,'  from 
the  year  1745  to  the  year  1853  inclusive  (comprehending 
a  period  of  109  years") ;  as  such  a  repository  of  standard 
statistics  must  prove  a  source  of  reference  and  information 
highly  valuable  to  the  whole  tribe  of  antiquarian  and 
historical  literati.  The  lot  has  been  selected  direct  from 
the  Reliqua  Antiqua  Collectanea  of  a  celebrated  Edin- 
burgh bibliopole  (Mr.  Stevenson),  and  I  have  been  anxious 
to  trace  the  '  antiquated  pedigree  of  paternity '  to  whom 
this  collection  of  almanacs  originally  belonged ;  but  as  yet 
without  effect,  farther  than  that  they  had  been  previously 
bought  at  one  of  Messrs.  Tait  and  Nisbet's  book-sales :  the 
collector,  however,  must  have  been  a  rare  old  bookworm. 
But  '  peace  to  the  manes'  of  the  great  unknown,  —  as  it  is 
just  such  a 'rare  lot'  as  the  present  owner  has  been  in 
quest  of  for  many  a  long  day ;  and  now  that  he  has  pos- 
sessed it,  the  series  shall  go  on  progressing,  with  an 
addition  to  the  family  '  every  ensuing  year,'  so  long  as  he 
lives,  and  will  afterwards  be  handed  down  as  an  '  heir- 
loom,' to  be  continued  in  perpetuity. —  A  Collector  o'  Auld 
Afick  Jackets." 

VlGILANS. 

Glasgow. 

Jerusalem  Targum  on  the  Prophets. — 

"  I  will  pour  over  (n  £>fcO  ^5JJ  ?)  David's  house 
and  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  the  spirit  of  prophecy 
and  of  sincere  prayer.  Thereafter  will  the  Messiah,  the 
son  of  Ephraim,  proceed  to  commence  war  with  Gog. 
Him  will  Gog  kill  before  the  gates  of  Jerusalem 
Me  will  they  consult  thereon ;  and  ask,  Why  have 
the  people  pierced  the  Messiah,  the  son  of  Ephraim  ? 
And  they  will  mourn  over  him  as  a  father  and  mother 
over  an  only  son,  and  lament  him  as  a  first-born."  — 
Zech.  xii.  10. 

This  is  the  only  fragment  extant  from  the  Jeru- 
salem Targum  on  the  Prophets.  (See  Bruns,  Rep. 
f.  Bibl.  und  Morg.  Litt.,  Th.  xv.  s.  174. ;  Eich- 
horn,  Einl.  A.  T.  i.  s.  426.  §  236.  b.)  The  Jeru- 
salem Targum  on  the  Pentateuch  was  compiled, 
according  to  Eichhorn,  long  after  the  sixth  cen- 


tury. He  designates  it  a  mere  botch,  "em  elendes 
Flickwerk."  A  writer  in  the  Journal  of  Sacred 
Literature,  on  the  blessing  of  Jacob  (vol.  ii.),  ap- 
pears to  be  unaware  of  this  decisive  judgment  of 
Eichhorn,  the  greatest  of  biblical  critics,  notwith- 
standing his  defects  as  a  dogmatic  theologian. 

The  Jerusalem  commentator  evidently  intends 
the  above  passage  on  Zechariah  to  apply  to  the 
Lord  Jesus.  Gog  is  here  used  for  the  Romans, 
but  ignorantly,  as  this  word  designates  the  Scy- 
thians or  Sclavonians  in  the  genuine  Hebrew 
writings,  comprehending,  according  to  Arabian 
geographers,  the  confines  of  China.  Gen.  x.  2.  ; 
Ezech.  xxxviii.  2.  &c.,  xxxix.  3. 

T.  J.  BCCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

"  Clever"  —  The  word  clever  is  used  in  a  pecu- 
liar sense  in  this  part  of  Norfolk  (East).  The 
common  people  invariably  use  it  (as  applied  to 
individuals)  in  the  sense  of  "  honest-respectable," 
and  pronounce  it  claver :  thus,  "  Oh  yes,  Sir,  I 
always  heerd  he  was  a  very  claver  man" —  without 
any  reference  to  his  skill  as  a  workman,  or  to  his 
scholarship,  but  simply  as  to  his  honesty  and  good 
conduct.  .  J.  L.  S. 

Cant  Names  for  some  of  the  American  States 
and  their  Peoples  and  Cities.  —  Maine  is  the  Star 
in  the  East ;  New  Hampshire  the  Granite  State ; 
Vermont  the  Green  Mountain  State ;  Massachu- 
setts the  Bay  State ;  Connecticut  the  Land  of 
Steady  Habits ;  New  York  the  Empire  State ; 
Pennsylvania  the  Keystone  State;  Virginia  the 
Ancient  Dominion  ;  North  Carolina  the  Turpen- 
tine State  ;  South  Carolina  the  Palmetto  State  ; 
and  Ohio  the  Buckeye  State  (from  the  buckeye 
tree,  common  in  it). 

The  Vermonters  are  called  Green  Mountain 
Boys ;  the  people  of  Ohio,  Buckeyes ;  those  of 
Kentucky,  Corncrackers  ;  those  of  Indiana,  Hoo- 
siers  ;  those  of  Michigan,  Wolverines ;  those  of 
Illinois,  Suckers  ;  and  those  of  Missouri,  Pukes.  ^ 

New  York  is  the  Empire  City;  Philadelphia 
the  Quaker  City ;  Baltimore  the  Monumental 
City  ;  New  Orleans  the  Crescent  City  ;  and  Wash- 
ington the  City  of  Magnificent  Distances. 

UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Many  Children  lorn  to  the  same  Parents,  1630. 
—  Brand  relates,  that  several  children  were  in 
this  year  living  in  Newcastle-upon-Tyne ;  the 
mother,  a  Scotchwoman,  wife  to  a  weaver,  having 
borne  to  him  sixty-two  children,  all  of  whom 
lived  till  they  were  baptized.  (Borderer's  Table- 
book.')  ANOH. 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


523 


DE.    GEOEGE   HALLEY   OF    YOEK. 

The  descendants  of  the  Rev.  G.  Halley,  of  York, 
D.D.,  who  died  anno  1708,  and  at  his  death  was 
succentor  of  the  Vicars  Choral  in  York  Cathedral, 
will  be  obliged  to  any  of  your  correspondents  for 
Information  showing  how  the  Doctor  was  related  to 
the  Hesketh  family  of  Heslington,  in  the  vicinity 
of  York.  Dr.  Halley  became  one  of  the  vicars 
anno  1682,  and  by  his  will,  dated  in  1708,  ap- 
pointed his  sister,  Mrs.  Mary  Hesketh,  one  of  his 
trustees.  In  family  settlements,  dated  in  1709 
and  1714,  she  is  described  of  York  ;  and  in  one  of 
them  called  spinster,  but  in  the  other  a  widow. 
At  Heslington,  there  certainly  resided  a  Thomas 
Hesketh  (who  is  said  to  have  been  the  representa- 
tive of  a  younger  branch  of  the  ancient  Lancashire 
family  of  the  same  name),  and  Jane  his  wife ;  and 
they  had  a  son,  Thomas,  who  married  to  his  first 
wife  Mary  Bethell,  and  to  his  second  wife  Mary 
Condon,  and  he  died  anno  1653,  aged  forty-three. 
The  son  had  two  daughters,  namely,  Ann  and  Mary, 
and  these  daughters  were  his  coheiresses,  and 
ancestors  of  the  present  families  of  Yarburgh  of 
Heslington,  and  Norcliffe  of  Langton  in  Yorkshire. 
Thomas  Hesketh,  Esq.,  of  Heslington,  became  a 
trustee  under  the  settlement  made  upon  the  mar- 
riage of  Dr.  Halley's  only  daughter,  Lois,  with 
Henry  Stephenson,  in  1706;  and  James  Yarburgh, 
Esq.  (who  married  Ann  Hesketh),  was  a  trustee 
tinder  family  settlements  relating  to  the  Halley 
property,  made  in  1714  and  1716.  A  grandson 
of  Dr.  Halley  would  seem  to  have  acted  as  steward 
or  agent  for  Mrs.  Mary  Norclifle ;  at  least  an 
original  receipt,  dated  anno  1734,  and  given  by 
that  lady  to  the  grandson,  described  the  money  re- 
ceived as  the  rent  for  Howsam,  Heslington,  and 
Eddlethorpe,  to  Michaelmas,  1733.  Mary,  the 
daughter  of  the  Eev.  Cuthbert  Hesketh,  was 
buried  in  the  parish  church  of  Saint  Lawrence,  in 
the  suburbs  of  York  (in  which  parish  Heslington 
is  locally  situate),  on  the  27th  of  October,  1718, 
aged  fifty-seven. 


Peny-post.  —  A  correspondent  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  8.) 
<3rew  attention  to  a  Note  by  Mr.  Smith,  the 
editor  of  the  Grenville  Correspondence,  wherein  we 
were  informed  that  more  than  one  of  Junius's 
letters  were  sent  through  the  same  post-office,  in- 
ferred from  the  post-mark  —  "  peny-post  paid"  — 
a  peculiarity  in  the  spelling  not  likely,  he  thoiight, 
often  to  be  met  with.  I  confess  that  I  thought  so 
too,  and  have  therefore,  as  he  suggested,  looked 
attentively  at  the  post-mark  on  letters  of  the  period 
in  the  hope  of  fixing  the  locality  of  this  peny- 
post  office,  but  have  not  been  successful  in  finding 


a  single  example  from  1769  to  1772.  I  have  how- 
ever found  many  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  century; 
one  in  or  about  1708,  one  in  or  about  1745,  and 
one  on  a  letter  from  Pope  to  Richardson,  sold  re- 
cently at  Sotheby's  ;  and  in  the  preface  to  Memoirs 
of  the  Society  of  Grub  Street,  1737,  the  writer 
observes,  there  are  four  evening  post  newspapers, 
"not  to  mention peny  or  lialf-peny  posts "  (p.  16.). 
Still,  as  the  latest  of  these  dates  is  some  five-and- 
twenty  years  antecedent  to  the  Junius  period, 
I  suggest  that  your  correspondents  should  still 
look  carefully  to  the  post-marks  of  about  1770. 

N.  E.  P. 

Janus  Vitalis.  —  Information  is  desired  respect- 
ing the  Latin  poet  Janus  Vitalis,  the  period  of  his 
existence,  his  works,  and  what  editions  of  them 
are  now  extant  ?  EUSONUSS. 

Edward  Jones,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  1692—1703. 
—  Can  any  of  your  correspondents  favour  me 
with  particulars  respecting  the  names  and  fortunes 
of  this  prelate's  children,  who  were  six  in  number  ? 
He  had  married  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir 
Richard  Kennedy,  Bart.,  of  Mount  Kennedy,  co. 
Wicklow,  Ireland,  second  Baron  of  the  Irish  Ex- 
chequer ;  and  was  translated  to  St.  Asaph  from 
Cloyne,  in  Ireland,  to  which  see  he  was  conse- 
crated llth  March,  1682-3, 

Bishop  Jones  was  a  native  of  Montgomeryshire, 
and  is  noticed  at  some  length  in  Browne  Willis's 
Survey  of  St.  Asaph.  The  present  Query  relates 
to  his  lineal  descendants,  and  not  to  himself. 

SAMUEL  HAYMAX,  Clk. 

South  Abbey,  Youghal. 

Ballad  of  Richard  I.  —  In  his  Introduction  to 
Rotuli  Curia;  Regis  (p.  Ixxiv.),  Sir  Richard  Pal- 
grave  mentions  the  curious  ballad  which  was  cir- 
culated in  Normandy  a  short  time  previous  to 
Richard's  death,  to  the  effect  that  "  the  arrow 
was  making  in  Limousin  by  which  King  Richard 
should  be  slain."  Can  any  of  your  readers  refer 
me  to  this  ballad  ?  or  if  in  MS.  favour  me  with  a 
copy  ?  MINSTREL. 

"  Fasciculus  Florum."  —  Perhaps  some  of  your 
learned  correspondents  can  inform  me  who  is  the 
compiler  of  Fasciculus  Florum,  printed  in  1636? 
The  anagram,  Lerimus  Uthalnius,  at  the  end  of 
the  preface,  readily  makes  Thomas  Sumervill; 
but  who  is  this  Sumervill  ?  W.  H.  C. 

The  Hare.  —  In  An  Introduction  to  the  Field 
Sports  of  France,  by  R.  O'Connor,  Esq.,  barrister- 
at-law,  is  the  following  passage  : 

'  The  hare  is  a  short-lived  animal ;  they  scarcely  ever 
live  more  than  eight  or  nine  years,  and  are  full-grown  at 
one  year  old.  The  period  of  gestation  is  thirty-one  days, 
and  the  doe  generally  has  two  young  ones,  occasionally 
three  or  four.  It  is  very  curious  that  if  a  hare  has  more 
than  one,  they  each  have  a  white  star  on  the  forehead, 


524 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


which  they  retain  for  a  considerable  time ;  but  if  she  has 
but  one,  it  has  no  star.  This  is  well  ascertained,  and  is  a 
curious  fact." 

My  Query  is,  Whether  this  "  curious  fact "  is  a 
•well -authenticated  one  ?  C.  DE  D. 

Epigram  quoted  by  Lord  Derby. — In  his  speech 
on  the  Address,  delivered  in  the  House  of  Lords, 
Dec.  12,  Lord  Derby  said  : 

"  Sir  C.  Napier  was  condemned  to  an  ignominious  in- 
action, which  is  only  paralleled  by  that  old  duel,  which 
many  of  your  lordships  no  doubt  remember : 

'  Lord  Chatham,  with  sword  drawn, 
Stood  waiting  for  Sir  Richard  Strachan ; 
Sir  Richard,  longing  to  be  at  him, 
Stood  waiting  for  the  Earl  of  Chatham.'  " 

It  is  strange  that  two  personages,  who  figured 
in  a  great  naval  and  military  expedition  during 
the  late  war,  should  already  be  so  far  forgotten  as 
to  have  become  mythical  characters.  The  expe- 
dition was  that  to  Flanders,  in  1809  ;  and  perhaps 
one  of  your  correspondents  could  name  the  original 
source  of  this  squib,  which  so  well  describes  the 
indecision  and  want  of  co-operation  which  ter- 
minated in  the  disasters  of  Walcheren.  Lord 
Derby,  as  reported,  seems  to  have  misunderstood 
the  allusion  contained  in  the  lines,  and  so  to  have 
spoiled  their  versification  by  misquoting  them. 
However,  the  joke  seems  to  have  attained  the  end 
aimed  at,  for  it  was  greeted  with  "  loud  laughter." 
The  true  version  runs  thus  : 

"  The  Earl  of  Chatham,  with  sword  drawn, 
Was  waiting  for  Sir  Richard  Strachan ; 
Sir  Richard,  longing  to  be  at  'em, 
Was  waiting  for — the  Earl  of  Chatham." 

JAYDEE. 

Druid's  Circle.  —  About  seven  miles  from 
Buxton  is  a  Druidical  temple.  It  consists  of 
about  thirty-eight  large  stones,  all  in  their  proper 
order,  but  all  prostrate  on  the  ground  ;  round  it 
is  a  deep  ditch  bounded  by  a  high  earthen  bank 
turfed  over.  The  name  of  the  temple  is  Ar- 
belon,  and  as  it  is  neither  mentioned  in  any  local 
book  that  I  have  seen,  nor  in  the  ArcTiceologia,  I 
am  anxious  to  call  attention  to  it,  in  the  hope  of 
obtaining  some  information  respecting  it,  and  also 
to  guard  against  any  destructive  measures  being 
carried  on,  as  it  seems  hitherto  to  have  been  pre- 
served sacredly  from  the  utilitarian  spoliation  of 
the  age,  and  is  so  perfect  that  it  ought  to  be  jea- 
lously guarded  by  all  who  have  the  power  of 
keeping  off  mischievous  intruders.  L.  M.  M.  R. 

"  Riding  Bodkin."  —  In  what  custom  or  cir- 
cumstance hns  the  above  term  originated,  as  in- 
tended to  describe  a  third  person  occupying  a 
middle  seat  in  a  travelling  conveyance  meant  only 
for  the  accommodation  of  two  ?  N.  L.  T. 


iHtnor  tfluemg  fotff) 

Pope's  "  Modest  Foster."  — 

"  Let  Modest  Foster,  if  he  will,  excel 
Ten  Metropolitans  in  preaching  well." 

Pope's  Epilogue  to  Satires  of  Donnet 
written  in  1738. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  who  this 
divine  was,  why  Pope  commends  him  so  highly, 
and  whether  he  has  left  any  writings  or  sermons 
behind  him  ?  W.  N.  R. 

Leicester. 

[The  eminent  and  popular  preacher,  the  Rev.  James 
Foster,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Exeter  in  1697 ;  educated  for  the 
ministry  among  the  dissenters,  and  began  to  preach  in 
1718.  He  was  chosen  minister  of  a  congregation  at  Bar- 
bican, London,  1724,  and  removed  to  Pinner's  Hall.  1744. 
He  died  1753.  His  sermons,  in  four  volumes,  have  passed 
through  several  editions.  See  for  particulars  of  these 
and  his  other  writings,  Mr.  Darling's  useful  Cydopcedia 
Bibliographica.  ] 

Song  on  the  Cuckoo.  —  When  a  child  I  often 
heard  a  song  sung  which  commenced,  — 
"  The  cuckoo  is  a  merry  bird,  she  sings  in  the  spring." 
One  of  the  verses  ended,  — 
"  And  when  you  hear  cuckoo,  then  summer  is  nigh." 

This  is  all  I  recollect  of  it.     Where  is  it  to  be 
found  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

[We  are  inclined  to  think  our  correspondent  must  have 
heard  some  paraphrase  of  the  following  song,  which  Sir 
John  Hawkins  {Hist,  of  Music,  vol.  ii.  p.  92.  edit.  1776) 
says,  is  "the  most  ancient  English  song  with  the  musical 
notes  perhaps  anywhere  extant,  copied  from  the  Harleian 
MS.  978."  — 

"  Summer  is  a  coming  in, 

Loud  sing  cuckow, 

fGroweth  seed 

And  bloweth  mead,* 

And  spring'th  the  wood  new. 

Ewe  bleateth  after  lamb, 

Loweth  after  calf  cow : 

Bullock  starteth, 

Buck  verteth,f 

Merry  sing  cuckow, 

Well  sing'st  thou  cuckow, 

Nor  cease  to  sing  now." 

Tit  for  Tat  —  What  is  the  origin  of  the  ex- 
pression "  Tit  for  Tat  ?  "  I  have  heard  it  sug- 
gested in  Oxford  that  it  may  be  a  corruption  of 
"  this  for  that."  J-  G.  T. 

Oxford. 

[John  Bellenden  Ker,  in  his  Essay,  thus  notices  this 
>opular  phrase :  "  Tit  for  Tat,  like  for  like,  leaving  no  dif- 
ference between  the  two  in  question.  Dit  vor  Dat ;  q.  e. 
this  for  that ;  but  in  the  sense  of  word  for  word.  Quid 
oro  quo  is  a  phrase  of  the  same  sense."] 


*  The  flowers  in  the  meadow. 

f  Goeth  to  vert,  i.  e.  to  harbour  among  the  fern.] 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


525 


"Huntingdon  Sturgeon" — In  Rider's  British 
Merlin,  — 

"  Bedeckt  with  many  delightful  Varieties  and  useful 
Verities,  fitting  the  Longitude  and  Latitude  of  all  Capa- 
cities within  the  Islands  of  Great  Brittanes  Monarchy,  and 
Chronologicall  Observations  of  principal  Note  to  this 
Year  1658,"— 

amongst  the  "  Chronologicall  Observations  "  is  the 
following  curious  entry,  thirty-four  years  since  : 

"  The  Bailiffs,  and  York  the  Constable  of  Huntingdon, 
seized  Sir  Robert  Osborn's  ragged  colt  for  a  sturgeon." 

Can  you  give  any  information  of  this  extraor- 
dinary seizure  ?  Does  it  mean  that  the  "  ragged 
colt"  was  seized  and  sold  for  payment  of  a  fine 
for  not  sending  the  fish  to  the  king,  or  the  lord  of 
the  manor,  which  in  many  places  the  takers  of  a 
sturgeon  were  bound  to  do  ?  C.  DE  D. 

[The  sturgeon  is  a  privileged  royal  fish,  as  stated  in 
17  Edw.  II.  st.  1.  c.  11. ;  but  our  correspondent's  quota- 
tion seems  to  have  some  reference  to  the  following  anec- 
dote, noticed  in  Pepys's  Diary,  May  22,  1667 :  "  During 
a  very  high  flood  in  the  meadows  between  Huntingdon 
and  Godmanchester,  something  was  seen  floating,  which 
the  Gorlmanchester  people  thought  was  a  black  pig,  and 
the  Huntingdon  folks  declared  was  a  sturgeon :  when 
rescued  from  the  waters,  it  proved  to  be  a  young  donkey. 
This  mistake  led  to  the  one  party  being  styled  '  Godman- 
chester black  pigs,'  and  the  other  '  Huntingdon  sturgeons,' 
terms  not  altogether  forgotten  at  this  day."  This  ap- 
pears as  a  note  by  the  noble  editor  to  the  following  entry 
by  Pepys:  "This  day  coining  from  Westminster  with 
W.  Batten,  we  saw  at  Whitehall  Stairs  a  fisher-boat  with 
a  sturgeon,  that  he  had  newly  catched  in  the  river,  which 
I  saw,  but  it  was  but  a  little  one ;  but  big  enough  to 
prevent  my  mistake  of  that  for  a  colt,  if  ever  I  become 
Mayor  of  Huntingdon."] 

"  Orbis  Miraculwm."  —  I  have  recently  seen  a 
work  bearing  the  title  of  Orbis  Miraculum  ;  or  the 
Temple  of  Solomon  pourtrayed  by  Scripture  Light : 
London :  printed  by  John  Streater,  for  Thomas 
Basset,  1659. 

May  I  ask  if  this  is  a  rare  volume,  and  what 
may  be  known  of  its  author,  Samuel  Lee  ? 

W.  W. 

Malta. 

[A  long  account  of  Samuel  Lee  and  his  numerous  works 
is  given  in  Wood's  Athena:  (Bliss),  vol.  iv.  p.  345.  Ca- 
lamy,  in  his  Ejected  Ministers,  Continuation,  p.  54.,  says, 
"  Lee  was  a  considerable  general  scholar,  understood  the 
learned  languages  well,  spoke  Latin  fluently  and  elegantly, 
was  well  versed  in  all  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  was"  a 
great  master  in  physic  and  alchymy,  and  no  stranger  to 
any  part  of  polite  and  useful  learning."] 

Well  Chapel.  —  In  the  parish  of  St.  Cleather, 
Cornwall,  and  on  the  granite-sprinkled  banks  of 
the  Innay,  lie  the  ruins  of  a  well  chapel.  The 
spring  of  water  flows  from  under  the  altar,  which 
is  marked  with  four  crosses.  The  chapel  goes  by 
the  name  of  Basil's  Well.  What  tourist,  if  any, 
gives  an  account  of  it  ?  DUNIIEOED. 

[This  well  is  noticed  in  Carew's  Cornwall,  p.  41.;  and 
in  Gilbert's  Parochial  History  of  Cornwall,  vol.  i.  p.  199.] 


"The  Modern  Athens:  a  Dissection  and  De- 
monstration of  Men  and  Things  in  the  Scotch 
Capital,  by  A  Modern  Greek  :  London,  Knight 
and  Lacey,  1825."  The  author's  name  will  oblige 

K.  H.  B. 

[A  manuscript  entry  in  a  copy  of  this  work  before  us 
attributes  it  to  Mr.  George  Mudie.] 


BOOKS  BURNT  BT  THE  HANGMAN. 

(Vol.  x.,  pp.  12.215.) 

The  history  of  book- burning  should  have  been 
written  by  D'Israeli ;  only  his  pen  could  have  given 
its  philosophy  as  displayed  in  the  fantastic  freaks 
there  exhibited  of  the  infirmity  of  human  judgment 
when  acted  upon  by  religious  and  political  preju- 
dices, sectarian  and  party  heats.  The  subject  is 
far  from  exhausted,  and  I  proceed  to  adduce  a  few 
more  examples,  at  random  strung. 

A  never-failing  source  of  religious  bitterness 
appears  to  have  been  the  30th  January  comme- 
moration ;  and  we  find  that  while  High  Church 
Jacobites  were  on  that  day  extolling  their  canon- 
ised monarch,  at  whose  martyrdom,  according  to 
them,  both  civil  and  religious  liberty  became  ex- 
tinct, the  Whigs  were,  at  their  Calves'  Head  Club, 
reversing  the  picture,  and  over  their  ribaldrous 
anthems  commemorating  Britain's  deliverance  on 
the  same  day  from  tyranny  and  slavery !  (See 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  16.) 

Certain  Animadversions  on  the  two  last  30th 
January  Sermons,  one  preached  to  the  Hon.  House 
of  Commons,  the  other  to  the  House  of  Convoca- 
tion :  in  a  Letter,  was  published  in  1702.  This 
being  complained  of  to  the  House, 

"  After  the  reading  and  examining  several  paragraphs 
and  passages  therein,  it  was  resolved  by  their  Lordships, 
that  the  said  book  or  pamphlet  was  a  malicious,  vil- 
lanous  libel,  containing  very  many  reflections  on  King 
Charles  I.,  of  ever-blessed  memory,  and  tending  to  the 
subversion  of  monarchy,  and  thereupon  ordered  it  to  be 
burnt  by  the  hands  of  the  common  hangman." 

Having  thus  disposed  of  the  critic,  their  Lord- 
ships turned  their  attention  to  the  provocation  by 
taking  into  consideration  "  The  Sermon  preached 
on  January  30th,  1701-2,  before  the  Convocation, 
by  Dr.  Bink?,"  from  which  they  extracted  the  fol- 
lowing High  Church  ravings.  The  preacher,  speak- 
ing lightly  of  the  Jews  for  crucifying  Christ  com- 
pared with  the  rebels  for  putting  to  death  Charles, 
observes  : 

"  For  if  respect  to  the  dignity  of  the  person  to  have 
been  King  of  the  Jews,  was  what  ought  to  have  secured 
our  Saviour  from  violence ;  here  is  also  one  not  only  born 
to  a  crown,  but  actually  possessed  of  it.  He  was  not  only 
called  king  by  some,  and  at  the  same  time  derided  by 
others  for  being  so  called,  but  he  was  acknowledged  by 
all  to  be  a  king ;  he  was  not  just  dressed  up  for  an  hour  or 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


two  in  purple  robes,  and  saluted  with  a  '  Hail,  King !' 
'"but  the  usual  ornaments  of  majesty  were  his  customary 
•-apparel." 

After    some  debate,  the  House  resolved  "  That 

'•  in  the  said  sermon  there  are   several  expressions 

'"  that  give  just  scandal  and  offence  to  all  Christian 

>    people ;"  and  upon  the  proposal  that  the  sermon 

be  burnt,  it  was  carried  in  the  negative,   so  that 

Dr.  Binks  got  off  with  a  censure,  narrowly  escaping 

going  to  the  same   fire   with    his    animadverter. 

(Hist.  Reign  Queen  Anne,  first  year,  1703.) 

The  Archbishop  of  Dublin,  writing  to  Swift, 
says,  "We  likewise  burned  Mr.  Houghton's  sermon, 
preached  at  Christ  Church  some  years  ago ;  and 
the  House  (Irish  Parliament)  voted  the  thanks  for 
prosecuting  the  author."  It  appears  from  Boyer's 
Political  State,  vol.  ii.  p.  639.,  that  this  sermon  had 
been  preached  on  the  30th  January,  1705-6,  at  the 
above  church,  Dublin,  and  that  it  was  burnt  by 
the  hands  of  the  common  hangman  on  the  9th  Nov. 
1711,  six  years  after,  by  which  time  one  would 
have  thought  its  treason  or  schism  would  have 
'  evaporated  without  this  archiepiscopal  device  of 
reviving  it,  for  which  he  merited  censure  rather 
than  praise.  The  archbishop,  in  the  same  letter 
to  Swift,  complacently  adds,  as  if  it  was  the  Dub- 
lin hangman  reporting  progress  to  his  brother 
functionary  in  London,  "After  this  we  burned  Mr. 
Boyse's  book  of  a  Scripture  Bishop  and  some  Ob- 
'servators"  The  first  of  these  bore  for  title  The 
Office  of  a  Christian  Bishop,  and  being  according 
'to  Timothy's  prescription  (chap.  iii.  v.  10.),  was 
'probably  too  humiliating  for  the  lawn  sleeves  of 
the  reign  of  Queen  Anne.  The  author,  an  English- 
"  man,  was  at  the  period  an  eminent  dissenting 
minister  in  Dublin.  The  second  consignment  to  the 
rflames  alluded  to  in  the  above  extract,  were  papers 
published  under  that  title  by  the  famous  John 
Tutchin,  the  L'Estrange  of  the  Whigs,  who  bore 
upon  his  person  some  remembrance  of  the  Tories, 
acquired  in  their  test  of  the  pillory.  It  has  already 
been  seen  that  The  Memorial  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land was  presented  as  a  libel  to  the  grand  jury  of 
London,  and  burnt  by  the  hangman ;  the  same 
zealous  Archbishop  of  Dublin  acquaints  his  gossip 
Swift  that  this  libel  was  reprinted  in  the  Irish 
capital,  impudently  dedicated  to  the  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant, and  there  went  a  second  time  to  the  fire, 
under  the  same  conduct,  on  the  prosecution  of  the 
same  church  dignitary.  (Swift's  Works,  vol.  xiv. 
p.  201.,  12th  edit.,  Dublin,  1762.)  Examples  have 
already  been  given  of  the  disposition  of  Episcopacy 
towards  Presbytery  in  the  burning  of  the  cove- 
nant, &c.,  in  London ;  this  was  resented  by  the 
latter,  who,  we  are  told,  retaliated  by  burning  the 
Acts  of  Supremacy,  Declaration,  and  the  Act 
necessary  for  the  burning  of  the  Covenant.  (See 
The  Hind  let  loose,  1687,  a  violent  Presbyterian 
advocate,  which  most  likely  shared  the  fate  of  the 
Covenant,  and  its  own  deserts,  according  to  Ma- 


caulay,  History  of  England,  vol.  i.  p.  556.)  The 
ill  usage  the  Scots  met  with  in  the  matter  of  their 
Darien  Scheme  has  also  been  recorded ;  and  as  it 
is  one  of  the  least  defensible  of  the  old  Scots 
grievances,  I  would  add  a  farther  illustration  of 
the  national  indignation  drawn  forth  by  the  libel 
of  Herries: 

"  When  the  Parliament  (Scots)  met,"  says  Arnot,  "  the 
first  symptom  of  their  displeasure  at  the  enemies  of  the 
African  company  was  to  pass  an  order  for  burning  by 
the  common  hangman  a  pamphlet  entitled  A  Defence  of 
the  Scots  abdicating  Darien,  and  requiring  the  Lords  of  the 
Treasury  to  pay  a' reward  of  6000/.  Scots  (500Z.  sterling) 
to  any  person  who  would  apprehend  Walter  Herries,  the 
alleged  author,  and  bring  him  before  a  magistrate." — 
Criminal  Trials,  Edin.  1785. 

To  show  the  similarity  of  feeling  upon  this  sore 
subject  on  the  southern  side  of  the  Tweed,  Wil- 
liam III.,  by  proclamation  dated  20th  Jan.  1669  (see 

12.E.L.300. 
it  in  B.  M. —  — ),  offers  500Z.  for  the  appre- 

O 

hension  of  the  author  of  a  libel  entitled  An  En- 
quiry into  the  Cause  of  the  Miscarriage  of  the  Scots 
Colony  at  Darien  ;  which  said  book,  purporting  to 
be  an  answer  to  the  renegade  Herries,  with  a- 
Glasgow  imprint,  went  to  the  fire  in  London,  as 
before  noted. 

The  fanatic'  Muggleton  furnished  employment 
for  the  executioner,  and  fuel  for  his  fire.  "  His 
books,"  says  Granger,  "  for  which  he  was  pil- 
loried and  imprisoned,  were  burnt  by  the  com- 
mon hangman."  I  have  already  shown  that  the 
state  left  the  eradication  of  the  weeds  of  the  press 
sometimes  to  the  Church ;  another  example  is  that 
recorded  in  Herbert's  Ames,  p.  1735,,  under  date 
June  1,  1572,  when  Ovid's  Elegies,  translated  by 
Marlowe,  was  seized  and  burnt  at  Stationers'  Hall, 
by  order  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and 
Bishop  of  London. 

Parishes,  too,  set  themselves  up  as  public  censors. 
A  poor  enthusiast,  who  writes  a  book  entitled 
The  Christian  Convert,  or  the  Third  Gift  of 
Theophilus  and  Philantropos,  Student  in  Physic, 
London,  1740,  tells  his  patron,  when  publishing 
this  his  second  edition,  that  it  was  doubtless  matter 
of  pleasure  to  the  Enemy  of  all  Righteousness  to 
procure  one  of  them  to  be  committed  to  the  flames, 
as  was  publicly  done  in  St.  Ann's  ward,  on  April 
21st,  1739,  "which  I  am  well  assured,"  says  he, 
"  afforded  matter  of  great  rejoicing."  This  book 
appears  to  have  grappled  too  closely  with  the  sin- 
ners of  St.  Ann's  ward,  and  gives  a  picture  of  the 
debased  condition  of  the  Londoners,  from  which 
this  moralist  would  reclaim  them,  and  from  whose 
methodistical  tendencies  "  another  whose  office  is 
to  minister  about  holy  things  !"  would  shield  them 
by  burning  the  record  of  their  misdeeds.  The 
lover  of  old  cuts,  which  do  not  mince  the  matter, 
would  be  gratified  with  those  our  enthusiast  has 
prefixed,  the  pains  of  the  damned  being  pretty 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


527 


vividly  depicted  in  the  old  style  of  the  hideous 
monster  in  the  corner  vomiting  flames,  the  glories 
of  the  blessed  contrasted  in  the  background ;  while 
on  the  right-hand  corner  appears  a  well-appointed 
clerical  looking  gentleman  in  a  devotional  attitude, 
which  indicates  the  effigies  authoris.  There  are 
two  editions  of  the  cut  by  different  artists,  —  the 
leading  features  preserved  in  both  ;  and  if  known 
to  any  of  your  curious  readers,  I  should  like  to 
Jiave  its  identification. 

Among  another  class  of  book-burners  I  fear  we 
•must  include  the  British  Solomon;  it  being  re- 
corded that,  his  own  Demonologie,  Edin.  1597, 
:  containing  a  royal  warrant  for  the  existence  of 
witches  and  diabolical  compacts,  not  having  ex- 
tinguished the  enlightened  views  of  Reginald  Scot 
thereupon,  King  James  rolled  the  judicial  charac- 
ter and  the  bourreau  together,  and  "  burnt  many 
copies  of  the  Discoverie  of  Witchcraft"  1584. 

On  Dec.  21,  1666-7,  Evelyn  says  he  saw  one 
Carre  pilloried  at  Charing  Cross  for  a  libel,  which 
was  burnt  before  him  (Diary,  vol.  ii.  p.  32.),  re- 
minding us  of  poor  Prynne,  who,  while  under- 
going the  same  personal  indignity,  was  almost 
suffocated  by  the  smoke  arising  from  his  pon- 
derous Histriomastix,  1636,  as  the  hangman  stirred 
up  his  fire  under  the  very  nose  of  the  unhappy 
author.  According  to  Peignot,  our  friends  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Channel  set  us  the  example  of 
foook-burning ;  and  he  asserts  that  the  attack  of 
Tryrme's  upon  stage  plays,  &c.  was  the  first  book 
.so  treated  in  England,  although,  inconsistently 
•enough,  recording  thatCowell's  book,  1605,  having 
.given  offence  to  the  English  public,  was  handed 
over  to,  and  burnt  by  the  common  hangman. 

J.  O. 


To  these  may  be  added,  Molyneux's  Case  of 
Ireland  stated,  and  the  Press  newspaper,  which  in 
1797  was  started  in  Dublin,  as  the  organ  of 
"  United  Irish"  nationality.  Mr.  Deane  Swift's 
writings  under  the  signature  of "  Marcus,"  and 
Thomas  Addis  Emmet's  under  that  of"  Montanus," 
drew  down  in  a  great  degree  the  government 
vengeance  alluded  to.  Whilst  Finerty,  its  printer, 
remained  in  the  stocks,  Arthur  O'Connor,  nephew 
and  heir  to  Lord  Longueville,  held  an  umbrella 
over  his  head.  The  late  Lord  Cloncurry  contri- 
buted to  the  Press  newspaper,  both  from  his  purse 
and  his  pen.  W.  J.  FITZPATKICK. 

Monkstown,  Dublin. 

Claude's  book,  The  Complaints  of  the  Protestants 
cruelly  persecuted  in  the  kingdom  of  France,  was 
burnt  at  the  Royal  Exchange  by  the  public 
executioner,  in  the  reign  of  James  II.,  according 
to  his  demand.  (Weiss,  History  of  the  French 
Protestant  Refugees,  p.  225.)  J.  M. 


"  EX  QUO  VIS   LIGNO   NON   FIT   MEECUEIUS. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  447.) 

Being  at  present  engaged  in  the  examination  of 
Pliny's  writings  on  the  vegetable  kingdom,  and 
his  sixteenth  book  having  passed  through  my 
hands  scarcely  more  than  a  week  ago,  I  was  some- 
what surprised  to  find  the  editor  citing,  on  the 
authority  of  the  notes  to  the  Delphin  Classics,  a 
passage  which  had  altogether  escaped  me,  and 
one,  too,  precisely  of  the  nature  I  was  in  search 
of,  and  to  glean  which  I  had  taken  up  his  Natural 
History.  Having  previously  had  occasion  to  more 
than  suspect  these  same  notes,  I  referred  at  once 
to  the  proverb  in  Erasmus,  and  found,  as  my 
suspicions  suggested,  that  the  note-maker  had 
blundered;  after  what  fashion  the  following  ex- 
tract from  the  Adagia  will  show.  It  may  appear 
a  waste  of  valuable  space  to  quote  and  requote  so 
well-known  a  book,  but  as  "  N.  &  Q."  has  circu- 
lated an  error,  it  may  as  well  also  give  currency 
to  its  correction,  and  the  more  so  since  at  the  same 
time  the  "  mystical  meaning  "  of  the  proverb,  after 
which  MR.  FRASER  inquires,  will  meet  with  an 
explanation  more  to  the  point  than  is  afforded  by 
the  citation  of  this  supposititious  passage  in  Pliny  : 

"  Ne  e  quovis  ligno  Mercurius  fiat — id  est,  non  omnium 
ingenia  sunt  accommodata  disciplinis.  Sumpta  est  alle- 
goria  a  fabris,  qui  materiam  diligunt.  Quandoquidem  ad 
alias  res,  alias  materias  convenire  copiose  demonstrat  Theo- 
phrastus  libro  de  plantis  quinto.  Item  Plinius  libro  de- 
cimo-sexto:  'Quidam  superstitiosius  exquirunt  materiam, 
unde  numen  exsculpant.  Et  quamquam  Priapus  ille  deus 
facilis  et  crassus,  baud  gravatur  ficulnus  esse,  non  tamen 
idem  liceat  in  Mercuric  deo  tam  ingenioso,  totque  prsedito 
artibus.'  Tametsi  mihi  magis  arridet,  ut  ad  magicum 
Mercurii  simulachrum  referatur,  quern  non  ex  quavia 
materia,  sed  certo  ligno  sculpebant,  alioqui  non  futurum 
idoneum  ad  magicae  artis  usum.  Unde  id  quoque  inter 
reliqua  magici  criminis  argumenta  objectum  fuerat 
Apuleio,  quod  Mercurii  sigillum  scalpendum  curasset, 
ligno  buxi,  quemadmodum  ostendit  ipse  apologia  magise 
prima.  Fortassis  buxus  ad  id  potissimum  deligebatur, 
vel  quod  hominis  pallorem  praj  se  ferat,  vel  quod  materies 
sit  omnium,  maxime  aeterna.  Apuleius  in  apologia  magiaa 
prima  proverbram  refert  ad  autorem  Pythagoram,"  &c. 

Athenseus  uses  a  similar  expression  : 

"  Ex  thymbra  nemo  queat  conficere  laaceam,  neque  & 

Socrate  probum  militem." 

And  again : 
"Neque  e  thymbra  lancea,  neque  ex  hujusmodi  ser- 

monibus  vir  bonus  sit." 

A.  CHALLSTETH. 

P.  S.  —  Let  me  take  this  opportunity  of  ex- 
pressing my  regret  that,  under  the  signature  of 
"  SIGMA,  Customs,"  I  should  have  unwittingly  led 
"  N.  &  Q."  to  repeat  itself  on  the  subject  of 
Byron's  filchings  from  Rochefoucauld.  I  felt  it 
to  be  impossible  that  they  should  have  remained 
altogether  unnoticed,  but  as  the  successive  editors 
of  Don  Juan  made  no  comment,  theirs  be  the 
blame. 


528 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


(Vol.v.,  p.  310.) 

MB.  STRICKLAND,  in  his  letter  at  the  above  re- 
ference, has  — 

"  Query  11.  In  the  Penny  Magazine  for  Jan.  4,  1834,  it 
is  stated  that  Mr.  Reinagle,  the  eminent  artist,  had  sent  the 
editor  a  letter  recording  that  he  one  day  discovered  among 
the  Cimelia  of  the  British  Museum  the  head  and  beak  with 
the  short  thick  legs  of  a  bird  which  instantly  struck  him 
to  be  those  of  the  Dodo.  Mr.  R.  immediately  ran  with 
the  relics  to  Dr.  Shaw,  who  in  the  end  concurred  with  him 
in  considering  the  remains  as  those  of  the  Dodo.  Mr.  R. 
has  not  been  able  to  learn  what  became  of  the  fragments, 
but  they  ought  still  to  be  somewhere  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum." 

ME.  STRICKLAND  asks  whether  such  relics  are  in 
the  Museum,  and  adds :  "  N.  B.  Of  course  they 
have  no  reference  to  the  well-known  Dodo's  leg," 
&c. 

I  can  now  show  that  Mr.  Reinagle's  statement 
was  not  quite  correct,  as  I  have  now  before  me 
the  third  volume  of  Dr.  Shaw's  Naturalists  Mis- 
cellany, with  the  coloured  figure  of  a  "  Dodo's  leg," 
natural  size,  with  the  following  account : 

"  In  a  preceding  Xumber  of  the  present  work  I  have 
given  a  description  accompanied  'by  a  figure  accurately 
copied  from  an  original  picture,  said  to  have  been  taken 
from  nature,  of  that  most  singular  bird  called  the  Dodo ; 
an  animal  so  very  rare,  and  of  an  appearance  so  uncouth, 
as  to  have  given  rise  to  some  doubts  as  to  its  real  ex- 
istence, which  was  also  rendered  still  more  suspicious  from 
the  supposed  want  of  any  remains  of  the  bird  itself  in  the 
museums  of  Europe.  A  very  short  time  since,  however, 
on  cursorily  examining  several  miscellaneous  articles  in 
one  of  the  apartments  of  the  British  Museum,  in  company 
with  that  very  ingenious  artist  Mr.  Reinagle,  j  un.,  we  had 
the  good  fortune  to  discover  a  leg,  which  even  at  the  first 
view  appeared  of  so  peculiar  an  aspect  that  it  instantly 
suggested  the  idea  of  the  bird  in  question." 

From  this  extract  it  is  clear  that  the  "  well- 
known  leg  "  was  all  that  was  found,  and  that  Dr. 
Shaw  was  with  Mr.  Reinagle  when  the  discovery 
was  made.  I  am  sorry  I  did  not  see  MR.  STRICK- 
LAND'S letter  at  the  time  it  appeared,  that  I  might 
have  answered  his  Query  at  once. 

Dr.  Shaw's  work  is  not  paged  or  dated,  and 
I  see  in  his  dedication  of  this  volume  to  the  Earl 
of  Ailesbury,  he  calls  it  the  fifth,  though  it  ap- 
pears in  my  copy  bound  up  as  the  third.  C.  DE  D. 


EDWARD    LAMBE  S    MURAL    TABLET. 

(Vol.  x.,  p.  267.) 

The  explanation  of  this  epitaph,  given  by  a 
correspondent  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
seems  inadmissible  far  the  following  reasons  :  — 
First,  the  sense,  as  he  makes  it  out,  is  far-fetched ; 
while  the  phrase,  "  Lord,  let  extremities  like  even 
life  learne,"  is,  to  my  mind  at  least,  utterly  mean- 
ingless. Secondly,  in  that  explanation  the  words 


are  taken  at  random  from  each  column,  sometimes, 
alternately,  and  sometimes  consecutively.  Thirdly, 
it  is  clear  that  the  writer  of  the  epitaph  aimed  at 
the  quaintness,  or  rather  conceit,  of  placing  under 
the  name  of  "  Edward  "  words  beginning  with  the 
letter  e,  and  under  that  of  "  Lambe  "  words  be- 
ginning with  I;  and  in  each  case  only  single 
words.  The  substitution,  therefore,  of  he  died  for 
"  ledede  "  must  be  rejected,  both  because  it  in- 
terrupts the  series  of  words  beginning  with  an  I, 
and  because  it  proposes  two  words  for  a  line  in- 
stead of  one. 

As  the  main  stumbling-block  in  the  way  of  a 
solution  is  the  unintelligible  expression  ledede,  I 
suggest  that  we  should  substitute  the  word  lewde  ; 
and  that,  instead  of  intermixing  the  words  of  each 
category,  we  should  read  them  separately. 

"Edward Lambe 

Ever Lived 

Envied Laudably 

Evill Lord 

Endured  .....  Lett 

Extremities      ....  Like 

Even Life 

Earnestly         ....  Learne 

Expecting        ....  Lewde 

Eternal Livers 

Ease Lament." 

The  whole  would  then  read  thus : 

"Edward,  ever  envied,  evill  endured,  extremities  even 
(even  the  extremes  of  prosperity  and  adversity) ;  ear- 
nestly expecting  eternal  ease :  —  Lambe  lived  laudably. 
Lord!  lett  like  life  (such  a  life)  learne  (teach)  lewde 
livers  lament  (to  lament)." 

This  reading,  I  venture  to  think,  has  the  merit 
of  simplicity  ;  and  the  deviations  which  it  pro- 
poses from  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  words  are 
few,  and  such  only  as  were  imposed  on  the  writer 
by  the  peculiar  form  of  the  epitaph. 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Talbot  v.  Laroche. — The  great  importance  attached  to 
the  late  trial  (Talbot  v.  Laroche),  which  occupied  the 
attention  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  from  Monday  the 
18th  until  Wednesday  the  20th  December,  induces  us  to 
preserve  the  following  report  of  it.  It  is  that  which 
appeared  in  The  Times,  with  the  omission  of  the  details  of 
the  patent,  which  we  have  already  given  at  length  (ante, 
p.  230.) : 

"  COURT  OF  COMMON*  PLEAS,  Guildhall,  Dec.  20. 
(Before  Lord  Chief  Justice  Jervis  and  a  Special  Jury.) 

TALBOT  V.   LAROCHE. 

"  This  action,  for  the  infringement  of  the  patent  known 
as  the  Talbotype,  was  commenced  on  Monday  morning, 
and  brought  to  a  close  this  afternoon. 

"  Sir  F.  Thesiger,  Mr.  Grove,  and  Mr.  Field,  were  coun- 
sel for  the  plaintiff;  and  Mr.  Sergeant  Byles,  Mr.  Willes, 
and  Mr.  Hannen  for  the  defendant. 

"  It  appeared  that  the  plaintiff,  who  is  a  gentleman  of 
propertv,  residing  at  Laycock  Abbey,  in  Wiltshire,  has 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


529 


for  years  devoted  himself  to  science ;  and,  knowing  that 
Sir  H.  Davy  and  Wedgwood  had,  in  1802,  produced  the 
representation  of  objects  on  paper  by  means  of  sunlight, 
although  they  were  unable  to  fix  them  permanently,  had 
instituted  a  series  of  experiments,  -which  resulted  in  his 
taking  out  a  patent  for  what  he  termed  '  calotype,' 
although  it  has  since  been  named  'Talbotype,'  out  of 
compliment  to  the  inventor.  He  read  a  paper  on  the 
subject  to  the  Royal  Society  in  1840 ;  and  exhibited  in 
1841  portraits  taken  by  his  process  in  Paris,  where  the 
system  of  Daguerre  was  then  making  progress.  He  took 
out  his  patent  later  in  that  year,  and  received  the  Rumford 
medal  for  his  invention  in  1842.  Mr.  Talbot  has  since, 
bv  means  of  letters  published  in  The  Times,  given  the 
benefit  of  his  invention  to  the  public  at  large,  reserving 
to  himself,  however,  the  right  of  taking  portraits  for  the 
purpose  of  sale — a  right  which  he  has  exercised  by 
granting  licences  to  many  persons  to  use  that  branch  of 
art.  This  patent  (see  '"N.  &  Q.,'  Vol.  x.,  p.  230.)  has 
been  followed  by  three  other  patents  taken  out  by  the 
plaintiff  in  order  to  secure  certain  improvements  in  the 
process.  The  action  was  brought  because  the  defendant, 
who  is  a  photographic  artist  on  the  collodion  system,  has, 
by  means  of  that  system,  infringed  the  plaintiff's  first 
patent. 

"  Professor  Miller,  Mr.  Brande,  Mr.  Hoffman,  Mr.  Med- 
lock,  Mr.  Crookes,  Mr.  Maskelyne,  and  other  scientific 
gentlemen  were  examined  in  support  of  the  plaintiff's 
case,  to  show  that  the  collodion  process,  although  in  some 
respects  different,  is  essentially  an  imitation  of  the  Tal- 
botype  process ;  and,  even  in  the  most  favourable  view  of 
the  defendant's  case,  can  only  be  considered  as  a  farther 
improvement  on  the  plaintiff's  process.  They  insisted 
that  collodion  was  used  only  as  a  medium  in  the  place  of 
the  plaintiff's  prepared  paper,  and  had  no  photographic 
power  per  se ;  and  also  that  the  pyrogallic  acid  emploj-ed 
by  the  defendant  was  simply  more  rapid  in  its  process 
than  the  gallic  acid  of  the  plaintiff. 

"  The  defendant  rested  his  case  on  two  grounds :  first, 
that  the  plaintiff's  invention  was  not  new,  as  the  process 
had  been  discovered  and  communicated  to  the  public  in 
1839  by  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Reade ;  and  next,  that  the  collo- 
dion process  was  altogether  different  from  the  Talbotype, 
and  therefore  no  infringement  of  the  patent.  The  Rev. 
J.  B.  Reade,  who  is  now  vicar  of  Stone,  near  Aylesbury, 
was  examined  ;  and  gave  evidence,  that  when  he  lived  at 
Peckham,  he  had  in  the  course  of  experiments  discovered 
two  processes  for  obtaining  sun  pictures.  He  knew  that 
Sir  H.  Davy  had  stated  that  leather  was  more  sensitive 
to  light  than  paper ;  and  he  therefore,  by  means  of  chlo- 
ride of  silver  with  an  infusion  of  galls,  obtained  an  image 
•which  he  fixed  with  hyposulphate  of  soda.  By  these 
means  he  produced  the  picture  of  a  magnified  flea,  and 
other  objects,  which  he  exhibited  at  a  soiree  given  in 
1839  by  the  late  Marquis  of  Northampton  to  the  Royal 
Society.  Mr.  Reade,  by  his  second  process,  used  cards 
glazed  with  carbonate  of  lead;  he  washed  these  cards 
with  acetic  or  muriatic  acid,  and  then  floated  them  in 
iodide  of  potassium,  so  as  to  produce  an  iodide  of  lead. 
He  next  washed  the  surface  of  the  card  with  nitrate  of 
silver,  and  obtained  the  image  by  superposition,  while  he 
washed  it  with  an  infusion  of  galls.  The  effect  of  the 
sunlight  was  immediately  to  blacken  the  cards  He  fixed 
the  image  in  the  same  way  that  he  used  in  the  first  pro- 
cess. He  was  once  surprised  to  find  that  a  figure  was 
brought  out  after  the  paper  had  been  momentarily  ex- 
posed to  the  light,  but  he  had  no  idea  of  the  mode  of 
developing  the  invisible  image,  until  he  read  the  account 
of  Mr.  Talbot's  discoveries.  Mr.  Reade  communicated 
the  results  of  his  experiments  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Brayley, 
who  read  the  letter  at  two  lectures  given  by  him  in  '1839 
on  photograph}- ;  but  the  letter  made  no  mention  of  the 


use  of  iodide  of  potassium  in  the  experiment  of  the  glazed 
cards. 

"  The  second  ground  of  defence  was,  that  the  collodion 
process  is  essentially  different  from  the  Talbotype.  The 
collodion  process  was  discovered  in  1851  by  Mr.  Archer, 
and  is  as  follows :  — Take  the  collodion  of  commerce,  which 
is  gun-cotton  and  ether;  mix  it  in  certain  proportions 
either  with  iodide  of  potassium,  of  ammonia,  or  of  cad- 
mium ;  pour  the  mixture  on  a  glass,  where  it  forms  a  film ; 
immerse  the  film  in  a  bath  of  nitrate  of  silver,  and  then 
place  it  in  the  camera;  when  withdrawn,  develope  it 
by  pyrogallic  acid,  or  protosulphate  of  iron,  or  protoni- 
trate  of  iron,  and  finally  fix  the  image  with  hvposulphate 
of  soda.  The  image  thus  obtained  is  an  amphitype ;  it 
•  appears  negative,  but  becomes  positive  if  anything  black 
is  placed  on  the  back  of  the  film,  so  that  it  is  either  nega- 
tive or  positive  according  to  the  transmission  of  light. 
The  negative  image  likewise  produces  a  positive  when 
transferred  to  prepared  paper. 

"  Dr.  Normandy,  Dr.  Stenhouse,Mr.  R.  Hunt,  Mr.  Heisch, 
Mr.  T.  Taylor,  Mr.  Thornthwaite,  Mr.  Eliot,  and  other 
scientific  persons  gave  evidence  that  collodion  possessed 
unknown  photographic  properties,  and  that  pyrogallic 
acid  was  more  highly  sensitive  and  rapid  in  its  action, 
and  was  in  many  respects  different  from  gallic  acid ;  in- 
deed, some  of  the  witnesses  gave  their  opinion  that  pyro- 
gallic acid  was  a  misnomer,  and  that  the  substance'was 
no  acid  at  all.  As  a  proof  of  the  instantaneous  action  of 
the  collodion  process,  portraits  of  animals  taken  when  in 
the  act  of  motion  were  shown  in  court,  and  also  beautiful 
views  of  Elsinore,  and  the  Three  Crown  Battery  at  Copen- 
hagen, taken  on  board  of  Her  Majesty's  ship  Calliope 
when  passing  those  places  at  the  rate  of  eleven  knots  an 
hour.  The  plaintiff  likewise  produced  many  views  taken 
by  the  Talbotype  process,  and  one,  not  excelled  by  any  in 
court,  of  Laycock  Abbey,  taken  in  the  year  1842. 

"The  Chief  Justice  summed  up  with  remarkable  clear- 
ness and  precision.  He  pointed  out  that  the  plaintiff  had 
made  discoveries  in  the  photographic  art,  had  communi- 
cated those  discoveries  to  the  Royal  Society,  and  had 
therefore  given  the  benefit  of  them  to  the  world,  but  he 
had  afterwards  taken  out  a  patent  for  new  and  fresh  in- 
ventions, which  he  described  in  his  specification.  In  the 
first  part,  however,  of  that  document,  he  described  the 
method  of  making  iodized  paper,  but  did  not  claim  it  as 
part  of  the  invention.  The  specification  then  showed  how 
to  make  that  iodized  paper  more  sensitive  by  washing  it 
in  gallo-nitrate  of  silver,  which  was  made  by  a  mixture  of 
nitrate  of  silver  and  acetic  acid  with  gallic  acid.  He 
claimed,  then,  first,  the  employment  of  gallo-nitrate  of  sil- 
ver on  iodized  paper;  secondly,  the  use  of  gallo-nitrate  of 
silver,  or  an  equivalent,  for  the  purpose  of  developing  and 
strengthening  the  photographic  image;  and,  thirdly,  the 
obtaining  portraits  from  the  life  by  the  previously  de- 
scribed means.  The  fourth  claim  was  not  in  dispute  be- 
tween the  parties.  His  Lordship  stated  that  the  first 
question  for  the  jury  was,  whether  Mr.  Reade  had  pre- 
viously discovered  and  published  any  material  part  of  the 
claims  set  up  in  the  patent.  Mr.  Reade's  first  process 
employed  chloride  of  silver,  and  not  nitrate  of  silver,  and 
was  therefore  different  from  the  plaintiff's  discovery.  His 
other  process,  however,  with  the  glazed  cards  was,  in 
reality,  identically  the  same  with  the  plaintiff's,  as  regarded 
the  method  of  preparation  for  giving  sensitiveness ;  gallo- 
nitrate  of  silver  was  employed  in  both.  But  Mr.  Reade 
had  not  mentioned  in  his  letter  the  use  of  iodide  of  potas- 
sium, so  that  in  that  respect,  whether  he  had  used  it  or 
not,  his  description  of  the  method  was  different  from  that 
employed  by  the  plaintiff,  who  used  iodized  paper.  The 
letter  therefore  only  proved  that  Mr.  Reade  was  aware  of 
the  combination  of  nitrate  of  silver  with  gallic  acid  as  a 
sensitive  agent,  and  the  publication  of  the  letter  by  Mr. 


530 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


Brayley's  lectures  could  not  carry  that  part  of  the  case 
farther.  The  second  question  for  the  jury  was  as  to  the 
infringement  by  the  defendant,  and  on  this  point  his  Lord- 
ship remarked  that  the  wonderful  discovery  of  the  latent 
image  was  entirely  due  to  Mr.  Talbot,  who  had  that  high 
merit.  It  was  the  foundation  of  all  that ''followed,  but  it 
was  not  the  subject  of  a  patent,  as  from  its  nature  it  could 
not  be  so.  With  regard  to  the  collodion  process,  when  the 
collodion  was  put  into  the  camera  it  contained  iodide  and 
nitrate  of  silver,  but  no  gallic  acid,  a  material  which  was 
essential  to  the  plaintiff's  process.  It  followed,  therefore, 
that  there  must  be  something  of  a  highly  sensitive  cha- 
racter in  collodion  equivalent  to  gallic  acid,  and  as  yet 
unknown.  Another  point  of  the  second  question  was 
whether,  after  the  respective  substances  were  withdrawn 
from  the  camera,  the  material  applied  by  the  defendant 
was  the  same,  or  a  chemical  equivalent  with  that  em- 
ployed by  the  plaintiff;  or,  in  other  words,  the  point  was 
whether  pyrogallic  acid  was  the  same  or  a  chemical  equi- 
valent with  gallo-nitrate  of  silver ;  if  it  was  either,  there 
was  an  infringement  of  the  patent.  The  evidence  had 
been  pointed  to  a  distinction  between  pyrogallic  and 
gallic  acid ;  but  the  second  claim  of  the  specification,  by 
using  the  word  'liquids,'  meant  gallo-nitrate  of  silver, 
and  therefore  this  latter  body  must  be  compared  with 
pyrogallic  acid.  On  the  whole,  the  jury  were  to  consider, 
as  to  the  question  of  novelty,  did  Mr.  Reade  know  of  the 
use  of  nitrate  of  silver  with  gallic  acid  in  connexion  with 
iodide  of  potassium,  and  did  he  publish  such  discovery 
before  the  date  of  the  plaintiff's  patent  ?  A«d  as  to  the 
question  of  infringement,  was  thejuse  of  collodion  with 
nitrate  of  silver  and  iodide  of  potassium  the  same  with 
the  use  of  paper  prepared  with  nitrate  of  silver,  iodide  of 
potassium,  and  gallic  acid  ?  And,  farther,  was  pyrogallic 
acid  the  same  or  a  chemical  equivalent  with  gallo-nitrate 
of  silver  ? 

"  The  jury  retired,  and  returned  with  a  verdict  that  the 
plaintiff  was  the  first  inventor,  but  that  there  was  no  in- 
fringement, thereby  deciding  in  favour  of  the  defendant." 


to 

"  Plus  occidit  Gula"  fyc.  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  292.).  — 
Francis  Patricius  (a  Sienese,  Bisbop  of  Gaeta) 
bas  in  his  De  Reipublicce  Institutione,  lib.'v.  c.  8.  : 
"  Gula  plures  occidit  quam  gladius,  estque  fomes 
omnium  malorum."  Perhaps  this  reference  may 
suffice  your  correspondent,  although  Patricius  has 
merely  appropriated  the  saying.  Before  his  time, 
somebody  (I  cannot  say  who,  but  quote  memoriter) 
wrote  :  "  Plures  interfecit  gula,  paucos  gladius." 

AMOS  CHALLSTETH. 

Spanish  Reformation  (Vol.  x.,  p.  446.).  —  Be- 
sides the  works  you  mention,  respecting  the 
Reformation  and  martyrs  in  Spain,  your  corre- 
spondent B.  H.  C.,  taking  M'Crie's  History  of  the 
Progress  and  Suppression  of  the  Reformation  in 
Spain  in  the  Sixteenth  Century  for  his  general 
text-book,  should  read : 

"  Sanctse  Inquisitionis  Hispanic*  artes  aliquot  detectae, 
ac  palam  traducts.  Reginaldo  Gonsalvus  Montano 
authore.  Heidelbergse,  1567.  12mo." 

It  is  the   original  veracious   Spanish  Protestant 
martyrology,  and  an  exposure  of  the  practices  of 


the  Inquisition  ;  the  fountain  whence  Foxe,  Lim- 
borch,  and  M'Crie  drew  their  best  information. 
There  is  an  English  translation  in  three  editions ; 
that  of  1569  is  the  best,  with  the  title  : 

"  A  Discovery,  and  Playne  Declaration  of  Sundry 
Subtill  Practices  of  the  Holy  Inquisition  of  Spayne  .  .  . 
by  Eeginaldus  Gonsalinus  Montanus.  4to.  B.  L." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  furnish  information 
respecting  Vincent  Skinner,  the  translator  ? 

Foxe's  Acts  and  Monuments  may  be  consulted 
for  some  additional  particulars.  The  dates,  &c.  of 
the  Spanish  Protestants  in  Senor  don  Adolfo  de 
Castro's  book  should  be  verified  from  other  sources 
to  be  received.  It  is  scarcely  detracting  from  the 
book  to  mention  this,  since  it  has  the  merit  of 
being  the  first  of  its  kind  that  has  openly  ven- 
tured forth  in  Spain  on  a  subject  still  held  to  be 
delicate  to  treat  of  in  that  country.  Senor  Puig- 
blanch's  work  will  be  found  enlarged,  and  much 
more  obtainable  in  the  translation  (The  Inquisition 
Unmasked,  2  vols.  8vo.)  than  the  Spanish  original. 

There  are  various  works  written  by  Spanish 
reformers,  who  were  not  martyrs  in  the  proper 
sense  of  the  term :  as  these  were  composed  and 
printed  out  of  the  country,  they  have  little  re- 
ference to  what  occurred  in  Spain,  except  the  one 
by  Montanus  already  quoted.  B.  B.  W. 

Stars  and  Flowers  (Vol.  vii.  passim;  Vol.  x., 
pp.  253.  494.). — Dr.  J.  Leyden  calls  the  daisy, 
"star  of  the  mead."  Montgomery  speaks  of — 

" that  fair  land, 

Where  daisies  thick  as  star-light  stand, 
In  every  walk !  " 

and  Wordsworth  of  daffodils,  as  "  continuous  as 
the  stars  that  shine,"  &c. 

In  Anderson's  "  Wee  Flowers,"  we  read : 

"  A  bonnie  wee  flower  grew  green  in  the  wuds, 
Like  a  twinkling  wee  star  amang  the  cluds ;" 

and  Barton  addresses  the  evening  primrose : 

"  But  still  more  animating  far, 

If  meek  Religion's  eye  may  trace, 
E'en  in  thy  glimmering  earth-born  star, 
The  holier  hope  of  grace." 

AMOS  CHALLSTETH. 

Descendants  of  Dr.  Sill  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  286.).  — 
A  branch  of  the  family  of  Dr.  Bill  settled  in 
Staffordshire,  in  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  where  their  descendants  at  present  re- 
main; their  residence  being  at  Farley  Hall,  near 
Cheadle.  M.  L.  B. 

Cromwell's  Irish  Grants  (Vol.  x.,  p.  365.).  — 
There  is  not,  I  believe,  any  "printed  account 
of  the  lands  distributed  by  Oliver  Cromwell  to 
his  army  in  Ireland."  A  grant  was  made  by 
Charles  II.  on  Dec.  20,  in  the  eighteenth  year  of 
his  reign,  to  Thomas  Phelps,  of  1731  a.  2r.  16  p. 
statute  measure,  in  the  county  of  Tipperary ;  and 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


531 


of  12  a.  Or.  24p.  in  the  county  of  Kerry,  subject 
to  a  quit  rent  payable  to  the  crown  of  16/.  4*.  8d. 
This  fact  I  gather  from  the  printed  Abstracts  of 
Grants  of  Lands  and  other  Hereditaments,  under 
the  Acts  of  Settlement  and  Explanation,  A.D.  1666 
— 1684,  published  under  the  Irish  Record  Com- 
mission, 1821 — 1825.  The  same  grant  is  also 
enrolled  on  the  Communia  Roll  of  the  Exchequer 
of  Hilary  Term,  1666.  It  appears,  by  the  llth 
Roll  of  Certificates  to  Adventurers,  membrane  19, 
that  Thomas  Phelps  exhibited  his  petition  before 
the  Commissioners  appointed  under  the  Acts  of 
Settlement  and  Explanation,  on  February  6, 
18  Charles  II. ;  and  his  claim  was  heard  on  Mon- 
day, Aug.  6,  following ;  and  the  same  Commis- 
sioners, on  Aug.  24,  1666,  by  their  decree  adjudged 
him  to  be  lawfully  entitled  to  the  lands  which 
were  subsequently  granted  to  him  by  the  letters 
patent  to  which  I  have  referred.  I  find  mention 
made  of  Edward  and  John  Phelps  upon  the  like 
Rolls  of  Certificates.  And  by  the  Communia 
Roll  of  the  Exchequer  of  Hilary  Term,  1662,  it 
appears,  that  one  Nicholas  Phelps  and  Edward 
Fewtrill  were  tenants  of  the  lands  of  Johnstown 
and  JMichelstown  in  the  county  of  Louth,  which 
were  parcels  of  the  estate  of  the  family  of  Gernon. 
JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 
Dublin. 

Landing  of  William  III.  (Vol.  x.,  p.  424.).  — 
Seeing  a  question  about  the  landing  of  the  Prince 
of  Orange  on  Nov.  5,  I  thought  perhaps  the  fol- 
lowing extracts  might  be  amusing.  They  are  from 
a  book  entitled : 

"  The  History  of  the  Desertion ;  or  an  Account  of  all 
the  Publick  Affairs  in  England,  from  the  beginning  of 
September,  1688,  to  the  Twelfth  of  February  following. 
By  a  Person  of  Quality :  London,  1689." 

"  And  when  all  men  expected  the  invasion  would  fall 
on  the  north,  the  third  of  November,  between  ten  and 
eleven  of  the  clock,  the  Dutch  fleet  was  discovered  about 
half  seas  over,  between  Calice  and  Dover ;  and  about  five, 
this  numerous  fleet  was  passed  bv  that  town,  steering  a 
channel-course  westward,  the  wind  at  E.  N.  E.,  a  fresh 
gale.  The  fourth  day  being  Sunday,  and  the  birthday 
of  the  Prince  of  Orange,  the  fleet  drove  till  four  in  the 
afternoon  ;  the  morning  being  spent  in  sermons,  and  other 
divine  offices.  And  then  it  sailed  again  to  the  westward. 
The  fifth  of  November,  the  Dutch  fleet  passed  by  Dart- 
mouth ;  and  it  being  a  hazy  foggy  morning,  and  full  of 
rain,  they  overshot  Torbay,  where  the  Prince  intended 
to  land  ;  but  about  nine  of  the  clock,  the  weather  cleared 
up,  and  the  wind  changed  W.  S.  W.,  and  the  fleet  stood 
eastward,  with  a  moderate  gale,  entering  Torbay,  and 
being  then  about  400  or  500  sail  in  number.  This  change 
of  the  wind  was  observed  by  Dr.  Burnet  to  have  been  of 
no  long  duration  ;  but  immediately  it  chopped  into  another 
corner,  when  it  had  executed  its  commission." 

AUCEPS. 

"The  DeviFs  Dozen"  (Vol.  x.,  p.  474.). —In 
defence  of  his  Query,  G-  N.  may  be  permitted  to 
say  to  C.  that  he  could  not  be  "  thinking"  of  what 
he  had  never  "  heard,"  viz.  the  "  baker's  dozen." 


Curiosity  has  since  led  him  to  inquire,  and  he 
finds  that  the  Scotch  baxter,  or  baker,  may  at 
times,  to  a  good  customer,  give  a  farthing  biscuit 
—  as  what  is  called  "too  (or  additional)  bread" — 
on  the  purchase  of  a  shilling's  worth  :  or  in  cases, 
as  to  sub-retailers,  allow  in  money  a  premium  of 
one  penny  for  every  twelve  pence.  The  saying 
has  however  so  long  obtained,  and  has  been  so 
widely  diffused  over  the  country,  besides  having 
been  so  often  printed,  that  he  can  scarcely  admit 
the  doughy  definition  of  C.  as  its  true  origin  ;  and 
apprehends,  till  we  receive  a  better,  we  must  go 
back  to  the  gloomy  days  of  witchcraft  for  a  solu- 
tion—  when  the  magic  circle,  inscribed  around 
with  the  twelve  signs  of  the  Zodiac,  was  ceremo- 
nially in  fashion,  and  his  "  Satanic  majesty,"  pre- 
siding in  its  centre,  constituted  the  thirteenth  in 
number. 

I  may  be  allowed  to  append  the  observation  of 
Dr.  Jamieson  on  the  phrase  : 

"  This  number  is  accounted  so  unlucky,  that  I  have 
seen  people,  who  were  in  other  respects  intelligent,  refuse 
to  form  one  of  a  company  that  would  amount  to  thirteen. 
Many  will  not  sail  in  a  vessel  when  this  is  the  number  of 
persons  on  board,  as  it  is  believed  that  some  fatal  acci- 
dent must  befal  one  of  them.  Whence  this  strange 
superstition  could  originate,  it  is  impossible  to  say ;  but 
it  evidently  includes  the  idea  that  the  thirteenth  is  the 
devil's  lot." 

G.  N. 

Hazlitts  "  Essay  on  Will-making"  (Vol.  x., 
p.  446.). — Your  correspondent  B.  M.  Y.,  who  in- 
quires where  this  Essay  may  be  found,  would 
perhaps  be  interested  to  know,  that  in  a  volume 
of  Hazlitt's  Works,  in  my  possession,  the  par- 
ticular Essay  referred  to  has  a  note  in  the  margin 
in  the  handwriting  of  Wordsworth.  It  relates  to 
the  anecdote  of  a  will-maker,  who  amused  himself 
with  bequeathing  imaginary  estates  to  various 
persons  —  a  story  which  Marryat,  I  think,  adopted 
in  one  of  his  sea-novels.  The  note  is  as  follows : 

"  This  story  must  have  come  from  me.  It  is  exag- 
gerated here.  The  person  was  a  schoolfellow  of  mine, 
and  I  had  the  particulars  of  his  will  from  a  brother  of  one 
of  his  executors.  He  did  not  bequeath  large  estates,  &c., 
but  very  considerable  sums  of  money  to  different  relatives 
and  friends;  without  being  possessed  of  a  sixpence,  or 
having  reason  to  believe  that  he  was. — W. WORDSWORTH."' 

W.  M.  T. 

The  Boyle  Lectures  (Vol.  x.,  p.  445.).— The 
present  trustees  are  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  the 
Earl  of  Burlington,  and  the  Bishop  of  London. 
The  last  volume  was  published  in  August,  1854, 
by  the  Rev.  Canon  Wordsworth,  being  a  Series  of 
Sermons  on  Religious  Restoration  in  England, 
preached  in  Westminster  Abbey.  F.  R. 

Andrea  Ferrara  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  224. 41 2.).— Though 
I  cannot  tell  you  who  "Andrea"  was,  or  where  he 
lived,  or  when,  or  whether  his  name  was  Andrea 
of  Ferrara,  or  Andrea  Ferrara  ;  this  I  know,  that 


532 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


his  fame  was  prior  to  1715  or  1745.  A  Highland 
broadsword  was  dug  or  ploughed  up,  in  1816  I 
think,  on  the  plain  of  Philiphaugh  (where  Mon- 
trose  was  defeated),  with  "Andrea  Ferrara"  on 
the  blade.  It  is  in  the  possession  of  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch  at  Bowhill,  and  was  given  to  his  father, 
Duke  Charles. 

I  myself  possess  a  very  fine  blade  with  "  Andrea 
Ferrara  "  upon  it,  that  was  in  an  old  manor-house 
in  Warwickshire.  It  is  a  Highland  broadsword. 
I  fancy  also  you  will  find  that  these  were  called 
"  Ferrara' s,"  as  a  bye-name  for  thin  broadswords, 
at  a  very  early  period  in  Highland  warfare.  I 
always  heard  in  my  youth  that  he  was  a  Spaniard, 
celebrated  for  his  blades  of  Toledo.  The  High- 
landers had  no  means  of  getting  any  fine  blades 
except  from  abroad ;  and  in  early  days,  before  the 
days  of  Mary  and  James  VI.,  when  Scotland  was 
at  war  with  England,  their  broadswords,  I  think 
you  will  find,  were  called  Claymores  and  Ferraras. 

SCOTDS. 

P.  S.  —  There  is  a  Highland  broadsword  in  the 
possession  of  John  Spottiswood  of  that  ilk,  that 
was  used  at  the  pass  of  Killikrankie  with  the 
gallant  Dundee.  Andrea  Ferrara  had  vindicated 
the  cause  of  the  ancient  House  of  Stuart  before 
the  days  of  Prince  Charles  Stuart,  and  had  made 
a  deep  impression  on  the  followers  of  the  Pre- 
tender, William  of  Orange,  before  the  Highlanders 
routed  the  forces  of  the  other  Pretender  of  Ha- 
nover at  Preston  Pans. 

Richard  Lovelace  (Vol.  x.,  p.  44-6.).  — I  copy 
the  following  extract  from  a  short  review  of  Love- 
lace's poems  which  appeared  in  JsTo.  III.  of  the 
Carthusian  (published  by  Walker,  58.  Barbican, 
in  1837),  where,  at  p.  251.,  the  schoolboy- 
reviewer  writes : 

"  The  following  extract  from  Aubrey  tells  an  eloquent 
tale  of  his  desolate  end  :  — '  Richard  Lovelace,  Esq.,  obiit 
in  a  cellar  in  Long  Acre,  a  little  before  the  Restoration  of 
his  Matie.  Mr.  Edin.  Wyld,  &c.,  had  made  collections  for 
him,  and  given  him  money.  He  was  an  extraordinary 
handsome  man,  but  proud.'  " 

If  A.  S.  be  not  already  acquainted  with  the 
article  from  which  I  quote,  he  might  find  the  pe- 
rusal of  it  not  altogether  uninteresting. 

J.  SANSOM. 

Curran  a  Preacher  (Vol.  x.,  p.  388.).  —  I  feel 
convinced  that  no  layman  was  ever  permitted  to 
preach  in  the  chapel  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
or  of  any  other  church  in  the  United  Kingdom.  I 
believe  that  the  oration — not  "  sermon  " — in  laudem 
decori  was  delivered  by  Curran,  either  from  the 
rostrum  in  the  dining-hall  of  Trinity  College, 
whence  public  orations  by  members  of  the  Uni- 
versity were  sometimes  declaimed ;  or  from  the 
organ-loft  of  the  examination-hall.  The  slang- 
phrase  of  "  being  sent  to  play  the  organ "  was 
formerly  equivalent,  in  Trinity  College,  to  having 


been  unable  to  pass  one  of  the  terminal  examin- 
ations. Cannot  your  learned  correspondent  DR. 
TODD  enlighten  us  on  this  subject  ?  JUVERNA. 

Hannah  Lightfoot ;  Perryn  of  Knightsbridge 
(Vol.  x.,  p.  228.). — I  am  informed  by  a  nearly 
seventy  years'  inhabitant  of  Knightsbridge,  that  a 
family  of  that  name  were  for  many  years  esta- 
blished in  the  hamlet.  The  last  of  them  here  were 
dressmakers  ;  they  resided  in  Exeter  Street  (a 
different  street  formerly  to  what  it  is  now),  and 
were  much  patronised  by  the  old-fashioned  gentry 
then  resident  in  the  neighbourhood.  H.  G.  D. 

Lines  at  Jerpoint  Abbey  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  308.  355. 
433.).  —  I  possess  a  copy  of  the  Memoirs  of  the 
Family  of  Grace,  in  two  volumes  quarto ;  the 
second  contains  — 

"  The  lines  written  at  Jerpoint  Abbey,  which  occupy 
16  pages,  having  a  separate  title-page  (date  1823)  and 
dedication  '  To  Sheffield  Grace,  Esq.,  F.  S.  A.,  this  pro- 
duction is  respectfully  inscribed  by  one  who  admires  his 
talents  and  values  his  friendship.'  " 

No  author's  name  is  mentioned,  but  I  have  always 
understood  that  the  lines  were  written  by  S.  C. 
Hall,  Esq. 

The  copy  of  the  Grace  Memoirs  (4to.)  in  the 
Library  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  contains 
"  the  lines,"  and  on  the  title-page  it  is  stated  that 
they  were  reprinted  by  permission  of  S.  C.  Hall, 
Esq.  J.  J.  H. 

Blackheath. 

Boscobel  Box  (Vol.  x.,  p.  382.).  —  On  reading 
the  four  English  versions  of  "  Ipsa  Jovi  neinus," 
I  could  not  repress  my  surprise  that  the  late  Dr. 
Jones  of  Kidderminster  should  have  failed  in  dis- 
covering the  plain  meaning  of  the  passage,  which 
I  conceive  to  be  this  : 

Arbor  loquitur.  — 

"  Ipsa  (quercus  fui)  nemus  Jovi." 

"  I  myself,  a  single  oak-tree,  was  equivalent  to  a  grove 
for  the  purpose  of  concealing  Jove  (i.  e.  Charles)  from  his 
pursuers." 

I  need  not  say  that  the  comparison  of  kings  to 
deities  is  a  well-known  figure  of  speech,  as  every 
reader  knows  who  is  acquainted  with  the  classics ; 
and  CUTHBERT  BEDE,  himself  a  brother  Oxonian, 
and  "  a  double  first,"  can  doubtless  multiply  ex- 
amples in  proof  of  my  assertion.  JUVERNA,  M.  A. 

Is  not  the  meaning  of  the  words  "Ipsa  Jovi 
nemus  "  (pp.  382,  383.),  that  the  single  tree  was 
as  good  as  a  whole  grove  to  Jupiter,  i.  e.  the 
monarch,  or  else  to  Jupiter  the  god?  Jones's 
translations  do  not  appear  to  put  the  sense  cor- 
rectly. Ouriy. 

Molines  of  Stoke-Poges  (Vol.  x.,  p.  444.).— 
The  famous  siege  of  Orleans  commenced  in  1428  ; 
John  Talbot,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  attacking  the  city 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


533 


on  October  the  12th,  1428.  The  siege  lasted 
about  seven  months,  being  raised  on  April  the 
29tb,  1429.  See  Haydn's  Dictionary  of  Dates  ; 
see  also  The  Chronicles  of  Enguerraud  De  Mon- 
strelet,  who  also  says  that  Lord  Salisbury  came 
before  Orleans  in  the  month  of  October,  1428,  and 
that  the  siege  lasted  about  seven  months.  A.  B. 

"Mather,"  "  Other"  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  252.  455.).— 
The  adverb  rather  is  undoubtedly  a  comparative 
of  the  Saxon  rath  (quick  or  soon)  ;  but  your  cor- 
respondent ERICA,  is  mistaken  in  supposing  that 
the  comparative  is  of  modern  formation,  the  in- 
flexion being  Anglo-Saxon  no  less  than  the  word 
itself  (rathor  comp.  of  rath).  The  word  rather, 
like  piu  tosto  in  Italian,  plutot  in  French,  originally 
signified  prior  in  time,  as  the  word  sooner  some- 
times expresses  preference.  All  uses  of  rather 
not  comprising  in  some  way  the  idea  of  preference 
—  the  meanings  "  quick  "  and  "  early  "  being  now 
quite  obsolete  —  I  should  take  to  be  modern  per- 
versions. Johnson  and  Webster  are  both  silent 
upon  such  uses,  probably  considering  them  as 
vulgarisms.  Your  correspondent  ERICA'S  idea, 
that  "  I  am  rather  tired  "  is  an  ellipse  for  "  I  am 
rather  tired  than  not,"  or  "  than  otherwise,"  may 
suggest  how  some  of  these  perversions  have 
arisen. 

I  am  not  so  sure  that  other  is,  or  ever  was,  a 
comparative ;  nor  does  the  occasional  use  of  than 
after  it  convince  me.  The  French  say  "  un  autre 
que  lui"  (another  than  he),  although  there  is 
nothing  in  autre  that  would  sound  like  a  compara- 
tive to  the  French  ear.  Autre  is  undoubtedly 
derived  from  alter,  Lat.,  which  again  is  said  to  be 
from  aAAos  and  ertpos.  In  all  this  there  is  nothing 
like  comparison.  Webster  suggests,  with  a  query, 
1JV  ("  residue,"  pronounced,  as  the  rabbis  point 
it,  ether),  which  is  certainly  not  a  comparative. 
He  also  gives  cetuthar,  Goth.,  about  which  I  am 
unable  to  say  anything,  though  I  think  it  will  be 
seen  from  the  derivatives  and  supposed  derivatives 
mentioned  above  that  the  final  r  in  other  is  a 
radical.  W.  M.  T. 

The  Sultan  of  the  Crimea  (Vol.  x.,  p.  453.).  — 
Your  correspondent  M.  D.  will  find  that  the  last 
KMti  of  the  Crimea  was  Shahin  Gira'i,  who  with- 
drew to  Constantinople  in  1784,  soon  after  his 
territory  was  ceded  by  the  Turks  to  the  Empress 
of  Russia  by  Potemkin's  treaty  in  1783.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  strangled  by  order  of  the  Grand 
Signor  a  year  or  two  afterwards.  (Langles,  Voy. 
de  G.  Forster,  iii.  479.)  Bahadur  Girai,  one 
of  his  brothers,  his  kalgha  or  viceroy,  attempted 
to  dispossess  him,  and  being  unsuccessful,  probably 
saved  himself  by  flight.  As  kalgha  is  pronounced 
much  as  kaTd,  he  may  therefore  have  been  the 
"  Sultan  Kele  Ghery,"  well  remembered  by  M.  D. 
The  interval  of  forty  years,  however,  between 
1784  and  1824,  is  long,  and  throws  some  sus- 


picion on  the  sultan's  account  of  himself  ("  N. 
&  Q.,"  Vol.  x.,  p.  326.).  If  he  went  out  as  a 
missionary  to  Tartary  (Astrakhan  ?),  the  Edin- 
burgh Missionary  Society  probably  have  some 
record  of  him.  A  NAT. 

"  De  bene  esse  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  403.).  —  This  phrase 
is  used  by  lawyers  to  express  that  a  thing  or  act 
is  taken  or  accepted  as  well  being  or  well  done, 
until  upon  examination  its  merits  or  admissibility 
shall  be  determined.  Thus  a  witness  is  sometimes 
permitted  to  be  examined  de  bene  esse,  the  ques- 
tion whether  his  evidence  is  or  is  not  legally  ad- 
missible being  deferred  for  subsequent  adjudica- 
tion. H.  E.  N. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

"  Niagara"  or  "  Niagara"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  573., 
&c.). — MR.  W.  FRASER,  in  opening  the  discus- 
sion of  this  qutestio  vexata,  asserted  (in  Vol.  vi., 
p.  555.)  that  "  the  Huron  pronunciation,  and  un- 
questionably the  more  musical,  was  Niagara;" 
and  asked,  "  Have  the  Yankees  thrown  back  the 
accent  to  the  antepenult  ?  "  As  his  Query  has 
received  no  reply,  permit  me  to  assure  him  that 
the  Yankees  are  in  no  wise  responsible  for  a 
change  of  accent.  What  "  the  Huron  pronunci- 
ation" might  have  been,  is  uncertain,  as  the  word 
had  no  place  in  the  Huron  vocabulary.  It  is-  a 
contracted  form  of  the  Iroquois  name  Oniagarah ; 
or,  as  it  was  sometimes  written  in  old  authors, 
Oghniaga  and  Oneagorah.  Ak,  in  the  Iroquois, 
denotes  "an  upright  rock;"  ara,  a  "path  at  a 
gorge."  The  former  word,  and  perhaps  the  latter, 
helped  to  make  up  the  original  botryoidal  name ; 
though  the  syllable  ar  (as  Schoolcraft  suggests), 
may  denote  "  rocks,"  like  the  tar  in  "  Ontario," 
and  dar  in  "  Cadaracqui "  ( Schooler aft's  Hist,  of 
the  Indian  Tribes,  &fc.,  Philadelphia,  1854,  Part  IT., 
pp.  381.  384.)  The  collation  of  various  forms  of 
the  name  which  occur  in  old  manuscripts,  Indian 
deeds,  &c.,  affords  conclusive  evidence  that  the 
principal  accent  did  not  fall  on  the  vowel  of  the 
penult.  T.  Dongan  (English  Governor  of  New 
York),  in  a  letter  to  M.  de  Denonville,  Governor 
of  Canada  in  1686,  writes  Ohniagero  (Doc.  Hist. 
of  New  York,  vol.  ii.  p.  206.).  In  his  Report  to 
the  Committee  of  Trade,  1687,  he  twice  mentions 
Oneigra  (Ibid.,  p.  155.).  The  same  year,  he  uses 
the  form  Onyegra.  The  recorded  examination  of 
an  Indian  prisoner,  'Aug.  1687,  gives  Oneageragh 
(Ibid.,  pp.  251.  258.)  The  deed  of  the  Sachems 
of  the  Five  Nations  to  George  I.,  Sept.  13,  1726, 
mentions  "  the  falls  ofOniagara,  or  Canaguaraghe" 
(Id.,  vol.  i.  p.  774.).  In  1751,  I  find  Niagra  and 
Nigra,  in  the  letters  of  Lieut.  Lindesay  to  Col. 
(Sir)  Wm.  Johnson  (Id.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  623,  624.). 
And,  finally,  in  a  letter  from  Rob.  Livingston, 
Jun.,  to  Gov.  De  Lancey,  written  in  1755,  On- 
jagera  (Id.,  vol.  i.  p.  811.) 


534 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


Goldsmith's  pronunciation  (in  the  oft-quoted 
line  from  The  Traveller)  was  perhaps  "more 
musical"  than  the  Iroquois;  but  a  "Yankee,"  be- 
fore recognising  its  authority,  would  suggest  a 
reference  to  such  of  the  correspondents  of  "  N. 
&  Q."  as  have  in  hand  the  subject  of  "  Irish 
Rhymes."  VBRTAUB. 

Hartford,  Conn. 

Old  Jokes  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  146.).  —  In  A  Letter  to 
the  Committee  of  Management  of  Drury  Lane 
Theatre,  London,  1819,  pp.64.,  the  author,  who 
complains  of  the  injudicious  rejection  of  several 
plays,  and  especially  of  his  own  comedy,  says  : 

"  And  you  thought  the  jokes  were  stolen  because  Mr. 
Peter  Moore  had  seen  '  something  like  '  some  of  them 
before.  '  Nullum  simile  est  idem.'  Some  of  you  can 
translate  that  to  Mr.  Peter  Moore,  and  tell  him  that  if  he 
could  read  Hierocles  he  would  find  the  long-lived  raven 
and  the  sample  brick  in  him,  and  something  exactly  like 
John  Chinaman's  pig  in  Aristophanes."  —  P.  25. 

Where  in  Aristophanes  ?  "W.  W. 

Were  Cannon  used  at  Crecy  ?  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  306. 
412.).  —  Villani,  an  Italian  author  who  died  in 
1348,  states  that  the  English  used  cannon  at 
Crecy.  A  passage  in  the  Chronicles  of  St.  Denis 
refers  to  the  use  of  cannon  at  Crecy.  Nor  is 
Froissart  silent  on  this  subject,  for  in  a  manuscript 
of  Froissart  ("  a  cotemporary  and  a  Frenchman  ") 
preserved  in  the  library  of  Amiens,  it  is  distinctly 
stated  that  cannon  were  used  by  the  English  at 
Crecy.  The  passage  I  refer  to  is  quoted  by  Na- 
poleon (the  present  emperor)  in  his  work  on 
Artillery,  and  runs  thus  : 

"Et  li  Angles  descliquerent  aucun  cannons  qu'ils 
avaient  en  la  bataille  pour  esbahir  les  Genevois." 

which  may  be  translated,  — 

"  And  the  English  caused  to  fire  suddenly  certain  guns 
which  they  had  in  the  battle,  to  astonish  (or  confound) 
the  Genoese." 

R.A. 

The  Pope  sitting  on  the  Altar  (Vol.  x.,  pp.  161. 
349.). — It  may  perhaps  assist  to  put  this  matter  in 
its  proper  light  to  state,  that  the  Roman  Catholics 
on  the  Continent  do  not  regard  the  altar  with 
especial  reverence,  unless  when  the  Host  is  upon 
it.  At  all  other  times,  it  is  regarded  simply  as 
any  other  piece  of  church  furniture.  I  remember 
on  one  occasion,  while  sketching  in  one  of  the 
churches  in  Florence,  I  was  somewhat  encum- 
bered by  my  hat,  when  one  of  the  priests  very 
politely  relieved  me  of  it,  and  to  my  surprise 
(for  I  was  new  to  Italy)  placed  it  on  an  altar  close 
by.  But  when  another  stranger  attempted  to 
touch  another  altar,  he  earnestly  checked  him  ; 
pointing  to  the  lamp  which  was  burning  before  it, 
and  which  is  the  sign  that  a  consecrated  Host  is 
in  the  tabernacle.  I  have  seen,  even  in  St.  Peter's 
at  Rome,  the  different  persons  about  the  cathedral 


place  anything  that  might  be  in  the  way  upon 
any  of  the  altars  which  had  not  the  lighted  lamp 
before  them.  So  again,  if  a  church  is  under  re- 
pair, or  divine  service  is  from  any  cause  sus- 
pended, the  crucifix  is  removed  from  the  high 
altar ;  and  people  walk  about  with  their  hats  on, 
as  they  would  in  any  other  building.  In  fact, 
whatever  superstitious  usages  may  be  charged 
against  the  Church  of  Rome,  there  is  no  inordi- 
nate respect  to  the  stone  or  marble,  either  of  the 
altar  or  the  church,  apart  from  the  presence  of 
the  antitype. 

Perhaps  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  state, 
that  three  out  of  four  altars  throughout  Italy 
have  no  credence.  Where  such  exist,  they  gene- 
rally are  in  pairs,  one  on  each  side,  and  of  archi- 
tectural design.  Sometimes,  as  at  St.  Peter's,  a 
movable  table  is  used ;  but  the  sacred  elements 
are  never  placed  on  the  credence.  The  priest 
brings  in  his  hands  the  chalice,  which  is  covered 
with  (if  I  remember  right)  what  is  called  "  il  cor- 
porate :"  in  this  lies  "la  ostia,"  or  wafer.  The 
whole  is  placed  at  once  on  the  altar,  and  not 
touched  till  the  moment  of  consecration.  If  the 
priest  does  not  communicate,  the  host  is  placed  in 
the  Monstrance  or  "  Ostensorio,"  and  shut  up  in 
the  tabernacle.  I  never  saw  either  in  Rome  or 
Milan  (where  the  Arabrosian  rite  is  preserved) 
the  elements  placed  on  the  credence  table  ;  which 
in  fact  is  generally  used  to  deposit  the  mitres, 
incense,  &c.,  upon.  A.  A. 

Old  Palace  Yard,  Westminster. 

Thames  Water  (Vol.  x.,  p.  402.).— MR.  GATTY'S 
information  is  correct.  The  East  Indiamen  con- 
stantly took  in  their  water  below  London  :  it  very 
speedily  became  exceedingly  offensive,  but  after- 
wards bright  and  pure,  and  was  considered  the 
very  best  for  ship  purposes.  EDW.  HAWKINS. 

Divination  by  Coffee-grounds  (Vol.  x.,  p.  420.) 
—  The  divination  by  "  coffee-grounds"  appears  to 
be  the  same  as  that  still  practised  by  young 
females  in  Scotland  out  of  frolic,  called  "  reading 
the  cups."  In  any  of  the  residuum  of  the  tea  leaves 
which  may  have  subsided  at  the  bottom  of  the 
cup  of  tea,  there  is  fancied  to  be  seen  represent- 
ations of  utensils  in  trade,  horses,  cows,  coaches, 
houses,  castles,  &c.,  from  which  are  prognosticated 
the  station,  occupation,  &c.  of  the  future  husband. 
A  piece  of  the  woody  fibre  of  the  tea,  which  may 
be  accidentally  swimming  in  the  liquid,  is  named 
a  "  stranger,"  and  is  taken  out  and  bitten  between 
the  teeth  :  if  found  to  be  hard,  it  is  a  male ;  if  soft, 
&  female;  and  if  large  or  small,  indicates  the  tall- 
ness  or  shortness  of  some  person  expected  to  visit 
that  day  at  the  house.  Without  wishing  to  be 
thought  superstitious,  I  have  frequently  noticed 
the  latter  part  of  the  omen  to  turn  out  remarkably 
true,  in  having  agreeably  had  a  call  from  some  one 


DEC.  30.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


535 


of  whom  I  had  no  anticipation.  No  doubt  that 
circumstance  would  have  happened  whether  or 
not;  but,  asMr.Addison  observes,  if  the  imagination 
be  affected,  "  a  rusty  nail  or  a  crooked  pin  starts 
up  into  prodigies."  G.  N. 

Bryant  Family  (Vol.  x.,  p.  385.). — It  may  be 
satisfactory  to  A  FRIEND  OF  THE  FAMILY  to  know 
that  the  coat  of  arms  used  by  the  Bryants  of 
Devonshire  was  that  of  the  ancient  family  of 
Bryan,  viz.,  Or,  three  tiles  in  point  azure.  They 
are  not  found  to  have  been  located  at  Tiverton, 
but  memorials  of  them  exist  in  three  or  four  other 
parishes  of  the  county.  J.  D.  S. 

"  Goucho  "  or  "  Guacho  "  (Vol.  x.,  p.  346.).  — 
In  answer  to  A.  C.  M.'s  Query  on  the  above  sub- 
ject, I  beg  to  say  that  the  proper  name  for  the  in- 
habitants of  the  Pampas  is  "  Gaucho,"  pronounced, 
as  your  correspondent  has  probably  heard  it,  more 
or  less  like  Goucho,  or  rather  Gowcho,  sounding 
the  a  as  in  Spanish  "  ah,"  and  the  u  "  oo." 

Some  of  the  tribes  of  these  people  live  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Cordillera,  and  these  the  Chilenos 
call  "  Guasos  "  (pronounced  nearly  "  H'uasos  "), 
to  distinguish  them  from  their  eastern  brethren  ; 
and  it  is  by  confusing  and  blending  these  two 
words  that  travellers  have  made  the  bastard  name 
Guacho.  There  is,  indeed,  such  a  word,  but  it 
signifies  a  pet  animal,  and  especially  a  foundling. 

HENRY  H.  GIBBS. 
Frognal,  Hampstead. 

Brasses  restored  (Vol.  x.,  p.  104.).  —  The  in- 
formation sought  by  your  correspondent  MR. 
STANLEY  is  given  in  the  following  sentence  : 

"  The  plain  cobbler's  heel-ball  has  been  hitherto  used 
for  taking  off  brasses ;  but  they  were  reversed  in  their 
appearance,  the  black  incised  lines  of  the  original  be- 
coming white  in  the  rubbing.  For  white  or  light-coloured 
paper  Mr.  Richardson  now  substitutes  black  paper ;  and 
for  heel-ball  a  metallic  composition,  which,  rubbed  on  the 
black  paper,  produces  a  metallic  surface,  nearly  resembling 
that  of  the  original  brass  itself.  So  that,  with  no  more 
labour  than  is  required  by  the  old  process,  Mr.  Richard- 
son's new  process  gives  almost  a  perfect  fac-simile  of  the 
original."  —  Atheiueum,  No.  888. 

w.  w. 

Malta. 

The  Beginning  of  Mormonism  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  153. 
548.).— 

"  Twenty-eight  years  ago  Joe  Smith,  the  founder  of 
this  sect,  and  Harris,  his  first  convert,  applied  to  the  senior 
editor  of  this  journal,  then  residing  in  Rochester,  to  print 
his  Book  of  Mormon,  then  just  transcribed  from  the 
'  Golden  Bible,'  which  Joe  had  found  in  the  cleft  of  a 
rock,  to  which  he  had  been  guided  by  a  vision. 

"  We  attempted  to  read  the  first  chapter,  but  it  seemed 
such  unintelligible  jargon  that  it  was  thrown  aside.  Joe 
was  a  tavern  idler  in  the  village  of  Palmyra.  Harris,  who 
offered  to  pay  for  the  printing,  was  a  substantial  farmer. 
Disgusted  with  what  we  considered  a  weak  invention, 
and  not  caring  to  strip  Harris  of  his  hard  earnings,  the 
proposition  was  declined. 


"  The  MS.  was  then  taken  to  another  printing-office 
across  the  street,  from  whence  in  due  time  the  original 
Mormon  Bible  made  its  advent. 

'  Tall  trees  from  little  acorns  grow.' 

But  who  would  have  anticipated  from  such  a  bald,  shal- 
low, senseless  imposition,  such  world-wide  consequences? 
To  remember  and  contrast  Joe  Smith,  with  his  loafer 
look,  pretending  to  read  from  a  miraculous  slate-stone 
placed  in  his  hat,  with  the  Mormonism  of  the  present  day, 
awakens  thoughts  alike  painful  and  mortifying.  There  is 
no  limit,  even  in  this  most  enlightened  of  all  ages  of 
knowledge,  to  the  influence  of  imposture  and  credulity. 
If  knaves,  or  even  fools,  invent  creeds,  nothing  is  too 
monstrous  for  belief.  Nor  does  the  fact,  a  fact  not  dis- 
guised nor  denied,  that  all  the  Mormon  leaders  are  rascals 
as  well  as  impostors,  either  open  the  eyes  of  their  dupes, 
or  arrest  the  progress  of  delusion."  —  Albany  Journal. 

w.w. 

Malta. 

Chaucer's  Parish  Priest  (Vol.  x.,  p.  387.).  —  I 
suppose  the  notion  of  Chaucer  having  intended  his 
portrait  of  a  parish  priest  for  Wickliff,  is  of  equal 
authenticity  with  the  tradition  that  Dryden  drew 
his  beautiful  exemplification  of  it  from  Bishop 
Ken. 


"  Oriel"  (Vol.x.,p.39L).  —  Your  correspondent 
M.  (2.)  appears  to  me  not  to  have  quite  arrived 
at  the  true  etymology  of  the  word  oriel,  but  to  be 
very  near  it,  in  schoolboy  language  "  to  burn." 
If  he  will  take  the  trouble  of  referring  to  Jacob 
Bryant's  Observations  upon  the  Poems  of  Thomas 
Rowley,  p.  452.,  he  will  find  that  in  the  second 
note  the  word  oryall  is  explained  as  "  a  gothic, 
projecting  window;"  with  a  remark,  that  there 
is,  in  fortification,  a  projecting  work  or  casemate, 
called  an  orillon  at  this  day.  Now,  as  the  term 
expresses  any  projection,  such  as  the  ear  is  upon 
the  head,  it  applies  equally  to  a  porch  or  project- 
ing window,  both  of  which  are  admitted  to  be 
expressed  by  the  word  oriel  ;  and  it  is  more  pro- 
bable, that  the  latter  term  should  be  derived  from 
the  Norman-French  than  any  other  language. 

I  cannot  but  remark,  upon  the  extreme  inad- 
missibility  of  an  assertion  of  the  late  Bishop  of 
LLuidaff  (Skeltou's  Oxonia  Antiqua),  that  oriolum 
is  in  reality  only  oxtiolum.  If  the  word  is  a  dimi- 
nutive, how  come  ost,  the  radicals,  to  be  converted 
into  or;  or  how  comes  a  genuine  Latin  word  to 
have  been  so  transformed  and  misused  ?  The 
truth  appeal's  to  be,  that  the  members  of  Oriel 
College,  know  nothing  more  than  their  neigh- 
bours about  the  etymology  of  the  word,  but  only 
that  their  buildings  were  erected  on  the  site 
of  a  messuage  called  "  Le  Oriole."  Improving 
upon  this,  the  bishop  conjectures  that,  tin-  stone 
porch  of  entrance,  now  seen  in  the  college  quad- 
rangle, is  an  oriel,  properly  so  termed.  It  may 
be  so  ;  but  sure  I  am,  that  it  did  not  give  name 
to  the  college,  and  that  nothing  has  vet  been. 
produced  from  their  records  which  will  at  all 
help  the  inquiry.  Guru. 


536 


XOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Perhaps  one  of  the  most  appropriate,  as  it  is  certainly 
one  of  the  most  beautiful,  of  the  books  which  have  been 
published  at  this  present-giving  season,  is  a  volume 
containing  twenty  photographs  from  drawings  by  an 
"  accomplished  lady,"  whose  initials  we  do  not  attempt  to 
fill  up.  It  is  entitled,  Illustrations  of  Scripture,  by  an 
Animal  Painter,  with  Notes  by  a  Naturalist.  And  whether 
we  look  at  the  artistic  skill  exhibited  in  the  original 
drawings  (a  skill  which  has  won  the  praise  of  Landseer), 
in  this  new  application  of  photography,  by  which  those 
drawings  have  been  reproduced  with  a  fidelity  not  to  be 
attained  by  any  other  process  —  or  at  the  well-written  and 
instructive  notes  by  which  the  pen  of  the  naturalist  has 
illustrated  them,  and  by  them  many  striking  passages  of 
the  Old  Testament — we  can  have'little  doubt  that  the 
work  will  attain  a  popularity  far  beyond  the  present 
season.  It  assuredly  deserves  to  do  so. 

The  unsettled  state  of  the  copyright  question,  as  be- 
tween this  country  and  the  United  States,  has  led  to  the 
publication  of  a  long  letter  in  a  New  York  paper,  which 
contains  some  strong  observations  on  the  transactions  of 
certain  English  publishers.  Among  others,  Mr.  Bentley 
comes  in  for  a  share  of  the  abuse.  The  Athenteum,  after 
remarking  that  there  is  an  unfairness  in  the  letter,  which 
all  honourable  minds  will  at  once  rebuke,  puts  the  fol- 
lowing matter-of-fact  query :  —  "  Has  Mr.  Bentley's  house 
paid  —  or  has  it  not  paid — the  alleged  amounts  to  Ame- 
rican authors?  That  is  the  question.  We  have  Mr. 
Bentley's  authority  for  stating  that  the  following  sums 
have  been  paid  by  his  firm  for  American  copyrights  to 
three  American  writers :  that  is,  to  Mr.  Washington 
Irving,  2450Z. ;  to  Mr.  Prescott,  2495/. ;  and  to  Mr.  Feni- 
more  Cooper,  12,590/. ;  in  all,  17,535Z.  Can  any  of  these 
facts  be  denied?  If  not,  where  is  the  justice  of  classing 
Mr.  Bentley  with  the  literary  pirates?" 

We  have  this  week  two  works  to  bring  under  the  notice 
of  our  philological  readers.  The  first,  by  Dr.  Kichardson 
—  so  well  known  for  his  admirable  dictionary, — may  be 
considered  as  the  exposition,  by  an  earnest  and  able 
student,  of  the  great  principles  of  his  master.  It  is  en- 
titled On  ilie  Study  of  Language,  an  Exposition  of  the 
EIIEA  IITEPOENTA,  or  the  Diversions  of  Purley,  by  John 
Horne  Tooke,  and  although  but  a  small  book,  is  filled 
with  much  ingenious  argument  and  learned  speculation. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  Mer-cur-ius,  or  The-  Word- 
Maker.  An  Analysis  of  the  Structure  and  Rationality  of 
Speech,  including  the  Deciphering  of  Divers  Truths  that  are 
figured  through  the  Veil  of  Language ;  by  the  Rev.  Henry 
Le  Mesurier,  M.  A.,  in  which  the  logical  and  the  philo- 
logical are  combined  in  a  most  amusing  and  most  in- 
structive essay. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Murray's  Official  Handbook  of 
Church  and  State.  This  is  a  "  new  and  thoroughly  revised 
edition  "  of  a  work,  which  is  a  most  useful  companion  to 
all  Court  Calendars,  Red  Books,  &c.  To  official  men  it  is 
indispensable  —  to  all  who  have  official  business  a  most 
invaluable  guide  to  the  department  to  which  that  busi- 
ness belongs.  —  Cowper's  Works,  with  Life  by  Souti.ey,  8fc. 
Vols.  VII.  and  VIII.  With  these  two  volumes,  which 
contain  Cowper's  translations  (as  originally  written  by 
him)  of  The  Iliad  and  The  Odyssey,  Mr.  Bohn  has  brought 
his  cheap  yet  excellent  edition  of  Southey's  Cowper  to  a 
close.  —  The  Novels  and  Miscellaneous  Works  of  Daniel 
De  Foe.  This  new  volume  of  Bohn's  British  Classics 
contains  De  Foe's  " Moll  Flanders"  and  " History  of  the 
Devil." 


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BISHOP  ANDREWES  s  SERMONS.    Vol.  I.    8vo.    Oxford,  1841 

DITTO  DITTO.      V..1.  V.    Oxford,  1843. 

BISHOP  BEVERIDOB'S  SERMONS.     Vol.  VI.    8vo.    Oxford,  1845. 
br.  CHHYSOSTOM  s  HOMILIES  ON  THE  STATCES.   Translated.  8vo.    Oxford, 
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PEMAINS    OF   PAGAN 

1\  SAXONDOM,  principally  from  Tumuli 
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illustrated  by  JOHN  YONGE  AKERMAN, 
Fellow  and  Secretary  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries of  London. 

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ing objects,  which  are  generally  represented 
of  the  actual  size  : 

1.  Gold  Ornaments  set  with  Garnets,  found 
in    a   Tumulus    on   Roundway  Down,   near 
Devizes,  Wilts. 

2.  Gold  Buckle,  set  with  a  Slab  of  Garnet, 
found  at  Ixworth,  Suffolk. 

3.  Singular  Glass  Vase,  found  at  Reculver, 
Kent. 

4.  Sepulchral  Urn,  in  the  Towneley  Collec- 
tion of  the  British  Museum. 

5.  Beautiful  Circular  Fibula,  from  a  Grave 
near  Abingdon,  Berkshire,  now  in  the  Collec- 
tion or  the  British  Museum. 

6.  Beads  and  Gold  Bulla,  from  a  Tumulus 
on  Breach  Down,  Kent. 

7.  Remarkable  Glass  Vases  found  at  Cud- 
desden,  Oxfordshire. 

8.  Bronze  Fibula  found  at  Fairford. 

9.  Fibula;,  &c.,  found  at  Driffield,  Yorkshire. 

10.  Umbo  of  Shield  and  Weapons,  found  at 
Driffield. 

1 1 .  Bronze  Patera  from  a  Cemetery  at  Wing- 
ham,  Kent. 

12.  Fibula  and  Bullas  from  Cemeteries  in 
Kent. 

13.  Fibula,  Beads,  &c.,  found  near  Stamford. 

14.  Fibula  found  near  Billesdon,  Leicester- 
shire. 

15.  Fragments  from  a  Tumulus  at  Caenby, 
Lincolnshire. 

16.  Portion  of  a  Fibula  from  a  Tumulus  at 
Ingarsby,  Leicestershire. 

17.  Glass  Vessels  from  Cemeteries  in  Kent. 

18.  Fibulas  found  in  Warwickshire. 

19.  Fibulas  from   a  Cemetery  at  Fairford, 
Gloucei-tershire. 

20.  Fibulas    found    in    Warwickshire    and 
Leicestershire. 

21.  Beads  found  in  Lincolnshire,  Gloucester- 
shire, and  Warwickshire. 

22.  Urn  and  its   Contents,  found  at  Eye, 
Suffolk. 

23.  War-axes  from  Graves  in  Norfolk  and 
Suffolk. 

24.  Sword-hilts    from  Cemeteries    in  East 
Kent. 

25.  Glass  Drinking-vessels  from  Graves  in 
East  Kent. 

26.  Drinking-cup  from  a  Grave  at  Coombe, 
near  Sandwich. 

J.  R.  SMITH,  36.  Soho  Square,  London. 

***  The  Editor  requests  the  favour  of  Com- 
munications of  unpublished  Examples.  The 
Work  will  be  completed  in  about  20  Parts. 


ON 

y  <? 


12mo.,  price  4s.  6d. 

THE    STUDY   OF   LAN- 

,  GUAGE  :  an  Exposition  of  "  Tooke's 
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RICHARDSON,  LL.  D.,  Author  of  a  New 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Language. 

"  What  an  epoch  in  many  a  student's  intel- 
lectual life  has  been  his  first  acquaintance 
with  the  '  Diversions  of  Purley.'  "—Trench  on 
the  Study  of  Words. 

"  The  judicious  endeavour  of  a  veteran  phi- 
lologist to  extend  the  philosophical  study  of 
language  by  popularising  Home  Tooke's 
'  Diversions  of  Purley,'  Dr.  Richardson  has 
done  good  service  to  the  study  of  language  in 
this  very  judicious  and  compact  recast,  for  the 
book  is  much  more  than  an  abridgment."  — 
Spectator. 

GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  270. 


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—  Cambridge  Chronicle. 

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'  Reminiscences,'  but  let  not  the  reader  suppose 
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them  The  volumes  contain  interesting  notices 
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nected with  the  peri,  d  they  describe,  and  with  , 
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Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARB  SHAW ,  of  No.  10.  Stoneneld  Street, in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No..5.  New  Street  Square,  in 
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,  rish .of 

tne     res.,  m  tne 


INDEX 


TO 


THE    TENTH    VOLUME. 


[For  classified  articles,  see  ANONYMOUS  WORKS,  NOTICES  OP  NEW  BOOKS,  EPIGRAMS,  EPITAPHS,  FOLK  LORE,  INSCRIPTIONS,  PHOTO. 

GKAPI1Y,  POPIANA,  PROVERBS,  QUOTATIONS,  SflAKSPEARE,  and    SONGS  AND  BALLADS.] 


A. 


A.  on  churches  erected  in  each  county,  126. 

epigram  on  two  contractors,  61. 

«.  on  Edward  I.  at  Padua,  29. 

A.  a.  on  motto  of  tlie  Vachclls,  305. 

A.  (A.)  on  the  Pope  sitting  on  the  altar, 
534. 

"  A  per  se  A,"  ohsolete  phrase,  122.  474. 

Abbott  (Archbishop),  his  descendants,  346. 

Abbott  (George)  the  Puritan,  384. 

Abbott  (J.  T.)  on  Geo.  Abbott  the  Puritan, 
384. 

Abdonensis  on  Erasmus's  Colloquies,  424. 

Abductions  in  Ireland,  141. 

Abelard  (P.),  his  condemnation,  485. 

Aberbrothock  abbey,  11. 

Aberdeen  Breviary,  489. 

Abgarus's  letter  to  our  Lord,  206. 

Abhba  on  Baratariana  and  Franceriana, 
185. 

bibliographical  queries,  308. 

Bibliotheca  Hibernicana,  144. 

Campbell  (J.  H.),  163. 

"church  and  queen,"  toast,  146. 

Clarendon's  History  of  the  Irish  Re- 
bellion, 224. 

Clarke's  manuscripts,  423. 

Comiellan  (Thaddeus),  364. 

Cooper's  portrait  of  William  III.,  147. 

Curran  a  preacher,  388. 

Dalton's  Memoirs  of  Abps.  of  Dublin, 

402. 

Earl  of  Egmont,  334. 

Graves  (Dr.  Richard),  203. 

Hutchinson's  Commercial  Restraints 

of  Ireland,  244. 

Irish  Archaeological  Society,  465. 

Irish  family  names.  3*5. 

— —  Irish  newspnpers,  182. 

James  II.  and  Dublin  University,  421. 

longevity,  400. 

maxim  on  old  and  new  books,  345. 

Nicolspn  (Bp.  Wm.),  ,332. 

"  Officia  Propria  Sanctorum  Hiber- 

niac,"  487. 

Perrott  (Sir  John),  his  History,  308. 

"  Perverse  Widow,"  161. 

precedency  of  the  peers  of  Ireland, 

129. 

Story's  History  of  the  Wars  in  Ireland, 

182. 

A.  (B.  L.)  on  biographies  of  living  authors, 
313. 

Abredononsis  on  schoolboy  formula,  370. 

Abud  (Henry)  on  cure  for  the  toothache, 
505. 

Academical  degrees,  1GO. 

Aches,  its  pronunciation,  54.  I'll. 

Acton  family  of  Shropshire,  265.  371. 


Acworth  (G.  B.)  on  dedications  to  St.  Bar- 
nabas, 289. 

Address  :  —  etiquette,  207. 
Adninan  (Adrian)  on  books  on  seals,  485. 
A.  (E.  H.)  on  bell  literature,  55. 

books  burnt  by  the  hangman,  215. 

burials  in  unconsecrated  places,  233. 

— —  door-head  inscriptions,  253. 
female  parish  clerks,  216. 

—  grammars  for  public  schools,  254. 
Lewis  (Rev.  Lewis),  88. 

i         Norfolk  superstition,  253. 

Trelawney  (Bishop),  202. 

Walton  (Brian),  his  birthplace,  223. 

jEther  on  inventor  of  kaleidoscope,  164. 
Ae'tius,  letter  of  the  Britons  to,  128. 
Affiers  at  courts  leet,  307.  433.  514. 
A.  (F.  L.)  on  Whitmore  motto,  348. 
A.  (F.  S.)  on  brass  in  St.  Helen's,  508. 

"love,"  an  article  of  dress,  206. 

Agmond  on  EmsdorfTs  fame,  S92. 
A.  (I.  H.)  on  archaic  words,  514. 
i  dog-whippers,  188. 

double  Christian  names,  276. 

Fauntleroy,  114. 

—  mother  of  forty  children,  94. 
Old  Dominion,  114. 

"  thee  "  and  "  thou,"  295. 

A.  (J.  H.)  on  Society  of  Eccentrics,  89. 
A.  (J.  P.)  on  branks,  293. 

registration  act,  144. 

A.  (J.  S.)  on  playing  cards,  463. 

Sevastopol,  492. 

A.  (L.)  on  the  origin  of  chevalier,  243. 
— —  flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  374. 
Albert  sur  les  Operations  de  1'Ame,  102.  430. 
Alchymical  riddle  of  sixteenth  century,  323. 
Alefounders,  307.  433.  514. 
Alford  (B.  H.)  on  Geoffery  Alford,  289. 

Spenser's  Fairy  Queen,  370. 

Alford  (Geoffery),  his  pedigree,  289.  375. 
Alford  (Henry)  on  the  battle  of  Sedgmoor. 

320. 

Alford's  IJ{»j/ul«,v«<r/«.*T«,  poem  from,  207. 
Alfred  (king),  pedigree  to  his  time,  195.392. 
Algor  (John)  on  marriage  custom,  295. 
'PiXiib;  on  Peter  Burnam,  434. 

Dublin  letter,  484. 

giggs  and  scourge-sticks,  255. 

Louis  de  Beaufort,  331. 

Palcario's  Treatise,  44S. 

Parsons's  works,  131. 

Re'ul  (Dr.)  and  Lord  Brougham,  152. 

"  Speculum  Carmelitanum,"  331. 

2^/Jvi,  its  meaning,  .'516. 

Alison  (Richard),  lyric  by,  353. 
Allen  (J.  T.)  on  "  The  Birch,"  432. 
Allen  (Sir  Thomas),  his  portrait,  S2!>. 
Aliingham   (J. ),  jun.,  on  signs  of  storm, 

383. 


Alma  and  Balbec,  421.  490.  " 

Almanacs,  books  of,  94. 

—  collection  of  Edinburgh,  522. 

AAp.  on  English  bishops'  mitres,  227. 

Alpha  on  cheap  postage,  442. 

Alphabets,  ancient,  184.  291. 

Alphonsus  XI.,  his  Chronicle,  3-48. 

A.  (M.)  on  anonymous  works,  306. 

Luke  ii.  14.  (Vulgate),  185. 

A.  (M.),  Oxon.  on  Dr.  Llewellyn,  185. 

"  one  evening  good  humour,"  &C..225. 

Amelia,  daughter  of  George  H.,  29.  50. 

America,  the  oldest  church  in,  443. 

American  cant  names,  522. 

newspapers,  482. 

surnames,  59. 

A.  (M.  H.)  on  Tindal  MSS.,  162. 

Amherst  (Nicholas),  his  "Terra?  Filius," 
10. 

Amney  Holyrood,  Gloucestershire,25. 

Amory  (Thomas),  author  of  John  Bunclc, 
30.  388. 

Anastatic  printing,  288.  364.  ; 

Jordan's  work  on,  423. 

Anat.  on  prophecies  respecting  Constanti- 
nople, 374. 

Sultan  of  the  Crimea,  533. 

Andre  (Major),  his  original  letters,  and 
anecdotes  concerning  him,  77. 

notices  of,  276.  453. 

Andrcef  (D.)  on  Pope's  skull,  478. 

Andrewes  (Bishop),  his  epitaph,  68. 

Angler  family,  126. 

Anglesey  (Arthur,  Earl  of),  his  sale  cata- 
logue, 286.  375. 

Anglesey  (Marquis  of),  lines  on,  162. 

Anglo-Saxon  typography,  183.248.  291. 466. 

Animals,  pillars  resting  on,  7. 

A.  (N.  J.)  on  John  Henderson,  26. 

Anne  (Queen),  her  bounty  to  orphans,  224. 

her  farthing,  384.  4 .':>. 

Annet  (Peter),  noticed,  4(15. 

Anon,  on  Major  Andre,  276. 

Antiquities  of  Killmackumpshaugh, 

365. 

Aristotle,  2fi7. 

Arthur's  grave,  388. 

barristers'  gowns,  38. 

— —  bean  fo.ists,  163. 

bell  inscriptions,  2.;./. 

bishops  vacating  their  sees,  54. 

brothers  of  the  same  Christian  nime, 

31. 

children  '62)  hy  the  same  parents,  .022. 

Cennick's  Hymns,  MS. 

— —  cocked  pistols  before  royalty,  404. 

— —  crescent  symbol,  114. 

Elizabeth '(Queen)  and  Sir  Philip  Sid- 
ney. '241. 

— .  escutcheons,  265. 


538 


INDEX. 


Anon,  on  French  churches,  481. 

, Grat'ton's  Chronicle,  509. 

latten-jawed,  273. 

Lives  of  Alchyraistical  Philosophers, 

447. 
"  Lord,  dismiss  us  with  thy  blessing," 

288. 

—  ministerial  changes  in  1801  and  1804, 

262. 

matrimonial  advertisement,  203. 

Norfolk  superstition,  253. 

prophecies  respecting  Constantinople, 

192. 
reprint  suggested,  514. 

—  Roman  roads  in  Britain,  175. 
St.  Barnabas,  412. 

— .  salmon  bred  from  spawn,  145. 

— —  Sampson  (Thomas)  the  Puritan,  162. 

scarlet  as  used  in  the  army,  315. 

schoolboy  formula,  370. 

—  Shakspeare  Club  works,  32.7. 
Stackhouse  (Key.  Thomas),  484. 

—  "  The  devil  sits  in  his  easy  chair,"  8. 

—  Topham  the  antiquary,  366. 
Voltaire  and  Henri  Carion,  335. 

ANONYMOUS  WORKS  :  — 

Alchymistical  Philosophers,  Lives  of, 
447. 

Ants,  a  Rhapsody,  8. 

Biographical  Dictionary  of  Living 
Authors,  220.  313.  331. 

Baratariana,  185.  353. 

Caleb  Stukeley,  306.  336. 

Clubs  of  London,  367. 

Corn  Trade:  Seasonable  Consider- 
ations upon,  265. 

Die  Heiligen  nach  den  VolksbegrifFen, 
326. 

Economy  of  Human  Life,  8.  74.  318. 

Elim  and  Maria,  263.  414. 

Fasciculus  Florum,  523. 

Friends,  or,  Original  Letters  of  a 
Person  deceased,  289. 

Gilpini  iter  latinS  redditum,  364. 

Human  Prudence,  67. 

Ireland,  Essays  on  its  Political  Cir- 
cumstances, 308. 

Jerpoint  Abbey,  lines  written  at,  308. 
355.  433.  532. 

John  Buncle,  Esq.,  30. 

Killmackumpshaugh,  Antiquities  of, 
565. 

L'Amerique  Delivree,  184. 

Letter  to  a  Member  of  Parliament,  by 
W.  W.,  55. 

Manual  of  Devout  Prayers,  146.  253. 

Modern  Athens,  525. 

My  Pocket-book,  308. 

Nights  at  Mess,  306. 

Obsolete  Statutes  :  a  Letter  to  a  Mem- 
ber of  Parliament,  36. 

Old  Week's  Preparation,  4fi.  234. 

Pasquin,  a  New  Allegorical  Romance, 
4ri. 

Paul  Jones,  or  the  Fife  Coast  Garland, 
65. 

Perrott  (Sir  John),  his  History,  308. 
474. 

Peter  Wilkins,  17.  112.  212. 

Platonism  Exposed,  103. 

Plurality  of  Worlds,  465. 

Polyanthea,  326 

Prauceriana,  18").  315.  353. 

Precedency  of  the  Peers  of  Ireland, 
129. 

Repertory  of  Records,  366. 

Rime  of  the  new-made  Baccalere, 
3(54. 

Royal  Recollections,  465. 

Savage,  by  Piomingo,  364. 

Sketches  of  Irish  Political  Characters, 
308. 

Solyman,  163 

Tales  of  the  Fairies,  128. 

Terra;  Filius,  10. 

Trafalgar,  or  the  Sailor's  Play,  145. 

Vestiges  of  Creation,  466. 

Village  Lawyer,  194. 


ANONYMOUS  WORKS  :  — 

Violet,  or  the  Danseuse,  306. 
Virtue  and  Vice,  a  Treatise  in  Prose 
and  Verse,  29. 

Antiquarius  on  Turkish  victories,  364. 
Anxious  Inquirer  on  Lob's  pound,  327. 
A.  (P.)  on  "  Platonism  Exposed,"  103. 
Apparent  magnitude,  243.  395. 
Apparition  which    preceded  the  Fire  of 

London,  113. 
A.  (R.)  on  Alma  and  Balbec,  421. 

army  precedence,  433. 

cannon  used  at  Crecy,  534. 

Aram  (Eugene),   MS.  found  in  his  cell, 

361. 

Archaic  words,  24.  455.  514. 
Architecture  of  Scotland,  11. 
Aristotle  on  the  nerves,  508. 

two  passages  wanted,  267.  454. 

Armiger  on  broad  arrow,  154. 

—  yeoman,  its  meaning,  468. 

'A(%a.ii>tpiXos  on  genealogical  queries,  144. 

Armorial  queries,  32. 

Armorial :  gules,  a  lion  rampant  or,  184. 

415. 
Arms,  early  grants  of,  326. 

granted  temp.  Hen.  VIII.,  208. 

Army  lists,  73. 

nurses,  461. 

precedence,  305.  433.  511. 

— —  queries  respecting,  127.  315. 
Arnold  (General),  his  treason,  80. 
Arterus    on   Antiquities    of   the  Eastern 

Churches,  60. 

Arthur  (King),  second  exhumation  of  his 
remains,  156. 

grave  at  Warbstow  Barrow,  388. 

Asca,  or  Aska,  its  derivation.  16. 
Ascham  (Roger),  his  Letters,  75. 
Astronomical  query,  243.  395. 
Atkinson  (Christopher),  noticed,  509. 
A.  (T.  L.)  on  portrait  of  the  Green  Lady, 

325. 
Atterbury  (Bishop),  anecdote  related  by 

him,  a  72. 

Auceps  on  landing  of  William  II  I.,  531. 
Augier  (Jehan),  watchmaker,  365. 
Authors,  confusion  of,  394. 
Avington  Church,  its  dedication,  307. 
Awk,  a  provincialism,  53.  433. 


15. 


B.  on  baptismal  query,  484. 

"  Cultiver  mon  jardin,"  294. 

— —  meaning  of  "  doted,"  68. 

Gresebroke  in  Yorkshire,  433. 

—  Latin  translation  of  Miss  Bayley's 
Ghost,  44ti. 

Paterson,  founder  of  the  Bank,  102. 

Quintus  Calaber,  345. 

B.  ( A  )  on  Sir  Jerome  Bowes,  348. 

English  envoy  to  Russia,  127. 

Molines  of  Stoke- Poges,  532. 

Tutchin  family,  420. 

Babington  (Churchill)  on  Paleario's  Trea- 
tise, 384. 

Bacon  (Lord)  and  Shakspeare,  106. 

B.  (A.  F.)  on  alefounders,  433 

haberdasher,  415. 

Bagnall  (J.  N.)  on  tobacco-smoking,  429. 

Bagster's  Greek  motto,  405. 

Bakers'  talleys,  55. 

Balbec,  its  etymology,  421. 

Balbus  on  Raymond  de  Sabunde,  207. 

Balch  (T.)  on  longevity,  149. 

Ballard's  Century  of  Celebrated  Women, 
508. 

Balliolensis  on  paint  a  protection  of  tim- 
ber, 65. 

Ballot,  earliest  mention  of,  297. 

Baltic  tides,  288  389. 

Bancroft  (Bishop),  extract  from  his  will, 
42. 

Baptismal  query,  484. 

superstition  in  Surrey,  321. 

Barber  (H.)  on  leases,  294. 


Barlow  (T.  W.)  on  Dr.  Broome,  the  poet, 
222.  243. 

Barnabas  (St.),  churches  dedicated  to  him, 
289.  412  435. 

Baronet,  a  troublesome  one,  164.  294. 

Barrell's  regiment,  16. 

Barrett  (Francis),  his  Lives  of  Alchymisti- 
cal Philosophers,  447. 

Barrington's  "  Historic  Anecdotes,"  446. 

Barristers'  gowns,  38.  213. 

Barry  (C.  Clifton)  on  burning  a  tooth,  233. 

Baschet  (H.  D.)  on  "To  jump  for  joy," 
112. 

Bates  ( Wrn.)  on  Brydone  the  tourist,  270. 

celebrated  wagers,  247. 

— —  clay  tobacco-pipes,  48. 

Collier's  creed,  334. 

distances  at  which  sounds  have  been 

heard,  232. 

divining  rod,  449.  467. 

hydropathy,  275. 

Italian-English,  188. 

Latin  treatise  on  whipping,  114. 

Lightfoot  (Hannah),  228.  328. 

"Peter  Wilkins,"  17. 

Povey  (Charles),  155. 

Upcott's  Biographical  Dictionary,  314. 

Battledoor,  its  meaning,  385. 

Bayley  (Miss),  translation  of  her  "  Ghost," 
44fj. 

Bayley  (Wm.  D'Oyly)  on  St.  John  pedi- 
gree, 404. 

B.  (B.)  on  second  bearing  of  fruit,  461. 

B.  (C.  W.)  on  demoralised,  486. 

jaundice  recipe,  321. 

William  of  VVykeham's  statutes,  389. 

Bean  feasts,  163. 

Bear  and  ragged  staff  badge,  its  origin,  68. 

Beaufort  (Louis  de),  his  Dissertation,  101. 
331.  392. 

Beaumont  (W.)  on  first  English  envoy  to 
Russia,  209. 

Becket  (Mary),  abbess  of  Barking,  486. 

Becket  (Thomas  it),  his  family,  486. 

Beckford  (Wm.),  his  literary  remains,  344. 

Beckington  (Bishop),  his  will,  245. 

B.  (E.)  on  Cortes  reading  to  Pizarro,  289. 

Bede  (Cuthbert)  on  ancient  church  usages, 
72. 

Boscobel  box,  382. 

May-day  custom,  91. 

motto  "  Ipsa  Jovi  nemus,"  383. 

Nelson  and  the  apple-woman,  422. 

Old  Rowley,  274. 

register  of  Denton  Church,  105. 

school-boy  formula,  210. 

—  Voltaire  saying,  88. 

Wolfe's  gloves,  326. 

Worcester  battle,  259. 

Bede  (Venerable),  his  dying  words,  139. 

229.  329.  494. 

Beech-trees  struck  by  lightning,  513. 
Bees,  adjuration  to,  321. 
legends  and  superstitions  respecting, 

498. 

Bee  (Tee)  on  national  benefactors,  342. 
Belgravensis  (Zingaro)  on  pedigree  to  the 

time  of  Alfred,  195. 
B.  (E.  L. )  on  Raphael's  cartoons,  45. 
Bell,  an  ancient  one,  123. 
why  tolled  on  leaving    church,  332. 

434. 

Bell-childe,  its  meaning,  508. 
Bell  (J.)  on  forensic  jocularities,  253. 
Bell  literature,  55.  273. 
Bell-ringing,  222. 
Bells,  submerged,  204. 
Bell's  Annotated  English  Poets,  459. 
Bellott  (T.)  on  "  Aska"  or  "  Asca,"  lf>. 

Chinese  language,  167. 

"  Belted  Will  "—Lord  Howard,  341. 
Berington's  Memoirs  of  Gregorio  Panzani, 

186. 

Bermondsey  Abbey,  its  remains,  166  273. 
Bernhardt  (F.  de)  on  the  Zouaves,  471. 
B.  (E.  S.)    on    distich    on    St.  Matthew's 

Day,  321. 
B.  (F.C.)  on  battledoor,  385. 

—  Dying  Hebrew's  Prayer,  464. 


INDEX. 


539 


B.  (F.  C.)  on  epitaph  in  Lavenham  Church, 

50. 
Highlands  of  Scotland  and  the  Grecian 

Archipelago,  312. 
rose-trees  burnt,  507. 

—  storbating,  or  storbanting,  385. 

B.  (G.)  on  George  IV Who  struck  him  51 

413. 

Remigius  Van  Lemput,  128. 

B.  (G.  M.)  on  Bede's  dying  words,  229. 

Herbert's  Ames,  367. 

— —  per  centum  sign,  39. 

Smith  festival,  463. 

B.  (H.)  on  Alford's  poem,  207. 

Car.  Antonius  de  Puteo,  307. 

Junius  and  Dr.  Wilmot,  3-49. 

B.  (H.  F.)  on  Cornish  provincialisms,  414. 

haberdasher,  415. 

Bible,  King  James's  version,  97. 
Bible  literature,  curiosities  of,  306.  434. 
Bibles,  reprints  of  early,  11. 
Bibliothera  Hibernicana,  144. 
Bibliothecar.  Chetham.  on  classic  authors 

and  the  Jews,  12. 

—  paring  nails  and  the  crescent,  190. 

—  ninbows,  228. 

•— —  stars  and  flowers,  253. 
Bill  (Dr.),  his  descendants,  530. 
Bingham  (C.  W.)  on  Franklin's  parable, 
169. 

Balearic's  treatise,  406. 

Sprat  (Bishop),  his  birthplace,  84. 

Biographies  of  Living  Authors,  220.  313. 

331.  451. 

"  Birch,"  a  poem,  73.  116.  432. 
Bishop,  doubtful  consecration  of  one,  306. 

393. 

Bishops,  anointing  of,  102.  227. 
mitres,  87.  227. 

—  vacating  their  sees,  54. 
Bittern,  the  great  American,  125. 
B.  (J.)  on  Angier  family,  126. 

B.  (J.  H.)  on  bloody  Thursday,  87. 
B.  (J.  M.)  on  age  of  oaks,  147. 
Dovering,  203. 

Morgan  O'Doherty,  233. 

— —  Spenser  queries,  204. 

B.  (J.  O.)  on  colloquial  changes  of  words, 

240. 

Blackguard  boys,  204. 
Black  rat,  37.  135.  335. 
Bladon  (James)  on  iris  and  lily,  253. 
Blencowe  (G.)  on  Edward  Lambe's  monu. 
ment,  267. 

Hopkins  the  witchfinder,  285. 

parish  registers,  337. 

Prior's  epitaph  on  himself,  216. 

the  proverb  "  He  has   hung  up  his 

hat,"  203. 

Blind,  typography  for  their  use,  464. 
Bloody  Thursday,  why  so  called,  87. 
Blount  (Lady)  of  Twickenham,  184. 
Blow-wells  near  Tetney,  208. 
B.    (M.  L.)   on  descendants   of  Dr.  Bill, 

530. 

B.  (N.)  on  Pope's  quarrels,  277. 
B.  (O.)  on  forensic  jocularities,  18. 
Bogie  (Old),  not  a  fictitious  character,  160. 
B.  (O.  L.)  on  Lady  Blount,  184. 
Bolingbroke's  Advice  to  Swift,  346. 
Bone  (J.  H.  A.)  on  a  ballad  "  A  fox  went 
out,"  &c.,  264. 

Mayor  of  My  lor,  263. 

Boodle,  of  the  club  in  St.  James's  Street, 

6fi. 

Books  burnt  by  the  common  hangman,  12. 
215.  360,261.333.  525. 

chained  in  churches,  174.  393. 

maxim  on  old  and  new,  345. 

BOOKS,  NOTICES  op  NEW  :  — 

Akerman's  Remains  of  Pagan  S.ixon- 

dom,  76.  436. 
Anabasis  of  Cyrus,  by  J.  S.  Watson, 

256. 

Arundel  Society  publications,  455. 
Barnard's  School  Architecture.  336. 
Bell's  Annotated  Edition  of  the  Poets, 

40.  256.  316. 


BOOKS,  NOTICES  OF  NEW  :  — 

Booker's  History  of  Blackley  Chapel, 
456. 

Broome  (Dr.  Wm.),  Memoir  of,  19. 

Burke's  Works,  436. 

Census  of  Great  Britain,  256. 

Church  Historians  of  England,  195. 

Church  Hymnal,  495. 

Clinton's  Literary  Remains,  416. 

Cowper's  Works,  336. 536. 

Cutts's  Essay  on    Church  Furniture, 
256. 

Daniel's  Works,  336. 

D'Arblay's  Diary  and  Letters,  40. 

Davies'  Archiepiscopal  Mints  at  York, 
516. 

De   Foe's    Miscellaneous   Works,  19. 
196.  536. 

Delius'  Edward  the  Third,  336. 

Devey's  Logic,  40. 

Doran's  Table  Traits,  435. 

Doran's  Habits  and  Men,  436. 

Doyle's  Tours  in  Ulster,  176. 

Ferguson's  Calendar  of  the  Irish  Red 
Book,  19. 

Finlay  s  History  of  the  Byzantine  and 
Greek  Empires,  40. 

Florence    of    Worcester's    Chronicle, 
495 

French's  Notes  on  the  Nimbus,  256. 

Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  (Bonn's), 
76.  336. 

Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  (Murray's), 
19.  136.  256. 

Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  495. 

Green  (Mr.  Verdant),  his  Adventures, 
336. 

Hayward's   Chesterfield    and  Sehvyn, 
396. 

Hora?  Belgicas,  296. 

Hungary  and  its  Revolutions,  76. 

Hunt's  Researches  on  Light,  176. 

Hunter's     Critical      and      Historical 
Tracts,  76. 

Illustrations  of  Scripture,  by  An  Ani- 
mal Painter,  536. 

Jameson's  Common-Place  Book,  416. 

Johnson's  Poets,  edited   by  Cunning- 
ham, 316.  396. 

Laing's  Notes  of  a  Traveller,  136. 

Lamb's    Specimens  of   English   Dra- 
matic Poets,  256. 

Le   Mesurier's    Mer-cur-ius,    or    the 
Word- Maker,  536. 

Locke's  Works,  436. 

M'Culloch's  Russia  and  Turkey,  76. 

Magic,  History  of,  136. 

Mahon's  History  of  England,  vol.  vii., 
516. 

Matthew  Paris's  Chronicle.  76. 

Miles'  Nordufari,  or  Rambles  in  Ice- 
land, 336. 

Morgan's  History  of  Caklicot  Castle, 
76, 

Mormonism      (Traveller's      Library), 
196. 

Murray's  Hand-Book  of  Church   and 
State,  536. 

Neale's  Islamism,   its   Rise  and  Pro- 
gress, 40. 
Nicolini's  History  of  the  Jesuits,  176. 

Pereira's  Lectures  on  Polarised  Light, 
316. 

Philo-Judasus'     Works,     by     C.    D. 

Yonge,  256.  516. 
Polo  (Marco),  his  Travels,  S!)fi. 

Prior's  Life  of  Edmund  Burke  (Bohn), 

296. 
Richardson  on  the  Study  of  Language, 

536 

Riddle's  History  of  the  Papacy,  :"<>.". 
Sedgfield's  Photographic  Delineations, 

516. 

Schamyl,  the  Sultan,  40. 
Shakspenrc's  \\  inter  Tale  in  German, 

336. 
Shakspearc's  Versification  Explained, 

136. 
Songs  of  the  Dramatists,  176. 


BOOKS,  NOTICES  OF  NEW  :  — 

1  Strabo,  translated  by  H.  C.  Hamilton. 

176. 
Strickland's  Queens  of  England,  40. 

136. 
Smith's     Dictionary    of    Greek    and 

Roman  Antiquities,  296  495. 
Smith's  Rejected  Addresses,  516. 
Smith    (Sydney),    Selections  from   his 

Works,  495. 
Spellen's  Inner  Life  of  the  House  of 

Commons,  396. 

Taylor's  Notes  from  Life,  516. 
Timbs'  Curiosities  of  London,  356. 
Tymms's  Handbook  of  Bury  St.  Ed- 
munds, 76. 

Waller's  Poetical  Works,  396. 
Worsaae's  Atbildninger  fra  det  Kon- 

gelige  Museum  for  Nordiscke  Old- 

sajer  i  Kjobenhavn,  455. 

Booksellers'  stocks  burned,  444. 

Books    with    defectively-expressed    titles, 

363.  472. 

Boscobel  box,  382.  532. 
Bosse<  in  Morwenstow  Church,  123. 
Boston  flower,  182.  291. 
Bosvile  (Ralph)  noticed,  15. 
BosweSI  (James),  his  arithmetic,  363.  471. 

Notes  on  Milton 's  Poems,  28. 

Boswell     (John    Whittley),     his    satirical 

work,  S65. 
Botolph  on  English  words  derived  from  the 

Saxon,  145. 

Bowes  (Sir  Jerome),  127.  209  348.  512. 
Bowles  (W.  Lisle),  his  favourite  song,  244." 
Boxford  Church,  brass  in,  306.  394. 
Boyer   (M.),  his  discovery  of  multiplying 

engravings,  &c.,  195. 
Boyle  lectures,  445.  531. 
B.  (R.)  on   Coleridge's  annotated  books, 
463. 

—  Damian,  165. 

distich  in  Bingham,  288. 

George  IV. 's  sign-manual,  405. 

whig  and  tory,  482. 

women's  rights,  505. 

Branks  and  jugges,  154.  293. 

Brass  in  St.  Helen's,  liishopsgate,  508. 

Brasses,  how  to  restore  monumental,  104. 
273.  535. 

monumental,  list  of,  361.  520. 

Bread  converted  into  stone,  385. 

Breen  (Henry  H.)  on  "aches,"  a  dissyl- 
lable, 252. 

Andre"  (Major),  270. 

Byron  and  Rochefoucauld,  37. 

death  and  sleep,  2.9. 

fillibusterism,  304. 

—  General  Prim,  513. 
— —  holy-loaf  money,  215. 

.         Lambe's  mural  tablet,  528. 

Louis  de  Beaufort,  392. 

Napoleon's  spelling,  3hi. 

notaries,  315. 

"  obtains,"  its  conventional  use,  255. 

Ossian's  Poems,  489. 

—  palindromic  verses,  56. 

prophecy  of  Madame  Merc,  514. 

stars  and  flowers,  494. 

"to  thou,"  or  "  to  thee,"  61. 

Brent  (Fras.)  on  sharp  practice,  S4:>. 

Brettell  and  N  cedes,  their  an,! 

B.  (R..  H  )  on  Maillct's  Telliamcd.  186. 

,         "  Modern  Athens,"  5i.'5 

Briefs  for  Wapping  fire  and  Protestants  of 

Orange  in  1703,  105. 
Bristol  lectureships, 
Bristoliensis      on      "  The     public     never 

blushes,"  1S5. 

Britaine  (William  de),  who  was  he?  67. 
Brittany,  the  fashion  of,  146.  295.  3S4. 
Broad  arrow,  154. 
Brockie(Wm.)  on  descent  of  the  Planta- 

genets,  37. 

Broctuna  on  armorial  queries,  3-. 
Bromium  explained,  187. 
Brooks  (T,  W.  D.)  on  Keach's  Metaphors, 

368. 


540 


INDEX. 


Brooks  (T.  W.  D.)  on  Voltaire,  403. 

Broome  (Dr.)  the  poet,  222.  243. 

Brothers  of  the  same  Christian  name,  31. 
432.  513. 

Brougham  (Lord)  and  Home  Tooke,  74. 
15V. 

Brown  (C.)  on  myrtle  bee,  136. 

Brown  (Lyde),  his  collection  of  marbles, 
364,.  , 

Browne  (Sir  Thomas)  and  Bishop  Ken,  110. 

Bruce  family,  387. 

B.  (R.  \V.)  on  the  moon's  influence,  7. 

Bryant  family,  385.  535. 

Brydone  and  Mount  JEinn,  131.  268.  426. 

B.  (S.)  on  "  Cui  bono,"  19. 

Longfellow's  originality,  309. 

Buckton  (T.  J.)  on  Alma  and  Balbec,  490. 

Baltic  tides,  389. 

cat,  its  dialectical  variations,  507. 

— —  Crimean  climate,  507. 

Crimean  mountains,  4(52. 

curiosities  of  Bible  literature,  435. 

Jerusalem  Targum  on  the  Prophets, 

522. 
— —  quotation  of  Plato  and  Aristotle,  274. 

— •  Russian  language,  191. 

Sculcoates  Gote,  402. 

• Sevastopol,  492. 

. silence  of  the  sun  or  the  light,  122. 

S?;Sii,  473. 

—  Thau,  a  symbol,  375. 

Bunny  (Edmund),  his  Book  of  Christian 
Exercises,  68.  1 10. 

Burdelyers,  182.  292. 

Burgo  (Thomas  de),  Officia  Propria  Sanc- 
torum Hibernian,  487. 

Burial  in  wool,  182. 

Burials  in  unconsecrated  ground,  233.  394. 

Buriensis  on  family  of  Martin  Folkes,  348. 

Burman  (Peter),  his  private  life,  363.  430. 

Burn  (J.  S.)  on  French  refugees,  IS. 

Genoa  registers,  393. 

Burns  (Robert),  lines  by  him,  521. 

Busbequius'  Epistles,  446. 

Butler  (Bishop),  his  ordination,  306.  393. 

Butler  (Charles)   on  Shakspeare  being  a 
Roman  Catholic,  85. 

Butler's  Hudibras,  best  edition,  348. 

B.  (W.)  on  abductions  in  Ireland,  HI. 

longevity,  490. 

— —  nautical  folk  lore,  99. 

B.  (W.),  Dalston,  on  Pope's  skull,  478. 

B.  ( W.  H.)  on  Molines  of  Stoke-Poges,  444. 

B.  (W.  S.)  on  lines  on  Childe  Harold,  434. 

Byrom  (John),  noticed,  41. 

Byron's  Childe  Harold,  correction  in,  314. 
434. 

melodrama  by,  305. 


C.  on  Princess  Amelia's  household,  56. 

Bacon  (Lord)  and  Shakspeare,  106. 

— —  Baratariana  and  Pranceriana,  3j3. 
.        coronation  custom,  116. 

Devil's  dozen,  474. 

Dryden  and  Addison,  423. 

ebullition  of  feeling,  89. 

—  forensic  jocularities,  70. 
— —  Jerpoint  Abbey,  433. 

kutchakutchoo,  74. 

notes  on  manners,  costume,  &c.,  23. 

81.  178. 

nought  and  naught,  4-54. 

Pope's  Dunciad,  65.  129.  US.  238.  277. 

418. 

Smedley  (Deanl,  423. 

Smyth  (James  Moore),  102. 

. — -  Swift  and  the  Taller,  100.     • 

Warburton's  edition  of  Pope,  108. 

C.  de  D.  on  the  Dodo,  528. 

•  "  Forgive,  blust  shade,"  91. 

• .  hare,  curious  fact  respecting,  524. 

.         heraldic  queries,  223. 

— —  Huntingdon  sturgeon,  525. 

St.  Walburge,  186. 

— .  vaccination,  288. 


Cabbages  first  brought  to  England,  342. 

Campbell  (J.  H.),  an  Irish  artist,  163. 

Campbell  (Thomas),  unpublished  poem  by, 
44.  119. 

Canaletto's  views  round  London,  315. 

Canker,  or  briar  rose,  153. 

Cann  family,  115. 

Cannon-ball  effects,  386. 

Cannon  used  at  Crecy,  306.  412.  534. 

Cantab  on  epitaph  at  Ruthin,  375. 

"  Captivate,"  its  original  meaning,  275. 

Carey  (Patrick),  noticed,  172. 

Carlos,  or  Careless  (Col.),  noticed,  344. 434. 

Carruthers  (R.)  on  Popiana,  238. 

Cartwright  (Bishop),  161 . 

Cash,  its  early  use,  255. 

Casti,  Animali  Parlanti,  translated,  9. 

Castle  resembling  Colzean,  444. 

Cat,  its  dialectical  variations,  507. 

Catherine  (Czarina)  and  Brown's  mar- 
bles, 364. 

Cattle  watering,  180. 

Caynton  House,  near  ShiffhaU,  87. 

C.  (B.  H.)  on  the  Actons  of  Shropshire, 
372. 

— —  Busbequius'  Epistles,  446. 

"  Condendaque  Lexica,"  &c.?  116. 

i  correspondence  between  Pilate  and 
Herod,  29. 

door-head  inscriptions,  515. 

Herodians,  9. 

Hippolytus  to  Severina,  482. 

—  obtains,  115. 

paper  of  tobacco,  23. 

—  Pappus,  a  Lutheran  divine,  367. 

—  Parsons's  works,  130. 
Pope's  Dunciad,  109. 

Powell's  Repertory  of  Records,  366. 

Raleigh  and  his  descendants,  475. 

Roman  inscription  at  Chester,  205. 

saltcellar,  115. 

Spanish  reformation,  446. 

2$iS-/i,  its  meaning,  116. 

topographical  etymologies,  354. 

— —  wagers,  celebrated,  355. 

zim  and  jim,  475. 

C.  (C.  H.)  on  anonymous  ballad,  288. 

C.  (C.  W.)  on  a  quotation,  288. 

Cee  (Tee)  on  Thompson  of  Esholt,  113. 

Cellari  us  (Andreas),  his  Regni  Polonia,  46. 

Cennick's  Hymns,  148.  293. 

Centum  sign,  39. 

Centurion  on  Andrea  Ferrara,  224. 

St.  George's  cross  as  a  standard,  200. 

Cervantes' characters  in  Don  Quixote,  343. 

407. 
Cervus  on  Elstob  family,  295. 

stanzas  in  Childe  Harold,  314. 

Cestriensis  on  Chester  inquisition,  184. 

Crewe's  geographical  drawings,  65. 

Flodden  Field  warriors,  223. 

Justice  George  Wood,  102. 

Ceyrep  on  door-head  inscriptions,  355. 

picture  by  Crevelli  Veneziano,  355. 

C.  (F.)  on  genealogies  in  old  Bibles,  345. 
C.  (F.  J.)  on  "  Credo,  Uomine,"  &c.,  163. 

Spenser's  Fairy  Queen,  143. 

Cg.  on  General  Guyon,  165. 

C.  (G.  A.)  on  De  Beauvoir  pedigree,  51. 

epitaph  "  Quod  fuit  esse,"  &c.,  52. 

Chadwick  (J.  N.)  on  quotation  from  Miss 

Landon,  288. 
Challsteth  (  A.)  on  proverb  in  Erasmus,  527. 

"  Plus  occidit  Gula,"  &c.,  530. 

stars  and  flowers,  530. 

Chancellor's  purse,  its  changes  of  colour, 


Chare  or  car,  43.    1. 
Charing  Cross,  sculptor  at,  187. 
Charitable    institution    in    England, 
oldest,  183. 


arles  I.  at     xor,        . 

his  relics,  245.  41G.  469. 
harles  II.,  ballad  on  his  escape,  340. 
harles  (Prince),  his  house  in  Derby 
193. 


, 

193. 
Chartburn  on  motto  of  the  Thompsons,  395. 


Chateau  (J.  H.)  on  longevity,  149. 
Chaucer  and  Mr.  Emerson,  135. 
Chaucer's  Parish  priest,  387.  535. 
C.  (H.B.)  on  Albert  sur  les  Operations  dc 

1'Ame,  430. 

— —  apparition  which  preceded  the  Fire  of 
London,  113. 

Burnam  (Peter),  his  private  life,  363. 

condemnation  of  P.  Abelard,  485. 

forensic  jocularities,  253. 

haberdasher,  475. 

legend  of  a  monk,  175. 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton,  S3. 

pre-Raff'aelism,  93. 

print  of  Midas,  155. 

Robinson  Crusoe,  its  author,  448. 

C.  (H.  C.)  on  German  maritime  laws,  66. 

Lyte's  process,  51.  111. 

Cherries,  origin  of,  101. 

Chester  inquisition,  184. 

Chester  (Thomas),  Bishop  of  Elphin,  115. 

Chevalier,  its  origin,  243. 

Cheverells  on  Selden's  tombstone,  153. 

— —  "  Time  and  I,"  origin  of  the  adage,  134. 

water  cure  in  the  last  century,  153. 

Chichester,  arms  of  the  diocese,  186. 
Children  nurtured  by  wolves  in  India,  62. 
Chinese  language,  works  on,  29.  167. 

proverbs  in  Crystal  Palace,  46. 175.  294. 

Chiselhurst  Church,  Kent,  custom  at,  243. 

Chits,  a  nickname,  44. 

Chloroform  on  the  kaleidoscope,  272. 

Choke  damp  in  coal-pits,  104. 

Christian  names,  double,  18.  133.  276.  413. 

Christmas  folk  lore,  501. 

X{»K>;  on  Franciscan  dress,  9. 

Church,  ancient  usage  of,  72. 

"  Church  and  Queen  "  toast,  146. 

Church  building  and  restoration,  140. 

Church,  high  and  low,  £60.  278. 

Church  porch,  right  of  refuge  in,  255. 

Church  unity,  anonymous  MS.  on,  65. 

Churches  erected  in  each  county,  126.  193. 

316. 
Churches  in  France,   their  architecture, 

484. 

Churchill  (Charles),  his  grave,  378. 
Churchyard  literature,  402. 
Cid  on  Dakeyne  motto,  327. 

Hedding  family,  185. 

Pocklington  (Dr.  John1,  his  arms,  37. 

salutation  customs,  126. 

Worrall  family,  306. 

Cincinnatus  on  the  last  of  the  PalEeologi, 

352. 

Ciudad  Rodrigo,  siege  of,  126. 
Civilis  on  disinterment,  332. 
Cj.  on  The  Economy  of  Human  Life,  74. 
C.  (J.  J.)  on  black  rat,  135. 
Clairvoyance  tested,  7.  194. 
Clare  customs,  385. 

legends,  159.  251.  590.  505. 

Clarence  dukedom,  73.  255. 

Clarendon's  History  of  the  Irish  Rebellion, 

224. 
Clarke  (Dr.  Adam),  MS.  from  his  library, 

423. 

Classic  anthers  and  the  Jews,  12. 
Clavius  (Christopher),  his  copy  of  Pighius, 

158. 

Claymores,  their  origin.  224.  412.  551. 
Clericus  Car.tuar.  on  Thierry's  theory,  285. 
Clericus  D.  on  lines  on  Sir  T.  More,  393. 

.  Paterson,  founder  of  the  Bank,  273. 

Pope  sitting  on  the  altar,  273. 

Clericus  Rusticus  on  baptismal  supersti- 
tion, 321. 

cockahoop,  its  derivation,  BC>. 

Clever,  its  provincial  use,  522. 
Clock  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  4G. 
Cloncurry  (Lord),  his  Memoir,  221. 
Clover.giass  first  brought  to  England,  342. 
C.  (L.  T.)  on  letters  of  Swift,  459. 
Coats,  their  former  shapes,  81. 
Cobweb,  its  derivation,  398. 
Cockahoop,  its  derivation,  56. 
Cockle  (James)  on  mathematical  bibliogra- 
phy, 3.  48.  191. 
Cofi'ee-gvounds,  divination  by,  420.  531. 


INDEX. 


541 


Coins  discovered  near  Smyrna,  205. 
Coke  (.sir  Edward),  correction  in  his  Ge- 
nealogy, 142, 

Cole  (R.  E.)  on  Eden  family,  17. 
Coleridge  (S.  T.),  his  annotated  works,  463. 
.         anecdote  of,  57.  153. 

—  annotated  copy  of  Jacob  Bohmen,  146. 
Lectures  on  Shakspeare,  1. 21.  57. 100. 

117.  SIS. 

Coles  (W.)  on  the  Zouaves,  471. 
Collar  of  SS.,  357. 
Collier  (J.  Payne)  on  Coleridge's  Lectures 

on  Shakspeare  andlMilton,  1.21.  57.  117. 
Collier's  creed,  143.  334. 
Collis  (Thomas)  on  church  building  and 
restoration,  140. 

—  holy-loaf  money,  133. 
Colloquial  changes  of  words,  240.  355. 
Colours,  their  consecration,  10.  75. 
Coltsfoot,  the  virtue  of,  23. 
Colwell  (Uichard)  of  Faversham,  9. 

"  Commentarii  de  Scriptoribus    Britanni- 

cis,"  its  character,  88. 
Common  Prayer,  pietorial  editions  of,  212. 
Conan  on  Ballard's  Century  of  Celebrated 

Women,  508. 

Confessor  to  the  Royal  household,  9. 
Conjurer,  its  modern  use,  243.  472. 
Connellan(Thaddeus),  his  writings,  364. 
Connis  on  ill  luck  averted,  224. 
Conqueror  ".of  the  gentlemen  of  the  long 

robe,  265! 

Consecration  of  colours,  10.  75. 
Constables'  entries  at  Great  Staughton,  61. 
Constantinople  and  the  Crimea,  303. 

prophecies  respecting,  29. 147.  192.  374. 

Constant  Reader  on  Cellarius,  &c.,  46. 

marriage  custom,  180. 

— -  Myddleton  (Sir  Hugh),  his  brothers, 
126. 

photographic  queries,  172. 

Radcliffe  (Sir  Richard),  164.  331. 

Contractors,  epigram  on,  61.  115. 
Cook  (Captain),  his  descendants,  95. 
Cook  (Vincent),  his  translation  of  a  Greek 

MS.,  127. 
Cooper  (C.  H.)  on  battle-door,  432. 

Cambridge,  a  walled  town,  376. 

English  envoy  to  Russia,  209. 

Sculcoates  Goto,  493. 

Cooper  (R.  Jermyn)  on  the  Homilies,  208. 

Cooper  (Thompson)  on  Col.  Carlos,  434. 

Hampshire  words,  256. 

inn  signs,  33. 

Massinger  (Philip),  206. 

Parsons  (Robert),  69. 

Rous,  provost  of  Eton,  154. 

Cooper  (Wm.  Currant)  on  longevity  in 
Yorkshire,  401. 

noted  Westons,  392. 

Cooper's  painting  of  William  III.,  147.  194. 

Cope  (Caleb)  of  Lancaster,  U.  S.,  77. 

Copyright  question  and  the  United  States, 
536. 

Cork,  or  carke,  a  provincialism,  128. 

Corney  (Bulton)  on  Biographical  Diction- 
ary of  Living  Authors,  331. 

the  Crimea,  284. 

—  Constantinople  and  the  Crimea,  303. 

Johnson  u.  Uoswell,  471. 

Lord  Jocelyn,  182. 

Pope's  Works  annotated,  417. 

Cornish  (James)  on  stone  shot,  223. 

vaudeville,  its  etymology,  222. 

Cornwall  family,  their  monuments,  &<X,  283. 

Coronation  custom,  13.  116. 

Corpses,  conspiracy  to  dig  up,  9. 

Costume  and  manners,  2j.  81.  178. 

Cotton  (Charles)  the  poet,  346. 

Cotton  (Archd.)  on  military  titles,  511. 

•  Count,  its  etymology,  163. 
Cousin-German,  its  meaning,  187- 
Cousins,  fictitious  marriages  between,  102. 
Cousin  (Victor),  his  Lectures  on  Kant,  3GO. 
Coverdale's  Bible,  its  frontispiece,  444. 

C.  (P.)  on  Plant's  camera,  73. 
Cpl.  on  Richard  Culrner,  47. 
- — '.  king  in  the  field  of  battle,  185. 
Latin  poetry,  2-13. 


Cramp  (Wm.)  on  a  troublesome  baronet, 
164. 

"  Economy  of  Human  Life,"  318. 

Jesuitical  books  burnt  at  Paris,  406. 

Cranston  on  Milton's  mother,  265. 
Craven  <J.)  on  "  Clubs  of  London,"  367. 
C.  (R.  C.Um  the  last  Jacobites,  507. 
"  Credo  Domine,"  &c.,  163.  314. 
Crescent,  origin  of  the  symbol,  114.  190. 

426. 

Crevelli  Veneziano,  picture  by,  265.' 355. 
Crewe's  geographical  drawings,  65.  134. 
Crimea  and  the  23rd  regiment,  343. 

its  climate,  5(»7. 

notes  on,  284. 

Crimean  mountains,  462. 
Crivelli  the  painter,  89. 
Croker  (Crofton),  sale  of  his  library,  495. 
Cromwell's  Irish  grants,  3o5.  530. 
Cross  and  pile,  181. 

Crossley  (Francis)  on  Clare  legends,  251. 
Crossley  (James)  on   Bernard  Mapdevillc, 
214. 

Peter  Wilkins,  212. 

Swift  and  the  Taller,  167. 

Croyland,  its  epithets,  146.  275. 

C.  (S.)  on  Milton's  mulberry. tree,  216. 

C.  (Sam.)  on  kaleidoscope,  272. 

C.  (T.  L.)  on  Cornish  song,  82. 

C.  (T.  Q.)  on  ominous  storms,  95. 

St.  Nun's  well,  Cornwall,  397. 

Cuckolds,  epigram  on,  142. 

Cuckoo  song,  524. 

'  Cui  bono,"  its  interpretation,  19. 

Cuhner  (Richard),  alias  Blue  Dick,  47. 

Cunningham     (Peter)    on    Herrick     and 
Southey,  27. 

Philips's  Ode  to  St.  John,  44. 

Curio  on  ducal  coronets,  47. 

Curiosities  of  literature,  recent  ones,  168 
435. 

Curiosus  on  Milton's  watch,  290. 

Curran  (J.  P.)  a  preacher,  388.  532. 

Cutchacutchoo,  a  satire,  17.  74. 

Cuttle  (Young)  on  notes  on  keeping  notes, 
317. 

C.  (VV.)  on  Count  Neiberg,  265. 

C.  (W.  H.)  on  Charles  Cotton,  346. 

"  Fasciculus  Florum,"  its  author,  523. 

C.  (W.  II.)  on  mortality  in  August,  304. 

hour-glass,  362. 

Pall  Mall,  461. 

Cygne  (Martin  de),  a  learned  Jesuit,  317. 


D'.' 

D.  on  Sir  Thomas  Allen's  portrait,  326. 

anonymous  MS.  verses,  7. 

books  burnt  by  the  common  hangman 

12. 

Chinese  proverbs,  175. 

Elstob  family,  17. 

— —  fairs  in  North  Devon,  165. 

"  Friends,  or  Original  Letters,"  289. 

Genoa  registers,  289. 

George  (St.),  Hanover  Square,  425. 515 

Parsons  (Robert),  69. 

Plumptre  (Rev.  James),  104. 

Preface  in  Common  Prayer,  406. 

Revolution  of  1688,  424. 

Roman  Catholic  divines,  325. 

A.  on  William  Guvnall,  401. 

Scott  (Rev.  Dr.),  Idi. 

D.  (1.)  on  Rev.  Edward  De  Chair,  367. 
D.  (A.  A.)  on  inn  signs,  32. 

Westminster  Abbey  a  cathedral,  37. 

D'Abrantee  (Duchesse),  29. 
Dagobert  (King),  his  revenge,  508. 
Daisy  on  silver  rings,  206. 
Dakyns  of  Linton,  their  motto,  223.  327. 
D' Alton  (John)  on  Irish  army  lists,  9J. 

Memoirs  of  the  Archbishops  of  Dut 

lin,  402. 

Damian,  inquired  after,  1G5. 
Dante  and  Tacitus,  240. 
Darling's  Cyclopaedia  Bibliographica,  373. 
Daveney  (H.)  on  belle-chikle,  508. 
Cann  family,  115. 


'aveney  (H.)  on  Hill  ^Abigail),  alias  Mrs. 
Masham,206. 

Norfolk  superstition,  156. 

Oavies  (F.  R.)  on  Clare  legends,  159.  390. 

.005. 

Davis  (A.  W.)  on  Robinson  Crusoe,  449. 
~>.  (E.)  on  Sir  Thomas  Browne  and  Bishop 
Ken,  111. 

—  female  obesity,  402. 
foreign  fountains,  1 14. 

funeral  parade  in  1733,  442. 
Kutchakutchoo,  17. 

Lewis  (Rev.  John)  of  Tetbury,  17.   ' 

Lightfoot  (Hannah),  430. 

Deacon    (Octavius)    on    Dakeyne  motto, 

328. 

Dead  men  speaking,  87.  215. 
Death  and  sleep,  229.  356.  412. 
De  Beauvoir  pedigree,  51. 
Decalogue  in  churches,  387- 
De    Caudeville    (L.)   on   the  moon's   in- 
fluence, 156. 

De  Chair  (Rev.  Edw.),  Vicar  of  St.  Pan- 
eras,  367. 

Deck     (Norris)     on    books    chained    in 
churches,  174. 

Fuller  (Dr.  Thomas),  his  memorials, 

453. 
Lofft  (Capel)  and  Napoleon,  219. 

—  St.  Barnabas  as  a  church  dedication, 
435. 

Decker  (Thomas),  his  "  Four  Birds,"  222. 
Dee  (Dr.  John),  date  of  his  death,  444. 
Deeds,  original,  258. 
De  Foe  (Daniel),  his  polemical  writings, 

260.  279. 

Degrees  in  law,  academical,  160. 
D.  (E.  H.  D.)  on  Dr.  John  Hine's  col- 
lections, 125. 

-  Huntingdon  witchcraft  lecture,  144. 
O'Doherty  (Morgan),  151. 

—  Tacitus,  lost  portion,  127. 

De    la   Pryme    (Charles)    on    Churchill's 

grave,  378. 
Delaune    (Dr.    Wm.),    President    of    St. 

John's,  30. 

De  Mareville  (HoiiorG)  on  French  folk  lore, 
26. 

naval  folk  lore,  26. 

schoolboy  formula,  369. 

i.  simnels,  393. 
De  Montfort  arms,  386. 
"  Demoralised,"    its    modern     meaning, 

486. 
Denton  (William)  on  old  ballads,  267. 

books  chained  in  churches,  393. 

Butler  (Bp.),  his  ordination,  393.  ' 

Cartwright  (Bp.),  161. 

churches  erected,  193. 

double  Christian  names,  19.  413. 

holy-loaf  money,  250. 

Lestrange  family,  83. 

Lightfoot  CHannah),  430. 

manuscript  on  Church  Unity,  65. 

Parsons  (Robert),  131.  270. 

Pope  sitting  on  the  altar,  349. 

Registration  Act,  193. 

stone  shot,  413. 

De  Quincey's  writings  quoted,  184. 

Derby  (Lord),  his  speech  on  the  religious 
returns,  289. 

Derby,  Prince  Charles's  house  there,  105. 
193. 

De  Rohan  (Cardinal),  146. 

Deserter,  a  speechless  one,  223. 

D.   (E.  T.)  on  Pope's  Dunciad,  109.   148. 
219. 

Devil,  buying  the,  305.  416. 

Devil's  dozen,  346.  474.  531. 

D.  (G.)  on  Herbert's  poem,  "  Hope,"  333. 

D.  (G.  T.)  on  oaths,  271. 

D.  (H.)  on  ebullition  of  feeling,  61. 

Temple  (Sir  Peter),  146. 

D.  (H.  G.)  on  Hannah  Lightfoot,  532. 

. — -  Pope's  Essay  on  Man,  479. 

D.  (H.  H.)  on  "  Emori  nolo,"  Sic.,  36. 

Diamond  (Dr.  H.  W.)  on  iodizing  paper, 
192. 

—  Westons  of  Winchelsea,  286. 


542 


INDEX. 


Diamond  (Dr.),  his  services  rendered  to 

photography,  45j> 

Dibdin  (Dr.)  on  Coleridge's  lectures,  107. 
Dickens's  Child's  History  of  England,  44. 
Dictionary  of  Words  derived  from  the 

Saxon,  145. 

Dillon  (Thomas),  bishop  of  Kildare,  424. 
Dimuliation  —  the  Half  Eagle,  127. 
Dinely  (Sir  John),  his  advertisement  for  a 

wife,  203. 

Dingley  (Robert),  noticed,  367. 
Disinterment,  223.  251. 
Divining  rod,  18.  155.  449.  467. 
Divorces  in  the  Roman  church,  326.  427. 
Dixon  (John)  on  clay  tobacco-pipes,  211. 
"  Leather  Bottle,"  303. 

—  padgentree,  221. 

D.  (L.  C.)  on  arms  of  Geneva,  408. 
D.  (M.)  on  Duchesse  D'Abrautes,  29. 

Flemings  in  England,  485. 

— —  Greek  dentists,  355. 

Pope's  mother,  479. 

— —  Shakspeare  s  historical  plays,  68. 

• Sultan  of  the  Crimea,  453. 

Dodd  (A.)  the  publisher,  217. 

Dodo  noticed,  528. 

Dodsley  (Robert)  and  "The  Economy  of 

Human  Life,"  8.  74.  318. 
Dog-whippers,  188. 
Dolland's  telescopes,  196.  294. 
D,  O.  M.  explained, -255. 
"  Dombey  and  Son,"  161. 
Domum  tree  at  Winchester,  66.  193. 
Doted,  its  meaning,  68. 
Douglas  (.C.  J.)  on  arms  of  Brettell  and 
Needes,  223. 

heraldic  queries,  275. 

Dovering,  its  etymology,  203. 

Dow  (Alex.)  on  pasigraphy,  445. 

Downing  (Sir  Geo.)  noticed,  2. 

Drake  and  the  Dogger,  220. 

Dramatists,  masterpieces  of  our  eaily,  441. 

Drexelius  on  legend  of  Clare,  251. 

—  Dow's  system  of  pasigraphy,  445. 
Drinking  from  seven  glasses,  388. 
Druidical  remains  in  Warwickshire,  508. 
Druids  and  Druidism,  works  on,  104.  214. 

265. 

Druid's  circle,  524. 
Drummond  (Capt.  Thomas),  125. 
D.   (R.  W.)  on  the  inscription  D.  O.  M., 

255. 

Dryden  and  Addison,  423.  452. 
D.  (S.)  on  first-fruits  and  tenths,  507. 
D.  (S.  J.)  on  Hatherleixh  Moor,  55.  , 

D.  (T.  E.)  on  Pritchard's  ship,  345. 
.        Grenville's  letter,  417. 
Duane  (Wm.)  on  Baptist  Vincent  Laval, 

465. 
Dublin,  church  of  St.  Nicholas  within  the 

walls,  147. 

Dublin  graduate  on  "  Pranceriana,"  315. 
"  Dublin  Letter,"  484. 
Dublin  newspaper,  the  first,  445. 
Ducal  coronets,  47. 
Dudley  (Geo.),  Maltese  knight,  200. 
Duiistone  on  Prene,  or  Preen,  347. 
Dumfries,  view  of,  135. 
Duncombe  (Dr.),  anecdote  of  him,  6.  72. 
Dunheoed  on  monumental  brasses,  521. 

. well  chapel,  525. 

"  Dying  Hebrew's  Prayer,"  464. 
Dyticus  on  ponds  for  insects,  66. 


E. 

Earthenware  vessels  at  Fountains  Abbey, 

386.  434.  516. 

Eastern  churches,  antiquities  of,  60.  370. 
Eastwood  (J.)  on  Bede's  dying  words,  230. 

brass  in  Boxford  Church,  394. 

Luke  ii.  14.,  254. 

parochial  libraries,  213. 

Eaton  (T.  D.)  on  Buckle's  brush,  352. 
E.  (A.  T.  T  )  on  Acton  family,  265. 
Ebor  on  Van  Tromp's  watch,  307.      v 
Ebullition  of  feeling,  61.  89. 
Eccentrics,  a  club,  89. 


Eden  family,  17. 

Edinburgh  almanacs,  a  collection  of,  522. 

Edmunds  (J.)  on  manor  of  Old  Paris  Gar- 
den, 423. 

Edward  I.  at  Padua,  29. 

Edward  (St.),  his  oak  at  Hoxne,  3Q8. 

Edwards  correspondence,41. 

Edwards  (H.)  on  brothers  of  the  same 
Christian  name,  31. 

Crawley,  God  help  us,  223. 

domum  tree  at  Winchester,  66. 

Huguetan  (Peter),  Lord  of  Vry- 

houven,  307. 

St.  Cross  Hospital,  Winchester,  183. 

299.  381. 

Egmont  (Sir  John  Perceval,  1st  Earl),  129. 
334. 

E.  (H.)  on  Handel's  wedding  anthem,  445. 

Eirionnach  on  legends  of  bees,  498. 

christening  ships,  66. 

Coleridge's  lectures  on  Shakspeare, 

373. 

slavery  in  Scotland,  322. 

trance-legends,  457.  480. 

E.  (J.  A.)  on  Hozer,  a  disciple  of  Fichte, 
264. 

E.  (K.  P.  D.)  on  Abgarus's  letter,  206. 

picture  by  Crevelli  Veneziano,  265. 

— —  prostitution  a  religious  ordinance,  245. 

Elcock  (B.  S.)  on  Major  Andre,  453. 

Eldon  (Lord),  anecdote  of,  7. 

Elizabeth  (Queen)  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney. 
241. 

described  by  Hentzner,  428. 

was  she  dark  or  fair  ?  52. 

Ellacombe  (Rev.  H.  T.)  on  bell  inscriptions, 
414. 

bell  literature,  273. 

bell  on  leaving  church,  332. 

epitaph  at  West  Allington,  84. 

island  seat,  SOS. 

Myddleton  (Sir  Hugh),  176. 

pictorial  editions  of  Prayer. Book,  212. 

Elliot  (G.)  on  Brydone  the  Tourist,  268. 
426. 

Elstob  (Elizabeth),  her  burial-place,  75. 

Elstob  family,  17-  295. 

E.  (M.)  on  longevity,  149. 

Emblems,  English  books  on,  474. 

Enemies,  sale  of,  383. 

English  words  derived  from  the  Saxon, 
145.  433. 

Enivri  on  bibliographical  queries,  164. 

church  of  -St.  Nicholas,  Dublin,  147. 

—  indices  published  in  the  present  cen- 

tury, 163. 

"  Manual  of  Devout  Prayers,"  146. 

. Sabbatine  bull,  163. 

suppression  of  the  Templars,  462. 

Enquirer  on  consecration  of  colours,  10. 
E.  (P.  B.)  on  ancient  punishment  of  the 
Jews,  126. 

EPIGRAMS  : — 

on  cuckolds,  142. 

Earl    of    Chatham    and    Sir    Richard 

Strachan,  524. 
Spanish,  445. 
Storey's  gate,  123. 
two  contractors,  61. 

Episcopal  salutation,  123. 

EPITAPHS  :  — 

Andrewes  (Bishop),  68. 

Ellis  (John)  of  Silkstone,  84. 

Falconer  (Thomas),  67. 

Forgive,  blest  shade,  94.  133.  152.  214. 

Higgs  (Rev.  Griffith),  266. 

Lambe    (Edward)    of   East    Bergholt, 

267. 

Lavenham  Church,  50. 
Lilly,  the  astrologer,  362. 
old  maid,  421.  513. 
priest,  100. 

Quod  fuit  esse,  &c.,  52. 
Shackleton  (Wm.)  of  Darrington,  402. 
West  Allingt'ju,  Devon,  84. 

Erasmus's  Adagia,  387. 

—  Colloquies,  passage  in,  424. 


Eric  on  Fire  of  London  in  1666,  422. 
—  Junius's  letters,  323. 

General  Index  to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  362. 

Ogden  and  Westcott  families,  376. 

Wicliffe's  clippers  and  pursekervers, 

346. 
Erica  on  Shelley's  Prometheus  Unbound, 

37. 

Escutcheons,  265. 
Este  on  bust  of  Shakspeare,  345. 
Etiquette  query,  404.  514. 
Ettelmig  on  poetical  tavern  sign,  329. 
Etymologies,  398. 
Evans  (John)  on  pax  pennies,  213. 
Events,  great,  from  slender  causes,   202. 

294.  394. 

Evil  eye  in  Scripture,  415. 
Ewart(Wm.)on  "Greatest  happiness  of 
the  greatest  number,"  104. 

Pope's  memorial  to  his  mother,  299. 

St.  Peter's  at  Rome,  386. 

Execution  by  hanging  survived,  233. 


F. 

F.  on  pay  in  the  army,  127. 

chare,  or  char,  435. 

—  "  Coaches,"  a  song,  172. 

couplet  in   Fuller's  Medicina  Gym- 

nastica,  254. 

Orkney  charms,  220. 

F.  (A.)  on  inn  signs,  32. 

Face  upon  a  bottle,  113. 

Fadeless,  its  use  vindicated,  507. 

Faggot-vote,  403. 

Fairfax  ("Lord),  noticed,  74. 

Fairfax  (Nicholas),  Maltese  knight,  200. 

Fairs,  custom  of  establishing  in   Devon, 

165. 

Falconer  (Thomas),  noticed, 67. 
Falconer  (Thomas)  on  wax-paper  process, 

73. 

Families,  large,  94.  422.  522. 
Farrer  (J.  W.)  on  forensic  jocularities,  71. 

unregistered  proverbs,  210. 

Fauntleroy,   his  supposed  execution,  114. 

233. 

Fausset  collection  of  antiquities,  96. 
F.  (E.  M.)  on  German  history  of  painters, 
89. 

Mendelssohn's  life,  89. 

Van  Dyck's  life,  89. 

Female  obesity  and  fecundity,  402. 
Female  parish  clerks,  216. 

parish  overseer,  45.  273. 

Femble,  a  coarse  flax,  182.  292. 
Fenton  (Elijah),  his  Notes  on  Milton,  307. 
Ferguson  (James  F.)  on  Thomas  Chester, 
Bishop  of  Elphin,  115. 

Cromwell's  Irish  grants,  530. 

inscriptions  in  books,  309. 

original  deeds,  258. 

Ferrar  (Nicholas)  and  George  Herbert,  58. 

155. 
Ferrara  (Andrea)  and  the  claymore,  224. 

412.  531. 

Ferrers  of  Chartley,  barony  of,  27. 
Ferrey  (Ben.)  on  new  churches,  193. 
Figs  first  planted  at  Lambeth,  342. 
Fillibusterism,  304. 
Fire  of  London  in  1666,422. 
First-fruits  and  tenths,  507. 
Fir-trees  and  oaks,  305. 
Fisher  (J.  W.)  on  Shakspeare  autograph, 

443. 

Fisher  (P.  H.)  on  Pope's  Dunciad,  148. 
Fishing  season  in  Italy,  346. 
Fish-money,  364. 

Fitchett's  King  Alfred,  102.  215.  334. 
Fitzpatrick  (W.  J.)  on  books  burnt  by  the 
hangman,  527. 

Memoir  of  Lord  Cloncurry,  221. 

.  Irish  newspapers,  473. 

F.  (J.)  on  Pascal  Paoli's  burial-place,  28!). 

schoolmen  and  their  philosophy,  264. 

Tindai  and  Annet,  405. 

F.  (J.  F.)  on  sale  of  enemies,  383. 
F.  (J.  J.)  on  waxing  positives,  111. 


INDEX. 


543 


Flemings  in  England,  485. 

Flodden  Field,  list  of  the  slain,  223. 

Floral  Directories,  108. 

Flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  98.  225. 

374. 
Folkes  (Martin),  his  family,  348. 

FOLK  LORE,  5.  26.  180.  321. 

Cambridgeshire,  321. 

Devonshire,  321. 

Dorsetshire,  321. 

French,  26. 

Hindoo,  403. 

Kent,  181. 

Naval,  26.  99. 

Northern  counties,  180. 

Orkney  charms,  220. 

Somersetshire,  37.  180.  395. 

Surrey,  321. 

"  Follow  your  nose,"  a  tale,  66. 
Forbes  (C.)  on  Alison's  lyric,  353. 

—  designation   of  works  under  review, 

473. 
earthenware     vessels     at     Fountains 

Abbey,  516. 

green  eyes,  174. 

recent  curiosities  of  literature,  435. 

— —  Virgilian  inscription  for  infant  school, 

254. 

— —  Voltaire's  saying,  134. 
Forensic  jocularities,  18.  70.  253.  314. 
Forms  of  prayer,  1661,  341. 

occasional,  247. 

Forsyth  ( David;  on  clairvoyance,  194. 
Forsyth   (Daniel)   on  cannon-ball  effects, 

3*6. 
Foss  ( Edward)  on  the  chancellor's  purse, 

278. 

Thomas  Rolf,  195. 

Foster  (Dr.  James),  noticed  by  Pope,  524. 
Foster  (Dr.  Thomas),  his  works,  108. 
Founding-pot,  a  vessel,  514. 
Fountains    Abbey,     earthenware    vessels 

found  there,  386.  434.  516. 
Fountains,  foreign,  114.  256. 
Fox  (Mr.),  satire  on,  123. 
Franciscan  dress,  9. 
Francklyn  household  book,  173. 
Franklin  (Dr.  Benj.),  his  parable,  82.  169. 

252. 

on  telegraphing  through  water,  443. 

Fraser  (Malcolm)  on  first  pre-Raffaelite,  6. 

Fraser  (Rev.  Peter),  14G. 

Fraser  (W. )  on  anecdote  by  Bishop  Atter- 

bury,  6. 
bishops'  mitres,  87. 

Friday  an  unlucky  day,  356. 

Hindoo  folk  lore,  403. 

host  buried  in  a  pyx,  333. 

ill-luck  averted,  355. 

— —  infidel  court  chaplain,  346. 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton,  135. 

"  Non  ex  quolibet  ligno  Mercurius," 

447. 

noon,  its  derivation,  224. 

Old  Week's  Preparation,  46.  234. 

—  praying  towards  the  West,  494. 
— —  publicans  among  the  Jews,  223. 

Robinson  (Long  Sir  Thomas),  294. 

rubrical  query,  127. 

salutations,  53. 

-  seven  senses,  393. 

— —  "Son  of  the  morning,"  &c.,  4C4. 

— —  tenure  per  baroniam,  474. 

Wright's  Letter  to  a  Member  of  Par- 
liament, 55. 

French  (Gilbert  J.)  on  barristers'  gowns, 
38. 

oaths,  271. 

French  literature,  246. 

Frere  (Geo.  E.)  on  harmony,  153. 

Friday,  an  unlucky  day,  356. 

Frischlin  (Nicodemus),  a  German  critic, 
347. 

Frost  (Wm.)  on  poetical  tavern  sign,  329. 

Fruit-trees  beaun^  two  crops,  461. 

F.S.A.  or  F.  A. 8.,  465. 

F.  (T.)  on  Falconer's  inscription,  67. 

—  monumental  inscriptions,  62. 


Fuller  (Dr.  Thomas),  his  monument,  245. 

biography  of,  245.  453. 

Funeral  parade  in  1733,  442. 

Furnace  cinders,  387. 

Furvus  on  awk,  a  provincialism,  53. 

double  Christian  names,  18. 

North  (Lord;  and  George  III.,  52. 

officer  and  gentleman,  305. 

•'  Seasonable    Considerations  of    the 

Corn  Trade,"  265. 

Upton  (Capt.),  386. 

welkin  and  maslin,  393. 

F.  (W.  H  )  on  Dante  and  Tacitus,  240. 


G. 


G.  on  Bishop  Andrewes's  epitaph,  68. 

Becket's  family,  486. 

etiquette  query,  514. 

nagging,  its  derivation,  29. 

—  Pope's  Dunciad,  257. 

T.  on  epigram  on  two  contractors,  115. 
G.  (A.)  on  Queen  Anne's  bounty,  i!24. 
Gal  lo- nit  rate  on  Buckle's  brush,  313. 
Gam  (Davidi  on  "  The  Savage,"  364. 
Gantillon  (P.  J.  F.)  on  Archbp.  Abbott's 
descendants,  346. 

books  burnt  by  the  hangman,  215. 

families,  large,  94. 

—  Gray's  Elegy,  Latin  versions,  94. 
• Queen  Anne's  farthing,  384. 

—  reckoning  by  nights,  3,6. 

Smith's  Dictionaries  of  Antiquities,98. 

Gardner  (J.  D.),  sale  of  his  library,  96. 

Garlands  in  churches,  243. 

Garlichithe  on  Boswe)!  and  Malone's  notes 
on  Milton,  28. 

Milton's  amour,  30. 

Milton's  mulberry-tree,  46. 

Milton  portraits,  8. 

Garnett  (Henry),  the  Jesuit,  73. 

Gatty  (Alfred)  on  tavern  signs,  33. 

Thames  water,  401. 

Gavelkind  and  Croyland,  163. 

G.  (C.  H.)  on  Reynolds,  Bishop  of  Here- 
ford, 353. 

Genealogies  in  old  Bibles,  345. 

Genealogical  queries,  144. 

Geneva  arms,  169.  408. 

Genevese  wine  merchants,  362. 

Genoa  registers,  i;89.  393.  , 

Gentleman,  its  early  use,  305. 

GeofFery  on  heraldic  query,  3ti4. 

George  III.  an  author  on  agriculture,  46. 

George  IV.,  who  struck  him  ?  125.  413. 

his  sign-manual,  405. 

George  on  harvest  horn,  222. 

George  (St.),  his  cross  used  as  a  banner, 
206. 

George's  (St.),  Hanover  Square,  425.  515. 

German  distich,  365. 

maritime  laws,  66. 

painters,  89. 

Gervaise  (G  )  on  etymology  of  "  Count," 
163. 

"  Cutting  off  with  a  shilling,"  75. 

dimidiation — the  half-eagle,  127. 

Geneva  arms,  169. 

G.  (H.)  on  academical  degrees,  160. 

Arthur,  Earl   of    Anglesey,    his  sale 

catalogue,  286. 

good  times  for  equity  suitors,  173. 

orchard,  its  derivation,  50. 

Ghosts  and  paganism,  508. 

G.  (H.  T. )  on  heraldic  queries,  164. 

salutation  customs,  208. 

unregistered  proverbs,  211. 

— —  while,  a  provincialism,  194. 
Gihbs  (H.  H.)  on  Goucho,  535. 
Gibson  (Thos.),  his  Concordance,  34S. 
Giggs  and  scourge-sticks,  255. 
Giles  (Dr.  J.   A.)   on   Anglo-Saxon  typo- 
graphy, 183. 
Gimk'tte  (T. )  on  ecclesiastical  maps,  374. 

Williams  (Bishop  Griffith),  425. 

Gipping  (Thomas)  on  Stonelicnge,  463. 
G.  (J.)  on  churches  erected,  31ti. 


G.  (J.)  on  "  Cur  moriatur  homo,"  454. 

death  and  sleep,  356. 

disinterment,  251. 

Franklin's  parable,  169. 

G.  (J.  C.)  on  quotation  fiom  Dryden,  96. 
G.  (J.   M.)   on    Coleridge's    Lectures  on 
Shakspeare,  106. 

Lord  of  Vryhouven's  legacies,  394. 

modern  pilgrimages,  25. 

Shakspeare  a  Rinnan  Catholic,  85. 

standard -bearer  of  the  Conqueror,  306. 

G.  (J.  R.)  on  anecdote  of  Coleridge,  153. 
— —  Bagsters'  motto,  405. 

Clare  customs,  385. 

clock  ot  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  46. 

grammar  lor  public  schools,  i'54. 

James  ll.'s  brass  money,  385. 

Kyrie  Eleison,  404. 

Luke  ii.  14.,  i!54. 

Napoleon  III.  and  his  beard,  285. 

reprints  of  early  Bibles,  12. 

Sternhold  and  Hopkins'  Psalms,  366. 

"  talented,"  its  modern  use,  .'>23. 

Glanvil  (Rev.  Joseph),  his  works,  348. 
Glasgow  city  arms,  .;2r>. 

Glaucus  on  moon  superstitions,  181. 

GodnicinchesUT  black  pigs,  .)i3. 

Godwin  (.Mary  \Voll-t  mecraft),  147. 

Golden  tooth,  IK. 

Gole  (Russell)  on  Nutcelle  monastery, 376. 

Gomer  on  the  Crimea  and  the  23d  regi- 
ment, 56. 

Gooseberry- fool,  its  derivation,  56. 

Gordon  (Dr.  Wm.)  noticed,  144. 

Gordon  (G.  H.)  on  notes  on  verses  by 
Thomas  Campbell,  1)9. 

Gorton's  Biographical  Dictionary,  402. 

"  Goucho,"  or  "  Guacho,"  346.535. 

Graf  on's  Chronicle,  509. 

Grammars  for  public  schools,  116.  254.  415. 

Grammont's  Memoirs,  168.  157. 

Granoison  peerage.  44'2. 

Graves  (Dr.  Richard),  Dean  of  Ard^gh,  203. 

Graves  (James)  on  the  architect  of  .BA- 
talha,  29. 

— —  General  Prim,  287. 

Turks  and  the  Irish,  8. 

Warren  of  Poynton,  66. 

Williams  (Griffith),  Bishop  of  Ossory, 

66. 

Graves  (John  T.)  on  the  will  of  Francis 
Ho  us,  39. 

Graves  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  5ti. 

Gray  and  Stephen  Duck,  160. 

Gray's  Elegy.  Latin  versions  of,  94. 

"  Greatest  happiness  of  the  greatest  num- 
ber," origin  of  the  theory,  104. 

Greek  dentists,  242.  355. 

Greek  spoken  in  Brittany,  326. 

Green  eyes,  174. 

Green  Lady,  portrait  of,  325. 

Greene  (Richard)  on  Griffin's  Fidessa,  367. 

remaikable  prediction,  104. 

Green's  "  Lives  of  the  1'rincesses,"  errors 
in,  3V2. 

Grenville  (Bevill),  a  letter  by  him,  417. 

Gresebrook  in  Yorkshire.  433. 

Gresham's  Exchange,  list  of  subscribers  to, 
206. 

G.  (R.  H.)  on  etiquette  query,  514. 

Griffin  on  satirical  prints  of  Pope,  458. 

Warren  of  Poynton,  231. 

Grilfin's  Fidessa  and  Shukspeare's  Pas- 
sionate Pilgrim,  j(i7. 

Growse(F.  S  )on  monumental  brasses,  361. 
520. 

Grymes  (Sir  Edward)  noticed,  485. 

G.  (S.  C.)  on  masterpieces  of  early  drama- 
tists, 441. 

G.  kS.  R.)  on  "  Never  more,"  &c.,  145. 

lines  on  the  Marquis  of  Anglesey,  162, 

recovery  alter  execution,  233. 

Guildhall  before  16ti6,  266. 

Guisch  (Prince).  14k 

Gunner  (W.  H.)  on  Dr.  South,  145. 

domum  tree  at  Winchester,  193. 

Gurnall  (Rev.  Wm.)  noticed,  404. 

Gutch  (J.  W.  G.)  on  collodion  tests,  51. 

Gutta  pcrcha,  its  solubility,  74. 


54-1 


INDEX. 


tjuyon  (Gen.)  alias  Kurschid  Pasha,  165. 

355. 
G.  (W.)  on  map  of  Mondip,  co.  Somerset, 

103. 

Gwenllian  on  collodion  negatives,  512. 
-G.  (W.  II.)  on  Fairfax  family,  74. 


H. 

--H.  on  Col.  St.  Leger,  376. 

Roubilliac's  statue  of  Cicero,  326. 

St.  Peter,  his  tribe,  207. 

H.  (A.)  on  Moore's  melody,  225. 

— —  school  libraries,  254. 

Haberdasher,  its  etymology,  304.  415.  475. 

Habesci  (Elias),  a  political  prophet,  483. 

Haddan  (A.  W.)  on  Thorndike's  letters, 
237. 

Haddon  Hall,  heiress  of,  16. 

Hajmony,  153. 

Haggard  ( W.  D.)  on  medal  on  peace  of 
Utrecht,  91. 

Hale  (Sir  Matthew),  his  descendants,  473. 

Halfpenny  of  George  II.,  423. 

Halley  (Dr.  George)  of  York,  523. 

Halliwell  (J.  O.)  on  ballad  on  the  escape  of 
Charles  II.,  340. 

Decker's  "  Four  Birds,"  222. 

Hamilton  (Sir  William),  noticed,  61. 

Hampshire  provincial  words,  120.  256. 

Hampton  Court  pictures,  131. 

"  Handbook  of  Advertisers,"  its  puffery 
exposed,  416. 

Handel's  anthem  for  the  marriage  of  Prin- 
cess Mary,  445. 

Hand-grenades,  specimens  of,  206. 

Hanging,  execution  by,  beingsurvived,  233. 

Harbottle  (Cecil)  on  Storey's  gate,  123. 

Hare,  curious  fact  respecting,  523. 

Hare  (John),  his  accusation,  363. 

Harlot,  its  derivation,  207.  411.  494. 

Hartfield  (B.)  on  Prester  John,  186. 

Harwood  the  composer,  362. 

Harvest  horn,  222. 

Hastings  (Warren),  his  trial,  45. 

Hat,  a  salutation  custom,  345. 

Hatherleigh  Moor,  55. 

Hatton  (Lord  Chancellor),  his  estates,  263. 

Hawkins  (Edw.)  on    Queen  Anne's  far- 
things, 430. 

a  curious  print,  275. 

"  Political  Register,"  492. 

—  Thames  water,  534. 

Hayche  on  Rogers's  Poems  annotated.  205. 
Hayes  (Geo.)  on  the  Greeks  extracting 

teeth,  242.  510. 
Hayman  (Samuel)  on  Edw.  Jones,  Bp.  of 

St.  Asanh,  523. 

Hazel  (Wm.)    on    "  He  who    rights   and 
runs  away,"  333. 

Lover's  song,  262. 

myrtle  bee,  354. 

Pope  sitting  on  the  altar,  273. 

—  "  that "  ver.  "  who  "  or  "  which,"  421. 
Hazlewood  on  Bermondsey  Abbey,  166 
Hazlitt's  Essay  on  Will-making,  44fi.  531. 
H.  (C.)  on  "  Chits  "  in  Lady  Russell's  Let- 
ters, 4  . 

notes  on  Pepys's  Diary,  2. 

tobacco  riddle,  211. 

H.  1.  (C.)  on  Bede's  dying  words,  230. 
— —  cannon  used  at  Crecy,  412. 
Charles  I.  and  his  relics,  416. 

—  James  I.'s  letter  to  his  daughter  Mary, 

216. 

—  moral  philosophy,  works  on,  53. 
— —  nagging,  its  meaning,  173. 
Norfolk  superstition,  156. 

St.  Leger  (Colonel),  94. 

—  "  thee  "  and  "  thou,"  295. 
Thorndike  (Herbert),  413. 

H.  2.  (C.)  on  Bernard  Mandeville,  129. 
H.  (E.)  on  arms :  gules,  a  lion  rampant  or, 
184. 

Barren's  regiment,  Ifi. 

inscription  on  John  Ellis,  84. 

kaleidoscope,  272. 

—  medal  on  the  peace  of  Utrecht,  15. 


Hearsay  on  scrirlet  in  the  army,  315. 
Heath   (Sir  Robert)  on  the  collar  of  SS. 

357. 

Hedding  family,  185. 
H.  (E.  H.)  on  leases, 31. 
Hele   (Henry  H.)   on   photographic  una- 
nimity, 410. 

Henderson  (J.)  on  Lancashire  record,  165. 
Henderson  (John)  noticed,  26. 
Hengrave  Church,  Suffolk,  405. 
Henry  of  Huntingdon  a  Welshman,  317. 
Heraldic  anomaly,  53. 
— —  quarterings,  53. 

queries,  126.  164.  275.  332.  364. 

Heralds'  College,  searches  at,  68. 
Herbert  (Geo.),  first  edition  of  his  Poems, 
388. 

on  Hope,  18  333. 

Herbert's  Ames'  Typographical  Dictionary, 

567. 

Hercules  statue  at  Arundel  House,  187. 
Herod  and  Pilate,  their  correspondence, 

29. 
Herodians,  a  semi-Christian  sect,  9.  135. 

354. 

"  Heroic  Epistle  to  Dr.  Watson,"  66.  115. 
Herrick  and  Southey,  27. 
Herring  (Dr.),  his  Rules  in  time  of  Plague, 

509. 

Hesiod  and  Matt.  v.  33.,  7. 
Hesleden  (Wm.  S.)  on  will  and  testament, 

377. 
Hewett  (J.  W.)  on  grammars  for  public 

schools,  116. 

— —  occasional  forms  of  prayer,  247. 
H.  (F.  C.)  on  Bede's  dying  words,  330. 

—  Book  of  Almanacs,  94. 
brasses  restored,  273. 

"  Credo,  Domine,"  &c.,  314. 

crescent,  a  symbol,  426. 

divining  rod,  18. 

divorces  of  the  Roman  Catholics,  427. 

earthenware    vessels     at    Fountains 

Abbey,  434. 

—  epitaph  on  old'raaid,  513. 
Garnet  (Henry),  73. 

Herbert's  poem  on  Hope,  18. 

— —  Herodians,  354. 

host  buried  in  a  pyx,  333. 

holy-loaf  money,  36. 

Kyrie  Eleison,  513. 

•  man  speaking  after  death,  215. 

"  Manual  of  Devout  Prayers,"  253. 

Parsons  (Robert),  68. 

Pasquin  —  tobacco-  smoking,  429. 

pax  pennies  of  William  the  Conqueror, 

36. 

Raphael's  cartoons,  152.  295. 

"  Rattlin'  Roaring  Willie,"  43-i. 

St.  Peter's  at  Rome,  4S4. 

St.  Tellant  or  Telean,  331. 

Scottish  songs,  216. 

H.  (G.)  on  "  Forgive,  blest  shade,"  152. 

H.  (G.  T.)  on  "  Perfide  Albion,"  29. 

polygamy  among  the  Turks,  29. 

Hibberd  (Shirley)  on  the  American  bit- 
tern, 125. 

Hiel  the  Bethelite,  38. 

Higgs  (Rev.  Griffith),  inscription  on  his 
tomb,  266. 

Highland  regiment  dress,  53. 

Highlands  of  Scotland  and  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  180.  312. 

Hildrop  (Dr.  John)  noticed,  36. 

Hill  (Abigail)  alias  Mrs.  Masham,  203. 

Hilton  of  Hilton,  Durham,  his  bearing, 
223. 

Hinchliffe  (Dr.),  Bishop  of  Peterborough, 
446. 

Hindoo  folk  lore,  403. 

Hine  (Dr.  John),  his  antiquities,  125. 

Hippolytus  to  Severina,  482. 

Hirlas  on  Parsons  or  Persons,  8. 

Williams  (Bishop  Griffith),  252. 

History,  the  impossibilities  of.  415. 

H.  (J.  E.)  on  "  He  who  rights  and  runs 
away,"  333. 

H.  (J.'J.)  on  Dr.  Dee's  death,  444. 

— —  lines  at  Jerpoint  Abbey,  532. 


H.  (J.  W.)  on  photographic  cavils,  372. 

H.  (M.)  on  Pope's  Dunciad,  194. 

Raphael's  cartoons,  189. 

sepulchral  monuments,  194. 

William  III.  and  Cooper  the  painter, 

194. 

H.  (N.  J.)  on  double  Christian  names,  276. 

Hoare  (G.  T.)  on  Hiel  the  Bethelite,  39. 

Hobbes's  Works,  1750,  editor  of,  87. 

Hofland  (Mrs.  Barbara),  486. 

Hogg  (Edward)  on  choke  damp,  104. 

Hogmanay,  its  meaning,  54. 

Holland  a  seat  of  the  Druids,  241. 

Holloway  (Rev.  Benj.)  noticed,  449. 

Holwell    (John    Zephaniah),    his   burial- 
place,  31. 

Holy-loaf  money,  36.  133.  215.  250.  487. 

Holyrood  palace,  323. 

Homilies,  quotations  in,  203. 

Hook  (Charles)  on  Luke  ii.  14.,  254. 

Hook  (Theodore),  his  residence,  147. 

Hooper  (Richard)  on  army  nurses,  461. 

Hopkins  (Matthew)  the  witchfinder,  285. 

Horace    Baxter's  note  on  lib.  iii.  ode  8. 
1.  18.,  327. 

Host  buried  in  a  pyx,  184.  333. 

Houlbrook  (Wm.)  the  Marlborough  black- 
smith, 286. 

Hour-glasses  in  pulpits,  38.  362. 

Howard  (Lord)  alias  Belted  Will,  341. 

Hozer,  a  disciple  of  Fichte,  264. 

H.  (R.)  on  errors  in    post-office  stamps, 
284. 

H.    (R.    S.)    on    bosses    in    Morwenstow 
Church,  123. 

H.  (S.)  on  Catholic  Floral  Directories,  108. 

"  He  that  fights,"  &c.,  101. 

King  John's  palace,  307. 

spirit-rapping,  Voltaire,  4. 

H.  (S.  A.)  on  Pope's  Sober  Advice,  418. 

H.  (T.  B.  B.)  on  Sumartthe  clockmaker,  8. 

Hughes  (John),  his  tragedy  "  Amalasont," 
266.  413. 

Hughes  (T.)  on  "The  Birch,"  a  poem, 
73. 

Charles  I.  and  his  relics,  469. 

heraldic  queries,  332. 

motto  of  The  Sun  newspaper,  10. 

pedigree  to  the  time  of  Alfred,  392. 

—  Polperro  provincialisms,  376. 

proxies  for  absent  sponsors,  154. 

Rowe  familv,  433. 

Salopian  pedigrees.  67. 

Savile  of  Oakhampton,  509. 

Upton  the  herakiist,  437. 

Huguetnn  (Peter),  his  bequests,  307.  391. 
Humming  ale.  15. 
Huntingdon  sturgeon.  525. 
Huntingdon  witchcraft  lecture,  144. 
Husenbeth   (Dr.  F.  C.)  on  Hiel  the  Be- 
thelite, 38. 

holy-loaf  money,  215. 

punctuation,  482. 

Hutchinson   (Peter)    on  the    myrtle  bee, 
136. 

singed  vellum,  106. 

Hutchinson's    Commercial    Restraints    of 

Ireland,  244. 
H.  (W.)  on  curious  predictions,  459. 

Jerpoint  Abbey,  355. 

Lely's  small  portraits,  6(5. 

Luke  ii.  14.,  254. 

Raphael's  cartoons,  294. 

H.  (W.  B.)  on  bell  literature,  55. 

H.  (W.  E.)  on  fir  trees  and  oaks,  305. 

-  Heralds'  College,  68. 

-  St.  Edward's  oak.  303. 
Trajan's  palace,  SOS. 

Hyde  (Edward),  Earl  of  Clarendon,  lines 

by,  163. 
Hydropathy  in  the  last  century,  28.  107. 

153.  275. 


!.  (B.  R.)  on  paper  by  Lord  Nelson,  307." 
Ice,  artificial,  its  composition,  290.  414. 
I.  (F.  R.)  on  Pengwern  Hall,  105. 


INDEX. 


545 


Ignoramus  on  phosphoric  light,  147. 

Zouaves,  365. 

Ignoto  on  Berington's  Memoirs  of  Pan. 

zani,  186. 
Ignotus  on  female  parish  overseer,  £73. 

"  Ould  Grouse  in  the  Gun  Room," 

223. 

photographic  terms,  293. 

Ill-luck  averted.  224.  355. 

Ina  on  Bishop  Beckington,  245. 

—  custom  at  Wells,  Somerset,  180. 

—  Hare's  accusation,  S63. 

louvre  boards,  11. 

Incle,  its  meaning,  398. 

"  Independent  Whig,"  a  periodical,  280. 
Index,   Society  for  compiling  a  general, 

356. 

Indian  rubber,  204. 
Indices  published  in  the  present  century, 

163.  267. 

Indignans  on  literary  pensions,  322. 
Infant  school,  Virgilian  inscription  for  one, 

254. 

Infantulus  on  latten-jawed,  273. 
Ingleby    (C.  Mansfield)   on   A.  M.    and 
M.  A.,  332. 

Bolingbroke's  advice  to  Swift,  346. 

Cousin's  Lectures  on  Kant,  360. 

Fenton's  notes  on  Milton,  307. 

— —  mawkin,  a  scarecrow,  252. 

. "  My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is,"  335. 

works      with      defectively-expressed 

titles,  472. 
Inn  signs,  32.  214. 
Inquirer  on  Austrian  passports,  165. 
Inquisition  of  Madrid,  120.  137.  246.  515. 

INSCRIPTIONS  :  — 

bells,  255.  414. 

books,  3C9. 

door- head,  253.  355.  515. 

Lindsay  court-house,  273. 

monumental,  242. 

Pope's,  on  a  punch-bowl,  258. 
Ireland,  abductions  in,  141. 
Iris  and  lily,  88.  153.  253. 
Iris  on  iris  and  lily,  88. 
Irish  and  the  Turks,  8. 
Irish  Archaological  Society,  403.  455. 

characters  on  the  stage,  135. 194. 

family  names,  385. 

newspapers,  182.  473. 

"  Island  seat  "  explained,  308. 
It,  its,  their  early  use,  235. 
Italian-English,  specimens  of,  1S3. 


J. 

J   (A.)  on  Albert's  writings,  102. 

Jacke  of  Dover,  203. 

Jacob  (Eustace  W.)  on  letter  of  Hannah 

More,  460. 

Jacobites,  the  last,  507. 
James  on  longevity,  150. 
James  I.,  poem  by,  314. 

whimsical  petition  to,  242. 

James  II.  and  Dublin  university,  421. 

his  army  lists,  90. 

— —  brass  money,  385. 

letter  to  his  daughter  Mary,  66.  216. 

writings,  485. 

Jarltzberg  on  high  and  low  church,  260. 

278. 

Jason  on  a  pulpit  pun,  285. 
Jaundice,  remedy  for,  321. 
Jaydee  on  epigram  quoted  by  Lord  Derby, 

524. 
Jaytee  on  anastatic  printing,  364. 

Augier,  a  watchmaker,  365. 

J.  (C.)  on  armorial  queries,  32. 

Bosvile  (Ralph),  15. 

churchyard  literature,  402. 

Pictaveus,  355. 

Jebb  (John)  on  ancient  alphabets,  291. 

Psalm  xc.  5.,  70. 

Selah,  its  meaning,  36. 

Jeffcock  (I.  T.)  on  epitaph. on  Wm.  Lilly, 

362. 


JefTcock  (I.  T.)  on  printers'  marks,  445. 

Jekyll's  "  Tears  of  the  Cruets,"  125. 172. 

Jennings,  G.  (S.)  on  a  quotation,  288. 

Jesuitical  books  burnt  at  Paris,  323.  406. 

J.  (E.  W.)  on  Genevese  wine  merchants, 
362. 

water  serpent,  404. 

Jews,  ancient  punishment  of,  126. 

Jews  and  Egyptians,  12. 

J.  (F.  W.)  oh  humming  ale,  15. 

J.  (H.  J.)  on  David  Lindsay,  266. 

J.  (J.)  on  dedication  of  Avington  Church, 

307. 

J.  (J.  W.)  on  Bristol  lectureships.  484. 
J.  (N.  L.)  on  "  As  sure  as  a  gun,"  264. 

great  events  from  slender  causes,  202. 

harlot,  its  derivation,  207. 

Joachim's  Prophecies,  486. 

Jocelyn  (Lord),  his  work  on  China,  182. 

John  (King),  his  palace  in  Tottenham  Court, 

307. 
John    of  Jerusalem,    English,    Irish,    and 

Scotch  knights,  177.  200.  378. 
John  o'  the  Ford  on  heraldic  anomaly,  53. 

Nicolson  (Dr.  Wm.),  Bishop  of  Carlisle, 

245. 

steamers  and  railways,  221. 

Johnes  (Sir  Hen.)  of  Abermarlais,  445. 
Johnson  (Dr.)  and  Bishop  Warburton,  41. 

Life  of  John  Philips  noticed,  44. 

Jokes,  old,  534. 

Jones  (Edward),  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  523. 
Jones  (Emily)  on  cousin-german,  187. 
Jones  (P.  F.)  on  castle  resembling  Colzean, 

444. 

Jones   (T.  W.)  'on  Sir  Edward)  Coke's  ge- 
nealogy, 142. 

Hatton  (Lord  Chancellor),  his  estates, 

263. 

Jones  ( Wm.)  on  Klaproth's  China,  335. 
Joshua  x.  12,  13.,  12f .  171. 
Jumballs  explained,  173. 
Junius  Discovered  —  Governor   Pownall  ? 

323. 

Junius's  letters,  their  post-mark,  523. 
Jury,  its  origin,  383. 
Juv.  on  photographic  paper,  15. 
Juverna  on  Barren's  regiment,  16. 

Boscobel  box,  532. 

Curran  a  preacher,  532. 

— —  Deverell's  Shakspeare,  236. 

"  EmsdorfTs  fame,"  &c.,  103. 513. 

"  Follow  your  nose,"  a  tale,  66. 

German  distich,  366. 

General  Prim,  412. 

recent  curiosities  of  literature,  1G8. 


K. 

K.  on  slaughtering  cattle  in  towns,  434. 

.  translations  of .  he  Talmud,  128. 

Kaleidoscope,  its  inventor,  164.  272. 
Karl  on  "  Curs'd  Croyland,"  275. 
K.  (C.  F.)  on  talliagea,  105. 
Reach  (Benj.),  his  Scripture  Metaphors,  388. 
Keats  (John),  his  Poems,  255. 
Keble's  Christian  Year,  355.  453. 
Keightley  (Thomas)  on  etymologies,  398. 
Kelly  (Charles  F.)  on  masters  of  St.  Cross, 

473. 

Kelly  (Wm.)  on  satirical  prints  of  Pope, 
479.      ' 

Seller's  History  of  England,  509. 

Ken  (Bishop),  his  Midnight  Hymn,  110. 
Kenneth  (F.)  on  heraldic  queries,  126. 
Kerslake  (Thomas)  on  the  Perverse  Widow, 

234. 
King  (Thos.  W.)  on  rules  of  precedence, 

352. 

Kings  spared  in  battle,  185. 
K.  (J.)   on  anecdote  by  Bp.  Atterbury,  72. 

Ferrar  (Nicholas)  and  Geo.  Herbert, 

155. 

Gresham's  Exchange,  206. 

—  Hughes's  Amalasont,  413. 

inn  signs,  32. 

"  Le   Messager   des    Sciences    Histo- 

riques,"  187. 


K.  (J.)  on  Phipps  family,  305. 

Walsingham's  Manual,  290. 

Klaproth  (Julius),  his  works  on  China,  266. 

335. 

K.  (M.  M.)  on  Warburton's  edition  of  Pope, 
90.  219. 

Pope's  Ethic  Epistles,  218. 

Knobstick  explained,  95.  175. 
Kutchakutchoo,  a  game,  17. 
Kutuzeff  on  the  Czarina  Catherine,  361. 
Kyrie  Eleison,  404.  513. 


L. 

L.  on- Beaufort  (Louis  de),  101. 

children  nurtured  by  wolves,  62. 

conspiracy  to  dig  up  corpses,  9. 

"Face  upon  a  bottle,"  113. 

Lindsay  (David),  335. 

standard-bearer  of  the  Conqueror,  432. 

L.  (A.)  on  origin  of  cherries,  101. 

Lamb  (Charles)  and  S.  T.  Coleridge,  463. 

Lambe  (Edward),  his  mural  tablet,  267.  528. 

Lambing  season,  180. 

Lammin  (  W.  H.)  on  Grammont's  Memoirs, 
138. 157. 

Lancashire  record,  165. 

song,  158. 

Lancastriensis  on  "The  Birch,"  a  poem, 
116. 

Crewe's  geographical  drawings,  134. 

Lancashire  song,  158. 

Radcliffe  (Sir  Richard),  475. 

Warrens  of  Poynton,  231. 

Land  of  Green  Ginger,  174. 

Lathbury  (Thomas)   on  forms    of  prayer, 
1661,  341.  439. 

Latten-jawed,  a  provincialism,  53.  116.  273. 
474. 

Laval  (Baptist  Vincent),  465. 

Lavenham  Church,  epitaph  in,  50. 

L.   (C.)  on   flowers    mentioned   by  Shak- 
speare, 225. 

L.  (C.  M.)  on  Philip  Miller,  487. 

L.  (E.)  on  Prophecies  of  Nostradamus,  &c., 
486. 

Leachman  (John)  on  bromide  of  silver,  429. 

Leases  granted  for  99  and  999  years,  31.  294. 

Lee  (Rev.  Samuel)  noticed,  525. 

L.  (E.  H.  M.)  on  hour-glass  in  pulpits,  38. 

Lely's  small  portraits,  66.  253. 

"  Le  Messager  des  Sciences  Historiques," 
187. 

Lempriere's  Universal  Biography,  245. 

Le  Neve  (John),  letter  to  Thomas  Baker,' 42. 

Fasti,  new  edition,  181. 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton,  33.  135. 

Lespiault   (M.)    on    turpentine- wax-paper 

process,  92. 
Lestrange  family,  83. 
Leveret  on  Amelia,  daughter  of  Geo.  II.,  29. 

William  de  la  Grace,  46. 

Lewis  (Rev.  John)  of  Tetbury,  17. 
Lewis  (Rev.  Lewis),  noticed,  88. 
L.  (F.)  on  early  play-bill,  99. 
L.  (G.R.)  on  Geoffery  Alford,  375. 
— —  anastatic  printing,  288. 

mediaeval  vessels,  206. 

Noad's  lectures,  288. 

Santiago  de  Compostella,  205. 

L.  (H.)  on  the  Collier's  Creed,  143. 

grants  of  arms  temp.  Hen.  VIII.,  208. 

South's  Sermons,  515. 

Liberal  on  literary  pensions,  453. 
Lightfoot  (Dr.),  his   MS.  correspondence, 

287. 
Lightfoot  (Hannah),  noticed,  228.  328.  374. 

430.  532. 

Lilly  (Wm.),  astrologer,  his  epitaph,  362. 
Lindsay  (David),  minister  at  Leith,  266. 

335.  390.  436. 

Literary  men,  their  poverty,  506. 
Literary  pensions,  322.  453. 
L.  (J.)  on  legend  of  the  seven  sisters,  112. 
L.  (J.  H.)  on  Bede's  dying  words,  494.  , 

double  Christian  names,  276. 

—  epigram  on  cuckolds,  142. 
lines  attributed  to  Quin,  311. 


546 


IND  E  X. 


L.  (J.  H.)  on  "  Perverse  Widow,"  453. 
L.  (L  B.)  on  Grandison's  peerage,  412. 
Llewellyn  (Dr.),  noticed,  185.  251. 
L.  (M.)  on  Merchingbye  hermitage,  306. 

"  Tales  of  the  Fairies,"  128. 

L.  (Ma.)  on  aches,  54. 
—  clay  tobacco  pipes,  49. 

quotation,  288. 

L.  (N.)  on  "  Cur  moriatur  homo,"  454. 

Lob's  pound,  327. 

Loccan  on  medallic  queries,  444. 

recent  curiosities  of  literature,  169. 

Locke  (J.)  on  philological  ingenuity,  323. 
Lodrynton  (William  de),  144. 
Lofift  (Capel)  and  Napoleon,  219. 
Long  (C.  A.)  on  calotype  process,  14. 
Longevity,  J49.  489. 

in  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  401. 

Longfellow,  its  suggested  derivation,  414. 
Longfellow's  Golden  Legend,  457.  481. 

originality,  309. 

Loto,  or  lotho,  explained,  187. 

Louvre  explained,  1 1. 

"  Love,"  an  article  of  dress,  206.  294. 

Lovelace  (Richard),  his  death,  446.  532. 

Lover's  song  :  "  A  baby  was  sleeping,"  £62. 

Lower  (Mark  Antony)  on  tiplers,  314. 

L.  (S.)  on  Lord  Sandwich,  465. 

Swift's  letters,  219. 

L.  (T.)  on  Pope's  Dunciad.  219. 

L.  (T.  G.)  on  the  noted  Westons,  354. 

L.  (T.  P.)  on  Radcliff  pedigree,  216. 

Lubin  (Eilhard),  philologist,  347. 

Lucas    (J.  D.)    on    brothers   of  the  same 

Christian  name,  31. 
Luce,  a  fish,  88.  252. 
Luke  ii.  14.,  Vulgate  translation,  185.  254. 

355. 

L.  (W.)  on  Leonard  Welsted,  104. 
Lyte  (F.  Maxwell)  on  collodion  process,  511. 
— —  instantaneous  process,  151. 
— —  photographs  at  Paris  exhibition,  271. 


M. 

M.  on  apparent  magnitude,  395. 

—  biographies  of  living  authors,  220.  451. 
"  Commentarii  de  Scriptoribus  Britan.," 

88. 

Cornish  words,  354. 

De  bene  esse,  403. 

—  Dolland's  telescopes,  294. 
Franklin's  parable,  82. 

Gorton's  Biographical  Dictionary,  402. 

"  Great  events  from  little  causes,"  294. 

Pemberton  and  Newton,  181. 

plurality  of  worlds,  140. 

Poor  Voter's  song,  £85. 

Pope's  Dunciad,  ]67. 

—  reckoning  by  nights,  221. 

Rule  Britannia,  315. 

Swift  and  leap-year,  242. 

—  typography,  343. 
white  slavery, 306. 

M.  (2.)  on  the  word  "  Oriel,"  391. 

M.  (A.)  on  typography  for  the  blind,  464. 

M.  A.  Oxon,  on  Oxford  jeu  d'esprit,  431. 

M.  A.  and  A.  M.  degree,  74.  332. 

M.  (A.  B. )  on  degree  of  A.  M.,  74. 

M.  (A.  C.)  on  "  Ecrasez  1'Infame,"  493. 

Goucho,  or  Guacho,  346. 

Macaulay  on  the  Italian  language,  420. 
MacCabe  (W.  B.)  on  Don  Quixote,  407. 
MacCulloch  (Edgar)  on  barristers'  gowns, 
213. 

De  Montfort  arms,  3S6. 

ecclesiastical  maps,  412. 

flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  98. 

—  taret,  an  insect,  411. 
Maceroni  (Col.),  noticed,  153. 

Mackey  (  Luke)  on  Captain  Cook's  descend- 
ants, 95! 
Maciay  (J.)  on  Brydone  and  Mount  Etna, 

131. 
Darling's   Cyclopaedia  Bibliographica, 

373. 

De  Stael  (Madame),  55. 

fountains,  works  on  foreign,  256. 


Macray  (J.)  on  Highlands  of  Scotland  and 
German  Archipelago,  180. 

Klaproth's  China,  266. 

metals  transmuted,  69. 

nationality  and  patriotism,  232. 

Nicholas,  Emperor  of  Russia,  and  the 

late  King  of  Prussia,  380. 

Russian  language  at  Oxford,  403. 

school  libraries,  101. 

Voltaire,  Southey,  and  De  Morgan,  425. 

Macray  ( W.  D.)  on  Patrick  Carey,  172. 

View  of  Dumfries,  135. 

Madan  (Martin),  noticed, 313. 

Madrid,  inquisition  at,  122.  137.  246. 

Maillet  (Benedi  t  de),  noticed,  186. 

Maitland  (Dr.  S.  R. )  on  clairvoyance,  7. 

Maiden  (H.  C.)  on  nought  and  naught,  355. 

Malone's  Notes  on  Milton's  Letters  of 
State,  28. 

Maltese  knights,  177.  200.  378.  437. 

Mandeville  (Bernard),  noticed,  129.  214. 

Mangles'  Travels,  suggested  as  a  reprint, 
514. 

Manners,  costume,  &c.,  23.  81.  178. 

Manning  (C.  R.)  on  correction  in  "  Monu- 
mental Brasses,"  195. 

Manscll  (T.  L.)  on  the  fashion  of  Brittany, 
295. 

— —  preserving  sensitized  collodion  plates, 
411.492. 

Mantelpiece,  153.  334. 

Manuscripts,  miscellaneous,  28.  153. 

Maps,  ecclesiastical,  187.  374.  412. 

Maps  of  Rome,  223. 

Marchers  in  Wales,  305. 

Marino's  Prophecies,  486. 

Markland  (J.  H.)  on  double  Christian 
names,  133. 

.  Edwards  correspondence,  41. 

—  Pope's  Dunciad.  129. 

Marriage  custom  in  Derbyshire,  180.  295. 

at  Cranbrook  in  Kent,  181. 

Marrow-bones  and  cleavers,  87. 
Martin  (H.)   on  Sir  Thomas  Browne  and 
Bp.  Ken,  1 10. 

—  ecclesiastical  maps,  37-1. 

flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  375. 

"  Lord,  dismiss  us,"  &c.,431. 

Luke  ii.  14.,  355. 

— —  misprints,  curious,  521. 

nominal,  its  conventional  use,  486. 

— —  "  Polyanthea,"  326. 

reading-society  rhymes,  443. 

Martyn  on  William  de  Northie,87. 
Massingberd    (Oswald),    Maltese    knight, 

200. 

Massinger  (Philip),  his  burial  register,  206. 
Mathematical  bibliography,  3.  47.  190. 
Matrimonial  advertisements,  203. 
Malta  (Count  de),  138.  157. 
Maurice  of  Prendergast,  1 12. 
Maurice  (Rev.  Peter),  his  censure,  147. 
Mawkin,  a  scarecrow,  252. 
May-day  custom,  91. 
Mayhem,  or  Maihem,  its  meaning,  2C8. 
Mayor  (J.  E.  B.)  on  Ascham's  letters,  75. 

—  a  letter  of  Le  Neve  to  Baker,  and 

Bishop  Bancroft's  will,  42. 

Ferrar  (Nicholas),  and  George  Her- 
bert, 58. 

"  Incidis  in  Scyllam,"  &c.,  274. 

Le  Neve's  Fasti,  181. 

Mayor  of  Mylor,  263. 

M.  (C.)  on  Winchelsea  monuments,  165. 

M.  (D.)  on  unregistered  proverb,  355. 

M.  (E.)  on  the  noted  Westons,  354. 

Medal  of  the  peace  of  Utrecht,  15.  94. 

Medallic  queries,  444. 

Mediaeval  vessels,  206. 

Medical  superstitions,  399. 

Medicus  on  Richard  Wiseman,  424. 

Meekius  (Mossom)  on  Pictaveuf,  162. 

Memor  on  Canaletto,  315. 

Mendelssohn,  his  Life,  89. 

Mendip,  co.  Somerset,  map  of,  103. 

Merchingbye  hermitage,  306. 

Merritt  (T.  L.)  on  photographic  hints,  51. 

Meta  on  blow- wells  at  Tetney,  208. 

Metals,  can  they  be  transmuted  ?  8.  69. 


Mewburn  (Fra.)  on  ceremony  at  Queen's 

College,  Oxford,  306. 

dog-whippers,  188. 

heiress  of  Haddon  Hall,  16. 

M.  (H.)  on  forensic  jocularities,  71. 

marriages  between  cousins,  102. 

Michelsen  (Dr.  E.  H.)  on  jury,  383. 

versus  cancrinus,  204. 

"  Midas,  or  the  Surrey  Justice,"  a  print,  51. 

155.  275. 

Middleton  (F.  M.)  on  barristers'  gowns,  213. 
Chinese  proverbs  in  Crystal  Palace, 

46.294. 

female  parish  overseer,  45. 

Hampshire  provincialisms,  120.  400. 

Herodians,  135. 

monster  found  at  Maidstone,  274. 

"  Obedient  Yamen,"  288. 

—  rose  of  Sharon,  5C8. 

slavery  in  England,  39. 

trail-baston,  88. 

wedding  custom  at  Cranbrook,  181. 

Miller  (Philip)  the  gardener,  487. 

Milton  (John),  his  amours,  30. 

Boswell  and  Malone's  notes  on,  28. 

Coleridge's  lectures  on,  1. 

mother,  264. 

mulberry-tree  at  Cambridge,  46.  216. 

portraits  by  Richardson,  8. 

watch,  290. 

Mind-market  Gardener  on  the  poverty  of 
the  literati,  506. 

Ministerial  changes  of  1801  and  1804,  262. 

Minstrel  Court  of  Cheshire,  244. 

Minstrel  on  ballad  of  Richard  I.,  523. 

Misprints,  curious,  521. 

M.  (J.)  Camden,  on  Dr.  Benj.  Rush,  520. 

M.  (J.)  Edinburgh,  on  author  of  "  Paul 
Jones,"  65. 

Britaine  (William  de),  67. 

Elim  and  Maria,  263. 

Green's  Lives  of  the  Princesses,  322. 

.  Hamilton  (Sir  William),  61. 

M.  (J.)  Glasgow,  on  quotation  from  Young, 
129. 

M.  (J.)  Oxford,'  on  booksellers'  stock 
burned,  444. 

books  burnt  by  the  hangman,  527. 

Coleridge's  copy  of  Jacob  Bohmen, 

146. 

French  literature,  246. 

M.  (J.)  Sutton  Colilfield,  on  indices  of  the 
present  century,  267. 

M.  (J.)  Woburn,  on  the  Earl  of  Anglesey's 
library,  375. 

M.  (J.  H.)  on  Dryden  and  Addison,  452. 

M.  (J.  R.)  on  Land  of  Green  Ginger,  174. ' 

M.  (M.  P.)  on  the  opacity  of  collodion,  292. 

M'Nab  (Kennedy)  on  Orangeism,  145. 

Molines  of  Stoke-Poges,  444.  532. 

Monk,  legend  of  one,  66.  175. 

Monson  (Lord)  on  the  inquisition  at  Ma- 
drid, 246. 

Monster  found  at  Maidstone,  274. 

Monumental  brasses,  list  of,  361.  520. 

inscriptions,  62. 

Moon,  its  influence,  7.  156. 

Moon,  on  a  circle  round,  4G3. 

Moon  superstitions,  95.  181. 

Moore  (Thomas),  lines  on  Mrs.Tighe,  225. 
375. 

"  Notes  from  his  Letters,"  165. 

Moral  philosophy,  writers  on,  53. 

More  (Hannah)',  her  letter,  460. 

More  (  Sir  Thomas)  and  equity  suitors,  173. 
393. 

Morellam  and  migranatam  explained,  187. 

Morgan  (Professor  A.  De)  on  Boswell's 
arithmetic,  363. 

Christopher  Clavius,  158. 

mathematical  bibliography,  47. 

Southey  and  Voltaire,  282. 

Mormon  ism,  its  rise,  535. 

Morocco  (Emperor  of)  pensioned  by  Eng- 
land, 342.  510. 

Mortality  in  August,  304. 

M.  (P.  M.)  on  dog-whippers,  188. 

—  Derbyshire  folk  lore,  6. 

M.  (S.  J.)  on  James  Moore  Smyth,  459. 


INDEX. 


547 


Mudie  (Geo.),  his  Propositions,  287. 
Mulberry-trees  first  brought  to  England. 

342. 

Mummy,  its  medicinal  use,  447. 
Murray  of  Broughton,  145. 
M.  (W.  L.)  on  rules  of  precedence,  207. 
M.  (W.  M.)  on  black  livery  stockings,  103. 
M.  ( W.  P.)  on  Colonel  St.  Leger,  175. 
M.  (W.  T.I  on  confusion  of  authors,  394. 

Lord  High  Steward,  &c.,  45. 

"  Nil  actum  credens,"  &c  ,  367. 

M.  (W.  W.)  on  North  Curry  feast,  237. 
Myddleton  (Sir  Hugh),  his  brothers,  126. 

173. 

Myrtle  bee,  136.  354. 

M.  (Y.  S.)  on  halfpenny  of  George  II.,  423. 
— —  longevity,  150. 

Murray  of  Broughton,  145. 

Roche,  Lord  Fernoy,  185. 


N. 

N.  on  Harwood  the  composer,  362. 

"  Nagging,"  its  derivation,  29. 173.335. 

Nails,  paring  the,  190. 

Names,  reversible,  38. 

Napoleon's  compliment,  "Perfide  Albion," 

29. 

spelling,  94.  316. 

Napoleon  III.,  prophecy  respecting,  284. 

514. 

his  beard,  285. 

National  benefactors,  342. 

character  illustrated  by  proverbs,  384. 

Naught  and  nought,  355.  454. 
Neglectus  on  "  latten-jawed,"  116 
Negus  named  from  Col.  Francis  Negus,  10. 
Neiberg  (Count),  noticed,  265. 
,N.  (E.  L.)  on  family  of  the  PaltEologi,  494. 
Nelson  (Lord)  and  the  apple-woman,  422. 
— —  paper  by  him,  304. 
Nelson  (Robert),  his  monument,  67. 
Nemesis  on  General  Guyon,  355. 
Nemo  on  assault  on  George  IV.,  125. 
Nemo  (1)  on  speech  of  Lord  Derby,  289. 
Newburiensis  on  extract  from  Don  Juan, 

352. 

"  The  Poor  Voter's  Song,"  350. 

New-England  dialogue,  84. 

parish  registers,  3'39. 

Newspaper,  the  first  in  Dublin,  445. 
Newspapers  and  literary  phenomena,  462. 
Newspapers  in  America,  482. 
Newton  (Sir  Isaac)  and  Pemberton,  181. 
N.  (G. )  on  books  burnt  by  hangmen,  333. 
— —  branks,  154. 

burning  a  tooth  with  salt,  232. 

Burns  the  poet,  521. 

Charles  I.'s  relic*  at  Ashburnham,  245. 

devil's  dozen,  346.  531. 

divination  by  coffee-grounds,  53t. 

dog-whippers,  188. 

Ferrara  (Andrea),  412. 

"  Elim  and  Maria,"  414. 

forensic  jocularities,  314. 

"  golden  tooth,"  116. 

.         great  events  from  little  causes,  394. 

grammars  in  public  schools,  415. 

hat  salutation,  345. 

—  hogmanay,  54. 

—  James  ll.'s  writings,  485. 

minstrel  court  of  Cheshire,  244. 

.  mummy,  its  medicinal  use,  447. 

.  Povey  (Charles),  336. 

—  regimental  colours  burnt  by  the  hang- 

man, 343. 

— —  Ilobinson  Crusoe,  41S. 

p—  salutation  customs,  209. 

school-boy  formula,  210. 

tides  in  the  Baltic,  389. 

N.  (G.)  Glasgow,  on  Boston  ;  burdelyers, 
&C..291. 

N  (H.  D.)  on  prophecies  respecting  Con- 
stantinople, 147. 

N.  ( H.  E. )  on  "  De  bcne  esse,"  533. 

N.  (H.  I.)  on  burial  in  uucoiisecrated 
places,  394. 

Niagara,  or  Niagara,  533. 


Nicholas,  Emperor  of  Russia,  and  the  late 

King  of  Prussia,  380. 
Nicolson  (Bishop  William),  his  works,  245. 

332. 

Nights,  reckoning  by,  221. 
Noad  (Dr.),  his  lectures,  288. 
Noel   (Thomas)    on   "The    Poor    Voter's 

Song,"  453. 

Nominal,  its  conventional  use,  486. 
Noon,  its  derivation,  224. 
Norfolk  superstition,  88.  156.  253. 
Norman  (Harriet)  on  Cambridgeshire  folk 

lore,  321. 

North  Curry  feast,  237. 
North  (Lord)  and  George  III.,  52. 
Northumbrian  burr,  161. 
Nostradamus's  Prophecies,  486. 
Notaries,  brasses  of,  164.  474. 

.  notes  upon,  87.  110.  315. 

Notary  on  notaries,  87. 

"  Notes  &  Queries,"  a  General  Index,  362. 

Notes  on  keeping  notes,  317. 

Nova  Scotia,  first  granted,  68. 

Novus  on  archaic  words,  24. 

"  De  male  quassitis,"  216. 

travelling  photographers,  293. 

N.  (T  E.)  on  furnace  cinders,  387. 

Stockten  Hall,  306. 

N.  (T.  L.)  on  spilling  salt,  347. 

N.    (T.    M.)    on   "  Economy    of  Human 

Life,"  8. 
N.  (T.  S.)  on  Bermondsey  Abbey,  273. 

conqueror  of  the    gentlemen  of  the 

long  robe,  265. 

Keats's  Poems,  255. 

Nun  (St.),  her  well  in  Cornwall,  397. 

Nutcelle  monastery,  287.  376. 

N.  ( W.  L.)  on  "  Peter  Wilkins,"  112. 


O. 

Oaks,  their  age,  147. 

Oaths,  271. 

Oblige  pronounced  obleege.  142.  256.  356. 

Obtains,  its  legal  use,  115.  255.  472. 

Odd  Fellows,  work  on,  75. 

Odoherty  (Morgan), 96.  150.  233. 

Officer,  its  early  use,  305. 

OfFor  (Geo.)  on  Jah  in  Ps.  Ixviii.  4.,  133. 

reprints  of  early  Bibles,  11. 

Ogden  and  Westcott  families,  364. 
O.  (J.)  on  The  Ants,  a  Rhapsody,  8. 

—  awk,  example  of  its  use,  433. 

biographical  dictionaries,  451. 

books  burnt  by  the  hangman,  525. 

Cennick's  hymns,  293 

—  Drummond  (Capt.  Thomas),  125. 
Houlbrook  (Wm.),  the  Marlborough 

blacksmith,  286. 

Lindsay  (David),  390. 

Pasquin,  a  new  Allegorical  Romance, 

46. 

political  prophet  —  Elias  Habesci,483. 

Povey  (Charles),  7. 

"  Putting  a  spoke  in  his  wheel,"  54. 

Shakspeare  queries,  454. 

"  Virtue  and   Vice,"  an    anonymous 

treatise,  29. 

O.  (J.  M.)  on  first  Dublin  newspaper,  445. 
O.  (J.  P.)  on  artificial  ice,  290. 

epitaph  on  a  priest,  355. 

fashion  in  Brittany,  33*. 

Johnes  of  Abennarlais,  445. 

mantelpiece,  334. 

—  phosphoric  light,  334. 

"  Old  Dominion,"  or  Virginia,  114.  235. 

Old  Paris  Garden,  its  manor,  423. 

O'Melachlin,  king  of  Meath,  his  daughter, 
88. 

O' Moore  (Roger)  on  daughter  of  O'Me- 
lachlin, 88. 

Orangeism,  145. 

Orchard,  its  derivation,  50. 

"  Ordericus  Vitalis,"  by  Forester,  443. 

Oriel  explained,  391.  535. 

Orkney  charms,  220. 

Ormerod  (Geo.)  on  lordships  marchers  in 
Wales,  305. 


Ossian'g  Poems,  224.  489. 

Other,  its  early  use,  252.  533. 

Ought  and  aught,  173. 

"  Ould  Grouse  in  the  Gun  Room,"  223. 

Ouns  on  Chaucer's  parish  priest,  535. 

earthenware  at  Fountains  Abbey,  516. 

extract  from  Wilson's  poem,  353. 

—  "  Ipsa  Jovi  nemus,"  532. 

Oriel,  535. 

will  and  testament,  492. 

Oxford  jeu  d'esprit,  364.  431. 
Oxford  riding  academy,  185. 
Oxon  on  biographical  dictionaries,  451. 
Oxoniensis  on  Crivelli  the  painter,  89. 
Keble's  Christian  Year,  453. 


P. 


P.  qn  Frischlinus,  Lubinus,  &c.,  347. 
Padgentree,  or  bird-catching,  221. 
Paint  on  buildings,  when  first  used,  65. 
Palaeologi,  their  extinction,  134.  351.  409. 

494. 
Paleario's     Treatise    on    the    Benefit    of 

Christ,  384.  406.  447. 
Palindromic  verses,  36. 
Pall  Mall,  461. 
Pancras  (St.),  churches  dedicated  to  him, 

508. 

Paoli  (Pascal),  his  burial-place,  2S9. 
Paper  of  Tobacco,  23. 
Pappus  (John),  Lutheran  divine,  367. 
Parallel  passages,  325. 
Parish  registers,  337. 
Parker   (J.  H.)  on  dedications  of  Suffolk 

churches,  45. 
Parochial  libraries,  213. 
Parsons,  or  Persons  (Robert),  noticed,  8.  68. 

130.  270. 
Party-similes  of  the  seventeenth  century, 

260.  282. 

Pasigraphy  by  Mr.  Dow,  445. 
Passports  to  Austria,  165.  • 

Pastoral  staff  of  bishops,  102.  227. 
Paterson  ( Wm.),  founder  of  the  Bank,  102 

273. 
Patonce  on  Bruce  family,  387. 

Hildrop's  "  Obsolete  Statutes,"  36. 

Pax  pennies  of  William  the  Conqueror,  36. 

213. 

P.  (D.)  on  "  Cur  moriatur  homo,"  454. 
Peacock  (Edward)  on  brothers  of  the  same 
Christian  name,  31. 

earthenware  at  Fountains  Abbey,  330. 

hydropathy,  107. 

—  longevity,  489. 

monumental  inscription,  242. 

Pedagogic  ingenuity,  401. 
Pedigrees,  forged,  255. 
Pemberton  and  Newton,  181. 
Pengwern  Hall  in  Wales,  105. 
Pensions  to  literary  men,  32i.  453. 
Peny-post  between  1769 — 1772,  523. 
Pepys's  Diary,  notes  on,  2. 
Perspective,  1 12. 

"  Perverse  Widow,"  note  on,  Ifil.  234.  453. 
Pescatora  on  fishing  season  in  Italy,  346. 
Peter  (St.),  of  what  tribe  ?  207. 
Peter's  (St.)  at  Rome,  3S6.  434. 
P.  (H.)  on  anonymous  author,  288. 

arms,  early  grants  of,  3-'6. 

coronation  custom,  13. 

—  episcopal  salutation,  123. 

"  He  who  fights  and  runs  away,"  333. 
>oetical  tavern  sign,  329. 
'lato  and  Aristotle,  125. 
Pope  sitting  on  the  altar,  161. 
Phalanthus,  a  poem,  243. 
Pharetram  de  Tutesbit,  173 
Phelps  (Jos.  Lloyd)  on   Cromwcli's   Irish 

grants,  365. 

Philips  (John),  his  Ode  to  St  John,  44. 
Philips  (J.  S.)  on  Dombey  and  Son,  1U1. 

Hesiodand  Matt.  v.'43.,  7. 

Philological  ingenuity,  f.23. 
Philologus    on    two   brother)    with  snnie 
Christian  name,  513. 


po 

PI; 


548 


INDEX. 


Phipps  family,  305. 
Phosphoric  light,  147.  33*. 
Photo  on  fading  positives,  151. 
PHOTOGRAPHY : — 

albumenized  process,  331. 

anthropology  and  photography,  212. 

bichloride  of  mercury,  313. 

bitumen  of  Juda?a,  393. 

Brewster  (Sir  D.),  his  affidavit  on  the 
calotype  process,  34. 

bromide  of  silver,  410.  429.  472. 

Buckle's  brush,  192.  272.  313.  352.  373. 

calotype  process,  14.  34.  293. 

camera,  a  new  form  suggested,  171. 

cavils  of  photographers,  372.  410. 

collodion,  opacity  of,  292. 

collodion,  restoration  of  old,  272. 

collodion  plates,  111.  172.  372.  411. 452. 
492. 

Cundall's  Photographic  Primer,  251. 

German,  331.  491. 

glucose,  293. 

grape  sugar,  313. 

heliographic  engraving,  313. 

Herschel  (Sir  J.),  his  aflidavit  on  the 
calotype  process,  35. 

hints,  51. 

iodizing  paper,  192. 

Lespiault's  turpentine- wax- paper  pro- 
cess 92 

Lyte's  process,  51.  73.  111.  133.  151.  511. 

manuals  of  photography,  212. 

mounting    with    Indian-rubber   xlue, 
251. 

observation  instrument,  352. 

paper  for  photography,  15. 

Paris  exhibition,  271. 

patents  for  discoveries,  293. 

pins,  substitute  for,  15. 

Plant's  camera,  73. 

positives,  fading  of,  151. 

preparations,  293.  331. 

Keade  (J.  B.),  his  letter  to  H.  F.  Tal- 


bot,*!. 

tugfield's 


Sedgfield's  Photographic  Delineations. 

516.] 

skies,  intense,  472. 
solution,  its  strength,  472. 
spots  on  collodion  negatives,  512. 
sugar  of  milk,  313. 
Talbot  (Mr.  Fox.),  his  process,  15.  34. 

230.  429.  528. 

Talbot  ver.  Laroche,  their  trial,  528. 
tests  for  intensity  of  light,  51. 
travelling  photographers,  293. 
unanimity  among  photographers,  372. 

410. 

washing  of  paper  positives,  251. 
waxing  positives,  112. 
wax-paper  process,  73.  172.  491. 
wood  engraving,  132. 

Phrenology  partly  anticipated,  6. 

<1>.  (T.)  on  descendants  of  Sir  Matthew 
Hale,  473. 

Pictaveus  —  Tankersley,  162.  355. 

Pilgrimages,  modern,  25. 

Pillars  resting  on  animals,  7. 

Pines  brought  to  England,  312. 

Pinkerton(W.)  on  black  rat,  335. 

christening  ships,  272. 

•         Irish  newspapers,  473. 

Pismire,  its  derivation,  398. 

Pistols  cocked  before  royalty,  401. 

"  Pizarro,"  by  R.  Westall,  It.  A.,  289. 

p.  (J.)  on  anastatic  printing,  423. 

"  Charity  begins  at  home, "403. 

Chaucer's  parish  priest,  L-87. 

evil  eye  in  Scripture,  <S:c.,  115. 

drinking  from  seven  glasses,  388. 

two  quotation?,  464. 

P.  (J.)  jun.  on  "  cash,"  255. 

P.  (J.  B.)  on  the  characters  of  Don  Quix- 
ote, 343. 

Play-bill,  supposed  early  one,  99. 

•"'laying  cards,  4f>3. 

Plantagenets,  their  demoniacal  descent,  37. 

Pliunptre  (Rev.  James),  his  papers,  104. 

Plurality  of  worlds,  HO. 


P.  (M.)  on  impossibilities  of  history,  415. 
two  brothers  of  the  same   Christian 

name,  432. 
P.  (M.  E.)  on  Murray's  edition  of  Pope, 

258. 

P.  (N.  E.)  on  peny-post,  523. 
P.  (O.)  on  Pope's  Odyssey,  112. 
Pocklington  (Dr.  John),  his  arms,  37. 
Pocock  (Richard)  the  orientalist,  287. 
Pole  (Edw.)  on  old  Cornish  song,  371. 
"  Political  Register,"  its  origin,  &c.,  423. 

492. 
Polperro  provincialisms,  178.  300.  318.  354. 

358.  376.  414.  418.  440.  479. 
Polygamy  among  the  Turks,  29.  154. 
Ponds  for  insects,  66. 
Pope  sitting  on  the  altar,  161.  273.  34S.  534. 

POPIANA  :  — 

Dunciad,  65.    109.   12P.  148.  165.  194. 

197.  217—219.  238,  239.  257.  277.  298. 

358.  418. 
Dunciad,  collated    editions,  477.  497. 

517. 
Dunciad,  entries  at  Stationers'  Hall, 

519. 

Essay  on  Man,  258.  479. 
Ethic  Epistles,  142.  218. 
Imitation  of  Horace's  Epistle  to  Au- 
gustus, 418. 

inscription  on  a  punch-bowl,  258. 
Longleat  copies,  148.219. 
Murray's  projected  edition  of  Pope's 

Works,  258. 
Odyssey,  41.  112. 

Orme's  notes  to  Pope's  Works,  417. 
Pope  and  the  pirates,  197. 
Pope  and  his  printers,  217. 
Pope's  mother,  299.  358.  479. 
Pope's  nurse,  239. 
Pope's  quarrels,  277.  298. 
Pope's  skull,  418.  458.  478. 
Satirical  prints  of  Pope,  458.  479. 
Smyth  (James  Moore),  102.  238.  459. 
Sober  advice  from  Horace,  418. 
Warburton's  edition  of  Pope,  41.  90. 

108.  218,  219. 
Welstead  (Leonard)  of  the  Dunciad, 

101. 

Porter,  a  drink,  earliest  notice  of,  123. 

Postage,  cheap,  442. 

Post-office  stamps,  errors  in,  284. 

Potatoes  first  brought  to  England,  342. 

Potter  (Thomas  H.)  on  an  ancient  bell,  123. 

ballad.  "  The  Brownie  Girl,"  127. 

Rev.  Peter  Fraser,  14(1 

Povey  (Charles)  noticed,  7-  155.  336. 

Powell  (Charles  F.)  on  brasses  of  notaries, 
474. 

Powell  (Thomas),  his  Repertory  of  lie- 
cords,  366. 

Pownall  (Governor),  author  of  Junius. 
324. 

P.  (P.)  on  decalogue  in  churches,  3S7. 

factitious  pedigrees,  255. 

heraldic  quarterings,  54. 

Preston  customs,  55. 

P.  (P.T.)  on  Pope  and  his  printers,  217. 
258.  358. 

P.  (R.)  on  Morgan  Odoherty,  150. 

orchard,  its  derivation,  50. 

Pre-RaffnelUm,  6.  93. 

Pray  IT- liook  Preface,  406. 

Prayer-Books,  pictorial  editions,  212. 

Prayer,  occasional  forms  of,  217.  341.  439. 

Precedence,  rules  of,  2u7.  352. 

Predictions,  curious,  104.  4i9. 

Preen,  or  Prene,  in  Shropshire,  347. 

Prelates  translated  from  York  to  Canter- 
bury, 147. 

Prester  John,  186. 

Preston,  peculiar  customs  at,  55. 

Prestoniensis  on  reversible  names,  38. 

Pretsch  (I'aul)  on  German  photography, 

491. 

Pretty  (E.)  on  Roman  inscription,  431. 
Price  (11. )  on  parallel  passages,  325. 
pedagogic  ingenuity.  4'J1. 


Priest,  epitaph  on  one,  100.  355. 

Prim  (Gen.)  noticed,  £87.  412.  513. 

Printers'  marks,  445. 

Prior's  epitaph  on  himself,  216. 

Pritchard's  ship,  345. 

Prophet,  a  political  one,  483. 

Prostitution  a  religious  ordinance,  245. 

PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES  :  — 

Better  suffer  than  revenge,  305. 

Charity  begins  at  home,  403. 

Cork  —  "  It   is    nothing    but   cork, 

1^8. 
Crawley  Got!  help  us,  &c.,  223. 


Ex  quovii  ligno  non   fit  Mercurius, 

527. 

Feather  in  his  cap,  315. 
Gib  or  jib  —  ••  The  cut  of  his  jib," 

482. 

Gun  —  "  As  sure  as  a  gun,"  264. 
He  has  hung  up  his  hat,  203. 
Jump  for  joy,  112. 
Non  ex  quolibet  ligno  Mercurius,  447. 

527.      ' 

Nose  of  wax,  235. 
Now-a-days,  487. 
Old  bird  not  to  be  caught  with  chaff, 

343. 

Otium  cum  dignitate,  166. 
Over  the  left,  236. 
Pig  in  a  poke,  187. 
Putting  a  spoke  in  his  wheel,  54. 
Riding  bodkin,  524. 
The  public  never  blushes,  185. 
Tickill,  God  help  me,  223. 
Tit  for  tat,  524. 

To  get  upon  one's  high  horse,  242. 
To  lie  at  the  catch,  135. 
Unregistered  proverbs,  210.  555. 
Warwickshire  proverbs,  68. 
Whistling  for  the  wind,  SOi'i. 
Widdecombe  folks  arc   picking  their 

geese,  173. 

Proverbs  illustrative  of  national  character. 
384. 

works  on  English,  389. 

Provincialisms,  120.  178.  256.  300.  318.  S5S. 

400.  414.  418.  440.  479. 
at  Polperro,   178.  300.  318.   354.   358. 

414.  418.  440.479. 
Proxies  for  absent  sponsors,  154. 
Psalm  Ixviii.  4.,  misprinted,  104.  133.' 
Psalm  xc.  5  ,  its  translation,  70. 
Psalms,  authors  of  the  Old  Version,  365. 
P.  (S.  R.)  on  cannon  used  at  Crecy,  306. 

crooked  sixpence,  505. 

fish-money,  364. 

St.  Maudit's  well,  322. 

tallies,  their  modern  use,  485. 

Publicans  in  Jewish  history,  223. 

Pulci's  alliteration,  3t>4. 

Pulpit  hour-glasses,  38. 

Pulpit  pun,  285. 

Punch  or  Paunch,  its  origin,  84. 

Punctuation,  482. 

Puritan  antipathy  to  custard,  174. 

Puritan  similes,  582. 

Puteo  (Caroius  Antonius  de),507. 

P.  (W.)  on  Herring's  Rules  for  the  Plague, 

509. 

P.  (W.  F.)  on  Bcc'.c's  dying  words,  £29. 
P.  (W.  H.  G.)  on  Raphael's  cartoons,  iJ5. 


Q. 

Q.  on  A  per  se,  474. 

Aristotle,  451. 

conjurer,  its  old  meaning,  472. 

fadeless,  5u7. 

harlot,  494. 

laritern-j.uvs,  474. 

Lord  Brougham  and  Home   Tooko, 

74. 
obtain,  its  conventional  use,  472. 


INDEX. 


549 


Q.  on  rather,  its  conventional  use,  455. 

talented.  493. 

while  and  wile,  493. 

Q.  in  a  Corner  on  a  point  of  etiquette,  207. 
Qujestor  on  Rev.  Griffith  Higgs,  266. 

topographical  etymology,  266. 

photography  in  Germany,  331. 

Queen,  quean,  crone,  their  signification, 

399. 
Queen's   College,   Oxford,   ceremony   at, 

306. 

Querist  on  riding  academy  in  Oxford,  185. 
Quiutus  Calaber,  English  version,  345. 

QUOTATIONS  from  Plato  and  Aristotle,  125. 

274. 
All  men    think  all  men  mortal    but 

themselves,  129. 
Condendaque  Lexica,  &c.,  116. 
Credo,  Domine,  &c.,  163.  314. 
Cur  moriatur  homo,  327.  454. 
De  male  qusesitis  vix  gaudet  tertius 

hsres,  113.  216. 

Ecce  stat  innocuis  spinis,  &c.,  24-3. 
Emori  nolo,  sed  me  esse  mortuum,  &c., 

36. 
ErasdorfTs  fame  unfurl'd  before  you, 

103.  392. 
Felix    quern    faciunt    aliena    pericula 

cautum,  235. 

For  he  that  rights  and  runs  away,  135. 
Forgive,  blest  shade,  94.  133.  152.  214. 
Give,  give!  the  sun  gives  ever,  288. 
Great  I  must  call  him,  28S.  356. 
Her  mouth  a  rosebud  filled  with  snow, 

288. 

He  that  fights  and  runs  away,  101.  333. 
Hope  is  not   prophecy.     We  dream, 

288. 

I  lived  doubtful,  not  dissolute,  461. 
Ill  habits  gather  by  unseen  degrees. 

96. 

Incidis  in  Scyllam,  &c.,  274. 
In  time  of  need,  few  friends  a  man 

shall  find,  7.  254. 
Ipsa  Jovi  nemus,  382.  475. 
Life  is  a  comedy,  464. 
Lord,    dismiss   us   with  thy  blessing, 

288.  431. 
Lucas,    Evangelii    et   medicinal,  &c., 

243.  512. 

Lux  vitas,  pastus  cordis,  &c.,  243. 
My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is,  .'3J5. 
Never  more  shall  my  footsteps,   &c., 

145. 

Nil  actum  credens,  &c.,  367. 
Obedient  Yamen,  2:8.  353. 
On  the  green  slope,  288.  353. 
One  poet  is  another's  plagiary,  464. 
Pereant  qui  ante  nos  nostra  dixerunt, 

464. 

Plus  occidit  gula,  &c.,  530. 
Quid  facies,  facies  Veneris,  £c.,  173. 
lies  ea  sacra,  miser,  288. 

Send  me  tribute,  or  else ,  &c.,  38. 

Son  of  the  morning,  whither  art  thou 

fled ?  464. 

Temptation  and  selfishness,  385. 
The  Devil  hath  not  in  all  iiis  quiver's 

choice,  288.  &~>2. 

The  Devil  sits  in  his  easy  chair,  8. 
The  storm  that  wrecks  the  winter  sky, 

288.  353. 
The  sweet  shady  side  of  Pall   Mall, 

4C4. 

What  saith  the  whispering  winds,  288. 
When  meekness  beams  upon  a  Thur- 
low's  brow,  2i>8. 


R.  on  Talbotype  queries,  429. 
11.  (A.  B.)  on  the  Drake  and  the  Dogger, 
220. 

Perrott  (Sir  John),  his  Life,  474. 

remarkable  prophecy,  284 

Howley  and  Hudibras,  326. 

Railroads,  the  earliest,  365. 


Rainbow,  a  remarkable  one,  228. 

Kaleigh    (Sir    Walter),    his   descendants, 

373.  475. 
Ranby  (John)    on  "  Gun-shot    wounds," 

347. 

Raphael's  cartoons,  45.  152.  189.  293.  435. 
Ratcliffe  (Sir  Richard),  164.  216.  331.  475. 
Rather,  its  old  meaning,  252.  455.  533. 
Rawlinson  (R.)  on  Boswell's  arithmetic, 

472. 
—  burial  of  regimental  colours,  508. 

Northern  Counties  folk  lore,  180. 

Rayments,  what  ?  182.  292. 

Kaymonde  de  Sabunde,  noticed,  207. 

R.  (C.  J.)  on  Rowe  family,  325. 

Reade  (J.  B.)  on  bromo-iodide  of  silver, 

472. 

Reckoning  by  nights,  221.  376. 
Redding  (Cyrus)    on    Russian    language, 

Redmond  (Thos.)  on  astronomical  query, 
243. 

Reed  (Charles)  on  Glasgow  city  arms, 
326. 

Reeve  (W.  N.)  on  hand-grenades,  206. 

Refugees,  French,  18. 

11.  (E.  G.)  on  affiers,  alefounders,  307. 

Dr.  Thomas  Fuller,  245. 

femble-hemp,  292. 

school-boy  formula,  369. 

Thau,  a  symbol,  375. 

Regimental  colours,  their  burial,  508. 

burnt  by  the  hangman,  343. 

Registers,  parish,  337. 

Registration  act  and  baptismal  names,  144. 
193.  231. 

Remigius  Van  Lemnut,  his  descendants. 
128. 

Reprints  suggested :  —  "  Mangles'  Tra- 
vels," 514. 

Review,  designation  of  works  under,  473. 

Revolution  of  1688,  song  of,  423. 

Reynolds  (Thos.),  Bishop  of  Hereford, 
353. 

R.  (F.)  on  the  Boyle  Lectures,  531. 

It.  (F.  R.)  on  standard-bearer  of  the  Con- 
queror, 432. 

R.  (F.  S.)  on  anonymous  quotation,  385. 

R.  (F.  W.)  on  inscriptions  in  books,  309. 

Rhadamanthus  on  Abbey  of  Aberbrothock, 
11. 

Rhodes  (C.  G.)  on  St.  Cyprian's  Ugbrooke, 
146. 

Rhymes,  counting  out,  124.  210.  369. 

liibbans  (Fred.)  on  epitaph  in  Lavenham 
Church,  50. 

Ricardus  on  sandbanks,  5')8. 

Rich  (Col.  Sir  Robert)  noticed,  1G. 

Richard  I.,  ballad  of,  523. 

Richard  III.,  his  sons,  155. 

Riley  (Henry  T.)  on  King  Arthur's  re- 
mains, 15n. 

Ayree  (Philip),  184. 

blackguard  boys,  204. 

canker,  or  briar  rose,  153. 

—  Chaucer  and  Mr.  Emerson,  135. 

cross  and  pile,  181. 

Crpyland,  its  epithets,  143. 

"  For  he  that  lights  and  runs  awav," 

135. 

gavelkind  in  Croyland^  163. 

Gray  and  Stephen  Duck,  160. 

haberdasher,  ;;(>i. 

Hyde  (Etlw.),  Earl  of  Clarendon,  163. 

Indian  rubber,  2u4. 

Irish  characters  on  the  stage,  135. 

Maurice  (Rev.  Peter),  147. 

"  No  hath  not,"  ii5J. 

Northumbrian  burr,  161. 

oblige  pronounced  obleege,  142. 

Pharetram  de  Tiitfsbit,  173. 

porter,  its  earliest  notice,  123. 

prelates  translated  from  York  to  Can- 
terbury, 147. 

Puritan  antipathy  to  custard,  174. 

Richard  III.,  his  sons,  155. 

sculptor  at  Charing  Cross,  187. 

sword-swallowing  among  the  ancients, 

195. 


Riley  (Henry  T.)  on  Tabard  and  Talbot,  182. 

tace,  Latin  for  a  candle,  173. 

"  Tickhill,  God  help  me,"  223. 

"  To  lie  at  the  catch,"  135. 

Widdecombe  folks  picking  geese,  173. 

Rings,  silver,  their  earliest  use,  206. 
R.  (I.  R.)  on  curious  prints,  51. 

song,  "  If  the  coach  goes  at  nine,"  52. 

Rix  (Joseph)  on  constables'  entries,  61. 
— —  dog-whippers,  188. 
Rix  (S.  W.)  on  Gen.  Washington  and  Dr. 
Gordon,  144. 

refuge  in  church  porch,  255. 

R.  (J.)  on  chare,  or  char,  513. 

R.  (J.  C.)  on  adjuration  of  bees,  321. 

"  Die  Heiligen,"  &c.,  326. 

Nutcelle  monastery,  287. 

R.  (J.  P.)  on  Spanish  epigram,  445. 
R.  (L.  M.  M.)  on   Druidical  remains  in 
Warwickshire,  508. 

Druids  and  Druidism,  104. 

Druid's  circle,  524. 

Pretender's  house  at  Derby,  105. 

Scottish  songs,  126. 

serpent's  egg,  508. 

R.  (M.  H.)  on  inn  signs,  214. 

pillars  resting  on  animals,  7. 

Pulci's  alliteration,  304. 

"  Robinson  Crusoe,"  who  wrote  it  ?  345. 
448. 

Robinson  (Long  Sir  Thomas),  161.  29t. 

Robson  (John)  on  founding-pot,  514. 

Roche,  Lord  Fernoy,  185. 

Rock  (Dr.)  on  holy-loaf  money,  487. 

St.  Tellant,  514. 

RofFe  (Alfred)  on  books  of  emblems,  474. 

Rogers's  Poems  with  MS.  notes,  203. 

Rolf  (Thomas),  noticed,  103.  195. 

Roman  Catholic  divorces,  326.  427. 

Roman  inscription  found  at  Chester,  205. 
431. 

Roman  roads  in  Britain,  175. 

Romsley  Chapel,  co.  Salop,  stone  carvings, 
464. 

Rose  of  Sharon,  508. 

Rose-trees,  507. 

Rota  club,  297. 

Roubilliac's  statue  of  Cicero,  326. 

Rous  (Francis),  his  will,  39.  154. 

Rowe  family,  325.  433. 

Rowley  and'  Hudibras,  32i>. 

Rowley,  Old,  274. 

R.  (P.)  on  Political  Register,  492. 

R.  (R.)  on  Royal  Recollections,  465. 

Sevastopol,  492. 

R.  (S. )  on  hogmanay,  54. 

Lindsay  court-house  inscription,  273. 

R.  (S.  John)  on  marrow-bones  and  cleavers, 
87. 

R.  (T.  S.  B.)  on  negus,  a  beverage,  10. 

Rubrical  query,  127.  234. 

Rupicastrensis  on  Venerable  Bede,  139. 

Rush  (Dr.  Benjamin),  letter  by  him,  520. 

Kuss  on  national  proverbs,  384. 

Russia  and  the  Ottoman  Empire,  483,  484. 

Russian  civilisation,  362. 

emperors,  94. 

envoy,  the  first  English,  127.  2(,<).  348. 

o!2. 

language,  145.  191. 

l;:i]^ua«?c  at  Oxford,  40". 

R.  ( W. )  on  l-'itchett's  Alfred  the  Great,  215. 

R.  (W.  11.)  on  a  quotation,  404. 

R.   (W.  N.)  on  Pope's  "modest  Foster," 
524. 


S.  on  King  Dagobert's  revenge,  503. 
2.  on  letter  of  J.unc's  II.  to  Mary,  li.i. 
2.  (1.)  on  Fitchett  s  King  Alfred,  102. 

George  111.  an  author  on  agriculture, 

46. 

Ifkyll  and  the  Tear?  ofthe  Cruets,  125. 

Whitelocke's  sepulture,  54. 

S.  (A.)  on  Richard  Lovelace,  446. 
"  Star  ofthe  twilight  grey,"  445. 
S.  and  St.  abbreviation,  347. 
Sabbatine  bull,  163. 


550 


INDEX. 


St.  Clair  (Haughmond)  on  whistling  for 

the  wind,  30-i. 
St.  Cross  hospital,  Winchester,  183.  381. 

list  of  masters,  299.  473. 

St.  John  pedigree,  404. 

St.  Leger  (Colonel),  noticed,  95.376. 

St.  Matthew's  Day,  distich  on,  321. 

St.  Maudit's  well,  3s2. 

St.  Nun's  well,  Cornwall,  397. 

Sage    (E.  J.)    on    London    topographical 

Queries,  147. 

Pope's  Ethic  Epistles,  142. 

— -  Stowe    (Mrs.)   error  in  her  "Sunny 

Memories,"  302.  ' 
Salmon  bred  from  spawn,  145. 
Salmon    (R.  S )  on   melodrama  by   Lord 

Byron,  305. 

Registration  Act.  234. 

Scott  (Sir  Walter)  and  Thomas  Hood, 

325. 

"  The  Village  Lawyer,"  194. 

Salop  on  Caynton-house,  near  Shiffnall,  87. 
Salopian  pedigrees,  67. 
Salt,  custom  connected  with,  8. 
Salt,  ill-luck  on  spilling,  347. 
Salt  placed  on  the  chest  of  a  corpse,  395. 
Saltceller,  its  origin,  115. 
Salutation  after  sneezing,  421. 
Salutation  customs,  53.  126.  208. 
Salzmann  (C.  G.),  his  "  Elements  of  Mo- 
rality," 487. 

Sampson  (Thomas),  his  birthplace,  162. 
Sandbanks  at  the  mouths  of  rivers,  508. 
Sandilands  (James),  Maltese  knight,  201. 
Sandwich  (Lord)  and  the  Midenham  So- 
ciety, 465. 
Sansom  (J.)  on  "  A  per  se  A,"  122. 

—  Forester's  Ordericus  Vitalis,  443. 
longevity,  150. 

—  Lovelace's  death,  532. 

"  Quid  facies,"  &c.,  173. 

rubrical  query,  234. 

i         South's  Sermons,  515. 

•  storm  in  Devon,  128. 
Santiago  de  Compostella,  205. 

S.  (A  S.)  on  How's  wax-paper  process,  491. 

Sassanian  inscriptions,  104. 

Savile  of  Oakhampton,  508. 

Saxonicus  on  English  words  derived  from 

the  Saxon,  433. 

S.  (C.)  on  portrait  at  Shotesham  Park,  465. 
Scales  barony,  127. 
Scapula/,  Confraternity  of,  works  relating 

to,  164.  331. 

Scarlet  first  adopted  in  the  army,  127.  315. 
School-boy  formula,  124.  210.  369. 
School  libraries,  101.  254. 
Schoolmen  and  their  philosophy,  464. 
Scot  (Michael),  words  in,  explained.  187. 
Scott  (F.  J.)  on  Highland  regiment  dress, 

53. 
Scottish  ruins,  323. 

songs,  126.  216. 

Scott  (J.  J.)  on  Beckford's  Literary  Re- 
mains, 344. 

"Belted  Will"  — Lord  Howard,*341. 

.         Druids  and  Druidism,  214. 

Robinson  Crusoe,  345. 

Scott  (Rev.  Dr.)  noticed,  134. 

Scott  (Sir  Walter)  and  Thomas  Hood,  325. 

Scott  ( W.  H.)  on  clay  tob-icco-pipes,  211. 

miscellaneous  MSS.,  153. 

sword-blade  legends,  404. 

Scotus  on  Andrea  Ferrara,  531. 

Scottish  ruins,  323. 

. The  Siege  of  Sinope,  343. 

"  Scourge,"  edited  by  T.  Lewi:-',  2SO. 
"  Sculcoates  Gote,"  Hull,  4<J2.  493. 
S.  (D.)  on  death  and  sleep,  412. 

Jekyll's  "  Tears  of  the  Cruets,"  172. 

S.  (D.  R.)  on  Robert  Dingley,  367- 
S.  (D.  W.)  on  mantelpiece,  153. 
Seals,  books  relating  to,  485. 
Sebastopol,  or  Sevastopol,  444.  492. 

forts,  461. 

twenty  years  since,  342. 

S.  (E.  C.)  on  miscellaneous  manuscripts, 

28. 
Sedgmoor  battle,  320. 


S.  (E.  J.)  on  a  reference  to  a  bishop,  306. 
Selah,  its  meaning,  36. 
Selden  (John),  his  tombstone,  153.' 
Seleucus  on  mounting  with  Indian-rubber 
glue,  251. 

quotation,  28S. 

St.  Tellant,  265. 

washing  of  paper  positives,  251. 

Self-love,  that  arch -flatterer,  415. 

Selkirk  (Alex.)  and  Robinson  Crusoe, 448. 

Seller's  History  of  England,  509. 

Senex  on  "  Phalanthus,"  243. 

Sepulchral  inscriptions  in  the  condemned 

city  churches,  19. 

Sepulchral  monuments,  42.  152.  194. 
Serpent's  egg,  508. 
Serpents,  the  Isle  of,  262. 
Sevastopol,  see  Sebastopol. 
Seven  senses,  393. 
Seven  Sisters'  legend,  112. 
Seventh  son,  miraculous  powers  of,  26. 
S.  (F.)  on  poetical  tavern  sign,  329. 
S.  (F.  A.)  on  F.  S.  A.  or  F.  A.  S.,  465. 
S.  (G.)  on  sage  axiom,  327. 
S.  (G.  L.)  on  old  army  lists,  73. 

Fauntleroy's  execution,  233. 

Grymes  (Sir  Edward),  485. 

—  Oxford  jeu  d'esprit,  364. 

Shadbolt  ( Geo.)  on  collodionized  plates, 452. 

Lyte's  process,  73.  133. 

sensitive  collodionized  plates,  372. 

SHAKSPEARE  and  Lord  Bacon,  106. 
autograph,  443. 

was  he  a  Roman  Catholic  ?  85. 
bust,  346. 

Coleridge's  Lectures  on,  1. 21.  57.  373. 
Deverell's  notes  on  Shakspeare,  236. 
flowers  mentioned  by,  98.  225.  374. 
historical  plays,  68. 
noticed  in  Art^Historical  Dictionary, 

454. 
Passionate  Pilgrim,  367. 

Shakspeare  Club  works,  325. 

Sharp  practice,  343. 

Shelley's  Prometheus  Unbound,  37. 

Ships,  on  naming  them,  99. 

Shirley  (E.  Ph.)  on  collar  of  SS.,  357. 

— —  divination  by  coffee-grounds,  420. 

Shaw  (R.  J.)  on  churches  built  in  Leices- 
tershire, 193. 

Elizabeth  (Queen),  her  complexion, 

52. 

Ships,  on  christening,  66.  272. 

Shotesham  Park,  Norwich,  portrait  at,  465. 

Sigma  (1.)  on  "  Solyman,"  a  tragedy,  163. 

"  Trafalgar,  or  the  Sailor's  Play,"  145. 

Sigma  (Customs)  on  death  and  sleep,  229. 

Silence  of  the  sun  or  the  light,  122.  171. 

"  Silke  Saugen,"  an  engraving,  266. 

Simnels  explained,  393. 

Simpson  (Joseph)  on  moon  superstitions, 
95. 

Simpson  (W.  Sparrow)  on  book  inscrip- 
tion, 309. 

• preliminary  texts  in  church  service, 

329. 

Sinope,  the  Siege  of,  343. 

S.  (J.  D.)  on  Bryant  family,  535. 

derivation  of  "  harlot,"  411. 

gules,  a  lion  rampant  or,  415. 

"  Silke  Saugen,"  266. 

S.  (J.L.),sen.,  on  books  chained  in  churches, 
174. 

clever,  its  provincial  use,  522. 

S.  (J.  M.)  on  books  defectively-expressed, 
363. 

Russian  civilisation,  362. 

Zouaves,  471. 

Skynner  (Robert),  his  will,  377. 

Skyring  (G.  W.)  on  custom  connected  with 
salt,  S. 

Stoneham,  29. 

Slashers,  28th  regiment,  114. 

Slaughtering  cattle  in  towns,  287.  376.  434. 

Slavery  in  England,  39. 

in  Scotland  in  eighteenth  century,  322. 

Slavery,  white,  306. 


Smedley  (Dean),  the  diver  in  The  Dunciad, 

423. 
Smirke  (Edw.)  on  Bede's    dving    words, 

329. 

Smith  (Alfred)  on  faggot-vote,  403. 
Smith  festival,  463. 

Smith  (W.  J.  Bernhard)  on  artificial  ice, 
414. 

ballad  "  Lord  Thomas  and  Fair  An- 

net,"  214. 

Bell's  Editon  of  British  Poets,  459. 

cure  for  toothache,  6. 

flowers  mentioned  by  Shakspeare,  226. 

Irish  characters  on  the  stage,  194. 

stone  shot,  335. 

Smith's  Dictionaries  of  Antiquities,  errata, 

98. 

S.  (M.  N.)  on  calotype  views  of  interiors, 
293. 

"  Political  Register,"  423. 

Smyth  (James  Moore),  102.  238. 

Snagg  monument  at  Chiselhurst,  243. 

Sneezing,  salutation  after,  421. 

S.  (N.  W.)  on  water  cure  in  last  century, 

376. 
S.  (O.)  on  anointing  of  bishops,  102. 

army  precedence,  305. 

hour-glasses  in  pulpits,  38. 

—  military  titles,  511. 

Sob  on  Anglo-Saxon  typography,  248. 

Somersetshire  Incumbent  on  divining  rod, 

155. 

SONGS  AND  BALLADS  :  — 

A  fox  went  out  one  cloudy  night,  264. 
371. 

Charles  II.'s  escape,  340. 

Cornish  song,  264.  371. 

Cuckoo  song,  524. 

Emsdorffs  fame,  103.  392.  513. 

German  air,  composed  by  Major  An- 
dre, 79. 

Hood's  Song  of  the  Shirt,  325. 

If  the  coach  goes  at  nine,  &c.,  52.  172. 

I  love  unlovydde,  267. 

Lancashire,  158. 

Leather  bottle,  303. 

Lover's  song  :  "  A  baby  was  sleeping," 
262. 

Passtyme  with  good  Cumpanye,  267. 

Poor  Voter's  song,  285.  350.  453. 

Rattlin'  roaring  Willie,  325.  431. 

Revolution  of  1688,  423. 

Richard  I.,  523. 

Rule  Britannia,  222.  315. 

Scottish,  126.  216.  487. 

Spanish,  487. 

Star  of  the  twilight  grey,  445. 

"  The  Brownie  girl  saw  fair  Eleanor's 
blood,"  127.  314. 

Time  made  prisoner,  225. 

Ye  sexes  give  ear  to  my  fancy,  82. 

Sounds  heard  at  great  distances,  232. 

South  (Dr.),  anonymous  author  noticed  by 
him,  55. 

— —  extempore  prayers,  145. 

Sermons,  queries  in,  324.  515. 

Southey  and  Voltaire,  282.  425.  493. 

S.  (P.)  on  cases  of  VValkingham,  &c.,  66. 

Pope's  skull,  418. 

"  Spanish  Lady's  Love,"  its  hero,  273. 

Spanish  reformation,  works  on,  446.  530. 

treasure  frigates  captured  in  1804,  144. 

S.  (P.  C.  S.)  on  the  earliest  mention  of  the 
ballot,  297. 

Isle  of  Serpents,  262. 

Spenser  ( Edmund)  the  poet,  204. 

Fairy  Queen,  queries  on,  143.  370. 

Spirit-rapping  exposed,  4. 

Sprat  (Bishop),  his  birthplace,  84. 

20(Si5,  its  meaning,  116.  316  473. 

S.  (R.)  on  Rule  Britannia,  222. 

S.  (S.)  on  Hengrave  Church,  405. 

S.  (S.  A.)  on  a  quotation.  288. 

2.  (2.  A.)  on  maps  of  Rome,  223. 

S.  (S.  S.)  on  Harrington's  Historic  Anec- 
dotes, 446. 

occasional  forms  of  prayer,  247. 

Stackhousc  (Ii.ev.  Thomas),  484. 


INDEX. 


551 


Stae'l  (Madame  de)  noticed,  55. 

Standard  newspaper,  its  original  motto, 
151. 

Stanley  (John)  on  restoring  brasses,  104. 

Stanleys  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  325. 

Star  and  flowers,  263.  494.  530. 

Star  of  Bethlehem,  a  flower,  508. 

Stark  (William)  on  speech  less  deserter,  223. 

State  papers,  their  removal  to  the  new  Re- 
cord Offices,  455. 

Steamers  and  railways,  221. 

Stephens  (George)  on  Anglo-Saxon  typo- 
graphy, 4fi6. 

Stephens  (Henry)  on  inn  signs,  32. 

Stephens  (T.)  on  Dr.  Llewelyn,  251. 

Henry  of  Huntingdon,  317. 

Sternberg  (V.  T.)  on  an  old-world  village, 
501. 

Sternhold  and  Hopkins'  Psalms,  365. 

Stewart  on  Prince  Charles's  house  in 
Derby,  193. 

Stillwell  (John  P.)  'on  distances  at  which 
sounds  have  been  heard,  232. 

perspective,  112. 

Stockings,  black  livery,  103. 

Stockton  Hall,  origin  of  the  name,  306. 

Stoneham  family,  29. 

Stonehenge,  463. 

Stone  shot,  223.  335.  413. 

Stonyhurst  buck-hunt,  503. 

Storbating,  or  storbanting,  385. 

Storer  (W.  P.)  on  Longfellow.  414. 

—  occasional  forms  of  prayer,  247. 

Storey's  gate,  epigram  on,  123. 

Storm,  how  propitiated,  26. 

Storms  in  Devon,  128.  435. 

Storms,  ominous,  95. 

signs  of,  383. 

Story's  History  of  the  Wars  in  Ireland,  182. 

Stowe  (Mrs.)  her  "  Sunny  Memories,"  302. 

Stracey  (Charlotte)  on  flowers  mentioned 
by  Shakspeare,  226. 

S.  (T.  W.)  on  Chiselhurst  Church,  Kent, 
243. 

Subscriber  on  quotation,  288. 

recovery  after  execution,  233. 

Thompsons  of  Yorkshire,  244. 

Suffolk  churches,  their  dedications,  45.  95. 

Sultan  of  the  Crimea,  326.  453.  533. 

Sumart  (Orpheus)  the  clockmaker,  8. 

Sunday,  its  beginning  and  ending,  38. 

Sun  newspaper,  its  mottos,  10. 

Superstition  in  Devonshire,  321. 

Surnames  in  America,  59. 

Sutton  (A.)  on  Norfolk  superstition,  88. 

Swallows  as  letter-carriers,  506. 

Swedish  language,  259. 

S.  (W.  H.)  on  Sassanian  inscriptions,  104. 

Swift  (Dean),  Amory's  notice  of,  30. 

and  the  leap-year.  242. 

and  "  The  Taller,"  101).  16". 

his  cotemporaries,  459. 

The  Dunciad,  129. 

Sword-blade  legend,  404. 

Sword-swallowing  among  the  ancients, 
195. 

S.  (Y.  A.)  on  etiquette  query,  404. 

Symonds  (Capt.  Kichard),  185.  305. 

T. 

Tabard  and  Talbot,  182. 

Tace,  Latin  for  a  candle,  173. 

Tacitus,  lost  portions  of,  127. 

Talbot    (J.)    on    Cook's   translation    of  a 

Greek  MS.,  127. 
Talent,  its  modern  use,  243. 
"  Talented,"  a  new  word,  323.  493. 
Talliages  explained,  105. 
Tallies,  their  modern  use,  485. 
Talmud,  translation  of,  128. 
Tankersley  family,  162. 
Taret,  an  insect,  411. 

Targum  (Jerusalem)  on  the  prophets,  522. 
Tauntoniensis  (M.  A.)  on    Charles    I.  at 

Oxford,  304. 

Tavern  signs,  poetical,  33.  329. 
Taverner's  Testament,  423. 


Taylor  (Alex.)  on  Erasmus's  Adagia,  113. 

Taylor  (E.  S.)  on  Queen  Anne's  farthing, 
429. 

Taylor  (G.)  on  the  Stanleys  in  Man,  325. 

Taylor  (Henry)  on  Buckle's  brush,  272. 

T.  (B.)  on  Nova  Scotia,  68. 

T.  (C.)  on  forts  of  Sebastopol,  461. 

sepulchral  monuments,  42. 

T.  (D.  I.)  on  disinterment,  223. 

T.  (E.)  on  Hobbes's  Works,  1750,  editor  of, 
87. 

"  Lord,  dismiss  us,"  &c.,  431 . 

T.  (E.  D.)  on  Pope's  Dunciad,  166. 

Teeth,  did  the  Greek  physicians  extract 
them  ?  242.  355.  510. 

T.  (E.  H.)  on  the  Heroic  Epistle,  66. 

Telegraphing  through  water  in  1748,  443. 

Templars,  their  suppression,  462. 

Temple  (H.  L.)  on  two  quotations,  461. 

Temple  (Sir  Peter),  146. 

Tennent  (Sir  J.  Emerson)  on  Bede's  dying 
words,  330. 

— —  Palasologi,  their  extinction,  351. 

Tenure  per  baronium,  474. 

T.  (E.  S.  T.)  on  book  inscription,  309. 

Texts,  preliminary,  in  church  service,  329. 

T.  (F.)  on  R.  Colwell  of  Faversham,  9. 

T.  (F.  S.)  on  the  meaning  of  nagging,  173. 

T.  (G.  A.)  on  inn  signs,  33. 

Thames  water,  401.  534. 

That  ver.  who  or  which,  421. 

Thau  as  a  sign  for  the  Cross,  185.  375. 

Thelwall's  Hope  of  Albion,  225. 

Theta  on  hero  of  "  The  Spanish  Lady's 
Love,"  273. 

T.  (H.  G.)  on  "  Lord,  dismiss  us,"  &c.,  431. 

Thierry's  theory,  285. 

Thinks  I  to  Myself  on  Washington's  birth- 
place, 85. 

Thomas  (J.  W.)  on  the  crescent,  426. 

Thompson  of  Esholt  and  Lancashire,  113. 

Thompsons  of  Yorkshire,  their  motto,  244. 
395. 

Thompson  (Pishey)  on  provincialisms,  182. 

Thorns  (W.  J.)  on  new  camera,  171. 

Pope's  Dunciad,  109.  257.  298. 

Thorndike  (Herbert),  his  letters,  287.  413. 

Thurmond  (W.  B.)  on  letter  to  Aetius,  128. 

Tides  in  the  Baltic,  288.  389. 

"  Time  and  I,"  origin  of  the  adage,  134. 

Timon  on  Old  Bogie,  160. 

"  Cultiver  mon  jardin,"  166. 

—  epitaph  on  an  old  maid,  421. 

miracle  of  St.  Villebrord,  241. 

Tindal  (Dr.  Matthew),  his  MSS.,  162. 
noticed,  405. 

Tiplers,  retailers  of  beer,  182.  292.  314. 
T.  (J.)  on  authority  of  Aristotle,  508. 
T.  (J.  G.)  on  "  bear  and  ragged  staff,"  68. 

"  In  signo  Thau,"  185. 

Tit  for  tat,  524. 

T.  (J.  H.)  on  Bishop  Dillon,  424. 
T.  (J.  M.)  on  St.  Tellant,  334. 
T.  (L.  H.  J.)  on  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  373. 
T.  (N.)  on  King  James'  Bible,  97. 
T.  (N.  L.)  on  colloquial  changes  of  words, 
355. 

extract  from  James  Montgomery,  353. 

— —  great  events  from  little  causes,  394. 
oblige  pronounced  obleege,  256. 

—  riding  bodkin,  52i. 

Somerset  folk  lore,  37.  395. 

^—  South's  Sermons,  324. 

Tobacco,  a  paper  of,  23. 

Tobacco-pipes,  clay,  23.  48.  211.  428. 

Tomkins  (H.  G.)  on  "Forgive,  blest 
shade,"  Ac.,  214. 

Tonna  (L.  H.  J.)  on  Campbell's  unpub- 
lished poem,  44. 

Tooke  (Home)  and  Lord  Brougham.  74, 
152. 

Tooth,  on  burning  one  with  salt,  232. 

the  golden,  116. 

Toothache,  superstitious  cure  for,  6. 

Topham  (John)  the  antiquary,  366.  415. j 

Topographical  etymology,  266.  354. 

To  "  thou,"  or  to  "  thee,"  61.  295. 

Trail-baston  explained,  88. 

Trajan's  palace,  308. 


Trance-legends,  457.  480. 
Trelawney  (Bishop),  noticed,  202. 
Trevelyan  on  storm  in  Devon,  435. 

—  Lely's  portraits,  253. 
Palaologus,  134. 

Tristis  on  pronunciation  of  oblige,  356. 

teeth  extracted  by  Greek  physicians, 

356. 
T.  (R.  V.)  on  Pope's  skull,  458. 

vampires,  27. 

T.  (S.)  on  Latin  poetry,  512. 

T.  (T.  A.)  on  anecdote  of  Lord  Eldon,  7. 

Buncle  (John)  alias  Thomas  Amory, 

30. 

Casti,  Animal!  Parlanti,  9. 

epitaph  on  a  priest,  100. 

—  Macaulay  on  the  Italian  language,  420. 
— —  medical  superstitions,  399. 

president  of  St.  John's,  Oxford,  30. 

—  salutation  after  sneezing,  421 
Terra;  Filius,  10. 

water-cure  in  1764,  28. 

Turcopolier  of  the    Order  of  St.  John  of 

Jerusalem,  378. 
Turkish  victories,  364. 
Turks  and  the  Irish,  8. 
Turks,  polygamy  among,  29.  154. 
Tutchin  (John),  his  family,  424. 
T.  (W.  M.)  on  Hazlitt's  Essay  on  Wills, 
531. 

legend  of  a  monk,  66. 

"  rather  "  and  "  other,"  533. 

Stowe  (Mrs.),  her  syntax,  302. 

Two,  its  pronunciation,  484. 

T.  (W.  T.)  on  brasses  of  notaries,  165. 

brass  in  Boxford  Church,  306. 

dedications  of  Suffolk  churches,  95. 

"  love,"  an  article  of  dress,  294. 

—  obtains,  115. 

Rolf  (Thomas),  103. 

T.  (W.  W.  E.)  on  "  Obedient  Yamen,"  355. 

talent,  and  conjurer,  243. 

Tye  on  tavern  signs,  33. 

Tymms  (Samuel)  on  gun-shot  wounds,  347. 

Typography,  343. 


U. 

Ugbrooke,  St.  Cyprian's  Church,  146. 
Uneda  on  American  newspapers,  482. 

American  surnames,  59. 

bakers'  tallies,  55. 

—  Bowies'  favourite  song,  244. 
— —  cant  names  in  America,  522. 

Cardinal  de  Kohan,  146. 

cuckoo  song,  524. 

—  De  Quincey's  writings,  passage  in,  184. 
fashion  of  Brittany,  146. 

ghosts  and  paganism,  508. 

Hofland  (Mrs.),  her  Life,  486. 

jumbal  Is,  173. 

Inquisition,  515. 

Kutchakutchoo,  17. 

'L'Amerique  D^livre'e,  184. 

New  England  dialogue,  84. 

"  now-a-days,"  487. 

.  "  Old  Dominion,"  235. 

phrenology  partly  anticipated,  6. 

—  premiums  for  babies,  483. 

"  rather— other,"  252. 

reversible  names,  38. 

Salzmann'g  Elements  of  Morality,  487. 

Scotch  song,  487. 

— —  Spanish  songs,  487. 

Sunday,  its  beginning  and  ending,  38. 

tavern  sign,  33. 

-. —  "  To  get  upon  one's  high  horse,"  242. 

Woolman  (John),  his  burial-place,  506. 

Upcott  (Win.),  his  autograph  letters,  287. 
Upton  (Captain),  noticed,  jS(>. 
Upton  (Nicholas),  heraldist,  437. 
Utrecht,  medal  of  the  peace  of,  15.  94. 


V. 

Vaccination,  its  originator, ! 
Vachells'  motto,  305. 


552 


INDEX. 


Valentine's  Eve  in  Norwich,  5. 
Vampires  in  the  United  States,  27. 
Van  Dyck,  his  Life,  89. 
Van  Tromp's  watch,  307. 
Vaudeville,  its  etymology,  222. 
Vavassori,  "De  Ludicra  Dictione,"  347. 
V.  (E.)  on  a  tombstone  inscription,  288. 
Vellum,  restored  singed,  106. 133. 
Versus  cancrinus,  204. 
Verat  on  Herbert's  Poems,  388. 
Vertaur  on  "  Felix  quern  faciunt,"  Sec.,  235. 
—  it,  its,  their  early  use,  235. 

"  Nose  of  wax,"  235. 

Niagara,  its  pronunciation,  533. 

"  Over  the  left,"  236. 

"  The  cut  of  his  jib,"  482. 

Video  on  words  common  at  Polperro,  178. 

300.  318.  a58.  418.  440.  479. 
— —  Cornish  descendants  of  the  Emperor 
of  Greece,  409. 

words  in  Michael  Scot,  187. 

Vigilans  on  old  almanacs,  522. 
Village,  an  old  world,  501. 
Villebrord  (St.),  miracle  by,  241. 
Virgilian  inscription  for  an  infant  school, 

254. 
Vokaros  on  Clarence  dukedom,  73.  255. 

Psalm  Ixviii.  4.,  105. 

Volkre's  chamber,  Kingsland  Church,  327. 

431. 

Voltaire  and  Henri  Carion,  4.  335. 
Voltaire  and  Southey,  232.  425. 
Voltaire's  celebrated  phrase,  282.  425.  493. 

a  saying  of,  88.  134. 

Major  Broome's  visit  to,  403. 

Vulpes  (C.  J.)  on  satire  on  Fox,  123. 


W. 

W.  on  antiquities  of  the  Eastern  Churches, 
370. 

photographic  queries,  472. 

"  thee  "  and  "  thou,"  295. 

W.  Hawick,  on  "  Rattliu'  roaring  Willie," 
325. 

W.  Norwich,  on  Valentine's  Eve  in  Nor- 
wich, 5. 

Waddington  (Horace)  on  black  rat,  37. 

Wagers,  celebrated,  247.  355. 

Walburge  (St),  noticed,  186. 

Walcott  (Mackenzie)  on  army  uniform, 
315. 

consecration  of  colours,  75. 

Elizabeth  Elstob's  burial-place,  75. 

iris  and  lily,  154. 

luce,  a  fish,  252. 

—  mitres  of  bishops,  227. 

pastoral  staff,  227. 

persons  buried  alive,  &c.,  233. 

submerged  bells,  204. 

Walkingham,  Duncalf,  Butler,  and  liar- 
wood,  their  cases,  60. 

Walpole  (Horace),  his  town  house,  147. 

Walsingham's  Manual,  290. 

Walter  (Henry)  on  divorces  of  Roman  Ca- 
tholics, 427. 

Joshua  x.  12, 13.,  171. 

sepulchral  monuments,  152. 

sonnet  by  Blanco  White,  311. 

Walters  (L.  H.)  on  the  Chinese  language, 
29. 

Walton  (Brian),  his  birthplace,  223. 

Wapping  fire  in  1703,  brief  for,  105. 

Warburton  and  Pope,  41.  90. 

Ward  (Simon)  on  the  host  buried  in  a 


pyx,  184. 
Ward      ~ 


Warde  (R.  C.)  on  Eugene  Aram,  361. 

buying  the  Devil,  365. 

carvings  at  Romslcy,  4G4. 

Coverdale's  Bible  frontispiece,  414. 

Puritan  similes,  382. 

song  of  the  Revolution,  1688,  42". 

Warden  (J.  S.)  on  Major  Andre,  81. 

Ciudad  Rodrigo,  126. 

Dickens's  Child's  History  of  England, 

44. 

double  Christian  names,  79. 

Ferrers  of  Chartley,  barony  of,  27. 


Warden  (J.  S.)  on  Napoleon's  spelling,  94. 

Odoherty  (Morgan),  96. 

Russian  emperors,  94. 

Scales  barony,  127. 

Spanish  treasure-frigates,  144. 

Warren  of  Poynton,  co.  Chester,  66.  231. 
Washington  (Gen.)  and  Dr.  Gordon,  144. 

his  birthplace,  85.  176. 

Water-cure  in  last  century,  28. 153.  275. 

376. 

Water  serpent,  404. 
Way  (Albert)  on  notaries,  110. 
Waylen  (J.)  on  the  Emperor  of  Morocco's 

pension,  342. 
W.  (B.  B.)  on  Paleario's  Treatise,  447. 

Spanish  Reformation,  530. 

W.  (C.)  on  gutta  percha,  74. 

Odd  Fellows,  75. 

W.  (C.  E.)  on  bell  on  leaving  church,  434. 

W.  (.D.)  on  knobstick,  95. 

Weekly  Pacquet  of  Advice  from  Rome, 

143. 

Weir  (Arch.)  on  burial  in  unconsecrated 
places,  394. 

ecclesiastical  maps,  187. 

S.  and  St.  abbreviations,  347. 

Weldons  of  Cornwall,  404. 

Well  Chapel  at   St.  Cleather,   Cornwall, 

525. 

Well  worship,  397. 
Wells,  Somersetshire,  custom  at,  180. 
W.  (E.  S.)  on  Volkre's  chamber,  431. 
West  (Edward)  on  Fitchett's  King  Alfred, 
334. 

Greek  spoken  in  Brittany,  326. 

Hughes'  tragedy,  "  Amalasont,"  266. 

Ossian's  Poems,  224. 

Thelwall's  Hope  of  Albion,  225. 

tides  in  the  Baltic,  288. 

West,  praying  towards,  494. 

Westall's  painting  "  Pizarro,"  289. 

Westminster  Abbey  a  cathedral,  27. 

Westons  of  Winchelsea,  286.  351.  392. 

Wey  first  made  navigable,  342. 

W.  (F.  G.)  on  John  Zephaniah  Holwell, 

31. 
W.  (H.  E.)  on  Butler's  Hudibras,  348. 

Chronicle  of  Alphonsus  XI.,  348. 

Erasmus's  Adagia,  387. 

Froissart's  Chronicle,  404. 

Glanvil's  Works,  348. 

Proverbs  translated,  389. 

Vavassori,  De  Ludicra  Dictione,  347. 

Weldons  of  Cornwall,  404. 

Whig  and  tory,  origin  of  the  terms,  482. 

"  While  "  and  "  wile,"  100.  194.  493. 

Whipping  school-boys,  Latin  treatise  on, 
114. 

Whitborne  (J.  B.)  on  Colonel  Carlos,  344. 

Cornwall  family,  282. 

— —  Volkre's     chamber,     in     Kingsland 
Church,  327. 

White  (A.  H.  M.)  on  Sebastopol,  or  Sevas- 
topol, 444. 

White  (Blanco),  sonnet  by,  311. 

Whitefield  (Geo.),  his  last  kin,  443. 

Whitelocke  (General),  his  sepulture,  54. 

Whitmore  motto,  348. 

Whittington  stone,  234. 

Wiclifi'e's  "  clippers,"  and  "  pursekervers," 
346. 

Wiffen  (B.  B.)  on  the  Inquisition,  120.  137. 

Wilberforce   (Bishop)   on  nationality  and 
patriotism,  £32. 

Wilkyn  of  brass,  what  ?  182.  £92.  393. 

Will  and  testament  illustrated,  377.  492. 

William  de  la  Grace,  origin  of  the  name, 
46. 

William  de  Northie,  87. 

William  I.,  his  standard-bearer,  306.  432. 

William  III.,  day  of  his  landing,  424.  531. 

William  of  Wykeham's  statutes,  389. 

Williams  (Charles)  on  provincial   words, 
400. 

Williams  (Griffith),  Bishop  of  Ossory,  66. 
252   425. 

Will*  in  Inland,  115. 

Wilmot   (Dr.)  the  supposed  Jumus,  228. 
328. 349. 


Wilstead  (Leonard),  noticed,  104.  ~ 
Wilts  Archajological  Society,  256. 
Winchelsea  monuments  of  knights,  166. 
Winthrop  (Wm.)  on  Major  Andre,  276. 

"  An  old  bird  not  to  be  caught  with 

chaff,"  343. 

—  beech-trees  struck  by  lightning,  513. 
brasses  restored,  535. 

brothers  of  the  same  Christian  name, 

31. 
— —  "  captivate,"  its  early  meaning,  275. 

circle  round  the  moon,  463. 

curiosities  of  Bible  literature,  306. 

double  Christian  names,  18.  413. 

Emperor    of  .Morocco   pensioned  by 

England,  510. 

"  feather  in  his  cap,"  315. 

Lee's  Orbis  Miraculum,  525. 

longevity,  150. 

man  speaking  after  death,  87. 

mayhem  of  a  slave,  208. 

Moore's  Letters,  165. 

Mormonism,  its  rise,  535. 

old  jokes,  534. 

—  oldest  church  in  America,  443. 

— —  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  its 
English,  Irish,  and  Scotch  knights, 
177.  200. 

ought  and  aught,  173. 

parish  registers  in  New  England,  339. 

paunch,  or  punch,  84. 

pictures  at  Hampton  Court,  134. 

"  Plurality   of  Worlds,"    its   author, 

466. 

polygamy  among  the  Turks,  154. 

railroads  in  England,  365. 

royal  letters  to  the  Grand  Blasters  of 

Malta,  437. 

"  Slashers,"  the  28th  regiment,  114. 

swallows  as  letter-carriers,  506. 

Turcopolier  of  the  Order  of  St.  John 

of  Jerusalem,  378. 

telegraphing  through  water  in  1748, 

443. 

Whitefield  (Geo.),  his  last  kin,  443. 

Wiseman  (Richard)  the  surgeon,  424. 

Withycomb,  storm  at,  in  1638,  128. 

W.  (J.  K.  R.)  on    extract   from  Young, 

356. 

Wn.  (C.)  on  transmutation  of  metals,  8. 
Wolf,  its  derivation,  399. 
Wolfe  (Gen.),  his  gloves,  326. 
Wollstonecraft  (Mary)  noticed,  487. 
Wolves  nurturing  children,  62. 
Women's  rights,  505. 
Wood  (Justice  George),  102.  194. 
Woodman  (E.  F.)  on  Swedish  language, 

259. 
Woolman  (John),  place  of  his  interment, 

506. 

Worcester  battle,  anecdote  of,  259. 
Words,  their  colloquial  changes,  240. 
Worrall  family,  306. 
W.  (R.  G.)  on  "  pig  in  a  poke,"  187. 
W.  (T.)  on  Lemprifire's  Universal  Biogra- 
phy, 245. 

Pope's  Essay  on  Man,  258. 

slaughtering  cattle  in  towns,  287. 

W.  (T.  H.)  on  the  noted  Westons,  392. 
W.  (T.  T.)  on  pronunciation  of  two,  484. 

Stony  hurst  buck- hunt,  503. 

Wykehamist  on  Henry  Garnett,  71. 

Robert  Parsons,  69. 

Wynen    (J.  Virtue)     on   first    envoy    to 

Russia,  512. 


X.  on  photographic  pins,  15. 

photographic  preparations,  331. 

school-boy  formula,  12i. 


Y. 

Y.  on  Muclie's  "  Propositions,"  287- 
"  Send  me  tribute,  or  else ,"  38. 


INDEX. 


553 


Y.  (B.  M.)    on  Hazlilt's  Essay  on   Will- 
making,  446. 

Yeoman,  its  meaning,  468. 
Yeowell  (James)  on  Boodle,  of  the  club- 
house, 66. 

—  buying  the  Devil,  416. 

Heroic  Epistle  to  the  Rev.  R.  Watson, 

115. 

Topham  the  antiquary,  415. 

Y.  (J.)  on  Caleb  Stukeley,  336. 

—  Pope's  inscription  on  a  punch-bowl, 

258. 
— —  Pope's  nurse,  230. 


Y.  (J.)  on  Prior's  epitaph  on  himself,  216. 

Whittington's  stone,  234. 

Young    Subscriber    on    confessor   to   the 

royal  household,  9. 
Y.  (k.)  on  English  newspapers,  462. 
Sebastopol  twenty  years  since,  342. 


z- 

Z.  on  dedications  to  St.  Pancras,  508. 
Guildhall  before  1G66,  266. 


Z.  on  school-boy  formula,  210.  369. 
Zeus  on  1253  descendants,  422. 
Zim  and  Jim,  382.  475. 
Zouaves  described,  365.  469. 
Z.  (X.  Y.)  on  while  and  wile,  100. 
Z.  (Y.)  on  the  Boyle  lectures,  445. 

Popiana,  219. 

Zz.  on  alchymical  riddle,  323. 

bell-ringing,  222. 

—  cork  as  a  provincialism,  128. 

James  I.,  whimsical  petition  to,  2-12. 

singed  vellum,  133. 

Symonds  (Capt.  Kichard),  185. 


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