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GENEALOGY  COLLECTION 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


^' 


3  1833  01750  5766 


GENEALOGY 

942.006 

N844 

1867, 

PT.l 


I — 


i 


N. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 


iMflriura  of  5ntei«Commum'tation 


LITERARY  MEN,   GENERAL   READERS.   ETC, 


When  found,  make  a  note  of." —  Captain  Cuttle. 


THIRD      SERIES. —VOLUME     ELEVENTH. 
January — June  1867. 


LONDON: 

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OFFICE,    43    WELLINGTON     STREET,    STRAND,    W.C. 

1867, 


NOTES  AND  aUERIES: 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 


tiismxen  found,  znaUe  a  note  of."  —  Captain  Ccttle. 


No.  262. 


Saturday,  January  5,  1867. 


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O  of  a  FIFTII-MOXARCHr  MAN,  chiefly  extracted 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LOmOS,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  5,  1867. 

CONTENTS.— N»  262. 

NOTES :  —  Westminster  Portrait  of  Richard  IL,  1  -  Catho- 
ij.;  Purindipnit!  2  — Broken  Pottery  of  Aiieient  Times,  4 — 
OriS  TPtters  of  tciiu  Hunt,  /6  -  Aelivs  Donatvs 
SeS  sjfientibvs  Scholarvm  Anglise  .-vblicarv.n  S.  P.  U., 
fi  -  Zrktn  or  Mortkin,  7  -  Christmas  Day,  /*.-  In- 
edited  Letter  of  Kins  James  VI.  to  the  King  of  Navarre- 
Lunar  Influence -Errors  in  Parish  Registers:  the  Dal- 
mahoy  Family  — Old  Eecoliections  —  Vessel-cup  Girls- 
Jiiterary  Mystifleation,  8. 

QUERIES:- Irish  Pamphlets,  9  — Extraordinary  Assem- 
blies of  Birds  —  Burnina;  of  the  Jesuits'  Books  — Calla- 
lore- A  Christening  Sermon  — Lord  Coke  and  the  Court 
of  Star-Chamber  —  French  Topography  —  Jenyns  Queries 

—  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller  —  Hannah  Lightfoot  -  Mary  Quceu 
of  Scots  —  Large  Silver  Medal  —  Morocco  —  Edward  Nor- 
gate:  a  Chain  Organ  —  Papal  Bulls  in  favour  of  Freema- 
sons—Petrarch: Himultruda—  Scot,  a  Local  Prefix- 
Shakespeare's  Bible  —  Stricken  in  Years  —  Wedderburn 
and  Franklin,  10. 

QuEEiEs  WITH  Answees  :  —  Cyriack  Skinner  —  Henry 
Hudson  —  Stafford,  Talbot,  &c.  —  St.  John's  Gospel,  12. 

REPLIES:—  French  Books  on  England,  14  — Chaplains  to 
the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal,  &c.,  IG  — Roundels: 
Verses  ou  Fruit  Trenchers.  18  — Dutch  Ballad,  19  -The 
Dawson  Family,  20  —Americanisms -The  Pipe  of  Tobacco, 
&c.  — Eglinton  Tournament  —  Lord  Braxfleld  —  Agudeza 

—  Illuminated  Missal—  Inscription  at  Champ6ry—  Cheese 
WeD  —  Gold  pronounced  "  Goold  "  —  "  Hamlet : "  "  House 
the  Devil "  — Degrees,  when  first  conferred  —  Picture — 
"  Shakespeare  said  it  First  "—Dante  -America  and  Carica- 
tures —  Heraldic  Queries  —  Arms  of  Prussia  —  Book  dedi- 
cated to  the  Virgin  Mary,  &c.,  21. 

Notes  ou  Books,  &c. 


WESTMINSTER  PORTRAIT  OF  RICHARD  II. 

The  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  are  sucli  a  natural  de- 
positary for  records  of  historical  events,  both  in 
art  and  literature,  that,  although  the  subject  has 
already  been  made  known  elsewhere,  I  feel  desirous 
to  secure  in  these  columns  a  brief  statement  re- 
specting the  change  that  has  recently  come  over 
the  well-known  Jerusalem-Chamber  portrait  of 
Richard  II.  Ever  since  the  time  of  the  Manchester 
Exhibition  in  1857,  when  it  was  first  seen  during  the 
present  century  in  open  daylight,  artists  and  judges 
competent  to  form  a  fair  opinion  upon  it,  agreed 
that  the  picture  had  been  grossly  painted  over, 
and  that  the  surface  of  the  painting  no  longer  pre- 
sented a  trustworthy  appearance.  These  opinions 
were  renewed  in  the  course  of  the  recent  Portrait 
Exhibition  at  South  Kensington  ;  and  Mr.  George 
Richmond,  R.A.,  the  excellent  portrait-painter, 
at  length  offered  to  the  Dean  of  Westminster  to 
not  only  superintend,  but  actually  to  work  upon 
the  cleaning  and  restoration  of  this  precious  relic. 
The  Dean  and  Chapter  readily  consented;  and 
the  picture  was  accordingly  conveyed,  at  the  close 
of  the  Exhibition,  to  the  studio  of  JMr.  Henry 
Merritt,  an  experienced  picture-cleaner  and  re- 
storer, who  was  to  carry  on  all  operations  under 
Mr.  Richmond's  immediate   direction.      Having 


already  expressed  to  the  Dean  my  opinion  of  the 
unsatisfactory  condition  of  the  picture — not  only 
that  it  was  encumbered  with  masses  of  dirt  and 
false  paint,  but  that  the  original  portrait  still  lay- 
dormant  underneath — I  naturally  took  great  in- 
terest in  each  step  of  the  proceedings  as  they 
were  put  into  execution.  As  a  spectator,  taking  a 
careful  cognizance  of  all  that  went  on,  I  can  per- 
haps render  a  more  impartial  statement  than 
even  those  more  immediately  concerned  in  the 
operation.  Before  anything  was  done  to  remove 
the  old  paint,  I  toolv  an  opportunity  of  malving  a 
careful  tracing  of  the  head,  hands,  crown,  and 
sceptre,  with  various  details  of  the  dress,  that 
might  serve  as  an  accurate  record  of  what  the 
picture  had  been  up  to  that  period.  I  obtained  a 
faithful  transcript  of  the  projecting  patterns  of 
the  diapered  background,  by  rubbiug  the  surface 
of  my  tracing  paper  with  soft  leather  sprinkled 
with  black-lead.  As  this  diaper  was  very  irre- 
gularly constructed,  it  would  have  been  quite  in- 
sufficient for  me  to  copy  a  single  portion  and  re- 
peat it  mechanically  to  serve  for  the  rest. 

The  picture  is  painted  on  an  enormous  block  of 
oak ;  composed,  in  fact,  of  several  smaller  planks 
most  skilfully  joined  together.  The  coatings  of 
paint  covering  the  picture  were  very  difficult  to 
remove  ;  but,  at  length,  Mr.  Richmond's  labour 
was  rewarded  by  the  discovery  of  the  recti  pic- 
ture underneath  —  a  genuine  tempera  painting  of 
Richard's  own  time;  revealing  a  perfectly  dif- 
ferent face  from  that  which  had  been  removed. 
In  lieu  of  dark  staring  eyes  of  a  rich  brown  colour, 
massive  brown  eyebrows,  dark  hair,  and  a  ruddy 
smiling  mouth,  with  deep  solid  shadows  to  the 
features,  they  recovered  a  mild,  soft,  youthful 
face,  with  gold-brown  waving  hair,  blue-grey 
eyes,  heavy  eyelids,  and  a  sorrowful  drooping 
mouth — all  of  which  accord  with  the  celebrated 
Diptych  at  Wilton  House,  and  correspond  with 
the  known  weak  and  vacillating  character  of  the 
timid  and  misguided  monarch  himself.  The 
ermine  cape  had  been  overlaid  with  repeated  coats 
of  colour,  and  the  originally  delicate  ermine  spots 
had  been  distorted  into  strange  twisted  masses  of 
solid  black  paint,  that  had  neither  heraldic  nor 
any  other  significance  to  justify  them.  The  folds 
of  the  crimson  robe  had  been  overlaid  and  per- 
verted by  the  brush  of  some  clumsy  house-painter; 
and  not  only  the  drawing  but  the  action  of  the 
fingers  had  been  ruthlessly  altered.  On  examin- 
ing the  gilded  surface  of  the  ball,  decorated  with 
most  un-Gothiclike  acanthus  leaves,  it  was  found 
to  be  laid  over  a  highly  polished  coating  of  plain 
gold  on  a  mass  of  composition  or  cement ;  and  the 
richly  ornamented  crown  had  been  treated  in  the 
same  manner.  The  stucco  pattern  of  the  raised 
diaper  on  the  background  was  found  to  have  over- 
lapped some  beautifully  painted  foliage,  which  evi- 
dently belonged  to  the  original  design  of  the  flore- 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


I3ri  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '6; 


ations  of  the  crown  and  to  the  head  of  the  sceptre. 
The  latter  portion  was  further  investigated,  and 
resxiked  in  the  removal  of  the  diaper  from  around 
the  sceptre,  and  in  the  recovery  of  a  heauti  fully 
drawn  flowing  foliage  instead  of  the  fir  cone  and 
acanthus  leaves  which  had  hitherto  surmounted 
it.  Beneath  the  jewelled  crown  lay  a  highly 
burnished  plain  gold  crown,  consisting  of  a  solid 
coating  of  conTposition,  which  in  its  turn  concealed 
the  original  crown,  drawn,  like  the  sceptre-head, 
with  free  and  admirably  pencilled  foliage  upon  the 
pure  gold,  which  here  simply  coated  the  actual 
gesso  ground  laid  upon  the  panel  itself.  This  true 
crown  was  closely  punctured  with  small  holes,  so 
arranged  as  to  form  a  pattern  and  repeating  the 
lozenge  and  oval  outlines  of  the  jewels  in  the 
circlet  of  the  crown.  Puncturings  or  dottings  of 
this  kind,  on  a  plain  gilded  surface,  are  considered 
to  be  characteristic  of  MS.  illuminations  belong- 
ing to  the  later  portion  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
and,  indeed,  the  entire  appearance  of  this  picture 
has  very  much  the  effect  of  a  page  taken  from  some 
manuscript  volume  of  that  period,  and  extensively 
magnified. 

The  style  of  painting,  with  pale  brown  shadows 
on  the  face,  the  gilded  background,  and  a  profu- 
sion of  bright  colours  and  golden  borders  to  the 
drapery,  closely  resembles  the  productions  of  the 
best  artists  in  Italy  at  the  same  period. 

The  clumsj'  and  not  ancient  frame  was  found  to 
have  encroached  largely  on  the  surface  of  the  pic- 
ture, and  to  have  concealed  both  the  side  portions 
of  the  chair  and  the  greater  part  of  the  curved  step 
in  front  of  the  throne.  Unfortunately  no  date  or 
inscription  has  been  found  on  any  part  of  the 
picture. 

The  practical  knowledge  and  assistance  of  Mr. 
Chance,  an  experienced  gilder,  were  of  great  ser- 
vice in  regard  to  the  difficulties  of  dealing  with 
the  burnished  crown,  globe,  and  stucco  coalings 
forming  the  diaper ;  whilst  Mr.  Merritt's  extreme 
caution,  judicious  treatment,  and  thorough  know- 
ledge in  the  application  of  means  to  remove  these 
masses  of  false  colour — without  in  the  slightest 
degree  affecting  the  delicate  tempera  painting 
lying  beneath,  and  in  knowing  how' far  to  go  and 
when  to  stop — were  of  vital  importance.  Mr. 
Richmond's  power  of  distinguishing  false  art  from 
the  true,  and  his  jealous  protection  of  all  the 
finer  points  in  the  picture  as  soon  as  discovered, 
•were  a  guarantee  for  the  perfect  success  of  the 
whole ;  and  it  is  to  that  gentleman's  energy  and 
clearness  of  views  that  we  are  mainly  indebted 
for  the  achievement  of  such  important  results. 

The  portrait  was  probably  painted  from  the 
life  in  the  year  1390,  and  appears  to  have  under- 
gone its  greatest  changes  early  in  the  sixteenth 
century ;  perhaps  at  the  time  of  the  building  of 
Henry  VII.'s  Chapel,  when  the  diaper  was  added 
and  the  shape  of  the  crown-  and  sceptre  altered. 


"S^rtue  engraved  it  for  the  Vetima  Momimenta  in 
1718,  Captain  Broome  repainted  it  about  1726, 
adding  the  sliadows  on  the  ermine  tippet  from 
tbe  cross  and  sceptre,  and  decorating  the  globe 
with  acanthus  leaves.  The  picture  was  removed 
to  the  Jerusalem  Chamber  in  177.5,  Trhere  John 
Carter  saw  it  and  made  his  carefiil  etching  in 
1786,  which  may  now  be  considered  as  the  best 
record  of  the  picture  in  the  condition  fromVhich 
it  has  just  been  rescued.  The  picture  has  fov  the 
present  been  returned  to  the  Jerusalem  Chamber, 
and  is  happily  protected  by  a  large  sheet  of  plate 
glass.  It  Js  to  be  hoped  that  the  picture  may 
soon  be  restored  to  its  original  place  in  the  choir 
of  Westminster  Abbey,  where  in  a  good  open 
light  it  will  be  thoroughly  well  seen,  and,  in  such 
a  place,  become  accessible  to  thousands  *nd  thou- 
sands of  visitors.  George  Schakf. 
National  Fortrait  Gallery,  Dec.  186G. 


CATHOLIC  PERIODICALS. 

I  have  been  requested  to  draw  up  a  list  of 
Catholic  periodical  publications  in  England,  Scot- 
land, and  Ireland.  I  believe  the  following  ac- 
count of  them  will  be  foimd  generally  correct :  — 

The  earliest  Catholic  periodical  was,  I  believe, 
The  Catholic  Almanac  for  the  year  1661.  and  succes- 
sive years,  compiled  by  Thos.  Blount,  Esq.  of  Orle- 
ton,  and  continued  probably  down  to  the  year  of  his 
death,  1679.  On  the  accession  of  James  II.,  it 
came  out  as  the  Kalendarium  Catholicum  for  the 
year  1686,  with  the  significant  motto  :  "  Tristitia 
vestra  vertetiu"  in  gaudium,  Alleluia."  This  con- 
tained, besides  the  Feasts,  Fasts,  Days  of  Absti- 
nence, Calendar  and  explanation  of  the  principal 
Feasts,  the  following  interesting  catalogues.  First, 
■'  of  the  Lords,  Knights,  and  Gentlemen  (of  the 
Catholic  Religion)  that  were  slain  in  the  late  warr 
in  defence  of  their  King  and  country."  Secondly, 
"  The  names  of  such  Catholicks  whose  estates 
(both  real  and  personal)  were  sold,  in  pursuance 
of  an  act  made  by  the  Rump,  July  16,  1651,  for 
their  pretended  delinquency ;  that  is,  for  adhering 
to  their  King."  This  was  followed  by  two  other 
lists  of  1652.  Finally,  *•' Memorable  Observa- 
tions," giving  the  number  of  years  since  certain 
notable  events  interesting  to  Catholics.  It  ap- 
peared the  year  following  as  *'  The  Catholic  Alma- 
nack for  the  year  1687,  containing  both  the  Roman 
and  English  Calendars, — an  Explanation  of  the 
principal  holydays  of  the  whole  year,  with  cata- 
logues of  the' Popes  from  St.  Peter  to  this  present 
Innocentius  XL,  and  of  the  Kings  of  England  and 
Archbishops  of  Canterbury  from  the  year  600  lo 
the  Reformation.  London  :  Printed"  by  Henry 
Hills,  Printer  to  the  lung's  most  excellent  Majesty, 
for  his  household  and  chappel,  mdclxxxvii."  At 
tlie  end  of  each  of  these  almanacs  is  a  catjilogue 


S^d  S.  XI.  Jak.  5,  "GT.j 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


of  book3  printed  for  Henry  Hills,  "  and  are  to  be 
gold  next  door  to  his  house  iu  Blackfryers." 

The  Ordo  recitandi  for  the  clergy,  and  the 
Laity's  Directory  began  about  the  year  1761, 

Tiie  earliest  Catholic  periodical,  in  the  shape 
of  a  magazine,  appeared  towards  the  close  of  the 
last  century,  about  the  year  17*J0.  It  was  called 
The  Catholic  Magazine.  Who  was  the  editor  I 
do  not  know,  nor  do  I  know  who  contributed  to 
its  pages ;  but  it  was,  as  I  remember,  a  very  re- 
spectable periodical,  well  conducted,  and  neatly 
priiited.  It  was  of  12mo  size,  but  extended,  I 
believe,  to  no  more  than  three  or  four  volumes. 

About  tvN'enty  years  later  an  attempt  was  made 
to  establish  a  Catholic  Magazine  and  Revieio ;  and 
a  similar  publication  was  commenced  in  1813,  but 
both  ceased  after  a  few  numbers. 

The  Oi-thodox  Journal  was  started  in  1813  by 
"William  Eusebius  ^indrews.  He  had  been  a 
printer  in  the  oflice  of  the  Norfolk  Chronicle  in 
Norwich,  but  had  settled  in  London  as  the  pro- 
fessed "Advocate  of  Truth."  This  journal  ap- 
peared weekly  till  the  end  of  1820,  and  was  much 
supported  by  Bishop  Milner.  In  November,  1820, 
Mr.  Andrews  had  begun  a  weekly  newspaper 
under  the  title  of  The  Catholic  Advocate  of  Civil 
and  JReligious  Liberty,  but  this  lasted  only  through 
nine  numbers.  lie  resumed  his  Orthodox  Journal 
in  January  1823,  numbering  it  as  if  it  had  never 
been  interrupted,  but  it  ended  in  the  year  follow- 
ing, lie  began  a  fresh  periodical  September  8, 
1832,  called  Andrews  s  Fenny  Oiihodox  Journal. 
This  came  out  weekly,  but  survived  only  till 
March  1,  1834.  It  was  followed  by  Andreics's 
Weekly  Orthodox  Journal,  from  March  8  to  June 
27,  183G.  It  was  then  entitled  The  London  and 
Dublin  Ortliodox  Journal,  and,  on  the  death  of  ]\Ir. 
Andrews,  April  7,  1837,  was  continued  by  his  son 
till  November,  184o ;  afler  which  it  came  out 
monthly  under  the  simple  original  title  of  The 
Orthodox  Journal. 

The  well-known  Catholic  bookseller,  George 
Keating,  successor  to  J.  P.  Coghlan,  began  a 
periodical  in  July,  1815,  entitled  The  Puhlicid,  or 
Christian  Philosopher.     It  was  announced  "to  ap- 

fear  occasionally,"  and  came  out  very  irregularly, 
t  contained  however  many  valuable  papers,  prin- 
cipally strictures  on  anticatholic  publications.  A 
second  series  v/as  commenced  with  the  year  1817, 
but  the  name  was  changed  to  that  of  The  Catholicon, 
which  name  indeed  had  been  adopted  at  the  end 
of  the  tirst  volume.  A  third  series  began  Feb- 
ruary 1,  1823,  under  the  title  of  The  Catholic  Spec- 
tator and  Selector,  or  Catholicon ;  and  tliis  was 
published  at  intervals  for  three  years,  ending  with 
December,  1826. 

In  February,  1818,  a  periodical  appeared  with 
the  title  of  The  Catholic  Gentleman' s  Magazine. 
The  "Sylvanns  Urban"  of  this  magazine  was 
"  Mr.  Palmer,"  but  its  real  editor  and  chief  sup- 


porter was  Mr.  Charles  Butler  of  Lincoln's  lun.  It 
had  a  very  brief  existence,  coming  to  an  end  in  the 
following  September. 

The  Catholic  Vindicator  was  a  weekly  paper 
in  answer  to  one  called  The  Protestant.  It  was 
entirely  written  by  Mr.  Andrews.  It  began  De- 
cember 5,  1818,  and  ended  December  4,  1819. 

Mr.  Andrews  also  tried  a  Aveekly  newspaper 
called  The  Catholic  Advocate,  but  it  lasted  only 
nine  months. 

The  Catholic  Miscellany  began  with  January, 
1822.  It  was  established  by  Ambrose  Cuddon, 
who  had  come  from  Bungay  to  settle  in  London. 
It  was  printed  by  Andrews,  who  had  a  consider- 
able share  in  its  management,  till  June,  1823. 
Mr.  Cuddou,  however,  was  the  responsible  editor, 
and  so  continued  until  the  end  of  vol.  ix.,  June, 
1828.  xV  new  series  then  commenced  under  the 
editorship  of  Mr.  Sidney.  The  publication  ceased 
altogether  in  May,  1830.  Mr.  Cuddon  also  pub- 
lished a  Catholic  Pocket-Book  about  this  time.  It 
was  well  got  up,  and  very  useful,  but  was  sooa 
discontinued. 

A  newspaper  called  The  Truthteller  was  brought 
out  in  September,  1824,  by  W.  E.  Andrews,  and 
was  published  weekly  for  one  year.  It  then  ap- 
peared as  a  weekly  magazine,  beginning  October 
1,  1825,  extended  to  fourteen  volumes,  and  ended 
April  25,  1820. 

The  Catholic  Journal  began  on  March  1,  1828, 
edited  by  Mr.  Quin.  Its  special  object  was  the 
advocacy  of  Catholic  Emancipation.  It  was  at 
first  of  8vo  size,  but  on  May  31  it  was  changed  to 
the  4to  form.  Thus  it  continued  till  the  end  of 
the  year;  and  on  January  4,  1829,  it  appeared  in 
the  usual  folio  size  of  newspapers.  When  the 
Emancipation  Act  passed,  its  object  was  accom- 
plished, and  it  ceased  after  March  15,  1829. 

A  periodical  was  published  about  this  time 
called  The  British  Colonial  Quarterly  Intelligencer, 
but  only  three  or  four  numbers  were  published. 

The  best  conducted  and  most  influential  of 
Catholic  periodicals  was  The  Catholic  Magazine 
and  Revieio,  published  monthly  in  Birmingham. 
It  began  in  February,  1831,  and  was  the  property 
of  a  number  of  the  clergy,  chiefly  of  the  Midland 
district.  The  editors  were  the  Revs.  John  Kirk, 
F.  Martyn,  Ed.  Peach,  T.  M.  McDonnell,  and 
John  Gascoyne ;  but  Mr.  McDonnell  was  the 
acting  editor.  It  continued  till  the  end  of  1835, 
when  it  became  The  Catholicon,  but  survived  only 
eight  months,  ending  with  August,  1836. 

The  Edinhuryh  Catholic  Magazine  was  under- 
taken by  James  Smith  of  Edinburgh,  and  first 
appeared  in  April,  1832.  A  second  volume  began 
with  October,  but  lasted  through  only  two  num- 
bers. A  new  series  commenced  in  Februarj', 
1837,  printed  and  published  iu  London,  where 
Mr.  Smith  had  come  to  reside.  Three  other 
volumes  appeared  as  The  Catholic  Magazine ;  the 


NOTES  AXD  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  5,  'C7. 


last  number  of  which  was  published  in  June, 
1840.  A  third  series  began  in  January,  1843, 
edited  by  Mr.  T.  Hog,  but  ended  in  June,  1844. 

The  Catholic  Femiy  Mciffazine,  published  weekly 
in  Dublin  by  Coldwell,  began  in  February,  1834, 
and  ceased  in  December,  1835. 

In  1836  another  periodical  came  out  under  the 
name  of  The  Catholic  Magazine.  It  was  published 
in  London  by  Charles  Dolman,  nephew  and  suc- 
cessor to  Mr.  Booker  of  New  Bond  Street.  It  was 
to  have  taken  an  enlarged  form  in  the  beginning 
of  1842,  but  went  on  as  before ;  and  at  the  end 
of  that  year  was  near  being  given  up.  In  January, 
1845,  its  name  was  changed  for  that  of  Dolmans 
Magazine  and  Monthly  Miscellang  of  Criticism,  and 
it  was  then  edited  by  Miles  Gerald  Keon.  The 
original  title  of  The  Catholic  Magazine  was  after- 
wards resumed,  but  numbered  as  a  continuation 
of  the  former  series.  The  Ilev.  Edward  Price 
edited  the  latter  volumes,  and  the  periodical  ended 
in  1849.  F.  C.  H. 

(Zb  be  continued.) 


BKOKEN  POTTERY  OF  ANCIENT  TIMES. 

Can  it  be  explained  how  so  much  of  this  refuse 
has  been  found  in  strange  uninhabited  spots  ?  It 
is  not  that  man  has  been  there,  and  therefore  we 
seek  for  the  relics  of  his  occupation ;  we  find  vast 
quantities  of  potsherds,  and  therefore  we  infer  that 
man  formerly  inhabited  or  visited  the  spot.  It  is 
easy  to  understand  why  vases,  &c.,  are  found  in 
ancient  tumuli ;  but  why  the  accumulation  of 
broken  pottery  about  the  Casas  Grandes  on  the 
river  Gila  ?  ^Vnd  what  the  origin,  and  how  the 
accumulation  of  Mons  Testaccio  atEome?  We 
are  less  surprised  at  its  occurrence  among  the 
sepulchral  mounds  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  where 
there  was  long  occupation,  and  earthenware  was  a 
part  of  the  burial  utensils. 

A  relative  of  mine,  who  lived  twenty-seven  years 
in  Peru,  near  Lima,  told  me  that  he  "  used  occa- 
sionally to  creep  up  a  mountain  near,  to  get  a 
glimpse  of  the  sea  and  a  breath  of  sea  air.  There 
were  no  habitations,"  he  said,  ''  no  roads ;  no  one 
ever  went  there  but  myself;  and  yet  the  top  of 
the  mountain  was  covered  with  broken  pottery ! 
How  did  it  come  there  ?  "  We  used  to  speculate 
much  and  widely  on  this  question.  It  cannot  be 
supposed  that  the  ancient  tribes  who  lived  by 
hunting  and  fishing  broke  all  their  utensils  when 
they  changed  their  hunting  ground,  to  save  the 
trouble  of  conveyance.  It  was  surely  more  trouble 
to  make  fresh  ones,  even  if  the  necessary  appli- 
ances were  at  hand.  My  brother  expressly  as- 
sured me  that  this  mountain  near  Lima  was  bar- 
ren, and  that  these  potsherds  were  the  sole  hints 
of  man's  former  presence  there.  I  think  it  is 
Humboldt  who  says  that  the  tribes  of  the  (so- 
called)  New  World  were  the  only  ones  who  passed 


immediately  from  hunting  and  fishing  to  cereal 
cultivation ;  that  the  pastoral  stage  of  civilisation, 
so  prominent  in  the  religious  and  civil  history  of 
the  other  three  quarters  of  our  globe,  held  no 
place  among  the  tribes  of  America.  The  Peruvian 
mountain  must  have  been  a  hunting  ground  ;  but 
when  ?  Even  allowing  largely  for  the  rise  of  the 
land,  does  it  not  carry  us  back  to  the  time  when 
the  Wellingtonia  G.  was  a  sapling  ? 

A  curious  fact  touching  on  the  subject  is,  that 
the  inhabitants  of  the  valleys  lying  among  the 
Peruvian  Andes  speak  so  many  different  dialects, 
that  the  people  living  in  one  valley  cannot  under- 
stand those  living  in  one  branching  from  it.  My 
relative  was  not  only  a  good  linguist,  having  re- 
sided in  Germany,  Italj',  and  Egypt  (and  of  course 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese), but  was  fond  of  the  study  of  language,  and 
being  much  alone  in  Peru,  and  travelling  much  on 
business  affairs,  he  collected  all  he  could  on  the 
subject  of  the  different  dialects  around  him  ;  there- 
fore I  trust  what  he  told  me. 

But  the  broken  pottery  ?  If  Mdns  Testaccio 
owes  its  existence  to  the  early  age  of  Rome,  when 
Isis  was  the  deity  of  the  people,  we  should  find 
such  relics  in  Egypt ;  if  a  near  branch  of  that  early 
tribe  who  have  left  their  mark  in  the  centre  of 
Europe,  we  should  search  Northern  Germany  for 
such  remains. 

Any  information,  even  a  theory,  will  be  ex- 
tremely welcome  ;  for  a  theory  is  a  great  stimulant 
in  searching  for  facts.  I  hold  that  every  fixed 
opinion  was  at  first  a  theory.  E.  C.  B. 

Kor^vich. 

ORIGINAL  LETTERS  OF  LEIGH  HUNT. 

The  following  letters  will  probably  interest  the 
readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  W.  Carew  Hazlitt. 

I. 
'•Wimbledon,  Feb.  13  Icirca  1842]. 

"  My  clear  Sir, 

"  Accept,  however  late,  my  sincerest  thanks  for  the 
sight  of  the  curious  old  Greek  book  *  (beautifully  printed), 
and  the  present  of  the  Roscoe  f  and  Montaigne  J,  par- 
ticularly the  latter,  which  is  a  most  complete  thing  in- 
deed. I  ought  to  have  sent  this  acknowledgment  directlj', 
but  I  was  ill  at  the  time,  and  of  a  disorder  which  throws 
me  into  a  state  of  rascally  sluggishness,  an  attack  of 
liver,  and  so  I  was  ungratefully  silent  both  to  you  and  to 
Mr.  Yates  §,  and  have  not  sent  my  book  for  our  kind 
Americaa  friend,  and  suffered  other  letters  to  accumulate, 
and  got  myself  altogether  into  such  a  state  of  incom- 
petence, that  I  have  come  out  here  at  last  to  get  a  little 
fresh  air,  and,  if  possible,  a  new  stock  of  activity.  When 
I  return,  I  will  do  my  duty,  and  send  the  book,  or  rather 
bring  it,  and  then  you  shall  tell  me  that  you  forgive  me. 


*  I'hocii  Bibliotheca.     Never  returned. 

t  Probably  Roscoe's  Life  of  Lorenzo  de  3Iedici,  of 
which  mv  father  published  an  improved  edition  in  1846. 

t  The'Works  of  Montaigne.  Edited  bv  W.  Hazlitt. 
1842. 

§  Ravmond  Yates,  Esq.,  who  desired  an  interview  with 
Mr.  Hunt. 


3'^d  s.  XI.  Jax.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


"  Pleasing  honour  negative  !  Did  j-ou  write  the  critique 
in  the  Morning  Chronicle  ?  Or  did  (perhaps)  Mr.  Yates 
write  it  ?  In  either  case,  the  grace  on  the  v>'riter's  side, 
and  the  shame  on  my  own,  becomes  doubled.  But  I  have 
at  all  events  written  to  thank  the  author,  and  I  mention 
this,  because  in  a  former  instance  I  think  you  told  me 
you  had  not  received  the  letter  I  sent.  Again  thanking 
you  for  the  books,  believe  me,  whether  silent  or  other- 
wise, your  thankful  and  faithful  friend, 

"  Leigh  Hunt." 

[William  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 

ir. 

"  Wimbledon,  March  9th  [1846]. 

"  My  dear  Sir, 

"  I  was  quite  concerned  to  find  that  you  did  not 
possess  a  copy  of  the  little  edition  of  my  verses.  I  fancied 
I  had  sent  you  one,  when  it  came  out.  Vincent  accord- 
ingly will  bring  you  one  forthwith.  He  was  here  yes- 
terday, and  I  told'  him  where  to  find  it  at  home,  in  one 
of  my  table-drawers.  I  sliould  have  written  to  you  on 
Saturday  (not  having  got  your  letter  till  Friday  night), 
but  knowing  I  should  see  him  the  next  day,  and  not 
being  sure  whether  I  had  the  copy  in  question  remaining 
(in  which  case — I  mean  of  its  being  non  inventus — I  should 
have  sent  to  Moxon  for  one),  I  waited  till  he  came. 

"  The  country  air  has  done  us  so  much  good,  that  in- 
stead of  returning  to  town,  we  now  mean  to  remain  in  it, 
if  possible,  and  for  that  purpose  are  seeking  a  cottage,  and 
trj'ing  to  let  our  house  in  Kensington.  Do  you  know 
anybody'  who  happens  to  want  one  at  40/.  a  year  and  13Z. 
taxes  ?  The  square,  you  know,  is  really  pretty,  and  our 
back  parlour  was  pushed  out  by  a  former  tenant,  an  archi- 
tect, into  a  room  of  reasonable  superiority  to  the  usual 
pettiness  of  back  parlours  in  such  houses.  Should  we 
fix  in  the  countrj',  I  shall  let  you  know,  and  hope  you 
and  Mr.  Yates  will  be  among  the  first  to  come  and  see 
tis.  You  are  so  welcome  to  do  what  you  like  with  every- 
thing of  mine,  that  I  almost  forgot  to  say  so.  Besides,"it 
is  a  good  done  to  authors  to  quote  them,  especially  by  a 
friend,  and  I  thank  you  for  thinking  of  me. 

"  Ever  truly  yours, 

"  Leigh  Hunt." 

"  P.S.  —  Let  me  know  when  you  want  the  Italian 
Stories,  and  you  shall  have  my  set  in  sheets,  if  I  can  get 
no  other.  But  I  believe  there  is  talk  of  a  second  edition  ; 
in  that  case  it  shall  go  hard  indeed,  if  you  don't  get  a 
copy.  I  had  intelligence  the  other  day  that  the  book  is 
'  selling  capitally.' 

[William  Hazlitt, Esq. J . 


"Kensington,  Nov.  24  [circa  1850]. 
"  My  dear  William  Hazlitt, 

"  Son  of  your  father,  and  lover  of  all  good  things 
yourself. 

"  Could  you  possibly  help  me  in  the  following  wish  ? 
A  young  friend  of  mine  at  the  bar,  of  the  Worsley  faniilv, 
Mr.  Francis  Worsley,  who  abounds  in  all  good  qualities 
of  head  and  heart,  is  desirous  of  being  on  the  list  of  can- 
didates for  law-reporting  in  a  daily"  paper.  Could  you 
tell  me  when,  where,  and  how  I  coukl  best  take  anv  steps 
to  forward  his  object  ?  And  does  it  at  all  lie  in  your 
power  to  takevany  of  your  own  ?  I  feel  that  you  would 
oblige  me  in  the  matter,  if  you  could,  and  I  assure  you  I 
should  take  it  as  a  particular  kindness  to 

"  Your  old  and  sincere  friend, 
"  Leigh  Hunt. 
"  To  Wm.  Hazlitt,  Esq." 


"  My  handwriting  continues  better  than  my  health. 

"  Kensington,  Dec.  1  [^circa  1850], 
"  My  dear  William  Hazlitt, 

"  Many  thanks  for  j'our  kind  answer  to  my  request 
about  Mr.  Worsley,  who  will  do  himself  the  pleasure  of 
calling  on  you.  Be  sure  I  shall  not  fail  to  bear  in  mind 
your  wishes  about  the  critical  employment. 

"  Ever  truly  yours, 

"  Le'igh  Hunt." 
[William  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 


"Hammersmith,  May  10th  [18581. 
"  Dear  W.  C.  H. 

"  Manj'  thanks  for  your  very  prompt  and  kind 
attention  to  your  promise.*  I  will  do,  in  every  respect, 
as  you  desire,  and  am 

"  Most  sincerely  yours, 

"  Leigh  Hunt." 
[W.  Carew  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 


"  Putney,  Sept.  22  [1858], 

"  My  dear  Sir, 

"  I  am  trul}'  sorry  to  think  j-ou  have  been  annoj'ed 
by  this  man.f  Mr  Reynell  had  delicately  intimated'  to 
me  that  he  (the  said  individual)  was  desirous  to  have  the 
matter  concluded,  but  I  had  no  idea  that  he  was  disposed 
to  behave  in  this  manner;  and  my  visit  to  this  place 
having  a  little  tried  my  resources,  I  confess  I  was  trying 
to  creep  on  withotit  further  disbursement  till  mj-  quarter- 
day ;  but  I  am  in  no  way  distressed,  and  indeed,  if  I  were 
so,  I  should  have  no  right  to  let  another  be  worried  on 
my  account,  especially  when  he  has  had  trouble  enough 
on  it  already.  The  truth  is,  I  ought  to  have  stirred  my- 
self in  the  matter  sooner,  and  I  have  no  excuse  for  not 
having  done  so  beyond  the  languid  habits  produced  by 
bad  health,  except  that  the  MS.  itself  puzzled  me,  to 
know  what  to  think  of  it  or  what  to  do  with  it. 

"  However,  herewith  come  the  two  guineas,  which  will 
at  all  events  relievo  you  of  your  annoj'er,  and  I  beg  you 
to  accept  my  best  thanks  for  all  the  trouble  you  have 
taken.  I  should  have  sent  you  a  Post-ofiice  order  for  the 
sum,  but  my  daughter  Jacintha  having  to  come  to  town, 
and  the  post  here  being  strangely  dilatory,  I  thought  you 
might  get  it  sooner  by  this  means,  even"  though  she  had 
to  learn  perhaps  from  Mr.  Reynell  in  town,  instead  of 
Putney,  the  number  of  your  house  in  Ovington  Square. 
Again  expressing  my  regret  for  the  worry  you  have  gone 
through, 

"  I  am,  dear  Sir,  verj^  sincerely  your 

"  obliged  humble  servant, 

"  Leigh  Hunt." 

[W.  C.  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 

VII. 

"Hammersmith,  Feb.  22  [1859]. 
"Dear  W.C.  Hazlitt,  , 

"  Knowing  that  all  the  departments  in  the  Spec- 
tator had  been  more  than  filled  up  from  the  first,  I  did  not 
answer  your  letter  till  i  could  see  my  son,  who  was 
coming  to  see  me  on  tlie  subject  of  the  paper,  and  conver- 
sation, I  thought,  might  suggest  something  turnable  to 
account.  I  have  seen  him,  and  after  he  had  expressed 
his  pleasure  at  seeing  Hazlitts  and  Hunts  together  again, 
he  said  it  was  out  of  his  power  to  make  any  alterations  in 
the  settled  arrangements,  but  if  at  any  time  you  could 

*  This  relates  to  a  tiresome  negotiation  with  a  book- 
seller in  Piccadilly. 
t  The  bookseller  in  Piccadilly  already  referred  to. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-iS-XI.  Jas.  5.'67. 


send  him  anytliinp,-  fouiuled  on  '  new  information,'  or  a 
'new  suggesiion,''he  should  bo  very  happy  to  attend 
to  it. 


[W.  C.  Ilazlitt,  Esq.  I 


'  Ever  truly  yours, 

"  Leigh  Hu: 


VIII. 

"Hammersmith,  March  7  ri859]. 
«DearW.C.  H.. 

"  This  comes  to  nny  that  I  find  I  made  a  horrible 
mistake  yesterday  respecting  '  Stella  '  and  '  set.'  *  Your 
reading  is  so  obviously  true,  that,  on  coming  to  the  pas- 
sage in  connexion  with  the  context,  I  saw  my  blunder 
directly,  and  wondered  how  I  could  have  made  it.  But 
I  had  got  a  notion  in  my  head  that  Ben  Jonson  had  been 
speaking  of  the  lady  as  one  deceased,  i.  e.,  in  direct  allu- 
sion to  the  decease. 

"  Yery  trulj-  yours, 

"Leigu  Huxt." 
[W.  C.  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 

IX. 
"Hammersmith,  June  11  [18591. 
«  Dear  William  Hazlitt, 

"  (For  I  being  old,  and  your  father's  old  friend,  and 
you  therefore  being  an  everlasting  young  gentleman  in 
my  e3'es,  I  shall  never  be  able  to  settle  into  calling  you 
*Mr.'), — I  happen  this  moment  to  be  greatl\'  driven  for 
time,  but  nevei-theless  I  cannot  lose  a  moment  in  thanking 
you  for  the  letter  which  this  moment  I  have  received. 
You  have  done  all  that  f  I  hoped,  and  more  than  I  ex- 
pected, and  I  am 

"  Your  truly  obliged 

"  and  faithful, 

"  Leigh  Huxt. 
"  1  trust  to  have  the  pleasure  of  thanking  Mr.  Reynell 
personally  to-morrow.     My  state   of  body  is  mending 
again,  and  this  good  news  will  help  it." 
[William  Hazlitt,  Esq.] 


AELIVS  DONATVS  SEPTEM  SAPIENTI- 
BVS  SCHOLARVM  ANGLIAE  PVBLICA- 
RVM  S.  P.  D. 

De  octo  oeationis  paetibtjs. 
Partes  orationis  quot  sunt  ?    Octo.    Quae  ?  No- 
men,  pronomen,  verbum,  advei-bium,  participium, 
conjuuctio,  pnepositio,  et  inter] ectio. 
De  >'omine. 
Nomen  quid  est  ?     Pars  orationis    cum   casu, 
corpus  aut  rem  proprie,  communiterve  significans. 
Proprie,  ut  Roma,  Tiberis ;  commimiter,  ut  urbs, 
'  flumen. 

Nomini  quot  acciduut  ?    Sex.   Qucc  ?    Qualitas, 
comparatio,  genus^  nuraerus,  figura,  casus. 
♦         ♦*••* 

*  We  had  been  talking  over  my  then  new  edition  of 
the  Poems  of  Henry  Constable,  1859,  8vo,  on  the  pre- 
ceding evening,  at  Mr.  Hunt's  house.  Mr.  Hunt's  allu- 
sion is  to  Jonson's  lines  in  the  Underwoods,  cited  in  my 
Memoir  of  H.  C. :  — 

"Hath  our  great  Sydney  Stella  set,"  &c. 

t  The  negotiating  with  Messrs.  Routledge  for  the— alas ! 
posfliurnon?  edition  of  Mr.  Hunt's  Poems. 


De  PEOJfOMINE. 

Pronomen  quid  est?  Pars  orationis  quje  pro 
nomine  posita,  tantundem  penesignificat,  perso- 
namque  intei'dum  recipit. 

Pronomini  quot  acciduut  ?  Sex.  Qua3  ?  Qua- 
litas,  genus,  numerus,  figura,  persona,  casus. 

De  verbo. 

Verbum  quid  est  ?  Pars  orationis  cum  tempore 
et  persona,  sine  casu^  aut  agere  aliquid,  aut  pati, 
aut  neutrum  significans. 

Verbo  quot  accidunt  ?  Septem.  Qute  ?  Modus, 
conjugatio,  genus,  numerus,  figura,  tempus,  et 
persona. 

*  •         «         «    .     *         * 

Ds   ADVERBIO. 

Adverbium  quid  est  ?  Pars  orationis  qua3  ad- 
jecta  verbo,  significationem  ejus  explanat  atque 
implet. 

Adverbio  quot  accidunt  ?  Tria.  Qu^e  ?  Signi- 
ficatio,  comparatio,  et  figura. 

De  PARTicino. 
Participium  quid  est  ?     Pars  orationis  partem 
capiens  nominis,  partemquo  verbi.     Eecipit  enim 
a  nomine  genera  et  casus ;  a  verbo  tempora  ct  sig- 
nificationes :  ab  utroque  numerum  et  figuram. 

Participio  quot  accidunt ?    Sex.    Qua??    Genus, 
casus,  tempus,  significatio,  numerus,  et  figura. 
****** 

De  coNjuNcnojiE. 

Conjunctio  quid  est?  Pars  orationis  annectens 
ordinansque  sententiam. 

Conjunctioni  quot  accidunt?  Tiia.  Qu»? 
Potestas,  figura,  et  ordo. 

•  *»•♦» 

De  PE^rosiTio>-E. 

Prsepositio  quid  est  ?  Pars  orationis  quae  pra^- 
posita  aliis  partibus  orationis,  significationem 
earum  aut  coinplet,  aut  mutat,  aut  minuit. 

Prfepositioni  quot  accidunt  ?  Unum.  Quod  ? 
Casus  tantum.  Quot  casus  ?  Duo.  Qui  ?  Ac- 
cusativus  et  ablativus. 


De  ixteejectioxe. 
Interj  ectio  quid  est  ?     Pars  orationis  significans 
mentis  affectum  voce  incondita. 

Interjectioni   quot  accidunt?     Unum.    Quod? 
Significatio  tantum. 

****** 

E  libro  impresso  perantiquo 
penes  Boltox  uoenet. 


Bri  S.  XI.  J  AX.  o,  XT.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


MORKIN,  OR  MORTKIX. 
Only  two  instances  of  the  use  of  the  unusual 
word  *•'  morliin  "  have  come  under  my  notice.  One 
occurs  in  Bishop  Hall's  Satires,  book  iii.  No.  it.  : — 
"  Could  he  not  sacrifice 
Some  sorry  morkin  that  unbiddea  dies. 
Or  meagre  heifer,  or  some  rotten  ewe.'" 
All  the  annotators  that  I  am  acquainted  \\ith 
explain  the  word  in  this  instance,  in  terms  vvhich 
have  been  adopted  generally  by  our  lexicogia- 
phers  and  glossarists,  as  meaning  an  animal  which 
had  died  by  sickness  or  mischance. 

The  other  instance  is  to  be  found  in  the  statute 
of  3rd  James  I.,  cap.  9.  In  the  preamble  of  that 
statute  there  is  mention  of  "  Lamb-skins  called 
Morkuis;''''  and  in  the  third  section  it  was  enacted 
that  no  merchant  should  at  an}-  one  time  buy  less 
than  1000  black  coney-skins,  or  3000  grey  cuney- 
skins,  or  2000  lamb-skins,  called  morkins.  To 
reconcile  these  two  uses  of  the  word,  we  must  of 
course  suppose  that  the  statute  applied  not  gene- 
rally to  the  skins  of  all  lambs,  which  it  seems  to 
do,  but  only  to  the  skins  of  lambs  which  died  by 
.sickness  or  mischance.  Granting  this,  which  is 
no  large  concession  in  construing  an  Act  of  Par- 
liament, the  two  examples  are  in  unison ;  but  we 
'get  no  information  from  either  of  them  as  to  the 
derivation  of  the  word,  respecting  which  the 
philologers  are  a  little  astray. 

I  have  lately  met  with  another  form  of  the 
same  word.  It  difiers  only  in  one  letter ;  but  in 
the  consideration  of  its  origin,  that  slight  differ-  I 
ence  will  be  found  important,  and  I  therefore 
think  it  worth  while  to  send  you  a  notice  of  it. 
It  occurs  in  an  imdated  paper,  presumed  to  be  of 
the  time  of  Charles  I.  The  trade  of  the  skinners 
being  very  much  depressed,  a  scheme  was  pro- 
pounded for  their  advantage.  It  was  to  buy  up 
"coney-skins  and  mortkins,^^  to  bring  them  up 
from  all  parts  of  the  country  to  a  warehouse  in 


London,  to  "  taw  "  such  as  were  worth  being  sub- 
mitted to  that  process,  and  then  to  export  them 
to  the  shores  of  the  Baltic,  where  they  were  used 
in  clothing  for  the  lower  classes.  The  little  t 
which  is  here  inserted  at  the  end  of  the  first 
syllable  is  the  occasiun  of  my  addressing  you. 

I  may  add,  that  the  scheme  of  the  skinners  was 
opposed  by  the  Eastland  merchants,  whose  mono- 
poly it  invaded.  In  their  answer  they  state  a 
circumstance  which  is  worthy  of  commemoration 
as  having  conduced  to  drive  leathern  garments 
out  of  use  :  — 

"  The  Eastland  merchants  are  not  sole  traders  m  those 
commodities.  The  French  have  lately  found  out  a  more 
profitable  use  of  clipping  seasoned  coney -skins,  and  work- 
ing the  hairs  or  wool  of  them  into  hats ;  and  with  them 
drive  a  great  trade  into  Italy,  and  thereby  employ  their 
poor  in  great  numbers  to  good  profit;  by  which  means 
probably  the  price  of  this  sort  of  skins  is  raised  so  high 
that  few  or  none  of  them  can  now  be  used  in  poor  people's 
garments." 

JoHii  Beuce. 


CHRISTMAS  DAY.* 

The  rest  of  the  passage  is  as  follows :  — 

"  If  that  the  Cristmassc  day 
Faile  vpon  a  Weddensday, 
[  That  yeere  shal  bee  harde  and  strong, 

I  And  many  huge  wyndes  araonge. 

I  The  somer  goode  and  mury  shal  be, 

And  that  yeere  shal  bee  plentee. 
Yonge  folkes  shal  dye  alsoo  ; 
Shippes  in  the  see,  tempest  and  woo. 
What  chylde  that  day  is  borne,  is  his 
Fortune  to  be  doughty  and  wys, 
Discrete  al-so  and  sleeghe  of  deede. 
To  fynde  feel  folkes  mete  and  weede. 

If  Cristmasse  day  on  therusday  bee, 
A  wonder  wynter  yee  shoule  see,' 
Of  wyndes  and  of  weders  wicke, 
Tempestes  eeke  many  and  thicke. 
The  somer  shal  bee  strong  and  drj-e, 
Come  and  beestes  shal  niulteplye, 
Ther  as  the  lande  is  goode  of  tilthe  ; 
But  kynges  and  lordes  shal  dye  by  filthe. 
What  chylde  that  day  eborne'beeli 
He  shal  no  dov.-te  Right  weel  ethee. 
Of  deedes  that  been  good  and  stable, 
Of  speeche  ful  wyse  and  Raysonablo. 
Who-so  that  day  bee  thefl't  aboute, 
He  shal  bee  shent,  with-outen  doute  ; 
But  if  seeknesse  that  day  thee  felle. 
Hit  ma}*  not  long  with  thee  dv,-elle. 

If  Cristmasse  day  on  frj-daj-  be. 
The  frost  of  wynter  harde  shal  be. 
The' frost,  snowe,  and  the  floode; 
But  at  the  eende  hit  shal  bee  goode. 
The  somer  goode  and  feyre  alsoo, 
Folk  in  eertlie  shal  haue  gret  woo. 
Wymmen  with  chylde,  bee-les,  and  corne, 
r  Shal  multeplye,  and  noon  be  lorne. 

Tlie  children  that  been  borr.e  that  day, 
Shoule  longe  lyve,  and  lechcherous  a}". 
If  Cristmasse  day  on  Saturday  falle, 
That  wvnter  wee  most  dreeden  allc. 
Hit  sbal  bee  ful  of  foule  tem.pest. 
That  hit  shal  slee  bothe  man  and  beest. 
Fruytes  and  corne  shal  fayle,  gret  woone, 
And  eclde  folk  dye  many  oon. 
^Miat  woman  that  of  chylde  travayle, 
Th.ey  shoule  bee  boothe  in  gret  paraj-lc. 
And  children  that  been  borne  that  day, 
^\'ith  June  half  yeere  shal  dye,  no  nay." 

Here /t'6-Z  means  many  J  ?'.Tfr7^,  clothing;  uicke, 
wicked,  foul ;  shetif,  brought  to  confusion  ;  lorne, 
lost  ,•  u-oone,  plenty.  The  forms  cbornc  for  y-hora 
(born),  and  ethee  for  y-thee  (to  thrive),  are  vvorth 
noting. 

I  ought  to  add  that  the  poem  does  not  quito 
end  here,  but  contains  also  a  short  epilogue,  two 
of  the  lines  of  which  are  too  good  to  be  omitted, 
viz., 

"  For  thoughe  hi  this  lande  it  ne  fiillc, 
In  other  landes  see  it  men  shalle ;  " 

{.  c.  if  these  prophecies  do  not  come  true  in  Eng- 
land, they  will  do  so  elseirlierc ;  an  idea  which  I 
commend  to  all  weather-prophets  as  worthy  of 
adoption.  Walter  TV.  Skeat. 

*  Continued  from  '6^'^  S.  x.  507. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XI.  Jan.  5, 


Inedited  Letter  of  King  James  VI.  to  the 
King  oe  Navaere. — 

"  Monsieur  raon  frere  je  u'ay  vonleu  laisser  passer  I'oc- 
casion  du  partemant  du  sieur'de  Bartas  sans  par  la  pre- 
sente  vous  tesmoigner  le  grand  contentement  que  j'ay 
receu  par  sa  compagnie  ce  terns  passe  et  combien  son 
absence  me  seroit  deplaisante  sy  autremant  se  pourroit 
faire.  Vous  avez  certes  grande  occasion  de  louer  Dieu  et 
vous  estime  tres  heureux  d'avoir  le  service  et  conseil 
d'ua  si  rare  et  vertueux  personnage.  Je  cesse  d'eu  dire 
davantage  puisque  ses  nierites  publient  ses  louanges  et 
vous  prie  de  croire  taut  luy  que  ce  gentilhomme  mon 
serviteur  *  qui  I'acompagne  comrae  moj'-mesme  en  tout 
ce  qu'ils  vous  diront  de  ma  part.  Cependant  je  fay  fin 
priant  Dieu,  Monsieur  mon  frere,  de  vous  donner  tel 
succes  en  toutes  vos  affaires  que  vos  actions  meritent  et 
vostre  cceur  pourra  souhaiter. 

"De  Falklande  ce  vingt  et  sixiesme  de  septembre, 
1587. 

"  Yostre  tres  aifectionne  frere, 

"Jacques. 
"  Suscription  :  A  Monsieur  mon  tres  cher 
frere  le  roy  de  Xavarre." 

The  above  letter  has  been  given  to  the  vsrorld 
by  the  Countess  Marie  de  Raymond,  and  appears 
for  the  first  time  in  "  Ties  des  Poetes  Gascotis,  par 
Guillaume  Cottelet,  de  I'Academie  Fran^aise,  etc. 
8vo.  Paris,  1866."  Respecting  the  stay  of  Du 
Bartas  at  the  court  of  James  VI.,  M.  F.  Michel 
has  published  a  number  of  curious  details,  chiefly 
derived  from  the  despatches  of  various  ambassa- 
dors, in  his  recent  work,  Zes  Ecossais  en  France  et 
les  JFran^ais  en  Ecosse,  J,  Maceay. 

Lunar  Ineltjence.  —  Of  the  power  exercised 
by  our  satellite  on  the  atmosphere  and  waters  of 
this  earth  so  much  has  been  said  and  written, 
and  it  is  apparently  now  so  well  established  a  fact, 
especially  after  the  magnetical  experiments  of 
Colonel  Sabine  on  atmospheric  tides,  that  little 
need  be  said  on  the  subject.  It  is,  therefore,  only 
of  the  influence  exercised  over  animal  and  vege- 
table substances  that  I  wish  to  speak.  Every 
cook  will  tell  you  that  meat  hung  in  the  moon- 
light soon  becomes  putrid.  The  baleful  effects 
of  the  moonbeams  are  universally  acknowledged 
by  all  wild  or  lialf-civilised  people,  always  keen 
observers  of  nature.  Dr.  Madden  and  other  tra- 
vellers inform  us  how  careful  the  Arabs  and 
Egyptians  are  of  sleeping  in  the  moonlight.  So  it 
is  also  with  the  negroes  in  the  West  Indies,  and  for 
aught  I  know  in  their  own  country. 

Lieut.  Burton,  by  no  means  an  unobservant 
traveller,  says  that  many  an  incautious  negro  has 
risen  in  the  morning  from  his  sleep  in  the  moon- 
light with  one  side  of  his  face  by  no  means  the 
colour  of  the  other,  and  probably  it  took  him 
months  to  recover  from  the  effects  of  moonblow 
(Scinde,  ii.  12). 

Mr.  Davidson  informs  us  that  the  few  who 
recover    from   the   Bawca  fever    are   subject  to 

*  Le  Sieur  de  Meulh,  d'une  triis  noble  famille  originaire 
de  Nerac. 


severe  nervous  attacks  at  every  full  and  change  of 
moon.  {Travels  in  the  far  East,  76). 

Sir  Charles  Napier,  in  a  letter  to  his  brother 
from  Scinde,  says,  "It  is  strange,  but  as  true  as 
gospel,  that  at  every  new  and  full  moon  down  we 
all  go  here  with  fever."  {Life,  S,-c.,  iii.  27.) 

Now  I  will  furnish  you  with  another  instance 
witnessed  by  myself  Returning  from  New  York, 
1829,  in  the  Florida,  Capt.  Tinkham,  a  poor  Irish 
lad  was  put  on  board  as  a  passenger  with  a  caution 
to  the  captain  that  he  was  subject  to  epileptic  fits, 
which  always  recurred  at  every  full  and  change 
of  the  moon.  Curious  to  ascertain  the  truth  of 
this,  the  captain  and  myself  paid  particular  atten- 
tion to  the  conduct  of  the  lad  at  the  approaching 
full  moon.  Up  to  the  day  previous  to  that  event 
no  change  whatever,  but  on  the  day  of  the  full 
moon  he  was  reported  by  the  mate  to  be  ill  and 
unable  to  leave  his  berth  j  and  so  he  continued 
during  the  two  following  days.  On  the  fourth 
day  he  resumed  his  duties  as  if  nothing  had  hap- 
pened. 

Are  the  above  merely  coincidences,  or  really  the 
effect  of  lunar  influence  ?  A.  C.  M. 

Errors  in  Parish  Registers  :  the  Dalmahoy 
Family.  —  I  have  lately  had  the  opportunity  of 
seeing  the  wonderful  errors  of  spelling  to  be  found 
in  parish  registers  before  the  year  1760,  and  I 
have  procured  two  certificates  of  entries  which 
are  among  the  most  remarkable  I  have  met  with. 
They  are  — 

1.  "  St  Martins  in  the  Fields.  Middlesex.  Sepultorum 
Septembris  1659.  2.d.  Elizabetha  Demohoy  Ducissa  Se- 
pulta  in  cancella  " 

2.  "  St  Martins  in  the  Fields.  Middlesex,  Sepult  Norn 
May  1682.  27  Thomas  Delomhay  M." 

The  first  of  these  entries  records  the  burial  in 
the  chancel  of  Lady  Elizabeth  Maxwell,  heiress 
of  the  Earl  of  Dirleton,  Duchess  of  Hamilton,  and 
widow  of  William  Duke  of  Hamilton,  who  was 
mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Worcester. 
The  second  entry  is  that  of  Thomas  Dalmahoy, 
Esq.,  the  second  husband  of  the  Duchess  of  Hamil- 
ton. (See  note  to  Pepj^s's  Diary,  May  11,  1660, 
4th  edit.  p.  59.)  He  was  M.P.  for  Guildford, 
1661-1678,  and  was  a  son  of  Sir  John  Dalmahoy, 
CO.  Edinburgh,  and  of  Barbara,  daughter  of  Sir 
Bernard  Lyndsay,  brother  of  the  Earl  of  Craw- 
ford. His  brother,  John  Dalmahoy,  Esq.,  married 
Rachael  Wilbraham,  daughter  of  Thomas  Wil- 
braham  of  Nantwich,  ancestor  of  Lord  Skelmers- 
dale.  The  two  last  baronets  of  the  family  of 
Dalmahoy  were :  Sir  Alexander  Dalmahoy,  who 
died  at  Appin  House,  xlrgyleshire,  January  4, 
1800,  and  his  cousin  Sir  John  Hay  Dalmahoy, 
who  died  unmarried  at  Westerham,  Kent,  Oct.  10, 
1800.  This  last  was  the  only  son  of  Alexander 
Dalmahoy,  chemist,  of  Ludgate  Hill.  The  chemist 
was  grandson  of  Sir  Alexander  Dalmahoy  (2nd 
baronet),  and  of  Alicia  Paterson,  daughter  of  the 


S^^  S.  XI.  .Tax.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


9 


late  Arclibishop  of  Glasgow.  Anue  Margaret 
Elizabeth,  sister  of  the  last  baronet,  married  the 
Eev.  Thomas  Pinnock  of  Ippoletts,  co.  Hertford, 
and  she  had  a  sister.    Are  there  any  descendants  ? 

F. 

Old  Regollectio^'^s. — The  story  which  you  tell 
of  Ilervey  Aston  (3"*  S.  x.  475)  is  perfectly  true. 
You  might  have  added  that  he  was  an  unerring 
shot,  and  was  sure,  if  he  chose,  to  have  killed 
Ms  opponent.  He  levelled  his  pistol  and  covered 
Ms  adversary's  heart,  and  said,  "  Major,  if  I  fire 
you  are  assuredly  a  dead  man ;  I  can  hit  you  to 
the  heart ;  but  it  shall  never  be  said  of  Hervey 
Aston  that  the  last  act  of  his  life  was  one  of 
revenge,"  and  tossed  away  his  pistol,  resigning 
Mmself  to  death.  I  knew  his  mother  well  in  my 
younger  days.  She  was  then  the  widow  of  her 
second  husband,  a  Mr.  Tinker,  and  was  residing  at 
Ulverstone,  in  Lancashire,  with  her  daughter 
Lady  Legard.  She  was  eighty-four  years  of  age, 
and  still  a  handsome  woman,  full  of  life  and 
spirit  and  anecdote.  Among  others,  she  told  me 
that,  when  she  was  a  little  girl,  she  remembered 
the  young  Pretender  coming  to  her  father's  house 
in  1745.  "I  thought  him,"  she  said,  the  "  beau- 
tifulest  man  I  had  ever  seen.  He  took  me  up  in 
Ms  arms  and  kissed  me ;  and  I  sang  '  Over  the 
water  to  Charlie '  to  him."  I  ought  to  add  she 
was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Dickinson,  one  of  the 
old  genuine  Eoman  Catholic  families  of  Lanca- 
sMre,  and,  as  such,  great  supporters  of  the  Stuarts. 

Senex. 
Vessel-cup  Girls.— The  vessel-cup  girls  have 
been  early  afoot  this  year.  On  the  boundary  line 
of  the  North  and  East  Ridings,  and  again  in  the 
Wapentake  of  Bulmer,  we  have  seen  and  heard 
them  at  intervals  ever  since  the  beginning  of 
Advent,  going  in  pairs  or  little  companies  about 
the  streets  and  roads,  carrying  with  them  in  an 
open  box  the  dressed  lady-doll  which  represents  the 
Virgin  Mary,  and  singing  their  time-worn  carol 
from  house  to  house  :  — 

"  God  rest  you,  merry  gentlemen, 

Let  nothing  you  dismay, 
For  Jesus  Ctirist  our  Saviour 

Our  sins  doth  take  away," — 

and  so  on  ;  including  always  this  stanza :  — 
"  God  bless  the  master  of  the  house, 
The  mistress  also. 
Likewise  the  little  children 
That  round  the  table  go." 

Brand  (Observations,  p.  195,  ed.  1777)  says,  in 
a  vague  way : — 

"There  was  an  ancient  custom  (I  know  not  whether  it 
be  not  yet  retained  in  many  places)  :  joung  women  went 
about  with  a  wassail-bowl,  that  is,  a  bowl  of  spiced  ale  on 
New  Year's  Eve,  with  some  sort  of  verses  that  were  sung 
by  them  in  going  about  from  door  to  door." 

Are  these  our  vessel-cup  girls,  vessel  being  a 
corruption  of  ivaes  hael? 


It  is  odd  that  the  box  they  carry  (whicb  stands, 
I  suppose,  for  the  manger  of  Bethlehem)  should 
contain  the  Virgin,  and  not  the  Bambino. 

A.  J.  M. 

Christmas,  1866. 

Literary  Mxstieicatiok. — In  the  year  1858 
a  review,  with  the  title  of  Reruc  Germanique,  was 
commenced  at  Paris ;  and  after  a  few  years  tbe 
title  was  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  the  words 
Franqaise  et  Etrungere.  The  editor,  M.  Charles 
Dollfus,  wishing,  as  he  states  in  a  short  preface, 
to  give  a  more  comprehensive  title  to  his  review, 
changed  its  name  in  1865  to  that  o[  Revue Moclei-ne ; 
but  instead  of  commencing  his  new  series  by  de- 
scribing it  as  tome  i.,  he  has  continued  to  number 
the  volumes  as  if  they  formed  a  continuous  series 
with  the  Revue  Germanique.  Thus,  if  any  reader 
of  the  Revue  Moderne  asks  for  tome  i.,  he  will  be 
presented  with  tome  i.  of  the  Revue  Germanique, 
and  so  on ;  or  he  will  be  informed  by  any  one 
ignorant  of  the  transformation  that  tome  i.  cannot 
be  found  in  the  series.  J.  Maceay. 


eSuertei. 

IRISH  PAMPHLETS. 


I  have  a  collection  of  pamphlets  relative  to  Ire- 
land, 1770-1784,  made  by  the  Earl  of  Shannon  at 
the  time  of  their  appearance,  and  carefully  pre- 
served in  seven  vols.  8vo.  Several  of  them  hav- 
ing been  published  anonymously,  I  am  anxious  to 
ascertain  the  names  of  the  authors  of  the  follow- 
ing; and  with  this  object  in  view,  1  am  induced 
to  trouble  you :  — 

1.  The  Constitution  of  Ireland  and  Poyning's  Laws 
Explained.     Dublin,  1770. 

2.  An  Address  to  the  Representatives  of  the  People. 
Dublin,  1771. 

3.  The  Alarm ;  or,  the  Irish  Spj'.    Dublin,  1779. 

•  4.  The  First  Lines  of  Ireland's  Interest  in  the  Year 
1780.     Dublin,  1779. 

5.  The  Letters  of  Guatimozin  on  the  Affairs  of  Ireland. 
Dublin,  1779. 

[By  Frederick  Jebb.] 

6.  A  Letter  to  the  People  of  Ireland  on  the  Present 
Associations  in  Ireland,  in  favour  of  our  own  Manufac- 
tures, &c.     Dublin,  1779. 

7.  A  Comparative  View  of  the  Public  Burdens  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  &c.     Dublin,  1779. 

8.  A  Defence  of  Great  Bi-itain  against  a  charge  of 
Tyranny  in  the  Government  of  Ireland,  &c.  Dublin, 
1/79. 

9.  Impartial  Thoughts  on  a  Free  Trade  to  the  King- 
dom of  Ireland.    London,  1779. 

10.  Plain  Truth  ;  seriously  addressed  to  the  People  of 
Ireland,  particularly  to  the  Members  of  both  Houses  of 
Parliament.    T)ublin,  1779. 

11.  Plain  Reasons  for  new-modelling  Pojiiing's  Laws, 
&c.     Dublin,  1780. 

12.  The  Strong-Box  opened  ;  or,  a  Fund  found  at 
Home,  &c.     Dublin,  1780. 

13.  A  Letter  from  a  Gentleman  of  the  Middle  Temple 
to  his  Friend  in  Dublin.    Dublin,  1780. 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S"--!  S.  XI.  Jak.  5,  '67. 


14.  An  Appeal  from  the  Protestant  Association  to  the 
People  of  Great  Britain.     Dublin,  1780. 

15.  Fragment  of  a  Letter  to  a  Friend  relative  to  the 
Eepeal  of  the  Test.    Dublin,  1780. 

16.  Thoughts  on  Newspapers  and  a  Free  Trade.  Dub- 
lin, 1780. 

17.  A  Scheme  for  a  Constitutional  Association,  &c. 
Dublin,  1780. 

18.  A  Volunteer's  Queries,  in  Spring,  1/80.  Dubhn, 
1780. 

19.  ObserratioES  on  tlie  Mutiny  Bill,  &c.  Dublin,  1781. 

20.  A  Review  of  the  three  great  National  Questions 
relative  to  a  Declaration  of  Right,  Poyning's  Law  and 
the  Mutiny  Bill.    Dublin,  1781. 

21.  The'  Alarm  ;  or,  An  Address  to  the  Nobility,  Gen- 
try,  and  Clergy  of  tho  Church  of  Ireland.     Dublin,  1783. 

22.  A  Full  Refutation  of  the  Charges  alleged  against 
Poriugal  with  respect  to  Ireland.     Dublin,  1783. 

23.  Considerations  on  the  Effects  of  Protecting  Duties. 
Dublin,  1783. 

2i.  A  Reform  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons  Consi- 
dered.   Dublin,  1783. 
25.  Drawcansir;  or,  the  Mock  Reforms.    Dublin,  1784. 

The  last-named  pamphlet  is  *'  an  heroic  poem, 
dedicated  to  Gorg.  Edm.  Ho-n^ard,  Esq.,"  and  is 
embellished  with  a  rather  curious  portrait  of 
"Dr.  Frederick  Ilervev,  Earl  of  Bristol  and 
Bishop  of  Derry."  Any  information  respecting 
the  authorship  of  any  in  the  list  will  much  oblige 

ASHBA. 


EXTEAOCDIXARY  ASSEMBLIES  OF  BlEDS,  —  Can 

any  of  your  readers  inform  me  where  I  will  find 
an'  account  of  a  vast  assemblage  of  birds  near 
Cork  some  years  since  ? 

Last  night  about  sunset,  as  I  was  passing  a  place 
called  Pollarton  with  two  companions,  we  came 
upon  a  curious  sight.  For  at  least  half  a  mile  the 
trees,  hedges,  road,  and  fields  on  either  side  were 
literally  black  with  crows  as  close  as  letters  on  a 
sheet  of  The  Times  (so  to  speak).  The  vast  as- 
sembly was  perfectly  silent  and  almost  motion- 
less, except  where  their  members  occupied  the 
road  (so  as  to  connect  the  fields),  and  these  rose 
for  a  minute  to  let  tis  pass.  Mj^  companions  had 
never  before  seen  such  a  phenomenon.  The  num- 
ber of  crows  could  not  have  been  under  a  million. 

Burton,  in  the  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  men- 
tions a  similar  assembly,  and  says,  "the  last  comer 
is  killed."  Query,  because  being  the  last  he  has 
not  paired  off  for  the  season,  and  is  at  their  meet- 
ings the  only  5.7c7»eZo/- .'  Sp. 

BuRTfi.VG  OF  inE  JEsriTs'  Books. — There  was 
an  article  a  few  years  ago  in  one  of  the  Magazines 
concerning  the  burning  of  the  Jesuitical  books  at 
Paris  seen  by  Bifrons.  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents help  me  to  the  reference  ? 

J.  WiLKDfS,  B.C.L. 
Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 

Caliabiie.— In  the  Tunes  of  Nov.  19,  186G, 
there  is  the  report  of  a  ca;e  in  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench,  *'  The  Queen  v.  The  Treasurer  and  Go- 


vernors of  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,''  in  which 
occurs  the  following  passage :  — 

"  That  in  1557  certain  ordinances  and  articles  for  the 
government  of  Hospitals  were  derived  and  prepared,  by 
which  it  was  ordained  as  follows  : — '  The  number  of  per- 
sons that  shall  govern  the  4  Hospitals  shall  be  60  at  least, 
and  14  of  them  to  be  aldermen  ;  that  is  to  say,  6  grey- 
cloakcs  and  8  callabre,  with  52  grave  commoners,  citi- 
zens, and  freemen  of  the  city.'" 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice  asked  the  meaning  of 
the  word  callabre,  and  Sir  Eoundel  Palmer  said  he 
believed  it  meant  a  kind  of  coarser  material  of 
which  the  civic  cloaks  were  made  in  ancient 
times  as  compared  with  gi'cy  cloaks. 

As  I  cannot  find  tliis  v»-ord  in  any  dictionary  I 
have,  will  you  inform  me  whether  the  m^eaning 
given  by  Sir  I\.  Palmer  is  correct,  and  if  the  ma- 
terial was  2cool!cn  ?  '        S.  Beisly. 

Sydenham. 

A  Chsistenik-g  Sermok. — 

"  My  gossips  wei-e  M"  Jane  Hallsyc,  wife  to  M""  John 

I  I-Ialls3-e,  one  of  the  citty  captains,  and  my  sister  Howlt 

I  and  Sir  Multon  Lambard,  who  sent  M'  Michael  Lee  for 

I  his   deputy ;    my  brother  Thomas  Isles  afterwards  be- 

I  stowed  a  christening  Sermon  on  iis." — "The  Domestic 

;  Chronicle    of    Thomas    Godfrej-,    Esq.,  a.d.   1615,"    in 

!  Nichols's  Topographer,  Sj-c,  ii.  455. 

I  Were  such  sermons  usual?     In  what  part  of 

I  the  baptismal  office  would  they  be  introduced? 

I  W.H.S. 

!  Yaxley. 

I      Lord  Coke  and  the  Covrt  of  Stae-Cham- 
I  BER.  —  What  were  the  opinions  of  Coke  as  to  this 
tribunal  ?     Is  it  known  that  he  ever  lifted  up  his 
voice  against  it  publicly  ?     References  to  authori- 
ties for  these  queries  will  oblige  J.  C.  H.  F. 

Frexch  TopoGRArnr.  —  Can  you  give  me  the 
names  and  dates  of  any  works  on  Sbiith- Western 
France,  more  particularly  Bordeaux,  its  antiqui- 
ties, &c. ;  and  also  on  the  districts  of  Brittany 
(North)  and  La  ^'endee,  &c.,  published  within  the 
last  ten  or  fifteen  years  ?  George  Tragett. 

Awbridge  Danes. 

Je2?x>'S  QrEEiES. — In  my  researches  into  t'na 
history  of  the  Jenyns,  Jeunens,  and  Jennings 
families,  I  have  come  upon  several  stumbling- 
bloelvs,  many  of  which  I  cannot  remove.  I  should 
be  very  thaulcful  for  any  information  on  the  fol- 
lowing points :  — 

1.  The  relationship  between  Ralphe  Jenyns  of 
Churchill,  and  Sir  Nicholas  Jenyns  of  Islington, 
whose  estate  of  Fanne  he  inherited.  (Ralphe 
fl.  1563.) 

2.  The  descent  of  Thomas  Jennyns  of  Walley- 
bourne,  county  Salop,  who  married  the  co-heires3 
of  Jay,  and  from  whom  descended  several  wealthy 
families  of  the  name  in  Salop,  Essex,  and  Somer- 
set. 

3.  The  descendants  of  the  six  children  of  Sir 
Edmiuid  JenningS;  Kniglit,  of  Ripon^  who  was 


S'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


at^ed  thirty-eight  in  the  year  of  the  visitation 
(1665);  also  the  descent  of  Peter  Jennings  of  Sjels- 
den,  county  Ebor  (Sir  Edmund'?  grandfather). 

4.  The  descent  of  Counsellor  .Jennings,  father 
of  the  Admiral,  and  of  the  cotemporary  branches 
of  this  Salop  family. 

6.  The  descent  of  Richard  Jcnnens  of  Long 
Wittenham,  Berks,  who  married  Mary  Ilolbeach, 
find  whose  son  Richard  lived  at  Priucethorp,  co. 
Warwick,  and  married,  say  1725,  Susannah  Blen- 

6.  Any  information  respecting  the  firm  of  Ross 
Jennings  &  Cox,  wharfingers,  London,  say  1790, 
and  of  the  partners  therein  ;  or  regarding  a  cer- 
tain Ross  Jennings,  born  in  Cumberland  1738, 
who  died  1822  at  Chinsurah  in  Bengal. 

FrmsK  OiiDE  Ruspi^ri. 

11,  Peel  Street,  Manchester. 

Sir  GoDrKEY  Knellek.  —  Do  his  papers,  ac- 
count books.  Sec,  exist  ?  If  so,  do  they  contain 
entries  of  the  dates  of  his  portraits  ?  S.  C. 

IIaxsah  Lightfoot  ("X.  &  Q.,"  passim.)— 
Being  well  acquainted  with  all  the  statements 
regardino-  Hannah  Lierhtfoot,  emhodied  in  my 
complete" series  of  -''N.^fc  Q.,"  and  in  Mr.  Jesse's 
recently-published  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Beic/n 
of  George  the  Third,  1  am  de.sirous  to  learn  upon 
what  positive  and  unquestionable  evidence  the 
claims  of  that  ladv  to  a  place  in  the  secret  liistory 
of  England  rest.  "  To  me,  and  I  believe  to  most 
others°who  have  examined  the  point,  the  truth  of 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  statements  regarding  her 
appears  questionable.  Placing  aside  all  scandal- 
ous and  suppressed  memoirs  and  unauthenticat'ed 
paragraphs,  what  are  the  clearly  ascertained  facts  ? 
i  shall  he  glad  to  receive  information  upon  the 
following  points :  — 

Mr.  Jesse  appears  to  give  some  weight  to  the 
assertion  that  Mr.  Beckford  was  a  heliever  in  this 
and  some  others  of  Olivia  Serres's  statements. 
Upon  what  authority  do  the  Coiiversafions  tcith 
Mr.  Bcchford,  published  in  the  seventy-second 
volume  of  the  New  Monthly  Magazine,  rest? 
What  is  the  history  of  the  portrait  hy  Sir  J.  Rey- 
nolds of  Mrs.  Axford,  which  Mr.  G.  Steinman 
Steinman  and  INIr.  Jesse  describe  as  existing  at 
Knowle  ?  What  is  the  date  of  puhlication  of  the 
Authentic  Records  of  the  Court  of  England  cited 
by  Mr.  Jesse  ?  A  complete  list  of  the  published 
writings  of  Olivia  Series  is  a  desideratum. 

CALCUTTE^^SIS. 

Makt  QrEEN  OF  Scots.— Are  the  letters  found 
in  the  silver  casket,  written  or  said  to  be  written 
by  the  Queen  of  Scots  to  Bothwell,  in  existence, 
or  have  tiiey  ever  been  published  ?  Has  the  letter 
been  printed  written  by  Queen  Slary  to  tlie  Queen 
Elizabeth,  stating  the  "manner  in  which  Elizabeth 
•was  abused  by  the  Countess  of  Shrewsbury  at 
Hard  wick?  -^• 


Large  Silver  Medal.— I  have  a  medal  in  fine 
preservation  with  a  profile  bust  of  William  III., 
around  which  is  his  name  and  title.  On  the  re- 
verse side  is  a  female  figure  wearing  the  naval 
crown,  and  holding  in  her  right  hand  a  trident ; 
with  the  left  she  leans  on  a  shield,  before  which 
lies  a  broken  yoke.  A  book,  probably  intended 
for  a  Bible,  with  an  olive  branch  on  it,  is  also 
Ivin?  before  her,  and  a  landscape  behind.  Above 
is  the  word  "  restitvtori  "  and  "  Britannia  . 
MDCXCVii "  in  the  exergue.  It  is  2|  inches  in 
diam.eter,  and  nearly  the  weight  of  four  crown 
pieces.  What  was  it  struck  to  commemorate  ? 
Henrv  T.  Wake. 

Morocco.  —  ^Vanted  the  names  and  date  of 
accession  of  the  Emperors  of  Morocco  Jroni  1786 
to  the  present  time.  N.  RorsE. 

Edward  Norgate  :  a  Chain  Organ. — Edward 
Norgate,  commemorated  by  Fuller  in  his  Worthies, 
by  Horace  Y\'alpole,  by  Mr.  Sainsbury  and  others, 
as  among  the  most  conspicuous  of  the  minor  artists 
of  the  reigns  of  James  1.  and  Charles  I.,  seems  to 
have  been  an  extremely  busy  person.  His  skill  in 
the  embellishment  of  manuscripts  occasioned  his 
appointment  as  Illuminator  of  Royal  Patents  and 
Writer  of  Royal  Letters  to  foreign  sovereigns.  Some 
of  these,  addressed  to  the  King  of  Persia,  the  Em- 
peror of  Russia,  the  Grand  Signor  or  Great  Mogul, 
vrere  ornamented  with  illuminated  initial  letters? 
and  fanciful  scroll  borders,  vrhich  are  said  to  liave 
been  of  very  high  merit.  Norgate  was  also  Wind- 
sor Herald,  and  adorned  pedigrees  and  grants  of 
peerage  with  exquisite  specimens  of  his  talent-S. 
His  skill  as  a  connoisseur  in  works  of  a  higher 
description  of  art  occasioned  his  employment  by 
the  Earl  of  Arundel,  and  even  by  Charles  L  and 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  in  the  selection  of 
works  of  vertii  for  the  galleries  which  each  of 
these  great  patrons  of  art  was  anxious  to  form. 
In  addition  to  these  professional  employments,  he 
held  the  ofiicial  post  of  one  of  the  Clerks  of  the 
Signet  Extraordinary ;  and  Mr.  Sainsbury  was^the 
first  to  point  out  that,  in  conjunction  with  Andrea 
Bassano,  Norgate  had  charge  of  the  organs  in  the 
Royal  Chapels. 

A  document  has  lately  come  before  me  which 
relates  to  Norgate's  doings  in  the  last  of^these 
capacities.  It  is  dated  February  14,  1636-7,  and 
is  a  royal  warrant  for  the  advance  to  Norgate 
(who  had  probably  outlived  Andrea  Bas.sano)  of 
the  sum  of  140/.  — 


"  To  be  imploj-ed  for  the  alteringe  and  reparac'on  of  the 
Organ  iu  our  Chappell  at  Hampton  Court,  and  for  the 
matun^e  of  a  newe  Chaiae  Organ  there,  conformable  to 
those  alreadie  made  in  our  Royal  ChappeUs  at  Whitehall 
and  Greenwiche." 

Pray  what  was  ''a  chain  organ''  ? 

John  BRrcE. 

P.S.  Any  one  of  your  readers  who  has  access 


12 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'-'»  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '67 


to  the  register  of  "burials  at  St.  Bennet's,  Paul's 
Wharf,  would  clear  up  a  little  mystery  iu  the 
biography  of  Norgate,  if  he  -would  inform  us 
•whether  Norgate  was  really  buried  in  that  parish 
on  December  23,  1050,  as  stated  by  Noble  in  his 
Hidory  of  the  College  of  Anns,  p.  262. 

Papal  Bulls  i:^  rAvotrR  of  Freemasoits. — 
Numerous  writers  agree  in  stating  that  the  popes, 
in  the  middle  ages,  issued  Bulls  recommending 
the  confraternities  of  travelling  Freemasons  as 
church-builders.  Can  any  one  give  a  reference  as 
to  where  such  documents  can  be  found  ? 

In  asking  the  above,  the  querist  has  no  inten- 
tion of  raising  the  question  whether  these  Free- 
masons were  of  the  "  operative  "  or  "  speculative  " 
craft.  He  simply  wishes  an  authority  for  an 
oft-repeated  statement,  which  he  has  never  yet 
met  with.  M.  C. 

Petraech  :  IIi^iULTEUDA.  —  Have  we  any 
translation,  French  or  English,  of  the  family  let- 
ters of  Petrarch  ?  Is  anything  known  regarding 
the  parentage  of  Himultruda,  the  concubine  of 
Charlemagne;  and  was  it  in  commemoration  of 
her  or  some  other  character  that  the  temple  at 
Aix  was  built,  and  the  name  changed  from  Aquis- 
granum  to  Aix-la-Chapelle  ?  (Burton's  Ana- 
tomy of  Melancholy,  v.  549).  Mermaid. 

Scot,  a  Local  Prefix. — There  are  nine  places 
in  England  the  first  syllable  of  whose  name  is 
Scot,  viz. :  Scotby  in  Cumberland ;  Scotforth  in 
Lancashire  ;  Scothern,Scotter,  Scottlesthorpe,  and 
Scotton  in  Lincolnshire ;  Scotton  in  Yorkshire ; 
Scott-Willoughby  in  Lincolnshire,  and  Scottow 
in  Norfolk.  Sir.  Isaac  Taylor  (see  his  JForcls  and 
Places)  seems  to  be  of  opinion  that  these  places 
take  their  name  from  Scots  having  settled  there. 
This  is,  I  think,  clearlj'-  an  error,  though  at  present 
I  do  not  ofter  another  solution.  If  any  of  your 
correspondents  can  throw  light  on  the  matter  they 
will  oblige  me.  A.  O.  V.  P. 

Shakespeare's  Bible. —  Your  note  in  praise  of 
Bishop  Wordsworth's  truly  excellent  and  valuable 
•work  on  Shakespeare's  knowledge  and  use  of  the 
Bible  induces  me  to  ask  if  it  is  known  which  ver- 
sion of  the  Scriptures  was  used  by  the  great  poet. 
Unless  I  have  overlooked  it  in  this  or  other  works 
on  the  subject,  this  interesting  question  has  not 
yet  been  solved.  J.  0.  IIalliwell. 

West  Brompton,  S.W. 

Stricken  ix  Years.— What  does  this  phrase 
mean  ?  Stricken  with  years,  old  age,  as  with  a 
disease,  or  what  ?  Richardson  gives  no  instance 
of  its  use  ;  Johnson  quotes  from  Shakspeare  — 

"  His  noble  queen  well  struck  in  j'cars  "  ; 
but   says,  "I  know  not  well  how  ''  it  is  so  iised. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  furnish  early  in- 
stances by  v>'hich  this  phrase  may  be  explained  ? 


Without  these  instances,  suggestions  are  but  guess- 
work. H. 

Wedderbitrn  akd  FKAUKLEsr.  —  A  short  time 
ago  I  saw  in  some  periodical,  to  which  I  have 
mislaid  the  reference,  an  intimation  that  Wedder- 
burn  had,  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  given 
some  explanation  of  his  motives  for  treating 
Franklin  with  especial  severity  when  examined 
before  the  Privy  Council  on  the  affair  of  the 
letters.  If  any  of  your  correspondents  can  inform 
me  what  the  explanation  was  I  shall  be  greatly 
obliged,  though  I  cannot  say  that  I  think  the 
matter  requires  any  particular  explanation.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  Franklin's  conduct  was  base 
and  dishonest  in  the  extreme ;  and,  though  ex- 
asperating him  may  have  proved  impolitic,  I  can- 
not think  his  chastisement,  however  severe  it  may 
have  been,  was  undeserved.  Sisyphus. 


Cyriack  Skinner.  —  I  should  be  obliged  to 
any  of  your  correspondents  who  could  tell  me 
when  Cyriack  Skinner,  grandson  of  Lord  Coke, 
and  yet  political  sympathiser  and  most  intimate 
friend  of  Milton,  died ;  where  he  died  ;  whether 
married,  and  if  married,  to  whom ;  and  whether 
he  left  any  children.  A.  M.  G. 

[Mr.  Cj-riack  Skinner,  -well  known  as  the  associate  of 
Milton,  appears  to  have  been  the  grandson  of  Sir  Vincent 
Skinner,  Kut,  whose  eldest  son  and  heir,  William  Skin- 
ner, of  Thornton  College,  co.  Lincoln,  Esq.,  married 
Bridget,  second  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Coke,  Knt.. 
Chief  Justice  of  England.  The  affinity  between  Cyriack 
Skinner  and  this  distinguished  ornament  of  the  English 
bar  is  thus  alluded  to  by  Milton  in  his  21st  Sonnet :  — 

"  Cyriack,  whose  grandsire,  on  the  royal  bench 
Of  British  Themis,  with  no  mean  applause 
Pronounc'd,  and  in  his  volumes  taught,  our  laws, 
Which  others  at  their  bar  so  often  wrench." 

All  the  biographers  of  Milton  have  mentioned  that 
Cyriack  Skinner  was  his  favourite  pupil,  and  subsequently 
his  particular  friend.  Wood  incidentally  notices  him  in 
speaking  of  the  well-known  club  of  Commonwealth's  men, 
which  used  to  meet  in  1659  at  the  Turk's  Head  in  New 
Palace  Yard,  Westminster.  "Besides  our  author  (James 
Harrington)  and  H.  Nevill,  who  were  the  prime  men  of 
this  club,  were  Cyriack  Skinner,  a  merchant's  son  of 
London,  an  ingenious  young  gentleman,  and  scholar  to 
Jo.  Milton,  which  Skinner  sometimes  held  the  chair, 
Major  John  Wildman,"  &c.   {Athence,  iii.  1119,  ed.  1817.) 

In  the  year  1654.  we  learn  from  a  letter  addressed  to 
Milton  by  his  friend  Andrew  Marvel,  that  Skinner  "  had 
got  near  "  his  former  preceptor,  who  then  occupied  lodg- 
ings in  Petty  France,  Westminster.  About  a  3'ear  after 
Skinner  had  thus  become  the  neighbour  of  Milton,  the 
latter  addressed  to  him  that  beautiful  sonnet  on  the  loss 
of  his  siffht :  — 


3rd  s.  XI.  Jax.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


13 


"  Cyriack,  this  three  years  day  these  ej-es,  though  clear, 
To  outward  vie-iv,  of  blemish  or  of  spot, 
Bereft  of  liafht,  their  seeing  have  forgot ; 
Nor  to  their  idle  orbs  doth  sight  appear 
Of  sun,  or  moon,  or  star,  throughout  the  year. 

Or  man,  or  woman." 
From  the  decided  republican  principles  which  Cyriack 
Skinner  was  well  known  to  have  adopted,  it  is  not  im- 
probable that  he  was  suspected  of  participating  in  some 
of  the  numerous  political  conspiracies  which  prevailed 
during  the  last  ten  years  of  the  reign  of  Charles  11.,  and 
that  his  papers  were  seized  in  consequence.  This  may 
account  for  the  long-lost  theological  work  by  Milton 
having  been  found  in  the  State  Taper  Office,-  called  by 
Aubrey  Idea  Theologia,  and  by  Toland  A  System  of 
Diviniiy,  and  since  translated  by  Dr.  Sumner,  entitled  A 
Treatise  on  Christian  Doctrine,  4to,  1825. 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life  Cyriack  Skinner  resided 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields,  where  he  was 
buried  on  August  8,  1700,  leaving  an  only  daughter, 
named  Annabella,  who  administered  to  his  effects  on 
August  20,  1700.  We  cannot  discover  his  wife's  family 
name,  who  deceased  before  him.  Vide  Dr.  Sumner's  Pi-eli- 
miuary  Observations  to  Milton's  Treatise  on  CJiristian 
Doctrine,  and  Todd's  Life  of  Milton,  8vo,  1826.] 

He:^ry  Hudson. — Is  there  any  Life  of  Henry 
Hudson  extant  ?  It  will  be  remembered  he  was 
the  first  English  navigator  who  went  up  the 
Hudson  River  from  New  York  to  Albany  about 
the  year,  1610.  The  Dutch  settlers  called  him 
Hendrick  Hudson.  He  was  also  the  first  sailor 
who  explored  Hudson's  Bay ;  which,  like  the  river 
Hudson,  was  named  after  him.  Was  he  a  regular 
naval  officer,  or  only  the  captain  of  a  merchant- 
man? Where  did  he  sail  from,  and  from  what 
family  of  Iludsons  was  he  descended  ?  I  shall 
be  glad  to  learn  any  particulars  of  him,  as  so  little 
is  known  in  America  of  his  history  or  adventures. 

Frankfort-ou-Main,  Germany. 

[Of  the  early  personal  history  of  Henrj^  Hudson  very 
little  is  known.  He  resided  in  London,  was  married,  and 
had  an  only  son  ;  but  in  what  way  he  acquired  liis  prac- 
tical skill  in  navigation  we  are  not  informed.  The  whole 
period  of  his  life  known  to  us  extends  over  little  more 
than  four  years,  from  AprillO,  1607,  to  June  21,  1611. 
The  greater  part  of  this  time  is  filled  up  by  four  voyages, 
all  of  them  undertaken  in  search  of  a  short  northern  pas- 
sage to  the  eastern  shores  of  Asia.  The  first  voyage  was 
performed  in  1607,  for  the  Muscovy  Company :  its  pur- 
pose was  the  search  of  a  north-eastern  passage  to  China, 
The  second  voyage  took  place  in  1608,  also  in  search 
of  a  north-eastern  passage  to  China.  The  third  voyage 
•was  undertaken  in  1609,  at  the  expense  of  the  Dutch 
East  India  Company.  Its  starting-place  was  Amster- 
dam, its  original  purpose  still  the  search  of  a  north- 
eastern route.  In  1610,  Hudson  again  sailed  to  the 
north-west   in  search    of  a   passage:    the  expenses  of 


the  expedition  were  borne  by  three  English  gentlemen. 
Hudson  explored  the  strait  and  part  of  the  bay  which 
bear  his  name.  He  passed  the  winter  1610-11  in  one  of 
the  most  southern  harbours  of  the  bay.  On  the  21st  of 
June,  1611,  a  few  days  after  he  had  again  left  that  har- 
bour, a  mutiny  broke  out  among  the  crew;  and  Hudson, 
with  eight  companions,  was  set  adrift  on  the  waves  in 
a  small  boat,  and  has  never  since  been  heard  of.  The 
ship  and  part  of  the  mutinous  crew  reached  England  in 
safet3\  The  details  of  Hudson's  voyages  are  given  at 
length  in  Purchas's  Pilgrims  and  Harris's  Voyages.  The 
Hakluyt  Society  has  published  the  following  work : 
"  Henry  Hudson  the  Navigator  :  the  original  documents 
in  which  his  career  is  recorded  collected,  partly  translated, 
and  annotated,  with  an  Introduction  by  G.  M.  Asher, 
LL.D.  1860,  8vo."  Consult  also  The  Life  of  Henry 
Hudson,  by  H.  R.  Cleveland,  in  Sparks's  Library  of 
American  Biographj',  vol.  x.,  Boston,  12rao,  1848 ;  The 
Adventiires  of  Henry  Hudson,  New  York,  12mo,  1854 ; 
and  the  Biographia  Britannica.'\ 

Stafford,  Talbot,  etc. — Could  some  of  your 
readers  inform  me  how  a  document  (on  vellum) 
which  I  possess  bears  the  sign-manual  "  F.  Staf- 
ford," whereas  it  is  headed:  "Nous  Jehan  Sei- 
gneur de  Talbot  et  de  furnival,  Marechal  de  France, 
Certiffions  par  ces  presentes,"  &c.,  and  ending: 
"  En  tesmoing^  de  ce  nous  avous  scele  ces  p'''*  de 
N"'''  Seel  le  penultieme  Jour  de  Juillet  I'an  Mil 
cccc  trente  Sept,"  and  the  seal,  a  lai'ge  one  in  red' 
wax,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  in  very  good  pre- 
servation, bears  the  arms  of  Talbot  and  Furnival 
(the  latter  spelt  with  two  Fs)  :  in  the  1st  and  3rd 
quarters  a  lion  erect ;  in  the  2nd  and  4tli  hix  black 
birds  with  a  stripe  gules.  The  latter  I  suppose 
to  be  the  arms  of  the  Furnivals  from  the  old  Nor- 
man poem  — 

"  Avec  eus  fa  achimenez 
Ci  beau  Thomas  de  Fournival, 
Ki  kant  sur  le  cheval 
Ne  sembloit  home  ke  sommeille 
Six  merles  e  bende  vermeille 
Portoit  en  la  baniere  blanche." 
Is  this  name  of  "  Stafford  "  merely  that  of  an 
amanuensis,  or  one  of  the  names  of  John  Talbot  ? 

P.  A.  L. 
[We  can  only  conjecture  that  "  Stafford  "  was  no  part 
of  the  deed,  which  was  not  intended  to  be  signed.] 

St.  John's  Gospel. — It  is  said  that  the  Gospel 
according  to  St.  John  is  not  authentic.  I  shall 
be  glad  to  be  informed  what  writer  I  can  consult 
on  the  subject.  P.  E.  M. 

[On  the  authenticity  of  the  Gospel  by  St.  John  the 
following  works  may  be  consulted :  Smith's  Dictionary 
of  the  Bible,  i.  1111,  an  article  from  the  pen  of  the  Rev. 
Wm.  Thomas  Bullock,  M.A. ;  Dr.  Samuel  Davidson's  Li- 
troduction  to  the  New  Testament,  ed.  1848,  i.  225  ;  and 
B.  F.  Westcott's  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Gospels, 
ed.  1860, p.  230,  &c.  Mr.  Westcott  judiciously  remarks,  that 
"  the  chain  of  evidence  in  support  of  the  authenticity  of 


u 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '17. 


the  Gospel  in,  indeed,  complete  and  continuous  as  far  as  it 
falls  under  our  observation.  Not  one  historical  doubt  is 
raised  from  anj-  quarter  ;  and  the  lines  of  evidence  con- 
verge towards  the  point  where  the  Gospel  was  written, 
and  from  Avhich  it  v/as  delivered  to  the  churches."] 


ilrpltf^. 

FRENCH  BOOKS  ON  ENGLAND. 
(S'"  S.  X.  413.) 

In  the  new  and  too  short-lived  series  of  the  Jie- 
trosjiective  Revievj,  published  a  few  years  ago  by 
the  respectable  and  intelligent  bibliopole,  Mr.  J. 
Russell  Smith,  of  Soho  Square,  will  be  found  an 
article  (vol.  i.  p.  37)  upon  "French  Pictures  of 
the  English  during  the  last  Century."  Especial 
reference  is  made  to  the  satire  entitled  Les  Sauvages 
de  V Europe,  of  which  a  translation  is  before  me — 
"  The  Savages  of  Europe.  From  the  French. 
London,  12aio,  1764."  This  book  was  written 
by  Louvel,  and  reappeared  in  1804,  with  the  title 
of  the  Paqtiebot  Anglais,  under  the  editorial  care 
of  M.  Regnault-Warin.  The  later  date,  however, 
of  the  reproduction  will  hardly  bring  this  little 
work  under  the  category  of  recent  books,  concerning 
which  alone  your  correspondent  is  probably  in- 
terested ;  nor  will  that  of  the  savage  libel  of 
General  Pillet,  also  referred  to  in  the  article  to 
■which  I  have  drawn  attention — "  L' Anglsterre  vue 
aLoiulres  ctdans  ses  Provinces,  pendant  un  sejour  de 
div  Annees,  do7it  six  comme  Prisonnier  de  Guerre, 
par  M.  le  Mari^chal-de-eamp  Pillet.  Paris,  8vo, 
1815."  This  book,  which  for  virulence  and  un- 
scrupulousness  of  malignity  has  probably  no  equal, 
was  published  to  please  Buonaparte,  during  the 
hundred  days,  but  was  afterwards  so  rigidly  sup- 
pressed by  Louis  XVIII.,  in  gratitude  towards  the 
nation  which  had  supported  him,  that  it  has  be- 
come a  literary  curiosity  of  considerable  rarity. 
As  I  have  said  above,  it  can  hardly  be  considered 
recent,  and  I  have  alluded  to  it  chiefly  for  the  pur- 
pose of  stating  that  a  defence  of  the  British  people 
and  constitution,  in  answer  to  the  attacks  of  Pillet 
and  others,  was  written  in  1817  by  M.  dela  Vau- 
guyon,  ills  ain6.  and  appeared  under  the  editorial 
auspices  of  M.  Vievard,  This  work  was  translated 
into  English  by  William  Tanner  Young,  and  pub- 
lished so  recently  as  1847  by  Peter  Jackson  (late 
Fisher  &  Co.),  London,  8vo,  pp.  202,  under  the 
title  of  The  Jrutli  in  regard  to  England  in  1817,  by 
a  Frenchman. 

The  title  of  the  little  book  first  mentioned  re- 
minds me  of  a  phrase  used  by  Brantome  :  — 

"  In  his  account  of  the  Vidame  of  Chartres  he  says, 
that  v/heu  that  lord  passed  to  London,  as  one  of  the  hos- 
tages for  the  perfyrmaace  of  the  treaty  betv.'een  England 
and  France,  he  rendered  himself  so  agreeable  to  King 
Edward  (III..?),  that  he  took  him  with  liim, ' jusqu'au 
Jin  fonds  dcs  sauvages  d'Escosse.' " — WalpoJiana,  xxxvi. 


A  witty  Frenchman  has  said  of  us  that  Ave  are 
"les  Chinois  de  I'Europe." 

Here,  too,  may  be  noticed  the  little  essay  of  a 
philosophic  writer,  who,  in  ^brochure  of  5G  pages, 
discusses  cur  political  and  commercial  condition  at 
the  close  of  the  Avar,  and  the  effects  upon  our 
taste,  iil  arts  and  manufactures,  of  our  long  sepa- 
ration "  d'avec  les  terres  classiques  de  I'Europe." 
The  title  of  this  is  — 

"  De  I'Angleterre  ct  les  Anglais.  Par  Jean-Baptiste- 
Say,  &,  Paris,  8vo,  1815." 

In  the  year  after  the  publication  of  Pillefs 
pamphlet,  and  from  the  same  publisher,  Ave  have 
a  slender  octavo  — 

"  Quinze  Jours  h,  Loudres  a  la  fin  dc  1815.  Par  M. 
***.     Paris,  1816." 

This  Avas  followed  by  — 

"  Six  Mois  Ji  Londres  en  1816,  suite  de  I'ouvrage  ayant 
pour  titre :  '  Quinze  Jours  si  Londres  a  la  fin  de  1815,' 
&c.    Paris,  1817." 

These  two  volumes  consist  of  a  series  of  A-ery 
lively,  genia,!,  graphic  sketches,  on  "Eliza  Fen- 
ningj"  "  Selling  Wives,"  "  The  Tutbury  Bull- 
running,"  &c.,  and  well  merit  perusal.  The 
author — whoje  name  I  should  be  glad  to  know — 
is  much  more  liberal  in  his  remarks  on  our  na- 
tional characteristics  than  his  predecessor,  M. 
Pillet:  though  he  mildly  censures  the  ^jowi:- 
p)hlet  of  the  latter  as  a  book  ''  dans  lequel,  au 
milieu  de  beaucoup  de  veriles,  il  se  trouve  peut- 
etre  quelques  exagerations  que  les  Anglais  taxent 
de  calomnies."  lie  goes  on  to  describe  a  panto- 
mime which  he  went  to  see  at  Sadler's  Wells, 
(which  he  speaks  of  as  "  environne  de  spacieuses 
prairies,")  entitled  Xo?jf?ort  and  Paris,  in  the  course 
of  which  — 

"  On  amene  sur  le  The'atre  un  acteur  en  uniforme  de 
gene'ral  fran^ais — '  a  genoux,  31.  Pillet,  lui  dit-on  :  de- 
mandez  pardon  aux  dames  anglaises,  que  a^ous  avez 
calomnit'es  ' ; — lorsqu'il  a  fait  cette  amende  honorable,  on 
apporte  une  couA-erture;  on  lui  donne  le  divertissement 
dont  Sancho  fut  re'gale  dans  I'auberge  de  Maritorne,  et 
la  toile  se  baisse  aux  grands  applaudissemens  des  specta- 
teurs." — Page  197. 

A  year  or  two  later  gave  us  a  series  of  some- 
what similar  works,  under  the  various  titles  of  — 

"  Londres  en  1819  "  ;  "  Londres  en  1820  "  ;  "  Londres  en 
1821";  "Une  Annee  a  Londres";  "Six  Semaines  en 
Plotel  garni  a  Londres";  and  lastly,  I  think,  "Londres 
en  milhuit  cent  vingt-deux  ;  ou,  Recueil  de  Lettres  sur 
la  Politique,  la  Litte'rature,  et  les  Moeurs,  dans  le  Coui-s 
de  I'Annee  1822.  Par  I'auteur  de,  &c.  Paris,  Svo, 
1823." 

This,  too,  is  the  place  to  notice  the  more  pre- 
tentious, but  Avorthless,  Avork  of  a  Avell-known 
Bourbonist :  — 

"  De  I'Angleterre  ;  pra-  Monsieur  Kubichon.  2  a'oIs. 
8vo,  Paris,  1819." 

A  good  notice  of  this  will  be  found  in  the 
Quarterly  Review,  No.  XLV. 


3>-!iS.  XI.  Jas.  5,'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


Next  may  Le  ineutioiied  t'wo  volumss  of  coa- 
siJ arable  merit:  — 

•  Letters  on  England,  by  Victor,  Count  lie  Solignj-- 
I'ranslated  from  the  original  MSS.  2  vols.  8vo.  London. 
1823." 

Ill  tli3  next  year  appeared  the  woH-knov>-n  and 
able  — 

"Voyages  dans  la  Grande-Bretagne,  &l".  Par  Chailos 
Dupin.'    2  torn.  8vo.     Paris,  1821." 

These  volumes,  which  relate  chiefly  to  the 
commercial  po-^er  of  England,  arc  noticed  in  the 
Quarterly  Mevieic,  No.  LX. 

Next  may  be  mentioned  the 

"  Vo^-age  Historique  et  Litteraire  en  Ar.gleterrc  et  en 
I'lurope.  Par  Amadee  Pichot,  D.M.  3  torn.  8vo.  Paris, 
1825." 

The  errors  in  this  flippant  and  trashy  bool:  were 
exposed  in  the  QuaHa-hj,  No.  Lxiv. 

In  the  same  year  we  have  — 

'•Lettres  sur  rAngleterre.  Par  A.  dc  Staiii-Holstein. 
8vo.     Paris,  1825." 

An  edition  of  this  work  in  English  was  pub- 
lished simidtaueously  by  Treuttel,  I-ondon  and 
Paris. 

The  following  work,  though  its  authorship  is 
attributed  to  an  earlier  period  by  half  a  century, 
may  be  properly  noticed  here  in  respect  of  date  of 
publication :  — 

"  Mirabeau's  Letter?,  during  his  residence  in  England, 
with  Anecdotes,  Maxims,  &c.    2  vols.  8vo.     1832." 

Another  stupid  and  splenetic  book  must  be  here 
mentioned :  — 

"Great  Britain  in  183.3.  By  Baron  .d'Haussez,  Ex- 
Minister  of  Marine  under  King  Charles  X.  2  vols.  8vo. 
London,  1833." 

A  good  article  on  "  English  History  and  Cha- 
racter on  the  French  Stage  "  will  bo  found  in  the 
Foreign  Qnartci-Jy,  vol.  xxxi.  No.  Lxr.  p.  140. 

Hardly  a  French  book,  though  written  in  the 
French  language,  is  — 

'•Germany,  England,  and  Scotland ;  or,  Recollections 
of  a  Swiss  Minister.'  By  J,  H.  Merle  d'Aubign^,  D.D. 
London,  8vo,  1848."  ' 

There  are  doubtless  many  intervening  publica- 
tions, but  the  next  in  date  on  my  own  shelves  is 
the  able  and  liberal  work  :  — 

"  De  I'Avenir  Politique  de  I'Angleterre.  Par  le  Comte 
do  Montalembert.    8vo.     Paris,  1S5G." 

A  translation  was  published  by  Murray,  8vo, 
1856,  and  this  was  reviewed  in  The  Times  of 
March  27,  in  tlio  same  year. 

This  is  a  book  which  every  Englisliman  should 
read  and  reread ;  following  it  up  with  the  cele- 
brated 

"Debat  sur  riiulc  au  Parlement  Anglais.  London 
(Jeffs),  Svo,  1858," 

or  the  authorised  translation  into  English  of  the 
same,  from  the  Correspondent  of  Oct.  29,  1858, 
pubii.shed  also  by  .Jeffs,  price  1?. 


Though_  the  book  is  flippant,  querulous,  and 
unfair,  with  some  very  ridiculous  stories  and 
blunders,  the  small  sum  of  one  franc  will  not  be 
misspent  in  the  purchase  of 

"  Les  Anglais  eliez  eux.  Par  Francis  V>\'v.  P;iris, 
Michel  Le'vy  Frbros.    8vo.     1856." 

Any  sum,  however,  would  be  too  dear  for  the 
stupid  work  of  Ledru-IioUiu  on  the  Decadence  de 
T Angleterre,  even  on  the  old  principle  ''  Fas  est  et 
ab  hoste  doceri." 

Another  recent  book  of  similar  title,  but  much 
more  genial  tone  and  philosophic  spirit,  is  the 
work  of  M.  Alphonse  Esquiroz,  of  which  the 
Eiiglish  translation  is  entitled  "  2'he  English  at 
Hume.     3  vols.  12mo.     1881." 

The  original  papers  of  this  enlightened  and 
liberal  observer,  under  the  head  of  '■  L'^Vngleterre 
et  la  Vie  Anglaise,"  date  their  cominenceraent 
from  the  Revv.e  des  Deux  Mondes,  1857  (tome 
ouzieine,  p.  3G7),  and  will  be  found  continued  in 
the  succeeding  volumes  almost  down  to  the  pre- 
sent day.  As  tliere  are  no  more  minute  and 
elaborate,  so  there  probably  exist  no  more  valuable 
studies  on  our  national  life  and  character  than 
those  of  M.  Esquiroz.  He  is  not  one  of  those  who 
think  that  a  period  of  "  quinze  jours,"  or  even  of 
"  six  mois,"  passed  in  the  immediate  purlieus  of 
Leicester  Square,  would  qualify  him  to  write  on 
the  subject  he  has  chosen.  Aware  of  its  complex 
structure  and  myriform  aspects,  he  has  prepared 
himself,  by  earnest  and  conscientious  study,  and 
has  noted  the  results  in  a  liberal  and  truthful 
spirit.  In  a  word,  he  has  begun  v/here  others 
have,  or  should  have,  ended— with  a  recognition 
of  the  truth  v/hich  will  be  forced  on  the  convic- 
tion of  the  reader  of  the  generality  of  books  on 
the  same  subject,  and  with  the  enunciation  of 
which  M.  Esquiroz  commences  his  papers :  — 
"  Rien  n'est  plus  facile  que  d'llcrire  sur  I'Angle- 
terre, rien  n'est  plus  difficile  que  de  la  connaitre." 

I  have  reserved  for  the  last,  as  indeed  its  date 
demands,  a  notice  of  a  very  charming  book,  which 
differs  from  the  ethers  I  have  mentioned  in 
treating  of  country  and  provincial,  rather  than  the 
metropolitan  life  of  England,  which  latter,  in  the 
great  majoiity  of  cases,  naturally  engrosses  the 
entire  attention  of  the  French  visitor,  as  being,  in 
his  judgment,  the  sole  worthy  of  study  and  coui- 
niemoration.  With  us,  however,  London  is  not 
England.     This  book  is  entitled  — 

"  Vie  de  village  en  Angleterre ;  ou  Souvenirs  d'un 
Exile.  Par  I'auteur  de  FEtude  sur  Channing.  Paris. 
8vo,  1862." 

I  perceive — I  may  just  add  in  conGiu:.iou— that 
tiie  third  volume  has  just  appeared  of  the  last 
vv-ork  of  the  illustrious  Montalembert,  TIic  His- 
tory of  the  Monhs  of  the  IVcst.  This  is  noticed  in 
the  Paris  correspondent's  letter  in  I'hc  Times  of 
Dec.  3,  where  will  be  fo'.md  an  elegant  and  spirited 
translation  of  the  opening  passage,  which  fcrms 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '67 


a  brilliant  and  eloquent  eulogy  on  the   Britisli 
nation.  William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 

Some  few  years  ago  a  very  interesting  series  of 
papers  appeared  in  the  Revue  des  Deux  3IoncIes  on  1 
Holland,  which  I  read  with  great  pleasure,  but  I  ! 
cannot  answer  for  the  feelings  of  a  Dutchman.  | 
This  was  succeeded  by  articles  on  England  by  the  i 
same  writer  who  had  previously  fascinated  me  :  ' 
but,  although  there  Wiis  the  same  sparkling  pen,  | 
there  was  an   entire   absence  of  the  breadth  of  i 
mind  exhibited  in  his  "  Holland."     Both  works,  ' 
after  being   separately  published  in  Paris,  were  • 
translated  into  English  ;    and  a  second  volume,  | 
on  the  English  also,  subsequently  made  its  ap-  I 
pearance  in  English,  apparently  intended  to  atone  j 
to  Englishmen  for  some  of  the  absurdities  which  ; 
gratified  his  French  countrymen  in  the  first  volume.  \ 
Such  "Eevues  "  are,  like  Pindar's  razors,  made  to 
sell  and  not  to  shave.     The  writer  appears  to  have 
taken  up  his   residence   in   the   vicinity  of  our 
Crystal  Palace,  and  to  have  stepped  out  first  thing 
on  the  Gypsies  of  Norwood  ;  for  a  large  portion  of 
his  first,  and,  according  to  his  original  design,  only 
volume,   is  taken  up  with  a  description  of  this 
vagabond   class   as   autochthones  and  peculiarly 
and  specially  English,  as  if  no  such  people  existed 
in  France  or  any  other  part  of  the  world.     He 
finds  many  charms  in  Gypsy  women,  and  assures 
his  readers  that  they  are  to  be  found  amongst  the 
wealthy  and  noble  families  of  England ;  but  he 
ctmningly  remarks,  it  is  difficult  to  recognise  them 
after  exaltation  from  their  original  habitat.     One 
he  mentions  as  prima  donna  at  the  St.  Peters- 
burgh   opera-house.       Such   descriptions   of   the 
English  have  a  sale   amongst  Frenchmen,  who, 
like  the  rest  of  the  world,  prefer  to  have  their 
prejudices  flattered  rather  than  to  learn  the  truth. 
Other  French  works   might   be   mentioned   de- 
scriptive of  the  English,  some  of  which  have  been 
reviewed  by  the    Quarterly  and  Edinburgh,  and 
■which  are  still  more  absurd.     These  are  the  suc- 
cessors to  the  great  French  authors  of  the  la.st 
century,  who  appear  to  have  had  a  better  know- 
ledge of  the  English,  with  more  candour  and  good 
sense.  T.  J.  BrcKTOx. 

Streatham  Place,  S. 


Many  celebrated  Frenchmen  (including  Guizot, 
Louis  Blanc,  Montalembert)  have,  within  these 
few  years,  written  works  upon  us  and  our  doings. 
The  papers  by  Esquiros,  however  (first  published 
in  the  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes),  hold  deservedly 
the  first  place.  They  ai"e  translated,  and  the 
translations  are  to  be  had  at  almost  every  library. 

NOELL  RaDECLIFFE. 


CHAPLAINS  TO  THE  LORDS  SPIRITUAL  AND 
TEMPORAL,  JUDGES  OF  THE  HIGH  COURTS, 
AND  OTHER  PUBLIC  FUNCTIONARIES. 

(3'^  S.  X.  414.) 

The  nominations  and  appointments  of  chaplains 
to  the  royal  family,  peers  of  the  realm,  &c.,  are, 
with  the  privilege  attached,  derived  from  and  de- 
pendent upon  three  Acts  of  Parliament  passed  in 
the  reign  of  King  Henry  YHI.,  viz.  :  — 

1st.  Act  —  the  21st  Henry  VUI.  c.  13,  entitled 
"  Spiritual  Persons  abridged  from  having  Plurali- 
ties of  Livings,  and  from  taking  of  Fermes." 

The  chief  object  of  this  Act  was  to  restrain  the 
holding  of  pluralities  by  spiritual  persons,  and  de- 
fines the  extent  to  which  they  might  take  and 
hold  lands  to  farm  or  otherwise,  and  what  reli- 
gious houses,  masters  of  colleges  and  hospitals, 
might  keep  demesne  lands  in  their  hands  for  the 
maintenance  of  their  houses. 

There  are,  as  was  generally  the  case,  exceptions 
provided  for,  and  privileges  granted  to  some  class 
or  other  exclusively. 

Ey  sect.  13  persons  are  named  in  whose  favour 
exception  is  made  in  regard  to  their  privilege  of 
purchasing  licences  or  dispensations  to  have  and 
hold  more  benefices  than  one,  viz. : — 

All  Spiritual  Men  of  the  King's  Council  to  take  and 
keep  three  benefices  with  cure  of  souls. 

All  Kinsj's  Chaplains  not  sworn  of  the  ^ 
Council To  hold  2  Be- 

Chaplains  of  the  Queen,  Prince,  or  Prin-  y  nefices  with 
cess,  or  of  any  of  the  King's  Childi-en,  j  cure  of  souls. 
Brethren,  Sisters,  Uncles,  or  Aunts       .  J 


By  sect.  14  every  Archbishop  may 
have  .... 

Every  Duke 
By  sect.  15  every  Marquess    . 

Every  Earl 
By  sect.  16  every  Viscount 

Everj'  Bishop 
By  sect.  17  the  Chancellor  of  Eng 
land  for  the  time  being      . 

Every  Baron 

Every  Knight  of  the  Garter 
By  sect"  18  every 

Duchess  "^ 

Marchioness 

Countess 

Baroness 
By  sect.  19 

Treasurer,     }  of  the    King's    \ 

Comptroller  j  House    .        .      J 

King's  Secretary  .        . 

Dean  of  the  Chapel 

King's  Almoner    .        .         .        . 

Master  of  the  Rolls 

Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench 

The  Warden  of  the  5  Ports  for  the 
time  being 


Being  widows 


And  each 
^;  hold  2  Bene 
/  fices  with 
'  cure  of  souls 


.  1  ; 


Si-d  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


By  sect.  24  every  Archbishop  because  be 
must  occupy"  e<^/i(  Chaplains  at 'con- 
secration of  Bishops,  and  every  Bishop 
because  he  must  occup}'  six  Chaplains  ,  To  hold  2  Be- 
at giving  of  orders  and  consecration  of  '  nefices. 
churches,  may  have  two  additional 
Chaplains  with  same  privilege  of  hold- 
ing 2  Benefices. 

By  sect.  33  every 
Duchess,  "J 

ar[B.i».- Widows, 

Baroness  J 
notwithstanding  their  remarriage  with  husbands  under 
the  degree  of  a  Baron  as  before  limited  to  the  m  being 
Widows,  and  such  Chaplain  to  have  same  privilege  of 
holding  2  Benefices. 

2nd.  Act  —  the  25tli  Henry  VIII.  c.  16,  enti- 
tled "  Ajo.  Act  that  every  Judge  of  the  High 
Courts  may  have  one  Chaplain  beneficed  -with 
Cure."' 

Which  Act  cites  21  Henry  Vlll.  c.  13,  in  which 
it  is  stated  that  no  provision  was  made  for  any  of 
the  king's  judges  of  his  high  courts,  commonly 
called  the  King's  Bench  and  Common  Pleas,  ex- 
cept only  for  the  Chief  Judge  of  the  King's  Bench, 
nor  for  the  Chancellor,  nor  Chief  Baron  of  the 
King's  Exchequer,  nor  for  any  other  inferior  per- 
sons being  of  the  King's  most  Honourable  Coun- 
cil J  and  therefore  it  was  enacted  that  — 

Chaplain. 
Every  Judge  ofthe  said  High  Courts  ^ 


Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  .  .It  f'Ti'  i"^" 

Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  .     1      yhold  1  Bene- 

King's  Attorney-General         .  -1 

„      General  Solicitor  .        .  .     1     J 

3rd.  Act  —  the  33rd  Henry  VIII.  c.  28,  enti- 
tled "An  Act  for  the  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy 
of  Lancaster  and  others." 

Which  Act  recites  that  of  21  Henry  VIII.  c.  13, 
wherein  no  provision  was  made  for  any  of  the 
head  officers  of  the  king's  several  courts  of  the 
Duchy  of  Lancaster,  the  Courts  of  Augmentations 
of  the  Revenues  of  the  Crown,  the  JFirst  Fruits 
and  Tenths,  the  Master  of  the  Court  of  Wards 
and  Liveries,  the  General  Surveyor  of  Crown 
Lands,  and  other  of  the  king's  courts.  It  was 
thereby  enacted  that  — 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Court  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster. 

„    Chancellor  of  the  Court  of  Augmentations. 

„    Chancellor  of  the  Court  of  First  Fruits  and  Tenths. 

„    Master  of  the  King's  Wards  and  Liveries. 

„    General  Surveyor  of  the  Crown  Lands. 

„    Treasurer  of  the  King's  Chamber. 

„     Treasurer  of  the  Court  of  Augmentations. 

„    Groom  of  the  Stole. 
Each  of  whom  may  take  one  benefice  with  cure  of  souls. 

The  appointments  of  chaplains  are  registered 
in  the  Office  of  the  Master  of  the  Faculties  in 
Doctors'  Commons,  and  if  there  be  any  salary  or 
stipend  annexed  to  the  appointment,  it  is  subject 
to  a  stamp  duty  of  21. ;  but  if  otherwise  (merely 


honorary)  there  is  no  stamp  upon  the  appoint- 
ment. 

In  a  list  kept  at  the  Faculty  Office  of  the  per- 
sons entitled  to  appoint  chaplains,  there  occur.=i 
the  following  not  named  in  the  statute  of  the 
21st  Henry  VIII.,  viz :  — 

Secretarj'  of  State.* 
Clerk  of  the  Closet. 

Widow  of  Clerk  of  the  Closet :  though  she  marry,  that 
doth  not  take  off  qualification. 

The  Faculty  List  doth  not  appear  to  take  notice 
of  various  other  persons  or  officers  named  in  the 
Acts  of  the  25th  or  33rd  of  Henry  VIII.,  al- 
though it  includes  two  not  named  in  the  Act  of 
the  21st  or  either  of  the  others. 

A  note  appended  to  the  Faculty  Office  List 
says,  that  a  peer  being  a  Knight  of  the  Garter 
may  appoint  three  in  addition  to  his  peerage 
number. 

This  Act  of  the  21st  Henry  VIII.  was  enforced 
by  the  25th  Henry  VIII.  c.'21,  s.  21,  which  was 
repealedhy  1  &  2  Philip  and  Mary. 

The  Act  of  the  25th  Henry  VIII.  was  repealed 
by  1  &  2  Philip  and  Mary  c.  8  ;  and  by  s.  27  ofthe 
same  Act  that  part  of  the  statute  of  the  21st 
Henry  VIII.  recited  in  s.  3  is  repealed  by  s.  4. 
The  statute  of  1  &  2  Philip  and  Mary  is  repealed 
by  1  &  2  Eliz,  e.  1,  except  in  such  branches  and 
clauses  as  therein  excepted. 

By  the  8th  and  10th  sections  the  Act  of  the  25th 
Henry  VIII.  is  re-cnadcd  and  revived;  but  by 
26  &  '27  Vict,  this  Act  was  again  repealed. 

There  are  several  enactments  which  seem  to 
affect  this  question,  viz. :  57th  Geo.  III.  c.  99; 
1  &  2  Vict.  c.  106,  amended  by  13  &  14  Vict, 
c.  98 ;  18  &  19  Vict.  c.  127,  extended  by  23  &  24 
Vict.  e.  142 ;  26  &  27  Vict.  c.  125. 

Considering  these  various  statutes,  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  say  what  remains  of  the  original  statute  of 
the  2l3t  Henry  VIII.  The  privileges  it  conferred 
are  clearly  annihilated  in  regard  to  holding  plu- 
ralities. That  of  the  2oth  Henry  VIII.,  by  which 
the  judges  had  the  benefit  of  the  Act  of  the  21st 
Henry  VIII.  extended  to  them,  is  repealed  in  toto  : 
so  that  it  may  be  asked  under  what  authority  do 
the  Lords  Temporal  in  Parliament,  the  Judges, 
and  other  public  functionaries  appoint  chaplains 
unless  under  some  common-law  right  existing 
previous  to  the  statute  of  the  21st  Henry  VIII.  ? 
and  from  a  passage  in  Lord  Coke's  report  of  Ac- 
ton's case,  45  Eliz.,  it  would  appear  that  a  com- 
mon-law right  did  exist  before  the  statute  of 
21  Henry  VIII,     See  Coke's  RepoHs,  ii.  117. 

J,  R, 


*  The  Act  provides  for  the  "  King's  Secretary."  There 
are  now  four  Secretaries  of  State,  equally  the  King's 
Secretaries. 


18 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3^ 


51.  Jan. 


ROFKDELS :  VERSES  OK  FRUIT  TRENCHERS. 

(l'»  S.  xi.  1.09,  21.3,  207,  448;   xii.  290; 
3"J  S.  X.  472.) 

The  Gentleman  i  Mar,  izinc.  of  tho  last  century 
supplied  the  place  of  tlie  "  X.  L  Q."  of  our  more 
favoured  day.  In  its  volumes  for  1793,  1794, 
1797,  and  1799,  the  siibject  of  '"Itoundels"  at- 
tracted much  attention;  and  in  p.  458,  of  the 
voluino  for  1799,  .Mr.  John  Fenton,  of  Fishguard, 
quotes  the  second  of  tho  four  .^tanzas  given  Ly 
Mil.  I'iGGor,  Jtrx.  (p.  472  abovej,  and  supplies  a  , 
skdi-h  of  the  beecheu  plate  on  ■which  it  was  j 
painted,  spiiaking  of  it  as  "one  of  a  set  in  the  | 
possession  of  a  young  antiquary,"  and  that  he  j 
"can  trace  them  back  to  Queen  Elizabeth's  time."  i 
Should  this  "  young  antiquary  "  of  1799  be  the 
game  \vith  Richard  Fenton,  F.S.A.  (also  of  Fish- 
guard), author  of  An  Ilisfon'ral  Tour  tkrouf/h  Pcm- 
brokishirr,  they  may  have  found  their  way  from 
his  collection  to  the  Bodleian  Library :  and  a  com- 
parison of  the  en;rraTing  vfith  the  specimens  there 
might  possibly  establish  their  identity,  and  in 
such  case  would  account  for  Mr.  Piggot's  per- 
haps only  conjectural  assertion  that  the  set  had 
belonged  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  Mr.  Piggot  as- 
sumes that  they  were  fniit  trenchers ;  but  this 
Wiis  the  great  subject  of  discussion,  and  although 
one  correspondent,  as  I  shall  show,  calls  them 
"■trenchers  for  cheese  or  sweetmeats,"  the  general 
opinion  seojned  to  be  that  they  were  used  in  some 
game,  or  as  conversation  cards ;  and  their  limited 
size  (ij  to  5^  inches),  tlieir  thinness,  and  their 
perfi'ct  flatness,  would  seem  to  encourage  this 
opinion :  which  opinion  appears  equally  to  have 
prevailed  among  your  various  correspondents  in 
"N.  &  Q.,"  vol.  xi.,  as  referred  to  above. 

Having  thus  taken  advantage  of  Mr.  Piggot'.s 
note  to  reopen  the  subject  as  one  of  interest,  and 
in  tlie  hope  that  during  the  lost  tea  years  some 
further  specimens  may  have  been  discovered  and 
some  new  light  thrown  on  their  history,  I  should 
like  permission  to  give  a  condensed  summary  of 
what  was  said  by  Mr.  Urban's  friends,  except 
where  they  liave  already  been  alluded  to  in 
"  N.  &  C^.'"— £;uch  as  in  the  first  recorded  case,  in 
the  volume  for  1793  (p.  398),  which  has  been 
described  in  your  vol.  xi.  p.  2G7 — merely  adding 
tliat  they  arc  spoken  of  as  being  vcr;/  thin,  flat,  and 
appearing  to  be  a.s  old  as  the  time  of  Henry  YII. 
or  Henry  VIII.,  and  of  which  the  facsimile  en- 
gravings given  are  really  very  curious. 

At  pp.'  1187-8,  Part  ii.  of  the  same  volume 
(1793),  there  are  three  communications  describ- 
ing dilieront  sets.  The  first,  consisting  of  "  more 
than  ton,"  Jiad  been  found  "  walled  up  in  a  farm- 
house, which  had  been  a  religious  house,"  at  St. 
Leonard's  in  Bedford  :  "  Some  were  finely  painted 
ftnd  gilt,  and  these  had  each  some  religious  sen- 
tence on  them,  and  versos,  if  I  remember  right,  not 


very  fit  to  acco^npany  it.  .  .  .  Some  were  plain 
beech  without  letters,  paint,  or  other  ornament. 
They  were  thought  to  have  been  used  for  diversion, 
as  some  game."  The  same  writer  (M.)  then  de- 
scribes another  set  of  twelve,  in  the  possession  of 
'■  Mr.  Drew  of  this  place  (Bedford),  stone-mason, 
.  .  .  They  are  flat  beechen  plates  in  a  rudely 
painted  box;  and  seem  desii-ned,  like  the  others, 
for  some  game,  as  was  indeed  asserted  by  the  per- 
son from  whom  they  originally  came  in  Stafford- 
shire .  .  .  where  they  really  were  played  as  a 
game,  but  in  what  manner  he  cannot  tell."  These, 
it  appears,  *'-'were  not  painted,  but  consisted  of 
prints,  coloured,  and  pasted  on  the  beech -wood, 
which  is  plain  on  one  side."  Each  plate  had  one 
of  the  .signs  of  the  zodiac,  and  the  legend  sur- 
rounded a  centre  subject,  generally  of  a  grotesque 
character ;  and  two  are  selected  as  being  without 
improper  levity,  one  of  which  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  Disguised  thus  at  Candlemas  wc  come  ; 
With  gambols,  dice  and  cards,  we  mask  and  mumm  ; 
Some  loseth  all,  and  some  the  money  purses  ; 
Some  laugh  outright,  whilst  others  sweares  and  curses.' 

Tho  next  writer  (S.  E.,  p.  1183)  alludes  to  one, 
upon  which  liad  been  written  by  Mr.  Ivea,  the 
Yarmouth  antiquary,  that  it  was  a  trencher  for 
cheese  or  sweetmeats,  used  about  the  time  of 
James  I.  S.  E.  does  not  acquiesce  in  this  opinion, 
but  considers  them  "fortune-telling  cards"  of 
Henry  YIII.'s  time.    His  sample  is  this ;  — 

"  To  spende  over  muclie  be  not  to  boldc. 
Abate  rather  soniev.hatt  yi  (thy)  householde  : 
Tor  of  thy  land;^3  bithe  fare  and  nere. 
To  the  (thee)  smalt-  frutcs  will  come  this  yere." 

The  third  writer  (T.  P.)  gives  a  lively  account 
of  the  use  of  a  set  of  these  roundels  "  for  telling 
fortunes,  being  held  in  the  hand  spread  out  as 
cards,"  which  ho  witnessed,  forty  years  before,  at 
the  house  of  "  the  old  lady  Yicountess  Longue- 
villc  at  her  ssat  at  Brandon^  three  miles  fironi 
Coventry," 

In  vol.  Ixiv.  for  1794,  P.  P.  describes  eight, 
part  of  a  supposed  set  of  twelve,  as  having  eacli 
"  a  massive  gilt  circle  enciosi--ig  a  curious  group 
of  figures  in  gold,  red,  yellow,  kc. — such  as  hearts, 
true  lover;?'  knots,  crescents,  wheels,  dots,  butter- 
flies, caterpillars,  fishes,  leaves,  roses  and  other 
flowers  not  quite  so  easily  na,med.  diversely  ex- 
pressed on  different  roundels."  He  then  tran- 
scribes the  verses  in  the  centre  of  each,  "  in  hopes 
of  meeting  with  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  their 
use.''  Three  out  of  the  eiglit  vviU  serve  as  speci- 
men.^, of  this  lot :  — 

1.  '•  Thy  fooes  mutche  gric-rTo  to  the  have  wrought, 
And  thy  destruction  have  they  songhtc." 

4.  "  Truste  nott  this  worlde  thou  wooeful  wighte, 
Butt  lett  thy  ende  be  ia  thye  sighte." 

8.  "  Thy  youthc  in  follie  thou  haste  spente, 
I>cfere  net  nowc  for  to  repente." 


S"-^  S.  XI.  Jan.  5,  'C7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


19 


This  set  vras  traced  back  to  the  Artliingtons  of  , 
Artliington,   co.  York  :    an   ancient  family  who  : 
there  founded  a  nunnery,  whose  conventual  seal  , 
is  preserved  by  Thoresby.     The  writer  believes  i 
theiu  to  have  been  the  Ychicle  of  entertainment,  : 
in  the  days  of  yore,  to  the  immured  ladies  of  the 
convent; "and,  in  a  note,  refers  them  to  the  age  of 
Edward  IV.  or  llicliard  III.,  and  lidicules  the 
idea  of  their  having  been  "  trenchers  for  cheese  or  ; 
sweetmeats."  .  i 

In  p.  408  of  the  same  volume  (1/94)  is  an  ac-  I 
count  from  A.  M.  E.  of  a  complete  set  of  tv/elve, 
which  the  pending  discussion  had  caused  him  to  ; 
v>nthdraw  from  their  hiding-place,  and  which  had 
been  in  his  family  many  years.    From  their  ortho-  | 
graphy,  they  were  evidently  of  considerable  an-  , 
tiquity.     The  centre  of  each  was  occupied  by  a 
iiowcr,  to  which  the  motto  or  distich  round  had  ^ 
reference^  e.  g.:  —  , 

1.  Tloneys-uclde.  j 

'•  Poison  n.nd  honv  from  ray  flocke  proceeded, 

The  bee  ami  spyder  of  me  siickcs  and  feedes."  | 

8.'  Heartsease.  \ 

'■  Nothiuge  on  earthe  can  better  please  ! 

Than  a  fayre  wyfe  and  hartes  ease."  ! 

10.  Swceibrier. 
"  Deface  me  not,  nor  with  disgrace  doe  sticke  mc, 
Though  I  am  sweete,  bryers  have  power  to  pricke  ye." 
An  anonymous  writer  then,  at  p.  409,  gives  a 
specimen  from  a  MS.  set  of  "  Posyes  for  Trenchers,"  , 
written  near  the  beginning  of  the  previous  cen-  | 
tury,  as  follows  :  —  ' 

"  Who  dare  buye  first  a  piotious  Pearle 
]\Iu3t  be  as  great  as  anye  earle : 
if  he  has  worthe,  let  him  not  fcare, 
The  Jewell  cannot  be  too  deare." 

And  adds,  of  tlie  other  eleven,  that,  "  although 
highly  witty,  they  too  closely  border  on  in- 
decency." 

At  length,  in  1797  (vol.  Ixvii.  p.  281),  a  then 
frequent  correspondent,  signing  himself  "  W.  and 
D.,"  sums  up  the  whole  matter  in  favour  of  the 
trenclier  theory  :  his  opinion  being,  apparently, 
chiefly  fomided'  upon  a  curious  passage  from  the 
Art  of  Enr/Iish  Poesie,  attributed  to  Putteuham, 
and  published  by  Richard  Field  in  1580.  For 
this  1  must  refer  to  the  volume  of  the  maga- 
zine, which  I  have  not  now  with  me  ;  belieying 
that  these  extracts  from  the  Gentkfnan's  Maga- 
zine, and  the  references  in  your  own  pages  eleven 
years  ago,  thus  brought  into  one  view,  will  suffice 
to  help'to  elucidate  a  very  curious  subject,  espe- 
cially if  they  should  conduce  to  the  discovery  of 
further  and  perhaps  contemporary  allusions  to  the 
use  and  purpose  of  these  roundels. 

^      ^  S.  H.  IlAKLOWE. 

St.  John's  Wood. 


DUTCH  BALLAD. 
(S'O  S.  X.  303.) 
This  7norrcau  is  worthy  of  a  little  further  eluci- 
dation, illustrating  as  it  does  in  a  remariiable 
degree  tlie  original  identity  of  the  Nieder- 
De'utsch  of  the  Continent  with  our  own  mother 
tongue.  The  date  is  probably  of  the  twelfth,  or 
beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century,  a  period  when 
the  indigenous  structure  and  vocabulary  of  the 
Analo-Saxon  was  fast  Avearing  down,  and  passing 
into  early  English  The  Biblical  paraphrase  of 
Ormin,  co'mmonly  called  the  Ormulum,  is  of  about 
the  same  date  or  a  little  later.  Its  language  i-? 
that  of  rugged  early  English,  rather  than  Saxon 
or  semi- Saxon,  yet  I  believe  nearly  every  word 
in  the  Dutch  ballad  v/hich  has  disappeared  froni 
our  own  tongue  will  be  found  in  the  Ormulum. 
In  fact,  every  word  in  the  ballad  is  common  bolK 
to  Dutch  and  English,  and  the  syntax  is  the  same 
iu  both.  The  spelling  differs,  but  that  is  of  spall 
consequence.  In  order  to  exhibit  this  identity  I 
o-ive  the  old  Dutch  version  with  the  Englisli, 
equivalent  verbatim  in  parallel  lines,  marking  in 
italics  those  words  which  have  fallen  out  of  use, 
but  which  are  nevertheless  sound  English  of  the 
olden  time.  In  some  words  which  are  not  obso- 
lete I  have  preserved  the  linal  extra  syllable,  and 
in  others  the  old  final  e,  to  accommodate  tha 
rhythm. 

I. 

Naer  Oostland  willen  w}-  ryden, 

(Nigh  1  Eastland  will-en  we  ride-n,) 

Naer  Oostland  willen  wy  mee  2, 

(Nigh  Eastland  will-en  we  mid,) 

Al  over  die  grocne  heiden, 

(All  over  the  green-e  hcath-e.) 
Frisch  over  die  heiden, 
( l'"rcsh  over  the  heath-e,) 

Daer  i^.s  er  en  betere  stee  5. 

(There  is  there  arie  bstter-c  sted.) 


Als  wv  binnen  't  Oostland  komen, 
(As  w"e  bhmon*  tli'  Eastland  come-n,) 
Al  onder  dat  hooge  huis  fyn  ; 
(All  under  that  high  house  fine  ;) 
I  Daer  worden  5  wy  binnen  gelatcn, 

I  (There  ivurdm  ws  linnon  gclatar, «,) 

I  Frisch  over  die  heiden, 

I  (Fresh  over  the  heath-e,) 

!  Zy  7  heeten  ons  willekom  zyn. 

I  (They  haten  8  us  welcome  s'yn^.) 


I       1  The  A.-S.  neah,  H.-G.  iiach,  nahe,  L.-G.  naar,  all  sig- 
'  nify  motion  towards  a  place,  as  well  as  propinquity. 

3  Me£,  contraction  for  medc,  equivalent  to  H.-G.  nut, 
A.-S.  mid,  together,  with. 

3  SteC;  contraction  for  stede,  a  place. 

4  Binnon,  within ;  Scottish  hen,  the  house. 

5  A.-S.  7tv(7-d()n  =  wuldon,  would. 
e  A.-S.  qelcBtan,  to  let  be,  remain. 

7  A.-S.  hi.  2  A.-S.  haten,  to  call,  ask. 

9  A.-S.  svn,  to  be. 


20 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[31-d  S.  XL  Jax.  5,  '67. 


Ja,  willekom  moetcn  wy  wczcn, 
(Yea,  welcome  might-eii  we  icesen  1°,) 
Zeer  willckom  moeten  wy  zyn  ; 
(Sajrii  welcome  niiyht-en  we  syn  ;) 
Daer  zuUen  wy  avond  en  morgen, 
(There  shall-en  we  even  and  morning,) 

Frisch  over  die  heiden, 

(Fresh  over  the  heath-e,) 
Xoch  drinken  den  koclen  wyn. 
(iVuia  drinken  the  cool-en  wine.) 


Wj'  drinken  den  wyn  er  mit  sehalen, 
(VVe  drinken  the  wine  there  mid  scealum  '3,) 
En't  bier  ook  zoo  veel  ons  belieft ; 
(And  th'  beer  eke  so/efo  '-i  us  Ieve'^° ;) 
Daer  is  het  zo  vrolj-ck  i^  to  leven, 
(There  is  it  so  freoUc  to  live-n,) 

Frisch  over  die  heiden, 

(FreSh  over  the  heath-e,) 
Daer  woanter  niyn  zoete  lief. 
(There  wonneth  i'^  my  sweet-e  love.) 


J.  A.  P. 


Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 


An  inhabitant  of  Belgium  for  the  last  four  years 
can  testify  to  the  similarity  that  still  exists  between 
the  English  and  Flemish  (or  Dutch)  languages. 
On  the  rare  occasions  when  a  Flamand  is  unable 
to  speak  or  understand  French,  he  will,  if  he  be 
of  ordinary  intelligence,  understand  and  make 
himself  understood  by  an  English  person,  pro- 
vided of  course  that  the  Englishman  speaks  slowly 
and  distinctly,  and  that  the  conversatio!i  does  not 
refer  to  anything  more  abstract  than  marketable 
commodities  or  ordinary  commerce,  and  this  where 
French  would  wholly  fail. 

In  Brussels  it  is  the  custom  in  the  older  and 
lower  parts  of  the  town  to  print  the  names  afhxed 
to  its  streets  in  both  Flemish  and  French.  A  few 
of  these  selected  at  random  will  prove  what  I  have 
■written :  — 

Kercke  Straet. 
B linden  Straet. 
Overloden  Straet. 
Abrikoos  Straet. 
Spor  (Spur)  Straet. 
Je'sus  Naem  Straet. 
Zee  (Sea)  Hond  Straet. 
Sekel  (Sickle)  Gang. 
Wapen  (Weapon)  maekers 

Straet. 
Witte  Xonne  Straet. 
Bottcrmelck  Straet. 

LoTJISA. 


Rue  de  TEglise 
Rue  des  Aveugles 
Rue  de  I'Abondance  . 
Rue  de  I'Abricot 
Rue  des  Epcronniers 
Rue  du  Norn  de  J^sus 
Rue  du  Chien  Marin 
Impasse  de  la  Faucille 
Rue  des  Armuriers   . 

Rue  des  Sceurs  Blanches 
Rue  du  Lait  Battn   .    . 

Brussels. 


10  A.-S.  wesen,  to  be.  "  A.-S.  sir,  verv,  greatlv. 

"  A.-S.  nu  ;  H.-G.  mch,  still,  yet. 

"  A.-S.  scealu,  cups.  14  A.-S./e?a,  much. 

"  A.-S.  leven,  to  please,  desire. 

16  A.-S.freolic,  free-like  (frolic). 

1'  A.-S.  icunnan,  u-onnan,  to  dwell. 


THE  DAWSON  FAMILY. 
(3'd  S.  X.  474.) 

In  the  List  of  the  Parliament  of  1653,  called 
the  Barebone's  Parliament,  contained  in  the  Par- 
liamentary History,  vol.  iii.  p.  1407,  the  name  of 
Henry  Dawson  does  not  appear,  but  Henry  Davi- 
son figures  as  member  for  Durham.  In  the  list, 
however,  of  members  for  the  "  Four  Northern 
Coimties  "  in  that  Parliament,  given  in  Burton's 
Diary,  vol.  iv.  p.  499,  Henry  Dawson  is  named  as 
one  of  them ;  so  that  there  is  no  doubt  he  is  the 
man,  and  that  the  former  is  a  misprint. 

That  Parliament  met  on  July  4,  1653,  which 
would  enable  the  member  for  Durham  to  sit  for  a 
very  short  time  only,  as  his  death  occurred  on  Au- 
gust 2.  His  name  does  not  appear  iu  any  part  of 
its  proceedings  as  recorded  either  in  the  Parlia- 
mentary History  or  Burton's  Diary,  vol.  i. 

Ebwaed  Foss. 


I^The  following  extract  from  a  local  paper  may  very 
properly  follow  Mr.  Foss's  article.] 

"  THE   FIRST    MEMBER   FOR   THE    COUNTY   OF   DURHAM. 

"  An  unexpected  light  has  been  thrown  upon  our  north- 
countrj"-  history  ;  and  it  comes  from  the  tomb. 

"  '  LwiN  F.'  a  correspondent  of  Notes  and  Queries,  com- 
municates a  copy  of  a  monumental  inscription  from  the 
church  of  St.  Mary  Abbotts,  Kensington,  viz. :  — '  Neere 
this  piller  lieth  the  body  of  Henry  Dawson,  Esq''",  Alder- 
man of  Newcastle-upon-Tine,  who  was  twice  Maior  of  the 
said  town,  and  a  Member  of  the  present  Parliament,  who 
departed  this  life  Aug^t  y"  2,  1653.' 

"  We  have  here,  undoubtedl.7,  the  first  representative  of 
the  county  of  Durham  in  the  House  of  Commons.  Being 
a  county-palatine,  it  was  formerly  '  exempt  from  the 
burden '  of  representation.  The  Bishop  of  Durham,  as 
w^e  read  in  Surtees,  levied  taxes  within  the  bishopric  bj' 
virtue  of  his  palatine  jurisdiction,  his  Council  (and  not 
Parliament)  granting  consent ;  and  although  the  ques- 
tion of  a  representation  of  the  county  had  repeatedly  been 
brought  before  the  House  of  Commons  in  the  reigns  of 
Elizabeth,  James,  and  Charles,  it  was  not  until  the  time 
of  Cromwell  that  a  member  for  the  councy-palatine  had  a 
seat.  This  was  the  Henry  Dawson  of  "the  Kensington 
monument. 

"  Henry  Dawson  was  '  deputy-mayor  '  of  Newcastle 
1646-47.  William  Dawson  was  maVor  1649-50 ;  and 
George  Dawson,  1650--51.  Then,  in  1652-53,  Henry 
Dawson  was  again  mayor ;  '  as  was  afterwards,'  says 
Brand,  '  George  Dawson.'  Henry,  '  Member  of  the  pre- 
sent Parliament,'  had  died  during  his  maj'oralty  and  his 
membership  ;  and  George  (who  was  mayor  a  second  time 
in  1657)  had  completed  Henry's  year  of  office  in  the 
borough,  from  his  death  in  August  to  the  appointment 
of  a  new  mayor  in  October.  The  Dawsons,  who  held  the 
office  of  mayor  five  times  between  the  siege  of  Newcastle 
and  the  Restoration,  and  who  contributed  a  member  to 
the  Parliament  that  prepared  the  way  for  the  Protectorate, 
were  evidentlj'  of  the  Commonwealth  party.  The  name 
of  the  member  has  sometimes  been  printed,  dubiously, 
'  Davison,'  as  well  as  '  Dawson ' ;  but  all  doubt  is  now  at 
end.  It  has  been  removed  by  the  good  service  done  to 
our  annals  by  Notes  and  Queries;  and  we  thankfully 
make  the  acknowledgment.  The  Kensington  memorial 
throws  light  upon  the  historv  both  of  our  borough  and  of 
the  county-palatine. 


3"!  S.  XI.  Jax.  0,  'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


21 


■'  It  has  been  said  tl-.at  fame  is  but  a  name.     It  was  not  ! 
even  that,  hitherto,  with  the  first  member  for  the  countj' 
of  Durham  ;  for  Henry  Dawson  had  to  share  his  seat  with 
a  possible  Davison.     IJut  the  name  is  at  last  established; 
and  the  member  is  identified  with  a  mayor  of  Newcastle."  j 


Will  Lwiif  F.  accept  some  corrections  of  liis 
note  on  the  monument  at  Kensington  ? 

The  shield  above  the  inscription  shows  the 
paternal  coat,  on  a  bend  enyrailed  three  birds,  not 
martlets.  Burke's  Annory,  under  the  name 
"  Dawson/'  Newcastle,  gives,  the  coat —  "Azure, 
on  a  bend  engrailed  argent  three  daws  (another 
ravens)  proper."  A  closer  inspection  will,  I  think, 
convince  Lwis^  F.,  that,  whatever  else  the  birds 
may  be,  they  are  not  martlets.  | 

Below  the  inscription,  the  oval  mentioned  by  I 
Lwis^  F.  shows  the  same  coat  as  baron,  and,  as 
femme,  a  fesse  engrailed  between  3  wyverns'  or 
dragons'  heads  erased.  This  half  of  the  oval  is  a 
good  deal  weathered,  but  I  succeeded,  in  1864,  in 
making  it  out  as  I  have  now  blazoned  it. 

The  coat  is  nearly  the  same  as  Lord  Cremorne's, 
not  Lord  Portarlington's.  But  I  see  that  Lord 
Cremorne  has  the  birds  described  as  martlets,  j 
I  have  no  doubt  that  the  arms  were  originally  ! 
parlantes,  and  that  the  birds  marked  the  name, 
Dawson.  I  do  not  know  the  history  of  the  alder- 
man. 

This  little   monument  escaped  the   notice    of 
Lysous,  for  it  is  not  mentioned  in  his  admirable 
account  of  Kensington  in  his  Environs.     It  must 
have  been   first  put  up  inside   the   old  church,  \ 
which  was  taken  down  about  1694.     "  Xeere  this  ; 
piller,"  is  the  description  of  the  place  of  Alder-  i 
man   Dawson's   burial.      It  lasted   through   the  i 
dangers   of  a  removal  in  1694,  and  probably  a  : 
second  removal  in  1704,  when,  Lysous  records,  ! 
"  it  was  found  necessary  to  take  the  greater  part  ! 
of"  the  church   "  down  again,  and  to  strengthen  | 
the  walls."     I  hope  that,  in  any  demolition  of  the 
present  building,  it  may  have  the  good  fortune  to 
iind  some  hand  to  save  it  again.     It  has  an  in- 
terest, not  only  heraldic,  but  as  an  instance  of  a 
monument  to  one  of  the  rebel  Parliament.     Per-  j 
haps  some  place  may  be  found  for  it  where  it  may  ■ 
be  sheltered  from  the  effects  of  the  driving  wind  \ 
and  rain  which  are  plainly  marked  upon  it. 

D.P, 

Stuarts'  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 


Amekicaxisms  (3'*  S.  ix.   118.)  — The  reply 
which  1  furnished  to  this  query  not  having  ap-  ■ 
peared — for  the  reason,  no  doubt,  that  better  ones 
were  offered — I  venture  to  put  in  the  form  of  a 
query  one  or  two  points  of  my  former  reply.     Is 
there  any  other  instance  than  •'  tenement-house,"  . 
in  which  "  tenement  "  is  used  to  signify  an  apart-  '■ 
ment  in  a  house  used  by  one  family  ?  (  /  ide  Web-  i 
ster  and  Worcester.)     Is  there  any  authority  for 


the  derivation  which  I  suggested  of  ^'johnny- 
cake  "  from  "journey-cake,"  so  called  from  the 
ease  and  quickness  with  which  this  simple  cake 
can  be  made  by  a  traveller  P  The  etymology  is 
no  fancy  of  my  own,  but  a  not  uncommon  notion, 
and  would  be  a  likely  corruption  to  occur  amongst 
the  negroes,  who  have  changed  Taliafero  to  Toliver, 
Crenshaw  to  Granger,  great-house  to  "  gretus," 
and  so  on.  I  may  add  that  the  published  replies 
missed  the  true  explanation  of  vehicles  of  all 
sorts  "  upon  runners."  In  sleighing  time  the 
bodies  of  wheel-carriages  are  often  taken  off  the 
wheels,  and  placed  upo&  rimners,  being  thus  con- 
verted, for  the  nonce,  into  very  respectable  sleighs. 

St.  Th. 

Philadephia. 

The  Pipe  of  Tobacco,  etc.  (3^"1  S.  x.  331.)  — 
Your  correspondent  Edward  Kixg  will  find  Isaac 
Hawkins  Browne's  Pipe  of  Tobacco  in  Dodsley's 
Collection  of  Poems,  published  in  1758,  vol.  ii, ; 
Bonner  Thornton's  Burlesque  Ode  on  St.  Cecilia'i 
Dfty  in  a  supplementary  volume,  by  Moses  Mindon, 
published  in  1770.  C.  J. 

Egliis^xox  Totjexamext  (S"'"'  S.  x.  322,  404.) 
In  my  hasty  notice  in  p.  404,  I  v\-rote  from  recol- 
lection. Having  since  referred  to  an  account  of 
this  display,  perhaps  you  will  be  kindly  pleased 
to  insert  a  list  of  the  Knights  of  the  Tourna- 
ment :  — 

Knight  Marshal,  Sir  Charles  Lamb,  Bart. 

Judge  of  Peace,  Lord  Saltoun. 

King  of  Tournament,  Marquess  of  Londonderry. 

Queen  of  Beauty,  Lady  Seymour. 

Lord  of  Tournament,  Earl  of  Eglinton. 

Knight  of  Griffin,  Earl  of  Craven. 

Knight  of  Dragon,  Marquess  of  Waterford. 

Knight  of  Black  Lion,  Viscount  Alford. 

Knight  of  Gael,  Viscount  GlenU^i^     ->..' .'/>-v. 

Knight  of  Dolphin,  Earl  of  Cassillis. 

Knight  of  Crane,  Lord  Cranstoun. 

Knight  of  Ram,  Hon.  Capt.  Gage. 

Black  Knight,  H.  Little  Gilmont,  Esq.,  of  The  Inch. 

Knight  of  Swan,  Hon.  W.  Jerningham. 

Knight  of  Golden  Lion,  Capt.  J.  O.  Fairlie,  Esq. 

Knight  of  White  Rose,  Charles  Lamb,  Esq. 

Knight  of  Stag's  Head,  Capt.  Berestbrd. 

Knight  of  the  Border,  Sir  F.  Johnstone. 

Knight  of  the  Burning  Tower,  Sir  F.  Hopkins. 

Knight  of  Red  Rose,  R.  J.  Lechmere,  Esq. 

Knight  of  Lion's  Paw,  Cecil  Boothby,  Esq. 

Garden  Campbell,  Esq.,  was  Esquire  to  Knight  of  Swan. 

John  Campbell,  Esq.,  was  Esquire  to  Knight  of  White 
Rose. 

Among  the  principal  guests  at  Eglinton  Castle 
were  Prince  Louis  Napoleon  Buonaparte  and  two 
Coimts  Esterhazy. 

"  Several  bouts  at  broadsword  were  played  by  Prince 
Louis  Xapoleon  and  Mr.  Lamb  ;  both  were  clad  in  heavy 
armour,  but  the  former  without  cuisscs  or  gyves." 

Sir  Charles  Lamb  of  Beaufort,  Bart.,  and  Mr. 
Lamb  were  step-father  and  step-brother  to  Lord 
Eglinton.  Seth  W^ait. 


22 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LS'-d  S.  XL  Jax.  5,  'G? 


Campbell  of  Saddell's  accident  is  referred  to  in 
Ingoldsby's  poem,  "  The  Cynotaph. "  — 
"...     Knights  of  St.  John, 
Or  Kuif^hts  of  St.  John's  Wood,  who  once  went  on 
To  the  Castle  of  Goode  Lorde  Eglintoune. 
Count  Fiddle-fumkin  and  Lord  Fiddle-faddle, 
«  Sir  Craven,' '  Sir  Gael,'  and  '  Sir  Campbell  of  Saddell,'  j 
(Who,  as  poor  Hook  said,  when  he  heard  of  the  feat,       j 
Was  somehow  knock'd  out  of  his  family  seat.")  i 

I  Lave  an  iateresting  unpublished  account  in 
MS.  of  the  doings  at  the  coming  of  age  of  this 
Mr.  Campbell  of  Saddell.  Cuthbert  Beke. 

LoBD  Beaxfield  (3'^  S.  X,  30.)  —  About 
eighteen  or  twenty  years  ago  the  late  Lord  Pre- 
sident Hope  published  a  letter  to  the  editor  of 
Blackivood's  Magazine,  in  which  he  indignantly 
denied  the  possibility  of  foundation  for  this  anec-  I 
dote  of  Lord  Braxfield,  with  whom,  though  then 
long  dead,  he  had  been  on  terms  of  intimacy. 

W.  T.  M. 

Hongkong. 

Agudeza  (3''<^  S.  X.  381.) — Some  remarks  made 
b}-  Lord  Howdex  in  his  reply  have  revived  an 
old  curiosity  as  to  the  real  name,  dwelling-place, 
and  social  position  of  "  the  Andalucian  lady  of 
German  origin,  who  writes  imder  the  pseudonym 
of  Ferman  Caballero."  If  this  query  can  be 
answered  without  breach  of  confidence  it  would 
greatly  oblige  Noell  Radeclieee. 

Illuminated  Missal  (3'^  S.  x.  411.)  —  The 
leaves  described  by  W.  W.  S.  certainly  did  not 
belong  to  a  Missal.  It  is  too  common  to  confound 
Missals  with  Boolrs  of  Hours.  These  detached 
leaves  have  been  taken  out  of  a  Book  of  Hours. 
The  subjects  painted  on  vellum  on  these  leaves 
are  of  constant  occurrence  in  the  Horce,  or  Books 
of  Horn's,  of  the  Sarum  use.  The  Adoration  of  the 
Magi  would  be  prefixed  to  one  of  the  Hours,  pro- 
bably Sext  or  None ;  St.  Catherine  and  St.  Adrian 
would  find  place  in  the  latter  part  of  the  book, 
preceding  the  prayers  in  their  honour.     F.  C,  H. 

iNscRiPTioif  AT  Champ£ry  (3'^^  S.  X.  414.)  — 
I  have  seen  the  lines  worded  very  difl:erently,  as 
follows ;  — 

"  Quos  anguis  dirus  tristi  dulcedine  pavit, 
Hos  sanguis  mirus  Christi  mulccdiuc  lavit." 

This  is  most  likely  to  be  the  true  version.  The 
lines  are  often  ascribed  to  Prof.  Porson;  but  I 
uever  could  believe  that  he  wrote  them. 

F.  C.  IL 
Cheese  Well  {Z"^  S.  x.  473.)  —  This  name  is 
derived  from  the  resemblance  of  the  spring  to  the 
dairy  uiensil,  the  "  chessell,"  or  "  cheswell,"  and 
is  analogous  to  the  "  Chccscu-rinr/,''  the  name  by 
which  a  remarkable  pile  of  rocks  in  Cornwall  has 
long  been  known.  I  am  perhaps  wrong  in  using 
the  word  pil<i,  as  the  form  has  been  produced  by 


the  washing  away  of  the  surrounding  soil,  leaving 
the  "Wring"  in  its  present  isolated  state. 

George  Vere  Irving. 

Gold  PROi'forNCED  "Goold"  (S'^S.  x.  •I-jG.)— 
In  a  note  on  the  pronimciation  of  the  word  Rome 
Lord  Lytteltox  says  that  he  "  was  brought  up 
to  say  both  Room  and  goold,"  and  that  the  last 
time  that  he  heard  the  latter  pronunciation  was 
from  the  lips  of  the  late  Sir  Francis  Lawley,  "  full 
twenty  years  ago."  At  the  present  day  I  fre- 
quently hear  gold  pronounced  "  goold  "  by  persons 
of  position  and  education  in  the  eastern  counties, 
who  also  say  "  as  yalloiv  as  ffooM."  I  am  not 
aware  if  our  East- Anglian  poet  laureate  anywhere 
rhymes  gold  as  ffoold,  but  in  his  Lincolnshire  fen 
scene  in  "The  Dying  Swan  "  he  makes  "  yellow" 
to  rhyme  with  "  swallow."  In  Maud  he  rhymes 
Rome  with  home.  Cutheeri  Bede. 

"Hamlet":  "House  the  Devil"  (G''^  S.  x. 
427.) — Had  your  correspondent  F.  consulted  the 
Cambridge  edition  of  Shakespeare  he  would  no 
doubt  have  spared  himself  the  labour  of  his  elabo- 
rate epistle.  In  the  Addenda  to  vol.  viii.  of  that 
edition  he  will  find  that  his  conjecture  —  "  And 
eitlier  house  the  devil/'  &c.,  has  been  forestalled 
by  Bailey.  P.  A.  D. 

Degrees,  when  eirst  conferred  (.'v''  S.  s. 
449.)  —  According  to  Du  Boulay,  degrees  were 
conferred  after  a  regular  examination  from  the  first 
foundation  of  the  University  of  Paris.  This  uui- 
versitj',  tradition  asserts,  was  founded  by  Charle- 
magne in  the  ninth  century,  and  degi-ecs  were 
probably  introduced  in  the  English  universities 
from  Paris.  Others  consider  they  were  introduced 
by  Irnerius  into  the  University  of  Bologne  about 
the  year  1150,  and  thence  transferred  to  the 
Parisian  school.  The  title  of  Doctor  at  first  sig- 
nified a  teacher,  and  was  not  a  technical  degree. 
The  oldest  degrees  were  those  in  arts.  The  tei-m 
Bachelor  was  peculiar  to  the  feudal  or  military 
law  of  France,  and  this  would  strengthen  the 
theory  that  the  whole  system  of  academical  honours 
is  borrowed  from  the  Universitj^  of  Paris.  The 
terms  Master  and  Doctor  were  synonymous.  The 
title  Bache'ur  is  said  to  have  been  first  instituted 
by  Pope  Gregory  IX.  .(1227-1241).  The  word 
is"^  probably  derived  from  bacilla,  meaning  little 
staves.  Jno.  Piggot^  Jun. 

Picture  (S^"  S.  x.  169,  219.)— Since  ray  former 
communication  I  have  seen  this  remarkable  pic- 
ture at  the  Gallery  of  British  Art,  57  and  58  Pall 
Mall.  The  description  given  by  F.  C.  II.  II.  is 
verj'  accurate,  with  the  exception  that  no  horse  is 
rearing.  Mr.  Cox,  the  proprietor  of  the  Gallery, 
has  discovered  that  the  painting,  which  he  states 
to  be  by  Annibale  Caracci,  represents  the  death 
of  Darius  Codomauus  as  described  by  Justin,  and 
I  think  there  can  be  no  doubt  th.at  he  is  correct. 


1.    J  AX. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


23 


Jnstiu  (book  xi.  near  the  end)  records  the  pursuit 
of  Darius  by  Alexander,  and  thus  proceeds :  — 

"  E-r.onsiH  deinde  miilta  millia  passuum,  cu'.u  nullum 
Darii  indicium  reperlsset,  respirandi  equi-3  data  potestate, 
unus  ex  militibus,  dnm  ad  fontera  i)rimum  pergit,  in 
vehiculo  Darium  multis  quidem  vulnei-ibus  confossum, 
sed  spirantem  adhuc,  invenit.  Qui  applicito  captivo  cum 
civem  ex  voce  cognovisset,  id  saltern  praiscntis  fortunre 
solatium  so  habere  dixit,  quod  apud  iutcllecturum  locu- 
turus  cjset,  nee  incassum  postreraas  voces  cmissurus." 

It  will  be  observed  that  Jiisliu  makes  no  men- 
tion of  the  mutilation  of  the  horses,  and  this  may 
be  Tvitbout  historic  foundation.  But  the  painter, 
knovring  such  barbarity  to  be  in  accordance  -with 
Persian  custom,  may  have  considered  himself  jus- 
tified in  thus  representing  the  means  taken  by 
Nabarzaues  and  Bessus  to  prevent  the  horses  from 
carrying  their  murdered  master  into  a  more  fre- 
quented locality,  where  he  might  be  discovered 
before  they  had  eiiected  their  escape.  That  the 
Persians  were  accustomed  thus  barbarously  to 
mutilate  horses  is  shown  by  a  passage  in  Herodo- 
tus (Book  VII.  88)  on  the  death  of  Pharnuches, 
who  was  killed  by  a  fall  when  riding  out  of  Sar- 
dis :  — 

"With  respect  to  the  horse,  his  servants  immcdiately 
did  as  he  ordered :  for  leading  him  to  the  place  where  he 
had  thrown  his  master,  thev  cut  oft'  his  legs  at  the 
Icnees." 

Mr.  Cox  infonned  me  that  the  picture  has  ex- 
cited much  interest  from  its  peculiarity  and  the 
difficulty  of  discovering  the  incident  represented. 
Any  of  the  readers  of  "  X.  &  Q."  who  may  have 
an  opportunity  of  examining  it  will,  I  think,  be 
gvatiiied,  and  they  will  find  Mr.  Cox  ready  to 
give  all  the  information  he  has  collected  with 
regard  to  it.  II.  P.  D. 

"SHAKESrEARE  SAID  IT  FlRSX"  (3'"^  S.  X,  472.) 

It  is  not  only  into  the  mouth  of  Sir  Andrew 
Aguecheek  that  Shakespeare  has  put  this  "  ad- 
mirable confusion."     I  quote  some  instances  :  — 

"  Laitncclut.  The  young  gentleman  ...  is  .  .  .  gone  to 
heaven. 

"  Gohho.  Marrv,  God  forbid !  " 

3Ier chant  of  Venice,  Act  II.  Sc.  2. 
"  Titus.  Why,  didst  thou  not  come  from  heaven  ? 
"  Ctou-n.  From  heaven  ?   Alas,  sir,  I  never  came  there. 
God  forlid 
I  should  be  so  bold  to  press  to  heaven  in  my  young  days." 
Titus  Andrnnicus,  Act  IV.  Sc.  3. 
"  .  .  .  .  Xow  I,  to  comfort  him,  bid  him,  a'  should  not 
think  of  God  ;  I  hoped,  there  was  no  need  to  trouble  him- 
self with  any  such  thoughts  vet." 

Henry  Y.  Act  II.  Sc.  3. 

Marston,  in  liis  Dutch  Couiiczan,  seems  to  have 
imitated  the  last  passage  — 

"  0  husband  !  I  little  thought  you  should  have  come 
to  think  on  God  thns  soon." 

Dutch  Courtezan,  Act  V.  Sc.  1. 

JoH>'  Addis,  Jrx. 


DA^-TE  (3'"  S.  X.  78.)— The  name  Jova  m  the 
two  passages  quoted  from  the  Latin  Praver- 
book  of  the  Church  of  England  (editions  of  ]'713 
and  1729)  must  certainly  be  meant  as  a!i  abbre- 
viation of  Jchovc'Ji.  It  is  no  part  of  the  Latin 
noun,  nom.  Jupiter,  gen.  Jovis.  Uneda. 

Pliiladelphia. 

America  and  Caricatures  (3"*  S.  x.  310.)  — 
Tlie  following  from  an  article  in  the  Neiv  York 
Ecening  Post  will  furnish  a  partial  reply  to  Q.'s 
query  :  — 

"  Amongst  the  dead  papers  are  tlie  so-called  '  funny  ' 
journals — the  Lmitern,  John  Donkey,  Momus,  Vanity  Fair, 
and  Mrs.  Grundy — all  having  made  great  but  exceed- 
inglj'  unsuccessful  efibrts  to  live,  by  being  '  as  funnjv  as 
they  could.'  The  class  of  humorous  journals  in  New 
York  to-day  is  represented  by  the  Phunnie.st  of  Rum,  the 
Comic  Monthly,  &.C.,  papers  which  are  often  happj'  in  the 
wit  of  sharp  and  timely  caricatures,  political  or  otherwise, 
but  whose  literary  character  and  typographical  appear- 
ance are  execrable." 

A  glance  at  a  book-stall  enables  me  to  resolve 
the  Post's  "  &c."  into  the  John  Joker,  the  JSiicIffet 
of  Fun.  The  Phunny  Fellmc,  Nick-Nax,  Merry- 
man's  Monthly,  and  Yankee  Notions.  I  have  not 
felt  equal  to  looking  inside  any  of  them. 

St.  Th. 

riiiladelphia. 

Heraldic  Queries  (3''''  S.  x.  449.) — One  branch 
of  the  ancient  family  of  Archer  of  Kilkenny  boro 
achov.  erm.  between  three  pheons,  2  and  1.  These 
arms  appear  sculptured  in  various  places  in  the 
above  city,  but  the  tinctures  are  not  given. 

S.  H.  L.  A. 

Arms  oe  Prussia  (S'^  S.  x.  448.)  —  Your  cor- 
respondent asks  what  will  probably  be  the  new 
quarterings  in  the  Prussian  arms  by  reason  of  the 
late  annexation?  We  have  noticed  lately  new 
coins  (two-thaler  pieces)  issued  by  the  late  Free- 
state  Mint  at  Frankfort  (but  now  Prussian),  in 
which  the  coats  of  arms  of  all  the  lately  annexed 
states  are  to  be  seen  on  the  wings  of  the  eagle. 
Will  any  correspondent  inform  me  the  meaning 
of  the  lion  with  two  tails  i)i  the  coat  of  arms  of 
the  late  Landgrave  of  Hesse  ?  W.  W.  ]M. 

Frankfort-on-Main. 

Book  dedicated  to  the  "\^irgix  Mary  (3''<'  S. 
X.  447.) — I  have  in  my  possession  a  small  manual 
I  of  Prayers  for  the  Conversion  of  England,  given 
me  by  a  Roman  Catholic  priest  soon  after  its 
issue  by  the  Catholic  Institute  of  Great  Britain 
in  1840,  which  is  dedicated  to  "  Mary,  Mother  of 
Divine  Grace."  This  seems  to  be  a  parallel  to  the 
dedication  quoted  by  M.  C.  William  Wi>'g. 
Steeple  Aston,  Oxford. 

Helwatne  (3'"  S.  X.  469.)  —  F.  L.  asks  for  in- 
formation as  to  "the  Spurne,  Helwayne,  Tom 
Tumbler,  Boneles,  and  other  goblins."  I  can  give 
him  no  help  as  to  the  Spto-ne,  but  Grimm  (Deutsche 
Mythologie,  vol.  ii.   p.  760  et  seq.,  edit.  Gottingeu, 


24 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-d  S.  XI.  Jax.  5,  '67. 


1854)  affords,  I  think,  a  sufficient  explanation  of 
Helwayne.  He  tells  us  that  Hel  was  the  northern 
goddess  of  death,  the  word  afterwards  applied  to 
the  place  of  tlie  dead.  Ilellwayne  may  therefore 
be  either  Ilelwey  or  Ilellway,  the  road  to  the 
grave,  and  Ilellwey  is  the  name  of  several  common 
roads  in  Germany ;  or  llellwain,  Helwayen,  the 
car  of  Wuotan,  or  Odin,  which  brought  storms 
and  destroyed  men.  We  may  easily  understand 
how  girls  and  boys  might  dread  taking  the  road  to 
the  grave  at  night,  or  meeting  the  god  in  his  rage. 
Tom  Tumbler  seems  to  me  only  a  new  reading  of 
"Will-o'-the-Wisp.  Boneless  may  be  the  unsub- 
stantial apparition  or  ghost.  A.  R. 

Qtjotatiox  FRoii  HoiiEK  (S"^  S.  X.  510.)— The 
Homeric  sentiment  inquired  for  by  Student  may 
be  found  in  Jl.  ix.  312 :  — 

"Os  x'  '^Tipof  fJ'^i'  KivOr]  eVi  (ppecrlv,  &Wo  51  eirrj. 
The  following  is  Pope's  rendering  (ix.  412)  :  — 
*'  Who  dares  think  one  thing,  and  another  tell, 

My  heart  detests  him  as  the  gates  of  hell." 

SCHIN. 

Duke  of  CorELA>'D  (3^^  S.  x.  473.)  —  The 
family  who  first  held  this  title  (founded  by  a 
Grand  Master  of  those  Teutonic  Knights  who  won 
Courland  from  the  Pagans)  were  related  by  mar- 
riage to  the  House  of  Brandenburg.  They  became 
extinct  in  the  male  line  in  1737,  and  I  see  no  ap- 
parent connection  between  them  and  the  story 
heard  by  J.  M.  C.  On  (or,  indeed,  before)  the 
extinction  of  this  family,  John  Ernest  Biren,  or 
Biron,  was  elected  to  the  Duchy.  He  died  in  1772. 
His  son  Peter,  last  Duke  of  Courland,  who  abdi- 
cated in  1795  and  died  in  1800,  left  two  daughters, 
of  whom  the  Duchess  de  Sagan,  marrying  the 
Duke  de  Dino  of  the  Talleyrand  family,  was  grand- 
mother of  the  present  Prince  of  Sagan.  I  believe 
she,  as  well  as  her  sister,  is  still  alive. 

The  career  of  John  Ernest  Biron  was  a  very 
strange  one.  Alternately  loved  and  hated  by 
the  princesses  who  ruled  at  St.  Petersburg,  he  was 
one  day  the  sovereign  of  Courland,  another  an 
exile  in  Siberia,  and  during  his  long  absence  two 
dukes  were  elected  to  the  rtnoccupied  throne, 
which  neither  succeeded  in  retaining.  One  of 
these  was  the  famous  Marshal  Saxe,  w^ho  was 
elected  in  172G,  but  driven  out  by  the  Russians. 
After  his  subsequent  splendid  campaigns  in  the 
French  service,  Louis  XV.  gave  him  the  castle  of 
Chambord,  where  he  lived  like  a  feudal  prince  of 
the  middle  ages,  attended  by  a  sort  of  bodyguard 
of  soldiers  of  fortune,  Germans  and  others,  his 
companions  on  many  a  battle-field.  Here,  on 
Nov.  30,  1750,  he  died  of  a  putrid  fever.  So  at 
least  Europe  was  told.  But  tliere  is  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  he  was  killed  in  a  duel  forced  upon  him 
by  the  hot-headed  Prince  de  Conti,  who  had  an 


old  military  grudge  against  him,;  but  that  the 
king  and  court  succeeded  in  concealing  from  the 
grieving  nation  the  fact  that  the  hero  of  Fontenoy 
and  Rocoux  had  been  slain  by  a  prince  of  the 
blood.  Was  M.  Deaume,  one  of  the  marshal's 
German  Uhlans  and  a  witness  of  the  duel,  sent 
out  of  the  way  by  the  French  court  ?       S.  P.  Y. 

Kell_  Well  (3^<i  S.  x.  470.)  —  Surely  kcll  well 
means  simpl}"  the  cool  tcell,  so  called  because  situ- , 
ated  in  a  "  cool  grot."  Kcle  in  old  English  means 
cool  or  chill,  from  the  A.S.  celan,  to  cool,  to  chill. 
The  word  chill  itself  must  once  have  been  pro- 
nounced kill  or  keh.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Badge  of  the  Second  Regiment  (S'''*  S.  vii. 
5,  168,  &:c.) — Is  it  not  very  likely  that  it  is 
entirely  a  mistake  (naturally  fallen  into  on  account 
of  their  service  in  Tangiers),  that  the  badge  of  the 
Second  Regiment  has  anything  whatever  to  do 
with  the  Portuguese  arms  ?  Was  it  not  merely  a 
conspicuous  emblem  of  Christianity,  used  by  them 
when  fighting  against  Mahometans  ? 

John  DAvrosoN. 

Portraits  of  Criminals  (S""**  S.  x.  450.) — The 
practice  of  distributing  the  portraits  of  criminals 
for  '•  Hue  and  Cry"  purposes  seems  to  have  been 
usual  in  the  age  of  the  dramatists.  Many  pas- 
sages like  that  from  King  Lear  might  be  found  in 
plays  of  Shakespeare's  contemporaries.  I  subjoin 
two  from  Massinger :  — 

" All  passages 

Are  intercepted,  and  choice  troops  of  horse 

Scoiir  o'er  the  neighbour  plains ;  j'our  picture  sent 

To  everj-  state  confederate  with  Milan,"  &c. 

Duke  of  Milan,  Act  V.  Sc.  1. 

"  Flaminius.        .        .        Ton  have  the  picture 
Of  the  impostor  ? 
"  Demetrius.  Drawn  to  the  life,  my  lord.     - 
"  Flaminitts.  Take  it  along  with  jou,"  &c.    . 

Believe  as  Yuu  List,  Act  III.  Sc.  1. 

John  Addis,  Jvn. 

Roby's  "  Traditions  of  Lancashire  "  (S'*  S. 
X.  450.) — The  query  of  your  correspondent  Bib- 
LiOTHECAR.  Chetham,  touching  the  authorship  of 
Traditions  of  Lancashire,  is  easih'  answered.  Mr. 
Croftnu  Croker  commimicated  the  ''  Bar-geist,"  or 
"Boggart,"  as  maybe  seen  by  reference  to  that 
legend.  There  were  not  any  other  contributors  to 
the  work. 

Air.  Roby's  habit,  in  the  composition  both  of 
these  and  of  other  tales,  was  to  write  in  the  even- 
ing in  the  presence  of  his  family;  and  as  each 
story  was  finished,  to  read  it  aloud  to  them  to 
judge  of  its  efiect.  Family  " traditions  "  remain 
of  incidents  connected  with  the  composition  of 
several  of  the  "  traditions  of  Lancashire  :''  those  of 
"Mab's  Cross"  and  "Rivingtou  Pike,"  for  instance. 
Cognizance, 


3"»  S.  XI.  Jan. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


25 


John  Witherspoon's  DESCENDAifTS  (3"^  S.  x. 
167.)  —  The  Hon.  John  C.  Breckenridge  is  one  of 
them.  He  was  elected  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States  in  1856,  and  subsequently  held 
office  in  the  (so-called)  Confederate  States. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Witherspoon  was  a  descendant  of 
John  Knox,  the  (so-called)  Scottish  Reformer. 

M.  E. 

Philadelphia, 

.Dutch  asd  other  Languages  (3'"^  S.  x.  474.) 
I  A.  O.  V.  P.  does  not  saj^  Tfhether  he  requires  an 
elementary  hook  for  learning  Dutch,  or  one  to 
serve  as  a  complete  book  of  reference  on  all  points. 
If  the  former,  I  do  not  see  why  Ahn's  Grammar 
would  not  seiTe  his  purpose.  There  are  only 
124  pages  certainly,  but  they  contain  all  that  a 
heginner  can  want  to  know  for  some  time,  and  it 
is  a  very  easy  book  to  learn  from.  The  Pocket- 
Dictionary  published  by  Tauchnitz  is  a  very  good 
one.  Whilst  I  am  about  it,  I  add  a  list  of  ele- 
mentary books  for  those  about  to  begin  a  new 
language ;  all  of  which  are  good  as  far  as  they  go^ 
and  are  perhaps  among  the  least  expensive  books 
that  can  be  obtained :  — 

Anglo-Saxon — Vernon's  Anglo-Saxon  Guide  ; 
Bosworth's  Compendious  (or  smaller)  Dictionary. 

Mceso-Gothic — Massmann's  ^'  Ulfilas." 
I        German — Felling's  German  Grammar ;  Felling's 
'  German    Pieading-book ;    Fliigel's    smaller  Dic- 
tionarj'. 

Dutch — Ahn's  Grammar;  "Tauchnitz"  Dic- 
tionary. 

SivedisJi — Ahn's  Grammar  (really  written   by 
i   Lenstrom)  ;  "  Tauchnitz  "  Pocket-Dictionary. 

Danish — Ahn's  (Lund's)  Grammar ;  Ferrall  and 
Eepp's  Dictionary. 

Italian — Meadows'  Pocket-Dictionary  (contain- 
ing a  short  grammar)  j  if  this  is  not  enough,  add 
Ahn's  Grammar. 

Sj)anit<h — Meadows'  Dictionary  j  Del  Mar's 
Grammar  (very  good). 

Portuguese — Vieyra's  Dictionary;  Vieyra's  Gram- 
mar. 

Welsh — Spurrell's  Dictionary ;  Spurrell's  Gram- 
mar. 

Icelandic— V^QiSex's  Altnordische  Lesebuch. 

I  am  induced  to  give  this  list  because  I  think 
man}'  persons  would  like  to  know  how  to  make  a 
beginning  of  some  one  or  more  of  the  above  lan- 
guages, and  do  not  want  to  be  perplexed  with 
over-much  information  at  starting.  Other  books 
tliere  may  be  as  good  as  those  I  have  named,  but 
the  above  I  can  recommend  from  having  used 
them.  The  standard  large  dictionaries  are  easily 
)^  found  out.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

-  '■  To  beat  Hollow"  (3"*  S.  x.  352.)— The  ex- 
;  planatiou  of  this  phrase  is  not,  I  think,  far  to 
:  seek.  A  coppersmith,  in  forming  a  hollow  vessel, 
I  takes  a  flat  plate  and  hammers  it  over  a  proper 


mould  until  it  assumes  the  required  shape, 
when  it  is  finished  and  complete.  So  a  person 
thoroughly  beaten,  whether  in  a  mental  or  phy- 
sical contest,  is  said  to  be  done  up — finished — 
beaten  holloiv :  so  much  beaten  as  to  require  no 
more  blows. 

In  like  manner,  a  person  is  said  to  be  dead  beat 
when  he  is  so  prostrated,  or  left  behind,  as  to  be 
no  more  capable  of  continuing  the  contest  than  a 
dead  man.  J.  A.  P. 

Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 

Cranmer  Fahilt  (3^1  S.  x.  431,  483.)— Thomas 
Cranmer,  the  son  of  Thomas,  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, is  named  in  "  Cranmer's  Case  " — 3.  Leo- 
nard's Reports,  20.  The  late  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter 
gave  me  further  particulars  (now  lost)  some  forty 
years  ago.     They  may  be  among  his  MSS.        F. 

R.  K. :  Richard  Kilvert  (1^'  S.  ii.  21.)  —  So 
long  ago  as  1850,  your  correspondent  F.  K.  asked 
for  information  about  "  the  notorious  R.  K.,  the 
unprincipled  persecutor  of  Archbishop  Williams." 
If  F,  K,  will  communicate  with  me,  we  may 
assist  each  other ;  or  if  any  of  yom-  readers  will 
refer  me  to  any  particulars  of  this  Kilvert,  the 
jackal  of  the  Star  Chamber,  I  shall  be  glad. 

John  S.  Burn. 

The  Grove,  Henlev. 

HrMNOLOGY  (3'd  S.  X.  402,  493.)— Mr.  Sedg- 
AViCK  is,  I  think,  incorrect  in  assuming  that  Anne 
Flowerdew  ever  claimed  the  authorship  of  the 
poems  published  by  her  mother,  whose  Christian 
name  was  Alice.  My  impression  (for  I  have  not 
the  book  before  me)  is  that,  on  the  title-page  of 
the  third  edition,  1811,  the  poems  are  said  to  be 
by  '^  A.  Flowerdew."  Sir  R.  Palmer's  mistake  in 
attributing  the  Harvest  Hymn  to  Anne  Flower- 
dew was  pointed  out  to  me  by  one  of  her  de- 
scendants. Joseph  Rix,  M.D. 

St.  Xeots. 

Low  (S'l  S.  X.  497.)— I  ask  with  some  diffi- 
dence—  when  gentlemen  of  general  and  local 
knowledge  are  giving  their  opinions — whether  the 
term  is  not  more  particularly  in  use  in  hilly 
countries  to  distinguish,  not  the  plain  from  the 
hill,  but  the  lower  hill  from  the  higher  ?  Thus  a 
barrow,  however  large,  would  be  a  low  to  Prim- 
rose Hill;  whereas  the  latter  would  take  that 
term  as  compared  with  Snowdon,  if  in  contiguity 
with  it.  ^J.  A.  G. 

Carisbrooke, 

Essays  in  Verse  (3"^  S.  x.  503.)  —  Your  cor- 
respondent J.  O.,  like  many  other  Englishmen, 
evidently  knows  little  about  the  courts  of  law 
in  Scotland,  otherwise  he  would  not  speak  of 
^^  Edinburgh  Justiciary-  Court."  The  Justiciary, 
or  Supreme  Criminal  Court,  holds  its  sittings  in 
Edinburgh;  but  cases  are  tried  there  from  all 
parts  of  Scotland,  and  the  judges  go  circuit  twice 


26 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  JA^'. 


correct  to  talk  of  | 


a-jear.    It  would  be  fully 
'''London  Queeu'a  Bench  Court."  j 

jlc  is  in  another  mistake,  in  stating  that  Lord  | 
Dr^-ghom  was  a  judge  of  the  Court  ot  Justiciary. 
IIo  ncN-er  was  so;  but  he  held  that  office  in  the 
Supreme'  Civil  Court  (the  Court  of  Session),  a-om 
17S8  to  170G,  in  which  last-mentioned  year  he  { 
,li.>d      There  is  an  anonymous  publication  ot  his  \ 
lordship's,   printed  in  1759,  not  included  m  the  j 
odilion  of  liis  work-s,  1798  :   Ohservaiions  on  some  | 
Points  of  Law,  loith  a  System  of  the  Judicial  Laiv 
of  Moses.  ^'-     I 

Edinburgh.  ; 

Rome:  Room  (3"1  S.  x.  456.)  —Far  advanced 
iii  my  eightlv  decade,  I  cannot  but  smile  at  the 
correspondence  in  your  pages  respecting  the  pro- 
nnncialion  of  Rome.  That  it  was  ever  called 
/loom  seems  to  many  like  a  mythical  tradition,  and 
10  all  to  have  been  only  an  eccentric  habit  of  a  few 
individuals.  ^   ,  .  •,  t  x-n 

Now,  Sir,  in  my  youth— I  think  I  may  say  till 
the  close  of  the  great  war  opened  the  Continent 
to  English  travellers— i2oo?«  was  universal  in  the 
lan-ruago  of  '•  good  company"  :  as  were  many  cor- 
ruptions of  proper  names  and  other  words,  to 
pronounce  which  in  strict  accordance  with  the 
Bpelliug  would  have  been  considered,  if  not  posi- 
tively vulgar,  very  nearly  akin  to  it.  Lord  Bris- 
tol was  Lord  Bristor;  Lord  Jersey,  Lord  J«rsey 
( we  still  say  I)«rby  and  Bf/rkeley)  ;  the  Howards  j 
•.vere  Jloarih  (we  still  say  Singean  and  SeUenffcr  for  j 
St.  John  and  St.  Leger)  ;  the  Cavendishes  and  i 
C.rosvennrs  were  restored  to  their  legitimate  patro- 
nymics before  my  time,  but  my  father  remem- 
bered them  Candiihes  and  Gravenors  ;  the  Uuke 
of  Hamilton  was,  very  commonly,  Duke  Iiam- 
hieton. 

Brighton  was  a  newspaper  name  only.  The 
Trince  or  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  went  to  Brighthelm- 
tfnn.  Woe  to  the  pedant  in  those  days  who 
spoke  of  lilac,  or  citina,  or  a  cucumlcr  !  The  colour 
wivs  laloch,  tlie  vegetable  coivcumber ;  and  Ijord 
Luscelles,  who  collected  the  famous  china  gal- 
lery at  Harewood,  knew  the  material  by  no  name 
but  chant/. 

These  instances  immediately  occur  to  me.  I 
have  no  doubt  there  are  abundance  of  others. 

Railways  arc  gradually  reconciling  the  car  to 
the  names  of  En<^lish  places  as  they  are  prcsi-nted 
to  the  cijc  —  an  immense  reform:  for  provincial 
corrupti<T*!,  abbreviation,  and  even  arbitrary  change, 
are  in  lheirca.se  the  rule  rather  than  the  excep- 
tion. Senex. 

The  Porcklain  Towkr  at  Naxkix  (3"^  S.  x. 
-IC).) — W.  asks  information  about  this  once  famous 
tower.  I  visited  its  ruins  on  April  21,  1801,  and 
can  give  some  account  of  it. 

The  L^ew  Ic  paou  fah,  or  "  Vitreous  precious- 
stone  pagoda,''  was  built  about  A.n.  200;  and  re- 


built, as  it  recently  stood,  a.d.  1400,  when  it 
occupied  nineteen  years  in  construction,  and  cost 
000,000^.  It  was  of  nine  stories,  though  com- 
monly reputed  to  be  of  thirteen,  as  it  was  intended 
to  be  of  this  number.  Its  height  was  201  feet, 
and  diameter  at  the  base  90  feet  10  inches.  There 
were  150  bells,  and  140  lamps  in  it. 

In  1850  the  TienAYang,  one  of  the  rebel  chiefs, 
wantonly  blew  it  up  with  gunpowder  —  some  say 
to  spite  another  Wang,  others  because  he  de- 
clared it  to  be  too  old  ! 

If  I  recollect  rightly,  Mr.  Oliphant,  in  his 
account  of  Lord  Elgin's' expedition,  says  the  site 
is  not  marked  by  even  a  fragment.  My  visit  was 
two  years  and  a  half  after  Mr.  Olipbant's,  and  I 
can  testify  that  it  was  very  distinctly  marked,  and 
by  nothing  but  fragments,  a  considerable  number 
of  which  we  carried  away  to  preserve  by  having 
them  set  as  letter-weights. 

The  Taiping  crowd  showed  not  the  slightest 
respect  for  these  shattered  remnants  of  grandeur, 
and  assisted  us  to  carry  them  to  our  boat. 

I  should  add  that  its  real  origin  is  conjectural, 
being  lost  in  antiquity  :  — 

"  So  nuicli  for  monuments  tliat  have  forgotten 
Their  verv  record."  Bvrou,  Sardanapalus. 

W.  T.  M, 
Hongkong,  October  23, 1866. 
CopPEK  Coixs  (3"i  S.  X.  353,  425.)— The  pieces 
described  by  W.  S.  J.  and  C.  F.  are  copper  far- 
things. A  coin  of  this  description  is  figured  m 
Plate  VI.  129,  appended  to  Simon's  Essay  o;i 
L-ish  Coins.  Particular  mention  of  the  coin  de- 
scribed by  0.  F.  is  m.ade  by  Simon  in  his  Essay, 
pp.  44,  45  :  — 

"  King  Charles  I.  soon  after  his  accession  granted  a 

patent  to  Frances,   duchess  do^vager  of  Eichmond   and 

Lennox,  and  to  Sir  Francis  Crane,  knight,  for  the  terra 

of  seventeen  years,  impowering  them  to  strike  copper 

fiirthin"?,  and  bv  proclamation  ordered  that  they  should 

equally  pass  in'  England  and  Ireland.     They  are  very 

small  "and  thin,  and  have  on  one  side  two  scepters  m 

saltire  through  a  crown,  and  this  inscription,  'carolls  . 

D  .  G  .  MAG .  Biu  . ;  reverse,  the  crowned  harp,  and  frax  . 

r.T  .  iiiB  .  RKX.      They  weigh  about  six  grains,  and  have 

I  a  wool-pack,  a  bell,  or  a  flower-de-luce  mint  mark." 

I      There  was  a  copper  farthing  of  the  previous 

I  reign,  James  L,  of  precisely  the  same  type ;   as 

I  there  appears  also  to  have  been  of  Charles  IL, 

j  coined  but  not  put  into   circulation.     The   harp 

=  and  crown  was  the  ordinary  reverse  of  Irish  coins 

I  from  tlie  time  of  Henry  VIIL  to  a  late  period. 

I  Dutch  Custom  (3^<»  S.  x.  493.)— Tlie  origin  of 
I  hanging  a  piece  of  lacework  at  the  side  of  the 
!  doors  in  Holland,  is  traced  to  the  siege  of  the  city 
I  of  Ilaariem  in  1572.  when  the  Dutch  struggled  tor 
I  their  independence  from  the  yoke  of  Philip,  King 
'  of  Spain. 
I      The  cruelties  perpetrated  by  the  Spanish  sol- 


S.  XI.  J.\x.  5,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


27 


diers  were  so  great,  that  the  citizens  of  the  dif- 
ferent to"wn3  resolved  to  exhaust  every  means  of 
resistance  rather  than  submit.  The  tovv-n  of 
Haarlem  diitingiiished  iLself  by  the  desperate 
bravery  vciVa  •which,  for  seven  months,  it  stood 
out  against  the  large  army  under  the  Duke  of 
Alva's  son.  At  length  a  truce  was  agreed  upon. 
Previous  to  the  surrendering  of  the  town,  a  depu- 
tation of  aged  matrons  waited  on  the  Spanish 
general  to  know  in  what  manner  the  women  who 
were  at  the  time  in  childbirth  should  be  pro- 
tected from  molestation  in  case  of  the  introduction 
of  the  soldiery,  and  he  requested  that  at  the  door 
of  each  house  containing  a  female  so  situated,  an 
appropriate  token  sliould  be  hung  out,  and  pro- 
mised that  that  house  should  not  be  troubled. 

The  custom  is  still  in  use,  the  lace  being  hung 
out  several  weeks  previous  to  the  expected  birth, 
and  hangs  several  weeks  afterwards,  a  small 
alteration  being  made  as  soon  as  the  sex  of  the 
child  is  known.  Daring  the  time  of  this  exhibi- 
tion, the  house  is  exempt  from  all  legal  execu- 
tion, and  the  husband  cannot  be  taken  to  serve  as 
a  soldier.  Edw.  Aru^tdel  Carttae. 

Weston  Family  (3'^  S.  viii.  334;  ix.  140,  Sec.) 
G.  W.  E.  may  probably  derive  information  from 
the  elaborate  and  emblazoned  genealogical  MvSS. 
(Add.  18,607)  in  the  British  Museum  on  ydlam, 
with  an  alphabetical  index,  intituled  — 

"  Westonorum  Familise  antiquissima  ex  agro  Stafford. 
Genealopia,  1G32.  Gulielmus  Segar,  Garterus  principalis 
IJex  Armoru  Anj;licorum.  Ex  iudastria  et  labure  Heu. 
Lily  Rouge-Rose." 

From  it,  as  well  as  from  the  Visitation  of  Essex, 
1612  (Hark  MS-S.  G065),  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
coat  "Or,  an  eagle  displayed  regardant  sa.,''  was 
continuously  borne  by  the  ancestor  of  Richard 
Weston,  first  Earl  of  Portland,  from  the  time  of 
the  grant  to  Hamo  de  Weston,  so  far  back  as 
1210,  as  stated  by  II. 

The  date  of  the  birth  and  dnte  and  place  of 
death  of  Benjamin,  youngest  son  of  the  ih-it  earl, 
have  not  met  my  view ;  but  I  find  (Dug.  Bar. 
ii.  460 ;  Jsichols'  Leiccst.  iii.  2Go)  tliat  he  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Sheldon  of  Ilouby, 
CO.  Leicester,  and  widow  of  Charles  "S'illiers,  Earl 
of  Anglesey.  The  latter  died  1600,  and  Benjamin, 
at  one  time  heir  expectant,  predeceased  his  brother 
Thomas,  who  died  in  1688.  II.  M.  Vane. 

Waste  Pater  (.3'<J  S.  x.  40.)  — The  collection 
of  waste  paper  for  sale  has  been  carried  on  as  a 
busine.-s  here  for  several  years  past  by  a  few  men 
and  women,  but  principally  by  young  girls.  The 
paper  collected  is  sold  for  a  few  cents  a  pound  to 
dealers,  who  re-sell  it  to  the  paper-makers.  The 
increasing  consumption  of  paper,  with  which  the 
supply  of  rags  does  not  keep  pace,  has  given  rise 
to  this  trade. 

This  subject  reminds  me  that  a\  lien  Dr.  Franklin 


was  in  London  for  the  last  time,  a  woman  was  ia 
the  habit  of  calling  at  his  residence,  among  others, 
to  beg  for  the  wax  seals  upon  the  letters  receive-"! 
by  him.  She  re-melted  what  she  thus  collected 
into  new  sticks,  and  supported  herself  by  the  sale 
of  them.  BAPv-Pon<T. 

.Philadelphia. 

iHis'cellaufOuiJ. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

The  Annotated  Book  of  Connnon  Prayer  ;  beiiiij  an  IJistnn- 
cal.  Ritual,  and  Theological  Commentary  on  the  Devo- 
tional Si/siem  of  the  Church  of  England.  Edited  by  the 
Rev.  John  Ilemy  Blunt,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  &c.  Fart  IL 
(Rivingtoiis.) 

On  the  appearance  of  the  First  Part  of  this  learned  and 
valuable  edition  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  "we  laid 
before  our  readers  {ante,  2"''  S.  ix.  403)  at  some  length 
particulars  of  the  object  and  scope  of  the  work.  The 
book  is  now  completed  by  the  publication  of  the  larger 
and  in  some  respects  more  important  division  of  it.  This 
commences  with  an  Introduction  to  the  Liturgy  by  the 
Editor ;  and  the  Order  for  the  Holy  Communion  wliich 
follows  is  largely  annotated  by  theEditor  and  the  Rev. 
P.  G.  Medd.  So  in  like  manner  the  Offices  for  Holv 
Baptism,  for  the  Visitation  of  the  Sick,  the  Burial  of  the 
Dead,  and  indeed  all  the  other  offices  and  .'^frvicc.s  in- 
cluded in  our  Prayer  Book,  arc  traced  to  their  primitive 
sources,  and  carefully  illustrated.  At  a  moment,  there- 
fore, like  the  present,  when  the  minda  of  Churclunen  are 
so  vehementljf  stirred  b}'  the  so-called  ritualistic  move- 
ment, tlii-s  endeavour  to  illustrate  the  origin,  source*,  ar.d 
history  of  our  beautiful  Form  of  Common  Prayer  is  well 
v.-orthy  the  attention  of  all  v.ho  desire  to  understand  the 
many  questions  now  under  discussion  ;  and  even  those 
who  may  most  difler  from  the  vie'ws  of  the  Editor  and 
his  associates  must  acknowledge  what  a  large  amount  of 
learned  and  practical  illustration  they  have  brought  to 
bear  upon  the  development  of  the  Prayer-Book  from  the 
ancient  Formularies  of  the  Church,  and  the  modifications 
made  in  it  up  to  the  j-ear  IGOl. 

English  Prose  Treatises  of  Richard  Rolle  de  Humpok. 
Edited  from  the  Thornton  MS.  in  Lincoln  Cathedral. 
By  George  G.  Perry. 

Merlin;  or,  The  Early  History  of  Arthur.  A  Prose 
Romance  (about  1450 — 1460,  a.u.)  Edited  from  the 
Unique  3rS.  in  the  U'7UL-crsity  Library,  Canilridnc,  b>t 
Henry  B.  Wheatley. 

The  Early  English  Text  Society  (to  whom  we  are  in- 
debted for  these  two  volumes)  are  so  active,  and  th.eii' 
publications  follow  each  other  so  rapidly,  that  we  must 
on  the  present  occasion  content  ourselves  with  notifying 
the  appearance  of  these  new  and  useful  additions  to  our 
printed  stores  of  Early  English. 

The  First  Man  and  his  Place  in  Creation,  cojtsidered  ott 
the  Principles  of  Science  and  Common  Sense,  from  a 
Christian  Point  of  View;  with  an  Append).!-' on  the 
I  JVcgro.  By  George  Moore,  31.  D.  (Longmans.) 
j  Dr.  iiloore's  work  aims  at  giving  in  a  popular  and  read- 
I  able,  and,  we  might  add,  a  somewhat  discursive  forni 
j  the  arguments  against  those  views  of  man's  oritrin  which 
I  are  associated  in  this  country  with  the  name  of  Huxley, 
j  and  are  generalh'  supposcd'to  find  so  much  favour  with 
j  the  Anthropological  Society.     The  author  has  evidently 

read  and   thought  much   on  the   extremely   interesting 
I  question  of  which  he  treats.  His  stylo  is  easy  and  spirited. 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"»  S.  XL  Jan.  6,  '67. 


and  an  admiraljle  moral  tone  pervades  the  book.  The  man- 
ner in  wliich  the  .subject  is  handled  is  too  popular  for  the 
■work  to  be  regarded  as  a  contribution  of  much  import- 
ance towards  the  settlement  of  the  question ;  but  Dr. 
Moore  will  have  done  good  service  in  .spreading  informa- 
tion on  the  present  state  of  the  controversy,  and  reminding 
us  that  the  time  has  not  yet  come  for  resigning  our  beau- 
tiful old  belief  in  a  single  first  man  created  in  the  image 
of  bis  Maker. 

The  Librarv  of  the  Society  of  Aktiquakies  is 
assuming  an  important  cliaracter  as  a  Library  of  English 
'I'opography.  Its  series  of  our  great  county  histories  is 
veiy  complete,  and  it  is  now  desired  to  supplement  them 
by  the  minor  histories  of  cities,  boroughs,  and  villages. 
Local  guide-books  are  especially  desired.  Several  collec- 
tions of  such  minor  -works  have  been  recently  presented 
by  Fellows  of  the  Society  who  take  an  interest  in  the 
movement — an  example  which  it  is  hoped  will  be  exten- 
.*ively  followed. 


'66  AND  '67. 

[The  learned  friend  who  acts  as  our  Poet  Laureate  is 
snowed  up— so  that  his  New  Year's  Ode,  which  should 
liave  opened  the  number,  only  reached  us  just  in  time  to 
wind  it  up. — Ed.  "X.  &  Q."] 

Well !  the  old  weary  year  Las  flown, 

With  all  its  war  and  horrid  panic  ; 
Mobs,  Fenians,  rinderpest,  and  loan ; 

And  kings,  or  deiuajfogues  tyrannic  : 
And  ships  have  drifted  on  the  sands, 

And  lofty  statesmen  dragged  their  anchors ; 
And  bankrupt  are  the  Sunday  bands, 

And  mines  blown  up  as  well  as  bankers. 
Old  England  now  contrives  to  speak 

Across  the  Atlantic — "  nothing  in  it ! '' 
And  wars  are  over  in  a  week, 

Cost — half  a  thousand  crowns  a  minute  ! 
While  Palliser  lays  iron-clads  low, 

As  does  Do  Morgan  circle-squarers : 
And  chiynons  threaten  soon  to  grow 

As  big  as  haycocks  on  their  wearers. 
And  sixty-six  now  makes  its  bow 

And  stately  exit,  and,  good  heavens  ! 
Here's  sixty-seven,  who  comes  to  vow 

We're  all  at  sixes  and  at  seyens. 

No !  let  us  hope  our  little  boat 

Is  80  well  found,  so  strong  it  ribb'd  is. 

It  still  may  safely,  gaily  float 

Through  all  this  Scylla  and  Charybdis. 

Still  may  we  scholarly  explore 

The  diamond  mines  of  Athens'  Sages  : 

Still  fondly  clasp  the  People's  lore, 
Or  legend  of  the  Middle  Ages — 

Still  dig  to  find  the  roots  of  words, 
Or  joy  in  friendly  controversies, 

Or  strive  t'  attune  the  loosened  chords — 

Oh !  careless  hands — in  Shakespeare's  verses : 

So  may,  in  future  times,  the  wight 

Who  seeks  for  certain  facts  say,  "Here  is 

The  book  of  books  to  sot  us  right- 
Old,  truthful,  genial  Notes  and  QrERiES." 


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THE  ANNOTATED  BOOK  of  COMMON 
PRAYER  ;  being  an  Historical,  Ritual,  and  Theological  Com- 
mentiry  on  the  Devotional  System  of  the  Church  of  England.  Edited 
by  the  REV.  JOHN  HENRY  BLUNT,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  Author  of 
"  Household  Theology,"  &c.,  &c. 

The  publishers  venture  to  place  this  work  before  the  Public  as  the 
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Besides  the  contents  of  an  ordinary  frayer-book,  this  volume  con- 
tains as  much  Illustrative  matter  as  would  fill  five  octavo  volumes  of 
4110  pages  each. 

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NOTES  AND  aUERIES: 

gi  StMitm  d  '^witxtmmumim 

roR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

""When  found,  make  a  note  of." — Captain  Cuttle. 


No.  263. 


Saturday,  January  12,  1867. 


C  Price  Foiirpence. 
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T 


HE     EDINBURGH     REVIEW,    No.    CCLV. 

Will  be  published  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT. 
Contexts. 
I.  FOREIGN  rOUCY  OF  SIK  JOHN  LAWRENCE. 
II.  ADAM  FERGUSON. 
III.  THE  PRIVATE  BUSINESS  OF  PARLIAMENT. 
IV.  RAWLINSON'S  ANCIENT  MONARCHIES. 

V.  MODERN  GLASS  PAINTING. 
VI.  TENANT  COMPENSATION  IN  IRELAND. 
VII.  EARLY  ENGLISH  TEXTS. 
VIII.  METEORIC  SHOWERS. 
IX.  POSITION  AND  PROSPECTS  OF  PARTIES. 
London  :  LONGMANS  and  CO.    Edinbursh  :  A.  and  C.  BLACK. 

Just  publialied,  price  2s.  Gii.,  Part  XXI.  of 

THE  HERALD  AND  GENEALOGIST.    Edited 

X  by  JOHN  GOUGH  NICHOLS,  F.S.A. 

CONTENTS : — 

Manor  of  Bitton,  eo.  Gloucester,  and  Pedigrees  of  Amneville,  Button, 
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Hampshire Swillington  of  Swillington Seals  <Jt   the  Setons — The 

Earldom  of  Brcadalbane The  Monuments  and  Heraldry  of  old  Chelsea 

Church Surnames  as   evidence  of  Descent — Semi-Royal    Titles   of 

Peerage Returns  on  the  Peers  of  Irelaud Uoubtfoi.   Baronetcies: 

Harington,  of  Ridlington;  Graham,  of  Eskj  Courtenay,  of  Powderham; 
I' Anson,  of  Ashby  St.  Leger's;  Bunce,  of  London;  Palmer,  of  Wing- 
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England Notes  and  Queries. 

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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  12,  '67 


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NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


Volusie  Nintb,  Tbird    Series. 


Englisb,  Zrisb,  and  Scotcb  History,  i 

Oliver  Cromwell  and  Spenser's  Grandson —Marriage  of  the  Old  Pre- 
tender—The Young  Pretender  in  London  —  King  Arthur's  Tomb- 
stone—Pury  Papers— Sir  William  Walworth  and  Wat  Tyler— Was 
Prince  Charles  Edward  ever  in  Shefiicld  ?— Cromwell's  Sixty  Pro- 
positions for  remodelling  Chancery  —  Meeting  of  Wellington  and 
Blucher  —  Epitaph  in  Christchurch  Cathedral,  Dublin  —  Scottish 
Chartularies— Disinterment  of  Buonaparte's  Remains. 

Bio^aptay. 

John  Gaule— Rev.  J.  Boucher— Daniel  Defoe  in  Edinburgh— Queen 
Mary,  Jan  de  Beaugue,  and  Marshal  Guebriant— Nahum  Tate— God- 
frey Goodman— Francis  Place—Lives  of  Dr.  Beattie— Sir  T.  Pope— 
Dr.  Polidori— William  Stafford— James  Puckle— James  Howell. 

Bibliogrrapby  and  Xiiterary  History. 

Original  Prospectus  of  "  The  Times  "—Satire  against  Home's  "  Doug- 
las"—List  of  Charles  Cotton's  Works- Forgotten  Literary  Periodicals 
— Jarvis  Matcham  the  Murderer  — The  Flying  Highwayman— Ten- 
nyson's Sarly  Poetry— Letters  of  Marie  Antoinette— Waller's  Poems 
—Irish  Literary  Periodicals  —  Eden's  Edition  of  Bishop  Taylor  — 
Gibbon's  Miscellaneous  Works— Inkle  and  Yarico— Letters  of  Philip 
de  Comines  — Homer  in  a  Nutshell  — Anglo-Iiish  Bibliography— 
Musa;  Etonenses— Ruggle's  "  Ignoramus  "—The  Percy  Manuscripts. 

Popular  Antiquities  and  Folk-Xiore. 

Husbands  at  the  Church  Door— Dorset  Folk-Lore— Indo-Mahome- 
dan  Folk-Lore— The  Cotswold  Sports— Legend  of  St.  Nicholas- 
White  used  for  Mourning— Need  Fire  a  Cure  lor  Cattle  Plague— A 
Rush  Ring- Were  Wolves— English  Popular  Tales. 

Ballads  and  Old  Poetry. 

Contributions  from  Foreign  Ballad  Literature— The  Dragon  of 
Wantley— Shakspeare  and  the  Bible— A  Plea  for  Chaucer— Balma- 
whapple's  Song— Anonymous  Ballads — The  Jew's  Daughter— Sweet 
Kitty  Clover— Huntingdonshire  May- day  Song. 

Popular  and  Proverbial  Saying^s. 

Never  a  Barrel  the  better  Herring- Birds  of  a  Feather  Flock  together 
—  Up  at  Harwich- Leading  Apes  in  Hell. 

Pbilology. 

Hue  and  Cry-CTameur  de  Haro-Late  Make  :  This  and  That-Rot- 
ten Row-Bosworth — Vnglo-Saxon  Dictionary— Cooper's  Thesaurus- 
Starboard  and  Larboard— Meaning  of  Club. 

Genealogy  and  Heraldry. 

Ruthven  Peerage— Maria,  Countess  Marshall— The  Otelle— Oliphant 
Barony— Jacobite  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage— Sir  Thomas 
Rumbold— Wigton  Peerage— Sutherland  Peerage— Gamage  Family- 
Epitaphs  Abroad— The  Wellesley  I'amily- The  Codfish  Aristocracy- 
Sepulchral  Devices— The  Agnews— The  Breadalbane  Peerage. 

Fine  Arts. 

National  Portrait  Exhibition— Newly- discovered  Portrait  of  Shak- 


Ecclesiastical  History. 

Huntingdon—Sermon  on  Witchcraft— The  Pallium— Beme  Light : 
Berying  Light— The  Cross-Harish  Registers  and  Probate  Courts  — 
The  Pragmatic  Sanction-Edward  the  Sixth's  Itinerant  Preachers— 
Processio°nal  Litany  of  Dunkeld-St.  Michael. 

Topograpby. 

Worcester  Notes  and  Queries— Grantham  Market  Cross— Cambo- 
dunum_St.  James's  Lutheran  Chapel— Old  Leather  Sellers'  Hall-- 
The  Mitre  Tavern  and  Dr.  Johnson— Dilamgerbcndi-Dover  s  Hill 
on  the  Cotswolds-Spanish  Main-Kilburn  Nunnery— St.  lancras 
Parish. 

IVIiscellaneous  "States  and  Queries. 

Shakspeare's  Silence  about  Smoking-Court  of  Pie  Poudre— Human 
Footprints  on  Rocks—Judges  returning  to  the  Bar- The  Loving  Cup 
and  Drinking  Healths-Medal  of  Chevalier  St.  George-Sepulchral 
Devices-Holland  House  Gun  Fire- Autographs  in  Books-Bag- 
pipes—Round  Towers-Hell  Fire  Club- Population  of  Ancient  Rome 
ot  Bameveldt. 


WILLIAM  GREIG  SMITH,  32,  Wellington  Street,  Strand. 
And  by  order  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen. 


S'-'i  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.]  ]1 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


29 


LOJf^OOJr,  SATURDAY,  JAiVUARF  12,  1SC7. 


CONTENTS.— X»  263. 


NOTES  :  —Itineraries  of  Edward  I.  and  Edward  II.,  29  — 
Catliolic  Periodicals,  lb.  —  Wick  Wrilps,  Pictor,  31  —  Cau- 
tion to  Book-Buyers  —  Punning  Mottoes— Shakespeariana 

—  Palling  Stars  —  Old  Proverb  :  Spider  —  "  Do  as  I  say, 
and  not  as  I  do  "  —  Carrion  —  Dial  Inscription,  32 . 

QUERIES :  —  "  The  Tower  of  Babel,"  &c.,  by  John  Jones,  33 
—Historical  Query,  &c.,  75.  —  Beetles —"  Blood  is  Thicker 
than  Water  "  —  Chaplains  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ire- 
land—  Clinton's  "  Chronology  "  —  B.  Comte  —  The  Cheva- 
lier D'Assas  —  King  Edward's  Mass  —  Flint  —  Keble 
Query  — Lineinge  or  Liveing  — MSS.  belonging  to  Queen 
Margaret  —  Pearls  of  Eloquence  —  John  Phreas,  or  Preas 

—  Painter  wanted  —  Poem  —  Q  in  the  Corner  —  "  Ride  a 
Cock-horse"  — Eouget  de  L'Isle:  Music  of  "Marseillais 
Hymn  "  —  Song  in  "  The  Two  Drovers  "  —  Shrine  of  St. 
Thomas,  Madras  —  Sir  Theodore  Talbot  —  Throckmorton 
Family  —  Tyler  and  Heard  Pamilies  —  Valentines  —  Van- 
dyke's Portrait  of  Lady  Sussex  — Wearing  Foreign  Orders 
of  Knighthood  in  England; — Passage  in  "Hamlet:" 
Wyeth  the  Commentator,  34. 

QUEEIE3  WITH  ANSWERS : —  A  Scottish  "  Index  Expurga- 
torius  "  —  James  Gillray,  Caricaturist  —  "  Racovian  Cate- 
chism "  —  Junius  :  the  Francis  Papers  —  Sasines :  Register 
of  Sasines  kept  at  Glasgow,  37. 

REPLIES :  —  Gibbon's  Library,  39  —  Psalm  and  Hymn 
Tunes,  40  —  Pre-Death  Monuments,  41  —  Glasgow,  42  — 
Washington,  43  —  Shelley's  "  Adonais  "  —  "  Les  Anglois 
s'amusaient  tristement "  —  Chain  Organ— Orange  Flowers, 
a  Bride's  Decoration— Horse-Chesnut —Betting  — Colo- 
nel J.  R.  Jackson  —  Bishop  Hare's  Pamphlet  —  Amateur 
Hop-'picking- Coypel's  Medals  —  Pews  —  Thomas  Mea- 
dows —  A  Pair  of  Stairs  —  Dab  —  Bad  Manners  —  William 
Preston,  M.R.I. A.  —  Bucket  Chain  — Boley,  &c.,  44. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


ITINEEAEIES  OF  EDWAED  I.  AND 
EDWAED  II. 

I  heg  leave,  tlirougii  tlie  medium  of  your 
to  call  attention  to  a  glaring  and  fundamental 
defect  wliich  pervades  the  "Itineraries  of  Ed- 
ward I.  and  Edward  II.,"  compiled  by  the  late 
Eev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne,  and  printed  in  the  Col- 
lectanea ArcJiceologica  of  the  British  Archfeological 
Association,  toI.  i.  p.  113,  and  vol.  ii.  p.  115.  A 
defect  of  the  kind  which  I  shall  describe  is  fatal 
in  the  highest  degree,  because  it  not  only  works 
mischief  within  its  own  limits,  but  it  also  inspires 
one  with  doubt  as  to  the  general  accuracy  of  a 
table  of  dates  in  which  the  simplest  laws  of 
chronology  are  broken.  A  royal  itinerary  is  a 
most  useful  and  interesting  compilation,  and  it  is 
quite  possible  to  construct  one  which  shall  be  per- 
fectly consistent  with  truth ;  but  in  this  Mr.  H. 
has  failed  egregiously. 

It  is  a  well-established  fact  that  the  regnal 
years  of  King  Edward  II.  began  on  July  8,  and 
ended  on  the  seventh  ; .  but  if  any  of  your  readers 
will  take  up  Mr.  Hartshorne's  tables,  they  will 
see  that  he  makes  the  regnal  years  commence  on 
July  1,  thereby  misplacing  throughout  the  whole 
table  the  first  seven  days  of  July  by  a  whole  year. 
This  error  is  inexcusable  in  these  days  of  im- 
proved record  knowledge  and  chronological  ac- 


curacy; and  I  feel  myself  perfectly  justified  in 
warning  your  readers  not  to  place  implicit  reliance 
on  Mr.  Hartshorne's  Itineraries,  The  error  speaks 
for  itself,  because  the  years  of  our  Lord  are  given 
as  well  as  the  regnal  years,  and  so  the  tables  prove 
themselves  to  be  self-contradictory,  without  ap- 
pealing to  external  evidence.  Take  the  first  year 
of  the  Itinerary  of  Edward  II. ;  the  computation 
is  correct  down  to  June  30,  1308,  in  the  first 
regnal  year ;  but  then  Mr.  Hartshorne  makes  the 
first  seven  days  of  July  following  to  be  in  the 
second  year,  which  is  absurd.  July  1,  1308,  is 
not  the  first  day  of  the  second  year  of  Edward  II. 
according  to  Hartshorne,  but  it  is  one  of  the 
closing  days  of  the  first  regnal  year.  This  is  the 
grave  and  unpardonable  error  which  pervades  the 
entire  Itinerary,  making  it,  as  I  maintain,  almost 
worthless  as  a  dependable  authority.  Why,  in 
the  name  of  common  sense,  should  Mr.  Hartshorne 
thus  divide  his  regnal  years,  when  he  takes  the 
trouble  to  impress  upon  the  reader,  by  means  of  a 
note  on  the  first  page,  the  fact  that  Edward  L 
died  on  July  7  ?  If  he  died,  as  we  know  he  did, 
on  July  7,  how  can  his  successor  commence  his 
reign  on  July  1  ?  Surely  the  British  Archae- 
ological Association  is  bound  to  ofier  some  apology 
to  its  members  for  having  been  the  means  of  pro- 
mulgating a  contradictory  chronology. 

The  Itinerary  for  Edward  I.  is  open  to  the  same 
objection.  That  king  commenced  his  reign  on 
November  20,  but  with  a  curious  perverseness 
Mr.  Hartshorne  makes  him  commence  on  No- 
vember 1,  thereby  misplacing  the  greater  part  of 
that  month. 

These  tables  are  disfigured  by  another  defect, 
which  might  easily  have  been  avoided ;  I  mean 
with  regard  to  the  names  of  places  which  are 
sometimes  modernized  and  sometimes  not.  No 
rule  is  followed.  Why  should  we  have  West- 
minster, Berwick,  or  York  in  proper  orthography, 
and  then  such  a  string  of  variations  as  these  :  — 
Pontisseram,  Pountese,  Pounteyse,  Puntose,  Pun- 
teise,  Pountoys,  Pontisaram,  Puntese,  Pountissar ; 
or  why  cannot  Bokton  subtus  Le  Bleen  be  trans- 
lated into  its  proper  and  well-known  English 
name,  Boughton-under-Blean  ? 

In  these  remarks  I  cannot  help  being  hard 
upon  Mr.  Hartshorne,  because  he  has  gone  out  of 
his  way  to  be  incorrect.  Any  chronological  work 
which  is  based  upon  a  fallacy  had  much  better 
never  have  been  written.  W.  H.  Hae,t. 

Folkestone  House,  Eoupell  Park,  Streatliam,  S. 


CATHOLIC  PEEIODICALS.* 
In  the  same  year,  1836,  was  begun  a  Catholic 
weekly  paper,  entitled  TJie  Mediator  and  British 
Catholic  Advocate.     But  its  politics  were  too  un- 
decided, and  its  management  too  feeble  to  secure 

*  Continued  from  p.  4. 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>^d  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67. 


any  great  patronage  ;  so  that  it  soon  died  a  natural 
death. 

In  1836  also,  in  the  month  of  May,  appeared 
the  first  number  of  The  Dtihlin  Revieiv.  This 
periodical  was  projected  hy  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wise- 
man (afterwards  Cardinal),  Mr.  O'Connell,  and 
Mr.  Quin,  the  last  editing  the  first  two  num- 
bers. No.  3  was  edited  by  the  Rev.  M.  A.  Tier- 
ney,  and  Nos.  4,  5,  and  6  by  Mr.  James  Smith  of 
The  Edinhurgh  Catholic  Magazine.  After  this 
Mr.  Bagshawe  became  the  editor,  and  so  continued 
till  the  commencement  of  a  new  series  in  1863, 
under  the  editorship  of  Dr.  "Ward. 

In  1837  a  British  and  Irish  Catholic  Magazitie 
was  begim  at  Glasgow  by  Mr.  Kennedy,  but  only 
a  few  numbers  were  published. 

The  Catholic  Penng  Magazine  was  edited  by 
Matthew  P.  Haynes,  but  was  discontinued  after 
some  months,  on  the  editor's  removing  to  Ireland 
to  edit  an  Irish  newspaper. 

The  Phoenix,  a  weekly  newspaper,  was  edited 
by  Dr.  D.  Cox,  and  published  at  Edinburgh ;  but 
was  discontinued  after  about  nine  months. 

The  Courier  was  another  weekly  paper,  published 
at  Edinburgh.     The  editor  was  David  Doud. 

The  Tablet  newspaper  was  begun  May  16,  1840, 
by  Frederick  Lucas,  a  convert  from  Quakerism. 
In  1843  it  was  enlarged  to  the  usual  folio  size.  It 
was  published  in  London  till  .January,  1850,  and 
then  in  Dublin.  At  one  period  the  printers, 
Messrs.  Cox,  in  consequence  of  some  misunder- 
standing with  Mr.  Lucas,  brought  out  The  Tablet 
on  their  own  account,  edited  by  Mr.  Quin  ;  while 
Mr.  Lucas  continued  his  paper  as  The  True 
Tablet. 

Reed's  Catholic  Recorder  began  in  1841,  but 
ceased  in  the  year  following. 

Another  weekly  paper  began  July  30,  1842, 
called  The  Catholic :  an  Ecclesiastical  and  Literary 
Journal  for  the  Catholics  of  the  British  Empire. 
It  was  edited  by  Mr.  D.  D.  Keane.  It  came  to 
an  end,  after  seventeen  numbers,  on  ISTovember  19. 
There  was  notice  given  of  an  intention  to  appear 
on  December  30  as  a  monthly  journal,  but  this 
was  not  carried  into  effect. 

A  very  interesting,  respectable,  and  ably-con- 
ducted periodical  appeared  Jime  15,  1844,  The 
Catholic  Weekly  Instructor.  It  was  conducted  by 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Sing,  with  the  patronage  and 
aid  of  Dr.  Wiseman  and  other  able  contributors. 
It  soon  reached  a  circulation  of  20,000  copies. 
It  was  published  by  Messrs.  Richardson  and  Son 
at  Derby.  In  August,  1846,  it  became  a  monthly 
publication,  but  was  discontinued  in  December, 
1847.  The  whole  series  makes  four  volumes  of 
small  quarto  size. 

An  attempt  was  made  to  bring  out  a  small  local 
penny  magazine  with  the  following  title :  The 
Good  Shepherd,  for  the  Catholic  Eastern  District. 
The  projector  was  Mr.  W.  E.  Stutter ;  but  the 


attempt  proved  abortive,  for  not  more  than  one 
number  was  published,  which  was  on  May  3,  • 
1845. 

The  Beacon,  a  Weekly  Journal  of  Catholicity, 
Politics,  and  Literature,^ ^xst  appeared  April  18, 
1846  ;  but  after  two  or  three  numbers  the  Beacon 
was  extinguished.     It  was  edited  by  Mr.  Doud. 

Of  another  paper,  called  The  Catholic  Weekly 
Miscellany,  only  about  twenty  numbers  were  pub- 
lished. 

Duffy's  Irish  Catholic  Magazine  was  published 
monthly.  It  began  in  January,  1847,  and  ceased 
in  December,  1848. 

A  very  respectable,  learned,  and  ably-conducted 
periodical.  The  Weekly  and  Monthly  Orthodox,  ap- 
peared January  6,  1849,  under  the  editorship  of 
the  Rev.  Richard  Boyle.  The  second  volume 
commenced  July  7  in  the  same  year,  but  the  pub- 
lication was  discontinued  July  28,  1850. 

The  above  periodical,  as  also  Dolman''s  Maga- 
zine, were  amalgamated  with  The  Weekly  Register, 
which  began  August  4,  1849,  and  ended  January 
26,  1850. 

The  Catholic  Standard  was  commenced  October 
14,  1849,  and  published  as  a  weekly  newspaper. 
A  few  years  afterwards  its  name  was  changed  to 
The  Weekly  Register  and  Catholic  Standard,  and 
so  it  continues. 

The  Catholic  Register  and  Magazine  appeared 
monthly,  commencing  in  March,  1650,  as  a  con- 
tinuation of  The  Weekly  Register,  of  which  men- 
tion was  made  above. 

The  Lamp :  a  Catholic  Journal  of  Literature, 
Science,  the  Eine  Arts,  ^-c,  devoted  to  the  Religious, 
Moral,  Physical,  and  JDoiuestic  Improvement  of  the 
Industrious  Classes.  This  well  known  and  most 
useful  publication  was  begun  March  10,  1850,  by 
the  late  Mr.  T.  E.  Bradley,  was  afterwards  edited 
by  Mr.  James  Burke,  and  then  passed  under  its 
present  management, 

Mr.  Bradley  also  began  a  Catholic  journal  in 
Scotland  called  The  Northern  Times.  It  was  pub- 
lished at  Glasgow,  but  was  unsuccessful  and  soon 
abandoned. 

The  Literary  Cabinet  appeared  in  London  in 
1858.  It  was  first  of  12mo  size.  Vol.  ii.  came 
out  in  an  enlarged  form  in  1859.  A  new  series 
commenced  as  vol.  iii.,  but  of  this  only  a  single 
number  appeared.  The  discontinuance  of  The 
Literary  Cabinet  was  much  regretted,  as  it  was  a 
lively  and  well- written  periodical,  and  contained 
an  unusual  quantity  of  good  original  poetry. 

The  Rambler  appeared  on  January  1,  1848,  as  a 
"  Weekly  Magazine  of  Home  and  Foreign  Litera- 
ture, Politick,  Science,  and  Art."  It  was  pub- 
lished weekly  till  September,  ajid  from  that  time 
monthly  till  February  1, 1859.  From  May  1, 1859, 
it  was  published  every  two  months.  Finally  it 
became  The  Home  and  Foreign  Review,  and  was 
published  quarterly  from  July  1,  1862.     It  soon 


S'^i  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


incurred  the  marked  disapproval  ^of  ecclesiastical 
authority  ;  and  the  faithful  being  warned  against 
it,  the  publication  was  soon  after  discontinued. 

The  Liverpool  Catholic  Institute  Magazine  was 
commenced  in  1856  or  1857.  It  was  published  at 
first  in  Liverpool,  but  subsequently  by  Burns  and 
Lambert  in  London.  It  was  discontinued  in 
1858. 

The  Harp,  or  Irish  Catholic  Magazine^  was  pub- 
lished at  Cork  by  J.  McCann.  The  first  number 
appeared  in  March,  1859,  but  it  was  discontinued 
in  the  following  October.  It  was  revived,  how- 
ever, as  The  Irish  Harp  in  March,  1863,  but  ended 
in  February,  1864. 

The  Atlantis  was  published  in  Dublin  from  1859 
to  186] ,  making  four  volumes.  The  articles  were 
generally  deep,  philosophical,  and  scientific  dis- 
sertations, written  by  members  of  the  Catholic 
University. 

In  December,  1860,  was  established  in  London 
The  Universal  Nexvs  by  a  company  of  shareholders 
nearly  all  Catholics,  aud  the  greater  number  Irish- 
men. Its  first  editor  was  the  late  Mr.  A.  W. 
Harnett,  who  was  succeeded  by  Mr,  John  Francis 
O'Donnell,  who  continued  to  edit  the  paper  till 
recently.  The  present  editor  is  also  an  Irish 
Catholic. 

Of  the  -Catholic  newspaper  The  Universe,  which 
began  about  this  time,  I  can  give  no  particulars. 
Application  was  made  to  the  editor  for  informa- 
tion, first  through  a  friend,  and  afterwax'ds  directly, 
but  no  notice  was  taken  of  either  application. 

Duffy^s  Hibernian  Magazine  was  published 
monthly  in  Dublin.  The  first  series  began  July, 
1860,  and  ended  December,  1861.  This  periodi- 
cal recommenced  in  January,  1862,  as  a  second 
series,  but  lasted  only  till  June,  1864. 

The  Month,  a  magazine  of  superior  character, 
first  began  in  July,  1864.  It  has  held  on  its  way 
most  respectably,  and  now  flourishes  more  than 
ever  under  a  new  management. 

A  new  Catholic  weekly  paper  commenced  De- 
cember 29,  1866,  entitled  The  Westminster  Ga- 
zette, professing  to  ''  ofier  to  all  Catholics  of  the 
United  Kingdom  a  common  ground  of  union  for 
the  maintenance  of  Catholic  principles  on  all  the 
questions  of  the  day  proper  to  be  discussed  in  a 
newspaper." 

With  this  I  close  the  list  of  Catholic  periodi- 
cals, which,  as  far  as  I  know,  have  never  before 
been  presented  in  a  collected  form;  but  which 
well  deserve  preservation,  and  cannot  more  effec- 
tually secure  it  than  in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q." 
F.  C.  H. 

WICK  WRILPS,  PICTOR. 
A  satisfactory  solution  has  at  last  been  dis- 
covered of  this  puzzling  name,  which  appeared  in 
an  inscription  on  the  back  of  a  portrait  of  *'  Thomas 
Hobbes,"  belonging  to  Sir  Walter  Trevelyan,  Bart. 


It  was  communicated  to  "  N.  &  Q."  as  far  back 
as  September  3,  1853  ;  and  has  not,  I  believe,  till 
now,  elicited  any  real  or  attempted  explanation. 
The  writing,  in  coarse  black  letters  on  the  back  of 
the  canvas,  stood  as  follows :  — 

"  Thomas  Hobbs. 

Philosoplius  Malmasburiensis  {sic) 
Anno  jEtatis  81." 
"  Jo'  Wick  Wrilps  Londiensis  {sic) 

Pictor  Caroli  2*  {sic)  Regis  pinixit  {sic')" 

There  could  be  little  doubt  that  the  inscription 
was  an  ignorant  copy  of  something  better ;  but 
the  painter's  name  was  a  great  puzzle.  The  pic- 
ture was  lent  to  the  South  Kensington  Portrait 
Exhibition  (No.  975  of  the  Catalogue) ;  and,  on 
the  close  of  the  Exhibition  in  August  last.  Sir 
Walter  Trevelyan  generously  presented  it  to  this 
permanent  institution,  the  National  Portrait  Gal- 
lery. 

^hen  the  picture  came  to  be  placed  under  my 
care,  I  had  the  back  thoroughly  examined,  and 
found  that  the  canvas,  with  the  inscription  on  it, 
was  a  false  lining  that  had  been  added  many 
years  ago,  to  strengthen  the  very  much  worn  and 
already  crumbling  canvas  of  the  picture  itself. 
On  separating  these  two  canvases,  and  for  a  time 
once  more  exposing  the  real  back,  the  genuine 
inscription  came  to  light,  written  in  much  smaller 
and  precisely  formed  letters,  without  any  of  those 
deformities  of  spelling  which  characterised  the 
copy.     It  ran  thus :  — 

"  Thomas  Hobbs  Philosophus  Malmesburiensis 
Anno  Aetatis  81. 
Jo'  Mich :  Writus  Londinen''' 
Pictor  Caroli  'i"*'  Regis  Pinxit." 

The  painter  was  therefore  the  well-lmown  artist 
Joseph  Michael  Wright,  mentioned  in  Evelyn's 
Diary,  and  painter  of  the  Twelve  Judges  in  1666, 
still  in  the  Law  Courts  at  Guildhall ;  and  painter, 
in  1675,  of  a  capital  picture  of  Lacy,  the  comedian, 
in  three  diff'erent  theatrical  characters,  at  Hamp- 
ton Court  Palace,  and  recently  cleaned  by  Mr.  H. 
Merritt.  He  not  unfrequently  signed  his  name 
also  "  M.  Eitus."  This  portrait  of  Hobbes  was, 
as  sho'svn  by  his  age,  painted  in  1669 — the  same 
year  that  Cosmo,  son  of  Ferdinand  the  Grand 
Duke  of  Tuscany,  paid  a  visit  to  England.  Cosmo 
is  said  to  have  possessed  a  portrait  of  the  old 
philosopher  at  Florence  ;  and  Hobbes's  name  ap- 
pears in  Count  Magalotti's  Diary  of  the  prince's 
residence  in  London,  imder  the  date  May  29,  1669, 
on  the  occasion  of  a  visit  to  the  sage's  distin- 
guished pupil,  the  Earl  of  Devonshire.  It  would 
still,  as  Sir  Walter  suggests,  be  interesting  to 
ascertain  whether  a  portrait  of  Hobbes  is  now  in 
the  galleries  at  Florence  ;  and  if  so,  by  whom  it 
was  painted.  George  Schake. 

National  Portrait  Gallerv,  Westminster. 


32 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-d  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67. 


CAiJTioi(r  TO  BooK-BtrrEKS. — Please  give  up  to 
me  a  small  space  in  the  next  number  of  "  N.  &  _Q." 
that  I  may  put  yoiu:  readers  on  their  gaard  against 
a  swindler. 

On  the  10th  of  November  I  advertised  in  that 
part  of  "X.  &  Q."  devoted  to  "Books  and  Odd 
Volumes  wanted  to  Purchase,"  for  The  Archao- 
hgia,  vol.  xxxvi.  part  ii.  About  ten  days  after 
this  advertisement  appeared,  I  received  a  letter, 
seemingly  from  a  trustworthy  person,  who  gave 
what  appeared  to  be  a  private  address  in  town. 
By  this  letter  I  was  offered  a  copy  of  the  book  I 
required,  "quite  clean,  only  part  cut,"  for  4s.  6fZ. 
and  sixpence  for  the  postage.  I  at  once  sent  the 
money  in  postage  stamps,  but  the  book  did  not 
come  to  hand.  In  about  a  week  after  I  had  posted 
my  first  letter,  with  the  money  in  it,  I  wrote 
again;  and  shortly  afterwards  received  a  com- 
munication from  a  post-master,  who  informed  me 
that  the  address  given  by  the  person  to  whoin  I 
had  sent  the  five  shillings  was  not  that  person's 
true  address,  but  a  post-ofiice. 

I  have  of  com'se  heard  no  more  of  my  stamps, 
nor  of  the  scamp  who  has  got  them.  He  has 
wisely  never  shown  himself  at  the  post-ofiice 
since.  As  however  I  have  very  strong  reasons  for 
believing  that  I  am  not  the  only  man  who  has 
been  deluded  by  this  impostor,  and  as  it  is  highly 
probable  that  he  still  pursues  his  evil  courses,  I 
think  it  right  to  put  your  readers  on  their  guard. 

I  have  not  printed  the  name  of  the  culprit,  as  it 
is  I  believe  borne  by  persons  who  are  honourable 
members  of  society,  to  whom  the  evil  doings  of 
their  real  or  assumed  namesake  might  give  pain. 
Edward  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg,  Jan.  5, 1867. 

PuNxrs'G  Mottoes.  —  Many  of  these  are  well 
known,  such  as  that  of  the  Vernon  family,  "  Ver 
non  semper  viret";  the  Fortescues,  "Forte  scu- 
tum salus  ducum";  the  Deedes,  ''Facta  non 
verba";  the  Hopes,  "At  spes  non  fracta."  We 
also  remember  Dean  Swift's  tobacconist,  with 
"Quid  rides?"  emblazoned  on  his  coach  panels. 

The  following  is,  I  think,  an  instance  almost 
unique.  In  the  year  1865,  the  Pilotage  Commis- 
sioners of  the  River  Tvne  were  formed  into  a 
corporate  body  vdth  a  common  seal.  The  seal  re- 
presents the  mouth  of  the  river,  with  a  lighthouse ; 
a  ship  in  full  sail,  with  a  pilot-boat  in  the  fore- 
ground. The  motto,  which  was  furnished  by  a 
witty  gentleman  of  the  neighbourhood,  is — "  In 
portu  salus."  The  peculiarity  of  this  is,  that 
pronounced  either  as  Latin  or  English  it  is  equally 
appropriate :  — 

"  In  portu  salus." 
"  In  port  you  sail  us," 

In  truth,  the  English  suits  the  seal  best.  I 
shall  be  glad  to  learn  if  any  similar  instance  of 
this  macaronic  character  exists.  J.  A.  P. 

Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 


Shakespeaeiaita. — Changed  "...  our  wedding 
cheer  to  a  sad  funeral  feast."    {Borneo  and  Juliet, 
Act  I\'.  Sc.  5).     In  Gillies's  Collection  of  Gaelic 
Poems,  p.  204,  occurs  the  following :  — 
"  An  leann  a  rhog  iad  gv  dTjhanais 
Gv  d'fhalair  abha  e." 
"  The  ale  they  had  brewed  for  thy  wedding, 
To  thy  burial  it  was." 

J.L. 

Dublin. 

Fallen-g  Stars. — During  the  night  of  Friday 
and  Saturday,  August  9  and  10,  1839,  the  heavens 
were  brightened  with  innumerable  falling  stars  of 
the  first  magnitude.  Mr.  Forster  counted  above 
six  hundred.  It  is  not  a  little  singular  that  the 
people  of  Franconia  and  Saxony  have  believed  for 
ages  that  St.  Lawrence  weeps  tears  of  fire  whicK 
fall  from  the  sky  on  his  fete  day,  August  10. 

Seth  Wait, 
Old  Proverb  :  Spider.  —  I  never  understood 
the   meaning   of  the   proverb   so   often  used  in 
Kent :  — 

"  He  who  would  wish  to  thrive 
Must  let  spiders  run  alive," 

imtil  I  read  in  to-day's  Reader  the  following 
legend  from  the  review  of  Henderson's  Notes  on 
the  Folk  Lore  of  the  Northern  Counties  of  England 
and  the  Borders  :  — 

"  In  the  little  town  of  Malton,  in  Yorkshire,  about  nine 
years  ago,  my  friend,  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Dykes,  now  vicar  of 
St.  Oswald's",  Durham,  whUe  visiting  an  old  woman 
during  her  last  illness,  observed  a  spider  near  her  bed,, 
and  attempted  to  destroy  it.  She  at  once  interfered,  and 
told  him  with  much  earnestness  that  spiders  ought  not 
to  be  kiUed;  for  we  should  remember  how,  when  our 
Blessed  Lord  lay  in  the  manger  at  Bethlehem,  the  spider 
came  and  spun'  a  beautiful  web,  which  protected  the  in- 
nocent Babe  from  all  the  dangers  which  surrounded 
Him.     The  old  woman  was  about  90  years  of  age." 

Alfred  Johk  Dtj^-kin^. 
Dartford. 

"Do  AS  I  SAT,  XSD  IfOT  AS  I  DO." — Is  it  not 
worthy  to  be  noted  in  the  pages  of  "  X.  &  Q." 
that  this  every-day  expression  is  five  hundred 
vears  old  ?  It  occurs  in  the  Decamerone  of  Boccace 
(I  quote  from  the  French  of  M.  Sabatier  de  Cas- 
tres),  Troisieme  Jom-nee,  nouvelle  vii. :  "  Us 
croient  avoir  bien  repondu  et  etre  absous  de  tout 
crime  quand  ils  ont  dit,  Faites  ce  que  nous  disons 
et  ne  faites  pas  ce  que  nous  faisons.''' 

H.  FlSHWICK. 

Carriom^. — The  other  day,  I  heard  this  noun 
usedverj-  forcibly  as  an  adjective  by  a  Hunting- 
donshire woman,  who,  in  describing  the  expres- 
sions dealt  out  to  her  by  an  angry  neighbour,  said, 
"And  then  she  called  me  all  sorts  o'  carrion 
names."  She  was  unwittingly  imitating  Shak- 
speare,  who  has  also  used  carrion  as  an  adjective 
in  certain  strong  passages  in  The  Merchant  of 
Venice — "carrion   death,"  "  camon  flesh."      In 


3^1  S.  XI.  Jax.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


33 


Julius  Ccesar  lie  speaks  of  "  carrion  men  " ;  in 
Borneo  and  Juliet^  of  "  carrion  flies " ;  in  The 
Second  Tart  of  Henry  I'L,  of  "  carrion  kites  "  ; 
and  in  King  John,  of  "  a  carrion  monster " ; 
though  nowhere  of  "  carrion  names." 

CUTHBEET  BeDE. 

Dial  Inscription. — I  copied  the  following  from 

the  dial  on  the  south  porch  at  Seaham  church,  co. 

pal.  Durham,  in  1863  :  — 

"  The  Natural  Clock-work  by  the  mighty  one  "J 
Wound  up  at  first,  and  ever  since  have  gone,  j" 
No  Pin  drops  out,  its  Wheels  and  Springs  hold  good,  \ 
It  speaks  its  Maker's  praise  tho'  once  it  stood  ;  J 

But  that  was  by  the  order  of  the  woi-kman's  power ; 
And  when  it  stands  again  it  goes  no  more. 

•' John  Robinson,  Kector.       \  ,r,^„ 

A.  Douglass  Clerk,  Fecit.    |  a.b.  i ,  /  d. 
"Thomas  Smith,  )  p,,    _  ,     „,  i  „„ 

Samuel  Stevenson,     j  Churchwardens. 
"  Seaham,  in  Latitude  54''.  51™." 

J.  T.  r. 

The  College,  Hurstpierpoint. 


"  THE  TOWER  OF  BABEL,"  ETC.,  BY 
JOHN  JONES. 
I  have  recently  met  with  a  curious  8vo  pam- 
phlet, intituled  — 

"  The  Tower  of  Babel ;  or.  Essays  on  the  Confusion  of 
Tongues.  By  John  Jones,  Member  of  eminent  Societies 
at  Home  and'  Abroad." 

It  consists  of  six  Essays,  which  occupy  ninety- 
two  pages,  with  a  Dedication  prefixed  of  three 
pages,  followed  by  an  Introductory  Addi-ess  of 
six  pages.  The  object  of  it  appears  to  be  to  prove 
*'  that  the  Celtic  or  British  dialect  was  the  mother 
of  all  the  principal  languages."  And  the  author, 
in  his  treatment  of  the  subject,  professes  "to 
continue  Mr.  Le  Brigant's  favourite  pursuit  of 
analogy,  founded  on  former  emigrations."  He 
''  adds  fresh  evidence  concerning  the  first  dis- 
covery of  America  by  a  Prince  of  Wales  in  the 
twelfth  century," 

The  pamphlet  is  not  mentioned  by  either  "Watt, 
Lowndes,  or  Darling,  AUibone  gives  the  title  of 
it,  states  the  line  of  argument  pursued  in  it,  and 
adds  a  short  quotation  from  one  of  its  pages,  but 
appends  no  account  of  the  author.  It  bears  no 
date ;  but  as  it  is  dedicated  "  to  the  Right  Hon- 
ourable John  Trevor,  late  his  Majesty's  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  the  Court  of  Turin,"  it  must 
have  been  published  subsequent  to  December, 
1798 — which  was  the  date  of  Trevor's  retire- 
ment from  his  envoyship  at  the  above-named 
Court.  The  author's  name  is  not  included  in  any 
biographical  work  which  I  have  consulted ;  but, 
from  the  Introductory  Address,  and  some  of  the 
foot-notes  to  the  Essays,  I  find  that  he  resided  at 
Pontrieux  in  Brittany  whilst  qualifying  himself 


for  an  honourable  profession,  which  he  subse- 
quently followed  abroad  ;  that  he  was  a  personal 
friend  of  Le  Brigaut,  who  left  him  his  papers 
fifteen  years  before  he  wrote  this  pamphlet ;  that 
the  last  conversation  he  had  with  him  was  in 
Paris,  in  1786 ;  and  that,  upon  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Revolution,  he  was  forced  to  return  home. 

I  infer  from  the  Dedication  that  the  author  was 
at  Turin,  but  in  what  capacity  I  am  unable  to  say, 
during  Trevor's  residence  in  that  city;  that  he 
was  on  familiar  terms  with  him,  and  enjoyed  his 
society  there  ;  also,  that  he  was  advanced  in  years 
when  he  wrote  this  pamphlet,  the  date  of  which  I 
fi,x  about  1801.  I  will  add,  that  a  vein  of  Celtic 
patriotism  pervades  the  whole  of  the  sentiments 
which  he  promulgates. 

If  any  of  his  contemporaries  who  were  his 
associates,  or  any  of  his  relatives  or  connections, 
be  still  living,  I  trust  that  the  several  points 
which  I  have  specified  will  enable  them  to  iden- 
tify him,  and  serve  as  an  inducement  for  some  of 
them  to  furnish  your  pages  with  a  sketch  of  his 
life,  and  a  list  of  any  works  he  may  have  left 
behind  him  in  MS.  Llallawg, 


HISTORICAL  QUERY : 

"  THE  RISE  AND  FALL  OF  THE  DE  LA  POLES." 

After  nearly  a  year's  hiatus — from  the  worst  of 
all  causes,  bad  health — I  am,  thank  goodness,  en- 
abled once  more  to  enjoy  my  favourite  hebdoma- 
dal publication  "  N.  &  Q. ;  "  and  I  trust  that  the 
following  will  be  deemed  of  sufiicient  interest  to 
meet  with  the  courtesy  that  I  have  always  ex- 
perienced at  the  hands  of  the  respected  Editor. 
My  reason  for  the  present  note  is,  that  if  I  ad- 
dressed it  to  the  Gentleman'' s  Magazine  it  would  not, 
even  if  inserted,  appear  before  February  next,  when 
the  interest  would  to  a  certain  extent  have  become 
somewhat  relaxed.  In  the  September  number  of 
the  Gentleman's  Magazine  is  an  elaborate,  and 
evidently  a  laboured  article  headed  as  above,  and 
signed  "  Bourchier  W.  Savile,"  in  which  the 
writer  works  hard  to  show  that  De  la  Pole,  Duke 
of  Suffolk  {temp.  Henry  VI.,  and  some  time  Prime 
Minister  to  that  monarch),  was  one  of  the  greatest 
men  of  the  age — a  hero  in  war,  diplomacy,  and 
everything  that  could  adorn  human  nature.  The 
deep  eulogy  of  the  article  is  not  now  appa- 
rent, but  that  it  is  somewhat  extravagant  is  plain 
to  any  reader.  It  had  attracted  the  attention  of 
my  learned  friend  J.  H.  Gibson,  of  this  town,  who, 
amongst  his  unique  collection  of  rare  and  curious 
works,  has  a  pamphlet,  the  title-page  of  which  I 
give  in  full  as  follows  :  — 

"  Acts  of  Parliament 

No  infallible  Securitj^  to 

Bad  Peace-Makers 

Exemplify'ed  in  the 
Life,  Negotiations,  Tryal, 


34 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67 


Attainder  and  Tragical  Death 
of 
William  De  La  Pole, 
Duke  of  Suffolk, 
Prime  Minister  in  the  Reign  of 
Henry  VI.  King  of  England, 
occasioned 
By  a  late  debate  in  Parliament  on 
the  State  of  the  Nation. 
London— Printed  for  J.  Baker 
at  the  Black  Bov  in  Pater  Foster  Row, 
'  1714. 
[Price  6c?.]." 
The  account  given  in  tliis  pamphlet  of  the  duke 
is  very  diflerent  indeed  from  that  given  by  the 
learned  writer  in  the  Gentleman' s  Magazine,  who 
seems  to  have  drawn  considerably  on  the  pam- 
phlet, but  adroitly  enough  turns   all  the  vices 
there  attributed  to  the  duke  into  prominent  vir- 
tues, and  omits  what  appears  at  p.   25   of  the 
pamphlet,   where   the   duke   is  designated  as   a 
"  common  nuisance  and  public  pest  of  the  king- 
dom ; "  and  if  the  contents  of  the  pamphlet  are 
true,  the  names  are   not  too   hard;  but  if  Mr. 
Savile's  account  in  the  Gentleman'' s  Magazine  be 
true,  the  unfortunate  duke  is  grossly  libelled  in 
the  pamphlet.     Mr.  Savile  cannot   be   correctly 
charged  with  plagiarism;  but  what  I  want  to 
have  set  right  is  a  matter  of  history — whether  the 
pamphlet  or  Mr.  Savile  is  to  be  believed.     One 
of  the  writers  must  be  wrong,  and  for  many  rea- 
sons I  would  prefer  to  find  Mr.  Savile  right ;  but, 
as  I  wish  to  read  history  correctly,  I  should  like 
to  have  proof  that  the  pamphlet  is  not  the  truth, 
which  it  appears  at  present  to  be. 

S.  EEDMOIfl), 
Liverpool. 

Beetles. — "  As  deaf  as  a  beetle."  Why  at- 
tribute deafness  to  these  insects  ?  If  speedy  flight 
on  the  approach  of  a  footstep  be  any  sign  of  hearing, 
they  possess  that  sense  acutely. 

William  Blades, 

"Blood  is  Thicker  than  Water." — Can  any 
of  your  readers  inform  me  what  is  the  meaning  of 
this  strange  proverb,  which  not  one  of  all  the 
persons  I  have  asked — to  whom  the  phrase  itself 
is  familiar — has  been  able  to  do  ?  It  is  obviously 
used  to  signify  that  affinity  of  blood  or  commu- 
nity of  origin  is  more  powerful  in  deciding  a 
course  of  action  than  other  motives  which  might 
seem  at  first  more  obvious;  but  that  does  not 
remove  the  absio-ditg  of  using  a  phrase  of  which 
no  rational  accoimt  can  be  given,  especially  when 
it  is  brought  in  as  an  argument,  as  it  was  in  a 
leading  article  of  The  Times.  The  thing  to  be 
explained  is  the  force  and  consequent  appropriate- 
ness of  the  words  "thicker  "  and  "water."  What 
does  the  latter  represent  ?  Philoprepes. 

Chaplains  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  oe  Ire- 
land.— Will  you  kindly  inform  me  whether  there 


is  any  limit  to  the  number  of  chaplains  to  the 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  ?  What  are  the  pri- 
vileges of  the  ofiice  ?  and  what  is  the.qualifica- 
tion  ?  In  what  year  was  the  post  of  Dean  of  the 
Chapel  Royal  established  ?  Abhba. 

Clinton's  "Chronology." — In  a  publication 
in  1862,  the  author  says — 

"  It  was  stated  in  the  London  Times  some  eighteen 
months  since,  that  the  distinguished  chronologisf  Fynes 
Clinton  had  proved  to  demonstration  the  era  of  1859  to 
be  133  years  behind  the  real  chronology  of  the  world." 

Wanted,  a  precise  reference  to  The  Times  or 
the  passage  in  Clinton.  D.  M, 

B.  CoMTE. — I  have  in  my  possession  at  present 
two  fine  engravings  of  the  Church  of  the  Monas- 
tery of  Batalha  and  the  Aqueduct  near  Lisbon. 
They  are  taken  from  paintings  by  L'Eveque,  and 
are  the  work  of  B.  Comte,  of  whom  I  should  be 
glad  to  know  more,  as  I  do  not  find  his  name  in 
Bryan's  Dictionary.  E.  H,  A. 

The  Chevalier  D'Assas. — In  1762,  when  the 
Prince  of  Brunswick  attempted  to  surprise  the 
French  army  at  Kampen,  the  Grenadiers  who 
formed  the  advanced  guard  seized  the  Chevalier 
d'Assas,  a  captain  in  the  regiment  of  Auvergne, 
and  threatened  him  with  instant  death  if  he  spoke. 
D'Assas,  judging  at  once  the  danger  of  the  army, 
shouted  out,  "  A  moi  Auvergne,  voici  les  en- 
nemis  !  "  and  fell  pierced  with  bayonet  wounds ; 
but  thus  gave  warning  to  his  friends,  who  flew  to 
arms,  and,  after  a  terrific  conflict,  repulsed  the 
attack.  For  this  act  the  French  Government 
granted  the  family  of  Assas  a  pension.  Some 
thirty  years  later,  when  all  pensions  and  distinc- 
tions were  swept  away  by  the  Revolution,  this 
one  was  retained  as  a  reward  for  a  service  done  to 
France.  Does  it  still  continue  to  be  paid  to  this 
family  ?  Sebastian. 

King  Edward's  Mass. — The  following  letter 
appeared  in  the  Chelmsford  Chronicle,  July  27, 
1866,  and  relates  to  so  curious  a  subject  that  I 
venture  to  ask  if  any  one  can  answer  the  question 
contained  in  it  ? 

"  Sir, — Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me  in 
what  part  of  the  Harleian  MSB.  Brit.  Mus.  the  following 
qnaint  couplet  is  to  be  found,  and  the  authority-  that  Car- 
dinal Pole  made  use  of  these  words  to  Queen  Mary  on 
hearing  that  she  had  abolished  the  English  Communion 
Service  (or  masse,  as  our  early  Prayer-books  term  it)  of 
her  deceased  brother,  Edward  Vl.,  and  restored  the  Ro- 
man ofBce  ?  I  do  not  find  the  words  quoted  in  any 
modern  history  of  England.  The  fact  that  when  the 
Prince  of  Wales  comes  to  the  throne  he  will  reign  under 
the  title  of  Edward  VII.,  and  the  preference  shown  in 
some  quarters  to  the  first  Prayer-boolc  of  King  Edward 
VI.,  which  I  have  been  recently  perusing,  and  am  told  is 
likely  to  be  restored;  the  rapid  progress  of  what  is 
called  the  '  Ritual  Movement,'  and  the  great  popularity 
of  '  High  Church '  services  among  all  classes  of  the  com- 


3'<i  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


6. 


35 


miinity,  all  seem  to  bear  testimony  in  a  remarkable  way 
to  thetrutli  of  the  prophecy.* 

"  An  Anxious  Inquirek. 
"  P.S.  The  couplet  is  as  follows :  — 
"  '  Sbcth  Edward's  masse  three  hundred  j'eares  and  moe 
shal  quiet  bee, 
But  Sevent  Edward's  raigne   anon  restored  shall  it 
se.' " 

John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Flint. — What  is  the  proper  derivation  of  Flint? 
With  the  exception  of  Montgomery,  so  called  from 
the  Norman  follower  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
who  subj  ugated  the  district,  it  is  the  only  Welsh 
county  that  does  not  bear  a  British  name.  Pen- 
nant cannot  assign  any  derivation  to  the  word. 
The  county  is  totally  destitute  of  the  fossil  so 
called,  and  he  remarks  further  it  is  purely  Saxon ; 
and  notwithstanding  it  is  not  mentioned  in  Domes- 
day Book,  was  so  styled  before  the  Conquest. 
Lambarde  in  his  Dictionary  quotes  Polidore  Ver- 
gil, who  calls  it  Fleium,  because  Richard  II.  wept 
bitterly  there  at  tlie  contemplation  of  his  im- 
pending troubles.  I  have  heard  it  derived  from 
Fluentum,  corrupted  into  Flint,  from  its  local  posi- 
tion on  tlie  river  Dee.f 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

Keble  Q.tjery.  —  In  the  piece  given  in  The 
Christian  Year  for  the  tliird  Sunday  in  Lent,  the 
writer  expresses  his  belief  that  all  the  classical 
stories  of  "immortal  Greece"  referred  to  sacred 
things,  telling  "  of  visions  blest."  What,  then, 
did  "  the  sword  in  myrtles  drest "  typify  ?  As  the 
emblem  of  tyrannicide,  it  seems  rather  to  belong 
to  the  region  of  history  than  to  the  shadowy 
realms  of  mythology.  R. 

LiNEiXGE  OR  LivEHSTG. — In  a  terrier  made  in 
107G  in  the  Registry  of  the  Bishop  of  Lichfield, 
the  following  expression  occurs :  — 

"  Xine  lands  or  Ridges  abbutinge  upon  the  headland 
that  belongs  to  Woodcocks  Lineinge." 

In  another  terrier  made  in  1695,  showing  the 
sums  due  to  the  vicar  in  lieu  of  tithes,  there  are 
these  words :  — 

"  William  Ramzor  for  his  Liveing  .  00  xiij  iiij 
Rowland  Turner  for  his  Messuage  ,  00  x  00 
Nicholas  Dalkins  for  his  owne  Liveinge  00  x  00 
Nicliolas  Dalkins  for  Sheppards  Liveinge  00  x    vj'i." 

The  words  lineinge  or  liveing  are  probably 
synonymous,  and  obviously  relate  to  some  tenure 
of  land.  Can  you  inform  me  which  is  the  correct 
word,  and  to  what  species  of  tenure  it  applies  ? 

C.  R.  C. 


[*  No  prophecy  but  a  pure  figment. — Ed.  "  N.  &  Q."] 
[t  Another  conjecture  has  been  hazarded,  as  not  im- 
probable, that  the  name  was  British,  Fflwyn,  a  shred,  a 
sevei-ed  part  :  a  name  the  independent  Britons  would  na- 
turalh'  give  it,  after  the  inhabitants  had  submitted  to 
the  Roman  yoke,  which  it  is  evident  from  history  they 
did  long  [irior  to  the  other  subdued  parts  of^Cambria. — 
Ed.J 


MSS.   BELONGING  TO  QuEEN   MARGARET. — Can 

any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me  whether 
the  two  illuminated  books  said  to  belong  to  St. 
Margaret,  Queen  of  Scotland,  the  one  a  Praj'er- 
book,  the  other  the  Four  Gospels,  now  exist,  and 
where  preserved  ?  Dr.  Rock  mentions  them  in 
his  Church  of  our  Fathers ;  Mr.  Henry  Shaw 
names  the  Gospels  in  his  Decorative  Arts  of  the 
Middle  Ayes.  I  should  be  glad  if  any  light  can 
be  thrown  on  this  subject.  M.  G.  S. 

Pearls  of  Eloquence. — It  would  appear  from 
what  a  friend  writes  to  me  that  the  — 

"Pearls  nf  Eloquence,  or  the  School  of  Complements, 
wherein  Ladies,  Gentlewomen,  and  Schollars  may  ac- 
comodate their  courtly  practise  -ft-ith  Gentile  Ceremonies, 
Complemental,  Amorous,  and  high  expressions  of  speak- 
ing or  writing  of  letters.  By  W.  Elder,  Gent.  London, 
1655,"  — 

is  a  scarce  book.  The  author  in  his  epistle  to  the 
reader  writes,  "  having  penned  this  small  treatise," 
and  so  on,  intimating  it  to  be  an  original  compila- 
tion. To  test  this,  can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  the  earliest  date  the  following  couplets  ap- 
peared in  print,  and  if  earlier  than  1655  ?  — 

A  Lover  to  Ms  Mistress,  with  a  Pair  of  Gloves. 

"  If  that  from  Glove  you  take  the  letter  G, 
Then  glove  is  love,  and  that  I  send  to  thee." 

Her  answer  with  a  handkerchief:  — 
"  If  that  from  Clout  you  take  the  letter  C, 
Then  clout  is  lout,  and  that  I  send  to  thee." 

I  have  somewhere  seen  another  version  running 
thus :  — 

"  If  from  Glove  j'ou  take  the  letter  G, 
Glove  is  love,  and  that  in  me  you  C." 
"  If  that  from  Clout  you  take  the  letter  C, 
Clout  then  is  lout,  and  that  is  what  you  B." 

W.  Elder,  Gent.,  claims  this  as  his  own  :  — 

"  A  Welshman  twixt  Saint  TafSe's  day  and  Easter 
Ran  on  his  Hostis  score  for  cheese  a  Teaster ; 
His  Hostis  choak't  it  up  behind  the  dore. 
And  said,  '  Good  Sir,  for  cheese  discharge  your  score.' 
♦  Cods  so,'  quoth  he, '  what  raeaneth  these, 
Dost  tliink  her  knows  not  choak  from  cheese  ?  '  " 

Was  this  in  print  prior  to  1G55  ?         F.  W.  C. 
Clapham  Park,  S. 

John  Phreas,  or  Freas. — Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  tell  me  where  I  can  find  anything 
about  John  Phrfeas  (or  Freus)  of  Balliol  College, 
Oxford,  an  English  physician  who  died  in  1465  ? 
1  have  read  the  accounts  of  him  in  Pitseus  and 
Tanner,  and  their  modern  copyists,  but  I  want  to 
know  more  about  him.  Particularly,  I  wish  to 
know  whether  he  had  any  early  connection  with 
the  celebrated  Franciscan  convent  at  Oxford,  and 
its  two  famous  libraries.  Was  he  a  student  and 
lay  brother  at  the  convent  before  he  went  to 
Balliol  ?     Also,  I  want  to  know  the  meaning  of 


36 


Iv^OTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


"^  S.  XL  jAi,-.  12,  '6 


N.  S.  P.  D.,  wliicli  letters  Pliroeas  put  after  his 
name  in  his  printed  books.*  J.  G. 

Painter  av anted.  —  Who  was  the  artist  re- 
ferred to  in  the  following  extract  from  Peacock's 
Gri/U  Grange,  as  quoted  in  a  late  number  of  the 
North  British  Review  f — 

"Yet  thus  one  of  our  most  popular  poets  describes 
Cleopatra ;  and  one  of  our  most  popular  artists  has  illus- 
trated the  description  by  a  portrait  of  a  hideous  grinning 
.^thiop." 

St.  Th. 

Philadelphia. 

PoEX.  — Will  a  correspondent  favour  me  with 
a  clue  to  the  authorship  of  a  poem  commencing — 
"  Hail !  noble  Muse,  inspired  by  wine, 
James  Scott's  superior  port." 

I  am  informed  it  is  a  parody  on  one  of  the 
''Lake  School."  J.W.J. 

QiN  THE  CoENER  (Z^^  S.  viii.  231.)— Will 
Mr.  Hart  make  some  further  searches  in  the 
Treasury  books  as  to  "  Q  in  the  Corner,"  who 
says  in  the  Miscellaneous  Letters  of  Junius  (Ixxi. 
Ixxiv.  Ixxv)  that  he  "  drew  his  intelligence  from 
first  sources,  and  not  from  the  common  falsities  of 
the  day  "  ? 

Mrs.  Allenby  bought  of  Miss  Bradshaw  for 
600?.  the  place  of  surveyor  of  the  pines  in  America 

for  her  husband.     Captain  P overbid  Mrs. 

Allenby  and  got  it  for  800Z.  The  matter  was  in- 
quired into  at  the  Treasury.  Mrs.  Allenby  inno- 
cently stated  that  Messrs.  Robinson  and  .Jenkiuson 
were  in  Cumberland  at  a  certain  time,  not  know- 
ing that  they  were  then  in  the  room.  Mr.  Dyson 
attempted  to  browbeat  Mrs.  Allenby,  but  a  noble 
lord  had  the  himianity  to  interfere.  INIr.  Brad- 
shaw exonerated  himself  at  the  expense  of  his 
sister. 

Who  was  the  noble  lord  ?  Robinson  was  Trea- 
sury Secretary,  and,  like  Dyson,  was  present  on 
the  occasion  to  which  Mr.  Hart  referred.  Jen- 
kinson  was  secretary  to  the  Earl  of  Bute,     Who 

was  Captain  P ? 

John  WiiKiNS,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesburj'. 

"  Ride  a   Cock-horse."  —  Can  any  one  en- 
lighten me  respecting  the  origin  of — 
"  Eide  a  cock-horse 
To  Banbury  Cross,"  <tc. 

Is  it  a  political  squib,  or  what  ?  R. 

Rouget  de  L'Isle:  Music  of  "Marseillais 
Htmn."  —  This  is  attributed  to  Francois  Joseph 
Gossee,  who  employed  it  with  superb  effect  in  his 
opera,  The  Camp  of  Grandpre.  It  is  really  by 
Rouget  de  Lisle.      Gossee  arranged  the  air  for 


[*  Some  biographical  notices  of  John  Phreas,  or  '. 
will  be  found  in  Warton's  Hist,  of  English  Poetry,  ed. 
1840,  ii.  555-557;  Leland,  Collectanea,  ed.  1770,  iv.  60; 
Eose's  Biographical  Dictionary,  xi.  108;  and  Coxe's  Cat. 
ofMSS.  in  the  Oxford  Colleges,  Balliol,  exxiv.— Ed.] 


band  and  chorus.  He  died  at  Passy,  Feb.  16, 
1829,  in  his  ninety-sixth  year.  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  give  me  particulars  concerning 
Rouget  de  Lisle  ?  Arthur  Ogilvy. 

Song  in  "  The  Two  Drovers."— Walter  Scott, 
in  his  novel  of  The  Ttvo  Drovers,  introduces  Harry 
Wakefield  as  trolling  forth  the  old  ditty  — 
"  What  tho'  my  name  be  Roger, 
And  I  drive  the  plough  and  cart." 
Can  any  of  your  readers  furnish  me  with  the 
rest  of  the  song?  *  Jonathan  Oldbxtok. 

Shrine  of  St.  Thomas,  Madras.  —  Can  any 
particulars  be  ascertained  regarding  the  mission 
sent  to  this  place  by  Alfred  the  Great,  mentioned 
in  Plegmund's  Saxon  Chronicle,  William  of 
INIalmesbury  and  Lappenberg's  History  of  Eng- 
land ?  Vide  p.  262,  vol.  v.  Gibbon's  Rome,  Bohn. 

Was  it  to  defray  the  expenses  of  this  mission 
that  the  alms  of  the  faithful  were  collected  and 
sent  to  Rome  and  Jerusalem  in  a.d.  889  by 
order  of  Alfred,  and  to  which  he  contributed 
largely  himself?  Vide  Wendover's  Flowers  of 
History,  vol.  i.  p.  226,  Bohn.  Mermaid. 

Sir  Theodore  Talbot. — The  memoirs  of  Mr. 
Ambrose  Barnes,  an  eminent  Newcastle  Dissenter, 
were  dedicated  by  M.  R.,  in  1716,  to  his  honoured 
friend  Sir  Theodore  Talbot.  Talbot  had  an  in- 
valuable esteem  for  Barnes,  and  appears  to  have 
been  a  patron  of  letters. 

"  We  have  seen  the  succession  oifive  princes,  and  h^ve 
lived  to  mourn  the  desolation  of  a  reigning  degeneracy 
through  their  successive  reigns."  "  Being  of  the  stock  of 
the  ancient  Brittons,  you  cultivate  the  native  love  they 
alwayes  had  for  their  dear  country."  "  In  a  remote  re- 
sidence, in  a  pleasant  seat  you  live." 

Who  were  the  two  worthies  ?  The  late  Joseph 
Hunter  could  not  identify  M.  R.  I  hardly  think 
that  he  could  be  a  north-countryman.  He  had 
all  learning  at  his  fingers'  end.  Surely  we  should 
have  had  other  traces  of  him  here,  and  he  does 
not  write  as  if  he  were  familiar  with  Bernician 
mysteries.  He  would,  I  fancy,  be  later  than 
Calamy's  heroes,  although  the  Jive  princes  trans- 
port him  and  Talbot  to  Charles  II.  The  only 
person,  in  Calamy's  book,  bearing  the  initials  is 
Matthew  Randal  of  Higham  Rectory,  Somerset- 
shire, ejected,  of  whom  no  account  is  given.  Any 
information  would  be  very  acceptable. 

W.  H.  D.  LoNGSTAFFE. 
Gateshead. 

Throckmorton  Family.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  refer  me  to  any  records  of  the  Devonshire 
branch  of  the  Throckmorton  family,  whether 
printed  or  MS.  ?  Had  they  any  connection  with 
the  village  of  Butterleigh,  near  CoUumpton  ? 

OiONIENSIS. 


[*  This  song  was  inquired  after  ia  "N.  &  Q."  1^'  S.  xi. 
343,  but  elicited  no  reply.] 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


Tyler  and  Heard  Families.  —  Kequired, 
any  information  respecting  the  Tylers  of  Biid- 
leigli,  Devon,  living  about  1019 ;  and  of  a  Job 
Tj'ler,  who  emigrated  to  America  soon  after  that 
period.  Also  about  Sir  Wm.  Tyler,  who  was 
knighted  by  Henry  VII.  on  his  landing  at  Milford 
Haven.  This  Sir  William  was  Groom  of  the 
Chamber  to  ITenry  VII.  I  am  desirous  of  finding 
his  ancestry.  Also  I  shall  be  glad  of  any  parti- 
culars of  Lady  Catherine  Heard  (who  was  a  Tyler) ; 
her  husband  was  Sir  David  Heard. — B.  A.  H., 
Mr.  Lewis,  Bookseller,  Gower  Street,  Euston 
Square,  N.AV. 

Valexxestes. — Looking  over  some  family  papers 
I  have  come  across  an  old  valentine — old  at  least 
comparatively,  for  it  was  sent,  I  believe,  very 
early  in  the  present  centurj-.  This  circumstance 
has  suggested  to  me  a  few  queries,  which,  if  asked 
in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  have  never  been  satis- 
factorily answered.  Where  is  the  oldest  known 
valentine  preserved,  and  what  is  its  date  ?  Are 
there  any  old  valentines  among  the  rich  and 
varied  MS.  collections  in  the  British  Museum  ? 
What  is  the  earliest  printed  valentine  ?  What 
is  the  earliest  printed  hooh  of  valentines  ?  Lastly, 
what  is  the  earliest  allusion  to  the  practice  of 
sending  valentines  ? 

I  am  aware  of  the  allusions  to  choosing  valen- 
tines in  Gower,  Lydgate,  and  in  the  Paston  Let- 
ters, &c.  My  queries  refer  to  the  written  or 
printed  valentines  which  are  so  freely  circulated 
in  this  country  on  February  14. 

A  Yalextinian. 

Vandyke's  Portrait  of  Lady  Sussex. — There 
■was  a  picture  painted  by  Vandyke  of  Eleanor 
Wortley,  Countess  of  Susses,  about  1G40.  Where 
could  this  picture  be  found  ?  D,  B. 

Wearing  Foreign  Orders  of  Knighthood 
IK  England.^ — Some  weeks  ago,  apropos  of  King 
Leopold  of  Belgium  having  conferred  an  order 
upon  the  ex-Lord  Mayor  Phillips,  some  discus- 
sion ensued  in  The  Times  and  other  daily  papers, 
touching  the  power  of  a  British  subject  to  accept 
and  wear  similar  decorations.  Now  it  is  well 
knoviTi  that  many  such  have  been  honoured  by 
foreign  monarchs ;  to  mention  only  three— Sir  J. 
Emerson  Tennent,  late  Governor  of  Ceylon  ;  Mr. 
R.  H.  Major,  of  the  British  Museum;  and  Mr. 
Pugin,  the  architect ;  who  have  all  one  or  more 
such  brevets.  Now,  can  any  of  your  legal  cor- 
respondents explain  on  what  judicial  authority 
the  supposition  that  no  Englishman  can  wear  a 
foreign  order  exists  ?  Is  the  rule  to  the  contrary 
merely  based  upon  custom,  or  does  its  infringe- 
ment involve  any  penal  consequences?  Nelson, 
it  is  well  known,  bore  several  continental  decora- 
tions not  authorised  at  home,  but  he  laughed  at 
the  idea  of   appearing   at  Court  without  them. 


Would  a  lesser  man  fail  to  obtain  the  immunity 
which  the  rashness  of  our  naval  hero  gained  ? 
This  seems  a  question  well  suited  for  discussion 
and  settlement  in  your  valuable  serial,  and  I  hope 
all  the  cocjnoscenti  on  your  staff  will  combine  to 
ventilate  it.  Pugtjs  Plgstiles. 

Royal  Thames  Yacht  Club. 

Passage  in  "Hamlet":  Wyeth  the  Com- 
mentator, —  Early  in  1865  (^■'^  S.  vii.  52)  I 
forwarded  to  "  N.  &  Q."  what  I  believed  to  be 
an  original  emendation  of  a  passage  in  Shakspeare. 
It  was  a  very  small  affair — merely  the  correction 
of  a  single  word.  I  had  taken  pains  to  ascertain 
whether  my  remark  had  been  anticipated,  and  as 
no  commentator  came  forth  to  crush  me,  I  flat- 
tered myself  that  I  had  really  made  an  original 
suggestion.  Shortly  afterwards  the  Cambridge 
edition  of  Hamlet  appeared,  and  a  foot-note  on 
the  passage — "he  is  fat  and  scant  of  breath,"  in- 
formed me  that  the  substitution  of  the  word/am^ 
had  already  been  proposed  by  "  Wyeth."  I  could 
only  solace  myself  with  the  old  quotation — 
"  Pereaut  qui  ante  nos  nostra  dixerunt."  I  wrote  to 
Mr.  Clark,  the  coeditor  of  the  Cambridge  Shaksjieare, 
to  inquire  who  "  Wyeth  "  was ;  but  Mr.  Clark 
could  not  tell  me  where  his  remark  was  to  be  met 
with.  Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  say  who 
"  Wyeth  "  is,  or  was,  and  where  his  emendation  is 
to  be  found  ?  J,  Dixon, 


Queries?  bjitl)  ^n^fatvi,  . 

A  Scottish   "Index  ExpuRGATORiirs."  —  In. 
looking  over  an  abridgement  of  Scottish  Acts  of 
Parliame?it  compiled  by  Sir  James  Stewart,  Lord 
Advocate  of  Scotland  in  1702, 1  find  the  following 
under  the  head  "  Buchanan  ":  — 

"  That  Buchanan's  Clironicles,  and  De  Jure  Regni  aptid 
Scotos,  be  brought  in  by  the  Havers,  to  the  Secretary 
within  20  daj^es  after  the  publication  of  this  Act,  under 
the  pain  of  200  Pounds,  to  the  effect  they  may  be  purged 
of  certain  offensive  and  extraordinary  matters  therein 
contained. — Jacobus  VI.,  Pari,  8,  cap,  134," 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  if  this  bar- 
barous edict  for  mutilating  George  Buchanan's 
best  works  was  carried  into  effect?  I  can  find 
no  record  of  it  in  any  contemporary  history. 
Perhaps  Mr,  Robert  Chambers,  author  of  the 
Domestic  Annals  of  Scotland,  may  be  able  to  give 
some  information  on  the  subject. 

In  a  following  Parliament  (Jac.  VL  Pari,  11, 
cap.  25)  an  Act  was  passed  to  the  effect,  that  — 

"  Magistrates  of  Burghs,  with  a  Minister,  may  search  for 
and  destroy  Erroneous  Books,  and  put  the  Honie-bringers 
in  Ward,  until  they  be  punished  in  person  and  goods  at 
the  King's  Will." 

There  is  no  record  in  any  diary  or  journal  of 
the  time,  of  "Erroneous  Books"  having  been 
searched  for  and  destroyed.  If  the  Act  was  car- 
ried into  effect,  the  only  documents  which  would 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


L3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  12,  '67, 


give   an   account   of  its  working  would  be  tlie 
records  of  Kirk  Sessions.  James  Macnab. 

8,  Mackenzie  Place,  Edinburgh. 

[The  first  Act  to  which  our  correspondent  refers  is 
that  passed  in  1584,  which  in  the  Act.  Pari.  Scot,  is 
marked  as  chap.  viii.  It  is  entitled,  "  Ane  Act  for  the 
punisment  of  the  authoris  of  the  slanderous  and  untrew 
calumneis  spoken  aganis  the  Kings  Majestic,  his  coun- 
sell  and  proceedings,  or  to  the  dishonour  and  prejudice  of 
his  heines,  his  parentis,  and  progenitouris,  croun,  and 
estate."  After  other  provisions,  it  contains  the  follow- 
ing : — "  Attour,  becaus  it  is  understand  unto  his  hienes, 
and  to  his  thrie  estatis,  that  the  buikis  of  the  Cronicles  and 
De  jure  regni  apud  Scotns,  maid  be  umquhill  M'  George 
Buchannan,  and  imprentit  sensyne,  contenis  sj^ndrie  offen- 
sive materis  worthie  to  be  delete.  It  is  therefore  statute 
and  ordanit  that  the  havaris  of  the  saidis  tua  volumis  in 
thair  handis  inbring  and  deliver  the  same  to  mj^  Lord 
Secretare  or  his  deputis  within  fourtie  daj's  efter  the 
publication  hereof,  to  the  effect  that  the  saidis  tua  volumis 
may  be  perusit  and  purgit  of  the  offensive  and  extraor- 
dinare  materis  specifiit  thairin  not  meit  to  remane  as 
accordis  of  the  treuth  to  posteritie,  under  the  pane  of  twa 
hundreth  pounds  of  everie  person  failleing  herein." 

That  the  prior  pi'ovisions  of  the  statute  were  put  in 
force  we  know  from  Archbishop  Spottiswode,  who  in- 
forms us  that,  in  consequence  of  this  statute,  Mr.  David 
Lindesaj'  was  sent  to  Blackness,  and  Mr.  James  Lawson 
and  Mr.  Walter  Balanquel  of  Edinburgh  fled  the  country, 
and  Mr.  John  Drury  was  removed  in  the  town  of  Mon- 
trose, so  that  Edinburgh  was  left  without  any  preacher. 
We  doubt,  however,  whether  the  portion  of  the  Act  which 
relates  to  the  deletion  of  the  offensive  portion  of  Bucha- 
nan's works  was  ever  enforced.  There  are  in  the  Library 
of  the  British  Museum  seven  copies  of  the  two  works, 
either  conjoined  or  separate,  published  before  the  date  of 
the  Act,  and  none  of  them  show  any  deletions. 

On  one  of  the  copies  of  the  De  jure  Regni  there  is  the 
following  MS.  note :—"  Edinburgh,  lO"- April,  1666.  A 
proclamation  was  issued  here  for  calling  in  and  sup- 
pressing ane  old  seditious  pamphlet,  entitled  De  jure 
Regni  apud  Scotos,  whereof  M"^  George  Buchanan  was 
the  author,  which  was  condemned  by  Act  of  Parliament, 
1584.  Writte  in  Latin,  and  is  now  translated  into 
English.  See  Wodrow,  i.  218." — This  is  \e.ry  inaccurate : 
the  proclamation  referred  to  was  one  of  April  29,  1664, 
which  Wodrow  (i.  416)  gives  in  cxtenso,  and  then  adds  : 
"  This  proclamation  is  very  singular.  For  any  thing  that 
appears,  this  translation  of  that  well-known  piece  of 
the  celebrated  Buchanan  was  not  printed,  but  only,  it 
seems,  handed  about  in  manuscript ;  ivhile,  in  the  mean 
time,  thousands  of  copies  of  it  in  the  Latin  original  ivere  in 
every  bodies  hands." 

The  other  Act  referred  to  is  chap,  iv.,  1587  :  "  Aganis 
sellars  and  dispersaris  of  papistical  and  erroneous  books," 
whereby  the  Provost  and  Baillies,  with  ane  minister,  are 
empowered  to  search  for  and  destroy  them.  It  is  evident 
that  the  minister  was  merely  ttfe  theological  assessor  of 
the  magistrates;   and  therefore  any  proceedings  under 


this  Act  would  be  registered,  if  they  were  so  at  all,  not 
in  the  Session  but  the  Burgh  Records.] 

James  Gillkat,  Cakicattjrist. — I  can  well 
remember  wben  tlie  daily  lounger  at  tbe  eastern 
sides  of  Bond  Street  and  St.  James's  Street,  upon 
approaching  Humphrey's  shop  in  the  latter,  had 
to  quit  the  pavement  for  the  carriage-way,  so 
great  was  the  crowd  which  obstructed  the  foot- 
path to  gaze  at  Gillray's  caricatures.  This  unri- 
valled artist  had  so  happy  a  talent,  that  he  de- 
lineated every  feature  of  the  human  face,  and 
seemed  also  to  have  imbibed  every  feeling  and 
every  attitude  that  actuated  the  person  repre- 
sented. I  am  desirous  to  know,  as  his  worlcs  em- 
braced all  sizes  and  were  very  numerous,  whether 
they  have  ever  been  published  in  a  serial  state  for 
reference. 

During  his  stay  at  Richmond,  in  Surrey,  he 
represented  two  of  its  celebrities.  The  first  was 
Mr.  William  Penn  (one  of  the  remaining  de- 
scendants of  the  great  William  Penn),  then  of  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge,  who  was  one  of  the 
brightest  meteors  of  his  day.  (Vide  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  November,  1845,  p.  535.) 
Mr.  William  Penn  is  designated  by  Gillray  as  "  a 
man  of  penetration."  Mr.  Richard  Penn,  the  last 
of  the  family  of  the  renowned  Quaker,  and  brother 
of  the  foregoing,  died  in  April,  1863,  at  this  place. 
(See  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  June,  1863, 
p.  800,  where  are  some  interesting  particulars  of 
this  family.) 

The  other  individual  is  styled  by  Gillray,  "  a 
Master  of  the  Ceremonies  at  Richmond."  This 
gentleman  was  a  lieutenant,  of  the  Richmond 
Volunteers  about  the  close  of  the  last  century. 
He  was  Master  of  the  Ceremonies  of  the  distin- 
guished balls  held  at  the  '•'  Castle  "  at  Richmond. 
The  figure,  manner,  address,  and  gestures  of  Mr, 
Charles  Yart  (for  that  was  his  name)  were  what 
might  be  termed  Frencliijied,  and  were  admirably 
portrayed  by  Gillray.  *. 

Eichmond,  Surrej'. 

[Mr.  H.  G.  Bohn  has  published  upwards  of  six  hundred 
of  Gillray's  finest  caricatures  in  a  handsome  folio  volume ; 
and  corresponding  with  it  a  volume  of  suppressed  works. 
Both  are  from  the  original  plates.  To  these  Mi-.  Bohn 
has  added  an  8vo  volume  containing  historical  and  de- 
scriptive accounts  of  the  plates,  compiled  by  Mr.  R.  H. 
Evans  and  Mr.  Thomas  Wright,  and  with  additions  by 
Mr.  Bohn  himself.  ] 

"Racovian  Catechism." — What  is  the  deri- 
vation or  meaning  of  the  "Racovian  Catechiem" 
alluded  to  in  the  Saturday  Reviexv  of  December  8, 
1866,  under  the  art.  of  "  Established  Churches  "  ? 
A  Subscriber. 

Guernsey. 

[This  Catechism  is  considered  the  great  standard  of 
Socinianism,  and  an  accurate  summary  of  the  doctrine 
of  that  sect.     It  was  first  published  at  Racow  (hence  the 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


39 


name)  in  Poland.  There  are  properly  two  Racovian 
Catechisms,  a  larger  and  a  smaller.  The  writer  of  the 
smaller  was  Valentine  Smalcius,  wlio  drew  it  up  in  Ger- 
man, and  first  published  it  in  1605.  The  larger  was 
likewise  published  in  German,  by  the  same  Smalcius,  in 
1608  ;  but  Hieron  Mascorovius  translated  it  into  Latin 
in  ItiOO.  Afterwards  John  Crell  and  Jo.  Schlichting  re- 
vised and  amended  it ;  and  after  their  death,  Andr.  Wis- 
sowatius  and  Stegmann  the  younger  published  it  in  1665. 
In  the  year  1684  there  was  an  edition  in  8vo  still  more 
complete,  as  it  contained  the  notes  of  Martin  Ruarus, 
Benedict  Wissowatius  the  younger,  and  of  one  not 
named.  In  1818  an  English  translation  was  published, 
entitled  "  The  Racovian  Catechism,  with  Notes  and  Illus- 
trations, translated  from  the  Latin,  to  which  is  prefixed  a 
Sketch  of  the  History  of  Unitarianism  in  Poland  and  the 
adjacent  countries.  Bj-  Thomas  Rees,  F.S.A."  This 
Catechism,  or  a  translation  of  it,  was  committed  to  the 
flames  in  England  by  order  of  the  Parliament  in  the  year 
1652.  ConsuliMoshtiva's  Ecclesiastical  History,  ed.  1845, 
iii.  571-576.] 

Junius  :  the  Fkaijcis  Papers. — In  tlie  spring 
of  18G2  an  intimate  friend  of  Mr.  Jolin  Taylor, 
the  author  of  Junius  Identijied,  informed  me  to 
the  effect  that  that  gentleman  was  preparing  for 
the  press  some  papers  of  Sir  Philip  Francis  which 
would  be  conclusive  as  to  the  cmthoi-ship  of  the 
celebrated  letters  ;  and  a  letter,  dated  from  Lon- 
don, May  12  in  the  same  year,  from  Mr.  Thur- 
low  Weed  to  the  Albany  (TJ.  S.)  Evening  Journal 
stated,  that  "before  the  present  year  expires,  all 
doubt  or  question  as  to  the  authorship  of  the 
Junius  Lettei-s  will  be  removed."  Since  then 
both  Mr.  Taylor  and  his  friend  have  died ;  and, 
although  the  subject  is  still  of  much  interest,  I 
have  neither  heard  nor  seen  anything  further  rela- 
tive to  either  Mr.  Taylor's  Francis  papers,  or  the 
evidence  (which,  perhaps,  may  be  the  same)  to 
which  Mr.  Weed  alluded.  Perhaps  the  editor  or 
some  reader  of  "  N.  «&  Q."  will  be  kind  enough 
to  say  in  what  position  the  matter  now  stands. 

Eric. 
ViUe  Marie,  Canada. 

[The  late  Mr.  Joseph  Parkes,  who  had  purcliased  The 
Francis  Papers,  and  also  the  original  Letters  of  Junius 
addressed  to  Woodfall,  had  been  for  some  years  preparing 
for  publication  a  Life  of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  and  in  which, 
in  his  opinion,  would  be  found  conclusive  evidence  of  the 
identity  of  Francis  and  Junius.  The  work  was,  however, 
far  from  complete  at  the  time  of  Jlr.  Parkes's  death ;  and 
although  we  believe  the  whole  of  the  papers  have  since 
been  submitted  to  the  examination  of  one  eminenth^  quali- 
fied to  do  justice  to  them,  we  are  not  aware  that  there  is 
any  prospect  of  their  being  published  just  at  present.] 

Sasines  :  Eegister  or  Sasines  kept  at  Glas- 
gow {?j"^  S.  X.  453.)— 1.  What  is  the  derivation 
of  the  word  Sasines?  2.  Sasana,  in  the  south  of 
India,  means  a  grant  of  land  engraved  on  copper. 


Can  a  common  origin  for  both  words  be  found  in 
the  Celtic  ?  Mermaid. 

["  To  ease,  v.  a.  to  seize,  to  lay  hold  of. 
'  Ane  halj'  iland  Ij-is,  that  halt  Delos, 
Quham  the  cheritabill  archere  Appollo, 
Quhen  it  fletit  rollyng  from  coistis  to  and  fro, 
Sasit  and  band  betuix  vther  ilis  tua.' 

Douglas,  Virgil,  69,  44, 
"  Fr.  Sais  -ir,  comprehendere,  whence  sasire  and  sasina, 
forensic  terms." — Jamieson's  Dictionary. 

"  Seisin,  which  imports  the  taking  of  possession ;  for 
seisin  and  seizure  are  from  the  same  original,  signifying 
laying  hold  of,  or  taking  possession,  and  disseising  is  dis- 
possession."— Lord  Stair's  Institutes  of  the  Laic  of  Scot- 
land, B.  II.  tit.  iii.  §  16. 

The  variation  in  the  word  is  well  exemplified  hj  a 
Breve  of  1261,  and  the  Retour  appended  to  it  published 
in  the  first  volumes  of  the  Acta  Pari.  Scot.,  p.  90.  In  the 
first  of  these  documents  it  appears  as  Seisitus,  in  the 
second  as  saysitus. 

"  Bj'  the  antient  law  of  feuds,  immediateh-  upon  the 
death  of  a  vassal,  the  superior  was  entitled  to  enter  and 
take  seisin  or  possession  of  the  land." — Blackstone,  B.  ir. 
chap.  V.  §3,] 


sacpitc^. 

GIBBON'S  LIBRARY. 
(S'-i  S.  ix.  295,  363,  422.) 
Some  questions  having  been  asked,  and  an 
interest  created,  as  to  the  fate  of  Gibbon's  library 
at  Lausanne,  the  following  information  respecting 
it — received  in  reply  to  my  inquiries  from  a  friend 
— may  throw  great  light  on  its  history,  and  prove 
satisfactory  to  your  curious  readers.         H.  P,  S. 

Sheen  Mount,  East  Sheen. 

JOURJTAl. 

"  Lausanne,  July  24,  1820. 

"  Called  upon  Dr.  Scholl,  in  order  that  W.  might 
see  the  library.  Scholl  was  for  ten  years  Gibbon's 
plivsician.  and' bought  the  library  for  Bec'kford  for  1000/. 
L^'Shefiield  wanted  1500Z.  for  it,  but  finally  closed  with 
Beckford,  who  would  not  advance.  This  was  iu  1796, 
and  Beckford  has  never  seen  it  I  leaving  it  in  Scholl's 
care.  There  it  lies,  with  the  Doctor — a  very  civil  man. 
He  says  the  operation  killed  Gibbon.  He  would  have 
lived  longer  had  they  left  him  alone.  They  had  many  a 
consultation  about  performing  it  here  (Lausanne)  ;  but 
with  a  person  of  Gibbon's  scrofulous  tendency,  operations 
should  not  be  performed. 

"  After  dinner  Dr.  Scholl,  to  show  us  the  library.  It 
consists  of  from  8000  to  9000  volumes.  Beckford  carried 
away  four  or  five-and-twentj'^  only,  and  one  has  been  given 
away  by  Dr.  Scholl  himself — these  are  all  that  are  wanting. 
A  Mr.  Brown  applied  thro'  the  Doctor  to  Beckford,  offer- 
ing 2000?.  The  answer  was  :  '  Je  ne  suis  pas  marchand 
de  livres.'  Webster  made  a  catalogue  of  it.  I  saw  but 
one  book  with  the  historian's  autograph  name  in  it.  In 
an  Oratus  I  observed  some  marginal  notes.  He  accents 
his  Greek. 

"  Scholl  was  Beckford's  physician,  as  well  as  Gibbon's, 
I  heard  from  him  several  anecdotes  of  both  of  these  cele- 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[Srd  S.  XI.  JAX.  12,  '67. 


brities.   His  sou  was  minister  of  the  Swiss  church  in  Lon 
don,  and  may  be  now  for  aught  I  know  to  the  contrary." 

Letters  to  C.  E.  L. 

"  Lausanne,  May,  1831. 
«  Gibbon's  library  is  now  on  sale  here,  and  might  be 
had  probably  for  800Z.  or  less.  It  would  seU  well  by 
auction  in  England.  SchoU  means  to  sell  it  piecemeal, 
and  I  am  going  this  very  day  to  select  something  ;  but 
nothing  as  yet  is  sold,  or  knoivn  generally  to  be  on  sale." 
"  The  fact  is,  Beckford  was  bored  by  this  library,  of 
which  he  made  no  use,  in  fact  never  saw ;  and  so  ulti- 
mately gave  it  to  Scholl,  who  had  kept  it  for  him  twenty- 
five  years— perhaps  as  a  reward  for  house-room,  and 
warehousing  it  for  him." 

Letter  to  C.  E.  L. 

"  Lausanne,  June  8, 1831. 

«  yj is  mistaken  about  the  Bibliotheque  Gibboni- 

enne.     It  contains  some  very  valuable  books.    I  was  with 
him  when  he  saw  it  in  1820  ;  and  from  its  then  confused 
state,  he  must  have  had  but  a  confused  idea  of  it.    Old 
SchoU   is   selling  it  very  cheap.    As  yet     *     *     *     * 
and  I  have  been  the  only  purchasers :  for  the  *  catalogue 
taxee '  is  not  as  yet  out.     My  object  was  to  get  a  book 
with  Gibbon's  writing  in  it.    This  was  extremely  difficult, 
for  Gibbon  treated  his  books  with  the  greatest  reverence. 
I  have  looked  over  thousands  of  volumes,  for  *    *    *    «, 
and  I  have  been  three  days  in  the  library  and  have  found 
three  only  which  contained  his  autograph,  or  rather  his 
writing :  of  these  I  have  secured  two  for  myself— a  little 
Tonson's  Cmsar,  which  has  '  Edward  Gibbon,  of  Magdalen 
College,  Oxford,  April  9, 1753,'  and  his  arms  ;  and  Necker 
sur  les  Finances,  3  vols,  handsomely  bound,  which  has,  in 
Gibbon's  writing,  « a  M.  Gibbon  de  la  part  de  I'auteur.' 
The  third  that  I  found  was  a  note  in  Hayley's  poems,  on  an 
historical  point  about  Don  Hertado  de  Mendoza,  peifectly 
Gibbonian  in  its  sneer  and  inuendos.    This  I  resigned  to 
the  Dean's  son,  who  is  paying  a  visit.     He  is  a  senior 
Fellow  of  Trinity,  Librarian  of  Armagh,  &c.-  -a  very  well 
informed,  agreeable  man.    The  books  I  have  bought,  be- 
sides the  two  above-mentioned,  are  Guischard's  Mcmoires 
Militaires,  6  vols. ;  Vie  de  Mahomed;  Vie  de  Julien  ;  De- 
fense du  Paganisme  par  Julien ;  two  books  on  the  Geo- 
graphy and  Antiquities  of  Homer ;  and  L*  Herbert's  Life 
(Strawberry  Hill).    For  all  these,  16  francs  (Swiss)  onh- 
were  asked  :  seventeen  and  a  fraction  make  a  pound  ster- 
ling.    *     *     «     »    besides  others,  has  bought  Walpole's 
Anecdotes  of  Paintiiig,  5  vols,  small  4to,  blue  morocco, 
gilt  edges,  Strawberry  Hill  press,  for  40  Swiss,  equal  to 
about  60  French  francs." 

"  Almost  immediately  after  the  selection,  I  was  obliged 
to  replace  the  books  in  the  librarj*.     Scholl  appealed  ad 
misericordiam !    An  Englishman  at  Orbe  had  offered  to 
buy  half  the  library — he   cared  not  which  half!     So, 
eventually,  I  got  most  of  my  books  back  again.    I  forget 
what  he  gave  Scholl  for  his  moiety." 

"  The  books  I  bought  of  Dr.  Scholl,  out  of  Gibbon's 
librarj^,  are  twelve  in  number,  and  I  have  them  now :  — 
"  Guischard,  Jlemoires  Militaires     ...      6 
Vie  de  Julien  .        .        .        .        .        .1 

Tie  de  Mahomed    ,        .        .        .        .        .1 

Julian,  Defense  du  Paganisme       ...       1 

Geographia  Homerica 1 

Augustiniarum  familia;  Komana?  ...      1 
CaBsar 1 

12 
"  I  bought  Guischard  because  it  suited  my  Cesarean 
tastes,  but  principally  because  I  knew  it  had  been  well 


thumbed  by  Gibbon.  He  tells  us,  in  his  Memoirs,  that  he 
studied  him  while  serving  in  the  Hants  Militia ;  and  in  his 
account  of  Jovian's  retreat,  he  speaks  of  it  as  the  '  noblest 
monument  ever  raised  to  the  fame  of  Caesar.' 

*•'  The  Julian  and  Mahomed  lives,  &c.  had,  no  doubt, 
been  well  worked  by  G. ;  and  the  little  Ccesar  had  his 
autographical  name  and  date. 

"  I  forgot  a  thirteenth,  L^  Herbert's  Life,  printed  at 
Strawberry  Hill,  by  Horry  Walpole.     I  have  it  now. 

H.  L.  L." 


PSALM  AND  HYMX  TUJSTES. 

(3"»  S.  X.  373.) 

The  only  reply  that  can  "be  given  to  J.  F.  S.'s 
query  as  to  "  the  reason  of  the  names  by  which 
some  of  the  common  old  psalm  and  hymn  tunes 
are  hnown  "  is,  that  probably  no  one  but  the  com- 
poser or  the  person  giving  the  name  can  with  cer- 
tainty assign  such  reason.  It  is  clear  that  there 
is  no  fixed  rule  on  the  subject,  and  I  may  say 
that  there  is  an  utter  absence  of  rule.  The  tune 
"  Cranbrook  "  referred  to  by  J.  F.  S.  is  published 
in  The  Union  Tune-Book  issued  by  the  Sunday 
School  Union,  and  edited  by  Thomas  Clark  of 
Canterbury,  who  was,  I  believe,  an  amateur  mu- 
sician of  considerable  local  repute  amongst  the 
Dissenting  community.  This  tune-book  abounds 
in  tunes  having  senseless  repeats,  and  passages 
of  the  florid  and  unmeaning  character  that  are 
rapidly  becoming  obsolete.  I  am  not  an  admirer 
of  its  general  contents,  but  the  book  will  serve  to 
amplify  my  reply  to  J.  F.  S.'s  question.  Thomas 
Clark,  the  editor  of  the  volimie,  was  the  composer 
of  "Cranbrook,"  and  of  thirty-five  other  tunes 
inserted  therein,  and  all  bearing  his  name.  Tak- 
ing the  names  of  these  tunes  as  illustrations,  I  find 
that  fifteen  of  them  are  called  after  towns  and 
localities  in  Kent  (principally  near  Canterbury), 
such  as  Margate,  Twyford,  Axbridge,  Bessels- 
Green,  Queenborough,  and  so  on;  eleven  more 
bear  the  names  of  other  towns  in  England  and  of 
countries  abroad ;  and  the  remainder  have  what 
may  be  called  fanciful  or  sentimental  names,  such  as 
"  Serenity,"  "Association,"  and  the  like,  the  whole 
forming  a  rather  curious  medley.  It  is  very  easy 
to  suggest  why  some  of  the  fifteen  tunes  bear  the 
names  they  have.  For  instance,  "Cranbrook" 
may  have  been  composed  at  that  place ;  "  Burn- 
ham  "  first  sung  there;  "Wrotham"  presented 
to  the  choir  there ;  and  "  Queenborough "  com- 
posed for  a  particular  service  in  the  chapel  there. 
These  of  course  are  mere  surmises.  For  the  eleven 
names  the  composer  perhaps  adopted  a  "  happy- 
go-lucky  "  mode  of  selection,  seeing  that  they 
range  from  Calcutta  to  Flint,  and  from  Ceylon  to 
Orford  (Suffolk).  The  fanciful  or  sentimental 
names  were  probably  suggested  by  the  hymns  to 
which  the  tunes  were  composed.  "Serenity" 
may  be  quoted  as  an  example,  being  set  in  the 
time-book  to  the  words  — 


S'd  S,  XI.  Jas.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


41 


"  How  blest  the  hour  and  soft  the  scene, 
When  heav'nly  light  with  glow  serene, 
Shedding  around  its  hoty  rays, 
Awakes  the  coldest  heart  to  praise !  " 
And  another  illustration  of  this  point  is  shown  in 
the  tune  "  Divine  Love,"  set  to  the  hymn  com- 
mencing— 

^'  Love  divine,  all  love  excelling." 
The  Union  Tune-Booh  -was  published  about  twenty 
years  ago  (or  rather  my  copy  of  it),  and  inasmuch 
as  it  contains  nearly  four  hundred  compositions, 
it  may  be  taken  as  fairly  elucidating  the  question 
of  J.  F.  S.  But  I  believe  that  if  older  tune- 
books  are  referred  to  (such  as  Eavenscroft's  or 
Day's  Psalters,  not  to  name  others)  it  will  be 
found  that  the  tunes  bear  no  names,  but  are  dis- 
tinguished by  the  numbers  of  the  psalms  to  which 
they  are  put.  Many  tunes  are  still  known  by 
this  method.  (See  the  Old  Hundredth  Psalm,  the 
Old  Forty-first  Psalm,  and  many  others.)  Then 
there  is  the  "  Ten  Commandments  Tune,"  and  the 
like.  Considering  the  whole  question,  I  venture 
to  assert  (although  not  in  a  position  absolutely  to 
prove  the  theory)  that  the  naming  of  psalm  and 
hymn  tunes  came  into  use  and  was  in  fact  neces- 
sitated as  psalm  and  hymn-books  multiplied,  and 
tunes  in  like  measure  increased. 

There  is  a  point  connected  with  the  subject  that 
I  should  like  to  mention.  I  have  just  examined 
seven  different  tune-books  containing  the  tune 
"  Divine  Love,"  which  is  a  Gregorian  melody,  and 
find  it  imder  the  various  names  of  St.  Mildred, 
St.  John,  Daventry,  and  Florence.  It  is  more 
than  likely  that  by  extending  my  search  I  should 
find  it  under  as  many  more  names.  This  dupli- 
cate naming  of  tunes  is  little  short  of  a  fraud  upon 
the  public,  because  a  person  buying  a  book  with  a 
number  of  tunes  thus  renamed  is  deceived,  and 
instead  of  having  a  book  full  of  new  music,  has  a 
book  of  old  tunes  under  fresh  names.  This  is  an 
evil  that  leads  to  endless  confusion,  and  should  be 
at  once  remedied.  Compilers  who  wish  to  remedy 
it  can  easily  discover  the  means  of  doing  so. 

SijaLEKSEX  J.  Hyam. 


Psalm-tunes  were  originally  called  by  names  or 
titles  about  1620  to  distinguish  them  from  the 
old  set  fii-st  used,  when  the  tune  necessarily  be- 
longed to  the  words,  as  the  Hundredth  Psalm,  the 
only  one  of  that  set  remaining  in  common  use. 
These  names  were  supposed  to  designate  the  origin 
of  the  tune,  or  the  locale  of  the  author,  "  St. 
Davids  "  being  considered  a  Welsh  time,  "York  " 
a  northern  tune  ;  "  St.  James,"  composed  by  Cour- 
teville,  a  gentleman  of  the  Chapel  Eoyal;  and  in 
later  times  "  Wareham,"  composed  by  the  parish 
clerk  of  that  place. 

This  rule  has  of  late  j-ears  been  much  disre- 
garded— titles  conferred  indiscriminately ;  so  that 
it  is  very  possible  the  tune  called  ''  Cranbrook  " 
may  have  nothing  to  do  with  Kent.  T.  J.  B. 


PEE-DEATH  MONUMENTS, 
(3'''  S.  V.  255.) 

The  village  of  Aldermaston  lies  on  the  southern 
borders  of  the  county  of  Berkshire,  adjoining 
Hampshire,  and  not  far  from  the  famous  Roman 
town  at  Silchester  in  the  latter  county.  The 
church  of  Aldermaston  stands  within  the  park  of 
the  estate,  and  close  to  the  spot  where  formerly 
stood  the  fine  old  hall,  burnt  down  about  twenty- 
five  years  since.  Inside  this  church  is  the  ala- 
baster altar-tomb  of  Sir  George  Forster,  Knt, 
and  his  wife,  which  he  himself  caused  to  be  erected ; 
whereon  are  the  figures  of  a  knight  in  armour, 
and  his  lady  lying  by  him  in  the  dress  of  the 
times ;  and  on  the  sides  of  the  monument  are  the 
figures  of  eleven  sons  standing  in  armour,  and 
eight  daughters.  This  Sir  George  Forster  ac- 
quired the  estate  of  Aldermaston  by  marriage 
with  Elizabeth,  granddaughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Delamere,  Ivnt.  The  ancestor  of  Sir  George  was 
a  5'ounger  son  of  the  Forsters  of  Northumber- 
land. Humphrey  Forster,  sheriff"  of  Berkshire  in 
Edward  IV.'s  reign,  is  considered  by  Fuller  one 
of  the  worthies  of  that  shire.  Weaver,  in  his 
Funeral  Ilomanents,  states  he  was  buried  in  the 
chm-ch  of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  London, 
having  the  following  epitaph :  — 

"  Of  your  charity  pray  for  the  soul  of  Sir  Humphrey 
Forster,  Knt.,  whose  body  lies  buried  here  in  earth 
under  this  marble  stone  :  which  deceased  the  18">  of  Sep- 
tember, 1500.     On  whose  soul  Jesu  have  mercy." 

In  Henry  YIII.'s  reign,  another  Sir  Humphrey 
Forster,  Knt.,  was  sheritf  of  Berkshire  and  Oxford- 
shire.    Fuller  says  of  him  :  — 

"  He  bare  a  good  afFection  to  Protestants,  even  in  the 
most  dangerous  times.  Yea,  he  confessed  to  King  Henry 
the  Eighth  that  never  anything  went  so  much  against 
his  conscience,  which  under  his  Grace's  authority  he  had 
done,  as  his  attending  the  execution  of  three  poor  men 
martyred  at  Windsor." 

Anthony  Forster,  Esq.,  the  Tony  Foster  of 
Scott's  novel  of  KenilwoHh,  according  to  Ashmole 
belonged  to  the  same  family.  He  represented 
Abingdon  in  the  Parliaments  of  1571-72.  After 
the  dissolution  of  the  monastery  of  Abingdon,  he 
was  the  first  grantee  of  the  estate  of  Cumnor 
Place,  which  was  one  of  the  coimtry  seats  of  the 
abbots.  He  bequeathed  this  property  in  1672  to 
Robert,  Earl  of  Leicester.  Ashmole,  who  gives  a 
narrative  of  the  circumstances  connected  with  the 
murder  of  Amy  Robsart  at  Cumnor,  in  his  History 
of  Berkshire,  observes  :  — 

"  Forster  likewise,  after  this  fact,  being  a  man  formerly 
addicted  to  hospitality,  company,  mirth,  and  music,  was 
afterwards  observed  to  forsake  all  this  with  much  melan- 
choly and  pensiveness  (some  say  with  madness),  pined 
and  drooped  away." 

A  difference  of  opinion  has  existed  on  the  cha- 
racter of  Anthony  Forster.  Scott  and  Ashmole 
are  among  his  detractors.     The  inscription  on  his 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XI.  Jas.  12,  '67. 


monument  at  Ciminor  highly  extols  his  virtues. 
In  1859  was  published  — 

"  An  Inquiry  into  the  Particulars  connected  with  the 
Death  of  Amy  Kobsart  (Lady  Dudley)  at  Cumnor  Place, 
Berks,  September  8th,  1560 ;  being  a  Eefutation  of  the 
Calumnies  charged  a^'ainst  Sir  Robert  Dudley,  Anthony 
Forster,  and  others.     By  J.  T.  Pettigrew.     8vo." 

In  1711,  Sir  Humphrey  Forster,  Bart.,  died 
■without  issue ;  when  Aldermaston  descended  to 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  Lady  Stawell,  his  sister, 
and  William,  third  Lord  Stawell.  This  Charlotte 
was  married  to  Ralph  Congreve,  Esq.,  son  of 
Colonel  Ralph  Congreve,  Governor  of  Gibraltar 
in  1716.  Lord  Stawell  resided  almost  constantly 
at  Aldermaston.  His  insatiable  love  of  play  gave 
rise  to  the  local  proverb :  "  When  clubs  are 
trumps,  Aldermaston  House  shakes."  H.  C, 


GLASGOW. 
(3"i  S.  X.  330,  361,  397,  457.) 

C.  F.  D.  will  excuse  me  pointing  out  that  I 
never  stated  that  Norman-French  was  spoken  by 
the  Britons  of  Strathclyde.  I  referred  to  the 
later  period,  at  which  the  name  Lesmah^?<  was 
introduced,  as  a  corruption  of  Le  S.  Machutus. 
For  the  fact  that  Anglo-Saxon  and  Norman- 
French  are  the  root  of  the  names  of  churches  and 
parishes  in  the  Lowlands,  I  should  wish  no 
better  authority  than  the  Origines  Pai-ochiales  :  — 

"  But  more  important  still,  a  ne-\v  people  was  rapidly 
and  steadily  pouring  over  Scotland,  apparenth^  with  the 
approbation  of  its  rulers,  and  displacing  or  predominating 
over  the  native  or  old  inhabitants.  The  marriage  of 
Malcolm  Canmoir  with  the  Saxon  Princess  Margaret  has 
been  commonly  stated  as  the  cause  of  that  immigration 
of  Southerns.  But  it  had  begun  earlier,  and  many  con- 
curring causes  determined  a"t  that  time  the  stream  of 
English  colonization  towards  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland. 
The  character  of  the  movement  was  peculiar.  It  was 
not  the  bursting  forth  of  an  over-crowded  population 
seeking  wider  room.  The  new  colonists  were  what  we 
should  call  '  of  the  upper  classes '  of  Anglican  families 
long  settled  in  Northumbria,  and  Normans  of  the  highest 
blood  and  names.  They  were  men  of  the  sword,  above  all 
servile  and  mechanical  employment.  They  were  fit  for 
the  society  of  a  court,  and  became  the  chosen  companions 
of  our  princes.  The  old  native  people  gave  way  before 
them,  or  took  service  under  the  strong-handed  strangers. 
The  lands  these  English  settlers  acquired  they  chose  to 
hold  in  feudal  manner,  and  by  written  gift  of  the  sove- 
reign. .  .  Armed  with  it,  and  supported  by  law,  Norman 
knight  and  Saxon  thegn  set  himself  to  civilize  his  new 
acquired  property,  settled  his  vil  or  town,  &c." 

Mr,  Innes  adds  a  note  of  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant of  these  families,  which  might  be  largely 
increased  if  minor  proprietors  were  enumerated. 
Even  in  Lanarkshire  alone  we  have  the  Baillies, 
the  Chancellors,  the  Jardiues  or  Guardinos,  the 
Loccards  or  Lockharts,  the  Veres,  and  many  more. 

On  reading  D.  B.'s  note,  and  recalling  to  me- 
mory several  incidents  in  the  life  of  St.  Mungo, 
as  for  instance  that  of  the  fish  and  ring,  which 


appear  in  the  city  arms,  it  occurred  to  me  that, 
in  the  case  of  Glasgow  Cathedral,  there  had  been 
a  change  from  the  site  of  the  original  ecclesias- 
tical edifice  similar  to  that  which  we  know  took 
place  at  Sarum  and  at  Melrose  ;  and  this  I  find  is 
strongly  confirmed  by  the  Origines  Parochiales. 
The  see  of  Glasgow,  after  its  first  foundation  by 
St.  Mungo,  appears  to  have  been  destroyed,  and 
was  not  refounded  till  the  time  of  David  I.,  some 
centuries  later.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  struc- 
ture then  erected  occupied  the  site  of  the  present 
cathedral ;  but  the  question  is,  was  that  the  site 
of  the  wattled  edifice  of  St.  Mungo  ?  I  think  it 
was  not.  The  episcopal  burgli  which  grew  up 
naturally  round  the  cathedral  was  bounded  to- 
wards the  river  by  the  foot  of  the  High  Street, 
and  by  the  Gallowgate,  the  Trongate,  &c.,  while 
the  church  of  St.  Mungo  extra  muros,  or  Little  St. 
Mungo,  said  to  be  erected  on  the  spot  where  the 
saint  preached  to  King  Roderick,  lies  between 
these  boundaries  and  the  river. 

Principal  Macfarlane,  in  the  New  Statistical  Ac- 
coimt,  gives  another  derivation  which  has  not 
been  noticed :  — 

"  Perhaps  the  most  probable  conjecture  is  that  which 
derives  it  from  the  level  green  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 
for  many  ages  its  greatest  ornament.  Glas-achadh,  in 
Gaelic,  "pronounced  Glassaugh,  or  with  a  slight  vocal 
sound  at  the  termination,  Glasshaughii,  signifies  the  green 
field  or  alluvial  plain,  and  is  strictly  descriptive  of  the 
spot  in  question.  The  name  of  the  town,  as  usually  pro- 
nounced bv  HigUanders,  corresponds  closely  with  this 
derivation." 

The  quaint  and  amusing  book  to  which  JIr. 
Rankest  refers,  is  certainly  no  authority,  as  is  shown 
from  the  fact  that  it  places  the  Barony  parish  on 
the  south  bank  of  the  Clyde.  Bonshaw  is  in  Dum- 
fries, not  Lanarkshire,  and  was  held  in  1682, 
when  the  first  edition  of  the  Nomcndatura  was 
published,  by  James  Irving,  the  captor  of  CargiU. 
The  word  Abs,  however,  is  certainly  curious,  but 
I  believe  that  it  only  indicates  the  author's  claim 
to  be  a  descendant  of  the  Bonshaw  family.  It 
puts  me  in  mind  of  a  story  of  a  workman  of  the 
name  of  Lockhart,  who,  being  employed  in  some 
repairs  at  "  The  Lee,"  fell  oft'  a  ladder,  and  on 
being  picked  up,  declared  that  ''  Nae  bodie  could 
noo  deny  he  cam  off  the  house  of  Lee." 

George  Vere  Irving. 


I  have  had  much  pleasure  in  reading  the  further 
remarks  of  D.  B,  on  this  vexed  question.  Allow 
me  to  assure  him,  however,  that  in  mentioning 
Catlmres  and  Dcscku,  recorded  by  Joscelyn  of 
Furness  as  being  the  older  names  of  the  Glasghu 
of  his  day,  I  in  no  way  intended  to  imply  that  the 
last  named  was  connected  with  them  philologically, 
further  than  that  the  terminals  ghu  and  chu  pro- 
bably described  the  same  local  feature.  But 
these  older  names  were  worth  mentioning,  because 
their  existence  aftbrds  some  probability  that  they 


3"»  S.  XI.  Jan,  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


43 


were  given  by  tlie  Britons   of  Strathclyde,  and 
that  Glasghu  was  their  Gaelic  successor. 

I  am  happy  to  see  that  Mk.  Irving  has  come 
over  from  the  Norman-Freuch  to  the  Celtic.  His 
suggestion  that  the  British  gice,  a  ford,  may  be 
the  terminal  syllable  of  Glasghf,  is  well  worthy 
of  attention,  t  thinlc,  however,  that  the  analogy 
supplied  by  '^  Linlithgow/'  as  noted  by  D.  B., 
outweighs  it.  Me.  Ikving  objects  to  ccioch  and 
can,  suggested  by  D.  B.  and  myself,  that  it  bears 
only  the  meaning  of  "  a  bowl-shaped  hollow." 
This  is  not  borne  out  by  the  Dictionary  I  have 
consulted — the  important  one  published  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Highland  Society  of  Scotland, 
which  gives  caoch  as  an  adjective  only,  and  does 
not  limit  it  to  that  meaning. 

I  think,  before  quitting  this  now  well-ven- 
tilated subject,  it  is  worth  while  noting  another 
instance  of  analogy,  in  the  case  of  a  locality  in 
Aberdeenshire,  which  has  for  at  least  five  cen- 
turies borne  the  name  of  Glasgo,  Glasgow,  or 
Glasco,  in  which  last  form  it  appears  in  Gordon  of 
Straloch's  map  in  Blean's  Atlas.  It  was  in  the 
middle  ages  a  piece  of  forest-land,  of  no  great 
extent,  adjoining  the  forest  of  Kintore  on  the 
west,  and  the  forest  of  Tullich  on  the  east.  The 
forest  of  Skene  bounded  it  on  the  south.  "The 
forest  of  Glasgo,"  or  "  Glasco,"  (the  lands  are  still 
called  "  Glasgo-forest ")  lay  in  a  small  valley 
bounded  by  long  gradual  slopes  of  no  great  height, 
and  was  watered  by  two  or  three  small  brooks  too 
insignificant,  I  should  say,  for  any  crossing-place 
to  be  dignified  by  the  name  of  a  give  or  ford. 
The  valley  is  not  "  bowl-shaped,"  but  irregular ; 
and  one  of  its  slopes,  far  from  any  water,  bears 
the  quaint  name  of  Glasgo-ego,  or  ega,  which  good 
Gaelic  scholars  inform  me  signifies  "  the  slope  of 
the  green  hollow." 

The  quotation  given  by  Mr.  Eanken  from  the 
work  of  Christopher  Irvine  is,  of  course,  not  in- 
tended by  that  gentleman  to  be  treated  seriously. 
Many  so-called  traditions  and  derivations,  how- 
ever, not  one  whit  less  ludicrous,  have  been  handed 
down  from  the  Scottish  chroniclers,  heralds,  and 
family  historians  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuries,  and  are  accepted  as  matters  of  faith  by 
too  many  persons  whom,  from  their  education  and 
intelligence,  it  would  be  difficult  to  hoax  on  other 
subjects.  C.  E.  D. 

WASHINGTON. 

(3"»  S.  viii.  377,  &c.) 

In  the  Bev.  E.  C.  M'Guire's  Religious  Opinions 
and  Character  of  Washington,  and  in  the  article  of 
some  fourteen  pages  upon  the  same  subject  in 
Bishop  Meade's  Old  Churches  of  Virgiyiia  (Phila- 
delphia, 1857),  the  reader  will  probably  find  all 
that  can  now  be  known,  and  perhaps  all  that 
Washington  himself  ever  cared  that  the  world 


should  know,  of  his  religious  faith.  Of  his  re- 
verent piety  the  proof  is  overwhelming.  To  the 
point  of  the  inquiry  lately  started  in  j^our  pages, 
however  ("  Strange  point  and  new  ! "),  not  many 
expressions  coming  directly  from  himself  can  be 
found  more  pertinent  than  the  following :  — In  his 
address  in  1783  to  the  governors  of  the  States, 
when  about  to  resign  his  military  command,  he 
says,  speaking  of  the  many  blessings  of  the  land, 
"  and  above  all,  the  pure  and  benign  light  of 
revelation."  He  also  uses  the  words,  ''  that 
humility  and  pacific  temper  of  mind  which  were 
the  characteristics  of  the  divine  Author  of  our 
blessed  religion."  And  in  a  letter  to  Gen.  Nelson 
in  1778,  "  the  hand  of  Providence  is  so  conspi- 
cuous in  all  this,  that  he  must  be  worse  than  an 
infidel  that  lacks  faith." 

A  paper  in  his  own  handwriting,  quoted  in 
Sparks's  Life,  shows  that  he  was  one  of  the 
vestrymen  in  Fairfax  parish — the  church  being  in 
Alexandria,  and  the  same,  no  doubt,  as  the  one 
of  which  your  correspondent  in  3"*  S.  x.  441 
speaks;  and  the  name  "George  Washington"  also 
occurs  as  one  of  the  vestry  of  Truro  parish,  in  a 
deed  dated  in  1774,  cited  in  p.  226  of  the  second 
volume  of  Old  Churches. 

Was  he  a  communicant  of  the  church?  A 
portion  of  what  Bishop  Meade  says  upon  this 
question,  so  interesting  to  American  churchmen, 
is  well  worth  quoting  :  — 

"  It  is  certainly  a  fact  that  for  a  certain  period  of  time 
during  his  Presidential  term,  while  the  Congress  was  held 
in  Philadelphia,  he  did  not  commmie.  This  fact  rests  on 
the  authority  of  Bishop  White,  under  whose  ministry  the 
President  sat,  and  who  was  on  the  most  intimate  terms 
with  himself  and  Mrs.  Washington.  1  will  relate  what 
the  Bishop  told  myself  and  others  in  relation  to  it.  During 
the  session  or  sessions  of  Congress  held  in  Philadelphia, 
General  Washington  was,  with  his  family,  a  regular  at  • 
tendant  at  one  of  the  chuixbes  under  the  care  of  Bishop 
White  and  his  assistants.  On  Communion-days,  when 
the  congregation  was  dismissed  (except  the  portion  which 
communed),  the  General  left  the  church,  until  a  certain 
Sabbath  on  which  Dr.  Abercrombie  in  his  sermon  spoke 
of  the  impropriety  of  turning  our  backs  on  the  Lord's 
table — that  is,  neglecting  to  commune ;  from  which  time 
General  Washington  came  no  more  on  Communion-days." 

Bishop  Meade  adds,  "  a  regard  for  historic  truth. 
has  led  to  the  mention  of  this  subject ;"  and  he  is 
very  plainly  an  unwilling  witness.  Yet  it  is  really 
all  the  evidence,  pro  or  cmi,  he  has  to  ofier  in  the 
matter.  He  refers  indeed  to  the  tradition  of 
Washington's  having  once  communed  in  a  Pres- 
byterian church  (which  a  low  churchman  might 
consistently  do),  and  says  the  testimony  adduced 
to  prove  it  ought  to  be  enough  to  satisfy  a  reason- 
able man  of  the  fact.  I  have  heard  the  story 
before,  but  not  the  authority  for  it,  which  the 
bishop  does  not  give,  but  speaks  of  as  too  well 
known  for  repetition.  The  present  excellent  and 
venerable  Rector  of  Washington's  church  in  Phila- 
delphia (Christ  Church),  told  me  a  few  days  ago, 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"!  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67. 


that  lie  was  not  aware  of  anything  heyond  the 
inferences  of  Bishop  Meade  upon  the  afiirniative 
side ;  but  added,  that  there  were  no  lists  of  com- 
municants of  the  church  kept  in  those  days,  and 
the  fact  with  regard  to  Washington,  as  to  any 
other  individual,  would  be  difficult  of  proof. 

Washington's  charity  and  moderation  in  things 
religious  are  well  illustrated  in  his  reply,  when 
President,  to  an  address  of  the  Quakers  in  1789. 
He  says :  — 

"  The  liberh'  enjoyed  by  the  people  of  these  States,  of 
worshipping  Almighty  God  agreeably  to  their  consciences, 
is  not  only  amongst  the  choicest  of  their  blessings,  but 
also  of  their  rights.  While  men  perform  their  social 
duties  faithfully,  they  do  all  that  society  or  the  State  can 
with  propriety  expect  or  demand ;  and  remain  responsible 
only  to  their  Maker  for  the  religion  or  mode  of  faith 
which  they  may  prefer  or  profess." — Gilpin's  Exiles  hi 
Virginia,  Philadelphia,  18^18,  p.  237. 

THOiTAS  Stewardsok,  Jus". 
Philadelphia. 

Shelley's  "  Adonais"  (3'^  S.  x.  494)  —The 
phrase,  "  The  Pythian  of  the  age,"  is  evidently, 
from  the  fitness  of  the  allusion,  intended  to  apply 
to  Lord  Byron.  Moreover,  Shelley,  in  a  letter  to 
Leigh  Hunt,  published  in  that  author's  Lord 
Byron  and  some  of  his  Contemporaries,  1828,  says, 
"  Lord  Byron,  I  suppose  from  modesty  on  account 
of  his  being  mentioned  in  it,  did  not  say  a  word 
oi  Adonais ; '''  and  the  above  is  the  only  character 
in  the  poem  which  bears  any  marked  resemblance 
to  the  noble  bard  and  satirist.  With  regard  to  the 
persons  referred  to  in  stanzas  30  to  35, 1  think 
they  are,  1st,  Wordsworth,  "  The  Pilgrim  of  Eter- 
nity "  (see,  for  his  claim  to  that  title,  i7iter  alia, 
the  ode  on  ''Intimations  of  Immortality  ").  2nd, 
Moore,  "lernes  It/risty  3rd,  Shelley  himself,  "a 
pard-like  spirit ; "  spoken  of  depreciatingly  as  "  one 
of  less  note,"  yet  in  the  essential  spirit  of  natural 
egotism,  dwelt  upon  at  much  length  and  with  in- 
tense earnestness.  4th,  Severn,  the  artist,  in  whose 
arms  Keats  breathed  his  last. 

I  presume  that  it  has  sti-uck  many  readers  of 
Adanais  (though  I  do  not  remember  ever  to  have 
seen  or  heard  the  circumstance  noticed)  that  a  re- 
mai-kable  forecasting  of  Shelley's  o-^ti  fate  seems  to 
be  expressed  in  several  stanzas  of  that  poem ;  par- 
ticularly in  the  last  stanza,  where  even  the  mate- 
rial incident  by  which  he  perished  is  aUegorically 
represented.  It  will  also  be  recollected  that  when 
Shelley's  body  was  recovered,  after  the  disastrous 
event,  a  copy  of  one  of  Keats's  poems  was  found 
in  his  coat-pocket,  open,  as  if  at  the  place  where 
he  had  been  reading  it  when  the  sudden  rising  of 
the  storm  had  interrupted  him ;  and,  further,  that 
Shelley's  ashes  were  interred  in  the  same  burial- 
place  at  Rome  as  the  remains  of  Keats.  These 
facts  being  borne  in  mind,  Adonais  is,  apart  from 
its  poetic  excellence,  a  work  of  singular  interest. 

J.  W.  W. 


In  answer  to  C.  W.  M.'s  inquiry  as  to  who  are 
the  mourners  alluded  to  in  stanzas  30-35  of 
Adonais,  I  beg  leave  to  suggest  the  following  ex- 
planation. "  The  Pilgrim  of  Eternitj' "  is,  I  should 
say,  Byron,  justly  so  called  from  his  immortal 
Childe  Harolds  Pilgrimage.  Stanzas  31  evidently 
refers  to  Shelley  himself,  who  here  modestly  places 
himself  amongst  "  others  of  less  note."  I  am  not 
quite  clear  whether  the  remaining  three  stanzas 
refer  to  another  "  moimtain  shepherd,"  or  are  a 
continuation  of  stanzas  31 ;  I  should  say  the  latter, 
as  much  of  the  description  is  very  appropriate  to 
SheUey, — for  instance,  "  a  herd-abandoned  deer, 
struck  by  the  hunter's  dart,"  and  "his  branded 
brow,"  &c.  Stanzas  35  may  refer  either  to  Leigh 
Hunt  or  to  Charles  Cowden  Clarke,  most  probably 
the  latter,  because  Shelley  speaks  of  his  "  teaching 
the  departed  one,"  which  is  confirmed  by  Keats 
himself,  who,  in  his  poetical  address  to  C.  C. 
Clarke,  says, — 

"  You  first  taught  me  all  the  sweets  of  song." 
The  "  Pythian  of  the  age,"  in  stanzas  28,  is  evi- 
dently Byron.     The  above  are  only  conjectures, 
but  I  think  they  are  reasonable  ones. 

Joi^ATHAN  BOTJCHIER. 
5,  Selwood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 

"  Les  Ajstglois  s'amusaie:;?!  tkistemeis't  "  (3''^ 
S.  x.  147.)  — It  has  suddenly  occm-red  to  me  that 
the  passage  "Les  Anglois  s'amusaient  tristement " 
is  to  be  found  in  the  Memoirs  of  P.  de  Comines, 
where  he  relates  the  festivities  at  Amiens  after 
the  interview  between  Edward  IV.  and  Louis  XI. 
on  the  bridge  at  Picquigny-sur-Somme.  I  have 
not  a  copy  of  De  Comiues  to  refer  to,  but  if  your 
correspondent  Jatdee  has,  I  hope  and  think  he 
will  fiiid  what  he  is  seeking. 

Fred.  Chas,  WrLKiifsoN-. 

Lymington,  Hants. 

CHAiif  Oegax  (S--^  S.  xi.  11.)  —  Your  valued 
correspondent  Mr.  W.  H.  Hart,  and  Mr.  Kings- 
ton, well  known  for  his  ready  assistance  to 
the  numerous  searchers  at  the  Public  Record 
Office,  have  pointed  out  to  me  that,  in  the  Audi- 
tor's Privy  Seal  Book,  1636—1641,  no.  9,  folio 
26,  there  is  an  entry  of  the  warrant  to  Norgate, 
which  I  lately  communicated  to  you,  in  which 
the  words  "a  newe  chai«e  organ"  are  clearly 
written  "  a  newe  chaire  organ."  Mr.  Hart,  who 
is  as  well  skilled  in  music  as  he  is  in  records,  has 
also  informed  me  that  '•  chaire  "  was  at  that  time 
a  customary  spelling  of  "choire"  or  "choir." 
The  instrument  in  question  was  therefore  simply 
"a  choir  organ."  I  may  add  that  the  Rev.  J.  H, 
Coward,  incumbent  of  St.  Rennet's,  Paul's  Wharf, 
and  one  of  the  canons  of  St.  Paul's,  has  kindly 
promised  me  to  send  you  such  information  re- 
specting Xorgate's  burial  as  may  be  found  in  the 
register  of  his  church.  JoH3f  Brttce. 

Mr.  J.  Bruce  has,  no  doubt,  misread  the  word 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


in  the  extract  lie  has  sent  regarding  Edward  Nor- 
gate  and  the  new  choir  organ  at  Hampton  Court. 
When  I  was  one  of  the  children  of  the  Chapels 
Royal,  I  often  copied  music  in  the  organ  books, 
and,  in  all  the  old  ones,  the  choir  organ  is  fre- 
quently written  "  chair  "  or  "  chaire  "  organ.  So, 
also,  no  mention  was  made  of  what  we  now  term 
the  "  swell."  It  was,  in  the  days  of  two  hundred 
years  ago,  always  called  the  "  echo."  I  may  add 
that  a  "chair,"  or  as  we  term  it,  ''choir,"  organ 
used  to  be  enclosed  in  a  smaller  case  by  itself,  and 
was  placed  in  front  of  the  larger,  or  great,  organ. 
The  same  arrangement  holds  good  now,  in  the 
majority  of  cathedral  and  collegiate  churches. 
Many  parochial  churches  have  choir  organs  in 
front ;  and  the  new  instrument  erected  some  seren 
or  eight  years  since  by  Messrs.  Bevington,  in  St. 
Martins-in-the-Fields,  conforms  to  the  earlier 
practice.  The  organ  in  the  Chapel  Eoyal,  White- 
hall, was  repaired  some  sixty  or  seventy  years  ago, 
and  the  choir  organ  was  transferred  to  the  interior 
of  the  great  organ ;  but  so  essential  a  feature  was 
its  appearance,  that  the  front  was  allowed  to  re- 
main. Other  instances  of  sham  choir  organs  could 
he  mentioned,  but  would  only  encroach  upon  valu- 
able space.  Matthew  Cooee. 

In  aU  probability  this  is  simply  a  misprint  for 
chair  organ,  which  some  years  ago  was  the  desig- 
nation of  a  small  organ  placed  behind  the  seat  of 
the  organist,  and  on  which  he  often  sate ;  it 
might  therefore  have  been  called  his  chair,  though 
in  later  times  it  is  called  the  choir  organ.  I  did 
once  venture  to  suggest  that  these  two  organs, 
one  (the  great  organ)  in  front  of  the  player,  and 
the  other  behind  Jbim,  might  have  been  the  origin 
of  the  phrase,  a  ^j«iV  of  organs ;  but  I  was  met 
with  such  a  tempest  of  opposition,  that  I  was  fain 
to  shorten  sail.  However,  now  another  question 
has  arisen  as  to  imirs,  I  venture  to  creep  out  of 
my  hole.  A  pair  of  stairs  clearly  means  what 
workmen  call  a  dog-legged  staircase  :  one  half 
reaching  to  one  landing,  and  the  other  going  on 
to  the  top.  The  stairs,  at  least  before  the  intro- 
duction of  winders,  were  in  hco  equal  halves,  and 
formed  a  pair.  A  pair  of  scissors  has  tico  cutting 
blades ;  a  pair  of  bellows  has  tico  moveable  flaps ; 
a  pair  of  trousers  has  tioo  legs ;  in  fact,  a  j9«/r  of 
anything  involves  the  idea  of  duality.  Why  then, 
I  respectfully  ask,  does  not  a  indr  of  organs  mean 
an  instrument  divided  into  two  parts,  and  with 
two  rows  of  keys ;  a  great  and  a  choir  (or  perhaps 
in  older  phrase),  a  chair  organ  ?  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

OEAJfGE  Flowees,  A  Bride's  Decoeatiok"  (3'''^ 
S.  X.  290,  381.)  — This  is,  I  suspect,  a  modern 
custom.  The  orange,  indeed,  is  the  golden  apple 
of  Hesperides,  is  eminent  amongst  fruits  for  its 
prolific  qualities  as  well  as  for  its  healing  virtues, 
but  its  employment  at  weddings  does  not  appear 


to  have  been  an  ancient  custom.  I  should  think 
it  a  fashion  set  by  French  milliners^  and  selected 
for  its  beauty  rather  than  for  any  symbolical  rea- 
son, since  as  a  modern  invention  it  is  not  to  be 
traced  to  those  times  when  symbolism  was  rife. 
The  iatroduction  of  the  orange  into  England  is 
subsequent  to  the  days  of  chivalry. 

JrxTA  Tueeim:. 

Hoese-Chesnui  (3"1  S.  x.  523.) — If  your  cor- 
respondent W.  will  examine  the  bark  of  the  stem 
or  branch  of  a  horse-chesnut  tree  from  which  the 
stalk  bearing  the  leaves  has  fallen  in  autumn,  he 
will  see  a  very  perfect  representation  of  a  horse- 
shoe having  the  naih  evenly  and  distinctly  marked 
on  either  side.  This  information  may  guide  him 
in  his  search  for  the  derivation  of  the  English, 
name  of  the  tree. 

Query,  Is  chesnid  or  chestmd  correct?    W.  W. 

["  Chestnut  is  frequently,  but  not  so  properly,  -written 
chesnut.'' — Richardson.  ] 

Betting  (S'"^  S.  x.  448.)  —  I  have  heard  from  a 
well-known  Yorkshire  squire  the  expression  that 
the  test  of  a  man's  opinion  was  a  wager. 

L.  L.  H. 

Colonel  J.  E.  Jackson  (3'1  S.  x.  449.)  — 
Colonel  Julian  .Tackson,  F.R.S.,  died  March  16,. 
1853.  {Gentlcinaii's  Magazine,  1853,  xxxix.  562 ; 
Journal  of  Royal  Geographical  Society,  1853,  xxiii. 
p.  Ixxi.)  L.  L.  H. 

Bishop  Haee's  Pamphlet  (3''<i  S.  x.  513.)  — 
Beutley's  Remarks  on  the  Essay  on  Freethinhing^ 
was  first  published  in  1713,  and  inscribed  to  Hare, 
who  thanked  the  author  in  a  letter  entitled  "  The 
Clergyman's  Thanks  to  PhUeleutherus."  Soon 
afterwards  the  rupture  between  the  two  writers 
occm-red,  and  in  the  subsequent  editions  of  the 
Remarks  Bentley  consequently  suppressed  the  in- 
scription to  Hare,  which  accounts  for  its  absence 
in  Mr.  King's  edition  of  1725.  The  very  high 
opinion  which  Warburton  expressed  of  Hare  as  a 
critic  is  worthy  of  notice  :  —  "Go  to  the  study  of 

the  best  critics above  all  Dr.  Bentley  and 

Bishop  Hare,  who  are  the  greatest  men,  in  this 
way,  that  ever  were."  (Rev.  W.  Warburton  to 
Rev.  W.  Green,Xichols's  Illustrations  of  Literature^ 
ir.  852.)    ■  H.  P.  D. 

Amatetje  Hop-picking  (3"1  S.  x.  352,  422.)_— 
Hop-picking  is  a  favourite  diversion,  both  for  ricb 
and  poor.  At  Wateringbury  last  season  some  ladies 
of  my  acquaintance  employed  themselves  some 
hours  daUy,  the  farmer  putting  a  bin  on  purpose 
for  them,  and  the  ladies  receiving  their  pay  the 
same  as  the  poor.  As  for  the  poor,  it  is  not  im- 
common  for  a  mistress  to  come  down  to  breakfast 
and  find  her  maid  has  decamped,  losing  her  place, 
and  perhaps  her  character,  rather  than  forego  five 
or  six  weeks'  hop-picking.  As  for  its  health- 
restoring  power,  no  doubt  exists  on  that  point.     I 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XI.  Jan.  12,  '67. 


know  a  person  at  Wateringbuiy  whose  sister  is  very 
delicate,  and  lie  assures  me  that  her  appetite  and  | 
general  health  always  improve  during  hop-pick-  ) 
ing,  and  that  the  same  benefit  does  not  obtain  j 
from  filbert,  apple,  or  cherry-picking ;  and  he  also  \ 
tells  me  that  mauy  respectable  people  come  from  j 
London  every  hop-picking  for  their  health.  The 
farina  of  the 'hop  has  a  most  delightful  aroma,  and 


a  set.  Originally  pair  was  not  confined  to  two 
things,  but  was  applied  to  any  number  oi pares,  or 
equal  things,  that  go  together.  Ben  Jonson  speaks 
of  a  ^jfaV  (set)  of  chessmen ;  also,  he  and  Lord 
Bacon  speak  of  ajiair  (pack)  of  cards.*  A  "  j)air 
of  stairs  "  was,  in  like  manner,  the  original  expres- 
sion, as  given  by  the  earlier  lexicographers,  by 
Howell,  &c.,  and  is  still  in  popular  use,  though 


tincture  is  used  as  medicine.     The  celebrated  i  flight  was  also  introduced  at  a  later  period.      Vide 


Dr.  Willis  obtained  great  reputation  and  success 
by  prescribing  a  pillow  stuffed  with  hops  for  his 
Majesty  George  the  Third  to  rest  his  royal  head 
upon  when  he  suffered  from  sleeplessness  andwant 
of  appetite.  "" 

Maidstone. 

Coypel's  Medaxs  (3''*  S.  x.  311.)  —  Antoine 


F.  F. 


Webster's  Dictionary. 
Heidelberg. 


J.  C.  Hahx,  Ph.D. 


Dab  (3'*  S.  x.  431.)— The  word  dah  for  an  ex- 
pert workman  is  common  about   Paisley,  and  I 
believe  throughout  Scotland  ;  at  the  same  time  it 
is  a  low  word.     It  is  not  used  by  Burns,  who  was 
generally  particular  in  excluding  vulgar  words 

Coypel  (b.  1661,  d.  1722)  made  the 'drawb^rfor     ^^"^  ^^^  ^"".'^P'''^^?^^'  h^.^^.^i_^*.^!'l?y  *^^ 


the  reverses  of  286  medallions,  representing  the 
principal  events  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV.,  the 
publication  of  which  was  entrusted  to  the  Royal 
Academy  of  ^Medals  and  of  Inscriptions.  This  work 
was  first  published  in  folio,  the  engravings  of  the 
medals  varying  in  size.  In  1792  a  quarto  edition 
was  issued  from  the  royal  printing  press,  in  which 
it  was  not  considered  necessary  to  repeat  the  head 
to  each  reverse,  but  to  limit  them  to  the  first  me- 
dallion of  each  of  the  King's  different  ages  (eight  [ 
in  number).  The  medallions  in  this  edition  were 
engraved  of  a  uniform  size,  with  a  letterpress 
setting  forth  the  historical  fact  to  be  represented, 
and  explaining  each  medallion  in  detail. 

^  ^  H.  F.  H. 

Clapham  Park. 

Pews  (3"*  S.  x.  497.)  —Mk.  William  Blades 
is  misled  by  the  modern  use  of  the  word  pew. 
Originally  it  meant  simply  a  seat,  and  was  pro- 
bably a  corruption  of  the  French  appui,  a  stay  or 
support.  In  post-reformation  times,  when  enclosed 
seats  were  introduced,  the  same  word  was  used  as 
before.  If  enclosed  seats  had  been  used  prior  to 
the  Reformation,  some  of  them  no  doubt  would 
still  exist,  and  could  be  recognised  by  the  peculiar 
mouldings,  &c.  of  the  period.  But  there  are  none 
such.  Until  the  Reformation  seats  of  any  kind 
were  exceptional  in  churches,  and  appear  to  have 
been  first  introduced  for  the  benefit  of  women. 

P.  E.  M. 

Thomas  Meadows  (3"1  S.  x.  494.)— Thomas 
Meadows,  who  published  in  1805  Thespian  Glean- 
ings, &c.,  died  in  1807.  ISIr.  Meadows,  the  per- 
former, made  his  first  appearance  at  Covent  Garden 
in  1821 ;  he  is  still  Hviug.  D.  M. 

Barnes. 

A  Pair  or  Staies  (3"»  S.  x.  393,  456.)  —  Stair 
is  derived  from  A.-S.  stceger,  from  A.-S.  and 
O.  H.-G.  stigan,  to  ascend,  rise.  A  ^jrtiV  of  stairs 
is  a  set  or  flight  of  stairs ;  a  legitimate  expression, 
pair  in  this  phrase  having  its  ancient  meaning  of 


poet  Fergusson,  whose  fate  Burns  lamented  so 
feelingly.  In  answer  to  a  poetical  epistle  sent 
him  from  Berwick-on-Tweed,  Fergusson  opens 
with  the  following  verse  :  — 

"  I  trow,  my  mettled  Louthian  lathie, 
Auldfarran  birky  I  maun  ca'  thee, 
For  when  in  gude  black  prent  I  saw  thee 

Wi'  souple  gab, 
I  skirl'd  fa'  loud, '  Oh  !  wae  befa'  thee. 

But  thou'rt  a  dab.'  " 
There  is  no  mistaking  the  sense  in  which  the 
I  poet  uses  the  word,  as   he  is  pleased  with  the 
j  epistle,  and  conveys  his   earnest  thanks  to  the 
writer.     Strange  I  do  not  find  the  word  in  Jamie- 
son's  Scottish  Dictionarij,  yet  the  Scottish  ■  poets 
were  a  mine  of  wealth  to  him  when  compiling  his 
work.  Wm.  MacKean. 

Dap  is  no  doubt  the  original,  or  an  abbreviated 
form  of  dapper,  which  is  the  same  word,  although 
with  an  altered  signification,  as  Dan.  and  Sw. 
tapper;  Dwich,  dapper ;  Germ.,  tapfer ;  signifying 
brave,  valiant.  J.  C.  'Hahn,  Ph.D. 

Heidelberg. 

Bad  Manjters  (3"*  S.  x.  409.) — "  I  am  sorry  to 
see,"  says  Mr.  Fitzhopken's,  "that  bad  manners 
continue,"  &c.  The  story  mentioned  by  him  has 
been  told  of  Dr.  S.  Johnson :— The  worthy  Doctor 
being  nearly  blind,  could  probably  not  find  the 
sugartongs,  and  so  helped  himself  with  those 
nature  had  given  him,  viz.,  his  fingers.  The  lady 
of  the  house,  horrified  at  such  a  breach  of  good 
manners,  rang  the  bell  for  John  Thomas  to  throw 
away  the  contaminated  sugar.  Johnson,  ajypa- 
renthj  unconscious  of  his  culpability  thus  sharply 
pointed  out  to  him,  quietly  continued  to  sip  his 
tea,  and  then,  to  the  great  dismay  of  the  lady, 
threw  both  cup  and  saucer  into  the  fire,  or  out  of 
the  window,  saying, — "I  must  naturally  suppose, 
madam,  that  you  would  not  think  of  again  using  a 
cup  which  has  touched  my  lips."     '™'"-"  *^''°  "'^^ 


Were  this  not 


*  "  Fasciculus  foliorum,  a  pair  of  cards,"    Higins  and 
Fleming's  Nomencl. 


3'd  S.  XL  Jan.  12,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


"line  question  de  sucre  "  it  might  be  termed  "  tlie 
hitter  bit^  or  the  liter  hit."  P.  A.  L, 

William  Prestok,  M.R.I.A.  (S-^"  S.  x.  412.) 
Abhba  may  be  glad  to  be  referred  to  Hardy's 
Memoirs  of  James  Earl  of  Charlemont,  2nd  edition, 
1812,  i.  408-10,  for  some  interesting  particulars  of 
Mr.  Preston  and  his  patriotic  and  accomplished 
patron.  A  characteristic  letter  of  Horace  Walpole 
(Lord  Orford)  is  included,  and  a  foot-note  adds, — 

"  This  ingenious  and  excellent  man,  Mr.  Preston,  is 
now  no  more.  He  died,  truly  lamented,  in  February', 
1807.  A  great  intimacy  subsisted  between  Lord  Charle- 
mont and  Iiim." 

B.  E.  S. 

Bucket  Chain  (S^^  S.  x.  411.)— Old  stories  tell 
lis  when  the  lower  orders  quarrelled  and  wished 
to  separate,  as  it  was  a  difficult  thing  to  carry  out 
a  divorce  a  tlioro  when  there  was  only  one  bed  in 
the  house,  the  custom  was  to  raise  a  barrier  be- 
tween the  conflicting  parties  by  putting  some 
separation  into  the  bed  itself.  So  the  carpenter 
in  the  old  story  puts  a  log  of  wood,  and  the 
fiddler  his  violin  case,  between  himself  and  his 
wife.  Probably  the  meaning  of  the  advertisement 
is  that  there  was  a  quasi  separation,  and  the  hus- 
band would  not  be  answerable  for  the  wife's  debts. 

A.  A. 
Poets'  Corner. 

BoLET  (3'^''  S.  X.  473.)  —  There  is  a  spot  in  the 
Marshes  east  of  London  called  Boley  Mead,  or 
Bully  Mead.  It  originally  belonged  to  the  Tem- 
plars whose  preceptories  were  often  called  Beau- 
lieu,  or  de  Bello  Loco.  Can  your  correspondent 
find  out  whether  this  order  had  any  property'  near 
the  spot  alluded  to  ?  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Debe^-ttjkes  {^^^  S.  X.  501.)  —  If  your  corre- 
spondent will  consult  Cowell's  Laiu  Dictionary  he 
will  see  that  this  phrase  was  first  used  to  desig- 
nate a  sort  of  E.xchequer  bills  provided  for  the 
payment  of  the  army  by  the  parliament  about 
1649.  The  sturdy  old  lawyer  calls  it  a  "  Rump 
Act."  The  passage  is  too  long  to  quote,  but  the 
reference  is  curious.  xV.  A, 

Poets'  Corner. 

The  Dawson  Family  (3^"  S.  xi.  20.)  — Until  I 
saw  Mr.  Foss's  note  and  the  "  extract  from  a  local 
paper,"  I  was  afraid  to  make  a  suggestion  as  to  the 
name  Davison.  But  I  may  now  say  that  having 
referred  to  the  list  at  the  end  of  Blome's  Sritamiia, 
1673,  of  "  nobility  and  gentry  which  are  or  lately 
were  related  unto  the  county  of  Northumberland," 
I  had  there  found  "  Mr.  Timothy  Davison  of  Neio- 
castle,  Merch."  And  in  the  list  for  Durham  I  find 
'^  Ralph  Davison  of  Laiton,  Esq.,"  "  William  Davi- 
son of  Thornhy,  Esq."  I  am  so  much  a  stranger 
to  these  counties  that  I  cannot  have  any  opinion 
of  my  ovm.  But  after  Mr.  Foss's  note  and  the 
interesting  detail  given  in  the  local  paper,  there  can 


hardly  be  a  doubt  that  the  first  name,  "  Timothy 
Davison,"  is  one  of  the  Dawsons.  Now  that  New- 
castle antiquaries  are  aware  of  the  existence  of 
Dawson's  monument,  I  hope  they  will  recollect 
that  it  is  near  a  third  danger  from  rebuilding,  is 
suffering  greatly  from  weather — as  shown  by  the 
very  pardonable  hesitation  of  Lwin  F.  as  to  the 
femme  coat — and  may  be  now  saved. 

Will  the  writer  of  the  article  in  the  "  local 
paper  "  say  what  is  the  name  of  the  wife ;  her 
arms  being,  as  I  said  (p.  21),  a  fesse  engrailed  be- 
tween three  wyverns'  or  dragons'  heads  erased. 
Our  united  notes  will  then  complete  the  informa- 
tion necessary  for  any  future  account  of  the  Ken- 
sington monuments,  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells, 

Baptism  (3"^''  S.  x.  509.)  — I  believe  that  the 
Swedenborgian  sect  uses  the  form  "  I  baptise  thee- 
in  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus." 

Wm.  Chandler  Heald. 

Ancient  Chapel  (S^^  S.  x.  340,  383,  425,  518.) 
Add  a  beautiful  Norman  one  at  Postlip  Hall,  in- 
the  Cotswold  Hills,  near  Cheltenham ;  both  chapel 
and  hall  degraded  to  base  uses.  The  ivy-mantled 
ruins  of  another  stand  in  the  garden  of  GifFord's 
Hall,  Stoke-by-Nayland,  Suffolk.  The  interest- 
ing remains  at  Ludlow  Castle  may  also  be  cited, 
as  well  as  those  in  the  ruins  of  Goodrich  Castle, 
Herefordshire.  W.  J.  Bernhard  Smith. 

Temple. 

"  MijRDER  WILL  OUT  "  {^'^  S.  X.  618.)— It  is  not 
at  all  likely  that  Chaucer  originated  this  phrase.  It 
has  all  the  appearance  of  a  colloquial  saying,  as  little 
belonging  to  Chaucer  as  to  Shakspeare,  who  makes 
Launcelot  Gobbo  {Merchant  of  Venice,  Act  II, 
Sc.  2)  say,  "  Truth  will  come  to  light ;  mvrcler 
cannot  he  long  hid,  a  man's  son  mav;  but,  in  the 
end,  truth  will  out."  '       C.  A.  W. 

May  Fair, 

Dessein's  Hotel  (2>'"^  S,  x.  509.)— I  would 
refer  J.  Ln.  to  Mr,  Percy  Fitzgerald's  Life  of 
Steiiw  (vol.  ii,  p.  281—289)  for  a  history  of  the 
changes  through  which  the  famous  hotel  has 
passed  since  the  visit  of  Mr.  Yorick.  At  the  date 
of  Mr.  Fitzgerald's  writing,  an  advertisement  had 
lately  appeared  in  Bradshaw's  Continental  Grtide, 
stating  that  the  premises  of  the  old  Hotel  Dessein 
had  been  purchased  by  the  town  of  Calais,  and 
that  it  had  ceased  to  be  a  hotel  for  travellers. 
The  transformation  into  a  museum  has  probably 
taken  place  since  the  publication  of  this  memoir. 

Apropos  of  Sterne,  I  lately  picked  up  at  a  book- 
stall a  copy  of  Tristram  Shandy  in  the  original 
nine-volume  duodecimo  form.  The  last  three 
volumes  are  first  editions,  and  the  seventh  and 
ninth  contain  Sterne's  signature  on  the  first  page. 
Are  these  first  editions,  with  the  autograph, 
scarce  ?  Alfred  Ainger. 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Si-i  S.  XI.  Jak.  12,  '67. 


Miictllmtaus. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 
The  Tenures  of  Kent.     Bij  Charles  J.  Elton,  late  Fellow 
of  Queen's  College,  Oxford ;  and  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Bar- 
rister-at-Law.     (Parker.) 

If  Mr.  Elton  be  correct  in  his  statement,  and  it  is 
quite  obvious  that  he  speaks  with  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  subject,  that  the  number  of  cases  continually  in- 
creases in  Kent  in  which  a  doubt  as  to  the  tenure  pre- 
vents any  free  dealing  with  the  land,  it  is  evident  that  a 
work  like  the  present,  which  shall  enter  fully  into  the 
important  subject  of  the  Tenures  of  Kent,  must  be  one  of 
special  value  and  importance  to  Kentish  Proprietors,  and 
of  special  interest  to  Kentish  Antiquaries,  and  deserve 
the  attention  of  all  who  study  the  old  law  generally.  An 
enumeration  of  the  contents  of  the  several  chapters  will 
show  how  various  are  the  tenures  in  question,  and  the 
points  on  which  information  will  be  found  in  Mr.  Elton's 
handsome  volume.  The  chapters,  which  are  sixteen  in 
number,  are  devoted  to  The  Limits  of  Gavelkind  in  Kent ; 
Tenures  in  Kent  before  the  Conquest ;  Gavelkind  ;  The 
Norman  Conquest;  The  Domesday  Survey;  Tenure  in 
Burgage ;  Ancient  Demesne ;  Tenure  by  Barony,  by  Cas- 
tleguard  ;  Tenures  by  Sergeanty ;  Tenure  in  Francal- 
moigne ;  Tenure  by  Knight  Service  ;  Tenure  in  Socage  ; 
Disgavelled  Lands.  A  Table  of  Cases ;  List  of  Lands  held 
by  ancient  Knight  Service  in  Kent,  and  an  Index,  com- 
plete the  book;  which  is  appropriately  dedicated  to 
Earl  Stanhope,  a  large  landowner  in  Kent,  and  President 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

The  Rob  Roy  on  the  Baltic.  A  Canoe  Cruise  through 
Norway,  Sweden,  Denmark,  Sleswig,  Holstein,  the  North 
Sea,  and  the  Baltic.  By  J.  MacGregor,  M.A.  With 
numerous  Illustrations,  Maps,  and  Music.  (Sampson 
Low.) 

The  Rob  Roy,  a  new  canoe  built  for  the  purpose,  in 
this  voyage,  if  she  did  not  visit  fresh  fields  and  pastures 
new,  dashed  into  salt  water,  sailed  over  inland  seas  and 
groped  among  foggv  islands,  as  the  reader  will  find 
pleasantly  told  in  the  log  which  Captain  MacGregor  has 
kept  in  the  chatty  and  genial  spirit  for  which  his  former 
volume  was  distinguished. 

The  Toilers  of  the   Sea.    By  Victor  Hugo.     Authorised 
English  Translation.     By   W.  Moy  Thomas.     Two  Il- 
lustrations by  Gustave  Dore'.     (Sampson  Low.) 
This  new  and  cheaper  edition  of  Victor  Hugo's  power- 
ful story  has  the  additional  attraction  of  two  masterly 
illustrations  from  the  apparently  inexhaustible  pencil  of 
Gustave  Dore. 

Meteors,  Aerolites,  and  Falling  Stars,  by  T.  L.  Phipson. 
With  numerous  Illustrations.  (L.  Reeve  &  Co.) 
A  histoiy  of  falling  stars,  written  on  the  model  of 
Arago's  celebrated  Notice  sur  le  Tonnerre,  is  a  well-timed 
volume,  interesting  to  those  who  witnessed  the  pheno- 
mena of  the  13th  November  last,  and  instructive  to  those 
who  propose  to  watch  for  the  meteoric  showers  which  may 
be  looked  for  on  the  11th,  12th,  and  13th  of  November 
next. 

Literary  Activity  of  the  Year  186G.— It  appears, 
from  The  Bookseller,  that  during  the  past  year  there  have 
appeared  4,204  new  books  and  new  editions  :— Religious 
books  and  pamphlets,  849  ;  Biographical  and  Historical, 
194  ;  Medical  and  Surgical,  160 ;  Poetry  and  the  Drama, 
232  ;  Novels,  390 ;  Minor  Fiction  and  Children's  Books, 
544  •  Travels,  Topography,  and  Geography,  195  ;  Annuals 
and  Serials  (volumes  only),  225  ;  Agriculture,  Horticul- 
ture, &c.,  64;  English  Philology  and  Education,  196; 
European  and  Classiqal  Philology,  and  Translation,  161 ; 


Law,  84  ;  Naval,  Military,  and  Engineering,  39 ;  Science, 
Natural  History,  &c.,  147;  Trade  and  Commerce,  79; 
Politics  and  Questions  of  the  Day,  167 ;  Illustrated  Works, 
85 ;  Art,  Architecture,  (fee,  34 ;  Miscellaneous,  not  clas- 
sified, 359.     Total,  4204. 


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dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 
The  Reliqcary.    Complete. 

CoLLECTA.-«Em   AntiQC^. 

Abch^olooia.    Vols.  I.  to  XI.    4to. 
Hewitt's  Ancient  Armook  and  Weapons.    3  Vols. 
Dublin  Review.    (Old  or  New  Series.)    Complete  or  odd  Nos. 
Wanted  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Kelly,  8,  Grafton  Street,  Dublin. 


New  Tunes  to  Wesley's  Hvmns,  by  Dr.  Miller  and  W.  E.  Miller. 
Tlie  advertiser  will  be  glad  to  purchase  any  Tune  Books  of  the  last 
century  which  he  may  not  possess. 

Wanted  by  Eev.  H.  Parr,  Campsall  Vicarage,  Doncaster. 


CAMBftiDOE  Edition  of  Shakspebe.    (Second-hand  copy.') 
Wanted  by  Mr.  Ifoble,  Bookseller,  Inverness. 

Gouoh's  Sepolchral  Mondments.    5  Vols. 

Ottley's  History  of  Enobavinq.    2  Vols,    Large  paper. 

Crdikshank's  Omnibus. 

Ashmole's  Berkshire.    3  Vols.    Large  paper. 

Jorbock's  Jaunts.    Plates  by  Leech.  ^, 

Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature.    6  Vols.  8V0,   1817.    TTnbOuna. 

BuRNs's  Poems.    First  edition.    Kilmarnock. 

Bees.    Any  early  works  on  this  subject. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Thomas  Beet,  Bookseller.  15,  Conduit  Street, 
Bond  Street,  London,  W. 


Notes  . 


>  Queries.    Vol.  VII.    First  Series. 
Wanted  by  Major  Fishwick,  Carr  Kill,  Rochdale. 


^atittS  ta  Corrc^pouUettW. 

The  Genebal  Index  to  our  last  volume  will  be  issued  with  "  N.  &  Q." 
of  Saturday  next,  the  19(ft  imtant. 

Jaydee.  SovereTcim,  Double  Sovereigns  and  Half  Sovereigns  were 
coined  by  Henry  VIII.    See  Akerman's  Numismatic  Manual,  p.  332. 

K  P  D.  E.  The  pedigree  of  the  Skinners  of  Thornton,cq.  Lincoln,  is 
printed  in  Joseph  Hunter's  Sheaf  of  Gleanings  after  Biographers  of 
Milton,  8vo,  1850. 

M.  M.  Christopher  Saxton's  Maps  of  England  and  Wales  arecer- 
tcdnlv  rare,  and  a  perfect  set  would  probably  fetch  81.  or  101.  See  Bohns 
Lowndesrp.  2197,  ani  Ames's  Typographical  AntiauiUes,  by  Herbert, 
iii.  1649— 52.  .        , 

Gbeystejl.  Some  conjectural  ef ;?'«:J«<''o««X  <'f.  t"■ii"?^2  ■  v  fS" 
like  a  Cheshire  cat,"  may  be  found  m     N.  &  Q.     1st  b.  u.  412 ;  v.  402  , 

^\J,T  V  The  transactions  between  James  andCutlihert  Burbadge_  and 
r^f^  Allen  havebeenfullv  stated  by  Mr.  J.  Jf.  Colli,  r  vi  the  Memoirs  of 
SePrincioal  Actors  in  the  Plays  of  Shakspeare,  8vo,  184«.  and  in  the 
Shakspeare  Society  Papers,  vol.  iv.  pp.  63-70,  both  published  by  the 
Shakspeare  Society. 

Dutch  Custom.  3{r.  J.  H.  Ueid  complains  that  Mr.  Carttar's  ex- 
„;a«Xn  (aS?"  p.  27)  is  taken  loithout  any  acknowledgment  from 
Provost  Chambers'  Tom  in  Holland. 

C.  T.    It  was  Margare^Roper-^^  .^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^ 
Her  murdered  father's  head." 

FiTZHoPKiNS  will  find  an  account  of  the  correspondence  respecting 
'^TheWildMenof  Jesso"  in  The  Times  of  Dec.  2i. 

Arthur  Ooilvy  will  find  many  curious  particulars  of  tteTradescant 
Family  in  our  1st  S.  vols.  iU.  iv.  v.  vh.  and  viu. 

"Notes  &  Queries"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad, 

■R.o,,.  riiRE  of  Severe  Cold  by  Dr.  Locock's  Pulmonic  "Wafers. 
"To  Mr    wfnnall.  Bookseller,  108,  High  Street,  Birmingham  :  I  had 

llfETALLIC  PEN  MAKER  TO  THE  QUEEN. 

VI      TOciFPH  GILLOTT  respectfully  directs  the  attention  ot  the 
C^!5imi°eL7pu\w  of  all  ^lo  use  Steel  P^^^^ 
excellence  of  his  productions   wh^chfo^^^^^^ 

^Sl.^"o"f ^ve^'  DeTl^f'i^n^l'{w{rld^  at  the  Works 

Graham   Street,  Birmingham;  91,  John  btieet,  JMCW    lors.,   auu. 

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gt  llcMiim  af  ^iwtnmmmmim 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC, 

"  "Wlien  foun;:!,  make  a  note  of."  —  Captain  Cuttle. 


No.  264. 


Saturday,  January  19,  1867. 


f  \7itli  Index,  price  lOd. 
(.Stamped  Edition,  lid. 


Now  ready,  in  crcnvn  4 to,  -with  Portrait,  price  IGs.  cloth, 
QOME  ACCOUNT  of  the  LIFE  and  OPINIONS 
O  of  a  FIFTK-MOXAECHY  MAX,  chiefly  extracted 
from  the  Writings  of  John  EoGKr.s,"  Preacher.  Edited 
by  Rev.  E.  Kogeks,  M.A.  Student  of  Ch.  Ch.  Oxford. 

London  :  LONGMANS,  GUEEI-T,  and  CO..  Paternoster  Korr. 

Becker's  ciiakicles  and  gallus,  new  editions. 
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nHARICLES ;  or,  Illustrations  of  the  Private 
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i.-ursuses.  By  Prof.  W.  A.  Beciceu.  Translated  by  the 
Rev.  F.  Metcalfe,  M.A. 

By  the  same  Translator,  uniformly  printed,  price  7s.  Cd. 

BECKER'S  GALLUS  ;  or.  Roman  Scenes  of  the 
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London  :  LONGIIANS,  GREEN,  and  CO.,  raternosler  Row. 


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ST.  JOHN'S  GOSPEL— AUTHENTICITY. 

In  Reply  to  Correspondent  P.  F.  31.,  "  X.  &  Q."  Jan.  5. 
TN  KITTO'S    CYCLOPiEDIA    OF    BIBLICAL 

X  LITEKATimE,  new  edition,  just  published,  the  article  en  the 
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ner : —  1.    Ge>U]>K>KSS.— 2.     IaTEGRITV.— 3.     DjJSIGN.— 4.    C".NTE,\Ti.  — 5. 

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WHAT  WILL  THIS    COST  TO  PRINT; 
An  immediate  ansv 
Types,  with  information 
tion  to 

R.  BARRETT  &  SONS,  13,  Mark  Lane,  London. 


ATOTHING  IMPOSSIBLE.— The  greatest  and 

1^^  most  useful  invention  of  the  day,  AGUA  AMARELLA-Messrs. 
JOHN  GOSNELL  &  CO.,  Red  Bull  Wharf,  93,  Upper  Thames  Street 
{late  Three  King  Court,  Lombard  Street),  perfumers  to  Her  Majesty,  re- 
spectfully offer  to  the  public  this  truly  marveUous  fluid ,  which  gradually 
restores  the  human  hair  to  its  pristine  hue— no  matter  at  what  age. 
The  Agua  Amarella  has  none  of  the  properties  of  dyes  ;  it,  on  the  con- 
trary, is  beneficial  to  the  system,  and,  when  the  hair  is  once  restored, 
one  application  per  month  will  keep  it  in  perfect  colour.  Pnce  one 
guiuea  per  bottle  ;  half  bottles,  10s.  6rf.  Testimonials  from  artistes  of 
the  highest  order,  and  from  individuals  of  undoubted  respectability, 
maybe  inspected.  Messrs.  Jno.  Gosnell  and  Co.  have  been  appointed 
perfumers  to  H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales. 


FOR  RESTORING  the  HAIR,  strengthening  the 
roots,  and  preventing  it  from  turning  srey,  the  most  useful  toilet 
requisite  is  OLDRIDGE'S  BALM  of  COLUMBIA,  which  may  be  ob- 
tained from  all  chemists  and  perfumers,  or  direct  from  the  proprietors, 
C.  and  A.  Oldridge,  22,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  in  bottles 
at  3s.  6d.,  6s.,  and  1  Is,  each. 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  19,  18G7. 


CONTENTS.— N"  264. 


NOTES:  — The  late  Joseph  Robertson,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  Edin- 
hureh,  49  —  Restoration  of  a  Paolo  Veronese,  lo.—  Ihe 
Sabbath,"  not  merely  a  Puritan  Term,  50  —  The  •'  Naked 
Bed,"  51  —  Notice  of  a  remarkable  Sword,  Ih.  —  Im- 
promptu by  Heber  —  English  without  Articles  —  Elections 
in  Scotland  in  1722  -  Epitaphs  —  Luther  and  Erasmus  — 
Sacred  Treasure  Trove,  52. 

CUBBIES :—  Priorv  of  St.  Robert,  Knaresborough,  and  Sir 
Benry  Slingsby,  !>i3  — The  Altar-piece  in  the  Church  of  St. 
Martin's-in-the-Fields  —  Archdeacons  — Block  on  which 
Charles  I.  was  beheaded  —  False  Hair  —  Hitchcock,  a 
Spinet-maker  — The  Countess  of  Kent  and  the  Precuict 
of  Whitefriars  —  Kensington  Church  and  Oliver  Cromwell 
—  Archibald  Macaulay  —  Engraved  British  Portraits  — 
John  Purling  —  Raleigh  at  his  Prison  Window  —  Roddy 
Roeers  — A  Short  Range  — "Strictures  on  Lawyers  — 
Lady  Tanfield  —  Wooden  Effigy  of  a  Priest  —  Xiccha  — 
Yorkshire  Saying,  54. 

QuEEiES  WITH  AifSWEES:  — Arthur  Warwick  —  Purchas 
Family  —  "  A  Letter  from  Albemarle  Street  "  —  St.  Simon 
Stock  —  Cardinal  Beaton  --  Miantonomah,  57. 

REPLIES:- Rev.  Dr.  Charles  O'Conor's  "History  of  the 
House  of  O'Couor,"  59  —  Church  Towers  used  as  Fortresses, 
60  —  Herebericht  Presbyter  :  the  Monkwearmouth  Exca- 
vations, 61 -Dante  Query,  76.  —  Venerable  Bede,  62  — 
Edward  Norgate—  Hannah  Lightfoot  —  Caution  to  Book- 
Buyers— Breech- Loaders— Rev.  Wm.  Chafln,  Author  of 
"  Cranbourn  Chase  "  —  The  Order  of  St.  Maurice  and  St. 
Lazarus  —  Royal  Arms  of  Prussia  —  Stricken,  or  well 
stricken,  in  Years,  or  iu  Age— Book  Inscription  —The 
Renians  —  Betting—  Levesell  —  Christmas  Box—  Pronun- 
ciation of  English:  Rome,  Room,  &c.,  62. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


THE  LATE  JOSEPH  ROBERTSON,  ESQ.,  LL.D., 

EDINBURGH. 

[from  a  CORRESPOKDENT.] 

To  many  of  our  readers — more  especially  Scot- 
tisli  ones — the  name  of  Joseph  Robertson  is  doubt- 
less well  known.  At  a  time  when  his  ripe  historical 
scholarship,  and  his  astute  antiquarian  knowledge 
and  research,  were  obtaining  that  notice  which 
they  ought  to  have  had  long  before,  Dr.  Robert- 
son has  suddenly  been  taken  away,  having  died 
at  Edinburgh  on  December  13.  With  him  have 
perished  many  valuable  stores  of  learning,  which, 
had  his  life  been  spared,  would  have  added  much 
to  the  clearing  up  of  truths  around  which  are  still 
collected  mists  of  difficulty  and  doubt. 

Dr.  Robertson's  first  antiquarian  publication 
was  a  volume  entitled  The  Book  of  Bon- Accord, 
full  of  historical  and  archaeological  information 
concerning  his  native  ■  city,  i^berdeen.  He  was 
one  of  the  chief  founders  of  the  Spalding  Club 
(instituted  18.39) — a  society  which,  perhaps  more 
than  any  other,  has  contributed  towards  the  en- 
riching of  the  history  of  the  northern  counties  in 
Scotland. 

For  this  club  Dr.  Robertson  edited  various 
works,  amongst  which  were — The  Diary  of  Ge- 
neral Patrick  Gordon,  Collections  for  the  History 
of  the  Shires  of  Aberdeen  and  Banff,  and  Illustra- 
tions of  the  Topography  of  the  Shires  of  Aberdeen 


and  Banff.  In  Glasgow,  where  he  resided  for 
some  time,  valuable  assistance  was  also  rendered 
by  him  to  the  Maitland  Club. 

In  1853  Dr.  Robertson  was  appointed  Curator 
of  the  Historical  Department  of  Her  Majesty's  Re- 
gister House,  Edinburgh.  There  he  found  a  con- 
genial sphere  for  his  labours ;  and  all  who  have 
ever  had  occasion  to  solicit  his  aid — they  are  not 
a  few — in  searching  the  important  documents 
under  his  charge,  will  testify  to  the  readiness  and 
courtesy  with  which  he  afforded  every  assistance 
in  his  power.  For  his  office  Dr.  Robertson  was 
peculiarly  qualified,  being  gifted  with  wonderful 
industry  and  acuteness,  which  caused  all  difficulty 
in  the  perusal  of  old  manuscripts  to  vanish  before 
his  penetrating  eye.  He  it  was  who,  along  with 
his  friend  Sir  James  Y.  Simpson,  discovered  the 
first  Runic  inscriptions  on  the  souterraine  at  Maes- 
how.  His  principal  works  while  in  the  Register 
House  were — An  Inventory  of  the  Jetvels  and  Per- 
sonal Property  of  Queen  Mary,  with  an  elaborate 
preface,  for  the  iBannatyne  Club  ;  and  a  work  for 
the  same  society — which  he  just  lived  to  see  pub- 
lished— Statida  Ecclesice  Scoticance,  being  an  au- 
thoritative collection  of  the  canons  and  councils 
of  the  ancient  Scotch  Church.  It  is  matter  of 
regret  that  this  last  publication  will  be  accessible 
only  to  scholars,  and  to  these  in  a  limited  degree. 
An  attached  member  of  the  Church  (Episcopal) 
in  Scotland,  Dr.  Robertson  is  said  to  have  had 
in  contemplation  a  history  of  the  great  seven- 
teenth century  divines  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
that  country. 

An  article  from  Dr.  Robertson's  pen,  in  the 
Quarterly  Review  (1849),  on  the  ''Ecclesiastical 
Architecture  of  Scotland,"  is  still  regarded  as  the 
standard  authority  on  the  point,  and  at  the  time 
won  the  high  approbation  of  the  editor,  Mr.  Lock- 
hart. 

It  is  unnecessary  for  us  to  speak  of  Dr.  Robert- 
son's private  life ;  but  it  suffices  to  say,  that  to 
know  him  was  to  love  him.  He  was  for  some 
time  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  Scotland.* 

"     .     .     .     .    Nothing  could  subdue 
His  keen  desire  of  knowledge,  nor  efface 
Those  brighter  images  by  books  imprest 
Upon  his  memory." 


RESTORATION  OF  A  PAOLO  VERONESE. 

The  interesting  account  given  in  "N.  &  Q.," 
January  5,  of  the  restoration  of  the  Westminster 
portrait  of  Richard  II.  under  the  surveillance  of 
Mr.  George  Richmond,  must  naturally  attract  the 
attention  of  all  persons  connected  with  the  conser- 
vation of  pictures.     The  result  of  Mr.  Richmond's 


[•We  may  add,  that  an  excellent  account  of  this  ripe 
scholar  and  Scottish  antiquary,  appeared  in  the  Scotsman 
newspaper  of  December  14,  18G6. — Ed.] 


50 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Sr-i  S.  XI.  Jax.  19,  '67. 


zeal  and  judf^ment  happily  verifies  the  prediction 
of  M.  Burtin,  the  distinguished  amateur,  who 
■wrote  — 

"  Ce  serait  done  reVe'nenient  le  plus  heureux  pour  I'art 
et  pour  des  amateurs,  si  les  artistes  vraiment  dignes  de 
ce  nom,  re'uoiKjant  au  pvejuge  ridicule  qui  leur  fait 
craindre  de  s'avilir  en  reparant  les  belles  productions  des 
anciens  peintres,  voulaient  bien  croii-e  enfin,  qu'au  lieu 
de  s'avilir  par  un  talent  de  plus  on  en  devient  plus  esti- 
mable." 

I  take  leave  to  think  that  a  hrief  note  of  a 
somewhat  analogous  case  coming  immediately 
under  my  own  knowledge  may  not  be  unimpor- 
tant. A  half-length  portrait  of  a  Venetian  lady 
in  a  rich  gold-embroidered  white  silk  dress  — 
somewhat  remarkable  for  emhonpoint — purporting 
to  be  the  portrait  of  the  daughter  of  the  Doge 
Moncenigo,  painted  by  Paolo  Veronese,  was  pre- 
sented to  our  gallery  very  lately  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Duckett,  an  Irish  gentleman.  While  the  dress 
and  other  parts  of  the  picture  appeared  in  sound 
condition,  it  was  quite  obvious  to  me  that  the  face 
and  hands  had  been  much  painted  over.  The 
picture  bad  been  badly  lined,  so  in  the  first  in- 
stance I  had  it  carefully  double  lined.  The 
original  canvass  is  evidently  prepared  with  the 
absorbent  tempera  ground  used  so  much  by  the 
Venetians.  On  close  investigation,  I  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  repaint  must  be  removed.  I 
took  the  matter  in  hand  myself,  and  found  by 
experiment  upon  one  of  the  hands  that  it  had  been 
entirely  repainted ;  and  on  removing  the  comparar 
tively  modern  work,  found  the  original  hand  pure 
and  'in  good  preservation.  This  encouraged  me 
to  ascertain  how  far  the  face  might  have  been 
similarh'  tampered  with.  And  here  I  must  pre- 
mise, that  if  I  had  had  the  least  suspicion  of  the 
actual  fact  which  I  subsequently  discovered,  I 
should  have  adopted  Mr.  Schaef's  excellent  pre- 
caution by  taking  an  accurate  sketch  of  the  face 
then  appearing ;  but  I  did  not  anticipate  that  I 
had  to  deal  with  any  but  so-called  restoration  of 
injured  parts.  The 'fact  is,  I  took  olf  an  entire 
face ;  I  washed  off,  so  to  say,  a  hazel-eyed,  golden- 
haired,  dollish  face,  shown  in  what  is  technically 
termed  three-quarter,  and  brought  to  light  the 
true  original,  presenting  a  totally  different  face, 
almost  profile,  with  blue-grey  eyes  and  almost 
flaxen  hair,  and  in  sound  condition  with  the  ex- 
ception of  those  fine  cracks  which  inevitably  occur 
in  old  pictures.  "What  seems  most  curious  is  that 
the  new  features  were  not  painted  over  the  origi- 
nal ones.  The  only  parts  of  the  lady's  portrait 
thus  victimised  which  were  turned  to  use  were 
the  cheek,  ear,  and  portion  of  the  hair,  which  was 
brought  to  the  desired  colour  by  rich  glazing. 
What  the  object  of  the  change  was  I  do  not  un- 
dertake to  surmise;  but,  whoever  the  artist  or 
so-called  restorer  was,  who  was  guilty  of  such 
lese-mq/este  against  Paolo,  lie  had  cunning  enough  | 
to  alter  only  what  was  absolutely  necessary  to  the 


metamorphose,  leaving  the  dress,  a  fine  old  chair, 
and  rich-toned  crimson  curtains  almost  in  their 
original  condition.  Geoege  F.  Mtjlvaxt. 

National  Gallerv  of  Ireland. 


"THE  SABBATH,"  XOT  :\IEEELY  A  PURITAN 
TEEM. 
It  is  continually  said  that  the  use  of  the  word 
Sabbath  for  Sunday  or  the  Lord's  Day  was  a  Puri- 
tan peculira-ity,  and  that  the  adoption  of  the  term 
was  a  sufficient  indication  of  the  antiprelatic  party. 
However,  in  Cardwell's  Dociimentaj-y  Annals, 
ii.  23,  the  word  may  be  found  so  used  by  Arch- 
bishop Wliitgift  in  1591,  as  effectually  to  show 
that  it  was  certainly  no  badge  of  a  party.  He 
says :  — 

"  This  mischief  might  well  (in  myne  opinion)  be  re- 
dressed   by  catechisinge  and  instructing  in 

churches  of  yo-W'thes,  of  both  sexes,  in  the  Sabbath  daies. 
and  holy  dales  in  afternoones." 

It  has  often  been  thought  that  the  Puritan 
party  were  those  who  were  inclined  to  give  more 
freedom  of  preaching  than  their  opponents;  but 
so  far  from  this  being  the  case,  they  were  those 
who  showed  the  greatest  aversion  to  all  notion  of 
a  layman  preaching  at  any  time  or  in  any  place. 
A  curious  proof  of  this  was  given  in  the  Hamp- 
ton Court  Conference  (1603-1)  by  the  Puritan 
objectors,  where  it  is  said  in  the  23rd  Article  "  that 
it  "is  not  lawful  for  any  man  to  take  upon  him 
the  office  of  preaching  or  administering  the  sacra- 
ments in  the  •  congregation  before  he  be  lawfully 
called.  D.  Reinolds  took  exception  to  these  words, 
'in  the  congregation^  as  implying  a  lawfulnesse 
for  any  man  whatsoever,  out  of  the  congregation, 
to  preach  and  administer  the  sacraments,  though 
he  had  no  lawful  calling  thereunto.''  (Barlow's 
"  Summe  and  Substance  of  the  Conference  "  in 
Cardwell's  History  of  Conferences,  p.  179.) 

Many  now  seem  to  imagine  that  no  one  but  a 
Dissenter  can  call  Sunday  the  Sabbath.  Thus 
Mr.  Scrivener,'  in  his  Introduction  to  the  Criticism 
of  the  Neiv  Testament  (p.  04),  quotes,  in  a  foot-note 
from  Chrysostom,  ^-oTa  ^laf  a-a^pdrcnf  •/)  nal  Kard 
crdP^arov. 

"  I  cite  these  words  "  (he  says)  "  for  the  benefit  of  any 
one  whom  Dr.  Davidson  {Bibl  Crit.  ii.  19)  may  have  per- 
suaded that  crai3/3oTov  in  the  primitive  church  meant  Sun- 
day." 

On  looking,  however,  at  Dr.  Davidson's  Tolume 
it  will  be  seen  that  he  is  quoting  from  a  Cam- 
bridge divine,  subsequently  a  professor  of  divinity 
and  a  bishop  :  — 

"  I  have  seen  other  MSS.  in  which  the  Sundatj  is  marked 
at  the  beginning  of  each  lesson  which  is  to  be  read  on 
that  day  by  the  word  rrd^^aroy,  with  a  number  annexed 
to  it,"  &c.— Azotes  to  Michaelis,  ii.  907. 

These  are  the  words  of  Bishop  MarsJi,  to  whom, 
and  not  to  Dr.  Davidson,  the  reproof  of  Mr.  Scri- 


S'-'i  S.  XI.  J.v:,'.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


A^^  ^!^  /^*^ 


51 


vener  should  have  been  directed.  And,  further, 
if  Mr.  Scrivener  had  looked  at  the  corrections  in 
Dr.  Davidson's  volume  (p.  ix.)  he  might  have 
seen  hov?  the  dissenter  had  corrected  the  bishop  on 
this  very  point — "  crajSjSaToj' does  not  mean  Sunday, 


IS  Marsh  savs,  but  iveeli. 


LiELITJS. 


THE  "  NAKED  BED." 

The  following  passage  from  Charles  Eeade's 
Cloister  and  the  Hearth  (i.  301,  Triibner,  1862), 
induces  me  to  propound  a  query  as  to  the  time 
when  the  universal  practice  of  the  "  naked  bed," 
as  it  was  termed,  was  abolished,  and  the  custom 
introduced  of  putting  on  night  raiment  on  retiring 
to  rest : — 

"  In  the  morning,  Gerard  woke  infinitely  refreshed,  and 
v.'as  for  rising,  but  found  himself  a  close  prisoner.  His 
linen  had  vanished.  Now  this  was  parah-sis,  for  the 
night-gown  is  a  recent  institution.  In  Gerard's  centur_v, 
and  indeed  long  after,  men  did  not  ])lay  fast  and  loose 
with  clean  sheets  (when  they  could  get  Xhem),  but  crept 
into  them  clothed  with  their  innocence,  like  Adam." 

In  Fronde's  History  of  Enyland,  ix.  471  (one  of 
the  new  volumes),  the  following  statement  occurs 
in  a  note,  from  which  I  think  it  may  be  inferred 
that  Queen  Elizabeth  was  in  bed  in  cuerpo  on  the 
occasion  mentioned :  — 

"The  old  stories  were  still  current  about  Leicester's 
intimacy  with  Elizabeth.  La  Mothe  says  that  Norfolk, 
at  Arundel's  suggestion,  remonstrated  with  Leicester 
about  it  .  .  .  .  et  le  taxa  de  ce  qu'ayant  I'entree  comme 
il  a  dans  la  chambre  de  la  Reyne,  lorsqu'elle  est  an  lict, 
il  s'estoit  ingere  de  luy  bailler  la  chemise  au  lieu  de  sa 
dame  d'honneur,  et  de  hazarder  de  luy-mesme  de  la  baisser 
sans  y  estre  convoye." 

In  the  account  of  the  public-house  brawl  at  the 
Clachan  of  Aberfoil  in  Rob  Roy,  Scott  says :  — 

"And  as  for  the  slumberers  in  those  lairs  by  the  wall, 
which  sen-ed  the  family  for  beds,  they  only  raised  their 
shirtless  bodies  to  look  at  the  fray,  ejaculating  •  Oigh ! 
Oigh! '  in  a  tone  suitable  to  their  respective  sex  and  ages, 
and  were,  I  believe,  fast  asleep  again,  ere  our  swords  were 
well  returned  to  their  scabbards." 

I  am  of  opinion  that  Scott's  accuracy,  even  in 
his  fictions,  as  to  a  detail  of  costume  (or  rather  the 
want  of  it  in  the  present  instance)  may  be  fully 
relied  on  ;  still  I  do  not  place  any  great  stress  on 
the  foregoing,  as  it  is  possible  that  he  may  have 
meant  the  poverty  only,  and  not  the  will,  of  those 
honest  Highlanders,  to  have  consented  to  their 
.shirtless  condition. 

The  "night-gown,"  which  is  constantly  men- 
tioned as  a  garment  used  in  olden  times,'was,  I 
take  it,  our  modern  dressing-gown.  I  give  an 
instance  from  a  notice  of  "  Haynes's-  Burghley 
Papers,"  in  the  Retrospective  Review,  xv.  219  :  — 

"At  Seymor  Place  when  the  Queue  lay  there  he 
(Admiral  Seymour)  did  use  a  while  to  come  up  every 
mornyng  in  his  night  gown  bare  legged  in  his  slippers, 
where  he  commonlj'  found  the  Lady  Elizabeth  up  at  hir 


boke  :  and  then  he  would  loke  in  at  the  gallery-dore  and 
bid  ni}^  Lady  Elizabeth  good  morrow,  and  so  go  his 
way." 

H.  A.  Kexnedt. 
Gav  Street,  Bath. 


NOTICE  OF  A  REMARKABLE  SWORD. 

Some  twenty  years  ago  I  saw  in  a  broker's 
shop  in  London  an  old  sword.  Its  form  struck 
me  as  being  unusual,  so  I  bought  it  on  the  spot  for 
a  small  sum,  and  carried  it  away  then  and  there. 
The  blade  is  only  two  feet  and  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  in  length,  but  an  inch  and  a  half  in  breadth ; 
it  is  of  the  faulcion  type,  with  deep  grooves  and 
perforations  in  the  "forte,"  where  it  has  been 
"  blued  "  and  gilded  according  to  the  bad  taste 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  The  rest  of  the 
blade  is  etched  to  resemble  the  watering  of  a  so- 
called  Damascus  blade.  On  one  side  is  the  cipher 
"  Ct  .  R"  surmounted  by  a  crown,  fixing  the  date 
temp.  George  I.  The  hilt  is  a  simple  bow,  with 
S  guard,  and  originally  possessed  two  oval  escut- 
cheons, one  of  which  was  missing  when  I  bought 
the  sword.  The  "grip"  is  of  ivory,  fluted  and 
ribbed.  All  the  metal  work  of  the  hilt  is  of 
blued  steel,  most  delicately  inlaid  (not  gilt)  with 
flowers  in  gold ;  and  on  an  oval  in  the  centre  of 
the  "  bow  "  are  the  initials  "  C.  S.  "  intertwined 
also  in  gold. 

The  weapon  is  evidently  a  naval  one,  and  must 
have  belonged  to  some  officer  of  distinction:  it 
was  probably  a  presentation  sword,  for  on  my 
showing  it  to  the  late  Mr.  Wilkinson  of  Pall  Mall, 
he  assured  me  that  the  hilt  alone  must  have  cost 
at  least  twenty  pounds,  and  that  he  doubted  if  the 
lost  bit  of  steel  could  be  replaced  for  five  pounds. 
Well,  the  sword  hung  on  the  wall  of  my  room 
for  five  years  and  more,  when,  walking  one  day 
through  Wardour  Street,  and  looking  into  the 
window  of  a  small  shop  there,  I  espied,  lying 
amongst  dismounted  seal-stones,  beads,  and  such 
like,  the  missing  escutcheon  of  my  sword  !  It  was 
a  thing  that  might  have  been  used  as  a  brooch, 
or  for  the  top  of  a  snufli'-box;  it  had  probably 
done  duty  in  the  latter  capacity  after  its  di- 
vorcement from  its  lawful  position.  I  bought 
it,  and  found  that  it  fitted  the  vacant  place  ex- 
actly, and  the  sword  was  thereby  restored  to  its 
normal  state.  As  for  the  scabbard,  there  was  one 
of  leather  when  I  saw  the  sword  first,  but  both 
mouthpiece  and  chape  were  gone ;  they  had  no 
doubt  been  inlaid  in  the  same  beautiful  manner 
as  the  hilt.  As  the  old  sheath  only  tended  to 
rust  the  blade,  I  burnt  it.  Showing  the  weapon 
the  other  day  to  a  literary  friend,  a  well-known 
correspondent  of  ''  N.  &  Q.,"  I  observed  that  it 
was  a  pity  the  good  blade  had  neither  "  voice  nor 
language,"  or  it  could  tell  us  tlie  name  of  the 
man  of  mark  to  whom  it  no  doubt  once  belonged. 
My    companion    at    once    said,   "Sir   Cloudesly 


52 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


Sliovell— why  not  ?  tlie  sword  is  a  naval  one  ; 
the  date  of  George  I.  coincides ;  from  the  costly 
nature  of  the  mounting  it  probably  belonged  to  a 
man  of  rank,  and  there  are  the  initials  '  C.  S.'  to 
bear  out  my  opinion."  It  was,  at  any  rate,  an 
ingenious  one,  and  likely  enough  to  be  correct; 
though,  without  data,  and  at  this  distance  of  time, 
of  course  incapable  of  proof. 

W.  J.  Beknhaed  Smith. 
Temple. 


IirPKOMPTTT  BY  Hebee.  —  I  remember  when  a 
boy  reading  The  Recluse  of  Nonoay  by  Miss  Porter, 
and  calling  the  attention  of  Reginald  Heber,  then 
rector  of  Hodnet,  who  was  staying  in  the  same 
house,  to  the  following  passage  :  — 

"  With  Theodore  the  tongue  was  a  secondary  organ  of 
speech  ;  he  discoursed  principally  with  his  eyes." 

Heber,  taking  the  volume  to  the  library  table, 
wrote  in  his  neat  hand  on  the  margin  of  the  book^ 
■which  1  now  possess,  the  following  impromptu : — 
"  I've  read  in  a  book,  with  no  little  surprise. 
Of  a  man  who'd  a  tongue,  but  M'ho  talk'd  with  his  eyes. 
Which  led  me,  pursuing  the  jest,  to  suppose 
He  smelt  with  his  ears,  and  he  heard  with  his  nose." 
R.  E.  E.  W. 

English  without  Articles.  —  It  is  worth 
noting  that  Sir  William  Davenant  contrived  to 
write  a  poem,  ''The  London ' Vacation,"  almost 
without  the  use  of  articles.  In  the  course  of  162 
lines,  the  only  occui's  about  four  times,  and  a 
about  thrice.  The  effect  is  rather  odd,  as  may  be 
seen  from  this  specimen :  — 

"  jSTow  wight  that  acts  on  stage  of  Bull 

In  scullers'  bark  does  lie  at  Hull, 

Which  he  for  pennies  two  does  rig, 

All  day  on  Thames  to  bob  for  grig. 

Whilst  fencer  poor  does  by  him  stand 

In  old  dung-lighter,  hook  in  hand  ; 

Between  knees  rod,  with  canvas  crib 

To  girdle  tied,  close  under  rib ; 

Where  worms  are  put,  which  must  small  fish 

Betray  at  night  to  earthen  dish." 

It  may  be  noted,  too,  that  grig  here  occurs  in 
the  sense  of  a  little  eel.  (See  3"*  S.  x.  413.) 

Walter  W.  Skeat, 

Elections  in  Scotland  in  1722. — 

"  Madam, — 

"  The  obligations  I  am  under  to  your  friend  the 
Justice  Clerck  makes  me  fond  to  doe  something  that  may 
be  agreable  to  him,  at  least  to  offer  what  information  I 
can  learn  in  relation  to  some  affaires  in  which  he  I  sup- 
pose does  take  concern. 

"  I  wrote  my  Lord  Rothes  some  posts  agoe,  anent  the 
towns  throw  which  I  passed  as  I  came  North  which  his 
son  and  Collonell  Kerr  are  concerned  in,  if  it  can  be  of 
use  I  suppose  ye  Justice  Clerck  is  known  to  it :  but 
what  I'm  now  to  offer,  is  further  and  latter  information, 
namely,  I'm  certainly  informed  from  some  who  were 
present  with  Collonell  Midleton,  y'  he  judges  himself 
now  secure  of  that  district  of  Burroghs,  haveing  brought 


a  blank  commission  for  a  company  in  his  Eegiment  y* 
lately  has  become  vacant,  and  presented  it  to  Logie  Scot, 
who  in  return  promised  him  his  vote  for  Montross,  and  I 
believe  Bervie  and  Breechan  may  be  his,  Dogge  son  being^ 
provided  in  a  post  under  Duke  of  Argj-le,  and  Midleton 
himself  Provost  of  Bende,  if  these  continew  his  friends, 
Collonell  Ker  will  be  cast.  Therfore  to  provide  him  in  case 
I  have  no  use  for  them  myself  if  my  Lord  Kintore  be  pre- 
vailed with  to  write  me  to  be  for  him  faileing  of  myself,  he 
may  purchase  Bamf  without  very  great  expence.  Bamf 
has  chose  its  deligate  alreadj%  ane  Provost  Stewart,  but 
he  is  poor  and  will  be  prevailed  with  on  considerations 
to  goe  any  way,  so  if  my  Lord  Kintore  is  prevailed  with, 
and  money  or  credite  sent  me,  for  which  I  shall  account, 
I  could  promise  on  success,  and  I  believe  from  the  situa- 
tion of  my  affaires  in  ye  shire,  I  shall  have  no  use  for 
them.  Bamf  unless  applyed  in  this  maner  and  well 
manadged  is  Collonell  Campbells,  Mr.  Fraser  haveing^ 
lossed  it  by  one  vote.  This  I  thought  proper  to  acquaint 
you  of,  y*  you  might  la}^  it  before  the  Justice  Clerck  as 
you  shall  judge  right.  I  have  not  time  to  enlarge  on  it 
haveing  severall  despatches  and  letters  to  order  this 
night.  I  hope  to  see  my  father  at  Aberdeen  on  Monday. 
I  am  in  duety  and  affection.  Madam,  your  most  obedient 
Son  and  Ser"', 

•  "  Akch.  Grant. 

«  Old  Deer,  March  31",  1722." 

The  writer  of  this  letter,  which  was  copied  by 
me  from  the  original  preserved  in  his  family,  was 
the  eldest  son  of  Francis  Grant,  Baronet  of  K^ova 
Scotia  (1705),  and  a  Lord  of  Session,  imder  the 
title  of  Lord  Cullen  (1709).  The  Justice  Clerk 
named  by  the  writer  was  Adam  Cockbum  of 
Arnieston,  created  J.  C.  in  1707. 

W.  C.  Trevelxan. 

Epitaphs.  —  If  any  further  arguments  were 
wanted  to  prove  the  necessity  of  recording  monu- 
mental inscriptions,  the  following  examples  would 
be  useful.  I  shall  be  extremely  glad  if  any  one 
can  supply  what  is  wanting.  The  first  is  on  a 
stone  forming  part  of  the  pavement  of  St.  Mary's 
churchyard,  Hull.  It  is  to  the  memory  of  Henry 
Chambers,  Mayor  of  Hull,  who  died  in  1632  :  — ■ 

dEATH   ERST   CONTENT   IN   LOWER      .      .      .      [sphere] 

DID  TAKE  UP  LATELY  CHAMBERS  .    .      [dear,  or here] 

and   MORTALLY   TO   SMELL   (?")      .      .      . 

LIKE   PHARAOH    FROGS  THE    (?)    .      .      . 

YET   AS   HE   GAVE   HE   DID    RECEIVE      . 

FOR   WHOME   HE   SLEW   HE        .... 

AND   THEREFORE   AFTER   HE   T      .      .      . 

THE   SOULI5   IX   TRIUMPH   TROD    UPON   . 

AND   LEAUING   HIM   HER[e]nOW        .      .       [at  reSt] 

TOOK   UP  NEW   HARBOUR   MOXGST     .      .      [the  blcst] 

PiiS   EST  PROFECT 

QUAM   PUTAS  MORTE. 

Gent,  whose  histories  aboimd  with  inscriptions, 
oinfortunately  does  not  record  this  one.  I  re- 
gretted to  learn  that  several  tombstones,  which, 
when  he  wrote  his  History  of  Hull  (1735),  were 
within  the  attar-rails  of  St.  Mary's,  are  now  laid 
flat  in  the  churchyard. 

The  second  is  on  the  west  side  of  one  of  the 
buttresses  of  the  south  transept,  Beverley  Min- 
ster :  — 


S'-'i  S.  XI.  Jan.  10,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


BELOAV 

Y 

XD       .... 

UGA     .      .      .    s 

FABEICK   IX 

ERECTED   T      

AT  THE   ENT 

THE   CHOIK 

BUILT  THR 

ON   THE   SO 

&C 
.      .   DIED    S R 

.     .  26th  176      

N  .   .  R   TO   T 

A  .    .   O  ANN 

R   P. 

It  is  on  soft  stone  which  is  rapidly  crumbling 
away.  Of  course  many  of  the  blanks  can  be  filled 
up  with  certainty.  From  various  expressions  used, 
and  as  the  tablet  bears  the  square  and  compasses, 
it  is  evident  the  deceased  was  a  mason.  I  cannot 
find  anything  to  help  me  in  the  local  histories. 

W.  C.  B. 

Hull. 

LrTHEE  AND  Eeasmits.  —  Mr.  WifFen,  in  his 
Life  and  IVritings  of  Juan  de  Valdes  (London, 
186.5,)  repeats  at  p.  36  a  common  misstatement 
that  Erasmus  vsrote  on  Free  Will  in  answer  to 
Luther,  A  note  may,  therefore,  be  made  of  the 
fact,  that  Erasmus  assailed  Luther  with  a  book 
on  Free  Will,  and  the  latter  was  thus  compelled 
to  reply  to  Erasmus.  Luther  did  not  write  De 
Libera  Arhitrio,  but  De  Servo  Arhitrio.  Erasmus 
was  then  in  his  turn  thrown  upon  the  defensive, 
but  he  was  the  real  aggressor.  D.  C.  A.  A. 

S ACHED  Treasure  Trove. — It  is  stated  that 
the  Palestine  Exploration  Committee  intend  to 
direct  their  researches  next  year  to  the  supposed 
sites  of  the  Temple  and  holy  places  at  Jerusalem  ; 
and,  if  the  consent  of  the  Turkish  authorities  can 
be  procured,  it  is  very  probable  that  excavations 
in  the  vaults,  now  choked  with  rubbish,  beneath 
the  Harem  area,  as  well  as  in  sundry  other  places 
where  subsidence  or  irregularities  of  structure 
might  induce  suspicion  of  stones  having  been  re- 
moved and  subsequently  replaced  in  the  older 
walls,  would  be  productive  of  sundiy  curious  and 
valuable  discoveries  of  vastly  greater  interest  to 
the  Christian  archfeologist  than  the  stone  cutleiy 
of  that  mythical  personage,  pre- Adamite  man. 

After  rebuilding  of  the  second  Temple  there 
were  five  remarkable  occasions  when  treasure 
and  precious  vessels  and  gemmed  ornaments  might 
have  been  concealed  by  priests  and  servitors  of 
the  sacred  edifice,  who  may  not  have  survived  to 
disclose  their  secret — (1)  during  the  abstraction 
and  sale  of  the  Temple  furniture  by  the  apostate 
high-priest  Menelaus,  175  a.c.  ;  followed  (2)  by 
the  plunder  and  defilement  of  the  Temple  by  An- 


tiochus  Epiphanes ;  (3)  the  plimder  of  the  Temple 
by  Crassus,  53  a.c.  ;  (4)  by  Sabinus,  4  A.c. ;  and 
(5)  its  total  destruction  by  the  Romans,  71  a.d. 

Michaelis,  in  his  Laxcs  of  Moses,  No.  Ixix.,  conjec- 
tured that  the  great  stones  on  which  the  Law  was 
engraved  (Dent,  xxvii.  1-8 ;  Josh.  viii.  30-35) 
would  be  hereafter  exhumed  from  the  soil  of 
Mount  Ebal ;  and  many  other  instances  might  be 
indicated  of  reliquite  likely  to  reward  the  zeal  of 
archjeological  research,  but  the  foregoing  hints 
will  suffice  for  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  J.  L. 

Dublin, 

eaunrtcff. 

PRIORY  OF  ST.  ROBERT,  KNARESBOROUGH, 
AND  SIR  HEXRY  SLINGSBY. 

Hargrove's  The  History  of  the  Castle,  Town,  and 
Forest  of  Knareshorough,  ed.  1798,  gives  a  short 
account  of  this  priory. 

Speaking  of  the  religious  of  the  Order  of  the 
Holy  Trinity  for  the  redemption  of  captives,  he 
says  (p.  76)  :  "  They  wore  white  robes  with  a 
red  and  blue  cross  upon  their  breasts."  And  in 
his  notice  of  "  Pannal,"  he  says,  that  "in  the 
church  there,  in  the  south  window  of  the  choir, 
in  painted  glass,  is  a  cross  patee  gules  and  azure, 
above  which  is  the  figure  of  a  large  Gothic  build- 
ing, perhaps  the  gateway  of  the  Priory  of  Knares- 
borough,  the  brethren  of  which  were  patrons  of 
this  church." 

I  find  in  ^' L' Histoire  de  V Etahlissement  des  Ordres 

Reliyieux par  Mr.  Hermant,  a  Eouen, 

M.DC.xcvii.,"  this  statement:  "Ces  religieux  por- 
tent im  habit  blanc,  avec  une  croix  rouge  et  bleue 
sur  I'estomac,  dont  la  figure  est  faite  de  huit  arcs 
de  cercle." 

I  visited  Pannal  in  1863.  The  shield  is  still 
there.  The  window  is  the  westmost  on  the  south 
side  of  the  chancel.  It  has  the  shield  in  the 
small  centre  opening  at  the  top.  Below  it  the 
window  consists  of  two  lights,  which  have  no 
stained  glass  in  them.  The  shield  is  ten  inches 
and  a  half  measured  down  the  middle,  and  eight 
inches  and  a  half  across ;  but  since  Hargrove  wrote 
it  has  been  injured.  It  shows,  argent,  across  pat(5e 
not  extending  to  the  sides  of  the  shield,  and  hav- 
ing its  extremities  not  flat  but  gently  sloped,  and 
ending  in  points  like  those  of  a  cross  moline.  The 
upright  piece  of  the  cross  is  gules,  the  transom 
azure.  But  the  dexter  half  of  the  transom  is 
gone ;  and  outside  the  cross,  on  the  sinister  side, 
a  piece  of  the  field  is  supplied  by  plain  window 
glass,  the  rest  being  finely  diapered.  On  a  chief 
gules  a  castle  triple-towered,  exactly  what  the 
Italians  blazon  "  Maschio  di  fortezza,"  or,  with 
the  portcullis  down,  sable,  between  two  oak  trees, 
leaved  and  acorned,  vert. 

I  disagree  with  Hargrove  in  his  thinking  that 
this  building  on  the  chief  was  meant  for  the  priory 


54 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Sfd  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


gateway.  1  have  no  doubt  that  it  was  intended 
to  represent  Ivnaresborough  Castle,  once  the  lord- 
ship of  tlie  founder  of  the  priory,  Richard  Earl 
of  Cornwall.  Probably  these  arms  can  now  be 
seen  in  no  other  place. 

I  now  add  a  query.  When  Sir  Henry  Slingsby 
was  murdered  on  Tower  Hill  (1658),  after  a  trial 
by  Lisle  •  before  Cromwell's  pretended  "  High 
Court,"  he  was  brought  down  to  Ivnaresborough, 
and  buried  there  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Nicolas  in 
the  parish  church.  This  chapel  is  usually  called 
the  Slingsby  Chapel.  Being  cramped  for  room. 
those  who  built  his  tomb  ranged  it  north  and 
south  across  the  head  of  the  fine  Elizabethan 
tomb  of  his  grandfather  and  grandmother,  Francis 
and  Mary  (Percy)  Slingsby.  Sir  Henry's  tomb, 
a  raised  one,  is  covered  by  what  Hargrove  calls 
"  a  large  slab  of  black  marble,  six  feet  two  inches 
long,  by  four  feet  six  inches  broad,  and  sis  inches 
thick."  The  first  lines  of  the  inscription  on  it 
give  rise  to  my  query,  "  Sancti  Eoberti  hue 
saxum  advectum  est,  sub  eodemque  nunc  jacet 
hie  Henricus  Slingesby." 

Hargrove  adds,  ''  The  inscription  formerly  on 
this  stone  was  probably  on  a  plate  of  brass,  as  the 
small  cavities  now  filled  vdth  lead  by  which  the 
plate  was  fastened  to  the  stone  are  very  appa- 
rent." This  is  true.  Tlie  slab  has  been  rubbed 
down  to  get  a  new  face,  and  the  end  at  the  feet, 
that  is  the  south  end,  has  been  cut  ofl"  on  each  side 
to  form  half  a  hexagon,  which  is  the  shape  of  the 
south  end  of  the  tomb. 

I  ask,  can  any  one  give  me  fuller  information 
than  that  given  in  the  words  '-'hue  advectum 
est"? 

During  his  life,  till  the  very  last,  it  is,  I  think, 
quite  certain  that  Sir  Henry  Slingsby  was  a  Pro- 
testant. Noble,  in  his  CroumeU,  says  flatly,  '•  Sir 
Henry  Slingsby  was  a  loyal  Roman  Catholic." 
But  if  this  was  to  apply  to  the  time  when  he 
served  the  two  kings,  I  believe  Noble  to  have  been 
wrong.  Sir  Henry  Slingsby's  published  Diary 
must  convince  every  reader  that  he  lived  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Established  Church.  The  Diary  was 
never  seen  by  Noble.  But  I  think  that  in  the 
Tower,  when  under  sentence,  Sir  Henry  Slingsby 
was  by  some  means  reconciled  to  the  Catholic 
church. 

In  The  Catholique  Apology,  hj  a  Person  of 
Honour,  written  in  1660,  and  published  for  the 
third  edition  in  1674,  at  p.  674  is  "  a  List  of  those 
Catholicks  that  died  and  suffered  for  their  loyalty." 
Among  these  is  ''  Sir  Henry  Slingsby,  beheaded 
on  Towerhill."  His  name  is  repeated  at  p.  580 
among  "such  Catholicks  whose  estates  .  .  .  were 
sold  ...  for  their  pretended  delinquency."  In 
the  address  to  ''  aU  the  Royalists  that  suffered  for 
his  Majesty,"  dated  ''NoVemb.  11.  1006,"  the 
list  is  described  as  "  this  Bloody  Catalogue,  which 
contains  the  Names  of  vour  murthered  Friends 


and  Relations."     This  book  was  published  during 
the  lifetime  of  his  children. 

Dr.  Hewet,  who  suffered  at  the  same  time,  was 
prisoner  at  the  same  time  in  the  Tower:  and  Rey- 
nolds, Caryl,  Calamy,  and  Manton  were  desired 
by  Cromwell's  commissioners  to  go  to  them  both 
"  to  prepare  them  for  death."  In  any  case.  Sir 
Henry  would  have  rejected  .such  persons  as  these  : 
but,  in  his  ''Father's  Legacy  to  his  Sons,"  he 
makes  no  mention  of  seeing  any  one  else,  though 
Dr.  Hewet  was  at  hand.  To  mention  a  Catholic 
j  priest  was  impossible,  and  probably  it  was  only 
at  the  last  moment  that  he  secretly  obtained  ac- 
cess to  one. 

If  he  died  a  Catholic,  as  is  alleged,  then  the 
placing  St.  Robert's  stone  over  him  becomes  more 
intelligible.  The  stone  was  very  likely  to  be 
destroyed ;  at  all  events  to  be  misused.  His  grand- 
son. Sir  Thomas,  who  put  the  stone  on  the  tomb 
in  169-3,  though  not  a  Catholic  himself,  would 
have  a  feeling  of  sympathy  with  his  grandfather 
which  would  lead  him  to  do  such  a  thing.  His 
sympathy  with  the  glorious  cause  in  which  Sir 
Henry  suffered  is  expressed  in  the  strongest  lan- 
guage— "  Passus  est  fidei  in  Regem  legesque  pa- 
tiias  causa.  Non  periit  sed  ad  meliores  sedes 
translatus  est,  a  Tyranno  Crcmwellio  capite  mulc- 
tatus." 

I  therefore  make  my  query.  Is  any  tradition 
still  extant  of  the  removal  of  the  ''saxum  "  from 
its  original  place  to  the  tomb  upon  which  it  is 
now  seen  ?  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 


The  Axtae-piece  in  the  Chuech  of  St. 
Maetln-'s-ix-the-Fields.  —  The  following  para- 
Sraph  is  copied  from  The  Caledonian  Mercury  of 
July  19,  1722 :  — 

"  His  Excellency  General  Nicholson  (to  sho-w  his  reli- 
gious regard  for  the  House  of  God)  has  sent  from  South 
Carolina,  of  which  place  he  is  the  Governor,  all  charges 
defrayed,  a  present  of  24  large  planks,  and  4  pillars  of 
cedar  wood  to  build  an  altar-piecs  in  the  new  church 
of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  which  is  received  accord- 
ingly." 

Is  this  altar-piece  stiU  existing  ? 

Wir.  HuxT. 

Hull. 

ApvChdeacons. — Under  "  Archediacre"  Cotgrave 
has  — 

"  Crotte  en  Archediacre.  Dag'd  vp  to  the  hard  heeles 
(for  so  were  the  Archdeacons  in  the  old  time  euer  wont  to 
be)  by  reason  of  their  frequent  and  toylesome  visita- 
tions." 

Was  this  the  case  in  England  as  well  as  in 
France  ?  Can  any  reader  give  any  quotations  to 
illustrate  Cotgrave's  statement  ?  F. 

Block  ox  which  Chaeles  I.  was  beheaded. 
It  may  possibly  interest  your  readers  that  I  was 
lately  informed,    on  seeing  a  picture  of  a  Lady 


3-<i  ?.  XI.  Jan.  19,  Gr,] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


Fane,  that  she  was  married  first  to  Bishop  Juxon, 
chaplain  to  Ohailes  I.,  and  that  on  her  death  at 
Little  Compton,  near  Chipping  Norton,  on  the 
borders  of  Oxon  and  Gloucestershire,  the  block  on 
which  Charles  I.  had  his  head  cut  oft',  and  other 
relic?  of  him  were  sold.  It  would  be  a  curious 
inqjiiry,  what  is  become  of  this  block  ?  I  see  by 
referring  to  the  Gazetteer  that  there  was  an 
ancient  residence  at  Little  Compton  belonging  to 
Bishop  Juxon.  D.  B. 

False  Hair. — It  is  stated  that  in  Strasburg 
all  strict  Jewesses  wear  false  hair.  Does  this 
custom  apply  to  Jewesses  in  general,  and  can  any 
of  your  readers  give  an  explanation  of  it  ?         S. 

PIiTCHCOCK,  A  Spinet-maker.  —  Can  any  of 
your  readers  kindly  inform  me  when  ■  Thomas 
Hitchcock  manufactured  spinets  in  London,  and 
give  any  particulars  concerning  him  ?  One  of  his 
instruments,  of  considerable  antiquity,  is  now  in 
existence  at  Portland,  U.  S.,  and  I  am  desirous,  if 
possible,  to  know  its  age.  H.  T.  P. 

3,  Ladbrooke  Gardens,  W. 

The  Coitntess  of  Kent  and  the  Pre- 
cinct OE  Whitefriars.  —  Can  you  or  any  of 
your  correspondents  and  subscribers  furnish  me 
with  the  maiden  name  of  the  Right  Honourable 
Lady  Margaret,  Countess  of  Kent,  citizen  and 
freewoman  of  the  city  of  London,  who  was  the 
second  wife  of  Richard  Gray  de  Ruthin,  third 
Earl  of  Kent,  K.G.*  (created  May  3,  1465),  whom 
she  survived  ?  Slie  was  twice  married ;  the 
name  of  her  first  husband  is  unknown  (informa- 
tion is  also  requested  as  to  who  he  was),  but  he 
is  mentioned  in  her  will,  dated  December  2, 
1540,t  as  having  been  buried  in  the  parish  church 
of  St.  Anue's  within  Aldersgate,  London.  |  The 
earl  died  without  issue  in  1523  in  Whitefriars ; 
the  countess  "  at  her  house  in  Whitefriars  "  in 
December,  1540,  and  both  were  interred  in  the 
church  of  the  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  which  was 
destroyed  soon  after  the  monasteries  were  dis- 
solved by  Henry  VIII.  The  countess  built  an 
almshouse  in  the  Precinct  in  1538  for  seven  poor 
freeworaen  of  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Cloth- 
workers,  which  building  she  bequeathed  to  tlie 
said  company.  The  house  was  destroyed  by  the 
great  fire  in  1608,  but  w^as  rebuilt  in  1668.  In 
1770,  the  building  being  in  a  decayed  state, 
another  was  erected  at  Islington,  to  which  the 
poor  alms-people  were  removed ;  and  in  1853,  in 
consequence   of  its  decay,  another  building  was 

*  The  earl's  lirst  wife  was  the  eklest  daughter  of  Sir 
WiUiara  Hiissev,  Knt.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench, 
May  7,  1482,  Ed w.  IV. 

t  Proved  in  IT.  M.  Prerogative  Court,  Doctors'  Com- 
mons, January  7,  1540—11. 

X  Partly  dcstroved  by  fire,  1548 ;  repaired,  1624 ;  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  16GG;  rebuilt,  16G8.  (Christopher  Wren, 
architect.)  The  church,  St.  John's  Zacharay,  burnt  1G66, 
now  united. 


erected  in  the  same  locality,  where  the  poor  women 
now  reside.  C.  F.  A. 

Kensington  Church  and  Oliver  Cromwell. 
The  old  Kensington  church  is  about  to  be  pulled 
down.  In  November  or  the  beginning  of  this 
month  mention  was  made  in  The  Times  of  some 
interesting  particulars  connected  with  the  church 
and  parish,  both  as  to  monuments,  persons  of  cele- 
brity, &c.  As  no  mention  was  taken  of  a  tablet 
which  recorded  the  charitable  feeling  of  that  dis- 
tinguished man,  Oliver  Cromwell,  can  any  of 
your  subscribers  inform  me,  and  other  readers  of 
your  valuable  work,  if  the  tablet  has  been  re- 
moved ?  I  think  it  was  near  the  entrance  of  the 
church.  If  it  has  been  taken  away,  where  is  it? 
Will  it  be  placed  in  the  new  church  ?  Can  it  be 
stated  what  was  the  annual  value  of  the  gift  at 
that  time,  and  what  is  its  present  value  ?  Where  is 
the  plot  of  ground  alluded  to  on  the  tablet,  and  to 
what  has  it  or  will  it  be  appropriated  ? 

H.  W.  F.,  Lineal  Descendant. 

Archibald  Macaulat  was  Lord  Provost  of 
Edinburgh  about  the  beginning  of  last  century. 
Wanted,  information  respecting  him.  Is  there 
any  work  which  gives  any  account  of  the  Lord 
Provosts  about  the  date  mentioned  ?       F.  M.  S. 

Engkvved  British  Portraits. — The  following' 
portraits  (paintings)  were  exhibited  in  the  late 
gathering  at  South  Kensington,  namely  — 

Rev.  Pi.ichard  Crackenthorpe,  D.D.  (from 
Queen's  College),  died  1624.     No.  509. 

Colonel  Thomas  Howard,  son  of  Sir  Francis 
Howard  of  Corbj^,  slain  1643.     No.  621. 

Sir  John  Bankes,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common 
Pleas,  died  1644.     No.  625. 

.Tulien  Lady  Musgrave,  wife  of  Sir  Philip  Mus- 
grave  of  Eden  Hall,  died  1659.     No.  693. 

The  respective  artists  are  not  named  in  the 
authorised  Catalogue.  Permit  me  to  inquire, 
through  your  columns,  if  those  portraits  are  known 
to  have  been  engraved  ?  Ames,  Granger,  Noble, 
Bromley,  and  Evans,  and  all  other  catalogues  to 
which  i  have  referred  (including  those  of  the  col- 
lections of  Bindley,  Simco,  and  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes) 
are  alike  reticent  touching  any  of  them. 

John  Burton. 

Preston. 

John  Purling. — Why  was  John  Purling,  who 
contested  Shoreham  against  Thomas  Rumbold, 
called  by  Junius  a  Caribbu  ?  Who  was  Rumbold  ? 
Was  he  Sir  Thomas  Rumbold,  of  whom  there  was 
a  notice  in  "  N.  &  Q."  lately  ?  Sir  Thomas  ap- 
pears to  have  been  in  India  at  the  time. 

John  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 

Raleigh  at  his  Prison  Window. — Mr.  Baring- 
Gould,  in  his  Myths  of  the  Middle  Ages,  relates 
(from  Journal  de   Paris,   May,  1787)    the  story 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


of  Raleigli  seeing  from  his  window  some  street 
commotion ;  being  afterwards,  in  his  relation  of 
the  same,  contradicted  detail  by  detail  by  another 
eye-witness ;  and  hence,  convinced  of  the  untrust- 
worthiness  of  all  e^ddence,  burning  the  MS.  of 
his  second  volume  of  History  of  the  World. 

Mr.  Baring-Gould  asks,  "Whence  did  the 
Journal  de  Paris  obtain  the  story  ?  "  I  reiterate 
here  the  same  question. 

The  story  I  have  often  met  with,  differing  much, 
however,  in  details.  Carlyle,  in  the  following  pas- 
sage, clearly  refers  to  a  different  version  from  that 
of  the  Journal  de  Paris :  — 

"  The  old  storj'  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  as  looking  from 
his  prison-window  on  some  street  tumult,  which  after- 
wards three  witnesses  reported  in  three  different  ways, 
himself  differing  from  them  all,  is  still  a  true  lesson  for 
us." — "  On  History,"  Essays,  vol.  ii.  p.  171. 

JoHw  Addis,  Juk. 

Roddy  Rogers. — From  The  Gentleman^ s  Maga- 
zine for  February,  1811,  p.  113,  I  copy  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

"  Eoddy  Eogers  was  born  in  the  village  of  Caramoney, 
in  the  county  of  Antrim,  in  1798,  having  no  arms.  There 
is  the  shape  of  a  hand  impressed  on  his  right  side,  a  little 
below  where  the  arm-pit  should  be.  He  has  been  taught 
to  read  and  write  English,  and  is  now  supported  by  the 
bounty  of  the  inhabitants  of  Carrickfergus.  He  holds 
the  pen  between  the  first  and  second  toe  of  his  left  foot, 
and  feeds  himself  in  the  like  manner  with  a  spoon.  The 
above  account  has  been  transmitted  from  Ireland,  and  its 
accuracy  may  be  depended  on. — Edit." 

On  the  opposite  leaf  there  is  an  engraving  of 
his  likeness,  exhibiting  the  pen  between  his  toes, 
as  above  described.     He  is  in  a  sitting  posture. 

Probably  some  of  your  readers  can  tell  the 
subsequent  history  of  this  person.  Is  he  stiU  in 
life,  or  when  did  he  die  ?  G. 

Edinburgh. 

A  Short  Range.  — 

"  On  dit,  that  more  than  one  lady  shoots  at  Compiegne. 
There  is  no  novelty  in  the  fact.  The  Empress  of  Austria 
bagged  many  hares  in  the  preserves  of  Luxembourg  dur- 
ing the  Congress  of  Vienna;  and  one  may  see  in  the 
arsenal  of  Stockholm  a  long  rifle,  which  was  charged 
with  a  grain  of  lead,  and  with  which  Queen  Christine 
killed  time  by  shooting  at  flies  in  her  bed-room  ;  and  she 
missed  none." — "Echoes  from  the  Continent,"  Standard, 
Dec.  21, 1866. 

The  marvels  of  the  little  world  are  sometimes 
more  surprising  than  those  of  the  great,  and  I 
prefer  Christine's  rifle  to  Elizabeth's  pocket-pistol, 
which  promised  only  to  carry  a  ball  to  Calais,  but 
not  to  kill  a  crow  there.  As  an  "  arm  of  precision  " 
the  rifle  is  superior.  I  should  like  a  full  descrip- 
tion, but  as  few  of  your  correspondents  have  in- 
spected the  arsenal  at  Stockholm,  and  many  are 
scientific,  perhaps  one  wiU  calculate  the  diameter 
of  the  bore  suitable  to  a  grain  of  lead,  and  the 
amount  of  powder  required  to  propel  it.  Does 
any  memoir  of  that  age  describe  Christine's  style 
of  shooting  her  flies  ?     Waiting  for  further  infor- 


mation, I  will  presume  that  they  were  on  the 
wing,  as  it  would  have  been  mean  in  so  great  a 
sportswoman  to  shoot  them  sitting. 

During  the  early  experiments  with  the  Arm- 
strong gun  some  papers  gave  a  precise  account  of 
the  taking  aim  at  and  killing  some  geese,  at  the 
distance  of  seven  miles  and  a  half ;  but  Sir  William 
disclaimed  the  honour,  and  stated  his  belief  that 
the  only  weapon  which  had  done  execution  at  such 
a  range  was  the  JEnc/lish  longboxo. 

FiTZHOPKINS. 
Garrick  Club. 

"  STBiCTxnRES  ON  LAWYERS."  —  Who  was  the 
author  of  a  book  ''printed"  in  1790  "for  G. 
Kearsley,  Johnson's  Head,  Fleet  Street,"  8vo,  pp. 
2.32,  and  called  — 

"  Strictures  on  the  Lives  and  Characters  of  the  most 

Eminent  Lawyers  of  the  present  day,  including 

those  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  and  the  Twelve  Judges  "  * — 

And  was  the  second  volume,  "  confined  to  the  great 
Characters  of  the  Bar,"  stated  on  p.  223  to  be 
"  readyTor  the  press,  awaiting  the  Public  judgment 
upon  tire  Present,"  ever  published  ?  The  book 
is  not  noticed  in  either  Watt's  Biog.  Britan.  or 
Lowndes'  Manual.  Eric. 

Ville  Marie,  Canada. 

Lady  Tanfield. — I  wish  very  much  to  find  out 
who  was  the  wife  of  Sir  Laurence  Tanfield,  Baron 
of  the  Exchequer  in  the  time  of  James  I.  He  is 
buried  in  a  splendid  tomb  at  Burford,  but  his 
wife's  name  is  not  mentioned.  I  wish  to  know 
how  the  Tanfields  were  related  to  the  Lees  of 
Quarendon  and  Ditchley.  D.  B. 

Wooden  Effigy  of  a  Priest. — In  the  chancel 
of  Little  Leighs  church,  Essex,  is  a  recumbent 
eflBgy  of  a  priest  carved  in  oak,  vested  in  amice, 
alb,  stole,  maniple,  and  chasuble.  The  Rev.  F. 
Spurrell  considered  it  the  only  known  example 
of  a  ivooden  efiigy  of  a  priest  (see  Transactions  of 
the  Essex  Archmological  Soc.  ii.  167).  In  answer 
to  a  letter  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  on  the  subject,  Mr, 
Robinson  of  Derby  informed  me  that  one  existed 
in  the  church  of  All  Saints  in  that  town,  and  now 
"  remains  in  the  vaults  under  the  church,  but  is 
rapidly  decaying."  Mr.  Robinson  gave  an  extract 
from  Glover's  History  of  Derbyshire,  which  states 
the  effigy  is  supposed  to  be  the  Abbot  of  Darley. 
I  wish  "to  know  if  any  more  wooden  figures  of 
priests  are  known  ?  If  they  are  so  rare  some- 
thing ought  to  be  done  to  preserve  that  at  Derby. 
The  Little  Leighs  effigy  has  been  painted  in 
times  gone  by,  which,  though  it  did  not  improve 
its  appearance,  has  no  doubt  preserved  the  wood. 
John  Piggot,  Jtjn. 

XicCHA. — Was  there  any  Italian,  Portuguese, 
or  other  European  architect  who  can  be  identified 


[  *  The  authorship  of  this  work  was  inquired  after  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  2''d  S.  ii.  451.] 


3>-'«  S.  XI.  Jan.  19, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


57 


•with  one  of  this  name  who  was  in  India  about 
A.D.  962  ?  Mek^^aid. 

YoKKSHiRE  Sating. — In  looting  over  the  Neiv 
Monthly  Magazine  for  1827,  I  met  with  a  paper, 
headed  "  Conversations  of  Paley,"  communicated 
hy  the  author  of  Four  Years  in  France.  The 
compiler  of  these  Conversations  assumes  to  have 
Tseen  an  intimate  friend  and  warm  admirer  of  the 
Doctor.  Were  he  so  really,  I  think  he  would 
have  shown  greater  delicacy  in  throwing  a  veil 
over  a  good  deal  he  has  given  publicity  to.  My 
reason  for  troubling  you  on  the  present  occasion 
is,  to  ask  the  meaning  of  a  sentence  alleged  to 
have  been  used  by  Paley.   My  authority  states : — 

"  Sometimes  he  (i.  e.  the  Doctor)  did  not  disdain  to 
■use  purposely  a  vulgar  phrase.  Having  won  a  rubber  at 
whist,  he  cried  out  — '  Pay  the  people :  U.  P.  spells 
geslings.'  " 

What  does  this  sentence  mean  ?  Also,  I  should 
like  to  know  who  was  the  author  of  Fotir  Years 
in  France  ?  Apparently  he  was  a  convert  to  the 
Roman  Church,  and  had  been  an  Oxford  man.* 

Shajs^dost, 


Arthitb  Waewick. — In  a  little  book  called 
Spare  3Iimdes.  written  by  Arthur  Warwick,  and 
published  in  1637,  there  is  the  following  play  on 
this  word,  "  Rome  and  Room  "  (3'^<»  S.  x.  456)  :— 

"  I  find  no  happinesse  in  Eoome  on  earth — 'Tis  happi- 
nesse  for  me  to  have  roome  in  Heaven." 

Who  was  this  Arthur  Warwick,  and  did  he 
write  any  other  books  ? 

JoHx  Churchill  Sixes. 

Derby, 

[Nothing  is  known  of  the  personal  history  of  Arthur 
"Warwick  except  the  few  scattered  notices  of  him  in  his 
Spare  3Iinutes,  a  little  book  of  great  and  intrinsic  merit. 
The  author  was  a  clerg\-man,  and  a  deeply  pious  one,  for 
one  of  the  pieces  is  "  A  Meditation  of  the  Author's  found 
written  before  a  Sermon  of  his  for  Easter  Day;"  and 
"  Another  written  before  a  Sermon  of  his  on  the  51st 
Psalm,  verse  1."  The  date  of  the  first  edition  has  not 
been  ascertained;  the  second  is  dated  1634.  A  very 
neatly  engraved  emblematical  frontispiece,  by  Clarke, 
declares  it  to  be  lihellus  posthumus:  yet  it  is  dedicated 
*'  to  the  Right  Worshipful,  my  much-honoured  friend.  Sir 

[*  The  author  of  Four  Years  in  France,  8vo,  1826,  was 
the  Rev.  Henry  Best,  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Best,  a 
Prebendary  of  Lincoln,  who  died  June  29,  1782  ;  and  his 
mother  (the  daughter  of  Kenelm  Digby,  Esq.,  of  North 
Luffenhara)  died  April  10,  1797.  Their  son  was  of  Mag- 
dalen College,  Oxford ;  took  the  degree  of  MA.  June  22, 
1791,  and  was  admitted  into  orders  by  the  Bishop  of 
Norwich.  He  was  subsequently  rebaptized  in  the  Roman 
Church,  and  took  the  name  of  John,  in  honour  of  John 
Chrj'sostora.  He  also  published  two  other  works  :  (1.) 
Italy  as  it  is,  Lond.  8vo,  1828;  and  (2.)  Personal  and 
Literary  Memorials,  8vo. — Ed.] 


William  Dodiugton,  knight,"  M-ith  whom  the  author's 
acquamtance  was  "  short  and  small."  This  Sir  Wilham, 
living  on  the  borders  of  Wilts  and  Hants,  must  be  the 
knight  of  that  name  whose  son  was  executed  in  1630  for 
the  crime  of  murdering  his  mother.  "  The  Mind  of  the 
Frontispiece"  denotes  its  several  adumbrated  contents, 
and  is  signed  F.  Q.,  i.  e.  Francis  Quarles. 

The  Second  Part  of  Spare  Minutes  was  posthumous. 
It  has  another  engraved  title-page,  and  an  Elogium  upon 
the  author  by  George  Wither,  who  was  a  Hampshire 
man,  affording  another  probability  that  Arthur  Warwick 
was  of  that  county.  There  are  also  Latin  verses  by 
William  Haydock.  The  dedication  of  the  Second  Part  is 
"  to  the  vertuous  and  religious  gentlewoman,  my  much- 
esteemed  friend,  Mistresse  Anne  Ashton,"  and  is  signed 
Arthur  Warwick,  the  father  of  the  author. 

This  excellent  little  ft'ork  is  thus  favourably  noticed  by  a 
writer  in  the  Retrospective  Review  (ii.  45)  :  "  The  title-page 
indicates  the  nature  of  the  book,  which  is  a  very  valuable 
little  manual.  The  author  was  a  clergyman,  whose  high 
delight  was  to  hold  divine  colloquy  with  his  own  heart — 
'  to  feed  on  the  sweet  pastures  of  the  soul :'  he  was  an 
aspirant  after  good,  who  was  never  less  alone  than  when 
without  company.  The  style  of  his  work  is  as  singular 
as  its  spirit  is  excellent.  Brevity  was  his  laborious 
studj' — he  has  compressed  as  much  essence  as  possible 
into  the  smallest  space.  His  book  is  a  string  of  prover- 
bial meditations  and  meditated  proverbs.  He  does  not 
speak  without  reason,  and  cannot  reason  without  a 
maxim.  His  sentiments  are  apposite,  though  opposite ; 
his  language  is  the  appropriateness  of  contrariety — it  is 
too  narrow  for  his  thoughts,  which  show  the  fuller  for 
the  constraint  of  their  dress.  The  sinewy-  athletic  body 
almost  bursts  its  scanty  apparel.  This  adds  to  the  appa- 
rent strength  of  his  thoughts,  although  it  takes  from  their 
real  grace.  He  comprised  great  wisdom  in  a  small  com- 
pass. His  life  seems  to  have  been  as  full  of  worth  as  his 
thoughts,  and  as  brief  as  his  book.  He  considered  life 
but  his  walk,  and  heaven  his  home ;  and  that,  travelling 
towards  so  pleasant  a  destination,  '  the  shorter  his  journey 
the  sooner  his  rest.'  The  marrow  of  life  and  of  know- 
ledge does  not  indeed  occupy  much  room.  His  language 
is  quaint  in  conceits,  and  conceited  in  quaintness — it  pro- 
ceeds on  an  almost  uniform  balance  of  antitheses ;  but  his 
observations  are  at  once  acute,  deep,  and  practical."] 

PiJRCHAS  Family.  —  Can  you  inform  me  in 
which  of  the  earlier  numbers  of  "X.  &  Q."  in- 
formation was  given  respecting  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Purchas,  author  of  the  Pilgrimage,  and  also  re- 
specting Sir  William  Purchas,  who  was  Lord 
Mayor  of  London  in  1447  ?  T.  B.  Purchas. 

Ross,  Herefordshire. 

[No  notices  of  the  Purchas  familj--  have  appeared  in 
"N.  &  Q."  Fuller,  in  his  Worthies  of  England  ("Cam- 
bridgeshire "),  states  that  "  Sir  William  Purchas  (or  Pur- 
case)  was  born  at  Gamlinggay,  in  this  county,  bred  a 
mercer  in  London,  and  Lord  Mayor  thereof  anno  1497 
(not  1447).  He  caused  Moorfields,  under  the  walls,  to  be 
made  plain  ground,  then  to  the  great  pleasure,  since  to 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>^<i  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


the  great  profit,  of  the  city."  It  was  in  the  year  1498,  as 
Stow  informs  us,  that  "  all  the  gardens,  which  had  con- 
tinued time  out  of  mind  without  Moorgate,  to  wit,  about 
and  bej-ond  the  lordship  of  Finsbury,  M-eie  destroyed,  and 
of  them  was  made  a  plain  field  for  archers  to  shoot  in.'' 
(^Survey  of  London,  edit.  1842,  p.  159.)— The  Rer.  Samuel 
Purchas,  author  of  the  Pilgrimage,  was  born  at  Thaxted 
in  Essex  in  1577;  admitted  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, about  1590,  and  proceeded  Master  of  Arts  in  1600. 
In  1604  he  was  instituted  to  the  vicarage  of  Eastwood 
in  Essex,  and  in  1614  collated  to  the  rectory  of  St.  Mar- 
tin's, Ludgate,  London,  which  he  describes  as  a  "  beni- 
fice  notofthe  worst."  Purchas  made  his  will  on  May  31, 
1625,  and  died  before  the  end  of  September,  1626.  It  has 
been  frequently  stated  that  this  learned  divine,  towards 
the  close  of  his  life,  was  in  pecuniaiy  difiiculties  by  the 
publication  of  his  books  ;  but  his  embarrassments  were 
more  probably  occasioned  by  his  kindness  to  his  relations, 
who  stood  in  need  of  his  assistance.  Our  biographical 
dictionaries  give  some  particulars  of  Samuel  Purchas ; 
but  the  most  accurate  sketch  of  his  life  will  be  found  in 
the  Curiosities  of  Literature  Illustrated,  by  Bolton  Corn ey, 
Esq.  edit.  1838,  pp.  93 — 111,  who  informs  us  that  a  por- 
trait of  Purchas  is  prefixed  to  the  twelfth  part  of  the 
Fetits  Voyages  of  De  Bry  and  his  successors,  which  part 
was  edited  by  William  Fitzer. 

The  fair  sex  ought  surelj^  to  entertain  some  regard  for 
Samuel  Purchas,  for  in  his  Pilgrimage,  ed.  1617,  p.  232,  he 
tells  us  that  the  modern  Jews  say,  "Let  a  man  cloath 
himselfe  beneath  his  abilitie,  his  children  according  to  his 
abilitie,  and  his  wife  above  his  abilitie."  He  quaintly  in- 
troduces this  adage  by  premising,  "  I  would  not  have 
women  heare  it !  "  Again,  Purchas's  book  ought  to  have 
been  a  favourite  with  King  James  I.  on  account  of  the  way 
in  which  it  speaks  of  tobacco,  against  which  that  monarch 
Avrote  his  Counterblast.  Purchas,  in  his  chapter  about 
Trinidad  (p.  1018),  says,  that  Columbus  erroneously 
placed  the  seat  of  Paradise  in  that  island — "  to  which 
opinion,  for  the  excellencie  of  the  tobacco  there  found,  he 
should  happily  have  the  smokie  subscriptions  (t.  e.  as- 
sents) of  many  humorists,  to  whom  that  fume  becomes  a 
fooles  paradise,  which  with  their  braines  and  all  passeth 
away  in  smoke."  Xo  copy  of  Purchas's  Pilgrimage,  of 
course,  was  found  in  Dr.  Parr's  library !  ] 

"A  Letter  from  Albeiiarle  Street."  — 
Who  wrote  A  Letter  from  Alheniarle  Street  to  the 
Cocoa  Tree,  a  pamphlet  puhlished  by  Almon  in 
1764  ?  Ahnou  attributed  it  to  Earl  Temple ;  but 
as  he  attributes  the  Whirj  to  Junius,  I  doubt  his 
authority.  Why  Albemarle  Street  ?  Why  Cocoa 
Tree  ?  J.  Wilkixs,  B.C.L. 

Cuddiugton,  Aylesbury. 

[Does  not  Mr.  Smith,  the  well-informed  editor  of  The 
Grenville  Papers,  also  attribute  this  Letter  to  Lord 
Temple  ?  Our  correspondent  asks  "  Why  Albemarle 
Street  ?  Why  Cocoa  Tree  ?  "  We  must  tell  him,  then, 
that  they  were  the  rival  Clubs  so  well  described  in  the 
following  note  to  the  Cliatham  Correspondence,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  276-7 :  — 


"  The  opposition  Club  in  Albemarle  Street,  the  origin 
!  of  which  is  thus  described  in  the  History  of  the  Minority  : 
j  '  Early  in  the  winter,  some  gentlemen  of  weight  and 
character  proposed  to  the  party  a  scheme  of  association, 
the  purpose  of  which  was  to  keep  their  friends  together, 
I  and  to  give  them  the  pleasure  of  meeting  and  conversing 
with  each  other.  The  idea  was  approved  by  a  great 
part,  though  not  all  the  minority ;  and  a  tavern  in  Albe- 
marle Street,  kept  bj-  Mr.  Wildman,  was  fixed  upon  for 
the  place  of  meeting.  No  political  business  was  meant  to 
be  transacted  at  any  of  the  meetings.  The  intention  was 
simply  to  preserve  the  union.'  Of  the  ministerial  Club 
at  the  Cocoa  Tree,  Gibbon,  in  his  Journal  for  November, 
1762,  gives  the  following  description  : — '  This  respectable 
bod)-,  of  which  I  have  the  honour  of  being  a  member, 
aifords  every  evening  a  sight  truly  English, — twenty  or 
thirty,  perhaps,  of  the  first  men  in  the  kingdom,  in  point 
of  fashion  and  fortune,  supping  at  little  tables  covered 
with  a  napkin,  in  the  middle  of  a  coifee  room,  upon  a  bit 
of  cold  meat  or  a  sandwich,  and  drinking  a  glass  of 
punch.  At  present  we  are  full  of  king's  counsellors  and 
lords  of  the  bed-chamber  ;  who,  having  jumped  into  the 
ministry,  make  a  singular  medley  of  their  old  principles 
and  language  with  their  modern  ones.' "] 

St.  Simon  Stock;.— The  name  of  a  new  Roman 
Catholic  church  in  Kensington.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  learned  in  hagiography — by  which  I  mean, 
learned  in  saintly  legends — tell  who  St.  Simon 
Stock  was  ?  The  church  belongs  to  the  "  Confra- 
ternity of  the  Scapular,"  whatever  that  may  mean. 
The  scapulary  is  part  of  a  friar's  wardrobe ;  but 
a  confraternity  thereof  needs  explanation  to  those 
who  inhabit  the  gravel-pits.  C.  A.  W. 

May  Fair. 

[  St.  Simon,  surnamed  Stock,  from  his  abode  in  an  old 
stock  of  a  tree,  was  born  in  Kent,  of  honourable  pa- 
rentage, about  the  j-ear  11C5.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he 
withdrew  from  the  world,  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
service  of  religion.  "  Here  he  had,"  says  Leland,  "  water 
for  his  nectar,  and  wild  fruits  for  his  ambrosia."  In  1245 
he  was  appointed  General  of  the  Order  of  the  Carmelites ; 
and  shortly  after  his  promotion  to  that  dignity,  "  he 
instituted  the  Confraternity  of  the  Scapular  to  unite  the 
devout  clients  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  in  certain  regular 
exercises  of  religion  and  piety.  The  rules  prescribe, 
without  any  obligation  or  precept,  that  the  members  wear 
a  little  scapular,  at  least  secretly,  as  the  sj-mbol  of  the 
Order."  {Butler.')  St.  Simon  died  at  Bordeaux  in  France 
on  May  16,  1266,  and  M-as  buried  in  the  great  church  of 
that  town.  There  is  an  excellent  account  of  him  in 
Alban  Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints,  Ma^^  16.  Consult 
also  Britannia  Sancta,  4to,  1745,  i.  290 ;  Xewcourt's 
Repertorium,  i.  567;  and  Fuller's  Worthies  of  England, 
art.  "Kent."] 

Cardinal  Beatox. — Can  you  inform  me  of  the 
coat  of  arms  borne  by  Cardinal  Beaton,  and  where 


Z^^  S.  XI.  Jax.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


I  may  find  any  good  account  of  his  life  and 
family  ?  '  Sidxey  P.  Beexox. 

London,  248,  Strand,  W.C. 

[An  extended  and  carefully-written  memoir  of  Cardinal 
David  Beaton  is  printed  in  Chambers's  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary of  Eminent  Scotsmen,  i.  1G7-18";,  with  a  portrait 
engraved  by  S.  Freeman  from  a  painting  at  Holyrood 
House.  Consult  also  Lodge's  Portraits  of  Illustrious  Per- 
sonages, and  John  Smith's  Iconographia  Scotica  (both 
with  portraits)  ;  Kippis's  Biographia  Britarinica,  and  C. 
J.  Lycn's  History  of  St.  Andrews,  i.  28G-30G,  Beaton's 
arms,  as  given  in  Henry  Laing's  Catalogue  of  Ancient 
Scottish  Seals  (-Ito,  1850,  p.  149),  are  thus  described  :  — 
"  In  the  lower  part  of  the  seal  is  a  shield  quarterly,  first 
and  fourth,  a  fesse  between  three  lozenges,  for  Beton ; 
second  and  third,  a  chevron  charged  with  an  otter's  head, 
for  Balfour.  Above  the  shield  is  a  cross  bottone'e  sup- 
porting a  cardinal's  hat  and  tassels,  and  a  scroll  on  which 
is  inscribed  the  word  l^-TEXTIo."  For  notices  of  the  por- 
traits of  Cardinal  Beaton,  see  "X.&Q.,"  1^' S.  ii.  433, 
497.] 

MiAXXOXOirAU. — What  is  the  origin  of  Mian- 
tonomah,  a  name  given  by  the  Americans  to  one  of 
their  vessels  of  war  P  C.  E. 

[Miantonomah,  or  rather  Miantunuomoh,  was  one  of 
the  Indian  chiefs  of  North  America,  Avell  formed,  of  tall 
.stature,  subtil  and  cunning  in  his  contrivements,  as  well 
as  haughty  in  his  designs.  He  arrived  at  Boston  with 
his  wife  Wawaloam,  on  August  8,  1G32.  He  signally 
assisted  his  uncle  Canouicus  in  the  government  of  the 
great  nation  of  the  Xarragansets  (one  of  the  five  principal 
tribes  of  Indians  inhabiting  New  England),  then  at  war 
Avith  the  Pequots.  Sliantonomah  was  at  last  captured  hy 
the  chief  Uncas,  whose  brother  "  clave  his  head  with  an 
hatchet."  See  The  Book  of  the  Indians,  by  Samuel  G. 
Drake,  edit.  1841,  book  ii.  pp.  58  to  GG.] 


REV.  DE.  CHARLES  O'COXOR'S  "HISTORY  OF 

THE  HOUSE  OF  O'COXOR." 

(2»<'  S.  ix.  24.) 

The  "  Historical  Account  of  the  Family  of 
O'Conor  "  forms  part  of  a  volume  (from  p.  23  to 
p.  146)  of  which  the  title  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  the  late  Charles 
O'Conor,  of  Belanagare,  Esq.,  M.K.I.A.  By  the  Rev. 
Charles  O'Conor,  D.D.,  Member  of  the  Academy  of  Cor- 
tona.  Dublin :  piinted  bj-  J.  Mehain,  Xo.  49,  Essex 
Street." 

Two  copies  of  this  volume  are  now  lying  before 
me  :  one  belonging  to  the  Library  of  TrinUv  Col- 
lege, Dublin  ;  the  other  to  the  Kev.  J.  II.'Todd, 
D.D.,  Senior  Fellow  and  Librarian  of  the  said 
college.  Of  these  two  copies  the  former  is  the 
more  complete  and  genuine.  It  has  the  eight 
leaves  of  signature  A  (wanting  in  the  other  copy), 


containing  "A  Letter  in  Reply  to  the  Objections 
of  a  learned  Man,"  signed  Charles  O'Conor,  and 
dated  March  11,  179G.  It  has  also  pasted  into  it 
the  following  autograph  letter  from  the  reverend 
author  "  to  Henry  Taafe,  Esq." :  — 

"  Mr.  O'Conor  has  several  very  urgent  reasons  for  post- 
poning the  publication  of  this  work,  but  he  sends  it  to  a 
friend  on  whose  Jioiior  he  has  every  reliance. 

"  The  2nd  vol.,  which  is  infinitelj'  more  interesting, 
is  now  in  the  press.  Mr.  O'Conor  has  some  idea  of  re- 
printing this  with  important  additions  and  emendations. 
The  errors  of  the  press  are  very  barbarous,  and  the  printer 
has  not  done  any  justice  in  a  great  many  instances  which 
cannot  escape  Mr.  Taafe's  penetration."" 

Dr.  Todd's  copy  has  the  following  information 
in  MS.  pasted  on  a  fly-leaf :  — 

"  This  curious  and  very  scarce  volume  is  particularly 
valuable  for  the  information  it  afl'ords  of  the  incipient 
steps  taken  bj'  the  Roman  Catholics  for  the  repeal  of  the 
penal  laws.  The  first  volume  only  was  printed,  and  was 
suppressed,  and  almost  all  the  copies  destroyed  before  it 
v.as  published  ;  in  consequence,  as  is  supposed,  of  appre- 
hensions that  its  circulation  might  injure  the  family. 
The  second  volume  was  committed  to  the  flames  before  it 
was  printed,  at  the  author's  particular  request,  by  the  friend 
to  whose  care  it  had  been  entrusted.  A  copy  of  this  [the 
first]  volume  was  sold  at  Sir  Mark  Sykes's  sale  to  a 
bookseller  for  14?." 

On  the  fly-leaves  also  of  Dr.  Todd's  copy  the 
following  particulars  are  written  in  pencil  in  the 
handwriting  of  the  late  Mr.  Weaie,  of  the  Woods 
and  Forests,  whose  copy  it  was :  — 

'■  Dec.  15,  1834.  At  the  sale  of  Mr.  Heber's  library, 
SirMark  Sj'kes's  copv  was  this  day  bought  by  James  Bohn, 
the  bookseller,  for  61.— Bib.  Heber.,  part  iv.  Xo.  1270. 
It  contains  the  original  frontispiece  and  title ;  those  in 
the  present  volume  being  supplied  hy  a  Dublin  book- 
seller, and  are  not  copies  of  the  originals. 

'•  The  genuine  frontispiece  presents  a  miniature  por- 
trait within  an  oval,  supported  by  a  female  figure  on 
each  side,  '  H.  Brocas,  del'  et  sculpsit';  and  bears  this 
subscription  on  the  plate—'  Char''  O'Conor,  of  Belanagare, 
Esq.,  M.R.I.A.    .EtTatis  79.' 

"  The  genuine  title  corresponds  v.'ith  the  present  copy, 
except  that  the  blank  space  is  occupied  with  an  engraved 
vignette  ;  representing  on  its  right  a  round  tower,  di- 
lapidated and  ivied,  behind  whicli  is  proceeding  a  horse- 
man in  the  act  of  casting  a  spear,  and  attended  by  a 
hound ;  in  the  middle  distance  some  castellated  rjiins,  and 
on  the  left  foreground  some  shrub  or  Ashetellows. 

"  The  Rev.  Charles  O'Conor,  commonly  distinguished 
hy  the  name  of  the  Abbe  O'Conor,  author  of  these  Memoirs, 
died  at  Belanagare  July  29,  1828,  aged  [about  G7  or  G8]. 
See  Gentleman's  3Iagazine,  1828,  part  II.  4(56.  There  is  a 
folio  lithographed  portrait  of  him,  seated,  and  holding  a 
book,  which  was  executed  at  the  expense  of  Earl  Xugent 
for  private  distribution.  He  died,  under  a  suspension  of 
his  ecclesiastical  faculties,  broken-iiearted." 

The  College  library  copy  possesses  the  genuine 
frontispiece,  title,  and  vignette,  as  above  de- 
scribed. 'AAieuy. 

Dublin. 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3-i 


XL  Jan.  19  '67. 


CHUKCH  TOWERS  USED   AS  FORTRESSES. 
(S'l  S.  X.  473,  522.) 

The  example  cited  from  Bloxam's  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture of  Rugby  cliurcli  of  this  practice  in  the 
olden  time,  is  but  one  out  of  numberless  instances 
recorded  in  ecclesiastical  history  of  the  peculiar 
construction  of  the  tower  as  a  castle  for  defence. 
From  the  Dano-Saxon  derivation  of  the  name 
Eugby — namely,  a  town  in  a  rugged,  or  (as  we 
say  in  the  West  of  England)  an  outstep  place,  it 
was  probably  fortified  against  invasion  by  the 
Danes.  When  I  was  sojourning  last  year  at  Chel- 
tenham, I  went  over  to  examine  the  church  at 
Swindon,  two  miles  distant,  and  found  the  de- 
scription of  it  in  Davies'  Handbook  to  the  en- 
virons of  that  fashionable  watering-place  corre- 
sponding to  Rugby  church  :  — 

"  The  tower  is  an  unequal  hexagon,  witli  walls  of  mas- 
sive thickness,  and  evidently  built  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
fence. There  is  one  original  window  on  each  side  at  the 
top,  each  composed  of  two  narrow  loop-holes,  divided  by 
a  small  column,  but  gradually  shelving  out,  and  having, 
from  the  thickness  of  the  wall,  a  deep  recess  both  without 
and  within.  The  door-way  (square-headed)  is  under  a 
porch  on  the  north-east  side  of  this  tower.  When  this 
porch  was  blocked  up,  the  castellum  would  be  only  acces- 
sible bj'  an  exterior  staircase  on  the  west  side,  the  marks 
of  which  are  still  visible  in  the  wall,  where  now  a  de- 
corated window  has  been  inserted.  There  is  a  wide 
•opening  from  the  tower  to  the  nave  under  a  semicircular 
arch  with  Norman  pilasters  ;  but  between  the  nave  and 
the  only  aisle  (on  the  south)  are  two  perfectly  Roman 
arches  with  square  piers  and  imposts,  without  columns, 
pilasters,  or  capitals." 

This  accurate  description  will  supply  your  cor- 
respondent J.  W.  W.  with  all  the  information 
necessary  for  the  solution  of  his  query.  But  be- 
sides the  curious  fortified  tower  there  were  other 
peculiarities  in  the  church  at  Swindon  not  men- 
tioned by  the  Guide-book ;  e.  g.  in  the  nave,  on 
Ihe  capitals  of  the  pillars  on  either  side,  there 
were  grotesque  carvings,  after  the  fashion  of  Hol- 
l)ein's  Dance  of  Death,  of  a  Skeleton  Jester  re- 
minding the  rich  and  prosperous  sitting  at  their 
banquets  in  this  world  of  how  differently  they 
would  fare  when  he  had  conducted  them  out  of 
it.  Except  in  Wright's  Essay  on  the  Grotesque 
Caricatures  in  Mediceval  Churches,  I  have  never 
met  with  such  caustic  ridicule  on  the  vanity  of 
human  life  as  the  bony  jester  portrays  at  Swin- 
don. There  were  also  in  the  graveyard  yew-trees, 
from  their  size,  evidently  many  centuries  old, 
from  which,  according  to  the  common  legend, 
■our  Saxon  forefathers  cut  their  trusty  bows  for 
meeting  the  enemy  in  battle.  May  they  not  have 
shot  with  them  deadly  arrows  through  the  loop- 
holes in  this  impregnable  tower?  If  your  corre- 
spondent wishes  to  dive  deeper  into  the  subject; 
he  should  consult  Surtees'  History  of  Durham. 
There  he  will  learn  that  not  only  church  towers 


were  used  as  keeps,  but  bishops"  palaces,  and  even 
parsonage-houses  were  turned  into  fortalices,  little 
castles  for  defence  of  the  border  towards  Scot- 
land. "In  a  list  of  North mubrian  fortresses 
taken  during  the  reign  of  King  Henry  VI.,  for- 
tified parsonages  are  enumerated  among  the  /o?-to- 
Ucia,  or  lowest  order  of  castelets."  I  will  not 
trespass  further  on  your  cohuiins  to-day,  except 
to  ask  whether  the  Englishman's  boast,  "My 
house  is  my  castle,"  did  not  originate  from  the 
practice  here  described ;  and  if  not,  from  whom, 
and  in  what  age,  this  popular  domestic  motto  was 
adopted  by  our  Saxon  ancestors  ? 

QuEEif's  Gardens. 

The  church  of  Roos,  in  Holderness,  has  a  round 
tower  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  containing 
a  spiral  stone  staircase  which  leads  to  the  roof. 
This  tower  is  about  thirty  feet  high.  The  use  for 
which  it  was  intended  is  not  certain :  by  it  the 
sancte-bell  might  be  approached,  the  aperture  for 
which  still  remains  in  the  gable  of  the  nave.  The 
high  altar  could  be  reached  from  tlie  room  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  tower.  Poulson  {Hist,  of  Hold. 
ii.  97)  says,  that  it  maj^  also  have  been  used  for  a 
watch-tower,  as  the  church  stands  on  high  groimd. 
The  chamber  at  the  top  seems  to  favour  this  idea. 
Poulson  mentions,  as  examples,  Rugby,  Hepton- 
stall  in  York,  and  Great  Salkeld  in  Cumberland. 

In  Scaum's  Beverlac,  1829,  i.  210,  I  find  this  — 

[1447].  "Also  paid  the  same  day  to  several  men  for 
watching  in  the  belfry  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  at 
Beverly  for  one  daj-,  i^." 

W.  C.  B. 


The  following  is  from  the  account  of  the  chui'ch 
of  St.  Botolph,  Northfleet,  in  Murray's  Handbook 
for  Kent  and  Sussex  (p.  17,  ed.  186.3)  :  — 

"  The  tower  of  this  church  is  said  to  have  afforded  so 
conspicuous  a  mark  to  pirates  and  other  'water  thieves' 
sailing  up  the  river,  that  it  was  thought  necessary  to 
make  it  a  fortress,  like  many  of  the  church  towers  on  the 
English  borders.  It  has  been  partly  rebuilt ;  but  the 
steps  which  lead  from  the  churchyard  to  the  first  floor  are 
probably  connected  with  its  early  defences." 

I  notice  with  surprise  that  the  Handbook, 
usually  so  complete,  omits  to  mention  the  fine  archi- 
tecture of  this  church  and  its  fourteenth  century 
rood-screen.  E.  S.  D. 


In  reply  to  J.  W.  W.  I  would  mention  the 
tower  of  Cockington  church,  near  Torquay,  Devon, 
which,  being  provided  with  a  fire-place  and  a 
convenience  on  the  first  floor,  seems  to  have  been 
constructed  with  a  view  to  its  being  a  place  of 
refuge  or  concealment.  G.  H. 


3rd  s.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


61 


HEKEBEEICHT  PRESBYTER :  THE  MONKWEAR- 
MOUTH  EXCAVATIONS. 

(S'l  S.  X.  442.) 
In  reply  to  Mk.  Bottxell's  quer}^,  I  beg  to  state 
that  the  monumeut  of  Herebericht,  presbyter,  has 
been  used  as  a  headstone  apparently  inside  the 
church,  or  where  the  back  could  not  be  seen. 
Although  only  3  ft.  6  in.  high,  it  has  a  nobility 
only  paralleled  by  the  early  Saxon  architecture 
disclosed  at  the  same  time.  The  design  is  a 
Latin  cross  potent,  the  lowest  potent  being  ad 
libitum,  and  forming  the  base  of  the  cross,  which 
is  surrounded  by  a  rectangularly  edged  border. 
The  transverse  limb  is  narrower  than  the  vertical 
one.  Along  the  sides  of  the  stone  rims  a  roll 
moulding,  which  at  the  top  turns  into  two  curved 
designs,  which  do  not  meet,  but  end  in  curls  near 
the  centre,  something  after  the  fashion  of  many 
cases  of  eight-day  clocks  of  the  last  century.  At 
the  dexter  side  of  heralds,  the  roll  moulding  steers 
clear  of  the  cross ;  but  at  the  sinister  it  runs 
against  and  bends  round  the  transverse  limb,  re- 
turning into  its  original  line.  The  inscription  is 
in  the  quarters  separated  by  the  cross,  thus :  — 
hic         iNse 

PUL  CRO 

ReQv         lesciT 

COR  P0R6 

hERE  BERI  .  . 

chl  PRE 

The  surface  on  which  the  three  lines  above  the 
bar  are  carved,  is  higher  than  that  on  which  the 
last  three  appear,  though  I  think  coRPORe  is  not 
a  palimpsest.  But  after  it  the  surface  sinks  again, 
gradually,  and  the  words  hEREBERicliT  pre.  form 
a  palimpsest ;  in  which  the  lettering,  though  good, 
is  feebler  than  the  free  bold  character  of  the  first 
four  lines,  and  presents  E  instead  of  e.  As  indi- 
cated in  my  copy,  there  is  an  erased  letter  at  the 
end  of  the  fifth  line ;  indicating,  apparently,  an 
error  of  the  second  sculptor. 

It  has  been  suggested  by  Mr.  Abbs,  with  much 
probability,  that  the  person  originally  commemo- 
rated was  one  of  the  abbots  whose  remains  were 
transported  from  their  first  graves  into  the  east 
end  of  the  church.  There  they  would  be  other- 
wise commemorated,  and  their  old  monuments  be 
available  for  successors  without  impropriety. 

A  very  singular  use  of  the  turned  baluster 
shafts  has  recently  been  ascertained.  They  occur 
on  the  inside  of  the  splays  of  one  of  the  two 
windows  of  the  early  Saxon  gable,  which  were 
bloclved  by  the  subsequent  heightening  of  the 
portions  ingressus.  They  support,  not  the  arch, 
but  the  jambs,  which  are  monolithic,  and  run 
through  from  the  outside.  The  height  of  these 
balusters  is  much  the  same  as  that  of  those  of  the 


doorway,  and  is  equivalent  to  the  slope  of  the 
sills,  which  at  the  elevation  of  the  windows  in 
question  is  considerable.  The  shafts  have  pro- 
jected a  little  beyond  the  plane  of  the  wall :  the 
projection  has  been  hacked  away.  The  other  win- 
dow will  doubtless  be  found  to  agree.  This  dis- 
covery is  another  proof  that  the  porticus,  though 
not  bonding,  is  a  work  dating  immediately  after 
the  gable.  W.  H.  D.  Longstafpe. 

Gateshead. 

DANTE  QUERY. 
(3"i  S.  X.  473.) 
In  reply  to  Mr.  Boxtchier,  I  beg  to  say  that  I 
have  had  considerable  practice  in  translating  from 
the  Italian,  and  some  of  my  translations  have 
passed  the  ordeal  of  public  criticism.  I  have  not 
the  slightest  hesitation  in  characterising  Gary's 
rendering  of  "  Esca  sotto  focile  "  into  "  uuder  stove 
the  viands  "  as  a  gi'oss  blunder.  Cibo  or  vivanda 
would  be  the  proper  Italian  for  ''viands.'*  JEsca 
means  "  a  bait."  Stufa  is  the  ordinary  word  for 
"a  stove,"  never /o«7e.  I  cannot  conceive  any 
excuse  for  Gary's  blunder.  His  English  too,  in 
this  instance,  makes  nonsense  of  the  passage. 
Dante  has  just  described  fire  descending,  as  it 
were,  in  flakes,  and  kindling  into  flame  the  sands 
on  which  the  condemned  were  walking.  The 
comparison  to  tinder  catching  fire  from  the  sparks 
of  flint  and  steel  is,  as  usual  with  Dante,  admir- 
ably close.  But  what  can  any  one  make  of  a 
simile  to  "viands  under  a  stove"?  Where  do 
we  see  such  a  collocation  ?  If  viands  were  ever 
placed  ^mder  a  stove,  would  they  catch  fire  ?  It 
is  sheer  nonsense.  It  is  just  possible  that  Gary 
mistook  focile  for  fucina  (a  forge)  ;  but  that  is 
hardly  more  excusable  than  the  blunder  of  a 
North  American  reviewer,  who,  in  translating 
Manzoni's  Napoleon  Ode — in  the  passage  where 
the  poet  supposes  that  the  hero,  musing  on  the 
rock  at  St.  Helena  and  gazing  towards  France 
might  well  feel  despair  in  his  soul — mistakes  the 
word  disperb  for  dispart,  and  makes  Napoleon's 
soul  "  fly  away  and  disaj)2oear  !'"  M.  H.  R. 

In  answer  to  Mr.  J.  BotrcHiER's  query,  respect- 
ing the  correct  translation  of  the  words  "com' 
esca  sotto  il  focile,"  in  Dante's  Inferno  (b.  xiv.),  I 
reply  that  I  consider  Mr.  Gary's  rendering  of  the 
passage  to  be  even  more  correct  than  that  given 
by  any  of  the  translators  mentioned  by  your  cor- 
respondent. Mr.  Gary  thus  translates  the  lines: — 
"  The  marie  glow'd  underneath,  as  under  stove 
The  viands,  doubly  to  augment  the  pain." 

Vol.  i.  p.  119,  ed.  London,  1819. 

The  accomplished  translator  supports  the  ren- 
dering, by  referring  in  a  note  to  the  authority  of 
an  eminent  Italian  commentator  of  Dante  named 
Frezzi,  who  illustrates  the  meaning  of  the  words 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[SrdS.  XI.  Jan.  ]9,'C7. 


thus  :  "  Si  come  1'  csca  al  foco  del/oc/Ze."  Hence, 
Mr.  Gary  considered  that  he  had  good  authority 
for  translating  the  word  esca,  by  "viands";  and 
focile  (or  fncile),  by  "  oven."  Still,  Mr.  Wright's 
translation  — 

"  Whence  like  to  tinder,  under  flint  mid  steel. 
The  soil  ignited  to  augment  their  pain," — 

may  also  be  adopted,  as  esca  is  often  used  to 
mean  the  food  or  nourishment  on  which  the  fire 
feeds,  vs^hich  is  struck  from  the  focile,  or  flint. 
But  as  Mr.  Gary  is  seldom  or  ever  "caught  nap- 
ping," I  certainly  prefer  his  translation, 
Norwich. 


J,  Dalxois". 


I  should  venture  to  translate  the  passage  thus  : 
''  So  descended  the  eternal  fire ;  whence,  as  the 
sand  burned  they  (the  souls)  were  like  food  under 
burning  coals  to  double  their  pain."  The  poet 
alludes  to  a  method  of  cooking  very  common  in 
the  Middle  Ages,  laying  steaks  or  rashers  of  meat 
on  the  glowing  embers,  and  then  covering  them 
over  ^vith  a  layer  of  the  same.  The  souls  were 
stretched  ou  burning  sand,  and  flakes  of  fire  fell 
continuously  and  heavily  on  them;  therefore,  the 
pain  Y/as  double,  that  is,  from  above  and  from 
below.  The  early  part  of  this  stanza  alludes  to 
Alexander  the  Great ;  and  we  are  told  in  the 
commentary  of  Landino  that  the  idea  is  taken 
from  a  tradition  that,  when  he  was  in  India,  the 
army  came  to  a  place  where  the  sand  was  burning 
hot,  and  flakes  of  fire  fell  from  heaven.  Focile, 
or  as  the  old  editions  read  fncile,  signifies  the 
small  pieces  of  charcoal,  the  French  braise :  the 
large  pieces  are  called  carboni.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

In   a  translation   of  the   Inferno,   by  "Hugh 
Bent"    (a    nom- de-plume),   London,    printed   by 
K.  Glay,  Son,  and  Taylor,  1862  (not  published) 
the  passage  in  question  is  rendered  thus  :  — 
"  Thus  the  eternal  burning  fell  below, 
^Vhence  kindled  was  the  sand,  as  tinder  grows 
Hot  'neath  the  steel,  to  double  all  their  woe." 

Though  but  a  poor  Italian  scholar  myself,  I 
believe  that  my  friend  the  translator  has  caught 
the  true  meaning  of  his  great  author. 

W.  J.  Bernhaed  Smith. 

Temple. 


Gary  is  clearly  in  the  wrong :  "■  Gom'  esca  sotto 
il  focile  "  is  correctly  rendered,  "  as  tinder  beneath 
the  flint  and  steel."  See  the  following  in  addi- 
tion to  the  translations  mentioned  :  — 

Ford:  "like  tinder  beneath  the  steel." 

Wilkie :  "  like  to  tinder  when  the  flint  is 
struck." 

Brizeux  :  "  corame  Vamorce  sous  la  pierre. 

Mesnard:  '•'comme  Tamorce  au  choc  de  la 
pierre."  Jtjxta  Tukkim. 


VENERABLE  BEDE. 
(S'-'i  S.  X.  412,  513.) 
In  the  more  ancient  Galendars  of  the  English 
Ghurch  this  eminent  man  is  commemorated  on 
May  2G,  together  with  St.  Augustine,  the  apostle 
of  the  English.  This  was  the  day  of  his  death 
(depositio).  In  a  MS.  Galendar  preserved  at  Dur- 
ham, belonging  to  the  early  part  of  the  twelfth 
century,  there   is   this   entry  on  May  26 :    "  sci 

AT7GTJSTINI    AECHIEPI    &     BEDS     (co.)."        Similar 

entries  are  found  on  the  same  day  in  an  ancient 
Saxon  Codex,  probably  of  the  year  1031,  preserved 
in  the  British  Museum  (Vitellius,  E.  xviii.),  and 
in  a  Galendar  of  the  Church  of  Exeter  of  the  time 
of  Henrv  II.  (Harl.  MS.,  God.  843.)  Hampson's 
Medii  yEvi  Calendarium,  \o\.  i.  pp.  42G,  405. 

In  the  Kal.  Salamense,  written  about  the  year 
1000,  we  have  this  entry  :  "  vii.  kai.  Junii,  Depo- 
sitio Augustini  Confessoris,  Bedfe  presbyteri  ;  " 
whence  it  appears,  says  Mabillon,  that  both  died 
on  the  same  day ;  but  in  order  that  each  might 
have  his  own  proper  day,  the  festival  of  Bede  was 
remitted  to  the  dav  following,  that  is  to  Mav  27. 
{Veter.  Analect.,  p"  18,  fol.  Par.  1723.)  Mabillon 
notices  at  the  end  of  an  ancient  hymn — "  vi.  id. 
Mali  (May  10)  natalis  S'ci  Bedte  Presbyteri," 
which  he  supposes  to  be  the  day  of  his  transla- 
tion. (Hampson.  M.  .E.  C.  vol.  ii.  28.) 

In  a  MS.  Galendar  of  the  Church  of  Durham  of 
the  fourteenth  century  (Harl.  MS.  Cod.  1804), 
we  find  May  27,  "  Gomm.  Bede."  The  day  does 
not  occur,  so  far  as  I  know,  in  the  Galendar  pre- 
fixed to  the  Salisbury  JMissal ;  at  any  rate  I  do  not 
find  it  in  an  edition  printed  in  1514,  now  before 
me.  On  the  otlier  hand,  May  27  is  devoted  to 
the  Venerable  Bede  in  the  Calendar  prefixed  to 
the  Enchiridion  ad  usum  Sariim,  1530. 

Bede  was  buried  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Jarrow, 
and  in  1020  his  remains  were  conveyed  to  Ditr- 
ham,  and  in  1155  inclosed  in  a  rich  shrine.  Most 
probably  Oct.  29  commemorates  one  of  these  two 
latter  events. 

I  conclude  with  a  query : — How  is  it  that,  in  the 
Prayer-Book  Calendar,  June  17  is  assigned  to  St. 
Alban,  Martyr,  instead  of  June  22  ?  I  find  this 
latter  day  given  to  St.  Alban  in  all  Galendars 
which  I  have  examined,  except  in  the  Ancient 
German  Martyroloiiy ,  edited  by  Beckius,  where 
St.  Alban's  Dav  is  June  21.        Johnson  Baily. 


Edavakd  Norgate  (3"^  S.  xi.  11.)  —  In  the  re- 
gister of  burials  in  the  parish  of  S.  Benet,  Paul's 
Wharf,  I  find 'this  entry:  — "Mr.  Edward  Nor- 
gate,  A  Harrold,  Buried"23  December,  1650." 

J.  H.  Go  WARD,  Pectoe. 

Hannah  Lightfoot  (3'''^  S.  xi.  11.)— I  am  glad 
to  see  that  the  question  of  this  alleged  marriage  of 
George  the  Third  has  attracted  the  attention  of 


S'-i  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


63 


one  wlio  seems  to  take  a  correct  view  of  the  value 
of  the  story.  If  there  be  nnj  foundation  for  it,  it 
is  certainly  remarkable  that  it  should  have  escaped 
the  knowledge  of  Horace  Walpole,  vrho  does  not, 
I  believe,  make  a  single  allusion  to  it.  Contrast 
this  v^'ith  the  details  which  he  gives  us  of  the 
Icing's  passion  for  Lady  Sarah  Lennox,  and  the 
inference  that  there  is  no  foundation  for  the  Light- 
foot  scandal  seems  inevitable.  Where  is  the  lirst 
allusion  to  it  injjrmt?  H.  L. 

CAtriioN  TO  Book-Btjxers  (S""*^  S.  xi.  32.)  — 
Some  time  ago  a  similar  hoax  was  attempted  upon 
me.  I  advertised  in  your  most  valuable  corner 
for  old  books,  for  a  rare  service  booli,  and  received 
an  answer  that  I  might  purchtise  one  on  vellum, 
and  printed  onh/  on  one  side.  I  thought  to  myself 
that  I  had  for  once  fallen  in  for  a  wonderful  piece 
of  good  luck ;  but  there  was  an  addition  to  the 
offer — namely,  that  the  book  being  at  present  in 
pawn  for  a  debt  of  one  sovereign,  I  must  advance 
so  much  before  I  could  see  the  book.  If  I  did 
this  I  was  then  informed  that  a  lo3G  Bible 
should  also  be  offered  me  at  a  very  reasonable 
price.  Luckily  I  did  not  pay  the  money,  but 
wrote  to  the  person  who  was  said  to  have  the 
custody  of  the  books,  telling  him  I  was  ready  to 
pay  all  expenses  upon  receipt  of  the  books.  The 
letter  was  returned  through  the  Dead  Letter 
Office,  the  person  not  being  known.  I  make  a 
rule  of  never  prepaying  a  book  bill.  J.  C.J. 

Bkeech-Loaders  (3'''1  S.  x.  507.) — I  have  in 
my  possession  a  Jlini-loch  breech-loader.  The 
stock  is  mounted  with  a  steel  plate  bearing  the 
crest  of  the  Cave  family,  and  the  initials  "  T.  C," 
coupled  by  an  escutcheon  on  which  is  engraved 
the  usual  Ulster  hand. 

Presuming  that  this  gun  belonged  to  the  last 
Sir  Thomas  Cave,  who  died  1792,  it  would  be 
about  seventy-six  years  old.  The  maker's  name 
on  the  barrel  is  "  H.  Delany,  London." 

The  lock  is  made  with  a  box  connected  with 
the  pan,  and  which  w^onld  contain  sufficient 
powder  to  charge  the  pan  six  times.  The  barrel 
acts  upon  a  hinge,  and  on  pulling  back  the  trigger 
guard,  it  turns  upwards  and  allows  of  a  small 
casing  or  tube  to  be  taken  out  for  loading,  which, 
when  done,  is  merely  shoved  home  and  the  barrel 
shut  back  to  its  original  place.  During  this  process 
of  loading,  the  pan  charges  itself  by  means  of  an 
internal  scoop  entering  the  side  of  the  powder- 
box,  thus  forming  a  double-action  breech-loader. 

LioM.  r. 

Rev.  Wir,  Chafin,  Attthor  of  "  CRAKBOtrEN 
Ckase  "  (3"i  S.  x.  494.)  —  When  in  1839  I  was 
compiling  A  Chroniele  of  Cranhorne  and  its  Chase, 
wliich  was  published  in  1841,  I  took  the  liberty 
of  addressing  a  letter  to  the  late  Lord  Montagu 
in  reference  to  the  statement  in  Lockhart's  Life 


\  of  Scott,  V.  187,  1st  edxc,  and  received  from  his 
'  lordship  the  following  courteous  reply  :  — 


^Sir 


•  Ditton  Park,  March  27,  1839. 


"  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  be  able  to  satisfy 
your  curiositj'  as  to  the  fulfilment  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
promise  referred  to  in  the  letter  you  quote  from  the  fifth 
:  vol.  of  Lockhart's  Life.  Sir  Waltei-'s  reading  was,  as  is 
i  well  known,  very  various,  and  he  often  directed  the  attcn- 
j  tion  of  his  friends  to  books'  that  from  their  irregularity 
had  attracted  his  notice  ;  among  others  he  more  than  once 
mentioned  to  me  Cranborne  Chase  as  having  afforded  him 
entertainment,  and  at  his  recommendation  I  got  it.  You 
I  maj'  believe  I  did  not  neglect  his  hint  of  having  some 
blank  leaves  bound  up  with  the  work  ;  and  rather  un- 
reasonablj^  considering  how  much  he  had  then  on  his 
hands,  inserted  half  a  dozen.  When  I  visited  him  in 
1822  (I  think)  I  left  the  volume  with  him,  and  was  very 
well  contented  on  its  return  to  see  a  page  and  a  half 
covered  with  his  handwriting.  The  anecdotes,  though 
laughable,  are  hardly  such  as  I  should  like  to  give  a  copy 
of;  but  should  I  ever  have  an  opportunity,  I  should  have 
no  objection  to  allow  you  the  gratification  of  reading 
them  in  the  original  handwriting  of  one  who,  by  charac- 
ter at  least,  seems  to  have  been  so  well  acquainted  with 
the  author  of  the  Chase,  in  which  you  take  so  strong  an 
interest. 

"  I  am,  Sir, 

"  Your  most  ob*  Ser*, 

"  Montagu." 

I  regret  that  I  have  never  had  an  opportunity 
of  availing  myself  of  his  lordship's  kind  offer  of 
inspecting  this  curious  volume.  But  as  to  the 
story  of  Mr.  Chafin's  sporting  proclivities  mani- 
festing their  early  development  in  the  shooting  of 
his  father's  favourite  cat,  and  in  the  display  of  his 
inventive  faculties  consequent  thereupon ;  being 
desirous  of  some  corroborative  authority,  I  wrote 
to  the  Rev.  William  Butler,  a  gentleman  as  well 
known  in  Dorsetshire  as  Mr.  Chafin  himself  as  a 
celebrated  sportsm.an,  who  favoured  me  with  the 
following  answer :  — 

"  I  believe  that  I  am  now  the  only  one  of  the  late  Mr. 
Chafin's  many  friends  that  has  not  followed  him  to  that 
bourne  from  whence  no  traveller  returns.  I  heard  of  the 
anecdote  of  him  mentioned  in  Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott, 
but  during  the  7na>ii/  hours  so  pleasantly  spent  in  his 
societ}',  I  never  to  the  best  of  my  recollection,  which 
now  (from  my  far  advanced  period  of  life)  frequently  fails, 
heard  my  early  friend  Mr.  Chafin  mention  the  circum- 
stance alluded  to." 

I  may  add  that  I  was  intimately  acquainted 
with  Mr.  Chafin's  niece,  who  resided  with  him 
manjr  years  up  to  the  period  of  his  death,  and  I 
never  heard  her  mention  the  anecdote  reported 
of  her  imcle.  I  remember  hearing,  when  a  boy  at 
school,  that  the  Rev.  Wm.  Butler  was  kept  a  pri- 
soner in  his  attic  by  his  father,  aud  amused 
himself  there  by  catching  tom-tits  in  horse-hair 
springes  from  his  window.  The  one  story  may 
be  as  apocryphal  as  the  other,  but  neither  of  them 
is  an  improbable  illustration  of  a  propensity  '•  that 
seems  to  be  inherent  in  human  nature,"  as  Gilbert 
White  observes.  W.  W.  S. 


64 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-i  S.  XI.  Jait.  19,  '67. 


The  Order  oe  St.  Maxtrice  and  Sx.  Lazarus 
(3">  S.  X.  455.)— D.  P.  asks  :  "  Do  we  ever  hear 
of  it  in  England  ?  Very  likely  any  one  may  who 
chooses  to  inquire."  This  remark  is,  of  course, 
equally  applicable  to  any  foi'eign  order  of  knight- 
hood :  we  do  not  hear  much  of  them  unless  we 
"choose  to  inquire."  But  D.  P.  should  not  allow  his 
political  or  religious  hias  to  lead  him  to  indulge 
in  unworthy  sneers  at  everything  pertaining  to 
the  person  who  is  King  (not  merely  of  Piedmont, 
but)  of  Italy.  The  order  is  one  which  has  at 
various  times  been  conferred  on  many  English- 
men, among  whom  I  may  mention  Admiral  Lord 
Exmouth  and  the  Crimean  general  officers  :  it  is 
one,  therefore,  of  which  a  well-informed  English- 
man may  know  something  without  much  inquiry. 
I  am  not,  I  confess,  so  liberal  as  to  approve  of  the 
decoration  therewith  of  the  infidel  M.  Renan. 
Nor  could  I  repress  a  doubt  as  to  which  was  most 
wanting  in  good  taste,  the  Most  Faithful  King 
who  conferred  the  Order  of  Christ,  or  the  Jew 
financier  who  accepted  it.  At  the  same  time  we 
"who  live  in  glass  houses  should  not  throw 
stones."  We  must  not  forget  that  the  English 
government  conferred  the  noblest  order  of  Chris- 
tian chivalry  on  a  Sultan  of  Turkey ;  and  decor- 
ated with  (in  its  origin)  the  stUl  more  decidedly 
religious  Order  of  the  Bath,  a  man  stained  with 
at  least  a  dozen  cold-blooded  murders,  Jung 
Bahadur  Coomaranagee,  prime  minister  of  Ne- 
paul.  J.  Woodward. 

Montrose,  N.B. 

RoTAL  Arms  of  Prussia  (3'-'*  S.  x.  448.)— The 
escutcheon  of  Prussia,  as  given  by  INIe.  Davidson, 
is  (as  he  appears  to  suspect)  not  nearly  complete, 
even  if  we  disregard  the  quarterings  brought  in 
"by  her  recent  annexations,  and  which  indeed  have 
not  yet  been  formally  incorporated  with  it. 

The  "Majestats-Wappen  "  established  by  the 
royal  decree  of  Jan.  9, 1817,  consists  oi  forty-eight 
quarterings  (not  thirty-six),  and  four  (not  three) 
inescutcheons.  Mr.  Davidson  vvill  like  to  have 
them  in  order :  —  i.  Silesia,  ii.  Lower  Pthine, 
ni.  Posnania,  rv.  Saxony,  v.  Engern,  vi.  West- 
phalia, VII.  Guelders,  viii.  Magdeburg,  ix.  Cleves, 
X.  Juliers,  xi.  Berg,  xii.  Stettin,  xiii.  Pomerania, 
XIV.  Cassuben,  xv.  Duchy  of  Wenden,  xvi.  Meck- 
lenburg, XVII.  Crossen,  xviii.  Thuringia,  xix.  Up- 
per Lusatia,  xx.  Lower  Lusatia,  xxi.  Quarterly 
(1,  Chalons;  2  and  3,  Orange;  4,  Neufchatel— 
over  all,  Geneva),  xxii.  Isle  of  Rugen,  xxiii. 
Quarterly  (1  and  4,  Paderborn;  2  and  3,  Pyrmont), 
XXIV.  Halberstadt,  xxv.  Munster,  xxvi.  Minden, 
xxvn.  Kammin,  xxviii.  Frincipality  of  Wenden 
(different  from  xv.),  xxix.  Principality  of  Schwe- 
rin,  xSx.  Ratzeburg,  xxxi.  Meurs,  xxxii.  Eichs- 
feldt,  XXXIII.  Erfurt,  xxxiv.  Nassau,  xxxv.  Hen- 
neburg,  xxxvi.  Ruppin,  xxxvii.  Marck,  xxxvni, 
Ravensberg,  xxxix,  Hohenstein,  XL.  Tecklenburg, 


XLi.  County  of  Schwerin,  XLii.  Lingen,  XLiii. 
Sayn,  xliv.  Rostock,  xxv.  Stargard,  xlvi.  Arens- 
berg,  XLvii.  Barby,  and  xlviii.  the  "Regalien" 
quarter. 

The  inescutcheons  are :  i.  Prussia,  n.  Branden- 
burg, III.  Burgraviate  of  Niirnburg,  and  iv.  Prin- 
cipality of  Hohenzollern. 

It  is  too  early  to  speculate  as  to  the  additional 
quarterings,  or  their  arrangement ;  the  whole 
escutcheon  will  probably  be  remodelled.  The 
county  of  Ravensberg  was  part  of  the  territory  of 
Juliers,  and  was  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  or  rather,  I  think,  on  the  Maas.  "  A  fine 
big  shield  manufactured  for  England  out  of  her 
palatinates,  duchies,  counties,  and  towns,"  would 
differ  essentially  from  the  great  Prussian  escut- 
cheon, inasmuch  as  the  latter  consists  of  an 
aggregation  of  the  quarterings  of  states  and  ter- 
ritories all  formerly  independent ;  but  one  might 
fairly  desire  to  see  the  principality  of  Wales,  the 
Isle  of  Man,  and  the  various  colonies  of  our  vast 
empire,  represented  in  an  English  '^  MajestJits- 
Wappen."  An  inspection  of  the  shield  of  Prussia, 
and  the  evidence  thereby  afforded  of  her  insa- 
tiable ambition  and  aggressive  policy,  ought  to  be 
sufficient  to  con-vince  those  (happily  becoming 
fewer  every  day)  who  sneer  at  heraldry  and  fail 
to  recognise  that  wliich  is  evident  to  its  least 
diligent  student — namely,  its  vast  utility  as  a 
handmaid  to  history.  John  Woodward. 

Montrose,  N.B. 

Stricken,  or  well  stricken,  in  Years,  or  in 
Age  (S"""^  S.  xi.  12.)  —  H.  can  hardly  need  to  be 
reminded  of  the  well-known  Scriptural  instances. 
Gen.  xviii.  11,  xxiv.  1;  Josh.  xiii.  1,  xxiii.  1,  2; 
1  Kings  i.  1 ;  Luke  i.  7,  18.  There  does  not  seem 
much  difficulty  in  it.  "Years"  means  old  age, 
which  is  looked  on  as  a  sort  of  infirmity  or  cala- 
mity of  nature ;  and  ''  stricken  "  means  visited  or 
afflicted.  The  addition  of  "  well "  is  of  course 
immaterial.  In  every  case  the  Greek  has  simply 
irpo^f^riKds,   advanced;    'njj.ipS)s,   or   iv  i^fxepais,   or 

Tjixepals.  LyTTELTON. 

Hagley,  Stourbridge. 

The  true  meaning  of  this  phrase,  concerning 
which  your  correspondent  inquires,  "stricken  in 
years,"  would  seem  to  be  "far  advanced,  far  gmie, 
in  years."  The  verb  to  strike,  amongst  other 
significations,  sometimes  meant  "to  go  forward, 
to  proceed  onwards  "  (see  Halliwell  and  Wright). 
So  also  the  participle  stricken  signified  "far  gone, 
advanced'^  (Wright).  Hence  " strickeii  in  years" 
:=" advanced  in  years."  The  German  verb  streichen 
sometimes  bears  a  corresponding  signification; 
^^  streichen,  to  move  forward,  to  pass  on" — "Das 
Schiff  streicht  durch  die  Wellen. "  Nor  has  our  own 
vernacular  lost  all  traces  of  a  similar  meaning  in 
the  verb  to  strike ;  as  when  we  speak  of  striking 
out  in  a  new  direction,  striking  into  a  different 


S'-d  S.  XI.  Jax.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


path,  &c.  Hence  will  appear  the  peculiar  pro- 
priety of  such  phrases  in  our  Authorised  Version 
of  the  Bible  as  ''well  stricken  in  age,"  "stricken 
in  years ;  "  where  "  stricken,"  in  the  sense  of  "  ad- 
vanced," faithfully  represents  the  original.  See 
Gen.  xxiv.  1,  Josh.  xiii.  1,  where  in  the  Hebrew 
we  find  D'D^3  N'l,  which  signifies  "fa?-  (/one  in 
life"  (literally  ^'advanced  in  days"),  i.  e.  "stricken 
in  years."  Hence  the  Septuagint  has  irpo^e/SrjKws 
■finepaof,  and  Ostervald  "  avance  en  age."  St.  Luke, 
too,  according  to  his  wont,  Hellenising  the  He- 
brew phrase  in  his  Gospel,  i.  7,  gives  us  ■upofie- 
Ptj Kws  iv  rrah  vfiepais.  And  our  own  Version,  as  if 
to  preclude  the  possibility  of  a  misunderstanding 
as  to  the  sense  in  which  it  employs  the  phrase 
"well  stricken  in  age,"  appends  in  explanation  the 
marginal  note  on  Gen.  xxiv.  1,  "gone  into  days." 
Shakspeare's  "well  struck  in  years"  is  simply 
"  well  stricken  in  years  "  in  another  form. 

SCHIN. 

Book  Inscription  (3'^  S.  x.  390,  461.)  —The 
hymn  referred  to  is  by  Samuel  Grossman,  and 
was  published  by  him  along  with  some  others 
in  1664,     I  append  it :  — 

"  1.  My  life's  a  shade,  my  days 
Apace  to  death  decline ; 
My  Lord  is  life,  he'll  raise 
My  flesh  again,  even  mine. 
Sweet  truth  to  me, 
I  shall  arise. 
And  with  these  eyes 
My  Saviour  see. 
"  2.  My  peaceful  grave  shall  keep 
My  bones  till  that  sweet  day 
I  wake  from  my  long  sleep. 
And  leave  my  bed  of  clay. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c. 
*'  3,  My  Loi-d  His  angels  shall 

Their  golden  trumpets  sound, 
At  whose  most  welcome  call 
My  grave  shall  be  unbound. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c. 
"  4.  What  means  mv  beating  heart 
To  be  afraid  of  death  ? 
My  life  and  I  shan't  part, 
Tho'  I  resign  my  breath. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c. 
"  5.  I  said  sometimes  with  tears. 
Ah,  me !  I'm  loath  to  die  ; 
Lord,  silence  thou  these  fears. 
My  life's  with  Thee  on  high. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c. 
"  6.  Then  welcome,  harmless  grave, 
By  thee  to  Heaven  I'll  go ; 
My  Lord  His  death  shall  save 
Me  from  the  flames  below. 
Sweet  truth  to  me,  &c." 

EesuPvGAM. 

The  Rextans  (3"'  S.  x.  493.)  — A  sect  was 
founded  in  Scotland  in  1679  by  Mr.  Cameron,  a 
Presbyterian  minister,  and  called  after  him  Came- 
ronians  or  Mountaineers.     Cameron  and  his  fol- 


lowers attempted  to  oppose  Sir  John  Graham ;  he 
was  killed,  and  some  of  his  followers  were  made 
prisoners.  When  King  James  published  the  indul- 
gence for  liberty  of  conscience  they  would  not 
accept  it,  but  followed  James  Hemvick,  who  was. 
afterwards  hanged  at  Edinburgh.  Perhaps  this- 
was  the  sect  mentioned  by  your  correspondent. 
John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Betting  (3''''  S.  x.  448,  515.)  — I  am  very  glad 
to  see  this  query.  There  is  no  doubt  the  deposit- 
ing one  article  against  another  in  the  hands  of  a 
stake-holder  to  abide  an  event  is  of  very  old  date. 
The  instance  from  Theocritus  is  paralleled  in  the 
third  eclogue  of  Virgil.  But  we  have  no  mention 
nor  idea  of  what  is  commonly  called  "  odds  "  in 
classic  writers.  Men  wagered  or  staked  one  thing 
against  another  in  classic  times — it  may  have  been 
on  gladiators,  or  on  chariot  races,  blues  or  greens ; 
but  there  seems  to  have  been  no  five  to  four,  seven 
to  eight,  on  or  against,  even  the  racers  in  the 
days  of  Justinian,  when  the  circus  often  flowed 
with  the  blood  of  the  opposing  parties,  so  earnest 
and  absorbing  was  the  struggle.  The  earliest 
mention  of  a  calculation  of  odds  wouldbe  a  curi- 
ous addition  to  the  history  of  the  manners  and 
customs  of  dififerent  periods.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Levesell  (S^-^  S.  X.  508.)  — The  glossary  ta 
Speght's  Chaucer  gives  "levesell,  a  bush."  The 
Parson  in  his  tale  alludes  to  the  bush  hung  over 
the  tavern  door  as  a  sign.  The  same  glossary 
gives  "  lessell "  (twihmculum),  a  bush  or  hovel. 
Your  correspondent  is  no  doubt  correct  in  deriving 
the  word  from  a  cell  of  leaves,  as  a  hovel  made  of 
branches  and  covered  with  leaves ;  but  it  seems 
from  the  giossaiy  in  this  special  instance  the  allu- 
sion is  to  the  bush  formerly  hung  out  to  indicate 
the  sale  of  wine  in  England  as  it  now  is  in  Italy. 
From  whence  our  old  proverb,  "  Good  wine  needs 
no  bush."  A,  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Christmas  Box  (S'-^  S.  x.  502.)  —  I  have 
always  been  told  the  phrase  arose  from  the  circum- 
stance that  a  box  was  usually  placed  in  the  halls 
of  old  mansions,  into  which  visitors  were  expected 
to  drop  some  contribution  for  the  Christmas  vails 
of  the  servants,  as  well  as  something  to  keep  up 
the  old  associations  of  the  season.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Pronunciation  of  English:  Rome,  Room^ 
&c.  (S""^  S.  X.  456;  xi.  26.) — I  am  surprised  none 
of  your  contributors  have  mentioned  Earl  Russell 
as  a  steadfast  adherent  to  the  old  affectations  of 
pronunciation.  He  not  only  says  Room  and 
doom  for  Rome  and  dome,  but  obleege  and 
francheese.  About  the  time  of  the  celebrated 
Willis's  Rooms  convention  in  1859,  a  capital  tra- 
vestie  of  Horace's  "  Donee  gratus  eram  tibi  "  ap- 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-<i  S.  XI.  Jax,  19,  '67. 


pearecl  in  Punch,  purporting  to  be  bv  Lord  Derby, 
who  thus  introduces  it :  — 

"  Dear  Punch,  —  I  threw  the  enclosed  off  this  morning, 
■when  I  was  shaving,  and  nicked  my  nose  when  I  came  to 
obleege.    Yours,  Derby."  j 

Obleor/e  bsing  one  of  the  rhymes  put  in  Lord  John's  j 
mouth.     Cucumber  is  still  pronounced  coommhei' 
in  the  west  country  and  in  Scotland.     There  are  ; 
a  good  many  curiosities  of  expression  and  pro-  j 
nunciation  at  Oxford.     Berkshire  is  always  called 
JSarkshire;    Magdalene  College,  Maudlin  by  the 
University,    but  Mag'len   by  the  natives,  whose 
dialect,  by  the  way,  is  about  the  most  coarse  and  I 
mean  of  any  in  England.  High  Street,  Turt  Street,  ; 
and  Broad  Street  are  always  The  High,  The  Turt,  i 
The  Broad.      St.   Aldutis    they   call    St.    OrcTs.  \ 
Soldiers  have  some  peculiarities  of  pronunciation,  i 
A  pouch  is  a  i^ooch;  rations,  rash-nns;  a  chaho,  a 
shahoo;  a  subaltern,  a  subaltern.     These  last  in- 
stances remind  me  how  accentuation  changes  as 
well  as  the  vowel-sounds.     Deuteronomy  is  now 
Deuteronomy  ;  interesting,  interesting ;  and  com- 
pulsory, compulsory.     The  old  rule  that  the  h 
commencing  words  derived  from  the  Latiu  should 
not  be  aspirated,  is  fast  becoming  obsolete.    Uriah 
Heep  finished  off  'umble ;  'ospital  is  very  seldom 
heard  now.     Shall  we  ever  say  ^our  ?  X.  C. 

That  Rome  was  pronounced  Eoom  is  certain.  As 
a  poetical  testimony,  we  may  cite  the  lines  relat- 
ing to  Belinda's  hair,  in  The  Rap?  of  the  Lock  :  — 

"  This  Partridge  shall  behold  with  glad  surprise, 
When  next  he  looks  thro'  Galileo's  eyes ; 
And  hence  the  egregious  wizard  shall  foredoom 
The  fate  of  Louis  and  the  fall  of  Rome." 

W.  E. 

Broadleas,  Devizes. 

Eglinto^-  Tourxamenx  (3'-''  S.  x.  322,  404; 
xi.  21.) — Li  the  list  given  at  the  last  of  the  above 
references, I  find  "Knight  of  Swan,  Hon.  W.  Jern-  \ 
ingham."  This  should  be  Knight  of  the  IVJiite 
Sioan,  the  crest  and  one  of  the  supporters  of  the 
arms  of  Stafibrd  being  a  white  swan,  which  occa- 
sioned the  knight  to  assume  that  designation.  The 
name  should  be  the  Hon.  Edward  Staford  Jern- 
inr/ham.  He  was  the  second  son  of  the  late  George 
Lord  Stafford,  whose  children  by  royal  license 
bear  the  surname  of  Stafford  Jernino-ha'm. 

F.  C.  H. 

Booe;  dedicated  to  the  Virgin-  Mart  (3'"'^  S. 
X.  447 ;  xi.  23.)  —  I  cannot  make  out  the  exact 
complaint  or  objection  of  Mr.  Wixg.  If  he  ob- 
jects to  a  book  of  a  religious  character  being  de- 
dicated to  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary,  he  may  as 
well  object  to  churches,  religious  houses,  and  even 
streets  bearing  her  name,  and  scruple  to  walk 
down  Ave  Maria  Lane.  But  if  his  objection  lies 
against  the  expression  "  Mary,  Mother  of  Divine 
Grace,"  any  Catholic  will  assure  him  that  the 
phrase  simply  means  Mother  of  Him  xvho  is  the 


Fountain  of  Divine  Grace ;  even  as  the  expression 
"Mother  of  God"  is  only  intended  to  signify  JibiAer 
of  Him  iclio  is  God,  in  which  sense  it  was  sanc- 
tioned in  the  word  QeoroKas  bv  the  General  Council 
of  Ephesus,  held  in  431.        "  F.  C.  H. 

LixEs  0^-  xit3  Eucharist  (3''*  S.  v.  43S;  x. 
519.) — I  have  heard  that  these  lines  were  written 
by  the  Princess  (afterwards  Queen)  Elizabeth, 
when  she  was  in  confinement  under  the  reign  of 
Queen  Mary,  in  answer  to  those  who  wished  to 
entrap  her  into  some  admissions  as  to  the  doctrine 
of  transubstantiation.  Any  historical  proof  of  this 
Avould  be  very  valuable.  A,  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

"Merci:"  "Thanks"  (.3"^  S.  x.  455,  620.)  — 
As  the  word  "  Merci "  has  again  been  revived  in 
your  numbers,  I  just  take  the  liberty  of  informing 
C.  A.  W.  that  when  "  Merci "  is  used  alone  it 
means  nothing  else  than '' No,  thank  j'ou;"  but 
that  in  polite  society  we  very  seldom  hear  the 
word  "merci"  without  its  adjuncts  "  oui,"  or 
"  non,"  or  "  bien."  "  Dieu  merci  "  means  grace  a 
Bieu.  'S.  H. 

BuRjriXQ  HA.IR  (3"'  S.  x.  146.) — In  India  when 
a  Mahomedan  exorcist  is  engaged  casting  out  a 
devil  from  a  possessed  person,  he  plucks  some  hairs 
off  his  head,  puts  them  in  a  bottle,  and  burns  it,  I 
find  the  following  in  my  note-book,  though  I  can- 
not now  remember  from  what  work  I  copied  it. 
In  1593  a  family  of  the  name  of  Samuel,  consist- 
ing of  husband,  wife,  and  daughter,  were  con- 
demned at  Huntingdon  for  afflicting  some  young 
ladies  of  the  name  of  Throgmortou  with  de^dls. 
Dame  Samuel  underwent  much  ill-usage  at  the 
hands  of  Mrs.  Throgmortou  and  her  friend,  Lady 
Cromwell )  amongst  other  things  whicli  they  did 
was  to  clip  some  of  Dame  Samuel's  hair,  and  burn 
it  as  a  charm  against  her  spells.  H.  C. 

Crammer  Family  (3"»  S.  x.  431,  483.)  —In  a 
paper  by  Chancellor  Massingberd,  read  at  Notting- 
ham in  1S53  {^Architectural  Societies,  ii.  343),  it  is 
stated  that 

"there  is  no  record  that  Thomas,  only  son  of  the  arch- 
bishop, ever  married.  Of  two  daughters,  Alice  and  Mar- 
garet, one  only  appears  to  have  survived  her  father. 
Nothing  further  is  known  concerning  them,  except  that 
the  survivor,  Margaret,  -was  restored  in  blood,  together 
with  her  brother  Thomas,  by  the  reversal  of  their  father's 
attainder  hy  Act  5  Eliz.,  Private  Acts,  c.  17.  Feb.  17, 
1562-3." 

F.  L. 

Kell  Wells  ('.S'^  S.  x.  470.) — I  am  sorry  that 
I  cannot  enlighten  your  correspondent  on  the 
etymology  of  hessels  and  posscls  (which  I  have  my- 
self gathered  in  times  long  past,  when  a  schoolboy, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Kell  Well),  but  hell  is 
evidently  synonymous  with  ivell,  and  signifies  a 
well  or  spring  of  water ;  the  latter  word  having 
been  added  when  the  meaning  of  the  former  has 


3^'!  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


become  forgot.  It  is  of  Scandinavian  origin  (Old 
Norse,  7ve/f/«;  Uanisli,  7vf/f/e;  Swedish,  7c«//«),  and 
is  one  of  the  many  traces  of  the  occupation  of 
Lincolnshire  and  other  eastern  counties  by  the 
Danes  and  the  Normans,  as  the  Norwegians  are 
styled  by  their  neighbours  at  the  present  day. 
There  is  a  village  called  Normanbj^  quite  adjacent 
to  Kell  Well.  The  same  word  in  its  two  forms  of 
kcJl  and  held  occurs  frequently  in  Westmoreland, 
Cumberland,  and  other  parts  of  the  north-west, 
where,  as  is  well  known,  in  former  times  many  of 
the  Northmen  took  up  their  abode,  and  to  whom 
we  are  probably  indebted  for  such  names  asThrel- 
keld,  Salkeld,  Kellet,  and  Cold  Keld,  which  the 
locality  contains.  J.  W. 

Aberford. 

Hoese-Chestkijt  (.3^^  S.  x.  452,  523.)  —  W. 
should  have  mentioned  the  curious  fact  that  in 
Greek  the  preiix  I-w-ko-  (as  well  as  fiuv-)  is  used  in 

the  words  l-ir-n-ouapa6poi',  'nr-Koa^Kiuov,    'frrirori  (pia,  &C., 

with  the  same  signification  of  something  coarse  or 
large,  as  in  our  horse-laugh,  horse-radish,  horse- 
mushroom,  and  (perhaps)  horse-leech.       E.  S.  D. 

Harvey  Astoi^  (3'-'>  S.  x.  475.)  —  In  the  reply 
to  the  query  respecting  Col.  Harvey  Aston  it  is 
stated  that  he  left  at  his  decease  an  only  son.  He 
left  two  sons,  Henry  Charles  and  Arthur  Ingram, 
and  one  daughter,  Harriet,  married  to  Col.  Edmund 
Henry  Bridgeman,  E.  E.  E.  W. 

BoAvs  AND  Arrows  (S"'  S.  x.  523.)— I  find  when 
the  Marquis  of  Hartford  was  besieged  in  Sherbourn 
Castle  by  the  Earl  of  Bedford,  in  1G42,  that  pro- 
positions to  the  earl  for  surrender  were  shot  over 
the  walls  attached  to  an  arrow.  Can  we  suppose 
that  there  were  archers  in  those  days  ?         E.  V. 

Somerset. 

Jolly  (.S'"  S.  x.  609.)—"  Jolly  "  was  surely  by 
no  means  an  uncommon  word  before  the  time  of 
Chaucer.     In  Herbert   Coleridge's  Dictionary  of 
Words  of  the  Thirteenth   Centxm/,  there  are  two 
references  to  said  adjective,  one  of  which  I  quote  : 
"  Heo  is  dereworthe  in  day, 
Graciouse,  stout,  ant  gay, 
Gentil,_;Wy/so  the  jav,"  Ac. 
(Wright's  Lyric  Fottry,  Temp.  JEdward  I.  p.  52,  Percy 
Soc.) 

In  Sir  Gaioayne  mid  the  Green  Knic/ht  (Early 
English  Text  Society),  which  the  editor  date's 
"  about  1320—30,"  we  have,  1.  86, 

"Bot  Arthurewolde  not  ete  til  al  were  serued, 
He  wat)  so  loly  of  his  loyfnes,"  &c. 

In  Earh/ English  Alliterative  Poems  {B.  E.T.  S.) 
of  tame  date  as  "  Sir  Gawayne,"  Jolly  occurs 
(under  forms  Jolef,joli/f,  or  Joli})  no  less  than  five 
times.  I  quote  one  instance  — 
"  So  cumly  a  pakke  of  loly  luele."— 7%e  Pearl,  1.  928. 
Other  examples  might  be  found  in  yet  earlier 
English,  I  have  no  doubt.        Johx  Adpls,  Jux. 


I      Duke  oe  Geammont  (3''''  S.  x.  408,  616.)— A 

j  story  not  very  unlike  this  is  told  of  Floris  Rade- 

wijnzoon   (Florentius  Eadwini)   the  successor  of 

Geert  Groote  (Gerardus  Magnus)  in  the  headship 

of  the  Brothers  of  the  Common  Life.     It  is  said 

I  that  — 

I  "  His  loT)g  and  repeated  fasts  had  so  completely  de- 
stroyed  his  sense  of  taste,  that  once,  as  his  biographer 

!  relates,  intending  to  drink  off  a  tumbler  of  beer,  he  swal- 

!  lowed  oil  instead  ;  and  that  without  discovering  his  mis- 
take till  it  was  pointed  out  to  him." — Neale's  Hist,  of  the 

,  so-called  Jansenist  Church  of  Holland,  p.  85. 

I  I  cannot  understand  how  fasting  could  destroy 
1  the  sense  of  taste,  and  I  question  if  "  tumbler,"  or 
I  any  Dutch  or  Flemish  equivalent,  is  the  proper 
I  word  to  use  for  a  drinking  vessel  of  the  fourteenth 
century.  K.  p.  D.  E. 

A  Christening  Sermon  (3'-'>  S.  xi.  10.)— At 
the  period  of  the  ''Domestic  Chronicle"  the  bap- 
tismal office  was  used,  as  it  now  again  generally- 
is,  after  the  second  lesson  of  the  Sunday  or  Holy- 
day  service.  The  "Christening  Sermon"  was, 
therefore,  doubtless  delivered  at  the  usual  time, 
and  was  quite  independent  of  the  office  of  bap- 
tism. The  clergy  were  more  apt  then  than  no"w 
to  seize  occasions  of  baptisms,  marriages,  funerals, 
&c.,  to  preach  en  the  doctrines,  duties,  and  warn- 
ings connected  with  such  events ;  and  the  preacher 
who  "bestowed  a  Christening  Sermon"  probably 
only  took  advantage  of  the  sacrament  which  had 
been  administered,  to  impress  upon  the  congrega- 
tion the  doctrine  of  baptism,  or  to  exhort  parents 
and  sponsors  to  train  up  the  children  committed 
to  their  care  in  the  way  they  should  go. 

H.  P.  D. 

Callabre  (S'd  S.  xi,  10.)  —  Callalre  is  a  word 
added  by  the  editors  to  the  edition  of  NaresV. 
Glossary,  1859.  They  give  the  meaning,  "  a  sort 
of  fur,"  quoting  the  very  passage  in  question. 
_  Halliwell  and  Wright,  in  their  archaic  dic- 
tionaries (both  spelling  calaber),  give  the  same 
meaning,  "  a  kind  of  fur." 

Halliwell  gives  three  references,  of  which  one 
is  to  Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  242,  where  the  word 
thus  occurs :  — 

"  Here  colere  splayed,  &  furn'd  with  ermyn,  calabere^ 
or  satan." 

I  do  not  imderstand  the  exact  distinction  be- 
tween the  aldermen  of  the  "graye-cloakes"  and  of 
the  cullahrc.  It  seems  clear,  however,  that  "  the 
Aldermen  of  the  Auncients  graye  Clokes"  (as 
tliey  are  called  lower  down  in  tliis  same  "  Order 
of  the  Hospitals,"  &c.),  are  superior  functionaries 
in  some  way. 

The  document  in  question  is  printed  at  large  in 
Stow' s  Survey  of  London,  Appendix,  vol.  ii.  p.  70.3, 
ed.  1755.  John  Addis,  Jun. 

Old  Proverb  ;  Spider  (3''''  S.  xi.  32.)— I  ven- 
ture to  suggest  that  the  origin  of  the  tradition 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S"^"!  S.  XI.  Jan.  19,  '67. 


mentioned  by  Henderson  may  liave  been  tbe  in- 
cident related  of  Mahomet  on  his  flight  from 
Mecca — viz.  that  while  concealed  in  the  Cave  of 
Thor,  some  of  the  tribe  of  Koreish,  who  were  in 
pursuit,  came  to  the  mouth  of  the  cave ;  but  on 
perceiving  a  spider's  web  and  a  pigeon's  nest  pro- 
videntially placed  there,  they  concluded  that  the 
cave  was  solitary  and  did  not  enter  it.  (  Vide  Gih- 
hon's  Roman  Empire,  chap.  50,  ed.  MuiTay,  1855.) 

u.  c. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Tlie  Shakespeare-Expositor:  an  Aid  to  the  Perfect  Under- 
standing of  Shakespeare's  Flays.  By  Thomas  Keightley, 
Editor  of  the  Plays  of  Shakespeare.  (Kussell  Smith.) 
The  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  have  received  so  many  proofs 
of  Mr.  Keightley's  critical  acumen,  varied  learning,  and, 
what  is  no  less  important  for  a  commentator,  power  of 
appreciating  the  spirit  of  his  author,  that  they  will 
readily  believe  the  present  volume  to  be  one  which  well 
deserves  the  attention  of  all  students  of  Shakespeare.  It 
was  originallv  intended  to  form  the  complement  to  Mr. 
Keightley's  edition  of  Shakespeare's  Plays  ;  and  is  there- 
fore very  judiciously  printed,  so  as  to  range  with  those 
handsome  little  volumes.  But  it  is  applicable  to  many 
■others,  and  Mr.  Keightley  himself  regards  it  as  peculiarly 
adapted  to  The  Globe  Shakespeare.  The  Introduction,  in 
which  the  author  has  endeavoured  to  reduce  emendatory 
■criticism  to  rule  and  law,  should  be  carefully  studied  by 
all  who  would  trj'  their  hands  at  removing  any  of  the 
■difficulties  or  obscurities  in  the  text  of  our  great 
Dramatist.  Indeed,  it  will  well  repay  all  readers  of 
Shakespeare. 

Shakespeare  illustrated  by  Old  Authors.  By  WilUam 
Lowes  Rushton.  The  First  Part.  (Longman.) 
The  Shakespearian  Illustrations  contained  in  this 
volume  are  selected  from  those  contributed  by  the  author 
since  the  vear  1859  to  the  Berlin  Society  for  the  Study  of 
Modem  Languages.  Mr.  Rushton,  who  anticipated  Lord 
€ampbell  in  the  endeavour  to  prove  by  a  careful  ex- 
■amination  of  the  Plays  that  Shakespeare  was  a  lawyer, 
here  furnishes  some  very  apt  illustrations  of  obscure  pas- 
sages, and  words  and  expressions  of  doubtful  meaning,  by 
.appropriate  extracts  from  authors  whom  Shakespeare  had 
probablj'  read. 

Publishers  and  Authors.     By  James  Spedding.     (Russell 
Smith.) 

Mr.  Spedding  proposes  a  reform  in  the  relations  be- 
tween authors  and  publishers,  and  especially  in  that  sys- 
tem of  agreement  which  is  called  "  half  profits,"  in  which 
the  publisher  makes  profits  in  which  the  author  does  not 
share.  But  his  idea  of  authors  doing  without  publishers, 
and  being  their  own  booksellers,  is  perfectly  impracti- 
cable ;  and  woiild  bi-ing  back  men  of  letters  to  the  con- 
dition in  which  they  were  when  thej^  had  to  seek  fees  for 
dedications,  and  suffer  the  humiliation  of  a  subscription 
list. 

Books  Received. — 
The  Herald  and  Genealogist.  Edited  by  J. Gough  Nichols. 
PaH  XXI. 

Mr.  Nichols  keeps  up  well  the  interest  of  this  useful 
work.  Sheriffs'  Seals,  Monuments  and  Heraldry  of  Old 
Chelsea  Church,  Peerage  of  Ireland,  and  Doubtful  Baro- 


netcies, are  among  the  most  piquant  papers  in  the  pre- 
sent Number. 

The  Book-Worm:    an  Illustrated    Literary  and  Biblio- 
graphical Review.      No.  XII. 
Early  Dutch,    German,  and  English  Printers.     Part  II. 
By  J.  Ph.  Berjeau. 

We  congratulate  M.  Berjeau  on  the  completion  of  the 
first  volume  of  The  Book-  Worm,  with  its  hundred  capital 
facsimile  illustrations,  and  the  progress  of  his  useful  series 
of  Printers'  Marks. 

An  Account  of  the  Parish  of  Sandford,  in  the  Deanery  of 
Woodstock,  Oxon.  By  the  Rev.  E.  Marshall,  M.A. 
(Parker.) 

One  of  those  concise  and  accurate  accounts  of  a  rural 
parish  so  creditable  to  the  authors,  and  so  useful  to  future 
inquirers,  for  which  we  have  recently  been  indebted  to 
many  of  the  Clergy. 

CasselFs  Choral  Music,  selected,  marked,  and  edited  by 
Henry  Leslie.  Number  I.  Price  Twopence.  (Cassell.) 
A  Five-Part  Song,  "  How  soft  the  Shades  of  Evening 
creep,"  the  words  by  Heber,  the  music  by  Henry  Smart, 
carefully  edited  and  beautifally  printed  for  twopence, 
even  in  this  age  of  cheap  music,  must  command  the 
patronage  of  all  lovers  of  Choral  Music. 

The  Rev.  J.  G.  Wood  is  preparing  a  companion  book 
to  his  large  Illustrated  Natural  Histoiy,  under  the  title 
of  Routledge's  Illustrated  Natural  History  of 
Man,  in  all  countries  of  the  world.  The  work  wiU  be 
embellished  with  designs  illustrative  of  the  Manners, 
Customs,  Religious  Rites,  Superstitions,  Dress,  Habita- 
tions, Weapons,  Instruments,  Implements,  &c.,  in  use 
among  the  inhabitants  of  every  part  of  the  globe,  and 
will  be  issued  in  Shilling  Monthly  Parts. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED   TO   PURCHASE. 
Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  foUowine  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose :  — 

M.  A.  Pladti  Comedi^.    Vol.  EC.    C.  H.  Weise.     Quedlinburgi  et 
Lips.  1847. 

Wanted  by  Mev.  J.  C.  Jackson,  5,  Chatham  Place  East, 
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Select  Letters,  edited  by  Thos.  Hull.    2  Vols.  8vo.    Dodsley,  1778. 
Wanted  by  Dr.  de  Meschin,  5,  Fig-tree  Court,  Temple. 

Hogarth's  Engraving  of  Captain  Coram. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  M.  Cooke,  43,  Acton  Street,  W.C. 


We  are  compelled  to  postpone  until  next  week  Mr.  ChappelVs  paper  on 
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Ale;  and  many  other  interesting  papers,  which  are  in  type. 

Dr.  Williams'  Libbart  is  now  accessible  to  the  public,  at  No.  38, 
Queen's  Sguare,  Bloomsbury. 

DcTCH  Cdstom.  Mr.  Carttar  has  written  to  express  his  regret  that 
he  omitted  to  state  that  he  took  his  reply  from  Chambers's  Journal, 
T.  15. 

Early  English  Text  Societt.  TAe -Secretary/ is  Henry  B.  Wheatley, 
Esq.,  53,  Berners  Street,  W. 

Eboracdm  will  find  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  Folly  in  our  2nd  S. 
ii.  ■136. 

H.  FisHwicK.  TM  first  edition  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (^London 
1647,  folio)  contains  thirty-six  plays. 

L.  B.  is.  we  fear,  not  aware  of  the  existence  of  our  Indices  to  the  1st 
and  2nd  Series.    For  Handicap,  see  1st  S.  xi.  384,  434,491.— -Weapon 

Salve,  2nd  S.  vii.  231,299,  402,445;  viii.  190,  237;  3rd  S.  X.  92 (xaB- 

>-all(Rev.Wm^),  lets.  vi.  414,544;  X.  404. 

BcNTiNo's  Irish  Music.  There  were  three  separate  volumes.  See 
"  N.  &  Q."  1st  S.  iv.  452. 

J.  A.  G.  Wood  (.AtheniB  Oxon.  ii.  676,  by  Bliss),  u-Ao  gives  an  ex- 
tended account  of  the  xvorks  of  Wye  Saltonstall.  knew  very  little  of  his 
■personal  history.  Some  notices  of  him  and  family  may  be  found  xn 
"  N.  &  Q."  2nd  S.  xi.  409,434,  513;  xii.  354, 372,  460. 

"Notes  &  Quebies"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


NOTES  AND  aUERIES: 

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Part  IL 

Chap.     XXV.  Harlesh  Castle. 

„     XXVI.  Evil  Tidings. 

„  XXVII.  Pages  from  the  Queen's  Journal. 

„  XXVIII.  Meeting  with  old  Friends. 

2.  Social  Dangers. 

3.  Rhoda,  a  Devonshire  Eclogue. 

4.  English  Premiers. 

VIII.  Charles  James  Fox  (concluded). 

5.  The  Column  of  Trajan. 

6.  Catholic  Questions  for  the  New  Session. 

7.  Ancor-Viat— A  New  Giant  City. 

8.  Our  Librarj'  Table. 

Dean  Stanley  on  Loreto— Poujoulat,  Histoire  de  France- 
Tales  of  the  Early  Christians— Nampon,  Etude  de  la  Doc- 
trine Catholique— More  about  Barsetshire— To\vnshends 
Modern  Geometry— Ante-Nicene  Library— Thistledown— 
Miscellaneous— Note  to  the  Article  on  "Irish  Birds'-Ncsts." 
London :   SIMPKIN,  MARSHALL,  &    CO. 

Now  ready,  in  crown  Svo,  10s.  6d. 

CURIOSITIES   OF   CLOCKS   AND 
WATCHES, 

FROM  THE  EARLY  TIMES. 

By  EDWARD    J.    WOOD. 

"  The  curiosities  of  the  subject  ore  infinite  ;  and  5Ir.  Wood  delights 
in  collecting  old  legends,  quaint  stories,  waifs  and  strays  from  the  stasre, 
sweet  songs  of  poets,  and  moral  sayings  of  the  wise,  so  that,  in  fact,  we 
turn  from  page  to  page  with  unflagging  interest,  and  can  hardly  shut 
the  book  until  we  have  reached  the  end."— Guardian 

RICHARD  BENTLEY,  New  Burlington  Street. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XL  Jan.  26,  '67. 


Ti 


PAPER  AND   ENVELOPES. 

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36s.        WARD'S  PAZiS  SHERRir        36s. 


H 


EDGES    &    BUTLER,  Wine   Merchants,    &c., 

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SHERRY. 


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PORT. 
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CLARET. 
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BURGUNDY. 
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72«.;  C5teR6tie.60s.,72s.,  84s.;  Cortoa,  Nuits,  Romance,  Clos-de-Vou- 
ge6t,&c.;  Chablis,  24s.,30s.,36s.,42s.,48s.;Montrachet  and  St.Peray; 
Bparkling  Burgundy,  &c. 

HOCK. 
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MOSELLE. 
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3rd  S.  XI.  Jajt.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


69 


LONDON^,  SATURDAY,  JAXVARY  26,  1SG7. 


CONTENTS.— No  265. 


]SrOTES:  — An  old  Book  from  the  Library  of  Gibbon,  C9  — 
Inscriptions  on  Portraits,  71  —  The  Destruction  of  Priest- 
ley's Library  in  1791,  72  — Alleged  Longevity:  Mary  Ann 
Donovan:  Mary  Galligan  :  Peggy  Walsh  —  The  Head  of 
Cardinal  Richelieu— Hoop  Petticoats— Wadmoll  —Theatre 
Mottoes— Samian  Pottery —Shakspeariana :  "  Merry  Wives 
of  Windsor,"  72. 

QUERIES :  —  Thomas  Lord  Cromwell,  a  Singer  and  Come- 
dian, 74  —  Adolphus's  "History  of  England"  — Age  of 
Ordination  in  Scotland  in  1G82  —  Angels  of  the  Churches, 
Rev.  1.  —  Bernard  and  Lechton  Families  —  Caricatvires  — 
Church  Dedication:  Wellingborough  — Cromwell's  sailing 
for  America  —  Andrew  Crbsbie  —  Epigram  —  "  Gluggity 
Glug  "  —  Hip  and  Thigh  —  The  most  Christian  King's 
Great  Grandmother  —  Hours  of  Divine  Service  and  Meals, 
temp.  James  I.  —  Linkumdoddie— Carlo  Pisacane  —  Old 
Pictures  —  The  Quarter  Deck  —  Quotation  wanted  — 
Slade  :  Derivation  of  the  Name  —  "  Solomon's  Song  "  pr.ra- 
phrased"  —  Earl  Temple  — Topsy  Turvy,  7-i. 

■QUEEiES  WITH  AusAVEES :  —  "  Johnnie  Dowie's  Ale  "  — 
Alexander  the  Great  —  The  First  Book  printed  in  England 
—  Bessum,  77. 

REPLIES :  —  Ronget  de  I'Isle :  Music  of  "  Marseillois 
Hymn,"  79  —  "  Pinkerton's  Correspondence:"  George 
Robertson,  80  — Fert:  Arms  of  Savoy,  81  — Mortice  and 
Tenon,  82  — Lady  Richardson,  83—  Itineraries  of  Edward 
I.  and  Edward  II.,  lb.  —  Bishop  Hare  and  Dr.  Bentley  — 
Early  Cockneyism  —  Meyers's  Letters  —  The  Name  of 
Howard  —  Christopher  Collins,  the  Constable  of  Queens- 
borough  Castle  — Morkin,  or  Mortkin,  its  Derivation  — 
Marlborough's  Generals  — Friedrich  Riickert  —  Burning 
of  the  Jesuits'  Books,  Jtc,  81. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


AN  OLD  BOOK  FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF 
GIBBON. 

Last  summer,  in  looking  over  the  stock  of  a 
secoucl-hand  bookseller  at  Lausanne,  I  pitcked 
upon  a  book  said  to  have  been  formerly  in  the 
possession  of  Gibbon,  and  I  believe  the  state- 
ment to  be  correct.  I  purchased  it  for  a  small 
sum.     The  title-page  is  as  follov?s  :  — 

«  The  COVNT  of  GABALIS,  or  conferences  about 
Secret  Sciences  Rendered  out  of  French  into  English. 
With  an  Advice  to  the  Reader.  By  A.  L.  A.  M.  Quod 
tanto  impendio  absconditur,  etiam  solum  modo  demonstrare 
destruire  est. — TertuUian.  London,  printed  for  Robert 
Harford  at  the  Angel  in  Cornhill,  near  the  Royal  Ex- 
change.    M.DC.LXXX." 

The  book  is  the  ordinary  chap-book  size,  and  is 
bound  in  plain  sheepskin ;  but  it  is  not  a  chap- 
book,  and  is  printed  on  better  paper.  On  the 
inner  part  of  the  binding  is  the  name,  "  E-^  Cowle" ; 
also  "  E.  Gerarde,  Anno  Domini,"  and  some  writ- 
ing too  indistinct  to  decipher.  On  the  title-page 
is  the  name  ^'  E.  Gerard"  ;  on  the  back  of  the  same 
page  is  "  J.  Winterflood,*  his  Book,  10°  Aug',  1680, 
pr.  1'  8^."  The  same  name  and  date  are  found  at 
the  top  of  p.  1  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  last  page. 


I  presume  that  some  owner  of  the  book  has  been 
a  lawyer  or  a  lawyer's  clerk ;  for  on  a  fly-sheet  is 
found  :  "  Know  all  men  —  know  men  by  these 
presents  1  now."  The  work  is  divided  into  five 
chapters,  which  are  called  "The  first  conference 
about  secret  sciences"  ;  "The  second,"  &c,  "The 
Translator's  advice  to  the  Header,"  is  a  curious 
bit  of  Rabelaisian  gossip,  in  which  he  complains 
of  being  forestalled  by  "  an  Ingennuous  Transla- 
tor." The  several  chapters  treat  of  Sylphs,  Gnomes, 
Nymphes,  Salamanders,  Incubi,  Fauns,  Satyrs, 
&c.  The  following  passage,  at  p.  29,  will  give  a 
good  idea  of  the  style  and  matter :  — 

"  The  Salamanders,  as  you  perhaps  already  conceive, 
are  composed  of  the  most  subtle  parts  of  the  sphere  of  fire, 
conglobated  and  organised,  by  the  influence  of  the  uni- 
versal tire  so  called,  because  it  is  the  principle  of  all  the 
motions  of  nature.  In  the  same  manner  the  Sylphs  are 
composed  of  the  purest  atomes  of  air,  the  Nymphes  of  the 
thinnest  particles  of  water,  and  the  Gnomes  of  the  sub- 
tilest  parts  of  the  earth.  Adam  bore  some  proportion 
with  these  so  perfect  creatures,  because  being  made  up  of 
the  purest  part  of  the  four  elements  ;  he  contained  in 
himself  the  perfections  of  these  four  kinds  of  People,  and 
was  their  natural  King.  But  when  sin  had  precipitated 
him  among  the  excrements  of  the  elements,  the  harmony 
was  untuned,  and  becoming  gross  and  impure  he  bore  no 
more  proportion  with  those  so  pure  and  subtile  sub- 
stances. What  remedy  to  this  evil  ?  How  is  the  Lute 
to  be  tuned  again,  and  this  lost  soveraignty  retrived  ? 
O  Nature !  Why  art  thou  so  little  studied  ?  Do  not  you 
conceive,  my  son,  with  what  simplicity  nature  can  re- 
store man  to  the  blessings  which  he  hath  lost  ?  " 

We  are  then  told :  — 

"  If  we  would  recover  the  empire  over  the  Salamanders, 
we  must  purifie  and  exalt  the  element  of  fire  that  is  in  us, 
and  raise  again  the  tone  of  that  slackening  string." 

Then  follows  the  simple  mode  by  which  this  is 
to  be  effected  :  — 

"  There  is  no  more  to  be  done,"  says  the  Count,  "  but 
to  concentrate  the  fire  of  the  Avorld  by  concave  mirrors  in 
a  bowl  of  glass  ;  and  this  is  the  operation  which  all  the 
Ancients  have  religiously  concealed,  until  Divine  Tlieo- 
phrastus  revealed  it.  In  that  bowl  there  is  a  solary 
powder  made,  which  being  of  it  self  purified  from  the 
mixture  of  other  elements,  and  being  prepared  according 
to  art,  becomes  in  a  veiy  short  time  a  soveraign  remedy 
to  exalt  the  fire  that  is  in  us,  and  to  make  us  (if  one  may 
say  so)  become  of  an  igneous  nature.  Then  do  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  sphere  of  fire  become  our  inferiors,  and  are 
ravished  to  see  our  mutual  harmony  restored,  and  that 
we  are  become  like  to  them." 


*    Winterflood  is  a  name  that  is  new  to  me.     I  never 
met  with  it  elsewhere. 


At  p.  38  the  Count  "religiously"  recommends 
"secrecy"  to  the  student  of  secret  sciences,  be- 
cause — 

"  Judges  are  strange  men !  they  condemn  a  most  inno- 
cent action  as  a  most  hainous  crime.  What  barbarity 
to  cause  burn  those  two  Priests  whom  the  Prince  of 
Mirandula  says  he  knew  ;  each  of  whom  had  his  Sylphide 
for  the  space  of  forty  years!  What  inhumanity  was  it 
to  put  to  death  Jean  HervilUer,  who  for  the  space  of 
thirty-six  years  laboured  in  the  immortalizing  of  a 
gnome!  And  how  ignorant  was  Bodinns  to  call  her  a 
witchj^and  to  take  occasion  from  her  adventure  to  autho- 
rize the  vulgar  fancies  concerning  sorcerers  by  a  Book 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


no  less  impertinent  than  that  of  his  Eepublick  is 
rational." 

At  p.  46  we  read  that,  at  Paris  — 
"  Do  not  men  daily  consult  Aquatick  oracles  in  Water- 
glasses  or  Basins;  and  Aerial  oracles  in  looking-glasses, 
and  on  the  hands  of  virgins?  are  not  lost  beads  and 
stolen  watches  thus  recovered?  Do  not  they  likewise 
hear  news  from  distant  countreys  and  from  absent 
friends  ?" 

The  chapter  that  contains  the  last  quoted  pas- 
sage has  a  dissertation  on  the  heathen  oracles  and 
the  sybilline  books.  The  sum  of  the  argument  is, 
that  Apollo  was  not  a  false  god  — 
"  Seeing  Idolatry  did  not  begin  till  long  after  the  Divi- 
sion of  tongues :  and  it  would  be  very  unlikely  *  to  at- 
tribute the  sacred  books  of  the  Sybills,  and  all  the  proofs 
of  the  True  religion,  which  the  Fathers  have  drawn  from 
them,  to  the  Father  of  Lies." 

At  p.  63  we  learn  that  the  demons  of  the  ancient 
philosophers  are  — 

"  An  aerial  people,  bearing  rule  over  the  elements,  mortal 
and  generative,  but  unknown  to  this  age  by  those  who 
search  little  for  truth  in  its  ancient  habitations ;  that 
is  to  say,  in  the  Cabal  and  Theology  of  the  Hebrews,  who 
had  the  pai-ticular  art  of  entertaining  that  aerial  nation, 
and  conversing  with  the  inhabitants  of  air." 

At  p.  67,  after  a  dissertation  whether  aerial 
beings  can  marry  mortals,  the  affirmative  of  which 
is  proved,  the  student  is  thus  counselled  :  — 

"  I  would  not  advise  you  to  delay  your  entering  into 
commerce  with  the  elementarj^  people.  You  will  tind 
them  very  honest  folks — knowing,  beneficent,  and  fearers 
of  God.  It  is  my  opinion  you  should  begin  with  the 
salamanders  ;  for  in  your  figure  you  have  Mars  in  the 
mid-heaven,  which  imports  that  there  is  a  great  deal  of 
fire  in  all  j-our  actions.  And  as  to  marriage,  I  would 
advise  you  to  take  a  sylpldde ;  you'll  live  happier  -with 
her  than  with  anj'  of  the  others :  for  you  have  Jupiter  on 
the  cusp  of  your  ascendant,  within  a  sextile  of  Venus. 
Now  Jupiter  rules  over  the  air  and  the  people  of  the  air. 
However,  you  must  consult  your  own  heart  about  the 
matter :  for,  as  you  shall  one  day  know,  a  Sage  is  governed 
by  the  internal  planets,  and  the  planets  of  the  external 
heavens  serve  onlj'  to  make  known  to  him  more  certainly 
the  aspects  of  the  internal  heaven  -(vhich  is  in  every 
creature.  So  that  it  lies  at  your  door  now  to  tell  me 
what  your  inclination  is,  to  the  end  we  may  proceed  to 
your  match  with  those  of  the  Elementary  people  whom 
you  hke  best." 

The  student  hesitates,  and  thinks  that  perhaps 
the  elementarj^  people  may  be  children  of  the 
devil.  The  Count,  to  dissipate  such  doubts  and 
fears,  appeals  to  the  saints  and  fathers — quoting 
Athanasius,  Jerome,  St.  Anthony,  &c. ;  and  proves 
that  they  alwaj's  considered  the  elementary  people 
to  be  good  and  holy  beings,  with  whom  it  was  no 
sin  for  mortals  to  marry  !  But  his  great  argument 
is  derived  from  the  fall  of  Adam  and  Eve.  Accord- 


*  This  means  that  it  would  be  a  very  unseeml}^  or 
improper  thing !  It  is  a  common  expression  in"  the 
North  of  England:  "He's  a  very  unlikely  sort  of  a 
person." 


ing  to  the  interpretation  of  Count  Gabalis,  Adam 
was  to  have  been  united  to  an  elementary  spirit, 
and  Eve  was  to  have  adopted  a  similar  union. 
Their  sin  and  fall  consisted  in  their  becoming  man 
and  wife,  and  eschewing  marriage  with  elemen- 
tary spirits !  The  argument  is  curious,  but  the 
language  is  not  wholly  such  as  would  be  proper 
to  quote.  At  p.  79  we  are  introduced  to  Zoroaster, 
who  — 

"  had  the  honor  to  be  the  son  of  the  Salamander  Oro- 
viasis,  and  Vesta,  the  wife  of  Noah.  He  lived  twelve 
hundred  j'ears,  the  wisest  monarch  in  the  world,  and 
then  was  by  his  father  Oromasis  transported  into  the 
region  of  Salamanders." 

This  out-Zadkiels  Zadkiel !  but  there  is  some- 
thing still  better  to  follow  in  the  way  of  genea- 
logy :  — 

"  Let  us,"  says  the  Count,  "  return  to  Oromasis :  he 
was  beloved  of  Vesta,  the  wife  of  Noah.  That  same 
Vesta  after  her  death  was  the  tutelary  genius  of  Rome, 
and  the  sacred  fire  which  she  would  have  carefully  kept 
by  virgins,  was  to  the  honour  of  her  gallant  the  Sala- 
luander.  Besides  Zoroaster,  they  had  also  a  daughter  of 
an  excellent  beauty  and  extream  wisdom.  She  was  that 
divine  Egeria  from  whom  Nunia  Fompilius  received  all 
his  laws.  .  .  .  William  Fostoll,  the  least  ignorant  of 
all  who  have  studied  the  Cabal  in  the  common  Books, 
knew  that  Vesta  was  the  wife  of  Noah,  but  he  was  igno- 
rant that  Egeria  was  the  daughter  of  that  Vesta;  and 
not  having  read  the  secret  books  of  the  Antient  Cabal,  of 
which  thePrince  of  Mirandula  bought  a  copj'  at  so  dear 
a  rate :  he  believed  that  Egeria  was  only  the  good  genius 
of  Noah's -^vife.  .  .  .  the  Cabal  is  of  iconderful  use  for 
illustrating  Antiquity  [the  italics  are  the  author's],  and 
without  it  Scripture,  History,  Fables,  and  Nature  are 
obscure  and  unintelligible." 

Romulus  is  brought  on  the  stage  at  p.  87, 
thus :  — 

"  We  find,  in  Titus  Livius,  that  Romulus  was  the  son 
of  iliars  ;  the  wits  say  that  it  is  a  fable;  the  Divines  that 
he  was  the  son  of  a  Devil.  But  we,  who  know  Nature, 
and  who  are  called  by  God  from  darkness  to  his  marvel- 
lous light — we  know  that  this  same  pretended  3Iars  was 
a  Salamander ;  who,  taken  with  the  young  Sylvia,  made 
her  the  mother  of  great  Romulus,  the  Hero  who,  having 
founded  his  stateh'  city,  was  by  his  father  carried  away 
in  a  flaming  chariot,  as  Zoroaster  was  by  Oromasis.^' 

"We  are  then  introduced  to  Se?-vms  Paulus,  the 
"famous  Hercules,'"  the  "invincible  Alexander, ^^ 
"  divine  Plato,^^  the  "  more  divine  Apollonius 
TMatieus,"  "Achilles,"  '^  Sa)-pedon,"  ^^ Phis  yEneas," 
and  "  renowned  Melchisedeck," — all  of  whom  had 
elementary  spirits  for  their  fathers !  the  father 
of  the  last  named  being  a  Syl^jh  ! !  The  author 
having  laboured  hard  to  prove  the  goodness  and 
piety  of  the  elementary  people,  is  enabled  to  give 
a  proof  of  it ;  for  at  p.  104  we  have  "  The  Prayer 
of  the  Salamanders,"  a  remarkable  specimen  of 
bombast  and  hyperbole.  The  Count  asks :  "  Is  it 
not  very  learned,  very  sublime,  and  very  devout  ?  " 
The  student  replies :  "  And  besides,  very  obscure 
too!"  and  saj's  that  he  agrees  with  a  preacher 
who,  quoting  it,  said  "  that  it  proved  that  the  Devil, 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  -67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


amongst  his  other  vices,  zvas  a  notorious  great  hypo- 
crite!" 

The  remaining  portion  of  the  book  is  fQled  up 
with  some  most  extraordinary  stories,  for  the 
truth  of  which  we  are  referred  to  authors  with 
outlandish  names,  Christian,  Jewish,  and  Pagan ! 
Such  is  a  brief  abstract  of  a  very  curious  book. 
I  should  like  to  know  a  little  of  its  origin.  Is  it 
really  translated  from  the  French  ?  and  if  so, 
what  is  the  date  and  title  of  the  original  work, 
and  by  whom  was  it  written  ?  Has  Gibbon  made 
any  use  of  it  ? 

Is  it  a  burlesque  on  philosophy,  falsely  so  called  ; 
or  is  the  author  a  believer  in  "  secret  sciences," 
and  a  mere  republisher  of  what  is  found  in  the 
works  of  ancient  heathen  authors  and  Talmudical 
writers  ?  Had  Rabelais  anything  to  do  with  it  ? 
It  is  very  much  in  his  style. 

I  suspect  that  the  "  A.  L.  A.  M."  of  the  title- 
page  is  "  A.  Lovell,  A.M.,"  the  translator  of  a 
work  advertised  in  a  catalogue  *  at  the  end  of 
the  volume,  and  entitled  — 

"  Indiculus  Universalis,  or  the  Universe  in  epitome  : 
wherein  the  names  of  all  arts  and  sciences,  with  their 
most  necessary  terms,  are  in  English,  Latine,  and  French 
methodically  and  distinctly  digested,  &c.  Composed  at 
first  in  French  and  Latine  for  the  use  of  the  Dauphin  of 
France,  by  the  learned  T.  Forney,  and  now  made  English 
by  A.  Lovell,  M.A.,  in  Octavo." 

If  the  old  book  from  which  I  have  quoted  is 
not  in  the  national  library,  I  shall  be  happy 
to  present  my  copy  on  receiving  an  intimation 
through  ''N.  &  Q."  that  the  gift  will  be  ac- 
ceptable. James  Henry  Dixon. 

Florence. 

[The  author  of  this  diverting  work  is  Montfaucon  de 
Villars,  a  French  Abbe,  who  came  from  Toulouse  to 
Paris  to  make  his  fortune  by  preaching.  The  five  dia- 
logues of  which  it  consists  are  the  result  of  those  gay 
conversations  in  which  the  Abb^  was  engaged  with  a 
small  circle  of  men  of  fine  wit  and  humour  like  himself. 
When  the  work  was  first  published  at  Paris  in  1670,  it  was 
universally  read  as  innocent  and  amusing.  But,  at 
length,  its  consequences  were  perceived,  and  reckoned 
dangerous.  Our  devout  preacher  was  denied  the  chair, 
and  his  book  forbidden  to  be  read.  It  is  not  clear  whe- 
ther the  author  intended  to  be  ironical,  or  spoke  all  seri- 
ously. The  second  volume,  which  he  promised,  would 
have  decided  the  question ;  but  the  unfortunate  Abbe'  was 
soon  after  assassinated  by  ruffians  on  the  road  to  Lyons. 
The  laughers  gave  out  that  the  gnomes  and  sylphs,  dis- 
guised like  ruffians,  had  shot  him,  as  a  punishment  for 
revealing  the  secrets  of  the  Cabala ;  a  crime  not  to  be 
pardoned  by  those  jealous  spirits,  as  Villars  himself  has 
declared  in  his  book.  It  was  from  The  Count  of  Gabalis 
that  Pope  derived  the  hint  of  his  machinery  for  The  Rape 
of  the  Lock,  (VVarton's  Essay  on  Pope,  p.  277.) 


There  is  another  and  better  English  translation  of  the 
same  date,  entitled  "  The  Count  of  Gabalis :  or,  the  Ex- 
travagant Mysteries  of  the  Cabalists,  exposed  in  Five 
Pleasant  Discourses  on  the  Secret  Sciences.  Done  into 
English  by  P.  A.,  Gent.  [i.  e.  Philip  Ayres],  with  Short 
Animadversions.  London,  Printed  for  B.  M.,  Printer  to 
the  Cabalistical  Society  of  the  Sages,  at  the  sign  of  the 
Rosy-Crusian,  1G80,"  12mo.  At  the  end  of  the  book, 
making  twelve  pages,  are,  "  The  Translator's  Animadver- 
sions on  the  Foregoing  Discourses,"  of  which  we  need 
only  to  quote  the  introductory  paragraph  as  a  curious 
specimen  of  the  amenities  of  literature.  He  says,  "  I  have 
ventured  to  translate,  at  my  vacant  hours,  (being  much 
afi'ected  at  the  odd  curiosity  of  the  Cabalistic  Sciences) 
this  Tract,  somewhat  resembling  a  philosophick  romance, 
as  fabulous  and  weak,  as  an  Old  Monk's  Legend.  In  it 
you  will  find  the  Cabalist  to  be  a  miserable  blind  crea- 
ture, fit  for  a  dog  and  a  bell  ;  yet,  in  his  own  conceit, 
more  seeing  than  all  the  Avorld  and  best  qualified  for  the 
office  of  a  guide :  much  devoted  to  idle  traditions,  by 
which  crooked  line  he  measures  religion  and  reason :  a 
great  hater  of  women,  yet  much  addicted  to  venery  in  a 
philosophick  way.  In  a  word,  a  creature  of  much  choler 
and  little  brains.  The  madness  of  him  may  make  you 
laugh ;  but  his  follj'  will  sometimes  grieve  you." 

The  other  translation  of  The  Count  of  Gabalis  picked 
up  by  our  correspondent  is  not  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  we  are  assured  it  will  be  an  acceptable  dona- 
tion, although  the  national  library  contains  the  French 
editions  of  1670  and  1684,  and  three  copies  of  Ayre's  trans- 
lation.— Ed,] 


*  I  shall  return  to  this  catalogue  hereafter. 


INSCRIPTIONS  ON  PORTRAITS. 

In  answer  to  the  invitation  of  the  Editor  I  send 
the  following  inscriptions,  which  I  copied  from 
portraits  at  the  National  Portrait  Exhibition  of 
1866.     The  numbers  refer  to  the  catalogue. 

46.  Richard  Fox,  Bishop  of  Winchester.  Lent 
by  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford. 

"  Clarus  Wjmtoniae  prsesul  cognoie  Foxus 

Qui  pius  hoc  olim  nobile  struxit  opus 

Talis  erat  forma  talis  dum  vixit  amictu 

Qualem  spectanti  picta  tabella  refert." 

126.  Thomas  Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex.  Lent 
by  the  Countess  of  Caledon. 

"  Et  bonus  et  prudens  Christi  Regisque  minister 
Constans  vir  promptus  pectore  fronte  manu 
Vix  in  amicitia  talis  vix  nascitur  heros 
Plus  patrie  fidus  plus  pietatis  amans. 

133.  Sir  Henry  Wyat.  Lent  by  Earl  of  Rom- 
ney.  The  cat,  which  is  said  to  have  fed  him  in 
prison,  is  pulling  a  pigeon  in  through  the  iron 
grate  of  the  window.  Beneath  are  the  lines  — 
"  Hunc  macrum,  rigidum,  moesttlm,  fame,  frigore,  cura, 
Pavi,  fovi,  acui,  came,  calore,  joco. 
This  knight  with  hunger,  cold  and  care  neere 

starv'd,  pincht,  pjni'de  aw  [aye,] 
I  sillie  Beast  did  feede,  heate,  cheere,  with 
dyett,  warmth  and  playe." 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67 


361.  Sir  Francis  Drake.    Lent  ty  tlie  Corpora- 
tion of  Plymouth. 

"  Sir  Drake,  whom  -well  the  worlds  ends  knowe, 
Which  thou  didst  compasse  rouude, 
And  whome  both  poles  of  heaven  ons  saw 

Which  North  and  South  do  bound, 
The  Starrs  aboue  will  make  thee  known 

If  men  here  silent  were, 
The  Sunn  himself  cannot  forget 
His  fellow  traveller. 
"  Great  Drake,  whose  shippe  aboute  the  worlds  wide 
wast 
In  three  yeares  did  a  golden  girdle  cast. 
Who  with  fresh  streames  refresht  this  town  that  first 
Though  kist  with  waters  yet  did  pine  for  thirst, 
Who  both  a  pilott  and  a  magistrate 
Steer'd  in  his  turne  the  shippe  of  Plj'mouths  state, 
This  little  table  shewes  his  face  whose  worth 
The  worlds  wide  table  hardly  can  sett  forth." 

454.  Princess  Louisa  of  Bohemia.      Lent  by 
the  Earl  of  Craven. 

"  Omnia  vanitas  praster  amare  Deum  et  illi  soli  servire. 
"  Thom.  a  Kemp." 


Lent  by  the  Bodleian 


473.  William  Camden, 
Library. 

"  Hie  oculos  similes  vultusque  hie  ora  tueri 
Poteris,  nee  ultra  hose  artifex  quivit  manus, 

Annales  ipsum  celebrisque  Britannia  monstrant 
Perenniora  saxo  et  sere  fj-ur^fxara. 

Quisquis  et  Historise  Cathedram  banc  conscenderit,  esto 
Benignitatis  usque  Monumentum  loquax." 

E.  S.  D. 


THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  PEIESTLEY'S  LIBRARY 
m  1791. 
A  correspondent  of  one  of  the  morning  papers 
calls  attention  to  an  error  in  Jesse's  Life  of  George 
III.,  iii.  181.  The  passage  in  -which  it  is  con- 
tained is  as  follows  :  — 

"  On  the  occasion  of  Dr.  Priestley  and  his  political 
friends  celebrating  the  second  anniversaiy  of  the  capture 
of  the  Bastille  by  a  public  dinner,  the  loyal  population  of 
Birmingham  attacked  the  hotel  where  the  democrats  were 
dining,  and  afterwards  demolished  Dr.  Priestley's  chapel 
and  residence." 

The  writer  then  states  that  this  is  an  error,  and 
ends  by  deploring  the  fact  that  an  intelligent  his- 
torian should  not  have  made  himself  better  ac- 
quainted with  all  the  circumstances.  It  is  true 
that  Mr.  Jesse  has  got  one  version  of  the  storj^, 
and  not  the  correct  one.  The  whole  history  of 
the  outrage  is  given  circumstantially  in  An  Appeal 
to  the  Public  on  the  Riots  at  Binninxjham,  by 
Dr.  Priestley;  and  although  there  were  several 
replies  to  that  appeal,  the  facts  as  to  the  dinner 
and  subsequent  destruction  of  his  property  have 
never  been  disputed.  It  may  be  as  well  to  give 
it  as  the  Doctor  relates  it  on  page  25  :  — 

"  With  the  dinner  itself  I  had,  in  a  manner,  nothing 
to  do.  I  did  not  so  much  as  suggest  one  of  the  proper 
and  excellent  toasts  provided  on  the  occasion,  though  it 
was  natural  for  my  friends  to  look  to  me  for  things  of 


that  kind,  if  I  had  interested  myself  much  in  it ;  and 
when  opposition  was  talked  of,  and  it  was  supposed  that 
some  insidts  would  be  offered  to  myself  in  particular,  I 
jdelded  to  the  solicitations  of  my' friends,  and  did  not 
attend.  Others,  however,  went  on  that  very  account, 
thinking  it  mean  and  unbecoming  Englishmen  to  be  de- 
terred from  a  lawful  and  innocent  act  b}'  the  fear  of  law- 
less insult ;  and  accordinglj*  they  assembled  and  dined 
in  number  between  eightj^  and  ninety. 

"  When  the  company  met,  a  crowd  was  assembled  at 
the  door,  and  some  of  them  hissed  and  showed  other 
marks  of  disapprobation,  but  no  material  violence  was 
offered  to  any  body.  Mr.  Keir,  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England,  took  the  chair ;  and  when  they  had  dined, 
drunk  the  toasts,  and  sung  the  songs  Avhich  had  been 
prepared  for  the  occasion,  they  dispersed.  This  was 
about  five  o'clock,  and  the  town  remained  quiet  till  about 
eight.  It  was  evident,  therefore,  that  the  dinner  was  not 
the  proper  cause  of  the  riot  which  followed ;  but  that  the 
mischief  had  been  preconcerted,  and  that  this  particular 
opportunity  was  laid  hold  of  for  the  purpose." 

My  copy  of  the  Appeal  is  of  the  second  edition, 
published  in  1792.  I  find  that,  according  to 
Bohn's  Lowndes,  a  copy  of  this  work  is  noticed  as 
follows:  ''Bindley,  part  ii.  2247,  with  MS.  notes 
by  Burke,  3^.  15s. ;  resold  Hibbert,  6576,  4Z.  14s." 
Is  it  known  what  became  of  this  copy,  and  where 
it  is  at  present  ?  *  T.  B. 


Alleged  Loif  gevitt  :  Maet  Akn  Dok-ovan  : 
Maet  GalligaivT. — I  was  about  to  invite  some  of 
the  readers  resident  in  Dublin  to  investigate  the 
case  of  Mary  Ann  Donovan,  stated  to  have  died 
in  that  city  at  the  age  of  104,  when  the  case  was 
disposed  of  by  the  following  letter  to  the  editor 
of  The  Times,  which  appeared  in  that  paper  on 
January  14 :  — 

"  Sir, — Having  read  in  The  Times  of  the  10th  inst.  an 
account  of  the  death,  at  Dublin,  of  Marj'  Ann  Donovan^ 
aged  104  years,  whose  father  is  stated  to  have  been  a  sur- 
geon in  the  Scots  Fusileer  Guards,  I  wish  to  state  that 
there  never  was  a  medical  officer  of  that  name  in  this 
regiment,  nor,  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained  from  the  regi- 
mental records,  was  there  ever  any  one  whatever,  either 
ofiicer  or  non-commissioned  officer  or  private,  of  the  name 
of  Donovan  in  the  regiment. 

"  H.  P.  de  Bathe,  Colonel  Commanding 
Scots  Fusileer  Guards. 

"Horse  Guards,  Jan.  12." 

But  perhaps  you  will  spare  me  space  to  ask  some 
of  your  Shrewsbury  correspondents  to  tell  us  how 
the  parish  authorities  of  Shrewsbury  were  satisfied 
that  Mary  Galligan,  who  died  on  New  Year's 
Day  Cher  birthday)  in  Shrewsbury  workhouse, 
was  102  years  old,  as  stated  in  a  long  account  of 
"  Granny  "  (by  which  name,  it  appears,  she  was 
better  known)  now  going  the  round  of  all  the 
papers  ?  Sceptic. 

Peggy  Walsh. — 

"  January  7,  at  Milford,  county  of  Mayo,  at  the  very 
advanced  age  of  124  years.  Peggy  Walsh,  the  faithful 
servant  of  the  family  of  Miller,  of  Milford,  in  whose  ser- 

[*  At  Hibbert's  sale  in  1829,  this  book  was  purchased 
by  a  Mr.  Glynn. — Ed.] 


3>^<i  S.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Y3 


\'ice  she  has  lived  since  1757,  and  to  every  member  of 
•which  she  was  devotedly  attached.  Her  father,  who  was 
coachman  in  the  same  family,  lived  to  100  j-ears  of 
age." 

The  atove  annouucement  appeared  in  the  Dub- 
lin Evening  Mail  of  the  9th  inst.,  and  brings  to 
mind  at  ouce  the  shrewd  observations  of  the  late 
Sir  G.  C.  Lewis  on  this  subject  in  "  N.  &  Q."    Sp. 

[It  is  possible  that  somethinj?  approaching  evidence 
may  be  adduced  in  the  case  of  Mary  Galligan,  though  we 
doubt  if  it  will  be  found  at  all  satisfactory.  But  we  are 
sure  that  any  attempt  to  prove  Peggy  Walsh  to  be  124, 
or  that  she  lived  in  the  Miller  family  for  the  last  110 
years — namely,  ever  since  1757 — will  utterly  fail. — Ed. 
"K  &Q."] 

The  Head  oe  Cakdinal  Richelieu. — I  en- 
close a  cutting  from  The  Times  of  December  18, 
which  may  be  acceptable  if  suited  for  the  columns 
of  "  N.  &  Q. :  "  — 

"  Richelieu  died  in  his  58th  year,  after  accomplishing 
the  great  things,  for  good  or  for  evil,  which  history  has 
recorded,  and  he  directed  that  his  bones  should  be  laid 
in  the  church  of  the  college  Avhere  he  had  graduated. 
There  were  few  buildings  in  Paris,  sacred  or  otherwise, 
that  suffered  more  during  the  frenzy  of  the  Rerolution 
than  the  church  of  the  Sorbonne.  In  1793  it  was  sacked 
bj'  the  mob,  the  tombs  were  broken  open,  the  remains  of 
the  dead  were  dragged  from  their  resting-place,  and  flung 
into  the  kennel  or  the  Seine.  Among  others  so  treated 
were  the  remains  of  the  Cardinal.  The  head  was  chopped 
off,  fixed  on  a  pike,  and  paraded  about  the  streets  of 
Paris  amid  the  savage  yells  of  the  multitude.  A  person 
named  Armez,  whose  son  afterwards  sat  in  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies  under  Louis  Philippe,  at  the  risk  of  mounting 
the  scaffold,  succeeded  in  getting  it  into  his  possession. 
He  concealed  it  carefully  so  long  as  the  Eeign  of  Terror 
lasted ;  and  when  calmer  times  returned,  bequeathed  the 
precious  relic  to  his  family.  As  an  additional  precaution 
Armez  had  the  head  cut  in  two,  of  which  the  fore  part 
was  only  preserved.  Some  years  ago  it  was  delivered  up 
by  the  descendant  of  Armez  to  the  Minister  of  Public 
Instruction,  as  also  the  heart  of  Voltaire  ;  the  Minister, 
on  ascertaining  that  the  relic  was  undoubted!}'  genuine, 
accepted  the  deposit,  and  on  Saturdaj'  it  was  restored  with 
due  solemnity  to  the  same  church  from  which  the  remains 
had  been  torn.  The  choir  of  the  church  was  hung  in 
drapery  of  crimson  velvet,  and  the  chapel,  in  the  centre 
of  which  was  the  tomb  of  the  Cardinal,  was  also  richly 
decorated." 

H.  C. 

Hoop  Petticoats.  —  Dr.  Smith,  in  his  recently 
published  History  of  Delaware  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, gives  the  testimony  against  hoop  petticoats 
borne  by  the  Concord  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends 
in  the  year  1739  :  — 

"  A  concern  having  taken  hold  against  this  meeting  to 
suppress  pride,  and  it  seems  to  appear  some  what  in  women 
in  wearing  of  hoope  pettecoats  which  is  a  great  trouble  to 
many  minds,  and  it  is  the  unanj'mous  sense  of  this  meet- 
ing that  none  among  us  be  in  the  practice  thereof;  [and 
that]  all  our  overseers  and  other  solid  friends  do  inspect 
in  their  members,  and  where  any  appear  to  be  guilty,  do 
deal  with  them  and  discourage  them  either  in  that  of 
hoops  or  other  indecent  dress." 

Dr.  Smith  adds  that,  "  in  spite  of  all  the  watch- 
fulness that  this  minute  imposed  upon  the  '  over- 


seers and  other  solid  friends,'  it  was  this  year 
found  that  Caleb  Burdshall  and  his  wife  had  '  a 
little  too  inconsiderately  encouraged  women  wear- 
ing of  hoopst  petecoats.'  "  Uneda. 
Philadelphia. 

Wadsioll. — In  Fairholt's  excellent  work  on 
Costumes  in  England,  p.  615,  he  gives  — 

"  Wadjioll,  a  very  coarse  cloth,  manufactured  in  the 
sixteenth  centurj-. — Strutt." 

This  may  add  another  phrase  to  articles  upon 
"  Merchandise."  May  it  not  also  throw  some 
light  on  a  not  very  promising  question  as  it  at 
first  appeared,  but  which  led  to  so  many  answers  ? 
May  not  "  Moll  in  the  Wad  "  be  a  sort  of  jingle 
for  Moll  in  the  Wadmoll,  the  girl  clad  in  a  very 
coarse  dress,  not  in  a  bimdle  of  hay  as  suggested  ? 

A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Theatre  Mottoes. — The  theatre  in  Chestnut  , 
Street,  above  Sixth  Street,  in  this  city,  was  opened  :*^ 
shortly  after  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Consti- 
tution. Over  the  curtain  was  a  line  from  Shak- 
speare — ''The  eagle  sufters  little  birds  to  sing." 
For  this  "  Castigat  ridendo  mores "  was  substi- 
tuted. This  theatre  was  called  the  New  Theatre 
to  distinguish  it  from  the  old  theatre  in  Cedar  or 
South  Street,  then  outside  of  the  city  limits,  in 
which  the  British  officers  played  during  the  revo- 
lutionarjr  war,  some  of  the  scenes  being  painted 
by  Major  Andre.  The  Chestnut  Street  theatre 
was  burnt  down  in  1820.  The  new  one  erected 
on  the  spot  bore  the  motto  "  All  the  world's  a 
stage."  Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 

Samian  Pottery. — I  have  noticed  a  great  resem- 
blance in  colour  and  texture  between  the  Samian 
ware  and  the  red  lulehs  or  bowls  of  Turkish 
pipes  made  at  Constantinople,  Smyrna,  and  else- 
wlaere.  The  operations  of  the  lulehjee  are  simple 
but  effective.  How  far  his  art  is  common  with 
that  of  the  Samian  potter  may  be  worthy  of 
inquiry.  I  have  not  found  that  in  the  present 
day  the  famous  potter's-earth  of  the  island  of 
Samos  is  turned  to  practical  account,  though 
readily  accessible.  Hyde  Clarke. 

Shaespeariana  :  "  Merry  Wives  of  Wind- 
sor."—  In  J.  Payne  Collier's  Shakes2)eare,  8vo, 
1844,  his  note  on  the  last  word  in  the  question  in 
The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  (Act  II.  So.  1), 
"  Will  you  go,  An-heires  ?  "  is  — 

"  We  give  the  word  as  it  stands  in  the  folios,  although 
probably  incorrect,  because  it  is  impossible  to  set  it  right 
by  conjecture,  and  the  quartos  afford  us  no  aid.  It  may 
be  some  proper  name  known  at  the  time,  such  as  Anaides, 
in  Ben  Jonson's  Cynthia's  Revels;  but  Steevens  would 
read, 'Will  you  go  on  hearts?'  Malone, '  Will  you  go 
and  hear  us  ? '  while  Boaden,  with  more  plausibility,  sug- 
gested '  Cavalieres.' " 


74 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'd  s.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67. 


Now,  may  not  tke  true  reading  be  the  old  law- 
Frencli  word  arrJies  ? 

"  Aeehes,  s.  f.  pi.  Arrha,  arrhabo.  Gage  en  argent  que 
I'aeheteur  donne  au  vendeur,  pour  surete  du  marche.  .  .  . 
Quelques-uns  prononcent,  et  meme  ecrivent  arres.  .  .  . 
Quoi  qu'il  en  soit,  on  doit  ecrire  et  prononcer  arrhes. 
Arrhes  se  dit  figurement  de  ce  qui  manque  assurance 
d'une  chose,  qui  en  est  le  gage." — Diet  Universel  {de 
Trevmix),  ed.  1771. 

"  II  y  a  deux  especes  d'arrhes,  les  unes  se  donnent  lors 
d*un  contrat  seulement  projete,  et  les  autres,  aprbs  le 
contrat  conclu  et  arrete." — Guyot's  Repertoire  de  Jwisp. 
L  624. 

"  Af.p.h.e,  earnest,  evidence  of  a  completed  bargain." — 
Tomlins's  Law  Diet. 

The  context  will,  I  think,  hear  out  my  suggested 
correction :  — 

"  Ford.  I'll  give  you  a  pottle  of  burnt  sack  to  give  me 
recourse  to  him,  and  tell  him,  m}-  name  is  Brook  .  .  . 

"Sbsf.  My  hand,  bully:  thou  shalt  have  egress  and 
repress  ;  said  I  vrell  ?  and  thy  name  shall  be  Brook  .  .  . 
Will  you  go  an  Arrhes  ? 

"  Shal.  Have  ■with  you,  mine  host." 

Eric, 
Ville  Marie,  Canada. 


Ounrtei. 


THOilAS  LORD  CROMWELL,  A  SINGER  AXD 
COMEDIAN. 

I  am  "  snowed  up  "  here,  so  that  I  can  get 
neither  to  Oxford  nor  London,  and  I  have  at  hand 
none  but  the  ordinary  biographies  of  Thomas 
Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex,  beheaded  in  1540.  The 
best  account  I  have  of  him  is  unquestionably  that 
of  Messrs.  Cooper  in  their  Athencs  Cantahrigienses, 
Tol.  i.  p.  73,  but  it  does  not  advert  to  the  points 
regarding  which  I  want  information,  and  which 
I  solicit  from  some  of  your  readers  and  coiTe- 
spondents.  I  have  not  Foss's  Judges,  which 
perhaps  might  render  my  inquiry  needless :  if  it 
do  all  I  shall  want  is  a  reference  to  the  volume 
and  page,  which  I  dare  say  you  can  supply.* 

I  have  lately  been  re-reading  Drayton's  "  Le- 
gend of  the  Lord  Cromwell"  in  The  Min-or  for 
Magistrates  (in  reference  to  some  of  the  quotations 
which  occur  in  EtiglancTs  Parnassus,  1600,  which 
I  am  now  reprinting),  and  there  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing singular  lines,  referring  to  Cromwell's 
manner  of  obtaining  a  subsistence  while  abroad  in 
his  youth :  — 

"  Not  long  it  was  ere  Rome  of  me  did  ring, 
(Hardly  shall  Rome  so  full  daj's  see  again) 
Of  freemen's  catches  to  the  Pope  I  sing. 
Which  -vran  much  licence  to  my  countrjTnen, 
Thither  the  which  I  was  the  first  to  bring. 
That  were  unknown  in  Italy  till  then." 

Here  I  would  ask  (and  my  learned  friend  Dr. 
ErMBATJLT   can    probably  answer  the    question) 

[  *  Mr.  Foss  has  no  allusion  to  Cromwell  having  acted 
as  a  singer  or  comedian. — Ed.  "X.  &  Q."J 


whether  by  "  freemen's  catches  "  Drayton  means 
"  threemen's  catches,"  or  concerted  pieces  of  music 
for  three  voices.  Next,  I  am  anxious  to  know 
whether  there  is  any  other  extant  authority  for  the 
assertion  that,  by  the  singing  of  such  catches, 
CromweU  obtained  certain  privileges  for  the  Eng- 
lish then  residing  in  Eome.  Has  Drayton's  state- 
ment on  the  subject  been  anywhere  quoted? 
Farther  on,  we  come  to  a  stanza  where  it  is  dis- 
tinctly asserted  that  while  in  Rome  Cromwell 
flourished  as  a  "  comedian  " — no  doubt  meaning 
that  he  became  one  of  a  company  of  English  actors 
then  performing  in  Rome :  — 

"  As  a  comedian  where  my  life  I  led. 
For  so  a  while  mj^  need  did  me  constrain. 
With  other  my  poor  countrymen,  that  play'd, 
Thither  that  came  in  hope  of  better  gain  ; 
Whereas  when  Fortune  seem'd  on  me  to  tread 
Lender  her  feet,  she  set  me  up  again." 

This  appears  to  me  to  admit  of  only  one  inter- 
pretation, and  it  serves  to  show  that  even  at  that 
early  date — not  later,  probably,  than  1520  or  1525 — 
English  comedians  were  encouragedto perform  even 
in  Italy.  About  eighty  years  afterwards  we  know 
that  the  famous  Will.  Kemp  was  at  Rome,  no 
doubt  in  his  capacity  of  an  applauded  actor,  and 
there  he  was  seen  and  recognised  by  Sir  Anthony 
Sherley. 

Drayton's  "  Legend  of  the  Lord  Cromwell  " 
was  first  printed  in  1607,  and  transferred  to  The 
Mirror  for  3Iagistrates  (from  which  I  quote)  in 
1610.  The  edition  of  1607  went  through  my 
hands  in  1836,  when  I  was  preparing  The  Brichje- 
xoater  Catalogue,  but  I  have  only  very  recently  dis- 
covered that  the  passages  I  have  extracted  above 
were  valuable  in  the  histoiy  of  our  early  stage, 
and  especially  curious  as  regards  the  biography  of 
a  man  of  the  utmost  historical  celebrity  and  im- 
portance. My  questions  are  —  Is  it  anywhere 
noted  that  Cromwell  in  his  youth  taught  and  sang 
"freemen's  songs"  in  Rome;  or  that  he  was 
actually  a  member  of  a  successful  English  the- 
atrical company  in  the  same  city  ? 

J.  Pay^'e  Collier. 
Maidenhead,  Jan.  11, 1867. 


Adolphus's  "History  op  England." — An 
editorial  note  (1''  S.  i.  107),  not  indexed,  in- 
formed IxDAGATOR  that  the  continuation  of  the 
above  work  was  proceeding,  and  that  Mr.  J.  L. 
Adolphus  would  readily  explain  what  progress  he 
had  made.  What  ground  is  there  for  supposing 
that  he  intended  to  complete  his  father's  Histoiy  ? 
To  what  date  was  it  to  go  ?  Talented  as  he  was, 
I  do  not  think  he  had  his  father's  qualifications 
for  this  task.  Did  ]Mr.  .7.  L.  Adolphus  leave  any 
MSS.  ?  A  friend  sent  some  particulars  of  his  life 
to  The  Times  under  the  initials  D.C.L.  Perhaps 
he  could  explain,  and  also  give  the  date  and  place 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67,] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


75 


of  his  birth.     The  Law  Times,  xxxviii.  139,  gives 
his  age  as  sixty-eight.      The    Gent.  May.  (1862), 
though  copied  from  this,  gives  it  as  sixty-seven. 
Ralph  Thomas. 

Age  of  Oedination  in  Scotland  in  1682. — 
What  was  the  average  age  at  which  clergymen 
were  ordained  during  the  time  when  episcopacy 
prevailed  in  Scotland  ?  In  1682  I  find  a  student 
in  divinity  passing  his  "  trials  "  before  the  pres- 
bytery, and  then  being  "  licensed  "  by  the  bishop 
of  the  diocese.  I  am  anxious  to  form  some  guess 
at  his  age,  so  as  to  determine  (nearly)  the  year  of 
his  birth. 

I  presume  "licensing"  corresponds  to  "ordi- 
nation "  in  England.  The  latter  term  appears  to 
be  used  in  Scotland  only  to  denote  "  induction  to 
a  living."  F.  M.  S. 

Angels  of  the  Churches,  Eev.  i.  —  It  is 
well  known  that  TertuUian  explains  them  as  the 
Episcopi  instituted  by  St.  John.  In  Poli  Synopsis 
I  find  it  stated,  on  the  authority  of  Grotius,  that 
Irenseus  gives  the  same  explanation.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  corroborate  this  statement,  and  fur- 
nish the  reference  to  the  passage  in  Irenseus  ? 

Shem. 

Bernard  and  Lechton  Families.  —  In  the 
history  of  our  family  I  find  that  — 

"  William  Leslie,  13th  Baron  of  Balqiihain,  was  in  the 
service  of  Charles  II.,  whom  he  accompanied  to  Holland. 
He  married  Margery  Bernard,  and  had  a  daughter  Mary, 
married  to  Sir  Elias  Lechton,  a  colonel  in  the  army." 

Will  any  of  your  correspondents  tell  me  where 
I  can  get  further  information  about  the  Bernard 
and  Lechton  families  ?  Sir  Elias  must  have  been 
a  man  of  some  position,  I  should  think,  but  we 
know  nothing  of  him.  C.  S.  Leslie. 

Slindon  House,  Arundel,  Sussex. 

Caricatures. — What  caricaturist  of  the  be- 
ginning of  this  century  used  the  sign  of  an  orb, 
surmounted  by  a  fleur-de-lis,  with  "  Esq'  del.  ? 

J.  C.  J. 

Church  Dedication  :  Wellingborough.  — 
A  rather  odd  controversy  has  been  carried  on 
lately  in  the  Northamijton  Herald  about  the  true 
dedication  of  Wellingborough  Church.  There  are 
three  opinions :  (1)  that  the  church  is  "  All 
Saints" ;  (2)  that  it  is  "  St.  Luke's  " ;  (3)  that  it 
is  "  St.  Luke  and  All  Saints."  For  the  second 
and  third  opinions  tradition  is  appealed  to,  but  no 
documentary  evidence.  An  annual  fair,  held  on 
Oct.  29,  30,  is  also  appealed  to ;  though,  in  fact, 
all  parties  claim  tradition  and  the  annual  fair. 
For  "  All  Saints,"  the  evidence  comprises  docu- 
ments in  the  British  Museum,  as  Lansdowne 
MSS.  712  and  791,  which  carry  us  back  to  temp. 
Hen.  VIII.  Thus,  in  1543,  March  1,  John  Cros- 
brough  of  the  parish  of  All  Hallows  of  Welling- 
borough, contains  "  my  body  to  be  buried  in  the 


church  of  All  Hallows."  Wills,  twenty  years  older, 
have  also  been  referred  to  as  containing  similar 
words.  The  MS.  (Lansdowne,  712)  contains  a 
list  of  churches  in  Northamptonshire,  with  their 
dedications,  from  Tower  records  and  other  au- 
thentic sources,  and  gives  the  Wellingborough 
church  as  All  Saints.  Willis's  Survey  of  Cathe- 
drals, Ecton's  Thesaurus,  Bacon's  Liher  Regis, 
Bridges's  Northamptonshire,  Cole's  History  of  Wel- 
lingborough, and  other  books,  all  say  "  All  Saints." 

In  the  face  of  this,  and  with  no  evidence  to  the 
contrary  that  takes  the  shape  of  a  document,  the 
foundation  of  a  neio  church  in  another  part  of  the 
parish  was  laid  Nov.  1, 1866 ;  and  the  new  church 
is  also  to  be  called  All  Saints.  I  find  that  an 
ancient  chapel  was  attached  to  the  old  church, 
with  a  guild  or  fraternity  called  ''of  blessed 
Mary."  I  also  find  that  a  "  chapel  of  St.  Kateryn 
in  Wellyngburgh "  is  mentioned  in  1522,  and  I 
find  the  "All  Saints"  as  I  have  said;  but  "St. 
Luke,"  and  "  St.  Luke  and  All  Saints,"  elude  my 
search.  Personally  I  have  no  doubt  upon  the 
subject,  but  the  vicar  and  his  curates  seem  to 
have  decided  that  it  is  "  St.  Luke  and  All  Saints," 
which  I  regard  as  an  anomaly. 

My  question  is,  How  to  settle  such  a  question  ? 
Are  there  any  diocesan  or  other  documents  to 
which  appeal  can  be  made  as  authorities  ?  What 
are  '•'  authorities  "  in  such  a  case  ?  B.  H.  C. 

Cromwell's  sailing  for  America.  —  Hume 
gives  the  story  that  Cromwell,  Hampden,  Pym, 
and  Hazelrig  were  stopped  by  an  Order  in  Coun- 
cil from  sailing  for  America  *in  1638.  He  refers 
to  Hutchinson  (History  of  Massachusef  s  Bay\ 
"  who  puts  the  fact  beyond  controversy ;"  and  to 
Mathers,  Dugdale,  and  Bates  {Hist.  Engl,  c.  52). 

Lord  Nugent  relates  it,  referring  to  Dugdale, 
Neale,  and  Rush  worth  (Metnorials  of  Hamjjden, 
i.  253,  part  iv.,  ed.  1832).  Lord  Macaulay,  re- 
viewing Nugent,  accepts  it  without  a  question. 
Miss  Aikin  (I  suppose  in  her  book  on  Charles  I. 
in  1833)  is  believed  by  the  Quarterly  Review 
(vol.  cix.  p.  316)  to  have  been  the  first  to  de- 
molish the  credibility  of  the  anecdote.  The  re- 
viewer, a  little  ridiculously,  adds — "  the  incident 
is  not  mentioned  by  the  best  authorities,  including 
Clarendon : "  as  if  Clarendon  were  an  authority 
for  Cromwell's  life  before  he  came  much  forward ; 
and  as  if  (had  the  event,  to  his  knowledge,  taken 
place)  he  would  have  thought  it  of  any  moment. 

Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  will  have  the 
kindness  to  state  what  more  recent  critics  think 
of  the  above  conflicting  accounts.  C.  P.  M. 

Andrew  Crosbie. — I  shall  be  obliged  by  any 
information  respecting  Andrew  Crosbie,  an  emi- 
nent advocate  at  the  Scottish  bar  in  the  last  cen- 
tury, or  his  family  or  connections.  Crosbie  was 
admitted  an  advocate  in  August,  1757,  and  soon 


'6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  51.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


attained  a  higli  place  in  liis  profession  and  in  tlie 
intellectual  and  convivial  society  of  Edinburgh. 
It  is  said  he  was  the  prototype  of  Pleydell  in 
Gni/  Mannemig.  His  portrait  is  in  the  Advocates' 
Library.  Boswell  speaks  of  him  as  being  in  Dr. 
Johnson's  company  in  1773,  when  the  Doctor  was 
in  Edinburgh  on  his  way  to  the  Hebrides. 

J.  \j. 
Streatham. 

EpiGEAX.  —  Who  is  the  author  of  the  epi- 
grammatic lines  — 

"  Says  Clariuda,  '  Though  tears  it  may  cost,* 
it  is  time  we  should  part,  my  dear  Sue, 
For  your  character's  totally  lost, 
And  /  have  not  sufficient  for  two.''  " 

It  is  quoted  in  Letter  VI.  of  Tom  Moore's 
Fudge  Family  in  Paris,  1818,  and  was  recently 
parodied  in  Punch,  Gretsteil. 

"GLrGGiTY  Gltjg."  —  In  a  recent  number  of 
CasseU's  Penny  Readings,  there  is  a  song  given 
called  "  Gluggity  Gliig,"  the  hero  of  which  is  a 
drunken  friar,  who  is  riding  home  with  his  head 
to  the  horse's  tail,  in  the  belief  that  — 

"  Some  rogue,  whom  the  halter  will  throttle," 
has  cut  off  the  head  of  the  horse,  and  substituted 
its  tail;  and  he  does  not  discover  his  mistake 
until  he  is  thrown  into  a  pond.  In  a  note  the 
song  is  stated  to  be  from  "  The  Myrtle  and  the 
Vine,"  author  unknown.  If  this  is  the  case,  I 
should  be  much  obliged  by  being  informed  what 
have  been  the  most  probable  conjectures  with  re- 
gard to  the  authorship  ?  M.  op  P.  T. 

Hip  and  Thigh.  —  A  writer  in  The  Rainhoio 
for  September,  1866,  p.  423,  in  reference  to  the 
nature  of  the  oath  of  Gen.  xxiv.  2,  9,  and  other 
kindred  passages,  saj^s :  — 

"  We  may  gather  from  this  that  the  thigh  is  the  seat  of 
manhood ;  and  to  this  anatomy  seems  to  be  a  limping 
witness,  as  appears  from  the  following  statement :  — 
'  Instead  of  the  trunk  being  the  warmest  part  of  the 
body,  we  find  such  to  be  the  lower  edge  of  the  upper 
third  of  the  thigh  ;  but  the  reason  of  this  is  veiled  in  im- 
penetrable mystery,^  " 

I  may  also  append  his  query  attached  :  — 
"  Did  the  writer  of  the  Pentateuch  know  more  of  this 
than  Ave  do?     If  so,  it  is  not  the  onlj' instance  of  the 
ancients  being  more  instructed  than  the  moderns." 

Who  is  the  author  of  the  "  statement "  quoted 
above  ?  Perhaps  some  of  your  medical  correspon- 
dents will  kindlj^  favour  me  with  their  opinion 
(through  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.")  of  the  "  impene- 
trable mystery,"  Our  common  and  received 
opinion  is  strength ;  and  speaking  of  my  own  per- 
sonal experience,  I  do  not  remember  noticing  any 
particular  effect  from  cold  or  heat  on  the  thigh. 

[*  In  Booth's  Collection  of  Epigrams,  ed.  1865,  p.  219, 
it  commences  — 

"  Says  Chhe, '  Though  tears  it  may  cost.' " 
The  authorship  was  unknown  to  the  editor.] 


The  Arctic  explorers  might  be  able  to  give  an 
opinion  on  it. 

"  Taken  on  the  hip  "  is  to  hold  a  man  at  ad- 
vantage. It  wields  the  power  of  the  thigh  like  a 
helm.  Shakespeare  holds  this  view  of  it :  3Ier- 
chant  of  Venice,  Act  IV.  Sc.  1,  Gratiano  to  Shy- 
lock — "Xow,  infidel,  I  have  thee  on  the  hip." 
Again,  Othello,  Act  II.  Sc.  1,  lago  to  Roderigo  — 
"I'll  have  our  Michael  Cassio  onthe  hip."  There 
are  other  instances  of  the  use  of  the  word  hip  in 
Shakespeare,  but  these  are  sufficient  for  the  pre- 
sent purpose.  It  is  also  frequently  used  by  old 
English  writers  in  the  same  sense,  notwithstanding 
Johnson's  opinion  that  it  is  "  a  low  phrase."  Hip 
and  thigh  then,  I  take  it,  means  a  hand-to-hand 
melee,  a  "  war  to  the  knife,"  as  in  Judges  xv.  8, 
in  which  the  strength  of  the  enemy  was  overcome, 
independent  of  caloric  influence. 

Geoege  Lloyd. 

Darlington. 

The  iiosT  Cheistian  King's  Geeat  Geand- 
MOTHEE. — I  annex  a  copy  of  a  document  which  I 
purchased  the  other  day  at  an  auction.  Will 
"N.  &  Q."  kindly  inform  me  whether  "Madame 
Royale,  the  Most  Christian  Kiag's  Great  Grand- 
mother," is  a  correct  official  description  of  some 
personage  who  died  in  1724,  or  whether  the  entry 
is  not  a  bit  of  ponderous  pleasantry  on  the  part 
of  the  Ambassador  Extraordinary  ?  If  this  latter 
notion  be  the  right  one,  it  would  appear,  by  the 
special  sanction  given,  that  both  Newcastle  and 
the  king  had  taken  the  pleasantry  in  good  part, 
and  paid  "  Old  Horace  "  the  money :  — 

"Horace  Walpole,  His  Majesty's  Ambassador  Extraor- 
dinary' and  Plenipotentiarj'  at  the  Court  of  France,  craves 
allowance  for  the  following  extraordinaries  :  — 

"  For  three  months  from  the  14'^  of  January,  172^,  to 
the  14ii»  of  April,  1724. 
Postage  of  Letters  from  England  and  other        £     s.    d. 

foreign  parts 206  17     0 

Paper,  Pens  and  Ink,  and  other  Stationery 

wares 94    3     0 

Newspapers  and  Intelligence        .        .        .        49     0     0 
Given  in  gratuities  to  the  King's  Messen- 
gers, and  others  His  Majesty's   siibjects 
passing  this  way  during  the  said  time      .         50     0     0 

400     0    0 
For   putting   my  Family  and  Equipage  in 
j\Iourning  for  ]Madame  Royale,  the  Most 
Christian  King's  Great  Grand-mother      .      200    0    0 


£  600     0     0 


"  H.  Walpole." 
"  Whitehall,  25"'  July,  1724. 
"  I  alloM'  the  four  first  articles  of  this  Bill  aiHounting 
to  Four  hundred  Pounds  for  three  months  pursuant  to  the 
regulation  ;  and  the  last  Ai-ticle  thereof  amounting  to 
Two  hundred  Pounds  I  do  likewise  allow  by  His  Majesty's 
especial  Command. 

"  HOLLES  XeWCASTLE." 
CniTTLELDEOOG. 


3"!  S.  XI.  JaxX.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


77 


Hours  op  Divike  Service  and  Meals,  temp. 
James  I. — I  shall  be  glad  of  any  assistance  in 
discovering  the  usual  hour  or  hours  of  Divine  ser- 
vice on  Sundays  and  holy  days  in  (may  I  say) 
a  country  parish  of  500  souls  in  about  the  reign 
of  James  I.  I  should  like  to  know  the  usual 
times  of  meals  in  the  country  on  Sundays  and 
holy  days ;  were  more  than  two  meals  then  usual  ? 
Also,  any  references  to  books  in  which  these  points 
are  discussed.  W.  H.  S. 

Yaxley. 

LiNXUMDODDIE . — 

"  Willie  Wastle  dwalt  on  Tvreed, 
Tlie  spot  they  ca'd  it  Linkumdoddie. — Barns, 

Is  there  such  a  place ;  and  if  so,  in  what 
parish  ?  George  Vere  Irving, 

Carlo  Pisagane. — Is  there  any  biography  ex- 
tant of  this  Italian  author  and  patriot  ? 

Francesca. 

Old  Pictures. — Where  can  I  find  plain  direc- 
tions for  cleaning,  linin?,  and  re-varnishing  old 
pictures  ?  ^  F.  M.  S. 

The  Quarter  Deck. — There  is  a  well-known 
<;ustoni  of  bowing  to  the  quarter-deck  on  board  a 
man-of-war.  Can  the  origin  be  traced?  Some 
say  that  it  is  a  salutation  to  the  royal  arms,  but 
very  probably  it  may  be  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
Roman  Catholic  practice  of  reverencing  an  image. 
Does  such  a  custom  prevail  in  ships  of  other 
nations  ?  C.  T. 

Quotation  wanted. — 

"  Just  in  the  prime  of  life— those  golden  days 
When  the  mind  ripens  ere  the  form  decaj-s." 

R. 

Slade  :  Derivation  oe  the  Name. — Some  time 
"back  this  was  given  at  various  times  in  "  X.  &  Q." 
Can  any  one  give  the  references  ?  It  is  not  men- 
tioned in  the  indexes  to  the  volumes  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
in  the  British  Museum.* 

Slade  of  Riishton,  Northampton,  who  bore  arms 
at  Heralds'  Visitation,  temp.  Eliz.  Can  any  one 
give  any  account  of  the  family  and  its  present 
representatives  ?  Is  Rushton  a  manor  or  a  parish  ? 
It  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  only  History  of 
Northamptonshire  (Baker's  ?)  in  the  British 
Museum. 

Slade  of  Barham  Doiinie,  Kent.  Can  any  one 
give  information  of  this  family  and  its  present  re- 
presentatives, who  bore  the  same  arms  as  Slade  of 
Rushton,  temp.  Eliz.  ?  Likewise  Slade  of  Bathe, 
Devon.  S. 

"Solomon's  Song"  paraphrased.  —  In  1775 
■was  published  a  paraphrase  of  Solonon^s  Song  at 
Edinburgli,  Anon.     The  authorship  is  attributed 


r*  See  "X.  &QJ 
307.] 


S.  viii.  452,  528  ;  ix.  104,  207, 


to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Harper  (see  Lowndes,  ed.  Bohn), 
Episcopal  clergyman  at  Leith ;  and  also  to  Mrs. 
Bowdler,  wife  of  Thomas  Bowdler  (see  Darling's 
Cyclopced.  Bibl.).  Were  both  authors  connected 
with  this  publication  ?  R.  I. 

Earl  Temple. — In  Hoo'arth's  two  political  en- 
gravings entitled  "  The  Times,"  and  also  in  other 
satirical  prints  of  the  daj^,  Earl  Temple  is  repre- 
sented with  a  face  without  features,  like  a  barber's 
block.     Why  was  he  so  represented  ?  A.  P. 

TopsT    TuRVY.  —  What   is  the  etymology  of 

topsy  turvy  ?  The  Greek  is  cti-co  koI  Karw  /.leraarpe- 
(peiv.  Tci  fjLiV  &t'u  Karoo,  to.  5e  Karu  &.vw.  And  the 
Latin  is  Susque  deque.*  E.  J. 

Lampeter. 


"Johnnie  Dowie's  Ale."  —  Can  any  of  the 
readers  inform  me  who  was  the  author  of  the 
following  jeu  d! esprit,  which  has  been  attributed  to 
Burns  ?  — 

"  Mr.  John  Doivie,  Libhertons  Wynd,  Edinburgh. 
"  Dear  Johnnie,  ' 

"  I  cannot  withhold  this  tribute  of  my  gratitude  from 
you,  in  whose  house  I  have  spent  so  many  agreeable  . 
evenings  over  a  bottle  of  your  three-and-a-halfpenny 
Ale.  If  this  can  add  anything  to  your  fame  as  a  honest 
Publican,  or  give  a  higher  value  to  your  cheering  Ale,  I 
shall  be  very  happy,  and  think  myself  fully  rewarded  for 
my  trouble.  I  expect  that  you  will  not  withhold  from 
your  nightly  visitants  a  sight  of  this  your  '  Ale,'  in  order 
to  show  them  how  pleased  some  of  your  customers  are 
with  it.  May  you  enjoy  all  the  happiness  which  can 
residt  from  a  consciousness  of  having  sold  nothing  but 
good  right  wholesome  Ale,  is  the  wish  of 
"  Dear  Johnnie, 

"  Your  Friend  and  Customer. 

"  Edinburgh, 

14«i'  Sepf,  1789, 

"  Johnnie  Dowie's  Ale. 

"  A'  ye  wha  wis',  on  e'ening's  lang. 
To  meet  and  crack,  and  sing  a  sang. 
And  weet  your  pipes,  for  little  wrang 

To  purse  or  person. 
To  sere  [serious]  Johnnie  Dowie's  gang, 
There  thrum  a  vei'se  on. 
"  O,  Dowie's  Ale !  thou  art  the  thing 
That  gars  us  crack,  and  gars  us  sing. 
Cast  by  our  cares,  our  wants  a'  iiiug 

Frae  us  with  anger ; 
Thou  e'en  mak'st  passion  tak  the  wing. 
Or  thou  wilt  bang  'er. 
"  How  bless'd  is  he  wha  has  a  groat 
To  spare  upon  the  cheering  pot ! 
He  may  look  blythe  as  ony  Scot 

That  e'er  was  born  : 

Gie's  a'  the  like,  but  wi'  a  coat, 

An'  guide  frae  scorn. 

[*  Two  derivations  of  Topsy  Turvy  have  already  ap- 
peared in  "  N.  &  Q."  1^'  S.  viii.  385,  526,  575— namely, 
"  Top-side-turf- way,"  and  "  Top  side  t'other  way." — Ed.] 


(^*>^ 


^  C^  >vot   waotl;^..    i?5LB  ,     a.A)-^'a;-er,     /^/I'/x 


.4. 


n. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'*  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


"  But  think  na  that  strong  Ale  alone 
Is  a'  that's  kept  by  dainty  John  ; 
Na,  na,  for  i'  the  place  there's  none, 

Frae  end  to  end. 
For  meat  can  set  you  better  on 

Thau  can  your  friend. 

"  Wi'  looks  as  mild  as  mild  can  be, 
An'  smudgin'  laugh,  wi'  winken  ee ; 
An'  lowly  bow  down  to  his  knee. 
He'll  say  fu'  douce, 
*  Whe,  gentlemen,  stay  till  I  see 
What's  i'  the  house.' 
"  Anither  bow—'  Deed,  gif  ye  please. 
Ye  can  get  a  bit  of  toasted  cheese, 
A  crum  o' tripe,  ham,  dish  of  pease 

(The  season  fitten'), 
An  egg,  or,  cauler  frae  the  seas, 
A  fleuk  or  whitin. 

"  A  nice  beef-steak — or  ye  may  get 
A  gude  buff'd  herring,  reisted  skate. 
An'  ingaus,  an'  (tho'  past  its  date) 

A  cut  of  veal ; 
Ha,  ha !  it's  no  that  unco'  late, 
I'll  do  it  weel.' 
"  O,  G****g3'  u********^  dreigh  loun, 
An'  antiquarian  p*****  soun', 
Wi'  mony  ithers  i'  the  town. 

What  wad  come  o'er  ye, 
Gif  Johnnie  Dowie  shou'd  stap  down 
To  th'  grave  before  ye  ? 
"  Ye  sure  wad  break  your  hearts  wi'  grief, 
An'  in  strong  Ale  find  nae  relief. 
War  ye  to  lose  your  Dowie — chief 

0'  bottle  keepers ; 
Three 'years  at  least,  now  to  be  brief, 
Ye'd  gang  wi'  weepers. 
"  But,  gude  forbid !  for  your  sakes  a'. 
That  sic  an  usefu'  man  should  fa'; 
For,  frien's  o'  mine,  between  us  twa, 

Right  i'  j'our  lug, 

You'd  lose  a  houfF,  baith  warm  and  braw, 

An'  uncou  snug. 

"  Then,  pray  for  's  health  this  mony  a  yeai*, 

Fresh  thre-'n-a-ha'penny,  best  o'  beer, 

That  can,  tho'  dull,  you  brawly  cheer, 

Eecant  you  weel  up ; 

An'  gar  you  a'  forget  your  wear. 

Your  sorrows  seal  up. 

"  *  Another  bottle,  John ! ' 
'  Gentlemen,  't's  past  twelve,  and  time  to  go  home.' " 

J.  G.  B. 

[This  squib,  in  the  broadside  form  possessed  by  our  cor- 
respondent, was  printed  and  circulated  among  his  friends 
by  "Honest"  John  Dowie  himself,  and  is  now  rather 
scarce.  It  was  published  in  the  Scots  Magazine  for  1806, 
(vol.  Ixviii.  p.  243),  accompanied  with  a  portrait,  and 
was  there  attributed  to  Burns,  who  when  in  town  was 
a  frequent  visitor  of  Mr.  Dowie  ;  but  the  real  author  was 
Mr.  Hunter,  of  Blackness.  There  however  can  be  no 
doubt  that  Dowie  himself  attributed  it  to  the  more 
distinguished  poet ;  but  to  deceive  him  as  to  this,  was 
very  probably  part  of  the  joke.  There  is  a  likeness  of 
Dowie  in  Kay's  Portraits  (vol.  ii.  p.  1,  Paton  edition), 
and  in  the  subjoined  letter-press  the  verses  are  given. 


the  asterisks  being  filled  up  with  the  names  of  Geordie 
(it  should  be  Geordgy),  Eobertsoun,  and  antiquarian 
Paton.  A  portrait  and  notice  of  the  latter  will  also  be 
found  in  the  same  work  (vol.  i.  p.  243).  The  contents  of 
Dowie's  larder  are  interesting  in  reference  to  the  re- 
sources of  an  Edinburgh  tavern  towards  the  close  of  last 
century.] 

Alexander  the  Great. — In  what  book  in  the 
British  Museum  is  the  translation  of  Alexander's 
letter  to  his  preceptor  Aristotle,  giving  an  account 
of  his  Indian  expedition,  to  be  found  ?  J'ide  note, 
p.  163,  Thomas  Wright's  edition  of  Sir  John 
Maundeville's  Travels,  Bohn's  edition. 

Mermaid. 

[The  fabulous  epistle  of  Alexander  the  Great  to  his 
preceptor  Aristotle,  giving  an  account  of  the  wonderfal 
adventures  in  his  Indian  expedition,  will  bs  found  in  the 
following  work  in  the  British  Museum  under  Aristotle, 
Secreta  secretorum,  Paris,  1520,  12mo,  p.  ciii.,  and  entitled 
"  Alexandri  Macedonis  ad  Aristotelem  de  mirabilibus 
Indie."  (Press  mark,  520,  a,  12.)  There  is  also  a  Saxon 
translation  of  this  letter  in  MS.  Cotton.  Vitellius,  A.  xv. 
p.  104.] 

The  First  Book  printed  in  England. — It  is 
generally  considered  that  the  Game  of  Chess, 
dedicated  to  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  brother  of 
Edward  IV.,  was  the  first  book  printed  in  Eng- 
land by  Caxton.  But  in  Gurney's  Historical 
Sketches  (first  series,  p.  32),  his  History  of  Troy 
is  mentioned  as  having  been  printed  before  the 
Gatne  of  Chess.     Is  this  correct  ? 

Apropos  of  the  book-hunter's  reward,  Scott,  in 
his  Antiquary,  says  that  — 

"  Snuffy  Davie  (David  Wilson)  bought  the  Game  of 
Chess,  1474,  from  a  stall  in  Holland  for  two  groschen,  or 
about  twopence  of  our  money.  He  sold  it  to  Osborne  for 
twenty  pounds,  and  he  resold  it  to  Dr.  Askew  for  sixty 
guineas.  At  Dr.  Askcw's  sale,  this  inestimable  treasure 
blazed  forth  in  its  full  value,  and  was  purchased  by 
royaltj'  itself  for  one  hundred  and  seventy  pounds .'" 

Jno.  PiGGOT,  JtTN. 

[The  priority  of  the  printing  of  the  two  works  men- 
tioned by  our  correspondent  has  been  ably  investigated 
hj  Mr.  William  Blades  in  his  Life  and  Typography  of 
mUiam  Caxton,  2  vols.  4to  (i.  48-61).  At  the  end  of  the 
chapter  he  gives  the  following  brief  historical  notices  of 
the  two  works  : — "  Caxton  having  finished  and  been  re- 
warded for  his  trouble  in  translating  Le  Recueil  des 
Histoires  de  Troye  for  the  Duchess  of  Burgundy,  found 
his  book  in  great  request.  The  English  Lords  at  Bruges 
began  to  require  copies  of  this  the  most  favourite  romance 
of  the  age,  and  Caxton  found  himself  unable  to  supply 
the  demand  with  sufficient  rapidity.  We  have  now  ar- 
rived at  1472-3.  Colard  Mansion,  a  skilful  caligrapher, 
must  have  been  known  to  Caxton,  and  maj'  have  been 
employed  by  him  to  execute  commissions.  Mansion,  who 
had  obtained  some  knowledge  of  the  art  of  printing  (cer- 
tainlv  not  from  the  Mentz  school),  had  just  begun  his 


3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


79 


typographical  labours  at  Bruges,  and  was  readj'  to  pro- 
duce copies  by  means  of  the  press,  if  supported  by  the 
necessary  patronage  and  funds.  Caxton  found  the  money 
and  Mansion  the  requisite  knowledge,  and  between  them 
appeared  the  first  book  printed  in  the  English  language. 
The  Recuydl.  This  probably  was  not  accomplished  till 
1474,  and  was  succeeded  on  Caxton's  part  in  another  year 
by  an  issue  of  the  Chess  Book,  which,  as  we  are  informed 
in  a  second  edition,  was  '  anone  depesshed  and  solde.' ''] 

Besstjme. — In  the  Walberswick  churchwardens' 
account,  I  find  the  following  entry  (Gardner's  His- 
torical Account  of  Dunwich,  Sfc,  1754)  :  — 

"  1493.  For  a  Bessume  of  Pekoks  Fethers 4rf." 

What  is  this  ?  Johk  Piggot,  Jun. 

[Bessum,  or  besom,  perhaps,  says  Wachter,  from  Ger. 
lutzen,  mundare,  to  cleanse,  was  an  instrument  made  of 
peacocks'  feathers  to  be  used  as  a  broom.  Goldsmith,  in 
The  Citizen  of  the  TTorld  (let.  109),  remarks  that  "He 
(a  minister)  might  be  permitted  to  brandish  his  besom 
without  remorse,  and  brush  down  everj'-  part  of  the  furni- 
ture, without  sparing  a  single  cobweb,  however  sacred  by 
long  prescription."] 


ROUGET  DE  L'ISLE  :  MUSIC  OF  "  MAESEILLOIS 
HYMN." 
(S'l  S.  xi.-36.) 
Your  correspondent  rightly  disposes  of  Gossec's 
claim  (misprinted  Gossee)  to  any  authorship  in 
La  Marseillaise,  but  I  should  have  preferred  that 
he  had  written  it  "  has  been,"  instead  of  "  it  is  " 
attributed  to  him.  When,  however,  Mk.  Ogilvt 
adds  that  the  music  "  is  really  by  Rouget  de 
I'Isle  "  (as  well  as  the  words)  he  is  perhaps  not 
aware  how  much  controversy  has  recently  arisen 
in  France  upon  that  point.  It  commenced  with 
M.  Fetis,  who,  in  his  Biographie  Universelle  des 
Mtisieiens  (8vo,  1863,  vol.  v.),  under  "■  Navoigille 
(G.  J.)  "  writes  thus :  — 

"Xavoigille  est  le  ve'ritable  auteur  du  chant  de  La 
Marseillaise  dont  Rouget  de  I'Isle  n'avait  compose  que  les 
paroles  ;  cependant  on  a  toujours  attribue  au  poete  la 
part  du  musicien.  Rouget  de  I'Isle  ne  de'mentit  pas  ce 
bruit ;  et  meme,  apres  la  mort  de  Navoigille,  il  eut  le 
tort  de  donner  de  nouvelles  e'ditions  de  ce  beau  chant,  en 
se  I'attribuant.  Je  possede  la  plus  ancienne  edition, 
publie'een  1793,  sur  une  petite  feuille  volante,  semblable 
a  toutes  celles  des  airs  d'operas  et  des  chants  patriotiques 
qu'on  vendait  alors  six  sous  h  la  porte  des  theatres. 
EUe  a  pour  litre  :  Marche  des  Marsnllais,  paroles  du 
citoyen  Rouget  de  I'Isle,  musique  du  citoyen  NavoigiUe. 
A  Paris,  chez  Frere,  Passage  du  Sauinon,  ou  Von  trouve 
tous  les  airs  patriotiques  des  vrais  sans-culottes." 

According  to  M.  Fetis,  NavoigiUe  was  fifteen 
years  older  than  Rouget  de  I'Isle,  and  about  this 
time  was  established  as  a  violin  player  in  Paris. 
M.  Fetis  describes  Rouget  de  I'Isle  (vol.  vii.  8vo, 


1864)  as  a  man  of  letters  and  amateur  musician, 
born  at  Lons-le-Saulnier  (Jura)  in  1760,  and  as 
having  been  an  officer  of  engineers  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  revolution  in  1789.  Upon 
this  point  of  authorship  he  says  :  — 

'•  Dans  I'exaltation  des  principes  de  ce  temps  il  composa 
les  paroles  du  chant  sublime  connu  alors  sous  le  nom 
d'Hymne  des  3IarseiUais,  et  plus  tard  sous  celui  de  La 
3IarseiUaise" 

M.  Fetis  claims  the  discovery  that  Rouget  de 
risle  did  not  compose  the  music,  but  that  he  never- 
theless published  it  as  his  own  composition  in  a 
collection  bearing  the  following  title,  Cinquante 
Chaiits  Franqais,  paroles  de  differents  anteurs,  mis 
en  Musique  par  itourjet  de  Vlsle.  As  to  this  pub- 
lication being  after  the  death  of  NavoigiUe,  it  may 
be  borne  in  mind  that  NavoigUle  died  in  1811 ; 
that  Rouget  de  I'lsle's  having  written  this  national 
song  did  not  save  him  from  persecution  during  the 
reign  of  terror ;  that  he  was  imprisoned,  and  only 
ow«d  his  escape  from  the  guillotine  to  the  death  of 
Robespierre;  and  that  he  then  rejoined  the  army. 
Neglected  by  the  different  governments  that  suc- 
ceeded one  another,  he  obtained  neither  reward 
nor  employment  for  nearly  forty  years.  "  Napo- 
leon did  not  like  republicans,  and  left  him  in  the 
want  in  which  I  knew  him  [says  M.  Fetis]  in 
1809."  It  was  perhaps  this  want,  and  the  despair 
of  ever  again  obtaining  employment,  that  induced 
him  to  publish  it  at  all,  since  it  had  been  the 
great  drawback  to  his  advance  in  his  profession. 

One  of  M.  Fetis's  correspondents,  M.  Benedit, 
proves  that  the  words  were  not  originally  sung 
to  the  known  music,  but  to  a  lively  air  ;  and  that 
at  a  banquet  of  sans-culottes  at  Marseilles,  on  the 
24th  of  June,  1792.  The  song  was  entitled  (in 
a  revolutionary  paper  of  the  day)  "Chant  de 
guerre  aux  Armies,  sur  I'air  de  Sargines."  Sar- 
gines  was  an  opera  by  Dalayrac,  performed  in 
1788. 

Another  of  M.  Fetis's  correspondents,  M.  Au- 
guste  Roehn,  who  was  a  pupil  of  NavoigiUe  in 
1793,  seems  to  prove  too  much.  According  to 
him,  NavoigiUe  claimed  to  have  composed  the 
music  of  "La  MarseiUaise " ;  and  to  have  had  it 
performed  at  Madame  de  Montesson's,  at  her  cha- 
teau of  Neuilly,  before  the  revolution  of  1789  ! 
Now,  according  to  M.  Benedit,  the  words  were 
written  by  Rouget  de  I'Isle  at  Strasburg,  in 
March,  1792,  and  they  have  been  proved  to  have 
been  sung  to  an  air  in  Sargines ;  or  as  M.  Boucher, 
another  former  pupil  of  NavoigiUe,  says,  to  an 
allegro  in  6-8  time,  ''  qui  donnait  a  ce  chant  un 
caractere  bizarre  de  contredanse."  So  we  are  to 
believe  that  words  and  music  were  written  quite 
independently,  and  only  fitted  one  another  by  ac- 
cident. Internal  evidence  will  weigh  with  some 
against  this  supposition;  for,  to  all  appearance, 
the  one  must  have  been  written  for  the  other. 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[S'd  s.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


M.  Fetis's  theory  lias  been  warmly  attacked  by 
tbose  who  are  unwilling  to  believe  Eouget  de 
risle  capable  of  such  dishonesty  as  that  of  ap- 
propriating to  himself  another  man's  composition. 
These  argue  that,  if  the  fleeting  sheet  which  bears 
the  name  of  Navoigille  remained  unknown  to 
jVI,  Fetis  until  within  the  last  few  j^ears  —  he, 
having  been  born  in  1780,  so  living  through  those 
eventful  times,  and  always  collecting  materials 
for  his  proposed  Biography  of  Musicians — may  it 
not  have  been  equally  unknown  to  Rouget  de 
risle  ? 

But  for  the  evidence  of  the  music  before  1789, 
one  might  have  supposed  that  the  Paris  pro- 
fessor received  the  amateur's  composition,  and 
dressed  it  up  for  publication — so  becoming  the 
Teputed  author.  Now  we  can  only  say,  with 
Sir  Lucius,  that  "it  is  a  pretty  quarrel  as  it 
stands."  W.  Chappell. 


Mr.  Arthtjk  Ogilvy  will  find  some  mention  of 
JRouget  de  Lisle  in  Lamartine's  History  of  the 
Girondists,  book  xvi.  sec.  29  and  30.  The  French 
historian  gives  a  very  quaint  account  of  the  first 
production  of  the  "  Marseillaise,"  that  most  spirit- 
stirrino:  of  national  airs.      Joif  athan  Bouchier. 


^'  PIXKERTON'S  CORRESPOXDENCE  :  "  GEORGE 
ROBERTSON. 

(3"i  S.  X.  387,  496.) 

Although  no  one  can  have  a  higher  opinion  of 
the  merits  of  the  late  Mr.  Dawson  Turner  than 
"the  writer  of  the  remarks  controverted  by  T.  B., 
there  assuredly  can  be  no  reason  why  eiTors  com- 
mitted by  that  estimable  gentleman  should  not  be 
pointed  out. 

T.  B.  must  forgive  me  for  observing  that  he  has 
not,  in  either  of  the  instances  in  question,  been 
successful  in  his  refutation.  '^  Mr.  A.  F.  Tytler  " 
was  not  "  the  vindicator  of  Queen  Mary " ;  and 
although,  with  many,  persons  of  eminence,  his 
elaborate  treatise  is  held  to  be  the  best  work 
which  has  hitherto  appeared  in  defence  of  the 
queen,  stiU  it  proceeded  from  the  pen  of  William 
Tytler,  Esq.,  of  Woodhouselee,  the  father  of  "  Mr. 
A.  F.  Tytler,"  the  future  judge.  The  ''  editor  "  of 
PinheHon'' s  Correspondence  may  or  may  not  have 
thought  much  of  Mr.  Wm.  Ty tier's  book ;  but  that 
is  not  the  point,  which  is,  whether  the  letter  ad- 
dressed to  Pinkerton  on  the  subject  of  the  merits 
of  Allan  Ramsay  was  not  answered  by  Pinkerton 
in  a  letter  dated  Hampstead,  July  8,  '1800,  erro- 
neoiisly  said  to  have  been  sent  to  "  Mr^'M.  Laing." 
How  this  mistake  occurred  is  remarkable,  because 
any  person  perusing  Lord  Woodhouselee's  letter 
must  see  at  a  glance  that  the  letter  said  to  have 
been  sent  by  Pinkerton  to  Laing  was  an  answer  to 
that  of  the  j  udge.  There  never  was  any  controversy 


between  the  two  historians  on  the  subject  of  Allan 
Ramsay;  but  Tytler  had  praised  the  author  of 
the  Gentle  Shepherd,  whilst  Pinkerton  had,  on  the 
other  hand,  depreciated  him.  Plence  the  letter 
and  answer,  both  of  which  reflect  the  highest 
credit  on  the  writers.  I  suspect  the  letter  of 
July  8  has  been  printed  from  a  draught.  The 
original  is  probably  in  possession  of  Lord  Wood- 
houselee's representative. 

As  regards  Mr.  George  Robertson,  there  is  no 
possibility  of  mistake.  Pinkerton's  correspondent, 
George  Robertson,  by  marriage  with  Miss  Scott  of 
Benholm,  was  known  as  George  Robertson  Scott, 
Esq.,  Advocate,  and  as  such  is  entered  in  the  list 
of  members  of  Faculty.  His  father  was  a  writer, 
or  Writer  to  the  Signet  in  Edinburgh.  Now  the 
other  George  was  in  no  way  related  to  the  legal 
gentleman.  He  was  connected  with  the  counties 
of  Ayr  and  Renfrew.  In  1818  he  published,  at 
Paisley,  A  General  Description  of  the  Shire  of 
Renfrew,  4to,  being  a  reprint  of  George  Crawfurd  s 
book  originally  published  in  1710,  folio,  "and 
continued  to  the  present  period,  by  George  Ro- 
bertson, author  of  the  Agricultural  Survey  of  Mid- 
lothian." 

The  same  individual  subsequently  published  a 
topographical  account  of  a  portion  of  the  shire  of 
Ayr.  His  most  valuable  contribution,  however, 
to  Ayrshire  was  A  Genealoyical  Account  of  the 
•principal  Families  in  Ayrshire,  more  particularly 
in  Cunninghame  :  Irvine,  crown  8vo,  1823 — 5, 
three  volumes,  with  supplement.  These  volumes 
are  seldom  found  complete,  so  that  any  one  having 
them  in  an  entire  state  has  reason  to  congratulate 
himself  on  his  good  fortune. 

The  omission  of  George  Robertson  by  Lowndes 
is  not  to  be  wondered  at.  So  little  was  for- 
merly thought  of  the  literature  of  the  North, 
that  but  slight  inquiries  were  ever  made  on  the 
subject.  .Lowndes'  meritorious  work,  for  a  first 
production  of  the  kind,  deserves  every  praise ;  and 
the  reprint  in  12mo  is  a  great  improvement, 
especially  in  the  later  volumes.  Nevertheless,  it 
was  a  Scotsman  who  originally  started  the  idea  of 
a  Bibliotheca  Britannica,  and  the  work  of  Mr. 
Watt  in  four  large  quarto  volumes  exists  as  a 
splendid  record  of  persevering  patience  and  in- 
dustry, and  a  striking  instance  of  the  small  degree 
of  patronage  bestowed  by  the  public  on  really 
laborious  and  valuable  productions.  J.  M. 


The  following  question  arises  out  of  Mr.  Pik- 
kerton's  note  on  this  subject :  Was  Sir  William 
Brereton  a  Royalist?  In  Brayley's  History^  of 
Surrey,  vol.  iv.  p.  6,  it  is  stated  that  Sir  William 
Brereton  was  a  general  oflicer  of  the  Parlia- 
mentarians during  the  Civil  War,  and  was  re- 
warded by  Parliament  with  various  estates  for  his 
services.  In  a  note  to  an  edition  of  Butler's 
Hudihras  published  in  1812  (vol.  ii.  p.  353),  re- 


3"»  S.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AlND  QUERIES. 


fening  to  the  Parliamentarians,  Sir  William 
Brereton,  who  is  there  called  a  Cheshire  knight, 
is  thus  described :  — 

"  Will  Brereton 's  a  sinner, 
And  Croydon  knows  a  winner ; 
But  Oil !  take  heed  lest  he  do  eat 
The  rump  all  at  one  dinner." 

Waxtek  J.  Till. 
Crovdon. 


In  the  notices  by  J.  AT.  (p.  387)  as  to  George 
Kobertson  and  that  of  T.  B.  (p.  496)  there  appears 
to  me  some  little  mistake  as  to  whom  I  think  may 
be  really  the  self  and  same  person.  J.  M.  says, 
that  George  Robertson  "  was  called  suhsequentbj 
Mr.  Robertson  Scott  of  Benholme;"  T.  B.  re- 
marking that  "  the  George  Robertson  must  have 
been  an  obscure  writer."  Benholme  Castle  is  in 
the  town  of  Bervie,  Kincardineshire ;  and  from  the 
circumstance  of"  George  Robertson  "  having  been 
the  author  of  a  work  with  reference  to  that  county, 
I  consider  that  Mi-.  Dawson  Turner,  the  editor 
of  Finkerfon's  Correspondence,  is  correct  in  his 
note  as  to  the  writer  of  the  letter  given  on  p.  420 
of  that  work.  As  a  proof  that  "  George  Robert- 
son "  was  not  an  obscure  writer,  I  beg  to  annex  a 
list  of  his  publications :  — 

1.  Vieic  of  the  Agriculture  of  3Iidlothia?i,  or  Edinburgh- 
shire, 8vo,  1795.  f"  Not  now  to  be  had." — Notice  by 
G.  E.  himself  in  1823.] 

2.  View  of  the  Agriculture  of  Kincardineshire,  8vo, 
1808.     ["Yery  scarce."— Ditto.] 

3.  Continuation  of  Crawfurd's  History  of  Renfrew- 
shire, and  History  of  the  Stewarts,  greatly  augmented, 
4to,  1818.  [*'  Mr.  Crichton,  the  proprietor  of  this  book, 
did  it  great  justice  in  getting  it  up  in  a  fine  style  of 
printing,  on  good  paper,  with  an  ancient  and  a  modern 
map,  and  sundry  engravings,  A  few  copies  still  remain 
on  royal  paper,  price  1/.  lis.  Q,d" — Ditto.] 

4.  Topographical  Description  of  Ayrshire,  more  par- 
ticularly of  Cunninghame,  4to,  1820,  ["  All  bespoke  by 
the  time  it  was  out  of  the  press," — Ditto.] 

5.  Genealogical  Account  of  the  Principal  Families  in 
Ayrshire,  more  particularly  in  Cunninghame.  3  vols.  sm. 
8vo,  with  a  Supplement,  1823 — 27,  [This  is  now  a  rare 
work.] 

6.  Rural  Recollections  ;  or,  the  Progress  of  Improvement 
in  Agriculture  and  Rural  Affairs.  [In  the  Lothians, 
Kincardineshire,  and  Ayrshire,  with  *' Notices  of  Im- 
provers, or  successful  Cultivators."]  8vo,  1829.  [This 
is  a  singularly  curious  and  highly  interesting  work,  con- 
taining much  valuable  information  not  to  be  found  else- 
where. ] 

In  addition  to  these,  George  Robertson  was  a 
writer  of  various  papers  which  appeared  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  Highland  Society  of  Scotland, 
&c.  &c.  He  latterly  resided  at  Bower  Lodge,  in 
Irvine,  Avrshire.  but  I  think  he  is  now  dead! 

T.  G.  S. 

Edinburgh. 


FEET :  ARMS  OF  SAVOY. 
(.S'l  S.  ix.  400,  476 ;  x.  45.3.) 
Though  I  do  not  desire  to  prolong  the  contro- 
versy with  D.  P.  on  these  subjects,  I  must  yet 
crave  space  for  a  reply,  which  shall  be  as  brief  as 
possible,  to  some  of  the  many  interrogatories  in 
his  paper;  much  of  which  I  venture,  with  all 
humility,  to  think  quite  beside  the  question.  If 
I  did  not  make  my  case  stronger  by  quoting 
Vertot  (whose  statements  were  never,  to  my 
knowledge,  refuted),  it  was  not  because  I  failed  in 
respect  for  "my  old  and  esteemed  friend,"  but 
because  I  considered  (as  I  still  do)  my  case  quite 
strong  enough ;  and  because  I  quoted  the  greatest 
authority  upon  all  points  connected  with  the  his- 
tory of  the  House  of  Savoy,  that  Chevalier  de 
Guichenon  whom  D.  P.  so  very  uuaccoimtabiy 
and  (I  think)  so  perversely  depreciates. 

So  far  as  the  question  is  a  matter  of  opinion, 
D.  P.  is  of  course  welcome  to  enjoy  his,  backed 
up  as  it  is  by  Puflendorff,  by  the  author  of  the 
Universal  History,  and  by  what  Yertot  with 
pleasing  exaggeration  calls  "  un  nombre  infini 
d'ecrivains."  I — relying  on  Guichenon,  Yertot, 
Brianville,  Spener,  and  Menetrier,  authors  whose 
authority  and  whose  ability  to  form  a  judgment 
upon  such  matters  no  one  can  deny — shall  retain 
mine,  I  cannot  see  that  the  repetition  of  a  fiction, 
by  even  "un  nombre  infini  d'ecrivains,"  can  con- 
vert that  fiction  into  a  fact ;  nor  will  my  belief 
that  it  is  a  fiction  be  shaken  by  the  circumstance 
of  its  repetition  in  an  address  to  a  pope,  delivered 
nearly  two  centuries  after  the  event  is  asserted  to 
have  taken  place. 

As  to  the  device  feet,  the  evidence  from  the 
coins  and  tomb  of  Thomas  de  Savoye,  and  from 
the  coins  of  Louis  de  Savoye,  is,  at  all  events, 
conclusive  against  D.  P,'s  original  statement,  that 
it  "was  first  used  by  Amadis  the  Great  of  Savoy," 
and  that  it  was  "  made  of  the  initial  letters  of 
these  words — 'Fortitude  Ejus  Rhodum  Tenuit."  " 
"With  regard  to  the  original  arms  of  Savoy,  and 
the  true  explanation  of  the  assimiption.of  bearings 
identical  with  those  of  the  Knights  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist,  I  must  again  refer  those  interested 
in  the  subject  to  my  quotation  from  Menetrier  at 
X.  477.  The  whole  of  Lombardy  was  under  the 
protection  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  from  the  time 
at  least  that  Theodelinda,  Queen  of  the  Lombards, 
early  in  the  seventh  century,  founded  at  Monza  a 
magnificent  church  under  his  invocation.  As  then 
the  arms  (G.  a  cross  ar.)  were  those  of  the  Order 
of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  there  is  no  need  to  invent 
fictions  to  account  for  their  assumption  by  a 
country  which  was  under  that  saint's  protection. 

The  cross  of  St.  George  was  assumed  in  Uke 
manner  on  the  banner  of  England,    and  in  the 
arms  of  Genoa,  London,  Barcelona,  and  Messina. 
Again,  the  historian  R,  P.  Monod  shows  con- 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jax.  26,  '67 


clusively  that,  as  the  plain  cross  without  brisure 
was  borne  by  Thomas  the  father  of  Amadeus  the 
Great,  the  latter  could  not  have  received  it  from 
the  Knights  of  St.  John  as  a  recompense  for  ser- 
vices which  (to  say  the  least)  it  is  very  doubtful 
that  he  rendered.  As  to  the  bend,  and  label 
azure,  they  were  but  brisures.  Spener  {Op.  Her. 
p.  Spec,  p.  338)  alludes  to  Bara's  statement,  and 
gives  this  as  his  opinion.  It  is  that  also  of  P. 
Menetrier.   {Recherches  dii  Blazon,  pp.  129,  130.) 

D.  P.  asks,  "What  was  the  occasion  upon 
which  the  House  of  Savoy  changed  their  ancient 
coat — a  fact  which  I  believe  has  not  yet  been 
denied  ?  "  Of  course  it  has  not  been  denied,  since 
we  all  know  that  the  old  arms  were  (as  I  stated 
at  ix.  477)  the  eagle,  and  as  the  cross  is  now  borne, 
a  change  must  have  taken  place.  But  does  not 
D.  P.  know  that  in  the  early  days  of  heraldry 
such  changes  were  frequent,  and  that  two  brothers 
often  bore  different  (and  not  merely  differenced) 
arms?  My  reply  then  is,  that  the  cross  was 
assumed  by  some  of  the  members  of  the  house, 
while  the  eagle  was  still  borne  by  the  others. 
And  in  proof  of  that  assertion  I  refer  to  Mene- 
trier's  Veritable  Art  du  Blazon,  where,  at  p.  432, 
he  shows  from  the  tomb  of  the  Countess  Beatrice 
the  shields  of  the  eight  brothers,  sons  of  Thomas 
the  grandfather  of  the  hero  of  Rhodes  (?).  Of 
these,  the  shields  of  Amadeus,  Aymon,  Peter,  and 
Philip,  all  bear  the  cross ;  those  of  Humbert,  and 
William,  Bishop  of  Liege,  bear  the  earjle;  that  of 
Thomas,  Count  de  Maurienne  and  Piedmont,  is 
charged  with  a  lion ;  and  that  of  Boniface,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  with  a  pastoral  staff.  Here 
we  have  the  cross  of  Savoy  borne  by  the  four 
uncles  of  the  warrior  upon  whom  D.  P,  would 
have  us  believe  it  was  conferred. 

With  this  plain  statement  of  facts,  which  ap- 
pears to  me  conclusive,  I  might  stop.  It  is  not 
incumbent  upon  me  to  show  reasons  why  a  com- 
pound of  ''  lying  and  impudence  "  (to  use  D.  P.'s 
expression)  was  never  formally  contradicted ;  but 
I  may  say  that  I  do  not  see  that  the  allegation, 
that  one  of  the  princes  of  the  house  had  heroically 
assisted  the  Knights  of  St.  John,  was  one  which, 
however  false,  a  sovereign  house  need  have  had 
difficulty  in  enduring,  or  that  it  was  worth  the 
labour  of  a  formal  refutation.  I  should  as  soon 
have  expected  to  read  of  such  an  official  denial, 
as  to  have  heard  that  one  of  the  Dukes  of  Lor- 
raine desired  officially  to  refute  the  "  lying  and 
impudence  "  contained  in  the  fabulous  account  of 
the  origin  of  their  arms.  Of  them  we  are  gravely 
told  that  one  of  their  ancestors,  being  in  want  of 
a  pen  one  day,  pierced  xvith  one  shaft  the  three 
eagles  which  (as  allerions)  figure  now  in  the 
arms  of  the  House  of  Hapsburg-Lorraine.  The 
heraldry  of  those  days  of  romance  was  full  of  such 
fables  (witness  the  fabulous  origin  of  the  Danne- 
brog,  or  of  the  fleurs-de-lis  of  France).     All  such 


tales,  especially  those  which  in  any  way  appeared 
to  do  honour  to  the  saints  and  to  the  cause  of 
religion,  were  readily  received ;  but  beautiful  as 
such  fables  often  were,  and  full  of  valuable  sym- 
bolism, it  is  a  little  too  much  to  expect  of  us 
credence  in  them  when  they  are  contradicted  by 
common  sense  or  by  the  voice  of  history. 

John  Woodwakd. 
St.  Mary's  Parsonage,  Montrose. 


MORTICE  AND  TEXON. 
(3^0  S.  X.  449.) 
The  mortice  and  tenon  joint  is  so  necessary  to 
rigidity  and  the  general  stability  of  woodwork, 
that  it  was  probably  invented  as  soon  as  men 
turned  their  attention  to  the  arts  of  construction — 
probably  in  the  lifetime  of  Adam.  The  earliest 
mention  of  it  on  record  is  in  the  book  of  Exodus, 
xxvi.  17,  "Two  tenons  shall  there  be  in  one 
board,"  &c.  But  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it 
was  extensively  used  in  the  building  of  Noah's 
ark.  Such  a  stupendous  piece  of  carpentry  could 
not  otherwise  have  held  together.  The  mode  of 
junction  at  Stonehenge  is  not,  strictly  speaking, 
mortice  and  tenon.  It  would  be  more  correctly 
defined  as  pin  and  socket,  being  an  earlier  form  of 
the  veritable  mortice  and  tenon  joint — a  well-fit- 
ting and  rectangular  interunion  of  parts.  It  is 
notable  that  the  use  at  Stonehenge  of  this,  which 
is  an  essentially  wooden  mode  of  construction  to  a 
diverse  material,  is  unique.  It  is  probable  that 
in  making  the  doorway  of  their  better  kind  of 
huts,  they  would  drive  a  couple  of  stakes  into 
the  ground  to  form  the  side  posts,  and  that  these 
stakes  were  pointed  at  the  top  to  go  into  holes 
made  in  the  piece  forming  the  lintel ;  and  so  did 
they  in  their  stone  temple,  plainly  evidencing 
their  utter  inexperience  in  the  use  of  stone. 
From  love  of  the  mysterious  and  marvellous,  there 
is  a  gi'eat  disposition  to  give  an  undue  importance 
to  these  remains ;  as,  for  instance,  in  the  supposi- 
tion that  the  stones  were  quarried  in  and  brought 
from  Cornwall.  The  bringing  such  heavy  masses 
over  mountains  and  through  the  woods  and  mo- 
rasses which  then  existed  would  be  an  impossi- 
bility. My  belief  is  that  the  stones  forming  this 
and  similar  structures  were  found  on  the  spot  or 
in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  their  erec- 
tion ;  that  they  were  boulders  left  by  the  primaeval 
floods  which  swept  the  earth  anterior  to  man's 
existence.  I  think,  too,  the  rocking  stones  have 
the  same  origin,  their  singular  position  being 
simply  accidental.  It  is  very  likely  that  the 
stones  lying  on  the  surface  of  the  ground,  ready 
to  hand,  originated  the  idea  of  constructing  the 
temple.  The  ability  with  which  the  people  of  this 
period  are  usually  credited  to  quarry  such  large 
masses  of  stone  argues  a  much  greater  acquaint- 


3'«i  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67.]  NOTE  S  AND  QUERIE S. 


83 


ance  witli  the  material  than  is  shown  hy  their 
way  of  using  it.  In  moving  the  stones  limited 
distances,  roughly  working  and  raising  them,  I  see 
no  great  difficulty  even  with  their  limited  know- 
ledge and  rude  appliances.  The  vioclus  operandi 
I  suppose  to  have  been  this : — The  stone  being 
selected  and  prepared,  a  hole  was  dug  in  the 
place  required  for  its  erection,  and  the  stone 
brought  to  the  edge  of  the  orifice  by  levers  (rough 
branches  of  trees  it  may  be) ;  it  would  then  be 
raised  by  ropes  and  use  of  levers.  To  raise  the 
lintel,  I  think  it  likely  they  had  a  rough  wedge- 
shaped  scaffolding  of  the  height  of  the  perpendi- 
cular stones,  and  up  this  they  would  work  the 
stone  by  leverage.  Of  course,  to  them,  it  would 
be  a  work  of  time  and  labour ;  but  perseverance 
would,  I  think,  accomplish  this  much. 

P.  E.  Maset,  Architect. 
24,  Old  Bond  Street,  W. 


LADY  KICHAKDSON. 


(3'<»  S.  X.  487.) 

Mr.  Hazlitt  is  in  error  iu  supposing  that  Lady 
Richardson  was  married  to  a  gentleman  named 
Cramond.  She  was  created  Baroness  Cramond  in 
the  peerage  of  Scotland  in  1628,  with  remainder 
to  Sir  Thomas  Richardson's  son  by  his  first 
marriage  with  Ursula  Southwell. 

Her  first  husband  was  Sir  John  Ashburnham, 
Knt.,  of  Ashburnham,  by  whom  she  was  mother 
of  Mr.  Ashburnham,  the  faithful  attendant  of 
Charles  I.,  and  grandmother  of  the  first  Lord 
Ashburnham.  S.  P.  V. 

Lady  Richardson  (daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Beaumont,  Ivnt.)' married,  first,  Sir  John  Ash- 
burnham, whose  daughter  Anne  married  Sir  Ed- 
ward Bering,  Knight  and  Baronet.  She  married, 
secondly,  Sir  Thomas  Richardson,  Knt.,  and  was 
created  by  King  Charles  I.  Baroness  Cramond. 
Vide  Douglas,  Peei-age  of  Scotland,  p.  148,  ed. 
1766;  and  Nisbet,  vol.  ii.  pp.  70,  178,  187,  ed. 
1816.  G.  H.  D. 

Elizabeth  Lady  Richardson  is  mentioned  in 
Nichols's  Leicestershire,  vol.  ii.  part  II.,  p.  854.  I 
inclose  the  extract  taken  from  the  account  of  the 
monuments  in  Stoughton  church,  Leicestershire : — 

"  On  the  left  hand  side,  or,  on  a  chief  sable,  three  lions' 
heads  erased  of  the  first,  '  Eichardson,'  impaling  ♦  Beau- 
mont.' 

"  Xeere  to  this  place  lyeth  interred  the  body  of  Sir 
Thomas  Beaumont,  of  Stawton,  in  the  county  of  Lester, 
Knight,  who  died  the  27  of  November,  1614.  Dame 
Katherine,  His  Wife,  Daughter  and  Heire  of  Thomas 
Farnham,  of  Stawton  aforesaid,  Esq.  (She  died  the 
10"'  of  May,  1621  ;)  Leaving  issue  three  sons  and  seven 
daughters  ;  viz.  Sir  Henry  Beaumont,  Sone  and  Heire, 
married   Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Willm.   Turpin,  of 


Knaptoft;  Farnham  Beaumont,  second  Sone;  Thomas 
Beaumont,  third  Sone;  Elizabeth,  wife  to  Sir  Johx 
Ashburnham,  after  wife  to  Sir  Thomas  Eichard- 
SONE,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench. 
Frances,  wife  to  Sir  Wolstan  Dixie ;  Anne,  wife  to  .John 
Dillon;  Hellen,  lived  unmarried;  Isabel,  wife  to  Hugh 
Snazell ;  Jane,  wife  to  William  Temple ;  Mary,  wife  to 
Eichard  Paramore. 

"this  monument  was  erected 

AT   the   care   and    COST    OF 

the   lady   ELIZA.   RICHARDSON,   BARONIS   OF 

cramond,   THEIR  ELDEST   DAUGHTER, 

ANNO  1631." 

H.  L.  Powts-Kecb:. 
Stoughton  Grange,  Leicester. 


itineeaeies  of  EDWAED  I. 

EDWABD   IL 


AND 


(S"'  S.  xi.  29.) 

It  was  with  extreme  regret  that  I  read  Mr. 
Hart's  article  under  this  heading.  I  had  hoped 
that  the  acrimonious  and  personal  tone  displayed 
in  it  had  been  abandoned  by  writers  on  antiqua- 
rian subjects  since  the  decease  of  Joseph  Ritson. 
In  the  present  case  it  is  to  be  more  regretted,  as 
both  Mr.  Hartshorne  and  ]\Ir.  Pettigrew  (who 
was  at  the  time  these  Itineraries  were  published 
editor  of  the  publications  of  the  British  Archae- 
ological Association)  have  been  removed  from 
among  us. 

Why  Mr.  Hartshorne,  who,  as  Mr.  Hart  him- 
self shows,  was  quite  aware  of  the  date  of  the 
death  of  Edward  I.,  should  commence  the  second 
regnal  year  of  Edward  II.  a  week  earlier  than  it 
would  naturally  do,  cannot  now  be  explained. 
As,  however,  these  Itineraries  give  not  only  the 
regnal  years,  but  those  of  our  Lord,  and  the  au- 
thorities from  the  various  rolls  for  each  entiy,  an 
error  in  the  former  can  but  in  the  smallest  degree 
affect  the  value  of  this  Index. 

To  the  great  value  of  these  Itineraries  I  am 
happy  to  bear  a  most  grateful  testimony,  as 
Mr.  Hartshorne  was  kind  enough  to  furnish  me 
with  an  extract  of  his  then  unpublished  one  of 
Edward  I.  when  I  was  compiling  my  Histm-y  of 
the  Upper  Ward  of  Lanarkshire,  and  thus  enabled 
me  to  show  conclusively  the  utter  mythical  nature 
of  Blind  Harry's  battle  of  Biggar. 

As  to  names  of  places,  I  can  assure  Mr.  Hart 
that  I  have  had,  in  many  cases,  and  especially  in 
Scotch  ones,  to  compare  Mr.  Hartshorne's  list 
with  the  records,  and  have  always  found  him  cor- 
rect, startling  as  some  of  the  variations  certainly 
are.  I  may  add,  that  the  variations  of  Pontoise 
actually  do  occur  in  the  rolls,  two  of  them  in  con- 
secutive entries. 

As  for  Mr.  Hart's  complaint  against  the  mem- 
bers of  the  British  Archaeological  Association  for 
not  having  animadverted    on   Mr.   Hartshorne's 


84 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


[S^d  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


errors,  I,  as  one  of  tlieni,  reply  in  the  -w^ords  of 
the  civil  law,  De  minimis  noii  curat  jjrcetor. 

George  Yeee  Irves'g. 


Bishop  Hake  axd  Dr.  Bextlet  (3"1  S.  x. 
513.) — The  pamphlet  of  Dr.  Ben  tie  j  first  appeared 
in  1813,  under  the  following  title :  "  Remarks 
upon  a  late  Discourse  of  Free-Thinhing :  in  a 
Letter  to  F.  H.  D.D.  hyPhileleutherus  Lipsiensis. 
Lond.  1713."  The  "  Letter,"  which  contains  no 
allusion  to  Dr.  Hare's  "  Difficulties,"  or  any  other 
of  his  writings,  begins  as  follows :  — 

«  Sir, — Your  many  and  great  Cmlities  to  me  since  our 
first  acquaintance  in  the  Low-Coimtries,  and  the  kind 
office  you  then  did  me  iu  conveying  my  Annotations  on 
Menander  to  the  Press,  but  above  all  your  Taciturnity 
and  Secresy,  that  have  kept  the  true  Author  of  that  Book 
undiscover'd  hitherto,  if  not  unguess'd,  have  encourag'd 
me  to  send  j'ou  these  present  Remarks,  to  be  communi- 
cated to  the  Public,  if  you  think  they  deserve  it :  in 
which  I  doubt  not  but  you'l  exhibit  a  new  proof  of  your 
wonted  Friendship  and  Fidelity." 

From  Chalmers's  General  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary, article  "Dr.  Francis  Hare,"  I  take  the 
following  account :  — 

"  Of  Dr.  Bentley  he  was  once  the  warm  admirer,  and 
afterwards  the  equally  warm  opponent.  During  their 
friendship  the  emendations  on  Menander  and  Philemon 
were  transmitted  thi-ough  Hare,  who  was  then  chaplain- 
general  to  the  army,  to  Burman,  in  1710:  and  Bentley's 
liemarks  on  the  Essay  on  Free-Thbiking  were  inscribed  to 
him  in  1713.  As  soon  as  the  first  part  of  these  were 
published.  Hare  formally  thanked  Dr.  Bentley  by  name 
for  them,  in  a  most  flattering  letter  called  '  The  Clergy- 
man's Thanks  to  PhUeleutherus,'  printed  the  same  year  ; 
but,  in  consequence  of  the  rupture  between  them,  not 
inserted  in  the  collection  of  Hare's  works.  This  rupture 
took  place  soon  after  the  above-mentioned  date,  and 
Bentle3'  in  the  subsequent  editions  of  his  '  Remarks  ' 
withdrew  the  inscription." 

'AA.J61/S. 

Dublin. 

Early  Cocknetisji  (3"*  S.  x.  447.) — If  the  use 
of  ?w  for  V,  and  v  for  w,  iu  writing,  is  to  be  called 
Cockneyism,  the  Lowland  Scotch  must  be  con- 
sidered as  the  most  arrant  Cockneys  known. 
Nothing  is  commoner  in  a  Scottish  fifteenth-cen- 
tury MS.,  as  any  one  may  see  by  looking  at  Jamie- 
son's  edition  of  Barbour's  Bruce.  W.  C.  B.  men- 
tions that  ico.r  is  used  for  vox  at  Wivelsfield.  He 
■will  find  it  also  in  line  13  of  my  e^itio-a.  oi  Lancelot 
of  the  Laik  (Early  English  Text  Society).  Within 
the  compass  of  a  very  few  lines,  he  would  find 
there  also  ?r^^o«c=:upon,  ra/%«e=:waken,  %mider=- 
under,  v«c7i^=wight,  /o?y!;s=love's,  &c.  &c. ;  whilst 
r»co?<f/t=uncouth,  occurs  farther  on.  This  proves 
that  V  was  constantly  written  both  for  u  and  w, 
whilst  v;  is  as  constantly  found  in  the  place  of 
both  ti  and  r.  At  the  same  time,  we  find  icalkine 
=walk,  /i?i-i:V=:fever,  and  natur=n3it\iTe,  where 
the  right  letters   are   used.     An  examination  of 


numerous  instances  will  soon  lead  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  these  peculiarities  must  have  been  due 
to  an  unsettled  state,  not  of  pronunciation,  but  of 
orthography :  and  there  is  no  proof  that  iverry  and 
wox  were  pronounced  otherwise  than  very  and  vox. 
But  as  we  imply  by  Cockneyism  a  misuse  of  the 
letters  inproniinciaiion,  we  should  draw  some  dis- 
tinction between  this  term  and  the  curious  spelling 
so  very  common  in  old  MSS. 

Walter  W.  Skeat. 

jMeters's  Letters  (3"^  S.  viii.  107,  405.)  — Li 
Smith's  Classical  Dictionary,  art.  "  Cynageirus," 
it  is  said  — 

"  At  length  we  arrive  at  the  acme  of  the  ludicrous  in 
the  account  of  Justin.  Here  the  hero,  having  succes- 
sively lost  both  his  hands,  hangs  on  by  his  teeth,  and 
even  in  his  mutilated  state  fights  desperately  with  the 
last-mentioned  weapons  '  like  a  mad  wild  boar.'  " 

I  think  Chapelain  carries  exaggeration  farther. 
Cynageirus  merely  bites  and  fights  after  he  has 
lost  his  hands ;  Geoffroy  holds  on  after  he  has  lost 
his  body :  — 

"  Geoflfroy  saisit  le  mur,  d'une  main  triomphant, 
Tout  prfes  a  le  franchir,  si  Jlorton  survenu 
Au  fort  de  son  ardeur  n'eust  son  cours  retenu. 
Morton  leve  le  bras,  et  d'une  lourde  hache 
Du  robuste  poignet  une  main  luy  detache; 
D'une  autre  il  se  raccroche,  et  voit  Morton  soudain, 
Avec  le  mesme  fer,  lui  trancher  I'autre  main  ; 
Les  dents,  tout  luimanquaut,  dans  les  pierres  il  plante, 
Et  perd  la  teste  encore  sous  la  hache  tranchante, 
Le  tronc  en  sang  retourne  au  Fran9ois  indigne, 
Luy,  des  mains  et  des  dents,  garde  le  mur  gaigne." 
La  Pucelle,  ch.  xi.  p.  345,  ed.  1656. 

FiTZHOl'KrNS. 
Garrick  Club. 

The  Xame  of  Howard  (3^i  S.  x.  437.)  —  This 
distinguished  name  has  nothing  to  do  with  Hog- 
toarcl  or  Hayioarcl.  Havard  was  a  common  per- 
sonal name  among  the  Northmen,  and  Mr.  Laing 
considers  it  identical  with  the  English  Howard, 
which  they  may  have  left  in  Northumberland 
and  East  Anglia.  (See  Heiytiskringla,  i.  410.) 
However  this  may  be,  there  is  little  doubt  that  on 
the  settlement  of  Eollo  in  Neustria  some  of  this 
name  were  among  his  followers,  as  the  surname 
Houard  is  well  known  in  Normandy.  L^xrus 
also  overlooks  the  fact  that  Houardus  occui-s  in 
the  Domesday  Survey  (Essex)  as  a  tenant,  though 
nothing  of  his  nation  or  history  seems  to  be  known. 
Mark  An'toitx  Lower. 

Lewes. 

Christopher  Collin's,  the  Coi^stable  of 
Qtjeexsborough  Castle  (3''^  S.  x.  353,  405.)  — 
The  recent  mention  of  this  name  reminds  me  that 
Sharon  Turner,  in  his  History  of  England,  has 
suggested  that  this  personage,  a  supporter  of 
Richard  III.,  may  have  been  identical  with  Chris- 
topher Colon  or  Columbus,  who,  he  supposes,  may 
have  settled  in  England  for  a  time  at  that  period. 


3'<i  S.  XI.  Jax,  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


The  suggestion  seems  a  very  fanciful  one  at  best : 
his  descendants  probably  may  be  able  to  give 
something  more  as  to  Collinses  life  and  actions, 
and  thereby  sho-w  the  impossibility  of  such  a 
coincidence,  Henry  T.  Rilet. 

MOEKES-,  OK  MORTKIN,  ITS  DERIVATION  (S'"'*  S. 

xi.  7.) — There  can  be  little  doubt,  I  should  think, 
that  this  word  is  derived  from  the  Latin  mortici- 
num,  a  classical  epithet  for  an  animal  that  has 
died  of  disease  or  pestilence,  and  whose  flesh  con- 
sequently is  no  better  than  carrion.  The  classical 
word  was  in  considerable  use  among  the  Latin 
writers  of  the  middle  ages  ;  and  it  not  improbably 
obtained  a  footing  in  our  language,  in  a  modified 
form,  through  either  a  Norman  or  a  Walloon 
channel ;  to  the  former  of  which,  in  especial,  we 
are  indebted  for  many  of  our  commercial  terms. 
Henry  T.  Riley. 

Were  these  the  skins  of  lambs  that  died  in  the 
womb  ?  In  days  when  vellum  was  so  much  used 
and  bore  such  a  price,  one  can  imderstand  how 
lamb  skins  submitted  to  a  like  fate  or  process 
might  be  of  great  value,  and  be  used  for  a  hundred 
purposes.  In  a  pastoral  country,  such  as  England 
always  has  been,  these  abortions  are  common.  I 
myself  have  them  every  year,  and  the  wool  upon 
them  is  of  a  peculiar  fineness.  G.  H.  L. 

Marlborottgh's  Generals  (3"^'^  S.  x.  460.)  — 
I  haA'e  been  hoping  to  see  some  answer  to  this 
query.  The  information  required  is  rather  exten- 
sive, and  scarcely  obtainable  now.  I  subjoin  a 
list  of  some  of  the  chief  English  ofiicers  who 
served  in  Germany  and  Flanders  in  those  cam- 
paigns :  — 

The  Duke  of  Marlborough,  Captain- General. 

Generals. — Charles  Churchill  (the  duke's  bro- 
ther), the  Earl  of  Albemarle. 

Lieut.-Generah. — The  Earl  of  Athlone,  Richard 
Ingoldsby,  Lumley  (of  the  cavalry),  Lord  Cutts, 
Earl  of  Orkney,  Mnrray,  J.  Richmond  AVebb  (the 
hero  of  Wynendael),  the  Duke  of  Argyle,  Henry 
Withers  ("the  friend  to  all  mankind").  Wood 
(an  eccentric  individual),  Ross,  Temple  (after- 
wards Lord  Cobham),  Wentworth  (Earl  of  Straf- 
ford), Lauder  Erie. 

Major- Generals. — Wilkes,  St.  Paul,  Hamilton, 
Lord  North  and  Grey,  Earl  of  Stair,  Sampson  de 
Lallo  (a  French  refugee,  killed  at  Malplaquet), 
Sabine. 

Brigadier-Generals. — Archibald  Rowe  (killed 
at  Blenheim),  Ferguson,  Baldwin,  Charles  Earl 
of  Orrery. 

Colonels. — J.  Pocock,  Primrose,  George  Macart- 
ney, James  Dormer,  William  Barrell,^J.  Moyle, 
Lord  John  Hay,  Selwyn,  Philip  Honeywood, 
Evans,  Godfrey  (the  duke's  nephew),  Algernon 
Seymour  (Earl  of  Hertford),  Thomas  Meredith, 
Viscount  Mordaunt,  Holcroft  Blood  (son  of  Col. 


Blood  who  stole  the  crown),  Douglas,  Earl  of 
Derbv,  Lord  Tullibardine,  Gorsuch  (killed  at 
Gheiit). 

Lieut. -Colonels. — Grove,  Blount,  Philip  Dormer 
(killed  at  Blenheim),  Farrars,  Sir  John  Mathew^ 
Cholmley. 

Staff:  —  Qiiarte7-master-Gen. —  Major-Gen.  W. 
Cadogan. 

Assist,  ditto.— Col.  William  Tatton. 

Aid-de-camps. — Col.  Parker  (who  brought  home 
the  news  of  Blenheim),  Col.  Bringfield  (killed  at 
Ramilhes),  Lieut.-Col.  Pitt,  Lieut.-Col.  R.  Moles- 
worth.  Sebastian. 

Feiedrich  RiJCEEET  (S"^  S.  viii.  109.)— In  The 
Times  of  Feb.  10,  1866,  I  have  found  an  answer 
to  the  query  of  your  correspondent  Aulois  :  — 

"  A  few  days  ago  died  Friedrich  Riiekert,  the  oldest 
and  oue  of  the  greatest  of  the  modern  German  poets.  His 
productions  are  more  distinguished  for  deep  and  contem- 
}  plative  thought  and  warm  delicate  feeling,  than  new  and 
j  bold  ideas.  He  had  withal  such  milimited  mastery  of 
his  language  that  his  translations  from  the  Arabic,  Per- 
sian, Sanscrit,  and  Chinese  have,  perhaps,  rendered  him 
even  more  popular  than  his  original  and  genuine  Ger- 
man verse.  To  those  sufficiently  conversant  with  the 
tongue  to  be  able  to  appreciate  its  wonderful  pliability 
and  the  innumerable  jeux  cTesprits  it  can  be  made  to  pro- 
duce with  almost  Arabian  ease  and  elegant  subtlety,  I 
would  recommend  a  perusal  of  his  translation  of  Al- 
HarirVs  Stories.  Riiekert  had  completed  his  77th  year 
when  he  died,  a  happy  and  contented  man,  at  his  own 
estate  of  Xeusesa,  near  Coburg,  where  he  had  spent  the 
latter  part  of  his  life." 

M.  A.  J.  N. 

Burning  of  the  Jesuits'  Books  (3'''^  S.  xi. 
10.)  — An  article  on  the  burning  of  these  books, 
as  witnessed  by  Bifrons,  to  which  Me.  Wilkins 
desires  a  reference,  will  be  found  at  p.  257  of  the 
first  volume  of  The  Cornhill  Magazine,  by  Mr. 
Herman  Merivale,  and  reprinted  in  his  Historical 
Studies,  p.  186.  R.  B.  S. 

Glasgow. 

If  De.  Wilkins  is,  as  some  of  his  recent  queries 
would  seem  to  indicate,  entering  upon  the  inves- 
tigation of  the  authorship  of  Junius'  Letters,  let 
me  forewarn  him  that  it  is  Bifrons  not  Junius 
who  says  he  was  present  at  the  burning  of  the 
Jesuits'  books ;  and  that  by  many  of  those  who 
have  most  studied  the  question,  the  identity  of 
Bifrons  and  Junius  is  altogether  denied,  as  it  i& 
by  3Ir.  AVade  in  his  edition  (Bohn's)  of  the  Let- 
ters, ii.  175.  Has  Dr.  AVilkins  consulted  the 
several  articles  upon  this  subject  which  are  to  be 
found  in  j^our  Fu-st  and  Second  Series  ?       B.  0, 

Laege  Silver  Medal  (3'-<^  S.  xi.  11.)  —  This 
medal  was  struck  in  commemoration  of  the  Peace 
of  Ryswyck.  Hamilton  Field. 

Clapham  Park. 

Blatchington  (3'*  S.  x.  495.")  —  It  is  in  the 
farmyard  of  West  Blatchington  your  correspon- 
dent J.  P.  has  noticed  the  small  church  or  chapel. 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67. 


There  is  nothing  of  the  kind  at  East  Blatching- 
ton,  near  Seaford,  nearly  the  whole  parish  being 
in  one  farm,  at  present  and  for  some  years  past  in 
the  occupation  of  my  father. 

This  is  the  living  of  St.  Peter's,  to  which  the 
quotation  from  Bacon's  Liber  Regis  refers.  The 
answer  from  Horsfield's  Sussex  must,  I  imagine, 
refer  to  a  small  piece  of  ground  with  remains  of  a 
wall,  and  now  going  by  the  name  of  Sutton 
Churchyard,  Sutton-cum-Seaford  being  to  the 
north-east  of  Blatchington  and  Seaford. 

A.  Downs. 

Eomsey. 

A  Perfect  Cathedeal  (3'*  S.  x.  493.)  — Hav- 
ing studied  Gothic  architecture  twenty-five  years, 
I  think  I  may  venture  to  answer  H.  E.  H.  J.,  and 
to  give  it  as  my  opinion  that  no  one  of  our  cathe- 
drals would  be  benefited  by  features  taken  from 
the  others, — that  a  "  perfect  cathedral  "  could  not 
be  manufactured  in  any  such  hodge-podge  manner. 
English  cathedral  churches,  though  inferior  in 
size  to  those  in  France,  yet  have  this  superiority, 
that  they  are  more  complete  in  themselves.  The 
English  builders  did  not  attempt  more  than  they 
could  well  accomplish,  consequently  you  do  not 
find  their  works  lacking  an  important  feature,  or 
otherwise  left  in  an  incomplete  state,  as  is  the 
case  with  so  many  foreign  cathedrals. 

P.  E.  M. 

RpuKDELS :  Verses  on-  Fruit  Trenchers  (S""* 
S.  xi.  18.)  —  I  have  read  with  great  pleasure  Mr. 
Harlowe's  interesting  communication.  My  as- 
sertion that  the  set  of  trenchers  in  question  be- 
longed to  Queen  Elizabeth  was  not  "conjectural," 
as  it  was  so  stated  on  the  label  placed  by  them 
in  the  Bodleian.  They  were  there  stated  to  be 
^ruit  trenchers,  though  I  must  confess  I  thought 
it  very  strange  that  they  should  be  so,  being,  as 
Mr.  Harlowe  says,  "  very  thin  and  flat." 

John  Piggot,  Jtjn. 

Massy-Tincture  (3"1  S.  x.  494.)  —  Is  it  not 
most  likely  that  the  "Massy-Tincture  prints" 
meant  mezzotinto  engravings  ?  It  is  apparently  a 
device  of  the  John  Playford  alluded  to  by  Mr. 
Blades,  to  give  an  English  rendering  to  an  un- 
known word.  1687  is  the  date  of  the  book.  1682 
Prince  Rupert,  the  inventor  of  mezzotint,  died. 
So  it  was  quite  a  new  and  strange  thing  then. 
The  process  is  effected  by  scraping  in  the  lights 
upon  the  mass  of  shading :  so  that  mass-tint  was 
no  bad  hit  of  Playford's.  C.  A.  W. 

May  Fair. 

Sense  of  Pre-existence  (2"'^  S.  ii.  329.)  — 
The  subject  of  the  spiritual  consciousness  inti- 
mated in  the  query  referred  to,  and  discussed  in 
several  articles  in  that  volume,  and  in  vols,  iii., 
iv.,  v.,  vii.,  and  xi.,  has  not  been  exhausted.  My 
idea  is,  that  it  is  one  of  the  phenomena  of  dream- 


life,  distinct  from,  yet  analogous  to,  the  faculty  of 
memory  in  our  waking  hours.  One  falls  asleep, 
or  into  that  dreamy  abstraction  from  the  external 
world  akin  thereto ;  and  then  scenes  and  circum- 
stances, which  had  been  fiishioned  by  the  imagin- 
ation in  a  previous  similar  condition,  are  again 
vividly  represented  to  the  soul  as  having  occurred 
before.  Take  an  illustration: — Many  years  ago 
I  dreamed  of  reclining  alone  on  a  terraced  slope, 
at  the  end  of  a  long  and  level  peninsula.  Behind 
were  a  few  graceful  palms,  while  before  stretched 
an  ocean,  calm  and  intensely  blue ;  and  the  cloud- 
less sky  above,  though  without  sun,  or  moon,  or 
stars,  was  pervaded  with  a  soft  emerald  light. 
Twice  afterwards,  months  apart,  I  dreamed  the 
same  dream.  The  impression  was  strong  as  wak- 
ing vision,  and  the  loveliness  of  the  scene  en- 
hanced by  remembrance  of  my  former  visit.  Here 
the  waking  state  may  be  considered  intermittent — 
a  parenthesis  as  it  were ;  and  the  recurrence  of 
the  picture  to  the  consciousness,  lapped  in  sleep, 
became  the  continuing  link  of  the  dream-life  :  — 
"  Our  life  is  twofold,  sleep  hath  its  own  world." 

Let  any  person  who  fancies  he  has  experienced 
this  mysterious  "sense  of  pre-existence,"  ponder 
well,  whether  he  has- not  been  on  the  occasion  in 
a  brown  study,  or  momentarily  asleep.  J.  L. 

Dublin, 

Christian  Ale  (3"*  S.  x.  28.)  may  be  the  same  as 
the  Church  Ale  mentioned  in  the  following  entries 
from  the  Walberswick  churchwardens'  account 
book,  printed  in  Gardner's  Historical  Account  of 
Dumvich,  1754,  p.  149 :  — 

"  Receipts.  s.    d. 

"  1453.  Sexto  Die  Maii  at  a  Cherche  Ale  .        .     13    4 
Item  de  luio  Cherche  Ale,  in  Festo  om- 
nium Sanctorum        .        .        ,        .     16     0 

"  Disbursements, 
"  1451.  Apud  Southwalde  at  a  Chirche  Ale       .      0    8" 

The  Christian  ale  and  Church  ale  were  pro- 
bably other  names  for  Whitsun  ale,  when  the 
parishioners  met  in  a  hall  or  barn,  and  amused 
themselves  with  dancing;  minstrels  and  morris 
dancers  added  to  the  amusements.  Refreshments 
were  supplied  at  the  expense  of  the  parish,  and 
a  collection  for  the  church  appears  to  have  been 
made. 

In  Coates'  History  of  Beading,  an  extract  is 
given  from  the  churchwardens'  accounts  of  St. 
Mary's  in  that  town.  Among  others  is  this 
entry :  — 

"  1557.  Item,  payed  to  the  morrys  daunsers  and  the 
mynstrelles  mete  and  drink  at  Whytsontide,  iii'  iiii''." 

John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Scot,  a  Local  Prefix  (3"»  S.  xi.  12.)  — The 
prefix  Scot,  whatever  be  its  significance,  or  how- 
soever derived,  appears  to  have  been  imported  into 
this  island  by  the  Northmen,     Your  correspon- 


3'd  S,  XI.  Jan.  26,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


8; 


dent  A.  0.  V.  P.  gives  the  names  of  certain  places 
in  England  in  which  this  is  found.  To  these 
might  be  added,  Scotsthorp,  Scotland,  and  Scaw- 
ton,  in  Yorkshire ;  as  also,  within  the  northern 
division  of  the  United  Kingdom,  Scotstarvet,  Scat- 
raw,  Scatterly,  Scatwell,  Scotland- Wells,  Scots- 
turn,  Scots  Mill,  Scotstown,  Scottack,  Scottas, 
and  others — all  which  plainly  own  a  common 
origin. 

Mr.  Taylor,  with  referen£e  to  the  name  of  Scot- 
land's separate  monarchy,  repeats  the  common 
absurdity :  how  that  a  tribe  of  Irish,  which,  to  use 
his  own  words,  "  actually  colonised  only  a  portion 
of  Argyll,  has  succeeded  in  bestowing  its  name 
on  the  whole  countiy  " — a  statement  which  there 
are  good  grounds  for  believing  to  be  entirely  fabu- 
lous. From  a  document  of  the  twelfth  century, 
referred  to  in  the  Proceedinc/s  of  the  Scotch  Anti- 
quaries (vol.  V.  part  n.  p.  339),  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  term  Scot  was  employed  to  denote,  not  a 
Gael,  but  a  loivlandman.  It  seems  scarcely  reason- 
able to  doubt  that  the  people  of  the  Scotch  Low- 
lands, since  the  period  of  which  we  possess  any 
authentic  memorial,  have  been,  and  are  essentially 
Gothic ;  augmented,  doubtless,  with  more  recent 
settlements  of  Danes,  Swedes,  Norwegians,  Flem- 
ings, and  Saxons. 

I  am  disposed  to  believe  that  the  prefix  Scot, 
and  the  name  Scotl&nA.,  are  derived  either  medi- 
ately or  immediately  from  the  old  Gothic  word 
Skalt-a,  signifying  tax  or  tribute  ("  tributum  pen- 
dere — tributum  exigere ''). 

It  is  a  singular  fact,  that  the  older  inhabitants 
of  Aberdeenshire  invariably  pronounce  this  name 
"  <SZ;a^dand";  something,  perhaps,  between  this 
and  Skiitt\?iU(\..  The  final  syllable,  in  two  of  the 
examples  cited  by  A.  0.  V.  P.,  viz.  Scotiy  and 
Scottles^/jw7ye,  is  distinctively  Scandinavian,  I  do 
not  acquiesce  in  the  hypothesis  of  hybrid  combina- 
tions. 

Scot,  as  a  prefix  fScotholm),  occurs  as  the  name 
of  one  of  the  smaller  islands  of  Shetland,  and  is 
found  in  the  parent  countries  of  Sweden  and 
Norway. 

I  lately  met  with  the  name  Sladt,  in  the  form 
of  a  surname,  on  some  old  tombstones  situated 
within  the  churchyards  on  the  Sussex  coast,  and 
in  proximity  to  places  bearing  names  evidently 
imprinted  by  the  Northmen.  J.  C.  E. 

New  Inn,  London. 

"  Les  Anglois  s'ajiusaient  teisteme^^t  "  (S'"* 
S.  xi.  44.)  —  In  obedience  to  Me.  Wilkinson's 
hint  as  to  "  Les  Anglois  s'amusaient  tristement," 
&c.,  I  have  looked  through  the  chapters  of  Comines 
descriptive  of  the  festivities  at  Amiens,  but  I  can- 
not find  this  much-vexed  quotation.  I  have  also 
searched  in  Froissart,  Monstrelet,  and  Sully,  with 
equal  success.  The  author  therefore  seems  to  be, 
as  Lord  Byron  says  of  the  writer  of /««ms'  Letters, 


"really,  truly,  nobody  at  all."    I  fear  Jatdee 
must  give  it  up  as  hopeless. 

Jonathan  BorcHiER. 
I  am  greatly  obliged  to  Mr.  Wilkinson  for  his 
suggestion,  although  it  has  not  led  to  a  satisfac- 
tory result.  I  have  read  the  chapter  in  which 
Philippe  de  Comines  describes  the  feast  given  at 
Amiens  to  the  English  by  the  King  of  France, 
and  no  such  passage  as  the  one  I  am  in  search  of 
occurs  there :  nor,  after  a  pretty  careful  explora- 
tion of  the  rest  of  the  Memoirs,  have  I  met  with 
anything  resembling  it.  The  edition  I  have  con- 
sulted is,  I  believe,  the  best  one — Memoircs  de 
Philippe  de  Commynes,  8,-c.,  3  tomes  8vo,  Paris, 
1840  (tome  i.  p.  362).  The  English  translation, 
published  by  Bohn  in  2  vols.,  1855,  I  have  also 
looked  through  in  vain.  Will  our  French  friends, 
as  Isome  time  ago  suggested  (3''<^  S.  x.  147),  aid 
me  in  the  search  after  this  quotation  ?  For  the 
present  I  call  it  so,  although  I  am  more  and  more 
inclined  to  believe,  as  I  formerly  stated,  that  the 
supposed  "quotation,"  which  does  such  good  ser- 
vice to  all  deriders  of  the  English,  is  a  piece  of 
modern  antique,  and  not  to  be  found  in  any  old 
French  chronicles  at  all.  I  have  formerh'"  dis- 
posed of  Froissart  and  Sully,  and  now  Philippe  de 
Comines  is  put  aside.  Can  any  one  start  me  on 
a  fresh  scent  ?  Jatdee. 

"  Ride  a  Cock-hoese  "  (2,^^  S.  xi,  36.)  —  See 
Archceology  of  our  ....  Nursery  Rhymes,  bv  J.  B. 
Ker,  Esq.  (vol.  i.  p.  274),  London,  1837";  and 
Suijplemcnt  to  .  .  .  Archceology,  8,-c.,  bv  the  same 
author  (p.  290),  Andover,  1840. 

Joseph  Rix,  M.D. 

St.  Neots, 

Penal  Laavs  against  Roman  Catholics  (S'"'* 
S.  X.  356,  440,  518.)— On  one  section  of  this  sub- 
ject, your  correspondent  will  do  well  to  consult 
A  History  of  the  Penal  Laws  against  the  Irish 
Catholics  from  1689  to  the  Union,  by  Sir  Henry 
Parnell,  M.P.  This  was  published' during  the 
CatholicEmancipation  agitation,  and  went  through 
several  editions.  It  gives  an  exhaustive  account 
of  the  various  enactments  against  the  Irish  Ca- 
tholics, and  pleads  for  their  removal  in  a  manly 
earnest  spirit :  — 

"  The  constitution,"  savs  Sir  Henrv,  "  rests  upon  the 
foundation  of  every  subject  of  the  King  having  an  interest 
in  protecting  it ;  in  everj-  subject  being  in  possession  of 
full  security  for  his  person  and  his  property-,  and  his 
liberty  against  all  invasions,  whether  of  aibitravy  power 
or  popular  outrage.  This  principle  of  universal  admis- 
sion into  the  rights  of  the  constitution,  makes  the  prin- 
ciple of  its  preservation  universal ;  and  every  exception 
of  it,  in  place  of  securing  a  safeguard,  creates  a  real 
danger." 

Wji.  E.  a.  Axon. 

Strangewaj-s. 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[S-^d  S.  XI.  jA2f.  26, 


^tjJcclIanrouS. 

NOTES  OX  BOOKS.  ETC. 
Some   Account   of  the  Life   and   Opinions   of   a    Fifth- 

3Ionarchy-3Ia7i,  chiefly  extracted  from  the   Writings  of 

John  Rogers,  Preacher.    By  the  Rev.  Edward  Eogers, 

M.A.     (Longman  &  Co.) 

The  turbulent  theological  hero  who  is  the  subject  of 
the  present  volume  Avas  one  of  the  family  of  presumed 
descendants  from  the  proto-martyr  in  the  days  of  Queen 
Maiy,  His  principal  works  are  essentially  autobio- 
graphical. Their  interest  lies  in  their  explaining  the 
principles  of  the  dangerous  fanatics  amongst  whom  he 
was  a  leader  ;  in  their  relating  -srith  great  minuteness 
the  incidents  of  his  persecutions,  and  especially  in  their 
giving  an  account  of  an  extraordinary  interview  which 
he  had  with  Oliver  Cromwell  whilst  he  was  Protector. 
The  author  of  the  present  volume  has  skilfully  seized 
upon  this  autobiographical  peculiarity,  and  in  a  pleasant 
manner,  and  with  a  sufficient  amount  of  explanatory 
connexion,  has  strung  together  such  extracts  as  present 
Tis  -with  a  complete  picture  of  a  Fifth-JIonarchy-man 
painted  bj'  himself.  The  book  is  a  valuable  addition  to 
our  materials  for  the  histoiy  of  the  Cromwellian  period, 
and  is  rendered  peculiarly  so  by_the  careful  way  in  which 
the  author  has  illustrated  his  materials  from  the  best 
authorities  upon  the  subject.  Of  course,  like  all  auto- 
biographies, the  narratives  of  John  Rogers  must  be  read 
with  sufficient  allowance  for  the  tendency  which  exists 
in  all  such  narrators  to  represent  themselves  as  heroes,  or 
martyrs,  and  their  opponents  as  entirely  inexcusable. 
Songs  of  Innocence  and  Experience,  with  other  Poems.   By 

W.  Blake.     (Pickering.) 

The  admirers  of  William  Blake  as  a  poet,  and  they  are 
a  rapidly  increasing  number,  owe  much  to  Mr.  Pickering 
for  this  reprint  of  Blake's 

" happy  songs 

Every  child  may  joy  to  hear," 
In  their  integritv,  the  recent  republications  of  them  in 
1839  and  1863  having  been  improved  by  their  respective 
editors.  In  addition  to  a  verbatim  rep'rint  of  the  Songs 
of  Innocence  and  Experience,  i\iQ  present  handsome  little 
volume  contains  the  Miscellaneous  Poems  reprinted  from 
Blake's  own  MS.  in  the  possession  of  the  publisher. 

Critical  Notes  on  the  Authorised  English  Version  of  the 
New  Testament.  Second  Edition.  By  Samuel  Sharpe. 
(J.  RusseU  Smith.) 

This  little  volume  is  intended  as  a  companion  to  the 
author's  translation  of  the  New  Testament;  and  ^the 
writer's  design  in  it  is  to  show  the  desirability  of  a  Xew 
Version,  by  reason  of  the  improved  Text  which  we  now 
possess,  the  incorrect  scholarship  of  the  Jacobean  transla- 
tors, and  the  changes  which  since  their  time  have  taken 
place  in  the  English  language.  His  arguments  cannot 
be  gainsaid  ;  his  criticism  is  trenchant,  and  his  altera- 
tions are  often  improvements.  But  not  unfi-equently  also 
he  betrays  the  doctrinal  bias  which  leads  him  to  favour  a 
new  rendering,  and  rejoices  to  display  his  contempt  for 
authority  or  old-fashioned  orthodoxy.  He  thus  exhibits 
the  difficulty,  as  well  as  proves  the  desirability,  of  a  fresh 
Authorised  Translation. 

Mr.  Thomas  Purnell's  new  work.  Literature  and  its  Pro- 
fessors, is  announced  to  appear  next  week. 

Deaths  of  Dr.  Fisher  axd  Mr.  D'Altox.  —  It  is 
with  great  regret  that  we  announce  the  death  on  the  17th 
instant,  at  his  house,  5,  Appian  Way,  Lesson  Street, 
Dublin,  of  Thomas  Fisher,  Esq.,  M.D.,  Deputy  Libra- 
rian of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  aged  sixty-sL^  years. 


De.  Fisher  was  a  frequent  and  valuable  contributor  to 

our    columns    under  the  signature   of  '.Wievs Joiiir 

D'Altox,  Esq.,  Barrister-at-Law,  whose  name  and  con- 
tributions are  familiar  to  our  readers,  and  who  was 
widely  known  by  his  curious  editions  of  James  the  Se- 
cond's Irish  Army  Lists,  and  his  extraordinary  Gene- 
alogical Collections,  died  also,  we  regret  to  say,  on  the 
20th  instant,  at  his  residence,  48,  Summer  Hill,  Dublin, 
aged  seventy-four. 


BOOKS    ANI>  ODD    VOLUMES 
WA:ifTEI)   TO   PTJECHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  foUowini  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whoae  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 
Lady  Ann   Hamilton's    Secret  Hjstobt  of  the  Codkt  op  Englaxd. 

2  Vols.  8vo,  1832. 


Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns.  Lsq..V).  St.  George's  Square, 

Asia.   B70,  3  Vols.    Iiondon, 


Belsrave  Road 


Stevens'    Translatio.v   op    Pobtboi 
1695. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  i/biceZZ,  Bookseller,  Starcross,  near  Exeter. 


Marco  Polo's  Tratkls.    4to,  boards,  by  Marsden. 
Chesterfield's  Letters,  by  Mahon.    Vol.1.    1845. 
Neal's  New  England.     2  Vols.  8vo. 
Mill's  India.     Vol.  II.    1848. 

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Sbiblbt's  Plays.    6  Vols.    Large  paper. 

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Wanted  by  Mr.  J.  H.  W.  Cadby,  74,  New  Street,  Birmingham. 


We  are  comxielUd  to  postpone  until  next  week  Mr.  Hart's  Junius 
paper, "  Q.  in  the  Corner; "  Chafin's  Cranborne  Chase,  and  many  other 
papers  of  interest. 

E.  A.  B.  The  passages  in  Shelley  to  which  Tennyson  is  supposed  to 
refer  are  Queen  Mab,s«6  finem;  Revolt  of  Islam,  canto  xli.  stanza  17; 
and  Adonais,  stanzas  33, 41,  &c. 

D.  illan  Cunningham's  "  Twelve  Tales  of  Lyddalcross  "  appeared 
in  The  London  Magazine  o/1822,  vols.  v.  and  vi. 

loNORAMHs  (Kendal).  Robert  Browning's  poem  is  notfoundedon  any 
historic  event.    See  "  N.  &  Q."  Srd  S.  i.  136. 

L  H  S.  Mackarony  Fables,  1768,  are  the  production  of  John  Hall 
Stei-elison,  the  Eugenius  of  Sterne.and.  the  author  0/ Crazy  Tales. 

Louisa  Julia  Norman.  For  the  translations  of  Montesquieu  consult 
Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannica,  and  Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual. 

»»*  Cases  for  binding  the  volumes  of  "  N.  &  Q."  may  be  had  of  the 
Publisher,  and  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen. 

A  Reading  Case  for  holding  the  weekly  Nos.  of  "N.  &  Q."  is  now 
ready,  and  maybe  had  of  aU  Booksellers  and  Newsmen,  price  Is.  6d.; 
or,  free  by  post,  direct  from  the  publisher,  for  Is.  8d. 

"  Notes  and  Qdebies  "  is  published  at  nnon  on  Friday,  and  is  also 
issued  in  Monthly  Parts.  The  Subscription  for  Stamped  Copies /or 
six  Months  forwarded  direct  from  the  Publisher  {including  the  Half- 
uearlu  Index)  is  Us.  id.,  which  may  be  paid  by  Post  Office  Order, 
vaiiable  at  the  Strand  Post  Office,  in  favour  of  "/Vo.j.jam  G.  Smith,  32, 
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FOB  THE  Editob  should  be  addressed. 

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Amanuensis  ob  Undeb-Librarian.-A  Gentleman,  with  some  know- 
lede'e  of  English  literature,  and  an  elementary  acquaintance  withthe 
French,  Italian,  and  German  languages,  wishes  to  hear  of  an  appoint- 
ment of  the  above  nature.  Is  an  expert  cataloguer,  and  can  correct  tor 
the  press.— Address  X,  3.  Somerset  Villas,  Jasmine  Grove,  Penge,  S.E. 

Three  Hundred  and  Fifty-seven  Persons  died  of  diseases  of  the  throat 
and  lunt's  in  London  alone  last  we'k.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say 
(humanly  speaking)  that  one-half  might  have  been  spared,  and  aU 
relieved,  by  the  timely  use  of  Da.  Lococe's  Pulmonic  Wafers,  whicU 
stop  a  cough  in  a  few  minutes,  as  we  can  testify  from  oiir  own  experi- 
ence; while  their  taste  is  so  agreeable  that  children  take  theni  with 
avidity.  No  praise  is  too  great  for  this  truly  wonderful  remedy  lor  aU 
disorders  of  the  chest  and  limgs. 


NOTES  AND  aUEHIES: 

^  gebutm  0f  Intertflninunutatmn 

FOR 

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3fd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


LOXDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY 


CONTENTS.— N"  266. 

NOTES-  —  Hamiah  Liglitfoot,  89  — Human  Sacrifices  in 
Orissa,  92  —  Dr.  Thomas  Fisher,  iZ..— Nothing  New  under 
the  Sun  — Sir  Simon  Archer  —  Derivation  of  the  Word 
Church  —  Archbishop  Juxon  —  Tollesbury  Church,  Essex 

—  Vowel  Changes,  a,  aw—  Fronde's  "History  of  Eng- 
land "  —  Assumed  Literary  Names  of  American  Authors, 
93. 

QUERIES:  — Abb6  —  American  Poets  —  Calico  Cloth  — 
Cawthorne  P.,ecusauts  —  Albert  Durer's  "  Knight,  Death, 
and  the  Devil  "  —  Queen  Elizabeth  and  the  Earl  of  Essex 

—  The  Epistles  of  the  Apostolic  Fathers  —  "  Hamble- 
tonian"and  "  Diamond  "  — Historical  Pictures  at  Den- 
ham  Court  —  Macaronic  Description  of  a  Friar  —  Menmath 

—  Moomvort  —  Occurrences  in  Edinburgh,  1688  —  Song  — 
Roll  of  i^hysicians  — Table-turning— Torches  — Old  Va- 
lentin —  Whey,  95. 

QUEEIE3WITH  ANSWERS :  —The  Wooden  Horse  —  Murillo  's 
Painting  —  Evans's  "  Geography  "  —  A  Query  for  Celts  — 
Apostle :  Revolutionists  of  Holland  —  Skinner  Family  — 
Anecdote  respecting  the  Authorised  Version  of  the  Bible 

—  Bibliotheca  Piscatoria,  97. 

REPLIES  :  —  Philology  (Poetum),  99  —  Randolph,  100  —  Ju- 
nius :  Q.  in  the  Corner,  /6.— Pifferari,  102— Blood  is  Thicker 
than  Water,  103  —  "Anecdotes  of  Cranbourne  Chase,"  &c., 
lOi  —  Ealing  Great  School  —  Walton  and  Cotton's  "  Com- 
pleat  Angler"  — Von  Ewald— Extraordinary  Assemblies 
of  Birds  —  Shellev's  "  Adonais  "—Passages  in  Camoens 
and  Spenser —  " Deaf  as  a  Beetle"  — Lord-Lieutenants' 
Chaplains  —  Christmas-Box  —  Buttermilk  —  Pews— Horns 
in  German  Heraldry,  &c.,  105. 

Notes  on  Books.  &c. 


HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT. 

When  looking  into  that  barefaced  and  impudent 
fiction,  the  pretended  marriage  of  Dr.  Wilmot  to 
the  Princess  Poniatowski,  to  which  I  called  the 
attention  of  the  readers  of  "■  N.  &  Q."  in  July  last 
(3"'  S.  X.),  I  found  the  name  of  Hannah  Light- 
foot  so  mixed  up  with  the  affair  that  I  could 
scarcely  resist  the  conviction  that  the  Fair  Quaker  * 
•was  as  mythical  a  personage  as  the  Polish  Prin- 
cess. 

The  publication  of  Mr.  Jesse's  amusing  Memoirs 
of  the  Life  and  Eei/jn  of  George  III.  has  brought 
before  tlie  public  once  more  the  alleged  connection 
and  marriage  between  George  III.  and  Hannah 
Lightfoot. 

Mr.  Jesse,  however^  gives  to  some  of  the  au- 
thorities which  he  uses  an  amount  of  weight  and 
credit  which  a  little  consideration  will  show  they 
by  no  means  deserve.  I  propose,  therefore,  to 
point  out  upon  what  a  mass  of  contradictory  state- 
ments the  scandal  is  founded,  in  the  firm  convic- 
tion that  if  my  readers  do  not  go  the  length  of 
rejecting  the  story  altogether,  they  will  pause 
before  they  even  believe  that  George  HI.  intrigued 
with  Hannah  Lightfoot ;  and  will  feel  thoroughly 
convinced  that  there  is  not  a  shadow  of  truth  in 


■*  "  Fair  Quaker,"  not  Quakeress,  was  the  name  by 
which  the  young  lady  was  generally  designated. 


this  alleged  marriage,  in  which  Mr.  Jesse  seems 
disposed  to  believe. 

The  first  thing  that  strikes  one  as  remarkable 
with  regard  to  this  piece  of  scandal  is  that  no 
allusion  to  it  will  be  found  in  any  historical, 
political,  or  satirical  werk  published  during  the 
lifetime  of  George  HI.  Walpole,  whose  industry 
in  collecting  gossip  equalled  the  delight  with  which 
he  disseminated  it,  has  no  allusion  to  a  story 
which  he  never  could  have  known  and  kept  secret; 
but,  on  the  contrary,  speaks  of  Prince  George 
at  the  very  time  when  this  liaison  must  have 
existed,  if  it  ever  did  exist,  as  "  bigoted,  young, 
and  chaste.'"  But  from  the  year  after  that  in 
which  George  III.  died,  the  story  has  been  con- 
tinually reappearing  in  one  or  other  of  the  many 
varied  forms  which  it  has  assumed. 

The  subject  is  probably  of  sufficient  interest  to 
justify  my  reprinting  such  notices  on  the  subject 
as  have  not  already  appeared  in  the  columns  of 
"N.  &  Q."  In  the  first,  from  The  Monthkj  Maga- 
zine for  April,  1821,  it  will  be  observed  the  lady 
is  spoken  of  as  a  Miss  Wheeler. 


"  All  the  Avorld  is  acquainted  with  the  attachment  of 
the  late  King  to  a  beautiful  Quakeress  of  the  name  of 
Wheeler.  The  lady  disappeared  on  the  royal  marriage 
in  a  way  that  has  always  been  interesting  because  unex- 
plained and  mysterious.  I  have  been  told  she  is  still 
alive,  or  was  lately.  As  connected  with  the  life  of  the 
late  sovereign,  the  subject  is  curious  ;  and  any  informa- 
tion through  your  pages  would  doubtless  be  agreeable^ to 
many  of  your  readers.  B." 

Monthly  Mag.  April  1,  1821,  vol.  li.  p.  523, 

In  tlie  reply  which  this  inquiry  brought  forth 
in  the  July  number  of  the  magazine,  the  lady  be- 
comes a  Miss  Lightfoot ;  and  the  story  is  set  forth 
with  some  incidents  which  I  here  content  myself 
with  printing  in  italics :  — 

B. 

"  Reminiscentia  of  remarkable  Characters  of  the  last  Age  : 
Haxxah  Lightfoot 
(The  Fair  Quaker). 
[In  consequence  of  the  enquiry  relative  to  this  cele- 
brated lady,  in  a  late  number,  we  have  been  favoured 
with  the  following  letter  from  a  respectable  gentleman 
at  Warminster,  and  we  are  promised  further  information. 
On  enquiring  of  the  Axford  family,  who  still  are  respect- 
able grocers  on  Ludgate  Hill,  we  traced  a  son  of  the 
person  alluded  to  in  the  letter,  by  his  second  wife,  Miss 
Bartlett,  and  ascertained  that  the  information  of  our 
correspondent  is  substantially  correct.  From  him  we 
learn  that  the  ladv  lived  six  iveeks  with  her  husband,  who 
was  fondly  attached  to  her,  but  one  evening  when  he 
happened  to  be  from  home,  a  coach  and  four  came  to  the 
door,  when  she  was  conveyed  into  it  and  carried  off  at  a 
gallop,  no  one  knew  whither.  It  appears  the  husband 
was  inconsolable  at  first,  and  at  different  times  applied 
for  information  about  his  wife  at  Weymouth  and  other 
places,  but  died  after  sixtv  years  in  total  ignorance  of  her 
fate.  It  has,  however,  been  reported  that  she  had  three 
sons  by  her  lover,  since  high  in  the  army  ;  that  she  was 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67. 


buried  at  Islington  under  another  name,  and  even  that  she 
is  still  alive.'] 

"  Your  correspondent  enquires  (in  your  magazine  for 
April)  for  some  account  of  the  Fair  Quaker  who  once 
engaged  the  affections  of  Prince  George.  Her  name  was 
not  Wheeler,  but  Haxxah  Lightfoot.  She  lived  with 
her  father  and  mother  at  the^omer  of  St.  James'  Market, 
who  kept  a  shop  there  (I  believe  a  linendraper's).  The 
Prince  had  often  noticed  her  in  his  v,'ay  from  Leicester 
House  to  St.  James',  and  was  struck  with  her  person. 
Miss  Chudleigh,  late  Duchess  of  Kingston,  became  his 
agent. 

"  The  royal  lover's  relations  took  alarm,  and  sent  to 
inquire  out  a  young  man  to  marry  her.  Isaac  Axford 
was  shopman  to  Barton  the  grocer 'ore  Liidgate  Hill,  and 
used  to  chat  -with  her  when  she  came  to  the  shop  to  buy 
groceries. 

"  Perryn  of  Knightsbridge,  it  was  said,  furnished  a 
place  of  meeting  for  the  royal  lover.  Au  agent  of  Miss 
Chudleigh  called  on  Axford,  and  proposed  that  on  his 
marry-ing  Hannah  he  should  have  a  considerable  sum  of 
money. 

"  Hannah  staid  a  short  time  with  her  husband,  when 
she  was  taken  off  in  a  carriage,  and  Isaac  never  saw  her 
more.  Axford  learnt  that  she  was  gone  with  Miss  Chud- 
leigh. Isaac  was  a  poor-hearted  fellow,  or,  by  making  a 
bustle  about  it,  he  might  perhaps  have  seciu-ed  to  himself 
a  good  provision.  He  told  me  when  I  last  saw  him,  that 
he  presented  a  petition  at  St.  James',  which  was  not  at- 
tended to  ;  also  that  he  had  received  some  money  from 
PerrATi's  assignees  on  account  of  his  wife. 

"  Isaac  lived  many  years  as  a  respectable  grocer  at 
Warminster,  his  native' place,  but  retired  from  business 
before  his  death,  which  took  place  about  five  vears  ago, 
in  the  86th  year  of  his  age. 

"  Many  years  after  Hannah  was  taken  awaj',  her  hus- 
band, believing  her  dead,  married  again  to  a  Miss  Bart- 
lett  of  Keevel  (X.  Wilts),  and  by  her  succeeded  to  an 
estate  at  Chevrett  of  about  150?.  a-year.  On  the  report 
reviving,  a  few  years  since,  of  his  first  wife's  being  still 
living,  a  Mr.  Bartlett  (first  cousin  to  Isaac's  second  wife) 
claimed  the  estate  on  the  plea  of  the  invalidity  of  this 
second  marriage. 

"  It  was  said  that  the  late  Marquis  of  Bath,  a  little 
before  his  death,  reported  that  she  was  then  living,  and 
the  same  has  been  asserted  by  other  gentlemen  of  this 
neighbourhood. 

"  Hannah  was  fair  and  pure,  as  far  as  ever  I  heard ;  but 
report  says  '  not  the  purest  of  all  pures '  in  respect  to  the 


house  of  Mr.  Perrj^n,  who  left  her  an  annuit}-  of  40/. 
a-year.  She  was  mdeed  considered  as  one  of  the  beauti- 
ful women  of  her  time,  and  rather  disposed  to  embon- 

Point.  WAR3IIXSTEKIENSIS. 

"  Warminster,  30  April,  1821." 

Monthly  Mag.  Juh-,  1821,  vol.  li.  p.  532. 
This  statement  did  not  appear  satisfactorj-  at 
least  to  one  reader  of  the  magazine,  and  accord- 
ingly Waemixsteriensis  was  in^-ited  to  explain 
the  following  contradictions  in  his  statement ;  but 
no  such  explanation  appears  to  have  been  offered  : — 
c. 

"  You  and  your  readers,  I  feel  no  doubt,  are  particu- 
larly obliged  by  the  communication  of  your  intelligent 
correspondent  Warminsteriensis,  but  as  he  has  not  been 
suflSciently  explicit  upon  some  points,  I  hope  for  mv 
curiositj'  he  will  answer  the  following  questions  :  — 

"1.  Can  your  correspondent  assign  anj-  reason  for  the 
Fair  Quaker  being  sometimes  called  Wheeler  and  some- 
times Zi^rA  (/oof? 


"  2.  What  was  the  motive  that  induced  Miss  Chud- 
leigh to  offer  '  a  considerable  sum  of  money '  to  Isaac 
Axford  to  marry  Hannah  Lightfoot  ? 

"  3.  When  and  where  did  the  marriage  take  place  of 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  a  Quaker,  to  I.  Axford,  and  where  is 
the  evidence  that  she  was  the  same  Quaker  who  lived  at  the 
corner  of  St.  James'  Market,  and  M-as  admired  b}-  Prince 
George  ? 

"  4.  Where  was  she  carried  off  from  in  the  coach  and 
four  ? 

"  5.  Where  and  at  what  time  was  the  law-suit  ? 

"  6.  Did  Mr.  Bartlett  succeed  in  his  suit,  and  if  not, 
ichy  ? 

"  7.  Is  Mr.  Bartlett  living,  and  where  ? 

"  Brextfordiensis. 

"  Brentford,  12  July,  1821." 

Monthly  Mag.  Sept.  1821,  vol.  lii.  p.  109. 

But  in  the  same  number  of  the  magazine  we 
have  the  following  additional  statement :  — 

*»*  Another  correspondent  writes  to  the  fullcwing 
effect:  — 

I>. 

"  Isaac  Axford  never  cohabited  with  her.  She  was 
taken  away  from  the  church  door  the  same  day  they  were 
married,  and  he  never  heard  of  her  afterwards". 

"  MissChudleigh  (the  late  Duchess  of  Kingston)  was  the 
agent  employed  to  get  Isaac  to  marr\^  her,  with  a  promise 
of  a  small  sum  of  money.  Isaac  was  then  a  shopman  to 
Bolton  the  grocer  on  Ludgate  HiU,  and  she  lived  with 
her  father  and  mother  at  the  corner  of  St.  James'  Market, 
and  the  King  frequently  saw  her  at  the  shop  door  as  he 
drove  by  in  going  to  and  from  Parliament,  &c. 

"  A  Mr.  Perryn  of  Knightsbridge  was  a  relation  of  hers, 
and  at  his  deatli  left  her  fortv  pounds  a-year,  which  Isaac 
had. 

"  Axford  presented  a  petition  to  the  King  himself  about 
her  in  the  Park  on  his  knees,  as  directed,  but  obtained  but 
little  redress." 

The  next  account  from  The  Monthly  Magazine 
for  October  deserves  especial  attention,  not  only 
because  it  gives  a  precise  date  and  a  precise 
locality  for  her  marriage,  but  from  its  peculiarity 
of  style,  which  smacks  of  the  florid,  if  not  elegant^ 
St  vie  of  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres :  — 


"  Further  Particidars  of  Hannah  Lightfoot,  the 
Fair  Quaker. 

"  Hannah  Lightfoot,  when  residing  with  her  father  and 
mother,  was  frequently  seen  by  the^King  when  he  drove 
by  going  to  and  from  the  Parliament  House.  She  eloped 
in  1754,  and  was  married  to  Isaac  Axford  at  Keith's 
Chapel,  which  my  father  discovered  about  three  weeks 
after,  and  none  of  her  family  have  seen  her  since,  though 
her  mother  had  a  letter  or  two  from  her,  but  at  last  died 
of  grief.  There  were  muny  fabulous  stories  about  her, 
but  my  aunt  (the  mother  of  H.  Lightfoot)  could  never 
trace  any  to  be  true. 

"  The  above  is  a  copj'  of  a  cousin  of  H.  Lightfoot's 
letter  to  me  on  inquin,'  of  particulars  of  this  mysterious 
affair,  and  who  is  now' living  and  more  likeh'to  know 
the  particulars  than  any  one  else.  The  general  belief  of 
her  friends  was  that  she"  was  taken  into  keeping  by  Prince 
George  directly  after  her  marriage  to  Axford,  but  never 
lived  with  him. 

"  I  have  lately  seen  a  half-pay  cavalry  officer  from 
India,  who  knew  a  ge'ntleman  of  the  name  of  Balton  who 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67,] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


91 


married  a  daughter  of  this  H.  Lightfoot  b_y  the  King,  but 
•who  is  dead,  leaving  several  accomplished  daughters, 
■who,  -with  the  father,  are  coming  to  England  ;  these 
daughters  are  secluded  from  society  like  nuns,  but  no 
pains  spared  in  their  education  ;  probablj'  on  the  arrival 
of  this  gentleman  more  light  will  be  thrown  upon  the 
subject  than  now  exists.  The  person  who  wrote  the 
above  letter  is  distantly  related  to  me,  and  my  mother 
(deceased  some  years)  was  related  to  H.  Lightfoot  and 
well  knew  her.  I  never  heard  her  say  any  more  than  I 
have  described  alread3\  except  that  she  was  short  of 
stature  and  veiy  prettv.  Ax  Inquirer. 

"  Herts." 

3Ionthly  Mag.  Oct.  1821,  p.  197. 

At  tlie  risk  of  trespassing  somewhat  lieavily  on 
the  patience  of  the  readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  and  its 
limited  space,  I  must  before  I  close  this  branch  of 
my  subject  call  attention  to  a  still  fuller  and 
more  curious  statement  derived  from  the  same 
som-ce :  — 

P. 
"  Further  details  relative  to  the  Fair  Quaker. 

"  The  accounts  published  in  your  magazine  relative  to 
the  Fair  Quaker  protected  hy  the  late  King,  differing  in 
some  respects  from  that  which  I  have  received  from  my 
relatives,  who  were  her  father's  neighbours,  I  here  give 
you  their  account. 

"  St.  James'  Market,  now  pulled  down,  and  absorbed  in 
the  improved  state  of  the  space  between  Pall  Mall  and 
Piccadilly  at  the  end  next  the  HajTnarket,  consisted  be- 
fore its  dilapidation  of  two  parts— a  daily  flesh  market, 
and  an  open  oblong  space,  on  the  east  side  of  the  other, 
called  the  country  market  for  poultiy  and  other  country 
produce.  Mr.  Wheeler's  house  was  the  eastern  corner- 
house,  and  on  the  south  side  of  this  open  part  and  abut- 
ting upon  Market  Lane,  a  narrow  lane  which  ran  out  of 
Pall  Mall  at  the  back  of  the  Opera  House,  the  lower  end 
of  which,  as  far  as  where  Wheeler's  house  stood,  is  now 
covered  over  and  made  into  an  arcade.  I  well  remember 
the  shop,  which  after  the  decease  of  the  old  folks  was  kept 
by  their  son  until  the  recent  destruction.  It  was  a  linen- 
draper's,  and,  as  the  principal  part  of  the  business  lay 
with  the  country  market  people,  the  proprietors  were 
accustomed  to  keep  a  cask  of  good  ale,  a  glass  of  which 
was  always  offered  to  their  customers. 

"At  that  time  the  ravages  of  the  small-pox,  unchecked 
by  innoculation,  left  but  few  women  who  were  not  marked 
by  its  destructive  powers ;  and  the  possessors  of  a  fair  un- 
sullied face  were  followed  by  crowds  of  admirers.  Such 
was  the  case  of  the  Misses  Gunning,  who  paraded  the 
Mall  in  St.  James'  Park,  guarded  by'a  troop  of  admirers 
with  drawn  swords,  to  prevent  the  populace  from  en- 
croaching on  this  hallowed  spot  sacred  to  gentility.  The 
train  of  Miss  W.  as  she  passed  to  and  from  the  meeting 
in  Hemming's  Row,  St.  Martin's  Lane,  was  as  numerous. 

"  Being  before  the  American  War,  the  spirit  of  demo- 
cracy had  not  introduced  its  levelling  principles,  and  the 
roj^al  family,  the  nobility,  and  even  the  gentry,  were  be- 
held with  a  kind  of  awe,  which  rendered  the  "presence  of 
troops  or  constables  necessaiy  for  their  protection.  The 
royal  family  proceeded  to  the  theatres  in  chairs,  preceded 
only  by  a  few  footmen,  and  followed  by  about  a  dozen 
j-eomen.  When  they  went  to  the  Opera  they  entered  at 
the  back  door  in  Market  Lane,  which  was  near  the  coun- 
try market;  and  therefore  to  avoid  the  length  of  that 
narrow  passage,  thej'  passed  up  St.  Alban's  Street,  skirted 
half  the  south  of  the  market,  and  had  then  only  a  few 
paces  to  go  down  the  lane.  On  these  occasions  the  linens 
were  taken  out  of  the  eastern  window,  and  Miss  W.  sat 


in  a  chair  to  see  the  procession.  The  fame  of  her  beauty 
attracted  the  notice  of  the  Prince,  and  there  were  not 
wanting  those  who  were  ready  to  fan  the  flame  and  pro- 
mote the  connection. 

"  One  M and  his  wife  then  lived  in  Pall  Mall ; 

their  house  was  the  resort  of  the  gay  world,  and  the  mas- 
ter and  mistress  were  equally  ready  to  assist  the  designs 
of  the  gamester  or  the  libei'tine,  and  to  conceal  the  gal- 
lantries of  a  fashionable  female.    To  this  man,  familiarly 

known  about  the  court  by  the  name  of  Jack  M ,  the 

taking  away  of  the  Fair  Quaker  was  committed. 

"  Ha\ing  received  his  ordei-s,  he  proceeded  to  a  watch- 
maker's shop  on  the  east  side  of  the  country  market, 
which  commanded  a  good  view  of  Wheeler's  house,  in 
order  to  reconnoitre.  Repeating  his  visits,  under  pretence 
of  repairing  or  regulating  his  watch,  he  discovered  that  a 

female  named  H frequently  went  to  Wheeler's,  and 

was  well  acquainted  with  the  daughter;  and  the  skilful 
intriguer  was  not  long  before  he  discovered  that  this 
woman  was  precisely  fitted  for  his  purpose. 

"  Mrs.  H had  formerly  been  a  servant  at  Wheeler's, 

since  which  she  had  been  in  service  at  one  Betts',  a  glass- 
cutter  in  Cockspur  Street,  a  large  house  facing  Pall  Mall, 
afterwards  occupied  by  Collet,  who  married  his  widow, 
and  before  the  recent"  destruction  divided  into  two  or 
three  tenements — one  a  toolmaker's,  another  a  watch- 
maker's. She  had  then  been  lately  discharged  from  Betts'. 
Instead  of  going  into  another  service,  being  a  handsome 

woman,  one  of  the  apprentices  named  H married  her, 

and  she  was  almost  immediately  afterwards  laid  hold  of 

by  Jack  M ,  and  readily  engaged  in  procuring  the 

Fair  Quaker  for  the  Prince,  which  her  pre%-ious  fami- 
liarity rendered  easy.     As  the    parents  allowed  their 

daughter  to  go  out  with  Mrs.  H ,  interviews  were 

thus  obtained  between  the  parties;  and,  on  the  elope- 
ment, it  was  found  that  her  clothes  and  trinkets  had  been 
clandestinely  removed.  Old  Mrs.  Wheeler  never  recovered 
from  the  shock,  and  it  was  said  she  descended  the  grave 
with  a  broken  heart. 

"A  handsome   reward  was  no  doubt  given  to  Jack 

M ;  and,  on  the  arrival  of  the  Queen,  a  relative  was, 

through  his  interest,  appointed  her  English  teacher,  and 
another  has  gradually  proceeded  since  to  the  bench  of 

bishops.     Mrs.  H was  said  to  have  received  500/.  for 

her  share  in  the  business.  Whatever  might  be  the  sum, 
her  husband  was  by  means  of  it  enabled  to  go  into  part- 
nership with  a  fellow-apprentice,  one   S ,   who  had 

then  just  returned  from  the  East  Indies,  whither  he  had 
been  sent  to  one  of  the  Nabobs  along  with  some  lustres  to 
unpack  and  put  them  up,  and  had  thus  accimiulated  a 
small  sum.  The  one  was  a  parish  apprentice,  the  other 
the  son  of  a  poor  clerg3Tnan.  They  opened  in  opposition 
to  their  former  master  a  shop  at  the  corner  of  Cockspur 
Street  and  Hedge  Lane,  afterwards  called  Whitcomb 
Street,  which  has  also  suffered  dilapidation,  but  the  shop 
has  reappeared  in  splendour. 

"  Such  is  the  history  of  this  elopement,  which  I  received 
from  vay  mother's  relations,  who  had  peculiar  means  of 
knowing  the  facts ;  as  also  from  a  fellow-apprentice  of 

H 's,  one  Stock,  who  afterwards  kept  the  Lion  and 

Lamb  at  Lewisham,  and  whose  wife  (who  afterwards  mar- 
ried a  Mr.  Peter  White  of  that  village)  had  also  been  a 
fellow-servant  of  H 's  wife  while  at  Betts'. 

"  It  was  generally  reported  that  the  Fair  Quaker  was 
kept  at  Lambeth,  or  some  other  village  on  the  south  of 
the  Thames ;  a  notion  which  probably  arose  from  its 
being  most  customaiy  with  the  Prince  to  ride  out  over 
Westminster  Bridge ;  but  I  have  heard  it  said  that  she 
resided  at  Knightsbi'idge,  at  a  farm  which  supplied  the 
royal  family  with  asses'  milk.  The  house  being  retired 
from  the  road,  and  less  than  a  mile  from  the  palaces,  was 
well  adapted  for  the  purpose  of  private  visits. 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  'G7. 


"  It  is  scarcely  -wortli  while  to  notice,  that  those  who 
say  the  King  saw  her  as  he  passed  to  and  from  the  Pai-- 
liament  House  can  have  no  knowledge  of  that  part  of 
London,  and  the  situation  of  her  father's  shop. 

"  Was  not  Mrs.  H 's  maiden  name  Lightfoot  ?  *  This 

might  probably  be  ascertained  by  the  register  of  St.  Mar- 
tin-in-the-Fields.  As  the  Wheelei'S  would  naturally  use 
that  name  in  relating  the  story,  as  being  that  by  which 
thev  could  best  designate  her,  has  not  some  confusion 
arisen  between  the  two  females  concerned  in  the  elope- 
ment ? 

"  T.  G.  H. 

"  ***  Jf^e  shall  be  glad  of  the  anecdote  of  Osborne.  We 
give  ready  insertion  to  the  above,  but  still  rely  on  the  commu- 
nication from  Warminster,  which  describedher  as  Wheeler's 
niece  and  the  wife  of  Axford."— Monthly  Mag.  Julj',  1822, 
vol.  liii.  pp.  517-8. 

This  letter  from  T.  G,  H.  'broiiglLt  a  fiu-ther 
communication  from  W.  H.  of  Warminster,  who 
having,  as  he  says,  begun  the  debate,  claimed  the 
privilege  of  the  last  word.  But  this  and  another 
short  extract  from  the  same  periodical  I  must 
postpone  till  next  week,       William  J.  Thoms. 


HUMAX  SACEIFICES  IN  ORISSA. 

The  famines  and  visitations  of  disease  in  Orissa, 
concerning  which  so  much  has  lately  been  pub- 
lished, are  not  the  only  evils  which  have  afflicted 
the  people  of  that  part  of  India.  Some  years  ago 
it  was  ascertained  that  the  practice  of  sacrificing 
women  and  youths  prevailed  extensively  in  the 
highlands  of  the  Zemindary  of  Goomsur  in  Orissa, 
called  Khondistan.  It  was  my  fortune  to  be  at- 
tached to  a  column  of  the  army  which  in  18.36 
entered  Goomsur  to  suppress  a  rebellion  of  the 
rajah.  This  column  fought  its  way  through  the 
mountains  to  the  country  of  the  Khonds;  and 
while  on  this  service  the  officers  learnt  the  fol- 
lowing particulars  of  the  human  sacrifices,  and 
rescued  several  women  and  girls  intended  for  im- 
molation. The  sacrifices  took  place  annually  at 
the  time  of  seed-sowing.  The  unfortimate  vic- 
tims, who  had  been  purchased  or  kidnapped  from 
neighbouring  districts,  were  on  the  fatal  day  con- 
ducted from  their  place  of  confinement  to  a  post, 
to  which  they  were  bound  with  iron  chains,  cer- 
tain prayers  being  pronounced  at  the  time  by  the 
presiding  priest.  The  agriculturists  of  the  district 
assembled  on  the  spot,  holding  knives ;  at  a  signal 
from  the  priest,  they  rushed  upon  the  captive,  pre- 
viously stripped  naked,  and  cut  the  flesli  from  her 
frame  until  nothing  more  than  the  skeleton  re- 
mained. In  this  horrid  rite  the  Khonds  en- 
deavoured to  prolong  the  life  of  the  sufferer  as 
long  as  possible,  in  order  that  the  flesh  dedicated 

"  *  By  a  communication  in  Monthly  Mag.  for  August, 

1822,  it  appears  Mrs.  H 's  maiden  name  was  Ann 

R  *****  n,   and   that   when  young   she  was  called 

Xancy  R .     Her  mother  was  one  of  the  sisters  of  Mr. 

Samuel  M  *****  n,  a  respectable  Quaker  in  Swallow 
Street." 


to  their  Ceres  might  be  sown  in  the  fields  to  pro- 
pitiate a  fruitful  harvest,  while  it  still  quivered 
with  life.  At  Koladah,  below  the  Ghauts,  there 
was  a  shrine  to  the  goddess  Doorga,  where  many 
iniquitous  and  bloody  scenes  were  enacted  imder 
the  Rajah  of  Goomsur.  The  e&gj  of  the  god- 
dess stood  on  the  margin  of  a  deep  pool,  darkly 
embowered  in  a  thick  jungle  ;  her  form  was  hu- 
man, with  the  exception  of  the  head,  for  which  an 
inverted  skull  was  substituted ;  the  feet  touched 
a  stone  altar,  stained  with  human  blood.  At  this 
place,  it  was  said,  the  rajah  offered  to  the  goddess 
the  lives  of  those  of  his  concubines  he  was  desirous 
to  be  rid  of,  with  ceremonies  too  cruel  to  be  nar- 
rated. At  the  completion,  of  the  rite,  the  bodies 
were  thrown  into  the  pool  for  the  alligators  in- 
habiting it.  The  following  legend  is  supposed  to 
embrace  the  origin  of  the  Meriah,  or  human 
sacrifices  of  the  Khonds :  — Tari  Pennu,  the  earth 
goddess,  spilt  some  drops  of  her  blood  on  the 
muddy  unproductive  earth,  which  then  became 
hard.  She  desired  the  lookers  on  to  observe  the 
beneficial  change,  and  bade  them  cut  her  body  in 
pieces  to  complete  it.  The  Khonds,  thinking  her 
one  of  themselves,  preferred  obtaining  victims  by 
purchase  or  kidnapping  from  other  peoples,  and 
after  the  first  sacrifice  the  knowledge  of  agricul- 
ture dawned  upon  mankind.  Since  the  Goomsur 
war,  through  the  exertions  of  the  Government 
agents,  among  whom  the  most  conspicuous  have 
been  Captain  Macpherson  and  Colonel  J.  Camp- 
bell, this  revolting  practice  has  been  nearlj-,  if 
not  altogether,  suppressed  in  Khondistan  and  the 
adjoining  districts  where  it  prevailed.  "  Sketches 
of  the  Goomsur  Campaigns,  by  Captain  H.  Con- 
greve  of  the  Madras  Artillery,"  in  the  Asiatic 
Joumal,  1842,  may  be  referred  to  for  a  fuller 
accoimt  of  the  Khonds  of  Orissa  and  their  cus- 
toms. See  also  "An  Account  of  the  Eeligion  of 
the  Khonds  of  Orissa,  by  Capt.  S.  C.  Macpher- 
son, Madras  Army,"  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal 
Asiatic  Society,  1852,  and  Major-GeneralJ.  Camp- 
bell's, C.B.,  Thirteen  Years'  Service  amongst  the 
Wild  Tribes  of  KJiondistan,  1864.  H.  C, 


DE.  THOMAS  FISHER. 

l^From  a  Correspondent.~\ 

A  valuable  contributor  to  "N.  &  Q."  cannot  be 
allowed  to  pass  away  without  a  brief  notice.  Dr. 
Thomas  Fisher,  for  upwards  of  twenty  years  As- 
sistant Librarian  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  died 
in  that  city  on  Jan.  17,  1867,  aged  sixty-six;  his 
death  was  sudden,  but  painless,  caused,  as  is  sup- 
posed, by  bronchitis  combined  with  heart  disease. 
A  paper  from  his  pen  appeared  in  the  last  num- 
ber of  "  N.  &  Q."  under  his  usual  signature,  'kXuvs. 
(3""  S.  xi.  59.) 

Dr.  Fisher  was  a  native  of  Limerick,  and  was 
educated "  at  Ballitore   School,  co.   Kildai-e,  the 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  •67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


93 


estalolishment  at  which  Edmund  Burke  and  other 
eminent  men  received  the  first  elements  of  learn- 
ing. From  his  earliest  years  he  vras  remarkable 
for  his  avidity  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge.  He 
graduated  in  medicine  at  Edinburgh,  but  soon 
afterwards,  from  conscientious  scruples,  renounced 
that  profession  and  supported  himself  for  a  time 
bv  teaching.  In  1846  he  was  appointed  to  the 
office  in  the  library  of  the  University  of  Dublin, 
which  he  held  to  his  death,  and  which  he  dis- 
charged to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  every  one 
connected  with  that  institution.  His  extensive 
learning,  his  habits  of  accuracy  and  punctuality, 
his  amiable  and  obliging  disposition,  and  the 
readiness  with  which  he  imparted  his  knowledge 
to  every  one  who  consulted  him,  rendered  him  a 
valuable  assistant  to  all  students  in  search  of 
literary  information. 

Dr.  Fisher  was  originally  a  member  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  but  afterwards  became  a  devoted 
member  of  the  Chiu'ch  of  England,  in  whose 
theology  he  was  deeply  versed.  His  spirit  was 
catholic,  his  piety  unaffected  and  unobtrusive, 
and  his  character  remarkable  for  purity,  simplicity, 
and  kindliness.  Of  him  it  might  have  been  most 
truly  said  that  he  was  without  guile. 

He  has  left  behind  him  no  literarj^  remains  ex- 
cept what  may  be  found  in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q.," 
to  which  he  was  a  contributor  from  its  com- 
mencement. There  is,  however,  in  the  hands  of 
his  friends  an  interleaved  copy  of  the  Biogrcqjhie 
ZTniverselle,  which  he  has  enriched  in  his  remark- 
ably neat  handwriting  with  copious  notes,  addi- 
tions, and  corrections,  bibliographical  as  well  as 
biographical.  He  gave  invaluable  assistance  in 
the  preparation  of  the  printed  catalogue  of  the 
Library  of  Dublin  University,  of  which  a  volume 
was  recently  issued  under  the  superintendence  of  Dr. 
Todd ;  and  his  bibliographical  knowledge  enabled 
him  to  render  important  service  to  Mr.  Jones  of 
the  Chetham  Library,  Manchester,  in  that  gen- 
tleman's edition  of  Peck's  Catalogue  of  the  Tracts 
for  and  against  Popery  written  in  the  time  of 
King  James  H. 

[Our  readers  -n-ill  no  doubt  readily  guess  from  what 
learaed  contributor  of  "  N.  &  Q."  we  have  received  this 
kindly  memorial  of  his  "  close  companion  and  friend." — 
Ed.  "  K  &  Q."] 


NoTHiif G  New  ttnder  the  Sttn".  —  Mr.  S.  Bar- 
ing-Gould, in  his  pleasant  book,  3It/ths  of  the 
Middle  Acjes  (pp.  135,  1.36),  refers  to  the  story  of 
the  errant  wife  who,  locked  out  by  her  husband, 
pretends  to  throw  herself  into  the  well ;  by  which 
ruse  she  brings  out  her  obdurate  spouse,  and,  en- 
tering the  house,  locks  him  out  in  her  turn.  This 
story,  Mr.  Gould  says,  he  found  related  in  a  Sus- 
sex newspaper  as  having  really  happened  at  Lewes 
recently. 


Remembering  sundry  places  where  this  story 
occurs,  I  opened,  among  other  books,  The  Seven 
Sages  (Percy  Society,  vol.  xvi.),  and  to  my  sui-prise 
foimd  the  editor,  Mr.  Thomas  Wright,  referring, 
like  iNIr.  Gould,  to  a  recent  version  of  the  same 
tale :  — 

"  It  is  a  singular  proof  of  the  long  duration  of  the  popu- 
larity of  such  stories,  that  vrithin  a  few  days  I  have 
heard  the  same  story  told  in  a  small  country-  town,  as 
having  happened  to  one  of  the  townsmen,"  &c. — Introduc- 
tion, p.  liii. 

The  same  story  (with  differences)  is  to  be  found 
in  Moliere's  George  Dandin  (Act  III.  Scenes  8 
to  11). 

Apropos  of  Moliere.  As  far  back  as  I  can  re- 
member, I  was  accustomed  to  hear  from  two  eye- 
witnesses a  story  how,  in  London  streets,  a  man 
and  his  wife  were  qitarrelling ;  how  the  husband 
struck  the  wife  ;  how  a  passing  stranger  interfered, 
and  how  the  wife  turned  round  and  flew  at  this 
philanthropic  stranger,  saying,  "  He  is  my  hus- 
band, and  he  has  a  right  to  strike  me  if  he  likes  ! " 

Now  this  incident  exactly  occurs  in  Moliere's 
Medecin  Malgre  Lui  (Act  I.  Sc.  2.)  The  scene  is 
too  long  to  quote.  I  give  only  one  sentence  of 
wife  and  husband :  — 

Wife.  '•  Voyez  un  peu  cet  impertinent,  qui  veut  em- 
pecher  les  maris  de  battre  leurs  femmes  !      .     .     . 

Husband.  "  Je  la  veux  battre,  si  je  le  veux ;  et  ne  la 
veux  pas  battre,  si  je  ne  le  veux  pas." 

I  vouch  for  the  truth  of  my  eye-witnesses. 

JoHX  Addis,  Jrx. 

Kustington,  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 

Sir  Smox  Archer.  —  I  have  in  my  possession 
a  copy  of  Dugdale's  History  of  Warxoickshire, 
folio,  1656,  to  the  fly-leaf  of  which  is  pasted  an 
autograph  letter  of  Sir  Simon  Archer,  of  which 
I  send  you  a  copy :  — 
"  Me.  Clarke, — 

"  There  is  one  Mr.  Dugdale,  a  lover  of  Antiquities, 
who  peradventure  you  know  intendeth  to  publish  an  His- 
tory of  Wanjickshire,  whom  both  b}'  my  own  and  my 
friends'  help  1  would  gladly  assist  wherein  I  may ;  if  you 
therefore  have  any  knowledge  in  blazoning  of  Arms  I 
would  desire  your  furtherance  in  these  particulars  follow- 
ing— First,  I  would  entreat  you  to  inform  me  what  arms 
are  in  the  church  windows  about  you  and  the  blazon  of 
them,  and  in  what  windows  or  panes  of  the  windows 
they  are  placed  ;  whether  they  be  in  the  chancel  or  in  the 
church  ;  whether  of  the  eastj  west,  north,  or  south  side 
thereof.  And  likewise  what  monuments  or  gravestones 
are  in  the  churches  or  chancels,  and  what  is  engraven 
upon  them.  And  what  manors  are  in  the  several 
parishes,  and  what  lands  are  therein,  and  who  are  seized 
of  them,  and  what  Court  Barons  or  Court  Leets  are  be- 
longing to  them,  and  what  decayed  townships  are  in 
them,  and  in  what  parishes  they  lie;  who  are  patrons  of 
the  churches,  whether  it  be  a  parsonage  or  a  %-icarage  and 
a  parsonage ;  who  has  the  gift  of  them,  and  what  they  are 
in  the  King's  Books,  and  to  what  saints  the  churches  were 
dedicated.  And  what  else  you  know  by  help  of  your 
own  deeds  or  of  your  own  knowledge  conducing  to  mat- 
ters of  Antiquities  not  hurting  any  man's  right  I  should 


94 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67. 


be  glad  to  receive  information  from  you.  I  would  also 
know  your  own  pedigree  and  what  arras  you  bear,  and 
if  you  be  acquainted  with  any  one  in  Knightlow  Hun- 
dred or  thereabouts  skilful  in  Antiquities  or  blazing  of 
arms,  I  would  entreat  you  to  certifie  me  where  he  dwelleth. 
I  should  desire  his  help  also,  for  I  would  not  neglect  any 
means  to  further  such  a  work,  and  therein  you  will  do 
me  very  great  courtesy,  for  which  I  shall  remain  your 
assured  friend, 

"  Sr.  Archer. 
"  Pryory  at  Warwick, 

first  January,  1647." 

S.  L. 

Derivation  of  the  Word  Church.  —  A  sin- 
gular discussion  upon  this  question  lias  been 
going  on  in  The  Guardian.  According  to  some  the 
vrord  is  from  the  Greek  adjective  KvpiaKos,  while 
others  refer  it  to  quite  a  different  origin.  It  is 
curious  that  the  Greek  word  was  not  so  generally 
transferred  as  baptisyn,  bishop,  deacon,  and  so  forth ; 
but  the  fact  that  we  borrowed  so  many  ecclesiasti- 
cal terms  favours  the  inference  that  we  owe  this 
to  the  same  Greek  source.  I  find  that  in  Syriac 
the  term  KvptaKos  is  not  merely  translated  "  temple 
of  God,"  but  is  occasionally  ti-ansferred,  and  might 
be  written  kyriaka.  If  transferred  to  the  Syriac, 
why  not  to  the  Saxon  ?  B.  H.  C. 

Archbishop  Juxoit.  —  The  following  cutting 
from  the  Gloucester  Mercury  of  the  5th  inst.  may 
not  be  unworthy  of  a  corner  in  "  N.  &  Q."  :  — 

"  It  is  not  generally  known  that  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Moreton-in-the-Marsh,  in  this  county,  Archbishop 
Juxon  is  still  always  spoken  of  as  '  Bishop,'  not  by  his 
superior  title.  The"  reason  is  that  during  the  Long  Re- 
bellion he  lived  at  Chastleton,  near  that  place,  where 
he  kept  up  the  service  of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
enjoyed  a  -inde  popularity  among  both  rich  and  poor. 
The  Bible  given  to  him  by  Charles  I.  is  still  kept  re- 
ligiously as  a  relic  at  Chastleton,  by  Mr.  Whitmore- 
Jones,  to  whose  family  it  came  by  bequest  from  the 
Archbishop's  family." 

S.  R.  T.  Mater,  F.R.S.L. 
ToiLESBURT  Chttrch,    Essex.  —  I  copied  the 
following  inscription  from  the  font  in  this  church  ; 
"Good people  all  pray  take  care 
That  in  y=  Church  you  doe  not  sware 
As  this  man  did." 

I  am  told  this  refers  to  a  man  who,  coming 
into  the  church  and  making  use  of  bad  language, 
was  put  into  the  stocks  and  fined  a  sum  of  money 
with  which  the  font  was  purchased.  This  took 
place  in  the  seventeenth  century. 

There  is  a  tradition  respecting  the  same  church, 
that  "  under  a  stone  in  the  belfry,  which  had  an 
efSgy  of  brass,  lies  one  Martin,  a  beggar,  who  on 
his  death-bed  discovered  two  pots  of  money  which 
he  had  hid,  and  appointed  two  bells  to  be  bought 
with  it,  which  were  accordingly  hung  up." 

John  Piggot,  Jtw. 

Vowel  Changes,  a,  aw. — The  communications 
in  "  N.  &  Q."  on  the  change  of  pronunciation  from 
00  to  o,  induce  me  to  call  the  attention  of  your 


philological  correspondents  to  the  extensive  sub- 
stitution of  the  ah  sound  of  the  first  vowel  for  aiv, 
which  has  afl'ected  many  Indo-European  lan- 
guages. With  this  is  perhaps  connected  the  sub- 
stitutes in  our  own  language  of  a  for  ah. 

The  substitution  of  ah  for  aw  appears,  so  far  as 
I  have  observed,  to  have  been  effected  chiefly 
within  the  last  four  centuries ;  but  in  France  it 
took  place  in  a  great  degree  towards  the  end  of 
the  last  century  and  beginning  of  this,  when  a, 
pas.  Sec.  became  ah,  pah,  &c.  instead  of  ato,  paip, 
&c.  Many  of  the  emigre  generation  pronounced 
in  the  old  fashion  after  "their  return. 

This  substitution  has  taken  place  beyond  the 
Indo-European  range  in  Turkish,  so  far  as  can  be 
judged  by  the  comparison  of  texts  printed  in 
European  characters  two  centuries  ago.  Of  this 
we  have  a  familiar  illustration  in  hashaio  for 
pahshah  (pasha). 

I  have  reason  to  think,  from  the  comparison  of 
words  in  Turkish  and  Persian,  that  the  same  phe- 
nomenon has  affected  the  Arabic  dialects,  and  thus 
entered  the  Semitic  family.  Hyde  Clarke. 

Frottde's  "History  oe  England." — In  the 
tenth  volume  there  is  a  curious  misprint,  very 
likely  to  escape  correction  on  account  of  its  oc- 
curring in  a  foot-note.  At  p.  347  a  copy  of  a 
manifesto  is  given,  with  marginal  notes  by  Cecil, 
one  of  which  is  as  follows :  "  Venenum  assiduum 
sub  labris  ipsorum."  Ob-vdously  the  word  should 
be  aspidum,  the  whole  sentence  being  a  quotation 
from  Psalm  xiv.  verse  5.  Jatdee. 

AssTJHED  Literary  Names  of  American  Au- 
thors. —  I  cut  the  following  from  an  American 
paper  this  morning  for  the  sake  of  incorporating 
it  with  my  own  collection.  It  may  be  better, 
however,  I  think,  to  send  it  to  "  N.  &  Q. :  " 

«  Ik  Marvel— Donald  G.  Mitchell. 
Timothy  Titcomb— Dr.  J.  G.  Holland. 
Edmund  Kirke— J.  R.  Gilmore. 
Gail  Hamilton— Miss  M.  A.  Dodge. 
Christopher  Crowfield — Mrs.  H.  13.  Stowe. 
Florence  Percy — Mrs.  Elizabeth  Akers  Allen. 
Fanny  Fern— ^Mrs.  James  Parton. 
Mary  Clavers — Mrs.  C.  M.  Kirkland. 
Mrs.  Partington— B.  P.  Shillaber. 
Orpheus  C.  Kerr — Robert  H.  Xewell. 
Artemus  Ward— Charles  F.  Brown. 
Mace  Sloper — Charles  G.  Leland. 
.Josh  Billings — Henry  G.  Shaw. 
Doesticks — Mortimer  Thompson. 
Jeemes  Pipes — Stephen  Massett. 
The  Disbanded  Volunteer — Joseph  Barber. 
K.  N.  Pepper — James  M.  Morris. 
Major  Jack  Downing — Seba  Smith. 
Ethan  Spike— Jlatthew  F.  Whittier. 
Petroleum  V.  Xasby— D.  R.  Locke. 
Jennie  June — Mrs.  Jennie  Croly. 
Cousin  May  Carlton — Miss  M.  A.  Earle. 
Kate  Putnam — Miss  Kate  P.  Osgood. 
Lilley  Lovette— Mr.  M.  W.  Torrey. 
Howard  Glvden — Miss  Laura  C.  Readen. 


3'<i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


95 


Cora  May — Mrs.  Jennie  Curtis. 

Helen  Forest  Graves — Miss  Lucy  A.  Kandal]. 

W.  Savage  North— Wm.  S.  Newell. 

Ned  Buntline— E.  Z.  C.  Judson. 

Wattie  Rushton — A.  Watson  Atwood. 

Col.  Walter  D.  Dunlap— Sylvanus  Cobb,  Jr. 

The  Village  Schoolmaster— C.  JI.  Dickinson. 

McArone — George  Arnold. 

Paul  Vane— Frank  W.  Potter. 

Mercutio — William  Winter. 

Charles  Florida— Dr.  J.  B.  F.  Walker. 

Oscar — Willard  O.  Carpenter. 

Carelton— Charles  C.  Coffin. 

Warrington — William  S.  Robinson. 

Straws,  Jr.— Miss  Kate  Field. 

Carl  Benson- Charles  A.  Bristed. 

Marion  Harland- Mrs.  Virginia  Terhune. 

Irenffius — Rev.  Dr.  S.  I.  Prime. 

Mr.  Sparrowgrass — F.  S.  Cozzens. 

Oliver  Optic— Wm.  T.  Adams." 

Boston  Commonwealth,  Dec.  22,  1866. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

Abb^:. — What  is  it?  I  am  really  curious  to 
know  wliat  is  a  modern  Alhe,  the  claim  on  which 
the  title  is  founded,  and  the  exact  ecclesiastical 
position  it  confers  on  its  holder. 

There  are  Ahhati  in  Italj-,  but  Abhe  is  exclu- 
sively French,  and  nearly  every  French  ecclesi- 
astic one  meets  in  England  calls  himself,  or  is 
called,  Abhe.  The  commonness  of  its  use  reminds 
us  of  the  Captain  of  last  century  as  a  good  travel- 
ling title  of  corresponding  convenience. 

But  if  there  be  spurious  Abbes,  on  which  we 
do  not  venture  to  pronounce,  there  are  genuine 
ones,  as  the  Abbe  Mullois,  one  of  the  Court 
preachers  in  Paris,  author  of  a  work  on  Sacred 
Oratory ;  the  Abbe  Dubois,  who  wrote  on  the 
Hindoos  in  the  early  part  of  this  century;  and 
the  Abbe  Domeneit.  who  was  a  missionary  in 
recent  times  to  Mexico.  The  case  of  these  two 
latter  proves  the  title  not  to  be  a  local  one. 

What  is,  then,  the  exact  value  of  the  title  ? 
Does  it  confer  any  distinction  or  any  emolument  ? 
Is  an  Abhe  more  than  a  parish  priest  ?  Is  he  a 
priest  unattached?  Is  he  necessarily  a  priest  at 
all  ?  for  we  have  certainly  read,  though  perhaps  it 
was  an  abuse,  of  persons  being  called  Abbe,  and 
possessing  certain  endowments  connected  there- 
with, before  they  had  reached  the  age  to  receive 
priestly  orders.  O.  T.  D. 

American-  Poets. — As  the  works  of  American 
authors  are  not  very  accessible  in  this  coimtry, 
perhaps  some  of  your  readers  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Atlantic  would  have  the  kindness  to  answer 
my  queries  regarding  the  books  named  below. 
I  wish  to  know  whether  there  be  any  composi- 
tions in  the  volumes,  written  in  a  dialogue  and 
dramatic  form. 

I.  J.  Newton  Brown — Emihj  and  other  Poems. 
1840, 


2,  Martha  Day  (b.  1813,  died  1833),  daughter 
of  Professor  Day,  of  Yale  College — Literm-y  Re- 
mains, edited  by  Professor  H.  Kiugsley,  date  un- 
certain. 

3.  R.  C.  Sands — Literary  Works,  Prose  and 
Verse,  1834,  New  York.     2  vols.  R.  I. 

Calico  Cloth.  —  The  year  907  is  given  for 
the  foundation  of  the  city  of  Calcutta  in  Hither 
India,  in  Aspiu's  Chronology.  Calicut,  on  the 
Malabar  Coast,  is  evidently  the  place  referred  to. 
Query  :  From  what  source  was  Aspin's  informa- 
tion derived,  and  in  what  year  is  the  cloth  calico 
first  mentioned  ?  Mermaid. 

Cawthoene  Rectjsaxts.  —  In  the  late  Mr. 
Hunter's  History  of  South  Yorkshire,  vol.  ii. 
p.  234,  he  quotes  a  presentation  of  Recusants 
within  the  parish  of  Cawthorne,  co.  York,  of  the 
year  1624,  but  does  not  give  any  reference  to 
where  it  is  to  be  found.  Can  any  one  tell  me  ? 
Edwaed  Peacoce. 

Albeet  Dtjeee's  "KsriGHT,  Death,  and  the 
Devil." — In  an  admirable  paper  on  this  etching 
(Gentleman's 3Iagazine,  October,  1866),  Mr.  Henry 
F.  Holt  strives  to  identify  the  "  KJnight,  Death, 
and  the  Devil,"  with  the  "Nemesis."  His  de- 
scription of  the  engraving  contains  the  following 
paragraph :  — 

"  Every  detail  has  been  well  prepared,  and  a  devilish 
snare  skilfully  laid  behind  the  lizard  bj"^  which  men  and 
beasts  will  alike  be  affected.  Already  the  dog  is  under 
its  influence,  as  the  position  of  his  ears  and  tail  clearly 
indicates.  In  another  moment,  the  descending  hoof  of  the 
horse  will  strike  the  sharp  iron  staple  wherewith  the 
snare  is  fastened  to  the  ground ;  a  violent  plunge  ensues; 
the  careless,  reflective,  but  too  confident  knight  is  sud- 
denly and  forcibly  thrown  to  the  ground,  and  the  di'ead 
judgment  accomplished." — P.  439. 

Now  this  "  devilish  snare  "  of  the  critic  is  not 
clearly  visible  to  ordinary  eyes.  The  horse's  hoof 
is  descending  upon  what  appears  at  first  sight  to 
be  a  tuft  of  rank  wiry  grass.  On  closer  inspection, 
it  is  observable  that  one  blade  of  this  grass  fol- 
lows exactly  the  outline  of  the  descending  horse- 
shoe, at  some  small  distance  beneath  it. 

Has  any  one  ever  suggested  that  this  special 
blade  of  grass  was  at  first  a  false  outline  of  the 
horse-shoe — a  blunder  of  the  etching-needle ;  and 
that  the  tuft  of  grass  was  an  addition,  to  disguise 
the  said  blunder  ?  John  Addis,  Jun. 

Queen  Elizabeth  and  the  Eael  or  Essex. 
Is  there  any  foundation  for  the  tradition  that  the 
Earl  of  Essex's  head  and  Queen  Elizabeth's  heart 
are  buried  in  the  chancel  of  Northwold  chm-ch, 
Norfolk  ?  W.  A.  T.  A. 

The  Epistles  of  the  Apostolic  Fathers.  — 
Which  is  generally  considered  the  best  transla- 
tion of  the  Epistles  of  SS.  Barnabas,  Clement, 
Ignatius,  Polycarp,  and  Diognetus  ?       M.  Y.  L. 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^-d  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67 


"  HAilBLETOXIAiN- ■'    AXB    '' DlAilOXD."— About 

half  a  century  ago,  there  was  often  to  be  seen  in 
the  public  rooms  of  inns,  an  engraving  of  a  horse- 
race  between  "  Hambletonian "  and  "Diamond," 
the  former  being  represented  as  winning  by  half 
a  neck.  Does  it  appear  in  the  annals  of  sporting 
or  otherwise,  when  and  where  this  took  place  ? 
and  were  these  horses  celebrated  for  speed  ?  G. 
Edinburgh. 

Historical  Picttjkes  at  Denham  Coukt.  — 
In  Murray's  Handbook  for  Berkshire,  Buckingjiam- 
shire,  and  Oxfordshire,  at  p.  101  is  a  notice  of 
Denham  Court,  near  Uxbridge :  — 

"  Here,"  says  the  compiler,  "  Charles  II.  was  concealed 
in  vaiious  ways  by  Lady  Bowyer,  and  4  curious  panel 
pictures  still  preserved  in  the  house  commemorate  the 
event.  The  1st  represents  him  dressed  as  a  scullion  in 
the  kitchen ;  the  2nd  hidden  among  the  rushes  in  the 
moat ;  the  3rd  the  turkey,  bleeding  at  the  head,  which 
she  hung  over  the  panel  behind  which  he  was  concealed, 
to  keep  off  the  bloodhound  which  was  tracking  him ;  the 
4th  is  a  Sne  portrait  of  Lady  Bowj-er  herself.  The  house 
has  been  much  modernized,  but  retains  its  ancient 
moat." 

To  what  part  of  Charles  II.'s  adventures  does 
this  story  refer?  The  Boscohel  Tracts  show  that 
he,  after  the  battle  of  Worcester,  fled  to  V/hite 
Ladies  and  Boscobel,  houses  on  the  borders  of 
Worcestershire  and  Staffordshire.  Thence  through 
Bristol  to  Trent  House,  near  Yeovil  in  Somerset- 
shire. From  thence  he  tried  to  escape  by  sea 
from  Bridport,  but,  not  succeeding  in  getting 
away,  came  back  to  Trent  House  ;  moved  after  a 
time  to  Hole  House,  between  Salisbury  and  Stone- 
henge ;  and  thence  travelled  across  the  southern 
part  of  Hampshire  and  Sussex  to  Brighthelmstone, 
where  he  met  Captain  Tattersell,  who  took  him 
to  France  in  his  vessel.  He  could  not,  therefore, 
in  his  flight  after  Worcester,  have  been  within 
very  many  miles  of  Denham  House.  Do  these 
paintings  refer  to  adventures  of  his  at  some  other 
time  or  at  some  other  place,  or  do  they  portray 
the  perils  of  some  other  Cavalier  srentleman  in 
hiding  ?  C.  W.  Bakkxet. 

Macakoxic  DESCRIPTIO^'■  OF  A  Feiae.  —  Some 
five-and-thirty  years  ago,  one  of  the  most  pro- 
mising "honourable  members"  of  the  Oxford 
Union  Society,  who,  though  he  has  long  occu- 
pied a  still  more  honourable  position,  has  not 
quite  attained  the  prominence  of  some  of  our  con- 
temporaries, quoted,  or  professed  to  quote,  in  a 
debate  there,  a  macaronic  description  of  a  friar, 
which  commenced,  I  think,  with  the  words  — 
"  Legere  breviarium  taliter  qualiter." 

Can  he,  if  he  chances  to  read  this  query,  or  any 
other  of  your  readers,  direct  me  to  iis  origin  ? 

C.  W.  BlXGHAM. 

Mexjiath. — In  examining  some  court-rolls  of 
a  manor  in  the   Isle  of  Ely,   I  observe  that  a 


copyholder  was  admitted  to  property  of  the  fol- 
lowing description :  — 

"  4  Menmaths,  late  Tetherells,  held  at  the  vearlv  rent 
of  2s." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  what  a 
"  menmath  "  is  ?  A  CoifSTAXi  Eeadee. 

MooxwoET. — I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  to  any 
of  your  correspondents  learned  in  folk-lore  who 
would  kindly  inform  me,  through  the  columns  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  of  the  properties  attributed  by  country 
folks  to  the  herb  "Moonwort."  In  what  parts  of 
England  does  it  bear  the  name  Honesty,  and  to 
what  is  the  bearing  of  so  fair  a  name  attributed  ? 
I  have  read  that  this  herb  was  formerly  called  in 
Devonshire  "  L'nshoe  the  horse,"  and  that  it  was 
so  called  because  of  its  power  to  attract  shoes 
from  horses'  feet ;  and  one  great  instance  of  its 
strange  power  is  thus  narrated — that  a  party  of 
horse  having  been  drawn  up  on  the  White  Downs 
(where  this  herb  grows),  thirty  horse-shoes,  some 
being  new,  were  found  the  next  day.  Is  it  still 
believed  in  the  fairest  of  English  counties  that  so 
frail  an  instrument  can  work  so  foully  ?  or  is  the 
story  of  extraction  a  mere  detraction  ?  P.  J. 

OccTJEEEJfCES  TS  EDrN'BrEGH,  1688. — Are  there 
any  diaries,  or  records  of  events,  in  existence 
(published  or  unpublished),  containing  accounts  of 
above,  by  eye-witnesses  or  contemporaries  ? 

F.  M.  S. 
Song. — A  friend  of  mine  possesses  an  exercise- 
book  headed  "  Mathematical  Class,  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity, April  5th,  1790,"  on  which  are  scribbled 
the  following  lines  :  — 

"  When  Adam  was  laid  in  soft  slumber, 

'Twas  then  he  lost  part  of  his  side  ; 

And  when  he  awakened,  with  wonder 

He  beheld  his  most  beautiful  bride. 

"  She  was  not  made  out  of  his  head,  Sir, 

To  rule  and  to  govern  the  man ; 

Nor  was  she  made  out  of  his  feet,  Sir, 

By  man  to  be  trampled  upon." 

Can  any  one  name  the  author  of  these  lines, 
or  complete  the  ballad.  They  apparently  foim 
part  of  a  song,  which  may  have  been  sung  in  the 
Glasgow  Theatre,  and  written  down  from  memory 
by  the  student.  J.  G.  B. 

PiOLL  OF  P^TSICIA^'3.  —  On  consulting  Dr. 
Mimk's  BoU  of  the  CoUer/e  of  Physicians,  which 
professes  to  supply  "  a  complete  Series  of  the  Fel- 
lows, Licentiates,  and  Extra-licentiates  of  the 
College  from  its  foundation  in  10  Hen.  \T[II.,"  I 
am  amazed  to  find  7io  mention  of  six  physicians 
out  of  the  eight  I  looked  for.  The  missing  names 
of  M.D.S  are:  — Dr.  Oliver  Hakluyt,  1590;  Sii- 
Edward  Eadclyft',  physician  to  King  James  I. ;  Dr. 
Eobert  Eade,  1660;  Dr.  Hoogan  of  Lyme  Regis, 
1672 ;  Dr.  Cranmer  of  Kingston,  1716  :  Dr.  Chas. 
Chester,  1737.     It  would  be  interesting  to  know 


3>-d  S,  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


97 


wlietlier  these  omissions  are  due  to  the  imperfec- 
tion of  the  roll  or  of  the  editor.  .  Tewaks. 

TABLE-TrENiNG. — Have  the  spiritualists  noticed 
the  following  extraordinary  reason  which  Jeremy 
Bentham  gives  to  a  lady  of  Lord  Lansdowne's 
family  upon  his  delay  in  sending  her  a  note  ?  — 

"  I  had  scarce  put  the  seal  to  it  when  my  seven  tables, 
together  Avith  your  old  acquaintance  the  harpsichord,  and 
the  chairs  that  make  up  the  society,  set  up  a  kind  of 
saraband,  moving  circularly  round  the  centre  of  the 
room,  but  without  changing  their  relative  positions. 
They  composed  themselves,  however,  after  a  short  dance, 

nor  have  they  had  any  such  vagaries  since What 

was  the  object  of  this  extraordinary,  and  by  me  never- 
before-experienced  interposition,  I  submit  to  your  om- 
niscience." 

Bentham  apparently  wrote  this  from  a  farm- 
house at  Heudon  in  1788  or  1789.  See  Bentham's 
Works,  edited  by  Bowring,  vol.  x.  p.  187. 

Torches. — Can  any  of  your  correspondents  tell 
me  how  torches  were  usually  made  before  the 
introduction  of  lamps  and  gas  in  our  streets  ?  In 
a  recent  torch-light  procession  we  burnt,  in  iron 
sockets,  tow  dipped  in  paraffine  oil ;  but  they  very 
soon  burnt  out.  W.  H.  S. 

Yaxley. 

Old  Valentin  says  —  "  Non  omnes  dormiunt, 
qui  clausos  et  conniventes  habent  oculos."  Can 
you  give  me  any  information  as  to  who  the 
Valentin  is  that  says  this  ?  What  was  his  Chris- 
tian name  ?  An  exact  reference  to  the  quotation 
would  much  oblige  T.  H.  T. 

Whet. — Where  is  this  recommended  as  a  sure 
and  infallible  cure  for  rheumatism  ?  P.  J. 


The  Wooden  Horse. — 

"  Two  soldiers  were  this  day  (Thursdaj%  Dec.  19, 1644,) 
tried  for  running  away  from  their  colours.  The  one  was 
a  trooper,  and  was  sentenced  to  ride  the  wooden  horse  in 
the  Palace  of  Westminster,  and  to  have  two  muskets  tied 
with  match  to  each  leg,  and  there  to  sit  for  the  space  of 
one  hour;  and  the  sentence  against  the  other  was  re- 
spited." 

I  met  with  this  extract  in  the  King's  Pamphlets 
in  the  British  Museum,  E.  xvii.  No.  12,  4to.  I 
shall  be  glad  if  any  of  your  contributors  can  give 
an  account  of  this  military  punishment.  The 
name  of  the  soldier  is  stated.  He  was  a  trooper 
in  Sir  William  Waller's  forces.  G.  F.  T. 

[Eiding  the  wooden  horse  was  a  punishment  formerly 
much  in  use  in  different  military  services.  The  wooden 
horse  was  formed  of  planks  about  eight  or  nine  feet  long, 
nailed  together  so  as  to  form  a  sharp  ridge  or  angle  ;  this 
ridge  represented  the  back  of  the  horse  ;  it  was  supported 
by  four  posts  or  legs,  about  six  or  seven  feet  long,  placed 
on  a  stand  made  moveable  by  trucks  ;  to  complete  the 


resemblance,  a  head  and  tail  were  added.  At  length, 
riding  the  wooden  horse  having  been  found  to  injure  the 
men  materially,  and  sometimes  to  rupture  them,  it  was 
discontinued.  Grose's  Military  Antiquities,  ed.  1801, 
ii.  106,  where  there  is  an  engraving  of  it.] 

Mtjrillo's  Painting. — ''A view  in  the.  moun- 
tains of  the  Tevia  (or  Levia)  Norvice  in  Spain, 
the  ruins  of  a  convent,  in  which  is  introduced  the 
story  of  Daniel  in  the  lion's  den,  by  B.  Murrillio 
(or  -is),"  is  the  description,  and  a  tolerably  correct 
though  an  imperfect  one,  pasted  on  the  back  of  a 
picture  piu'chased  some  time  since  by  a  friend  of 
mine.  Could  any  reader  of  "N.  &  Q."  give  any 
information  as  to  the  painter  or  the  scene  of  the 
picture  ?  I  can  find  no  such  names  as  Levia  or 
Tevia  or  Norvice  in  the  Gazetteer.  E.  M. 

[The  locality  represented  in  the  picture  is  probably 
that  of  Sierra  Morena  (Brown  Mountain  Range),  which 
abuts  against  the  central  table-land  of  Spain  on  the  south, 
rising  above  it,  and  forming  a  natural  boundary  between 
Andalucia  and  the  provinces  of  La  Mancha  and  Estre- 
madui-a.  Most  dictionaries  contain  some  account  of  the 
celebrated  Spanish  painter,  Bartolome  Estevan  Murillo, 
and  a  catalogue  of  his  works  will  be  found  in  Stirling's 
Annals  of  the  Artists  of  Spain,  ed.  1848,  iii.  1413  to 
1448.] 

Evans's  ''Geography," — A  small  Geography 
(an  abridgment)  was  much  used  in  schools  about 
fifty  or  sixty  years  since,  and  it  was  a  most  able 

work,  written  by  a  Ptev.  •  Evans,  M.A.,  of 

some  proprietary  academy  near  London.  Can  any 
of  your  readers  supply  the  name  of  the  author  cor- 
rectly, and  whether  such  a  Geography  is  now  in 
print?  E.  P. 

[The  editor  of  An  Epitotne  of  Geography  (12mo,  1801, 
2nd  edit.  1802)  was  the  Rev.  John  Evans,  LL.D.,  well 
known  as  the  author  of  The  Sketch  of  the  Denominations  oj 
the  Christian  World,  of  which  no  less  than  100,000  copies 
were  circulated  during  his  life.  Mr.  Evans  conducted  a 
seminary  for  the  education  of  youth  at  No.  7,  Pullin's 
Row,  Islington,  and  was  pastor  of  a  congregation  of 
General  Baptists  meeting  in  Worship  Street,  Shoreditch. 
He  died  at  Islington  on  January  25,  1827.  His  Epitome 
of  Geography,  we  are  inclined  to  think,  can  only  now  be 
procured  from  the  second-hand  booksellers.  ] 

A  Query  for  Celts. — I  met  with  an  anecdote 
the  other  day  beginning  thus:  "A  negro  from 
Mountserat  or  Marigalente,  where  the  Hiberno- 
Celtic  is  spoken  by  all  classes."  Is  this  statement 
true,  and  where  is  the  place  ?  I  cannot  find  any 
mention  of  it  in  the  Geog)-apUcal  Dictionary. 

Va  Draighnen. 

[The  place  is  Montserrat,  one  of  the  Leeward  Islands, 
in  the  West  Indies,  where  in  1632  a  colony  of  Irish  set- 
tled, whose  descendants,  and  some  persons  from  other 
countries,  are  its  present  inhabitants ;  but  the  common 
language  is  Irish,  even  amongst  the  negroes.] 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67. 


Apostle  :  Revolxjxionists  of  Hollajn'd. — Mes. 
Irving  RorGEMOXi  requests  the  favour  of  answers 
to  the  following  questions :  — 

1.  How  man}'  requisites  were  necessary  to  con- 
stitute an  apostle  ? 

2.  "What  were  the  first  revolutionists  of  Holland 
called  ? 

65,  Gloucester  Terrace,  Hyde  Park. 

[1.  The  word  aTrocroAof  signifies  properly  an  ambas- 
sador or  messenger.  The  name  was  applied  primarily  to 
the  twelve  disciples  whom  our  Lord  selected  as  the  first 
preachers  of  his  Gospel.  The  apostles  of  the  circumcision 
were  called  the  Twelve,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
tribes  of  Israel.  Two  requisites  were  required  to  become 
a  member  of  this  college  of  apostles  :  namely,  lawful  cgm- 
mission,  and  a  personal  witness  of  the  whole  ministerial 
course  of  our  Lord  from  the  baptism  of  John  till  the  day 
when  He  was  taken  up  into  heaven.  (Matt,  xxviii.  18-20 ; 
Acts  i.  22.)  The  name,  however,  was  given  also  to  other 
preachers  of  the  Gospel,  who  assisted  the  apostles  pro- 
perlj'  so  called,  in  establishing  or  confirming  churches, 
such  as  St.  Paul,  St.  Barnabas,  Philip,  Titus,  Epaphro- 
ditus,  Androuicus,  and  Junia.  See  Bingham's  Antiqui- 
ties of  the  Christian  Church,  book  ii.  chap.  ii.  sect,  i., 
article  entitled  "  All  Bishops  at  first  called  Apostles." 

2.  Our  correspondent's  second  querj'  has  reference  pro- 
bably to  the  outbreak  in  Holland  in  loG6,  on  the  appoint- 
ment of  Margaret,  Duchess  of  Parma,  as  Governess  of 
the  Netherlands.  The  confederate  nobles  of  Brabant, 
headed  by  the  Baron  of  Brederode,  presented  a  petition 
to  the  Duchess  against  the  introduction  of  the  Inquisi- 
tion, on  which  occasion  one  of  her  council  called  the 
deputies  Gueux,  Beggai's.  At  a  feast  given  the  same 
evening  by  the  Baron  of  Brederode,  where  nearlj'  three 
hundred  guests  were  present,  the  expression  being  re- 
peated, was  eagerly  caught  np,  and  echoed  from  mouth 
to  mouth.  "  It  was  no  shame,"  they  said,  "  to  be  beg- 
gars for  their  country's  good."  "  Live  the  Gueux !  " 
resounded  from  all  sides  of  the  apartment.  Brederode 
appearing  shortly  after,  with  a  wooden  vessel  such  as 
pilgrims  and  mendicant  monks  were  wont  to  carry, 
pledged  the  whole  company  to  the  health  of  the"  Gueux," 
and  the  cup  went  cheerily  round.] 

Skinner    Familt.  —  William   Skimier,    mer- 
chant,   was   alderman^   and    in   1664    mayor,   of  j 
Kingston-upon-Hull.      "Was  he  the   brother    of  | 
Cyriack  {ante,  p.  12),  or  were  the  two  in  any  way  ' 
related  ?     One  of  the  alderman's  descendants  mar-  i 
ried  the  grandson  of  Admiral  Sir  Jeremiah  Smyth.  \ 
Perhaps  K.  P.  D.  E.   (''  Notices  to  Correspon-  ! 
dents,"  ante,  p.  48),  or  some  other  correspondent, 
■will  favour  me  with  direct  information,  for  which 
purpose  I  give  my  address. 

"W.  CONSITl  BorLTER. 

The  Park,  Hull. 

[According  to  the  pedigree  of  the  family,  Cj-riack 
Skinner  had  an  elder  brother  named  William;  but 
whether  he  became  Mayor  of  Kingston-upon-Hull  is  not  , 


certain.  Writing  from  memorj'  {ante,  p.  48)  we  stated 
that  the  pedigree  of  the  Skinners  of  Thornton  was  printed 
in  Joseph  Hunter's  work  on  Milton  ;  -we  find,  however,  it 
is  given  by  Dr.  Sumner  in  the  Preface  to  Milton's  Trea- 
tise of  Christian  Doctrine,  4to,  1825,  p., v.] 

Anecdote  respecting  the  ArTHOEizED  Ver- 
sion OE  THE  Bible. — In   Csesar  Morgan  On  the 
Trinity  of  Plato,  ed.  Holden,  p.  xi.  we  read  that 
one  of  the  translators  of  the  Bible,  on  hearing 
five  reasons  given  for  the  translation  of  a  certain 
j  passage  in  a  particular  way,   different  from  the 
I  rendering  in  the  Authorised  Version,   told   the 
j  fault-finder  that  the  five  reasons  to   which  he 
alluded  had  been  duly  weighed  by  the  transla- 
I  tors,  but  that  thirteen  others,  more"  forcible,  had 
induced  them  to  render  the  passage  as  it  stood  in 
the  then  new  translation.     Is  it  known  (1)  who 
was  the  translator  meant,  (2)  who  the  objector, 
(3)  what  the  passage,  (4)  what  the  reasons  on 
each  side  ?  '     P.  J.  F.  Gantillon, 

[The  anecdote  is  related  by  worthy  Izaak  Walton  in 
his  Life  of  Bishop  Sanderson,  who  has  not  given  us  the 
text  under  discussion.  He  tells  us  that  "  Dr.  Kilbie  was 
a  man  of  so  great  learning  and  wisdom,  and  so  excellent 
a  critic  in  the  Hebrew  tongue,  that  he  was  made  professor 
of  it  in  Oxford  University  ;  and  was  also  so  perfect  a  Gre- 
cian, that  he  was  by  King  James  appointed  to  be  one  of 
the  translators  of  the  Bible ;  and  that  this  Doctor  and 
Mr.  Sanderson  had  frequent  discourses,  and  loved  as 
father  and  son.  The  Doctor  was  to  ride  a  journey  into 
Derbyshire,  and  took  Mr.  Sanderson  to  bear  him  com- 
pany :  and  they  going  together  on  a  Sundav-  -vvith  the 
Doctor's  friend  to  that  parish  church  where  they  then 
were,  found  the  young  preacher  to  have  no  more  discre- 
tion than  to  waste  a  great  part  of  the  hour  allotted  for 
his  sermon  in  exceptions  against  the  late  translation  of 
several  words,  not  expecting  such  a  hearer  as  Dr.  Kilbie, 
and  showed  three  reasons  why  a  particular  word  should 
have  been  otherwise  translated.  When  Evening  Prayer 
was  ended,  the  preacher  was  invited  to  the  Doctor's 
friend's  house,  where  after  some  conference  the  Doctor 
toid  hun  '  He  might  have  preached  more  useful  doctrine, 
and  not  have  filled  his  auditors'  ears  with  needless  ex- 
ceptions against  the  late  Translation  :  and  for  that  word, 
for  which  he  offered  to  that  poor  congregation  three 
reasons  why  it  ought  to  have  been  translated  as  he  said, 
he  and  others  had  considered  aU  of  them,  and  found  thir- 
teen more  considerable  reasons  why  it  was  translated  as 
now  printed  : '  and  told  him,  '  If  his  friend,  then  at- 
tending him,  should  prove  guilty  of  such  indiscretion,  he 
should  forfeit  his  favour.'  To  which  Mr.  Sanderson  said, 
'  He  hoped  he  should  not.'  And  the  preacher  was  so  in- 
genuous as  to  say,  '  He  would  not  justifj-  himself.' "  Dr. 
Kilbie  was  one  of  the  seven  Oxford  divines  appointed  to 
translate  the  four  gi-eater  prophets,  with  the  Lamentations 
and  the  twelve  lesser  prophets.] 

BiBLiOTHECA  PiscATORiA. — In  the  BiograjMa 
Dramatica,  or  Companion  to  the  Playhouse  (edit. 


S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


99 


1812,  vol.  i.  Introduction  xiv.  and  p.  353),  I  find 
a  brief  notice  of  one  Jolin  Hoker,  who  in  1535  is 
said  to  have  written  a  piece  entitled  "  Piscator ; 
or  the  FisherCaught,"  but  which  was  not  printed. 
Is  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  acquainted  with  the 
whereabouts  of  this  MS.,  if  it  still  exists,  or  with 
the  nature  of  the  piece  ? 

Angling-book  collectors  may  feel  interested  in 
the  following  announcement  from  New  York  :  — 

"  Xearly  ready,  A  Bibliographical  Description  of  a 
Waltonian,  or  Fishing  Library.  Edition,  Three  Plundred 
Copies,  of  which  Fift}'  will  be  on  Large  Paper." 

T.  Westwood. 

[Of  Piscator,  or  the  Fisher  Caught,  Warton  (Hist,  of 
English  Poetry,  edit.  1840,  iii.  83),  says,  "  As  Latinity 
seems  to  have  been  the  author's  object,  I  suspect  this 
comedy  to  have  been  in  Latin,  and  to  have  been  acted 
\iY  the  youth  of  his  college."  The  late  president  of  Mag- 
dalen College  (Dr.  Eouth),  of  which  Hoker  was  fellow, 
informed  Dr.  Bliss  that  this  comedy  is  not  existing  among 
the  college  papers.  Wood's  AthencB,  edit.  1813,  i.  138, 
and"2f.  &Q."3'-'iS.  viii.  406.] 


PHILOLOGY  (POETUM). 
(3"J  S.  X.  494.) 
The  authority  for  the  use  of  this  word  is  equal 
to  that  which  can  be  claimed  for  the  more  fre- 
quent and  better-known  Tahacum.  Like  this  latter, 
it  is  a  Latinised  form  of  a  term  which  had  been 
given  to  the  herb  by  the  natives  of  one  of  those 
regions  in  which  it  was  originallj^  found.  De 
Bry,  in  his  Historia  Brasiliana,  1590,  says,  "  This 
plant  is  called  Petiin  by  the  Brasilians ;  "  and 
Cleland,  in  his  scarce  and  valuable  Essay  on  To- 
bacco (4to,  1840),  among  his  "  synonimes  of 
tobacco "  (forty-three  in  number),  has  "  Petum 
(Brazil),"  and  "Petmne  (Bohem.)."  Dr.  Everard, 
in  his  De  Herha  Panacea,  qucmi  alii  Tahacum, 
alii  Pettwi,  aid  Nicotianum  vocant  hrevis  Couunen- 
tariolus  (Ultraject.  1644),  says  — 

"  Hispanis  Petum  et  Tabaco  dicitur,  ab  ejus  nominis 
insula  in  qua  primb  inventa  est,  ubi  magna  copia  crescit, 
unde  et  nomen  sortita  est." — P.  14. 

So  also  in  the  prefatory  "Description  of  To- 
bacco "  (nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  close  trans- 
lation of  the  Tabacologia  of  Joan.  Neander),  which 
forms  half  of  the  little  volume  entitled  — 

"  Panacea  ;  or  the  Universal  Medicine,  being  a  Dis- 
covery of  the  Wonderfull  Vertues  of  Tobacco,  taken  in  a 
Pipe,  with  its  Operation  and  Use  both  in  Phi/sick  and 
Cliyriirgery,  12mo,  London,  1659,"  [we  read  J  "Those  of 
Peru  call  it  Petwi,  so  do  almost  all  the  people  that  live 
towards  the  Antartick  Pole,  or  Picielt  as  Monardus  holds, 
or  Perebecenuc,  as  Oviedus  will  have  it  (yet  this  is  not  the 
proper  name  for  Tobacco,  but  is  ascribed  to  some  other 
Itidiati  Plant  bv  authours,  and  it  differs  from  Tobacco,  as 
it  appears  to  me),"  &c.— P.  2. 

There  is  also  a  treatise  in  the  French  language. 


"  Instricction  sur  VHerhe  Petun,  par  J.  Goheri, 
8vo,  Paris,  1572."  The  French,  indeed,  have 
made  a  push  to  naturalise  the  word.  Scarron 
has  — 

"  Ce  ne  fut  quasi  que  tout  un, 
Fors  quelques  preneurs  de  petun  " 

(Virgile  travesti,  1.  6), 

and  elsewhere  inflects  it  as  a  verb  — 

"  Aujourd'huy  I'aueugle  Fortune 
Est  pour  qui  boit,  pour  qui  petune  ; 
Pour  le  ioueur,  pipeur  fut-il. 
Pour  le  poisson  du  mois  d'Auril,"  &c. 

"  Epistre  Chagrine  a  Monsieur  Rosteau." 
(CEuvres  de  Monsieur  Scarron,  1659). 
We  have  made  no  such  attempt,  so  far  as  I 
know,  to  introduce  the  word  into  our  own  verna- 
cular. By  the  modern  Latin  poets,  however,  it 
has  always  been  in  favour  as  a  convenient  spondee. 
To  the  ancients  of  the  classical  era  we  cannot, 
alas,  refer.  Auacreon  celebrated  the  God  of  Wine 
in  deathless  verse,  but  the  mantle  of  the  Teian  hung 
unused  upon  its  peg  for  some  two  thousand  years 
before  the  long  parturient  womb  of  Time  gave  birth 
to  this 

"  Brother  of  Bacchus,  later  born  "  — 

(as  Charles  Lamb  has  it) — to  seek  in  degenerate 
days  and  a  baser  dialect  for  a  worshipper  and  a 
laureate.  And  did  not  the  young  and  yet  part- 
known  godling  find  one  meet  in  thee  — 

"  Prime  pater  Pceti,  fumantum  gloria,  Thoui. 
Non  fiimum  ex  fulgore,  sed  ex  fumo  dare  lucem 
Cedule        .        .        .        .        .        .        .? " 

in  whose  Ilt/mnus  Tahaci — "  de  Pee  to  seu  Tabaco," 
(Lend.  1628),  we  may  find  the  constant  indift'erent 
use  of  the  two  words.  And  just  for  the  sake  of 
bringing  in  another  compound,  I  may  point  to 
some  elegant  hexameters  addressed  to  this  poet — 
"Juvenilia  llesegmina  in  Poctologiam  Raphael. 
Thorii,"  in  the  Momenta  Demltoria  of  Constantine 
Ilugenius,  Ilacjce  Com.  1655. 

By  the  way,  if  the  Muse  should  suggest  an 
epigram  to  ourselves,  are  we  to  write  "Tabacum" 
or  "  Tabacum  "  ?  The  latter  doubtless,  as  we 
accentuate  the  penultimate  vowel  in  our  Angli- 
cised word,  and  double  the  consonant.  Thorius 
has  it  always  long :  — 

"  Nee  pudent  certa  salvos  h.  morte  fateri 
Coelitus  ostenso  vitam  debere  Tabaco." 

Hyimius  Tahaci. 

Authorities  are,  however,  not  wanting  for  con- 
trary usage  ;  take  the  following  epigram  :  — 
"  Os  patris,  matris  nasum  te  dicit  habere 
Quilibet,  et  matri  par  similisqne  patri. 
Xec  mentitur  in  hoc.    Tabacum  bibit  ille,  bibisque  : 
Nare  trahit  tabacum  hfcc,  tu  quoque  nare  trahis." 

Among  my  Nicotiana  is  a  very  curious  book^ 
entitled  — 

"Eaptus  Ecstaticus  in  Montem  Parnassum,  in  eoque 
visus  Satyrorum  Lusus,  cum  Nasis  tabacophoris,  sive 
Satyricon  Novum  Physico-Medico-Morale  in  modernum 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'i  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  'C: 


tabaci  stemntatorii  abusum.     Autore  Joanne  Henrico 
Cohausen,  Hildesio  Saxone.    Amstel.  8vo,  1726." 

I  cite  this  to  enable  me  to  excerpt  from  the 
appendix  or  vocabulary  at  the  end  the  following 
explanations :  — 


"  Pcetum,  est  herbae  tabaci  synoninmm. 
rei  herbarije  scriptores  sic  appellata  hinc  varia  nova  voca- 
bula  deduxit  author. 

"  Pcetopota,  Pcetivendulus.  TJbi  nugi-  et  pcetivetidulus,  qui 
nugas  et  tabacum  habet  venalia, 

"  Poetonasi.  Xasi  poeto  indulgentes ;  vernacula,  Ta- 
backs-neuzen." 

A  great  deal  more  than  enough  has  been  said 
to  satisfy  Sciscitator  as  to  the  authority  for  the 
use  of  the  word  in  question,  and  if  he  has  conde- 
scended to  follow  my  demltoria  thus  far,  he  pro- 
bably regrets  that  he  ever  committed  himself  to 
the  question.  It  is  pleasant,  however,  to  gossip 
on  the  subject,  and  perhaps,  as  he  is  evidently  a 
reader  of  the  poems  of  the  simple-hearted  usher 
of  "Westminster,  he  may  like  to  meet  with  an  epi- 
gram from  a  collection  to  which  Bourne  himself 
was  a  contributor,  especially  as  it  is  headed  with 
the  name  of  another  great  pcetojjhilus :  — 

"  Aldriccius  nobis  nomen  memorabile,  Poeti 
Omnia  qui  novit  commoda,  sic  cecinit. 
Pcetum  mane  \-iget,  marcescit  nocte,  caditque : 
^  Prime  mane  viget  sic  homo,  nocte  cadit. 
Ut  redit  in  cineres  iucensum ;  mortuus  omnis 
Sic  redit  in  cineres,  sitque  quod  ante  fuit." 

Lusus  Westmonasterienses,  ed.  1770,  p.  24. 

Just  as  one  last  instance  of  the  use  of  the  word, 
I  may  point,  as  ample  authority  in  itself,  to  a 
"  Lemma,"  among  the  exquisite  Lenten  exercises 
of  the  Westminster  and  Eton  students  of  Christ 
Church,  known  as  the  Carmina  Quadrigemnalia, 
1723-48.  Here  the  question  is  discussed  "An 
Natura  agat  frusti-a  ?  Negatur."  For  the  lines 
following,  commencing  with  — 

"  Quot  bona  suppeditat  Pcetiun  mortalibus  segris  ?  " 
I  must  not  venture  to  ask  insertion,  and  refer  the 
curious  miso-  or  philo-tobaeist,  as  the  case  may  be, 
to  the  book  itself,  Wiilia3I  Bates. 

Birmmgham. 


RANDOLPH. 
(S'O  S.  X.  438,  458,  499.) 
The  recent  discussion  respecting  the  facts  of 
Thomas  Randolph's  life  prompts  me  to  transcribe 
the  fine  epitaph  which  is  engraved  on  his  tomb  in 
the  church  of  Blather wj-cke,  Xorthamptonshire, 
where  he  died  after  a  hard  drinking-bout  at  the 
hall,  then  the  residence  of  the  Staffords  :  — 

_ "  Memoria;  Sacrum  Thom^  Ra>-dolphi,  inter  pau- 
ciores  felicissimi  atque  facillimi  ingenii  juvenis,  nec- 
non  majora  promittentis,  si  fata  virum  non  invidissent 
sseculo. 

"  Here  sleepe  thirteene  together  in  one  tombe. 
And  all  these  great,  yet  quarrell  not  for  rome. 
The  Muses  and  the  Graces  here  did  meete, 
And  graved  these  letters  on  the  churlish  sheete  : 


Who,  having  wept  their  fountains  diy, 

Through  the  conduit  of  the  eye, 

For  their  Friend  who  here  doth  lye, 

Crept  into  his  grave  and  dyed. 

And  soe  the  riddle  is  untyed. 

For  which  this  Church,"  proud  that  the  Fates   be- 
queath 

Unto  her  ever  honoured  trust 

Soe  much  and  that  soe  precious  dust, 

Hath  twined  her  temples  with  an  Ivy  wreath  : 

"Which  should  have  laurel  been. 

But  that  the  grieved  plant,  to  see  him  dead, 

Took  pet  and  withered. 

"  Cujus  cineres  bre\'i  hac   (qua  potuit)  immortalitate 

donat  Christophoms  Hatton,  Miles  de  Balneo  et  Musarum 

amator,  illius  vero,  quem  deflemus,  supplenda  carrainibus, 

qu£e  marmoris  et  reris  scandalum  mauebunt  perpetuum." 

It  was  not  imreasonably  conjectured  among  the 
local  antiquaries  that  Ben  Jonson  composed  this 
epitaph  on  his  friend  and  boon  companion.  It 
appears,  however,  from  Wood's  Athenw  Oxonienses, 
that  the  verses  were  the  work  of  Randolph's 
friend,  Peter  Hausted  of  Cambridge. 

Knowing  that  some  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
are  fond  of  such  trifles,  I  submit  to  their  judg- 
ment an  attempt  to  render  the  verses  into  Latin 
hexameters :  — 

"  Tres  simul  atque  decern  nunc  cippus  contegit  unus, 
Illustres  omnes,  sed  nee  nimis  arcta  querentes 
Busta  dari.     Tu  sic  solvas  fenigmata,  si  non 
Certa  loquor  :  nempe  hoc  Muste,  Charitesque  sorores 
Convenere  loco  ;  turn  quas  nunc  cernis  iniqua 
Literulas  urna  sculpserunt ;  atque  ita,  fontes 
Postquam  siccarant,  lacrimarum,  tramite  moUi, 
Deductos  oculis,  capiti  libamina  caro, 
Commune  hoc  una  petierunt  morte  sepulcrum. 
Quocirca  magni  reputans  quod  fata  tulissent 
Tantos  tamque  graves  cineres,  dulcissima  curse 
Et  fidei  monumenta  susb  dum  sfficla  manebunt, 
Xostra  caput  contorta  hedera  circumdedit  cedes  : 
Et  lauro  sane,  virides  nisi  laurii's  (acerbum 
Indignata  viri  casum)  posuisset  honores." 

C.  G.  Peowett. 

Garrick  Club. 


JUNIUS:  Q.  IX  THE  CORXER. 
(3'<*  S.  xi.  36.) 
I  have  great  pleasure  in  responding  to  Me. 
WiXKiys's  appeal  in  your  impression  of  the  12th 
inst.  respecting  Junius,  though  I  am  afraid  that  I 
cannot  give  a  full  answer  to  the  question  asked. 
I  have  examined  the  Treasury  Minute  Books  for 
the  year  1770,  and  find  there  "the  deliberations  of 
their  lordships  upon  the  appointment  of  Surveyors 
of  White  Pines  in  America.  I  have  extracted 
them,  and  your  readers  wiU  find  them  printed  at 
length  at  the  end  of  this  note.  There  seems  to  be 
no  mention  of  a  noble  lord  interfering  to  prevent 
Mrs.  Allanby  being  browbeaten  on  examinatior, 
but  it  is  possible  that  this  may  appear  from  the 
informations  and  examinations  which  these  Minutes 
refer  to  as  being  deposited  among  the  papers  of 
the  Treasury.  I  will  have  a  hunt  for  them  ere 
long;    they' may  tell  us  something  important. 


3'd  S.  XL  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


101 


However,  the  accompanying  extract  may  perhaps 
"be  of  service  to  Me.  Wilkins  until  I  can  find 
something  more  to  the  purpose. 

One  thing  with  regard  to  Junius  is  very  strange, 
and  I  hope  and  believe  that  some  day  it  will  be 
explained — how  did  he  get  his  intelligence  of 
Treasury  transactions,  which  he  says,  and  I  think 
truly,  that  he  drew  ''from  first  sources  and  not 
from  the  common  falsities  of  the  day  "  ?  To  ob- 
tain such  information  as  Junius  possessed  could 
only  be  done  by  a  Treasury  employe ;  or,  if  not, 
treachery  was  at  work  somewhere.  Your  corre- 
spondent Mk.  Wilkins,  who  in  a  former  com- 
munication opened  or  suggested  the  best  clue  to 
Junius  which  has  ever  been  thought  of,  may  per- 
haps be  able  to  enlighten  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
upon  this  point. 

Junius  will  one  day  tura  up  in  liroprid  pey'sond, 
I  feel  satisfied.  Sources  of  information  are  now 
open  to  us  which  were  unknown  to  former  com- 
mentators on  the  subject;  and,  if  we  work  them 
well,  the  fox  will  be  unearthed,  and  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  will  be  in  at  the  death. 

"  Whitehall,  Treasury  Chambers,  6th  June,  1770. 
"  Present : 
"Lord  North,  Mr.  Jenkinson,  Mr.  Dyson, 
Mr.  Townshend. 

"  My  Lords  take  into  consideration  the  appointment  of 
Surveyors  of  White  Pines  in  America. 

"  Eead  the  Report  and  Order  of  Council  in  regard  to 
the  preservation  of  White  Pine  Trees  in  America,  and 
directing  this  Board  to  give  tlie  necessary  orders  for  car- 
rying the  same  into  execution. 

"  Lord  North  informs  my  Lords  that  he  has  been  given 
to  understand  that  some  undue  and  improper  methods  have 
been  made  use  of  in  order  to  procure  appointments  to  these 
offices,  and  that  he  is  of  opinion  that  enquiry  should  be 
made  into  the  matter  before  the  Board  ;  and  he  further 
informs  my  Lords  that  Mr.  Bradshaw  having  heard  that 
his  name  "had  been  mentioned  in  the  informations  re- 
ceived concerning  this  business,  and  that  he  is  desirous 
that  the  enquiry  may  be  entered  into  immediate^,  as  he 
understands  the  person  by  whom  his  name  had  been  so 
mentioned  was  upon  the  point  of  embarking  for  America. 

"  ]\[y  Lords  direct  that  Mrs.  Allanby  and  Mr.  .John 
Patterson,  who  are  ready,  as  their  Lordships  are  made 
acquainted,  to  give  information  touching  this  matter,  be 
desired  to  attend  this  Board  to-morrow  morning. 

"  AVhitehall,  Treasury  Chambers,  7th  June,  1770. 
"Present: 
"  Lord  North,  Mr.  Jenkinson,  Mr.  Dyson, 
Mr.  Townsliend. 

"Mrs.  Allanby  attends  and  is  called  in;  and  being 
acquainted  by  my  Lords  that  they  have  been  given  to 
understand  that  she  complains  tliat  her  husband,  Mr. 
Allanby,  had  been  disappointed  of  the  office  of  one  of  the 
Surveyors  of  the  White  Pines  in  America  by  some  im- 
proper methods  said  to  have  b^en  practised  for  procuring 
appointments  to  such  offices,  and  that  my  Lords  are 
ready  to  hear  anything  .she  mav  have  to  say  on  that  sub- 
ject : 

"  She  informs  my  Lords  of  all  she  knows  or  has  heard 
relative  to  the  matter,  and  is  examined  in  order  to  ex- 
plain some  parts  of  her  information.     ( Vide  her  informa- 


tion and  examination  deposited  among  the  papers  of  this 
Office.) 

"  Mrs.  Allanby  having  informed  my  Lords  that  she 
had  met  Mr.  Pugh  this  morning  on  the"  Parade,  and  that 
upon  telling  him  she  was  going  to  attend  the  Board  upon 
j  this  matter,  he  said  he  Avas  ready  and  willing  to  attend  if 
called  upon,  and  my  Lords  being  made  acquainted  that 
Mr.  Pugh  was  actually  waitmg  in  order  to  be  called  in. 

"  Let  Mr.  Pugh  be  told  that  if  he  thinks  fit  to  attend 
to-morrow  morning,  my  Lords  will  be  ready  to  hear  any- 
thing he  may  have  to  say. 

"  Mr.  John  Patterson  attends  and  is  called  in. 

"  My  Lords  acquaint  him  that  he  is  desired  to  attend 
the  Bo'ard  to  explain  a  transaction  in  which  he  is  said  to 
have  been  concerned  in  making  an  offer  of  money  for  ob- 
taining an  appointment  to  one  of  the  intended  offices  of 
Surveyor  of  the  White  Pines  in  North  America. 

"The  minutes  of  Mrs.  AUanby's  information  are  read 
to  him,  and  he  is  heard  thereupon,  and  relates  to  my 
Lords  all  he  knows  relative  to  the  said  transaction,  an"d 
is  examined  touching  the  same.  ( Vide  his  information 
and  examination  deposited  as  before.) 

"  Whitehall,  Treasury  Chambers,  8th  June,  1770. 

"Present: 

'•  Lord  North,  Mr.  Jenkinson,  Mr.  Dyson, 

Mr,  Townshend. 


"  Mr.  Pugh  attends  and  is  called  in. 

"He  acquaints  my  Lords  that  he  would  be  glad  to 
know  if  any  person  had  reflected  on  him  or  his  character. 

"  Mr.  Patterson's  examination  is  read  to  him,  and  he 
is  heard  thereon  and  withdraws. 

"  Mr.  Pugh  is  called  in  again,  and  being  asked  whether 
he  wished  that  Mr.  Patterson  should  be  called  in  in  order 
to  ask  him  any  questions  before  the  Board,  he  desired 
Mr.  Patterson  might  be  called  in. 

"  Mr.  Patterson  is  called  in  accordingl}',  and  answers 
Mr.  Pugh's  questions. 

"  Mr.  Pugh  and  Mr.  Patterson  withdraw. 

"  Mr.  Bradshaw  acquainted  the  Board  that  he  never 
heard  nor  suspected  that  any  money  had  been  offered  to 
his  sister  till  one  day  last  week,  when  Mr.  Patterson,  in 
consequence  of  being  told  by  Mr.  Cooper  that  Lord  North 
had  been  informed  of  an  improper  transaction,  in  which 
he  was  said  to  be  concerned,  in  order  to  procure  one  of  the 
offices  of  Surveyor  of  White  Pines,  came  to  Mr.  Bradshaw, 
and  gave  him"  an  account  cf  the  whole  affair.  That  he 
immediate^  sent  for  his  sister,  and  upon  his  taxing  her 
with  it,  she  gave  him  a  narrative,  a  letter  from  Mr.  Pat- 
terson to  her,  and  her  answer  to  it,  all  which  he  de- 
livered into  the  Board.  He  also  acquainted  my  Lords  that 
he  obtained  from  Mr.  Patterson  a  note  from  his  sister  to 
Mr.  Pugh,  together  with  a  co^j  of  a  second  letter  from 
Mr.  Patterson  to  her,  and  her  answer  thereto,  which  he 
also  delivered  in. 

"  All  tliese  papers  are  read. 

"  And  with  respect  to  the  allegation  in  the  last  of  them 
that  his  sister  was  not  upon  terms  to  speak  with  liim, 
Mr.  Bradshaw  desired  to  assure  the  Board  that  there 
never  was  the  smallest  difference  between  his  sister  and 
him  ;  for  as  he  was  ignorant  of  the  motives  upon  which 
she  had  recommended  Mr.  Patterson,  he  had  no  reason  to  be 
angry  with  her,  but  had  only  told  her  that  he  would 
never  take  npon  him  to  recommend  any  person  to  the 
Duke  of  Grafton ;  and  that  in  truth  she  has  been  as  often 
at  his  house  within  the  last  twelve  montlis,  as  she  was 
used  to  be  at  any  time  within  these  twelve  years  past. 

"  It  appears  to  my  Lords  that  Mr.  Bradshaw  was  not 
in  any  respect  privy  to  the  negociation  alleged  to  have 
been  carried  on  by  Mr.  Pugh  and  Mr.  Patterson  with  his 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3»«S.XI.  rEB.2,'67. 


sister  Miss  Bradshaw,  and  that  there  is  no  foundation  for 
any  imputation  upon  Mr.  Bradshaw. 

"  Transmit  the  aforegoing  examinations  to  Mr.  Attorney 
and  Sollicitor-General,  and  desire  their  opinion  whether 
there  appears  to  them  to  be  in  the  said  examinations 
sufficient  matter  for  grounding  any  prosecution  against 
any  person   therein  mentioned;   and   as   Mrs.  Allanby, 
whose  evidence  maj"^  be  necessary  in  case  it  be  thought 
right  to  institute  any  prosecution,  is  on  the  point  of  em- 
barking for  America  with  her  family,  and  waits  in  Eng- 
land on  this  account  only,  my  Lords  desire  their  opinion 
upon  the  question  with  all  convenient  dispatch. 
"  Whitehall,  Treasukt  Chambers,  12th  June,  1770. 
"  Present : 
"  Lord  North,  Mr.  Jenkinson,  Mr,  Dyson, 
Mr.  Townshend. 

"  Eead  the  Report  of  the  Attorney  and  Sollicitor-Gene- 
ral upon  the  examination  of  Mrs.  Allanby,  Mr.  Patterson, 
and  Mr.  Pugh,  in  which  they  give  it  as  their  opinion  that 
no  prosecution  can  be  grounded  upon  the  facts  as  they 
stand,  because,  though  it  be  sufficiently  immoral  to  soUi- 
cit  another  to  commit  a  misdemeanour,  j^et  where  the 
crime  has  not  been  actually  committed,  the  meer  act  of 
soUiciting  it  is  not  a  substantial  offence  in  estimation  of 
law. 

"  The  Board  being  acquainted  that  Mrs.  Allanby  is  de- 
sirous to  hear  the  minutes  of  the  evidence  given  hy  Mr. 
Patterson  and  Mr.  Pugh  on  Friday  last  read  over  to  her, 
in  order  that  if  they  contradict  her  account,  she  might 
have  an  opportunitj'  of  being  confronted  with  them,  and 
that  she  is  attending  for  that  purpose  ;  she  is  called  in. 

"Mr.  Pugli's  and  Mr.  Patterson's  examinations  are 
severally  read  to  her,  and  she  is  heard  thereupon.  (  Vide 
her  observations  and  examination  deposited  as  before.) 

"  Mr.  Pugh,  at  the  desire  of  Mrs.  Allanby,  is  called  in 
and  confronted  with  her. 

"Mr.  Bradshaw  then  asked  him,  whether  he  had  ever 
heard  that  he  was  to  have  received  any  money  ? 

"  Mr.  Pugh  said,  No. 

"  Mr.  Bradshaw  asked  him,  whether  he  had  reason  to 
think  that  he,  Mr.  Bradshaw,  knew  of  his  sister's  being  to 
have  money  ? 

"  Mr.  Pugh  said.  No,  never,  and  he  had  said  so  before. 

"  Mr.  Bradshaw  asked  him,  whether  he  had  reason  to 
think  he  ever  gave  advice,  or  entered  into  a  plan  with 
Mr.  Fitzherbert  for  procuring  Mr.  Patterson  to  be  recom- 
mended to  the  office  ? 

"  He  answered.  None  in  the  world. 

"  Mrs.  Allanby  and  Mr.  Pugh  withdraw." 

W.  H.  Hart,  F.S.A. 

Folkestone  House,  Eoupell  Park,  Streatham,  S. 


I  think  that  I  can  give  the  Franciscans  a  nut 
to_  crack.  Sir  P.  Francis  furnished  Almon  in  1791 
with  the  report  of  a  speech  spoken  by  Lord  Chat- 
ham on  the  motion  on  the  address  delivered  at 
the  opening  of  the  session,  Januavy  9,  1770.  It 
contained  these  words  — 

"  That  the  Americans  had  purchased  their  liberty  at  a 
dear  rate,  since  they  had  quitted  their  native  country, 
and  gone  in  search  of  freedom  to  a  desert." 

Jimius  once  wrote,  "  They  left  their  native  land 
in  search  of  freedom,  and  found  it  in  a  desert." 

It  is  said  that  Sir  P.  Francis  wrote  the  Letters 
of  Junius  because  the  same  expression  occurs  in 
one  of  them  and  in  the  report  of  a  speech  spoken 
by  Lord  Chatham  and  reported  by  Francis. 


If  this  proves  anything,  it  surely"  proves  that 
Chatham,  rather  than  Francis,  was  the  author  of 
the  Letters.  The  Franciscans  are  not  aware  that 
the  expression  occurs  in  the  celebrated  letter  to 
the  king  printed  under  date  December  19,  1769 ; 
twenty-one  days  before  that  it  was  borrowed 
without  acknowledgment  by  Chatham.  Suhlato 
fundamento  tollitur  opus.  The  report  of  this 
speech  was  the  vnepcpepi^^  k'mv  of  the  Franciscan 
superstructure. 

Again,  in  the  same  speech,  Lord  Chatham  is 
represented  as  saying  — 

"  That  on  this  principle  he  had  himself  advised  a  mea- 
sure which  he  knew  was  not  strictly  legal,  but  he  had 
recommended  it  as  a  measure  of  necessity  to  save  a  starv- 
ing people  from  famine,  and  had  submitted  to  the  judg- 
ment of  his  country." 

Junius  is  said  to  have  copied  these  words  when 
he  wrote  in  his  60th  Letter,  October  15,  1771  — 

"  My  Lords,  I  knew  this  proclamation  was  illegal,  but 
I  advised  it  because  it  was  indispensably  necessary  to 
save  the  kingdom  from  famine,  and  I  submit  myself  to 
the  justice  and  mercy  of  my  countr}'." 

On  this  occasion  Junius  reiterated  himself.  He 
had  written  as  "Poplicola  "  on  May  28,  1767  — 

"  Another  gentleman  upon  that  occasion  had  spirit  and 
patriotism  enough  to  declare,  even  in  a  respectable  as- 
sembh^  that  when  he  advised  the  proclamation  he  did  it 
with  the  strongest  conviction  of  its  being  illegal,  but  he 
risked  his  defence  upon  the  unavoidable  necessity  of  the 
case,  and  submitted  himself  to  the  judgment  of  his 
country." 

The  context  shows  that  this  gentleman  was  not 
the  Earl  of  Chatham.  The  undoubted  facts  of  the 
case  are  these : — Junius  published  antecedently, 
upon  two  separate  occasions,  two  distinct  and  un- 
connected paragraphs,  which  Lord  Chatham  sub- 
sequently imported  into  one  speech,  according  to 
the  report  of  it  taken  by  Francis  and  published 
from  his  notes. 

Will  any  Franciscan  explain  to  me  how  the 
fact  of  Francis  having  reported  a  speech  of  Lord 
Chatham's,  in  which  he  borrowed  tv/o  periods 
from  Junius,  proves  that  Francis  wrote  the  two 
letters  from  which  these  periods  were  taken  ? 

John  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 


PIFFERARI. 
(3''>  S.  X.  474.) 
These  musicians  go  about  the  streets  of  the 
Italian  cities  at  Christmas,  singing  what  we  should 
call  "  Carols."  There  are  always  three,  and  some- 
times more.  One  plays  a  small  sort  of  pipe  with 
a  reed  like  that  of  an  ohoe,  one  a  large  bagpipe  or 
zampogna,  and  the  third  sings.  The  drone  of  the 
bagpipe  is  the  bass.  I  have  before  me  the  most 
popular  of  all  their  songs,  which  I  brought  over 
from  Rome.  It  has  been  written  out  by  the  Ger- 
man composer  Laudsberg,  and  is  in  A  four  flats. 


3'd  S.  XI,  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


103 


The  time  is  f ,  and  it  i3  marked  Allegretto,  thougli 
played  mucli  faster  than  would  suit  our  notions 
of  that  time.  The  motion,  however,  strongly 
resembles  those  of  the  alia  Siciliana  of  both  Handel 
and  Corelli ;  but  these  last  are  usually  played  very 
much  slower.  Let  me  only  instance  the  "  Let  me 
wander  "  of  tlie  former  in  L' Allegro  and  II  Ten- 
seroso,  and  the  celebrated  finale  in  G  major  in  the 
violin  solo  of  the  latter.  As  we  all  know,  the 
''  Pastoral  Symphony  "  in  the  Messiah  is  marked 
Larghetto,  and  played  very  slow. 

The    Cantata   clei  Pifferari  which  I   allude  to 
begins  with  a  chord,  and  then  a  short  prelude  of 
the  air  itself.     Then  commences  the   canto,  the 
words  of  which  are  as  follows  :  — 
"  Tu  Vergiue  e  figlia  di  Sant'  Anna, 
Clie  in  ventre  tuo  portasti  il  buon  Gesii ; 
Che  in  ventre,  i'C. 

Eitomello  e  Adagio. 
E  '1  partoristi  sotto  capennella, 
Dove  mangiava  il  bue  e  1'  assinella  ; 
Dove,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
Gl'  Angeli  chiamvan  Venite  Santi ! 
Nato  h  Gesii  bambino  alia  capanna  ; 
Nato  e,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
E  San  Giuseppe,  e  Sant'  Anastasia, 
Si  trovarono  al  parte  di  Maria; 
Si  trovarono,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
Venite  tutti,  quanti  voi  pastori, 
Venite  a  visitar  Nostro  Signore  ; 
Venite,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
La  Notte  di  Natale  e  tempo  santo 
Al  Padre,  al  Figluolo,  e  Spirto  Santo  ; 
Al  Padre,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c. 
Quest'  Orazione  clie  abbiam  cantata 
A  Gesii  bambino  e  rappresentata  ; 
A  Gesii,  &c. 

Eitomello,  &c." 
The  Eitomello  is  a  variation  of  the  same  air, 
but  played  in  quick  triplets.  Then  follows  an 
Adagio,  which  is  played  very  slowly,  and  which 
begins  with  two  bars,  in  -J  time.  Then  there  are 
two  in  I  time  ;  one  more  in  ^,  two  in  |,  and  then 
twenty  in  f  time.  The  effect  is  most  quaint  and 
pleasing,  though  a  musical  ear  longs  for  some 
better  bass  than  a  perpetual  droning   dominant 

The  learned  archaeologists  of  Rome  suppose 
these  cantate  to  have  been  the  successors  of  the 
songs  of  the  shepherds  and  hunters  who  used  to 
come  down  into  the  city  of  Rome  to  chant  the 
praises  of  Diana :  — 

"  Qua  Sfepe  solebas 
Stridenti  stipula  miserum  disperdere  carmen." 

Be  this  as  it  may,  the  airs  are  probably  of  the 
remotest  antiquity.  The  words,  however,  cannot 
be  very  early,  as  they  name  Sant'  Anastasia. 
Perhaps  some  other  readers  may  be  enabled  to 
give  farther  information  on  the  subject.       A.  A. 

Poets'  Comer. 


BLOOD  IS  THICKEE  THAN  WATEB. 
(3^1  S.  xi,  34.) 

First  it  is  necessary  to  determine  thes.  right 
meaning  of  a  proverb.  I  do  not  know  how  The 
Times  used  this  in  the  way  of  argumet^t ;  but 
strictly  I  take  it  to  mean  that  blood  relations  are 
closer  and  better  to  a  man  than  the  outer  world. 
It  is  an  old-world  protest  against  modern  cosmo- 
politanism and  universal  benevolence,  that  spreads 
as  far  and  is  as  weak  and  useless  as  the  threads  of 
a  summer  gossamer.  A  brother  is  better  than  a 
sti-auger,  that  is  the  pith  of  it ;  and  you  are  to 
show  him  all  manner  of  aftectionate  and  honest 
preference.  Let  us  try  to  make  the  proverb  fit  this. 
Blood  stands  in  it  for  traceable  and  admitted  con- 
sanguinity— water  for  the  colourless  and  chilled 
fluid  that  flows  through  the  veins  of  the  rest  of 
mankind,  who  are  hojnines  homini  liqn.  The  cold 
interest  they  take  in  the  well-being  of  a  stranger 
causes  the  fluid  coursing  through  their  hearts  to 
appear  to  the  proverb-maker  all  one  with  water. 
Water,  too,  in  our  early  writers,  was  symbolical  of 
looseness,  inattachment,  falsity.  Take  that  pas- 
sage in  ITetiry  VIII.  Act  II.  Sc,  2 :  — 

"  .  .  .  .  for  these  you  make  friends, 
And  give  j-our  hearts  to,  when  they  once  perceive 
The  least  rub  in  your  fortunes,  fall  away 
Like  water  from  ye,  never  found  again 
But  where  they  mean  to  sink  ye." 
"  She  was  false  as  water." — Othello,  Act  V.  Sc.  2. 
"  Unstable  as  water,"  is  the  Scripture  phrase. 
In  Timo7i  of  Athens  it  is  called  "  too  weak  to  be  a 
sinner."  So  much  for  the  meaning  of  "  water." 
As  for  ''  thicker,"  it  signifies  greater  consistency 
and  substance.  Hence  closeness  of  attachment 
and  adhesiveness.  "  As  thick  as  thieves,"  as  close 
as  bad  men  are  when  banding  for  evil  enterprise. 
Blood  is  always  thought  binding.  Conspirators 
have  signed  to  the  bond  with  their  own  blood; 
similarly,  martyrs  their  attestation  of  the  truth. 
It  is  a  stock  phrase  with  historians,  "  He  ce- 
mented the  imion  of  the  two  families  by  marriage 
and  all  the  ties  of  blood  "  ;  and  to  quit  metaphor 
for  a  physical  fact,  the  blood  as  well  as  the  hair 
of  oxen  has  been  used  to  bind  mortar  and  give  it 
greater  consistency  than  mere  water  will,  as  is 
reported  on  the  White  Tower_  of  the  Tower  of 
London.  How  appropriate  then!  How  remote 
from  absitrclity  is  the  deep  old  proverb,  holding 
tight  by  stubborn  fact,  and  yet  true  to  subtlest 
analogy  !  Beware  of  pronouncing  a  proverb  mean- 
ingless ;  corruption  of  the  market,  evil  use,  and 
the  lapse  of  time,  may  have  obscured  it  somewhat, 
but  a  right  reading  will  ever  bring  it  back  to 
reason,  and  perhaps  even  disclose  to  view  a  thing 
full  of  human  pregnancy  and  beautiful  insight. 

C.  A.  W. 

In  this  adage  the  word  thick  is  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  it  is  in  the  phrase  "  a  thick-set  hedge," 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3^1  S.  XL  Feb.  2,  'G7. 


cZo.se  or  near.  The  meaning  of  the  saying  is  that 
relations  by  blood  or  consanguinity  are  nearer  than 
those  connected  only  by  what  Lord  Stair  styles 
ecclesiastical  affinity,  i.  e.  the  relation  between  god- 
fathers or  godmothers  and  those  for  whom  they 
have  stood  sponsors  in  the  sacrament  of  baptism. 
By  the  canon  law,  inter-marriages  between  per- 
sons standing  in  these  relations  and  in  the  nearer 
degrees  of  their  descendants  were  forbidden  almost 
as  strictly  as  in  those  of  the  former  class. 

George  Verb  Irving, 


"ANECDOTES  OF  CEANBOURNE  CHASE,"  BY 
WILLIAM  CHAFIX,  CLERK.  (2nd  Ed.  Nichols, 
London,  1818.) 

(3"i  S.  X.  494.) 

This  little  volume,  which  Sir  Walter  Scott  in- 
tended to  have  reviewed  in  the  Quarterly,  from 
its  merits  as  the  literary  production  of  a  fox- 
hunting parson  in  the  last  centurj^,  has  happily 
been  again  brought  before  the  public  in  "  N.  &  Q-/' 
supplemented  by  the  Editor  with  a  brief  memoir 
of  the  author.  The  Eev.  William  Chafin,  M.A., 
was  rector  of  Lidlinch,  co.  Dorset,  not  "  Red- 
linch,"  as  he  states,  and  died,  set.  86,  at  Chettle, 
in  1818 ;  a  mansion-house,  or  rather  a  substan- 
tial brick  edifice,  so  unpicturesque  that  even 
George  Robins  failed  to  gild  it  in  his  puft-adver- 
tisement  at  the  sale  of  the  property  after  Chafin's 
decease.  The  best  he  could  say  was,  "in  the 
style  of  Sir  John  Vanbrugh,"  an  architect  for 
whose  grave  this  epitaph  was  said  to  have  been 
composed :  — 

"  Lie  heaw  on  liim,  earth,  for  he 
Laid  many  a  heavj-  load  on  thee." 
On  the  borders  of  the  Chase,  not  far  from 
Chettle,  is  the  mansion  of  the  Sturts,  Critchill, 
occupied  by  the  Prince  Regent  at  the  time  he 
went  over  to  Chafin,  the  magistrate  in  that  dis- 
trict, to  obtain  a  search  warrant  for  stolen  goods. 
Critchill  was  vacant  through  the  absence  of 
Humphrey  Sturt,  like  his  neighbour  Chafin, 
"  mad  after  sport,"  a  modern  Actaeon  that  was 
eaten  up  at  last  by  his  own  dogs,  or,  as  was  said  of 
a  celebrated  Irish  fox-hunter — 

"  Owen  More  has  run  away. 
Owing  more  than  he  can  pay." 
It  was  during  Humphrey's  absence  that  Crit- 
chill was  let  to  the  Prince^Regent  as  a  hunting 
seat  in  th;^  noted  sporting  county  of  Dorset. 
During  his  brief  sojourn  among  us,  there  were 
several  curious  stories  current  about  the  royal 
visitor,  besides  the  remarkable  circumstance  re- 
corded by  Chafin.  But  before  I  touch  on  these,  let 
me  finish  the  local  history  of  the  author  of  Cran- 
horne  Chase.  Chettle  was  not  the  mansion  of  his 
ancestors  till  about  the  year  IGIO.  At  that  date 
the  Chafins  removed  from  Folke,  where  they  had 
previously  settled  in   the   manorhouse   as  land- 


owners in  the  parish,  and  patrons  of  the  rector}', 
and  of  the  rectory  of  Lidlinch,  a  few  miles  further 
on,  in  the  Vale  of  Blackmoor,  The  Rev.  William 
Chafin  was  incumbent  of  Lidlinch,  whilst  the 
Rev.  Robert  Froome,  a  near  connection  of  the 
family,  held  Folke,  and  was  curate  to  Mr.  Chafin, 
who  resided  at  Chettle,  for  the  parish  of  Lidlinch, 
Robert  Froome's  wife  was  Miss  Butler,*  an  old 
Dorsetshire  family,  sister  of  the  noted  hunting 
parson  called  to  this  day  by  fox-hunters  "  Billy 
Butler,"  to  distinguish  him  from  his  brother 
"  Tom  Butler,"  a  clergyman  in  the  Vale,  of  some 
literary  and  scientific  eminence  in  days  when 
Dorsetshire  parsons  were  not  remarkable  for  learn- 
ing. My  knowledge  of  these  and  other  circum- 
stances connected  with  bygone  history  as  to  the 
Vale  of  Blackmoor  is  derived  from  personal  in- 
formation ;  for  I  was  myself,  about  1820,  a  curate 
in  that  district,  and  was  intimately  acquainted 
with  the  principal  families,  lay  or  clerical,  in  every 
part  of  the  Vale,  especially  with  Bob  Froome  and 
Billy  Butler. 

It  was  the  fashion  in  the  beginning  of  this 
century  to  call  everybody  by  the  abbreviation  of 
their  "Christian  name,  particularly  when  there 
happened  to  be  several  brothers  in  a  family. 
Hence  the  Rev.  William  Butler  was  always  called 
"  Billy."  I  am  not  sure  that  he  did  not  get  the 
name  from  the  author  of  Cranhorne  Chase,  with 
whom  he  was  on  the  most  friendly  terms,  from 
congeniality  in  taste,  even  to  "  hunting  rats  on  a 
new  principle."  The  proof  of  my  assertion  would 
be  too  long  a  story  for  "N.  &  Q."  But  I  would 
crave  space  to  show  that  Billy  Butler  had  a 
talent  for  anecdotes  in  conversation,  though  he 
lacked  the  literary  merit  of  William  Chafin,  ac- 
knowledged by  Sir  Walter  Scott  a  story-teller 
par  excellence. 

Among  other  post-prandial  tales  which  Butler 
was  wont  to  narrate  at  the  social  board  of  fox- 
hunting squires,  was  his  first  introduction  to  the 
Prince  Regent,  after  he  came  to  reside  at  Crit- 
chill. Without  pretending  to  catch  the  fluent 
delivery  of  the  jolly  sportsman,  or  to  depict  the 
brilliancy  that  lighted   up  liis   handsome  coun- 

*  Rev.  Robert  Froome,  Rector  of  Folke,  married  Miss 
Butler;  his  sister  Mary,  lve\%  P.  Hawker,  Vicar  of 
Wareham — all  for  many  years  the  most  intimate  friends 
of  me  and  my  family.  Froome  was  Chafin's  curate  at 
Lidlinch  (eight  miles  from  Folke)  for  many  years  till 
Chafin's  death.  The  exact  connection  between  Ciiafin  and 
Froome,  or  the  Butler  family,  I  do  not  remember ;  or 
whether  Chafin  was  ever  married — I  never  heard  of  a 
wife.  Chettle,  at  Chafin's  death,  was  alienated  to  Cham- 
bers the  banker ;  and  through  the  stoppage  of  his  house 
in  London,  the  estate  was  tin-own  into  Chancery  for  many 
years,  and  finally  became  the  property  of  Castleman  of 
Wimborne. 

The  costume  of  Billy  Butler,  both  in  the  hunting-field 
and  at  Court,  is  described  from  ocular  demonstration,  so 
that  it  must  be  a  tolerably  correct  delineation  of  the 
parson  in  either  of  his  two  characters. 


3"J  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


tenancef  I  shall  try  to  give  the  substance  of  the 
narrative,  not  less  remarkable  than  Chafiu's  anec- 
dote. As  he  was  returning  leisurely  after  a  blank 
day  (various  covers  in  the  Vale  having  been  drawn 
without  success),  he  was  overtaken  by  a  stranger  of 
aristocratic  bearing,  mounted  on  a  clever  hunter, 
who  pulled  up  and  joined  him  in  his  leisurely  pace 
homeward.  The  two  sportsmen  (prince  and  parson) 
soon  fell  into  the  usual  talk  of  fox-hunters  ;  this 
was  soon  exhausted,  and  then  the  stranger  began 
to  inquire  about  all  the  gentry  and  clergy  resi- 
dent in  that  part  of  the  country — of  their  social 
habits,  of  their  love  of  port  wine  (for  claret  was 
not  again  predominant  in  England  till  the  close  of 
the  Peninsular  War),  and  whether  they  indulged 
in  it  to  any  excess ;  and  then  he  named  a  squire 
living  at  no  great  distance  from  the  road  they 
were  passing  through,  and  asked  whether  the 
rumour  of  his  being  nightly  a  three-bottle  man 
had  any  truth  in  it.  The  gentleman  was  a  hos- 
pitable entertainer  of  Butler,  who  at  once  clenched 
the  truth  of  the  report  by  exclaiming,  "  Three 
bottles,  Sir !  a  mere  nothing ;  I  have  often  seen 
him,  after  a  long  and  successful  run,  indulge  in 
nightly  potations  till  he  was  as  drunk  as  a  prince." 
At  this  point  of  the  conversation  they  reached  the 
road  where  Butler  turned  off  for  the  Vicarage  at 
Sturminster  Newton,  while  the  stranger  bore  away 
to  the  right  for  the  downs  where  Critchill  lies. 
As  he  rode  away,  he  bowed  his  adieu  with  much 
dignity,  adding  that  he  was  not  till  then  aware 
that  a  prince  was  the  «e  2)lus  ultra  in  arte  hibendi. 
It  flashed  upon  Butler's  mind  at  once,  that  the 
stately  stranger  was  the  royal  occupant  lately 
come  to  Critchill ;  and  his  supposition  was  veri- 
fied not  many  days  after,  when  there  was  a  grand 
meet  in  the  Vale,  and  he  saw  the  same  aristo- 
cratic sportsman  in  friendly  converse  with  the 
master  of  the  hounds. 

The  Prince  Regent's  occupation  of  Critchill 
was  of  no  very  long  duration,  nor  during  his  so- 
jom'n  did  he  join  often  in  the  social  circle  of  the 
squires  and  clergy  in  his  neighbourhood.  Butler, 
therefore,  had  no  other  opportunity  of  being 
familiar  with  the  royal  stranger.  Indeed,  the 
next  time  they  met  face  to  face  was  at  Court. 
On  the  death  of  George  III.,  by  the  advice  of  a 
friend,  Billy  Butler  doffed  his  hunting-coat  and 
top-boots,  and  dressed  in  gown  and  cassock,  with 
silt  stockings  and  silver  buckles  in  his  shoes,  was 
presented  at  the  first  levee  of  George  IV.,  and  no 
undignified  ecclesiastic  did  he  appear. 

The  Butler  family,  sons  and  daughters,  were 
manifestly  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  tall  in  stature, 
bright  animated  countenances,  with  fresh  and  fair 
complexions.  When  the  Rev.  William  Butler, 
in  full  clerical  costume,  was  announced  for  intro- 
duction to  his  Majest^y,  George  IV.  scanned  his 
figure  attentively,  and  as  he  passed,  audibly  ex- 
claimed,  ''  I  can  never  forget  the  Rev.  William 


Butler ; "  nor  did  he.  Several  years  after,  a 
valuable  crown  living  in  Dorsetshire  became  va- 
cant, and  the  prime  minister  was  directed  to  send 
the  presentation  to  the  Rev.  WiUiam  Butler  in 
that  county.  In  the  celebrated  lectures  on  the 
four  Georges,  which  at  the  time  created  a  great 
sensation,  such  exaggerated  obloquy  fell  on 
George  W.,  that  I  would  fain  record  one  trait  in  his 
character,  which  I  can  vouch  for  from  my  own 
personal  information,  to  prove  he  was  not  so 
entirely  selfish  as  he  was  painted :  — 

"  How  far  that  little  candle  throws  his  beam.s  ! 
So  shines  a  good  deed  to  a  naughty  world." 

Queen's  Gaedexs. 


Ealikg  Great  School  {^'^  S.  x.  449.)— The 
site  of  this  school  was  purchased  by  the  Conser- 
vative Laud  Society,  and  sold  in  allotments 
several  years  ago.  George  F.  Nicholas,  the  Doc- 
tor's eldest  son,  died  rector  of  Haddiscoe  in  1860. 
Had  W."s  notice  appeared  before  that  time,  I  could 
have  obtained  many  names  from  his  memory  and 
memoranda.  At  this  moment  the  following  names 
occur  to  me : — William  Henry  Ireland,  the  forger 
of  Shakspere  ;  Sir  Robert  Sale,  Charles  luaight, 
Dr.  Newman  and  his  brothers,  Charles  and  Francis 
Newman,  It  was  the  T'otherum*  of  Godfrey 
Thomas  Vigne,  the  ti-aveller  in  Cabul;  of  Dr. 
SelwjTi,  Margaret  Professor:  of  G.  A.  Selwyn, 
Bishop  of  New  Zealand;  of  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  the  present  ]Minister  from  the  United 
States  at  London  ;  and  of  William  Arnold  Brom- 
field,  M.D.,  an  eminent  botanist.  If  Thackeray 
was  there  I  do  not  remember  him,  but  I  was  with 
him  at  th«  Charter  House.  Dr.  Burrows  of  St, 
Bartholomew's  was  there  too,  and  the  Westmacotts, 
Robert,  Richard  (F.R.S.),  and  Horatio. 

Geoege  E.  Feeee. 
Eoydon  Hall,  Diss. 

Walton  and  Cotton's  "Compleat  Angles" 
(3"*  S.  X.  495.) — Jaydee  is,  no  doubt,  correct  in 
the  orthogi'aphy  he  claims  for  the  river  Amber. 
Drayton  corroborates  him  in  the  twenty-sixth 
song  of  his  Pohjolbion,  published  fifty-four  years 
previous  to  Cotton's  work ;  — 

"  Brown  Ecclesborne  comes  in,  then  Amber  from  the  east, 
Of  all  the  Derbian  nj-mphs  of  Darwin  loved  the  best." 
Cotton's  orthography,  however,  may  not  have 
been  altogether  a  misprint.  I  am  unacquainted 
with  the  Derbyshire  dialect,  but  may  not  amber 
be  pronounced  by  the  natives  of  that  county 
Aiomber,  and  by  a  contraction  Aicher?  Any 
Derbyshire  reader  of  ''N.  &  Q."  will  be  able  to 
say  yea  or  nay  to  this.  The  occurrence  of  Archer- 
son  on  the  same  page,  would  seem  to  indicate  an 
intentional  use  of  that  form  of  spelling.  I  pos- 
sess copies  of  every  known  edition  of  Walton  and 


*  A  Carthusian  noun  substantive  signifj-ing  "  my  other 
school." 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67. 


Cotton,  and  find  tlae  only  deviation  from  Atvber 
occurs  in  Moses  Browne's  reprints,  in  whicli  the 
stream  figures  as  ''  Aber." 

T.  Westwood. 

Vox  EwALD  (S"'''  S.  X.  431.)  —  Your  correspon- 
dent lias  transposed  the  initials  of  Ewald's  name, 
which  should  he  ''  H.  G.  A.,"  and  not  "  G.  H.  A." 
The  name  of  this  distinguished  scholar  being 
Henry  George  Augustus  von  Ewald,  it  is  quite 
correct  to  call  him  either  H.  Ewald,  or  H.  G.  A. 
Ewald ;  and  he  is  mentioned  by  both  styles  in  the 
"  Dictioiinaii-e  cles  Contemporains,  par  Vapereau, 
1858,"  where  there  is  an  interesting  notice  of  his 
life.  William  E.  A.  Axon. 

Strangeways. 

ExTKAOKDCfAET   ASSEMBLIES  OF  BiKDS    (3^*  S. 

xi.  10. )  —  S.  P.  will  find,  in  the  last  edition  of 
Lowndes'  Manual,  under  "Battle,"  Wonderful 
Battel  of  Starlmffs  fought  in  the  City  of  Cork,  in 
Ireland,  the  12th  and  lUh  October,  1621  :  London, 
1622,  4to.  This  is  reprinted  in  No.  3  of  Mor- 
gan's PhcEnix  Britannicus.  There  is  a  copy  of  the 
pamphlet  in  the  British  Museum,  under  the  head- 
ing "  Cork."  It  is,  I  think,  mentioned  in  Smith's 
History  of  Cork.  In  Windele's  Guide-book  for 
Cork  (Cork,  1843,  12mo,  p.  8),  the  Battle  of  the 
Stares  is  referred  to  as  having  taken  place  in 
1629,  and  a  writer  named  Thomas  Carue  is  quoted. 
It  will  be  found  also  in  the  Cork  Remembrancers, 
by  Fitzgerald,  Edwards,  and  Tuckey. 

JOHN^  POWEK. 
3,  College  Terrace,  Cambridge  Road, 

Hammersmith,  W. 
[An  article  on  this  marvellous  combat  of  starlings  at 
Cork  appeared  in  "  X.  &  Q.,"  1"  S.  ix.  303  ;  see  also  The 
Court  and  Times  of  James  the  First,  ii.  302.— Ed.] 

Shelley's  "Adonais"  (3'*  S.  xi.  44.) — With 
all  respect  to  J.  W.  AV.,  I  do  not  think  Shelley 
could  possibly  have  alluded  to  Wordsworth  under 
the  title  of  "The  Pilgrim  of  Eternity."  In  the 
first  place,  Wordsworth  had  no  great  appreciation 
of  Keats's  poetry  (it  is  well  known  that  he  termed 
Endymion  "a  pretty  piece  of  Paganism"):  it  is 
not  therefore  likely,  that  Shelley  would  have 
placed  him  amongst  the  "mourners"  for  poor 
Keats  ?  In  the  second  place,  the  whole  descrip- 
tion of  the  "Pilgrim"  is  quite  inapplicable  to 
Wordsworth,  whose  "monument"  is  undoubtedly 
"enduring";  but  no  one  conversant  with  the 
history  of  his  poetry  could  call  it  an  early  one, 
seeing  how  many  years  of  obloquy  and  contempt 
Wordsworth  had  to  endure  before  his  genius  was 
truly  appreciated.  Besides,  how  could  any  one 
apply  such  a  phrase  as  "the  lightnings  of  his 
song  "  to  the  calm  meditative  strains  of  the  high- 
priest  of  Nature  ?  This  phrase  is,  however,  most 
applicable  to  the  fiery  rapid  flow  of  Byron's  verse. 
The  latter  poet  had  a  great  admiration  for  the 
poetry  of  Keats,  as  was  evinced  by  his  somewhat 


exaggerated  criticism  of  Hyperion,  viz.  (hat  "  it 
seemed  actually  inspired  by  the  Titans,  and  was 
as_  sublime  as'  .Eschylus.'"'  His  brother  bard 
might  therefore,  with  great  propriety,  make  him 
a  "mourner"  for  the  deceased  poet. 

As  Severn  attended  his  unhappy  friend  in  his 
last  illness,  and  nursed  him  like  a  brother,  I  think 
.T.  W.  W.  is  very  probably  right  in  his  conjecture 
that  verse  35  refers  to  him  :  for  the  reason  stated 
in  my  last  letter  on  this  subject,  I  thought  it 
likely  that  Leigh  Hunt  or  Chas.  Cowden  Clarke 
was  referred  to.  I  stiU  do  not  think  the  words, 
"taught  the  departed  one,"  so  appropriate  for 
Severn  as  for  C.  C.  Clarke.  The  very  singular 
forecasting  of  Shelley's  own  fate  in  the  last  stanza 
of  Adonais,  which  J.  W.  W.  alludes  to,  was 
pointed  out  by  that  very  thoughtful  and  accom- 
plished critic,  the  late  Henry  Reed,  of  Philadel- 
phia, U.  S.,  in  his  Lectures  on  English  Literature 
from  Chaucer  to  Tennyson  (p.  183,  ed.  1862) ; 
where  he  speaks  of  it  as  "  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable coincidences  to  be  found  in  literature." 
Jonathan  Boxtchiee. 

5,  Selwood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 

Passages  in  Camoens  and  Spenser  (S'"*  S.  x. 
66.)  —  I  know  The  Faery  Queen  pretty  well,  but 
do  not  remember  any  such  passage.  That  in 
Camoens  is  — 

"  Nao  erao  senao  premios,  que  reparte 
For  feitos  immortaes  e  soberanos 
O  mundo,  co'  os  barOes,  que  esforco  e  arte 
Divinos  os  fizerao,  sendo  humanos  : 
Que  Jupiter,  Mercuric,  Phebo,  e  Marte, 
Eneas,  e  Quirino,  e  os  dous  Thebanos, 
Ceres,  Pallas,  e  Juno,  com  Diana, 
Todos  forao  de  fraca  came  humana." 

Os  Lusiadas,  canto  ix.  st.  91.     Obias  do  Ca- 
moes.    Lisbon  Occidental,  1720,  p.  264. 
The  above  is  quoted,  with  very  different  spelling, 
in  Blacklocke's  Letters  conceriiing  Mythology.  Lon- 
don, 1748,  p.  231.  H.  B.  C. 
U.  U.  Club. 

"  Deaf  as  a  Beetle  "  (3">  S.  xi.  34.)— Refer- 
ring to  Mr.  Blade's  query,  I  should  say  that  the 
saying,  "As  deaf  as  a  beetle,"  does  not  apply  to 
the  insect  at  all.  In  Suffolk  a  large  wooden  mallet, 
with  a  handle  from  two  to  three  feet  long,  is 
called  a  \beetlc,  and  is  specially  used  for  driving 
wedges  into  wood  for  the  purpose  of  "  riving  "  or 
splitting  it.  "  As  deaf  as  a  beetle  "  no  doubt  re- 
fers to  this  wooden  instrument,  than  which  there 
can  be  nothing  much  deafer. 

"A  beetle  and  wedges"  (generally  coupled)  will 
be  found  in  almost  every  household  in  East 
Suff-olk. 

The  above  use  of  the  word  beetle  is  given  by 
Bailey,  who  likewise  gives  another  form  of  the 
word,"  "bovtle,"  which  is  a  nearer  approach  to  its 
Saxon  origin.  T.  W.  Gissing. 

Wakefield. 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


Loed-Lietjtenant's  Chaplains  (3"'  S.  xi.  34.) 
There  is  no  limit  to  the  number  of  chaplains  that 
may  be  appointed  by  the  Lord-Lieutenant  of 
Ireland,  and  His  Excellency  alone  is  the  j  udge  of 
their  qualification.  It  is  to  be  presumed  that  he 
will  generally  select  those  whose  opinions  on 
Church  matters  agree  with  those  of  his  own  party, 
but  he  is  not  bound  by  any  restrictions.  The 
privileges  of  the  office  consist  in  preaching  in  the 
Chapel  Royal  once  or  twice  a  year ;  and  as  this 
is  usually  followed  by  an  invitation  to  dinner,  the 
chaplain  has  an  opportunity  of  developing  his 
views  to  the  Viceroy,  and  thus  establishing  a  good 
reputation  or  otherwise  in  the  mind  of  the  dis- 
penser of  ecclesiastical  preferment. 

The  office  of  Dean  of  the  Chapel  Royal  is,  I 
believe,  of  no  very  great  antiquity ;  but  it  seems 
to  have  existed  in  1783,  when  the  Order  of  St. 
Patrick  was  first  instituted.  Dean  Graves,  how- 
ever, will  probably  be  able  to  define  the  exact 
date  of  its  first  appointment.  Sebastian. 

Christmas  Box  (S'-^  S.  x.  470,  502.) —Dr. 
Kelsall's  derivation  of  this  word  from  the  Per- 
sian halishish  during  the  Crusades  is,  I  think,  cor- 
rect. C.  A.  W.  gives  a  different  derivation,  and 
says  that  the  word  is  most  likely  older  than  the 
eleventh  century.  Can  he  quote  any  work  in 
which  it  is  used  in  this  sense  at  an  earlier  period  ? 

Mermaid. 

Buttermilk  (S""*  S.  xi.  20.) — Loitisa's  com- 
munication from  Brussels  on  the  names  of  streets 
suggests  a  different  etymology  for  buttermilk  from 
that  commonly  received, — milk  from  which  the 
butter  is  extracted, — namely,  battre--im\\<.,  milk 
beaten  with  the  churn-staff".    Is  it  so  ?    D.  E.  F. 

Pews  (3'''  S.  xi,  46.)  —  Your  correspondent 
P.  E.  M.'s  dictum,  that  before  the  Reformation 
seats  of  any  kind  were  eexeptional  in  churches,  is  a 
mere  a  ssertion.  Numbers  of  original  open  benches, 
from  the  thirteenth  to  the  sixteenth  century, 
exist  or  did  exist  until  the  present  horrible  van- 
dalism under  the  euphemistic  name  of  Restoration 
set  in.  To  mention  one  case  near  London :  the 
original  old  black  oak  benches  were  only  removed 
from  Heston  Church,  Middlesex ;  which,  alas,  has 
now  been  entirely  destroyed  through  the  obstinacy 
and  ignorance  of  the  authorities,  in  the  beginning 
of  this  century,  and  were  transferred  to  the  west 
gallery.  What  has  been  done  with  them  now,  I 
do  not  know.  There  were  also,  till  quite  lately, 
some  at  Birchington,  near  Margate.  In  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Oxford  there  are  several.  There  is 
scarcely  a  doubt  that  in  the  English  church  Jixed 
seats  were  the  rule  before  the  Reformation. 
When  the  regular  close  pew  came  into  fashion, 
these  were  not  unfrequently  worked  up  and  trans- 
formed by  addition  of  some  wainscoat  and  doors. 

J.  C.  J. 


Horns  in  German  Heraldry  (3''''  S.  x.  198, 
239,  367.)  —  None  of  your  correspondents  who 
have  written  on  this  rather  puzzling  subject 
appear  to  have  consulted  Rietstap's  Ai-morial 
General,  1861.  In  the  glossary  of  heraldic  terms 
at  the  beginning  of  the  volume  he  says,  under  the 
word  "  Proboscides"  :  — 

"  Trompes  d'e'le'phant.  Lea  Allemands portent  fieqnem- 
ment  en  cimier  des  cornes  de  buffle,  qu'on  re])re'sente 
communement,  quoiqu'a  tort,  sous  la  forme  de  probos- 
cides. Pour  cette  raison  nous  avons  conserve  cette 
de'signation  dans  la  description  des  armoiries,  II  est 
bien  entendu  toutefois  que  ces  pretendues  proboscides  ont 
la  signification  reelle  des  cornes." 

Mr.  Bone  (p.  367)  cites  the  crest  of  Zolrayer 
as  being  a  bird,  "standing  on  a  pair  of  horns 
extremely  like  elephants'  trunks."  Rietstap  thus 
describes  the  crest  of  this  family:  "La  cicogne 
entre  deux  proboscides  de  gueules." 

Most  of  the  illustrations  occurring  in  heraldic 
works  are  too  small  to  enable  one  accurately  to 
determine  the  real  construction  of  these  so-called 
"horns;"  but  a  woodcut  now  before  me,  repre- 
senting a  coat  of  arms  surmounted  by  two  horned 
crests,  is  drawn  on  so  large  a  scale  (eight  inches, 
high),  that  the  details  can  be  plainly  made  out. 
The  arms  are  those  of  the  Elector  of  Saxony,  and 
cover  the  second  page  of  one  of  the  queerest  old 
books  I  know.  It  is  an  extremely  rare  work  on 
diseases  of  the  eyes,  by  Bartisch  (folio,  Dresden, 
1583),  entitled  "  O4>0A  AMOAOTAEIA,  das  ist  Au- 
ffendienst,"  &c.  I  say  thus  entitled,  but  the  actual 
title  extends  over  a  whole  closely-printed  page. 
The  "  horns,"  which  curve  upwards  on  each  side 
of  the  helm,  have  the  lyre-like  arrangement 
noticed  by  F.  C.  H.  Each  ends  not  in  a  point, 
like  the  natural  horns  of  an  animal,  but  in  a  cup- 
shaped  expansion,  with  a  double  rim,  like  the 
mouth-piece  of  a  trumpet.  In  one  of  the  crests, 
surmounted  b}'  a  pyramid,  charged  with  the  arms 
of  Saxony,  and  terminating  in  a  peacock's  tail, 
the  staves  of  little  flags  are  inserted  into  the 
expanded  apertures  of  the  horns.  Are  these  horns' 
met  with  only  in  heraldic  representations  ?  or  are 
they  found  attached  to  any  helmets  in  the  rich 
collection  of  old  German  armour  in  the  Zwinger 
Palace  at  Dresden,  or  the  Ambras  collection  at 
Vienna  ?  If  found  there,  the  real  import  of  these 
strange-looking  appendages  could  probably  be 
determined,  J.  Dixon, 

P.S.  Mr.  Davidson's  paper  {3'^  S.  x.  520)  con- 
tains a  remark  I  do  not  understand.  He  says  it 
appears  that  the  "  horns  "  he  describes  "  are  dif- 
ferently represented,  according  as  they  are  borne 
on  a  shield  or  on  a  helm ;"  but  his  German  quo- 
tation says  just  the  reverse — that  both  forms  are 
similar  (desyleichen). 

Early  English  Barracks  :  "  Dog  Lodgings  " 
(S^'i  S.  X.  492.) — May  not  the  latter  expression  be 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XL  I  ZB.  2,  '67. 


one  of  contempt  at  the  way  our  soldiers  were 
accommodated  in  barracks  at  the  period  named  ? 
They  were  very  hadly  lodged  so  late  as  the  latter 
part  of  the  last  century.  An  old  officer,  who  ac- 
companied me  on  a  visit  of  inspection  through 
certain  rooms  in  the  Royal  Barracks,  Dublin, 
about  twenty  years  ago,  on  my  saying  that  six- 
teen beds  were  too  many  for  a  certain  room, 
replied :  ''  In  1798  I  was  quartered  here,  and  this 
room  bedded  nearly  one  hundred  men." 

It  appears  the  walls  were  lined  with  tiers  of 
beds  from  floor  to  ceiling,  like  berths  in  a  ship, 
and  certainly  they  must  have  been  lodgings  only 
fit  for  dogs.  Our  pet  criminals,  in  1867,  are 
ordered  1000  cubic  feet  of  air  each  ! 

George  Llotd. 

Darlington. 

ATJTOGRAPns  IX  Books  (5^^  S.  x,  505.)  —  Your 
correspondent's  note  on  Poems  on  Several  Occa- 
sions, \)y  a  Lady,  Edinburgh,  1797,  has  caused  me 
to  remember  and  search  for  a  memorandum  of 
mine  to  the  following  effect : — 

"  In  a  copy  of  Potter's  iEschylus— *  To  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell  as  a  token  of  the  respect  of 

1813.  H.  E.'  " 

The  letters  "  H.  E."  were  joined  together  diph- 
thongr-wise.  W.  C.  B. 


;ffilt^ctlTanrou)j. 

XOTES  OX  BOOKS,  ETC. 
The  Correspondence  of  King  George  the  Tliird  with  Lord 
North,  from  1768  to  1783.  Edited  from  the  Originals 
at  Windsor,  with  an  Introduction  and  Notes.  By  W. 
Bodham  Donne.  In  Two  Volumes.  Published  by  Per- 
mission of  the  Queen.     (Murray.) 

History  is  gradually  doing  justice  to  one  who  was  for 
many  years  the  best  abused  man  in  the  three  kingdoms- 
George  the  Third.  The  readers  of  Lord  Stanhope  (ila- 
hon's)  History  of  England  will  remember  how  much  addi- 
tional interest  and  value  were  lent  to  that  work  by  the 
extracts  from  George  the  Third's  Letters  to  Lord  Xorth, 
which  the  noble  historian  had  the  advantage  of  intro- 
ducing. They  will,  therefore,  readily  believe  that  the 
present  volumes,  which  contain  accurate  copies  of  the 
King's  Correspondence  with  his  most  trusted  and  favoured 
Jlinister  during  a  most  eventful  crisis,  must  be  of  the 
highest  importance,  not  only  as  illustrating  the  eventful 
history  of  tlie  period,  but  the  personal  character  of  the 
Sovereign.  Mr.  Donne,  who  has  edited  these  Letters  Avith 
great  care  and  great  ability,  prefacing  them  by  an  ad- 
mirable Introduction,  and  accompanying  them  by  most 
useful  explanatorj'  notes,  takes  a  somewhat  loweV  view 
of  the  King's  epistolarj^  style  than  that  entertained  \>y 
Lord  Stanhope,  who  characterises  them,  we  think  justly, 
as  "  earnest,  plain,  and  to  the  point."  But  Mr.  Donue 
seems  to  us,  in  forming  his  judgment,  not  to  have  suf- 
ficiently borne  in  mind  the  fact  Vv'hich  he  has  so  fairly 
stated,  that  they  were,  "  with  very  rare  exceptions, 
written  in  haste,  and  sometimes  -with  impetuosity." 
Language  may  have  been  gi\'en  to  men  generaUj-  to 
conceal  their  'thoughts  ;  but  George  the  Third  did  not 
avail  himself  of  the  gift ;  and  the  result  is,  we  believe, 


that  these  two  volumes  of  his  Letters,  among  the  most 
important  contributions  to  the  histors-  of  the  times  which 
have  yet  been  given  to  the  world,  will  have  the  effect  of 
elevating  very  considerably  the  public  estimate  of  the 
memory  and  character  of  George  the  Third. 

Books  keceived. — 
Beautiful    Thoughts  from   French   and  Italian   Authors, 
with  English  Translations,  Lives  of  the  Authors,  &fc.  By 
Craufurd  T.  Eamage,  LL.D.     (Howell,  Liverpool.) 
An  admirable  companion  to  the  author's  well-selected 
volume  of  Beautiful  Thoughts  from  Latin  Authors. 
The  First  Latin  Parsing  Book.  By  John  T.  White,  D.D., 

&c.     (Longmans.) 
Bradlefs   Cornelius  Nepos,  with   Grammatical  Notes,  Src- 

By  John  T.  White,  D.D.,  &c.     (Longmans.) 
Bradley's  Eutropius,  with    Grammatical  Notes,  §r.      By 

John  T.  White,  D.D.,  &c.     (Longmans.) 
Bradley's    Select  Fables  of  Phcedrus.  with    Grammatical 
Notes,  Sfc.     By  John  T.  White,  D.D.,  &c.     (Long- 
mans.) 

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was  incomplete  without  supplementary  rudimental  books. 
These  are  here  usefully  supplied. 

The  Parsing  Book  has  for  its  object  the  gradual  teach- 
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while  in  these  new  editions  of  Plicedrus,  Eutropius,  and 
Cornelius  Nepos,  Dr.  White  has  altogether  remodelled  the 
notes  and  adapted  their  grammatical  portion  to  the  same. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XL  Feb.  9,  '67. 


PAPER  AND   ENVELOPES. 

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Three  dozen,  railway  carriage  paid,  to  all  England  and  Wales. 
W.  D.  WATSON,  Wine  Itaporter,  72  and  73,  Great  Russell  Street, 
corner  of  Bloomsbury  Square,  Loudon,  W.C. 
Established  1841.   Full  Price  Lists  post  free  on  appUeation. 

36s.       UTARD'S   P.A.IiE   SHERRT        36s. 

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CHARLES   WARD   and  SON, 
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MAYFAIR,  W.,  LONDON. 

36s.        IVARD'S  PAIiE  SKERRY       36s. 


HEDGES    &    BUTLER,  Wine   Merchants,    &c., 
recommend  and  GUARANTEE  the  following  WINES  :- 
SHERRY. 
Good  Dinner  Wine,  24s.,  30s.,  36s.  per  dozen  ;  fine  pale,  golden,  and 
Brown  Sherry,  42s.,  48s.,  54s.,  60s.;  Amontillado,  for  invalids,  60s. 
CHAMPAGNE. 
Sparkling,  36s.,  42s.;  splendid  Epernay,  48s.,  60s.;  pale   and  brown 
Sillery,  663.,  788.;  Veuve  Clicquot  6,  Perrier  and  Joaet's,  Moet  and 
Chandon's,  &c. 

PORT. 
For  ordinary  use,  24s.,  30s.,  36s.,  4:'s.;  fine  old  "  Beeswing,"  48«. 
608.:  choice  Port  of  the  famed  vintages  1847,  1840,  1834,  1820,  at  72s.  to 
1208. 

CLARET. 
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Leoville,  48s.;  Latour,54s.;  Margaux,60s.,72s.;  Lafitte,  72s.,84s.,96s. 
BURGUNDY. 
Maconand  Beaune, 30s., 36s., 42s.;  St.  George,  42s.;  Chambertin,  60s. , 
723.;  CateRatie,60s.,72s.,  84s.;  Cortoa,  Nuits,  RomaniJe,  Clos-de-Vou- 
gedt.&c;  Chablis,  24s.,308.,36s.,42s.,48s.;Montrachet  and  St.Peray; 
sparkling  Burgundy,  &c. 

HOCK. 
Light  Dinner  Hock,  24s., 30s.;  Nierstein,  36s.,  42s.;  Hochheimer,  48s. 
60«.,72s.;Liebfraumilch,60s.,72s.;  JohannesbergerandSteinberger,72s. 
848. to  120s. 

MOSELLE. 
Still  Moselle, 24s., 30s.;  Zeltinger,  36s.,  42s.;  Brauneberger,48s.,  60s.; 
Muscatel,  60s., 72s.;  Scharzberg,  72s.,  84s.;  sparkling  Moselle,  48s., 608.. 
668.,  788. 

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NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


Volume  irintb,  Tbird   Series. 


Eugrlish,  Irisb,  and  Scotch  History. 


positions  for  remodelling  Chancery  —  Meeting  of  Wellington  and 
Blucher  —  Epitaph  in  Christchurch  Cathedral,  Dublin  _  Scottish 
Chartularies— Disinterment  of  Buonaparte's  Remains. 

Biograpby. 

John  Gaule— Rev.  J.  Boucher— Daniel  Defoe  in  Edinburgh— Queen 
Mary,  Jan  de  Beaugue,  and  Marshal  Guebriant—Nahum  Tate— God- 
frey Goodman—Francis  Place — Lives  of  Dr.  Beattie— Sir  T.  Pope— 
Dr.  Polidori -William  Stafford— James  Puckle— James  Howell. 

Bibllogrrapby  and  Iiiterary  History. 

Original  Prospectus  of  "  The  Times  "—Satire  against  Home's  "Doug- 
las "—List  of  Charles  Cotton's  Works— I'orgotten  Literary  Periodicals 
— Jarvis  Matcham  the  Murderer  — The  Flying  Highwayman— Ten- 
nyson's Early  Poetry— Letters  of  Marie  Antoinette— Waller's  Poems 
—Irish  Literary  Periodicals  —  Eden's  Edition  of  Bishop  Taylor  — 
Gibbon's  Miscellaneous  Works— Inkle  and  Yarico— Letters  of  Philip 
de  Comines  —  Homer  in  a  Nutshell  —  Anglo-Irish  Bibliography— 
Musoe  Etonenses— Ruggle's  "  Ignoramus  "—The  Percy  Manuscripts. 

Popular  Antiquities  and  FoIk-I>ore. 

Husbands  at  the  Church  Door— Dorset  Folk-Lore— Indo-Mahome- 
dan  Folk-Lore— The  Cotswold  Sports— Legend  of  St.  Nicholas- 
White  used  for  Mourning— Need  Fire  a  Cure  ior  Cattle  Plague— A 
Rush  Ring— Were  Wolves— English  Popular  Tales. 

Ballads  and  Old  Poetry. 

Contributions  from  Foreign  Ballad  Literature— The  Dragon  of 
Wantley— Shakspeare  and  the  Bible— A  Plea  for  Chaucer—Balma- 
whapple's  Song— Anonymous  Ballads- The  Jew's  Daughter— Sweet 
Kitty  Clover— Huntingdonshire  May-day  Song. 

Popular  and  Proverbial  Sayingrs. 

Never  a  Barrel  the  better  Herring— Birds  of  a  Feather  Flock  together 
—  Up  at  Harwich- Leading  Apes  in  Hell. 

Philology. 

Hue  and  Cry-Clameur  de  Haro— Late  Make  :  This  and  That— Rot- 
ten Row— Bosworth— Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary— Cooper's  Thesaurus- 
Starboard  and  Larboard—Meaning  of  Club. 

Genealogy  and  Heraldry. 

Ruthven  Peerage— Maria,  Countess  Marshall— The  Otelle— Oliphant 
Barony— Jacobite  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage— Sir  Thomas 
Rumbold— Wigton  Peerage— Sutherland  Peerage— Gamage  Family- 
Epitaphs  Abroad-The  Wellesley  Family— The  Codfish  Aristocracy- 
Sepulchral  Devices— The  Agnews— The  Breadalbane  Peerage. 

Fine  ,a.rts. 

National  Portrait  Exhibition— Newly- discovered  Portrait  of  Shak- 


Ecclesiastical  History. 

Huntingdon— Sermon  on  Witchcraft— The  Pallium— Berne  Light : 
Berying  Light— The  Cross— Parish  Registers  and  Probate  Courts  — 
The  Pragmatic  Sanction-Edward  the  Sixth's  Itinerant  Preachers- 
Processional  Litany  of  Dunkeld— St.  Michael. 

Topography. 

Worcester  Notes  and  Queries— Grantham  Market  Cross— Cambo- 
dunum— St.  James's  Lutheran  Chapel— Old  Leather  Sellers'  Hall— 
The  Mitre  Tavern  and  Dr.  Johnson— Dilamgerbendi— Dover's  Hill 
on  the  Cotswolds— Spanish  Main—Kilburn  Nunnery— St.  Pancras 
Parish. 

miscellaneous  Uotes  and  Queries. 

Shakspcare's  Silence  about  Smoking— Court  of  Pie  Poudre— Human 
Footprints  on  Rocks— Judges  returning  to  the  Bar— The  Loving  Cup 
and  Drinking  Healths— Medal  of  Chevalier  St.  George-Sepulchral 
Devices-Holland  House  Gun  Fire  -  Autographs  in  Books-Bag- 
pipes- Round  Towers— Hell  Fire  Club— Population  of  Ancient  Rome 
—Execution  of  Barneveldt. 


WILLIAM  GREIG  SMITH,  32,  Wellington  Street,  Strand. 
And  by  order  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen. 


3"!  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


LONDOy,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  9,  1S67. 


COXTENTS.— X"  267. 

NOTES:— Peers'  Residences  in  1689, 109  —  Hannah  Light- 
foot,  110  — Remarkable  Paintings  on  Roodscreens  in  Nor- 
folk, 113  —  A  "  Lectureship  "  —  A  Hideous  Superstition  — 
The  Rose  of  Normandy  —  Cork  Periodicals  —  Old  Tem- 
perance Stanzas  —  Sir  Philip  Vere  Broke  and  Washington 
Irving  —  Old  Pack  of  Cards  —  Ben  Rhydding,  113. 

QUERIES:  —  Advertising  —  Boulton's  "Vindication  of  a 
complete  History  of  Magick,"  1722  — Anonymous— Gary's 
Dante  —  Champaign  —  Dryden's  "  Address  to  Clarendon  " 

—  "The  Dubhn  Christian  Instructor,"  &c.— Guns  and 
Pistols  —  Lady  Ann  Halket's  "  Memoirs  "  —  Richard  Hey, 
LL.D.  —  Tom  Lee,  the  Craven  Murderer  —  Henry  Marten 

—  Marriage  Ring  —  Musical  Biography  —  Quotations 
wanted  — John  Potenger,  Esq.  —Pig-tails  —  Roman  Taxa- 
tion levied  per  Tiles  and  Roofs  of  Houses  —  Price  of 
Salmon  in  1486  —  Stouor  Family  —  Vieux-Dieu,  114. 

QuEEiES  ■WITH  Answees:  — Sir  Isaac  Newton  — "Dick 
Swift "  —  Sardinian  Stone  —  Thomas  Milles,  Bishop  of 
Waterford  — Rembrandt  — G.  M.  Woodward,  116. 

REPLIES:  — Lute  and  Lutenist,  118- Dutch  and  other 
Languages :  the  Irish  Language,  119  —  Betting,  lb.  — 
Battle  of  Bauge,  and  the  Carmichaels  of  that  Hk,  120  — 
Glasgow,  121— Toads :  the  old  Arms  of  France,  16.— Thomas 
Lord  Cromwell,  a  Singer  and  Comedian —"  Othergates  " 

—  "U.  P.  spells  Goslings  "  —  Horse-Chestnut,  why  so  called 

—  Dial  Inscriptions  — Salmon  and  Apprentices  —  Quota- 
tion from  Homer-  Clinton's  Chronology— Multrooshill  — 
Tancreds  of  Wliixley  — Itineraries  of  Edward  I.  and  Ed- 
ward II.  —  A  Pair  of  Stairs,  &c.,  122. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


u 


PEERS'  RESIDEXCES  IN  1689. 
Finding  the  following  list  of  the  residences 
of  peers  in  the  year  1698-9  among  some  old 
papers,  I  thought  it  might  not  he  unworthy  to  he 
preserved  in  "  N.  &  Q."  The  original  is  a  small 
4to  MS.  in  a  large  plain  hand.  I  have  retained 
the  spelling  as  an  evidence  of  the  pronimciation 
of  some  of  the  titles  and  localities,  such  as  ^'  Jar- 
myn  "  and  "  Jarmyn  Street."  "  The  Prince  "  was 
no  doubt  Prince  George  of  Denmark,  created  Duke 
of  Cumberland  in  1689 :  — 

"  A  List  of  the  Peers'  Houses  and  Lodgings  this 
Sessions,  Bee.  169|. 
Archb.  of  Cant,  att  Lambeth. 
Bp.  of  London  att  ffulham. 
E.  of  Lindsey  at  Chelsea. 
E.  of  Albemarle  att  Kinsington. 
Marq.  of  Normonbj'  att  Arlington  House. 
Ld.  Lansdown  in  Petty  France,  West"^. 
Bp.  of  Worcester  in  Carterett  Street. 
Ld.  Lewarr  in  Dartmouth  Street,  Westminster. 
Bp.  of  St.  Assaph  in  Stable  Yard  by  Deans  Yard,  Wesf. 
Bp.  of  Chester  in  Stable  Yard  att  Mr.  Chaton's  by  Dean's 

Yard. 
Bp.  of  Rochester     "i 

Bp.  of  Lincoln         [  in  Dean's  Yard,  West"". 
Ld.  Ashbiirnham    ' 
E.  of  Carnarvan  at  Linsey  House. 
Bp.  of  Winton  by  the  House  of  Peers. 
Bp.  of  Peterborough  in  Chanell  Rowe  [Canon  Eow  ?  ]. 

Bp!*o?StSvid^s  }  ^^  ^Jfanchester  Court,  Chanell  Rowe. 
Ld.  Hunsdown  near  Westminster  Markit,  King  Street. 
Ld.  Lovelace  in  Charles  Street,  Wesf. 


>•  in  Whitehall 
I 
J 


in  S'  James's  House. 


D.  of  Leeds 

E.  of  Scarsdale  1-  in  Duke  Street,  Wesf. 
Ld.  Lvmster       ) 
E.  of  Oxford     \ 

E.  of  Rochford  -  in  Do^vning  Street,  Westminster. 
E.  of  Grantuni  J  * 

E.  of  Rochester  \ 

D^rfOr^ond     f  ^  ^^e  Cockpitt  by  Whitehall 

E.  of  Arran        -' 

Bp.  of  Litchfeild^ 

E.  of  Essex  1 

E.  of  Portland 

E.  of  Bradford 

Ld.  Cornwallis 

Bp.  of  Oxford 

D.  of  Sumersett  att  Charing  Cross. 

D.  of  Northumb"<i  in  Spring  Garden. 

E.  ofTankerdvill     % 

D.  of  Southampton     ^  ^^^  p^^  ^j^^j 

D.  of  Scorborge 
Bp.  of  Durham         ' 

E.  of  Scarborough  in  the  Haymarket. 

Ld.  Lexington  near  the  Jocelett  [Chocolate]  House  by 

S"^  James's. 
The  Prince  -^ 

E.  of  Marlborough 
E.  of  Bath 
B.  of  Salisbury        ^ 
Ld.  Godolphen  by  S'  James's  Stables. 
Ld.  ffei-rers  j    ^^^  Cleveland  House  by  S*  Jameses. 

E.  of  Bridgwater  j  •' 

Ld.  Barklev  in  Park  Place  by  St.  Jameses. 

D.  of  Boulton  in  S'  Jameses  Street. 
Ld.  Brook 

E.  of  Kinston 

Ld.  GiUford  J- in  Arlington  Street  by  S'  Jameses. 

Ld.  Cholmundly 
E.  of  Peterborough 

E.  of  Torington  in  Park  Place,  S'  Jameses. 
Ld.  Willowby  of  Brook  inS  tratton  Street  by  Devonshire 

House. 

D.  of  Devon  att  Devonshire  House. 

E.  of  Carberough  [Scarborough  ?  ]  in  Dover  Street. 
E.  of  Burlington  in  Pickadilly. 

D.  of  St  Albans  I .    j  g^^eet, 

E.  of  Anglesea  J  •'  ' 

E.  of  Manchester  in  Duke  Street,  S'  Jameses. 

Ld.  Howard  of  Esc[rich],  in  King  Street  by  S*  Jameses 

Ld.  Ousulstou     1  jj^  (,^i^gj^  s        3^ 

Ld.  Haversham  j  ^ 

Ld.  Rockingham  in    Sherwood    [Sherrard]    Street    by 

Goulden  Square. 
Marq.  of  Hallyfax  ^ 
E.  of  Eomney 
E.  of  Pembrook 
E.  of  Radnor 
E.  of  Kent 

D.  of  Norfolk 

E.  of  Barkley 
E.  of  Sunderland 
Bp.  of  Norwich  in  Charles  Street  by  S'  Jameses  Square 
E.  of  Scarborough  in  the  Haymarket 


"in  S'  Jameses  Square. 


E.  of  Suffolk 


Ld.  Jarmyn 
E.  of  Mackelsfeild 
E.  of  Warrington 
Ld.  '\\Tiarton 
Ld.  Jefferes  •^ 

Ld.  Abergaveny 


in  Dean  Street  by  Soho. 


•  in  Gan-ard  Street. 


Ld:Z-tfmoutU-<^byi'--^-s^-- 


Ld.  Herbert 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


Ld.  Colepeper  in  Porter  Street  by  Leicester  Square. 
Ld.  Fitzwater  in  Newport  Street. 
E,  of  Bolingbrook       \ 
^^SL™ouT''%^-«<>^<^  Square. 

E.  of  Carlisle  ^  « 

E.  of  Thanett       |  in  Great  Russell  Street  by  Blumesbury 

E,  of  Mountague  J      Square. 

E-  '*^^'°'^J'^^'P^'"'l  in  Blumesbury  Square. 

E.  of  Chesterfield    j  -      '■ 

Ld-  Willowby  of  Erris[by  ]  J  .^  ^^^  ^von  Square. 

Ld.  Barnard  )  -  ^ 

D.  of  Newcastle  in  Great  Russell  Street  by  Southampton 
Square. 

Ld.  North  &  Grey  in  Southampton  Street  by  the  Square. 

E.  Rivers  in  Southampton  Street. 

Ld.  Vis'  Heriford  in  Warwick  Court  by  Graj'S  Inn. 
Ld.  Eure  over  against  Grays  Inn  Gate  att  an  apothe- 
cary's. 
Bp.  of  Bristoll  in  Grevell  Street  by  Holborn. 
Bp.  of  Elleys  att  EUey  House,  Holborn. 
Bp.  of  Chichester  in  Great  Kirby  Street,  Hatton  Garden. 

D.  of  Newcastle  att  Clarkenwell  [erased]. 

E.  of  Leicester  att  S'  Jameses. 
Bp.  of  Glocester  near  Crippellgate. 

E.  of  Denbigh  in  ffanchurch  Street  att  S.  Ruzell[ ?  ]  [Rus- 
sell ?  ]  ifirebrass. 
Ld.  Lucas  in  the  Tower. 
E.  of  Nottingham  in  the  Temple. 
Ld.  North  &  Grays  in  Castle  Yard,  Holborn. 
Ld.  Vis'  Townsend  in  Essex  Street. 
Marq.  of  Carmarthen  in  Boufort  Buildings,  Strand. 
E.  of  Dorset       )  in   Lincolens  &  Feilds   [Lincoln's  Inn 
Ld.  Chansellor  j      Fields.] 
Ld.  Leigh  in  Great  Queen  Street. 
Ld.  Craven  in  Drury  Lane. 
E.  of  Stamford  in  Bow  Street,  Coven  Garden. 
E.  of  Orford  in  the  Peaza,  Coven  Garden. 
D.  of  Richmond  in  Long  Aiker. 

D.  of  Bedford  in  the  Strand. 

E.  of  Hormington  in  S'  James  Place. 
Bp.  of  Chester  in  Deans  Yard. 

Ld.  Byron  in  Suffolk  Street." 

E.  P.  Shirley. 
Lower  Eatington  Park. 


HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT.  * 

These  are  the  last  words  which  W.  H.  claimed 
the  privilege  of  having;  and  in  which  the  Fair 
Quaker  is  no  longer  Wheeler  or  Lightfoot,  but 
Hannah  Whitefoot. 

o. 

"  It  is  certain  that  the  Fair  Quaker's  name  was  Hannah 
Whitefoot,  and  not  Wheeler.  I  showed  to  Axford's  own 
niece  only  yesterday  the  account  given  by  T.  G.  H.  She 
admits  all  he  says  about  the  situation  of  the  shop,  and 
the  way  Prince  George  got  a  sight  of  her  in  his  frequent 
visits  to  the  Opera  House.  To  put  a  stop  to  these  visits 
was  the  reason  of  her  being  married  to  Axford,  who  had 
paid   her  some  attentions  while  he  was   shopman  at  a 

grocer's  on  Ludgate  Hill.    Mrs.  S ,  his  niece,  told  me 

yesterday,  that  after  they  married  they  cohabited  for  a 
fortnight  or  three  weeks,'when  she  was  one  day  called  out 
from  dinner,  and  put  into  a  chaise  and  four  and  taken  off, 

and  he  never  saw  her  afterwards.     Mrs.  S says  it 

was  reported  that  the  Prince  had  several  children  by  her, 
one  or  two  of  whom  became  generals  in  the  army. 

[*  Continued  from  p.  89.] 


"  When  Axford,  many  years  after,  married  a  second 
wife,  and  it  was  reported  that  Hannah  was  still  living, 
the  late  Lord  Weymouth  on  enquiry  asserted  that  she  was 
not  then  living.  '  W.  H. 

"  IVarminster,  July  5." 

Monthly  Mag.  Sept.  22,  vol.  liv.  p.  116. 

In  The  Monthly  Magazine  for  Dec.  1822,  vol.  liv. 
p.  410,  the  discussion  is  carried  on  by  a  correspon- 
dent signed  "  Curiosus,  Clapham,  Sept.  5,"  who, 
after  stating  that  he  had  dealt  with  Axford  the 
grocer  at  the  corner  of  the  Old  Bailey  for  nearly 
half  a  century — "  a  heavy  and  silent  man,"  who 
"  would  never  communicate  a  word  on  the  sub- 
ject "  —  says  that  the  marriage  with  Axford  was 
a  matter  of  arrangement  through  the  mediation  of 
a  certain  eminent  surgeon  of  that  day,  and  doubts 
the  cohabitation  after  the  ceremony.  That  there 
were  a  few  children — one  who  was  in  the  army, 
but  never  became  a  general  oilicer,  was  said  to 

have  been  seen  in  company  -^dth  Dr.  M at 

Paris  at  the  commencement  of  the  French  Revo- 
lution, the  Doctor  well  knowing  him  and  his  his- 
tory. "  Curiosus "  then  refers  to  some  other 
Quaker  lady  who  had  a  strong  hold  on  the  affec- 
tions of  the  royal  Adonis,  but  the  "  attempt  was 
instantly  and  peremptorily  discountenanced  by  the 
lady." 

Thus  ends  the  history  as  far  as  The  Monthly 
Magazine  is  concerned. 

Our  next  extract — a  long  one — is  from  a  pam- 
phlet published  in  1824,  written  by  some  one  who 
had  obviously  been  behind  the  scenes  during  the 
exciting  period  of  the  Queen's  trial.  It  is  written 
in  a  better  style  than  some  other  pieces  of  secret 
history  which  we  shall  have  occasion  to  notice :  — 


"  The  Queen  at  this  time  laboured  under  a  very  curious, 
and  to  me  unaccountable,  species  of  delusion.  She  fancied 
herself  in  reality  neither  a  queen  nor  a  wife.  She  be- 
lieved his  present  Majesty  to  have  been  actually  married 
to  Mrs.  Fitzherbert ;  and  she  as  fully  believed  that  his 
late  Majesty  George  the  Third  was  married  to  Miss 
Hannah  Li'ghtfoot,  the  beautiful  Quakeress,  previous  to 
his  marriage  with  Queen  Charlotte  ;  that  a  marriage  was 
a  second  time  solemnized  at  Kew  (under  the  colour  of  an 
evening's  entertainment)  after  the  death  of  Miss  Light- 
foot  ;  and  as  that  lady  did  not  die  till  after  the  births  of 
the  present  King  and  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of 
York,  her  Majesty  really  considered  the  Duke  of  Clarence 
the  true  heir  to"  the  throne.  Her  Majesty  thought  also 
that  the  knowledge  of  this  circumstance  by  the  ministers 
was  the  true  cause  of  George  the  Fourth's  retaining  the 
Torv  administration  when  he  came  into  power. 

""How  the  Queen  came  seriously  to  entertain  such 
romantic  suppositions  as  these,  it  is  not  for  me  to  know. 
It  ma}'  be  perhaps  regarded  as  a  melancholy  proof  of  the 
principles  and  abilities  of  some  persons  surrounding'royal 
personages  ;  but  that  she  did  entertain  them  I  know  well, 
and  let  anv  of  her  l\Iajesty's  friends  contradict  me  if  they 
can.  If  they  do,  and  they  require  me  to  mention  my 
author,  I  will  do  so  if  called  upon  in  a  proper  manner  and 
in  a  proper  place. 

"  Indeed  I  was  myself  requested  to  call  upon  Mrs.  Han- 
cock to  make  enquiries  relative  to  what  she  might  think 


S'l  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


on  the  subject,  as  she  had  the  pleasure  of  being  intimate 
with  Miss  Lightfoot.  I  was  also  requested  to  see  the 
person  who  styles  herself  (whether  justly  or  imjustly  sig- 
nifies little  to  the  subject)  Princess  of  Cumberland,  to 
know  if  any  of  her  real  or  presumed  documents  contained 
reference  to  that  subject. 

•'  Having  no  knowledge  of  Mrs.  Hancock,  who,  I  un- 
derstand, is  a  highly  respectable  lady,  I  could  not  pre- 
sume to  take  so  great  a  liberty  as  to  call  upon  her  upon 
a  subject  so  extraordinary.  But  knowing  a  friend  who 
was  intimately  acquainted  with  the  latter,  I  requested 
him  to  ask  a  question  which  I  felt  I  could  have  no  right 
to  ask  myself.  The  answer  was,  '  that  all  her  documents 
tvera  in  her  own  possession.'  This  reply  I  sent  to  the 
personage  I  have  so  often  alluded  to,  and  I  also  trans- 
mitted the  following  intelligence,  with  which  Sir  William 

was  so  obliging  as  to  favour  me  ;    viz.  That  Jliss 

Hannah  Lightfoot,  when  j'oung,  lived  with  her  father 
and  mother;  who  at  the  time  of  Prince  George's  residence 
at  Leicester  House,  kept  a  linen-draper's  shop  at  the 
corner  of  St.  .James's  Market. 

"  When  the  Prince  went  to  St.  James's,  the  coach 
always  passed  that  way,  and  seeing  the  young  lady  at 
the  window  occasionally,  he  became  enamoured  of  her, 
and  employed  Miss  Chudleigh,  afterwards  Duchess  of 
Kingston,  to  concert  an  interview.  From  this  time  fre- 
quent meetings  were  secured  at  the  house  of  a  Mr. 
Perrhyn  of  Knightsbridge,  who  was,  I  believe, Miss  Light- 
foot's  uncle. 

"The  Court  is  said  to  have  taken  alarm  at  these  cir- 
cumstances ;  and  Miss  Chudleigh,  seeing  the  danger 
likely  to  ensue,  privately  offered  to  become  a  medium  of 
getting  the  young  lady  married.  With  this  view  she 
got  acquainted  with  a  person  who  was  a  friend  of  the 
Lightfoot  family,  named  Axford,  and  who  lived  at  that 
time  on  Lvidgate  Hill.  This  person  consented  to  pay  his 
addresses  to  Miss  Lightfoot,  and  even  nominally-  to 
marry  her  upon  the  assurance  of  receiving  with  her  a 
considerable  dower. 

"  Miss  Lightfoot  is  supposed  to  have  given  in  to  the 
plan,  for  she  was  married  at  Keith's  Chapel  in  1754, 
though  the  marriage  was  never  consummated  ;  for  Miss 
Chudleigh,  who  had  contrived  the  match  (probably  with 
the  sanction  of  all  parties),  took  her  into  a  coach  "as  she 
came  out  of  the  church  door,  and  the  husband  pocketed 
the  dower,  but  never  saw  his  wife  afterwards.  The 
mother  indeed  heard  from  the  daughter  once  or  twice 
before  she  died,  and  Axford  made  enquiries  after  her  at 
Weymouth,  Windsor,  and  Kew  ;  and  once  is  even  said 
to  have  presented  a  petition  to  the  King  on  his  knees  as 
his  Majestj'  was  riding  one  day  in  St.  James's  Park,  but 
no  certain  account  of  her  was  ever  known  from  the  period 
of  her  marriage  day. 

"  She  was  taken,  it  is  supposed,  under  the  protection  of 
Prince  George  under  an  assumed  name,  and  is  said  to 
have  had  a  daughter  subsequently  married  to  a  gentle- 
man of  the  name  of  Dal  ton  or  Dalston,  who  afterwards 
received  an  appointment  from  the  East  India  Companj' 
in  Bengal,  whither  he  went,  and  where  he  died,  leaving 
three  daughters. 

"  Mr.  Axford,  in  the  meantime,  not  hearing '  anything 
of  his  wife,  and  probably  considering  his  marriage  not 
strictly  binding,  since  it  had  never  been  consummated, 
married  another  lady,  named  Bartlett,  then  living  at 
Keevil,  in  North  Wiltshire  ;  and,  after  the  expiration  of 
fifty-eight  years,  died  without  ever  being  able  to  obtain 
any  intelligence  of  his  first  bride. 

"  Three  things  are  very  remarkable  in  the  history  of  this 
lady — viz.  that  she  was  never  personally  known  to  the 
public  ;  that  her  residence  while  alive  was  never  publicly 
known  ;  and  that  so  strict  a  secresy  was  observed  at  her 
death,  that  it  is  nowhere  upon  known  record,  though  it 


has  been  said  that  she  died  of  grief  in  the  parish  of  St. 
James,  and  was  buried  imder  a  feigned  name  in  the  parish 
of  Islington,  where  probably  she  may  rest  without  a  stone 
to  tell  the  history  either  of  her  life,  death,  guilt,  inno- 
cence, splendour,  or  misfortune." — An  Historical  Fragment 
relative  to  Her  late  Majesty  Queen  Caroline,  pp.  44-50. 

There  are  one  or  two  points  in  this  statement 
wliicli  deserve  notice.  First,  it  is  clear  that  as 
early  as  1824  Mrs.  Wilmot  Serres  was  mixed  np 
with  the  story ;  and  next,  what  could  Mrs.  Hand- 
cock,  who  was  only  a  friend  of  this  mysterious 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  mean  by  "her  documents  were 
in  her  own  possession  ?  "  What  documents  could 
she  possibly  have  ?  Has  not  the  Writer  rather 
confounded  Mrs.  Wilmot  and  Mrs.  Handcock's 
replies,  and  was  it  not  the  former  who  spoke  of 
"  her  documents  ?  " 

Eight  years  after  this — namely,  in  1832,  the 
scandal  was  revived  in  that  notorious  collection  of 
libels  The  Aidheiitic  Records  of  the  Court  of  Eng- 
land for  the  last  Seventy  Years,  where,  after  telling 
how  the  Prince  of  Wales,  when  passing  through 
St.  James'  Street  and  its  immediate  vicinity, "  saw 
a  most  engaging  and  prepossessing  young  lady 
dressed  in  the  garb  usually  worn  by  the  female 
Quakers,"  it  states  he  became  so  enamoured  of 
her  that  — 

"  At  length  the  passion  of  the  Prince  arrived  at  such  a' 
point  that  he  felt  assured  his  happiness  or  misery  depended 
upon  his  receiving  this  lady  in  marriage.  Up  to  this  period 
the  Prince  had  at  all  times  exhibited  and  expressed  his 
high  regard  for  all  virtuous  undertakings  and  engage- 
ments ;  but  he  well  knew  that  virtue  could  seldom  be 
found  in  a  court 

"  One  individual  only  was  the  friend  of  the  Prince  on 
this  occasion,  and  in  the  year  1759  the  Prince  was  legally 
married  to  this  lady,  Hannah  Lightfoot,  at  Curzon  Street 
Chapel,  May  Fair.  The  only  positive  witness  of  royal 
faith  was  the  Prince's  eldest  brother  Edward,  Duke  of 
York,  &c.  &c.,  who  at  all  times  was  the  adviser  or  friend 
of  George,  and  whose  honour  the  Prince  knew  was  in- 
violable."—Pp.  2  and  3.- 

But  terrible  events  followed,  says  the  Authentic 
Hecorder  — 

"  The  ministry  soon  became  aware  that  some  alliance 
had  been  formed,  and  their  irritation  ivas  soon  followed  by 
exclamation!  " 

Nay,  not  only  did  they  cry  ''Oh  fie,  you  naughty 
boy  !  "  which  is,  I  suppose,  what  the  writer  means 
by  "followed  by  exclamation,"  but  they  made 
him  marry  another  wife,  and 

"  Miss  Lightfoot  was  disposed  of  during  a  temporary 
absence  of  his  brother  Edward,  and  from  that  time  not 
any  satisfactory  tidings  have  reached  those  most  inter- 
ested in  her  welfare.  One  thing  only  transpired,  which 
was,  that  a  young  gentleman  named  Axford  was  offered  a 
large  amount,  to  be  paid  upon  the  consummation  of  his 
marriage  with  Miss  Lightfoot,  which  offer  he  accepted. 
The  King  was  greatly  distressed  to  ascer- 
tain the  fate  of  his  much-loved  and  legally-married  wife, 
the  Quakeress ;  and  he  entrusted  iorrf  Chatham  to  go  in 
disguise  and  endeavour  to  trace  her  abode  ;  but  the  search 
was  fruitless,  and  again  the  King  was  almost  distracted." 
Pp.  5-7. 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3»d  S.  XI.  Fee.  9,  '67. 


But  according  to  this  Authentic  Recorder  not  only 
was  the  King  distracted  but  the  Queen,  who  knew 
Ms  secret,  was  no  less  so ;  and,  in  1765,  insisted 
upon  heing  again  married,  and  "  Dr.  Wilmot  ! ! 
loj  his  Majesty's  appointment,  performed  the  cere- 
mony at  their  palace  at  Kew.  The  King's  brother 
Edward  was  present  upon  this  occasion,  as  he  had 
been  on  the  two  former  ones!" 

The  book  we  have  here  quoted  contains  many 
other  passages  equally  clear  and  consistent,  but  it 
detracts  perhaps  from  its  value  as  an  authority, 
that  the  publisher  of  it  was  indicted  for  a  libel  of 
revolting  character  upon  the  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land, contained  in  a  "  deposition "  which  a  cer- 
tain individual  "was inclined  to  give."  The  very 
individual  on  whose  pretended  deposition  the  libel 
was  founded  was,  however,  produced  in  court  and 
utterly  denounced  it,  and  the  publisher  was  conse- 
quently convicted.  The  book  is  then  said  to  have 
been  suppressed. 

But  the  story  we  have  j  ust  told  from  the  Ati- 
thentic  Records  is  repeated  in  another  work  of  simi- 
lar character,  which  also  bears  the  date  of  1832 ; 
though,  as  it  will  presently  be  seen,  there  is  reason 
to  believe  it  was  not  circulated,  for  it  can  scarcely 
be  said  to  have  been  published,  till  a  year  or  two 
after.  This  is  The  Secret  History  of  the  Court  of 
England,  8fc,  By  the  Right  Honorable  Lady 
Anne  Hamiltmi,  Sister  of  his  Grace  the  preseiit 
Duhe  of  Hamilton  and  Brandon,  and  of  the  Countess 
of  Dunmore. 

Mr.  Jesse  speaks  of  these  two  literary  produc- 
tions as  being  composed  by  persons  not  ill  informed 
in  the  secret  history  of  the  couH — a  point  on  which 
we  by  no  means  agree  with  ]Mr.  Jesse ;  and  we 
are  surprised  that,  as  he  seems  to  have  especially 
consulted  them,  it  never  struck  him  that,  as  PuiF 
says  in  The  Critic,  "  when  these  "  writers,  not  ill- 
informed  in  the  secret  history  of  the  court  ''  do 
agree  their  xmanimity  is  wonderful,"  and  that 
having  the  books  before  him  he  should  not  have 
discovered  that  The  Secret  History  (with  which 
the  lady  whose  name  appears  on  the  title-page 
had  no  more  to  do  than  Hannah  Lightfoot  herself) 
is  only  The  Aidhentic  Records  newly  revised. 

This  The  Quarterly  Revieio,  in  reviewing  the 
latter,  showed  as  long  since  as  April  1838  (vol. 
Ixi.  p.  406)  :  where  the  Reviewer,  after  expressing 
his  belief  that  the  publication  of  the  Authentic 
Record  and  Secret  History  was  not  "  instigated  so 
much  by  individual  malice,  as  by  a  reckless  and 
shameless  desire  of  gain  acting  upon  low,  brutal, 
and  malignant  natures,"  tells  us  how  the  books 
were  circulated,  not  published :  — 

"  The  former  publication,  which  is  about  the  size 
usually  sold  for  seven  or  eight  shillings,  was  circulated, 
imder  t/ie  cloak,  at  the  modest  price  of  11.  Is.,  and  the  ex- 
travagance of  the  sum  was  a  decoy  to  make  the  credu- 
lous suppose  that  there  must  be  something  very  piquant 
in  so  dear  a  volume.  The  present  work  is — en  the  same 
principle — retailed  by  a  woman,  who  in  the  dusk  comes 


to  the  door  and  offers  Lady  Anne  Hamilton's  Journal  at 
the  same  modest  price  of  one  guinea  per  volume." 

We  presume  the  game  was  not  very  profitable ; 
for  some  years  afterwards  the  remainder  of  the 
book  was  oft'ered  by,  probably  the  very  same 
woman,  to  a  well-known  bookseller,  who  declined 
the  purchase,  and  copies  were  to  be  procured  a 
few  years  since  at  a  very  trifling  price. 

Mr.  Jesse  refers  then  to  Mr.  Beckford's  confirm- 
ation of  some  of  the  statements  in  these  libels, 
but  I  must  defer  my  remarks  upon  this  point 
until  next  week.  William  J.  Thoms. 


REMAEKABLE  PAINTINGS  ON  EOOPSCREENS 
IN  NORFOLK. 

I  have  lately  met  with  two  very  imusual  repre- 
sentations of  a  saint,  occurring  on  roodscreens  in 
Norfolk  churches,  one  at  Suffield,  the  other  at  North 
Tuddenham.  The  figure  at  Sufiield  is  that  of  a 
warrior  in  armour,  wearing  a  helmet,  and  holding 
a  falcon  in  his  left  hand,  while  with  his  right  he 
holds  xip  a  priest's  black  cassock  thrown  over  his 
suit  of  armour,  but  so  as  to  display  one  arm  and 
leg  enca,sed  ih  armour.  The  other  figure  occurs 
on  the  south  side  of  the  roodscreen  at  North  Tud- 
denham. It  represents  a  priest  in  his  cassock, 
holding  a  falcon,  like  the  other,  upon  his  left  hand. 

These  paintings  both  represent  St.  Jeron,  priest 
and  martyr.  Few  particulars  of  his  history  are 
known,  but  I  will  put  together  all  that  is  recorded. 
St.  Jeron,  otherwise  Hieron,  was  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, according  to  some  authors ;  though  others 
say  of  England,  or  indefinitely  of  Great  Britain. 
He  was  of  noble  blood,  but  renounced  the  world, 
and  became  a  priest.  Out  of  zeal  to  spread  the 
Gospel  in  Holland,  he  went  over  to  that  country, 
and  preached  the  Christian  faith  there,  suft'ering 
many  painful  trials  and  much  persecution  for  many 
years.  His  labours,  however,  were  blessed  with 
great  fruit  in  the  conversion  of  many  from  Pa- 
ganism. At  length,  when  the  Danes  and  Normans 
made  incursions  into  Holland,  he  was  martyred 
by  them,  out  of  hatred  to  the  Christian  faith, 
which  he  had  so  zealously  preached,  being  be- 
headed in,  or  about  the  year  856,  at  the  town  of 
Noortwyck.  His  body  was  solemnly  translated  to 
Egmondt,  and  there  honourably  deposited  in  the 
Benedictine  Monastery  of  St.  Adalbert,  by  the 
devotion  of  Thierry,  the  second  Count  of  Brabant. 
St.  Jeron  is  commemorated  in  the  Belgic  Calendar, 
and  in  the  Gallican  Martyrology  on  August  17. 
Some  notices  of  him  will  be  found  in  the  Kerck- 
liche  Historic  of  M.  Lambrecht,  Bishop  of  Bruges  ; 
in  Wilson's  English  Martyrologe,  who  refers  to 
Molanus,  Cratepus,  Wion,  and  others ;  in  Cressy's 
Church  History  of  England,  who  refers  to  the 
Centuriators  of  INEagdeburg ;  and  in  Bp.  Chal- 
loner's  Britannia  Sancta. 


3"i  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


In  that  useful  work,  Die  Attribute  der  HeiJigen, 
St.  Jeron  is  described  as  a  priest,  holding  a  falcon 
on  one  hand,  and  a  sword  in  the  other.  In  the 
figures  above  described,  we  have  the  saint  repre- 
sented as  a  warrior  and  a  priest,  and  holding  a 
falcon.  Thus  his  early  career  as  a  nobleman  is 
indicated  by  the  armour  and  the  falcon,  his  sub- 
seq[uent  labours  by  the  priestly  cassock,  and  his 
martyrdom  by  the  sword.  F.  C.  H. 


A  "  Lectureship." — Any  deterioration  of  the 
English  language  on  the  part  of  a  learned  body 
ought  to  be  "noted"  and  reprobated.  I  do  not 
know  how  far  the  University  of  Dublin  may  be 
responsible  for  the  diction  of  the  Buhlin  Univer- 
sity Calendar;  but  I  am  surprised  at  finding  in 
that  work  an  established  use  of  the  word  "  lec- 
tureship," meaning  the  ofiice  of  a  lecturer.  One 
is  familiar  with  this  corruption  in  the  newspapers ; 
but  if  it  is  to  receive  the  sanction  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth's University,  the  sooner  that  body  reverts  to 
her  old  appellation  of  the  "  silent  sister "  the 
better  for  our  language.  If  we  are  to  say  lecture- 
ship for  lecturership,  we  ought  by  analogy  to  say 
sermonship  for  preachership.  C.  G.  Peowett. 

Carlton  Club. 

A  Hideous  SuPERSTiTioif. — I  cut  the  following 
from  The  Standard  of  Saturday,  Dec.  8 :  — 

"  The  Fremdenblatt  of  Vienna  has  the  following  most 
extraordinarj-  statement :  '  At  Kechnitz,  in  Hungary,  a 
man  has  committed  a  horrible  act  through  superstition  : 
he  has  successively  assassinated  four  children,  and  eaten 
their  hearts  raw,  believing  that  he  would  become  invisible 
when  he  had  done  the  same  to  seven.  The  crime  was 
discovered  before  he  had  time  to  arrive  at  the  end  of  his 
atrocity,  and  the  man  is  in  custody.'" 

Is  it  worth  making  a  ''note  "  of? 

Wm.  Chandler  Heald. 

The  Rose  of  Normandy. — As  you  have  often 
admitted  ia  your  periodical  notes  on  tavern  signs, 
may  I  ask  you  to  favour  the  following  communi- 
cation with  a  few  inches  space  ? 

The  "Rose  of  Normandy"  is  the  sign  of  a 
public-house  in  the  High  Street,  Marylebone.  In 
my  History  of  Signboards  I  have  not  attempted  to 
offer  an  explanation  of  that  sign,  as  no  obvious 
one  occurred  to  me.  But  since  that  work  was 
published  I  have  met  with  a  political  poem  writ- 
ten on  the  Battle  of  Towton  (1461),  in  which 
Edward  IV.,  then  Earl  of  March,  is  called  the 
Rose  of  Rouen,  on  account  of  his  being  born  in 
that  city. 
"  Now  is  the  Eose  of  Rone  grown  to  a  gret  honoure, 

Therefore  sing  we  euerychone,  I-blessid  be  that  floure ! 

I  warne  you  euerychone,  for  [ye]  shuld  understonde, 

There  sprange  a  Rose  in  Rone,  and  sprad  into  Eng- 
londe,"  &c.,  &c.* 


Archceologia,  vol.  xxix.  p.  343. 


From  this  manner  of  designating  the  prince,  it 
seems  not  improbable  that  the  Rose  of  Rouen,  or 
of  Normandy,  may  have  become  a  popular  sign 
when  he  mounted  the  throne.  Now,  though  the 
house  in  question  does  not  date  from  that  time, 
yet  it  is  said  to  be  the  oldest  in  the  parish.  It  is 
therefore  possible  that,  at  the  first  opening  of  this 
tavern,  a  sign  was  adopted  for  it ;  which,  though 
already  antiquated,  Vas  then  perhaps  not  quite  so 
unusual  as  it  is  now.  ^  Jacob  Larwood. 

Cork  Periodicals. — A  Cork  bookseller  named 
Bolster  published  a  magazine  to  which  he  gave 
his  own  name.  He  applied  to  a  literary  friend 
of  mine  to  contribute,  but  offered  so  slender  a 
remuneration  that  his  proposal  was  declined. 
"However,"  said  my  friend,  "I  will  furnish  you 
with  a  suitable  name."  "  What  is  it  ?  "  eagerly 
inquired  the  bibliopole.  "Call  it  'The  Cork 
Screw ! ' " 

It  was  in  this  that  Dr.  Maginn  (afterwards  so 
distinguished  in  London  as  a  contributor  to  Black- 
tvood  and  Fraser)  made  his  debut  in  literature. 
Waterfordiensis. 

Old  Temperance  Stanzas. — The  enclosed  may 
interest  some  of  your  readers,  more  especially  Mr. 
George  Cruikshank.  Written  about  the  year 
1470:  — 

"  W  litill  fode  content  ys  nature 
And  beter  y«  bodi  fereth  w'  a  lite 
Then  when  it  charged  ys  oute  of  mesure 
Loke  what  thing  may  y«  body  profite 
And  y*^  sonne  shalt  in  y^  same  delite 
What  thing  it  distemp'ereth  and  diseseth 
The  soule  it  hirteth  for  it  God  displeseth. 

"  Wynes  delicat  and  swete  and  stronge 
Causeth  full  many  an  inconvenientise 
Zif  y'  a  man  outragly  hem  fonge 
Thei  biriyen  wyt  and  forbede  silence 
Of  counsell  yei  outragen  pacience 
Thei  kyndelt  yre  and  firen  lecherj'e 
And  causen  bothe  bodi  and  soule  to  die." 

MS.  Brit.  Mus.  Reg.  8,  A.  xxi. 
Stuart  A.  Moore. 
Erith,  S.E. 

Sir  Philip  Vere  Broke  and  Washington 
Irving. — In  a  review  of  Washington  Irving's  re- 
cently published  Remains,  I  see  it  stated  that  the 
accomplished  American  has  recorded  an  opinion 
that  Broke's  memorable  challenge  to  Captain 
Lawrence  of  the  Chesapeake  was  prompted  by  a 
mere  thirst  for  reputation. 

I  grew  up  among  naval  officers,  Broke's  con- 
temporaries, the  majority  of  whom  had  won  repu- 
tations of  their  own  under  Howe  and  Nelson. 
They  spoke  with  the  greatest  imaginable  freedom 
of  the  men  whom  they  had  known,  and  they 
were  certainly  the  last  persons  in  the  world  to 
approve  of  any  military  action  unworthily  under- 
taken. My  distinct  recollection  is  that  all  spoke 
of  Sir  Philip  Broke   and  his  gallant   action    in 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67 


terms  of  the  most  enthusiastic  and  unqualified 
admiration.  The  fact  that  his  wounds,  sustained 
on  the  deck  of  the  Chesapeake,  -svere  a  permanent 
cause  of  sufiering  and  of  disqualification  for  further 
service,  was  always  mentioned  with  expressions 
of  sympathy  and  of  regret  that  so  brilliant  a 
career  had  been  prematurely  arrested. 

My  late  father  (who,  although  a  brother  officer, 
had  never  met  Captain  Broke)  frequently  wrote 
little  sea-songs  which  gained  some  popularity  in 
Plymouth  Dock  and  on  Common-Hard.  At  the 
commencement  of  hostilities  with  America,  he 
published  one  which  contained  these  lines :  — 
"  As  the  -vvar  they  did  provoke, 

We'll  pay  them  with  our  cannon  ; 
The  first  to  do  it  will  be  Broke 
In  his  gallant  ship  the  Shannon." 
In  describing  the  action  thus  foretold,  Mr.  Joyce 
Gould,  editor  of  the  Naval  Chronicle,  quoted  these 
lines,  saying  that  Captain  Broke  had  fully  realised 
the  prediction  of  "  the  prophetic  bard."  This  little 
fact  may  be  considered  useful  as  evidence  of  the 
esteem  in  which  the  captor  of  the  Chesapeake 
was  held  by  his  service,  and  of  the  expectations 
which  a  knowledge  of  his  previous  character  and 
career  had  led  them  to  form  of  the  part  which  he 
was  likely  to  take  in  that  war.  As  the  son  of  a  poet 
I  may  be  pardoned  for  quoting  two  more  lines 
from  the  lays  of  "the  prophetic  bard."  They 
formed  part  of  a  nigger  melody  descriptive  of  the 
action  — 

"  Yankee  got  good  dinner  hot ; 
Bnt  himself  did  go  to  pot ! 

Yankee  doodle,"  &c.  &c. 

Calcuttensis, 

Old  Pack  or  Cards.  —  I  have  a  curious  old 
pack  of  cards,  and  should  like  to  know  their  age. 
They  are  roughly  coloured,  and  the  margins  filled 
with  representations  of  birds,  dragons,  bats,  but- 
terflies, &c.  In  the  centre  of  each  is  an  oval 
containing  either  verses  or  different  kinds  of  letters. 
At  the  top  of  the  card  is  a  diamond  or  heart,  as 
the  case  may  be,  and  a  figure  on  the  side  to  denote 
its  value.    1  give  some  specimens  of  the  verses : — 

"  A  Queen  whose  heart's  to  love  inelin'd, 
A  Jewell  is  to  women-kinde." 
"  Play  faire. 
Do  not  sweare, 
From  oaths  forbeare." 
"  First  learn  to  know 
The  Crls  cross  row  (qy.  ?), 
And  then  to  spell 
Your  Letters  well." 
"  If  you  play,  lay  no  more 
Than  you  can  freel}'  give  the  Poore." 
"  Cards  maj'  be  used 
But  not  abused, 
And  they  used  well 
All  games  excell." 

"  When  land  and  livings  all  are  spent, 
Then  learning  is  most  excellent." 


"  Play  not  for  coine  in  these  regards  ; 
Men  loose,  and  then  they  curs  the  Cards." 

Upon  the  Queen  of  Spades  — • 

"  Where  Queens  by  vertue  treuly  swaide, 
No  evill  can  theire  minds  invade.'' 

On  the  King  of  Spades — 

"  The  greatest  King  by  sithe  and  spade 
Must  equal  in  the  Dust  be  laid." 

On  the  King  of  Hearts  — 

"  A  trusty  heart  suits  to  a  King, 
And  subjects  true  in  everj'  thing." 

On  the  Queen  of  Diamonds  — 

"  True  virtues  are 
As  diamonds  fair, 
Fit  to  be  seen 
In  any  Queene." 

John  Piggot,  Juif. 

Ben  RnrDDiNG,  —  Mr.  Taylor,  in  his  Words 
and  Places,  refers  (p.  232  and  elsewhere)  to  this 
name  as  "  apparently  a  vestige  of  the  passage  of 
the  Gael  across  England."  That  jjassage  must 
have  been  very  recent,  as  the  name  did  not  exist 
twenty  years  ago.  Its  origin  may  as  well  be 
chronicled  in  "  N.  &  Q."  as  a  caution  to  future 
etymologists.  About  1843,  a  number  of  believers 
in  the  water-cure  subscribed  together  to  found  a 
hydropathic  establishment  on  a  hill  near  Ilkley, 
and  gave  to  it  the  name  of  Ben  Rhydding.  I 
happened  one  day  to  be  in  conversation  with  one 
of  the  most  active  of  the  formders,  and  asked  him 
how  it  was  that,  when  they  fixed  on  the  name, 
they  did  not  call  it  Pen  Rhydding  instead  of 
Ben  Rhydding,  and  I  referred  to  Penrith,  Peny- 
gharl,  Penistone,  &c.  "  Oh,"  he  said,  "  the  origin 
of  the  term  was  much  simpler.  We  wanted,  of 
course,  some  name ;  and  looking  into  our  deeds, 
we  found  that  the  field  on  which  we  had  erected 
our  establishment  was  conveyed  to  us  as  the  Beau 
Ridding;  and  we  just  struck  out  the  a  in  the  first 
word,  and  metamorphosed  the  second  by  changing 
i  into  hy,  and  so  we  made  'Ben  Rhydding.'  " 

C.  H. 

Leeds, 


^ntviti. 


Advertising.— Can  any  one  inform  me  when, 
and  in  what  country,  the  custom  of  advertising, 
of  whatever  kind,  began  ?  If  there  be  any  work 
in  existence  treating  of  its  origin  and  progress,  I 
should  be  thankful  to  be  informed  of  the  title. 

E.  ^V.  P. 

Botilton's  "  Vindication  of  a  complete  His- 
TOKT  OF  Magick,"  1722. — Where  can  the  "  Com- 
plete History,"  of  which  the  above  is  a  vindica- 
tion, in  reply  to  Scot,  be  seen  ?  It  is  not  in  the 
British  Museum.  Ralph  Thomas. 


3fd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


llo 


A:N'OXYMors. — Who  were  tlie  authors  of  the  fol- 
lo'R-ing  tracts  ?  — 

1.  Apologrj  for  a  Protestant  Dissent  .  .  .  principally 
supported  upon  the  writings  of  Phileleutherus  Canta- 
brigiensis.    Lond.  1755,  8vo,  pp.  CO. 

2.  Three  Letters  on  Systematic  Taste  [on  Dr.  Young's 
Centaur  not  Fabulous].    Lond.  1755,  8v'o,  pp.  58. 

3.  IVay  to  he  Wise  and  Wealthy.  By  a  Merchant. 
Lond.  1755,  8vo,  pp.  62. 

Wm.  E.  a.  Axoif. 
Gary's  Dante  "is  a  thing  of  the  past.     There 
are  better  English  translations"  {Saticrday Review, 
p.  6o3),     What  are  they,  and  which  is  the  best  ? 

M.  Y.  L. 
Champaign-.  —  Biibb     Doddington    (i-kle     his 
Diary,  February  1,  1753)   "■  Went  to  the  House 
to  vote  for  liberty  to  import  champaign  in  bottles. 
Lord  Hillsborough  moyed  it,  Mr.  Fox  seconded  it. 
We  lost  the  question— Ayes  74,  Noes  141."  How 
was  champaign  imported  then,  if  not  in  bottle  ? 
J.  WiiEiNS,  B.C.L. 
Cuddington,  Aylesbuiy. 

Drtdex's  "Address  to  Claeendon." — Can  any 
of  your  readers  direct  me  to,  or  enable  me  to  see, 
the  first  edition  of  Dryden's  Address  to  the  Lord 
Chancellor  Clarendon,  published  in  1G62  ? 

CH. 

"  The  Dublin-  Cheistian  Insteuctoe,"  etc. 
I  haye  now  before  me  twenty-two  monthly  num- 
bers of  an  8vo  periodical  entitled  The  Dublin 
Christian  Instructor,  and  Hepo'tort/  of  Education, 
and  published  in  Dublin  by  M.  Good-win,  29,  Den- 
mark Street,  from  January,  1818,  to  October,  1819. 
Can  you  tell  me  whether  any  more  numbers  ap- 
peared, and  who  was  the  editor  ?  I  cannot  find 
any  mention  of  it  in  the  List  of  Irish  Periodical 
Publications  by  John  Power,  Esq.  Abhba. 

Gtrxs  AND  Pistols. — Were  the  guns  and  pistols 
used  in  this  coimtry  during  our  great  ciyil  war, 
1042 — 1660,  furnished  with  flints,  or  were  they 
matchlocks  only  ?  I  think  the  latter,  but  require 
eyidence.  A.  0.  V.  P. 

Lady  Ann  Halket's  "Mexoies."  —  Where 
can  I  see  a  copy  of  the  Life  of  Ann  Murray 
liaJhet,  4to,  Edinburgh,  1701? 

Where  is  now  the  copy  which  Bindley  had, 
afterwards  sold  to  Ptodd "  at  Ileber's  sale,  and 
which  contained  her  portrait  drawn  on  yellum  ? 

Is  it,  as  I  haye  been  informed,  an  Auto- 
biography ?  William  J.  Thoms.     I 

RiCHAED  Hey,  LL.D.  —  This  gentleman,  who 
wa3  Fellow  of  Sidney,  Sussex,  and  Magdalen 
Colleges,  Cambridge,  was  brother  of  the  Rev.  Pro- 
fessor Hey,  of  the  same  uniyersity.  He  published, 
in  1812,  Dissertations  on  the  Pernicious  Effects  of 
Gaming,  Duellin;,',  and  Suicide.  He  is  also  the 
autlior  of  The  Captive  Monarch,  a  tragedy,  &c.,  &c. 
In  1791  he  printed  at  York  two  short  dramas : 


Honour  and  Love,  a  dialogue  in  two  acts  for  fiye 
persons;  and  The  Shelter,  written  for  a  private 
family.  As  only  the  titles  of  these  pieces  (which 
are  named  in  the  Bior/rajihia  Dratnatica)  are 
known  to  me,  would  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
j  who  may  have  a  copy  of  the  volume,  give  me  the 
'  names  of  the  dramatis  per sonce?  The  book  seems 
to  have  been  privately  printed.  What  is  the  date 
of  the  author's  death  ?  E.  I. 

Tom  Lee,  the  Ceaven  Muedeeee.  —  I  have 
for  some  time  past  been  engaged  on  a  new  edi- 
tion of  my  Stories  of  the  Craven  Dales,  published 
by  Tasker  of  Skipton,  and  long  out  of  print.  I  am 
desirous  of  obtaining  full  particulars  of  what  is 
called  in  Craven  "  The  Gross-wood  Murder." 
The  murder  was  committed  towards  the  close  of 
the  last  century  (I  think  about  1786),  and  the 
victim  was  a  Doctor  Pett^i;,  a  village  surgeon. 
Lee  was  tried  at  York  and'executed  there.  Ac- 
cording to  the  practice  of  those  "  good  old  times," 
his  body  was  gibbeted  on  the  spot  where  he 
committed  the  murder.  I  have  tried  in  vain  to 
obtain  information.  Perhaps  some  collector  of 
broadsides  may  have  a  "Complaint,"  or  "Last 
dying  speech."  If  so,  I  shall  feel  obliged  by  any 
information  in  "  N.  &  Q."  I  shall  call  the  new 
edition  of  my  book  "  Chronicles,  &c."  and  not 
Stories.  S.  Jackson. 

The  Flatts,  Malham  Moor,  Yorkshire. 

Heney  Maeten. — Does  any  portrait  of  Henry 
Marten  exist  besides  the  portrait  at  St.  Pierre, 
Chepstow,  which,  on  the  authority  of  Coxe,  is  now 
generally  supposed  to  be  his  ?  n    *    tti 


H.  A.  E. 


Maeriage  Ring. — What  sects,-  other  than  the 
Society  of  Friends,  object  to  the  use  of  wedding 
rings?  JosEPHTTS.'^ 

Musical  Biogeaphy. — Was  Dr.  Thomas  Cam- 
pion of  the  seventeenth  century,  a  graduate  in 
music  ? — Who  was  the  Rev.  John  Darwell,  author 
of  several  hymn-tunes  about  1780? — Who  wa.s 

Collins,     composer    of    "  Bromsgrove," 

"  Stoughton,"  and  other  hymn-times  about  1800? 
psalmodist. 

Quotations  wanted. 

" .     .     .     .     Images  and  gentle  thoughts, 
Which  cannot  die  and  will  not  be  destroyed." 

H.  FisHwiOK. 

"  His  frigid  glance  was  fixed  upon  my  face. 
And  -n-ell  I  knew  that  it  had  so  been  set 
Since  I  had  entered  into  that  dim  place, 

By  the  far  watching  gesture  he  had  yet. 
Those  eyes !  those  eyes  !  the^-  pierce  my  very  braiu. 
Their  keen  look  forcing  ice  through  even'  vein  !  " 

'    w.  s. 

Are  the  following  lines  taken  from  the  works 
of  any  known  author?  Tliey  appeared  anony- 
mously in  a  periodical  which  used  to  be  published 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '6 


in  Liverpool,   and  tliey  formed  the  commence- 
ment of  a  satirical  sketch.      They  refer  to  the 
Eoman  Ciirtius :  — 
"  Imperial  Rome,  victorious  o'er  the  Gauls, 
Hath  scarce  upreared  once  more  her  war-wrecked  walls, 
When,  like  a  pall  that  wraps  the  livid  dead, 
Wide  o'er  the  city  proud  a  cloud  hath  spread,"  &c. 

M.  R. 
.  JoHX  PoTEJs-GEE,  EsQ.  —  Will  youT  Correspon- 
dent C.  W.  B.  be  Mnd  enough  to  inform  me  who 
was  this  gentleman,  whose  memoirs  were  edited 
by  him,  as  appears  from  a  note  on  p.  400  of 
Roberts's  Social  History  of  the  Southern  Counties  1 

w.  w.  s. 

Pig-Tails. — By  what  European  nation,  and  at 
what  period,  was  the  use  of  pig-tails  first  intro- 
duced into  Europe  ?  The  Yanra-Vansi  Pi.ajas  of 
Poor-bimden,  i.  e.  the  City  of  Monkeys,  on  the 
Guzrat  coast  of  India,  are  styled  Poodreira,  or 
long-tailed,  and  boast  their  descent  from  the  king 
of  the  monkeys,  the  allies  of  Ramachandra  in  his 
conquests  of  India.  May  not  the  custom  have 
been  borrowed  from  these  worthies  by  the  Portu- 
guese, and  so  introduced  into  Europe  ?  Vide 
Tod's  Annals  of  Rdjasthan,  vol.  i.  p.  114. 

IMeemaii). 

RoMJJS- Taxation  levied  pee  Tiles  and  Roofs 
OF  Houses. — In  a  paper  which  was  read  by  Dr. 
J.  K.  Walker  before  the  members  of  the  Hudders- 
field  Archaeological  and  Topographical  Associa- 
tion assembled  at  Slack  on  April  13,  1866,  on  the 
discoveries  which  had  been  made  at  that  place, 
the  supposed  Cambodunum  of  the  Romans,  the 
follovnng  statement  occurs :  — 

'•'We  are  told  that  when  -war  was  declared  against 
Antony,  the  Senators  were  taxed,  not  according  to  their 
property,  or  by  the  nxmiber  of  their  windows,  but  at  the 
rate  of  so  much  per  tile  on  their  houses.  When,  how- 
ever, in  order  to  evade  the  tax,  larger  tiles  were  intro- 
duced, they  rated  by  the  roof." 

Dr.  Walker  affirmed  that  the  substance  of  this 
statement  appeared  in  some  periodical  published 
in  1834,  the  title  of  which  he  could  not  recollect ; 
that  its  accuracy  was  not  questioned  at  the  time, 
and  that  its  soundness  has  passed  current  since. 

_  Will  some  archaeologist  who  may  recollect  it 
supply  the  title  of  the  periodical  in  which  the 
foregoing  statement  appeared,  and  also  mention 
the  original  authority  on  which  it  was  founded  ? 
Llallawg. 

Price  of  Salmon  in  1486. — At  the  Feast  of 
the  Brotherhood  of  Corpus  Christi  at  Maidstone 
in  that  year,  Qs.  8d.  was  given  for  "  one  fresh 
salmon."  This  salmon  did  not  come  from  the 
Medway,  for  in  the  accoimt  of  the  expenses  of  the 
feast  occur  the  items  "carriage  of  the  salmon 
from  Shene  to  Gravesend,  6^/. ;  "  "  one  horse  and 
my  man  to  Gravesend,  8fZ."  ;  but  it  probably 
came  from  the  Thames  near  Richmond.  Six  years 
previously,  2s.  Qd.  had  been  paid  for  six  pigs  for 


the  feast.  Can  it  be  explained  why  the  Brothers 
of  Corpus  Christi  had  to  get  their  salmon  from 
above  London,  and  why  they  had  to  pay  about 
twenty  times  the  cost  of  pork  for  their  fish  ?  Vt 
the  above  rate,  salmon  ought  to  be  now  13s.  per 
pound.  Teetane. 

Stonoe  Family. — Sir  William  Stonor,  Knt.,  of 
Oxfordshire,  by  his  wife  Anne  Xevill  (daughter 
of  John  Xevill,  Marquis  of  Montagu,  and  Isabel, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  Edmund  Ingoldes- 
thorpe  of  Borough  Green,  co.  Cambridge),  had 
issue  a  daughter  and  heiress,  Anne  Stonor,  who 
married  Sir  Adrian  Fortescue,  Kut. 

Required,  the  date  of  decease  and  place  of  burial 
of  Sir  Wm.  Stonor  and  Sir  Adrian  Fortescue. 

J.  J.  H. 

Vieux-Dtef. — A  little  way  from  Antwerp,  on 
the  road  to  Malines,  is  a  village  and  railway  sta- 
tion bearing  the  profanely  sounding  name  of 
Vieux-Dieu.  What  is  the  origin  of  the  appella- 
tion ?  J.  WOODWAED. 


SiE  Isaac  Newton. — Did  this  philosopher  hold 
Antitrinitarian  views?  This  was  mentioned  to 
me  by  a  Unitarian  minister.  Perhaps  "N.  &  Q." 
will  settle  this  point.  Sanet. 

Liverpool. 

[The  theological  opinions  of  Sir  Isaac  Xewton  have 
been  so  frequently  discussed,  that  we  can  merely  state  in 
a  few  lines  the  principal  works  to  be  consulted  on  this 
tender  subject.  The  Postscript  to  Bishop  Burgess's  work 
JTie  Bible,  and  Nothing  but  the  Bible  (8vo,  1815)  is  en- 
titled "  The  Anti-Socinianism  of  Newton  and  Locke." 
Consult  also  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Ixxxv.  fii.)  314, 
419,  for  other  papers  by  the  Bishop  on  this  subject.  Dr. 
Brewster,  Xewton's  principal  biographer,  in  the  second 
edition  of  his  Memoirs  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  ii.  339,  makes 
the  following  statements  respecting  the  religious  opinions 
of  this  great  man  :  "  Although  a  traditionary  belief  has 
long  prevailed  that  Xewton  was  an  Arian,  yet  the  Tri- 
nitarians claimed  him  as  a  friend,  while  the  Socinians, 
by  republishing  his  Historical  Account  of  Two  Notable 
Corruptions  of  Scripture  (1  John,  v.  7,  and  1  Tim.  iii. 
16)  under  the  title  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton  on  the  Trinitarian 
Corruptions  of  Christianity,  wished  it  to  be  believed  that 
he  was  a  supporter  of  their  ^-iews.  That  he  was  not  a 
Socinian  is  proved  by  his  avowed  belief  that  onr  Saviour 
was  the  object  of  '  worship  among  the  primitive  Chris- 
tians,' and  that  he  was  '  the  Son  of  God,  as  well  by  his 
resurrection  from  the  dead,  as  by  his  supernatural  birth 
of  the  Virgin.'  lu  the  absence  of  all  dii-ect  evidence,  I 
had  no  hesitation,  when  writing  the  Life  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton  in  1830,  in  coming  to  the  conclusion  that  he  was 
a  believer  in  the  Trinity."  M.  Biot  had  previously 
arrived  at  the  same  opinion.  "  There  is  absolutely 
nothing,"  he  says,  "  in  the  writings  of  Xewton  which 


3"!  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67,] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


117 


can  justify,  or  even  authorise  the  conjecture  that  he  was 
an  Antitrinitarian."  (^Biog.  Univ.  torn.  xxxi.  p.  190.)  A 
different  opinion,  however,  is  taken  by  the  writer  of  the 
folloiving  work  :  Sir  Isaac  Neictoyi's  Views  on  Points  of 
Trinitarian  Doctrine:  his  Articles  of  Faith,  and  the 
General  Coincidence  of  his  Opinions  with  those  of  John 
Locke  ;  a  Selection  of  Authorities,  with  Observations,  by 
Henrj' Green,  M.A.    Lond.  8vo,  1856.] 

"  Dick  Swift." — I  have  before  me  a  spiritedly 
engraved  portrait,  folio  size,  fettered  "  Dick  Swift, 
Thief-taker  of  the  City  of  London,  Teaching  his 
son  the  Commandments/'  published  in  1765.  Old 
Catchpole  has  a  most  villanous  look  while  he 
points  to  ''Thou  shalt  steal"  ;  and  young  hopeful 
is  listening  and  picking  his  father's  pocket ;  the 
hangman's  cord  with  its  ready  noose  pendant  over 
his  head  !  The  print  is  probably  well  known  to 
collectors.  Is  there  any  printed  account  of  this 
worthy,  who,  from  the  size  and  Hogarthian  style 
of  his  likeness,  must  have  been  notable  in  his 
day  ?  D. 

[This  portrait  was  a  caricature  of  another  print  pub- 
lished about  the  same  time,  of    "Arthur  Beardmore, 
citizen  of  London,  teaching  his  son  Magna  Charta,"  de- 
signed by  Pine,  and  engraved  by  Watson.     Beardmore, 
it  will  be  remembered,  was  one  of  the  writers  in  The 
Monitor,  and  when  Under-Sheriff,  was  sentenced  to  two 
months'  imprisonment   and  fined  50Z.  for  neglecting  to 
perform  his  official  duties  towards  Dr.  Shebbeare,  who 
was  condemned  to  stand  in  the  pillory  for  an  hour. 
"  Where  is  Shebbeare  ?    0  let  not  foul  reproach, 
Travelling  thither  in  a  citj'  coach, 
The  pilloiy  dare  to  name  ;  the  whole  intent 
Of  that  parade  was  fame,  not  punishment, 
And  that  old,  staunch  Whig,  Beardmore,  standing  by, 
Can,  in  full  court,  give  that  report  the  lie." 

Churchill,  The  Author,  1.  301. 
Dick  Swift  was  a  notorious  highwayman  and  burglar, 
who  was  twice  sentenced  to  transportation.     See   the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1765,  pp.  144, 196,  197.  J 

SARDiiiriAisr  Stone.  —  I  find  in  some  letters 
written  by  an  ancestor  in  1740,  a  reference  to  a 
"  Sardinian  Stone,"  which  he  had  lent  to  some 
ladies,  and  from  which  they,  being  apparently  ill, 
had  derived  some  benefit.  What  is  this  stone, 
and  for  what  purpose  was  it  used  ? 

Qtjeectjbus. 

[The  Sardinian  Stone,  known  in  different  languages 
as  Carneol,  Sarder,  Cornalina,  Carnalina,  Corneolus, 
Carneolus,  Sardius  Lapis,  Sarda,  Cornaline,  &c.,  is 
simply  our  own  Cornelian,  formerly,  and  perhaps  more 
correctly,  spelt  also  Carnelian.  (See  Ash,  E7iglish  Diet., 
1775.)  It  was  supposed  to  possess  various  medicinal 
properties,  which  Zedler  details  under  "  Carneol,"  v.  898. 
The  purpose  for  which  the  Sardinian  stone  was  lent  hj 
our  correspondent's  ancestor  to  his  female  friends  was 
probablj'  peculiar  to  an  interesting  season — to  preserve 


and  benefit  the  expected  baby  ;  for  which  purpose  it  was 
to  be  worn  on  the  stomach.  ("  Auf  den  Bauch  gebunden, 
die  Frucht  erhalten  und  befordern  soil.")  The  stone  was 
also  used  as  a  remedy  against  hemorrhage,  diarrhoea,  and 
heartburn,  and  was  considered  not  amiss  against  witch- 
craft. In  the  more  modern  Materia  Medica  of  Pereira  it 
disappears.] 

Thomas  Milles,  Bishop  op  Waterford. — 
Can  you  give  me  information  respecting  the 
family  of  Thomas  Milles,  Bishop  of  Waterford 
and  Lismore,  who  was  born  in  Hertfordshire  and 
educated  at  Oxford  ?  He  was  author  of  several 
theological  works.  I  should  like  to  know  if  he 
was  ever  married ;  if  so,  what  issue  he  left,  and 
date  and  place  of  burial  ?  A.  H.  M. 

Campfield. 

[Thomas  Milles,  D.D.  (not  Mills,  as  sometimes  incor- 
rectly spelt)  was  born  at  his  father's  rectory,  Highclear, 
in  Hampshire.  He  was  a  graduate  at  Oxford,  where  he 
became  Regius  Professor  of  the  Greek  language.  In  1707 
he  attended  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  Lord-Lieutenant,  into 
Ireland,  by  whose  influence  he  was  advanced  to  the  sees 
of  Waterford  and  Lismore,  and  was  consecrated  at  St. 
Patrick's,  Dublin,  on  April  18,  1708.  He  died  at  Water- 
ford on  May  13, 1740,  and  was  buried  in  the  cathedral. 
It  does  not  appear  that  he  was  ever  married,  for  he  left 
the  greater  part  of  his  fortune  to  his  nephew.  Dr.  Jere- 
miah Milles,  Dean  of  Exeter.] 

Eembrandt. — I  have  just  seen  a  fine  picture, 
said  to  be  the  work  of  this  great  artist ;  but  on 
close  examination  I  found  this  in  one  corner : 
"Rl.  1629."  The  biographies  of  artists  I  have 
looked  through  do  not  give  the  name  of  any  artist 
corresponding  with  this  monogram.  If  any  of 
your  readers  can  inform  me  of  the  name  of  the 
artist,  it  will  not  only  be  interesting  to  myself, 
but  also  to  others  who  take  any  interest  in  art. 

W.  B. 

Surrey. 

[The  monogram  is  one  used  by  Rembrandt,  and  occurs 
on  many  of  his  etchings.  The  date  also  suits  perfectly 
well,  as  Rembrandt  was  born  in  1606.] 

G,  M.  Woodward.  —  Can  you  give  me  any 
particulars  of  the  Woodward  who,  about  1790, 
published  A71  Eccentric  Excursion  in  England  and 
Wales  f  Are  copies  of  this  book  (coloured  or 
uncoloured  plates)  to  be  met  with  easily  ? 

H.  A.  E. 

[Ia  Bohn's  Lowndes  the  date  of  this  work  is  1796-8  ; 
but  the  only  copy  in  the  British  Museum  has  that  of  1807. 
It  is  entitled  Eccentric  Excursions,  or  Literary  and  Pic- 
torial Sketches  of  Countenance,  Character,  and  Country, 
in  different  parts  of  England  and  South  Wales,  inter- 
spersed with  curious  Anecdotes.  Embellished  [by  George 
Cruikshank]  with  upwards  of  one  hundred  Characteristic 
and  Illustrative  Prints.    By  G.  M.  Woodward.    London, 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3^-5  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


Published  by  Allen  &  Co.,  15,  Paternoster  Row,  1807, 4to. 
The  work  is  somewhat  rare. 

"  Woodward,"  says  William  Henry  Pyne,  "  was  one  of 
the  mirth-inspiring  school  of  art,  if  art  that  may  be 
called  which  did  out-Herod  Herod  in  these  whims,  and 
put  the  mask  on  caricature  itself.  No  one  like  him 
could  outrage  truth,  and  give  to  monsters  such  additional 
monstrosity,  and  yet  bewitch  the  imagination  into  laugh- 
ter, even  to  the  dubbing  of  these  wild  chimeras  with  the 
rank  and  title  of  humanity.  Yet,  shall  generations 
hence  of  sucking  babes,  when  long  past  their  teething, 
show  their  white  teeth,  and  grin  in  loud  concert  over  a 
folio  of  his  fun."  Poor  Woodward  himself  was  a  strange 
and  eccentric  character,  and  died  in  a  most  obscure  man- 
ner at  the  Bro\vn  Bear  in  Bow  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
where  he  lodged.] 


LUTE  AND  LUTEXIST. 
(S'^  S.  X.  414,  518.) 

"Will  your  correspondent  Me.  Johk  Hoskxxs- 
Abkahall,  Jtjn.  permit  me  to  ask  -where  lie  has 
found  such  unusual  mediaeval  Latin  for  a  lute  as 
"  lufana,  or  hitina"  ? 

He  states  that  the  English  word  "lutenist"  is 
derived  from  the  mediaeval  Latin  lutatiista,  and 
that  lutanista  comes  in  turn  from  lutana  and  lutina. 

Hitherto  the  generally  received  opinion  as  to 
one  diiierence  between  pure  and  medi?eval  Latin 
has  been,  that  when  words  were  wanting  in  the 
former,  because  they  expressed  things  unknown  to 
the  Romans — such  as  a  goxvn  (the  morning-gown 
opening  in  front,  in  contradistinction  to  the  toga), 
the  hde,  and  others — that  these  were  supplied  in 
the  middle  ages  by  giving  Latin  forms  and  Latin 
terminations  to  words  of  the  Celtic  or  Teutonic 
stock.  So  gwDia  has  been  supposed  to  be  de- 
rived from  gown  (unless  from  the  earlier  Anglo- 
Saxon  gin,  open,  or  ginan,  to  open  or  yawn)  and 
so  hdenista  from  lutenist.  It  would  be  indeed 
curious  if  your  correspondent  should  invert  this 
position. 

Again:  he  says,  in  "Old  Dutch  and  Middle 
High  German,  Kite."  Perhaps  he  will  add  his 
authorities  for  this,  and  for  his  rejection  of  htyt 
and  luyte,  which  appear  to  be  at  least  more  com- 
mon forms. 

It  would  be  no  bad  rule  for  ''  N.  k  Q.,"  if  every 
correspondent  tendering  definitions  should  be  re- 
quested to  give  at  the  same  time  his  reasons  or 
his  authorities.  Such  a  rule  would  have  saved 
the  space  these  queries  now  occupy.  Moreover, 
a  mere  dictum  upon  antiquarian  subjects  is  rarely 
satisfactory  to  inquirers. 

And  next,  as  to  the  supposed  root  of  the  word 
"lute'': — Your  correspondent  rejects  the  au- 
thority quoted  in  Richardson's  Dictionary,  viz. 
Wachter,  who  derives  the  German  name  of  the 


instrument  from  lauten,  sonare ;  and  adds :  "  In 
Anglo-Saxon  Mydan,  the  past  participle  of  which 
is  Mud  or  lud."  Mr.  Hoskyns-Abkahall  prefers 
to  "  run  the  word  to  earth  in  the  Arabic  al  hid, 
the  wood." 

I  think  your  readers  will  have  considerable 
hesitation  in  accepting  such  a  derivation  as  the 
last :  where  the  prefix  of  the  vowel  al,  for  "  the," 
and  the  sinking  of  the  hard  guttural  letter  aine 
(the  eighteenth  of  the  Arabic  alphabet)  before  ud, 
are  both  necessary  to  make  up  any  resemblance 
of  sound.  When  complete,  too,  what  does  it 
mean  ?  Is  it  a  name  peculiar  to  any  musical  in- 
strument ?  No  ;  according  to  Catafago,  it  means 
!  "  wood,  timber,  the  trunk  or  branch  of  a  tree,  a 
stafiT,  a  stick ;  the  Avood  of  aloes ;  a  lute  or  harp  " — 
in  fact  "  wood,"  or  an  instrument  made  of  wood. 

This  theory  has  been  broached  before,  and  it 
was  then  asserted  that  the  western  nations  bor- 
rowed the  instrument  at  some  undefined  period 
during  the  Crusades,  but  no  attempt  was  made  to 
prove  it.  I  omitted  even  to  take  a  note  of  the 
book,  for  it  struck  me  that  the  Crusade  story  was 
only  a  necessary  tag  to  the  derivation.  Perhaps 
it  was  first  guessed  because  musical  instruments 
with  long  necks  are  known  to  be  common  in  the 
East ;  but  they  were  also  common  in  the  West 
long  before  the  Crusades.  The  Anglo-Saxon 
cittern  is  a  case  in  point.  A  drawing  of  that  in- 
strument may  be  seen  in  the  Harleian  MS. 
No.  603  ;  andit  has  been  copied  in  Strutt's  Sports 
and  Pastimes,  and  recently  in  Wright's  History  of 
Domestic  Manners  and  Sentiments  (p.  34,  No.  25). 
Dr.  Bosworth,  in  his  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary, 
gives  the  same  English  meaning  for  the  words 
]iear2}e  and  citcre,  translating  both  ''harp;"  but 
citere  means  cittern.  I  have  no  doubt  that  his  au- 
thority for  this  was  some  Anglo-Saxon  interlinea- 
tion of  a  Latin  Psalter :  for  in  them  psaltery  is 
sometimes  glossed  by  hearpe,  and  then  cythara  by 
citre  or  citere.  So,  for  instance,  I  found  it  in  the 
Lindisfarne  Psalter  of  the  end  of  the  seventh  or 
commencement  of  the  eighth  century  (Cotton  MS., 
Vespasian  A.  l).  This  does  not,  hov.'ever, prove  that 
the  instruments  were  one  and  the  same — indeed, 
cetera  and  cctra  remained  in  the  Italian  language 
to  express  the  English  cittern  down  to  the  last 
century.  "  Fu  la  cetera  usata  prima  tra  gli  In- 
glesi,"  says  Galilei,  in  his  Dialogo  della  Iltisica 
anticha  e  Moderna,  1581.  In  Junius' s  Notnencla- 
tor  Englished  hy  Higins,  1585,  "  Cithara  "  is  ren- 
dered by  ''  a  lute,  a  cytterne,  or  gitterne."  The 
difference  between  citterne  and  gittern  was  that 
the  first  was  strung  wij;h  wire,  and  the  latter,  like 
the  lute,  with  catgut.  Harps  of  gut  and  wire 
were  both  used  by  "the  English.  That  is  proved, 
not  merely  by  drawings  of  the  instruments,  but 
by  such  passages  as  — 

"  Ant  toggen  o  the  harpe 
With  is  nayles  sharpe  " 


3'«  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


in  the  romance  of  ChildnHorn,  proving  wire  strings; 
and  ''fibras  tetendit"  in  tlie  Gesta  Hericardi 
6'cLVoms,  proving  gut. 

The  distinguishing  features  of  the  lute  were  the 
long  necli  and  the  shape  of  the  body.  The  latter 
may  be  likened  to  a  pear  cut  in  half  from  the 
stalk  to  the  crown.  This,  too,  is  the  shape  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Jiiiel  or  Ji'dele,  as  may  be  seen  by 
any  one  who  will  compare  the  drawing  of  such  a 
fiddle  in  the  Cotton  MS.,  Tiberius,  C.  vi.,  or  the 
copies  which  have  been  made  from  it  by  Strutt, 
and,  with  particular  care  as  to  the  instrument,  in 
my  Pojndar  Music  of  the  Olden  Time,  p.  761. 

It  does  not  surely  then  require  any  great  stretch 
of  the  imagination  to  suppose  that,  by  giving  a 
long  neck  to  the  fiddle,  and  playing  on  it  with  the 
fingers  instead  of  a  bow  (just  as  they  did  upon 
the  cittern),  the  English,  or  some  one  familiar 
with  these  instruments,  should  have  formed  a 
lute.  Boethius  was  the  great  authority  for  music 
in  the  middle  ages,  and  the  notes  of  the  scale 
were  then  measured  on  the  monochord,  which 
alone  must  have  taught  every  one  the  uses  of  a  long- 
neck.  The  Lindisfarne  Psalter  proves  that  the 
long-necked  cittern  is  anterior  to  the  first  conquests 
of  Spain  by  the  Arabs.  "NVm.  Chappell. 

Sunninchill,  Berks. 


DUTCH  AND  OTHER  LAXGUAGES :  THE  IRISH 
LANGUAGE. 
(3"i  S.  xi.  25.) 

Many  young  students  of  languages  must  fee 
grateful  to  Mk.  Walter  "\V.  Skeat  for  the  list  he 
has  supplied  of  elementary  books  (the  least  ex- 
pensive that  can  be  obtained)  "  for  those  about  to 
begin  (to  learn)  a  new  language."  In  this  list 
are  included,  and  very  properly,  Moeso-Gothic, 
Welsh,  and  Icelandic  manuals.  The  omission  of 
any  notice  of  elementary  works  on  the  Irish  lan- 
guage is,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  strange ;  and  the 
more  so  as  I  conclude,  from  the  extent  of  his 
lingual  pursuits,  Mr.  Skeax  must  be  a  philologist, 
and  aware  of  how  much  the  English  language 
and  far  older  languages  owe  to  the  Keltic— of 
which,  it  is  admitted  by  the  most  competent 
authorities,  the  Irish  is  the  oldest,  purest,  and 
most  classic  dialect,  and  the  richest  in  olden  lite- 
rary treasures  of  any  spoken  in  the  British  Isles. 
I  am  the  more  anxious  that  this  omission  should 
be  supplied,  as  "a  reaction  in  favour  of  the  Irish 
language  is  of  late  fast  gaining  ground  among  the 
higher  and  more  enlightened  classes  at  home;" 
and  the  patriotic  liberal  enterprise  of  ''  The  Irish 
Archa3ological  and  Celtic  Society,"  "The  Kil- 
kenny and  South-east  of  Ireland  Archceological 
Society,"  "  The  Ossianic  Society,"  and  "  The  Keat- 
ing Society,"  are  giving  to  the  public  those  valu- 


able Irish  manuscripts  the  existence  of  v.'hich, 
until  very  recently,  was  known  to  very  very  few. 
The  recognition  of  the  value  of  the  Irish  language 
to  the  philologist,  ethnologist,  and  antiquary, 
by  such  eminent  scholars  as  Pelloutier,  Peyron, 
Leibnitz,  Pictet,  Bopp,  Mone,  Garnett,  Latham, 
Murray,  the  Grimms,  Zeuss,  Newman,  Todd,  and 
Mac  Hale,  is  enough  to  rescue  it  from  neglect,  to 
vindicate  its  primitive  character,  and  to  dis- 
tinguish it  as  the  fount  whose  rivulets  have  con- 
tributed to  fertilise  many  tongues  ancient  and 
modern. 

In  a  former  paper  (3'^  S.  vii.  345)  I  gave  a  list 
of  Irish  grammars  ;  but  shall  now  restrict  myself 
to  naming  a  few  works  introductory  to  the  Irish 
language,  with  which  I  propose  to  supplement 
Mr.  Skeat's  list.     They  are  — 

1.  Bourke's  Irish  Grammar.  This  work  in  a 
few  years  (since  1856)  has  reached  a  third  edition. 

2.  Bourke's  Easy  Lessons  iu  Irish.  On  the 
plan  of  Ahn's  Grammar. 

3.  O'Reilly's  Irish-English  Dictionary.  Last 
edition,  with  Professor  O'Donovan's  Supplement. 

4.  Folej-'s  English-Irish  Dictionary.  For  the 
use  of  students  iu  the  Irish  language. 

J.  Eugene  O'Cavanagh. 
Lime  Cottage,  Walworth  Common. 


BETTING. 
(3'-iS.  X.  448,  515;  xi.  66.) 
Although  instances  of  wagers  occur  here  and 
there  in  Greek  as  well  as  in  Latin  authors,  we  find 
in  the  classics  scarcely  a  trace  of  any  but  even  bets. 
There  were  wagers  in  classic  days,  no  doubt;  but, 
so  far  as  we  can  ascertain,  there  was  nothing  that 
exactly  corresponds  to  what  we  now  call  giving 
or  taking  the  odds, — two  to  one,  five  to  four,  &c. 
Your  correspondent  A.  A.,  therefore,  very  natu- 
rally inquires  respecting  the  earliest  mention  of  a 
calculation  of  odds.  But  though  nothing,  or  next 
to  nothing,  is  to  be  learnt  upon  this  subject  in  the 
records  of  Greece  and  Rome,  scmiething  that 
bears  upon  it  may  yet  be  traced  in  old  Teutonic 
lore — that  venerable  source  from  which  we  derive 
so  much.  Jacob  Grimm,  in  his  Dndxhes  Hechfs 
Alterthv.iner,  1828,  p.  621,  treating  on  the  subject 
of  betting  (Wette),  says  expressly,  "  It  was  not 
requisite  that  both  parties  should  stake  the  same 
amount ;  one  might  bet  higher,  the  other  lower," 
which  comes  very  near  to  our  idea  of  odds.  ("  Es 
war  uicht  uothig,  das  beide  Theilo  dasselbe  setzten, 
eiuer  diirfte  hijheres,  der  andei'e  geringeres  ver- 
wetten.")  And  of  this  he  adds  a  droll  example — 
''  Playing  at  chess  with  the  Queen,  Morolf  staked 
his  head,  against  which  she  staked  30  golden 
marks."  Odds,  and  great  odds,  if  a  man's  head  is 
to  be  taken  at  his  own  appraisement ! 

It  is  remarkable   that,   as  bearing   upon   this 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


subject  of  the  uneven  wagers  of  the  ancient 
Germans  ("  eine  hierher  gehorige  Stella  "),  Grimm 
cites  from  Tacitus  (Germ.  24)  a  passage  in  which 
the  historian  states  that  the  Germans,  in  dicing, 
when  they  had  lost  all  beside,  would  stake  on  a 
last  throw  their  own  personal  freedom.  ''  Aleam, 
quod  mirere,  sobrii  inter  seria  exercent,  tanta  lu- 
crandi  perdendive  temeritate,  ut,  cum  omnia  de- 
fecerunt,  estremo  ac  novissimo  jactu  de  libertate 
et  de  corpore  contendant."  Some  persons,  how- 
ever, may  think  that  this  is  not  quite  a  case  in 
point.  The  broken  gamester  staked  his  own  per- 
son and  liberty,  not  so  much  as  offering  odds,  but 
rather  as  having  nothing  to  offer  besides. 

So  far  as  regards  the  use  of  the  te^-m,  the  word 
''  odds  "  seems  to  have  [passed  into  its  present 
meaning  in  connexion  with  betting  very  gradually 
indeed.  "Oddes,"  with  Cotgrave,  1650,  was 
"Noise,  debat,  estrif,  contention";  "to  fall  at 
oddes,  noiser,"  Odds,  in  Littleton,  1678,  was 
"  Lites,  inimicitise " ;  odds,  in  Bailey,  even  so 
late  as  1736,  ''difference,  disparitj^,  advantage." 
Neither  of  these  lexicographers  comes  any  nearer 
than  this  to  our  present  idea  of  odds,  as  connected 
vrith  a  bet  not  even.  Yet  Prince  John  in  Shak- 
spere,  2  Hm.  IV.  Act  V.  Sc.  5,  offers  to  "lay 
odds,"  plainly  iatending  a  bet ;  and  from  Shak- 
spere  downwards  similar  authorities  for  the  use 
of  the  word  (in  South,  Swift,  &c.)  are  not  far  to 


thereon  pawn  the  moiety  of  my  estate  to  your 
ring,  which,  in  my  opinion,  overvalues  it  something" 

SCHIN. 


Neither  are  we  at  a  loss  for  repeated  recogni- 
tion of  the  practice  of  uneven  wagers,  or  betting 
the  odds,  any  more  than  for  the  use  of  the  word 
itself  in  a  betting  sense.  An  instance  has  already 
been  given  from  an  Italian  writer  of  the  sixteenth 
century  ("N.  &  Q.,"  x.  515),  where  Luc'  Antonio 
bets  Fabricio  100  ducats  to  50,  or  2  to  1.  Again, 
in  the  well-known  epitaph  on  IMister  Combe,  by 
some  attributed  to  Shakspere,  the  writer,  whoever 
he  was,  ventures  100  to  10,  or  10  to  1 :  — 

"  Ten  in  the  hundred  lies  here  ingraved  ; 
'Tis  a  hundred  to  ten  his  soul  is  not  sav'd." 

And  be  it  remembered,  even  if  the  question  of 
authorship  remains  imdecided,  it  is  at  any  rate 
certain  that  similar  lines  appeared  in  print  during 
Shakspere's  lifetime.  The  King's  alleged  bet  in 
Satnlet,  on  the  fencing  of  Hamlet  with  Laertes 
(Act  V.  Sc.  2),  sLx  Barbary  horses  against  six 
French  rapiers  vtdth  their  appendages,  is  possibly 
to  be  taken  as  a  mere  pretence,  or  it  may  have 
been  designed  as  an  even  bet ;  but  it  looks  more 
like  staking  a  greater  value  against  a  less,  which 
comes  to  the  same  thing  as  giving  odds.  And 
though  the  wager  in  Cymheline  (Act  I.  Sc.  5) 
between  lachimo  and  Posthumus  appears  ulti- 
mately to  assume  the  form  of  an  even  bet — "  I 
will  wage  against  your  gold  gold  to  it" — yet 
lachimo  offers  iu  the  first  instance  what  he  con- 
siders a  laro-er  stake  ag'ainst  a  smaller: — "I  dare 


The  following  passages,  quoted  in  Liddell  and 
Scott,  s.  V.  irepiSiSoixai,  vdll  perhaps  assist  in  the 
inquiry :  — 

1.  Homer,  Iliad,  xxiii.  485.  Ajax  and  Idome- 
neus  wager  a  tripod. 

2.  Homer,  Odt/ss.,  xxiii.  78.  Eurycleia  wagers  her 
life  to  Penelope  that  Ulysses  has  returned. 

3.  Aristoph.  Ho.,  791;  Ach.,  772,  1115;  Nub., 
644. 

As  parallels,  Mitchell  quotes  the  passages  from 
Homer  in  his  note  on  Ach.  1013  (ed.  sues). 

P.  J.  F.  Gajjtillou". 


BATTLE  OF  BAUGE.  AND  THE  CAEMICHAELS 

OF  THAT  ILK. 

(3'-'»  S.  X.  335,  498.) 

J.  K.  0.  is  totally  wrong  in  asserting  that,  at 
the  period  of  the  battle  of  Bauge,  1421  or  1422, 
the  Carmichaels  of  that  Ilk  in  Lanarkshire  were 
represented  by  a  Sir  William.  We  have  a  WU- 
liam  Carmichael  in  1410,  and  his  grandson  of  the 
same  name  in  1437 ;  but  in  the  interval  there  is 
John,  the  son  of  the  former  and  the  father  of  the 
latter,  and  he  it  is  who  claims  the  honour  of 
having  tamed  the  crest  of  Clarence's  Plantagenet, 
while  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  his  arms  strongly 
support  his  claim.  To  say  nothing  of  the  crest 
with  the  broken  spear,  you  have  the  shield  itself, 
with  the  fess  tortile,  azure  and  gules.  Does  not 
this  represent  the  wreath,  or,  to  use  the  French 
term,  tourtile,  worn  by  the  duke  on  his  helmet  ? 
The  wreath  was  always  composed  of  the  two 
principal  tinctures  in  the  paternal  shield.  Now, 
Thomas  Duke  of  Clarence  carried  as  his  arms 
France  and  England,  quarterly,  with  a  label  of 
three  points  ermine,  each  charged  with  a  canton 
gules  for  Clare.  Consequently  his  wreath  was 
composed  of  the  azure  of  France  and  the  gules  of 
England. 

Knowing  the  crowded  state  of  the  columns  of 
"N.  &  Q."  at  this  season,  I  abstain  at  present 
from  entering  on  the  discussion  of  the  pedigree  of 
the  Carmichaels  of  Meadowflat,  who  were  the 
hereditary  keepers  of  the  royal  castle  of  Craw- 
ford, but  could  never,  in  strict  language,  be  de- 
scribed as  of  Castle  Crawford.  I  should,  how- 
ever, be  glad  to  learn  where  J.  R.  C.  finds  the 
Charters  of  1417, 1420,  and  1427,  and  the  notarial 
instrument  of  1420  to  which  he  refers,  as  I  should 
wish  to  consult  them  in  extenso. 

I  may  add,  that  although,  for  the  reasons  stated 
above,  t  claim  for  Sir  John  Carmichael  the  honour 
of  taming  the  crest  of  Clarence's  Plantagenet,  I  by 


S'd  S.  XI.  PiHB.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


121 


no  means  deny  that  of  the  Earl  of  Buchan  and  Sir 
John  Swinton  to  have  shared  in  the  exploit.  At  the 
time  of  the  battle  of  Bauge,  the  conspicuous  crest 
or  arms  of  a  leader  on  the  one  side  was  sure  to  attract 
the  attention  of  the  most  adventurous  knights  on 
the  other,  as  witness  the  charge  of  Bohun  on  the 
Bruce  at  Bannockburn.  In  fact,  during  the  days 
when  the  leaders  were  as  much  individual  knights 
as  generals,  their  distinguishing  cognizance  was  as 
much  the  guidon  of  their  followers  as  flags  or 
standarts  were  at  a  later  period.  Thus  Macaulay 
puts  into  the  mouth,  of  Henry  IV.  of  France  the 
stirring  words  — 

"  Press    where  you    see  my  white  plume  shine  amidst 
the  ranks  of  war. 
And  be  your  oriflamme  to-day  the  helmet  of  Navarre." 

Nothing  therefore  can  be  more  probable  than 
that  at  the  battle  of  Bauge  the  splendid  crest  of 
Plantagenet  should  have  drawn  upon  its  wearer  the 
attacks  of  Sir  John  de  Carmichael,  Sir  William 
de  Swinton  and  the  Earl  of  Buchan,  and  that 
Clarence's  overthrow  should  be  attributed  to  all 
three  in  the  manner  described  by  Michel. 

Geokge  Vere  Ikving. 


GLASGOW. 


(S'-d  S.  X.  3.30,  361,  397,  457;  xi.  42.) 
Amongst  the  variety  of  opinions  expressed  re- 
garding the  second  syllable  of  this  word,  it  may 
be  interesting  to  quote  the  explanation  given  by 
Chalmers  in  his  Caledonia.  In  allusion  to  Glas- 
gow, he  wiites :  — 

"  Under  the  expressions  of  gau  and  go,  the  erudite 
Bryant  infomis  us  that  the  cau,  ca,  and  co,  signify  a 
house  or  temple  ;  also,  a  cave  or  hollow,  near  which  the 
temple  of  the  deity  was  founded.  Some  nations  used  it 
in  a  more  extended  sense,  and  by  it  denoted  a  town, 
or  vUlage,  or  any  habitation  at  large.  It  is  found  in  this 
acceptation  among  the  ancient  Celtas  and  Germans  :  hence 
Brisgau,  Nordgau,  Turgoit?,  ^^^estergow,  Odstergow;*  and 
in  Scotland,  Glasgow,  Lithgoey — and  hence,  Glasgow  may 
be  the  green  hollow,  habitation,  village,  or  town." — 
Caledonia,  iii.  612 ;  vide  also  pp.  601,  663. 

And  again,  p.  608 :  — • 

"  Glasgow  is  often  called  bj^  the  Gaelic  highlanders 
Glas-ach,  signifying  green  field ;  and  Glas-gae  would  be 
the  same  in  the  ancient  British  :  so  Ard-gay,  near  Elgin, 
or  Ard-gae,  is  high  field.  Glas-gue  would  refer  to  the 
green  of  Glasgow.  By  substituting,  however,  C  for  G, 
and  spelling  the  words  according  to  the  Gaelic  pronuncia- 
tion, we  should  have  Clais-gku,  the  black  or  dark  ravine : 
alluding  to  the  gloomy  glen  which  is  formed  by  the 
stream  that  runs  by  the  east  end  of  the  high  church,  the 
original  site  of  this  celebrated  city.  C  and  G  are  uttered 
by  the  same  organ,  as  we  may  learn  from  the  Gaelic 
scholars." 

To   his  account   of    Lesmahagow,   where  the 


origin  of  the  name  is  traced  to  its  coimectiou  with 
St.  Machute,  a  note  is  appended :  — 

"  In  a  great  number  of  charters,  from  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury till  the  epoch  of  the  Eeformation,  the  name  of  the 
place  appears  in  the  form  of  Lesmachute  ;  but  in  others,  it 
has  the  form  of  Lesmahagu.  In  those  charters  the  name 
of  the  saint  is,  uniformly.  Saint  Ilachute ;  but  in  the 
popular  language  he  was  usually  called  St.  Mahagu."  * 

And  in  regard  to  the  relics  of  the  saint  — 
"  James  V.  having  obtained  a  bone  of  Saint  Mahago, 
expended  nearly  201.  for  having  it  enchased  in  silver,  gUt, 
by  John  Mosman,  a  goldsmith  in  Edinburgh." — Trea- 
surers' Accounts,  October  9,  1540,  Ibid.,  p.  640. 

I  also  enclose  a  passage  from  Camerarius,  quoted 
in  the  Preface  to  the  Mass  for  the  feast  of  St. 
Mungo  {Maitland  Cluh  Misc.,  vol.  iv.  pt.  i.  p.  11), 
bearing  upon  Mk.  Rakken's  reference  to  Chris- 
topher Irvin :  — 

"  Porro  hoc  adeo  celebre  fuit  miraculum  ut  nequando 
excidere  posset  eius  memoria,  ipsi  ciuitati  illi  (quse  antea 
alio  yocabatur  nomine)  Glascu  (quae  vox  hipum  et  ceruum 
significat)  indiderint,  sitque  in  hodiemum  diem  ciuitatis 
illius  nomen  Glasgua."  f 

In  this  preface  the  "  diverse  miracles  whereof 
some  gave  ormes,  and  others  gave  the  name 
Glascow  to  that  city,"  will  be  foimd  narrated  at 
length.  W.  B.  A.  G. 


*  Brvant's  Mythology, 
ment,  198. 


-117;    Holwell's  Abridg- 


TOADS :  THE  OLD  AKMS  OF  FRANCE. 
(3^1  S.  X.  372,  476.) 

Whatever  may  be  the  actual  facts  as  to  the 
date  of  the  assumption  by  the  kings  of  France  of 
the  three  Jieur-de-lys,  I  think  that  the  early  chro- 
niclers are  pretty  imanimous  in  ascribing  them  to 
Clovis, 

In  ih.QA3tnales  et  Chroniques  de  France  by  Nicole 
Gilles  is  an  entertaining  chapter  on  the  subject. 
Clovis  the  pagan,  hard  pressed  in  battle  with  the 
Germans,  prays  to  the  God  of  his  Christian  wife 
Clotilde,  and  vows  to  ser\^e  Him  if  he  will  deliver 
him  from  peril.  After  the  victory  he  makes  ar- 
rangements for  being  baptized  by  the  Archbishop 
of  Rheims.  As  he  stands  naked  in  the  font,  the 
crowd  presses  round  him,  and  prevents  the  priest 
who  bears  the  holy  oil  from  reaching  him  — 
"  Et  demouroit  le  roy  tout  nud  dedans  le  fons  trop  lon- 
guement,  dont  il  estoit  aucunement  vergongneux,  de  se 
veoir  nud  entre  tant  de  peuple,  aduint,  ainsi  qu'on  trouve 
es  histoires  de  France,  qu'un  coulomb  blanc  descendit,  et 
apporta  visiblement  deuant  tons  en  son  bee,  une  AmpoUe, 
plaine  de  liqueur  celestielle,  de  laquelle  lu_v  et  ses  suc- 
cesseurs  roys  de  France  out  depuis  este  oingtz  et  sa- 
crez,"  kSrc. 

Then  follows  the  story  of  the  Hermit,  to  whom 
an  angel  appeared,  telling  him  that  Clovis  must 


*  St.  Mungo  is  also  called  St.  Munghu,  p.  614. 
t  Davidis    Camererii   Be   Scotorvm  Fortitvdine  Doc- 
trina  et  Pietate  Libri  Quatuor,  p.  82. 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3»d  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


efface  the  three  toads,  or  three  crescents,  from  his 
shield,  and  cover  it  with  fleur-de-hjs  (seme  tout  de 
fleur-de-lys  d"or).     The  holy  man  tells  his  tale  to 
Clotilde,  \vho  has  a  shield  made  in  accordance 
■with  the  instructions  of  the  angel,  and  sends  it  to  | 
her  lord,  who  is  warring  against  the  Saracen  near  j 
Pontoise  !     Victory  of  course  accompanies  the  new  i 
escutcheon,  and  the  iieur-de-lys  were  hencefor-  j 
ward  held  in  veneration.     For,  says  Gilles  — 
"  le  haut  fleuron  au  milieu,  signifie  la  saincte  foy  et  loy 
de  Jesus  Christ ;  et  les  deux"  de  moyenne  hauteur  qui 
sont  I'une  a  dextre,  et  Fautre  a  senestre,  signifient  sapi- 
ence et  noblesse,  lesquelz  sont  ordomiez  pour  soustenir, 
garJer  et  defiendre  le   haut   fleuron,   qui   est   entre  les  \ 
deux." 

Wisdom  is  to  perform  her  part  in  the  defence  of 
the  faith  by  the  arguments  and  skill  of  the  doctors 
and  clerks  of  the  university;  whilst  noblesse  is  to 
maintain  the  right  by  force  of  arms  in  the  person 
of  the  princes  and  nobles  of  the  realm. 

The  subject  of  the  baptism  of  Clovis  is  a 
favourite  one  with  the  miniature-painters  and 
wood-engravers  of  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  cen- 
turies, and  there  is  an  extremely  spirited  engrav- 
ing of  the  whole  history  above  related  in  the 
Toison  d:Or  of  Guillaume  de  Tournay  (fol.  Paris, 
1517). 

Pasquier,  in  his  Becherc'kes  de  France  (fol. 
Paris,  1621),  gives  it  as  his  opinion  that  in  the 
early  days  of  the  French  monarchy  each  king  and 
each  noble  bore  just  those  arms  which  seemed  to 
him  best ;  that  they  were  not  hereditary  or  per- 
manent in  their  character,  and  that  the  stories  of 
those  authors  who  say  that  the  arms  of  France 
were  at  one  time  three  toads,  at  another  three 
crowns,  at  another  three  crescents,  at  another  a  lion 
rampant,  holding  in  his  tail  an  eagle,  have  no  other 
foundation  than  what  may  be  foimd  in  the  fact 
that  some  king  bore  each  of  these  devices  as  his 
own  particular  badge,  just  as  Francis  I.  bore  a 
salamander.  Y\''hich  conclusion,  I  suppose,  modern 
writers  on  heraldrv  would  endorse.  That  the 
heraldic  fieur-de-ly's  was  quite  different  in  form 
from  the  fleur-de-lys  as  represented  in  ornamen- 
tation, ma}"-  be  gatliered  from  a  citation  given  by 
M.  de  Laborde  in  his  Glossary  of  Worlcs  of  Art — 
"  Pour  faire  et  forgier  une  cuillier  d'or,  dont  le  manche 
est  esquar telle'  AQfleurs  de  Us  d'armoierie  et  dejceurs  de  lis 
d'apres  le  vif,"  &c. 

In  all  probability  the  outline  of  the  early  fleur- 
de-lys  was  very  much  like  that  of  the  toad  "  dis- 
played," and  artistic  feeling  rather  than  religious 
scruple  or  angelic  admonition  led  to  the  substitu- 
tion of  the  flower  for  the  reptile. 

J.  Eliot  HoDGErN. 


Thomas  Lord  Croiiwell,  a  Sixger  axd 
Comedian  (3"'  S.  xi.  74.) — There  is  a  passage  in 
Foxe's  Acts  and  Monuments  (book  viii.,  ''History 
concerning  the  Life,  &c.,  of  Thomas  Cromwell,") 


which  is  of  value  in  reference  to  Me.  Payne 
Collier's  queries.  When  Cromwell  was  at 
Antwerp,  one  Geoffrey  ChamTiers  and  another 
arrived  there  on  their  way  to  Rome  to  procure 
from  the  Pope  (Julius  II.)  a  renewal  of  the  two 
pardons  belonging  to  Boston  in  Lincolnshire  ;  and 
persuaded  him  to  go  with  them  and  undertake 
the  business.     On  his  arrival  in  Rome  — 

"  Cromjvell began  to  think  with  himself  what 

to  devise  wherein  he  might  best  serve  the  Pope's  devo- 
tion. At  length  having  knowledge  how  that  the  Pope 
greatly  delighted  in  new-fangled  delicacies  and  dainty 
dishes,  it  came  into  his  mind  to  prepare  certain  fine 
dishes  of  jell}-,  after  the  best  English  fashion,  which  to  them 
of  Rome  was  not  known  nor  seen  before.  This  done, 
Cromwell  observing  his  time,  as  the  Pope  had  returned 
to  his  pavilion  from  hunting,  approached  with  his  Eng- 
lish presents  brought  in  with  a  suiu;  in  the  English  tongue, 
and  all  after  the  English  fashion.  The  Pope  suddenly 
marvelling  at  the  strangeness  of  the  song,  and  understand- 
ing that  they  were  Englishmen,  and  that  they  came  not 
emptj'-handed,  desired  them  to  be  called  in." 

Foxe  adds  that  the  Pope  was  greatly  pleased 
with  the  jelly,  asked  for  the  receipt,  and  then 
sealed  the  pardons.  It  was  the  song,  however, 
which  induced  the  Pope  to  admit  Cromwell  to  an 
audience  that  he  might  present  his  dainty  dishes, 
and  which  was  therefore  the  means  by  which  he 
obtained  the  favour  — 

"  Which  y,'an  much  licence  to  my  countrymen." 
For  this  line  doubtless  applies  to  the  pardons  (ac- 
cording to  Foxe  of  considerable  importance)  which 
the  Pope  renewed  to  Cromwell's  countrymen  at 
Boston,  not  to  any  privileges  for  the  English  then 
residing  in  Rome.  H.  P.  D, 

"  Othergates  "  (3'''*  S.  X.  446.) — The  word  in 
the  form  of  '•'  otherguess  "  is  to  be  found  in  Dib- 
din,  passim.     It   occurs   in   the   song  beginning, 
"  Come  all  hands  ahoy  for  the  anchor,"  — 
"  Oh  !  he'd  tell  an  otherguess  story,"  &c. 
It  occurs,  also,  in  the  Ingoldsbg  Legends,  by  Bar- 
ham, — 
"  You  may  deal  as  you  please  with  Hindoos  or  Chinese, 

Or  a  Mussulman  "inaking  his  heathen  salaam,  or 
A  Jew  or  a  Turk, 
But  it's  other  guess  work,"  &c. 

The  Lay  of  St.  Gengulphvs,  p.  241. 

It  occurs  in  nautical  stories,  but  is  in  few  of  the 
dictionaries. 

Otherguess  is  a  corruption  of  oihox-gates  (other- 
icays  or  other-?r/.sp),  which  occurs  once  in  Shake- 
speare's Tioelfth  Night,  Act  V.  Sc.  1).  P. 

"U.  P.  spells  Goslings"  (S-^-^  S.  xi.  57.)  — 
This  used  to  be  a  very  common  expression  in  my 
younger  days  in  Leeds  and  its  neighbourhood, 
and  is  still  used  there  with  the  same  sig-nification. 
The  term  however  should  be  goslings,  not  geslings. 
It  is  used  in  vulgar  parlance,  when  anything  is 
brought  to  an  end  or  a  hopeless  standstill,  and 
is  quite  appropriate  in  the  sense  in  which  it  is 
said  to  have  been  employed  by  Paley.     Although 


•  S'*  S.  XI.  Feh.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


123 


I  have  heard  it  used  a  great  many  times,  I  am 
not  able  to  explain  the  orioin  of  the  term,  and 
am  afraid  that  the  search  will  he  as  fruitless  as 
that  which  has  been  conducted  after  the  origin  of 
many  phrases  of  a  similar  kind,  and  which  are 
used  every  day,  and  have  a  meaning  well  under- 
stood by  those  who  use  them.  T.  B. 

Hoese-Chestxtjt,  why  so  called  (G"^  S.  xi. 
45.)  —  It  is  hardly  a  proper  time  of  the  year  for 
trying  the  experiment  which  your  correspondent 
W.  W.  proposes;  and  for  this  reason,  and,  I  must 
candidly  confess,  a  latent  suspicion  that  he  is 
seeking  to  impose  upon  my  credulity,  I  will  for 
the  present  decline  making  it.  But  in  justifica- 
tion of  my  assertion  that  the  word  horse,  when 
joined  to  any  substantive,  is  commonlj  used  to 
denote  what  is  large  and  coarse,  I  will  beg  to 
quote  Dr.  Johnson,  who  assigns  this  as  the  fifth 
signification  of  the  word :  — 

"  Joinerl  to  another  substantive,  it  signifies  something 
large  and  coarse,  as  a  horse-face,  a  face  the  features  of 
which  are  large  and  indelicate." 

So  far  the  great  lexicographer ;  and  for  examples 
we  may  take,  in  addition  to  the  two  or  three  1 
gave  before,  horse-crab,  horse-muscle,  horse -leech, 
horse-laugh,  horse-mint,  horse-play,  horse-cu- 
cumber, horse-radish,  &c. 

But,  after  all,  we  learn  from  Miller  the  true 
origin  of  the  name,  who  tells  us  in  his  Gardener's 
Dictionary,  tit.  "  Hippocastanum,"  that  — 
"  the  fruit  of  this  tree  is  very  bitter,  and  of  no  use 
amongst  us  at  present ;  but  in  Turkej'  they  give  them  to 
horses,  in  their  provender,  that  are  troubled  with  coughs 
or  arc  short-winded,  in  both  which  distempers  they  are 
supposed  to  be  very  good." 

Whether  horses  are  fond  of  them,  I  cannot  say ; 
cows  are  supposed  to  be  so,  but  they  do  not  iniT 
prove  the  milk.  W, 

Dial  iNSCKiPTioisrs  (3'''*  S.  xi.  3-3.)  —  Let  me 
add  one  placed  on  a  dial  at  Pisa,  which  seems 
worthy  recording :  — 

"  Vado,  et  vengo  ogni  giorno. 
Ma  tu  andrai  senza  ritorno." 

It  may  appear  bold  in  an  Englishman  to  criti- 
cise an  Italian  inscription  put  up  in  Italy,  but 
should  not  the  latter  line  be  read  — 

"  Ma  tu  m'  andrai  senza  ritorno  "  ? 

W. 

Salmon  anb  Apprentices  (3'^''  S.  viii.  234.)  — 
How  far  will  the  following  authorities  go  towards 
earning  the  reward  offered  by  the  editor  of  the 
Worcester  Herald?  In  the  Neio  Statistical  Ac- 
count of  Scotland,  art.  ''  Ayr,"  it  is  stated  that  in 
the  ordinances  drawn  up  for  the  regulation  of  the 
poor-house  at  Ayr,  in  1751,  it  is  directed  that 
the  inmates  should  be  compelled  to  dine  off  sal- 
mon twice  in  the  week.  In  Francke's  Northern 
Memorial  (1670),  in  speaking  of  Stirling,  it  was 


stated  that  so  many  salmon  were  caught  in 
the  Forth,  that  the  servants  insisted  upon  their 
masters  observing  the  old  statute  which  forbad 
them  to  consume  such  food  in  their  household 
more  than  thrice  in  the  week.  Fuller,  under  the 
title  "  Hereford,"  wrote  that  "  servants  indent 
with  their  masters  not  to  eat  salmon  more  than 
three  times  per  week." 

The  second  and  third  authorities  are  valuable, 
as  being  in  existence  "  ante  litem  motam." 

I  looked  in  vain  for  the  ancient  Scottish  statute. 
Perhaps  some  more  fortunate  inquirer  can  find  it. 
Perhaps  also  some  correspondent  at  Ayr  can  see 
the  poor-house  regulations,  and  inform  us  whe- 
ther they  are  as  represented  above. 

J.  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 

QroTATioN  FROM  HoMER  (3"' S.  xi.  24.)— Your 
correspondent  Schin  misquotes  the  second  line 
from  //.  ix.  313  — 

"Os  x'  eTepof  iiev  KevBrj  ivl  (ppearlv,  &Wo  5e  «rj?, — 
which  should,  of  course,  be  — 

"Oy  X   iTepov  fxkv  Kivdet  eVl  (ppecrlv,  IxWo  Se  ;8ofei. 

■  w. 

[This  is  a  case  of  various  reading,  not  of  misquotation ; 
the  line  having  been  taken  by  ScrnN  from  Heyne's  Iliad, 
a  tolerably  good  authority. 

A  satisfactory  account  of  Heyne's  reading,  elirri  for 
Pd^et,  will  be  found  under  pd^u  in  Eost's  ed.  of  Duncan's 
(originall)'  Damm's)  Lexicon.  The  reading  fidget  was 
introduced  by  Tumebus ;  but  elirr;  was  restored  by  AYol- 
fius,  from  the  best  authorities.  Keve-ri  for  Kevdst  is  the 
manuscript  reading,  and  no  misquotation. 

Heyne's  reasons  for  editing  the  line  as  cited  by  Schin 
may  seen  in  vol.  v.  of  his  great  work,  1802,  p.  591.  Thej^ 
were  approved,  as  he  remarks,  by  Bentley. 

We  regret  the  accidental  misprint  of  cttj?  for  e^Tjj  at  p. 
24.— Ed.] 

Clinton's  Chronology  (3'^  S.  xi.  34.)  —  The 
passage  is  in  the  third  column  of  The  Times  of 
Thursday,  November  3,  1859,  in  the  article  "The 
School  of  the  Prophets,"  a  review  of  Elliott's 
HorcB  Apocalyptica ,  Lord  Carlisle's  remarks  on 
the  eighth  chapter  of  the  Book  of  Daniel,  and 
Dr.  Cumming's  "  The  Great  Tribulation  " :  — 

"  Have  these  6000  j^ears  nearly  run  out  ?  According 
to  vulgar  chronology  they  are  short  of  their  end  by 
at  least  140  j^ears.  liut  Fynes  Clinton,  followed  by  others, 
has  proved  to  demonstration  that  there  is  a  mistake  in 
the  vulgar  era,  and  that  the  birth  of  Christ  must  conse- 
quenth'  be  put  forward  to  the  j'ear  of  the  world,  or  Anno 
Mundi  4132.  This  is  really  brought  out  with  immense 
force,  and  in  all  likelihood  it  is  correct.  If  so,  we  are 
again  brought  down  to  1867.  .  .  .  Dr.  Gumming 
quotes  in  his  chapter  of  '  The  Great  Tribulation,'  headed 
1867,  an  array  of  names  who  concur  Avith  him  in  looking 
forward  to  1867  as  a  great  crisis,  intersected  by  the 
various  lines  of  prophetic  dates." 

H.A.  B. 

Mtjltrooshill  (3"*  S.  x.  494.) — Although  un- 
able to  identify  this  locality,  I  may  state  that 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


tlie  original  form  of  the  name  most  prolsably  was 
Mvlhireshill,  from  multure,  the  old  term  hj  which 
the  miller's  fee  for  grinding  corn  was  designated. 
This  word  is  not  unfrequently  employed  as  a 
compound  in  local  names :  e.  g.  Multurscheaf,  co. 
Forfar ;  Mnltourhous,  co.  Kirkcudbright ;  Mul- 
towye,  CO.  Sutherland ;  Multibrughe,  co.  Wigton. 
W.  B.  A.  G. 

TAifCEEDS  OF  Whixlet  (S'^  S.  X.  450.)  —  I 
believe  there  is  some  account  of  the  Tancreds  in 
Gill's  Vallis  Ebor. — but  I  have  not  the  work  by 
me — and  as  well  as  in  one  or  two  of  Mr.  Grainge's 
■works.  Eboractjm:. 

IirsrEEAEEES  OP  Edwaed  I.  AjSd  Edwakd  II. 
(3"^  S.  xi.  29,  8.3.)  — I  see  nothing  whatever  to 
retract  in  my  remarks  on  jNIt.  Hartshome's  "  Itin- 
eraries." I  had  not  the  pleasure  of  that  gentle- 
man's acquaintance,  nor  yet  Mr.  Pettigrew's, 
whose  name  I  never  mentioned ;  and  I  never 
saw  these  Itineraries  until  shortly  before  Christ- 
mas, so  that  I  think  Mr.  Ievixg's  imputation  of 
acrimony  and  personal  feeling  is  singularly  mis- 
placed. I  am  not  going  to  make  a  battle-field  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  but  I  most  distinctly  decline  to  take 
away  from  what  I  have  said  upon  the  question. 
The  division  of  the  regnal  yeai's  in  these  Itine- 
raries is,  I  repeat,  incorrect,  grossly  incorrect,  not 
merely  in  one  year,  but  throughout  5  and  I  have  a 
perfect  right  to  mak:e  this  assertion.  If,  through- 
out a  series  of  tables,  years,  whether  regnal  or 
otherwise,  are  made  to  commence  wi-ongly,  they 
must  also  of  necessity  end  wrongly ;  and  so  the 
defect  is  doubled.  The  regnal  years  of  the  Eng- 
lish kings  were  settled  for  once  and  for  good  by 
Sir  Harris  Nicolas  years  ago  ;  and  if  his  rules  are 
departed  from,  all  chronological  accuracy  ceases. 
For  some  reason,  which,  as  jMe.  Ievikg  truly 
says,  "cannot  now  be  explained,"  Mr,  Hartshorne 
adopted  a  course  of  his  own,  which  possibly  may 
satisfy  a  superficial  student  of  English  history; 
but  certainly,  when  dates  are  in  question,  I  am 
entitled  to  ask.  Why  should  any  one  go  out  of  his 
way  to  confuse  them  ?  If  these  tables  had  been 
published  in  the  last  century,  I  would  not  have 
said  a  word  about  them;  but  all  things  are 
changed  now,  and  we  have  a  right  to  expect  that 
those  gentlemen  who  are  admitted  with  the  ut- 
most liberality  to  the  free  use  of  the  Public 
Records,  shall  at  the  least  refrain  from  garbling 
the  contents  of  those  Records,  and  putting  them 
into  such  a  shape,  that  if  their  fathers  could  rise 
from  the  dead  and  behold  their  disfigured  children, 
they  would  often  scarcely  recognise  them.  With 
all  deference  to  Me.  Ievixg,  this  is  not  acrimony, 
but  truth,  bare  and  naked  truth. 

W.  H.  Haet,  F.S.A. 

A  Paie   of  States   (3"J  S.  x.  393,  456;   xi. 
46.)  —  Can  any  of  your  coiTespondents  find  any 


instance  in  which  a  winding  or  a  geometrical  stair- 
case is  called  apaii-  ?  Two  pistols  are  called  so ;  but 
a  double-barreled  pistol,  which  is  as  much  a  set  as 
any  staircase  in  two  flights,  is  never  called  a  pair. 
I  omitted  to  notice  the  pair  of  bagpipes.  This 
may  justly  be  called  so,  as  there  are  tico  pipes, 
the  drone  and  the  chanter,  besides  the  bag.  A 
set  of  chessmen  may  well  be  called  a  pa?'/-,  as 
there  are  in  fact  tico  sets,  the  black  and  the  white. 
A  pair  of  cards,  in  all  probability,  was  the  old- 
fashioned  case  containing  two  packs,  used  alter- 
nately as  they  are  now-a-days.  These  cases  were 
of  stamped  leather,  and  had  a  division  to  prevent 
the  mixing  of  the  sets.  As  I  remember,  the  single 
pack  was  called  a  sheaf  of  cards.  I  would  once 
more  ask,  is  there  any  instance  where  any  article 
is  called  a  pair  that  has  not  a  duality  about  it  ? 

A.  A. 
Poets'  Comer. 

Shakspeaeiaxa  (3''''  S.  xi.  32.)  —  Apposite  to 
J.  L.'s  interesting  Gaelic  quotation  is  the  passage 
in  Samlet,  Act  I.  Sc.  2  :  — 

"  Thrift,  thrift,  Horatio  !  the  funeral  baked  meats 
Did  coldly  furnish  forth  the  marriage  tables." 

In  Massinger's  Old  Laic  there  is  a  like  pas- 
sage :  — 

"Besides  there  TriU  be  charges  saved  too;  the  same 
rosemary  that  serves  for  the  funeral  vdW  serve  for  the 
wedding." — Old  Laic,  Act  IV.  Sc.  I. 

John  Addis,  Jtjx. 
Rustington,  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 

BoLEY,  RocHESTEE  (3'''' S.  X.  473.) — In  reply 
to  your  correspondent  in  "N.  &  Q.,"  respecting 
the  election  of  a  "  Baron  of  Bully,"  I  beg  to  in- 
form him  that  the  custom  is  long  ago  numbered 
with  the  dead.  When  discontinued,  I  am  at  a 
loss  to  detei'mine  ;  but  so  long  as  half  a  century 
back,  no  such  title  was  recognised  here.  It  is 
true,  there  still  remained  a  large  elm  tree  on 
Boley  Hill,  beneath  which  the  mayor,  attended 
by  the  officers  of  the  corporation,  always  as- 
sembled to  issue  royal  proclamations,  &c.  Even 
the  tree  itself  has  now  disappeared.  The  residents 
on  the  hill  (at  that  time  chiefly  Quakers)  were 
unanimous  as  to  its  removal,  fearing  lest  by  a 
sudden  downfall  it  might  occasion  injury  either, 
to  themselves  or  their  houses.  Its  original  posi- 
tion is  indicated  by  an  iron  plate  fixed  in  the 
road ;  which  plate,  I  believe,  bears  the  date  of  its 
insertion,  but,  owing  to  the  frequent  and  heavy 
falls  of  snow  lately,  my  endeavours  to  clear  the 
surface  sufficiently  to  read  the  inscription  have 
proved  altogether  useless. 

In  the  reign  of  John,  Rochester  Castle,  it  is  said, 
held  out  during  a  siege  of  six  months,  and  it  was 
during  this  period  that  the  hill  was  thrown  up. 
It  is  situated  on  the  south-west  side  of  the  castle. 
Old  inhabitants  of  the  city  still  say  '' Bulli/  Hill." 
Its  present  residents  have  no  privileges  or  cus- 


S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


toms  differing  from  those  of  the  citizens  in  general. 
I  am  aware  that  I  have  not  answered  all  your 
querist's  interrogatories,  but  the  ahove  may  per- 
haps lead  him  to  a  further  knowledge  of  this 
subject.  Eleanoke  Iv . 

Male  ai^d  FETiiALE  Births  (S'"  S.  x.  26,  76, 
117.) — I  think  I  have  somewhere  seen  it  asserted 
that  excess  of  female  births  is  not  only  the  pro- 
bable cause,  but  the  certain  result  of  polygamy. 
Does  our  census  of  illegitimate  births  in  any  way 
support  this  assertion?  Or  does  the  experience 
of  the  Mormons  favour  it  ?  Professor  Thury,  of 
Geneva,  published  some  time  in  1861  a  pamphlet 
on  The  Laic  which  regulates  the  Sex  of  Plants  and 
Animals  —  a  subject  of  great  interest  to  the 
breeders  of  live-stock  of  all  descriptions.  Atten- 
tion was  called  to  this  pamphlet  in  the  twenty- 
fifth  volume  of  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Agricul- 
tural Society  of  England;  but  I  have  not  yet 
learned  whether  the  Professor's  views  have  been 
foimd  correct  in  relation  to  the  lower  animals; 
and  when  this  has  been  ascertained,  it  will  still 
be  a  moot  point  whether  the  human  species  obeys 
the  same  law.  Yetan  Rheged. 

.Tames  Guleat,  Caeicattjrist,  and  the  Penn 
Family  (.3'-*  S.  xi.  38.)— "Mr.  Richard  Penn,  the 
last  of  the  family  of  the  renowned  Quaker,''  says 
your  correspondent  $.  Is  the  latter  correct  in 
saying  so  ?  In  the  wiU  of  Mrs.  Catherine  Franck- 
lyn,  of  Gloster  Place,  Portmau  Square  (proved  in 
London  in  1831),  it  will  be  seen  that  this  very 
Mr.  Richard  Penn  is  described  as  her  cousin, 
and  in  the  same  category  of  relatives  as  members 
of  two  families  named  Lawrence  and  her  niece 
Anne  Edgar. 

The  particular  Lawi'ence  family,  extinct  in  the 
male  line,  through  which  Mrs.  Francklyn  (wee 
Lawrence,  daughter  of  Lawrence  Lawrence  by 
his  wife  Susanna,  daughter  of  John  Lawrence  and 
Isister  of  Mary,  grandmother  of  the  first  Lord 
Abinger,)  derived  her  connection  with  the  Penns, 
is  supposed  (excuse  the  objectionable  word)  to  be 
identical  with  that  of  the  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  of 
Iver,  who  was  Secretary  of  Maryland  imder 
Governor  Seymour  in  1696  ;  and  who  is  supposed 
to  be  buried  at  Chelsea,  although  there  is  proof 
that  the  secretary  of  Governor  Seymour  died  in 
Maryland, 

There  was  a  close  relationship  between  the 
families  of  Lawrence,  Allan,  Mastens,  Francis,*  and 
Penn,  between  1700  and  1780. 

Mrs.  Francklyn's  paternal  famih'  of  Lawrence 
must  not  be  confounded  with  her  maternal  family 
of  ihe  same  name — they  were  quite  distinct. 

I  myself  possess  a  very  extensive  and  authentic 
MS.  pedigree  of  the  Penn  family,  which  con- 


*  The  pedigree  of  Sir  Philip  Francis  Tvould  throw  a 
light  on  this. 


vinces  me  that,  although  the  male  line  may  be 
extinct,  there  are  many  representatives  of  it  in 
the  female.  Spal. 

Valentin^es  (B'"''  S.  xi.  37.) — However  ancient 
may  be  the  custom  of  choosing  valentines,  that 
of  se)iding  them  I  believe  to  be  of  comparatively 
recent  date.  Brand,  Hone,  and  all  the  best 
authorities  on  folk-lore,  including  Notes  is;  Queries 
itself,  may  be  searched  in  vain  for  evidence  of 
sending  valentines  being  an  old  custom.  It  pro- 
bably does  not  date  from  earlier  than  the  begin- 
ning of  the  last  century,  when  it  seems  valentines 
were  sometimes  di-awn  by  lot,  and  accordingly  in 
the  British  Apollo  for  January,  1711  (vol.  iii. 
No.  130),  we  find  a  querist  asking — supposing  he 
has  selected  a  valentine  of  the  fair  sex,  whether 
he  or  she  ought  to  make  the  present;  and  his 
query,  which  is  in  rhyme,  proceeds — 

"  Suppose  I  'm  her  choice, 
And  the  better  to  show  it 
Mj'  Ticket  she  wears, 

That  the  whole  Town  may  know  it." 

The  Tickets  here  alluded  to,  whether  drawn  or 
selected,  were  doubtless  often  sent  to  the  chosen 
fair,  and  the  transition  from  such  ticket  to  the 
present  valentine  is  a  very  simple  one ;  and  in 
this  old  custom,  therefore,  we  have,  no  doubt,  the 
origin  of  the  present  fashion.  W.  J.  T. 

Positions  in  Sleeping  (S"^"^  S.  ix.  474,  522.) — 
The  following  may  be  of  interest,  though  it  has 
but  the  authority  of  a  newspaper :  — 

'■'■A  Tiling  Truly  Worth  Knowing. — An  old  doctor  of 
Magdeburg  has  discovered  the  means  of  living  a  long 
time,  and  has  left  the  information  in  his  will  to  the  world. 
He  died  at  the  age  of  108.  Here  is  the  recipe  of  Dr. 
Fischwetler  :  —  •'  Let  the  body  recline  as  often  as  possible 
during  the  day  quite  flat  on  the  ground,  the  head  point- 
ing due  north,  and  the  feet  due  south,  by  which  means 
the  electric  current  will  pass  through  the  bodj^ ;  but  by 
all  means,  and  in  any  situation,  let  the  bed  be  due  north 
and  south."  —  South  Durham  and  Cleveland  3Iercury, 
Feb.  3, 1866. 

W.  C.  B. 

CocKBTJEN  or  Oemiston  (3^^  S.  xi.  52.)  — For 
Cockbum  o^  Arnieston,  read  Cockburn  of  Ormiston. 
The  latter  is  the  name  of  a  parisli  in  the  coimty 
of  Haddington,  and  the  estate  of  Ormiston  com- 
prises almost  the  whole  parish.  Considerably 
more  than  a  century  ago,  the  estate  was  sold  by 
Cockbum  to  the  Earl  of  Hopeton,  to  whose  de- 
scendant it  now  belongs.  G. 
Edinburgh. 

The  Most  Christian  King's  Geeat  Geand- 
mothek  (B'^  S.  xi.  76.) — This  princess  was  born 
April  11,  1644.  Her  name  was  Maria  Johanna 
Baptista.  She  was  daughter  of  the  Duke  of 
jVemours,  who  was  killed  in  a  duel  by  the  Duke 
of  Beaufort,  his  brother-in-law.  She  married 
Charles  Emmanuel  II.,  Duke  of  Savoj',  on  whose 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-i  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


death  she  became  Duchess  Regent  during  the 
minority  of  her  son.  Her  conduct  in  that  high 
position  caused  her  to  be  much  respected  by  all 
crowned  heads,  who  gave  her  the  title  of  Madame 
Royale.  Her  magnificence,  aftability,  and  charity 
gained  her  the  loving  affection  of  all  ranks  of  her 
people.  She  died  on  March  15, 1724,  being  with- 
in a  month  of  eighty  years  of  age,  generally  and 
deeply  lamented,  especially  hj  the  poor.  She  was 
interred  on  Zdarch  22,  in  the  royal  vault  of  the 
cathedral  of  St.  John,  at  Turin.  '  Her  heart  was 
conveyed,  at  her  own  request,  in  a  silver  box,  to 
the  convent  of  Carmelite  nuns,  to  whom  she  left 
a  legacy  of  20,000  livres. 

Her  son,  who  had  become  King  of  Sardinia, 
survived  her.  She  was  great  grandmother  to  the 
King  of  France,  and  also  to  the  King  of  Spain. 
Louis  XY.  of  France  had  attained  the  age  of 
fifteen  years  just  before  her  death.  The  mourning 
for  her  by  the  king  and  court  of  France  com- 
menced on  April  2  (0.  S.),  and  was  ordered  to 
continue  for  four  months  and  a  half.  The  expense 
therefore  charged  by  the  British  ambassador  at 
Paris  for  putting  his  family  into  mourning  was 
rightly  incurred,  and  allowed  by  George  I.,  as  a 
mark  of  national  respect  to  the  young  monarch, 
with  whom  we  were  at  the  time  in  close  alliance. 

W.  Lee. 

"  LiYDTGS  "  (3'"  S.  si.  35.)— The  answer  to  your 
correspondent's  enquiry  about  this  term  involves 
a  description  of  a  state  of  society  and  of  the 
arrangements  of  property  which  are  rapidly  be- 
coming of  the  things  that  were,  but  which  are  so 
curious  that  they  are  worth  notice  in  your 
"  N.  &  Q." 

Many  parishes  in  Dorsetshire  and  Wiltshire  were 
formerly  divided  after  the  following  fashion  : — 

1.  A  farm  of  say  800  acres  attached  to  the 
manor-house,  and  called  the  "  Lord's  farm,"  or 
"  Manor  farm,"  consisting  of  meadow,  arable  land, 
down,  and  coppice. 

2.  A  certain  number,  say  twenty-two  "  livings." 
Each  of  these  had  originally  a  small  farmhouse,  a 
mead,  a  few  acres  of  coppice,  and  about  twenty- 
four  acres  of  arable,  scattered  in  small  slips  of  one 
to  four  acres,  over  three  large  fields,  called 
"tenantry  fields."  Besides  this,  each  living  had 
four  "cow  leases,"  or  the  right  to  turn  that  num- 
ber of  cattle  upon  the  common ;  also  a  right  to 
turn  forty  sheep  upon  the  common  down.  Also, 
each  holder  of  a  "living"  had  the  right  to  let 
his  cattle  and  pigs  run  "  at  shack  "  over  the  whole 
of  the  tenantry  fields  after  harvest.  It  is  a  curious 
question  whether  these  holders  of  livings  were 
the  bordarii  or  villani  of  Domesday-book.  They 
were  not  copyholders,  for  no  manorial  rights  ex- 
tended beyond  the  manor  farm,  excepting  the 
right  of  game  and  of  keeping  the  pound.  The 
perfect  isolation  of  the  manor  farm,  and  the  sort 


of  community  of  the  tenantrj^,  point  out  a  curious 
state  of  societ}'. 

The  glebe  consisted  of  two  "  livings." 

In  process  of  time  these  livings  became  con- 
solidated into  larger  farms,  and  ultimately  the 
operation  of  the  Enclosures  Acts  put  an  end  to 
this  curious  state  of  things.  Davis's  Survey  of 
Wiltshire  gives  a  very  accurate  description  of  this 
arrangement. 

This  parish,  until  within  the  last  few  years, 
bore  the  traces  of  the  old  system  in  the  curious 
division  of  the  "  tenantry  fields  "  into  about  three 
hundred  strips,  incurring  great  waste  of  room  and 
inconvenience  in  farming. 

In  this  parish  the  "  Lord  "  retained  a  half  living, 
that  his  cattle  might  hare  a  right  to  the  parish 
pond.  Each  living  had  a  name — "  Stagshead," 
"Buddens,"  &c. — which  are  still  borne  by  many 
of  the  cottages  which  were  formerly  attached  to 
the  homesteads.  Robekt  Howard. 

Ashmore,  Dorset. 

PsALX  A2fD  Htmx  Tij^-es  (3"^  S,  xi.  40.)  — 
The  answer  of  T.  J.  B.  in  your  last  number  re- 
quires, I  think,  some  little  supplementing.  The 
first  psalm  tunes  were,  as  he  intimates,  named 
from  the  numbers  of  the  psalms  to  which  they 
were  affixed.  Tliese  tunes  were,  however,  soon 
followed  by  other  tunes  not  affixed  to  any  psalms 
particularly.  These  tunes  were  called  "common" 
tunes,  and  the  older  ones  distinguished  as  the 
"  proper"  tunes.  The  first  of  the  additional  tunes 
seems  to  have  had  no  other  name  np  to  the  time 
of  its  disuse  than  that  of  "  the  old  common  tune." 
The  second,  probably,  was  one  which  bore  the 
name  of  "  the  new  common  tune."  As  new 
tunes  were  added,  it  became  necessary  to  distin- 
guish them  more  clearly,  and  they  were  named, 
naturally  enough,  from  the  place  of  their  first  use : 
still,  however,  unless  my  memory  misleads  me^ 
they  at  first  bore  the  full  title  of  "  common  tunes," 
as  "  London  common  tune,"  "  York  common 
tune,"  Very  soon  the  word  "common"  was 
dropped  from  the  name,  though  still  used  as  a 
descriptive  word.  Gradually,  the  proportion  of  the 
one  kind  of  tunes  to  the  other  changed.  The 
common  tunes  became  numerous ;  the  proper  tunes 
dropped  into  disuse.  This  was  probably  through 
the  circumstance  that  many  of  the  proper  tunes 
were  written  in  the  old  modes,  and  were  difficult 
to  harmonise,  and  when  harmonised  were  difficult 
to  sing,  A  few  of  them  received  a  place  among 
the  common  tunes,  and  were  re-named.  The 
new  names  in  their  cases  were  not  local,  "  St, 
Michael,"  the  Old  134th,  is  one  of  these ;  "  St. 
Edmund's,"  Old  113th,  another ;  and  "  St.  Bartho- 
lomew," Old  124th,  a  third.  There  are  few,  if  any, 
others.  Some  of  the  old  proper  tunes  have  been 
recently  brought   into   use,    but  they  generally 


S^'i  S.  XL  Feb.  0,  'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


12< 


bear  local  names  wLicli  I  think  are  of  modern 
imputation. 

The  Old  Hundredth,  which  is  by  no  means  the 
only  one  of  the  original  set  in  common  use,  as 
T.  J.  B.  seems  to  .think,  at  one  time  (about  1740) 
bore  the  name  of  "  Savoy,"  but  the  older  name 
has  reasserted  itself.  The  Old  Hundredth,  hoTv- 
ever,  is  a  second  name,  for  the  tune  originally  is 
said  to  have  been  prefixed  to  and  bore  the  name 
of  the  134th  Psalm. 

Another  set  of  tunes  have  always  borne  the 
names  of  their  composers,  as  Tallis,  Tye,  Farrant. 
There  are  but  few  of  these  personally-named 
tunes,  as  a  composer  could  only  give  his  'name  to 
one.  I  think  these  tunes  are  strictly  Church  of 
England  tunes,  and  not  simply  Puritan  or  Eefor- 
mation  tunes,  as  the  others  might  be  considered. 

The  practice  of  naming  tunes  from  places  con- 
tinued almost  universal  until  the  middle  of  the 
last  century.  Then  the  practice  was  begun  of 
naming  tunes  from  the  subject  or  sentiment  of  the 
hymn  to  -which  they  were  set,  as  Adoration, 
Endless  Praise, Invocation.  These  were,  in  charac- 
ter, "proper"  tunes;  and  innumerable  have  been 
the  absurdities  occasioned  by  using  them  as  "com- 
mon tunes  "  and  singing  to  them  hymns  to  which 
their  fugues  and  repeats  were  ill  adapted. 

"  Before  his  throne  we  bow-wow-wow-ow-wow." 
"  And  stir  this  stii- 
And  stir  this  stupid  heart  of  mine" — 

are  instances.  True,  common  tunes  were  still 
largely  composed,  and  were  usually  named  from 
places,  but  it  seems  likely  that  the  selection  of  the 
name  was  often  unregulated  by  any  reason  other 
than  the  fancy  of  the  composer,  W,  F.  0. 

Birmingham. 

Early  Quakerism  :  "  Ninth  Month  called 
November,"  Qijaker's  Coneession  of  Faith 
(3'"  S.  X.  520.)— I  am  surprised  that  M.  D.,  with 
the  acquaintance  he  shows  of  early  Quakerism, 
should  have  put  sic  against  the  statement,  "  ninth 
month  called  November,"  as  if  in  1713  this  had 
been  anything  strange.  For  the  Act  for  the 
change  of  style  (24  Geo.  II.  cap.  23)  enacts 
(sect.  1)  that  "  the  supputation  according  to  which 
the  year  of  our  Lord  began  on  the  2oth  day  of 
March,  should  not  be  made  use  of  from  and  after 
the  last  day  of  December,  1751 ;  and  that  the  first 
day  of  January  next  following  .  .  .  should  be 
reckoned,  taken,  deemed,  and  accounted  to  be  the 
first  day  of  the  year  of  our  Lord  1752,"  &c.  Be- 
fore this  the  Quakers,  in  common  with  all  others 
in  England,  reckoned  March  as  the  first  month, 
and  so  on;  but  this  computation  they  then  for- 
mally changed.  To  prevent,  however,  confusion 
as  to  which  month  was  meant,  they  added  the 
common  name  in  their  marriage  certificates  until 
the  year  1800,  when  it  was  dropped. 


When  the  Quakers  were  permitted  to  make 
their  solemn  affirmation,  instead  of  an  oath  in 
the  usual  form,  they  accepted  a  confession  of  faith, 
which  is  inserted  in  the  Act  of  1  Will.  IV. 
cap.  18:  — 

"  I,  A.  B.,  profess  faith  in  God  the  Father  and  in  Jesns 
Christ  His  eternal  Son,  the  true  God,  and  in  the  Holy 
Spirit,  one  God  blessed  for  evermore  ;  and  do  acknow- 
ledge the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament 
to  be  given  by  divine  inspiration." 

Why  is  this  declaration  omitted  when  an  affirm- 
ation is  administered  to  a  Quaker  ?  Can  any  one, 
on  making  this  declaration,  take  an  affirmation  as 
a  Quaker  ?  Ljllius, 

"SicH  A  gettin'  up  Stairs"  (3"^''  S.  x.  456.)— 
If  C.  A.  W,  really  inquires  the  meaning  of  the 
above,  he  is  respectfully  informed  it  is  the  name 
of  a  very  comic  "  Nigger  song,"  introduced  about 
twent}'  years  since.  p,  p, 

De.  Pye's  Punning  Inscription  (3'*  S.  x. 
472.) — "  Vive  pins,  et  moriere  plus."  I  do  not  ap- 
prehend this  is  original,  and  I  should  be  glad  to 
know  in  what  author  the  quotation  is  to  be  found. 
I  have  seen  the  same  words  inscribed  on  a  tomb 
of  modern  date.  The  sentiment  is  trite  enough, 
and  reminds  one  of  the  aphorism  of  Confucius: 
"  Would'st  thou  learn  to  die  well,  learn  first  to 
live  well."  W.  W.  S. 

French  Topography  (3'^  S.  xi.  10.)  —  Jules 
Janin  publisiied  a  very  complete  topogi-aphical 
account  of  Brittany,  a  new  edition  of  which  ap- 
peared in  1862.  G.  D.  T. 

Old  Wooden  Chairs  :  Bede's  (3'^<>  S.  x.  432, 
520.) — I  am  sure  Mr.  Boutell  is  very  familiar 
with  Bede's  chair  at  Jarrow  church ;  and  I  only 
name  it  now  as  a  peg  for  a  query.  I  would  gladly 
agree  with  Cuthbert  Bede  (i^'  S.  v.  434)  that 
it  is  the  veritable  chair  of  Venerable  Bede,  if  I 
could  ;  but  the  significant  shake  of  the  wise  head 
of  a  distinguished  member  of  our  Architectural  and 
Archaeological  Society  of  Durham  and  Northum- 
berland, when  we  visited  Jarrow  last  July,  dis- 
sipated the  illusion.  It  is  old  and  ugly; 'and  I 
should  liked  to  have  sat  down  on  it ;  but  seeing 
that  it  was  rickety,  and  the  writer  was  14A  stone,  I 
thought  it  prudent  for  us  both  to  forego  the  doubt- 
ful pleasure. 

How  far  back  can  the  chair  be  traced  at  Jarrow  ? 
What  is  the  other  side  of  the  argument  ? 

George  Lloyd. 

Darlington. 

Baptism  (3'1  S.  x.  509.)— Will  Filius  Eccle- 
SI.E  state  in  which  essay  in  The  Church  and  the 
World  the  writer  "states  that  it  is  becoming 
common  among  Dissenters  to  use  in  baptism  the 
form,  "I  baptize  in  the  name  of  the  Lord 
Jesus"?  A.  B.  M. 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  Feb.  9,  '67. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 
The  Poetical  Works  of  Charles  Churchill,  zoith  a  Memoir 
by  James  L.  Haniiay,  and  Copious  Notes  hy  William 
Tooke,  F.R.S.     In   two    Volumes.      {Aldme   Edition.) 
Bell  &  Daldy. 

When  we  think  how  much  power,  how  much  genius, 
Churchill  cU'^plavs  in  his  best  Satires,  and  consider  how 
great  was  the  influence  which  he  exercised,  not  only  on 
his  own  age,  but  on  his  successors  in  the  field  of  English 
poetry,  it  is  remarkable  how  few  have  been  the  editions  of 
his  works,  how  little  has  been  done  to  make  the  allusions 
in  those  works  inteUigible  to  modern  readers.  The  late 
Mr  Tooke  brought  out  an  edition  in  1804;  forty  j-ears 
afterwards  he  revised  it  for  the  late  Mr.  Pickering's  beau- 
tiful series  of  Aldine  Poets.  But  Mr.  Tooke's  short- 
comings were  many,  and  were  mercilessly  exposed  by 
Mr  Forster  in  the  Edinbrirgh  Review.  The  readers  of 
thait  article  on  ChurchiU,  in  the  expanded  fomi  in  which 
it  appeai-s  in  the  author's  Historical  and  Biographical 
Essays,  and  all  others  who  take  an  interest  in  Churchill, 
will  rej  oice  in  this  new  edition.  It  is  beautiftilly  printed ; 
the  notes  have  been  freelv  abridged  and  carefully  revised  ; 
Mr  Forster's  marked  co"py  has  been  placed  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  publishers';  the  text  has  been  collated  with 
the  original  editions  ;  and  Mr.  Hannay  has  contributed 
a  brilliant  sketch  of  ChurchiU's  life  :  so  that  a  handsome 
and  creditable  edition  of  the  works  of  this  great  satirist 
is  no  longer  a  desideratum. 

Lyra  Britannica.  A  Collection  of  British  Hymns,  printed 
from  the  genuine  Texts,  with  biographical  Sketches  of 
the  Hymn-writers.  By  the  Rev.  Charles  Rogers,  LL.D. 
&c.     (Longman.) 

This  is  by  far  the  completest  collection  of  British 
Hvmns  that'has  yet  appeared.  Our  author  tells  us  it  is 
the  produce  of  nine  vears'  research,  and  we  have  every 
reason  to  congratulate  the  religious  public  on  the  result 
of  his  labours.  His  aim  has  been  to  present  his  readers 
with  a  careful  selection  of  approved  and  classical  hymns, 
adherino-  to  the  original  texts  without  abridgment  or 
alteration,  and  prefixmg  slight  biogi-aphical  notices  of 
the  writers  ;  and  he  has  carried  out  his  plan  in  a  most 
satisfactory  manner,  and  has  succeeded  in  producing  a 
volume  of  great  permanent  value.  Occasionally  we  may 
think  the  general  tone  of  a  favourite  hymn  marred  by 
some  uncouth  verse  or  obsolete  phrase,  which  Mr.  Rogers' 
fidelity  to  his  original  has  induced  him  to  reinstate  m 
the  text ;  but  this  increases  the  literarj'  value,  if  it  de- 
tracts somewhat  from  the  devotional  character  of  his 
book  We  could  only  wish  that  the  several  authors  were 
placed  in  order  of  date  instead  of  alphabetically.  If  that 
were  done,  Mr.  Rogers'  volume  would  add  to  its  other 
merits  that  of  exhibiting  the  growth  of  our  native 
hymnody. 

Pope  Alexander  the  Seventh  and  the  College  of  Cardinals. 
Bu  John  Bargrave,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Canterbury.  (1662- 
1680.)  With  a  Catalogue  of  Dr.  Bargrave's  Museum. 
Edited  by  James  Craigie  Robertson,  M.A.,  Canon  of 
Canterbury.     (Camden  Society.) 

Dr.  John  Bargrave  was  no  "  home-keeping  "  Canon ; 
for  not  only  did  he  journey  to  Algiers  with  a  large  sum 
•  for  the  redemption  of  Christian  captives,  but  he  four 
times  visited  Rome  and  Naples.  On  his  last  visit  to 
Italy  he  bought  a  series  of  portraits  of  Pope  Alexander 
VII  and  his  Cardinals.  These  he  was  in  the  habit  of 
lending  to  his  friends  for  their  amusement,  and  with  a 
view  to  this  he  wrote  on  the  margins  of  the  prints,  and 
also  on  the  back  of  them,  such  notices  of  the 


persons  represented  as  he  could  glean  from  books  like  Le 
Giusta  Statera  de'  Porporati ;  II  Nepotismo  di  Roma ; 
II  Cardinalismo  di  Santa  Ckiesa,  &c.,  with  additions  from 
hearsay  or  from  his  own  observation.  The  volume  in 
which  these  are  contained  coming  under  the  notice  of  the 
learned  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  of  King's  Col- 
lege, he  suggested  it  for  publication  to  the  Council  of 
the  Camden  Society,  who  readily  availed  themselves  of 
his  offer  to  edit  it. '  From  what  we  have  said,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  book  is  one  of  considerable  interest ;  while 
the  name  of  Canon  Robertson  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  for 
the  care  and  judgment  with  which  it  has  been  produced. 

Messrs.  Tinsley  wiU  bring  out,  in  the  course  of  the  pre- 
sent month,  the  third  and  fom-th  volumes  of  Mr.  C.  D. 
Yopge's  History  of  the  Bourbons. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 
WAJTTED   TO   PXTRCHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  tlie  foUowina  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whoae  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 
Mbmoibs    op    J.  T.   Sebres,  Mabine  Pai.vteb  to  His  Majesty.    8vo. 

1826.  „      „    „  „ 

AtJTHBNTICATBD   PrOOFS   OF     THE   LEGITIMACY   OP     H.R.H.   OlIVE,  PbIN  • 

CESS  OP  Cdmberland.    8vo.    No  date. 
Prinxess  of    Cumberland's   Statement  to  the  English  Nation,  &c. 

8vo.    1822. 
The  Wrongs  of  H.P...H.  the  Princess  Olive  of  Cdmbebland.    8vo. 

1833. 
Any  other  Pamphlets  by  her. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns.  Esij..  40,  St.  George's  Square, 
BelgraveRoad.S.W.  _ 

Chalmers'  British  Poets.    Vol.  IV. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Waters,  Bookseller,  Westbourne  Grove,  W. 

Sheridan's  Life  by  Moobe.    2  Vols. 
Cubban's  Life  by  his  Son.  „  , 

Gbimaldi's  Life.    Cruikshank's  Plates.    2  Vols. 
Tom  Brown's  Works.    4  Vols. 
Beckford's  TaonoHTS  on  Hunting.    1320. 
SoMEBs'  Tracts,  by  Sir  W.  Scott.    13  Vols. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Thomas  Beet,  Bookseller.  15,  Conduit  Street. 
Bond  Street,  London,  W. 


M.  C.  The  Twopenny  Piece  in  copper  of  George  III.  was  in  general 
circulation. 

R.  C.  J.  Most  poets  are  of  opinion  that  the  first  musical  instrument 
was  a  shell.  Hence  the  allusion  in  the  line  quoted  from  Byron :  .  Weep 
for  the  harp  ofJudaKs  broken  shell."  Vide  aUo  the  first  four  lines  of 
CoUins's  ode  "  The  Passions." 

E.  Elton  (Wheatley.)  An  account  of  the  battle  between  the  Island 
tlJCi'sar  is  niven  in  Allen's  Battles  of  the  British  Navy,  i.  258  {Bohn  s 
lUu^trated  Library);  and  in  the  Annual  Register /or  1778,  p.  *233. 

L.  E.  The  Fratoplast  is  by  Miss  Latter,  now  the  wife  of  the  Eev. 
John  Baillie. 

Old  Brown  BEss._rfic  needle -nun  was  first  served  out  to  the  Pi-us- 
sianarmy  in  ml, one  hundred  men  of  every  battahon  of  the  line  being 
TquippeTivM  them Once  a  Week,  quoted  in  The  Times,  Aug.  23, 

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129 


LOSDOiY,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUART  16,  1S67. 


CONTENTS.— Xo  268. 


NOTES:— Ancient  Stone  Coffiu  discovered  in  the  Parish 
of  Stilton,  Hunts,  near  to  the  Roman  Ermine  Street,  129 

—  Hannah  Liglitfoot,  131  —  Dancing  before  the  High- 
Altar,  in  the  Cathedral  of  Seville,  13-2  —  Bibliographical, 
133  —  Henry  Patenson,  134  —  Death  by  the  Guillotine  — 
"  Lanes  "  —  Folk  Lore :  the  Hare  —  Weddings  :  Changing 
the  Name— Pontefract- Worcestershire  Sauce:  Trouble 
saved, 134. 

QUERIES:  —  Dryden  Queries,  135  —  Royal  Governors  of 
New  York,  lb.  —  Anonymous  —  Armorial  Queries  —  Ar- 
mitage  —  Church  in  Portugal  —  Dante  Queries  —  Gram- 
mar Schools  —  Irish  Cromlech  —  Sheriffs'  Pillars  —  London 
Merchants  —  Jlarriages  by  Clog  and  Shoe  —  Men's  Heads 
covered  in  Church— Misopogon  — The  New  Jerusalem — 
Owen  and  Lloyd  Families  —  Prison  Literature  —  Quota- 
tion wanted  —  Sir  S.  Romilly  —  Robert  Scott  of  Bawtrie — 
St.  Bernard  —  St.  Hilary's  Day,  136. 

QuEEiEs  WITH  Answers :—Childwife  Pew  — Oxford  Me- 
morials —  Pink  —  Norwegian  Legend  —  Ducks  and  Drakes, 
138. 

REPLIES :— Lines  on  the  Eucharist,  140— Wearing  Foreign 
Orders  of  Knighthood  in  England,  lb.— Low:  Barrow, 
Itl  —  George  III.  —  Gary's  Dante  —  Ogilvie :  Rebellion  of 
1745  —  Dr.  Fisher  —  Les  Anglois  s'amusaient  tristement, 
&c.  —  Quotation  from  Homer  —  Vessel-Cup  Girls  —  Block 
on  which  Charles  I.  was  beheaded  — Sibylline  Oracles  — 
Callabre  —  Punning  Mottoes  —  Kell  Well  —  Andrew  Cros- 
bie  —  Clerical  Use  of  Academical  Costume— "  Strictures 
on  the  Lives  of  Eminent  Lawyers  "—Old  Proverb :  Spiders 

—  Johnny  Cake  —  Sir  William  Brereton,  142. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


SattS, 

ANCIENT  STONE  COFFIN  DISCOVERED  IN  THE 
PAEISH  OF  STILTON,  HUNTS,  NEAR  TO  THE 
ROM.IN  ERMINE-STREET. 

In  the  last  week  of  tlie  past  year,  1866,  an 
ancient  stone  coffin  was  discovered  in  a  field  in 
the  parish  of  Stilton,  Hunts,  *by  some  labourers 
who  were  drain-digging  on  the  Washingley  estate 
of  the  Earl  of  Harrington.  The  coffin  is  hewn 
out  of  a  solid  block  of  stone,  its  lid  being  a  pon- 
derous slab,  smoothed  only  on  its  inner  surface, 
and  without  inscription  or  ornament.  The  length 
of  the  lid  is  6  feet  6  inches  by  2  feet  2  inches  wide, 
with  a  general  thickness  of  8  inches  :  the  internal 
length  of  the  coffin  is  6  feet  2  inches ;  depth,  1 
foot  5  inches ;  width  of  base,  1  foot  2  inches  wide, 
which  is  gradually  increased  to  a  width  of  2  feet 
at  the  head.  It  "lies  S.E.  by  N.W. ;  and,  from 
its  southern  side  having  been  broken  in  two  places, 
it  was  filled  with  water  and  silt.  It  contained  two 
human  skeletons,  a  male  and  female ;  the  bones 
being  greatly  disturbed,  probably  by  the  action  of 
the  water.  The  skulls  were  found  together  in  the 
centre  of  the  coffin,  and  the  shoulder-bones  at  the 
upper  end,  where  also  was  a  thigh-bone  of  the 
male  in  excellent  preservation.  The  greater  por- 
tion of  the  bones  were  either  crumbled  in  the 
silt,  or  broken  in  the  act  of  raising  the  ponderous 
lid ;  but  the  skulls  were  almost  perfect,  and  a  few 


of  the  molar  teeth  remained  in  that  of  the  male, 
who  had  been  a  man  in  the  prime  of  life,  and, 
judging  from  the  thigh-bone,  of  more  than  average 
height.  No  ornaments,  pottery,  coins,  or  weapons 
were  found  in,  or  near  to,  the  coffin;  nor  were 
any  other  remains  discovered,  except  the  thigh- 
bone of  a  horse  in  the  soil  above  the  coffin-lid, 
which  was  at  the  depth  of  one  foot  from  the  surface 
of  the  ground.  There  are  no  traces  of  any  barrow, 
cairn,  or  elevation  of  the  soil ;  but  the  field  has 
been  under  cultivation  and  ploughed  since  the  year 
1803,  when  the  whole  of  this  waste  common — or 
"  fields,"  as  they  are  called  in  Huntingdonshire — 
was  first  broken  up  and  enclosed.  No  other  re- 
lics have  yet  been  discovered  in  the  field;  but 
the  tile-di-aining,  which  is  still  being  carried  out, 
has  disclosed  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  coffin 
several  patches  of  dark  earth  amid  the  stiff  clay. 

The  spot  in  which  the  cofiin  has  been  found  is, 
as  the  crow  flies,  a  mile  west  of  Stilton,  on  the 
level  crest  of  the  high  ground  that  bounds  the 
Great  North  Road  towards  Folkesworth  and  Nor- 
man Cross,  and  close  to  the  road  to  the  former 
place  and  to  Washingley  Hall,  the  ancient  seat  of 
the  Ap  Rhys  (or  Apreece)  family.*  The  manor 
of  Washingley,  of  which  the  field  forms  a  part,  is 
mentioned  in  Domesday-book  as  having  been 
granted  to  Chetelbert,  the  king's  thane,  and  as  pos- 
sessing a  church  and  a  priest.  Brydge  ascribes  the 
destruction  of  this  chm-ch  to  the  fifteenth  century; 
and,  although  no  trace  of  its  situation  exists,  it  is 
presumed  to  have  stood  in  that  "Chapel  Close" 
field  (near  to  the  Hall  Wood)  which  forms  a  por- 
tion of  the  glebe  of  the  rector  of  Lutton,  to  which 

*  Also  spelt  Ap  Ehise,  and  finally  settling  down  to 
Apreece.  "  Cadwallader  Apreece,"  a  constant  customer 
at  Moll  King's  (see  Dr.  Mackay's  edition  of  Smith's  Anti- 
quarian Ramble,  i.  266),  was  the  original  who  stood  for  a 
character  in  Foote's  farce  The  Author.  (See  Quarterly 
Review,  Sept.  1854,  p.  190.)  The  Oxford  Sausage  also 
mentions  the  "Ap-Rices"  (see  "The  Castle  Barber's 
Soliloquy.")  Macculloch,  in  speaking  of  "the  Druid 
Abaris,"  sportively  says,  "  It  has  been  ingeniously  sug- 
gested that  Abaris  is  but  a  corruption  of  Apreece." 
{Highlands  and  Western  Isles,  iii.  233.)  The  male  line 
of  the  Apreeces  of  Washingley  terminated  in  Sir  Thomas 
Apreece,  who,  on  December  21,  1844,  shot  himself  in 
London.  His  brother,  Shugborough  Apreece,  Esq.  (whose 
widow  married  Sir  H.  Davj'),  was  then  living  at  Wash- 
ingley Hall,  and  died  without  issue.  Sir  Thomas  Apreece 
was  unmarried,  and  bequeathed  the  whole  of  his  property 
to  St.  George's  Hospital,  Hyde  Park  Comer.  The  rela- 
tives contested  the  will,  which  was  thrown  into  Chancery, 
where  it  remained  until  1860,  when  a  compromise  was 
agreed  upon,  and  the  Apreece  property  was  divided  be- 
tween the  hospital  and  the  representatives  of  the  familj'. 
The  Washingley  estate  was  purchased  by  the  (fifth)  Earl 
of  Harrington,  who  succeeded  his  brother,  who  had  mar- 
ried the  daughter  of  the  same  Mr.  Foote  who  had  made 
"  Cadwallader  Apreece  "  one  of  his  characters.  The  fifth 
Earl  died  Sept.  7,  1862,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  only 
son,  who  died  of  consumption  at  Cannes,  Feb.  '.^2,  1866, 
seven  months  befoi-e  attaining  his  majority,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  cousin,  the  present  Earl. 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67. 


parisli  "Washingley  is  attached.  This  position 
coincides  with  that  of  the  church  marked  *'  Wash- 
ingle  "  in  Speed's  map,  where  a  brook,  the  modern 
division  between  the  parishes  of  Washingley  and 
Stilton,  divides  the  low-lying  Chapel  Close  from 
the  upland  field  in  which,  at  the  distance  of  a 
quarter  of  a  mile,  the  ancient  coffin  has  been 
found. 

I  oiFer  the  conjecture,  however,  that  the  coffin 
was  connected  with  the  Roman  Ermine-street, 
rather  than  with  the  old  Norman  church  of 
Washingley.  It  is  true  that  Speed,  who  in  his 
map  is  the  first  to  mark  Ermine  Street  in  this 
neighbourhood,  has  made  it  to  pursue  the  course 
of  the  present  Great  North  Eoad  through  the 
town  of  Stilton ;  and  in  this  he  has  been  followed 
by  subsequent  map-makers.  By  this  route  a  turn 
to  the  east  is  made  at  Conington  and  taken  to 
Norman  Cross,  in  order  to  bring  the  road  as  near 
as  possible  to  Peterborough ;  and  from  Norman 
Cross  it  takes  a  sharp  turn  westward  to  Chester- 
ton, just  beyond  which  was  the  Eoman  station 
Durobrivae.  Now,  in  speaking  of  this  place, 
Camden  said  — 

"  To  it  there  leadeth  direct!}^  from  Huntingdon  a  Ro- 
man Portway ;  and,  a  little  above  Stilton,  -which  in  times 
past  was  called  Stichilton,  it  is  scene  tvith  an  high  banhe, 
and,  in  au  ancient  Saxon  Charter,  termed  Ermingstreat." 

We  must  certainly  understand  from  this,  that 
Ermine  Street  did  not  pass  along  the  low  ground, 
through  the  modern  town  of  Stilton,  but  along 
the  higher  bank  above  it,  which  would  bring  it 
somewhere  near  to  the  spot  where  the  stone  coffin 
has  been  found.  And,  in  fact,  the  road,  thirty 
yards  westward  of  which  the  coffin  lies,  is  known 
to  have  been  an  ancient  one,  carried  on  from  that 
direction  in  which  Speed  has  marked  Stilton  Mill, 
and  where  a  portion  of  this  same  road  (now 
ploughed  up)  was  utilised  for  that  carriage-drive 
to  Washingley  Hall  which  is  marked  in  the  Ord- 
nance map.  This  would  take  the  road  through 
the  parish  of  Denton — where  is  a  Norman  church 
in  which  Sir  Robert  Bruce  Cotton  was  baptised — 
and  so  on  to  Conington,  in  which  church  Sir  R. 
B.  Cotton  was  buried,  and  in  whose  castle  (re- 
built by  himself  from  the  materials  of  Fothering- 
hay  Castle)  he  received  his  friend  Camden,  and 
showed  him  his  Roman  remains  and  other  anti- 
quarian treasures,  the  greater  part  of  which  were 
bequeathed  to  the  nation  by  his  grandson,  and 
now  form  the  famous  "  Cottonian  Collection  "  in 
the  British  Museum. 

Although  Camden's  language  is  not  very  clear, 
it  seems  probable  that  it  is  to  Durobrivaj  and 
Chesterton  that  he  refers,  when  he  speaks  of  the 
"  Cofins  or  sepulchres  of  stone  "  discovered  "  in 
the  ground  of  R.  Bevill  of  an  ancient  house  in 
this  shire,"  who  was  doubtless  that  Robert  Bevill 
who  supplied  his  pedigree  to  Camden's  deputy, 
Nicholas   Charles,  Lancaster  Herald,  who  made 


the  visitation  of  the  county  of  Huntingdon  in  1613. 
The  family  of  Bevill — whose  name  is  still  pre- 
served in  "  Bevill's  Lode,"  Whittlesea-mere  — 
was  chiefly  connected  with  Chesterton  and  Saw- 
trey,  places  eight  piiles  and  a  half  apart,  having 
Washingley  in  a  straight  line  between  them  and 
equidistant  from  each.  The  family  had  also  pro- 
perty in  Denton  and  Conington;  and  it  would 
seem  from  some  of  the  quarterings  in  the  coat-of- 
arms  that  was  once  to  be  seen  in  a  window  at 
Washingley  Hall,  that  a  connection  existed  be- 
tween the  two  ancient  Himtingdonshire  families 
of  Bevill  and  Ap  Rhys;  and  in  some  ancient 
deeds  of  the  Bevills  appear  the  names  of  "  Robt. 
of  Wassygle,"  "Rob'todeWassingle,"  and"  Joh'e 
de  Fowkesworth." 

It  is  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  Ches- 
terton and  Kate's  Cabin — where,  till  recently,  hung 
the  sign  of  the  "  Dryden's  Head,"  painted  by  Sir 
Wm.  Beech ey  when  a  journeyman  house-painter — 
that  so  many  Roman  antiquities  have  been  dis- 
covered,  and   fully  described  and  illustrated  by 
Camden,  Stukeley,  Gibson,  Gough,  and,  in  1828, 
by  Mr.  E.  Artis,  F.S.A.     Folkesworth,  where  is 
a  Norman  church  mentioned  in  Domesday-book, 
was,  in  all  probability,  the  place  where  the  folk- 
mote  was  held.     It  is  true  that  Camden  does  not 
mention  the  precise  spot,  and  only  says  that  the 
assembly  was  held  in  this  neighbourhood;  and 
Speed  says,  "  Normans  Cros,  the  next  Hundred, 
taketh  name  of  a  Crosse  aboue  Stilton,  the  place 
where  in  former  ages  the  Diuision  mustered  their 
people,  whence  Wapentake  is  deriued ;  "  but  the 
parish  of  Folkesworth  extends  a  mile  eastward  of 
tlie  church  and  village  to  that  modern  ''  Norman 
Cross "  where   the  Great   North  Road  cuts,   at 
right  angles,  the  road  from  Folkesworth  to  Peter- 
borough.    And,  more  than  this :  a  century  ago, 
when   certain  changes  were  being  made   in   the 
property,  the  rights  of  the  vicar  of  Yaxley  had  to 
be  preserved ;  and,  as  he  had  not  a  yard  of  land  in 
the  parish,  it  became  a  question,  what  were  his- 
rights  ?  when  it  was  established  that  he  was  the 
representative  of  the  Abbots  of  Thorney,  and  had 
the  right  of  voting  in  the  Folk-mote  at  Folkes- 
worth.    If,  then,  Ermine  Street,  as  we  conjecture, 
passed  through  Folkesworth,  it  would  be  carried 
along  the   road  through   Morborne  (where  is  a 
Norman  church,  mentioned  in  Domesday-book), 
and  through  Haddon,  to   Chesterton  and  Duro- 
brivse.     This  ancient  road,  marked  in  the  Ord- 
nance map,  is  at  the  present  day  in  the  condition 
of  "  the  Bullock  Road,"  which  runs  parallel  to  it 
(to     Wansford)    through   ''  Oggerstone   Ruins " 
( Agger-stane  ?)  at  the  distance  of  rather  more 
than  a  mile.     This  road,  the  oldest  in  the  king- 
dom, was  the   ancient  British   track- way;    and, 
although  in  its  greater  extent  obliterated  by  the 
plough  and  modern  cultivation,  has  some  lengths 
still  left  at  Washingley  in  its  primitive  condition. 


S--"!  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


131 


The  route  here  suggested  for  Ermine  Street  is 
far  more  direct  than  that  assigned  to  it  along  the 
course  of  the  modern  Great  North  Eoad.  It  also 
agrees  -with  Camden's  description,  and  lifts  the 
"  Eoman  port-way  "  out  of  the  level  of  the  fens, 
to  a  point  admirably  adapted  for  a  Roman  sta- 
tion, from  whence  the  enslaved  Britons  might  he 
watched  at  their  task-work  of  timber-felling  a.nd 
fen-banking  (paludibus  emuniendis)  of  which  Taci- 
tus speaks.  For,  from  the  spot  where  this  ancient 
stone  coffin  has  been  discovered  there  is  a  Pisgah- 
like  prospect  over  the  whole  extent  of  the  Hunt- 
ingdonshire and  Cambridgeshire  fens  ;  so  much  so, 
that,  on  a  clear  day,  anyone  who  is  blessed  with 
good  eyesight  may  see  from  this  point  the  towers 
of  Ely  Cathedral,  the  boundary  landmark  in  the 
thirty  miles  view. 

The  stone  coffin  has,  for  the  present,  been  covered 
up  where  it  lies.  The  last  stone  coffin  found  in 
this  division  of  Huntingdonshire  was  near  to 
Chesterton,  in  1754.  Ctjthbert  Bede. 


HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT.  * 

But,  says  Mr.  Jesse, ''  singularly  enough  we  find 
more  than  one  of  the  statements  contained  in 
The  Authentic  Records  and  in  The  Secret  History 
endorsed  by  the  respectable  authoritj^  of  a  no  less 
well-informed  person  than  William  Beckford;" 
adding,  "  his  account,  it  is  true,  difl'ers  in  detail 
from  some  others."  And  this  opens  up  two  curious 
questions — first,  what  degree  of  reliance  can  be 
placed  upon  the  Conversations  in  question  ?  se- 
condly, where  did  Beckford  pick  up  the  informa- 
tion with  which,  in  the  present  case,  he  mystijied 
the  reporter  of  them  ? 

Your  correspondent  Calctjttensis  asked  lately 
{ante,  p.  11)  upon  what  authority  do  the  Conver- 
•  satiotis  rest  ?  The  answer  is  simple — upon  that 
of  Mr.  Cyrus  Redding,  a  gentleman  upon  whose 
good  faith  every  reliance  may  be  placed.  But, 
in  spite  of  that,  1  do  not  believe  they  are  to  be 
depended  upon  as  evidences  of  Mr.  Beckford's 
real  opinions.  Having  heard  this  often  stated,  I 
have  applied  to  a  gentleman  who  knew  Mr.  Beck- 
ford  extremely  well  for  information  upon  the 
subject.  After  saying  that  he  agreed  with  me  in 
my  estimate  of  the  value  of  the  Conversations,  and 
stating  that  for  the  last  ten  years  of  Mr.  Beckford's 
life  not  a  day  between  the  months  of  January  and 
July  passed  without  his  being  two  or  three  hours 
in  his  company,  he  adds  — 

"  I  have  no  recollection  of  his  having  mentioned  Hannah 
Lightfoot,  but  I  do  remember  distinctly  talking  with 
him  frequently  about  Junius,  and  believe  that  he  attri- 
buted the  authorship  to  Francis.  As  to  Dr.  Wilmot,  he 
used  to  make  facetious  observations  about  him  in  con- 
nexion with  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres.     But   Mr.  Beckford 

*  Concluded  from  p.  112. 


delighted  in  mystification  and  would  often  tell  me  hilariously 
how  he  had  humbugged  people  I" 

And  then  proceeds  to  express  his  belief  that  Beck- 
ford often  exercised  this  perverse  humour  on  the 
reporter. 

Now  what  did  Mr.  Beckford  profess  to  believe  ? 
His  story,  as  reported  in  the  Keio  'Monthly  Maga- 
zine, vol.  Ixxii.  p.  216  (see  "  N.  &  Q."  1^'  S. 
X.  228)  was  that  the  parties  were  "niarriedby  Dr. 
Wilmot,  the  author  of  Junius !  at  Kew  Chapel  in 
1759,  William  Pitt  (afterwards  Earl  of  Chatham) 
and  Ann  Taylor  being  the  witnesses,  and  for  aught 
I  know  the  document  is  still  in  existence  !  " 

It  certainly  is.  It  is  one  of  several  produced 
at  the  late  memorable  trial,  and  pronounced  by 
the  Lord  Chief  Baron  "  gross  and  rank  forgeries," 
and  which  are  impounded  in  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench  at  the  present  moment. 

Is  there  any  sane  man  in  England  who  believes 
that  Wilmot  was  Junius ;  or  that  a  man  of  Mr. 
Beckford's  sagacity  and  intelligence  gave  credence 
to  such  an  absurdity?  This  statement  alone  is 
sufficient  to  show  that  the  Conversations,  however 
faithfully  they  may  have  been  reported,  are  of  no 
value  as  historical  evidence. 

The  allusion  to  the  certificate  proves  clearly 
that  Mrs.  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres  was  the  authority 
which  suggested  to  Beckford  this  Jigment :  though 
in  which  of  her  many  pamphlets  she  first  intro- 
duced Dr.  Wilmot  as  the  party  who  performed 
the  marriage  ceremony  between  the  Prince  and 
Hannah  Lightfoot  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to 
ascertain. 

Dr.  Wilmot's  name  was,  as  far  as  I  have  traced, 
first  introduced  into  connection  with  the  subject 
before  us  into  the  Authentic  Itecord  and  Secret 
History ;  and  this  will  probably  suggest  to  my 
readers,  as  it  has  done  to  myself,  the  probability 
that  Mrs.  Serres  was  mixed  up  with  these  disrepu- 
table books.  True,  that  Dr.  Wilmot  is  in  these 
books  merely  stated  to  have  remarried  the  royal 
pair,  and  is  not  represented  as  having  anything  to 
do  with  the  marriage  of  the  fair  Quaker.  The 
latter  was  more  likely  an  after-thought  suggested, 
as  the  lady  would  probably  have  said,  by  the  dis- 
covm-y  of  the  certificates  !  ! 

I  do  not  know  when  these  documents  were  first 
given  to  the  world  ;  but  in  1858  they  were  printed 
in  The  Appeal  for  Hoyalty,  and  reprinted  last 
year,  and  as  literary  curiosities,  and  giving  com- 
ipleteness  to  the  materials  for  a  full  history  of 
this  scandal,  are  here  reprinted  :  — 

«  April  17th,  1759. 
"The  marriage  of  these  parties  was  this   day  duly 
solemnized  at  Kew  Chapel,  according  to  the  rites  and 
ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  England  by  myself, 

"  J.  Wilmot, 
George  P. 
'•'  Vritness  to  this  marriage,  Hannah. 

W.  Pitt, 
Anne  Tavlor." 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI,  Feb.  16,  '67. 


"  May  27th,  1759. 
"  This  is  to  certify  that  the  marriage  of  these  parties, 
George  Prince  of  Wales  to  Hannah  Lightfoot,  was  duh' 
solemnized  this  day  according  to  the  rites  and  ceremonies 
of  the  Church  of  England,  at  their  residence  at  Peckham; 
by  myself, 

"  J.  WiLMOT, 

George  Gdelph, 
Haxxaii  Lightfoot. 
"  Witness  to  the  marriage 
of  these  parties, 

William  Pitt, 
Anne  Taylor." 


"  George  R .  Whereas  it  is   our   Royal  command 

that  the  birth  of  Olive,  the  Duke  of  Cumberland's  daugh- 
ter, is  never  made  known  to  the  nation  dui-ing  our  reign ; 
but  from  a  sense  of  religious  duty,  we  will  that  she  be  ac- 
knowledged by  the  Royal  FamUj'  after  our  death,  should 
she  survive  ourselves,  in  return  for  confidential  serWce 
rendered  ourselves  by  Doctor  Wilmot  in  the  year  1759. 
"  Kew  Palace, 

May  2d,  1773. 
•■'  (Signed)        Chatham, 
Warwick. 
"  Indorsed,  London, 

June,  1815, 
delivered  to  3Irs.  Olive  Serres 
by  Warwick. 
Witness,  Edward."  * 


"  Hampstead,  July  7th,  1768. 
"Provided  I  depart  this  life,  I  recommend  my  two  Sons 
and  my  daughter  to  the  kind  protection  of  their  Royal 
Father,  my  husband,  his  Majesty  George  111.,  bequesting 
whatever  property  I  maj'  die  possessed  of  to  such  dear 
offspring  of  my  ill-fated  marriage.  In  case  of  the  death 
of  each  of  mj-  children  I  give  and  bequeath  to  Olive 
Wilmot,  the  daughter  of  nw  best  friend,  Dr.  Wilmot, 
whatever  property- 1  am  entitled  to  or  possessed  of  at  the 
time  of  my  death. — Amen. 

"  (Signed)        '  Hannah  '  Regixa. 


J.  Dunning, 
WUUam  Pitt." 

I  will  not  occupy  space  and  weary  the  reader 
by  here  recapitulating  what  various  correspon- 
dents in  "N.  &  Q."  have  related  about  Hannah 
Lightfoot,!  hut  will  endeavour  to  tell  the  story 
according  to  the  evidence  which  has  been  pro- 
duced by  the  various  authorities  for  it. 

Once  upon  a  time  there  was  a  fair  Quaker, 
whose  name  was  Hannah  Lightfoot.  No,  Anna 
Eleanor  Lightfoot.   Xo,  Whitefoot.    No,^Tieeler. 

Well,  never  mind  what  her  name  was;  her 
father  was  a  shoemaker,  who  lived  near  Execu- 
tion Dock,  Wapping.  Xo,  he  was  a  linendraper, 
and  lived  at  St.  James'  Market.  Xo,  that  was  her 
uncle. 

But  these  are  mere  trifles.  She  no  doubt  had 
a  name  and  lived  somewhere. 

Well,  the  Prince  saw  her  as  he  went  from  Lei- 
cester House  to  St.  James's.     Xo,  that's  wrong ; 


*  This  is  the  signature  of  the  late  Duke  of  Kent. 

t  Thev  will  be  found  in  l'«  S.  viii.  87,  281 :  ix.  233  ; 
X.  228,328,  430,  532 ;  xi.  454  :  2''d  S!  i.  121,  322  :  x.  89  ■ 
xi.  117,  156  ;  3'd  S.  iii.  88,  &c. 


it  was  as  he  went  to  the  Opera.  Xo,  you  are 
both  wrong ;  it  was  as  he  went  to  tlie  Parliament 
House ! 

Xever  mind  where  he  saw  her :  he  did,  and  fell 
in  love  with  her ;  and,  as  neither  his  mother  the 
Princess  Dowager  nor  Lord  Bute  looked  after 
him,  and  he  was  then  nearly  sixteen  years  old, 
he  married  her  in  1754 !  Xo,  that's  not  right ;  it 
was  in  1759. 

But  it  does  not  matter  when  he  married ;  he 
did  marry  her  at  Keith's  Chapel  in  May  JFair. 
Xo,  it  was  at  Peckham.     Xo,  it  was  at  Kew. 

Xo,  that  is  all  a  mistake.  Her  royal  lover  never 
married  her.  Isaac  Axford  married  her  and  left 
her  at  the  chapel  door,  and  never  saw  her  after- 
wards. Yes,  he  did ;  they  lived  together  for 
three  or  four  weeks,  and  then  she  was  carried  away 
secretly  "m  a  carriage  and  four,"  and  he  never 
saw  her  afterwards. 

Wrong  again.  It  was  the  King  from  whom 
she  was  so  strangely  spirited  away,  and  he  was 
distracted  ;  and  serd  Lord  Chatham  in  disguise  to 
hunt  for  her,  yet  he  could  never  find  her. 

Xo,  that's  all  wrong.  It  was  Axford  who  could 
not  find  her,  who  petitioned  the  King  to  give  him 
back  his  wife  at  St.  James'.  Xo,  that  was  at 
Weymouth.  Xo,  it  was  on  his  knees  in  St.  Jutnes' 
Park,  as  directed. 

But  would  it  not  be  a  sheer  waste  of  time  to 
continue  this  list  of  contradictions.  Xo  two 
blacks  will  ever  make  a  white.  However  large  a 
mass  of  contradictions  may  be,  the  formula  which 
shall  convert  it  into  one  small  historical  truth  has 
yet  to  be  discovered.  Until  that  time  arrives,  I 
shall  rest  convinced,  and  trust  the  readers  of  these 
hasty  notes  will  share  my  conviction,  that  the 
story  of  Hannah  Lightfoot  is  a  fiction,  and  nothing 
but  a  fiction,  from  beginning  to  end. 

William  J.  Thoiis. 

P.S.  Having  been  most  positively  assured  that 
Mr.  Bttrn  had,  in  the  course  of  those  researches 
to  which  we  are  indebted  for  his  valuable  pub- 
lications on  the  subject  of  Parish Segisters,  actually 
foimd  a  certificate  of  the  marriage  of  the  Prince 
and  Hannah  Lightfoot,  I  ventured  to  write  to 
Mk.  Btjex  on  the  subject.  He  informs  me  that 
he  never  saw  any  such  certificate ;  that  he  does 
not  believe  that  any  such  marriage  took  place; 
that  if  it  was  at  Keith's  Chapel,  it  must  have  been 
before  March  25,  1754,  when  man-iages  ceased 
there ;  and  reminds  me  that  after  that  date  any 
such  marriage  would  be  void. 


DAXCIXG  BEFORE  THE  HIGH-ALTAR,  IN  THE 
CATHEDRAL  OF  SEVILLE. 
I  once  heard  the  late  Cardinal  Wiseman  speak- 
ing of  this  ancient  and  curious  custom  as  peculiar 
to  the  Cathedral  of  Seville.     His  Eminence  spoke 


3^1  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


133 


of  it  withoiit  auy  disapprobation.  It  takes  place 
during  the  Octaves  of  the  Festivals  of  Corpus  Christi, 
the  Immaculate  Conception  of  the  B.  Virgin,  and 
during  the  three  last  days  of  the  Carnival.  Lady 
Herbert,  though  she  did  not  witness  the  dance, 
of  it  as   ''so  solemn,  so  suggestive,  and 

peculiar,  that  no  one  who  has  witnessed  it  can 
speak  of  it  without  emotion."  (Impressions  of 
Spain  in  18G6,p.  129,  London,  1867.) 

As,  however,  another  lady- authoress  —  Lady 
Louisa  Tenison — did  witness  this  curious  dance, 
I  think  a  description  of  it  will  be  interesting  to 
your  readers.     These  are  her  ladyship's  words :  — 

"  The  principal  actors  in  this  extraordinary  scene  are 
the  Seises* — boys  belonging  to  the  Cathedral,  -whose 
number  was  originallj'  six,  as  their  name  indicates  ;  but 
they  consist  in  reality  of  ten.  They  are  placed  in  the 
open  space,  in  front  of  the  altar,  within  the  iron-screens. 
Five  stand  on  either  side— opposite  to  each  other;  they 
begin  a  slow  and  measured  movement,  singing  hj'mns  to 
the  Patroness  of  Spain,  and  keep  time  with  their  ivory 
castanets,  which  form  a  strange  accompaniment  to  the 
orchestra,  and  strike  one  as  very  discordant  with  the 
holiness  of  the  building.  They  dance  for  about  half-an- 
liour,  and  then  the  magnificent  organs  pour  forth  their 
swelling  notes  through  the  vaulted  aisles;  the  curtain 
veils  the  Host,  and  the  bells  of  Giralda  ring,  while  the 
throng  who  had  assembled  to  witness  the  dancing  then 
leave  the  Cathedral.  These  boj's  are  dressed  in  the  cos- 
tume of  the  seventeenth  century;  they  wear  tunics  of 
■white  and  blue  silk ;  their  hats  are  looped  up  with  a 
plume  of  feathers ;  a  scarf  is  fastened  across  their  shoul- 
ders, and  a  silk  mantle  hangs  behind."  {Castile  and 
Andalucia,  p.  157,  London,  1853.) 

No  authentic  account  appears  to  exist  relative  to 
tbe  origin  of  this  curious  custom.  Dancing,  no 
doubt,  prevailed  in  many  religious  processions  of 
the  middle  ages  ;  and  as  David  danced  before  the 
ark,  so  these  solemn  dances — peculiar  to  the 
Cathedral  of  Seville  —  appear  to  be  intended 
(being  permitted  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter), 
simply  as  tokens  of  a  religious  and  holy  joy,  in 
honour  of  the  festival  which  is  celebrated. 

J.  Dalton. 

Norwich. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL. 

1.  "Tullj''s  Three  Books  of  Offices,  in  English,  with 
Xotes  Explaining  the  Method  and  Meaning  of  the  Author. 
London :  Printed  for  Sam.  Buckley,  at  the  Dolphin,  in 
St.  Paul's  Church-j-ard.    m.dc.xc.ix." 

The  Epistle  Dedicatory  "  to  Mr.  Will.  Beding- 
field  and  Mr.  John  Wallis  "  is  signed  T.  C.  From 
it  I  learn  that  these  two  gentlemen  were  students 
in  a  university,  and  that  T.  C.  was  the  director 
of  their  studies.  This  translation  is  too  early  to 
be  that  by  Thomas  Cockman,  mentioned  in 
Lowndes.  Do  I  properly  attribute  it  to  Thomas 
Creecli  ?     Though  T.  C,  in  his  preface,   accuses 


Literally, "  The  Sixes." 


L'Estrange's  edition  of  being  very  faulty,  yet  he 
acknowledges  he  has  made  use  of  it. 

My  copy  is  inscribed  "  E  Libris  Jo.  Brooke," 
and  "  Ex  Libris  Thoma3  Ogle."  It  was  "  printed 
by  W.  Onley,  in  Bond's  Stables  (!),  adjoining  to 
Symond's  Inn,  in  Chaucery  Lane."  Is  any  com- 
plete list  of  Creech's  translations  to  be  had  ? 

[The  translation  of  Tully's  T/iree  Books  of  Offices,  1619,.    ibp^  . 
is  by  Thomas  Cockman.     In  1792  it  had  passed  through 
ten  editions.    A  new  edition  was  published  at  Oxford  in 
1819.J 

2.  Summum  Bonum  ;  or,  an  Explication  of  the  Divine  ^ 
Goodness,  in  the  Words  of  the  Most  Renowned  Boetivs.  ^ 
Translated  by  a  Lover  of  Truth  and  Virtue.     Oxford  : 
Printed  by  H.  HaU  for  Ric.  Davis,  1674." 

Imprimatur :  Rad.  Bathurst,  Acad.  Oxon.  Vice- 
Can,     March  6,  167f .     It  is  a  translation  of  four  • 
books  of  Boetius  De  Consolatione.     The  Epistle^ 
to  the  Eeader  contains  a  letter  from  Henry  Hally-  ^ 
well,  dated  from  Ifeild  in  Sussex,  June  3,  1672. 
The  author  calls  bim  his  "  ever  Honour'd  Dear 
Friend."      Can  any  one  from  this  give  me  the 
author's  name  ?     My  copy  is  inscribed  "  Nathaniel 
Boothe,   His  book,  pret   Is.  M.,  Oxon,  E   Coll. 
^n.  Nasi."     Also,  "  Given  by  my  Grandm"",  W'^ 
Tracy,  1746  J "   and  on  another  page,  "Francis 
Travell." 

3.  "  M.  Fab.  Qvintiliani  Declamationes,  qute  ex 
cccLXXxviii.  supersunt,  cxlv.  Ex  vetere  exemplari 
restitute.  Calpvrnii  Flacci  excerptas  x.  Rhetorvm  mino- 
rum  LI.  Nunc  primum  editse.  Dialogvs  de  oratoribvs,. 
siue  de  caussis  corruptag  Eloquentiaa.  Ex  bibliotheca  P, 
Pithoei  I.  C.  Lvtetise,  apud  Mamertum  Patissonium 
Tj'pographum  Regium,  in  officina  Robert!  Stephani.- 
M.D.Lxxx.     Cvm  privilegio." 

I  am  aware  that  tbese  declamations  are  not  now 
believed  to  belong  to  Quintilian,  but  I  wish  to 
know  more  of  them  and  of  this  book.  The  fol- 
lowing note  from  p.  80  may  be  of  some  interest 
to  general  readers  :  "  Ego  publicam  appello  fidem, 
qu(e  inter  piratas  sacra  est."  Here  we  have  our 
"  honour  among  thieves." 

My  copy  has  been  very  carefully  perused  by  (I 
suppose)  its  first  possessor,  apparent  from  many 
passages  underscored  in  ink,  and  an  occasional 
margtual  note,  in  a  small  hand  and  in  Latin. 
These  last,  however,  have  been  ruthlessly  de- 
sti-oyed  by  a  rebinding  after  the  style  prevalent 
about  eighty  or  a  hundred  years  ago. 

Has  any  method  been  devised  of  rendering 
legible  wi-iting  purposely  obliterated  by  (what 
may  be  called)  "inkj^  smoke  "  ? 

4.  "Lvd.  Carrionis  Emendationvm  et  observationvm 
Liber  Primvs.  Ad  V.  CI.  Clavdivm  Pvteanvm  Consilia- 
rium  Regium  in  suprema  curia  Parisiensi.  Lvtetise, 
apud  .iEgidivm  Beysivm,  sub  insigni  albi  Lilij,  via  la- 
cobaja.     m.d.lxxxiii.    Cvm  privilegio  Regis." 

Liber  secundus  of  same  date,  &c.  "  ad  V.  CI. 
Nicolavm  Fabrvm  Eegis  Consiliarium." 

Is  anything  known  of  it  ?  W.  B.  C. 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XL  Feb.  16,  '67 


HENEY  PATEXSOX. 

Henry  Patenson,  said  to  have  been  the  domestic 
fool  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  is  immortalised  in  that 
most  interesting-  picture  of  Sir  Thomas  More's 
family  of  which  there  are  several  versions,  ori- 
oinally  derived  from  the  portraitures  taken  from 
the  life  hy  Holbein,  That  great  artist  drew  those 
portraits  in  the  year  1629,  at  the  manor-house  of 
Chelsea.  There  is  a  brief  notice  of  Henry  Paten- 
son in  Graxigev' 3  Ilio(/}'a2)hical  History  of  Em/land; 
but  the  only  fact  regarding  him  there  mentioned, 
beyond  that  of  his  having  been  servant  to  Sir 
Thomas  More,  is  that  the  chancellor,  on  his  resig- 
nation of  the  great  seal,  is  said  to  have  given  the 
fool  to  '[  my  lord  mayor  and  his  successors."  I 
would  a-sk,  What  is  the  authority  for  that  anec- 
dote ?  and,  Have  any  other  particulars  of  Henry 
Patenson  hitherto  been  noticed  ? 

There  is  in  Faulkner's  History  of  Chelsea  a  do- 
cument in  which  one  John  Patenson  is  repeatedly 
mentioned.  Its  date  is  1544,  about  fifteen  years 
after  Holbein's  picture ;  and  it  shows  that  John 
Patenson  was  then  one  of  the  principal  tenants  of 
the  manor  of  Chelsea,  holding  two  tenements  to 
which  were  attached  forty  acres  of  arable  land 
and  certain  portions  of  meadow,  besides  a  house 
called  the  Long  House  and  other  parcels,  of  which 
I  add  the  particulars — first  premising  that  the  do- 
cument is  printed  by  Faulkner  in  its  contracted 
form,  and  with  such  profound  ignorance  of  its  lan- 
guage, that  I  am  not  entirely  successful  in  un- 
ravelling the  terms  of  the  following  extracts  :  — 

"  A  particular  booke  of  Chelsey  manor,  parcel  of  the 
lands  of  the  late  Queen  Katharine  (1544). 

"  Firma  Terrarum  dominicalium  in  Chelsey. 

"  De  Johanne  Paterson  {sic)  pro  redditu  unius  Domus 
ibidem  vocatte  Long  house  per  annum  soluto  ad  festa 
predicta  [i.  e.  Annunciacionis  et  Michaelis],  xiij»  iiij<i. 

"  De  supradicto  Johanne  Patenson  pro  redditu  unius 
parvi  pyghtolli  ibidem  per  annum  soluto,  xij'*. 

"  De  eodem  Johanne  Patenson  pro  redditu  unius  garner' 
ibidem  per  ann.  sol.,  vj'. 

"  Firma  tenementorum. 

"  De  Johanne  Patynson  pro  fii-ma  duo  tenementorum 
ac  pertinentium  jacentium  et  existentium  in  Chelsej'  ac 
xl*»  acrarum  terrre  ad  dicta  tenementa  pertinentium  ac 
vij  lotte  (?)  prati  jac'  in  Occiden'  Campo  de  Chelsey  in 
tenura  Johannis  Patj-nson  per  indenturam  Roberti  Whyte 
armigeri  primo  die  Marcii  anno  xxxiij''"  Eegis  nostri 
Henrici  viiif"'  Habendum  et|  tenendum  dicta  duo  tene- 
menta et  cetera  pra>missa  adpertinentia  prssefato  Johanni 
Patynson  .  exer  Exers  (?)  a  festo  Annunciationis  etc.  post 
datum  ejusdera  Indenture  pro  termino  xxj'>  annorum  ex- 
tunc  proxime  sequentium,  etc.  per  annum,  iiij"  vj«  viij"*." 

Is  the  tradition  of  Henry  Patenson  having  been 
Thomm  Mori  morio  to  be  depended  upon  as  well 
founded  ?  One  might  otherwise  imagine  that  he 
was  rather  the  chancellor's  bailift'  or  steward,  and 
that  John  was  his  son  and  successor.  There  can 
be  little   doubt  that  they   were   relatives;    and 


either  Henry  was  found  at  Chelsea  by  Sir  Thomas 
More,  one  of  an  old  family  bred  upon  that  manor, 
or  else  his  family  was  established  in  competency 
there  by  the  generosity  of  his  patron. 

John  Gotjgh  Xichols. 


Death  by  the  GtrixLOTrisrE. — The  subjoined  is 
taken  from  the  London  Medical  Gazette  for  March, 
1836.  It  is  extracted  from  a  notice  of  a  work  by 
M.  Julia  de  Fontanelle,  entitled  Sur  V Incertitude 
des  signes  de  la  Mort.  If  there  be  any  truth,  which 
I  cannot  conceive  there  is,  in  the  assertion  that  a 
head  retains  sensation  after  its  disseverment  from 
the  body  by  decollation,  it  would  give  some 
colour  to,  an  occurrence  which  was  said  to  have 
happened  at  the  execution  of  Charlotte  Corday, 
the  slayer  of  the  infamous  Marat.  It  was  averred 
that  immediately  after  the  knife  of  the  guillotine 
had  fallen,  the  executioner  took  up  Charlotte's 
head  and  struck  it  on  the  cheek  with  his  hand, 
at  which  indignity  the  eyes  turned  on  him  with 
an  expression  of  vivid  indignation  :  — 

"  Decapitation  is  a  most  cruel  mode  of  death,  inasmuch 
as  both  head  and  body«uffer  incomprehensible  pain  for 
some  time  after  the  blow ;  the  head  more  particularly,  as 
it  is  more  pre-eminently  the  seat  of  pain,  paying  dearlj' 
in  this  respect,  as  Petit  says,  for  its  prerogative  in  lodging 
the  gi-eat  organ  of  feeling.  If  ever}'  violent  change  of 
the  organic  functions  is  painful,  a  fortiori  the  separation 
of  the  head  from  the  trunk  must  be  so.  It  is  a  dreadful 
punishment,  the  circumstances  are  terrible.  In  short, 
death  b}-  the  guillotine  is  one  of  the  most  appalling,  cruel, 
and  torturing  methods  of  taking  away  life :  the  feeling  of 
pain,  I  am  persuaded,  continues  for  a  considerable  time, 
nor  is  sensation  completely  extinct  as  long  as  the  vital 
heat  remains.  In  conclusion,  it  is  generally  admitted 
that  life  is  the  result  of  organization,  that  the  brain  is 
the  centre  of  sensation,  that  the  head  of  a  guillotined 
person  maintains  for  some  minutes  its  proper  condition 
and  structure— that  is  to  say,  all  the  elements  and  condi- 
tions that  belong  to  it  while  alive ;  why  then  should  we 
denj'  it,  during  this  short  space  of  its  organic  integrity,  the 
sensitive  faculty  which  is  the  attribute  of  that  state  ?  " 

H.  A.  Kennedy. 

"  Lancs," — Will  you  let  a  correspondent  from 
the  County  Palatine  (the  only  one  left)  protest 
against  the  abomination  of  being  directed  to  in 
"  Lancs "  ?  Berks  and  Beds  and  Bucks  and 
Notts  are  all  very  well  because  we  are  used  to 
them,  but  Lancs  is  quite  a  new  affair,  and  I  call 
on  all  friends  of  the  Red  Rose  to  put  a  stop  to  it. 
It  was  a  begging  letter,  and  I  resolved  at  once  not 
to  give  a  halfpenu}^,  and  I  advise  all  Lancastrians 
and  Lancashire  Witches  to  pay  no  bills  and  give 
to  no  charities  if  they  are  directed  to  in  Lancs. 

P.P. 

Folk  Loee  :  the  Hare.  —  The  following  is 
from  the  Cambridge  Chronicle  of  Nov.  10, 1866  :  — 

"  A  Game  Visitor.  —  On  Saturday  last,  a  foolish  hare 
ventured  from  broad  fields  and  open  pastures,  to  visit 

the  city  of  Ely Xo  sooner,  however,  had 

poor  puss  cast  "aside  her  proverbial  timidity,  and  daringly 


3'd  S.  XL  Feb.  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


IZl 


entered  the  citv,  than  she  was  hotlv  pursued  by  dogs, 
cats,  boys,  and  men ;  and  when  near  the  Bell  Inn,  she  feL 
a  victim  to  her  follv  and  impnidence,  being  laid  by  the 
heels  bv  a  stout  -walking-stick.  The  fact  being  generally 
known^!  great  consternation  prevailed  ;  many  persons  being 
certain  that  Ely  ivas  to  be  visited  by  a  fire." 
What  is  known  of  this  curious  superstition  ? 

E.  S.  D. 

Weddings:  Chai^ Gr^TG  the  Xahe.— The  fol- 
lowing lines,  somewhat  current  in  this  country, 
are  intended  to  convey  the  idea  that  it  is  un- 
lucky for  a  female  to  marry  a  person  whose  last 
name  begins  with  the  same  letter  as  her  own :  — 
"  Change  the  name  and  not  the  letter. 
Change  for  the  -worse  and  not  the  better," 

Bak-Poii;t. 

Philadelphia. 

PoxxEFRACT.  —  Mr.  Taylor,  in  his  Words  and 
Places,  adopts  the  popular  etymology  for  this 
name  for  he  says,  pp.  266-7  :  — 

"  At  the  spot  -where  the  Eoman  road  crosses  the  Aire, 
the  name  of  Pontefract  (Ad  Pontem  fractuni)  reminds  us 
that  the  broken  Roman  bridge  must  have  remained  un- 
repaired during  a  period  long  enough  for  the  naturalisa- 
tion of  the  new  name." 

This  has  always  appeared  to  me  an  improbable 
etymolog}' :  for  the  river  is  at  all  points  distant 
more  than  two  miles  from  the  town,  and  the  name 
of  the  place  where  the  Roman  road  strikes  the 
river,  "■  Castleford,"  implies  that  there  was  no 
bridge  there.  In  Saxon  times  it  was  called 
Kirkby;  and  therefore  the  story  which  assigns 
the  origin  of  the  name  to  Ilbert  de  Laci,  the  first 
Norman  possessor,  is  much  more  probable.  He 
is  said  to  have  given  the  name  to  it  from  the  re- 
semblance it  bore  to  Pontfrete,  his  birth-place. 

Leeds.  CH. 

Worcestershire  Sauce  :  Trouble  saved.  — 
From  the  Weekly  Scotsman  of  Jan.  26  last,  I  have 
cut  this :  — 

"Worcestershire  Sauce. — There  died  lately  in 
"Worcester  a  foithful  citizen  of  that '  faithful  citj' '  which 
had  been  so  greatly  benefited  by  his  extensive,  yet  un- 
ostentatious, charities.  We  refer  to  Mr.  William  Perrins. 
whose  name,  in  conjunction  with  that  of  his  partner  in 
business,  Mr.  Lea,  is  known  throughout  the  world  as  the 
introducers  and  makers  of  the  Worcestershire  Sauce. 
The  names  of  public  benefactors  ought  to  be  recorded  ; 
and,  as  it  is  not  generally  known  who  may  be  that  incog- 
nito '  nobleman  '  to  whom  the  votaries  of  the  gastronomic 
art  are  indebted  for  the  receipt  of  this  excellent  sauce, 
we  may  here  take  the  opportunity  of  divulging  it,  lest  it 
should  be  relegated  to  some  Notes  and  Queries  of  the 
future  among  the  inquiries  as  to  the  authorship  of  "  Ju- 
nius's  Letters,"  and  the  age  of  Adam  at  his  birth.  Messrs. 
Lea  &  Perrin.-,  then,  were  indebted  for  the  recipe  of  their 
world-famed  sauce  to  the  late  Lord  Sandys,  of  Omberslj- 
Court,  Worcestershire,  a  gallant  Peninsular  and  Waterloo 
hero,  whose  handsome  English  face  is  seen  to  advantage, 
just  behind  the  figure  of  his  great  Captain,  in  the  well- 
known  engraving  of  '  The  Meeting  of  Wellington  and 
Blucher  at  La  Belle  Alliance.'  — London  Review." 


The  same  paper  also  informs  us  that  "  Yesterday 
was  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  the 
Scotsman."  'm£^  W,  C.  B.__; 


iELxttxiti. 


DRYDEN  QUERIES. 

1.  Was  the  "  Satire  on  the  Dutch,"  inserted 
in  all  editions  of  Dryden's  Poems  as  written  in 
1662,  really  written  at  that  early  date  ?  Is  it 
not  much  more  probably  a  publication  of  1673, 
being,  as  it  is,  the  Prologue  and  the  Epilogue 
to  his  play  of  Amboyna,  produced  in  1673,  tacked 
together,  omitting  only  a  few  lines  inappro- 
priate off  the  stage  ?  Was  this  Satire  printed 
anywhere  as  a  poem  before  its  appearance  in  the 
third  volume  of  State  Poems,  piiblished  in  1704  ? 
Is  there  any  half-sheet  of  1673  or  earlier  kno-wn  ? 

2.  It  is  stated  in  Tonson's  edition  of  Dryden's 
Poems  of  1743,  where  only  the  lines  known  to  be 
Dryden's  in  the  Second  Part  of  "Absalom  and 
Achitophel "  are  given,  that  "  the  rest  of  this 
poem,  written  by  Mr.  Tate,  is  extant  in  the  second 
part  of  Miscellaneous  Poems,  published  by  Mr. 
Dryden."  I  cannot  find  it  in  the  "  Sylvire  "  or 
the  second  part  of  Poetical  Miscellanies  puh- 
lished  by  Dryden  in  1685.  What  publication  can 
Tonson  refer  to  ? 

3.  The  Epilogue  intended  to  have  been  spoken 
by  Lady  Henrietta  Wentworth  when  '^  CaUsto  " 
was  acted  at  Court  in  1675,  given  by  Scott,  after 
Malone,  as  Dryden's,  with  a  story  of  Rochester's 
interference  to  prevent  its  being  used  on  the  occa- 
sion for  which  it  was  intended,  is  not  stated  to  be 
Dryden's  in  the  Miscellany  Poems  (vol.  i.)  pub- 
lished by  Diyden  himself,  where  he  is  named  as 
the  author  of  a  number  of  other  Prologues  and 
Epilogues.  What  is  the  authority  for  assigning 
this  epilogue  to  Dryden,  and  for  the  story  of 
Rochester's  interference  to  thwart  him  r 

4.  In  Calamy's  Life  (vol.  i.  p.  221)  are  given 
four  lines,  as  addressed  by  Dryden  to  Waller  on 
the  conclusion  of  his  Divine  Poesy,  written  in 
Waller's  eighteenth  year :  — 

"  Still  here  remain,  stiU  on  the  threshold  stand. 
Still  at  this  distance  view  the  promised  land  ; 
That  thou  may'st  seem,  so  heavenh'  is  thy  sense, 
Xot  going  thither,  but  new  come  from  thence." 

Is  anything  more  known  about  these  lines, 
which  are  not,  I  believe,  in  any  collection  of 
Dryden's  Poems  ?  There  was  no  poem  of  Dryden's, 
I  believe,  among  those  published  on  the  occasion 
of  Waller's  death.  CH. 


ROYAL  GOVERXORS  OF  XEW  YORK. 

Of  the  twenty-six  Royal  Governors  of  New  York 
only  three,  I  believe,  have  been  engraved — viz.  Bur- 
net, Colden,  and  Monkton  ;  and  no  portraits  of  the 
remaining  twenty-three  exist  in  America.  Several 


136 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67. 


of  them  were  of  noWe  descent,  others  con- 
nected with  the  nobility  by  marriage  ;  and  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that  portraits  of  some,  if  not 
all,  of  them  are  at  this  day  in  the  possession  of 
their  descendants  in  England.  If  any  of  your 
readers  know  of  the  existence  and  whereabouts  of 
such  portraits,  they  would  confer  the  greatest 
favour  upon  the  students  of  American  history  by 
communicating  the  fact  to  the  editor  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
who  will,  I  am  sure,  publish  the  information  for 
the  benefit  of  his  numerous  American  readers. 
The  attention  recently  directed  in  England  to  the 
preservation  of  historical  portraits  leads  me  to 
hope  that  this  will  meet  the  eye  of  some  one  both 
able  and  willing  to  answer  my  query.  I  subjoin 
a  list  of  the  governors,  with  a  few  brief  remarks 
which  may  serve  to  identify  them  or  to  point  out 
the  probable  custodian  of  the  portraits.  Further 
details  may  be  found  scattered  through  the  ten 
quarto  volumes  of  O'Callaghan's  Colonial  History 
of  New  York,  published  at  the  expense  of  the 
State  of  New  York  between  the  years  1853  and 
1858 :  — 

1664.  Col.  Richard  Nicolls. 

1668.  Col.  Francis  Lovelace,  second  son  of  Sir  Richard 
Lovelace,  afterwards  Baron  Lovelace  of  Hurley. 

1674.  Major  Sir  Edmund  Andros,  Seigneur  of  Saus- 
marez,  afterwards  gentleman  of  the  King's  Privy 
Chamber. 

1683.  CoL  Thomas  Dongam. 

1688.  Sir  Francis  Nicholson. 

1690.  Col.  Henrv  Sloughter. 

1692.  Benjamin"Fletcher. 

1695.  Richard,  first  Eai-I  of  Belmont,  and  second 
Baron  of  Coloony,  in  the  county  of  Sligo. 

1701.  John  Nanfam. 

1702.  Edward  Hyde,  Lord  Cornburj',  eldest  son  of  the 
Earl  of  Clarendon. 

1708.  John,  fourth  Lord  Lovelace,  Baron  of  Hurley. 

1709.  Major  Richard  Ingoldsby. 

1710.  Robert  Hunter.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Orby,  Bart.,  of  Burton-Pedwardine,  Lincolnshire, 
and  relict  of  Lord  John  Hay,  second  son  of  the  Marquis 
of  Tweedale. 

1720.  William  Burnet,  son  of  the  historian. 

1728.  John  Montgomerie.  He  had  been  gi-oom  of  the 
bedchamber  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  afterwards  George  II. 

1731.  Col.  Wm.  Cosby,  formerly  Governor  of  Minorca. 
His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Lord  Halifax. 

1736.  George  Clark.  He  married  Ann  Hyde,  a  relative 
of  Lord  Chancellor  Clarendon.  He  died  on  his  estate  in 
Cheshire  in  1759. 

1743.  Admiral  George  Clinton,  a  younger  son  of  the 
Earl  of  Lincoln. 

1753.  Sir  Danvers  Osborne,  Bart.,  of  Checksands,  Bed- 
fordshire. He  married  Lady  Anne  Montagu,  daughter  of 
the  Earl  of  Halifax. 

1753.  James  De  Lancey. 

1754.  Sir  Charles  Hardv. 

1760.  Cadwallader  Colden. 

1761.  Gen.  Robert  Monkton. 

1765.  Sir  Henry  Moore,  formerly  Governor  of  Jamaica. 

1770.  John  Murray,  fourth  Earl  of  Dunmore.  He 
married  Charlotte  Stewart,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Gal- 
loway. His  daughter  Augusta  married  the  Duke  of  Sus- 
sex, sixth  son  of  George  III. 


1771.  WiUiam  Tryon.  His  wife,  Mrs.  Wake,  was  a 
relative  of  the  Earl  of  Hillsborough,  Secretary  for  the 
Colonies. 

New  York.  S.  W.  P. 


Anoitymoxjs. — Who  is  the  author  of  ''  The  Sea 
Piece,  a  poetical  Narrative  of  a  Voyage  from 
Europe  to  America.  Canto  II.  London,  printed 
for  M.  Cooper  in  Paternoster  Row,  and  E,.  Dods- 
ley  in  Pall  Mall,     mdccxlix  "  ?  L.  R.  S. 

Armoriax  Queries.  —  I  shall  feel  greatly 
obliged  if  any  one  can  assist  me  with  answers  to 
the  following  questions  : — (1.)  Do  French  bishops 
impale  the  arms  of  their  sees  in  the  same  manner 
as  English  bishops  ?  (2.)  Do  abbots  impale  the 
arms  of  their  abbeys  ?  (3.)  Who  was  the  wife  of 
Louis  Charles,  second  Prince  of  Courtenay,  and 
what  were  her  arms  ?  (4.)  What  are  the  arms 
of  the  see  of  Rheims  ?  (5.)  of  the  see  of  Orleans  ? 
(6.)  of  the  families  of  Cournoy,  Bourdin,  and 
Marmeaux  ?    (7. )  of  the  abbey  of  Eschalis  ? 

E.  M.  B. 

Christ  Church,  Oxford. 

Armitage. — As  the  name  of  a  place,  what  does 
it  mean  ?  Lord  W.  Lennox,  in  his  last  book,  talks 
of  "  The  Armitage  "  in  Leicestershire  as  a  place 
where  a  steeple-chase  was  held;  and  I  myself 
know  another  Armitage  in  Staffordshire.  Is  it 
for  Hermitage  ?  A.  B.  C. 

Church  ix  Portugal. — In  the  Christian  Re- 
me7nbrancer,  No.  51,  Jan.  1846,  is  a  most  valuable 
article  on  "The  Church  in  Portugal,''  which_  ap- 
pears far  beyond  the  general  run  of  the  articles 
in  that  periodical.  Can  any  one  tell  me  by  whom 
it  was  written  ?  and  if  so,  whether  the  author 
ever  wrote  a  history  of  the  Portuguese  church  ? 
George  Tragett. 

Awbridge  Danes. 

Dante  Queries.  —  I  should  be  glad  of  some 
information  about  the  circumstances  of  Dante's 
banishment  from  Florence.  Cary,  in  the  life  of 
Dante,  prefixed  to  his  translation  of  the  Divina 
Cownedla,  says  that  a  sentence  of  exile  was  pro- 
noimced  against  Dante  while  he  was  at  Rome, 
whither  he  had  gone  to  tender  to  Boniface  ^  III. 
the  submission  of  the  Biauca  or  Ghibelline  party. 
Boccaccio,  in  his  Life  of  Dante,  gives  quite  a  dif- 
ferent story.  He  says,  alluding  to  a  report  that 
the  party  of  Dante  was  to  be  surprised  and  mas- 
sacred :  — 

"  La  qual  cosa  creduta  spaventb  si  i  coUegati  di  Dante, 
che,  ogni  altro  consiglio  abbandonato  che  di  fuggire,  non 
cacciati  dalla  citta  s'  uscirono,  e  con  loro  insieme  Dante. 
Lasciati  adunque  la  moglie  e  i  piccioli  figliuoli  nelle 
niani  della  fortuna,  e  uscito  di  quella  citta,"  &c. 

These  two  accounts  are  not  reconcileable,  and 
Cary  has  given  no  authority.  It  would  make  a, 
considerable  diflference  in  our  estimate  of  Dante's 


3»<iS»XI.  Feb.  16, '67.]] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


character,  and  in  our  sympathy  with,  his  subse- 
quent misfortunes,  if  we  knew  whether  his  exile 
was  determined  in  his  absence,  or  whether  he  got 
out  of  Florence  for  fear  of  danger  to  himself,  leav- 
ing his  wife  and  children  "  nelle  mani  della  for- 
tuna."  H.  Haeeis. 

I  perceive  from  your  last  that  you  have  among 
your  contributors  a  considerable  number  of  stu- 
dents of  Dante ;  perhaps  some  one  of  them  would 
be  kind  enough  to  assist  another  inquirer.  At 
the  commencement  of  canto  xxix.  of  Gary's 
Translation  of  Paradise,  lines  24-31,  are  these 
lines :  — 

"  Simple  and  mixed    .... 
To  perfect  being  started,  like  three  darts 
Shot  from  a  bow  three-corded,"  &c.  &c, 

I  presume  that  this  idea  did  not  originate  with 
Dante.   Is  it  known  to  occur  in  any  earlier  writer  ? 

T.  S. 

Gary's  translation  is  surely  a  very  strange  one. 
De  Romanis  (1815 — 17)  has  this  note  on  the  pas- 
sage alluded  to  (x.  473)  : — 

"  Focile,  istrumento  antichissimo  che  si  compone  di  un 
pezzo  di  acciajo  e  di  una  scheggia  di  selce,  ma  piii  pro- 
priamente  di  quella  specie  detta  Focaja." 

There  is  a  reference  to  Virg.  JEn.  i.  174,  &c. 
I  wish  to  know  if  the  three  co-editors  of  Dante, 
with  Lombardi's  commentary  published  at  Padua 
in  1822,  redeemed  the  promise  of  their  preface  in 
editing  Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered,  and  the  Fu- 
rioso  of  Ariosto.  W.  D.  B. 

Keepham. 

Gkammae  Schools.  —  How  are  Grammar 
Schools  founded,  and  what  are  the  steps  which 
must  be  taken  to  obtain  that  end  ?  Can  an  en- 
dowed school  be  raised  to  the  rank  of  a  grammar 
school,  and  if  so,  how  is  it  done  ?  L.  E. 

Ieish  Ceomlech, — In  the  neighbourhood  of 
Tobins  Town,  co.  Carlow,  Ireland,  are  several 
very  peculiarly  constructed  cromlechs.  What 
archaeological  journal  or  book  contains  a  descrip- 
tion and  representation  of  them  ?  W, 

Sheeiffs'  Pillaes. — When  I  was  in  Devon- 
shire some  time  ago  I  was  asked  whether  I  knew 
of  a  custom  for  a  gentleman,  who  had  served  the 
office  of  sherift'  for  a  county,  to  erect  a  stone  pillar 
in  commemoration  of  the  fact ;  and  having  never 
heard  of  such  a  custom,  and  having  in  vain  made 
many  personal  inquiries  of  others,  I  venture  to 
ask  whether  any  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  is 
aware  of  any  such  custom ;  and,  if  so,  what  the 
cutsom  is  ?  G.  S.  G. 

London  Meechants. — What  is  the  latest  date 
at  which  gentry,  not  being  merchants,  have  re- 
sided in  the  city  ?  and  what  the  latest  date  at 
which  the  highest  class  of  merchants  have  lived 
there  ?  QtrEECULus. 


_  Maeeiages  by  Clog  and  Shoe. — lu  the  re- 
gisters of  the  church  at  Haworth,  in  Yorkshire, 
now  famous  as  the  place  where  Miss  Bronte, 
"  Currer  Bell,"  lived  and  died,  and  also  remark- 
able for  the  wonderful  assurance  with  which  its 
inhabitants,  past  and  present,  have  asserted  its 
church  to  have  been  founded  in  the  year  600, 
there  occurs  an  entry  giving  a  list  of  "  Marriages 
at  Bi'adford,  and  by  clog  and  shoe  in  Lancashire, 
but  paid  the  minister  of  Haworth  "  the  fees  men- 
tioned. This  is  in  the  year  1733.  Haworth  is 
not  far  from  the  border  of  Lancashire. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  "  Marriages  by  clog 
and  shoe  in  Lancashire  ?  " 

In  some  parts  of  the  West  Riding  it  is  cus- 
tomary to  throw  old  shoes  and  old  slippers  after 
the  newly  married  pair  when  starting  on  their 
wedding  tour.  A  few  weeks  ago  I  was  present 
at  a  marriage  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Holme,  at 
which  London,  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  Wales  were 
weU  represented,  when  nearly  all  present  took  part 
in  the  practice.  The  moment  the  carriage  which 
contained  the  bride  and  bridegroom,  and  which 
was  drawn  by  four  splendid  grays,  began  to  move 
off,  a  score  or  more  shoes  and  slippers  were  seen 
flying  after  it.  This  custom  is  said  to  be  expres- 
sive of  good  luck  and  prosperity  to  the  newly- 
married  couple.     What  is  the  origin  of  it  ? 

In  the  forest  of  Skipton,  a  few  miles  north  of 
Haworth,  matrimony  was  subject  to  a  singular  toll 
ia  the  reign  of  Edward  II.  It  was  ordained 
"  that  every  bride  coming  that  way  should  either 
give  her  left  shoe  or  3s.  Ad.  to  the  forester  of 
Crookryse,  by  way  of  custom  or  gaytcloys," 
_  Has  this  and  the  preceding  custom  any  connec- 
tion with  that  of  marriage  by  clog  and  shoe  ? 

Llallawg. 

Men's  Heads  coveeed  in  Chttech. — Injunc- 
tions of  Queen  Elizabeth  order  the  heads  of  men- 
kind  to  be  uncovered  in  church  when  the  name  of 
Jesus  is  mentioned.  Does  not  this  show  that  in 
those  days  men  usually  kept  their  hats  on  in 
church. 

In  Holland  at  the  present  time  the  men  put 
their  hats  on  when  the  sermon  begins.  In  all 
foreign  armies  soldiers  when  on  duty  keep  their 
helmets  or  shakoes  on,  but  not  so  in  the  British 
army.  Bishops  wear  their  mitres  in  church.  I 
have  often  seen  priests  and  deacons  of  the  English 
church  come  in  with  their  briettas  or  square  caps 
on.  When  I  was  a  boy  at  Westminster,  I  remem- 
ber the  canons  used  to  wear  zochettoes  at  matins 
and  evensong  in  cold  weather  in  the  abbey  church. 

On  the  continent  the  parish  beadle  wears  his 
hat  of  office  in  church.  At  the  royal  coronations 
in  Westminster  Abbey,  the  peers  and  bishops  at  a 
certain  part  of  the  service  put  on  their  mitres  and 
coronets.  Can  any  one  give  anj-  general  or  vmi- 
versal  rule  for  or  against  this  practice  ?       Safa. 

Ai"my  and  Navy  Club. 


138 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3'<»S.XI.  Feb.16,'67. 


MisopoGOif.  —  Is  thei^e  any  English  edition  of 
tlie  Misopogmi?  or  any  translation  besides  that 
by  Buncombe  (London,  1784,  8vo)  ?  The  writer 
of  the  article  *'  Julianus,"  in  Smith's  Dictionary 
of  Biography,  ii.  649,  states  that  the  English 
literature  is' rich  in  works  on  Julian.  What  are 
the  chief  ?  P.  J.  E.  GANTiLLOif . 

The  New  Jekxtsalem.  —  I  have  a  floating 
idea  of  a  Jewish  tradition  that  the  New  Jerusalem 
will  descend  from  heaven.  I  will  feel  obliged 
if  some  of  your  correspondents  "  up  "  in  rabbinical 
lore  will  inform  me  if  I  have  any  foundation  for  it ; 
and  if  so,  whether  the  tradition  is  of  a  date  an- 
terior to  Eevelation,  chap.  xxi.  ? 

George  Lloyd. 

Darlington. 

OwEiT  AXD  Llotd  Families.  —  1.  What  par- 
ticulars are  known  of  George  Owen  of  Henllys, 
Pembrokeshire,  who  was  high  sheriff  for  that 
county  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  ?  From  whom 
was  he  lineally  descended  ?  2.  Are  there  any 
living  representatives  of  the  family  of  Lloyd  of 
Milfield,  or  Maes  y  Vellin,  in  the  county  of  Car- 
digan? The  last  baronet  of  this  family  died 
issueless  in  1750,  as  appears  in  Burke's  Extinct 
and  Dormant  Baronetcies.  .3.  Can  the  following 
arms  be  identified  ?  —  Azure,  2  batons  in  saltire 
or,  between  2  boars  passant  in  chief  and  in  base 
argent,  and  2  anchors  of  the  first  in  the  other 
quarters.  C.  L. 

4,  Oxford  Parade,  Cheltenham. 

PfvISOjST  Literature. — What  is  the  best  de- 
scription of  prisons  and  prison  life  in  the  last  cen- 
tury, especially  from  1740  to  1770  ? 

QtroTATioiT  WAJfTED.— Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  where  to  find  a  passage  beginning  — 

"  Upon  that  noble  river's  further  shore 
There  stood  a  wondrous  swan  of  heavenly  hue  "  ? 

The  passage  was  set -for  translation  in  an  exa- 
mination for  the  Ireland  Scholarship  at  Oxford  in 
my  day,  and  I  have  a  very  beautiful  translation 
of  it,  which  the  author  wishes  to  insert  among  the 
"  Nugag  Latinre  "  in  the  Gentleman^ s  Magazine ; 
but  I  cannot  find  the  passage  in  Spenser's  Fairy 
Queen,  out  of  which  I  alwavs  imasined  that  it  was 
taken  ?  "  E.  Walford,  3I.A. 

Hampstead,  X.W. 

Sir  S.  Eomilly. — I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  to 
any  one  who  will  inform  me  where  I  can  see  his 
tract,  A  Fragment  on  the  Constitutional  Poicer  and 
Duties  of  Juries,  1785,  called  forth  by  the  Dean  of 
St.  Asaph's  case,  and  sent  anonymously  to  the 
Constitutional  Society,  who  printed  and  published 
it.  •  '  Ralph  Thohas. 

Robert  Scott  of  Bawtrie. — I  should  be  thank- 
ful to  be  supplied  with  any  particulars  of  this 


individual.  He  was  an  ofiicer  in  the  service  of 
Gustavus  Adolphus,  and  according  to  Pennant 
{History  of  London,  i.  25,)  was  the  inventor  of 
leathern  guns.  His  monument  is  in  Lambeth 
church.  He  is  stated  to  have  been  a  member  of 
the  family  of  the  ancient  barons  of  Bawtrie.  Who 
were  they  ?  S.  D.  S. 

St.  Bernard. — In  the  Correspondence  betiveen 
Bishop  Jehh  and  A.  Knox  (vol.  i.  p.  127),  the  fol- 
lowing passage  occurs : — 

"  If  St.  Bernard's  works  be  in  the  Cashel  library,  look 
out  for  and  read  a  short  tract  near  the  middle  of  the  book 
(if  it  be  the  Antwerp  edition,  1G16,  you  will  find  it  at 
p.  1127).  I  never  saw  a  more  complete  piece  of  Me- 
thodism ;  and  though  it  rises  higher  in  that  way  than 
mj'  taste  goes,  or  rather  describes  a  Methodistic  conver- 
sion to  which  nothing  I  have  felt  closely  approaches, 
yet  I  think  it  is  curious  and  interesting  ;  and  I  am  glad 
to  find  such  feelings  so  distinctly  narrated  by  so  eminent 
a  writer  of  the  twelfth  century." 

Wliat  is  the  name  of  the  tract  of  St.  Bernard  to 
which  Knox  alludes  ?  A  Cornish  Vicar. 

St.  Hilary's  Day. — In  the  Calendar  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  the  name  of  Saint  Hilary  ap- 
pears on  the  14th  January,  whilst  in  the  Calendar 
of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  the  same  appears 
on  the  13th  January.  Perhaps  some  of  your  cor- 
respondents may  think  proper  to  state  whether 
any  reason  can  be  assigned  for  this  discrepance  of 
dates.  Sir  Harris  Nicolas,  in  his  Chronology  of 
History,  p.  15-3,  says,  that  latterly  in  France  the 
14th  January  is  the  day  appointed  for  Hilary, 
Bishop  of  Poictiers.  R. 


Childwife  Pew.  —  Amongst  various  items  of 
expenditure  by  the  churchwardens  of  the  parish 
of  Cundal  in  an  old  book,  the  following  appears. 
Can  any  one  explain  it  ?  — 

"  1636.  A  childwife  Pew        .        .        .        2Gs.  8rf." 

Safa. 

Army  and  Navy  Club. 

[A  cltilJwife  is  a  woman  who  has  borne  children  ;  and 
the  childwife  pew  we  take  to  be  the  "  some  convenient 
place  "  of  the  rubric  where  the  woman  was  to  kneel  in 
church  at  the  time  of  her  thanksgi%'ing  after  childbirth. 
"  It  is  fit  that  the  woman  performing  special  service  of 
thanksgiving  should  have  a  special  place,  where  she  may 
be  conspicuous  to  the  whole  congregation,  and  near  t-he 
Holy  Table,  in  regard  of  the  offering  she  is  there  to  make." 
{Answer  of  the  Bishops  at  the  Savoy  Conference,  A.D. 
1661.)  Some  amusing  anecdotes  connected  with  the 
churching-pew  are  related  iu  "  N.  &  Q."  S'-d  S.  viii.  500  ; 
is.  49,  146.  ] 

Oxford  Memorials. — On  a  recent  visit  to  Ox- 
ford I  missed  the  well-known  spire  of  St.  Aldate's, 
so  familiar  to  my  student-life  as  an  imdergraduate 


3'd  S.  XI.  Fee.  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


139 


of  Christ  Churcli.  The  present  appearance  of  the 
tower  leads  me  to  fear  the  parishioners  do  not 
contemplate  its  re-erection.  It  was  one  of  the 
four  ancient  spires  remaining  in  Hearne's  time, 
who,  in  his  very  interesting  Diary,  states  that 
before  the  Reformation  Oxford  boasted  of  seven, 
of  which  Osney  Abbey  was  pre-eminently  the 
first.  Let  me  hope  in  this  day  of  Gothic  revival 
the  parish  will  not  leave  their  church  in  its  pre- 
sent mutilated  condition. 

When  was  the  old  conduit  at  Carfax,  built  by 
one  Nicholson  in  James  I.'s  reign,  and  of  which 
there  is  a  print  in  the  Gentleman^  Magazine, 
about  1770,  removed? 

Thomas  E.  Wini^ingtok. 

[Otho  Nicholson's  conduit  was  taken  down  in  1787, 
and  presented  by  the  university  and  city  to  the  Earl 
of  Harcourt,  who  caused  it  to  be  reconstructed  in  his 
park  at  Nuneham,  where  it  still  remains.  This  singular 
structure  forms  the  plate  of  the  Oxford  Almanack  of 
1833  ;  and  its  original  situation  may  be  seen  by  an  ex- 
cellent engraving  from  the  original  by  Donowell  in  Skel- 
ton's  Oxonia,  fol.  128.  Pointer,  in  his  Oxoniensis  Aca- 
demia,  1749,  p.  177,  has  given  the  following  very  ludicrous 
explanation  of  the  obvious  cipher  O.  N.,  the  initials  of 
Otho  Nicholson  :  "  Under  all,  just  over  the  cistern,  is  the 
brazen  figure  of  Europa,  daughter  of  Agenor,  King  of 
Phoenicia,  with  whom  Jupiter  being  in  love  (as  tradition 
goes)  transformed  himself  into  a  bull,  and  carried  her 
awa}'  into  this  part  of  the  world,  from  her  called  Europa. 
She  is  represented  riding  on  an  Ox,  and  crying  On,  On, 
hence  the  town  was  called  Oxon !  "] 

Pxis'K.  —  Whence  comes  tbe  significance  of  this 
term  when  applied  to  typify  excellence  in  such 
phrases  as  "the  pink  of  courtesy,"  "the  pink  of 
perfection,"  "the  pink  of  politeness,"  &c.  ? 

•     J.  E.  T. 

[Many  explanations. have  been  suggested;  but  we  are 
inclined  to  prefer  that  which  appears  to  have  been  adopted 
by  Shakspeare  {Romeo  and  Juliet,  Act  II.  Sc.  4,)  taking 
"  pink  "  in  its  ordinarj'  sense  of  a  flower  : — 

"Mercutio.  Nay,  I  am  the  very  pink  of  courtesy. 

"  Romeo.  Pink  for  flower. 

"  Mercutio.  Ptight." 

Here  pink  is  evidently  taken  as  the  flower  so  called. 
And  since,  employing  the  more  general  appellation,  wo 
say,  '•'  the  flower  of  the  nobility,"  "  the  fiotoer  of  the 
troops,"  &c.,  so,  taking  the  more  specific  term,  we  may 
say  "  the  pink  of  politeness,"  "  the  pink  of  perfection," 
"  the  pink  of  courtesj'." 

This  mode  of  speaking,  as  employed  b_v  Shakspeare,  is 
aptly  illustrated  by  Steevens,  who  cites  from  an  old 
ballad  — 

"  Heo  is  lilie  of  largesse, 
Heo  is 7Ja/-i<c«Ae  of  prouesse,"  &c. 

Parvenke,  a  provincial  name  for  pink,  being  here  used  in 
company  with  W/c] 


Norwegian  Legend.  —  The  Foreign  Corre- 
spondent of  the  Daily  Telegraph  of  January  16 
commences  his  account  of  the  earthquake  in 
Algeria  by  the  following  passage  :  — 

"  Algiers,  Jan.  9. 

"  There  is  an  old  Norwegian  story  of  a  troll  or  elf  who 
had  wonderful  power  over  the  elements — great  '  water- 
privileges,'  as  the  Americans  say.  among  other  gifts — 
and  owing  a  grudge  against  a  certain  parishioner,  he 
sent  him  a  letter.  The  recipient  broke  the  seal  on  his 
way  to  church— indeed,  in  the  churchyard  itself—  and 
that  saved  him  !  A  little  rivulet  of  water  trickled  through 
the  envelope;  alarmed  at  which  phenomenon,  he  dropped 
the  epistle,  and  had  just  time  to  rescue  himself  and  warn 
the  congregation  before  a  perfect  torrent  issued  from  th& 
letter,  which  filled  the  churchyard,  drowned  the  church 
and  the  church  clock,  and  made  a  large  lake  of  what 
before  was  dry  land." 

pan  any  of  your  readers  supply  particulars  of 
this  story,  or  give  reference  to  the  work  in  which, 
they  will  be  found  ?  T.  B, 

[The  story  is  not  told  quite  correctly  in  the  Daiht 
Telegraph;  but  it  will  be  found  in  Benjamin  Thorpe's 
Northern  Mythology,  edit.  1851,  ii.  213.] 

Dtjces  and  Drakes. — A  writer  {Four  Years 
in  France,  Colburn,  1826),  speaking  of  gathering 
shells  on  the  sea-shore  at  Cannes,  says  :  — 

"  By-the-bj',  Scipio  and  Lreljiis  must  have  had  very 
bad  sport  in  this  way ;  for  the  Mediterranean,  having  no 
tide,  brings  up  very  few  of  these  pretty  baubles  ;  no 
wonder  that  they  took  to  ducks  and  drakes,  as  a  supple- 
mentary recreation." 

I  do  not  recollect  such  a  passage  as  is  apparently 
here  alluded  to,  and  shall  feel  obliged  to  any 
reader  of  "N.  &  Q."  that  will  be  kind  enough  to 
quote  it  for  me.  John  W.  Bone. 

[The  anecdote  will  be  found  inLempriere,  under  Scipio, 
Africanus  the  Younger.  He  tells  us,  that  "  after  Scipio 
had  retired  from  the  clamours  of  Kome  to  Caieta  with  his 
friend  Lajlius,  he  passed  the  rest  of  his  time  in  innocent 
pleasures  and  amusements,  in  diversions  which  had  pleased 
them  when  children  ;  and  the  two  greatest  men  that  ruled 
the  state  Avere  often  seen  on  the  sea-shore  picking  up  light 
pebbles,  and  throwing  them  on  the  smooth  surface  of  the 
waters."  (Consult  also  Cicero,  De  Oratore,  lib.  ii.  cap. 
vi.)  The  following  early  notice  of  "  ducks  and  drakes  ' 
occurs  likewise  in  the  Octavius  of  Minucius  Felix,  cap.  iii. : 
"  We  walked  slowlj'-  and  composedly,  and  coasted  along 
the  easy  bend  of  the  shore,  beguiling  the  v.^ay  all  the 
while  with  accounts  of  navigation  given  by  Octavius. 
Having  walked  far  enough  for  pleasure  without  fatigue, 
we  returned  by  the  same  way,  and  we  came  to  that  place 
where  small  vessels  are  laid  up  on  a  frame  of  oak  to  pre- 
vent theu-  being  rotted  by  contact  with  the  ground.  There 
we  saw  boys  eagerly  engaged  in  the  game  of  throwing 
shells  into  the  sea.  The  nature  of  the  game  is  this  :  from 
the  beach  they  choose  a  shell,  thin  and  polished  by  the 
waves ;  they  hold  it  in  a  horizontal  position,  and  then 
whirl  it  along  as  near  the  surface  of  the  sea  as  possible, 
so  as  to  make  it  skim  the  surge  in  its  even  motion,  or 


140 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67. 


spring  up  and  bound  from  time  to  time  out  of  the  ■water. 
That  boy  is  conqueror  whose  shell  both  runs  out  farthest 
and  bounds  oftenest."] 


LINES  ON  THE  EUCHARIST. 
(3^1  S.  X.  519.) 

"  It  was  the  Lord  that  spake  it. 
He  took  the  Bread  and  brake  it, 
And  what  the  Word  did  make  it, 
That  I  believe  and  take  it." 
Perhaps  the  following  may  be  thought  a  curious 
instance  of  the  use  of  these  lines.     In  the  old 
churchyard  of  Templecorran,   or  Ballycarry,   in 
CO.  Antrim,  Ireland — which  is  part  of  the  eccle- 
siastical benefice  that  was  held  at  one  time  by 
Swift  as  Prebendary  of  Killroot,  before  he  became 
Dean  of  St.  Patrick's — stands  a  small  rough  lime- 
stone slab,  erected  at  the  head  of  a  very  humble 
grave,  and  bearing  the  following  inscription,  very 
rudely  cut,  in  reading  which  it  will  be  necessary 
to  observe  that  the  five  vowels,  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  are 
represented  by  the  five  numerals,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5  : — 
"  Jajies  Buens,  Born  1772. 
ChrSst  wis  th2  w4rd  thlt  splk2  3t, 
H2  t44k  th2  Br21d  Ind  brlk2  3t, 
Ind  whit  thlt  1r4rd  d3d  mlk2  3t, 
Thlt  3  b2132v2  Ind  tlk2  3t." 
Interpreted  as  above   directed,  the   foregoing 
inscription  will  be  found  to  be  almost  identical 
with  the   lines   on  the   Eucharist    which    were 
quoted   by   Sherlock  in  the   Practical  Christian 
(1698),     Now,  the  history  of  this  headstone  and 
inscription  in  Ballycarry  churchyard  is  somewhat 
curious.     They  were  both  the  work  of  the  man 
whose  birth,  but  not  whose  death,  they  record, 
viz,  '^  James   Burns,   born  1772,"  who  intended 
them  to  mark  the  spot  where  he  wished  his  mortal 
remains   to   be  laid,  and  where  he  made  other 
necessary  provisions  for    his    future    interment. 
"Whether  Burns  was  unwilling  to  put  his  surriving 
friends  to  the  trouble  of  erecting  a  headstone  to 
his  memory,  or  whether  he  feared  that,  after  his 
decease,  they  might  neglect   their  duty  in  this 
particular,  I  cannot  say,  but  it  is  certain  that  he 
took  the  precaution  of  performing  this  office  for 
himself.     And  the  history  of  the  man  is  not  less 
remarkable  than  the  history  of  the  inscription 
which  he  cut  on  his  own  tombstone.     He  was 
well  known  throughout  the  greater  part  of  co.  An- 
trim as  "  the  rambler ;  "  and  the  following  brief 
sketch  of  his  eventful  life,  which  I  had  from  his 
own  lips,  will  show  that  he  well  deserved  the 
title.     He  was  a  native  of  Templepatrick,  in  co. 
Antrim,  and  began  his  career  as  a  gunner  in  the 
old  Royal  Irish  Artillery,     From  tlais  corps  he 
deserted  shortly  before   the   Irish   Rebellion  in 
1798,  in  order  to  become  a  "Defender,"  then  an 
United  Irishman,  and  then  a  rebel  in  arms  at  the 


battle  of  Antrim.  After  many  hair -breadth 
escapes  and  a  short  imprisonment,  he  again  became 
a  soldier  in  the  3rd  Buffs,  with  which  corps  he 
served  some  years  abroad  in  various  quarters  of 
the  globe,  and  then  got  a  free  discharge  from  the 
British  army.  Returning  to  his  native  country, 
be  became  successively,  and  in  many  different 
localities,  a  gardener,  a  weaver,  an  itinerant  ped- 
lar (or  hawker),  an  itinerant  mendicant,  and, 
finally,  a  pauper  in  the  Lame  workhouse,  where 
he  died  about  two  years  ago,  in  the  93rd  year 
of  his  age  ;  and  his  remains  were  duly  laid  in  the 
grave  for  which  he  had  provided  the  foregoing 
headstone  and  inscription.  Now,  the  question 
which  occurs  to  me  in  this  matter,  and  which  may 
possibly  occur  to  others,  is — Where  did  Jamie 
Burns,  the  old  Irish  rambler  and  pauper,  fall  in 
with  the  lines  on  the  Eucharist  which  were  quoted 
by  Sherlock  in  1698,  and  which  have  lately 
been  brought  under  the  notice  of  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q,"  ?  Classon  Porteb. 

Lame,  co,  Antrim. 


WEARING  FOREIGN  ORDERS  OF  KNIGHTHOOD 
IN  ENGLAND, 

(3^-^  S.   xi.    37.) 

In  reply  to  an  enquiry  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  am 
enabled,  from  an  authentic  source,  to  give  to  your 
correspondent  some  information  bearing  on  this 
matter.  I  do  not  believe  there  is  any  "judicial 
authority "  to  support  the  supposition  that  "  no 
Englishman  can  wear  a  foreign  order."  I  appre- 
hend an  Englishman  can  (so  far  as  law  is  con- 
cerned) wear  any  decoration  he  pleases,  including 
the  crown  itself,  if  he  has  a  fancy  for  a  head-dress 
of  that  description.  The  only  restriction  is,  that 
fancy  costumes  or  foreign  orders,  unless  accepted 
by  the  express  sanction  of  her  Majesty,  cannot  be 
worn  in  the  presence  of  royalty  or  its  represen- 
tatives, and  this  not  by  any  "judicial  authority" 
whatsoever,  but  by  the  regulations  of  the  Court 
itself,  for  the  due  maintenance  of  its  own  state. 
Not  only  does  this  rule  vindicate  the  supremacy 
of  the  Crown  as  the  foundation  of  all  honours  in 
this  country,  but  it  serves  to  preserve  the  value 
of  honours  emanating  from  the  Queen  for  public 
services,  which  would  in  some  degree  lose  their 
distinctive  pre-eminence,  were  foreign  orders,  with- 
out stint,  to  be  borne  by  British  subjects  at  their 
own  court. 

Conformably  with  this  understanding,  I  appre- 
hend that  it  is  not  the  practice  of  foreign  sove- 
reigns of  the  highest  rank  to  offer  such  decorations 
without  taking  measures  previously  for  ascertain- 
ing the  pleasure  of  her  Majesty, 

If,  without  regard  to  existing  arrangements, 
British  subjects  accept  them,  not  being  admissible 
at  Court,  good  taste  discourages  their  display  upon 


3'*  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


141 


otTier  occasions  in  this  country ;  and  I  apprehend 
that  a  similar  feeling  would  limit  their  use  abroad 
to  the  dominions  of  the  sovereign  by  whom  they 
had  been  conferred. 

As  to  the  sanction  of  the  Crown,  it  has  hitherto 
been  the  practice  to  grant  it  for  military  services 
in  the  field,  and  sometimes,  in  special  instances, 
of  successful  diplomacy. 

Of  the  groimds  for  conferring  the  foreign  deco- 
rations, to  which  your  correspondent  alludes  in 
the  instance  of  Mr.  Pugin,  and  of  Mr.  Major,  of 
the  British  Museum,  I  have  no  distinct  informa- 
tion. The  foreign  order  of  knighthood  borne  by 
Sir  J.  Emerson  Tennent  was  conferred  in  1843 
by  King  Otbo,  in  recognition  of  that  gentleman's 
active  services  in  the  field  and  by  sea  during  the 
war  of  independence  in  Greece.  These  military 
and  naval  services  were  rendered  about  the  year 
1825,  and  thereupon  turns  another  point  in  con- 
nection with  this  subject.  Her  Majesty's  sanction 
to  Sir  Emerson  Tennent's  acceptance  of  this  deco- 
ration was  given  at  the  request  of  the  King  of 
Greece  nearly  twenty  years  after  the  termination 
of  the  war,  in  the  course  of  which  he  had  served ; 
and  it  was,  I  have  reason  to  believe,  immediately 
after  that  the  regulation  was  altered  so  as  to  ren- 
der it  obligatory  that  the  military  services  thus 
signalised  by  a  foreign  sovereign  should  have  been 
rendered  within  a  shorter  period  (two  or  three 
years,  I  think,  at  most)  previous  to  the  date  of 
the  decorations  conferred. 

The  practice  of  giving  the  royal  assent  to  the 
bestowal  of  foreign  orders  has,  I  think,  been  re- 
laxed of  late,  so  as  to  permit  somewhat  more 
freely  the  acceptance  by  British  subjects  of  foreign 
decorations  for  civil  services  of  eminence ;  but,of 
this  I  am  not  quite  certain.  Akmigee. 


So  long  as  the  acceptance  of  a  foreign  order  of 
knighthood  was  supposed  to  carry  with  it  a  title 
to  the  rank  and  privileges  of  a  knight  bachelor  of 
the  realm,  the  regulation  that  a  British  subject 
should  not  receive  such  honours  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  Crown  was  intelligible,  and  one  to 
which  obj  ection  could  not  fairly  be  made. 

But  early  in  the  present  century  it  was  ruled, 
not  only  that  such  privileges  were  not  conferred 
by  the  acceptance  of  a  foreign  order,  even  with 
the  consent  of  the  Crown ;  but  further,  that  no 
British  subject  should  be  allowed  to  accept  such 
honours  from  foreign  sovereigns  unless  they  had 
been  conferred  for  distinguished  service  in  the 
field,  or  unless  the  person  honoured  had  been  ac- 
tually employed  in  the  service  of  the  sovereign 
conferring  them. 

It  is  well  known  that  very  many  British  sub- 
jects who  have  distinguished  themselves  in  the 
more  peaceful  fields  of  science,  literature,  and  art, 
have  received,  and  continue  to  receive,  from 
foreign  Governments  that  recognition  of  services 


rendered  to  mankind  which  their  own  Govern- 
ment refuses  to  recognise  and  reward.  It  is  well 
known,  also,  that  practically  no  attention  is  paid 
by  civilians  to  regulations  which  can  only  be  en- 
forced upon  naval  and  military  officers,  and  the 
immediate  servants  of  the  Government.  Perhaps 
the  recent  discussion  upon  this  subject  may  residt 
in  the  determination  of  the  Government  not  to 
cancel  regulations  which  are  as  inefiiectual  as  they 
are  absurd,  but — 1st,  to  render  penal  the  accept- 
ance of  any  recognition  of  merit  conferred  by  a 
foreign  Government ;  and,  2ndly,  to  punish  as  a 
Tiigh  crime  and  misdemeanour  the  performance  of 
any  act  of  heroism,  or  the  doing  of  anything  for 
which  among  other  nations  a  man  would  be 
thought  to  have  deserved  well  of  his  country,  un- 
less the  person  performing  such  act  should  be  an 
officer  in  the  army  or  navy,  and  have  attained  the 
rank  of  major  in  the  one  service,  or  of  post-captain 
in  the  other.  This  would  do  away  with  the 
Victoria  Cross  and  the  Albert  Medal,  and  we 
should  no  longer  see  the  anomaly  of  a  soldier  being 
substantially  rewarded  for  being  the  first  to  enter 
a  New  Zealand  pah,  while  the  sovereign  herself 
can  only  reward  such  heroic  acts  as  those  per- 
formed during  the  late  colliery  explosions  by  an 
expression  of  admiration  consisting  of  "  Words, 
words,  words  ! "  J.  Woodward. 


I  do  not  think  there  is  anything  to  prevent  a 
civilian  from  accepting  a  foreign  order,  but  with  a 
military  man  the  case  is  otherwise,  though  I 
believe  permission  to  do  so  is  rarely  withheld. 
When  a  relative  of  my  own,  the  late  Colonel 
Bolden  Dundas,  C.B.,  was  at  Woolwich,  he  was 
directed  by  Government  to  give  instruction  in 
engineering  to  some  young  men  sent  over  by  the 
Sultan  to  be  educated  in  England.  In  return  for 
his  services,  the  Sultan  sent  him  a  Turkish  mili- 
tary order.  He  applied  to  the  authorities  for 
permission  to  wear  it,  and  was  refused,  on  the 
ground  that  it  was  an  acknowledgment  of  services 
rendered  in  a  civil  and  not  a  military  capacity. 
Upon  this,  he  returned  the  decoration — a  very 
handsome  one,  by  the  way,  composed  of  large 
diamonds — to  the  Turkish  ambassador,  who  abso- 
lutely refused  to  receive  it,  or  to  inform  his  master 
that  the  Colonel  could  not  wear  it.  The  latter 
therefore  kept  the  jewels,  but  never  wore  them 
at  Court  or  elsewhere. 

W.  J.  Beei^hard  Smith. 

Temple. 

LOW:  BARROW. 
(3^"  S.  X.  497  ;  xi.  25.) 
Lozv. — After  the  full  discussion  in  the  pages  of 
''  N.  &  Q."  on  the  application  of  this  term,_  per- 
haps a  few  words  on  its  etymology  and  history 
may  not  be  without  interest. 


142 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>^  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67. 


The  earliest  Teutonic  form  is  to  lie  found  in  the 
Gothic  version  of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel  (a.d.  360), 
eh.  xxvii.  ver.  60,  ''  .Tah  galagida  ita  in  niujamma 
seinamma  hlaiva.'"  ("  And  laid  it  in  his  own  new 
tomb.")  Here  it  is  the  equivalent  of  the  Greek 
^iv-nfxeiov.  Gabelentz  and  Loebe  *  connect  the  word 
with  A.-S.  Mono,  0.  H.-G.  hleo  (Eng.  loio  or  laio). 

Grimm  t  attaches  the  meaning  (tumulus  agger, 
refugium)  to  the  word  hlaio,  with  the  same  refer- 
ences. 

Graff  J,  sub  voc.  Weo,  gives  the  .two  senses  of 
'•  tumulus  "  and  "  mausoleum."  He  traces  tha 
word  to  the  root  hJi,  which  according  to  Grimm's 
law  of  phonetic  change,  is  equivalent  to  Latin 
di,  Greek  kAi.  Hence  K\iv(a,  to  slope,  Lat.  m-cK- 
nare,  cli-vus,  a  mount,  &c.  This  root  is  probably 
connected  with  Sanskrit  sri,  to  move,  to  roll. 
The  word  hleo,  which,  losing  the  aspirate,  be- 
comes loiv,  or  laio,  is  found  in  every  Teutonic 
tongue,  with  the  sense  in  some  cases  of  hill,  and 
in  others  of  tomb.  The  loio  exactly  corresponds 
with  Lat.  clivus  — 

" .    .    .    .    qua  se  subducere  colles 
Incipiimt,  moUique  jugum  demittere  clivo." 

Virg.  Eclog.,  ix.  8. 

These  low  hills  were  selected  by  the  early 
Teutons  as  sites  for  the  sepulture  of  their  chief 
men,  and  hence  the  double  application  of  the 
word;  the  secondary  meaning  frequently  super- 
seding the  primitive  ;  but  probably  in  many  cases 
the  low  never  was  crowned  with  a  harroio  or 
burying  place. 

Our  word  loio,  as  opposed  to  high,  is  derived 
from  a  different  root.  In  its  adjectival  form  it  is 
only  found  in  the  Low  German  dialects,  and  is 
probably  derived  primarily  from  Goth,  lagjan, 
A.-S.  licyan,  Ger.  lec/en,  demittere.  Halthaus  § 
considers  loh  and  hoi  convertible,  and  gives  to 
them  the  meaning  oi  fovea — "Fohun  habent  M," 
"Foxes  have  holes."  || 

The  word  barroiv,  as  a  burial  mound,  has  run 
a  very  parallel  course  with  loio.  In  the  passage 
already  quoted  from  St.  Matthew's  Gospel,  where 
the  Gothic  version  employs  hlaio  or  low,  the  A.-S. 
version  uses  hiirgene — "  lede  hyne  on  hys  niwan 
hyrgene ;  "  literally,  "  laid  him  on  his  new  har- 
roio." 

There  is  a  numerous  class  of  words  in  the  Teu- 
tonic languages,  having  a  strong  resemblance  to 
each  other,  but  which  now  embrace  a  great  variety 
in  their  signification,  e.  y.  English,  hmj,  A.-S. 
hyryan;'E,.  borough,  A.-S.  hurh ;  E.  borrow,  A.-S. 
borh,  a  pledge ;  A.-S.  heorh,  a  hill,  found  in  the 
names  of  places,  as  Beorstoio  (Birstall),  the  place 
on   the  hill,  Beornica   rice,  Bernicia,  the  moun- 

*  Gram,  dcr  Got.  Sprache,  p.  G3. 

t  Deutsche  Gram.  ii.  462. 

j  AltJwchdeutscher  Sprachschatz,  iv.  109i. 

§   Glossarium.  Teiit.  iii.  552. 

II  Tatian's  Theotisc.  Harnionia  Evangelica. 


tainous  province.  In  German  the  same  variety  is 
found  in  such  words  as  Berg,  Bergen,  Burg,  Bur- 
ger, &c.,  as  also  in  the  other  kindred  tongues. 
It  is  believed  that  the  whole  of  these  derivations 
can  be  traced  to  a  single  radical,  Barg,  H.-G., 
Bairg,  Goth.,  having  the  idea  of  "security,"  "pro- 
tection "  ;  according  to  Grimm,  "  tegmen,"  "  re- 
fugium." 

As  the  hills  were  in  early  times  the  natural 
resorts  for  protection  from  violence,  be)-y  came 
naturally  to  signify  "mons,"  "  coUis."  With  the 
•idea  of  security  is  connected  that  of  covering, 
hiding ;  hence  the  German  ver-bory-en.  Hence 
also  berya,  the  old  name  for  subterranean  store- 
houses.    Tacitus  says :  — 

"  Solent  et  subterraneos  specus  aperire,  eosque  multo 
insuper  fimo  onerant,  suffugiuni  hyemi,  et  receptaculum 
frugibus." — De  Mor.  Ger.  cap.  xvi. 

The  transition  from  this  to  the  burial  mound  is 
very  easy.     Wachter  {sub  voc.)  says :  — 

"  Bergen,  sepelire,  id  est  tumulo  inferre,  quod  sepulturae 
veterum  plerumque  fierent  sub  collibus,  sive  natuvalibus, 
sive  manu  congestis . .  .  Ej  usque  rei  indicium  faciunt  non 
solum  ossa  et  urnae  qua  hodiernum  eruuntur  sed  etiam 
lingua  vetus.  Xam  sepelire  Anglo-Saxouibus  dicitur 
byrigan,  bel»jrgean,  et  behyrigean.  Unde,  nisi  a  beorg, 
coUis  ?  .  .  .  Hinc  tumulus  Anglo-Sax.  dicitur  birgene, 
bergyl,  byrigels ;  sarcophagus,  lic-beorg ;  epitaphium,  byrig- 
leoth." 

The  byriy-els  became  gradually  corrupted  into 
barroiv,  by  which  the  tumuli  are  now  designated. 

The  same  idea  of  protection  (security)  is  carried 
out  in  Burg,  Borough,  a  fortified  place  or  town;- 
which  is  farther  connected  with  Bery  by  being 
frequently  erected  on  the  summit  of  a  hill.  Again  : 
the  A.-S.  Borh  was  applied  to  the  security  or 
pledge  given  for  money  lent,  whence  our  word 
borrow.     Beryen,   in   old   German,  ramifies  into 


many  sig 


ofnifications,  such 


'  eripere  a 


malo,"    "  cavere,"     "  defeudere   contra  malum, 
"munire,"  "  arcere,"   ^'tegere,"  "juvare";    but 
all  referring  to  the  same  radical  idea. 

The  above  remarks  may  help  to  explain  the 
primary  ideas  involved,  and  the  particular  ap- 
plication of  these  two  terms.  J.  A.  P. 

Sandj'knowe,  Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 


Geokge  III.  (.S-^i  S.  xi.  108.)— The  remarks  in 
"N.  &  Q."  on  the  epistolary  ability  of  George 
III.,  as  estimated  by  Lord  Stanhope  in  his  His- 
tory of  Englaiul,  and  more  recently  in  a  less  laud- 
able tone  by  Mr.  Bodham  Donne,  whose  work  was 
under  notice,  reminds  me  of  a  testimony  on  the 
subject  which  I  received  from  a  very  competent 
authority,  and  which,  referring  to  a  later  period 
than  Lord  North,  yet  anticipated  the  encomiums 
which  have  since  been  oozing  out  respecting  the 
mental  capacity  of  the  King,  so  popularly  miscon- 
ceived, and  largely  through,  the  pasquinades  of 


S"!  S.  XI.  Fkb.  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


143 


Peter  Pindar.  In  a  conversation  witli  Lord  Fara- 
boroiigh,  one  of  the  closest  and  most  confidential 
of  the  adherents  of  the  immortal  William  Pitt, 
he  stated  that  it  was  often  his  task  to  peruse  his 
Majesty's  answer  to  the  despatches  daily  sent  him 
at  Windsor.  That  they  were  altogether  of  a 
highly  intelligent  order,  and  that  frequent  me- 
moranda and  annotations  on  the  margins  displayed 
a  knowledge  of  the  Constitution  of  the  clearest 
and  most  comprehensive  nature.  When  it  is 
remembered,  added  his  Lordship,  that  these  papers 
were  delivered  to  the  King  at  8  o'clock  a.m.,  and 
read  and  answered  before  he  went  to  breakfast  at 
9,  you  may  be  sure  that  when  the  time  comes  for 
their  publication,  history  will  learn  how  differently 
to  appreciate  his  talent  in  the  conscientious  dis- 
charge of  the  royal  functions.  By  and  bye,  we 
shall  have  the  Pitt  correspondence  to  add  to  that 
of  Lord  Xorth  ;  and  when  I  consider  the  eminent 
qualifications  of  my  informant  to  form  a  correct 
judgment,  I  venture  to  predict  that  his  prophecy 
will  be  verified  to  the  letter  !     Bushey  Heath. 

P.S.  Whilst  the  pen  is  in  my  hand,  will  you 
permit  me  (mingling  small  things  with  great)  to 
say  that  the  sequel  to  the  "  Song  "  (8'^  S.  xi.  96), 
though  I  cannot  remember  the  verse,  went  on  to 
state  that  Eve  was  taken  from  Adam  to  demon- 
strate that  they  were  eqttal.  And  "  beetle,"  in 
Scotland,  is  a  wooden  mallet,  with  a  round  handle, 
with  which  (years  ago,  at  least)  washerwomen,  to 
save  manual  labour,  beat  the  dirty  linen,  laid 
dripping  wet  upon  a  large  stone,  till  the  worst  of 
the  dirt  was  at  any  rate  knocked  out. 

Caey's  Dai^te  (3"»  S.  xi.  115.)— Sir  James 
Lacaita,  an  authority  not  to  be  surpassed  in 
Italian,  and  not  easily  so  in  English,  told  me  that 
this  best .  version  of  Dante  was  that  by  Mr.  F. 
Pollock.  Ltxtelton. 

Ogilvie  :  EEBELLioiir  OF  1745  (S'l  S.  x.  474.) 
The  gentleman  referred  to  was  Sir  John  Ogilvie 
of  Inverquharity.  Thomas  was  his  fourth  son,  of 
whom  it  was  stated  by  Douglas  that  he  "has 
been  for  several  years,  and  still  is,  abroad."  As 
also  implicated  in  the  rebellion,  it  is  possible  he 
may  have  gone  abroad  with  his  kinsman  David, 
Lord  Ogilvie,  eldest  son  of  John,  fourth  Earl  of 
Airly,  who  was  attainted  for  his  connection  with 
the  cause  of  the  exiled  Stuart.  Lord  Ogilvie  re- 
sided in  France  for  many  years,  where  he  became 
lieutenant-general,  and  had  the  command  of  a 
Scottish  regiment  called  "Ogilvie's  Regiment." 
Sir  John  was  the  fourth  baronet,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  eldest  son  John,  who  thus  became 
Sir  John  Ogilvie  of  Inverquharity.  Kinnordie 
was  one  of  the  old  seats  of  the  family,  having 
been  acquired  by  them  during  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury ;  and  is  now  possessed  by  Sir  Charles  Lyell, 
the    eminent    geologist.       Vide  Douglas's  Bar., 


Burke's  Peer,  and  Bar.,  and  Mzv  Stat.  Acct.  of 
Scot.,  CO.  Forfar.  W.  B.  A.  G. 

De.  Fishee  (3'-''  S.  xi.  92.)— I  can  bear  witness 
to  the  truth  of  the  character  of  Dr.  Fisher  as 
given  by  your  correspondent,  especially  as  to  his 
kindliness  of  disposition.  I  knew  him  in  that  in- 
terval of  his  life  when  "  he  supported  himself  by 
teaching,"  and  everyone  who  remembers  him  at 
Coombe  (and  there  are  many  of  my  old  school- 
fellows about  the  world  now,  among  whom  I  may 
mention  the  responsible  editor  of  the  greatest'of 
our  newspapers)  will,  I  am  sure,  join  with  me  in 
sajdng  that  none  of  our  masters  devoted  himself 
more  to  the  amusement  of  the  boys  than  he  did 
In  the  winter  evenings  we  crowded  round  his 
corner  to  hear  him  read  Lover's  or  Croker's  fairy 
stories,  and  on  Sundays  it  was  considered  the 
greatest  privilege  to  be  allowed  to  walk  with  him 
to  some  of  the  beautiful  spots  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. On  one  of  these  occasions  we  were  on 
Richmond  hill,  when  he  ran  to  me  with  an  ex- 
pression of  excitement  in  his  face  which  alarmed 
me,  and  seizing  me  and  another  boy  by  the  arm, 
dragged  us  forward  to  where  a  stout  gentleman 
was  walking,  and  in  a  hoarse  voice  whispered  into 
our  ears,  "  There's  O'Connell !  That's  the  great 
Dan  !"  He  was  a  good  Irishman,  and  instilled 
into  our  minds  the  most  favourable  opinion  of  the 
Irish  character.  Sebastian. 

Les  An-giois  s'amtjsaiejStt  teistement,  etc. 
(o'^  S.  xi.  44.)  —  In  an  article  in  to-day's  Times 
(Feb.  12),  entitled,  "  A  View  from  a  Club  Win- 
dow," descriptive  of  the  Reform  League  Demon- 
stration of  yesterday,  I  find  this  slippery  quotation 
again  attributed  to  Froissart.  As  both  Jatdee 
and  myself  have  searched  the  old  chronicler  very 
diligently,  it  is  rather  remarkable  that  we  should 
both  have  overlooked  it.  A  literary  friend  tells 
me  he  has  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  it  is  in 
Froissart,  and  that  if  he  only  had  suificient  time  at- 
his  disposal  to  search  through  so  large  a  work, 
he  is  certain  he  would  find  it.  If  Jaydee  will 
institute  another  hunt  through  the  ponderous  tomes 
of  the  great  chronicler,  perhaps  he  will  be  success- 
ful this  time.  If  the  writer  of  the  article  in  the 
Times  should  see  this  letter,  perhaps  he  would  be 
so  good  as  to  send  a  line  to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  saying 
whereabouts  in  Froissart  the  passage  may  be 
found,  unless,  indeed,  as  I  suspect,  he  has  quoted 
it  at  second-hand.  JoNATnAN  BotrcHiEE. 

Quotatiojs-  feom  Homee  (3"1  S.  xi.24,  123.)— 
It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  so  far  from 
OS  Ke  KivQii  being  "of  course"  right,  it  is  pi'imd 
facie  wrong,  as  the  proper  sense  of  Ke  is  the  same 
as  cLv,  which  is  never  found  with  the  present  in- 
dicative. It  is  true  that  in  Homer  /ce  sometimes 
seems  to  have  no  conditional  sense,  and  to  be 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


I5ri  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67. 


almost  a  mere  expletive ;  but  I  doubt  i   it  can 
occur  -svith.  the  tense  in  question.        Lyttelton. 

Vessel-Ofp  Giels  (3'<i  S.  xi.  9.)— At  Christmas 
time  we  have  many  parties  of  little  children  coming 
"a  wesselling."  They  usually  carry  a  ''wessel- 
bob  "  or  large  bunch  of  evergreens  hung  with 
oranges  and  apples  and  coloured  ribbons.  The 
carol  they  sing  I  have  copied  from  a  little  book 
printed  at  Otley :  — 

"  WASSAIL-CUP   HTilX. 

"  Here  we  come  a  -svassailing 
Among  the  leaves  so  green 
Here  we  come  a  wandering 
So  fair  to  be  seen. 

Chorus. 
"  For  it  is  in  Christmas  time 
Strangers  travel  far  and  near, 
So  God  bless  you  and  send  yoii  a  happy 
Xew  Year. 
"  We  are  not  daily  beggars. 
That  beg  from  door  to  door. 
But  we  are  neighbours'  chUdren, 
Whom  you  have  seen  before. 
"Call  up  the  butler  of  this  houee, 
Put  on  his  golden  ring, 
Let  him  bring  us  a  glass  of  beer. 
And  the  better  we  shall  sing. 
"  We  have  got  a  little  purse, 

Made  of  stretching  leather  skin. 
We  want  a  little  of  j-our  money 
To  line  it  well  within, 
"  Bring  us  out  a  table, 

And  spread  it  with  a  cloth  ; 
Bring  out  a  mouldy  cheese. 
Also  your  Christmas  loaf. 
"  God  bless  the  master  of  this  house, 
Likewise  the  mistress  too, 
And  all  the  little  children 
That  round  the  table  go. 
"  Good  master  and  mistress. 

While  you're  sitting  b_v  the  fire. 
Pray  thiuk  of  us  poor  children 
Who  are  wandering  in  the  mire." 

G.  W.  ToJILINSOIf. 
•    Huddersfield. 

Block  oif  WHICH  Chaeles  I.  was  beheaded 
(3''''  S._  xi.  54.) — I  am  afraid  your  correspondent 
D.  B.  is  rather  out  in  his  chronology.  Lady  Fane 
was  never  married  to  Bishop  (or  rather  Arch- 
bishop) Juxon.  His  grace  died  on  June  4,  1663; 
and  was  succeeded  in  his  estates  by  his  nephew 
"William  Juxon,  who  was  created  a  baronet  in 
1660.  I  do  not  know  the  date  of  his  death  ;  but 
be  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Sir  William  .Tuxon, 
the  second  baronet,  who,  in  1726,  married  Susan- 
nah, daughter  of  John  Marriott.  He  died  on 
Feb.  3,  1740;  and  his  widow  married  Charles, 
second  Viscount  Fane,  who  died  s.  2).  in  1782,  when 
that  peerage  became  extinct.  T.  P. 

SiBTLLiNE  Oracles  (3">  S.  x.  469.) — J,  M.,  in 
speaking  of  the  Sibylline  verses,  mentions  where 
some    of  these  remarkable  documents  may  be 


found.  Whoever  wishes,  however,  to  obtain  a 
full  acquaintance  with  what  has  been  preserved 
as  bearing  the  name  of  the  Sibyl,  must  not  con- 
fine himself  to  that  which  is  given  in  any  old 
edition :  for  four  books  of  Sibylline  verses  were 
fii'st  edited  by  the  late  Cardinal  Mai ;  the  four- 
teenth in  1817,  and  the  eleventh,  twelfth,  and 
thirteenth  in  1828.  So  that,  of  the  fourteenth 
Sibylline  books  formerly  mentioned,  we  now  pos- 
sess twelve — the  eight  previously  known,  and  the 
four  discovered  by  Mai.  The  ninth  and  tenth  are 
still  unknown.  In  Friedlieb's  edition  (Xp7)!rjuol 
Il^vWuol,  Leipsic,  1852),  these  twelve  books  are 
collected;  and  the  editor,  besides  giving  much, 
useful  information,  nas  added  a  metrical  German 
version. 

It  is  the  third  Sibylline  book  which  has  a  real 
use  and  interest.  The  others  were  some  of  them 
written  by  early  Christian  heretics,  and  they  fur- 
nish materials  for  forming  a  judgment  of  their 
opinions;  others  are  merely  histories  in  verse, 
assuming  the  form  of  predictions ;  but  the  third 
Sibylline  is  mainly  the  genuine  embodiment  of 
Jewish  expectations,  B.C.  170.  This  is  the  ancient 
work  known  as  the  Sibyl,  of  which  other  books 
are  shadowy  imitations.  Besides  Friedlieb,  see 
Westcott's  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Gos- 
pels, p.  89  seq. ;  Pusey's  Daniel  the  Prophet, 
p.  863  seq.  L^xixjs. 

Cailabre  (3'"'*  S.  xi.  10.) — Calabre  occurs  in 
Piers  Plowman;  see  Wright's  edition,  i.  133. 
The  allegorical  personage  named  Hunger  is  en- 
forcing the  statement  that,  were  men  to  be  more 
moderate  and  abstemious,  doctors  would  have 
nothing  to  do,  and  might  as  well  turn  farm- 
labourers.  In  modern  spelling,  the  passage  runs 
thus :  — 

'■'  And  if  thou  diet  thee  thus, 
I  dare  lay  mine  ears, 
That  Physic  shall  his  furred  hood 

For  his  livelihood  sell, 
And  his  cloak  of  Calabre 

With  all  the  knops  of  gold, 
And  be  fain,  by  my  faith  ! 

His  physic  to  leave. 
And  learn  to  labour  with  land. 
For  livelihood  is  sweet." 

The  context  suggests  that  Calabre  is  something 
showy  and  expensive,  not  coarse  stuiF,  as  Sir  R. 
Palmer  suggests.  Mr.  Wright's  note  says,  "  Cal- 
abre appears  to  have  been  a  kind  of  fur :  a  docu- 
ment in  Rymer,  quoted  by  Ducange,  speaks  of  an 
indumentum  foderatum  cum  Calabre " ;  and  he 
calls  attention  to  Chaucer's  description  of  the 
doctor's  dress :  — 

"  In  sang^-in  and  in  pers  he  clad  was  al 
Lj-ned  with  taffeta,  and  -with  sendal." 

Cant.  Tales,  prol.  441. 

Surely,  then,  a  cloak  of  Calabre  was  a  dress  of 
distinction.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 


3'dS.XI.  Feb.  16, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


PuxxiNG  Mottoes  (3""'*  S.  xi.  32.)— The  witty 
gentleman  of  Tyne  neiglibourliood  has  not  cooked 
his  macaroni  so  well  as  Swift  did.  "  In  port  you 
sail  us"  is  not  English;  a  pilot  takes  a  ship  into 
port.  It  is,  however,  very  curious,  and  as  a  motto 
perhaps  imique.  But  sailors  and  the  commonalty 
almost  unconsciously  have  tried  the  same  thing. 
With  them  the  '' Bellerophon "  is  the  "Billy- 
rough-un  ; "  the  "  Belle  Poule  "  the  ''  Bell  Pull " ; 
and  the  Woolwich  boat,  the  "  Niobe,"  is  trans- 
lated into  the  ''  Nobby."  The  "  Bull  and  Mouth," 
"  Bell  Savage,"  the  "  Goat  and  Compasses,"  and 
the  "  Bag  o'  Nails  "  show  the  same  tendency.  Let 
me  add  a  few  more  punning  mottoes  to  those 
adduced  by  J.  A.  P. :  "  Suum  cuique,"  the  motto 
of  the  Everys  of  Derby ;  "  A  Home,  a  Home,  a 
Home"  of  Earl  Home;  the  imcouth  but  yet 
good  one  of  "Fare,  fac,"  Fairfax;  "Libera  terra, 
et  liber  animus,"  Sir  Robt.  Frankland-Russell ; 
"  Accendit  cantu  "  of  the  Cockburns  of  Berwick- 
shire ;  that  oddity  of  the  Doyleys,  though  not 
exactly  a  pun,  "  Do  no  yll  quoth  Doyle  " ;  "  Deus 
pascit  corvos,"  for  the  Corbets;  the  Earl  of  West- 
moreland, a  Fane,  "  Ne  vile  fano  " ;  the  "  Sacra 
Quercus  "  of  the  Warwickshire  Holyoakes ;  "  Se- 
cus  rivos  aquarum  "  borne  by  the  Rivers  of  Chaf- 
ford  in  Kent ;  "  Quod  dixi,  dixi  "  of  the  Dixies  of 
Bosworth  ;  ''Festina  lente,"  wittily  assumed  by 
the  Onslows ;  and  that  one  of  Lord  Henniker's, 

"  in   order  to  excel,"   tov  apio-reveiv  eVeKa, 

C.  A.  W. 

May  Fair. 

As  your  correspondent  J.  A.  P.,  who  has  him- 
self supplied  us  with  some  apposite  examples, 
seems  disposed  to  accept  others  of  a  similar  de- 
scription, I  will  offer  him  one  which  is  due  to  a 
learned  friend  of  mine,  and  which,  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge,  has  never  appeared  in  print.  He 
was  requested  by  a  gentleman,  who  was  about  to 
assume  a  coat-of-arms,  to  supply  an  appropriate 
motto.  The  gentleman's  name  was  William 
Dare.     My  friend  proposed  Audebo  (I  Will  Dare). 

SCHIN. 

Kell  Well  (3'''^  S.  x.  470 ;  xi.  24.) — It  seems 
to  me  just  possible  that  "Kelt  Well "  is  a  corrup- 
tion of  "  Keld  Well."  Among  the  old  words  that 
are  still  in  use  in  the  north  of  England,  is  JceM 
(well).  It  is  used  of  a  deep  hole  in  a  stream. 
Keld  Well  would  be  just  such  a  tautological  ex- 
pression as  Water  Eaton,  the  name  of  a  village 
in  Oxfordshire ;  and  Creech  Hill,  the  name  of  an 
eminence  in  Somersetshire.  In  these  cases  the 
words  "water"  and  "hill"  were  added,  when  ea 
and  creeeh,  the  old  equivalents,  bad  become  mean- 
ingless lifeless  words  to  the  inhabitants  of  those 
parts.  And  so  may  have  sprung  up  such  an  ex- 
pression as  "  Keld  Well." 

At  all  events,  the  word  keld  is,  I  thiiik,  worth 
mention,  if  only  as  akin  to  kell. 

John  Hosktns-Abrahall,  Jtjn.,  M.A. 


Andeew  Cbosbie  (S''' S.  xi.  75). — J.  C.  will 
find  a  good  deal  of  information  as  to  this  distin- 
guished lawj'er,  in  the  Scottish  Natioi  ,  vol.  i. 
p.  733.  Although  I  have  no  doubt  that  *Ir.  An- 
derson, the  learned  author  of  that  work,  has 
exhausted  the  whole  of  the  information  that  can 
be  obtained  from  printed  documents,  I  believe 
that  some  additional  particulars  might  be  procured 
by  a  search  in  the  records  of  the  Register  office, 
as  those  already  published  stop  immediately 
before  Mr.  Crosbie's  time. 

George  Veee  Irving. 

Clerical  Use  oe  Academical  Costttme  (3'* 
S.  X.  328,  452.) — Laictjs  seems  to  think  that  I 
refer  to  the  practice  of  the  University  of  Bologna, 
as  if  their  customs  are  "  binding  on  us."  I  said, 
"  The  University  of  Bologna,  and  those  based  oil 
its  model;''  and  then  I  quoted  from  a  diploma 
granted  legally  in  this  country  by  such  a  body. 
Let  the  words  of  diplomas  be  noted  in  cases  in 
which  degrees  are  thus  formally  conferred,  the 
words  "  qusecunque  usquam  gentium  Artium  Ma- 
gistris competunt  privilegia et  ornamenta"  What 
law  of  God  or  of  the  realm  would  an  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury  infringe  by  granting  in  this  matter 
what  the  Pope  of  Romehad  done  ? 

I  might  ask  Laictjs  what  royal  charter  or  Act 
of  Parliament  authorizes  any  particular  University 
to  confer  the  right  of  wearing  a  particular  hood 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  persons.  Though 
I  do  not  believe  that  they  have  the  right  to  hin- 
der holders  of  Lambetb  degrees  from  wearing  any 
special  hood,  yet  it  may  be  well  for  me  to  say 
that  I  am  not  aware  that  I  have  been  acquainted 
with  any  Lambeth  graduate  since  the  edatb  of 
the  late  Rev.  S.  R.  Maitland,  D.D. 

A  right  to  wear  a  particular  hood  does  not 
extend  to  the  exclusive  use  of  it.  Lord  Redes-  ■ 
dale  was  the  last  gentleman  whom  I  saw  in  blue 
coat  and  bright  buttons,  and  buff  waistcoat ;  but 
I  suppose  that  his  Lordship  would  smile  at  the 
notion  of  his  having  an  exclusive  right  to  the 
dress.  Laictjs  might  assume  it  if  he  would,  or  I 
might  do  so. 

As  to  the  binding  force  of  the  58th  canon, 
Laicits  must  be  asked  to  remember  that  it  not 
only  prescribes  a  suitable  dress  for  clerical  persons, 
but  it  also  forbids  certain  articles  of  attire  to  those 
who  are  not  graduates,  tinder  penalty  of  stispension. 
What  would  be  the  consequence  if  a  clergyman 
from  St.  Aidan's  were  proceeded  against  imder 
this  clause  for  using  a  Cambridge  hood  ?  It 
would  certainly  be  found  that  the  Convocation  had 
no  more  power  to  make  a  valid  regulation  of  force 
to  susjjettd  him  in  the  sense  intended,  than  it  had 
to  order  the  execution  of  the  sentence  of  sus.  per 
coll  Though  the  man  would  be  no  graduate  at 
all,  it  is  clear  that  no  such  canon  could  impose  a 
penalty  upon  him. 

The  fact  of  the  framers  of  the  canons  having 


146 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES, 


[3rd  s.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67. 


attempted  this,  shows  that  they  proceeded  alto- 
gether ultra  vires.  Without  the  sanction  of  the 
law  of  the  land,  such  a  body  could  no  more 
ordain  the  infliction  of  punishments  to  be  carried 
out  than  could  the  Westminster  Assembly  or  the 
Wesleyan  Conference.  L^litjs. 

"  SXRICXUKES  OJT  THE  LiVES  OF  EsiIiNEN'T  LAW- 
YERS "  (3''''  S.  xi.  66.) — If  your  correspondent  on 
the  other  side  of  the  world  will  turn  to  "  N.  &  Q.," 
2"''  S.  ii.  513,  he  will  find  to  whom  this  work  is 
attributed.  He  is  incorrect  in  saying  it  is  not 
mentioned  by  Lowndes,  who  says  it  is  "  a  com- 
pilation of  little  authority  or  merit ;"  but  another 
opinion  I  have,  which  is  authoritative,  says  it  is 
"  written  by  a  shrewd  observer."  An  edition  (?) 
was  published  in  "  Dublin,  1790,  8vo.,  printed  for 
E.  Lynch,  P.  Byrne,  &c.,"  with,  otherwise,  the 
same  title-page  as  the  London  edition. 

Ralph  Thomas. 

Old  Proverb  :  Spiders  (3'"  S.  xi.  32.)— The 
extract  from  Henderson's  Notes  on  the  Folk-Lore 
of  the  Northern  Counties  of  England  and  the  Bor- 
ders, quoted  in  ''  N.  &  Q.,"  is  very  interesting,  as 
it  refers  to  a  statement  made  by  an  old  woman, 
a^ed  ninety,  that  spiders  were  considered  sacred 
in  consequence  of  one  having  spun  a  web  over  the 
manger  at  Bethlehem  in  which  the  babe  Jesus 
lay.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  where  any  men- 
tion of  this  fact  is  made.  I  have  a  fine  old  en- 
graving of  the  Nativity  (without  name  of  printer 
or  engraver),  in  which  a  spider's  web  is  intro- 
duced, but  I  never  knew  the  meaning  of  this 
until  I  read  the  extract  from  Mr.  Henderson's 
book.  Sidney  Beisly. 

Sydenham. 

JoHKifY  Cake  (S'"  S.  xi.  21.)— This  Ameri- 
canism, like  many  others,  is  merely  a  slight 
corruption  of  a  provincialism  from  the  "  old 
country."  "  Jannock  "  is  the  old  English  term  for 
oaten  bread — leavened,  in  contradistinction  from 
oaten  cakes,  which  are  unleavened.  From  this, 
the  word  became  applied,  metaphorically,  to  sig- 
nify "  real,"  "  sound,"  "  genuine."  In  both  these 
senses  the  word  is  still  employed  in  East  Lan- 
cashire and  in  the  West  Eiding  of  Yorkshire. 
"  Turn,  wot  do'st  think  o'  Bill  o'  my  gronny's  ?  " 
"  Eh,  Sam,  Bill's  a  reet  un,  he's  gradely./a?MOcA;," 
conveying  the  highest  compliment  for  sincerity 
and  uprightness.  "  He's  noan  jannock^''  means 
he 's  false,  unsound. 

When  the  Puritans  colonised  New  England, 
they  carried  the  word  with  them.  The  altered 
climate  substituted  Indian  corn  for  oats,  and  by  a 
very  slight  change  jannock  became  Johnmj-cahe. 
The  metaphorical  application  also  still  continued. 
In  Dana's  very  interesting  Two  Years  before  the 
Mast,  the  Yankee  skipper,  bullying  his  seamen, 
exclaims,  "  You've  mistaken  your  man.   I  've  been 


through  the  mill,  ground  and  bolted,  and  come 
out  a  regnlar-huiU  doini-east  Johnmj-cake,  good 
when  it's  hot,  but  when  it's  cold,  sour  and  indi- 
gestible ;  and  you'll  find  me  so  !  "  that  is  to  say, 
''I'm  no  sham,  but  the  real  thing j  what  I  say, 
I'll  do."  J.  A.  P. 

Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 

Sir  William  Breketoit  {Z"^  S.  xi.  80.)  — 
Brereton,  whose  most  amusing  travels  form  the 
first  volume  published  by  the  Chethani  Society, 
was,  the  editor  tells  us,  Sir  William  Brereton  of 
Handford,  the  Great  Parliamentarij  General. 

P.P. 


NOTES  ox  BOOKS,  ETC. 

The  Poetical  Worhs  of  Geoffrey  Chaucer.  Wiih  Memoir 
by  Sir  Harris  Nicolas.  Six  Volumes  (Aldine  Edition). 
(Bell  &  Dalcly.) 

It  is  very  creditable  to  Messrs.  Bell  Sc  Daldy  that,  in 
I  issuing   a  new  series  of   The  Aldine  Poets,   they  take 
i  measures  to  secure,  what  was  by  no  means  the  case  with 
'  the  original  Aldines — a  correct  and  carefullj'-  edited  text. 
'.  In  the  edition  before  us,  the  text  has  been  carefullj-  re- 
j  vised  and  collated  by  Mr.  Morris,  who  gives  in  his  Pre- 
i  face  a  List  of  the  JtSS.  which  he  has  used.    Admirable 
as   many   consider  Tyrwhitt's  text  of  The   Canterbury 
Tales,  it  has  this  objection  —  it  is  Tyrwhitt's  text,  and 
I  not  the  text  of  any  one  MS.     In  this  edition  Tyrwhitt's 
j  text  has  been  replaced  bj'  that  of  the  Harleian  MS.  7334, 
I  which  has  been  collated  throughout  with  the  Lansdowne 
;  MS.  851.    Tyrwhitt's  admirable   "  Essay   on    the  Lan- 
'  guage  and  Versification  of  Chaucer,"  and  his  "  Introduc- 
i  tory  Discourse  on  the  Canterbury  Tales,"  have  properly 
been  preserved ;  but  the  former  has  been  made  more  com- 
plete by  some  sections  on  the  Chaucerian  metres  by  the 
i  Eev.  W.  W.  Skeat,  of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  edi- 
';  tor  of  Sir  Launcelot,  whose  name  is  sufficient!}'  familiar 
I  to  our  Eeaders.      The   Court  of  Love,  Romaunt  of  the 
Rose,   Troylus  and   Cryseyde,  and   indeed  all   the  other 
'  Poems,  have  been  collated  with  the  best  MSS. ;  and  in  the 
Glossary  some  few  terms  which  have  been  overlooked  or 
misunderstood  by  former  editors  have  been  inserted  and 
explained.      Sir"  Harris  Nicholas'  Life  of  Chaucer,  the 
only  biographj'  of  the  poet  worth  having,  is  very  properly 
i  preserved.     In  short,  we  have  in  these  six  beautifully 
j  printed  volumes  an  edition  of  Chaucer  which  will  at  once 
'  satisfy  the  scholar  and  delight  the  lover  of  handsome 
!  books. 

I      The    late    Mr.  Henry    Crabb    Robinson.  —  On 
i  Tuesday,  the  oth  inst.,  at  his  residence  in  Russell  Square, 
died  Mr.  Henr}'  Crabb  Robinson,  whose  name  is  intimate!}' 
'  associated  with  some  of  the  greatest  literaiy  notabilities 
of  the  present  century,  and  who  was  well  described  in  The 
.   Times  Obituar}'  as  "  the  friend  of  Goethe,  Wordsworth, 
;  and  Lamb."    Every  one  who  has  read  the  biographies  of 
i  the  latter  will  be  familiar  with  Mr.  Robinson's  name  ; 
and  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  make  English  readers  ac- 
quainted with  the  writings  of  Schiller  and  Goethe.     He 
j  was  the  intimate  friend,  and  not  unfrequently  the  Ma3- 
cenas,  of  some  of  the  most  remarkable  of  English  authors 
!  and  artists.    To  the  poet-painter  Blake  he  was  especially 
kind,   and  the  value  of  Blake's  productions  was   early 
recognised  by  him.     In  Gilchrist's  Life  of  Blake,  recently 
I  published,  will  be  found  many  anecdotes  supplied  to  the 


3"^^  s,  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


147 


author  from  the  well-stored  memory  of  Mr.  Robinson. 
To  Goethe  he  was  known  intimately  as  a  friend  and 
correspondent.  Some  of  the  happiest  sayings  of  Lamb 
were  preserved  bj'  his  veteran  companion.  One  which 
has  been  often  told  relates  to  Mr.  Robinson's  first  brief 
— for  he  was  a  barrister  by  profession,  although  we  be- 
lieve he  never  but  once  went  on  circuit.  On  hurrying  to 
Lamb,  with  the  brief  in  his  hand  and  with  an  exultant 
air  he  exclaimed,  "  Look  here,  Lamb ;  I  have  got  my  first 
brief."  The  humorist  smiled  and  replied  in  a  well-known 
quotation  from  Pope,  "  I  suppose  you  said  of  it,  Robinson, 
'  Thou  first  great  cause,  least  understood.' "  It  was  Robin- 
son who  endeavoured,  though  without  success,  to  bring 
about  an  intimacy  between  Wordsworth  and  I51ake,  and 
the  result  of  his  attempt  is  among  the  most  curious  of  the 
anecdotes  told  of  the  latter.  In  more  recent  times  Mr. 
Robinson  was  known  to  a  very  large  and  cultivated  circle 
in  London,  by  whom  his  pleasant  recollections,  his  fund 
of  good  temper,  and  his  extensive  knowledge  of  men  and 
things  were  greatly  esteemed.  Although  he  had  reached 
his  ninety-second  year  his  mind  was  in  full  activit3^  Up  to 
within  a  very  short  time  of  his  death  he  was  frequently  to 
be  met  in  Russell  Square,  accompanied  only  by  his  man-ser- 
vant, and  was  a  pretty  regular  attendant  at  the  Athenaeum. 
Mr.  Robinson  had  been  for  many  years  a  Fellow  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries,  and  many  will  remember  how  happily 
he  defined  the  characters  of  "that  and  the  Royal  Society. 
"  As  tlie  Archbishop  of  York  is  the  Primate  of  Eng- 
land, and  His  Grace  of  Canterbury  is  Primate  of  all 
England,"  said  Mr.  Robinson,  "so  the  Societ}'  of  Anti- 
quaries is  the  dullest  society  in  England,  but  the  Royal 
is  the  dullest  society  in  all  England."  If  the  entries 
which  Mr.  Robinson  made  in  the  Diarj'  kept  by  him  for 
many  years  equal  his  talk,  it  will  prove,  when  published, 
a  most  amusing  volume,  and  one  which  must  be  looked 
for  with  great  anxiety.  Mr.  Robinson  has,  we  believe, 
left  his  portrait  of  Coleridge  and  some  others  of  great 
interest  to  the  National  Portrait  Gallery. 


Serials. 
Arts   Quarterhj  Revieii;  No.  III.  N.S.    (Day 


The  Fine 

&  Son.) 

^Ve  congratulate  the  editor  on  the  progress  of  a  journal 
calculated  to  foster  among  us  a  taste  for  "  the  beautiful 


of  things  in  art."    One  of  Mr.  Haden's  etchings  is  alone 
worth  the  cost  of  the  present  Number,  which  is  varied 
and  good. 
Miscellanea    Genealogica  et  Heraldica.     Edited  by  J.  J. 

Howard,  LL.D.,  F.S.A.     Part  III.     (J.  E.  Taylor.) 

Our    genealogical    friends  will    find   in   the    present 
number    another    rich   Collection  of  AVills,    Pedigrees, 
Grants  of  Arms,  and  other  matters  to  interest  them. 
The  St.  Stephens:  a  Weekly  Chronicle  of  Politics  and  full 

and  accurate   Reports   of  Proceedings  in   Parliament. 

No.  I.     (Bentley.) 

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[S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  16,  '67. 


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RUDD  and  CO.'S  CHURCH  HARMONIUMS, 
as  supplied  to  his  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  have 
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moderate Warerooms,  74,  Dean  Street,  Soho  Square. 


ALD   MARSALA   WINE,    guaranteed  the  finest 

\_/  imported,  free  from  acidity  or  heat,  and  much  superior  to  low- 
priced  Sherry  (vidiBr.  Dniitt  on  Cheap  Wine.'').  One  guinea  per  dozen. 
A  genuine  really  fine  old  Port  36.'!.  per  dozen.  Terms  cash.  Three  dozen 
raU  paid.— W.  D.  WATSON,  Wine  Merchant,  71  and  73,  Great  Russell 
Street.corner  of  Bloomsbury  Square,  London,  W.C.  Established  1841. 
Full  Price  Lists  post  free  on  application. 


CHOICE  OLD  SHERRIES.— Warranted  pure  Cadiz 
Wines  as  imported  direct,  soft  and  full  flavoured.  —  Pale,  Golden , 
or  Brown,  24s.,  30s.,  346.,  38s.,  44s.,  50s.,  54s.  per  dozen.  Terms  Cash. 
Three  dozen,  railway  carriage  paid,  to  all  England  and  Wales. 


Established  1841.    Full  Price  Lists  post  free  on  application. 


36s.       -WAHD'S   PAIS   SEEBKir        36s. 

At  36s.  per  Dozen,  fit  for  a  Gentleman's  Table.  Bottles  and  Cases  in- 
cluded.  Terms  Cash,  prepaid.    Post-orders  payable  Piccadilly. 
CHARLES   WARD    and   SON, 
(Established  upwards  of  a  century),  1,  Chapel  Street  West, 
MAYFAIR,  W.,  LONDON. 
36s.        "WARS'S  PAXiS  SHSBRV        36s. 


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60s.  per  dozen.  Per  dozen. 

Good  Dinner  Sherry  24s.and30s. 

Superior  Golden  Sherry SSs.  and  42s. 

Choice  Sherry—Pale,  Golden  or  Brown,  48s.  54s.  and  60s. 

PURE  ST.  JULIEN  CLARET 

at  !&<.,  20s.,  24s.,  30s.,  and  36s.  per  dozen. 

Choice  Clarets  of  various  Growths  . .  .42s. ,  4gs.,  60s.,  72s. ,  81».,  96*. 

Port  from  first-class  Shippers 30s.,  36s.,  42s. 

Very  Choice  Old  Port 4Ss..6(i«.,72s..84«. 

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forwarded,  with  List  of  all  other  Wines  and  Liqueurs,  by 

HEDGES  &  BUTLER, 

London,  155,  Regent  Street,  W.;  and  30,  King's  Road. 

(Originally  established  a.d.  1667.; 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

FOR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC, 


"Wlien  found,  make  a  note  of." — Captain  Cuttle. 


No.  269. 


Saturday,  February  23,  1867. 


Price  Fourpencc. 
Stamped  Edition,  5rf. 


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[S'l  S.  XL  Feb.  23,  '67 


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EUDD  and  CO.'S  CHURCH  HARMONIUMS, 
as  supplied  to  his  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  have 
great  power  without  harshness  of  tone,  and  are  very  durable.  Prices 
moderate Warerooms,  74,  Dean  Street,  Soho  Square. 


f\LD    MARSALA    WINE,  guaranteed  the  finest 

"  imported,  free  from  acidity  or  heat,  and  much  superior  to  low- 
priced  Sherry  (.vide  Dr.  Druitt  on  Cheap  Wines').  One  guinei  per  dozen. 
A  genuine  really  fine  old  Port  36s.  per  dozen.  Terms  cosh.  Three  dozen 

rail  paid W.  D.  WATSON,  Wine  Merchant.  72  and  73,  Great  Russell 

Street.comerofBloomsbury  Square,  London,  W.C.    Established  1841. 
FuU  Price  Lists  post  free  on  application. 

pHOICE  OLD  SHERRIES.  —Warranted  pure  Cadiz 

\J    Wines  as  imported  direct,  soft  and  full  flavoured Pale,  Golden, 

or  Brown,  24s.,  30s.,  34s.,  38s.,  44s.,  50s.,  54s.  per  dozen.  Terms  cash. 
Three  dozen,  railway  carriage  paid,  to  all  England  and  Wales. 

W.  D.  WATSON,  Wine  Importer,  72  and  73,  Great  Russell  Street, 

comer  of  Bloomsbury  Square,  London,  W.C. 

Established  1841.    Full  Price  Lists  post  free  on  application. 


36s.       -WARD'S  PAI.S  SHZSRR-Z-        SSs. 


CHARLES  WARD  and  SON, 

(Established  upwards  of  a  century),  I,  Chapel  Street  West, 

MAYFAIR,  W.,  LONDON. 

36s,       -WARD'S  PAZ.S  SEERRV       36s. 


HEDGES    &    BUTLER,  Wine   Merchants,    &c. 
recommend  and  GUARANTEE  the  following  WINES  :— 
SHERRY. 
Good  Dinner  Wine,  24s.,  30s.,  36s.  per  dozen  ;  fine  pale, golden,  and 
Brown  Sherry,  42s.,  48s.,  54s.,  60s. ;  Amontillado,  for  invalids,  60s. 
CHAMPAGNE. 
Sparkling,  36s.,  423.;  splendid  Epernay,  48s.,  60s.;  pale   and  brown 
Sillery,  66s.,  78s.;  Veuve  Clicquot's,  Perrier  and  Jouet's,  Moet  and 
Chandon's,  &c. 

PORT. 
For  ordinary  use,  24s.,   30s.,  3Cs.,  4-'«.;  fine  old  "Beeswing,"  48s. 
60s.:  choice  Port  of  the  famed  vintages  1847,  1840,  1834,  1820,  at  72s.  to 
120s. 

CLARET. 


BURGUNDY. 

Macon  and  Beanne.  30s.,  36s.,  42s.;  St.  George,  42s.;  Chambertin,  60s., 
72s.;  CdteRatie.60s.,72s.,  84s.;  Cortoa,  Nuits,  Romance,  Clos-de-Vou- 
Beot,&c.;  Chablis,  24s.,30s.,36s.,42s.,48s.;Montrachet  and  St.Perayi 
sparkling  Burgundy,  &c. 

HOCK. 

Light  Dinner  Hock,  24s. ,  30s. ;  Nierstein,  36s. ,  42s. ;  Hochheimer,  48s 
60s.,72s.;Liebfraumilch,60s.,72s.;  JohannesbergerandSteinberger,726' 
84s.  to  120s. 

MOSELLE. 

Still  Moselle, 243., 30s.;  Zelticger,  36s.,  42s.;  Brauneberger,48s.,  60s.! 
Muscatel, 60s., 72s.;  Scharzberg, 72s.,  84s.;  sparkling  Moselle,  48s. ,60s, 
66s.,  78s. 

Foreign  Liqueurs  of  every  description.  On  receipt  of  a  Post-oflSce 
order,  or  reference,  any  quantity  will  be  forwarded  immediately  by 

HEDGES  &  BUTLER, 

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3rd  s,  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


LONDON.  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  23,  18C7. 


CONTENTS— N"  269. 


NOTES:  — The  Camberwell  Club:  Dr.  Ducarel,  149 -Old 
Ballad,  150  —  The  Abyssinians  in  Jerusalem,  151— Seton, 
Earl  of  Wiiitou,  iS.  — Dennis's  Thunder  — The  Willow 
Pattern,  152. 

QUERIES:  —Christian  King  of  Delili  in  a.d.  1403-6  — 
Colonel  Horton  or  Houghton  —  Jacobite  Verses  —  Frencli 
Register  at  Sandtoft  —  Abbot  Somerset  —  Sir  Thomas 
Stradling,  Bart.  —  "  St.  Stephen's  ;  or,  Pencillings  of  Poli- 
ticians," 153. 

Queries  with  Answees  =  —  "  Desight "  ?  "Dissight"?  — 
"  Property  has  its  Duties,"  &c.— Loch  of  Kilbread  in  Dum- 
friesshire, 153. 

REPLIES:  — Catholic  Periodicals,  154  —  Scot,  a  Local  Pre- 
fix, 155  —  Hannah  Lightfoot,  15G  —  Greek  Church  in  Soho 
Fields,  157  —  St.  Barbe,  lb.  —  "  The  Caledonian  Hunt's 
Delight,"  15S  —  Fernan  Caballero  (Agudeza),  159  — Lec- 
tureship —  Dryden  Queries  —  Courland  —  The  Brothers 
Bandiera  —  Royal  Effigies  — Christopher  Collins  —  Abbe 

—  Jolly  —  U  P  K  spells  Goslings  —  Caricatures  —  Rush- 
ton— J.  Russell,  R.A.  — Wooden  Effigy  of  a  Priest  —  Eg- 
linton  Tournament  —  Archbishop  Juson— Rev.  H.  God- 
frey —  Lord  Coke  and  the  Court  of  Star  Chamber  —  "  Not 
lost,  but  gone  before" — Song  —  Lord  Provosts  of  Edin- 
burgh—Shelley's "  Adonais "  —  "  Blood  is  thicker  than 
Water  "  — Falling  Stars  —  Christmas  "  Box  "  :  its  Etymo- 
logy— Burning  Hair— Notice  of  a  remarkable  Sword  — 
H.M.S.  Glatton  —  Block  on  which  Charles  I.  was  beheaded 

—  Rev.  Henry  Best  —  False  Hair  —The  Wooden  Horse 

—  "Pinkerton's  Correspondence":  George  Robertson  — 
Orange  Flowers,  a  Bride's  Decoration  —  The  Virgin  Mary, 
and  Books,  Churches,  &c.,  dedicated  to  her  —  The  Dawson 
Family  —'■  Advocate  of  Revealed  Truth,"  &c.,  159. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


THE  CAMBERWELL  CLUB  :  DR.  DUCAREL. 

In  no  account  of  the  life  of  Dr.  Ducarel  which 
I  have  seen  do  I  find  any  mention  of  his  having 
resided  at  Camberwell.  But  it  appears  probable 
that  he  did  so  previous  to  his  removal  to  South 
Lambetli  House  in  1767.  I  have  in  my  possession 
some  MS.  books  containing  lists  of  the  members 
of  Camberwell  Clubs,  aud  of  the  wagers  which 
were  laid  at  the  convivial  meetings.  These  re- 
cords extend  back  to  1750.  In  that  year  I  find 
the  following.     I  modernise  the  spelling :  — 

"  30'h  April.  M'-  Allix  lays  a  bottle  of  wine  with  D'- 
Duccarell  (sic)  that  the  Jesuists'  account  of  the  Longi- 
tude is  in  the  Daily  Advertiser.  D""  Duccarel  {sic)  lays 
it  is  in  the  General  Advertiser,  and  not  in  the  Dai^lii. 
Allix  lost." 

"M--  Whormby  lays  a  bottle  with  D^"  Ducarrel  {sic), 
that  Greenwich  Hospital  Chapel  was  not  consecrated  the 
11*  of  June,  1750,  the  Doctor  lays  it  was.  D' Duccarell 
(sic)  lost." 

"June  20.  D«-  Du  Carell  {sic)  lays  2  bottles  to  one 
with  M"^  Allen,  that  he  is  right  in  his  wager  with  M>- 
Whormb}'  of  the  ll'i'  of  June.     D""  Ducarell  {sic)  lost." 

"  Sep--  22»d,  1750.  D''  Ducarel  lavs  a  bottle  with  M'' 
Crespigny  about  the  usual  custom'  of  determining  the 
year  for  which  a  Lord  Mayor  of  London  has  served. 
Acknowledged  by  D''  Ducarel  to  be  lost." 

This  is  the  last  wager  I  find  laid  by  Mr.  Du- 
carel. His  name  occurs  in  the  list  of  subscribers 
to  the   quarterly  dinner  of   August   13,    1750, 


''Ducaroll"  {sic).  And  again,  for  the  last  time, 
in  the  dinner  list  of  Jan.  21,  175",  "Dr.  Ducarel." 
The  Mr.  Crespigny  with  whom  the  last  wager  was 
laid  was  probably  Mr.  Philip  Champion  de  Cres- 
piguj^,  who  was  a  friend  of  Dr.  Ducarel,  and  was 
a  proctor  in  the  Court  of  Admiralty ;  and  in  the 
Courts  of  Arches  and  Chivalry,  I  find  his  name 
as  "  M""  P.  Crespigny  "  and  "  M'  Crespigny,  Sen^" 
These  records  supply  a  commentary  on  the  ex- 
pression of  the  Yorkshire  Squire  cited  by  Jj.  L.  H. 
(S'^'^  S.  xi.  45)  that  "  the  test  of  a  man's  opinion 
was  a  wager."  The  Club  consisted  of  men  of 
some  mark — clergymen,  lawyers,  merchants — such 
gentlemen  in  fact  as  might  be  expected  to  reside 
in  a  suburban  village  in  the  middle  of  the  last 
century.  The  bets  are  upon  every  subject — lite- 
rary, historical,  political,  domestic ;  and  were  al- 
ways in  wine,  which  was  drunk  at  the  quarterly 
dinners.  A  few  specimens,  in  addition  to  those 
given  above,  of  the  wagers  of  the  past  may  interest 
the  readers  of  '^N.  &  Q."  :  — 

25th  May,  1750.  M""  Whormby  lays  a  bottle  that  the 
pamphlet  or  epistle  to  the  admirers  of  the  Bishop  of 
London's  Letter,  by  a  Little  Philosopher,  this  day  adver- 
tised in  the  Gazetteer,  is  an  Irony.  M^  Halford  lays  the 
contrarj-.     Whormby  lost." 

Mr.  Halford  was  elected  minister  of  the  parish 
of  S.  Thomas,  Southwark,  in  October  1751.  A 
clergyman  of  the  same  name,  and  probably  the 
same  person,  a  brother  of  the  auditor  of  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  Canterbury,  was  about  this  time 
lecturer  of  Camberwell.  The  Bishop  of  London 
was  Dr.  Sherlock.  His  Letter  was  "  A  Pastoral 
Letter  to  the  Clergy  and  Inhabitants  of  London 
and  Westminster,  on  occasion  of  the  late  Earth- 
quakes," great  consternation  having  been  produced 
bv  two  severe  shocks  felt  in  London  on  Feb.  3 
and  March  8,  1749-50.  The  admirers  of  this 
Letter  were  so  numerous  that  it  is  computed  up- 
wards of  100,000  copies  were  sold  within  one 
month. 

"20  July,  1750.  M"' Crespigny  lays  a  bottle  that  two 
new  Bishops  will  not  be  made  before  D"^  Lynch  is  made 
a  Bishop.     M"'  Best  lays  the  contrary'." 

It  is  noted  afterwards,  April  15,  1752,  that  Mr. 
Crespigny  lost  this  wager.  The  subject  of  it  was 
Dr.  John  Lynch,  Dean  of  Canterbury,  and  son-in- 
law  of  Archbishop  Wake. 

(June  10,  1751.)  "  M''  Jephson  lays  a  bottle  with  M^ 
Sanderson  that  Michaelmas  Term  was  formerly  shortened 
on  account  of  the  harvest.  M'"  Sanderson  the  contrary. 
Lost  by  My  Sanderson." 

One  of  the  family  of  this  Mr.  Jephson,  probably 
a  grandson,  a  clergyman,  was  for  many  years 
Master  of  the  Camberwell  Grammar  School.  Mr. 
Sanderson  was  the  son-in-law  of  Mr.  Whormby 
above  named. 

"  25  June,  1751.  M--  Woodbridge  lays  a  bottle  that  a 
Prince  will  be  born.  M""  C.  Crespiguj'  lays  a  Princess. 
Lost  by  M''  Woodbridge." 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  2.3,  '67, 


This  is  a  specimen  of  betting  for  betting's  sake. 
The  winner  of  the  wager  was  probably  Claude, 
younger  brother  of  Philip  de  Crespigny. 

"  A  wager  was  laid  on  the  14'h  instant  (Oct.  1751)  of 
a  bottle  by  M^  Banburj'  that  a  chariot  then  passing  by- 
was  M"^  Bowyer's  :  Cap'  Clarke  laid  that  it  was  D"-  New- 
ington's.     Lost  by  M''  Banbury." 

3Ir.  Bowyer  was  no  doubt  John  "Windham 
Bowyer,  Esq.,  of  Waghen,  Yorkshire,  and  of  Cam- 
berwell,  whose  only  daughter  and  heiress  married 
Sir  William  Smijth,  Bart.,  of  Hill  Hall,  Essex. 
A  son  of  this  marriage,  who  afterwards  succeeded 
to  the  baronetcy  as  Sir  Edward  Bowyer  Smijth, 
was  sometime  Yiear  of  Camberwell. 

I  have  no  account  of  this  particular  club  beyond 
the  close  of  1752.  Whether  it  was  at  that  time 
dissolved,  or  whether  the  records  are  lost,  I  do  not 
know.  In  1770  the  "Tiger  Club"  was  formed; 
.so  named  from  the  place  of  meeting,  the  "  Tiger  " 
Inn  (which  as  a  public-house  still  exists)  near  Cam- 
berwell Green,  now  absurdly  enough  called  Cam- 
berwell Park.  The  gentlemen  belonging  to  the 
''Quarterly  Society"  (perhaps  the  same  club  from 
whose  records  the  above  wagers  are  taken),  were 
honorary  members,  and  many  fresh  names  are 
found.  A  large  number  of  the  bets  laid  by  the 
members  of  the  Tiger  Club  are  on  the  subject  of 
the  American  War  of  Independence,  on  Alderman 
Wilkes,  and  other  points  of  domestic  politics. 
But  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  have  probably  had 
enough  of  these  wagers  of  old  times,  and  I  refrain 
from  further  quotation.  H.  P.  D. 


OLD  BALLAD. 


The  following  is  an  exact  copy  of  a  broadside  in 
the  possession  of  the  Rev.  William  Phelps  Prior, 
the  British  Chaplain  at  Vevey,  Switzerland,  who 
has  obligingly  allowed  me  to  make  a  transcript 
for  your  pages.  I  give  it  verbatim  et  literatim. 
The  orthography,  capitals,  punctuation,  and  italics 
are  carefully  preserved.  The  ditty,  wliich  is  very 
much  in  the  style  of  a  French  "  complainte,"  is 
printed  on  the  back  of  — 

"  The  Ordinary  of  Newgate's  Account  of  the  Behaviour, 
Confession,  and' last  Dying  Speech  of  Captain  James 
Coates,  who  was  executed  at  Tyburn  on  Friday  y"  24* 
of  Januaiy,  1705,  for  robbing  on  the  high  wav  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Atley,  taking  from  her  on  the  third  of  Decem- 
ber last  near  Ealing  Common  one  Diamond  ring  valu'd 
-10s.,  one  gold  ring  valu'd  10s.,  besides  40s.  in  money." 

The  dying  speech  is  signed  "  Friday,  January 
24,  170y,  Paul  Lorain,  Ordinary,"  and  is  "printed 
for  D.  Leach  in  Dogwell  Court,  near  Fleet 
Street." 

"  The  Danger  of  Love ; 
OR,  the 
Unhappy  Maiden  of  Cheapside, 
Being 
A  Sad  and  Tragical  Relation  of  a  young  Maiden  Gen- 
tlewoman, near  The  Fountain  Tavern  in  Cheapside ;  who 


hang'd  herself  in  her  own  closet,  on  Wednesday  seven 
night  last,  for  the  love  of  a  Sea  ofticer,  belonging  to  an 
East  India  ship ;  who  after  Three  j-ears  Courtship  and 
promise  of  marriage,   Ungratefully  left  her  and  married 
another  ;  being  a  dreadful  warning  to  all  young  maidens, 
whatsover.     To  the  Tune  of  Johnson's  Fareivd.'^ 
"  You  maidens  who  intend  to  wed 
Praj'  mind  this  doleful  Tale, 
Before  you  think  of  marriage-bed ; 

Or  hope  for  to  prevail : 
You  know  that  j'oung  men  change  their  mind 

And  often  prove  untrue 
Tho'  they  do  promise  to  be  kind, 
They  may  be  false  to  you. 

For  Cupid  with  his  dart  so  keen 

Did  wound  a  maiden's  heart ; 
In  secret  love  her  charms  were  seen 

Which  caus'd  her  fatal  smart. 
She  lov'd  and  was  not  lov'd  again. 

And  thus  began  her  woe ; 
He  prov'd  to  be  the  worst  of  men 

And  caus'd  her  overthrow. 

In  three  years  courtship  gain'd  her  love 

By  his  alluring  tongue, 
And  then  another  did  approve 

Tho'  she  had  lov'd  so  long. 
Which  so  perplex'd  this  maiden  fair, 

She  night  and  day  did  mourn. 
And  fell  into  a  deep  despair 

Dejected  and  forlorn. 
None  knows  what  Torments  Lovers  feel 

Whose  charms  are  thus  controul'd, 
Those  hearts  which  seem  as  hard  as  steel. 

Are  brought  to  softer  mould  : 
The  power  of  Love  is  so  severe, 

Xo  creature  can  withstand, 
The  greatest  Champions  far  and  near 

Must  stoop  to  its  command. 

In  vain  she  strove  to  hide  her  Flame 

That  burn'd  her  breast  witliin  ; 
She  was  not  willing  to  explain 

The  torment  she  was  in, 
But  still  conceal'd  the  cause  of  grief 

Which  more  and  more  encreas'd 
And  so  she  missd  of  all  relief 

Untill  it  prov'd  her  last. 
Her  lover  bought  the  wedding  ring 

Before  her  xevy  face 
To  let  her  know  it  was  to  bring 

Another  in  her  place. 
Which  so  tormented  this  fair  maid 

She  could  no  peace  enjoy 
But  from  that  time  provision  made 

Her  life  for  to  destroy. 
For  while  her  sister  went  abroad 

To  Market  (as  some  say) 
She  wth  a  fatal  dismal  cord  ' 

Did  make  herself  away  ; 
Within  a  closet  she  did  die 

B}'  such  a  slender  string 
As  it  appear'd  to  Humane  Eye 

Could  not  have  done  the  thing. 
Young  maidens  all  pray  warning  take 

By  this  example  strange  ; 
Be  not  to  fond  for  young  men's  sake. 

For  they  their  niinds  may  change 


What  tune  is  that  ?  Who  was  Johnson  ? 


S'-i  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


As  this  unhappy  maid  has  found 

Most  dismal  "to  her  cost. 
Who  in  true  love  did  much  abound, 

xVnd  so  her  life  was  lost. 
"  London  :  printed  for  P.  Hill  in  Cornhil."' 

J.  H.  Dixox. 

Florence. 


THE  ABYSSINIANS  IN^  JERUSALEM. 
The  refusal  of  the  late  Governmeut  to  allow 
their  agent  at  Jerusalem  to  interfere  in  behalf  of 
the  Abyssinian  community  there  against  the  Copts 
and  Turks  who  threatened  to  deprive  them  of 
their  convent  appears  to  be  one  of  the  circum- 
stances which  led  to  the  ill-treatment  of  the 
English  in  Abyssinia  by  the  Emperor  Theodore. 
The  Abyssinians  regard  the  Holy  City  as  a  sort  of 
heaven  upon  earth,  to  which  they  have  eagerly 
made  pilgrimages  from  the  olden  time.  To  have 
been  at  Jerusalem,  Doctor  Beke  tells  us,  imparts 
to  travellers  in  their  estimation  a  sanctity  far 
greater  than  the  pilgrimage  to  Mecca  gives  to  the 
Mahomedan  Hadji.  Marco  Polo  (chap,  xxxix.) 
writes :  — 

"  In  the  year  1288,  as  I  was  informed,  the  great  Abys- 
sinian Prince  adopted  the  resolution  of  visiting  in  ])erson 
the  holy  sepulchre  of  Christ  in  Jerusalem,  a  pilgrimage 
that  is  every  year  performed  by  vast  numbers  of  his  sub- 
jects ;  but  he  was  dissuaded  from  it  by  the  oificers  of  his 
Government,  who  represented  to  him  the  dangers  to 
which  he  would  be  exposed  in  passing  through  so  many 
places  belonging  to  the  Saracens,  his  enemies.  He  then 
determined  upon  sending  thither  a  bishop  as  his  repre- 
sentative, a  man  of  high  reputation  for  sanctity,  who 
upon  his  arrival  at  Jerusalem  recited  the  prayers  and 
made  the  offerings  which  the  king  had  directed." 

The  belief  of  this  people,  that  they  are  des- 
cended from  Solomon,  prolaably  adds  to  their 
extreme  veneration  for  the  Holy  City.  In  Selden's 
Titles  of  Honour,  chap,  vi.,  on  "■  Prester  John,  or 
Precious  John,  attributed  to  the  Emperor  of 
Ethiopia  or  of  the  Abyssins,"  the  author  says, 
"they  derive  themselves  from  Melech,  son  to 
Solomon  by  Maqueda,  Queen  of  the  South."  He 
adds  that— 

"Zagazabo,  an  Ethiopian  ambassador  to  the  last 
Emanuel,  King  of  Portugal,  testified  that  the  names  of 
Prester  John  and  Pretejane,  and  the  like,  are  corrupted 
from  Precious  Gian,  Gian-Belul  being  a  name  added  to 
the  Emperor  as  a  special  attribute  of  honour  beside  his 
proper  name,  and  meaning  Precious  Gian,  or  Precious 
.lohn."  , 

At  one  time  I  thought  that  by  Prester  John,  or 
Pretre  Jean,  early  European  travellers  in  the  East 
meant  some  great  priest  of  the  Jains,  who  are  a 
sect  of  Buddhists  in  India,  and  my  idea  gained 
strength  when  I  reiiected  how  possible  it  was  for 
them,  at  a  passing  glance  during  a  hurried  journey, 
to  mistake  Buddhist  monasteries  and  religious 
ceremonies  for  Christian  ones  ;  but  the  perusal  of 
the  singular  letter  from  "  John  the  Priest,"  "  King 


of  India,"  to  Manuel  Comnenus,  Emperor  of  Con- 
stantinople, in  Mr.  Gould's  Curious  Myths  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  makes  me  now  suspect  that  Prester 
John  was  one  of  the  Christian  kings  of  the  moun- 
tains of  Malabar,  in  the  south-west  of  the  Indian 
peninsula.  In  the  south-west  of  the  opposite 
peninsula  of  Arabia,  a  dynasty  of  Christian  kings 
from  Abyssinia  was  established  in  the  beginning 
of  the  sixth  century.  Abraha,  one  of  these  kings 
of  Yemen,  wished  to  make  Sanaa  the  Jerusalem 
of  Arabia,  and  with  this  view  he  built  many 
splendid  edifices  therein,  among  others  a  "  church 
of  such  magnificence  that  it  had  no  equal  at  that 
time  in  the  whole  world."  A  huge  pearl,  says 
Nuvairi,  an  Arab  author,  was  placed  on  the  side 
of  the  altar,  of  such  brilliancy  that  in  the  darkest 
night  it  served  the  purpose  of  a  lamp.  H.  C. 


SETON,  EARL  OF  WINTOX. 

The  following  account  of  the  escape  of  the  Earl 
of  Winton  occurs  in  the  Political  State  of  Great 
Britain  for  August,  1716,  p.  157  :  — 

"  On  Saturday,  the  fourth  of  August,  between  8  and 
9  o'clock  in  the  evening,  the  Earl  of  Wintoun  made  his 
escape  out  of  the  Tower,  of  which  the  Government  being 
informed,  the  Lord  Viscount  Townshend  appointed  Sir 
Andrew  Chadwick  to  go  and  examine  the  two  warders 
who  had  him  in  custody,  before  a  justice  of  the  peace. 
He  ingenuously  confessed  that,  contrary  to  the  strict 
orders  they  had  received  never  to  leave  their  prisoner 
alone,  and  for  one  of  them  at  least  to  keep  him  at  sight, 
they  had  both  at  once  gone  out  of  the  way  for  some 
minutes,  which  opportunity  the  Earl  laid  hold  on  to  give 
them  the  slip ;  and  that,  the  better  to  go  off  undiscovered, 
he  had  put  on  a  wigg,  whereas  before  he  wore  his  own 
hair.  The  warders,  thus  accusing  themselves  of  criminal 
neglect,  they  were  put  under  confinement ;  and  sometime 
after  they,  with  some  others,  were  removed  from  their 
places  without  being  allowed  to  sell  the  same." 

It  may  be  fairly  assumed  that  the  negligent 
warders  were  no  sufterers  by  the  Earl's  evasion, 
as  he  was  one  of  the  most  opulent  amongst  the 
Scotish  nobility,  and  could  well  afford  a  reasonable 
gratification.  The  Setons,  Earls  of  Winton,  were 
amongst  the  oldest  families  in  Scotland,  and  it  is 
a  remarkable  fact  that  it  still  flourishes  in  the 
male  line,  although  the  name  no  longer  graces 
the  Peerage.  Thus  the  Earl  of  Eglinton  is  called 
Montgomery,  although  he  by  direct  descent  is  a 
Seton,  having  under  a  conveyance  of  his  honours 
and  estate  succeeded  the  last  Montgomery,  Earl 
of  Eglinton,  fully  two  centuries  and  a  half  ago. 
At  an  earlier  period,  the  border  family  of 
Gordon,  by  the  n>arriage  of  the  heir  female  of 
that  ancient  race  to  a  Seton,  caused  him  to  take 
the  name  of  Gordon.  He  was  the  ancestor  of  the 
Dukes  of  Gordon  (now  extinct),  and  of  the 
Marquess  of  Huntly.  Till  the  marriage  of  the 
Countess  of  Sutherland  with  the  Marquess  of 
Staftbrd,  the  Sutherland  Earls  were  Setons  in  the 


152 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67. 


male  line.  By  the  marriage  above  mentioned,  the 
family  became  Gowers  in  the  male  line  although 
still  descended  maternally  through  the  Duchess- 
Countess  from  the  Setons.  Sir  Robert  Gordon  of 
Gordonston,  who  claimed  the  Sutherland  earldom 
in  competition  -with  the  Countess,  the  heiress  of 
line,  was  a  Seton. 

The  Setons  were  also  Viscounts  of  Kingston 
and  Earls  of  Dunfermline.  The  former  peerage 
is  extinct,  but  the  Dunfermline  title  is,  it  is  be- 
lieved, yet  open  to  a  claim  at  the  instance  of  the 
heir  male  of  the  last  Earl.  ^Yhen  the  late  Earl 
of  Eglinton  was  removed  from  the  Yiceroyalty  of 
Ireland,  where  he  was  so  very  popular,  her 
Majesty  raised  him  to  the  dignity  of  Earl  of 
Winton  in  England, 

It  so  happens  that  the  Earl  of  Eglinton  is 
neither  heir  of  line  of  the  Montgomeries,  nor  of 
the  Setons.  That  character  is  vested  in  Hay  of 
Drummelzier,  as  representing  the  A  iscounts  of 
Eongston.  Whether  there  is  at  present  an  heir 
male  of  the  Montgomeries,  is  not  known ;  but  a 
claim  was  set  up  in  1820  to  that  position  by  a 
Swedish  gentleman,  a  Colonel  pf  Jagers.  Another 
claimant  came  from  America,  as  representing  the 
old  family  of  Montgomerie  of  Lainshaw ;  but,  so 
far  as  can  be  ascertained,  neither  of  these  parties 
adopted  measures  to  prove  their  propinquity.  The 
Irish  family  of  the  name  flourished  till  the  middle 
of  last  century — when  it  became  extinct — first  as 
Viscounts  Montgomery,  and  latterly  as  Earls  of 
Mount- Alexander.  J.  M. 


DEirNas's  Thxtn'dee. — 

"  With  thunder  rumbling  from  the  mustard-bowl." 
Dunciad,  b.  ii.  1.  226. 
"  The  old  way  of  making  thunder  and  mustard  was  the 
same  ;  but  since,  it  is  more  advantageoush-  performed  by 
troughs  of  wood  with  stops  in  them.  ~  Whether  Mr. 
Dennis  was  the  author  of  that  improvement,  I  know  not ; 
hut  it  is  certain  that,  being  once  at  a  tragedy  of  a  new 
author,  he  fell  into  a  great  passion  at  hearing  some,  and 
cried,  '  'Sdeath  !  that  is  my  thunder.'  " — Note. 

I  know  no  other  authority  for  this  story.  If 
there  is,  I  shall  be  glad  to  be  told.  Dermis  has 
remained  in  undisputed  possession  tiU  to-day, 
when  the  following  appeared  in  a  leading  article 
of  The  Standard: — 

"  There  is  a  funny  story  of  Colley  Gibber  submitting 
to  the  managers  of  Dmry-Iane  whathe  considered  a  new 
invention  for  the  production  of  stage  thunder.  The 
invention  was  rejected.  Shortly  afterwards  he  was  in  the 
pit  of  the  same  theatre,  witnessing  a  piece  in  which  there 
all  at  once  occurred  a  terrific  storm.  Xo  sooner  did  the 
lightning  flashes  and  bellowing  peals  burst  forth,  than 
poor  Gibber  jumped  up  from  his  seat  and  called  out  fran- 
tically, "  My  thunder  !  it's  my  thunder  !  " 

I  wish  to  assert  the  rights  of  Dennis,  and  to 
keep  this  anecdote  from  "  going  the  rounds "  of 
all  those  newspapers  which  have  •'  Varieties  "  or 


"Facetiae."  Any  change  makes  an  old  .story 
valuable  to  the  compilers  of  those  dreary  columns, 
and  here  the  change  is  so  great  as  to  verge  upon 
originality.  FiTZHOPKixs. 

Garrick  Glub. 

The  Willow  Paxieex. — It  has  often  been 
asked  if  this  celebrated  plate  is  of  Chinese  origin, 
or  an  European  imitation  of  "  Celestial"'  art.  The 
following  particulars  may  therefore  be  interesting : 
if  they  can  be  borne  out  by  facts,  they  will  settle 
the  question. 

Last  year,  in  Florence,  I  met  an  artist  named 
Meyer  or  Mayor — a  designer  of  potteiy  and  porce- 
lain patterns.  The  willow-pattern  crockery  having 
of  late  years  been  introduced  extensively  in  Italy 
and  Switzerland  and  other  parts  of  the  continent, 
our  conversation  one  day  turned  upon  it.  I  asked 
Mr.  M.  whether  it  was  really  of  Chinese  origin  ? 
He  informed  me  that  it  was,  and  that  in  or  about 
the  year  1776  it  was  introduced  at  Hanley  by  Ms 
grandfather,  who  had  obtained  a  Chinese  plate 
from  the  captain  of  a  trading  vessel.  That  plate 
was  the  design  from  which  the  first  English  willow 
patterns  were  made.  Mr.  M.  said  the  plate  was 
still  in  his  possession  at  his  house  in  Germany. 
He  said  that  the  design  varied  considerably  from 
the  modem  patterns,  and  that  between  1776  and 
the  present  time  there  had  been  many  deviations, 
particularly  in  the  borders.  Mr.  Meyer  said  that 
his  family"  was  originally  of  Hanley,  and  that  he 
was  well  known  there  as  a  "  designer.*'  Perhaps 
some  correspondent  at  Hanley  can  throw  a  little 
light  on  the  above  statements.  I  saw  recently  a 
modern  wiUow-pattern  plate  made  at  a  Tuscan 
pottery,  in  which  the  two  birds  (doves ?)  were 
changed  into  flying-fish.  Mr.  M.  has  left  Florence, 
or  I  should  have  inquired  whether  there  was  any 
ancient  authority  for  the  change  ?  I  never  in 
England  saw  a  'plate  with  the  flying-fish.  Mr. 
Meyer  is  a  most  respectable  man,  and  therefore  I 
am  induced  to  credit  what  he  told  me. 

J.  H.  Dixon. 

Florence. 


cattCTtes. 


ChIistiax  KrjfG  of  Dehli  ix  a.d.  1403-6. — 
1.  What  was  the  name  of  this  potentate  of  the 
Greek  Chiu-ch,  designated  by  Gonzalez  de  Clavijo 

as  N ,   who   is  stated  to  ■  have  been  the 

reigning  sovereign  at  Dehli  in  a.d.  1403-6,  when 
he  was  on  an  embassy  to  the  Court  of  Timur  Beg, 
or,  Tamerlane  at  Samarcand? — Embassy  of  Gon- 
zalez de  Clavifo,  p.  153,  Hakluyt  Society,  Xo.  23. 

2.  Is  black  the  colour  of  mourning  of  the 
Greek  Church,  and  can  he  be  identified  with  the 
Seiad  Khizr  Khan,  upon  whose  death  the  in- 
habitants of  Dehli  wore  black  mourning  for  three 
days  5  green,  it  is  to  be  observed,  being  the  general 


3'd  S.  XL  Feb.  23,  'Q7.'] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


153 


colour  of  Maliommedan  mourning  ?  (Elphinstone's 
India,  ii,  82.)  Mermaid. 

Colonel  Hokton  oe  Houghton. — I  should  be 
much  obliged  to  any  of  your  correspondents  who 
could  furnish  me  with  particulars  respecting  the 
family  of  Colonel  Houghton  or  Horton,  who  served 
under  Cromwell  in  Wales,  also  in  Ireland,  as 
Commissary-general  of  the  Horse.  I  should  like 
to  know  to  what  family  he  belonged;  where 
born;  whom  he  married;  where  buried;  and 
what  issue  he  left.  In  fact  any  particulars  what- 
ever will  greatly  oblige  A.  H.  Mills. 

Campfield. 

Jacobite  Vekses.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  where  I  could  see  or  obtain  a  copy  of  some 
verses  entitled  "  Jenny  and  her  Mistress,"  being  a 
dialogue  between  the  former,  a  Jacobite,  and  the 
latter,  a  Hanoverian  ?  In  the  end,  the  mistress  is 
a  convert  to  Jenny's  way  of  thinking. 

I  should  also  be  glad  to  know  in  whose  works 
I  could  find  the  following — I  believe  the  words 
occur  in  a  song — "  And  I  thy  Protestant  will  be." 

E.G. 

French  Register  at  Sandtoft. — Mr.  Burn, 
in  his  History  of  the  Foreign  Refugees,  p.  106, 
mentions  a  copy  of  the  French  Register  of  the 
Chapel  at  Sandtoft.  He  says  the  Register  itself 
''  is  not  now  to  be  found.  It  was  in  the  French 
language.  From  a  copy  of  it  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Punter  has  extracted  the  following  names,"  &c. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  say  where  this  or  any 
other  copy  of  the  Register  now  is,  or  give  any 
information  on  the  subject?  F.  B. 

Abbot  Somerset. — I  should  be  obliged  for 
information  as  to  the  parentage  of  John  Somerset, 
Abbot  of  St.  Augustine's  Monastery  (now  the 
cathedral)  at  Bristol,  1526-1530.  I  am  desirous 
of  learning  if  he  was  connected  with  the  Beau- 
forts,  and  if  he  was  legitimate.  His  arms,  which 
appear  twice  or  three  times  in  the  cathedral,  were 
az.  a  saltire  arg.,  between  in  chief  a  portcullis, 
and  in  each  flank  and  the  base  a  fleur-de-lis  or ; 
and  these  appear  to  point  to  some  such  connection 
as  I  have  supposed.  John  Woodward. 

Sir  Thomas  Stradling,  Bart. — A  sale  of  the 
valuable  library,  furniture,  &c.,  at  St.  Donet's 
Castle,  in  Glamorganshire,  is  known  to  have  taken 
place  on  the  termination  of  a  chancery  suit  caused 
by  the  heir-at-law  disputing  the  will  of  Thomas 
Stradling,  who  died  in  1738.  The  suit  is  said  to 
have  lasted  sixty  years,  and  the  sale  must  therefore 
have  occurred  about  the  end  of  the  last  century. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  give  information 
of  the  date  of  the  sale,  and  also  where  a  catalogue 
of  it  can  be  seen  ?  And  if  any  advertisement  of  it 
exists  in  any  London  or  country  paper  of  the 
period  ?  H.  A. 


"St.  Stephen's;  or,  Pencillings  of  Poli- 
ticians."— An  8vo  volume,  entitled -Si^,  Stephen's; 
or,  Pencillings  of  Politicians,  by  "  Mask,"  was 
published  in  London  in  the  year  1839.  May  I 
ask  von  for  tbn  author's  nflmp.  ?  A-rwra 


ask  you  for  the  author's  name  \ 


^utxitS  toftf)  ^n^inorjS. 


" Desight  "  ?  " Dissight  "  ? — What  authority 
is  there  for  the  word  Desight  ?  Is  it  provincial  ? 
I  do  not  find  it  in  any  dictionary.  The  other  day 
I  met  with  it  in  The  Experience  of  Life,  by  the 
author  of  3Iary  HerbeH  [Miss  Sewell],  new  edit. 
1865,  p.  256 :  "  Old  stray  tables  and  chairs,  which 
would  have  been  a  desight  at  East  Side,  but  were 
offered  to  us  as  perfect  treasures."  I  have  heard 
the  word  now  and  then  used  in  the  sense  of  dis~ 
jigurement,  and  pronounced  '■'■  dissight,"  but  I  have 
never  seen  it  so  spelt,  nor  indeed  have  I  seen  the 
word  in  type  except  in  the  passage  just  quoted. 

Jaxdee. 
\_Desight,  as  a  Wiltshire  provincialism,  occurs  in  Hal- 
liwell's  Archaic  Dictionary  and  Wright's  Provincial  Dic- 
tionary, where  it  is  explained  as  "An  unsightly  object."!  ^^^^^ 

"Property  has  its  Duties,"  etc.— Can  any'^ 
one  tell  me  where  I  shall  find  a  copy  of  the  late  s^ 
Captain   Thomas   Drummond's  letter  containing  | 
the  expression,  "  Property  has  its  duties  as  well  1^ 
as  its  rights  "  ?  Thos.  L'Esteange.    w 

[It  is  stated  by  Mr.  Friswell  that  "  this  expression  has  ^- 
been  attributed  to  Chief  Baron  Woulfe  and  to  Mr.  Drum-  ^ 
mond  ;  but  there  is  authority  for  stating  that  Lord  Mul-  | 
grave,  then  filling  the  vice-regal  chair  at  Dublin,  wrote  ; 
the  letter  in  which  it  occurred  himself,  and  gave  it  to  ^ 

Mr.  Drummond,  the  under-secretary,  to  transcribe." F> 

Book  of  Quotations,  ed.  1866,  p.  264.]  !!^ 

LoCH  OF  KiLBREAD  IN  DUMFRIESSHIRE. — This  '«_ 

loch,  in  Upper  Nithsdale,  has  long  since  disap-  ^ 
peared  before  agricultural  improvements.     Its  an — ^ 
cient  site  is  now  a  low  bottom  of  marshy  ground  V 
in  the  small  vale  of  Glenmids,  lying  in  the  parish  f>  i 
of  Keir,  between  Blackwood  Hill  and  Hallidays^ 
Mill,  at  the  foot  of  the  Glen  of  Lagg.     There  is 
a  tradition  that  the  fishing  of  this  loch  belonged 
to   the   Abbey   of   Melrose.      Can   any   of  your 
readers,   acquainted  with   the    charters   of   that 
abbey,  say  if  it  is  mentioned  in  any  of  them  that 
have  been  published  ?     The  loch  is  mentioned  in 
the  Sibbald  MSS.,  Advocates'  Library  (lib.  W., 
5,  17),  in  these  words :  — 

"  There  is  a  deep  loch  called  the  Loch  of  Kilbread  in 
a  place  pertaining  to  the  Laird  of  Lagg,  but  the  water 
is  not  reputed  medicinal." 

The  parish  of  Keir  is  said  to  have  belonged  to 
the  Abbey  of  Holywood,  and  the  fishing  would 
therefore  more  likely  belong  to  that  abbey.  At 
the  same  time  the  Abbey  of  Melrose  had  fishings 
in   the  neighbouring  parish   of  Glencairn,   as  is 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3r<i  S.  XL  Tee.  23,  '67 


shown  in  one  of  its  ancient  claarters.  _  Kilbread 
is  of  conrse  only  another  form  of  Kilbride,  of 
which  there  are  several  throughout  Scotland. 
There  is  still  a  farm-house  of  that  name  close  to 
the  spot.  I  am  told  that  this  part  of  the  Sib- 
bald  manuscript  was  an  account  of  the  Presbytery 
of  Penpont  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Black,  minister  of 
Closeburn  about  two  hundred  years  ago, 

C.  T.  RAHAaE. 

[There  can  be  no  doubt  that  our  correspondent  is  quite 
correct  in  his  conjecture  that  the  fishing  referred  to  be- 
longed to  the  Abbey  of  Holywood,  and  not  to  Melrose. 
The  possessions  of  the  former  were  erected  into  a  tem- 
poral barony  and  bestowed  upon  John  Muray  of  Lock- 
maben,  Act  Pari.  Scot.  iii.  575.  On  Sept.  19, 1G04,  John 
Lord  Maxwell  was  served  heir  to  his  father,  and  on  July 
15,  1619,  his  brother  Robert  was  returned  as  his  successor. 
Inquis.  Spec.  Dumfries,  25  and  102.  Inter  alia  inilibratis 

terrarum,  de  Kirkbrydis infra  haroniam  de 

Haliewode.  A  charter  of  barony  carries,  as  a  matter  of 
course,  all  fishings  ex  adverso  of  the  lands  contained  in  it, 
unless  specially  excluded. 

There  is  no  mention  in  the  chartulary  of  Melrose  of 
any  fishings  connected  with  the  loch  in  question.  If  that 
abbey  had  possessed  any  they  would  have  been  expressly 
reserved  in  the  charter  of  erection.]  .vA^ft '.', 


CATHOLIC  PERIODICALS. 
(3"»  S.  xi.  2,  29.) 

The  list  of  Catholic  periodical  publications  sup- 
plied by  F.  C.  H.  is  a  contribution  acceptable  to 
me  and  to  others.  With  regret  I  perceive  that 
several  periodicals  have  not  been  noticed,  and 
some  of  these  of  recent  date,  and  a  few  of  consi- 
derable merit  and  notoriety.  The  omission  seems 
singular  to  me,  who  recognise  the  learned  contri- 
butor represented  by  the  triplet  initials,  and  am 
aware  of  his  extensive  acquaintance  with  the 
literature  of  his  Church  and  his  opportunities  of 
acquiring  the  pertinent  information. 

The  following  works  overlooked  occur  to  me, 
and  these  I  hope  to  be  able  to  supplement  after 
some  research  :  — 

The  Catholic  Emancipator  (weekly),  printed  and 
published  bv  W.  Bragg,  Cheapside,  Taunton,  circa 
1828. 

There  are  in  the  British  Museum  two  tracts 
bound  together  ;  the  first  containing  "  A  Report 
of  the  Meeting  of  the  Taunton  and  London  Hiber- 
nian Society,  held  at  the  Market-house,  xlpril 
16,  1828,"  extracted  from  the  second  number  of 
The  Catholic  Emancipator,  April  24,  1828;  the 
second  containing  a  letter  which  had  appeared  in 
the  fourth  number,  "  On  the  supposed  divided 
allegiance  of  Catholics."  I  have  never  seen  a 
number  of  The  Catholic  Emancipator,  and  do  not 


know  how  long  it  existed.  The  initials  of  the 
editor  were  "  T.  C.  B." 

The  Catholic  Pulpit,  a  series  of  sixty-one  ser- 
mons, published  periodically,  circa  1839.  This 
series  was  subsequently  comprised  in  two  volimies 
published  by  Pt.  P.  Stone,  36,  Bull  Street,  Bir- 
mingham, and  these  contained  —  first  volume,  ser- 
mons for  the  Sundays  and  holidays  of  obligation, 
from  Advent  to  Pentecost  inclusive ;  second  volume, 
sermons  for  similar  days  from  Pentecost  to  x\d- 
vent.  The  latter  volume  was  published  in  Lon- 
don also  by  Dolman,  Jones,  and  Andrews.  It 
appears  that  the  Rev.  Ignatius  CoUingridge  was 
the  editor  if  not  the  author. 

The  Catholic  Luminary  and  Ecclesiastical  Reper- 
tory, weekly,  double  columns,  8vo,  price  Ad., 
printed  by  "William  Derham,  22,  Usher's  Island, 
Dublin,  18-40.  A  prospectus  of  this  periodical  was 
issued  in  June,  1840,  and  the  first  number  ap- 
peared on  Saturday,  the  20th  of  that  month.  The 
prospectus  stated  — 

"  It  will  contain  two  and  frequently  three  sermons  by 
the  most  eminent  divines  of  the  daj^,  a  well-digested  re- 
pertory of  the  affairs  of  the  Church,  ecclesiastical  ap- 
pointments, &c.,  the  progress  of  the  various  missions  for 
the  conversion  of  the  heathen,  and  everj'  information 
relative  to  the  propagation  of  the  Faith." 

I  know  not  who  was  the  editor;  a  Mr.  Reynolds 
reported  for  it.  The  first  number  contained  ser- 
mons by  Father  Mathews  and  Dr.  Miley,  and  a 
lecture  by  Dr.  Cahill — all  men  of  historical  note. 
I  have  only  seen  the  first  and  second  numbers, 
and  know  not  if  there  be  more. 

The  Catholic  Keepsake,  an  annual,  12mo,pp.  260, 
printed  by  S.  Taylor,  8,  Chandos  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  and  published  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Asylum  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  Hammersmith,  by 
Keats,  Sloane  Street,  1848.  This  volume,  it  is 
said  in  an  editorial  notice,  was  ''  a  first  attempt  to 
establish  a  Catholic  annual;  "  and  if  it  met  with 
encouragement,  it  was  proposed  ''to  increase  the 
next  number  considerably  in  size,  and  to  render  it 
in  every  respect  an  attractive  and  acceptable  New 
Year's  "gift."  The  editor  was  the  Rev.  J.  Robson, 
then  of  Cadogan  Terrace.  A  second  volume  of 
this  work  I  have  not  seen. 

The  New  Catholic  Ma(/azine(yvee]dy),  12  pp.  Bvo, 
double  columns,  printed  by  Boake,  2,'  Crane  Court, 
Fleet  Street,  London,  184"6-7.  The  first  number 
of  this  periodical  appeared  on  Saturday,  November 
14,  1846.  The  get-up  was  creditable.  Twelve 
numbers  only  appeared. 

The  Catholic  Annual  Register,  price  25.  London  : 
Dolman,  61,  New  Bond  Street,  small  Svo,  1850. 

The  Catholic  Vindicator  and  Irish  Magazine, 
weekly,  16  pp.  4to,  double  columns,  price  Irf., 
printe'd  and  published  by  Ryan  &  Co.,  16,  Brydges 
Street,  Strand,  Londo'n,  and  subsequently  by 
George  Tickers,  334,  Strand,  1851-2.  This  maga- 
zine extended  to  seventv-nine  numbers.     It  was 


3"!  S.  XI.  Fkb. 


'67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


projected  and  contributed  to  by  Patrick  Burke 
Ilyau,  Esq.,  and  continued  under  his  liberal  and 
spirited  management  until  be  obtained  an  interest 
in  a  large  mine  and  some  thousand  of  acres  of 
land  at  Currane  on  Clew  Bay,  in  the  West  of 
Ireland.  Mr.  W.  11.  Gawthorn,  subsequently  lay 
secretary  to  Cardinal  Wiseman,  was  foi'  some  time 
editor,  and  continued  so  until  I  became  both  pro- 
prietor and  editor.  It  came  into  my  possession 
in  January,  1852.  I  affixed  to  the  original  title — 
"Catholic  Vindicator,"  "and  Irish  Magazine." 
It  attained  a  circulation  of  nearly  twelve  thousand, 
and  appeared  for  the  last  time  on  August  21, 
1852. 

The  Catholic  Guardian ;  or,  the  Christian  Family 
Lihrarrj,  a  new  periodical  devoted  to  national  and 
religions  literature,  containing  upwards  of  three 
hundred  original  articles  in  prose  and  verse,  by 
the  most  eminent  writers  ;  complete  in  one  volume, 
double  columns,  8vo.  Dublin:  Published  by  James 
Duffy,  7,  Wellington  Quay,  1853.  This  collec- 
tion appeared  in  penny  numbers,  and  comprises 
forty-four.  The  first  was  issued  February  1, 1852. 
Each  is  illustrated  with  a  prefixed  tiara  and  keys 
surmounting  a  cross,  with  two  wreaths  of  sham- 
rocks thickly  foliated  nearly  surrounding,  and 
small  crosses  in  each  of  the  corners  of  the  upper 
margin  placed  between  two  shamrocks.  The 
motto  :  "  Fides  et  patria  " — My  faith  and  my 
country. 

The  Catholic  Child's  Maf/azine,  16mo,  price  Id. 
Loudon :  W.  Shaen,  1,  Liverpool  Street,  Moor- 
fields.  The  first  number  appeared,  March  2,  1857. 
It  was  transferred,  I  am  told,  to  Richardson  and 
Son.     I  know  not  how  long  it  survived. 

The  Universal  News. — The  information  which  has 
been  supplied  to  F.  C.  H.  respecting  this  journal 
is  not  only  inaccurate,  but,  in  addition,  defective. 
I  was  the  promoter  and  secretary  of  the  company 
which  started  it — pardon  the  egotism — and  suc- 
ceeded in  placing  shares  amounting  to  over  3000/. 
chiefly  amongst  the  Irish  Catholics  of  London, 
and  was  unanimously  elected  its  editor  by  the 
board  of  directors.  Owing  to  subsequent  differ- 
ences with  the  board — before  the  appearance  of 
the  paper — A.  W.  Harnett,  Esq.,  B.L.,  was  sub- 
stituted for  me,  and  Mr.  J.  F.  O'Donnell  was  in- 
stalled by  him  as  his  sub.  After  some  months, 
Mr.  Harnett  was  induced  to  terminate  his  en- 
gagement to  make  room  for  me,  and  then  I,  and 
not  Mr.  O'Donnell,  was  appointed  editor,  and  con- 
tinued to  be  until  the  interference  of  the  lessee  in 
my  department  caused  me  to  retire.  Mr.  O'Don- 
nell succeeded  me.  In  May  last,  I  was  a  third 
time  elected  editor  by  an  imanimous  vote,  and 
also  manager,  and  continued  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  both  offices  rmtil  new  complications  arose 
Avhich  have  suspended  my  services.  Mr.  O'Don- 
nell, I  am  told,  is  now  supplying  editorial  matter. 
It  is  certain  he  is  the  "  Caviare  "  who  supplies  the 


"  Original  Poetry"  that  appears  in  the  columns 
of  The  Universal  Neics. 

JoHIf  EuGEJfE  O'CaVANAGH. 
Lime  Cottage,  Walworth  Common. 
(  To  be  continued.) 


The  Catholic  Director!/  and  Annual  Regider  ap- 
peared only  for  the  years  1838  and  1889. 

There  was  a  Catholic  Annual  Register,  but  it 
extended  only  to  the  first  half  of  the  year  1850. 
_  In  the  years  1853,  1854,  and  1855,  was  pub- 
lished The  Metropolitan  and  Provincial  Catholic 
Almanac  and  Birectorxj,  by  T.  Booker,  London ; 
but  it  survived  no  longer. 

The  Literary  Workman,  or.  Life  and  Leisure, 
conducted  by  Mrs.  Parsons.  This  magazine  was 
first  issued  weekly,  and  began  Jan.  7,  1865,  under 
the  title  of  The  JFork77uin.  Six  months  later  it 
came  out  monthly,  under  the  title  above. 

A  quarterly  journal  has  been  recently  esta- 
blished called  the  Arab,  a  Catholic  Reformatory 
and  Industrial  School  Magazine. 

Among  the  Irish  Catholic  papers  was  omitted 
The  Dublin  Catholic  Telegraph. 

This  list  has  been  transferred,  with  due  ac- 
knowledgment, from  '^N.  &  Q,."  to  the  first  page 
of  a  new  periodical  called  Catholic  Opinion.  But 
I  was  surprised,  and  by  no  means  pleased,  to  find 
a  paragraph  interpolated,  of  which  I  never  wrote 
a  word,  noticing  a  paper  accidentally  omitted  in 
my  list,  and  also  extolling  it  as  "  beyond  all  com- 
parison, the  best  of  our  cheap  Catholic  journals." 
Now,  whether  this  paper.  The  Universal  Express, 
deserves  this  high  praise  or  not  I  do  not  know  j 
but  I  must  protest  against  being  thus  made  re- 
sponsible for  what  I  never  wrote.*  F.  C.  H. 


SCOT  A  LOCAL  PEEFIX. 
(3'0  S.  xi.  12,  86.) 
J.  C.  R.  has  totally  mistaken  the  meaning  of  a 
playful  remark  of  the  late  Joseph  Robertson  on 
a  paper  of  mine,  "  Description  of  a  Scottish  Pil- 
grim in  the  middle  of  the  12th  century,"  read 
before  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  Scotland,  and 
printed  in  their  Proceedings,  vol.  v.  p.  336.  What 
Dr.  Robertson  referred  to  was  the  contrast  be- 
tween the  dress  which  was  considered  on  the 
Continent  to  be  characteristic  of  Scotland  in  the 
12th  century,  and  what  would  be  so  in  the  19th, 
when  it  would  be  the  "  tartan  array."  He  was 
far  too  intimately  acquainted  with  the  ancient 
records  of  Scotland  not  to  know  that  in  the  twelfth 
century  that  term  was  applied  to  the  Lowlands. 


[  *  The  interpolated  paragraph,  or  rather  paragraphs, 
for  there  is  another,  tirst  appeared  in  The  Universal  Ex- 
press of  January  19,  1867,  which  is  under  the  same  pro- 
prietorship as  the  self-styled  Catholic  Opinion. — Ed.] 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3'-<i  S.  XI,  Feb.  23,  »67. 


Take,  for  example, 
lelmi: — 


27  of  the  Assise  Regis  Wil- 


"  It  is  ordanit  be  the  king  thru  consail  of  his  gret  men 
at'Striveling  that  na  man  of  Scotland  aw  to  tak  pund 
bej^ond  the  watter  of  Forth,  hot  gif  that  pund  be  first 
schawyu  to  the  schiref  of  Striveling.  And  quhen  ony 
man  takis  a  pund,  he  aw  tell  hald  that  pund  at  Hadintoun 
be  the  space  of  11  days,  for  to  se  quha  cumis  to  proffer  a 
borgh  for  that  pund.  Item  thai  that  duellis  beyond 
Forth  may  with  the  leff  of  the  shiref  tak  a  pund  in 
5cofZanc?,  and  that  pund  tilhalde  11  daj'es  at  Striveling." 

Mr.  Taylor's  statement  is  perfectly  correct,  the 
title,  Rex  Scotorum,  being  personal,  and  extended 
as  the  chieftaias  of  this  tribe  acquired  dominion 
over  the  other  parts  of  the  country. 

That  the  earliest  inhabitants  of  the  lowlands 
were  Celts  of  the  second  immigration,  is  abun- 
dantly proved  by  the  remains  of  their  literature 
we  still  possess — see  the  Y  Gododin,  by  the  Rev. 
John  "Williams  ab  Ithel,  M.  A. ;  Taliesin,  the  Bards 
and  JDmids  of  Britain,  by  G.  W.  Nash;  and 
Count  Hersart  de  la  Villemarque's  Bardes  Bre- 
tons du  F/"'«  Siecle.  We  have  also  the  Dal- 
driadic  Duans,  and  the  Annals  of  Ulster. 

Our  next  notice  is  the  well-known  Instrnmen- 
tum  possessio)ium  Ecclesits  Glasguensis  {circa  1118]. 

"  Dicto  navique  Kentigerno,  pluribus  successoribus  sub 
pise  religionis  perseverantia  ad  Dominum  transmigratis, 
diversas  seditiones  circuraquaque  insurgentes,  non  solum 
ecclesiam  et  ejus  possessiones  destruxerunt,  verum  etiam 
totam  regionem  vastantes  ejus  habitatores  exilio  tradi- 
derunt,  sic  ergo  omnibus  bonis  exterminatis,  magnis  tem- 
porum  intervallis  transactis,  diversas  tribus  diversarum 
nationum  ex  diversis  partibus  affluentes  desertam  regionem 
prafatam  habitavermit,  sed  dispari  gente  et  dissimili  liJigua 
et  vario  more  viventes  ;  liant  facile  sese  consentientis  Gen- 
tilitatem  potius  quam  Fidei  cidtum  tenuerunt" 

Then  follows  the  statement : — 

"  Misit  iisDeus  David,  predicti  regis  ScoticB  gerynanum, 
in  principem  et  ducem,  qui  eorum  impudica  et  scelerata  con- 
tagia  corrigeret  et  animi  nohilitati  et  inflexibili  severitate 
contumeliosam  eorum  contum^iciam  refrenaret." 

The  idea  that  the  Scots  were  Gothic  or  Scyth- 
ians appears  to  have  been  first  broached  in  the 
letter  to  the  Pope  from  the  Parliament  of  Robert 
the  Bruce  held  at  the  monasterv  of  Abirbrothic, 
on  April  6,  1320  (Act.  Pari.  Scot.,  i.  114).  It  is 
too  long  to  quote,  but  is  evidently  got  up  to 
answer  the  English  claim  of  superiority,  and  un- 
doubtedly is  the  composition  of  an  ecclesiastic 
anxious  that  the  Pope  should  withdraw  his  inter- 
dict on  the  kingdom. 

How  fortunate  it  is  for  Scotland  that  J.  C.  R. 
was  not  at  Norham  with  Edward  I.,  to  give  such 
a  proof  that  our  very  names  showed  us  to  be  a 
tribute -paying  people,  and  therefore  that  the  king 
of  England  was  our  Sovereign  Lord  Paramount. 

J.  C.  R.  finally  announces  that  he  does  not 
acquiesce  in  the  hypothesis  of  hybrid  combinations. 
The  rule  has  been  laid  down  again  and  again  that 
such  combinations  in  a  simple  word  are  inadmis- 
sible, but  no  one  has  ever  maintained  that  a  word 


of  this  class  might  not  have  an  addition  made  to 
it  from  a  totally  different  source,  when  a  dis- 
tinction became  necessary  from  local  circumstances. 
Thus,  for  instance,  within  the  present  century 
the  late  Member  for  Lanarkshire  became  the  pro- 
prietor of  a  place  on  the  Clyde  called  Milton. 
There  is  another  Milton  in  the  adjoining  parish  of 
Lismahago,  on  the  great  north  and  south  road 
from  Glasgow  to  Carlisle,  and  the  postboys  were 
constantly  making  mistakes  between  the  two,  in 
consequence  of  which  Mr.  Lockhart,  by  the  advice 
of  his  brother,  the  well-known  editor  of  the 
Quarterly,  called  his  house  Milton  Lochart,  an 
evident  combination  of  Saxon  and  Norman.  Li 
the  case  of  Scotstarvet,  there  are  many  Tarvets 
and  Tarbets  in  Scotland,  and  the  author  of  the 
Staggering  State  of  Scotch  Statesmen  only  prefixed 
his  surname  to  that  of  his  house  with  the  view  of 
preventing  similar  mistakes.  If  it  were  not  for 
the  addition  of  the  post-town,  many  people  would 
have  even  now  to  avail  themselves  of  such  a 
distinction.  George  Veee  Ikving. 


J.  C.  R.  writing  from  New  Inn,  London,  says  that 
the  older  inhabitants  of  Aberdeenshire  invariably 
pronounce  Scotland — "  >S'A;«Mand  " ;  or  something, 
perhaps,  between  that  and  "  Skutt\?aidL."  As  an 
Aberdeenshire  man  born  and  bred,  never  out  of  it 
for  more  than  a  fortnight  at  a  time,  and  well 
acquainted  with  every  district,  and  nearly  every 
palish  in  it,  I  say  with  some  confidence  that  the 
older  inhabitants  pronounced  it  (but  only  when 
jocularly  inclined)  '■'■  SkitelBxidi,'^  and  occasionally 
"  /SA;w2Mand."  I  have  often  used  this  as  part  of 
the  argument  in  favour  of  the  ancient  Pictish,  or 
Pechtish,  inhabitants  of  Scotland  being  a  wave  of 
the  great  Scythian  (pronounced  Skythiati)  horde. 
Another  argument,  which  I  have  never  seen  no- 
ticed, is  that  St.  Andrew,  the  patron  saint  of 
the  Russians  and  of  all  the  Scythian  races,  is  also 
the  patron  of  Scotland,  A,  R, 

Deer,  Aberdeenshire. 


HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT, 
(S'-i  S.  xi.  11,  62,  89,  112,  131.) 

The  effective  mode  in  which  Mk.  W.  J.  Thoms 
is  dealing  with  the  legend  of  the  Fair  Quaker, 
Lightfoot,  or  Wheeler,  will  render  a  considerable 
service  to  English  history  in  addition  to  those  he 
has  already  afforded.  Legend,  I  have  no  doubt  it 
is,  for  although  many  years  ago  I  often  heard 
it  discussed  by  members  of  the  Societj^  of  Friends, 
contemporaries  of  the  events,  I  never  heard  any 
fact  in  authentication. 

As  I  have  perhaps  misapprehended  Mk.  Thoms's 
remarks,  and  others  of  your  readers  may  do  the 
same,  I  wish  to  call  his  attention  to  the  bearing 
of  his  observations,  which  would  imply  that  the 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


legend  had  no  existence  before  the  time  of  its 
concoction  under  Wilmot  Serres's  auspices.  It 
mast  certainly  have  spread  aniong  tlie  public  long 
before  that,  and  it  was  the  fact  of  its  existence 
and  notoriety  that  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
manipulator  to  an  incident  so  peculiarly  available 
for  the  string  of  apocryphal  royal  marriages. 

The  legend  of  "  the  Button-maker's  Daughter  " 
was  commemorated  in  at  least  one  popular  ballad, 
'^  What !  what !  d'ye  call  him,  Sir,  and  the 
Button-maker's  Daughter."  The  Button-maker's 
Daughter  I  always  understood  to  be  the  Fair 
Quaker,  and  this  ballad  was  one  of  the  epoch  of 
the  revolutionary  war. 

If  this  be  so,  it  will  carry  back  the  epoch  of 
the  floating  legend  to  the  end  of  the  last  century ; 
and  when  Mr.  Thoms  has  disposed  of  the  fabri- 
cation of  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres  he  will  still  have 
to  deal  with  the  earlier  legend.  To  a  certain 
extent  he  has  disposed  of  this  by  the  negative 
evidence  on  which  he  relies,  but  the  unravelling 
of  the  myth  will  complete  the  labour  in  which  he 
has  engaged.  Hyde  Clarke. 


GREEK  CHURCH  IN  SOHO  FIELDS. 
(3"»  S.  iii.  171.) 

Perhaps  it  will  be  worth  noting  a  fact  probably 
not  generally  known  that  a  MS.  copy  of  the  registry 
book  for  births,  marriages,  and  deaths,  apparently 
belonging  to  the  Greek  church  in  Soho  Fields, 
exists  imtil  now,  and  is  in  the  possession  of  the 
Rev.  Eugene  Popoff,  of  the  Russian  Embassy 
chapel  in  Welbeck  Street. 

The  original  registry  *book,  from  which  the 
present  copy  was  written  one  hundred  and  seven 
years  ago  —  probably  by  the  Russian  priest  Ste- 
phen Ivauovsky,  the  successor  of  the  Ai-ch-priest 
Antipas  Martimianofi' — as  far  as  can  be  judged 
from  the  manner  in  which  the  Greek  is  written, 
and  particularly  from  the  resemblance  of  the  cali- 
graphy  with  the  various  entries  made  during  the 
years  1749-1765,  the  period  of  his  priesthood  — 
is  most  decidedly  not  in  existence  at  all,  as  there 
is  a  remark  in  the  present  copy  (which  by  the  bye 
is  in  excellent  preservation),  consisting  of  eight 
large  folio  pages  of  strong  and  very  good  paper, 
and  is  prefaced  by  the  following  inscription  or 
statement :  — 

To)  Katpw  Tov  evAaPecTTdrov  h'  rots  'Apx'f^o.vdpiTOts 
Kvpiou  rei';/a5iou,  Koi  rov  alSeffiiMordrov  iu  rats  'lepojxo- 
vaxoi-s  Kvp'tov  hapdoXj/J-alov  Kacrcrdvov  =  on  ^to  -KpOTepov 
61'  fy  A-yia  ■Yifj.Siv  EKicXrjffia  'Poi^iaufio-'PcocrcriKT;  ttjs 
Aovdpas  — 

that  it  was  then  (1760)  too  old^  and  in  very  bad 
condition. 

Who  and  what  the  above-mentioned  Arch- 
mandrite  Gennadius  and  the  Hieromonachos  Kas- 
sanos  were,   we   cannot   discover;    except   that, 


according  to  a  note  in  Russian  at  the  end  of  the 
volume,  both  died  in  London :  the  first  on  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1737,  and  the  second  on  June  23,  1746, 
and  were  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Pan- 
cratius,  situated  out  of  London  at  a  village  called 
Brompton.  My  impression,  however,  is  that  this 
church  of  St.  Pancratius  must  be  Old  St.  Pancras 
Church,  near  King's  Cross ;  where  mani/  foreigners 
used  to  be  buried,  and  where  very  probably  anti- 
quarian readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  might  discover  now 
some  monument  relating  to  them.  It  is  well 
known  that  the  burials  of  Old  St.  Pancras  were  very 
numerous,  and,  until  the  introduction  of  ceme- 
teries in  London,  it  was  overflowing,  and  the 
monuments  were  neglected  or  removed. 

The  first  entry  of  the  registry  book  is  -the  fol- 
lowing one,  under  the  chapter  or  title  of  — 

Tous  evooBefTas  ual  fivpuBevTas  iv  tti  ^Ajta  ^jj-Zv 
'Ek/cAtjctio!. 

1721.  'ATrpiAiou  20.  Tov  Kvp.  'h.-yyi\ov  Mera^a  Zvo 
reKfa  koI  t]  ywr]  amov,  hfOjxa^oiim'a  'icoawjjy  Kol  Fedp- 
yios  Kcil  'EAiffageT. 

Under  the  title  — 

Tccv  ffTecpdvuv  : 

1745.  'louA^ou  9.  ^Eare^avddi]  6  Kip.  'A\e|ios  Uap- 
TTjicdKas  anh  tiV  /jdxa  'Pcofffriai',  \pd\Tr)s  rrjs  ^ EKKXTjalas, 
jxe  rrjv  Kvpa  '' Kvva.  'Pdfj.Tr€\  :  Kol  6  crvuTeKvos  auruv  ^tov 
6  Kvp.  MJc/coy  TrpayixaTevri'is  'P&),ua?os. 

Under  the  title  — 

TcSi/  yevvfjcrecai/  Koi  j3aTrT'i(rea>v  : 

1746.  Moiou  16.  ^Eyevi/rjafi'  fi  yafxer))  rod  Kvpiov 
AXe^iov  napT7]Kd\a  vl6v,  Kal  e€airri<r^ri  rfi  22  rov  avrov 

/xrivhs  Kal  bivupAaOrj  KwvaTavT'iVos.  'O  avd^oxos  avrqiv 
?lTov  6  Kvpios  Mtxar]\  K€T§epiccc§,  PoScrcros,  iTrirpoTnichs 
Slo,  rhv  Kvpwv  f/lapyapirrfv  yiocrxoj',  Trpayfji,aTevTijy 
Pa!/xa?0!/. 

This  is  the  last  entry  in  Greek,  after  which  all 
the  rest  are  written  in  Russian. 

Rhodocanakis. 

(To  be  continued.^ 


ST.  BARBE. 


(3'-''  S.  X.  24-5,  291,  &c.) 

Through  the  kindness  of  your  esteemed  corre- 
spondents, Mr.  p.  S.  KnsTG  and  Mr.  E.  S.  (of 
Penge),  I  am  able  to  afford  some  further  informa- 
tion upon  this  subject.  The  former  gentleman 
has  sent  an  extract  from  the  Magazin  Pittoresque 
for  1841,  art.  ''  Vocabulaire  de  la  Marine,"  which 
I  venture  to  translate  thus :  — 

"  Sainte-Barbe,  part  of  the  stem  of  the  first  deck. 
This  was  former]}^  that  place  in  a  vessel  where  they 
stowed  the  powder  and  the  utensils  of  the  artillery,  and 
where  the  chief  gunner,  the  surgeon-major,  the  purser, 
and  the  chaplain  (Vaumonier),  were  lodged.  At  present 
these  dispositions  are  all  changed,  and  the  '  Sainte-Barbe,' 
so  to  speak,  has  disappeared." 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67. 


It  appears,  then,  the  phrase  meant  something 
more  than  the  mere  powder-magazine,  as  I  sus- 
pected. A  spacious  chapel,  a  reception-room,  and 
a  bakehouse,  are  not  usually  found  on  board  ship, 
and  would  deserve  special  notice  ;  but  to  mention 
a  place  to  stow  powder  as  noteworthy  in  a  man- 
of-war,  seemed  to  me  to  be  as  odd  as  to  name  the 
mast  or  the  rudder.  Mk.  King's  extract  now 
makes  it  clear  why  the  '*  Sainte-Barbe "  is 
specially  spoken  of. 

Mr.  E.  S.  has  kindly  sent  me  a  copy  of  the 
Journal  Illustre,  which  contains  the  following  ex- 
tremely curious  passage : — 

"The  Catastrophe  of  Barnsley. — Eight  explo- 
sions have  followed  the  first,  and  the  pits,  which  up  to  the 
present  time  no  one  can  approach,  evident!}'  contain  dead 
bodies  only.  In  truth,  then,  300  persons  have  lost  their 
lives  by  this  fearful  event.  On  this  subject  our  corre- 
spondent has  sent  us  a  beautiful  and  touching  drawing, 
to  which,  in  these  religious  days,  we  hasten  to  give  wel- 
come. Sainte-Barbe,  the  patroness  of  miners,  appears  in 
the  middle  of  the  tlame  of  the  murderous  fire-damp.  She 
herself  bears  to  the  thunder-stricken  miner  a  mj-stical 
communion,  and  is  about  to  bear  to  the  eternal  regions 
the  soul  of  the  honest  workman,  the  victim  to  his  pious 
cares  for  his  family,  and  his  darkened  services  for 
society." 

The  engraving  shows  the  dying  miner  lying  on 
the  ground,  and  a  very  well  drawn  figure  of  the 
saint  with  a  nimbus  and  holding  in  her  hand  a 
chalice  surmounted  by  the  Host.  Is  this  a  genuine 
legend,  or  merely  a  poetical  record  of  the  catas- 
trophe ?  If  the  former,  is  it  entirely  modern,  or 
based  on  one  of  older  date  ?  As  the  correspon- 
dent justly  observes,  "it  is  exceedingly  wonderful 
for  the  latter  half  of  the  nineteenth  century." 

A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 


«  THE  CALEDONIAN  HUNT'S  DELIGHT." 
(S-^-J  S.  X.  476.) 

The  answer  returned  to  my  query  on  this 
subject  is  decisive  in  so  far  as  it  negatives  the 
conjecture  I  had  made  with  respect  to  the  Mr. 
Miller  referred  to  in  Thomson's  work.  It  leaves 
it  quite  uncertain  as  to  who  was  the  composer  of 
the  air  in  question.  According  to  the  statement 
made  by  Burns,  it  was  an  original  conception  and 
composition  of  Mr.  James  Miller,  the  result  of  a 
random  experiment  in  passing  his  hand  along  the 
black  keys  of  the  harpsichord,  and  harmonised  by 
the  friend  at  whose  suggestion  the  experiment 
had  been  made. 

This  account  of  its  origin  is  neutralised,  flatly 
contradicted,  by  the  concluding  part  of  the  answer. 

This  would  deprive  Mr.  Miller  and  his  friend 
of  all  merit  in  the  matter,  leaving  them  no  share 
whatever  in  the  production  of  this  very  pleasing 
piece  of  music,  beyond  making  a  comparatively 
slight  alteration  on  an  older  and  a  well-known  air. 


Burns'  account  is  evidently  that  of  a  man  not 
only  stating  what  he  believes  to  be  a  fact,  but  of 
one  who  knew,  or  thought  he  knew,  that  there  - 
was  good  ground  for  believing  the  fact  he  states. 
Certainly  not  intentionally  imposing,  was  he  him- 
self imposed  upon  ?  As  the  testimony  of  a  co- 
temporary,  it  would  require  the  very  strongest 
proof,  at  a  long  after-period,  to  overthrow  its 
truth.  Is  such  evidence  forthcoming  ?  Can  you 
or  any  of  your  readers  say  to  what  particular  air 
Mr.  Chappell's  assertion  applies  ?  What  name 
did  it  bear  at  the  time,  and  in  what  collection, 
then  existing,  is  it  to  be  found  ?  If  well  known 
at  the  time,  it  were  difficult  to  account  for  so  im- 
pudent and  useless  a  fabrication,  as,  in  that  case, 
not  merely  the  claim  of  Miller  to  the  composition, 
but  that  as  under  circumstances  so  peculiar,  would 
be  proved  to  be.  Such  a  claim  was  made  by  him 
and  for  him,  and  with  accessories  which  must 
have  attracted  the  attention  of  his  cotemporaries 
to  it.  Yet  no  attempt  was  made  to  expose  the 
plagiarism,  either  then  or  for  so  many  sub- 
sequent years,  by  bringing  forth  the  original  air. 
This  would  seem  more  than  a  presumption, 
amounting  nearly,  if  not  altogether,  to  a  proof, 
that  if  any  such  air  existed  at  the  time,  it  was 
unknown  to  Miller.  In  other  words,  it  would 
warrant  the  conclusion  that  he  did  invent  the  air 
which  bears  his  name,  and  that  under  the  peculiar 
circumstances  which  Burns  asserts. 

If  it  can  be  proved  that  an  air  did  previously 
exist  not  so  completely  identified  with  Miller's 
in  its  essential  and  constituent  principles  as  to 
prove  that  his  was  a  plagiarism  and  mere  copy  of 
it,  a  thing  which  I  think  I  have  proved  to  be 
almost  a  moral  impossibilitj'-,  but  having  merely 
a  general  resemblance  to  it,  we  have  then  a  curious 
psychological  fact;  I  mean  the  same  musical  im- 
pression, or  conception,  or  idea,  occurring  sponta- 
neously and  independently  to  two  different  minds, 
the  one  in  no  way  borrowing  from  the  other. 
That  this  often  occurs  with  regard  to  poetical  ideas 
is  a  well-known  fact.  Of  this  we  cannot  have  a 
better  instance  than  the  often-quoted  and  striking 
lines  of  Burns  in  compliment  to  the  fairest  and 
most  perfect  of  the  works  of  Nature  : — 

"  Her  prentice  han'  she  tried  on  Man, 
An'  syne  she  made  the  Lasses  0." 

I  have  seen  it  stated,  though  where  or  by  whom 
I  cannot  now  remember,  that  this  idea,  identical 
in  conception,  and  making  allowance  for  difference 
of  language,  also  in  expression,  is  to  be  found  in 
the  Latin  poem  of  a  German  writer  of  the  Middle 
Ages,  from  whose  works  it  is  impossible  it  could 
have  been  stolen  by  Burns,  or  even  unintentionally 
borrowed. 

That  honour  may  be  given  where  it  is  so  justly 
due,  namely,  to  the  memory  of  the  composer, 
whoever  he  may  be,  of  one  of  the  sweetest  of 


S'd  P.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


159 


Scottish  melodies,  and  wliich  appeals  so  forcibly 
to  the  feelings  and  associations  of  the  Scottish 
heart,  -will,  1  trust,  at  least  on  the  part  of  your 
Scottish  readers,  be  accepted  as  an  apology  for  the 
length  at  which  I  have  written  on  the  subject. 
CM.  Q. 

FERXAN  CABALLEEO    (AGUDEZA); 
(3"»  S.  xi.  22.) 

In  the  Edinhurgh  Review  of  July,  1861,  is  a 
most  interesting  article  on  the  novels  of  Fern  an 
Oaballero.  After  stating  that  the  bearer  of  that 
nom  de  plume  is  understood  to  be  a  lady,  and  partly 
of  German  descent,  the  reviewer  proceeds  to  say 
that  her  father  was  Don  Juan  Nicolas  Bcihl  de 
Faber,  to  whose  erudition  Spain  is  indebted  for  a 
collection  of  ancient  poetry  entitled  Floresta  de 
Riinas  Antiqtias  CastcUanas,  and  that  his  daughter 
Csecilia  was  born  at  Morgesin,  Switzerland,  in 
1797.  She  married  a  Spanish  gentleman,  and  the 
reviewer  informs  us  that  "  since  the  death  of  her 
first  husband  she  has  successively  contracted  two 
other  marriages,  and  is  now  a  widow." 

The  first  written,  though  not  the  first  published, 
of  the  novels,  was  the  Familia  de  Alvareda,  which 
the  authoress  originally  wrote  in  German.  "  She 
then  re-wrote  it  in  Spanish,  and  showed  the 
manuscript  to  Washington  Irving,  who  encouraged 
the  writer  to  proceed.  After  some  time  the 
Gai'iota  was  produced,  written  in  French  as  well 
as  in  Spanish,  and  it  has  slowly  won  its  way  to 
notice."  This  was  the  first  published  of  the 
novels,  and  appeared  about  1849  in  the  E^ana, 
a  dail3'  paper  of  ]Madrid. 

The  whole  collection  of  the  novels  may  be 
divided  into  three  classes  :  — 

"  Those  which  represent  Andalusian  life  as  it  exists 
among  the  labradores  and  campesinos  of  the  country,  and 
■which  are  thoroughly  rustic  and  natural  in  their  charac- 
ter ;— those  which  give  delineations  of  society  as  it  exists 
in  Seville,  where  the  scenes  for  the  most  part  pass  in  the 
patios  and  terhdias  of  the  palaces  of  the  Sevillian  aris- 
tocracy ; — and  those  of  a  shorter  kind,  in  which  the  in- 
terest lies  not  in  the  characters  of  the  persons  and  the 
description  of  scenery  or  manners,  but  in  the  brief  selec- 
tion of  incidents,  which  are  intended  to  point  a  moral  or 

adorn  a  proverb The  first  class,  comprising 

La  Gaviota,  La  Familia  de  Alvareda,  and  Simn7i  Verde, 
are  brilliant  and  fascinating  pictures  of  Andalusian  life, 
vivid  with  local  colour,  rapid  in  movement,  and  flavoured 
delightfully  with  that  'sal  Andaluz'  which  is  as  pro- 
verbial in  Spain  as  Attic  wit  was  in  the  classic  world." 

The  reviewer  notices  these  three  stories  some- 
what fully,  giving  many  extracts. 

Speaking  of  the  whole  of  the  novels,  and  with- 
out having  omitted  to  notice  what  he  considers 
faults  on  the  part  of  the  authoress,  arising  from 
lier  Spanish  '"dislike  to  the  foreign  and  the  new," 
her  '-prejudices,"  and  "her  'ultra-catholic  ten- 
dencies," the  reviewer  concludes  as  follows :  — 

"  Her  descriptive  powers  are  of  the  highest  order,  as 
our  readers  may  infer  from  some  of  the  extracts  we  have 


translated,  which  are  far  more  striking  in  the  picturesque 
and  energetic  language  of  Spain.  Here  and  there  we 
light  upon  those  touches  of  human  nature,  in  the  prattle 
of  childhood,  the  garrulity  of  age,  or  the  associations  of 
domestic  life,  which  make  the  whole  world  kin.  And 
although  these  tales  are  perhaps  too  essentially  Spanish 
ever  to  attain  a  great  popularity  in  foreign  coiurtrics, 
they  are  well  calculated  to  revive  the  interest  of  culti- 
vated minds  in  that  noble  language  and  that  romantic 
people.  Fernan  Caballero  has  been  hailed,  in  the  enthu- 
siastic panegj'rics  of  her  countrymen,  as  the  Walter  Scott 
of  Spain ;  and  although  that  fitle  may  be  the  exagger- 
ation of  national  partiality,  it  is  certain  that  no  living 
writer  has  shed  so  bright  a  lustre  on  Spanish  literature.'' 

To  myself,  aficionado  for  very  many  years  past 
to  the  language  and  the  "things  of  Spain,"  it  is 
a  pleasure  to  aid  in  calling  the  attention  of  novel- 
readers  to  a  writer  so  worthy  of  it  as  Fernan 
Caballero.  An  English  version  of  four  of  her 
stories,  by  Lady  Wallace,  including  the  Family  of 
Alvareda,  was  published  under  the  title  of  The 
Castle  and  the  Cottage  in  Spain,  by  Messrs.  Saun- 
ders, Otley,  &  Co.,  in  1861,  apparently  subse- 
quently to  the  appearance  of  the  review  above 
quoted,  as  the  latter  contains  no  allusion  to  this 
publication,  John  W.  Bone. 


Lectureship  (o'-i  S.  xi.  113.) — A  friend  has 
called  my  attention  to  a  paragraph  inserted  in 
No.  267  of  your  publication  of  the  9th  inst.,  in 
which  an  objection  is  made  to  the  use  of  the  word 
"Lectureship  "  in  the Di<blinUnive)-sitg  Calendar  as 
denoting  the  office  of  a  lecturer.  The  writer  of  the 
paragraph,  Mk.  C.  G.  Prowett,  complains  of  this 
use  of  the  word  as  a  deterioration  of  the  English 
language,  and  appears  inclined  to  fix  the  respon- 
sibility for  this  corruption  on  the  editor  of  the 
Dublin  Calendar.  Mr.  Prowett  observes  that 
the  word  violates  the  analogy  of  the  language, — 
a  fact  very  plain  and  obvious,  and  which  no  one 
can  for  a  moment  doubt ;  but  he  seems  to  have 
taken  no  pains  to  ascertain  7vhcn  the  word  which 
he  reprobates  was  first  used,  and  on  whose  autho- 
rity. On  referring  to  the  folio  edition  of  Dr. 
Johnson's  Dictionary/,  we  find  the  following  words : 
"  Lectureship,  the  office  of  a  lecturer  ;  "  and  the 
great  lexicographer  cites  the  following  passage 
from  Swift :  "  He  got  a  lectureship  of  sixty  pounds 
a-year,  when  he  preached  constantly  in  person." 

Again,  in  Knox's  Essays,  No.  117,  the  word  is 
used  more  than  once ;  e.  g.  "  Soon  after  my  arrival 
I  heard  of  a  vacant  lectureship."  "I  was  in- 
formed by  an  acquaintance  that  a  certain  clergyman 
in  the  city  was  about  to  resign  his  lectureship." 

Again,  in  the  Oxford  University  Calendar  for 
1855,  p.  75,  we  find'  the  following  :  "  Lee's  Lec- 
ture in  Anatomy. — An  Anatomical  Lectureship 
was  founded  about  the  year  1750." 

Once  more.  In  the  Cambridge  University  Calen- 
dar for  1815,  p.  153,  we  read  as  follows:  "The 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'«  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67. 


following   seventeen  Algebra  Lectureships   were 
founded  by  Lady  Sadler." 

The  above  examples  will  show  how  little_  rea- 
son Mr.  Proatett   had  in  making  his   criticism 
upon  the  etvmology  of  the  word  "lectureship" 
the  occasion 'of  a  sneer  against  an  Irish  univei-sity. 
Joseph  CAEsoi(r, 
Editor  of  the  Dublin  University  Calendar. 
Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

Dryden  Queries  (3'«  S.  xi.  135.)— The  second 
part  of  "Absalom  and  Achitophel"  is  in  the 
second  part  of  Miscellany  Poe?ns,  published  by 
Dryden,  4th  edition,  1716,  p.  9. 

the  Epilogue,  intended  to  have  been  spoken  by 
Lady  H,  M.  Wentworth,  is  stated  to  be  by 
Dryden,  in  the  first  part  of  Miscellany  Poems,  edi- 
tion as  above,  p.  112. 

The  lines  addressed  to  Waller,  which  C.  H. 
quotes,  occur  in  an  address  "  To  Mr.  Waller  upon 
the  copy  of  verses  made  by  himself  on  the  last 
copy  in  his  book;"  and  in  Johnson's  edition  of 
The  Poets  are  ascribed,  not  to  Dryden,  but  to 
Duke,  amono'st  whose  poems  they  are  printed. 
'  H.  P.D. 

CotJRLAND  (3^*  S.  X.  473.)— In  Bouillefs 
Dictionnaire  Universel  cVHistoire  de  Geographie,  it 
is  said  that  the  Duchy  of  Courlaud  became  sub- 
ject to  Poland  in  1561,  when  Gothard  Kettler, 
the  last  Grand  Master  of  the  Teutonic  Order  in 
Livonia,  yielded  the  rights  of  the  order  over 
Livonia  to  Sigismund  Augustus,  King  of  Poland 
and  was  made  Duke  of  Courlaud.  On  the  ex- 
tinction of  that  house,  about  1730,  John  Ernest 
Biren  was  made  duke,  by  the  influence  of  Anne, 
the  Duchess  Dowager  of  Courlaud,  who  then 
ascended  the  imperial  throne  of  Eussia.  On  the 
death  of  the  empress,  he  was  (1740)  made 
regent  of  the  empire,  but  was  quickly  over- 
thrown by  a  conspiracy  headed  by  Marshal  Mu- 
nich, and  sent  to  Siberia.  The  Empress  Elizabeth 
recalled  him  the  following  year,  and  the  Empress 
Catherine  restored  him  to  his  Duchy  of  Courland, 
which  he  resigned  to  his  son  Peter  in  1766,  who, 
in  his  turn,  resigned  it  in  1795,  after  which 
Catherine  united  Courland  to  the  Kussian  empire. 
Biren  was  the  son  of  a  peasant  of  Courland,  and 
owed  his  exaltation  to  the  love  which  Anne  con- 
ceived for  him.  L.  E. 

The  Brothers  Baxdiera  (3''^  S.  x.  492.)  —  I 
suspect  E.  F.  P.  must  be  a  rather  young  person,  or 
he  could  scarcely  be  ignorant  who  the  Bandieras 
were.  They  were  the  sons  of  the  Austrian  Ad- 
miral Bandiera,  and  themselves  in  the  Austrian 
navy.  They  lefb  the  service  to  join  in  an  enter- 
prise planned  by  Mazzini  to  effect  a  landing  on 
Calabria  with  the  same  object  as  Garibaldi  effected 
afterwards  in  1860.  They  were  taken  and  given 
up  to  the  Austrian  government,  and  by  it  very 


naturally  and  lawfully  put  to  death.  Had  this 
been  the  whole  of  the  affair,  they  would  probably 
have  been  no  more  thought  of  except  among  their 
associates ;  but  what  gave  them  a  European 
celebrity  was  the  discovery  that  their  arrest  was 
effected  by  the  agency  of  the  English  government 
in  opening  letters  addressed  to  their  friends  in 
England.  The  fraud  being  detected,  was  confessed 
by  the  government,  the  chief  parties  being  Sir 
James  Graham  and  Lord  Aberdeen,  though  the 
weight  of  public  reprobation  fell  on  the  former. 
This  was  in  July,  1844.  Mr.  Carlyle  addressed  a 
letter  to  The  Times  condemning  the  conduct  of  the 
government  with  just  severity,  terming  it  ''  dis- 
graceful," and  eulogising  the  character  of  Mazzini. 
The  Times,  which  took  the  most  opposite  side  on 
the  latter  subject,  entirely  agreed  with  him  on  the 
former,  and  strongly  urged  the  abolition  of  such  a 
power,  being  vested  in  government,  either  with  or 
without  the  frauds  used  to  conceal  it. 

Of  the  two  brothers  I  know  nothing  more  than 
that  the  elder  was  married,  and  I  think  had  two  chil- 
dren, who,  with  their  mother,  may  be  living  stiU. 
What  became  of  Admiral  Bandiera  I  do  not  know. 
Of  course  Mazzini  and  his  friends  could  give  full 
information  about  them  if  wanted ;  and,  in  a  lesser 
degree,  the  newspapers  of  July,  1844. 

Misapates. 
Royal  Effigies  {P,'"^  S.  x.  393,  460,  501.)— 
Mr.  Botjtell  enquires  respecting  the  probability 
of  the  efiigies  of  Plantagenet  Kings,  &c.,  at  Fon- 
tevrault,  being  presented  to  this  country.  I 
visited  the  abbey  (now  a  central  prison  for  eleven 
departments)  last  autumn,  and  was  informed  by 
the  military  ofiicial  who  acted  as  cicerone  that  an 
application  had  been  made  to  the  Emperor  to 
permit  their  removal,  but  that  it  was  too  repug- 
nant to  the  feelings  of  the  French  people,  who 
conceived  that  they  had  the  best  right  to  the 
effigies  of  pvinces  whose  dust  had  long  ago  com- 
mingled with  their  soil.  He  added  that  "the 
Queen  of  England,"  with  the  Imperial  sanction, 
had  sent  an  artist  to  take  models  of  the  fonr 
recumbent  figures,  but  that  having  been  detected 
in  making  copies  for  his  own  advantage,  he  was 
compelled  to  give  up  the  three  duplicates  he  had 
completed.  These  latter  (busts  only)  are  placed 
in  the  recess  of  the  small  window  of  ancient 
painted  glass  (a  relic  of  the  original  abbey),  which 
sheds  a  "dim  religious  light"  upon  the  effigies 
below.  These  retain  their  original  colouring, 
though  undoubtedly  retouched,  and  occupy  a  smaU 
transept  closed  with  strong  iron  bars  and  a  locked 
gate.  The  efiigy  of  Berengaria  at  Le  Mans  is 
imcoloured.  C.  L. 

Christopher  Collins  (3"^  S.  xi.  84.)— I  quite 
agree  with  your  correspondent,  Mr.  H.  T.  Riley, 
that  Sharon  Turner's  suga:estion  respecting  this 
official  of  Richard  III.  is  "fanciful"  indeed;  and 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


161 


I  will  go  farther,  and  say  it  is  simply  ridiculous. 
Nowhere  can  I  find  that  Christopher  Columbus 
■was  ever  in  England  at  all.  He  sent  his  brother 
Bartholomew  to  England,  in  1491-2,  to  neg6ciate 
with  Henry  VII.  for  employment,  but  without 
success,  for  in  the  meantime  Christopher  engaged 
in  the  service  of  Spain,  and  in  August,  1493,  he 
sailed  on  his  voyage  of  discovery. 

But  there  can  be  no  mistake  in  this  matter,  for, 
as  a  descendant  of  Christopher  Collins,  I  possess 
his  portrait,  painted  on  oak  pannel  by  Lucas  Cor- 
nelii,  in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Hen.  VIII., 
in  which  he  is  represented  as  standing  under  the 
portcullis  of  the  Castle  of  Queensborough,  with 
the  following  inscription,  in  large  letters,  painted 
over  the  door-veay : — "  Christoferus  Collins,  Con- 
stabularius  Castri  de  Queenbourgens :  20  Aug., 
ann.  2"^°  Eiccardi  III."  The  correctness  of  this 
date  is  verified  by  two  patents  or  grants  under  the 
seal  and  signature  of  Richard  III.,  copies  of  which 
I  possess  from  the  Record  Office,  one  being  the 
grant  of  the  Constableship  of  the  Castle,  with  a 
salary  of  twenty  marks,  payable  from  the  counties 
of  Essex  and  Hertfordshire  ;  the  other,  the  grant 
of  an  annuity  of  one  hundred  pounds  out  of  the 
revenues  of  the  port  of  Loudon.  Why,  there- 
fore, he  should  be  confounded  with  Christopher 
Colon,  or  Columbus,  I  cannot  imagine.  It  was 
hardly  likely  that  an  usurper  like  Richard  HI. 
would  have  placed  a  foreign  adventurer  in  the 
command  of  such  a  stronghold  as  Queenborough 
Castle,  more  especially  as  he  had  reason  to  expect 
a  landing  on  tliat  part  of  the  coast  from  his 
formidable  rival. 

I  am  sorry  that  I  am  unable  to  give  any  "  par- 
ticulars of  the  life  and  actions  of  my  ancestor," 
but  this  I  can  say,  that  from  his  portrait  he  looks 
very  little  like  a  Genoese,  but  very  much  like  a 
robust  and  sturdy  Anglo-Saxon ;  and  he  is  spoken 
of  in  the  patents  (as  if  dictated  by  Richard  him- 
self) as  a  faithful  and  trustworthy  servant,  "  who 
had,  in  times  past,  done  him  good  service." 

I  ought  to  add,  as  a  further  proof  of  identity, 
that  on  the  battlements  of  the  castle  is  exhibited 
a  scarlet  banner  with  the  arms  of  Collins — 
vert,  a  Grifiin  segreant  Or. 

C.  T.  Collins  Teelawny, 

Ham. 

Abbe  (3'-^  S.  xi.  95.)— Although,  in  strict  pro- 
priety, an  Abbe  is  the  superior  of  a  monastery, 
yet  it  has  become  customary  in  France  to  give  the 
title  of  Abbe  to  every  ecclesiastic,  even  if  he 
has  received  only  the  tonsure,  as  this  admits  him 
into  the  ranks  of  the  clergy,  and  entitles  him  to 
hold  a  simple  benefice.  The  queries,  then,  of 
O.  T.  D.  are  readily  answered.  1.  The  title  of 
Abbe  confers  no  distinction  except  that  of  a  clergy- 
man, and  no  emolument  of  itself,  though  it 
qualifies  for   a  benefice.     2.  An  Abbe   is  not  a 


parish  priest  in  virtue  of  his  title  of  Abbe,  but 
every  parish  priest  is  entitled  to  be  called  an  Abbe. 
3.  An  Abbe,  as  above  explained,  is  not  necessarily 
a  priest  at  all.  The  title  of  Abbe  in  France 
corresponds  very  much  to  the  title  of  Reverend  in 
England.  F.  C.  H. 

Jolly  (3'-'^  S.  x.  509.)— It  is  not  a  little  sin- 
gular that,  though  the  word  "jolly,"  in  one  form 
or  other,  is  of  frequent  occurrence  in  Chaucer,  it 
does  oiot  occur  in  the  passage  quoted  from  that 
author  by  your  correspondent — so  f^',  at  least,  as 
the  following  editions  are  concerned,  viz.,  Ander- 
son's Works  of  the  British  Poets  (1795)  ;  Chaucer's 
Canterbury  Tales,  edited  by  Thomas  Tyrwhitt 
(2nd  ed.  1798)  ;  The  Aldim  ^Edition  of  the  British 
Poets  (1852).  In  place  of  "joly,"  these  all  give 
"  holy,"  the  entire  passage  being  as  follows : — 

"  For  holy  chirches  good  mote  ben  despended 
On  holy  chirches  blood  that  is  descended. 
Therfore  he  wolde  his  holy  blood  honoure, 
Though  that  he  holy  chirche  shuld  devoure." 

Perhaps  one  of  the  earliest  instances  of  the  use 
of  this  word  is  the  following,  from  Robert  of 
Gloucester  : — "  Natheles  he  [Edmunde  Irenside] 
was  a  is.ive,joli/f,  yong  man." 

The  following  curious  paragraph  appeared  in  the 
Header  some  few  months  ago  :  — 

"  Slang.— Old  usages  of  modem  slang  words  turn  up 
in  unexpected  quarters  sometimes.  Most  of  us  think 
that  the  word  'jolly,'  in  the  sense  of  veri/,  exiremeli/,  is  of 
recent  date ;  but  in  a  serious  theological  work  of  two 
hundred  years  ago,  John  Trapp's  Commentary  on  the  Old 
and  New  Testament  (London,  1656-7),  we  read — 'All 
was  jolly  quiet  at  Ephesus  before  St.  Paul  came  thither.' 
We  have  heard  the  same  phrase  from  a  schoolboy's  mouth 
applied  to  a  maiden  aunt's  tea-party." 

A  centuiy  earlier,  North,  in  his  translation  of 
PbdarcVs  Lives,  uses  the  word  thus : — "  It  [the 
wind,  which  some  call  ccecias']  bloweth  a  Jolly  cool 
wind."  Langhorne  (1810)  more  correctly  renders 
the  same  Greek  words  (^iSicrros  iireiri^ei),  "  bleiv  a 
most  agreeable  gale."  In  the  above  passages,  is 
the  word  really  used  advijrbially  ?  In  the  follow- 
ing, from  South  —  "He  catches  at  an  apple  of 
Sodom,  which,  though  it  may  entertain  his  eye 
with  a  florid,  jo/;)/  white  and  red,  yet,"  &c.  —  the 
term  is  used  adjectively  (vide  Johnson).  I  am 
not  aware  that  any  lexicographer  has  given  the 
word  as  an  adverb.  J.  B.  Shaw. 

_  U  P  K  SPELLS  Goslings  (S'"''  S.  xi.  57.)— This 
is  a  boyish  phrase  to  insult  a  loser  at  play,  mean- 
ing. Up  with  your  pair,  or  peg,  the  mark  of  the 
goal.  In  addition,  the  winner  made  a  hole  in  the 
ground,  into  which  a  peg  of  three  inches  long  was 
driven,  its  top  being  driven  into  the  earth :  the 
loser,  with  hands  tied  behind,  was  to  draw  it  out 
with  his  teeth,  the  boys  bufieting  him  with  hats, 
calling  out,  "  Up  pick,  you  May  gosling,"  or 
*'U  P  K,  you  gosling  in  May,"  a  May  gosling 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67. 


being  equivalent  in  the  north  of  England  to  an 
April  fool  in  the  south.  If  the  extract  be  too 
long  and  too  little  interesting,  SHENNOif  may  be 
referred  to  Brady's  Varieties  of  Literature,  p.  16. 

J.  A.  G. 
Carisbrooke. 

Caricatures  (S''^  S.  xi.  75.) — North  was  the 
caricaturist  who  used  the  compass  with  the  fleur- 
de-lis  as  his  monogram.  I  am  not  sure  which 
North,  but  hope  I  have  put  J.  C.  J.  on  the  right 
scent.  f*-  P- 

Rtjshton  (S"''' S.  xi.  77.)  —  Rushton  is,  I  be- 
lieve, a  village  about  four  miles  from  Kettering. 
Rushton  Hall  is  now  the  property  of  William 
Capel  Clarke-Thornhill,  Esq.,  and  was  built  by 
Sir  Thomas  Tresham,  father  of  I^rancis  Tresham, 
of  Gunpowder  Plot  notoriety.  Once  a  Week  (vol. 
vi.  p.  55)  gives  a  sketch  of  the  families  who  have 
held  the  manor  since  that  period. 

Henry  Baihurst. 

Gressenhall,  Norfolk. 

J.  Russell,  R.A.  (S'O  S.  ix.  237,  308.)— In  the 
reading-room  of  the  Hull  Subsci-iption  Library  is 
a  portrait  "  of  Dr.  Birkbeck,  painted  and  presented 
in  1805  by  .John  Russell,  R.A."  (Sheahan's  His- 
tory of  Ihdl,  1861,  p.  496).  To  this  I  may  add 
tliat,  in  the  middle  aisle  of  the  chancel  of  Holy 
Trinity  Church  here,  is  this  inscription  :  — 

IL  Pjriy  ^{  "  Under  this  stone  are  deposited 

' '    ^^^^'*^  ^  ■  the  Remains  of  that  eminent  Artist, 

n.oJCK-  loHN-  Russell,  Esq.,  R.A. 

He  was  born  at  Guildford  in  Surrey, 

(rT-v(  I  ^"^"^  resided  in  London  ; 

^    ^  but  died,  while  on  a  visit,  in  this  place, 

UJLt  \  April  20'",  1806  ;  aged  61  years. 

^           "  '  Them  also  that  sleep  in  Jesus,  shall  God 


/^^t"-^  .' 


brin.ff  with  him.' — 1  Thess.  iv.  14. 


W.  C.  B. 


WooDEK  Effigy  of  a  Priest  (3'*  S.  xi.  54.) — 
I  am  sorry  to  inform  Mr.  J.  Piggot,  Jun.,  the 
eifigy  iu  the  vaults  of  All  Saints'  Church,  Derby, 
is  now  too  much  decayed  to  be  capable  of  restora- 
tion. I  believe  it  was  removed  from  the  church, 
and  exhibited  to  the  members  of  the  Archfeo- 
logical  Society  at  their  meeting  held  in  Derby  in 
the  year  1851,  and  was  then  in  a  much  better 
state  of  preservation.  A  part  of  the  front  of  the 
tomb  on  which  the  effigy  lay,  representing  thirteen 
monks  in  their  habits,"carved  in  oak,  and  in  ex- 
cellent preservation,  now  forms  tlie  front  of  a 
reading-desk,  placed  near  the  east  entrance  into 
the  church.  The  remaining  portion  was  probably 
destroyed  or  carried  away  at  the  time  the  desk 
was  made. 

The  church  contains  many  beautiful  monu- 
ments, in  a  good  state  of  preservation;  and  of 
vfhich  I   have  for   some   time  been   engaged  in 


taking  accurate  sketches,  drawn  to  scale,  as  well 
as  of  those  remaining  in  other  churches  in  the 
county  of  Derby,  which  I  hope  to  publish  at  some 
future  time  Avheu  the  series  is  complete. 

J.  B.  ROBINSOX. 
Derbj'. 

Eglinton  TouRXAME^-I  (S-^"  S.  X.  223  ;  xi.  21.) 
Whilst  one  correspondent  quotes  the  Ingoldshy 
Legends  in  connection  with  "Sir  Campbell  of 
Saddell,"  another  omits  him  altogether  from  the 
list  of  Knights ;  inserting  in  lieu  of  him  Mr.  Gil- 
mont.  whose  name  I  did  not  give  in  my  first  note 
on  the  subject. 

A  list  of  Knights  and  Esquires  appears  in  the 
Gentleman'' s  Magazine  for  1839  (p.  415),  where 
.the  Black  Knight  is  John  Campbell  of  Saddell j 
and  Mr.  Gilmont  is  not  named. 

In  The  Times,  August  31,  and  September  2 
and  3,  1839,  will  be  found  full  details  of  the 
Tournament ;  and  there  likewise  the  Black  Knight 
is  Mr.  Campbell  of  Saddell.  S.  P.  V. 

Archbishop  Juxox  (3^^  S.  xi.  94.) — The  para- 
graph relating  to  Bishop  Juxon's  King  Charles's 
Bible,  quoted  by  Mr.  May'er  from  a  Gloucester 
paper,  is  in  reality  taken  verbatim  from  the 
"  Table  Talk  "  of  The  Guardian,  where  it  appeared 
about  a  month  ago.  This  is  not,  I  fear,  the  first 
time  that  the  said  Gloucester  paper  has  played 
the  pai't  of  a  literarj'-  pirate.  I  may  add,  that  a 
full  account  of  Bishop  Juxon  and  the  Royal  Bible, 
with  an  exquisite  illustration,  is  to  be  found  in 
the  current  number  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine. 
Suuii  CUIQTTE. 

Rev.  IL  Godfrey  (3'-'»  S.  x.  393.) —The 
'•Joshua  King,  B.A.,"  who  appealed  against  this 
gentleman's  election  as  President  of  Queens'  (not 
Queen's),  Cambridge,  was  afterwards  his  successor, 
dying  in  1856  or  1857.  P.  J.  F.  Gaxtillon. 

Lord  Coke  and  the  Court  of  Star  Cham- 
ber (3"*  S.  xi.  10.) — Lord  Coke  in  the  first  place 
favoured  the  opinions  of  Lord  Hobart,  Sir  Thomas 
Smith,  Mr.  Hudson,  and  other  "ancients,"  that 
the  Court  of  Star  Chamber  was  of  ancient  in- 
stitution, before  the  statute  of  Henry  YII.  Lord 
Bacon,  Plowden,  and  some  modern  historians, 
however,  have  differed  from  him,  and  have  im- 
pugned the  cases  with  which  Coke  supported 
those  opinions. 

As  to  Lord  Coke's  opinion  of  the  poicer  and 
legalitg  of  the  Court,  it  must  be  noted  that  he 
practised  in  the  Court,  filed  informations  there 
as  Attorney-General,  and  sat  there  as  a  Judge. 
It  is  added  that  "  he  strained  the  powers  of  the 
Court  to  the  utmost."  One  would  not  therefore 
expect  that  he  would  take  a  different  view  in  his 
writings  ;  yet  there  have  been  lawyers  who,  on 
comparing  his  practice  and  judgments  in  the  Star 


3'd  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


163 


Chamber  witli  liis  Institutes,  have  cliarged  him 
TV'ith  inconsistency. 

lu  the  Liber  Fameliciis,  Sir  James  Whiteloek 
gives  a  conversation  with  Lord  Coke  :  — 

"  I  asked  him  why  he  stayed  not  at  the  Court  to 
dynner.  He  told  me  tliat  whilest  he  stood  by  the  King  at 
dynner,  he  wolde  be  ever  asking  of  him  questions  of  that 
nature  that  he  had  as  life  be  out  of  the  room,  and  that 
made  him  be  as  far  of  as  he  mighte  ever  at  sutehe  times. 
I  gesse  it  was  concerning  matters  of  his  prerogative, 
whiche  the  King  wolde  take  ill  if  he  wear  not  answered 
in  them  as  he  wolde  have  it." 

We  must  have  some  pitj^  for  poor  Lord  Coke 
in  his  attempt  to  serve  tv?o  masters. 

John  S.  BuRiSr. 
The  Grove,  Henley. 

"  Not  lost,  but  gone  befoke  "  (.3"'''  S.  x.  404, 
400.) — I  think  the  origin  of  this  expression  may 
be  traced  back  to  an  earlier  date  than  that  of 
Cyprian.  In  the  epistles  of  Seneca  (63,  ad  fin?), 
M'e  find  him  consoling  Lucilius  for  the  loss  of  his 
friend  Flaccus,  and  he  closes  with  these  remark- 
able words  : — "  Cogitemus  ergo,  Liicili  carissime, 
cito  nos  eo  perventuros,  quo  ilium  pervenisse 
mosremus.  Et  fortasse,  si  modo  vera  sapientum 
fama  est,  recipitque  nos  locus  aliquis,  quern  puta- 
mffs  2)(^risse,  prcsmissus  est?''  Sciscitatok. 

Song  (3''»  S.  xi.  96.)  —When  I  was  a  child, 
my  mother,  who  was  born  in  1785,  and  who  was 
a  native  of  Suffolk,  used  to  sing  the  following. 
She  was  never  in  Scotland  in  her  life,  and  rarely 
out  of  her  own  county. 

"  When  Adam  he  first  was  created 

Lord  of  the  universe  round, 

His  happiness  was  not  completed 

Till  for  him  a  helpmate  was  found. 

When  Adam  was  laid  in  soft  slumber, 

'Twas  then  he  lost  part  of  his  side, 

And  when  he  awakened,  with  wonder 

He  beheld  his  most  beautiful  bride. 

She  was  not  made  out  of  his  head.  Sir, 

To  rule  and  to  govern  the  man ; 
Xor  was  she  made  out  of  his  feet,  Sir, 

By  man  to  be  trampled  upon. 
He  had  oxen,  and  foxes  for  hunting. 
And  all  that  was  pleasant  in  life  ; 
Yet  still  his  Almighty  Creator 

Thought  that  he  wanted  a  wife. 
But  she  did  come  forth  from  his  side,  Sir, 

His  equal  and  partner  to  be ; 
And  now  they  are  coupled  together. 
She  oft  proves  the  top  of  the  tree."    ' 

G.  F. 
In  "  N.  &  Q."  appears  a  query  signed  J.  G.  B., 
referring  to  the  fragment  of  a'  ballad.  I  beg  to 
inform  the  gentleman,  through  you,  that  he  will 
find  the  entire  song  in  a  little  volume  entitled 
Ballads  and  Songs  of  the  Peasantry  of  Enc/land,  by 
James  Henry  Dixon,  edited  by  Robert  Bell,  which 
is  published  by  Charles  Griffin  &  Co.,  Stationers' 
Hall  Court,  London.  I     L  '^       '  ■*    Ayoy."' 

17.  Pearson  Street,  Hull.  \'  ^  reTf-^- 

/  J*.       ' 


'^^l^elj.  t^U. 


LoKB  Peovosts  of  Edinburgh  (3'"''  S.  xi.  55.) 
Full  particulars  as  to  the  Town  Coimcil  of  Edin- 
burgh, and  the  office-bearers  thereof,  will  be  found 
in  the  work  entitled  An  Historical  Sketch  of  the 
Mimicijial  Constitution  of  the  City  of  Edinburyh, 
12mo,  1820.  Archibald  JVIacaulay  appears  to 
have  filled  various  offices  in  the  Council  from 
1724  to  1750.  The  "  antiquarian  bookseller  " 
(Stevenson)  in  Edinburgh  has,  I  think,  copies  of 
the  work  for  sale.  T.  G.  S. 

Edinburgh. 

Shelley's  ''  Adonais  "  (3'<i  S.  x.  494  ;  xi.  44.) 
Your  correspondent,  Mr.  Jonathan  Bouchier, 
is  in  all  probability  right  in  his  opinion  that 
Lord  Byron,  not  Wordsworth,  is  the  person  re- 
ferred to  in  the  30th  stanza  as  '•'  The  Pilgrim  of 
Eternity."  The  lines  themselves,  I  think,  show 
that  your  correspondent  J.  W.  J.'s  theory  can 
hardly  be  correct.  Shelley  says  of  the  personage 
he  is  alluding  to,  that  his — 

"  Fame 
Over  his  living  head  like  Heaven  is  bent. 
An  early  but  enduring  monument." 

Wordsworth's  "  fame  "  in  1821,  when  Adonais 
was  written,  was  on  the  horizon,  where  it  lingered 
for  many  a  long  year  before  ascending,  and  it 
approached  the  zenith  only  when  he  was  an  elderly 
man.  Jeffreys'  crushing  article  in  the  Edinburgh 
Review  on  The  Excursion,  published  in  1814  (as 
Dr.  Ferrier  says),  "  kept  Wordsworth  for  twenty 
years  out  of  his  just  inheritance  of  fame.*'  It 
certainly  seems  that  Shelley's  lines  cannot  apply 
to  him. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  first  two  cantos  of 
Childe  HarokTs  Pilgrimage  were  published  in  1812, 
when  Byron  was  in  his  twenty-fourth  year  only  ; 
and  the  third  and  fourth  cantos  in  1816  and  1818 
respectively.  Truly  an  ''  early  monument."  Nor 
must  we  omit  to  consider  the  friendship  and  great 
admiration  of  Shelley  for  the  latter  poet. 

The  prophetic  nature  of  the  last  verse  in  this 
magnificent  elegy,  adverted  to  by  J.  W.  J.,  is 
noticed  by  Lady  Shelley  in  her  Notes  on  the  Poems 
of  1822.  W.  S.  J. 

Malmesburj'. 

"Blood  is  thicker  than  Water"  (3"^  S.  xi. 
04.) — I  can  only  offer  it  as  a  suggestion,  but  may 
not  this  proverbial  expression  allude  to  the 
spiritual  relationship  which,  according  to  the  doc- 
trine of  the  Romish  Church,  is  created  between 
a  sponsor  and  the  child  whom  he  brings  to  the 
waters  of  baptism  ?  A  relationship  by  blood 
would  probably  be  more  thought  of  than  one 
originating  in  water.  The  word  "  thick,"  in  vul- 
gar parlance,  is  often  used  to  express  close  con- 
nection, as,  for  example,  "  So  and  so  are  very 
thick,"  meaning  that  they  are  very  intimate. 

E.  M'C. 


h^i^   (J^'ft 


164 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI,  Feb.  23,  '67. 


Fallhstg  Stars  (3^'^  S.  xi.  32.)— I  believe  that 
it  is  not  only  in  Franconia  and  Saxony,  but  also 
in  France  and  elsewhere,  that  the  falling  stars  of 
the  10th  of  August  are  known  as  the  tears  of  St, 
Lawrence,  But  how  can  this  belief  have  existed 
for  ages  as  connected  with  this  particular  day, 
when  the  change  of  the  calendar,  known  as  the 
New  Style,  must  have  thrown  back  the  fete  by 
twelve  days  ?  Surely  the  meteors  have  not  ac- 
commodated themselves  to  the  change  of  style. 

E.  *M'C. 

Chkistmas  "Box":  its  Etxmologt  (3'''^  S.  x, 
470,  502  ;  xi.  65.)— Bishop  Heber  thought,  as  Dr. 
Kelsall  thinks  now,  that  the  term  "  Christmas 
box"  might  have  been  derived  from  hagshish  (one 
of  the  various  ways  in  which  travellers  write  the 
word).  However,  while  mentioning  this,  I  must 
add  that  it  has  appeared  to  me  more  likely  that 
the  term  is  to  be  traced  to  the  fact  that  the  money 
was  originally  put  in  a  box. 

John  Hoskyks-Abeahall,  Juk. 

Burning  Hair  (3'-'J  S.  x.  146  ;  xi.  66.)  —  The 
following  extract  from  Depositions  from  York 
Castle  (Surtees  Society),  p.  65,  may  not  be  with- 
out interest :  — 

"  Ann  Greene  saith,  that  she  sometimes  useth  a  charme 
for  cureing  the  heart  each,  and  used  it  twice  in  one  night 
unto  John  Tatterson  of  Gargreave,  by  crosseinge  a  garter 
over  his  eare,  and  sayeinge  these  words,  '  Boate,  a  God's 
name^  nine  times  over.  Likewise  for  paines  in  the  head 
she  requires  their  water  and  a  locke  of  their  heire,  the 
■which  she  boyles  together,  and  afterwards  throwes  them 
in  the  fire  and  burnes  them  ;  and  medles  nott  with  any 
other 


The  volume  named  contains  other  curious  re- 
ferences to  the  use  and  efficacy  of  hair  in  like 
cases.    For  instance,  one  witch  says  to  another  — 

"  If  thou  canst  but  gett  young  Thomas  Haigh  to  buy 
thee  three  pennyworth  of  indicoe,  and  look  him  in  the 
face  when  hee  gives  it  thee,  and  touch  his  locks,  wee  shall 
have  power  enough  to  take  life."— 76.  p.  209. 

And  again  — 

"  3Iark  Humble  further  saith  that  his  mother,  Margaret 
Humble,  then  lyeing  not  well,  Isabell  Thompson  tooke 
some  of  her  haire  to  medicine  her." 

J.  C.  Atkinson-, 

Danby  in  Cleveland, 

Notice  of  a  remarkable  Sword  (S"^  S.  xi. 
51.)— Your  correspondent  Mr.  Smith  has  made  a 
strange  mistake  regarding  the  possible  history  of 
this  sword.  Sir  Cloudesley  Shovel  (in  the  Asso- 
ciation) was  lost  on  the  Bishop  on  October  22, 
1707.  Queen  Anne  did  not  die  till  August  1, 
1714 :  it  is  therefore  impossible  that  any  sword  of 
honour  presented  to  Sir  Cloudesley  could  have 
been  marked  with  the  royal  cipher  "  G.  R." 

Perhaps  Sir  Charles  Saunders  might  better 
answer  the  conditions.  Sir  Charles  received  the 
thanks  of  Parliament  on  his  return  from  the  St. 


Lawrence  in  1760,  Captain  Douglas  of  the  Al- 
cide,  who  brought  home  the  admiral's  despatches 
after  the  capture  of  Quebec,  had  500^.  given  him 
for  a  sword;  and  it  seems  far  from  improbable 
that  the  king  or  some  public  or  corporate  body 
gave  the  admiral  himself  a  sword  about  the  same 
time. 

Is  there  anything  in  the  cipher  that  puts  its 
standing  for  George  II.  out  of  the  question  ? 
"  Gr.  R."  with  a  crown  over  was  freely  used  by  (I 
believe)  all  the  Georges.  But,  at  any  rate,  the 
Georgian  cipher  conclusively  decides  that  the 
sword  was  not  Sir  Cloudesley  Shovel's, 

S.  H.  M. 

H.M.S.  Glatton  (3-^^  S.  x.  305.)— WiU  Mr. 
CiTTHBERT  Bede  explain  why  he  calls  the  Glatton 
Admiral  Wells'  ship  ? 

The  Glatton  is  first  mentioned  in  history  in  a 
despatch  of  Sir  Edward  Vernon's,  dated  Aug.  16, 
1778,  ofi"  Sadras  :  — 

"  I  sailed  from  Madras  on  the  29th  past  with 
the  Valentine  and  Glatton,  India  ships.    On  the  31st, 
finding  the  Glatton  a  bad  sailor  and  ill- equipped,  I  ordered 
her  back  to  Madras." 

She  was  purchased  by  government  in  1795, 
and  was  at  once  commissioned  by  Captain,  after- 
wards Sir  Henry,  TroUope,  at  whose  suggestion 
she  was  armed  with  68-pounder  carronades,  and 
under  whose  command  she  fought  a  very  gallant 
action  alone  against  a  squadron  of  six  French 
frigates  on  July  15,  1796. 

Vice-Admiral  Thomas  Wells,  who  died  at 
Holme  in  1811,  never  had  any  connection  with 
the  Glatton  after  she  was  bought  into  the  service. 
Was  he,  then,  owner  or  part  owner  of  her  before 
that,  or  was  he  a  director  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, or  was  it  possibly  the  father  of  the  vice- 
admiral — who,  amongst  other  things,  was  a  director 
of  Greenwich  Hospital — that  had  her  christened 
Glatton?  The  name  points  to  some  connection 
with  the  Wells'  family.     But  what  ? 

In  a  matter  of  trifling  and  perhaps  technical  de- 
tail Mr.  Cuthbeet  Bede  is  mistaken.  The  present 
Glatton — though  ugly  enough — is  not  a  gun-boat. 
She  is  one  of  a  brood  of  monsters  that  came  into 
existence  during  the  Russian  war — an  iron-clad 
floating  battery,  S,  H,  M. 

Block  on  which  Charles  I,  avas  beheaded 
(3"*  S,  xi.  54.)  —  If  the  block  on  which  poor 
Charles  I,  "bowed  his  comely  head  and  died"  is 
still  in  existence,  it  might  be  easily  identified  by 
the  iron  staples  (or  the  marks  of  them)  which 
were  fixed  on  its  sides  for  the  purpose  of  forcing 
him  down  in  the  event  of  his  ofiering  the  resist- 
ance which   was   evidently  apprehended  by  his 


On  January  29,  the   day  before   the    king's 
State  Trials,  i.  997,  6  vols,  fol,  ed,  1730, 


3rd  S.  XI.  Feb.  23, 'C7.  J 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


165 


death,  there  was  a  meeting  of  the  ''High  Court 
of  Justice,"  forty-eight  commissioners  being  pre- 
sent, when  the  warrant  for  the  execution  was 
signed  by  the  regicides,  and  at  the  same  time  an 
order  was  issued  for  the  "  bright  execution  axe" 
being  brought  from  the  Tower  for  use  on  the 
occasion.  As  this  order,  however,  did  not  include 
the  block,  probability  is  added  to  the  circum- 
stances mentioned  by  your  correspondent.  Bishop 
Juxon  could  not  have  taken  away  the  Tower 
block,  which  indeed  is  still  to  be  seen  there,  but 
in  all  likelihood  would  have  had  little  difficulty 
in  possessing  himself  of  a  relic  of  his  dead  master 
fraught  with  such  mournful  interest  to  him  as  the 
one  in  question.  The  following  is  a  transcript  of 
the  order  alluded  to  above :  — 

"It  was  Ordered,  that  the  OiScers  of  the  Ordnance 
within  the  Tower  of  London,  or  any  other  Officer  or  Offi- 
cers of  the  Store  within  the  said  Tower,  in  whose  Hands 
or  Custody  the  bright  Execution  Ax,  for  the  executing 
Malefactors,  is,  do  forthwith  deliver  unto  Edward  Dendy, 
Esq"",  Serjeant-at-Arms  attending  this  Court,  or  his  De- 
•  puty  or  Deputies,  the  said  Ax.  And  for  their,  or  either 
of  their  so  doing,  this  shall  be  their  warrant.* 
"  To  Col.  John  White  or  any  other 

Officer  within  the  Tower  of 

•London  whom  it  concerneth." 

.     H.  A.  Kennedy. 
Gay  Street,  Bath. 

Rev.  ELenry  Best  (.3'-''  S.  xi.  57.)— Besides  the 
works  which  you  have  enumerated  in  your  note 
on  this  gentleman,  he  was  author  of  a  pamphlet 
entitled  — 

"  The  Christian  Religion  defended  against  the  Philoso- 
phers and  Republicans  of  France,"  8vo,  1793. 

He  also  published,  under  the  imprimatur  of  the 
Vice- Chancellor  — 

"  Sermon  on  John  xx.  23,  preached  before  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford,"  8vo,  1793. 

This  sermon,  in  which  the  doctrine  of  priestly 
absolution  is  asserted  and  defended,  occasioned 
considerable  sensation  at  Oxford ;  but,  as  the  au- 
thor remarks,  his  "  conversion  to  the  Catholic 
faith  four  years  and  a  half  afterwards,  rendered  it 
worse  than  useless  to  the  cause  of  Anglican  ab- 
solution."    Dr.  Parr  wrote  in  his  copy  — 

"  Mr.  Best  was  a  very  good  scholar.  He  became  con- 
scientiously a  member  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  honor- 
ably resigned  his  fellowship. — Bib.  Parry 

This  sermon  is  reprinted,  with  notes,  in  the  very 
amusing  volume  by  the  same  author,  entitled  Per- 
sonal and  Literary  Memorials,  where  will  also  be 
found  his  "  Conversations  of  Paley." 

An  accoimt  of  his  conversion  to  the  Roman 
Catholic  faith  is  prefixed  to  his  volume  Four 
Years  in  France,  Loudon,  1826. 

WzLLiAM  Bates. 

Binningham. 

*  State  Triah,  i,  996,  6  vols.  fol.  ed.  1730. 

^JJX    !  '-'    S      /  1.     .    -i  1  -^   .     ^    -  . 


False  Hair  (S''*  S.  xi.  55.)  —  Jewish_  girls 
were  always  and  are  still  proud  of  their  coifture, 
and  make  the  greatest  display  with  their  hair. 
The  custom  of  wearing  the  latter  false,  of  course 
only  by  married  Jewesses,  originated  thus  : — Very 
orthodox  Jewish  wives  have  a  great  dislike  to 
show  their  hair,  not  from  religious  precept,  but 
by  custom,  which  abeady  betrays  itself  in  the 
Levitical  injunction  of  the  "  bitter  waters  of  jea- 
lousy." When  the  infidelity  of  the  wife  is  to  be 
proved,  the  priest  uncovers  the  woman's  head, 
evidently  a  mark  of  disgrace  (Numbers,  v.  18). 

In  former  centuries  the  first  act  of  a  married 
Jewish  woman  was  to  closely  cover  her  head,  so 
that  no  hair  might  be  visible  :  and  the  false  hair 
was  only  a  compromise,  aud  the  first  step  to 
modernize  :  not  wishing  to  cover  the  head  com- 
pletely as  in  ancient  times,  and  yet  not  desirous 
of  showing  her  own  hair,  the  Hebrew  matron 
adopted  the  peruke  in  lieu  of  her  own  coifture,  as 
a  kind  of  go-between. 

However,  this,  like  many  other  Oriental  cus- 
toms not  connected  with  the  fundamental  divine 
faith  of  Israel,  is  fast  becoming  obsolete.  It  may 
linger  yet  in  Strasburg,  as  it  does  in  many  other 
places,  though  Alsace,  like  Poland,  exceptionally 
perhaps,  contains  Hebrews  of  the  most  orthodox 
type.  I  dare  not  omit  to  mention  one  thing  :  the 
covering  of  the  hair  is  not  coercion  on  the  part  of 
the  husband,  for  I  am  personally  acquainted  with 
ladies  who  persist  in  maintaining  this  custom  con- 
trary to  the  wish  of  their  "  lords  and  masters."  In 
fact  it  is  the  Jewish  wife,  more  particularly  than 
the  husband,  who  preserves  and  imparts  to  her 
"young  ideas  "  the  minutiae'  of  Hebrew  custom ; 
and  indeed  many  a  Jewish  belle,  who  figm-es  pro- 
minently in  the  baU-room  and  opera-box,  main- 
tains in  her  own  four  walls  such  of  the  ancient 
rites  as  would  not  call  a  blame  from  even  a  Pha- 
risee of  the  Pharisees.         Baron  Lotjis  Benas. 

Liverpool. 

The  Wooden  Horse  (S'^"  S.  xi.  97.)  —  This 
instrument  of  punishment  was  in  use  in  the  old 
City  Guard  of  Edinburgh.  See  Kay's  Edin- 
burgh Portraits,  vol.  i.  p.  429,  where  there  is  an 
engraving  of  a  delinquent  xmder  suftering,  sitting 
astride  on  the  wooden  horse,  and  having  a  gun 
tied  to  each  foot,  morS*  calculated  to  excite 
laughter  than  compassion.  G. 

Edinburgh. 

"  Pinkerton's  Correspondence  "  :  George 
Robertson  (3"^  S.  x.  387,  496  ;  xi.  80.)  —  Since 
I  sent  my  communication  (xi.  81),  I  find,  upon 
making  some  little  inquiry,  that  I  must  confess 
J.  M.  (x.  387)  is  correct  in  respect  to  the  name 
of  the  writer  of  the  letter,  the  error  being  that  of 
the  editor,  Mr.  Dawson  Turner.  George  Robert- 
son (the  author)  was,   I  learn,  for  many  years 


166 


XOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Si-d  S.  XL  Feb.  23, 


factor  on  the  estates  of  Lord  Arbuthuott  in  Kin- 
cardineshire ;  afterwards,  he  became  factor  to  the 
Earl  of  Egliuton  in  Ayrshire.  These  circum- 
stances fully  account  for  his  publications  as  to 
Ivincardines'hire  and  Ayrshire,  &c.  T.  G.  S, 

Etliiibuvgh. 

Orange  Flowers,  a  Bride's  Decoration  (S"^ 
S.  xi.  45.) — ifr.  Timbs,  in  Things  not  generally 
Known,  says :  — 

"  The  use  of  these  flowers  at  bridals  is  said  to  be  de- 
rived from  the  Saracens,  or  at  least  from  the  East,  and 
they  are  believed  to  have  been  thus  employed  as  emblems 
of  fecundity." 

In  answer  to  the  objections  of  Jtjxta  Turrim, 
I  would  say  that  the  introduction  of  the  orange 
into  England  was  not  subsequent  to  the  days  of 
chivalry.  There  is  clear  proof  that  orange  trees 
were  growing  in  England  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
yil.  French  milliners  would  not,  I  think,  have 
selected  the  orange  flower.  It  is  not  a  beautiful 
flower — certainly  inferior  to  white  roses,  lilies  of 
the  valley,  snowdrops,  and  other  things  -which 
may  be  regarded  as  appropriate.  It  was  a  uni- 
versal mediteval  custom  to  wear  wreaths  of  flowers 
at  weddings,  and  very  natural  it  would  be  in  the 
South  of  Europe  to  use  the  orange  blossom  for 
the  pm-pose.  The  flower  and  its  use  were  both 
probably  introduced  to  this  country  together. 

P.  E.  Masey. 

The  Virgin  Mart,  and   Books,   CnuRcnES, 

•fee.    DEDICATED    TO    HER    (3'^   S.   X.   447;    xi.   23, 

06.)— F.  C.  H.  misapprehends  me.  I  stated  a  fact, 
not  an  obj  ection.  Nor  am  I  unaware  that  in  Nelson's 
Fasts  and  Festivals  of  the  Church  of  England  the 
pious  author  uses  the  phrase,  "  Mother  of  God :  " 
I  quote  from  the  edition  of  1708.  Nor  yet  am  I 
ignorant  that  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  John 
Keble's  poems  in  the  Christian  Tear  has  the 
phrases,  "  Ave  Maria,  Blessed  Maid,"  "Ave  Maria, 
Mother  Blest," 

'•  Ave  Maria,  thou  whose  name 
All  but  adoring  love  may  claim." 

William  Wing. 
Steeple  Aston,  Oxford. 

The  Dawson  Family  (S-^"  S.  xi.  21.)  — D.  P. 
calls  upon  the  writer  of  the  article  in  the  "  local 
paper"  (Xcwcastle Dailg  Chronicle)  for  "the  name 
of  the  wife."  Unfamiliar  with  heraldry  myself, 
I  have  referred  the  inquiry  to  a  well-informed 
friend,  who  says  he  should  think  the  arms,  de- 
scribed as  a  fess  engrailed  between  three  wyverns' 
or  dragons'  heads  erased,  to  be  those  of  Hall,  a 
Tvell-known  Newcastle  family  (Argent,  a  fess  en- 
grailed between  three  griftbns'  heads  erased,  sable). 
He  adds  that  the  arms  of  Dawson  (Azure,  on  a 
Lend  engrailed.  Argent,  three  daws  proper,)  occur 
on  two  monuments  in  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas, 
Newcastle  (viz.,  on  that  of  Thomas  Dawson,  who 
died   before  1736,   and   on   that   erected  bv  his 


daughter  Dorothy  to  the  memory  of  her  distin- 
guished husband,  Matthew  Duane,  of  Lincoln's 
inn).  The  Writer. 

Newcastle. 

"Advocate  of  Revealed  Truth,"  &c.  (S""  S. 
X.  509.) — I  have  reason  to  believe  the  publication 
never  went  bej-ond  six  numbers,  and  that  it 
appeared  first  about  the  time  the  sect  known  as 
Separatists  was  formed  in  Dublin.  It  is  probable 
that  I  may  give  more  exact  information  in  a  short 
time.  C.  M.  E. 

"The  Lazar-house  of  Human  Woes"  (S'^  S. 
X.  510.)— 

"  Feel  I  not  wroth  with  those  who  bade  me  dwell 
In  this  vast  lazar-house  of  many  woes. 
Where  laughter  is  not  mirth,  nor  thought  the  mind. 
Nor  words  a  language,  nor  even  men  mankind." 

Bvron's  Lament  of  Tasso,  iv.  5. 
C.  H. 
Leeds. 

Burials  above  Ground  (S-"-*  S.  x.  364.)  — 
Allow  me  to  add  a  further  confirmation  to  that 
of  H.  Fishwick  respecting  the  mummy  of  Miss 
Beswick.  I  have  no  doubt,  from  a  letter  in  my 
possession,  that  the  lady  in  question  was  a  Mrs. 
Hannah  Beswick,  of  Cheetwood,  or  Chetwood, 
near  Manchester.  This  letter  is  dated  1758,  and 
was  written  \)j  one  of  Mrs.  Beswick's  trustees  to 
explain  the  contents  of  her  will.  He  mentions 
that  he  does  not  think  she  is  to  be  buried,  as  she 
is  to  be  embalmed.  He  also  mentions  that  the 
two  executrixes  are  to  remain  at  Cheetwood  House 
two  years,  and  that  some  said  Mrs.  Beswick  was 
to  remain  in  the  house  that  time.  In  a  letter  from 
another  source,  written  in  1796,  it  is  stated  that 
Mrs.  Hannah  Beswick  left  a  great  part  of  her 
property  to  a  Mr.  Charles  White,  of  Manchester, 
who  embalmed  her.  S.  J.  Purchas. 

EXTRAORDINAEY  ASSEMBLIES  OF  BiRDS  (S'*  S. 

xi.  10,  106.)— The  following  is  from  The  Specta- 
tor newspaper  of  Sept.  13,  1862 :  — 

"  Some  year  ago  a  gentleman  on  a  visit  to  Nanteos, 
near  Aberj'stwith,  h£ard  a  mighty  noise  on  the  lawn  out- 
side his  window.  He  got  up,  and  looking  out,  saw  several 
hundred  rooks  standing  in  concentric  circles  round  a 
solitary  rook  in  the  centre.  Thej'  cawed  vehemently  for 
a  long  time,  during  which  the  rook  environed  remained 
silent.  After  a  while  they  all  rose  with  one  accord,  flew 
upon  their  arraigned  (?)  brother,  and  pecked  him  to 
death." 

Perhaps  poor  rookie  was  the  "  last  comer  "  of 
Burton,  or  even  the  "  bachelor  "  of  your  corre- 
spondent Sp.  E.  S. 

Angels  of  the  Churches  (3'"''  S.  xi.  75.)  — 
SHEMsays  it  is  well  known  that  by  these  angels  in 
Rev.  i.,  Tertullian  says  the  cpiscopi  or  bishops  are 
to  be  understood.  I  shall  be  much  indebted  to  any 
one  who  \d\\  refer  me  to  the  passage  in  which 
Tertullian  gives  this  explanation.  I  also  join  with 


3rd  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


167 


Shem  in  earnestly  requesting  any  one  who  knows 
of  a  like  explanation  in  Irenasus  to  mention  the 
place.  I  have  sought  in  vain  myself,  hut  possibly 
some  one  else  may  be  more  successful. 

B.  H.  C. 

Deaf  as  a  Beetle  (3"^  S.  xi.  34,  100.)  — 
One  of  the  most  clever  j'eu.r  (Tc.<2mt  of  the 
Scotch  forum  is  the  Diamond  Beetle  Case,  by  the 
late  Lord  Corehouse,  "  Notes  taken  at  advising 
the  action  of  defamation  and  damages;  Alexander 
Cunningham,  jeweller,  in  Edinburgh,  against 
.Tames  Russell,  surgeon  there."  It  was  a  case  of 
defamation  and  damages  for  calling  the  petitioner's 
Diamond  Beetle  an  Egyptian  Louse ;  and  the 
opinions  of  the  judges  are  given.  That  of  Lord 
Balmuto  is  — 

"  Am  for  refusing  the  petition.  There's  more  lice  nor 
beetles  in  Fife.  They  ca'  them  Beetle  Clocks  there. 
What  they  ca'  a  beetle  is  a  thing  as  lang  as  my  arm  ; 
thick  at  the  one  end  and  small  at  the  other.  I  thought 
when  I  read  the  petition,  that  the  beetle,  or  bittle,  had 
been  the  thing  that  the  women  have  v/hen  they  are  wash- 
ing towels  or  napery  with ;  things  for  dadding  them  tclth. 
And  I  see  the  petitioner  is  a  jeweller  to  his  trade,  and  I 
tliought  he  had  ane  o'  thae  beetles  and  set  it  all  round 
with  diamonds  ;  and  I  thought  it  a  foolish  and  extrava- 
gant idea." 

George  Vehe  Irving. 

Lady  Tanfield  (?."1  S.  xi.  50.)  —  Lady  Tan- 
field  was  Elizabeth  Symondes,  daughter  of  Giles 
Symondes  of  Claye,  Norfolk,  by  Catherine,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  Anthony  Lee,  Knight,  and  sister  of  Sir 
Henry  Lee,  Knight  of  the  Garter.  This  informa- 
tion is  given  at  p.  4  of  "  The  Lady  Falkland  Her 
Life,  from  a  MS.  in  the  Imperial  Archives  at 
Lille.  Also  a  Memoir  of  Father  Francis  Slingsby, 
from  MSS.  in  the  Royal  Library,  Brussels."  Lady 
Falkland  was  Lady  Tanfield's  daughter. 

This  interesting  book  was  published  in  1861  by 
"  the  Catholic  Publishing  and  Bookselling  Com- 
pany Limited."  I  suppose  that  D.  B.  could  get 
it  through  any  bookseller.  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 

Painter  Wanted  (3'*^  S.  xi.  30.)— If  St.  Th. 
will  turn  to  the  "  Dream  of  Fair  Women  "  in  the 
illustrated  edition  of  Tennyson,  he  will  find,  I 
think,  the  portrait  of  Cleopatra  mentioned  in 
Gryll  Graruje.  I  forget  whether  Millais  is  the 
artist ;  but  the  words  illustrated  are  — 

"...  Thereto  she  pointed  with  a  laugh, 
Showing  the  aspic's  bite." 

The  picture  is  powerfully  characteristic  ;  but  it 
certainly  gives  Cleopatra  a  very  dark  complexion, 
and  a  wide  mouth,  opened  in  a  triumphant  dis- 
dainful smile,  which  at  least  verges  on  a  grin. 

IIarfra. 

The  Most  Christian  King's  Great  Grand- 
mother (3'^''  S.  xi.  76.) — I  am   not  able  to  say 


whether  the  account  in  question  was,  or  was  not,  a 
bit  of  Horace  Walpole's  "  ponderous  pleasantry," 
but  there  certainly  deceased  iu  1724  a  person  who 
stood  in  the  relationship  of  great  grandmother  to 
the  Most  Christian  King. 

The  mother  of  Louis  XV.  was  Mary  Adelheid, 
daughter  of  Victor  Amadeus  II.,  Duke  of  Savoy, 
and  her  grandmother  (Mary  Johanna,  daughter  of 
Charles  Amadeus,  Duke  de  Nemours)  died  in 
1724.  Possibly  she  Avas  the  "  Madame  Royale  " 
of  Horace  Walpole's  account.        J.  Woodward, 

Montrose. 

Sense  of  Pre-existence  {?j'^  S.  xi.  80.)  — 
This  subject,  Avhich  is  now  being  discussed  in 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  is  one  of  deep  interest  to  all  student.-? 
of  psychologj'.  There  are  probably  few  who  have 
not,  at  one  time  or  other,  experienced  the  feeling 
referred  to,  as  though  they  had  in  some  previous . 
period  of  their  lives — possibly  in  some  earlier  state 
of  existence — been  placed  in  precisely  the  same 
outward  circumstances  as  those  at  the  time  pre- 
sent to  the  senses.  For  my  own  part,  I  may  ac- 
laiowledge  that  my  experience  is  opposed  to'  that 
of  your  correspondent  J.  L.,  as  stated  in  your  last 
number;  the  sensation  coming  upon  me  most  fre- 
quently^ suddenly,  and  apparently  without  anj' 
previous  association  of  ideas  which  can  have  given 
rise  to  it,  in  the  full  tide  of  ordinary  outward 
occupation.  It  is  momentary,  and  the  peculiar 
condition  of  mind  accompanying  it  cannot  be  re- 
called at  will.  All  the  poets  of  our  interior  life 
have  more  or  less  referred  to  this  remarkable  and, 
as  far  as  I  know,  imexplained  "  sense  of  pre-exist- 
ence," perhaps  none  more  graphically  than  Lord 
Houghton :  — 

"  Thus  in  the  dream, 
Our  Universal  Dream,  of  Mortal  Life, 
The  incidents  of  an  anterior  Dream, 
Or,  it  maj-  be,  Existence  (for  the  Sun 
Of  Being,  seen  thro'  the  deep  dreamy  mist. 
Itself  is  dream-like),  noiselessly  intrude 
Into  the  daily  flow  of  earthly  things  ; 
Instincts  of  Good — immediate  sympathies, 
Places  come  at  Ly  chance,  that  claim  at  once 
An  old  acquaintance, — single,  random  looks, 
That  bare  a  strangei-'s  bosom  to  our  eyes  : 
We  know  these  tilings  are  so,  we  ask  not  why, 
But  act  and  follow  as  the  Dream  goes  on." 

It  would  be  very  interesting  to  hear  what  others 
of  your  readers  have  to  say  on  the  subject. 

A.  W.  B. 

WiNTERFLOOD  (3'''  S.  xi.  09.) — The  name  Win- 
terfiood  is  not  in  Mr.  Lower's  Fatronymka  Bri- 
tannica,  but  is  jotted  down  in  the  margin  of  my 
copy  with  a  reference  to  the  London  Directory  for 
1801,  "  Commercial  and  Professional  Names," 
p.  1344,  where  four  persons — a  tailor,  a  chandler, 
an  auctioneer,  and  a  shoemaker — are  recorded  as 
bearing  this  surname.  K.  P.  D.  E. 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  Feb.  23,  '67 


Moo>MVOKT  {S"^  S.  xi.  9G.)— Miss  Pliies,  in  lier 
Rambles  in  Search  of  TVild  Floicers,  says,  '_'  There 
is  a  popular  superstition  that  wherever  this  plant 
(the  purple  honesty,  Lundria  annua)  flourishes, 
the  cultivators  of  the  garden  are  exceedingly 
honest.  S.  L. 

QtroTATioJf  WANTED  (3''^  S.  X.  444.) — The  pas- 
sage is  from  Pliny  the  Younger,  Epist.  v.  8,  the 
context  being  — 

"  Orationi et  carmini   est  parva   gratia,   nisi 

eloquentia  sit  summa.  Historia  quoquo  modo  scripta 
delectat." 

P.  J.  F,  Gajsttillon. 

The  Doctonean  Well  (^'^  S.  x.  493.)— This 
is  the  well  at  Dodona,  in  Epirus,  of  which  Pliny, 
H.  N.  ii.  106,  ed.  Tauchnitz,  says,  "  In  Dodone 
Jovis  fons  cum  sit  gelidus,  et  immersas  faces  ex- 
stinguat,  si  exstincta  admoveantur,  accendit." 

May  we  ask  Sttjdent  to  give,  however  briefly, 
the  authority  for  his  queries  ? 

P.  J.  F.  GAlf  TILLON. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 
The  History  of  Scotland  from  Agricola's  Invasion  to  the 

Revohition  of  1688.    By  John  Hill  Burton.     Vols.  I. 

to  IV.    (Blackwood.) 

So  much  has  been  accomplished  during  the  last  few 
years  by  Archaeological  Societies,  and  by  such  Printing 
Clubs  as  the  Abbotsford,  Bannatyne,  and  Maitland 
Clubs,  as  well  as  by  Scottish  antiquaries  and  Continental 
scholars  towards  "illustrating  the  political  and  social 
changes  which  took  place  in  the  Northern  part  of  our 
island  antecedent  to  the  Union,  that  Dr.  Burton  is  fuUy 
justified  in  acting  upon  the  belief  that  the  time  has  ar- 
rived for  turning  these  accumulated  materials  to  account 
by  employing  them  in  the  construction  of  a  new  History 
of  Scotland.  Dr.  Burton  is  no  unpractised  bookwright. 
His  Booh-Hunter  showed  hina  to  be  gifted  with  a  keen 
scent  for  the  discovery  of  information ;  while  his  Scot 
Abroad  showed  that  he  knew  well  how  to  reproduce  such 
information  in  a  telling  and  effective  way.  So  it  is  with 
the  four  volumes,  alreadj'-  issued,  of  his  History  of  Scot- 
land, which  bring  that  historj^  down  to  the  time  when  Mary, 
a  prisoner  in  Lochleven,  signed  her  renunciation  of  the 
crown  in  favour  of  her  son,  and  appointed  Murraj^  regent 
during  that  son's  minority,  from  which  time  she  ceased 
to  appear  as  sovereign  in  the  public  proceedings  of  the 
realm.  In  these  vohimes  we  have  the  result  of  the 
author's  diligent  study  of  all  those  who  have  preceded 
him.  In  the  first  volume  we  have  the  history  of  the 
primeval  period,  the  Roman  and  Early  Christian  periods, 
curiously  and  pleasantly  illustrated  from  the  works  of 
recent  archa;ologists,  in  a  new  and  eifective  manner.  In 
the  last,  the  publications  of  the  Societies  to  which  we 
have  alluded,  and  the  recent  discoveries  of  various  de- 
positories of  records,  are  turned  to  the  same  profitable 
account  iu  illustrating  the  vexed  history  of  Marj^  Queen 
of  Scots.  This  part  of  the  work  will  of  course  be  any- 
thing but  satisfactory  "  to  that  chivalrous  class  to  whom 
Mary's  innocence  is  a  creed  rather  than  an  opinion."  We 
congratulate  the  author  on  the  production  of  these  four 
valuable  and  instructive  volumes,  and  shall  look  with 
interest  for  the  completion  of  the  History. 


The  History  of  Christianity  from  the  Birth  of  Christ  to 
the  Abolition  of  Paganism  in  the  Roman  Empire.  By 
Henry  Hart  Milman,  D.D.,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.  In 
Three  Volumes.  A  New  and  Revised  Edition.  (Mur- 
ray.) 

There  is  a  large  and  increasing  class  of  readers  anxious 
to  trace  the  early  progress  of  the  Christian  Church,  its 
struggles,  its  trials,  and  its  triumphs,  to  whom  the  an- 
nouncement of  a  new,  revised,  and  yet  cheaper  edition  of 
the  Dean  of  St.  Paul's  History  of  Christianity  will  be  most 
welcome.  There  is  another  and  very  different  class,  to  whom 
we  would  especially  recommend  the  work  :  we  mean  those 
restless  and  inquiring  spirits  who,  overpowered  by  the 
heavy  artUlery  of  Strauss,  and  dazzled  by  the  specious 
brilliancy  of  Renan,  are  inclined  to  make  shipwreck  of 
their  faith.  Let  them,  before  thej'  do  so,  ascertain  the  esti- 
mation in  which  the  views  of  Strauss  and  Renan  are  held 
by  Dr.  Milman — a  divine,  be  it  remembered,  no  less  dis- 
tinguished for  the  liberality  of  his  opinions  than  the 
sagacity  of  his  intellect  and  the  extent  of  his  learning. 

Debi'ett^s  Illustrated  Peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Under  the  immediate  Re- 
vision and  Supervision  of  the  Peers. 
Debretfs  Illustrated  Baronetage,  Knightage,  and  House  of 
Commons.  Under  immediate  Personal  Revision  and  Cor- 
rection.    (Dean  &  Son.) 

Both  the  editor.and  the  publishers  seem  determined  to 
spare  neither  trouble  nor  expense  in  restoring  Debrett 
to  the  high  position  which  it  maintained  for  upwards  of 
a  centurj'.  The  informatioii  in  the  Peerage  and  Baronet- 
age for  1867  is  brought  down  to  the  very  moment  of 
publication. 

Lancashire  Folk  Lore  illustrative  of  the  Superstitious  Be- 
liefs and  Practices,  Local  Customs  and  Usages  of  the 
People  of  the  County  Palatine.  Compiled  and  Edited 
by  John  Harland,  F.S.A.,  and  T.  T.  Wilkinson,  F.R.S.A. 
(Warne  &  Co.) 

We  are  afraid,  if  we  were  to  say  all  we  might  honestly 
say  in  praise  of  this  interesting  conti-ibution  towards  our 
knowledge  of  the  Folk  Lore  of  the  County  Palatine,_we 
should  be  open  to  the  suspicion  of  acting  on  the  principle 
of  "  Ca  me,  ca  thee,"  for  the  editors  of  it  have  done  liberal 
justice  to  the  exertions  of  "N.  &  Q."  in  the  pleasant  field 
of  Folk  Lore.  But  that  consideration  ought  not  to  pre- 
vent our  avowing  that,  whenever  a  Jacob  Grimm  shall 
arise  among  us  to  work  out  an  English  Mythology,  he 
will  assuredly  use  this  excellent  little  volume  as  one  of 
his  authorities. 


Owing  to  the  number  o/Replies  waiting  for  insertion,  we  are  obliged 
to  postpone  mani/  interesting  Notes   ond  Qumesjvhich  are  in^type. 


A  Minor.  We  doubt  the  accuracy  of  the  statement  in  Dr.  Fuller's 
Worthies  of  Ensjlaud,  <Aa«  there  were  four  Englishinen  appointed  Bishops 
of  Borne.  The  only  one  known  to  ^ls  was  Adrian  IV.,  that  is,  Nicholas 
iireaksx>car . 

T.  E.  (Brompton')  is  thanked  for  his  friendly  letter.  The  suggestion  is 
excellent,  but  there  are,  we  fear,  practical  difficulties  in  carrying  it  out. 

Da.  Whewell's  'Rimi.E.— As  this  riddle  — 

"  A  headless  man  a  letter  did  write,"  &c — 
is  again  going  the  roumls  of  the  papers,  it  may  be  as  well  to  reinind  our 
readers  in  replu  to  H.  T.'s  query,  that  it  has  been  proved  in  N.  &  Q.  ' 
3rd  S.  vui.  527,  hi  a  reference  to  Barrow's  Bible  in  Spam,  exxxu.  p.  195, 
that  no  such  riddle  could  have  been  written  by  Dr.  W/iewell ,  and  that 
Mr.  Pinkerton  has  shown  that  it  is  a  common  catch  in  loiv  country  pub- 
lic-houses—the  answer  to  the  question,  "  What  is  it  ?     being  "A  lie.'^ 

A  Reading  Case  for  holding  the  weekly  Noa.  of  "N.  &  Q."  is  now 
ready,  and  maybe  had  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen,  price  Is.  6(i.; 
or,  free  by  poet,  direct  from  the  publisher,  for  Is.  8d. 

"NoiBs  &  Queries"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES 


gi  fleMum  0f  |nttr0mmuniatian 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC, 


"V/lien  found,  make  a  note  of." — Captain  Cuttle. 


No.  270. 


Saturday,  March  2,  1867. 


Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition,  5d. 


MACMILLAN'S    magazine.    No.  LXXXIX. 
(.for  MARCH,  1867),  price  Is. 
Contents  :- 
I.-Eton. 

ir 'Longshore  Life  at  Boulak.    By  Lady  Duff-Gordon. 

Ill What  U  Materialism?    By  tlie  late  Professor  Grote. 

IV.—Old  Sir  Douglas.    By  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Norton. 

V Our  Means  of  Military  Defence. 

VI.-Ghosts.    By  Emily  H.  Uickey. 
VII.— On  a  Translation  of  Virtiirs  ^neid.    By  Francis  T.  Falgrave, 
late  fellow  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford.    Part  II. 
Vrn.— Dangers  in  India. 

IX Silcote  of  Silcotes.    By  Henrv  Kingslcy. 

X._A  Hard  Day's  Work.    By  Professor  Beaton. 
XI.— Religion  in  America.    By  Edward  Dicey. 


XEW    STORIES^ 
Hon.  Mrs.  Norton  and  Mr.  Henry  Kingsley, 

AEE  COXTIXrED  IN'  THIS  JTITMBER. 

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THE  LIFE    OF   EDWARD  JOHN  EYRE, 

Late  Governor  of  Jamaica. 

By  HAMILTON  HUME. 

RICHARD  BENTLEY,  New  Burlington  Street. 

Fifth  edition,  with  Photographic  Illustration,  price  Is.,  post  free. 

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B 


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Volume  Tenth,  Third  Series. 


Containing,  in  addition  to  a  great  variety  of  brief  Notes,  Queries,  and 
Replies,  curious  Articles  on  the  following  Subjects  :  — 

English,  Zrisli,  and  Scottish  History. 

Dr.  Wilmofs  Polish  Princess— Relic  of  Charles  I Mad.  de  Suvigni? 

and  James  II — Monmouth's  Mistress— Bottle  of  Gloucester- Royal 
Assent— Macbeth,  Malcolm  Canmore— Robert  II.  of  Scotland — 
Queen  Eleanor's  Purchases— Queen  Henrietta  Maria's  Penance- 
Hepburn.  Earl  of  Bothwell,  and  his  Paramours— Parliament  of  Kil- 
kenny—Royal Effigies  at  Foutcvraud. 

Biography. 

The  Three  Sir  W.  Pelhams  of  Brocklesby— Bishoji  Stapleton—Lady 
Houstoune— Dr.  Folidori— Kitty  lisher— Archbishop  Synae- John 
Asgill— Janus  Weatherciuk—Robert  Bloomfleld— Colonel  Charteris- 
Neliy  Gwyu— Thomas  Randolph— Colonel  Aston- Nancy  Dawson— 
Rev.  W.  Chafin. 

Bihlioeraphy  and  Xiiterary  History. 

Erskine'sPetition  of  Peter- Quevedo's  Sonnet  on  Rome— Naufragium 


Periodicals  between  1710  and  1732— The  Ladythorne  Dru 
John  Eliot— Sir  Bevil  Grenville— Flatman  and  Bishop  Ken— Recol- 
lections of  Charles  Lamb— Thackeray's  English  Humourists— Vie 
Privee  des  Ctesars— W  atts'  Divine  and  Moral  Songs— Dedication  to 
Goethe's  Faust — Italian  Academies— Beard's  Theatre  of  God's  Judg- 
ments—Unpublis!#ed  Lettfr  of  F.  Rabelais— The  Aldine  Anchor— 
Cranmer's  Bible— Finkerton's  Correspondence— England's  Parnassus 
—Tom  D'Urfey's  Christmas  Pantomime, 

Popular  Antiquities  and  S'olk  Xore. 

Shooting  Star  Superstition— The  Wake  Goose— Weapon  Salve— Mul- 
berry Tree  Superstition— Loving  Cup— Abracadabra— French  Folk 
Lore— Popular  Prophecies  in  Numbers— Mazes  and  Nine  Men's  Mor- 
ris-Anatolian Folk  Lore— Plum  Pudding. 

Ballads  and  Old  Poetry. 

Shakespeariana-Collier's  Reprints  of  Early  Poetry— Dutch  Ballad- 
Song  of  the  Mariner's  Wife— William  Henry  Ireland  and  the  Shake- 
speare Papers— Shepherds'  Wives'Song— Christmas  Carol —The  White 
Ilat. 

Popular  and  Proverbial  Saying's. 

Noblesse  oblige  -  As  nice  as  a  Nun's  Hen— His  Trumpeter  is  dead- 
York,  you're  wanted. 

Philology. 

starboard  and  Larboard  —  Peewit  —  Club  and  Clubs  —  Mattins  or 
Matins—  Carfax  —  Scaramouche— Skirmish— To  Whittle— Bouchers 
Glossary  MSS. —Tureen— Trop,  assez;  too,  enough. 

Genealogy  and  Heraldry. 

Epitaphs  Abroad— Douglas  and  Wigton  Peerages— Ostrich  Feather 
Badge— Medical  Baronets— Blood  Royal— Hylton  of  Hylton— Wives 
of  Baronets— Nelsons  of  Seaming— Scotch  and  Irish  Peerage- Ba- 
ronetcies conferred  on  Children— Insignia  of  the  Garter— Arms  of 
Scotland— Horns  in  German  Heraldry— Fert,  Arms  of  Savoy. 

X'ine  Arts. 

Gainsborough  Portraits  at  Combermere  Abbey— Historical  Pictures 
at  Strawberry  Hill— National  Portrait  Exhibition— Caricature  Por- 
traits—Portrait of  Duke  Humphrey— Dighton's  Caricatures. 

s:cclesiastical  History. 

Honorary  Canons— Clerical  Costume- Canon  of  1G03—Diocess— Prag- 
matic Sanction  —  Evangelistic  Symbols— St.  Michael— Organs  and 
Organists  of  Westminster  Abbey— Basilica— Umbrella— Tombstones 
in  Chancels— Congo  d'Elire— An  Abbot's  Crozier. 

Topography. 

Tyburn  Gate— Canopy  of  John  of  Eltham  at  Westminster  Abbey- 
Strand  Maypole— Round  Towers- Forest  of  Dean— St.  Mary  Rert- 
clifi,  Bristol- Sheffield  Knives-Stepney  Parish-The  >  ew  Wells, ' 
May  Fair— Earliest  Church  in  Britain— Old  St.  Pancras'  Churchyard 
—Newmarket  in  1791. 

Miscellaneous  ZTotes  and  Queries. 

Serjeants'  Robes-Notes  from  the  Patent  Rolls— The  Needle  Gun-- 
Whipping  Grown  Girls— The  Cave  AduUam— Electric  Telegraph  in 
1796— Edinburgh  Dancing  Jlastcrs— Queen  Elizabeth  Farthing- 
Human  Footprints  in  Stones— Mariner's  Compass— Marriage  of  First 


WILLIAM  GEEIG  SMITH,  32,  Wellington  Street,  Strand. 
And  by  order  of  all  Booksellers  aud  Newsmen, 


S'l  S.  XI.  March  2,  '07.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


169 


LONDOX,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  2,  1S67. 


CONTENTS.— No  270. 

NOTES:  — Tbe  Burning  of  Arabic  MSS.  in  Granada  ?3.v 
Cardinal  Xiraenez,  169  —  Portraits  of  Hobbes:  National 
Porti-ait  Exhibition,  170  —  Treatise  on  Oatlis,  lb.  —  Shak.- 
speariana,  171— Canon  Bargrave  and  Cornelius  Janseii, 
172  — Old  Proverbs  and  Sayings  — The  Memorable  For- 
gotten—Cucking  Stool  — "As "Dead  as  a  Door-Nail"  — 
Passage  in  the  "  Agamemnon,"  172. 

QUERIES:  — Philip  le  Beau,  173  — Dry  den  Queries,  174— 
Arms  of  the  See  of  Aberdeen  —  Chants  for  Hymns  — 
Cithern:  Ilebeck  —  Susanna,  Wife  of  Robert  Creswell, 
Bluemantle  Pursuivant —Cranmer  Family— Dancing  in 
Church-Oliver  Goldsmith— Historical  Query— Hymeneal 

—  Two  Irish  Dramas  — "The  Key  of  Paradise"  — Leslie 
Family- Chaiise  of  Name  — Peter  van  deu  Broeck's  Tra- 
vels —  \A'igtoft  Churchwardens'  Accounts— Eobert  Willan 

—  Sir  Walter  Whitty,  174. 

Qtteeies  with  Axsweks  :— Darwin  —  To  "  kythe :  "  Scotch 
Psalms—  Poenulatus  —  Beguines  —  Palfrey  —  Shaving 
at  Crossing  the  Line—  Balmoral  —  Judge.  Crawley  —  A 
Proleing—  2Ioss  —  Heraldic  Query,  176 

REPLIES:  — Advertisintr.  178  —Grey  Mare's  Tail,  179  — 
Indo-Mahomedan  Folk  Lore,  180  —  Ancient  Irish  Manu- 
scripts in  the  British  Museum,  181  —  Moonwort,  182  — 
Freemasonry,  183  —  Stouor  Family— Sir  Henry  Sling sby 

—  Torches  —  Edmund  Plowden  —  Carlo  Pisacane—  The 
Head  of  Cai  dinal  Richelieu  —  "  Other^ates  "  —  Quotations 
wanted  :  Gleim  —  Bernard  and  Lechton  Families  —  Burn- 
ing Hair  — Alphabet  Bells  and  Tiles  — Hymnology—  Ken- 
sington Church  and  Oliver  Cromwell  —  Dante  Query  — 
Ballad  Queries  —  Angels  of  the  Churches  —  Marlborough's 
Generals  — Calico  Cloth  — The  Destruction  of  Priestley's 
Librai-y  in  1791—  Royalty,  &c.,  183. 

Notes  on  Books,  Ac. 


THE  BURNING  OF  ARABIC  MSS.  IN  GRANADA 
BY  CARDINAL  XIMENEZ. 

I  have  often  thouglit  that  Mr.  Prescott, 
Wasliington  Irving,  &c.  have  been  too  severe  in 
their  condemnation  of  the  great  Cardinal  Ximenez, 
for  having  burnt  so  manj'  Arabic  manuscripts, 
through  his  zeal  in  wishing  to  annihilate  Islamism 
in  Granada  by  one  blow. 

Several  accounts  of  this  event  have  been  handed 
down  to  us  by  Spanish  authors,  such  as  Gomez, 
Eobles,  Marmol,  and  Quintanilla.  (1.)  As  re- 
gards the  number  of  MSS.  which  were  burnt, 
there  is  a  remarkable  discrepancy  in  the  state- 
ments of  the  diiFerent  writers.  Some  assert  that 
as  many  as  a  million  and  Jive  thousand  were  com- 
mitted to  the  flames.  This  number  is  given  by 
Eobles  in  his  Compendia  de  la  Vida  y  Hazrmas  del 
Cardenal  Don  Fra>j  Francisco  Ximener.  de  Cisnerus, 
&c.  (Toledo,  1604,  p.  104.)  These  are  the  writer's 
words :  — 

"  Y  entre  otros  fue,  juntar  todos  quatos  Alcoranes  de 
Mahoma  pudo  aver  a  las  manos,  y  otros  muchos  libros 
tocates  a  su  secta,  que  passaron  de  un  cuento  y  cinco  mil 
„olui7iines,  y  quemarlos  publicamente,"  &c. 

Another  writer  estimates  the  number  at  80,000. 
Gomez,  however,  in  his  biography  of  the  Cardinal, 
entitled,  De  Mebits  Geatis  a  Francisco  Ximenio,  C'is- 
nerio,    Archiepiscopo    Tolefano,     Libri  Odo,   Sec, 


(Compluti,  1569)  positively  states  that  onli/  5000 
were  destroyed.     I  quote  his  statement :  — 

"Ergo  Alfaquinis  ad  omnia  obsequia  eo  tempore  ex- 
hibenda  promptis,  Alcoranos,  id  est,  sua  superstitionis 
gra\"issimos  libros,  et  omnes  cujuscunque  authoris  et 
generis  esseut  Mabumetanai  impietatis  Codices,  facilfe 
sine  edicto,  aut  vi,  ut  in  publicu  adduceretur  impetravit. 
Quinque  niillia  voluminum  sunt  ferme  congregata,  quifi 
variis  umbilicis,  punica  arte  et  opere  distincta,  auro 
etiam  et  argento  exornata,  non  oculos  modo,  sed  animos 
quoque  spectantium  rapiebant,"  &c.     (Fol,  30.) 

(2.)  iSTow,  ilr.  Prescott,  in  his  Histwy  of  Fer- 
dinand and  Isabella,    speaking  of  this   work   of 
Gomez,    mentions      "  that  the    most    authentic 
sources  of  information  were  thrown  open  to  Go- 
mez."    The  work,  too,  was  published  not  many 
years  after  the  death  of  the  Cardinal,  while  the 
writer  was  also  personally  acquainted  with  tkree 
of  his  Eminence's  principal  domestics.     Hence,  I 
consider  tbat  Gomez  is  more  likely  to  be  correct 
in  his  statement  that  only  5000  MSS.  were  burnt, 
rather  than   Eobles  or  any  other  writer  whose 
biographies  of  the  Cardinal  appeared  at  a  much 
later  period.     Prescott  gives  the  preference  to  the 
I  statement  of  Coude,  who  estimates  the  number  at 
I  80,000,  because  he   was  better  acquainted  with 
I  Arabic  lore.     But  Conde,  according  to  the  testi- 
!  mon}"  of  the  greatest  ^Vi-abic  scholar  now  in  Spain 
I  — Sefior  Don  Pascual  Gayangos — is  not  to  be  de- 
I  pended  upon;     (See  his  Mohammedan  Dynasties 
!  in  Spain,  '2  vols.  4to.  London,  1841 — 4.3.) 
i      (3.)  Eespecting  the  contents  of  the  MSS.  which 
j  were  destroyed,  it  is   evident  that  many  were 
copies  of  the  Alcoran,  and  others  of  a  religious 
I  character  relating,  according  to  Eobles  andGomez, 
to  the  doctrines  or  services  of  the  Mahometans. 
Prescott  adds,  without  any  authority  (after  men- 
tioning that  the  largest  part  were  copies  of  the 
Koran,  or  works  connected  with  theology),  "with 
many  others,  however,  on  various  scientific  sub- 
jects.''   {History  of  the  lieiyu  of  Ferdinand  and 
\  Isabella,  vol.  ii.  p.  o69,  ed.  London,  1849.) 
j      Xow,  it  is  expressly  mentioned  by  Eobles  and 
I  Gomez,  that  boohs  on  medicine  were  exempt  from 
i  the  conflagration,  and  sent  to  the  library  of  the 
University  of  Alcala,  just  before  founded  by  the 
illustrious  Cardinal.      Prescott  himself  does  not 
omit  this  important  fact.     The  question  of  course 
now  arises — Does  Ximenez  deserve  condemnation 
for  having  burnt  so  many  copies  of  the  Koran  and 
other  religious  works,  full  of  dangerous  errors  and 
impieties,  when  his  only  object  was  thereby  to 
'  facilitate  the  conversion  of  the  Moors  ?    I  answer 
!  Xo !    Still,  there  will  always  be  a  diSerence  of 
■  opinion  as  to   the    best  and    most    conciliatory 
I  nieaus  to  be  employed  in  the  conversion  of  Pagans 
I  and  Infidels.     Sonie  of  the  measures  adopted  by 
j  the  Cardinal  did  not,  I  am  aware,  meet  with  the 
I  approbation  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  inasmuch 
I  as  they  were  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  the  original 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Makcii  2,  '67. 


treaty  of  the  surrender  of  Granada.  I  am  not 
defending  all  the  acts  of  Ximenez,  only  that  of  his 
having  burnt  the  copies  of  the  Koran,  and  other 
religious  works.  I  consider  it  very  unjust  in 
Mr.  Prescott  to  form  a  comparison  between  this 
act  and  the  burning  of  the  great  library  at  Alex- 
andria by  Omar.  On  this  point  Dr.  Hefele  makes 
some  pertinent  observations  in  his  work  entitled : 
"  Der  Cardinal  Ximenes,  und  die  kircMiclien  Zustande 
Spauiens  am  Ende  des  15.  und  Anfauge  des  16.  Jahr- 
hunderts,"  &c.     (Tubingen,  1851 ;  zweite  Auflage). 

These  are  his  words  :  — 

"Es  ware  Irrthum,  wenn  man  diese  Tliat  mit  der 
Verbrennung  der  Bibliothek  von  Alexandrien  durch  den 
Kalifen  Omar  vergleichen  wollte,  denn  nicht  ein  unun- 
terrichterer  Barbar,  sondern  einer  der  grossten  Freunde 
der  Wissenschaften,  hat  diessmal  solchen  Befehl  gegeben, 
gerade  zu  einer  Zeit,  wo  er  aus  eigenen  Mittelu  eine  neue 
"Universitat  griindete,  und  das  bewunderungswiirdigste 
gelehrte  Werkjener  Periode  in's  Leben  rief,"  &c.  (S. 
"58.) 

Deeply  do  I  revere  the  memory  of  the  great 
Cardinal  Ximenez,  whose  tomb  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  visiting  last  summer  at  Alcala  de  Henares. 
Let  us  be  just  to  his  memory,  and  give  him  credit 
for  having  acted,  in  the  conversion  of  the  Moors, 
with  the  purest  and  most  exalted  of  motives. 
And  if  sometimes  he  erred  by  over-zeal  or  impru- 
dence, let  us  not  be  too  severe  upon  his  faults, 
nor  judge  of  them  by  a  standard,  not  applicable 
imder  the  difficult  circumstances  in  which  Ximenez 
found  himself,  when  called  upon  to  convert  the 
unfortunate  Moors  in  Granada,  with  whom  man}^ 
writers  appear  to  show  an  undue  sympathy. 

J.  Daltox. 
St.  John's,  Norwich. 


POETPwVITS   OF   HOBBES:    NATIONAL 
POETRAIT  EXHIBITION. 

I  have  read  with  much  pleasure  Me.  Schakf's 
interesting  account  of  his  discovery  of  the  name 
of  the  painter  of  the  portrait  of  Hobbes,  about 
which  I  inquired  at  p.  45  of  your  last  volume. 
Is  it  possible  that  the  Duke  of  Devonshire  and 
the  Royal  Society,  the  owners  of  the  two  other 
pictures  of  Hobbes  which  were  exhibited  last  year, 
may  be  stimulated  to  make  efforts  to  discover  the 
painters  of  these  pictures  (91G  and  954  of  Cata- 
logue). 

The  interest  in  the  collection  of  last  year  is  not 
extinct.  There  will  soon  be  another,  and  those 
who  preside  over  the  arrangements  will,  it  is 
lioped,  profit  by  some  experiences  gained  last  year, 
and  avoid  a  repetition  of  blemishes  which  have 
been  noted  in  what  was,  on  the  whole,  a  very 
successful  execution  of  a  most  meritorious  design. 

Could  not  the  many  mistakes  discovered  by 
Mr.  ScHAEF  and  others  have  been  avoided  by 
previous  consultation  with  Mr,  Schaef  and  other 


competent  advisers  ?  Mr.  Scharf's  list  of  note- 
worthy pictures,  with  his  criticisms,  is  before  me. 
May  I  address  him,  as  he  is  a  contributor  to  your 
columns,  with  reference  to  a  few  pictures  not 
noticed  in  his  list  ?  What  is  the  true  history  of 
that  curious  picture  (No.  90G)  which  was  called 
"The  Cabal  Ministry"  by  Mr.  John  Medina, 
belonging  to  Mr.  Winn  ?  That  it  was  not  ''  The 
Cabal  Ministry"  was  proclaimed  last  year  in  the 
Athencsum,  nor  could  it  possibly  be ;  yet  the 
name  was  retained  to  the  last  at  South  Kensing- 
ton. There  was  no  likeness  to  any  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Cabal  Ministry,  authentic  portraits  of 
most  of  whom  surrounded  it;  and  the  painter, 
Mr.  John  Medina,  born  in  1660,  would  have  been 
just  twelve  years  old  when  the  Cabal  Ministry 
was  in  force.  A  clearly  erroneous  inscription  on 
No.  684,  belonging  to  Earl  Spencer,  led  to  that 
picture  being  presented  as  of  Lady  Dorothy  Sid- 
ney, Countess  of  Sunderland.  Several  other  por- 
traits of  the  fair  Dorothy  ( Sacharissa)  might  have 
prevented  this  mistake.  But  who  was  the  lady  ? 
Was  it  Anne,  the  wife  of  the  second  Lord  Sun- 
derland ?  No.  741,  from  the  Duke  of  Beaufort's 
collection,  represented  as  Arthur  Capel,  first  Earl 
of  Essex,  was  Lord  Essex,  not  his  father  Lord 
Capel,  as  any  one  could  see  by  comparing  the  pic- 
ture with  the  portrait  in  Jansen's  picture  of  Lord 
Capel  and  his  family  (No.  794).  What  is  the 
truth  about  the  picture  No.  963,  represented  as 
Judge  Morton  by  Vandyck  ?  If  it  was  Judge 
Morton,  who  painted  it,  for  Vandyck  could  not 
have  done  so  ?  Lord  Lyttelton  (No.  902)  and  Mr. 
Wykeham  Martin  (No.  1001)  sent  pictures  of 
Mary  Fairfax,  Duchess  of  Buckingham,  so  unlike 
one  another  that  they  could  not  possibly  be  the 
same  person.     Which  was  Mary  Fairfax  ? 

If  Mr.  Scharf,  or  any  of  your  readers,  could 
answer  any  of  these  questions,  I  should  be  much 
obliged. 

Would  it  not  be  better  for  the  South  Kensing- 
ton Committee  to  take  some  pains  to  authenticate 
pictures,  so  as  to  avoid,  at  any  rate,  gross  blun- 
ders ? 

I  would  further  suggest  that  it  would  be  very 
desirable,  in  the  approaching  Exhibition,  to  put 
all  pictures  of,  or  said  to  be  of,  the  same  person 
together,  so  that  they  may  be  easily  compared. 
Last  year,  all  would  have  been  glad  to  see  all 
the  pictures  of  Milton,  of  Marvel,  of  Blake,  of 
Hobbes,  placed  respectiA-ely  together.  C. 


TREATISE  ON  OATHS. 

The  following  is  an  exact  copy  of  the  title-page 
of  a  very  learned  and  valuable  treatise :  — 

"  A  briefe  treatise  of  Oathes  exacted  by  Ordinaries  and 
Ecclesiasticall  Judges,  to  answere  genei-allie  to  all  such 
Articles  or  interrogatories  generallie,  to  all  such  Articles 
or  interrogatories,  as  pleaseth  them  to  propound.    And 


3'd  S.  XI.  Mascii  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QU:EilIES. 


171 


of  their  forced  and  constrained  Oathes  ex  officio,  wherein  | 
is  proved  that  the  same  are  unlawful]."  i 

No  printer's  name  is  given,  neitlier  is  the  place 
or  date  set  forth.  It  was  evidently  privately  printed 
and  circulated,  as  the  observations  of  the  writer  j 
might  have  brought  him  into  trouble.  It  pro-  i 
bably  was  produced  between  1590  and  1600,  and,  i 
I  am"  very  much  inclined  to  suspect,  was  issued  ' 
from  a  foreign  press.  Referring  to  Bonner,  ironi-  j 
cally  called  "  blessed,"  the  author  observes  that  j 
he— 

"  Xot  longe  since  hath  taught  as  this  tricke  of  their 
lawe,  as  he  termed  it,  that  a  Bishop  maj-  sweare  (such  is 
his  priviledge)  inspectis  Evangelijs  and  non  tactis,  bare 
sight  of  the  booke,  without  touche  or  kisse,  will  well 
ynough  serve  his  Lordshippe's  turn.  Againe,  the  impos- 
ing of  Oathes  upon  the  rotten  bones  and  reliques  of  their 
canonized  and  counterfeit  saints,  and  upon  the  image  of 
the  crucifige,  is  both  foolish  and  idolatrous." 

The  able  and  curious  argument  concludes  with 
a  protest  against  "  generall  oathes,"  and  declares 
that  they  are  "  a  prophane  abusing  of  the  holy 
name  of  God,"  and  that  the  exacting  ''oathes  ex 
officio  is  a  great  indignitie  to  the  crowne  and 
scepter  of  this  kingdome,"  and  a  ''wrong  and 
injurie  to  the  freedoms  and  libertie  of  the  subjectes 
thereof;"  "that  the  same  was  hurtful  to  Church 
and  commonweal,  and  brought  in  onely  by  the 
practize  of  the  Popishe  cleargie ; "  that  it  was 
neither  authorised  by  law,  custom,  ordinance,  or 
statute,  but  "  corruptlie  crept  in  among  mauie 
other  abuses  by  the  sinister  practize  and  pretences 
of  the  Romish  prelates  and  cleargie-men." 

There  is  a  copy  of  this  production  in  the  Bod- 
leian Library,  but  there  is  not  one  in  any  of  the 
other  public  libraries  either  here  or  south  of  the 
Tweed,  so  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  ascertain. 
It  would  be  desirable  to  ascertain  the  name  of 
the  author.  J.  M. 


SHAKSPEARIAXA. 


LiNCOL>'SHiRE  Bagpipe  :  ''  First  Part  of 
King  Hen^ry  IV."  Act  I.  Sc.  2. — In  a  note  on 
this  expression,  Mr.  Payne  Collier  refers  to  the 
Three  Lords  and  Ladies,  1590,  wherein  mention 
is  made  of  the  "Sweet  ballad  of  Lincolnshire 
Bagpipes."  Mr.  Charles  Knight  gives  from  Ma- 
lone  a  passage  in  Armin's  i\>.s^  of  Ninnies,  1608, 
where  the  actual  existence  of  such  an  instrument 
is  equally  implied ;  but  besides  this,  Mr.  Knight 
adds  the  opinion  of  Steevens  that  ^'the  drone  of  a 
Lincolnshire  bacipipe  is  here  tised  metaphorically 
for  the  croak  of  the  frog  in  the  marshes." 

I  recently  stumbled  over  the  passage  at  a  Lin- 
colnshire vicarage,  and  asked  my  friend  the  vicar 
whether  he  had  ever  heard  of  a  bagpipe  peculiar 
to  the  county.  "Never,"  he  replied;  "but  I 
have  often  heard  the  bittern  so  called,  which, 
within  my  recollection,  was  common  in  the  fens." 


On  referring  to  Bewick,  I  find  the  following 
description :  — 

'•■  The  bittern  flies  in  the  same  heavy  manner  as  the 
heron,  and  might  be  mistaken  for  that  bird,  were  it  not 
for  the  singularly  resounding  cry  which  it  utters  from 
time  to  time  while  on  the  wing ;  but  this  cry-  is  feeble 
when  compared  to  the  hollow  booming  noise  which  it 
makes  during  the  night  in  the  breeding  season  from  its 
swampy  retreats." 

Taken  in  a  metaphorical  sense,  this,  coupled 
with  my  friend's  assertion,  appears  to  offer  a  more 
satisfactory  illustration  than  that  of  Steevens's 
croak  of  the  frog ;  and  I  would  suggest  the  pro- 
bability that,  as  the  bagpipe  is  of  great  antiquity^ 
and  has  undoubtedly  been  always  one  of  the  most 
familiar  of  popular  musical  instruments,  the  name 
"  Lincolnshire  bagpipe  "  may  at  an  early  period 
have  been  locally  fastened  upon  the  booming  bird 
of  the  fens  with  its  melancholy  drone,  and  been 
accepted  by  strangers  as  a  reality.  To  me  this 
seems  feasible,  and  surely  if  any  peculiar  bagpipe 
had  ever  belonged  to  the  county,  some  remi- 
niscence of  it  would  remain,  no  traces  of  which,, 
however,  have  I  been  able  to  discover.  In  the 
term  "strangers"  I  do  not  refer  to  Shakespeare, 
whose  use  of  the  expression  perfectly  harmonises 
with  the  melancholy  booming  of  the  Lincolnshire 
bittern. 

The  "  Bitter-bump  "  and  the  '' Butter-bump  " 
of  Mr.  J.  O.  Halliwell's  Dictionary — the  latter 
being  at  the  present  day  common  among  the  Lin- 
colnshire peasantry  as  the  name  of  the  bird,  which 
is  now,  however,  rarely  met  with  in  the  fens — 
represent,  of  course,  the  hittern  and  its  hoorn. 


L.  H.  PIaelowe. 


St.  John's  Wood. 


Ket-cold. — Shakespeare  speaks   of  'Hiey-cold 
Lucrece ;"  and  again,  we  find  the  line  — 
"  Poor  key-cold  figure  of  a  holv  king !  " 

Richard  til.  Act  I.  Sc.  2. 
It  may  be  noted  that  a  similar  idea  is  foimd  in 
Gower.     Compare  — 

"  And  so  it  coldeth  at  min  herte 
That  wonder  is,  how  I  asterte  (escape). 
In  such  a  point  that  I  ne  deie. 
For  certes,  there  was  never  keie 
Ne  frosen  is  {ice)  upon  the  walle 
More  inly  cold,  than  I  am  alle." 

Gower,  Confcssio  Amantis,  ed.  Pauli,  iii.  9. 

Waiter  W.  Skeat. 


Flote    (Substantive). — In  the   well-known 
line  {Tempest,  Act  I.  Sc.  2,  234),— 

"  And  are  vpon  the  Mediterranian  Flote," 
we  find  a  word   certainly   not  common,  and   of 
which  Mr.  Collier  declares — " '  Float,'  in  fact,  is  a 
verb,  used  by  everybody,  and  not  a  substantive, 
used  by  no  other  English  writer." 

Ford,  the  dramatist,  however,   seems  fond  of 


172 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Sfd  S.  XI.  March  2,  '67. 


tHs    sulDstantive.      In   one   play  of    liis,    Love's 
Sacrifice,  I  find  two  instances  of  its  use  :  — 
«  Traitor  to  friendship,  whither  shall  I  run, 
That  lost  to  reason,  cannot  sway  the  float 
Of  the  unruly  faction  in  ray  blood  !  " 

(Act  I,  So.  2.) 

'•■ though  the  float 

Of  infinite  desires  swell  to  a  tide,"  &c. 

(Act  II.  Sc.  3.) 

Joh:n-  Addis  (.TinsrioR). 


CANON  BARGRAVE  AND  CORNELIUS  JANSEN. 

I  transcribe  the  anecdote  whicli  follows  as  an 
act  of  charity.  It  may  serve  to  exhilarate  those 
who  have  quailed  under  the  anxieties  of  the 
ij?  week :  — 


"  There  happened  a  prettj'  passap:e  to  me  once,  which 
happened  at  Utrecht,  which  was  this :  there  lived  one 
Myn  Here  Johnson  [Cornelius  Jansen],an  extraordinary 
eminent  painter,  of  my  former  acquaintance  in  England. 
I  showed  him  this  artificial  rainbow  [produced  by  a  ray 
of  light  admitted  into  a  dark  room  through  a  prism  of 
glass  ]  ;  he  asked  me  how  long  I  could  keep  it.  I  told 
him  that  I  could  keep  it  2  or  3  hours.  '  Then,'  saith  he, '  I 
will  send  for  my  pallat  of  coulors,  and  draw  it,  for  I  haye 
Linn  after  endeayouring  to  draw  one  in  the  fields,  but  it 
vanished  before  I  could  finish  it.'  Upon  which  I  laughed. 
He  asked  me  why  I  laughed ;  I  told  him  that  he  should 
see  anon  why  I  laughed,  but  assured  him  that  I  could 
keep  the  rainbow  2  or  3  hours  ;  upon  which  he  sent  a  ser- 
vant for  his  pallat  of  coulors,  and,  being  come,  he  tempered 
them  to  his  purpose  in  the  light.  Then  I  darkened  the 
room,  but  he  could  not  see  to  paint,  at  which  I  laughed 
again,  and  I  told  him  his  error,  which  was,  that  he  could 
not  see  to  paint  in  the  dark,  and  that  I  could  not  keep 
the  rainbow  in  the  light,  at  which  he  laughed  also 
heartily,  and  he  missed  his  design."  —  John  Bargrave, 
1673.   " 

BOLTO??'  COKNEY. 

Barnes,  S.W.  25  Feb. 


Old  Proverbs  akd  SAYiJircs. — In  Henderson's 
Folk-lore  of  the  Northern  Counties,  the  following 
saying  is  quoted  :  "  The  roolis  left  Chipchase  when 
the  Reeds  did."  I  think  this  must  be  a  made-up. 
The  Eeeds,  who  lived  at  Chipchase  a  few  years, 
were  not  in  any  way  related  to  the  most  ancient 
family  of  Reeds  of  Redesdale,  of  the  Cragg,  and 
of  Houghen— who  have  held  land  for  900  years ; 
and  the  manufacturer  of  the  saying  must  have 
confounded  the  two  families.  "         Safa. 

Army  and  Navy  Club. 

The  Memorable  Forgotten.  —  The  other  day 
I  laid  hand  on  a  copy  of  Dodsley's  Collection  of 
Poems,  with  the  names  of  most  of  its  unacknow- 
ledged contributaries  inserted  in  the  square  and 
firm  chirography  of  the  time.  Some  of  them  are, 
more  or  less,  known  to  fame  :  for  others,  Dodsley's 
selections  have  little  enough  of  the  nee  Dii  nee 
homines  to  encourage  curiosity.     I  subjoin,  how- 


ever, the  entire  list  alphabetised  for  the  readier 
reference,  if  preserved  in  "  N".  &  Q."  :  — 


Mr.  Alston. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  Hervey  As- 
ton. 

Lord  Bath. 

Mr.  Bedingfield. 

Mrs.  Bennett. 

Rd.  Berenger,  Esq. 

Rev.  Ttlr.  Bramston. 

John  Browne,  D.D. 

Mr.  Cobb. 

Mr.  Thomas  Cole. 

Mr.  F.  Coyentry,  "  Author 
of 'Pompey  the  Little.'" 

Marcus  D'Assigny,  "  Usher 
of  Western  School." 

Dr.  Davies,  "  1739." 

Thomas  Denton,  M.A. 

Rev.  Mr.  Duck. 

J.  Earl. 

Mr.  Ellis. 

Rey.  Paul  Fletcher,  "  Dean 
of  Kildare." 

Miss  Ferrar. 

Mr.  J.  Giles. 

N.  Llerbert,  Esq. 

Lord  Hervey. 

Mr.  Hj'lton' 

Dr.  Ibbott. 

Hildebrand  Jacob,  Esq. 

V\'.  Harrison,  "  1706." 

John  Hoadly. 

Dr.  Littleton. 


Mr.  Lovibond. 

Lady  Luxborough,  "  1745." 

Rev"  Dr.  Lisle. 

Mr.  Marriott. 

Lord  Melcombe. 

Moses  Mendez,  Esq.,  "1758."^ 

Mr.  Nourse,    "  All  Saints, 

Oxford,  1751." 
C.  Parratt,  "  Fellow  of  New 

College." 
Miss  Pennington. 
Mr.  Perry. 
Mrs.  Pilkington. 
Rev.  Mr.  Pitt. 
Mr.  Roderic. 
Mr.  Rollo. 

Dr.  Gloucester  Ridley. 
Benjamin  Stillingfleet. 


Magd. 


Dr.  J.  Sican, 

Dr.  Shipley,  "  1738 

Dr.  H.  Scott. 

Mr.  T.  Scott, 

Miss  Soper. 

Rev.  Mr.  Straight, 

Coll.  Oxon." 
Mr.  Titlev. 
Mr.  W.  Taylor. 
Key.  Mr.  Thompson.* 
Mr.  Trapp,  1741. 
Mr.  Vansittart. 
Anthony  Whistler,  Esq. 
E.  L.  S 


Ctjckikg  Stool. — I  quote  the  following  memo- 
randum from  the  Star  Cliamber  Reports,  Easter 
term,  1634,  as  given  in  Rush  worth's  Historical 
Collections,  v.  ii.  pt.  ii.  Append,  p.  57,  1st  edition  : 
"  Webster  versus  Lucas — Lihellous  Letters. 

"  The  Defendant,  bearing  malice  to  the  Plaintiff,  pro- 
cured a  libellous  and  Scolding  Letter  to  be  written  to  the 
Plaintiff,  and  then  to  be  written  over  by  a  Scrivener's 
Boy,  and  sent  him  by  a  Porter,  the  Letter  being  sub- 
scribed Joan  Tdl-Troth;  and  published  this  Letter  in 
several  Taverns  and  Ale-houses,  and  to  several  persons  in 
disgrace  of  the  Plaintifl",  whom  in  the  Letter  she  often 
termed  Scroggin,  with  other  disgraceful  names,  and  the 
Plaintiffs  Wife  Jczabel,  and  Daughter  of  Lucifer,  with 
other  Invective  terms  ;  and  also  caused  another  lil^e 
Scandalous  and  Invective  Letter,  subscribed  Tom  Tell- 
Trotli,  to  be  written,  and  sent  to  the  Plaintifi".  And 
therefore  she  was  committed,  fined  40/.,  bound  to  her 
good  Behaviour,  to  be  Duck'd  in  a  Cucking-stool  at  Hol- 
ioTO-Dike,  make  an  aeknov/ledgment  of  her  offence  at 
the  Vestry,  and  pay  the  Plaintifi'  20?.  damage." 

For  further  notes  on  this  instrument  of  torture, 
see  "  N.  &  Q."  1^'  S.  vii.  260,  viii.  315,  ix.  232, 
xii.  36 ;  2°''  S.  i.  490,  ii.  38,  98,  295 ;  Reliquia: 
Antiq.  ii.  176;  Cowell's  Interpreter,  sub.  voc. ; 
Jacob's  Lazv  Diet.  sub.  voc. ;  Willis'  Current  Notes, 


*  Was  this  "  Rev.  Mr.  Thompson"  the  Dean  of  Raphoe 
in  Ireland,  anno  1766,  or  the  Scottish  minister  of  Dun- 
fermline in  Scotland,  mentioned  in  Boswell's  Johnson, 
anno  1776  ? 


3"!  S.  XI.  Makcu  2,  'e?.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


173 


1854-1855  5  Gentleman'' s  Ma ffAxxiii.  1104,  cxxxi. 
pt.  I.  440 ;  Gay's  Shepherd's  Week —  The  Dicmps ; 
Ellis's  Brands  Antiq.,  1813,  ii.  442. 

Edward  Peacock. 

"  As  Dead  as  a  Door-Nail."  —  That  this  pro- 
verb is  old  enough  is  easily  shown.  It  occurs  in 
the  following  passages :  — 

"  For  but  ich  haue  bote  of  mi  bale  bi  a  schort  time, 
I  am  ded  as  dxire-nail ;  now  do  all  thi  wille  !  " 

irUHam  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  23,  1.  628. 

"  Thurth  the  bold  bodi  he  bar  him  to  the  erthe 
As  ded  as  dornayl,  to  deme  the  sothe." 

Id.  p.  122, 1.  339C. 
"  Feith  withouten  the  feet  is  right  nothyng  worthi. 
And  as  deed  as  a  dore-tree,  but  if  the  dedes  folwe." 
Fiers  Floughman,  ed.  Wright,  p.  26. 

For  which  another  MS.  (Trin.  Coll.  E.  3.  14) 
reads  — 

"Feith  withoute  fait  is  feblere  than  nought. 
And  as  ded  as  a  dorenail,  but  ghif  the  dede  folewe  "  ; 

both  of  which  latter  are  free  translations  of  St. 
James's  saying,  that  '•  faith  without  works  is 
dead." 

Sir  F.  Madden,  in  his  Glossary  to  William  and 
the  Wenoolf,  calls  it  "  a  proverb  which  has  become 
indigenous,  but  the  sense  of  which  it  is  difficult 
to  analyse  "  ;  and  I  am  very  much  of  the  same 
opinion.  "As  dead  as  a  door -tree, ''^  i.  e.  as  a  door- 
post, is  somewhat  more  intelligible,  for  the  wood 
of  which  the  post  is  formed  was  part  of  a  live 
tree  once.  There  is  then  a  possibility  that  such 
was  the  original  expression,  and  that  the  proverb 
was  transferred  from  the  door-post  itself  to  the 
nails  that  studded  the  door,  without  any  very 
great  care  as  to  maintaining  the  sense  of  the  ex- 
pression. There  are  other  sayings  in  the  same 
plight.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Passage  in  the  "AGA:ttEMXox." — The  other  day 
in  my  reading  I  stumbled  upon  something  which, 
to  my  mind,  explains  that  obscure  passage  in  the 
Agamemnon :  — 

Boi/s  IttX  yXdcrar)  ixeyas 
Be'STj/cei'. 

It  is  perfectly  agreeable  with  the  context  that 
the  Watchman  should  be  represented  as  saying 
that  he  has  been  bribed  to  silence,  or  that  he  ha^ 
been  initiated  into  a  great  mystery.  But  whether 
l3ovs  be  rendered  "  money"  ("  bull,"  in  the  argot 
of  St.  Giles's,  stands  for  a  crown  piece)  or  "bun," 
the  epithet  /jL^yas  is  coarse  and  unpoetic.  I  prefer 
the  other  reading,  /xeXus;  and  consider  that  the 
speaker  is  quoting  a  proverb  upon  the  authority 
of  what  Edie  Ochiltree,  in  The  Antiquary,  says 
to  Elspeth  Mucklebackit :  "The  hlack  ox  has 
been  under  your  roof,  cummer,  since  I  saw  you 
last."  In  this  sense  the  speaker  intimates  'his 
sorrow  at  what  he  knows.     J.  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Cuddington,  Aylesbury. 


PHILIP  LE  BEAU. 

In  January,  1506,  Archduke  Philip  the  Beau 
sailed  from  Middleburg  in  Zealand,  with  a  numer- 
ous convoy,  to  take  possession  of  the  crown  of 
Castile,  which  had  devolved  on  his  wife  Jeanne 
la  Folie.  Poor  "  Crazy  Jane  "  accompanied  him. 
Their  fleet  was  dispersed  by  stormy  weather  in 
the  Channel :  Philip's  ship  put  into  Weymouth ; 
the  others,  apparently,  where  they  could. 

A  German  antiquary,  Ernst  Miinch,  in  his 
Biograjihisch-Historische  Studicn  (Stuttgart,  1836), 
has  published  one  or  two  letters  from  terribly 
frightened  companions  of  Philip  on  this  unlucky 
voyage,  especially  Wolfgang  von  Fiirstenberg, 
the  Archduke's  Hofmeister.  But  as  the  editor 
has  added  no  explanation,  nor  corrected  or  mo- 
dernised the  worthy  knight's  extraordinary  spell- 
ing, I  give  some  extracts  in  original,  with  the 
most  plausible  conjectural  translation  I  can  make. 
They  may  serve  as  amusing  indications  of  the 
intellectual  attainments  of  the  chivalry  of  Crazy 
Jane's  court :  — 

"  Wolfgang  von  Fiirstenberg  to  his  wife.  (Dated 
'  Fallamue '  the  last  day  of  Januaiy,  anno  sexto.) 

"  Herz  lieber  Gemalel,  ich  lass  dich  wissen  dass  der 
koing  und  wir  al  mit  im  am  ersten  tag  nach  der  hailig 
trig  kuing  tag  zu  flissingen  in  se  lant  in  die  schiff  gesen- 
sen  sind  und  haben  wol  iiii  tag  guot  wint  gehapt  unt 
mit  demselben  wind  send  wir  wol  iif  halben  weg  gefaren 
da  ist  ain  wind  an  uns  kumen  aiu  gross  sturmwind  in 
der  nach  und  hat  die  ganz  nach  und  tag  gewerd  und  ist 
so  gros  gewessen  das  wir  al  uns  unser  leben  verwegen 
haben  ....  Doch  hat  uns  und  noch  ain  schif  mit  mir  got 
in  ain  HafFen  geworffen  das  wir  ai  unschaiden  dar  von 
kumen  send  und  in  den  Haffen  da  wir  kumen  send  ist  dess 
kuing  von  engellant  und  hast  das  lant  Korwallen  und  lit 
an  ierlant  do  die  liut  haiden  send  und  kain  ilaid  (Ideid  ?) 
tragen  doch  do  wir  jez  send  ist  Kristen  in  kuirz  warden. 
...  Da  ist  botschaft  kumen  dass  der  kuing  in  ain  ander 
haffen  kumen  ist  wol  1  myl  von  den  haffen  do  wir  ligen 
....  Was  got  wir  al  haben  gross  not  gelytten  aber  un 
die  schiff  die  gar  ertrunken  send  so  hat  der  kuing  und  die 
kuinge  die  in  aim  schiff  gew^esen  sind  am  meisten  not 
gelytten  un  ganz  sterben  haben  sy  mit  grosser  not  nit 
liden  muigen  der  kuing  hat  sich  so  vil  er  zuamal  wigt 
mit  siller  gen  Sant  Jacob  imd  unsser  fruowen  in  spam 
verhassen  al  dcs  kuingss  luit  und  die  fuessknecht  haben 
gross  walfart  verhassen  und  an  dail  edelluit  dass  sy  kard- 
nisser  werden  wollen  an  dal  kain  fieiss  ni  mer  essen  ich 
kau  dir  nit  schriben  was  jedermen  verhassen  hat  so  vil 
haben  sy  verhassen  ich  hab  ess  nit  wellen  duon  sunder 
mich  dem  almechtigen  got  befollen  ....  und  die  gresst 
beschwerd  die  ich  gehapt  hab  in  mins  sterben  ist  gewessen 
du  und  unsre  baide  kinder  und  min  frum  und  getruy  luit 
.  .  .  Und  hilfft  mir  got  von  dem  wasser  so  hab  ich  dafuer 
dass  mich  kayn  menst  (?)  mer  uf  dass  wasser  bring  doch 
hab  ich  es  nit  vernet  wir  haben  noch  wol  iic  mil  witer  zu 
faren  got  helf  uns  al ! 

"  My  dear  Consort :  I  have  to  tell  you  that  the  King 
and  all  of  us  with  him  embarked  at  Flushing  in  Zealand 
on  the  day  after  the  feast  of  the  Three  Kings,  and  had  a 
good  wind  for  four  days;  and  with  the  said  wind  we 
made  half  our  voyage  ;  then  a  wind  came  against  us,  a 


174 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^d  S.  XL  Maiicii  2,  '67 


great  storm  ivind  in  the  night,  and  lasted  all  night  and 
day,  and  was  so  great  that  -we  despaired  of  our  lives  .  .  . 
But  God  cast  us  and  a  ship  which  was  with  me  into  a 
haven,  so  that  we  all  escaped  without  mischief:  and  in 
the  haven  where  we  are  the  land  is  the  King  of  England's, 
and  is  called  Cornwall,  and  lies  hard  by  Ireland,  Avhere 
the  people  are  heathens  and  wear  no  clothes  ;  but  where 
we  are  they  have  lately  become  Christians  ....  Then 
came  a  message  to  us  that  the  King  had  gone  into  another 
haven,  fiftv  miles  (German)  from  that  in  which  we  lie 

0  God,  what  great  distress  we  have  all  suffered ! 

but  except  the  ships  which  were  altogether  sunk,  the 
King  and  Queen,  who  were  in  one  ship,  suflered  most : 
«nd  only  with  great  difficulty  did  they  escape  from  death. 
The  King  has  vowed  twice"  his  own  weight  in  silver  to 
Saint  James  and  our  Lady  in  Spain ;  all  the  King's 
people,  and  the  footmen,  have  vowed  great  pilgrimages  : 
part  of  the  noblemen,  that  they  woidd  become  Carthu- 
sians, another  part  that  they  would  never  eat  meat  any 
more :  I  cannot  tell  you  what  every  man  vowed,  they 
vowed  so  very  much.  I  would  not  do  it :  but  commended 
myself  to  Almighty  God ;  and  the  greatest  care  I  had  in 
my  death  was  for  you  and  our  two  children  and  my  loyal 
and  true  people.  And  if  God  helps  me  out  of  the  water, 
I  am  sure  of  this,  that  no  business  wiU  ever  bring  me 
again  upon  it :  but  true  it  is  that  we  have  two  hundred 
miles  farther  to  sail!  God  help  us  all!  " 

The  chief  reason  for  my  troubling  you  with 
this  specimen  is,  that  Herr  Miinch  says  in  his 
preface  that  it  was  announced  in  the  Scn'ptores 
Menim  Belgicarum  in  1829,  that  a  diary  of  King 
Philip's  voyage  had  Leen  discovered,  and  would 
appear  in  that  collection,  but  that  he  had  never 
seen  it.  If  it  exists,  it  might  contain  matters  of 
some  little  importance  for  our  own  history;  for 
Henry  VII.  detained  Philip  three  months  in  Eng- 
land, and  only  let  him  go  imder  some  hard  con- 
ditions. Jea^-  LE  TKOTJVErE. 


DEYDEX  QUERIES.— Xo.  11. 

1.  Pepys  mentions,  September  15,  1668,  a  play, 
"a  translation  out  of  French  by  Dryden,"  called 
the  Ladies  a  la  Mode.  He  describes  it  as  a  com- 
plete failure.  Is  anything  more  known  about  this 
play? 

2.  Is  anythingknown  of  a  poem  to  King  "William 
published  in  Dryden's  name,  with  an  apology  for  his 
past  life  and  writings  prefixed,  dedicated  to  Lord 
Dorset,  mentioned  in  Oldys's  Xotcs?  ("  N.  &  Q." 
2"''  S.  xi.  162.)  It  is  app'arently  not  the  same  as 
the  Address  of  John  Dryden,  Laureate,  to  his 
Highness  the  Piince  of  Orange,  1659,  folio. 

3,  I  am  obliged  to  11.  B.  D.  for  his  answers  to 
some  of  my  previous  Dryden  queries.  As  to  the 
Epilogue  for  Calisto,  which,  in  the  original  edi- 
tion of  the  Miscellany  Poems  published  by  Dry- 
den himself,  was  not  given  as  his,  what  authority 
is  due  to  the  assignment  of  it  to  Dryden  in  a 
republication  several  years  after  his  death  ?  It 
ia  not  included  in  the  Prologues  and  Epilogues  of 
Dryden  republished  from  the  3Iiscellany  Poems  in 
Tonson's  folio  editions  of  Dryden's  Poems  of  1701 
[the  year  after  Dryden's  death]. 


I  4.  Sir  "Walter  Scott  conjectured  that  Dryden's 
Prologue  to  the  revived  play  of  Alhinmizar  must 
have  been  written  after  the  Revolution  of  1688, 
on  account  of  a  passage  which  has  been  regarded 
as  an  allusion  to  ShadweU  as  Poet  Laureate : — 

"  Such  men  in  poetiy  may  claim  some  part, 
They  have  the  license,  though  the3'  want  the  art : 
And  might,  ichere  theft  was  praised,  for  laureate  stand, 
Poets,  not  of  the  head,  but  of  the  hand." 

•  There  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  the  Prologue 
was  written  earlier.  It  is  printed  in  a  collection 
of  poetry,  Covcnt  Garden  Drollery,  published  in 
1672,  which  lies  before  me ;  and  for  the  line  in 
which  laureate  occurs,  it  stood  then  — 

"  Such  as  in  Sparta  weight  for  laurels  stand." 
Query — Are  iceight   and  laurels  probable  mis- 
prints for  7mght  and  laureates,  or  can  they  be  cor- 
rect ?     Dryden  altered  the  line  before  the  Revo- 
lution and  ShadweU's  laureateship.  CH. 


Arms  op  the  See  of  Aberdeen.  —  These  I 
find  blazoned  thus :  — "  Az.  a  temple  arg.,  S. 
Michael  standing  in  the  porch,  mitred  and  vested, 
and  in  the  act  of  blessing  three  children  in  a 
boiling  cauldron,  all  ppr."  Surely  it  must  be 
'S'.  Nicholas,  and  not  S.  Michael,  who  is  thus  re- 
presented ;  but  perhaps  some  correspondent  can 
kindly  inform  me  under  whose  invocation  the  old 
cathedral  of  Aberdeen  was  placed,  and  if  1  am 
correct  in  my  supposition.  J.  Woodward. 

Montrose. 

Chants  for  HxinsS. — "What  is  the  name  of 
the  chant  ordered  by  Archbishop  Whately  from 
a  Dublin  composer,  and  fitted  by  authority  to  a 
rhythmical  hymn  ?  Fitzpatrick,  in  his  Life  of 
the  Archbishop,  vol.  ii.  p.  173,  speaks  of  the  disap- 
pointment and  protest  of  the  composer  at  the 
mcsseance,  and  adds,  "  the  Archbishop  knew  more 
about  his  mitre  than  his  metre "  ;  but  we  now 
know  that  it  can  be  done  with  great  musical  ef- 
fect, as  in  the  cases  of  Troyte  No.  1  and  No.  2, 
and  others,  in  Hymns  Ancient  and  3Iodern. 

George  Llotd. 

Darlington. 

Cithern  :  Rebeck.  —  I  -vNish  to  leam  the 
identity  between  the  cithern  and  the  modern 
German  zither.  I  purchased  a  zither  some  three 
years  ago,  when  the  International  Exhibition  had 
brought  it  into  notice.  Since  then,  one  or  two 
professors  have  advertised  that  they  give  lessons 
upon  it.  It  is,  however,  believed  to  have  been 
in  past  time  a  very  favourite  English  musical 
instrument,  in  accompaniment  to  songs,  dances, 
&c. ;  and  I  should  like  to  see  some  of  our  English 
makers  take  it  in  hand.  The  fashion  ofthe  day 
is,  however,  so  much  in  favour  with  noisy  wind 


3rd  s.  XI.  Makcii  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


175. 


music,  as  to  drive  comparatively  out  of  the  field 
the  pure  sound  of  strings. 

Is  there  a  rebeck  to  be  seen  in  any  of  the  London 
museums  ?  It  must  have  been  a  popular  instru- 
ment as  late  as  Milton's  day,  yet  there  is  nothing 
bearing  an}^  affinity  to  it  in  our  time.  A  drawing 
is  given  in  Hullah's  Lectures  on  the  Histoi-y  of 
Music,  but  without  any  measurement  to  guide 
one  in  constructing  it.  E.  S. 

Susanna,  wife  op  Robert  Creswell,  Bltje- 
MANTLE  Pursuivant.  —  Stow,  in  his  Stn-vey  of 
London,  gives  an  epitaph  as  existing  in  St.  Bo- 
tolph's  Church,  Aldersgate,  to  the  memory  of 
"  Susanna,  Andreas  Lionis  Patria  Garnseyensis, 
imica  filia,  uxor  Roberti  Creswell,  alias  Blew- 
mantle,  Prosecutoris  ad  arma,"  &c.,  who  died 
Dec.  23,  1590.  The  Creswells  were,  I  believe, 
from  Southampton,  whither  many  Guernsey  men 
resorted  in  those  days  for  the  sake  of  trade.  I 
am  desirous  of  knowing  what  was  the  real  name 
of  this  lady,  which  I  suspect  to  have  been  Lihou — 
a  family  still  numerous  in  the  island — whether 
she  was  entitled  to  coat-armour,  and  if  so,  what 
were  the  arms  borne  by  her  family  ?        E.  M'C. 

Guernsej'. 

Cranmer  Fajiily  (3'''  S.  xi,  6G.)— When  was 
the  archbishop's  family  first  subject  to  the  at- 
tainder quoted  by  F.  L.,  and  for  what  reason  ? 

E.  L. 

Dancing  in-  Church.— The  Rev.  Canon  Dal- 
ton's  note  on  "  Dancing  before  the  High  Altar  in 
the  Cathedral  at  Seville  "  (3^'»  S.  xi.  132)  reminds 
me  to  make  an  inquiry.  More  than  twenty  years 
ago  a  right  revei'end  prelate,  now  deceased,  men- 
tioned to  me  a  book,  which,  as  I  understood  him 
at  the  time,  he  said  was  by  a  Dr.  Herder  under  the 
title  of  De  SaUationihus  EcclesicB.  Taking  the 
author's  name  and  the  title  to  be  as  just  men- 
tioned, I  have  repeatedly  sought,  but  never  was 
successful  in  finding,  such  a  work.  Perhaps  some 
kind  correspondent  of  "  X.  &  Q."  may  be  able  to 
identify  it,  or  point  out  a  work  on  the  above  sub- 
ject to  *  Matthew  Cooke. 

Oliver  Goldsmith.  —  Was  Goldsmith  really 
a  graduate  of  Padua  ?  In  the  cloisters  of  the 
University  are  numerous  shields  and  memorials  of 
eminent  itranr/er  graduates,  but  I  cannot  find 
Goldsmith  there,  though  I  have  made  a  careful 
examination.  J,  H.  Dixon. 

Florence. 

Historical  Query. — It  would  appear  from 
Froude's  Histoi-y  of  the  Eeign  of  Elizabeth  as  if 
the  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  the  Earl  of  Hertford,  and 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk  had  claims  on  the  succession 
to  the  English  throne.  How  is  this  proved  ? 
Anon. 

[  *  Dr.  Herder  was  not  the  author  of  this  work.     See  ! 
" N.  &  Q."  2"J  S.  iv.  3.J.— Ed.]  | 


Hymeneal.  —  1.  Has  a  wedding  after  simset 
ever  been  held  unlucky  among  the  Scotch  pea- 
santry ? 

2.  Who  was  the  author  of  the  lines  from  a 
husband  to  a  wife,  with  the  present  of  a  knife, 
beginning  — 

"  A  knife,  my  dear,  cuts  love,  they  sa.j : 
IMcre  modish  love  perhaps  it  may ; 
For  any  tool  of  any  kind 
Can  separate  what  was  never  joined  "  .' 

What  is  their  date,  and  where  can  they  be  met' 
■^ith  ?  William  Henderson. 

Two  Irish  Dramas.  —  The  tragedies  named 
below  are  uncommonly  scarce,  and  I  believe  arc- 
not  to  be  found  in  the  libraries  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  the  Bodleian,  or  British  Museum.  If  any 
of  your  Irish  readers  who  are  '' collectors"'  have 
copies,  would  they  inform  me  where  the  scene  is 
laid,  or  give  me  the  names  of  the  dramatis  per-- 
soncp? — 1.  The  Treacherous  Husband,  a  tragedy^ 
by  Samuel  Davies,  1737,  acted  at  Dublin.  See 
Hitchcock's  Irish  Stage.  2.  The  Shipivrccked 
Lovers,  a  tragedy,  with  Poems,  1801,  Dublin,  by 
James  Templeton.  I  wish  very  much  to  obtaio 
any  particulars  regarding  the  author  last  named_, 
which  may  be  gleaned  from  his  preface,  title- 
page,  or  Miscellaneous  Poems.  R.  I, 

"The  Key  of  Paradise."' — I  should  much- 
like to  have  some  account  of  this  book.  I  do  not 
find  it  in  any  bibliotheca.  Ralph  Thomas. 

Leslie  Family.  —  Who  was  James  Leslie 
(called  Count)  of  Deanhaugh,  Edinburgh,  whose 
daughter  Jacobina  was  the  first  wife  of  Daniel 
Vere,  last  of  Stonebynes,  and  whose  widow  Anne 
(Edgar)  Leslie  married  Sir  LI.  Raeburn. 

Anne  Edgar,  the  wife  of  James  Leslie,  was 
daughter  of  Peter  Edgar  (son  of  James  Edgar  and 
Jean  Broun,  supposed  of  the  Coulston  family),  by 
his  wife  Anne,  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Hay, 
minister  of  Peebles  in  1727,  and  son  of  Gilbert 
Hay,  who  I  understand  was  either  the  son  or 
grandson  of  Hay  of  Haystone. 

A  reference  to  "  Geo.  Broun  "  (circa  1611)  in 
the  pedigree  of  the  baronets  of  Coulston,  will 
elucidate  to  a  certain  extent  the  question  now 
asked.  The  photograph  (genealogically)  is  here 
no  doubt,  but  requires  development.       '      L.  A. 

Change  of  Name.  —  Is  there  any  legal  process 
by  which  a  parent  may  alter  the  baptismal  name 
of  an  infant  by  adding  one  to  it,  or  by  taking 
away  one  where  it  has  two  or  more  ?  There  was 
lately  a  permission  granted  by  the  Vice-Chancelr 
lor  (?)  for  an  attorney  to  abandon  the  use  of  cer- 
tain of  his  own  baptismal  names.  Can  baptismal 
names  be  entirely  cancelled,  and  the  register 
altered  in  nonage  or  minority  ?  S. 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XI.  March  2,  '67. 


Peter  van  den  Broeck's  Tratels. — What 
is  the  full  title  of  the  book,  and  what  the  name  of 
the  animal  to  which  allusion  is  made  in  the  follow- 
ing extract  ?  I  suspect  the  worthy  Dutchman  has 
drawn  largely  on  his  invention  :  — 

"This  Dragon  hath  but  two  Legs,  and  so  is  the  same 
with  our  Wiverne,  which  I  took  to  be  only  an  imaginary 
Beast,  till  reading  the  Travels  of  Peter  van  den  Broeck,  a 
Dutchman,  I  observe  he  acknowledges  such  an  Animal 
in  Angola  as  big  as  a  Ram,  winged  as  a  Dragon,  a  long 
tail  and  snout,  and  having  but  two  legs." — Gibbon's  In- 
troductio  ad  Latinam  Blazoniam,  p.  123.     London,  1862. 

J.  Woodward. 

WiGTOFT  ChURCHAVARDENS'  ACCOUNTS.  —  In 
the  Illustrations  of  Manners  and  E.rpences  from 
Churchwardens'  Accounts,  4to,  1797, "  published 
by  Mr.  John  Nichols,  the  early  churchwardens' 
accounts  of  the  parish  of  Wigtoft,  co.  Lincoln,  are 
printed.  I  am  very  anxious  to  know  what  is  the 
present  place  of  custody  of  the  original  manu- 
scripts. Edward  Peacock,  F.S.A. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

WiLLAN,  Robert,  physician  of  Bloomsbury 
Square,  practised  about  the  middle  of  last  century. 
I  shall  feel  obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  will 
inform  me  (privately  if  it  is  of  too  little  import- 
ance for  an  answer  in  your  columns)  whether  a 
portrait  of  the  above  is  known. 

Eaxph  Thomas. 
1,  Powis  Place,  W.C. 

Sir  Walter  Whittt.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  where  the  legend  of  Sir  Walter 
Whitty  and  his  cat  is  to  be  found,  or  where  any 
information  may  be  gained  relative  to  this  ancient 
family?  An  Antiquary. 


Darwin  (3""  S.  xi.  105.)  — 

"  Brown  Ecclesborue  comes  in,  then  Amber  from  the  east, 
Of  all  the  Derbian  nymphs  of  Darwin  loved  the  best." 

To  what  Darwin  does  this  refer  ?  The  poet  of 
that  name,  to  whom  it  seems  applicable,  was  not 
born  till  a  century  after  the  death  of  Drayton, 
from  whom  the  lines  are  quoted.  D. 

[Darwin  is  Drayton's  poetical  name  for  the  Derwent 
rivei-,  which  has  its  source  in  the  mountainous  regions  of 
the  High  Peak ;  receives  on  its  eastern  bank  the  Amber, 
and  on  its  western  the  Ecclesbourne,  and  has  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Trent.  Drayton  thus  notices  its  course  in 
the  Argument  of  the  twenty-sixth  Song  of  the  Poly-Ol- 
hion :  — 

"  Then  rouses  up  the  aged  Peak, 

And  of  her  wonders  makes  her  speak  : 

Then  Darwin  down  by  Derbj''  tends, 

And  at  her  fall,  to  Trent,  it  ends."] 


To  "■  kythe  :  "  Scotch  Psalms. — In  the  Scotch 
metrical  version  of  the  Psalms  there  occurs  a  sin- 
gular verse,  as  follows  (Psalm  xviii.  25,  26)  :  — 

"Thou  gracious  to  the  gracious  art, 
To  upright  men  upright ; 
Pure  to  the  pure,  froward  Thou  kytWst, 
Unto  the  froward  wight." 

This  extract  is  from  the  presently-used  version, 
and  "allowed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Kirk  of  Scotland  to  be  more  plain,  smooth,  and 
agreeable  to  the  text  than  any  heretofore  "  (see 
title-page).  But,  allowing  there  is  no  difficulty 
in  ascertaining  the  proper  meaning  of  the  verse,  I 
fail  altogether  to  discover  from  any  lexicographer 
the  derivation  of  the  word  kytKd.  Perhaps  some 
of  your  readers  can  supply  a  want  not  hitherto 
supplied  by  any  commentator. 

Scotticisms  do  not  occur,  so  far  as  I  am  aware, 
in  any  of  our  psalms,  paraphrases,  or  hymns  in 
use  among  the  Scotch  churches. 

EoBSON  McKay. 

Lj^bster. 

[The  derivation  of  the  verb  "  To  kythe  "  is  given  in 
Jamleson's  Supplement.  It  is  the  Anglo-Saxon  "  kythan." 
See  Bosworth's  Dictionary.'] 

PcENULATUS. — Riddle's  Latin  Dictionary,  in  voe. 
"  poenula,"  refers  to  Cicero  as  using  the  word 
pcenulatus  for  a  traveller  (great-coated,  as  we 
should  say),  but  without  more  specific  reference. 
Where  is  the  word  found  in  Cicero  ?  The  exist- 
ing discussions  on  <peK6vt]v  (2  Tim.  iv.  13)  give  in- 
terest to  this  question.  W.  P.  P. 

[The  word  occurs  twice  in  Cicero :  "  Cum  hie  insidiator, 
qui  iter  illud  ad  csedem  faciendam  apparasset,  cum  uxore 
yeheretur  in  rheda,  pcenulatus"  (Pro  Milone,  cap.  10.) 
"  Tamen  appareret,  uter  esset  insidiator,  uter  nihil  cogi- 
taret  mali,  cum  alter  veheretur  in  rheda  pcenulatus,  una 
sederet  uxor." — Ih.  cap.  20.  ] 

Beguines. — In  Mosheim's  Ecclesiastical  History, 
cent.  xiii.  sect.  40,  note,  is  this  sentence :  — 

"  In  a  large  work,  now  almost  finished,  I  have  traced 
the  history  of  the  difi"erent  sects  to  whom  these  names 
(Beghardi  and  Beghinse)  have  been  given  ;  detecting  the 
errors  into  which  many  learned  men  have  fallen  in  treat- 
ing this  portion  of  Church  history." 

The  editor  (Maclaine)  of  the  English  transla- 
tion, Glasgow,  1829,  saj's,  "  This  work  has  not 
yet  appeared."  Can  you  inform  me  whether  since 
then  it  has  been  published;  and,  if  so,  whether 
it  has  been  translated  ?  George  Tragett. 

Awbridge  Danes. 

[This  posthumous  and  nnfinished  treatise  by  Mosheim 
seems  to  have  escaped  the  notice  of  his  editors  and  bio- 
graphers. It  is  entitled  "  lo.  Lavrentii  a  Mosheim  inclvti 
Georgiae  Avgvstae,  dvm  in  vivis  esset,  canceliarii  De 
Beghardis  et  Begvinabvs  commentarivs.  Fragmentvm  ex 
ipso  MS.  avctoi-is  celeberrimi  libro  edidit,  dvplici  appen- 
dice,  complvrivm  diplomatvm  varietate  lectionis,  notis 


3r(i  S.  XI.  March  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


177 


aliis,  et  indice  necessario  locvpletavit  Georgivs  Henricvs 
Martini,  A.M.  scholae  ad  D.  Nicol.  Rector.  Lipsiae  in 
Libraria  Weidmannia,  1790,  8vo."] 

Palfbet. — Can  you  inform  me  regarding  the 
meaning  of  the  word  "  palfrey  "  in  the  following 
sentence  in  Croker's  edition  of  Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson  (vol.  v.  p.  20)  :  "  I  lay  late  and  had  only 
palfrey  to  dinner  ?  "  F.  R  S. 

[A  learned  friend  lias  suggested  the  following  explana- 
tion :  — For  Dr.  Johnson's  supposed  statement  that  (on 
March  17,  1782)  he  had  only  palfrei/  for  dinner — if  not  a 
misprint  for  pale  fry — it  may  be  conjectured,  especially 
when  we  see  wliat  he  says  respecting  his  dinner  on  days 
preceding  and  following,  that  we  ought  to  read  '•  only 
pastry,"  suppose  we  say  cheese-cakes.  He  was  out  of 
health  (at.  seventy-three)  and  occasionally  reduced  his 
diet.  Thus  respecting  March  14  he  writes,  "  On  that 
day  I  took  little  food,  and  no  flesh."    And  on  March  18, 

"  I  rose  late I  then  dined  on  tea,"  &c.     His  diet 

then  was  frequently  low. 

Something  must  also  be  said  respecting  Johnson's 
handwriting.  It  will  be  found  on  examination  of  his 
MS.  correspondence  (a  volume  of  which  is  now  before  us), 
that  in  combining  the  two  letters  s  and  t  he  often  wrote 
the  longy  (as  in  muft,  moft.)  Xow  suppose  him  to  have 
in  this  manner  written  pastry  (paffry),  the  long/ might 
have  easily  been  taken  for  /  and  the  t  for  /'.  Thus  for 
pastry  we  should  have  palfry.  And  having  got  so  fai",  e 
would  of  course  be  cleverly  popped  in  by  wa}'  of  "  emen- 
dation," and  so  we  should  get  palfrey.  And  so  the  good 
Doctor,  even  at  a  time  when  he  is  abstaining  from  flesh, 
is  represented  as  dining  from  palirey  under  his  own  hand  ! 
So  hippophagy  is  not  so  new  as  some  people  might  ima- 
gine.] 

Shaving  at  Crosslng  the  Line.— Can  any  one 
amongst  your  salt-water  readers  inform  me  if  the 
ceremonies  (both  barbarous  and  barberous  !)  which 
used  to  be  practised  on  a  vessel's  ''  crossing  the 
line  "  are  still  kept  up  ?  and  also  if  these  singular 
rites  were  in  vogue  in  the  merchant  service,  or 
were  confined  to  the  navy  ?  'Lash  Lubber. 

[Both  in  thfe  -aavj  and  the  merchant  service  "  Xep- 
tune's  shaving  soap  "  and  "  Neptune's  razor  "  were  put  in 
requisition  during  the  grand  marine  saturnalia  at  cross- 
ing the  line.  We  doubt  whether  Jack  has  entirely  relin- 
quished this  equatorial  shaving  ;  but  from  the  improved 
regulations  of  late  years  on  board  ship,  the  custom,  we 
have  every  reason  to  believe,  has  well  nigh  died  out.] 

^  Balmoral.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
give  the  true  etymology  of  the  name  ?  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  (but  I  may  be  mistaken)  that  it 
is  composed  of  the  three  Gaelic  words,  Bal-mohr- 
alt,  which  would  imply  some  such  meaning  as  the  j 
''town  of  the  great  burn."  On  looking  at  the 
topographical  features  of  the  district,  it  is  clear 
that  the  burn  of  the  Gelder,  which  runs  through 
the  "  royal  demesne,"  a  little  to  the  west  of  the 


palace,  is  the  largest  tributary  to  the  river  Dee 
on  the  Balmoral  side,  from,  I  think,  the  Girnaff 
to  the  Garrawalt.  a.  J, 

[It  has  been  suggested  that  Balmoral  means  the  House 
of  the  Great  Kock  :  from  BaV,  or  Baile,  a  house,  and  iKfor, 
great,  and  Al,  a  rock.] 

_  Judge  Crawley.  —  Can  you  give  me  informa- 
tion relating  to  Judge  Crawley  (sometimes  called 
Chief  Justice  Crawley),  when  he  lived  and  exer- 
cised that  office,  whether  any  act  of  his  procured 
him  celebrity  at  the  time,  or  whether  he  was  in 
any  respect  remarkable  ?  I  have  lately  seen  a 
beautiful  portrait  of  him  by  Sir  Peter  Lely  in  an 
old  mansion  in  the  coimtry.  The  family  set  great 
store  by  the  picture,  but  acknowledge  they  know- 
nothing  at  all  about  him,  0.  S. 

[There  were  two  judges  of  this  name.  Francis  Craw- 
ley, Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
I.,  who  died  on  February  13,  1649  ;  and  his  second  son, 
Francis  Crawley,  Cursitor  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  who 
died  in  the  early  part  of  the  j'ear  1683.  Some  account  of 
each  of  them  is  given  in  Foss's  Judges  of  England,  vi. 
285  ;  vii.  84.  Lely's  portrait  is  most  probably  that  of  the 
Cursitor  Baron.] 

A  Proleln-g.— What  is  a  ''proleing"?  In  a 
Star  Chamber  case  (7  Car.  L),  the  defendant 
being  asked  for  a  larger  contribution,  said,  "  If 
it  is  the  king's  pleasure  that  these  exactions  be 
made,  then  we  must  needs  think  that  he  is  a  very 
beggarly  prince,  or  a  proleing." 

John-  S.  BuRif. 
The  Grove,  Henley. 

[When  the  defendant  says  "  a  very  beggarly  prince  or 
a  proleing,"  he  apparently  means,  to  speak  plainly,  "  beg- 
garly or  a  thief."  To  prole,  prolle,  or  prowle,  occasion- 
all}'  meant,  in  old  English,  to  plunder,  to  rob.  Skinner 
derives  this  word,  prole  or  prowl,  from  proyeler,  to  steal, 
which  he  \'iew3  as  a  diminutive  form  of  proier,  an  old 
French  verb  from  proi/e,  plunder. 

"Proleing "  might  be  deemed  a  derivative  from  proyeler, 
only  that  for  the  latter  word,  unfortunately.  Skinner 
gives  us  no  authority,  nor  are  we  able  to  supply  the 
omission.  Skinner  indeed  appears  to  have  fancied  tlie 
word  proyeler  as  a  step  between  the  French  proier  and 
the  English  prole.  Let  us  therefore  lay  proyeler,  as  am- 
biguous, entirely  out  of  the  question.  "  Proleing,"  then, 
the  word  now  needing  explanation,  maj'  be  taken  as 
simply  the  participle  of  the  old  English  verb  prole,  or 
prolle,  to  rob.  For  the  further  clearance  of  the  passage 
let  us  introduce  a  h3'phen,  and  read  "  either  he  is  a  very 
beggarly  prince,  or  he  is  a-proleing"— a-sfea/iw^r.  ] 

Moss. — 1.  There  is  a  couplet  upon  an  unpopular 
bride  — 

"  Joy  go  with  her  and  a  bottle  of  moss, 
If  she  never  comes  back  she'll  be  no  great  loss." 

To  what  does  the  "  bottle  of  moss  "  refer  ? 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  Maech  2,  '67. 


'2.  The  derivation  of  the  surname  Moss?  It  is 
a  frequent  Jewish  name,  but  English  also. 

3.  Are  there  any  legends  parallel  to  that  of  the 
German  "  Moss  Folk  "  or  "  Moss  People  "  known 
in  other  countries,  and  what  are  they  ? 

A  Moss  Teoopek. 

[A  bottle  means  a  bundle,  from  the  French  hoteler.  "  A 
bottle  of  straw  "  is  an  every-day  expression  in  Scotland, 
and  was  formerly  common  in  England.  A  bottle  of  moss 
is  a  thing  of  no  value.  In  Howell's  English  Proverbs  we 
have — 

"  A  thousand  pounds  and  a  bottle  of  hay 
Is  all  one  thing  at  Dooms  day." 

"We  have  known  pieces  of  divot  thrown  after  an  un- 
popular bride,  and  these  might  easily  be  replaced  by 
bundles  of  moss.] 

Heealdic  Query.  —  I  lately  saw  an  old  stove 
in  Scotland  initialed  T.  E  :  M.  G.,  upon  which  was 
a  shield  parted  pale — (1)  harry  of  seven  pieces, 
each  of  2,  4,  and  6,  with  three  (tree  tops  ?)  upon 
them;  (2)  three  keys,  two  over  one.  Can  any 
correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  to  what 
families  these  arms  respectively  belong  ?  A. 

[We  suspect  that  the  first  two  initials  should  be  T.  F. 
not  T.  E.  The  only  Scotch  arms  which  resemble  those 
described  (1)  are  those  of  Fotheringham  of  Pourie  as 
blazoned  by  Mr.  Gibbon :  "  Gerit  tres  fasciolas  coccineas 
in  parmula  argentea,  muris  Armenia  maculis  inter- 
stincta."  The  word  fasciola  is  here  evidently  used  for 
fasciculus,  and  the  term  means  "  a  bunch  of  red  flowers," 
■which  might  easily  be  mistaken  for  the  top  of  a  tree. 

The  second  coat  is  clearlj'^  that  of  some  family  of  the 
name  of  Gibson,  with  which  the  initials  agree.] 


ADVERTISING. 
(S'"  S.  xi.  117.) 
He  that  would  write  the  history  of  advertising, 
from  its  origin  to  its  culmination  in  the  "  Who's 
Griffiths?"  of  the  passing  hour,  will  in  vain  at- 
tempt to  trace  a  regular  growth  and  progress  from 
Noah  tothe  nineteenth  century.  On  investigating 
the  subject,  however  he  may  shake  his  head  at 
Dr.  Darwin,  he  will  soon  become  a  convert,  so  far 
as  advertisements  are  concerned,  to  a  plurality  of 
races.  True,  there  may  in  some  instances  have 
been  borrowing :  as  in  that  of  the  French  borrow- 
ing from  the  Italians,  i.  e.  the  Gauls  from  the 
Komans.  We,  in  like  manner,  have  borrowed 
from  the  French.  The  advertising  van,  which  of 
late,  however,  has  begun  to  disappear  from  our 
streets,  is  but  an  old-fashioned  institution  of  the 
good  city  of  Paris.  But  on  the  whole  it  will 
appear  that  each  people  and  nation  has  gradually 
formed  for  itself  its  own  system  of  advertisement, 


according  to  its  own  tastes,  habits,  and  require- 
ments. 

Your  correspondent  asks  for  information  re- 
specting the  beginnings  of  advertising,  of  whatever 
kind.  The  mode  adopted  by  the  Hebrews  appears 
to  have  been  chiefly  by  word  of  mouth,  not  by 
writing.  Hence  the  same  Hebrew  word,  hara, 
signifies  to  cry  aloud,  and  to  annoimce  or  make 
publicly  known  (ktjpvo-o-cii/)  ;  and  the  announce- 
ment or  proclamation,  as  a  matter  of  course,  was 
usually  made  in  the  streets  and  chief  places  of 
concourse.  The  matters  thus  proclaimed  were 
chiefly  of  a  sacred  kind,  as  might  be  expected 
under  a  theocracy;  and  we  have  no  evidence  that 
secular  affairs  were  made  the  subject  of  similar 
announcements.  In  one  instance,  indeed  (Is.  xiii. 
3),  hara  has  been  supposed  to  signify  the  calling 
out  of  troops  ;  but  this  may  be  doubted. 

The  Greeks  came  a  step  nearer  to  our  idea  of 
advertising ;  for  they  made  their  public  announce- 
ments by  writing,  as  well  as  orally.  For  an- 
nouncement by  word  of  mouth  they  had  their 
K77pii|,  who  with  various  offices  besides  combined 
that  of  public  crier.  His  duties  as  crier  appear  to 
have  been  restricted,  with  few  exceptions,  to  state 
announcements  and  to  great  occasions.  He  gave 
notice,  however,  of  sales.  For  the  publication  of 
their  laws  the  Greeks  employed  various  kinds  of 
tablets — TTiVoKey,  ajores,  Kx'ip^eis.  On  these  the  laws 
were  written,  to  be  displayed  for  public  in- 
spection. 

The  Romans  largely  advertised  private  as  well 
as  public  matters,  and  by  writing  as  well  as  by 
word  of  mouth.  They  had  their  prcBcones,  or 
criers,  who  not  only  had  their  public  duties,  but 
announced  the  time,  place,  and  conditions  of  sales, 
and  cried  things  lost.  Hawkers  cried  their  owm 
goods.  Thus,  Cicero  speaks  of  one  who  cried 
figs :  "  Cauneas  clamitabat "  {De  Divin.  ii.  40). 
But  the  Romans  also  advertised,  in  a  stricter  sense 
of  the  term,  by  writing.  The  bills  were  called  lihelli, 
and  were  used  for  advertising  sales  of  estates,  for 
absconded  debtors,  and  for  things  lost  or  found. 
The  advertisements  were  often  written  on  tablets 
(tabellcp),  which  were  affixed  to  pillars  (piles, 
columnfB).  On  the  walls  of  Pompeii  have  been 
discovered  various  advertisements.  There  will 
be  a  dedication,  or  formal  opening  of  certain 
baths.  The  company  attending  are  promised 
slaughter  of  wild  beasts,  athletic  games,  per- 
fumed sprinkling,  and  awnings  i§  keep  off  the 
sun  (venatio,  athletcc,  sparsiones,  tela).  One  other 
mode  of  public  announcement  employed  by  the 
Romans  should  be  mentioned,  and  that  was  by 
signs  suspended,  or  painted  on  the  wall.  Thus, 
a  suspended  shield  served  as  the  sign  of  a  tavern 
(Quintil.,  vi.  3),  and  nuisances  were  prohibited  by 
a  painting  of  two  sacred  serpents  (Pers.,  i.  113). 

Among  the  French,  advertising  appears  to  have 
become  very  general  towards  the   close   of  the 


S'l  S.  XI.  March  2,  'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


179 


sixteenth  century.  In  particular,  placards  attack- 
ing private  character  had  in  consequence  of  the 
religious  wars  become  so  numerous  and  out- 
rageous, that  subsequently,  in  1652,  the  govern- 
ment found  it  necessary  to  interpose  for  their 
repression.  '» 

With  regard  to  English  advertising,  Dr.  Andrew 
Wynter,  in  his  valuable  and  very  interesting 
Curiosities  of  Civilization,  mentions  an  advertise- 
ment of  "  Irenodia  gratidatoria,  an  Heroick 
Poem,"  1G52,  occurring  in  the  Mercurius  Poli- 
ticus,  a  parliamentary  paper,  as  the  first  adver- 
tisement he  has  met  with.  But  Nicliols,  in  his 
Literary  Anecdotes  (iv.  47),  states  that  the  first 
regular  advertisement  which  he  has  met  with 
occurs  in  No.  7  of  the  hnpcrial  Intelligencer  of 
1648-9.  It  is  from  a  gentleman  of  Candish,  in 
Suflblk,  from  whom  two  horses  had  been  stolen. 
Surely  however,  amongst  the  announcements  of 
books  inserted  by  booksellers  at  the  close  of  their 
published  volumes,  some  advertisements  may  be 
found  of  still  earlier  date. 

The  modern  system  of  advertising,  though 
mightily  advanced  both  as  to  variety  and  as  to 
breadth  of  circulation,  exhibits  no  difi'erence  in 
principle  from  the  methods  of  former  days.  To 
that  same  source,  whence  comes  the  increase  of 
books,  may  we  also  trace  the  increase  of  adver- 
tisements— both  are  mainly  due  to  the  invention 
of  printing.  ScHix. 


GREY  MARE'S  TAIL. 
(3^'J  S.  X.  432,  485.) 
In  corroboration  of  the  derivation  of  ''  Grey 
Mare's  Tail "  from  mare,  pond  or  pool,  as  Sexh 
Wait  suggests,  I  may  state  that  there  seems  little 
doubt  that  in  some  cases  the  names  of  streams 
have  thus  originated.  Thus  we  have  ''  Maar '' 
burn,  which  passes  Drumlanrig  Castle,  the  seat  of 
the  Duke  of  Buccleuch  in  Dumfries-shire,  so  called 
along  with  a  fiirm,  "  the  Maar,"'  because  it  flowed 
from  a  mere,  or  small  loch,  the  site  of  which, 
now  good  alluvial  land,  is  still  seen.  It  was  the 
Maar  burn,  i.  e.,  the  burn  from  the  mare,  or  tarn, 
as  they  are  called  in  the  English  Lake  country. 
This  burn,  I  may  add,  flowed'  past  the  Belstane, 
a  short  distance  after  it  left  the  loch.  I  have  no 
doubt  that  Ave  have  here  a  trace  of  Baal  worship, 
the  Sun-God,  the  God  of  the  Phoenicians,  which 
has  given  name  to  the  Baltic,  the  Great  and  Little 
Belt,  Balestrander,  and  many  other  Scandina-vian 
names  of  places.  It  is  curious  that  this  Belstane, 
which  is,  so  far  as  I  know,  the  only  one  in  Dum- 
fries-shire, should  not  be  mentioned  in  the 
statistical  account  of  the  parish  of  Durisdeer,  in 
which  it  is  found.  It  is  basaltic,  of  enormous 
weight,  and,  according  to  tradition,  was  so  balanced 
that  the  slightest  push  made  it  vibrate.     It  has 


lost  this  power,  but  it  rests  even  now  on  a  pivot. 
The  neighbouring  farm  is  called  Balaggan. 

Again,  in  the  parish  of  Closeburn,  in  the  same 
county,  a  small  stream,  which  passes  Kirkpatrick 
farmsteading,  is  called  the  "  Mere  '"  burn,  i.  e.,  the 
burn  from  the  mere.  In  former  times  there  was 
a  mere  from  which  it  flowed,  though  it  is  now 
only  meadow  land.  The  stream  still  runs  in 
diminished  quantity,  falling  into  another  burn 
called  the  "  Lake,"  which  also  evidently  derived 
its  name  from  the  same  circumstance.  This  is 
no  doubt  the  Anglo-Saxon  lac,  laca,  signifying  a 
standing  pool,  as  the  stream  did  actually  flow 
through  several  of  these  lochs.  They  have  all 
disappeared  before  agricultural  improvements. 
The  head  loch  was  Closeburn  Loch,  close  to  Close- 
burn  Castle,  the  original  seat  of  the  Kirkpatrick 
family,  to  whom  the  Empress  Eugenie  belongs. 
This  has  been  so  thoroughly  drained  within  the 
last  ten  years,  that  future  generations  will  wonder 
where  it  was  situated.  Yet  in  early  days  it  must 
have  occupied  a  space  of  not  less  than  sixty  or 
seventy  acres,  though  in  later  times  it  had  been 
reduced  to  about  a  dozen.  When  it  was  drained, 
an  old  canoe  was  found,  which  had  been  formed 
out  of  the  trunk  of  an  oak  tree.  It  is  now  seen 
in  the  Antiquarian  Museum  in  Edinburgh.  There 
is  a  curious  fact  connected  with  Closeburn  Castle 
loch,  which  I  have  seen  nowhere  recorded.  The 
great  earthquake  by  which  Lisbon  suflered  so 
severely^  took  place  on  Sunday,  Nov.  1,  1755,  and 
at  the  same  time  this  small  loch  was  so  violently 
agitated,  as  the  people  were  going  to  church,  that 
they  dared  not  enter,  and  the  clergyman,  Mr. 
Lawson,  performed  service  in  the  open  air.  It 
was  a  fine,  calm  day,  with  the  sun  shining  brightly, 
and  tradition  says  that  the  appearance  of  tlie  loch, 
with  its  waters  rushing  in  high  waves,  was  most 
alarming.  Can  any  of  your  readers  state  the 
precise  moment  that  the  great  shock  took  place  ? 
I  have  no  means  of  fixing  it,  but  the  people  must 
have  been  on  their  way  to  church,  about  half-past 
eleven  in  the  forenoon.  It  would  be  curious  to 
calculate  with  what  rapidit}'  the  vibration  reached 
Closeburn  Loch. 

It  appears  that  in  England  these  lochs  were 
called  "  meres,"  and  in  Scotland  "  maars."  Is 
Braemar  to  be  derived  from  the  same  circum- 
stance ?  and  the  old  Scotch  title  "  Earl  of  Mar  "  ? 
Some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  answer  this 
query.  "  Marish,"  or  "  marsh,"  too,  is  evidently 
allied  to  the  same  family,  a  piece  of  ground  or 
low  bottom,  as  we  call  it  in  Scotland,  partially 
covered  with  water.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  Loch 
"  Maree,"  in  Ross-shire,  is  derived  from  the  same 
word.  The  Saxons,  who  penetrated  that  remote 
district,  would  find  the  Gaels  call  it  "  mare  "  in 
their  language,  and  would  imagine  it  to  be  a  dis- 
tinctive aame,  though  it  merely  meant  "loch." 
As  an  example  of  this  we  liave  many  streams  in 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  March  2,  '67. 


Scotland  called  "■  Esk,"  wticli  is  merely  the  Celtic 
Htsffe,  water,  tlie  name  which  the  Saxons  heard 
the  natives  call  the  stream,  and  thought  it  to  he  a 
distinctive  name.  Sometimes  even  those  who 
supplanted  the  ancient  Celts  seem  to  have  added 
their  own  word  for  water  or  stream,  as  I  imagine 
Eschhorn,  near  Frankfort,  to  be  an  example.  In 
the  Middle  Agfs  it  was  called  Asgahrunnum. 
Here  we  have  the  German  hrunn,  wa,ter,  the 
translation  Af  Asga,  the  Celtic  idsge;  so  that  Esch- 
horn means,  in  reality,  "  water,  water."  Then, 
again,  those  who  have  visited  Tunbridge  Wells 
will  recollect  the  beautiful  glen  called  Hurst 
Wood.  liurst  is  inerely  the  Saxon  word  for 
''•  wood,"  so  tliat  Hurst  Wood  means  ^'  wood 
wood."  In  addition  to  the  celebrated  ''  Grey 
Mare's  Tail,"  near  Moffat,  to  which  Seth  Wait 
refers,  I  may  state  that  there  is  another  in  the 
parish  of  Cluseburn,  in  the  county  of  Dumfries, 
which  also  flows  from  a  mere,  called  Townfoot 
Loch.  CpvAwfukd  Tait  Ramage. 


INDO-MAHOMEDAN  FOLK-LORE.    No.  IIL 

(S^-iS.  vi.  1425  ix.  95.) 

Magic  Mirrurs. — While  residing  at  Tuticorin, 
in  the  South  of  India,  it  came  to  my  knowledge 
that  the  Lubbis  used  the  unjun,  or  shining  globule, 
placed  in  the  hand  of  a  boy,  to  discover  hidden 
treasure  or  stolen  property.  This  globule  is  made 
of  castor  oil,  and  lamp-black  procured  from  a 
lamp,  the  wick  of  which  has  been  made  of  a  piece 
of  white  cloth  marked  with  the  blood  of  a  cat,  an 
owl,  and  a  king-crow — the  eyes,  some  of  the  hair 
and  feathers,  and  gall-bladder  of  these  animals 
being  rolled  up  at  the  same  time  in  the  cloth. 
Having  had  sume  property  stolen,  I  sent  for  a 
Lubbi  jadugar,  or  wizard,  who  promised  to  re- 
cover it,  and  chose  my  dog-boy,  a  lad  of  eleven 
years,  as  his  confederate.  After  some  preliminary 
incantations,  the  boy  was  asked  wliat  he  saw  in 
the  globule,  lie  first  described  the  inside  of  a 
tent,  then  said  he  saw  monkeys  sweeping  the 
floor,  and  after  gazing  intently  on  the  globule  for 
some  minutes,  got  frightened  at  something,  and 
began  to  cry.  The  Lubbi  on  this  led  him  from 
the  room,  returned  in  half  an  hour,  and  informed 
me  the  missing  articles  were  under  a  chest  of 
drawers  in  my  berlroom,  which  proved  to  be  the 
case.  These  globules  probably  suggested  the  idea 
of  the  magic  mirrors  of  European'romance. 

The  Maf/ic  Wich.—k  lamp  with  a  magic  or 
charmed  wick  is  used  in  Mahomedan  necromancy. 
The  wick  is  composed  of  paper  upon  which  mystic 
characters  are  traciid,  and  it  is  lighted  with  three 
kinds  of  oil  or  balsam.  It  is  used  to  invoke  the 
presence  of  a  demon,  or  to  get  rid  of  him.     A 


boy  or  girl  adorned  with  certain  flowers,  it  is 
believed,  many  discover  many  secrets  by  watching 
steadfastly  the  flames  of  a  charmed  wick. 

Ogres'  Teeth. — A  sister  of  seven  brothers  was 
left  by  them  in  a  castle,  well  pi-ovisioned,  and 
enjoined  on  no  account  to  quit  it.  One  day,  hav- 
ing carelessly  allowed  her  fire  to  die  out,  she  was 
obliged  to  beg  some  from  an  old  woman,  an  ogres.s, 
she  found  cooking  rice  at  a  distance.  The  ogress 
gave  her  the  fire,  and  a  bag  of  charr^ed  wheat, 
in  which  she  had  secretly  made  a  hole.  As  the 
lady  returned  home,  the  wheat  ran  out,  and  in  the 
course  of  the  night  took  root  and  sprung  up.  The 
ogress  bade  her  sons  pursue  the  route  made  by  it 
to  the  castle,  and  make  prize  of  the  lady.  Fail- 
ing to  obtain  admission,  one  of  them  pulling  a 
tooth  from  his  head,  planted  it  in  front  of  the 
castle-gate.  The  brothers  shortly  after  returning, 
the  sister  ran  out  to  meet  them,  and  trod  on  the 
tooth,  which  entered  her  foot.  She  instantly 
swooned,  and  being  thought  dead  by  her  brothers, 
was  placed  in  a  golden  coffin  having  a  glass  lid 
under  a  silver  mausoleum.  Many  years  after,  the 
King  of  Per-Moolk,  while  hunting,  discovered  the 
lady,  pulled  the  ogre's  tooth  from  her  foot,  and 
so  dissolved  the  enchantment. 

Love  Charms — are  made  of  ingredients  too  dis- 
gusting to  mention,  and  are  given  by  the  Mussul- 
mans to  women  to  persuade  them  to  love  them. 

Transformations. — In  Orissa,  it  is  believed  that 
witches  have  the  power  to  transform  themselves 
into  tigers ;  they  are  then  called  pulta-bagh.  The 
witches  in  North  Germany  were  believed  to 
possess  the  power  of  changing  themselves  into 
cats. 

Death-Spells. — A  figure  resembling  as  much  as 
possible  the  person  on  whom  the  spell  is  intended 
to  operate  is  sketched  on  the  ground  or  formed  of 
clay.  The  evil  spirit  is  then  invoked  daily,  at 
noon,  for  a  week,  after  which  the  figure  is  cut 
with  a  sword  or  struck  with  an  arrow  from  a  bow. 
In  Scotland,  a  similar  charm  was  practised  by 
Lady  Fowlis  against  two  of  her  relations.  Their 
portraits  were  suspended  in  the  north  end  of  a 
room,  and  elf  arrowheads  shot  at  tliem  until  they 
were  destroyed. 

Enchantments  zvith  Pins. — A  sorceress  falls  in 
love  with  a  prince,  who  rejects  her  advances.  In 
revenge,  she  surprises  him  coming  out  of  the  bath, 
draws  a  bag  from  her  girdle,  and  blows  on  it ;  a 
shower  of  pins  flies  out,  which  stick  all  over  the 
body  of  the  prince,  who  thereon  becomes  in- 
sensible. Many  years  after,  a  princess,  losing  her 
way  in  the  jungle,  discovers  a  ruined  city  and 
palace.  She  enters  the  latter,  sees  the  prince  ex- 
tended on  a  couch,  pulls  the  pins  out  of  his  body, 
and  destroys  the  spell. 

Angels. — The  Arabs,  before  the  time  of  Ma- 
homed, used  to  adore  angels,  who  they  imagined 


3rd  S.  XI.  March -2,  07.] 


NOTES  AKD  QUERIES. 


181 


inhabited  the  stars  and  governed  the  world  imder 
the  Suprenae  Deity.  They  believed  these  angels 
to  be  goddesses  and  daughters  of  God.        H,  C. 


ANCIENT  IRISH  MANUSCEIPTS  IN  THE 
BRITISH  MUSEUM. 

(2°d  S.  iv.  225,  302.) 

On  looking  over  my  papers  lately,  I  found  some 
letters  which  a  few  years  ago  I  addressed  to  Sir 
F.  Madden,  as  keeper  of  the  manuscript  depart- 
ment of  the  British  ^Museum,  for  the  purpose  of 
correcting  several  serious  errors  committed  by  the 
late  Professor  O' Curry  in  his  descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  the  Irish  3IS'S.  in  the  British  Museum, 
which  he  compiled  in  1849  by  order  of  the  trus- 
tees. As  far  back  as  1857, 1  called  attention,  with 
the  same  object,  to  the  subject  in  the  columns  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  and  exposed  a  grave  discrepancy  in 
the  chronological  calculations  —  respecting  the 
"Original  Book  of  St,  Caillin"  (Vespasian,  E.  11, 
vellum,  4to) — of  the  two  distinguished  archaeo- 
logists—  now,  alas!  no  more  —  O'Donovan  and 
O'Curry,  in  the  hope,  as  I  then  expressed  it,  that, 
appearing  in  columns  of  world-wide  literary  esti- 
mation, ''  probably  my  strictures  would  fall  under 
the  notice  of  those  eminent  Keltic  scholars  to 
whom  they  were  specially  addressed."  No  notice, 
that  I  know  of,  was  taken  by  them.  The  point 
at  issue  was  of  great  biblical  importance.  This 
very  old  book,  it  is  said,"  was  vnitten  by  Callyen 
(St.  Caillin),  which  was  in  tyme  past  Bishop  and 
Legat  for  Ireland";  and  who,  according  to  the 
"Annals  of  the  Four  Masters,"  was  contemporary 
with  Conall  Gulbau,  A.D.  464.  O'Donovan  thinks 
with  Columbkille  (515-502).  The  verification  of  the 
conclusion  of  the  one  would  prove  the  manuscript 
to  be  one  of  the  oldest — perhaps  the  oldest,  in 
Europe,  in  any  of  its  living  langu.ages ;  of  the  latter, 
would  give  it  an  origin  so  modern  as  would  render 
it  comparatively  valueless. 

On  perusal  of  the  following  letter  to  Sir  F. 
Madden,  its  contents  seem  to  me  of  sufficient  in- 
terest to  induce  me  to  obtain  for  it  a  preservative 
place.  If  my  estimate  of  it  be  confirmed  by  its 
insertion,  I  have  matter  by  m.e  equally  interest- 
ing and  coiTective  of  errors  as  grave  and  indefen- 
sible. John  Eugeste  O'Cavai^agh. 
Lime  Cottage,  Walworth  Common. 

"  Tjie  Annals  of  Boyle  :  (Titus,  A.  25.) 
"  To  Sir  Frederic  Madden. 

"  Reading  Room,  July  11,  1863. 
"  This  is  the  fourth  volume  described  in  Curry's  Cata- 
logue of  Irish  Manuscripts,  compiled  for  the  trustees  of 
the  British  Museum.  The  inaccuracies,  the  omissions  of 
reference  to  some  very  interesting  marginal  notes,  and  his 
misconstructions  in  the  description,  surprise  me.  Indeed, 
as  I  proceed,  the  errors  of  commission  and  omission  mul- 


tiply. I  regret  to  have  to  note  this  of  a  gentleman  pre- 
eminently distinguished  in  Gaelic  literature,  and  to  whom 
I  owe  so  much  in  the  prosecution  of  the  study  of  the 
vernacular  records  of  ancient  Ireland. 

"  Curry  sa3's  the  volume  begins  imperfectly.  This  he 
doubts.  Then  he  continues,  '  The  first  fkct  entered 
among  these  Calends  runs  thus,  Hoc  anno  vatur  est  Enos 
(the  year  is  lost),  folio  1.'  Vatur  is,  of  course,  a  wrong 
reading  for  natus,  which  is  plainly  legible  in  the  original. 
'1  he  fact  is,  as  may  be  seen  on  reference  to  the  MS.,  that 
this  entry  does  not  occur  till  the  7  fol.  and  6  line  is 
reached.  In  my  opinion,  a  folio  is  missing  here ;  the  in- 
ner margin  remains,  and  it  appears  the  other  part  has 
been  torn  olT.  This  conjecture  is  strengthened  by  the 
series  of  Calends  with  which  the  7th  folio  opens,  also  the 
entry  last  in  the  preceding  folio  is  unfinished,  sic  : — 
'  Incipit  captivitas  duaruni  tribuum  amio  tertlo  ia.'  It  sur- 
prises me  hov/  Curry  could  have  made  the  mistake,  that 
'  hoc  anno  natus  est  Enos '  was  the  '  first  fact  inserted.' 
In  the  first  line  of  the  first  folio,  the  first  entrj-  is  '  Hoc 
nnno  Lamech  natus  est,"  and  then  immediately  follows, 
'  Ab  Adam  vsque  Lamech,  anni  D.ceclxiiii.' — the  prepo- 
sition ad  expressed  in  the  other  entries  is  obviously 
understood  here.  The  second  entry  is  '  m.xxx.,  ^c, 
hoc  anno  Adam  mortuiis  est,  secundum  Ehreos  sed  hoc 
falsum  est."  The  third  entry  is,  '  M.c.l.  Kl.  hoc  anno 
7iatus  est  Moe,  ab  Adam  usque  ad  Noen  M.c.l.viii.'  Then 
follow  over  one  hundred  entries  preceding  that  which 
O'Curry  says  is  the  first. 

"  The  marginal  notices  which  O'Curry  has  overlooked 
are  curious  and  important.  One  of  them  bears  date 
1361,  and  records  that  Maurice,  son  of  Cathal,  Ely  (?) 
Mac  Taydg  (pronounced  Mac  Tige),  and  Cristinus,  son 
of  Flann,  his  brother,  entered  the  Monastery  of  the  Fra- 
ternity of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  Loch  Ke  at  the  Feast  of 
St.  Berayd.  The  marginal  notes  have  no  reference 
to  the  Annals;  they  are  independent  remarks.  And 
when  it  is  considered  that  they  come  down  to  1270 
only,  the  marginal  record  must  be  looked  upon  as  con- 
temporaneous with  the  former  date ;  if  so,  it  fixes  the 
date  of  this  volume  to  be  as  early  at  least  as  1361.  This 
beinsr  so,  had  O'Currj'  read  and  understood  the  note,  he 
would  have  been  spared  the  expression  of  his  regret,  '  that 
we  have  no  means  of  fixing  with  any  degree  of  precision 
the  period  at  which  the  Annals  of  Boyle  were  composed.' 

"  O'Curry  says  the  following  note  appears  at  the  lowest 
margin  of  folio  14 — '  Somoltach,  &c,  &c.  &c.  died,  in  the 
last  month  of  this  j'ear  ;  the  date  1595  is  written  over  this 
in  the  same  handwriting  and  ink.'  This  statement  is 
quite  incorrect.  The  date,  it  is  true,  is  in  the  same  hand- 
writing as  the  note,  but  the  note  is  in  a  different  hand 
from  the  Annals,  and  evidently  of  much  later  date.  But 
the  omission  of  this  fact  is  trivial  in  comparison  with  the 
mistake  he  has  made  in  the  date.  The  date,  it  is  obvious 
to  me,  and  indeed  would  be  evident  to  any  expert  on  ex- 
amination, is  not  1595,  but  1497 — nearly  one  hundred 
years  earlier,  and  nearly  one  hundred  years  later  than 
the  date  of  the  note  above  commented  on.  The  elucida- 
tion of  these  facts  goes  to  corroborate  the  statement  made 
by  Sir  James  Ware,  in  all  probability  on  the  competent 
authority  of  that  great  antiquarian  DugaldM<^Firbis,  in  the 
catalogue  of  his  books,  4",  Dublin,  1648.  '  Autographum 
(Annates  Ccnobii  Euellensis),  extat  in  Bibliotheca  Cot- 
toniana  ; '  and  of  which  autograph  the  learned  Dr.  Charles 
O'Connor  says,  '  ilbid  exemplar  unde  nostra  editio  de- 
scripta  est.'  It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  remark,  in  a 
Lecture  delivered  by  O'Curry,  June  19,  1856,  published 
in  1861,  he  appeared  then  to'  be  better  acquainted  with 
the  MS.,  and  correctlj-^  stated  that  the  Annals  commenced 
fourteen  years  before  the  birth  of  Lamech,  and  assigns 
their  date  to  about  1300.  On  that  occasion  he  propounded 


182 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  March  2,  67. 


some  fanciful  calculations  upon  his  erroneously-assumed 
date  1595  for  1497. 

"The  large  folio  volume  cataloguing  the  Irish  Manu- 
scripts in  the  National  Librarj-, -which  O'Currv  completed, 
has  been  copied  for  use  in  the  Reading  Room,  and 
evidenth%  owing  to  his  want  of  knowledge  of  the  Irish 
language,  the  scribe  has  not  perpetuated  the  errors  of  the 
original  merely,  but  he  has  also  added  largely  to  them  :  the 
blanks  which'  O'Currj',  not  knowing  how  to  read  the 
Latin  MS.,  had  left  have  not  been  tilled  up  hy  the  tran- 
scriber, and  the  34  vellum  folios,  of  which  the  book  con- 
sists, have  been  by  him  reduced  to  34  pages.  In  copying 
the  title,  Annales' Monasterii  de  BuelUo,  O'Curry  and  his 
cop3'ist  change  StieUio  into  Buellie ;  popA^l  of  the 
original  is  written  pApOtjl  in  the  copy,  »S:c.  &c.  &c. 
"John  Eugene  O'Cavanagh." 

[On  reference  to  Professor  O'Curry's  Catalogue  of  Irish 
MSS.  we  perceive  that  Sir  Frederic  Madden  has  cor- 
rected the  errors  pointed  out  to  him  bj-Mn.  O'Cavaxagh, 
and  made  autograph  notes  acknowledging  the  authority 
upon  which  these  corrections  were  made.  The  original 
of  the  above  letter  is  also  annexed  in  the  Catalogue  to 
O'Curry's  Description  of  the  Annals  of  Boyle.  It  may 
be  well  also  to  add,  for  the  infomiation  of  Irish  and 
other  antiquaries  interested  in  the  literature  of  the  Gaels, 
that  in  the  History  of  Ireland  by  our  learned  and  talented 
correspondent  John  D'Alton,  Esq.,  lately  deceased,  '•  The 
Annals  of  Boyle"  were  adopted  and  embodied  as  the  run- 
ning text  authority.— Ed.] 


MOONWORT. 


(3"»  S.  xi.  96.) 

It  is  the  case  with  this,  as  with  many  other 
plants,  that  its  name  has  been  variously  employed, 
and  that  thus  plants  widely  differing  have  been 
confounded  with  each  other.  In  the  old  botanists, 
we  find  it  called  Limaria,  or  moonwort,  and  de- 
scribed as  six  inclies  high,  with  one  leaf  divided 
into  several  pairs  of  small  ones,  so  roimded  and 
hollowed  as  to  resemble  half  moons,  whence  the 
name  of  moonwort ;  and  we  are  told  that  it  has 
been  called  unshoe-the-liorse,  from  a  supposed 
power  of  loosening  the  shoes  of  horses  treading 
upon  it. 

Bat  in  modern  works  on  botany,  moonwort  is 
quite  another  plant.  Loudon  ca\\s  it  Botn/chium, 
and  classes  it  with  the  Cnjptogamia.  'Hooper 
names  it  Ophior/lossum  hmaria,  Osmunda  lunaria, 
and  simply  Limaria ;  and  he  also  places  it  among 
the  Cryptogamia. 

The  common  Honesty  is  however  called  Lunaria, 
and  classed  under  Tctradynamia  silicidosa.  It  is 
also  called  Lunaria  redimva,  and  by  the  Germans 
Bidbonach :  in  English  it  has  the  name  of  Satin  as 
Avell  as  of  Honesty.  The  former  of  these  names  is 
evidently  from  the  satin-like  appearance  of  the 
seed-pod  ;  and  the  latter  has  been  given  from  its 
transparency,  which  honestly  exhibits  the  seeds 
within  it.    '  F.  C.  H. 

An  old  folk-lorist,  I  am  acquainted  with  the 
superstition  alluded  to  by  P.  J.,  though  I  believe 


it  never  existed  in  the  district  around  that  famous 
Yorkshire  ironopolis  from  which  I  write :  per- 
haps the  ferruginous  nature  of  the  soil  is  as  little 
suited  to  the  growth  of  the  fancy  as  it  is  to 
the  plant  itself.  But  has  not  the"^ author  of  the 
query  confounded,  under  their  common  name  of 
"  Moonwort,"  two  very  dift'erent  and  widely  dis- 
similar plants  ?  Lunaria  biennis,  the  well-known 
"Honesty"  of  our  gardens,  so  called  from  the 
transparent — as  also  "  Moonwort  "  from  the  silvery 
colour  of  the  dissepiments  of  the  seed-vessels  — 
is  an  exotic,  and  I  never  heard  it  mentioned  as 
"unshoeing  the  horse."'  The  true  Moonwort 
{Botrycliium  lunaria)  is  a  native  of  our  English 
hills  and  pastures,  and  is  the  real  Ferru7n  equinum. 
Its  alleged  magnetic  potency  is  thus  quaintly 
alluded  to  in  Sylvester's  curious  translation  of  Du 
Bartas :  — 

"  Horses  that  feeding  on  the  grassie  Hills, 
Tread  upon  Moonwort  with  their  hollow  heeles  ; 
Though  lately  shod,  at  night  goe  barefoot  home. 
Their  Master  musing  where  their  shooes  become : 
0  Jloonwort !  tel  vs  where  thou  hidest  the  Smith, 
Hammer  and  pincers  thou  unshoost  them  with  ? 
Alas  !  what  Lock,  or  Iron  Engine  is't 
That  can  thy  subtile  secret  strength  resist, 
Sith  the  best  farrier  cannot  set  a  shoo 
So  sure,  but  thou  (so  shortly)  canst  undo  ?  " 

The  subject  has  not  escaped  the  notice  of  Sir 
Thomas  Browne,  who,  in  a  passage  in  his  Vulgar 
Errors,  and  after  some  learned  allusions,  more  suo, 

says  — 

"  Matthiolus  could  laugh  and  condemn  the  judgment  of 
Scipio,  who  having  such  a  picklock,  would  spend  so  many 
years  in  battering  the  gates  of  Carthage,  which  strange 
and  magical  conceit  seems  to  me  to  have  no  deeper  root 
in  reason  than  the  tigure  of  its  seed  ;  for  therein  indeed 
it  somewhat  resembles  an  horseshooe,  which  notwith- 
standing Baptista  Porta  hath  thought  too  low  a  signa- 
ture, and  raised  the  same  into  a  Lunarie  representation." 

J.  H. 


P.  J.  is  evidently  misled  by  the  popular  English 
names,  so  as  to  confound  two  very  different  plants 
with  each  other,  viz.  Lunaria  biennis,  the  common 
"  Honesty  "  of  our  rustic  gardens,  and  Botrychium 
lunaria,  a  little  fern  inhabiting  our  downs  and 
moorland  pastures.  The  former  derives  its  Lin- 
Dfean  name,  Lunaria,  from  the  form  of  its  pods, 
which  are  nearly  circular  ellipses ;  the  latter,  its 
specific  epithet  lunaria  from  the  semilunar  shape 
of  the  segments  of  its  frond.  Why  the  former 
plant  is  called  "  Honesty"  is  a  more  doubtful  affair, 
for  I  can  hardly  regard  as  satisfactory  the  expla- 
nation of  Don's  Gardener  s  Dictionary,  vol.  i. 
p.  124 :  "  it  is  given  to  it  on  account  of  the  clear 
brilliant  dissepiment."  The  little  fern  again  — 
though  I  suspect  not  much  noticed  by  country- 
folks now-a-days,  at  least  I  never  heard  of  our 
simplers  collecting  it — was  once  an  herb  of  power. 
Yet  even  in  the  time  of  Gerarde  its  reputation 


3'd  S.  XI.  March  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


.83 


seems  to  have  been  on  the  decline  ;  for  while  be 
upholds  it  (p.  407)  as  "  singular  to  heale  green 
and  fresh  wounds/'  he  goes  on  to  say  — 

"  It  hath  beene  used  among  the  alchy  mistes  and  witches 
to  dec  wonders  withall,  who  say  tliat  it  will  loose  lockes 
and  make  them  to  fall  from  the  feet  of  horses  that  graze 
where  it  doth  grow,  and  hath  been  called  of  them  Mar- 
tagon,  whereas  they  are  in  truth  all  but  drowsie  dreamcs 
and  illusions,  but  it  is  singular  for  wounds  as  aforesaid." 

P.  E.  N. 


FREEMASONRY. 
(.3'«»  S.  xi.  12.) 
In  the  middle  ages,  scientific  knowledge  was 
chiefly  confined   to  the   clerical  orders,  and  the 
"  moreable  Societies  of  ^-Vi-cbitects  and  Workmen," 
styled  Masonic  or  Freeniasonic  Lodges,   usually 
included   among  their   directors,    or   "  Masters," 
ecclesiastics  of  cultivated  mind,  deftly  skilled  in 
geometry  and  those  arts  on  which  depend  struc- 
tural stability,  harmony  of  proportion,  and  ele- 
gance of  design.     Such  were  the  builders  of  our 
grand  old  cathedrals,  and  of  nearly  all  the  fortified 
palaces  of  the  feudal  barons  of  the  middle  ages. 
William  of  Wykeham,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  and 
the  munificent  restorer  of  its  venerable  minster, 
was  perhaps  the   last  dignified  ecclesiastic  con- 
nected with  the  Masonic  fraternity  in  England. 
Some  twenty  years  after  his  decease,  the  arbitrary 
interference  of   the  Lodges   with   the   wages  of 
labour   excited  the   alarm   of    the    Government, 
already  predisposed  to  suspicion  and  jealousy  of 
a   widely-extended    and  irresponsible   afliliation, 
bound  together    by    secret    oaths   of    reciprocal 
obedience  and  protection  ;  and  in  1423,  an  Act  of 
Parliament  (3  Henry  VI.  c.  1)  was   passed,  pro- 
hibiting "  the    chapiters    and    congregations    of 
Masons  in  tyled   Lodges,"   on   pain   of    '''  being 
judged  for  felons,"  or  punished  in  the  mitigated 
penalties  of  "  imprisonment,  and  fine  and  ransom, 
at  the  King's  will."     This  seems  to  have  been  the 
first  definite  step  leading  to  substitution  of  modern 
speculative  Freemasonry  for  the  primitive  scientifc 
and  operative  craft ;  but  the  change  was  slowly 
effected,  and  up  to  a  comparatively  late  period 
the   industrial   character  of  the  ancient  Lodges  j 
was   significantly   continued    in  the   professional  j 
selection  of  Masters  and  Wardens.     For  example  :  | 
Sir  Christopher  Wren,  when  Deputy  Grand  Mas-  j 
ter  (afterwards  Grand  Master)  of  England,  nomi-  I 
nated  as  his  wardens  Gibber,  the  sculptor,  and  i 
Strong,  his  owm  master  mason  at  St.  Paul's.    How-  ' 
ever,  the  City  Guild  sturdily  claimed  then,  us  now,  ! 
the   only  genuine    legitimate   succession   to   the  j 
Freemason   Lodges   of   the   middle   ages.     Stow  { 
enumerates,  amongst  the  trades  of  London,  "  the  I 
company  of  Masons,  otherwise  termed  Freemasons.  ! 
of  ancient  standing  and  good  reckoning."     The  t 
scientific  builder  (architect  of  our  time)  was,  up  to 
the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century,  indifterently  j 


j  styled  Freemason,  Chief  Mason,  Master  Mason,  or 
sometimes  simply  Mason.  Thus  Henry  de  Ye- 
j  veley,  the  lay  masonic  associate  of  William  of 
I  Wykeham,  and  remodeller  of  Westminster  Hall, 
j  was  "  Master  Mason  "  to  three  siiccessive  kings, 
\  Edward  the  Third,  Eichard  the  Second,  and 
,  Henry  the  Fourth. 

I  A  secret  association,  combining,  like  the  Free- 
[  masonry  of  the  middle  ages,  scientific  attainments 
with  utilitarian  results,  is  not  possible  in  our 
enlightened  age  of  knowledge  and  freedom ;  and 
a  glance  over  the  names  of  the  "  Masters  "  of  the 
mystic  craft  will  not  tend  to  convince  the  thought- 
ful enquirer  that  there  is  any  extraordinary 
acquisition  of  wisdom  and  virtue  communicable 
by  initiation  :  but  the  showy  display  of  Masonic 
millinery  gratifies  children  of  a  larger  growth, 
and  the  periodical  jollifications  after  "labour" 
are  imcommonly  pleasant.  J.  L. 

Dublin. 


I  Stoxor  Family  (3'"'  S.  xi,  IIG.)— In  the  Chro- 
j  nide  of  John  Stow,  p.  575,  is  mentioned  Sir 
I  Adrian  Fortescue,  Ejiight  of  St.  John  of  Jerusa- 
j  lem,  who  was  beheaded  for  denying  the  king's 
I  supremacy,  July  10,  1539 ;  but  where  beheaded, 
or  where  buried  is  not  recorded.  Nor  do  I  know 
if  this  Sir  Adrian  is   the   one  inquired  for  by 

J.  J.  H.  F.  c.  h; 

Sir  Henry  Sli:n^gsby  (3'''  S.  xi.  53.) — I  cannot 
give  any  answer  to  the  query  of  D.  P.  relative  to 
the  removal  of  the  slab  of  St.  Robert's  tomb  ;  but 
I  wish  to  mention,  with  reference  to  the  belief 
that  Sir  H.  Slingsby  died  a  Catholic,  that  I  find 
his  name  in  the  first  of  two  lists  of  Catholics 
whose  estates  were  sold  for  adhering  to  the  royal 
cause.     This  list  is  headed  thus  :  — 

"  The  Names  of  such  Catholicks  whose  Estates  (both 
Real  and  Personal)  were  sold  in  pursuance  of  an  Act 
made  b3-the  Rump,  July  16, 1651,  for  their  pretended  De- 
linquency ;  that  is,  for  adhering  to  their  King." 

The  entry  in  this  list  stands  thus :  — 
"  Sir  Henry  Slingsby,  beheaded  at  Tower  Hill,  aud  his 
Estate  sold." 

These  lists  occur  in  the  Kalendarium  Catholicum 
for  the  year  1686, 

Dodd,  likewise,  in  his  Church  History  of  Eng- 


land, iii. 

Ivnio-hts,  has  this  notice 


his  biogi-aphy   of  Catholic 


"  Sir  Henry  Slingsby  :  a  loyal  gentleman  of  singular 
worth  and  honour,  who  being  condemned  to  die  for  trans- 
acting some  affairs  in  favour  of  Charles  II.,  in  order  to 
liis  restoration,  was  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  June  8th, 

1658." 

He  gives  a  reference  to  The  Catholiquc  Apology 
as  his  authority  ;  but  it  is  evident  that  he  believed 
the  accoimt,  and  his  judgment  is  worthy  of  credit, 

F.  C.  H. 


184 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Map.cm  2,  '67. 


Torches  (.S'*  S.  xi.  97.) — Torclies  were  tisually 
made  of  tow  twisted  very  tightly  together  and 
dipped  in  melted  pitch.  Rope  strands  twisted 
and  dipped  would  equally  answer  the  purpose. 

F.  C.  H. 

Edmund  Plowden  (.S""  S.  x.  353,  and  Gen.  In- 
dex), not  Edmond  nor  Edward.  The  work  men- 
tioned by  Me.  W.  is  not — that  is  to  say,  after  a 
long  search  I  have  been  unable  to  find  it — in 
the  British  Museum.  To  say  it  is  not  thei'e  would 
be  rash.  It  is  not  in  any  of  the  Inns  of  Court 
libraries.  I  should  think  it  has  been  printed,  as 
it  is  refen-ed  to  in  Hale  {Hist  Pleas  of  the  Croivn, 
i.  324,  1736,  folio),  as  "Mr.  P.'s  learned  Tract 
touching  the  right  of  succession  of  Mar}^  Queen  of 
Scotland."  It  is  not  mentioned  by  Messrs.  Cooper 
(Atkm(s  Cantab.)  in  an  excellent  biography,  to 
which  little  if  anything  can  be  added.  There  are 
doubtless  many  such  MSS.  in  private  libraries. 
A  note  of  them  in  your  journal  I  think  exceed- 
ingly desirable  :  to  me  personally  they  are  most 
welcome  additions  to  a  work  I  am  engaged  on. 
Ealph  Thohas. 
1,  Powis  Place,  W.C. 

Carlo  Pisacaxe  {^'^  S.  xi.  77.)— A  brief  bio- 
graphy of  this  author  is  prefixed  to  his  Saggi 
storici politici  e  militari  sulV  Italia.    Geneva,  1858.  j 

JrXTA  TUREIJI.      : 

The  Head  of  Cardinal  PticHELiEu  (3'''^  S.  xi. 
73.)  —  The  statement  with  regard  to  the  heart  of  | 
Voltaire  is  a  mistake  :  see  the  long  discussions  on  ' 
the  subject  in  the  French  "  N.  &  Q.,"  L'lnterme- 
diaire.  Pas. 

"Otheegates"  (3"1  S.  X.  446;  xi.  122.)— The 
word  "  othergate,"  in  the  sense  of  '•  other  way," 
occurs  in  the  Confessio  Amantis  of  Gower,  written 
in  the  year  1392-93 :  — 

"  So  now  ye.  witen  all  fortbj^ 
That  for  the  time  slepe  I  hate, 
And  when  it  falleth  othergate, 
So  that  her  like  naught  to  daunce." 

W.  J.  F. 

QuOTATIOJfS  WANTED  :  Gleut  (3"*  S  X.  268.)— 
The  first  epigram  is  either  a  translation  from 
Aristophanes,  or  a  very  close  imitation  of —  j 

A\\   ov  yap  eVrt  rwv  avaiaxivruv  (pvffit  ■yvvcuKuv        \ 
Ov^ev  Ki.Kiov  iU  airavTo,  -irKriu  'dp'  v)  ywalxes.  ' 

Thesmophoriazusce,  531-2. 

which  Voss  translates  —  ! 

"  Doch  nichts  ja  mag  den  von  Xatur  gaiiz  uuverscham-  I 

ten  Weibern  j 

Vorgehn    an  Bosheit  aller  Art,   als  einzig   sie,— die  : 

Weiber ! ''  j 

n.  B.  c. 

U.  U.  Club. 

The  author  of  the  hymn  from  which  the  stanza 
is  taken  that  G.  inquires  about  is  (x.  510)  supposed 
to  be  Thomas  Olivers,  who  composed  the  fine  ode 


"  The  God  of  Abraham  praise."  The  text  quoted 
(as  usual)  has  been  tampered  with.  The  follow- 
ing is  the  correct  reading :  — 

"  Angels  now  are  hovering  round  us  ; 
tfnperceived  they  mix  the  throng. 
Wondering  at  the  love  that  crowned  us, 
Glad  to  join  the  holy  song. 
Hallelujah !  &c. 
Love  and  praise  to  Christ  belong." 

The  original  hymn  first  appeared  appended  to 
A  short  Account  of  the  Death  of  Mary  Langson,  of 
Taxall  in  Cheshire,  1771,  of  which  place  Thomas 
Olivers  was  then  minister.  The  hymn  commences 
"Oh,  Thou  God  of  my  salvation,"  entitled  "A 
Hymn  of  Praise  to  Christ,"  in  six  stanzas. 

Daxiel  Sedgwick. 

Sun  Street,  Bishopsgate. 

Your  correspondent  (xi.  138)  will  find  the 
lines  —         ' 

"  Upon  that  famous  river's  further  shore 
There  stood  a  snowj-  swan  of  heavenly  hue,"  &e., 

in  Spenser's  Ruins  of  Time,  line  589,  iv.  319,  Col- 
lier's ed.  '  '  G.  W. 

Beenard  and  Lechiox  Families  (3"i  S.  xi. 
75.) — The  Col.  Lech  ton  Mr.  Leslie  inquires 
after  is  Sir  Elisha  (otherwise  Ellis)  Leighton, 
third  son  of  Dr.  Alex.  Leighton.  After  a  miser- 
able career  he  died  in  gaol,  leaving  behind  him 
an  only  daughter  Mary,  named  after  her  mother 
Mary  Leslie.  I  do  not  know  what  became  of  her. 
Few  names  have  been  more  disguised  by  varia- 
tions of  spelling  than  that  of  Leighton. 

ElRI02\TfACH. 

Burning  Hair  {Z^^  S.  x.  148;  xi.-66.)  — The 
Rev.  T.  T.  Carter  of  Clewer,  in  his  able  essay  on 
"  Vows  and  their  relation  to  Religious  Commimi- 
ties  "  in  The  Church  and  the  World,  says  :  — 

"  A  Xazarite  was  understood  to  identify  himself  with 
each  of  these  several  acts  of  oblation.  The  shorn  hair 
laid  and  burnt  in  the  fire  of  the  altar,  was  also,  according 
to  this  deeper  view,  supposed  to  indicate  that  the  person 
was  offered  to  God,  the  divine  lav,'  not  permitting  the 
offering  of  human  blood,  and  the  hair,  as  a  portion  of  the 
person,  being  understood  to  represent  the  whole." 

John  Piggot,  Jun.  • 
Alphabet  Bells  and  Tiles  {^"^  S.  x.  35^ 
425,  486.)  —  George  Herbert's  "  saint's  bell  "  at 
Bemerton  has  the  alphabet  as  far  as  G.  At  St. 
Marie's  Abbey,  Beaulieu,  Hants,  are  some  fine 
alphabet  tiles.  The  letters  are  of  Lombardic  cha- 
racter ;  the  ground  of  the  tiles  is  chocolate,  and 
the  letters  yellow.  Plates  of  these  are  given  in 
Weale's  Quart.  Arch.  Papers,  ii.  At  Malvern  are 
many  letters  on  single  tiles. 

John  Piggot,  Jttn. 

Htmnologt  (3-1  S.  X.  402,  493 ;  xi.  25.)— That 
some  misapprehension  still  exists  as  to  the  author- 
ship of  Flowerdew's  Poems,  including  the  HarvesX) 


S'l  S.  XI.  March  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


185 


Hymn,  is  evident  from  several  letters  I  have  re- 
ceived. Mrs.  Alice  Flowerdew  was  a  widow 
(Poems,  3rd  ed.  pp.  34,  79,  82,  102),  and  con- 
sidered it  sufficient!}^  explicit  to  style  herself 
A.  Biowerdew.  Anne,  the  only  one  of  her  daugh- 
ters whose  Christian  name  had  the  same  initial 
letter,  had  already  by  marriage  acquired  a  new 
surname  ;  and  the  stanzas  (p.  120)  to  "J.  M.  aged 
nine  years,"  are  addressed  to  her  sole  issue,  with 
whom  I  liave  for  many  years  had  the  pleasure  of 
being  acquainted.  *         Joseph  Rix,  M.D. 

St,  Neots. 

-Kensington  Church  and  Oliver  Cromwell 
(3'0  S.  xi.  55.)— In  reply  to  H.  W.  F.,  I  would 
refer  him  to  Lysons,  vol.  iii.  p.  220,  where  it 
states  that  — 

"  An  anonj'mous  benefactor  in  1652  gave  some  land 
at  Kensington  Gravel-pits,  on  which  was  formerly  a 
malt-house.  This  is  called  Cromwell's  gift,  and  a  tradi- 
tion has  prevailed  that  it  was  given  by  Oliver  Cromwell ; 
but  the  Parish  have  no  evidence  to  ascertain  it." 

I  believe  the  tablet  has  not  been  removed,  but 
cannot  say  positively.  The  position  of  the  ground 
is  mentioned  in  the  above  quotation.  As  to  the 
value  of  the  land  in  1652  and  1867, 1  need  hardly 
tell  H.  W.  F.  that  it  has  vastly  increased.  In  a 
future  note  I  may  give  an  idea  of  the  respective 
value  of  the  gravel-pits  at  those  dates. 

Lioir.  F. 

Dante  Query  _(3''''  S.  x.  473.)— Since  my  former 
letter  on  this  subject,  I  have  ascertained  that  two 
other  translators  of  the  Divina  Commedia — the 
Rev.  J.  W.  Thomas  and  the  Rev.  J.  Dayman — 
are  against  Mr.  Cary  in  their  rendering  of  the 
words  "  esca  sotto  il  focile."  Mr.  Thomas's  trans- 
lation is  — 


Even  so  descended  the  eternal  fire, 
From  which  the  sand,  like  tinder  fn 
Was  kindled  up." 

translation  is  — 


the  steel, 


Mr.  Dayman' 

"  Such  of  eternal  burnings  fell  the  shower. 
From  which  that  sand,  as  tinder  from  the  steel. 
Kindling,  tormented  them  with  double  stour." 

Mr.  Cayley's  version  is  as  follows  — 

"  So  fell  the  scorching  shower  eternally. 

By  which  the  sands  were  kindled  at  their  feeA, 

As  coals  hj  wind." 

Now  it  is  perhaps  intelligible  how  Mr.  Cary 
was  led  into  the  error  of  translating  "  esca  sotto  il 
focile "  as  "  under  stove  the  viands "  (though 
focile  never  means  a  stove,  I  believe  food  is  a 
secondary  meaning  of  esca);  but  how' any  one 
could  render  these  words  as  "coals  by  wind," 
appears  to  me  most  extraordinai-y.  I  am  not 
acquainted  with  Mr.  Cayley's  translation  of  Dante, 
and  am  indebted  to  a  correspondent  for  his  ver- 
sion of  the  passage ;  but  if  this  is  a  fair  specimen, 
it  is  hardly  so  much  a  translation  as  a  paraphrase. 


Mr.  Dayman  and  Mr.  Thomas,  added  to  the  three 
I  mentioned  before,  and  the  four  quoted  by  your 
correspondent  Justa  Turrim — who  all  adopt  the 
"  tinder  and  steel "  rendering — make,  at  any  rate, 
nine  against  Mr.  Cary.  Very  probably,  on  further 
search,  I  should  find  still  more.  I  have  asked 
two  Italian  gentlemen  their  opinion,  and  they 
both  say  that  "  tinder  and  steel "  is  the  correct 
translation.  The  matter  seems  therefore  settled 
beyond  dispute,  as  it  is  far  from  likely  that  nearly 
a  dozen  Italian  scholars  should  all  be  in  error. 
In  reply  to  Mr.  Dalton,  I  can  only  say  that  I 
have  as  strong  an  admiration  for  Mr.  Gary's  trans- 
lation of  Dante's  "  mystic  unfathomable  song  "  as 
any  one  can  possibly  have.  So  admirable  is  it, 
both  for  its  spirited  language  and  its  fidelity  to 
the  original,  that  I  do  not  think  Lord  Macaulay 
over-praised  it  when  he  said  that  those  who 
were  unacquainted  with  Italian  should  read  it  to 
become  acquainted  with  Dante,  and  those  who 
knew  Italian  should  read  it  for  its  original  merits. 
But  greater  men  than  Mr.  Cary  have  made  mis- 
takes ere  nowj  therefore,  why  is  it  impossible 
that  Mr,  Gary  should  occasionally  be  ''caught 
napping  "  ?  As  M.  H.  R,  is  evidently  a  thorough 
Italian  scholar,  I  should  be  obliged  by  his  in- 
forming me  whose  Italian-English  dictionarj''  he 
considers  the  best.  Jonathan  Bouchier. 

5,  Selwood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 

Ballad  Queries  {^^^  S.  v.  376.)— Since  I  in- 
serted the  queries,  Robert  Buchanan  has  published 
a  translation  of  Sir  Aage,  one  of  the  ballads  that 
I  wanted.  But  I  still  want  the  old  translation, 
and  should  like  to  know  where  I  can  find  it. 
The  other  queries  remain  unanswered.  I  should 
like  to  find  a  ballad  called  "  The  Dead  Men  of 
Pesth,"  founded  on  the  Vampire  superstition 
which  in  the  middle  ages  caused  such  a  commo- 
tion at  Pesth — the  principal  Vampire  being  one 
Vulvius,  a  deceased  tailor.  If  this  ballad  could 
be  obtained,  it  would  well  merit  a  reprint. 

S.  Jackson. 

Angels  of  the  Churches  (S''*  S.  xi.  75.) — 
St.  Irenceus  gives  no  explanation  of  the  Angels  of 
the  Seven  Churches  of  Asia.  He  has  indeed 
many  quotations  from  the  Apocalypse,  and  refer- 
ences to  it ;  but  nothing  bearing  upon  the  point 
in  question.  In  one  place,  indeed,  he  refers  to  the 
Church  at  Ephesus;  but  not  as  founded  by  St. 
John,  but  by  St.  Paul.     These  are  his  words :  — 

AW'd  Ka\  fj  eu  E(f)e(rci}  'EicicXijaia  iinh  UavXou  fxkv 
TeOe/xeXiu/.iei'Ti,  'icoawou  56  irapaixiiyavTos  avrols  fJ.^XP^ 
tZv  Tpaiavov  xptJyo!}',  ixdpTVs  a.Xrjdris  iffri  ttjs  rZv 
' A-k6(Tto\wv  TrapaSucreoos. — Adv.  Hceres.  lib.  iii.  cap.  3. 

F.  C.  H. 

Marlborough's  Generals  (3"'  S.  x.  460;  xi. 
85.)  — Col.  William  Tatton,  Assistant  Quarter- 
master-General,  was    afterwards   Lieut.-General 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XL  Mauch  2,  '67. 


and  Governor  of  Tilbury  Fort.  I  am  surprised 
ti  find  no  mention  of  his  name  in  the  pedigree  of 
Tatton  of  Withenshaw  in  Ormerod's  Cheshire: 
for  in  Guillim  (Gth  edit.,  p.  387)  I  find  his  coat 
described  as  "borne  by  the  Hon.  Major-Gen. Wil- 
liam Tatton  of  Withenshaw,  as  the  paternal  coat  of 
his  ancestors."  And  in  Kent's  Banner  Displayed, 
his  arms  are  described  (ed.  1726,  p.  835)  as  iden- 
tical with  those  of  the  Withenshaw  family,  "  with 
a  crescent  for  difference."  These  writers  would 
hardly  publish  such  statements  if  there  had  been 
any  doubt  as  to  his  descent.  Are  the  pedigrees 
in  Ormerod's  Cheshire  always  to  be  depended  on  ? 
Can  any  one  give  me  information  about  him  ? 

F.  M.  S. 

Calico  Cloth  (3^-^  S.  xi.  95.)-The  first  im- 
portation of  calico  was  by  the  East  India  Com- 
pany in  1031.  Forty-five  years  after  this — i.  c. 
in  1676 — calico-printing,  or  the  art  of  impressing 
cotton  cloth  with  topical  dyes,  was  invented  and 
practised  in  London.  A  method  had  been  known 
for  centuries  in  Asia  and  the  Levant.  Cylinder- 
printing  was  invented  in  Scotland  and  perfected 
in  England.  Our  calico-printing  has  now  reached 
such  a  state  of  perfection,  that  Dr.  Ure  says  : — 

"  The  French,  with  all  their  ingenuity  and  neat- 
handedness,  can  produce  nothing  approaching  in  excel- 
lence to  the  engraved  cylinders  of  Manchester, — a  painful 
admission,  universally  made  to  me  by  every  eminent 
manufacturer  in  Alsace,  whom  I  visited  in  my  late  tour." 

John  Piggot,  Zvs. 

The  Destruction  of  Pkiestlet's  LiBRARr  ix 
1791  (3'''*  S.  xi,  72.) — I  possess  a  letter  of  Joseph 
Priestley's,  posterior  to  this  catastrophe,  but  which 
shows  what  a-  lively  interest  the  Doctor  continued 
to  take  in  the  political  affairs  of  France.  It  is 
dated  Clapton,  June  25,  1792  (however,  Mr.  Per- 
regaux,  the  banker  in  Paris,  has  written  at  the 
back,  '<  25  Juin,  1791,  Docteur  Priesteley").  Did 
the  French  National  Assembly  make  any  public 
demonstration  to  William  Priestley  in  consequence 
of  the  mishap  to  his  father,  as  the  Commime 
de  Paris  did  in  1790  in  favour  of  another  young 
Englishman,  C.  J.  W.  Nesham  ;  to  whom  it  gave 
a  civic  crown  and  a  sword  of  honour,  for  having 
in  these  troublous  times  saved  the  life  of  a  worthy 
citizen  who  was  about  being  hanged  to  the  lamp- 
post ?  And  did  young  Priestley  ultimately  suc- 
ceed as  "  a  man  of  business ;"  and  was  he 
naturalised  ?     The  letter  runs  thus :  — 

"  Clapton,  June  25,  1792. 
"  Dear  William, 

"  I  hope  you  will  attend  to  what  your  mother  says  in 
her  part  of  the  letter  [this  first  shee't  is  missing].  Re- 
member you  are  to  be  a  man  of  business,  and  I  hope  j'ou 
will  not  let  the  attention  that  has  been  paid  to  you  by  the 
Xational  Assembly  hurt  your  mind,  or  lead  you  to  ex- 
pect any  particular  advantage  farther  than  a  good  intro- 
duction and  a  good  connection. 

"  Mr.  B.  Vaughan  is  not  now  in  England.  Perhaps 
he  may  find  you  at  Paris.     However,  I  believe  he  has 


employed  Mr.  Peregaux  the  banker  (No.  19,  Eue  du 
Sentier),  about  my  mone\'  in  the  Funds,  as  I  bad  a  letter 
from  him  about  it.  You  will  therefore  call  on  Mr.  Pere- 
gaux (he  is  your  uncle's  banker) ;  and  if  it  be  so,  show  him 
this  letter,  to  autliorise  him  to  pay  you  the  interest  as  it 
comes  due.  If  any  other  form  be  necessary,  it  shJll  be 
complied  with  as  soon  as  I  know  it. 

"  I  have  written  to  Mr.  Francois  on  the  subject  of 
your  naturalisation,  and  shall  be  glad  to  know  whether 
the  letter  has  reached  him.  I  am  much  interested  in 
what  is  now  passing  at  Paris,  and  wish  you  would  write 
often  and  fully.  I  am  glad  that  Mr.  FrauQois*  and  Mr. 
Rochfocautf  think  well  of  your  affairs. 

"  Your  aifectionate  father, 
(Signed)  "  J  Pkiestlky. 

"  P.S.  I  have  just  seen  your  Uncle  John.  He  seems 
much  pleased  with  your  reception  in  France.  I  wish  you 
would  write  to  him  soon,  and  be  particular  about  the 
state  of  the  countrv.  He  is  at  JVo.  2,  Thaves  Inn, 
Holborn." 

P.  A.  S. 

EoYALTT  (3^*  S.  X.  217,  255,  441.)— I  think 
none  of  your  correspondents  seem  to  have  ob- 
served that,  in  the  dedication  of  our  Authorised 
Version  of  the  Bible,  the  terms  "majesty"  and 
"highness"  are  applied  indifferently  to  King 
James  I.  The  form  is  pretty  well  settled  now 
amongst  ourselves,  but  not  so  with  regard  to 
foreign  monarchs.  Thus^  the  Sultan  of  Turkey 
was  till  lately  only  "  his  highness  "  in  the  news- 
papers. As  his  government  was  called  "  the 
Sublime  Porte,"  surely,  if  "majesty"  was  with- 
held, the  style  should  have  been  "'  his  sublimity." 
Since  the  Russian  war,  however,  the  Sultan  has 
generally  been,  as  he  ought  to  be,  "his  majesty." 
I  am  inclined  to  think  that  many  dignitaries  owe 
their  titles  to  Messieurs  the  newspaper  writers. 
To  them  I  believe  the  ruler,  such  as  he  is,  of 
Abyssinia  is  indebted  for  his  emperorship.  And 
the  small  German  princes,  by  no  means  so  con- 
siderable men  as  our  great  nobles,  derive,  I  am 
persuaded,  their  titles  of  "highness"  from  the 
same  source.  If  I  am  wrong,  I  shall  be  glad  to 
be  set  right.  The  newspapers  have  made  of  late 
years  the  venerable  Dr.  Lushington  "  his  lord- 
ship "in  his  court;  and  have  even  conferred  the 
same  title  on  the  respectable  assistant-judge  and 
deputy-assistant-judge  who  preside  at  the  Mid- 
dlesex Sessions.  D.  S.  L. 

Peers'  Residences  in  1689  {S'^  S.  xi.  109.)— 
Mr.  Shirley  queries  the  corrections  '•'  Canon 
Row  "  and  "  Scarborough." 

In  reference  to  the  former,  Pennant  says  (vol.  i. 
62),  "  Canon  Row  took  its  name  from  being  the 
residence  of  the  canons  of  the  church,  but  cor- 
rupted into  Chauuell  Row." 

Carberough  cannot  be  meant  for  Scarborough, 
as  "  E,  of  Scarborough  "  is  mentioned  twicein  the 
list  as  residing  in  "  the  Ilaymarket." 


*  Francois  de  Neufchateau,  I  suppose. 
t  La  Eochcfoucault-Liancourt. 


S'-d  S.  XI.  Makcii  2,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


187 


It  is  evidently  a  misspelling'  of  tlie  title  of  John 
Vaughan,  third  Earl  of  Carbery,  -^ho  succeeded 
his  father  in  1G87.  '  LroM.  F. 

'•The Dublin  CnKisTiANlKSXKTJCTon"  (3"^  S. 
xi.  115.) — I  would  suggest  to  Abhba  to  apply  to 
Mr.  P.  D.  Hardy  (the  publisher),  23,  Upper  Sack- 
ville  Street,  Dublin,  for  information  respecting 
this  publication. 

I  believe  it  was  printed  for  jNfr.  Hardy  by 
Goodwin,  who  afterwards  removed  from  Denmark 
Street  to  Marlborough  Street,  and  took  his  son- 
in-law,  Mr.  Nethercott,  into  partnership,  which 
partnership  was  continued  by  the  junior  Goodwin 
on  the  death  of  his  father,  M.  Goodwin. 

Should  Abhba  be  vmable  to  learn  anything 
from  Mr.  Hardy,  he  will  doubtless  be  more  suc- 
cessful by  applying  to  Messrs.  Goodwin,  Son,  and 
Nethercott,  Printers,  79,  Marlborough  Street, 
Dublin.  LiOM.  F. 

Raleigh  at  the  Peisox  Wiis^dow  (3'''*  S.  xi. 
oo.) — The  story  of  Sir  AValter  Paleigh,  referred 
to  by  Mr.  Addis,  may  be  found  in  John  Pinker- 
ton's  strange  book,  Letters  of  Literatw-e  hj  Robert 
Heron,  Esq.,  8vo,  1785.  Allusions  to  the  story 
liave  also  been  made  in  an  early  volume  of  the 
Qum-terhj  Beview,  the  precise  date  of  which  I  do 
not  remember.  I  have  often  endeavoured  to 
trace  this  version  of  the  story  to  an  earlier  source, 
but  without  success, 
be  more  fortunate. 


that  this  book,  "  a  compilation  of  little  authority 
or  merit,  has  been  attributed  to  Ed.  Wynne." 
Edward  Wynne  was  the  son  of  Serjeant  Wynne, 
and  published  several  works.  In  17G5  he  printed, 
without  his  name  and  for  private  distribution  only, 
A  Miscellany  containing  several  Law  Tracts,  8vo  ; 
and  in  1774  he  published  (also  anonymously) 
Eunomus;  or,  Dialogues  concerning  the  Law  and 
Consiitution  of  England.  With  an  Essay  on  Dia- 
logue. 4  vols.  8vo.  "  In  this  elegant  and  truly 
Ciceronian  work,  Mr.  W.,  with  great  learning  and 
ingenuity,  supported  the  immense  and  complicated 
fabrick  of  the  laws  of  his  countrv.''  He  died 
Dec.  27, 1784.     (See  Gent.  Mag.  Iv.  pt.  i,  77.) 

As  his  death  took  place  five  years  before  the 
first  appearance  of  the  Strictures,  we  may,  I  think, 
conclude  that  Lowndes  was  in  error  in  ascribing 
them  to  his  pen.  Probably  they  were  written  by 
John  Huddleston  AVynne,  who  appears  to  have 
been  an  industrious  writer  for  the  booksellers  of 
that  day.  We  learn  from  Nichols's  Anecdotes,  iii. 
151,  that  he  was  employed  by  Kearslej^,  from 
whose  publishing  office  the  book  emanated. 

William  E.  A.  Axox. 

Strangeways. 

Guns  and  Pistols  (3"^  S.  xi.  115.)— The  fol- 
lowing extract  from  an  original  Ordnance  docu- 
ment in  the  possession  of  a  friend  of  mine  will  prove 
sufficient  evidence  to  solve  A.  O.  V.  P. 's  inquiry  as 
Some  of  your  readers  may  j  to  whether  guns  and  pistols  used  in  tliis  country 


X.  A.  X 

Incomer  (3"^'^  S.  x.  109,  15G,  217.)— The  mean- 
ing in  the  extract  from  Bacon's  letter  at  p.  109  is 
clearly  that  given  at  p.  150,  viz.  a  comer-in,  a 
visitor  who  makes  no  long  stay.  It  might  mean  a 
swelling  from  internal  causes,  the  Scots  sense  of 
the  word,  hut  not  without  twisting  the  sentence. 
The  contrasted  meanings  of  income,  Scotice  and 
Anglice,  are,  I  think,  pretty  well  preserved  in  the 
following  jest  perpetrated  by  an  ancient  maid  of 
our  town,  well  known  in  her  place  and  period  for 
good-nature  and  humour :  — 

"  Scene— The  Croon  of  the  Causej-.  Miss  JBetty  dis- 
covered, with  a  huge  swelling  on  her  eye.  Miss 
Peggy  {ancient  spinster  too)  accosts  with  a  sj'm- 
pathetic  whine  and  infinite  modulation  and  ges- 
ticulation. 

Betfi/.  Losh  me !  Peggy,  what  alls  yer  cc  ? 

Peggy.  Ay,  I'm  clean  blind  't  noo.  " 

Betty.  Shurely  it's  an  income? 

Peggy.  Wheesht !  wheesht !  ye  jaud. 
There's  a  tax  on  incomes  noo. 

Betty.  It  inaun  be  an  income. 

Peggy.  Weel,  wcse  uphaud  it  an  income. 
Maybe  the  Taxman  '11  no  refuse 

To  mak  me  a  deduction  for  the  loss  o'  mv  windoM-  lichts !  ' 

L. 

Strictures  on  Lawyers  (S""^  S.  xi.  57.) — In 
the  new  edition  of  Lowndes  (p.  1323)  it  is  said 


during  our  great   Civil  War,  1642—1660, 
furnished  with  flint  or  match  locks  :  — 

"  G*'i  August,  1657,  A.u.  Contracted  y-  Day  and  yeare 
above  written  w"'  .John  Watson,  Gunmakcr,  for  180  new 
Serviceable  Armes,  whereof  y"  one  moyetic  to  bee  Match- 
locke  Mnsqu"'  at  y"  rate  of'vj'  vj"*  a  p<^p.  and  y<^  other 
moyetie  to  bee  Snaphances,  at  y«  rate  ij»  vj''  a  p<^<",  to  bee 
by  him  Delyvered  into  y''  Stores  w'Mn  y^  office  of  y 
Ordnance  w'^^in  one  month  after  y<'  Date  hereof,  hee  ac- 
cepting y«  pay  of  }'«  Commonwealth  for  y^'  same. 

'•  Signed,  ^  Joiix  Watson." 

Other  similar  contracts  follow  this  for  snap- 
haunces,  blunderbuses,  and  pistols,  and  large 
quantities  of  match  for  matchlocks. 

S.  D.  Scott. 
Thomas    Lord    Cromwell,   a    Singer    and 
Comedian  (3''''  S.  ix.  122.) — Your  correspondent's 
I  reply  has  reminded  me  of  a  question  I  have  long 
wished  to  ask  in  your  pages. 

Wliere  shall  I  find  in  print  or  manuscript  the 

i  bulls  conferring  the  pardons  belonging  to  Boston 

I  in  Lincolnshire?    There  must  exist,  or  have  ex- 

I  isted,  at  least  two  documents   relating  to  these 

j  pardons :  1,  the  bull   by  which  they  were  con- 

j  lerred,  and  2,  the  notice,  proclamation,  or  adver- 

j  tisement  of  indulgence  by  which  the  pope's  gift 

was  made  known  to  the  faithful.     I  have  reason 

to  think  that  copies  of  this  last  were  circulated  in 

a  printed  form.  K.  P.  D.  E, 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  March  2,  '67. 


Feexan  Caballero  (3'^  S.  xi.  159.)  —  A  prin- 
ter's error  gives  a  peculiar  and  misleading  ap- 
pearance to  the  heading  of  my  conimuuication  on 
this  writer.  "  Agudeza"  (meaning  a  bon  mot,  or 
witty  saying,)  is  simply  part  of  the  reference  to 
a  previous  page  of  ''N.'&  Q.,"'  and  the  heading  in 
the  present  instance  ought  to  read  "  Fernan  Ca- 
ballero ('Agudeza;  S^"  S.  xi.  22)." 

"Antiquas"  should,  of  course,  be  '-'antiguas;'' 
.ind  "Morgesin"  is  a  misprint  for  "Morges  in". 
JoHif  ^Y.  Bone. 


NOTES  OX  BOOKS,  ETC. 
Calendar  of  Letters,  Despatches,  and  State  Papers  relating 
to  the  Negociations   between   England  and   Spain  pre- 
served  in   the    Archives   at    Simancas    and    elsewhere. 
Vol.  II.     Henri/  VIII.  1509-1525      Edited  bi/  G.  A. 
Bergeuroth. 
Vlironicum  Scotorttm.     A  Clironicle  of  Irish  Affairs  from 
the  earliest  Times  to  a.d.  1135.     With  a  Supplement  con- 
taining  the  Events  from  1141  to  1150.     Edited  with  a 
Translation  by  William  M.  Henessv,  M.E.I.A. 
The   War  of  Gaedhil  with  the   Gael,  or  the  Invasion  of 
Ireland  by  the  Danes  and  other  Norsemen.    The  Original 
Irish  Text    Edited  with  Translation  and  Introduction  by 
James  Henthorn  Todd,  D.D.,  M.R.I.A. 
The  Chronicle  of  Pierre  de  Langtoft,  in  French    Verse, 
from  the  earliest  period  to  the  Death  of  King  Edward  I. 
'Edited  by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.,  M.A.,  &c.     Vol.  I. 
Leechdoms,    Wortcunning,  and  Starcraft  of  Early  Eng- 
land, being  a  Collection  of  Documents,  for  the  most  part 
never  before  printed,  illustrating  the  History  of  Science 
in  this  Country  before  the  Norman  Conquest.     Collected 
and  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Oswald  Cockaviie,  M.A.,  Cantab. 
Vol.  III. 

The  good  work  inaugurated  bj'  the  Master  of  the  Rolls 
and  the  late  Sir  G.  Cornewall  Lewis  goes  on  so  rapidly, 
that  with  our  limited  space  we  have  room  for  little  more 
than  a  brief  record  of  its  progress.  We  have  here  enu- 
merated no  less  than  five  new  volumes  which  have  re- 
<;ently  been  issued.  The  first  in  size,  and  possibly  in 
importance,  is  Mr.  Bergenroth's  second  volume  of  Calcn- 
<lar  of  Papers  connected  with  Spain,  with  an  Introduction 
which  should  be  read  by  all  desirous  of  knowing  the 
nature  of  Henry's  relations  not  only  with  Spain  but 
foreign  courts  generally.  The  Chronicum  Scotorum  and 
Tlic  War  of  Gaedhil  with  the  Gael  will  be  welcome,  not 
only  to  students  of  the  early  history  of  the  Sister  Island, 
but  as  a  proof  that,  in  the  series  of  National  Chronicles, 
justice  will  be-  done  both  to  Irish  History  and  to  Irish 
Scholarship.  Those  who  know  Pierre  de  Langtoft  only 
in  Hearne's  edition  or  Baxter's  reprint  of  it,  will  be  glad 
to  have  the  original  text,  with  a  careful  collation,  from 
the  hands  of  so  competent  an  editor  as  Mr.  Wright ; 
while  a  third  volume  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cockayne's  Leech- 
doms, Wortcunning,  and.  Starcraft  will  be  no  less  wel- 
come to  those  who  delight  to  investigate  the  early  cul- 
ture and  folk  lore  of  England. 

Index  to  the  Catalogue  of  the  Manuscripts  of  Elius  Ash- 
mole,  formerly  preserved  in  the  Ashmokan' 3Iuseum,  and 
now  deposited  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxfoi-d.  (Cla- 
rendon Press.) 

The  Ashmolean  MSS.  were  in  1845  catalogued  by  Mr. 
Black,  who  thereby  did  good  service,  especially  to'gcne- 


alogical  and  historical  inquirers.  But  the  Catalogue  had 
no  Index.  The  MSS.  having  been  transferred  to  the  Bod- 
leian, the  Catalogue  of  them  has  been  made  more  useful, 
and  the  MSS.  themselves  more  available  by  an  admirable 
Index,  containing  references  to  all  names  of  persons,  and 
to  every  subject  noticed  in  the  very  minute  Catalogue 
which  Mr.  Black  prepared.  Great  credit  is  due  to  the 
Rev.  W.  D.  Macraj'  for  the  time,  labour,  and  care  he  has 
bestowed  on  the  compilation  of  this  useful  volume,  and 
equal  credit  to  the  authorities  of  Oxford  for  printing  it. 
Remains,  in  Verse  and  Prose,  of  the  Rev.  Fraticis  Kilvert, 
3I.A.  With  a  brief  Memoir.  (Sims,  Bath.) 
We  are  glad  to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers  to  this 
interesting  little  volume,  which  contains  the  Literary 
Remains  of  an  accomjilished  scholar  and  pious  and  en- 
lightened clergj'man,  who  was  a  frequent  and  welcome 
contributor  to  the  columns  of  "  N.  &  Q."  The  memoir 
which  accompanies  the  volume  is  gracefully  written  ; 
and  the  work  is  made  complete  bv  an  admirable  portrait 
of  Mr.  Kilvert. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO   PtTECHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  foUowins  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  eiven  for  that  purpose:  — 
JoHNso.v  AND   Stehvens's  Shakspeare.    Svo.    2nd  edition,  1778.   Vols. 

II.  V.  and  X. 
Plolllv's  Aacient  HisToiiY.    Vols.  I.  II.  III.  ?.nd  IV.    Dublin,  1736. 

Wanted  by  Captain  Busk,  United  University  Club,  Fall  Mall,  S.W. 
Baikie's  List  of  Books  RrtATiNO  to  Okkney. 

AVauted  by  Captain  F.  M.  Smith,  Waltham  Abbey,  London,  N. 

Hammer's  j 
don,  180i. 
Wanted  by  F.. 


lENT  AtrHABET  AND  HlKROOLYPHIC    CHARACTERS.    LOn- 

W.,  London  Institution,  Finsbury  Circus  Place. 


Bishop  Juxon.  ^Yith  rcUnncc  to  Soum  Cdique's  complaint  in  last 
"  N.  &  Q."  that  2Ir.  Mai/'er  had  Quoted  an  article  from  a  Gloucester 
paper  which  had  originaliu  apjicaredin  The  Guardlan.we are  requested 
to  state,  that  the  Gloucester  paper  got  it  from  a  Bristol  paper.  Thvi 
practice  of  quoting  toithout  acknowledgment  is  very  unjust.  It  ts  one  of 
which  '•  N.'  &  Q."  has  great  reason  to  complain. 

FiORLvs.— H.  F.  The  no-called  "  graceless  "  fiorins  are  common.  See 
for  notes  on  them  "  N.  &  Q."  1st  S.  i.  116. 

Portrait  op  De  Qoincet D.  L.  C.    The  only  engraved  portrait  i< 

that  pre JLxed  to  his  collected  works. 

Drawcansir E.  0.  R.  (.Sutlierland.")  Drawca7isir  is  tltc  name  of  the 

hi-aggart  in  the  Duke  of  Buckingham's  Rehearsal. 

H.  H.  (Oxford. )  For  "  Amicus  Plato,"  ^c,  from  Arist.  Eth.  Nicom., 
1.  i.  c.  6,  see  "  N.  &  Q."  1st  S.  iii.  4S4,  &c. 

J.  G.  L.  will  find  a  long  notice  oftlte  Fenians  in  our  3rd  S.  vii.  308. 

L.  C.  B.  It  is  commonly  said  that  "  Parsley  goes  nine  times  to  the 
Devil,"  from  the  seed  lying  nine  weeks  in  thegro'md  before  it  comes  up. 

M.  S.  GAtToN.  (Exeter.)  Skuddesnces  is  a  cape  at  the  south-east  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  ofKarmde,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Bukke  Fiord,  an 
inlet  on  the  west  coast  of  Norway.    See  "  N.  &  Q."  3rd  S.  ix.  391. 

"  The  Adventdre."  It  tvas  Captain  Fumcaux  (not  Sir  John  Frank- 
lin') who  sailed  in  the"  Adventure"  from  Plymouth,  July  31, 1772,  tn  his 
first  voynge  to  the  Pacific.  In  1773  he  discovered  the  island  at  the  S.E. 
end  of  Van  Diemen's  Land,  which  he  named  Adventure  Bay. 

A.  O.  V.  P.  Thomas  Innes's  paper  on  the  Salisbury  Liturgy  used  in 
Scotland  is  printed  in  the  Spalding  Miscelliiny,  ltJ42,  ii.  364. 

J.  Jones  FRycE.  For  the  work  required  apply  to  Messrs.  Bell  and 
Dakly,  IsS,  Fleet  Street.  ■> 

Errata— 3rd  S.  xi.  21,  col.  ii.  line  21,  for  "  Bonner  Thornton  "read 
"Bonnel  Thornton;"  line  Ti,  for  "Moses  Mindou  "  read  Moses 
Mendcz":  p.  41,  col.  ii.  lines  G,  1!,  15,  and  22,  for  "stanzas  read 
■■  stanza." 

"Notes  &  Queries"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


Rapid  Core  of  Severe  Cold  bv  Dr.  Locock's  Polmonic  Wafers. 
"  To  Mr.  Winnall,  Bookseller,  108.  Hi?h  Street  Birmmehara:  I  had 
been  troubled  with  a  severe  cold  and  a  difficulty  of  breatnm-.mth  ti|ht 
ness  at  the  chest.  Your  assistant  prescribed  me  Dr.  Locock  s  Wateis, 
and  in  a  few  minutes  the  tiRhtness  of  my  chest  had  entirely  leJt, 
leuviDK  only  a  sliaht  cough,  whicli  left  me  next  day.  They  gYJl 'di- 
stant relief  to  asthma,  consumption,  cough,  colds,  and  all  disorders  o£ 
the  breath  and  lungs.    Price  \f.  )  >,d.  per  box.   bold  by  all  Druggists. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

FOR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 


"■WTien  found,  make  a  note  of." — Captain  Cdttle. 


No.  271. 


Saturday,  March  9,  1867. 


Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition,  5<l, 


UNIVERSITY  OF  LONDON. 
T^OTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN,   That  on  Wed- 

W     NESDAY,  24th  of  April  next,  the  Seuate  will  proceed  to  elect 
Examiners  in  the  following  Dopartmeuti  :  — 

Ex  iminerships.       Salaries,  rresent  Examiners. 

Arts  and  Science.    (Eaclt.) 

Two  in  Classics 200?.    {^^e^j"''""  '''""*'• 

Tho  in   ne  English  Lan-)  (Rev.  Joseph  Angus,  D.B. 

,Mu,,,e,^^  ZUa-alure,    a»rfj-    120Z.   (^hr.  Knight  Watson,  Esq.,  JI.A. 

Twoi:r/,;'^;:;;.i«,;.;<«.c  ,oi.  gi^;^^-^^!;^i^^:i-''- 

T^o-.uTkcGcnnan Language  ZOl.   {^™Ji„^,:"=""=""- ^''■^• 
Two  in  Tlie  Uebrew  rej:t  of 

lite    Old    Testament,    the  \ 

Oreth  Text  of  the  New  \  rM     f  William  Aldis  Wright,  Esq.,  M.A. 

Testament,  the  Evidences  f  IVacant. 

i'fihe  Christian  Jteliffion,  I 

aiul  Scripture  JIt-toii/ ...' 

Two  in  Logic  and  Moral\  „,.,     f Prof.  Bain,  M.A. 

I-hilosn^hsi J  ""'•   lt;dwardPoste.E8q.,M.A. 

rr.       •_  r>„j-.; ;  p„- ,«.,,..  on7     •  William  B.  Hodgson,  Esq.,  LL.D. 

T-KomPohticalEc^Mmu...  ZOl.   (jacob  »^ley,;Esq.,  M.A. 

Two  in  ifalhematics   a,nd\  cnrxi    lEdwanWohn  Kouth,  Es j.,  M.A. 

Natural  Phdusuphji J  -"^'-    asaacTd5hunter,Esq..M.A.,F.R.S. 

Two  in  Experimental  Phi-^  ,„,    f™*^  «"kes.  M.  A.,  D.C.L.,  Sec. 

rr    „■    ^7  „,•..,„  1-.-7    /Henry  Debus.  Esq. .  Pli.D.,F.R.S. 

Two  m  Chemistri, l,oZ.   \  vrof.  Williamson!  Ph.D..  F.R.S. 

Two  in  Botany  and  Vege-\  »,,    /Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley,  M..\. 

taCla  Phi/siuloai/ /  "'•  ITiios.  Thomson. Esq., M.D., F.R.S. 

n,       ■    r<    1         ...J  7^.7™  1  (Archibald    Geikie,    Esq.,  F.R.S. , 

Two  ui  Geiilog:/ and  Palai-l  75;    .(       F  Q  S. 

oM"l<".l!l )  ■   (.Prof.  T.  Rupert  Joues,  F.G.S . 

Laws. 

"-       •     7-   ,„„„  7,7„  7J,.;,  1  f Prof.  Mountague Bernard,  n.C.L., 

"Xvo  \n  Law  and  the  rnn-\    ^^^j    ■        M  \ 
ciples  „f  Legislation j  •    (j^^^  Richard  Quain,  Esq.,  LL.B. 

Mbdicine. 

„       .,,,..  ,.„,  fProf.  E.  A.Parkes,M.D.,F.R.S. 

Two  in  ii/e(7ici/ie lo'J.  (Samuel  Wilks,  Esq.,  M.D. 

,_       .     o  ,.„,  (K.  Le  Gros  Clark,  Esq. 

Two  in  iiurgery 1jO(.  yYTOi.  J.  Eric  Erichseii. 

Two  in  A  uatomy !00!.   {vv°uiSi  Tm"e^' Esq.,  M.B. 

Two  in  Pln/siolng,,.  Compa-y  ,  p^^f.  Huxley,  LL.D.,  F.R„P. 

ralwe  Anatomii,andZuo- ^    l^d.    ^,^y  §_  gavory,  Esq.,  M.B.,  F.R.S. 
(John  Braxton  Hicks,  Esq.,M.D., 

Two  in  J/Wi<,v/c/!/ 7il.  <       F.R.S. 

(Prof.  Priestley,  M.D. 
Two  in  Matcrial/edicnnnrn  (Frederick  J.  Farre,  Esq.,  M.D. 

Pharmaceutical   Chenis-Y     7bl.  %Samuel  Osborne  Haberslion, Esq., 

/-•;/   i  \  ^    M.D. 

TwoiuFo/-CHsj"cil/c<Kc,«e  ..     50?.   jvacant." 

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[3'd  S.  XI.  Makch  9,  '67. 


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then :  "  The  Beconnoiterer  is  very  good."_EARL  of  Breadalbane  : 
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the  recommendation  of  its  maker,  nor,  although  I  have  tried  many,  a 
Glass  cOTibining  so  much  power  for  its  size  with  so  much  clearness."- 
The  Fidd :  "  We  have  carefully  tried  it  at  an  80n-yard  rifle  range  against 
all  the  glasses  possessed  by  the  members  of  the  Corps,  and  found  it  fully 
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CAUTION The  great  success  of  this  instrument  has  given  rise  to 

several  vile  and  worthless  imitations — The  Ctlebrated  "HYTHE" 
GLASS  shows  bullet-marks  at  1,200  yar  Is,  and  men  at  3J  miles,  price 
31s.  6d.  All  the  above  glasses,  respectively  bearing  the  registered  trade 
marks.  "Salom,"  "  Reconnciterer,"  and  "  Hythe,"  arc  only  to  be  had 
direct  from,  and  by  written  application  to,  S.^LOM  &  CO,  137,  Regent 
Street,  London  ;  and  9S,  Princes  Street,  Edinburgh. 
Established  1829. 


3'd  S.  XL  Makch  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


189 


LONDOy,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  9,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— Noj^i;  Q^"/' 

NOTES  :  —  Latin  Poems  :  Walter  Mapes  :  Battle  of  Kriclie- 
nau,  1757. 189  —  Ancient  Worcestershire  Inventory,  190  — 
IBernar,  191  —  Mar's  Work,  Stirling  —  Archbishop  holding 
Crozier  in  Right  Hand  —  Old  Saying  —  Autographs  in 
Books  — Prowe  (adjective)  —  Servants'  Tea  and  Sugar  — 
"  When  Adam  delved,"  &c.,  191. 

QUERIES:  —William  Balcorabe  — Rev.  James' Burgess  — 
De  Ros  — Sir  Tiiomas  Dickinson,  Knt.,  M.P.  — Dreams 
and  Signs  —  Kair  standingon  End—  Heathen  Sacrifices  — 
Charles  Lamb's  "  Eha  "—Marriage  of  George  III.  (or  IV.  ?) 

—  Penny  Magazine  — Dark  Moon  — General  Oglethorpe  — 
Quotation  —  Colonel   Rossiter  —  Scottish,  Archaeology — 

:  Monastic  Seal  —  Tacamahac,  193. 

QPEKIES  WITH  Answers:  —  Quotation  wanted  —  Napo- 
leon— Potato  —  Oxford  Version  of  Boetius,  1674  — Clocks 
stopped  on  a  Death  —  Baron  MacGillicot  —  Medical  Treat- 
ment in  the  Middle  Ages,  194. 

REPLIES:  — Hannah  Lightfoot,  196  —  Pews,  198  —Printed 
Grants  of  Arms,  199  — Errors  in  Parish  Registers:  the 
Dalmahoy  Family,  200  —  John  Pennyman,  201  —  Raleigh 
at  his  Prison  Window,  lb. — Passage  in  "  Hamlet " :  Wyeth 
the  Commentator  — Jacobite  Verses  —  Grammar  Schools 

—  Change  of  Name  — James  Gillray,  Caricaturist,  and  the 
Penn  Family  —  "  Livings  "  and  "  Tenantry  Fields  "  — 
Double  Acrostic :  when  and  by  whom  invented  —  Slade  or 
Slader  —  Occurrences  in  Edinburgh,  1688  —  Chaplains  to 
Archbishops  and  Bishops  —  Whey  and  the  Rheumatism— 
Junius  —  Hymnody  —  Biting  the  Thumb  —  Reason  or  In- 
stinct —  Oallabre  —  Menmath  —  Old  Pictures  —  Dutch 
Ballad  — Books  for  learning  Dutch  —  St.  Maurice  and  St. 
Lazare  —  Quotation  wanted  —  Richard  Hey,  LL.D.  — 
Dancing  before  the  Altar  —  A  Pair  of  Stairs  —  Roman 
Taxation  levied  per  Tiles  and  Roofs  of  Houses  —  Cary's 
Dante  —  Marriage  Ring  —  Advertising  —Angels  of  the 
Churches  —  Sir  Thomas  Apreece,  &c.,  202. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


LATIN  POEMS  :    WALTER  MAPES  :    BATTLE 
OF  KRICHEMAU,  1757. 

The  foUowina-  pieces,  bound  up  together  in  one 
volume,  are  sufficiently  curious  to  warrant  a  belief 
that  they  may  not  be  uninteresting  to  the  biblio- 
grapher, and  not  improbably  some  of  your  readers 
may  be  so  obliging  as  to  afford  information  about 
them. 

1.  The  first  article  is  thus  described  in  the  title : 
^'Gvalteri  Mapes  Rythmi  Bini  de  Concordia 
Eationis  et  Fidei,  ex  Codice  Manuscripto  Aca- 
demise  Lipsiensis  Eruti,"  Helmstadii,  1720.  It  is 
is  inscribed  by  Polycarp  Leyserus  to  Frederick 
William  Berlingius  "  Occasione  Dissertationis 
Inauguralis  et  Laurese  Doctoralis  Theologies." 
In  a  brief  prefatory  notice,  Leyserus  observes : — 

"Quamvis  vero  hodierni  seculi  doctores  solidioribus 
longe,  et  accuratioribus  fundamentis  doctrinas  superstru- 
ant,  non  tarn  en  injucundum  fuerit  etiam  antiquiorum 
cogitata  legisse.  Itaque  luce  non  prorsus  indignos  judi- 
cavi  Rythmos,  quos  decimo  tertio  post  Christum  natum 
seculo  conscripsit  Gualterus  Mapes.  Nomen  quidem  auc- 
toris  in  codice  quo  usus  sum  manuscripto  non  legitur 
expressum.  Testantur  tamen  Jo.  Baleus  et  lo.  Pitseus 
Gualterum  eorum  confectorem  fuisse.  Favet  testimonio 
stylus  et  alia." 


The  first  poem  is  called  "Rithmus  Jordania 
Fantasmatis,"  and  contains  one  hundred  and  forty 
lines.  The  second  is  "  Eithmus  de  fide  et  ratione 
invicem  disceptantibus."  Of  this  there  remain 
sixty-four  lines,  the  tract  being  defective  in  the  last 
leaf.  It  would  be  desirable  to  ascertain  if  these 
verses  are  by  Walter  Mapes,  as  asserted  by  his 
editor,  and  also  if  the  manuscript  from  which  they 
were  extracted  is  still  preserved  at  Leipsic  ? 

2.  "  Achillis  Clavigeri  Veronensis  Satyra,  in  no- 
vam  Discordem  Concordiam  Bergensem. 

'  Ridentem  dicere  verum  quid  vetat  ? ' 

Lugduni  Batauorum  per  Henricum  Hatstam. 
Anno  cio.io.xxcii.-'  There  is  no  pagination.  At 
signature  B  (4)  commence — "Mirge  Hominum 
Metamorphoses,  quae  nuper  in  Germania,  ivsto  Ne- 
mesis iudicio,  contigerunt,  ex  Ovidio,  a  loan.  Capi- 
lupo  descriptee."  Luther  is  metamorphosed  into 
an  ape  ;  "  Clerici  subsignatores  vbiquitatis,"  into 
oxen ;  "  Quidam  in  Eanas  conuiciatrices" ;  Frisch- 
linus,  into  a  crow;  Schmedelinus,  first  into  a 
goat,  and  afterwards  into  a  wolf,  &c.  This  curious 
production  is  defective  in  the  last  leaf, 

3.  ''  Petri  Apollonii  Collatini  Carmen,  de  duello 
Davidis  et  Golite.  Tubingse."  1761.  From  the 
edition  of  Heumannus,  by  John  Frederick  Clos- 
sius,  with  critical  observations.  Where  is  any- 
thing to  be  found  of  the  author  ?  as  Clossius  gives 
no  information  about  him.  Neither  did  the  pre- 
vious editor. 

4.  *'  Heroica  Belgarum  Expeditio  pro  reparanda 
Protestantium  in  Anglia  libertate  suscepta,  auspi- 
catissimo  ductu  Gulielmi  III.,"  who,  with  his 
high-born  spouse  Maria,  "  stupendis  divinse  Pro- 
videntite  miraculis,  are  by  Parliament  called 
upon  to  rule  England,  France,  Scotland,  and  Ire- 
land, narrated  in  heroic  verse  by  Martin  Har- 
lingius,  clergyman  of  Horn.  Horn,  1689,  Of  this 
poem  I  have  not  been  able  to  trace  a  second  copy. 

5.  ''  Ecloga  in  Laudem  pie  defuncti  Gellerti ;  " 
by  Eudolph  Felix  Charles  Theodore  Tammer. 
Eatisbon,  1670.     Eight  leaves. 

6.  "Carmen  Panegyricum,  Serenissimo  Xaverio," 
actum  positi  ad  restaurandam  Sanctse  Crucis 
yEdem  Lapidis  Inauguralis,  xvi.  Jul.,  1764.  By 
Adam  Grenz.     Dresden. 

7.  ''  Carmen  maximam  partem  ineditum  ex 
cod.  MS.  chartaceo"  profert  D.  Johanni  Bartho- 
lomseo  Nagelio  et  Carolo  WissmuUero  Societas 
Latina  Altorfina.  The  preface  states,  *'  carminis, 
quod  iani  exhibetur,  auctor  plane  ignoratur."  The 
MS.  is  described  as  one  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
and  contains,  besides  what  is  printed,  "  duo  alia 
carmina  satyrici  argumenti."  It  ends,  "explicit 
liber  Filonis ;  "  "  E  codice  collectionis  suse  edidit 
Georgius  Veesenmeyer,  Ulma — Sueuus.  Mense 
Januario,  an.  mdcclixxviii." 

8.  ''  Adriani  Van  Eoyen  Carmen  Elegiacum  de 
Amoribua  et  Connubiis    Plantarum."     Lugduni 


190 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^-d  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67. 


Bat.  1732.     This  singular  poem,  wHcli  perhaps 
was  known  to  Darwin,  commences  thus  : — 
•'  Sive  furor,  seu  morbus  Amor  sit  atrocior,  a;gra?, 
Seu  vitium  mentis,  seu  rationis  opus ; 
Sive  aliquid,  secti  quod  cum  moderamine  mundi 

jEtheria  magnos  ponit  in  ai-ce  Deos  : 
Omnibus  in  terris  animalia  solis  ab  ortu 
Solis  ad  occasum  nota  gubernat  Amor : 
Cujus  ad  arbitrium,  quicquid  natura  creavit 

Cogitur  fetatis  fata  subire  sure. 
Impetus  ille  viros,  rapit  impetus  iUe  puellas, 
Ingenitusque  sibi  quemlibet  ardor  agit." 

9.  "Poeme  sur  la  Bataille  gagnee  a  Kriche- 
uau,  le  18  juin,  1757,  par  I'Armee  de  S.  M. 
I'lmperatrice  Reine,  sous  les  ordres  du  Marechal 
Conite  de  Daun,  sur  celle  du  Hoi  de  Prusse,  com- 
mandee  par  le  Roi  en  personne.  1757."  This 
production  is  apparently  printed  for  private  circu- 
lation, and  is  subscribed,  "  Gaubier  de  Barreau, 
Tolontaire  a  I'armee  de  Boheme,  aupres  du  Gene- 
ral Compte  Nicolas  Esterhazy."  J.  M. 


ANCIENT  WORCESTERSHIRE  INVENTORY. 

Among  Lord  Lyttelton's  family  MSS.  in  the 
muniment  room  at  Plagley  is  an  interesting  inven- 
tory of  furniture,  &c.,  in  the  year  1605,  which 
throws  some  light  upon  the  appointments  of  a 
great  mansion  in  those  days.  The  first  sheet  is 
inscribed :  — 

"  A  trewe  inventorie  of  all  such  goods  as  were  seazed 
by  Sr.  Thos.  Russell,  knight,  sheriff  of  the  countie  of 
Worcester,  and  soulde  by  him  unto  Meriell  Litelton, 
■ft-iddow,  by  virtue  of  a  writ  of  ffiei-i  fac.  at  the  suite  of 
John  Greene,  unto  him  directed  as  foloweth." 

To  the  last  sheet  of  the  inventory  is  appended 
the  following  note,  written  a  century  and  a  half 
later  by  Bishop  Lyttelton,  who  was  the  president 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  and  who  arranged 
and  labelled  the  Lyttelton  family  papers  :  — 

"  Inventory  of  the  goods  &  furniture  seiz'd  by  the 
Sheriff  of  Worcestershire  ye  2^  .Tames  1"  belonging  to 
M"  Meriel  Lyttelton,  widow  of  John  Lyttelton,  Esq.,  of 
Frankley  Hall  or  Ilagley  Hall,  but  I  I'ather  think  at  ve 
former.     C.  Lyttelton,  Jan.  20,  1750." 

Meriel  or  Muriel  Lyttelton  was  the  daughter  of 
Lord  Chancellor  Bromley,  and  the  wife  of  John 
Lyttelton,  Esq.,  of  Frankley,  which  was  then  the 
principal  family  seat,  although  Hagley  had  then 
belonged  to  them  for  many  years.  John  Lyttel- 
ton was  a  zealous  Papist,  and  for  his  connection 
with  Essex's  plot  against  the  Government  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  year  IGOO,  he  was  con- 
demned, his  estates  forfeited,  and  he  died  in  King's 
Bench  prison.  By  the  interest  of  Muriel,  his 
widow,  King  James  granted  back  by  letters  patent 
the  whole  of  the  estates,  reversed  the  attainder, 
and  restored  the  blood.  This  lady,  therefore,  has 
been  justly  denominated  the  second  founder  of 
the  family,  aud  living  with  great  prudence  and 


economy  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
after  the  above  event,  she  contributed  materially 
to  retrieve  the  family  estates,  and  to  pay  off  an 
accumulation  of  debts.  But  what  was  this  seizure 
of  furniture  in  1605  ?  Was  it  in  connection  with 
the  Gunpowder  Plot  of  that  year  ?  At  least  two 
members  of  the  family  were  concerned  in  that 
plot,  and  Hagley  was  the  scene  of  their  conceal- 
ment and  discovery.  At  that  time  Sir  Thomas 
Lyttelton,  of  Frankley,  was  the  representative  of 
the  family  honours,  and  the  good  widow  ^Muriel 
may  have  been  then  residing  either  with  him  at 
Frankley  or  at  Hagley.  It  is  therefore  not  cer- 
tain to  which  of  those  mansions  this  interesting 
inventory  pertains. 

The  various  apartments  in  the  house,  with  their 
respective  contents,  are  noted  in  the  following 
order:  the  arras  chamber,  closet  witliin  arras 
chamber,  lower  wainscot  chamber,  inward  cham- 
ber to  the  same,  wainscot  chamber,  in-door 
chamber  to  the  same,  great  parlour,  little  parlour, 
butteiy  and  pantrj',  hall,  old  gallery,  still-house 
(distilling  ?)  chamber,  the  parson's  chamber, 
faulkner  (falconer's)  chamber,  next  chamber  to 
that,  nursery  chamber,  little  chamber  next  to  the 
nursery,  the  brushing  room,  inward  chamber  at 
the  gallery,  chamber  adjoining  to  that,  turret 
chamber,  gallery  between,  and  chamber  within 
the  gallery,  great  chamber,  inward  chamber  to 
the  same,  a  brushing  place,  the  armory,  store- 
house, kitchen,  brewhouse,  boulting-house,  in- 
ward chamber  to  upper  wainscot  chamber,  daye 
(dairy  ?)  house,  cellars,  barn,  room  at  stair  head, 
and  the  baylie's  chamber. 

The  mansion  therefore  contained  nearly  forty 
apartments.  The  principal  bed-room  was  called 
"  the  great  chamber,"  wherein  was  a  bedstead 
with  furniture  of  satin  embroidered  and  silk  cur- 
tains ;  it  had  a  down  bed,  a  quilt,  a  mattress,  four 
blankets,  two  pillows,  one  bolster,  a  red  rug,  a 
chair  of  "  cope  stuff,"  two  chairs  aud  a  stool, 
covered  with  blue  silk.  There  was  tapestry  in 
the  apartment,  and  curtains  to  all  the  windows. 
In  the  arras  chamber  was  a  "  varnyshed  bedsteed," 
with  five  curtains  of  green  save  (the  serge  of 
Ghent,  which  usually  formed  the  hangings  in  the 
best  chamber).  Tapestry  is  mentioned  in  two 
only  of  the  apartments.  The  beds  were  either  of 
down,  wool,  or  flock ;  hangings  of  tissue  fringed 
with  silver  and  silk ;  curtains  of  crimson  silk ; 
window  curtains  of  yellow  damask.  The  bulk  of 
the  linen  seems  to  have  been  kept  in  cofl'ers  or 
chests  in  the  closet  within  the  arras  chamber: 
here  were  table  cloths,  cupboard  cloths,  towels, 
napkins,  sheets,  and  "  pillowbeeres "  (pillow- 
cases, still  called  "pillowbeers  "  in  Shropshire). 
Some  of  the  sheets  were  of  flax,  others  of  hemp  ; 
and  holland,  diaper,  and  damask  were  the  mate- 
rials of  the  finer  linen.  There  were  "  flaxen  nap- 
kins wroughte  with   blewe,"   and  some    of   the 


.3rd  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


191 


"  pillowbeeres "  were  of  calico.  Twenty  beds 
are  specified  iu  the  inventory,  but  some  of  the 
domestics  slept  on  mattresses  only.  The  parson 
(they  kept  a  family  chaplain  at  Frankley)  and  the 
falconer  had  only  a  mattress  each. 

"  At  the  stayre  head  by  the  arras  chamber  dore  " 
was  also  a  chest  with  linen.  As  to  the  principal 
furniture,  there  were  tables  and  sideboards  on 
frames ;  many  chairs  covered  with  leather,  others 
with  silk ;  in  one  of  the  brushing  rooms  was  a 
press  —  a  great  upstanding  piece  of  furniture  like 
a  wardrobe  —  and  in  the  other  a  chest  containing 
n  Turkey  carpet  and  cushions.  In  most  of  the 
rooms  were  "  fermes,"'  joined  stools  and  low  stools, 
tables  on  frames,  and  brass  andirons  (fire-dogs) ; 
in  the  upper  wainscot  chamber  "a  wermyng 
panne  "  ;  and  elsewhere  two  maps  and  one  picture. 
The  kitchen  contained  the  universal  "  brasse 
potts,"  "  possenetts,  chaferns,  chaftyng  dishes, 
cobirons,"  spits,  jacks,  and  pewter  services;  19 
casks  and  G  barrels  (valued  at  only  ISs.  4<7. !)  were 
in  the  cellar;  whilst  in  the  barn  were  noted 
"  wayne  bodies  to  carry  deere,"  an  old  tumbrell 
(waggon),  "  plowmen's  axletrees  and  hordes," 
&c. 

Such  establishments  were  never  unprovided 
with  armour ;  and  accordingly,  in  the  gallery  and 
armoury,  we  find  — 

"  214  browne  bylls,  one  pole-ax,  one  partizen,  and  one 
globe,  71  picks,  81  quilted  coats  and  jacks,  3  sieves 
quilted  -with  iron,  5  almayne  rivetts,  5  lances,  5  short 
swords  -with  plate  &  sculls,  and  12  plated  coates  ;  2  cors- 
letts,  5  calivers,  2  crosbowes  Avith  arrowes,  &  3  short 
pistoUs  with  flasks."' 

The  sum  total  of  the  value  of  the  entire  goods 
was  but  124^.  3s.  8d.,  but  this  must  be  multiplied 
by  15  or  20  to  bring  it  down  to  the  present  value 
of  money.  J.  Noake. 

Worcester. 


BEEXAR, 

In  Jesse's  ResearcJies  into  ihe  History  of  the 
'British  Dog,  I  find  the  following  passages :  — 

"  We  send  you  also  William  Fitz-Richard,  Guy  the 
huntsman,  and  Robert  de  Stanton,  commanding  you  to 
provide  necessaries  for  the  same  greyhounds  and '  veitrars,' 
and  our  dogs  '  de  motis,'  and  brachets,  with  their  ber- 
nars,"  &c. — Vol.  ii.  p.  27. 

"  And  than  shuld  ye  beeriiers  on  foot,  and  ye  gromes 
lede  home  j'e  houndes,"  &c. — Vol.  ii.  p.  123. 

"  And  whan  ye  yemen,  heemers,  and  gromes  lian  ladde 
home  ye  houndes,  and  sette  hem  wel  up,  and  ordeynne 
water  and  strawe  after  yat  hem  nedeth,"  ie. — Ibid.  ' 

Observing  that  the  learned  author  is  for  once 
somewhat  at  fault  about  the  meaning  and  origin 
of  the  term,  I  send  you  the  following  note :  — 

Mr.  Jesse  says :  — 

"  Bernars — qy.,  bowmen,  or  huntsmen,  from  bersare, 
to  hunt  or  shoot. —  Coicel.  Or  from  bernage,  equipage, 
train,  ifec. — Cntgrave." 


But  the  true  meaning  is  better  given  in  Roque- 
fort.    We  there  find  — 

"  Berniers,  vassaux  qui  p^j-oient  le  droit  de  brenage." 
And  again : 

"  Brenage,  redevance  en  son,  que  des  vassaux  payoient 
d'abord  a  certains  seigneurs  pour  la  nourriture  de  leurs 
chiens ;  en  bas-Lat.  brenagium." 
And  again :  — 

"  Bren,  bran,  brenie,  ordure,  et  du  son,  ou  ce  qui  reste 
dans  le  sas  de  la  farine  sassee ;  en  bas-Bret.  bren,  son." 

It  hence  appears  that  a  hernar  might,  in  modern 
English,  be  well  named  a  branner ;  i.  e.  a  man 
who  provides  bran  for  dogs,  where  by  bran  may 
be  denoted  refuse  of  various  kinds,  and  not  only 
that  obtained  from  husks  of  corn.  Wedgwood, 
s.  V.  Bran,  explains  that  it  means  refuse,  draff, 
leavings,  ordure  ;  and  instances  the  Breton  brenn 
heslcen  as  meaning  refuse  of  the  saw,  sawdust. 

The  duty  of  the  berner  was,  no  doubt,  to  feed 
the  dogs ;  for  Mr.  Jesse  says  again :  — 

'•  Besides  the  foregoing,  and  not  included,  was  the 
wages  of  a  certain  valet  ('  berner')  for  the  keep  of  fifteen 
running-dogs  during  forty  days  in  Lent." — Vol.  ii.  p.  132. 

Yet  again  we  read  :  — 

"  IVIention  is  made  likewise  of  *  the  Pantrj-es,  Chip- 
pinges,  and  broken  breade,'  a  kind  of  food  which  is  fre- 
quently spoken  of  about  this  period." — Vol.  ii.  p.  125. 

This  may  be  the  signification  of  bran  in  its 
wider  sense. 

One  more  quotation  (referring  to  the  49th  year 
of  Henry  III.),  is  too  important  to  be  omitted :  — 

"  In  acquittance  of  the  expenses  of  Richard  de  Can- 
devere  and  William  de  Candevere  going  for  bran,"  &c. — 
Vol.  ii,  p.  36. 

It  might  easily  happen  that  a  person  who 
engaged  to  provide  food  for  liounds  was  be  a 
man  of  wealth :  for  numerous  examples  of  such 
"dog  tenures,"  see  the  same  volume,  pp.  41,  42, 
43.  This  perhaps  may  account  for  the  name 
being  applied  to  persons  of  higher  station,  and  I 
suppose  such  to  have  been  the  origin  of  the  name 
Berners,  of  which  Juliana  Berners,  and  Lord 
Berners,  are  such  bright  ornaments. 

Walter  W.  Skeat. 

22,  Regent  Street,  Cambridge. 


Mar's  Work,  Stirling.  —  Will  you  allow  jne 
to  correct  a  common  error  relative  to  the  name  of 
an  important  ruin  so  designated,  situated  within 
the  ancient  town  of  Stirling,  in  North  Britain  ? 
This  we  are  informed  it  obtained  from  being  the 
work  of  {i.  e.  erected  by)  the  Scotch  Earl  of  Mar, 
under  whose  direction  it  was  constructed,  in  point 
of  fact.  Mar's  Work,  however,  means  simply 
Mav's  forti/ication,  castle,  or  walled  surroundings; 
and  is  derived  from  the  Old  Norse  word  vi?-ki, 
bearing  this  significance.     It  occurs  in  the  names 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI,  March  9,  '67. 


of  otlier  places  in  Scotland,  in  the  like  sense,  as  in 
that  of  the  old  baronial  residence  of  Newark  on 
the  Frith  of  Clyde,  i;i  Burn's  Work  {Biorn 
Virlii),  Dumfries,'  and  in  another  name  similar 
to  the  latter  in  Cumberland.  It  also  appears  in 
the  family  legend  of  the  northern  Earl  of  Caith- 
ness— "  Commit  thy  verk  to  God."  This  has 
generally  been  explained  in  the  sense  of  "  Cast 
your  labours  upon  God,"  but  which  is  obviously 
intended  to  convey :  Trust  not  to  the  ordinary 
defences  of  stone  and  mortar,  but  resign  your 
stronghold  to  the  keeping  of  God.  Another 
application  of  the  word  is  found  among  the  Scan- 
dinavian population  of  the  city  of  Aberdeen,  viz. 
its  use  to  denote  exclusively  a  class  of  labourers 
selected  to  the  post  on  account  of  their  large 
stature  and  great  physical  strength,  whose  duty  it 
is  to  discharge  the  shipping  in  the  harbour.  These 
are  called  "  ivarkva.eny  Dr.  Jamieson  gives  as 
the  primary  signification  of  this  term,  in  the 
singular  number :  "  One  who  engages  in  any 
xvork  he  can  find,  a  jobber."  It  is  plain  however 
that  the  ordinary  street  porters,  who  are  not  called 
''  warkmen,"  are  equally  with  the  others  in  every 
sense  ''jobbers,"  and  engage  in  any  loork  they 
can  find.  It  is  common  with  the  vulgar  who 
have  "lifts"  to  be  moved,  to  say  "We'll  send 
for  the  warkmen,"  i.  e.  in  preference  to  dally- 
ing with  persons  of  inferior  strength.  Warkmen 
then  seems  to  mean,  not  merely  persons  who  per- 
form manual  labour,  but  strong  men  employed  to 
bear  heavy  burdens :  Wark,  a  fortification,  ram- 
part, bulwark,  intrenchment,  walls,  &c. ;  and  Wark, 
an  adjective,  denoting  physical  power. 

It  may  be  noted  in  passing  that  the  name 
Wark,  as  a  surname,  occurs  among  the  Norse 
inhabitants  of  the  Isle  of  Bute.         J.  C.  Roger. 

Jfew  Inn,  London. 

Aechbishop    holding    Ceozier    in    Right 
Hand. — A  very  early  instance  of  an  archbishop 
holding  his  crozier  in  his  right  hand  is  given  in 
Fosbroke's    British   Monachism,    p.    291.      It   is 
taken  from  a  Saxon  MS.,  circa  1066,  in  the  pos-  j 
session  of  F.  Douce,  Esq.     The  form  of  the  mitre  I 
is  unusually  high  for  that  period,    the  tunic  is  j 
absent,   and    the    chasuble    plain,    i.  e.    without 
orphreys.  John  Piggot,  .Tun. 

Old  Saying.— It  is  not  generally  known  what 
was  the  origin  of  the  familiar  proverb :  "  He 
that  will  be  his  own  master,  will  have  a  fool  for 
his  scholar."  I  believe  it  has  arisen  from  the 
following  sentence  of  St.  Bernard :. — 

"  Qui  se  sibi  magistrum  constituit,  stulto  se  discipulum 
subdit "  {Ep.  83)  — 

which  may  be  thus  rendered  in  English :  — 
"  He  that  will  teach  himself  in  school, 
Becomes  a  scholar  to  a  fool." 

.    F.  C.  H. 


Autographs  in  Books. — In  a  copy  of  Lydgate's 
I  translation  of  Boccaccio's  Fall  of  Princes  in  the 
Stanford   Library   (black-letter,   London,   1554), 
are  the  following  MS.  lines,  in  very  early  cha- 
racter :  — 

"  If  Pleasure  ought  thou  taken  haste  in  Boccace  -worthie 

woorke, 
Lett  not  the  same  through  Euvie's  blaste  in  silence 

coverte  lurke, 
For  paines  thou  must  perceive  he  tooke,  and  studdie 

great  did  use, 
In  searching  oute  of  stories  olde,  most  darke,  and  eke 

confuse — 
To  bring  to  light,  as  thou  maieste  reede,  their  auncient 

deeds  most  rare : 
On  which  his  buzied  tyme  to  spende,  I  wis  he  did  not 

spare. 
Yet  in  oblivions  secret   hid,  let  not  John  Lidgate's 

fame 
Be  overshadowed  silentty,  but  blaze  abroad  his  name 
For  that  with  tedious  labour  greate,  in  such  excelling 

stile, 
Into  our  vulgar  tonge  he  hath  compilde,  with  learned 

file. 
This  passing  worke.  Whearfore  adewe.  Kemember  well 

thy  charge — 
To   sound   abroad  triumphantly  their  fame   deserved 

large. 

"  Finis,  Thomas  Briggs." 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

Proave  (Adjective,)  —  The  ordinary  archaic 
dictionaries  give  the  superlative  2)ro2cest,  but  not 
the  positive  protv.  Unless  I  mistake  the  meaning 
of  the  passage,  j^^'ow  occurs  in  Zy  Beaus  Descours, 
line  1048  — 

"  He  seyde  to  hem  that  prowe." 
I  quote  from  Appendix  to  M.  Hippeau's  Le  Bel 
Inconmi.     Prow  is  an  uncommon  word,  and  seems 
worth  noting.  John  Addis  (Junior). 

Servants'  Tea  and  Sugar.— I  was  surprised 
to  find  "  tea  and  sugar  "  already  established  as  an 
institution  among  servants  so  early  as  1758.  In 
Social  Life  in  Formei-  Days,  by  E.  Dunbar  Dun- 
bar, 1866,  p.  157,  a  gentleman  thus  writes  to  his 
housekeeper :  "  The  wedges,  including  tea  and 
suggar,  &c.  is  to  be  seven  pounds  a  year." 

In  a  future  edition  of  this  volume,  I  hope  the 
editor  will  alter  the  printing  of  some  of  his  dates, 
in  which  the  m  for  1000  seems  to  have  been 
transformed  into  aj.  See  pp.  11,  13,  14,  16,  and 
others,  where  we  find  a  date  thus  oddly  printed  : 
"  The  year  of  God  Jajvic  and  twenty-fyve  yeares 
(162.5.)."  Jatdee. 

"  When  Adam  delved,"  etc. — What  was  the 
origin  of  the  distich  — 

"  When  Adam  delved  and  Eve  span. 
Who  was  then  the  gentleman  "  ? 

In  Wat  Tyler's  insurrection,  in  the  reign  of 
Richard  II.,  John  Ball  addressed  the  mob  on 
Blackheath  from  this  text.     But  it  seems  to  be 


3"^*  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


193 


common  to  Germany  also,  and  Spener  says  it  was 
written  up  in  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  city  of 
Niirnberg :  — 

"  Noribergae  ia  conspicuo  ejus  urbis  loco  elogium  tale 
lingua  vemacula  scriptum  esse  audio  : 

*  Quo  nobilis  turn  quispiam  loco  fuit, 
Cum  foderet  Adam  et  Eva  fila  duceret.' 

♦  2Bo  mag  iia  bee  (Sbelman 

®a  2Cbam  ^adtt  unb  Sua  [pan.' " 

Operis  Heraldici,  p.  spec.  p.  150.     Frank- 
furt. 1680. 

JoHIf  WOODWAKD. 
Montrose. 


William  Balcojibe. — Who  was  Mr.  "William 
Balcombe,  who  was  in  St.  Helena  with  the  Em- 
peror Napoleon  in  December,  1815  ?         S.  R.  D. 

Rev.  James  Bukgess. — W.  R.   J.   of  Bury, 

Lancashire,  will  thank  any  of  the  readers  of 
"N.  &  Q."  who  can  give  him  information  of  the 
late  Rev.  James  Burgess,  of  Hanfold,  Rochdale, 
1750 — 1800,  author  of  A  Discourse  on  Beelzebub 
drivmg  and  drotoning  his  Hogs,  and  co-author  of  A 
Treatise  on  Public  Prayer ;  or  of  his  son  Daniel 
Burgess,  who  resided  in  Liverpool  about  1820. 

De  Ros.  —  In  Banks's  Bar.  Angl.  Concent. 
(p.  378)  John  de  Ros  or  Rods  is  stated  to  have 
died  s.  p.  17  Ric.  II.  On  a  reference,  however,  to 
Add.  MSS.  Brit.  Mus.,  Sir  John  de  Roos  is  found 
to  have  had  by  his  wife  Beatrice,  daughter  of 
Roger  le  Archer,  two  daughters  and  coheiresses — 
viz.  Cecilia  and  Anne ;  the  latter  married  Thos. 
Sackville.     W^hich  authority  is  preferable  ? 

Sp. 

Sir  Thomas  Dickinson,  Znt.,  M.P.,  was  an 
alderman,  and  in  1657  Lord  Mayor  of  York.  He 
represented  the  city  in  the  parliaments  summoned 
in  the  years  1655,  1658,  and  1660.  Although  a 
strong  partisan  of  Cromwell,  he  was  probably 
moderate  in  his  religious  views ;  and,  according  to 
the  testimony  of  a  contemporary,  more  Episcopa- 
lian than  Presbyterian  or  Independent.  John 
Bulmer,  M.D.,  dedicated  to  him  his  Anthropo- 
metamorphosis ;  or,  Man  Transformed,  4to,  1653; 
and  the  Rev.  Josiah  Hunter  dedicated  to  him  a 
Sermon  on  Philip  iv.  5,  4to,  1656.  (The  title-page 
of  my  copy  of  the  latter  is  wanting  ;  could  it  be 
supplied  ?)  He  was  a  patron  of  literary  men.  I 
wish  to  ask,  what  is  known  of  his  familj^  and  de- 
scendants (he  was  not  heraldic),  and  also  if  he 
died  in  York,  and  when  ?  Did  his  son  Thomas 
Dickinson,  Esq.,  live  at  Kirby  Hall,  near  York, 

and  marry  a  daughter  of Micklethwaite,  a 

near  relative  of  the  first  Viscount  Micklethwaite  ? 
"Who  was  Dr.  Micklethwaite,  who  preached  MS, 


sermons  in  my  possession  "  at  Allhallowes  vpon 
the  payment  (pavement  ?)  in  Yorke,"  1630  ? 

F.  R.  R, 

Dreams  and  Signs,— TAe  Knowledge  of  Breams 
and  Signs,  a  penny  chap-book,  without  date, 
printed  by  E.  Hart,  Plymouth,  contains  the 
ordinary  matter  of  such  works,  but  has  the  fol- 
lowing, which  I  have  not  seen  in  any  other :  — 

"To  make  a  man  love  a  woman,  let  her  cut  ofif  secretly 
a  piece  of  his  coat  or  jacket,  and  throw  it  over  her  shoulder 
into  the  fire,  not  looking  thereon  till  all  the  fire  is  burnt 
out  and  the  hearth  is  cold." 

"  If  a  woman  leave  her  bed  to  look  at  the  morning  star, 
she  is  in  love  ;  so  if  she  plait  chaplets  of  flowers  and  put 
them  aside  till  they  fade ;  so  if  she  pick  up  shells  and 
throw  them  back  into  the  sea,  she  is  in  love,  although  she 
herself  doth  not  know  it." 

"  To  meet  a  goat  in  a  place  where  they  seldom  come, 
if  in  the  last  three  days  of  the  week,  is  bad  luck." 

"  To  meet  one  sheep  fasting  is  good  luck ;  not  so  a 
flock." 

Are  these  generally  known,  or  mere  additions  of 
the  compiler  ?  "V.  H. 

Hair  standing  on  End. — In  Job  iv.  15,  he 
says  — 

"  A  spirit  passed  before  my  face,  and  the  hair  of  my 
flesh  stood  iip." 

"We  often  hear  of  a  man's  hair  standing  on 
end  in  fright ;  but  I  do  not  know  of  any  one  in 
modern  times  having  noted  the  fact  from  his  own 
experience.  The  hair  has  often  turned  grey  on  a 
sudden  fright,  or  from  grief.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  an  instance  on  behalf  of  themselves 
or  others  of  the  hair  standing  on  end  ?  * 

Sidney  Beislt. 


P.S.  I  have  often  seen  the  hair  on  a  dog's  back 
and  a  cat's  tail" stand  on  end  with  fright. 

Heathen  Sacrifices.  —  These  are  most  likely 
to  be  met  with  in  the  Celtic  portions  of  our  island. 
Indeed  I  have  heard  something  vague  respecting 
the  sacrifice  of  a  calf  in  time  of  murrain  in  Corn- 
wall, but  cannot  get  it  authenticated.  I  shall  be 
thankful  for  certain  information  upon  this  or  any 
similar  instances.  "William  Henderson. 

Charles  Lamb's  "  Elia."  —  Charles  Lamb,  in 
the  Mia  Essay  entitled  "  Detached  Thoughts  on 
Books  and  Reading,''  quotes  some  lines  by  "a 
quaint  poetess  of  the  day,"  as  he  terms  her,  de- 
scriptive of  a  penniless  boy  eagerly  devouring  a 
book  at  a  stall,  and  being  ordered  by  the  owner 
(less  kind  than  Mr.  Kingsley's  Sandie  Machaye) 
to  put  the  book  down,  on  the  ground  that  he  never 
purchased  anything :  — 

"  You  Sir,  }'ou  never  buy  a  book. 
Therefore  in  one  you  shall  not  look." 
"Who  is  the  "  quaint  poetess  "  ? 

Jonathan  Bottchiek. 


[  *  See  «  N.  &  Q."  2'"i  S.  v.  214,  300.] 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI,  Makch  9,  '67. 


Makkiage  of  Geokge  III.  (or  I\.?)  — a 
laro-e  picture  of  the  above  was  painted  at  a  cost 
of  3000/,  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  where 
it  is  and  what  was  the  name  of  the  artist  ? 

Safa. 

PEirif  Y  Magazixe. — Some  capital  papers  which 
appeared  in  this  Magazine  were  afterwards  re- 
issued in  small  12mo  volumes,  with  the  origirial 
type  and  illustrations.  Where  can  I  find  a  list 
of  these,  and  are  they  still  to  be  procured  ? 

F.  M.  S. 

Daek  Moox.  —  A  country  newspaper  contains 
a  long  account  of  the  following  circumstance 
under  the  heading  of  "A  Dark  Moon."  A  farmer's 
wife  had  saved,  out  of  her  house-keeping  expenses 
and  unknown  to  her  husband,  some  sixty  pounds. 
Her  hiding-place  was  in  a  dark  closet  beneath  the 
stairs.  One  day  her  hoard  was  missing,  and  her 
suspicion  fell  upon  a  servant  who  had  left  her 
service  that  naoming.  The  farmer's  wife  commu- 
nicated her  loss  to  the  police,  one  of  whom  went 
to  the  house,  searched  the  spot  where  the  money 
had  been  deposited,  and,  behind  a  brick  in  the 
wall,  first  discovered  eleven  sovereigns.  Eemov- 
ing  more  bricks,  he  found  sixty  more  and  the 
remnants  of  a  canvass  bag,  which  had  contained 
meal.  It  appeared  that  the  farmer's  wife  had 
placed  the  money  in  the  meal  so  that  it  should 
not  tarnish,  and  rats  had  griawed  the  bag,  and  so 
drawn  the  money  to  their  nest.  The  account 
goes  on  to  sav  the  farmer  was  delighted  at  the 
discovery  of  his  wife's  "dark  moon."  Wanted 
to  know  why  a  woman's  secreted  savings  is  termed 
a  '•'  dark  moon  "  ?  M.  C. 

General  Oglethorpe.  —  The  advantage  I  de- 
rived from  "  N.  &  Q."  when  preparing  The  Life  of 
Wolfe  induces  me  to  seek,  through  the  same 
valuable  medium,  for  oritjinal  information  concern- 
ing General  James  Oglethorpe,  the  founder  of 
Georgia  and  the  friend  of  Dr.  Johnson.  I  have 
availed  myself  of  the  official  documents  in  the 
Record  Office,  but  think  it  possible  that  some 
correspondent  may  either  possess  or  know  of  pri- 
vate letters  of  a  man  a  "  Life  "  of  whom  "  N.  &  Q." 
has  stated  to  be  a  desideratum ;  and  as  my  ''  Me- 
moir of  Oglethorpe  "  is  already  in  the  press,  I 
shall  be  glad  to  be  favoured  with  communications 
as  soon  as  possible.  Robert  Wright, 

102,  Great  Eussell  Street,  W.C. 

Qtjotatiox. — "  None  but  poets  remember  their 
youth,"     Who  is  the  author  of  this  sentiment  ? 
A.  0.  Y.  P. 

Colonel  Rossiter. — It  is  stated  in  the  Dublin 
University  Magazine  for  November,  1866  (p.  553), 
that  Mary,  sister  to  Patrick  Sarsfield.  Earl  of 
Lucan,  married  *'  Col.  Rossiter,  co.  Wexford." 
Can  any  one  tell   me  anything  about  this  Col. 


Rossiter  and  his  family  ?     Was  he  a  cadet  of  the 
family  of  Rossiter  of  Somerby,  co.  Lincoln  ? 

'Edward  Peacock. 
Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

Scottish  Archeology,  —  Dr.  Daniel  Wilson 
(Pi-e- Historic  Annals,  p.  531}  gives  an  inscription 
from  the  cave  of  St.  Molio,  Holy  Island,  which 
he  reads  Niktdos  ahane  raid.  No  such  word  as 
the  intermediate  one,  he  says,  is  known  in  the 
Icelandic  tongue — from  which  he  infers  it  to  be 
Celtic — a  conclusion  which  seems  to  be  impossible. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  explain  this,  and  also 
give  some  accoimt  of  the  names  St.  Molio  and 
Holj^  Island  ?  Charles  Rogers,  LL.D. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

Monastic  Seal. — I  possess  a  cast  of  the  seal  of 
Spalding  Priory,  but  it  is  very  imperfect.  On  one 
side  is  the  figure  of  a  friar  or  abbot,  I  suppose, 
with  pastoral  staff"  in  his  left  hand,  and  the  right 
in  the  attitude  of  benediction.  On  the  other  side 
is  the  representation  of  the  Virgin,  as  I  take  it, 
with  the  Holy  Child,  But  little  remains  of  the 
inscription  on  both  sides  j  and  the  figures,  espe- 
cially the  last-named,  are  much  mutilated.  Is 
there  any  means  of  obtaining  a  perfect  representa- 
tion, or  of  finding  out  the  whole  of  the  inscrip- 
tions ?  I  majr  add,  that  I  understand  the  cast  is 
taken  from  the  seal  attached  to  the  deed  of  sur- 
render at  the  Dissolution.  D.  S.  L. 

Tacamahac.  —  When  I  was  a  boy  there  was,  I 
remember,  a  sovereign  balsam  in  use  in  our  part 
of  the  country  (Lincolnshire)  for  cuts,  &c.,  called 
Tacamahac  balsam.  In  the  garden  of  a  relative 
I  recollect  a  Tacamahac  tree.  I  do  not  know  that 
I  spell  the  name  rightly,  having  never  seen  the 
word  in  print.  What  is  the  proper  name  of  the 
tree,  and  is  the  balsam  still  in  use  ?         D,  S.  L. 


Quotation  wanted.  —  In  the  debate  in  Con- 
gress on  a  bill  to  prevent  any  lawyer  who  had 
been  a  Southern  sympathizer  from  practising  his 
profession,  the  Democrats  asked  for  only  an  hour's 
delay,  and,  being  refused,  impeded  business  for 
thirteen  hours  by  moving  adjournments.  While 
this  was  going  on,  some  members  began  to  sing 
in  an  under  tone  "Home,  sweet  Home,"  and  Mr. 
Grinnell  proposed  that  the  Democrats  should 
sing  the  following  verse : 

"  And  are  we  wretches  ret  alive  ? 
And  do  we  still  rebel .' 
'Tis  onlj'  by  amazing  grace 
That  we  are  out  of  hell." 

"  Times  Correspondent,"  cited  in  Herts 
Advertiser,  Feb.  16,  1867, 


S'-d  S.  XI.  Makch  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


195 


These  cheerful  lines  are  doubtless  part  of  a 
hymn.     Where  can  I  find  the  rest  ? 

FiTZHOPKINS. 
[  The  lines,  slightly  altered,  are  from  Dr.  Watts's  Hymns 
(Book  ii.   Hymn  105).    The  following  is  the  Doctor's 
version  :  — 

"  And  are  we  wretches  yet  alive  ? 
And  do  we  yet  rebel  ? 
'Tis  boundless,  'tis  amazing  love 
That  bears  us  up  from  hell !  "] 

Napoleon. — In  a  French  paper  published  here, 
The  Europe,  I  find  the  following ;  and  I  would 
ask  some  of  the  good  Greek  scholars  their  opinion 
of  it.  I  do  not  know  the  origin  of  the  name 
Napoleon,  but  supposed  always  it  was  derived 
from  the  two  Greek  words  Napos  (forest)  and 
Leon  (lion). 

The  following  is  the  article  on  this  name  from 
The  Europe :  — 

"  Anagram. 

Napoleon. 

Apoleon. 

POLEOX. 

Oleon. 

Lkon. 

Eon. 

On. 
"  Each  word  is  a  Greek  one,  and  the  whole  forms  a 
phrase  which  reads  as  follows  :  — 

"NAPOLEON  ON  O      LEON, 

eon        apoleon  poleon, 

and  meaning,  when  all  taken  together,  '  Being  the  lion 
of  the  people  who  destroys  the  cities.' " 

W.  W.  Murphy. 

Frankfort-on-the-Main. 

[This  remarkable  jew  de  mots  will  be  found  in  Littera- 
ture  Franfaisc  Contcmporaine,  ii.  26G.  The  word  Napo- 
leon, being  written  in  Greek  characters,  will  form  seven 
different  words,  by  dropping  the  first  letter  of  each  in 
succession,  namelj',  NaTroA.ecoi',  K-rroKaav,  noAeajj/,  OK^oiv, 
Aewi/,  Eco!/,  Q.V.  These  words  make  a  complete  sentence, 
and  are  thus  translated  into  French  :  "  Napole'on,  etant 
le  lion  despeuples,  allait  detruisant  les  cites."] 

Potato. — I  find  at  OfFenburgh,  near  Baden,  a 
monument  to  Sir  Francis  Drake,  "  The  first  intro- 
ducer of  the  potato  into  Europe."  Is  this  correct  ? 
We  have  been  told  that  Sir  Walter  Ealeigh  was 
the  person  who  first  brought  the  potato  to  Europe 
from  America.  We  knew  from  history  that  Fre- 
derick the  Great  had  to  compel  his  people  to  plant 
it  before  he  could  get  it  into  much  use.  Did  Sir 
Francis  or  Sir  Walter  introduce  the  sweet  potato, 
or  the  common  Irish?  In  Virginia,  when  Sir 
Walter  first  visited,  they  cultivated  the  sweet 
potato  only  to  any  great  extent. 

W.  W.  M. 

Frankfort-on-the-Main. 

[Notwithstanding  the  whimsical  objection  to  potatoes 
urged  by  the  Puritans,  who  denied  the  lawfulness  of 
eating  them    because  they   are  not  mentioned  in  the 


Bible,  this  vegetable  must  ever  be  ranked  among  the  best 
gifts  of  Providence.  The  introduction  of  the  potato  into 
England  may  be  thus  succinctly  stated.  It  first  entered 
Europe  by  two  different  routes.  It  was  introduced  from 
Peru  to  Old  Spain,  and  thence  made  its  way  to  Italy  and 
Germany,  where  special  laws  were  enacted  to  compel  the 
cultivator  of  the  soil  to  grow,  at  least,  a  certain  annual 
quantity. 

Some  authors  have  asserted  that  Sir  Francis  Drake  first 
discovered  the  potato  in  the  South  Seas  ;  and  others  that 
it  was  introduced  into  England  by  Sir  John  Hawkins, 
A.D.  1563.  But  the  plant  here  alluded  to  was  evidently 
the  sweet  potato  (Batatcfs),  which  was  used  in  England 
as  a  delicacy  long  before  the  introduction  of  our  potato 
(the  Solatium  tuberosum).  The  sweet  potato  was  imported 
in  considerable  quantities  from  Spain  and  the  Canaries, 
and  was  not  considered  ami^  in  restoring  decaj'ed  vigour. 
The  kissing-comfits  mentioned  "by  Shakspeare,  Webster, 
and  Massinger,  were  principally  made  of  these  and  Eringo 
roots.  At  length  the  Virginian  potato  (the  Solarium) 
both  became  a  substitute  for  it  and  appropriated  its 
name. 

In  1584  Queen  Elizabeth  granted  a  patent  "  for  dis- 
covering and  planting  new  countries  not  possessed  by 
Christians,"  and  under  this  sanction  some  ships,  prin- 
cipally equipped  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  sailed  to  America. 
In  1585  the  first  body  of  colonists  landed,  under  the  go- 
vernment of  Mr.  Lane,  in  Virginia,  so  called  in  honour  of 
the  virgin  queen.  Harriott,  a  celebrated  mathematician 
of  the  day,  went  out  to  survey  the  colony ;  his  survey 
and  report,  and  the  introduction  of  the  potato  and  the 
tobacco-plant  into  England  for  the  first  time,  were  al- 
most the  only  fruits  of  this  attempt.  The  misconduct  of 
the  colonists  brought  the  hostility  of  the  Indians  upon 
them ;  and  they  were  glad  to  re-embark  within  a  year  on 
board  a  vessel  of  Sir  Francis  Drake,  who  was  returning 
from  an  expedition  against  the  Spaniards  in  North  Ame- 
rica, and  had  been  commanded  by  the  Queen  to  visit  this 
plantation  in  his  way,  and  see  what  encouragement  or 
assistance  they  wanted.  In  Drake's  ship  was  most  pro- 
bably brought  home  our  potato,  since  in  Harriott's  report 
of  the  country',  printed  in  De  Br\''s  Collection  of  Voyages, 
he  describes  (vol.  i.  p.  17)  under  the  article  "  Eoot,"  a 
plant  called  openawk,  which  is  considered  identical  with 
the  potato.  Gerard,  in  his  Herbal,  mentions  that  he  had 
the  plant  from  Virginia  ;  that  he  had  grown  seedlings  of 
it  in  1590  ;  that  it  grew  admirably  in  his  garden,  and 
recommends  the  rpot  as  a  delicate  dish,  but  not  as  a 
common  food. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  receive  from  our  correspondent  any 
additional  particulars  of  the  monument  to  Sir  Francis 
Drake  now  at  Offenburgh.] 

OxFOBD  Version  of  Boetius,  1674,  12mo. — 
Is  it  known  who  executed  this  remarkable  ver- 
sion ?  As  it  is  not  noticed  in  Lowndes,  I  may 
give  the  full  title  — 

"  SujiMUM  BoNUM,  or  An  Explication  of  the  Divine 
Goodness,  in  the  words  of  the  most  renowned  Boetius. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67, 


Translated  bv  a  Lover  of  Truth  and  Virtue.     Oxford  : 
Printed  by  H.  HaU  for  Eic.  Davis,  1674." 

The  advertisement  to  the  reader  contains  a  letter 
from  "  my  ever  honoured  dear  friend  Mr.  Henry 
Hallywel.'"  The  translator  was  evidently  a  de- 
vout mystic  of  the  school  of  Dr.  Henry  More. 
He  gives  a  poetic  address  "  To  the  Reader/"  aud 
signs  it  "  P.  G./'  which  may  furnish  a  clue  to  his 
name.  At  the  end  he  appends  two  poems  entitled 
respectively  "H2TXIA"  and  ''Divine  Solitude," 
which  are  quite  in  the  style  of  the  "  Devotional 
Hymn"  translated  into  English  from  the  Dutch 
of  Adam  Boreel,  ''  by  a  Lover  of  the  Life  of  our 
Lord  Jesus,"  and  appended  to  Glanvil's  Lux  Orien- 
talis,  London,  1682.  1  should  mention  that  this 
anonymous  version  does  not  include  the  fifth  book 

of  Boetius.  .  ElEIONNACH. 

[Dr.  Bliss  possessed  a  copy  of  this  scarce  work.  The 
date  given  in  his  catalogue  (Second  Portion,  No.  382)  is 
that  of  1664.  The  initials  P.  G.  he  conjectured  were  in- 
tended for  Bishop  Peter  Gunning ;  but  this  we  much 
doubt.  The  translator,  by  a  strange  anachronism,  makes 
Boetius  in  his  verses  speak  of  Peru  and  America.'] 

Clocks  stopped  on  a  Death. — Whence  arises 
the  custom  of  stopping  clocks  in  rooms  in  which 
dead  persons  lie  ?  Is  it  a  relic  of  some  supersti- 
tion, and  if  so,  what  is  its  meaning?  or  is  it 
simply  intended  to  denote  respect  for  the  dead  by 
causing  the  profoimdest  possible  silence  ? 

George  Packer. 

[  Some  of  our  venerable  nurses  assure  us  that  it  is  not 
an  uncommon  occurrence  for  clocks  spontaneously  to  stop 
at  the  decease  of  an  individual,  as  did  that  of  the  House 
of  Lords  at  the  death  of  George  IIL  See  "  N.  &  Q."  S^-i 
S.  vi.  27,  446,  519.] 

Baeon  MacGillicot. — Is  there  one  of  your 
readers  who  knows  anything  of  the  Baron  Mac- 
Gillicot ?  He  married  the  Dowager  Countess  of 
Wigton  in  1748,  and  is  one  of  the  draynatis  per- 
sonce  in  the  great  Douglas  cause.  Was  his  name 
originally  McGillicuddy,  and  in  particular  what 
was  his  relationship  to  Sir  Ulic  MacKillicut,  the 
Bath  suitor  of  my  well-known  connexion  nee 
Miss  Tabitha  Bramble  ?  0.  Lismahag6. 

[Eupheme,  daughter  of  Sir  George  Lockhart  of  Carn- 
wath,  widow  of  John,  sixth  Earl  of  Wigton,  married 
Peter  MacElligot,  major-general  in  the  service  of  Maria 
Theresa.  Her  brother,  Count  Lockhart,  was  a  distin- 
guished officer  in  the  same  service,  but  neither  she  nor 
her  husband  had  anything  to  do  with  the  Douglas  cause.] 

Medical  Treatment  in  the  Middle  Ages. — 
I  shall  be  obliged  by  information  as  to  which  are 
the  standard  works  on  the  condition  of  medical 
science,  and  the  treatment  of  diseases,  during  the 
middle  ages  in  England.  W.  H.  S.  A. 

[References  to  standard  works  relating  to  the  medical 
science  during  the  middle  ages  will  be  found  in  Sir  Alex- 


ander Croke's  valuable  Introduction  to  the  Regimen  Sani- 
tatis  Salernitanum,  published  at  Oxford  in  1830.  Consult 
also  the  Encyclopcedia  Metropolitana,  v.  829 ;  and  the 
EncyclopcBdia  Britannica.  eighth  edition,  xx.  816.] 


HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT. 
(S-^i  S.  xi.  131,  156.) 

Every  historical  reader  must  feel  grateful  to 
Mr.  Thoms  for  his  able  commentary  upon  the 
myth  of  Prince  George's  marriage  with  ''  Hannah 
Kegina."  It  adds  strong  confirmation  to  my  own 
belief  that  the  entire  fiction  was  wrought  out, 
with  some  ingenuity  and  with  great  pertinacity, 
by  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres ;  her  groundwork  having 
probably  been,  as  your  correspondent  Me.  Htde 
Clarke  suggests  at  p.  166  of  this  volume,  some 
exploded  vulgar  rumour  or  street  ballad  which 
appears  to  have  been  popular  at  the  end  of  last 
century,  when  Mrs.  Serres  was  thirty  years  old, 
and  was  probably  an  active  pen  woman,  her  first 
acknowledged  work.  The  Life  of  the  Author  of 
the  Letters  of  Junius,  having  been  published  in 
1813.  I  think  that  a  copy  of  What !  xvhat !  d'  ye 
call  him,  Sir,  and  the  Button-maker'' s  Daughter^ 
would  interest  many  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  One 
of  two  conclusions  must,  I  think,  be  clear  in  the 
minds  of  all  who  have  investigated  the  subject — 
either  (1)  that  Mrs.  Serres  wrote  the  accounts  of 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  which  appeared  most  oppor- 
tunely in  the  Monthly  Magazine  in  1821  and  1822 ; 
her  acknowledged  petition  to  the  Crown,  with  a 
view  to  establish  her  legitimacy  as  daughter  of 
Henry  Frederick,  Duke  of  Cumberland,  having 
been  presented  in  1819 ;  and  her  ''  Statement  to 
the  English  Nation,"  including  certificates  and 
confirmations  of  the  Princess  Olive's  royal  parents' 
Marriage,  and  her  Birth,"  having  been  published 
in  1822.  Further,  that  she  was  the  author  of 
An  Historical  Fragment  relative  to  her  late  3Iqjesty 
Queen  Caroline,  wliich  appeared  in  1824 ;  and  that 
the  two  works  (or  rather  the  two  editions  of  the 
same  work),  the  Authentic  Records  of  the  Court  of 
England,  and  The  Secret  History  of  the  Court  of 
England,  came  from  the  same  active  and  un- 
scrupulous pen ;  or  that  (2)  Mrs.  Serres  was  in 
direct  communication  with  the  writers  of  all  these 
works,  who  reproduced  her  statements  in  her  own 
words. 

Let  us  compare  the  following  quotations :  — 

"  The  Life  of  the  Author  of  the  Letters  of  Junius,  the 
Rev.  James  Wilmot,  D.D.,  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Oxford ;  Rector  of  Barton-on-the-Heath  and  Aulcester, 
Warwickshire,  and  one  of  His  Majesty's  Justices  of  the 
Peace  for  the  County  ....  by  his  Niece,  Olivia  Wilmot 
Serres." 

"  Dr.  Wilmot  lived  in  habits  of  friendship  and  con- 
fidence with  some  of  the  most  distinguished  characters  of 


S'-d  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


197 


the  age.  Among  them  were  Mr.  Grenville,  Lords  North- 
ington,  Shelburne,  and  Sackville,  together  with  the  cele- 
brated Mr.  Wilkes,  Mr.  Thurlow,  and  Mr.  Dunning.  The 
late  Bishop  of  Worcester,  Lords  Plymouth,  Archer, 
Sondes,  Bathurst,  Grosvenor,  Craven,  and  Abington  were 
on  terms  of  intimacy  with  him,  more  particularh'  the 
three  first-named  noblemen.  He  was  well-acquainted 
with  many  members  of  the  Administration  from  1766  to 
1773  ;  and  there  is  no  question  but  his  political  informa- 
tion was  derived  from  these  sources. 

Then  take  tlie  expressions  used  in  the  Secret 
History  of  the  Court  of  England  published  nine- 
teen years  later  (page  48)  :  — 

"  Numerous  disquisitions  have  been  written  to  prove 
the  identity  of  Junius  ;  but,  in  spite  of  many  arguments 
to  the  contrarj',  we  recognise  him  in  the  person  of  the 
Eev.  James  Wilmot,  D.D.,  Eector  of  Barton-on-the- 
Heath,  and  Aulcester,  Warwickshire,  and  one  of  his 
Majesty's  justices  of  the  peace  for  that  county. 

"  Dr.  W'ilmot  was  bom  in  1720,  and  during  his  stay  at 
the  University  became  intimatelj'  acquainted  with  Dr. 
Johnson,  Lord  Archer,  and  Lord  Plymouth,  as  well  as 
Lord  North,  who  was  then  entered  at  Trinity  College. 
From  these  gentlemen  the  Doctor  imbibed  his  political 
opinions,  and  was  introduced  to  the  first  society  in  the 
kingdom." 

We  have,  theu^  a  facsimile  of  what  most  readers 
will  accept  as  a  genuine  Serres  document :  — 

"  I  have  this  day  completed  my  last  letter  of 
Ju — s,  and  sent  the  same  to  L — d  S — ne.  J.  W — . 
March  17,  1772." 

I  regard  it  as  almost  a  matter  of  certainty  that 
these  two  sets  of  passages  were  written  by  the 
same  person ;  and  who  but  Mrs.  Serres  would 
describe  Dr.  Wilmot  in  the  terms  made  use  of  in 
the  second  quotation  ? 

I  have  just  finished  a  very  careful  perusal  of  the 
Secret  History  of  the  Court  of  Enyland,  published 
in  1832.  The  Lightfoot  scandal  forms  an  integral 
part  of  the  whole  scheme  of  the  work,  which  is 
evidently  written  from  beginning  to  end  by  the 
same  hand.  It  may  be  well  to  mention  that  the 
correctness  of  Mr.  Jesse's  impression,  that  the 
Authentic  Records  and  the  Secret  History  were 
written  by  different  persons,  is  positively  disproved 
by  more  than  one  statement  in  the  latter  work. 
We  are  told  at  page  156  that  — 

"  In  a  former  work  of  ours,  called  The  Authentic  Re- 
cords of  the  Court  of  England,  we  gave  an  account  of  the 
extraordinary  and  mysterious  murder  of  one  Sellis,  a 
servant  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  which  occurred  this 
year.  In  that  account  we  did  what  we  conceived  to  be 
our  duty  as  historians — we  spoke  the  truth  !  The  truth, 
however,  it  appears,  is  not  always  to  be  spoken,  for  his 
Eo3'al  Highness  instantlj^  commenced  a  persecMi«o/i  against 
us  "for  a  '  malicious  libel.'  " 

Again,  at  page  196 :  — 

"  In  this  character  only  did  we  publish  what  we  be- 
lieved, and  still  believe,  to  be  the  truth,  in  our  former  work 
of  The  Authentic  Records,  and  which  we  have  consider- 
ably enlarged  upon  in  our  present  undertaking." 

The  Historical  Fragment  quoted  hj  Mk.  Thoms 
at  p.  110,  and  the  Secrd,  History,  are,  I  believe, 


our   only   "  authorities "   for   the  statement  that 

Queen  Caroline  was  acquainted  with  the  "  fact  " 

of  George   the   Third's   marriage   with   the   fair 

Quaker. 

.     The   statements   stand  as  follows  in   the   two 

works.     In  the  Historiccd  Fragment  we  are  told — 

"  The  Queen  "  [Caroline]  "  at  this  time  laboured  under 
a  very  curious,  and  to  me  unaccountable,  species  of 
delusion.  She  fancies  herself  in  reality  neither  a  queen 
nor  a  wife.  She  believed  his  present  Majesty  to  have 
been  actually  married  to  Mrs.  Fitzherbert;  and  she  as 
fully  believed  that  his  late  Majesty  George  the  Third 
was  married  to  Miss  Hannah  Lightfoot,  the  beautiful 
Quakeress,  previous  to  his  marriage  with  Queen  Char- 
lotte ;  that  a  marriage  was,  a  second  time,  solemnized  at 
Kew  (under  the  colour  of  an  evening  entertainment) 
after  the  death  of  Miss  Lightfoot ;  and  as  that  lady  did 
not  die  till  after  the  births  of  the  present  King  and  his 
Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  York,  her  Majesty  really 
considered  the  Duke  of  Clarence  the  true  heir  to  the 
throne." 

All  this  may  be  gathered,  piecemeal,  from  the 
Secret  History. 

In  a  letter,  stated  by  this  slanderer,  at  page  228, 
to  have  been  addressed  by  Queen  Caroline  to  her 
husband,  we  have  the  words  — 

"  To  you  it  is  well  known  that  the  good  King,  j'our 
father,  has  invariably  treated  me  with  the  most  profound 
respect  and  proper  attention;  and  his  Majesty  would  have 
done  me  more  essential  service  long  since,  had  it  not  been 
for  the  oath  he  gave  to  Lord  Chatham,  to  preserve  from 
all  public  investigation  the  connexion  formed  in  1759 
with  the  Quakeress." 

At  p.  83  :  — 

"  In  the  early  part  of  this  year  "  [1786],  "the  Prince 
ivas  married  to  Mrs.  Fitzherbert."     .     .     . 

"  The  Queen  insisted  on  being  told  if  the  news  of  his  mar- 
riage were  correct.  '  Yes,  Madam,'  replied  he  ;  '  and  not 
any  force  under  heaven  shall  separate  us.  If  his  Majesty 
had  been  as  firm  in  acknowledging  his  marriage,  he  might 
now  have  enjoyed  life,  instead  of  being  a  misanthrope  as 
he  is.' " 

At  page  107  we  have,  in  a  copy  of  a  letter  written 
to  the  Princess  Caroline  of  Brunswick,  by  George 
Prince  of  Wales,  171)4,  the  following  words :  — 

"  Learn,  then,  the  secret  and  unhappy  situation  of  the 
prince  whom  they  wish  you  to  espouse.  I  cannot  love 
you  ;  I  cannot  make  you  happy ;  my  heart  has  long 
ceased  to  be  free.  She  who  possesses  it  is  the  only  woman 
to  whom  I  could  unite  myself  agreeably  to  my  inclina- 
tions," &c. 

It  is  pretended  that  George  the  Third  wrote  at 
the  same  time  to  the  Princess  Caroline,  and  to 
her  mother  the  Duchess  of  Brunswick.  In  the 
former  forgery  he  is  made  to  say  — 

"  I  have  explained  to  my  sister  the  probable  difficulties 
which  my  son  George  may  mention  ;  but  they  must  not 
have  any  weight  in  your  mind  and  conclusions." 

In  the  latter  — 

"  He  may  please  to  plead  that  he  is  already  married  ; 
and  I  fear  he  will  resort  to  any  measures  rather  than  an 
honorable  marriage." 


198 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S"-*  S.  XI.  March  9,  67. 


At  page  37  -we  read  — 

"Earlv  in  the  year  1765  the  Queen  was  pressinglv 
anxious  'that  her  marriage  with  the  King  should  again 
be  solemnised ;  and,  as  the  Queen  was  then  pregnant,  his 
JIajesty  readily  acquiesced  in  her  wishes.  Dr.  Wilmot, 
bv  his"  Majesty's  appointment,  performed  the  ceremony 
at  their  palace  at  Kew.  The  King's  brother,  Edward, 
was  present  upon  this  occasion  also,  as  he  had  been  on  the 
two  former  ones." 

I  believe  that  henceforward  tlie  name  of  Hannah 
Lightfoot  will  cease  to  have  any  place  in  the  secret 
tistorv  of  England ;  but  I  trust  that  the  editor  of 
*'  N.  &  Q."'  will  not  allow  the  inquiry  to  be  closed 
until  every  statement  regarding  this  mythical  per- 
sonage shall  have  been  thoroughly  sifted.  I  have 
again  gone  over  the  statements  which  appeared  in 
the  First  and  Second  Series  of  "  N.  &  Q."  The 
only  assertions  which  still  appear  to  need  can- 
vassing are  those  made  by  E.  D.  (1**  S.  x.  430), 
and  by  Me.  G.  Stei:s-3iax  SiEUfMAN  (2'"'  S.  i. 
322).  'These  are  confirmatory  of  the  statement 
made  in  the  letter  signed  "An  Inquirer,"  3Io7ithhj 
Magazine,  Oct.  1821,  cited  by  Me.  Thoms  at  pages 
90,  91  of  your  current  volume,  to  the  effect  that 
Dr.  James  Dalton,  of  the  Madras  Medical  Service, 
married  a  daughter  of  Hannah  Lightfoot  by  the 
King,  and  had  by  her  a  daughter,  Caroline  Au- 
gusta, who  was,  in  1854,  the  wife  of  Daniel  Pry- 
therch,  Esq.,  of  Abergoh,  Caermarthen,  who  has 
liad  by  her  no  less  than  fourteen  children.  After 
the  manner  of  all  these  evidences, ''  Inquirer  "  of 
1821  and  E.  D.  of  1854  are  quite  irreconcilable  on 
the  subject  of  Dr.  Dalton's  family.  The  former 
tells  us  that  he  had  "  several  accomplished  daugh- 
ters, who,  with  the  father,  are  coming  to  Eng- 
land ;  these  daughters  are  secluded  from  society 
like  nuns,  but  no  pains  spared  in  their  education." 
It  is  distinctly  stated  that  the  mother  was  then 
dead.  The  other  authority  states  that  Dr.  Dalton 
left  "  by  this  lady  four  children  :  Heniy  Augustus, 
of  the  Royals,  or  1st  Foot  Regiment ;  Hawkins 
Augustus,  of  the  Royal  Navy ;  Charlotte  Augusta 
(all  three  of  whom  "died  a  few  j-ears  afterwards) ; 
and  Caroline  Augusta."  It  rather  singularly  oc- 
curred that,  a  few  weeks  since,  I  sent  a  paper 
relating  to  Hannah  Lightfoot  to  the  late  venerable 
JoHX  D'Altos"  of  Dublin.  Writing  to  me  on  the 
10th  of  January  last,  only  ten  days  previous  to 
Lis  decease,  he  used  the  following  striking  ex- 
pressions :  — 

"  I  may  say  briefly,  for  indeed  I  have  not  strength  to 
meander  far  over  a  sheet  of  paper,  that  concerning  the 
Princess  Olive  of  Cumberland  has  been,  for  years  by- 
gone, put  forth  to  the  public  on  vouchers  and  stilts  that 
have  broken  down  in  the  sand,  and  I  would  say  it  was 
well  such  a  superstructure  failed.  1  confess  that  I  have 
little  regard  for  romantic  schemes  that  seek  to  set  aside 
the  succession  of  such  sovereigns  as  the  late  William  the 
Fourth,  and  our  own  best  Queen  that  ever  wielded  the 
sceptre  of  England." 

I  had  then  forgotten  the  name  of  Dr.  Dalton ; 
but  I  think  that,  had  the  above  story  not  also  laeen 


I  a  myth,  the  great  genealogist  of  his  own  name 
I  would  not  thus  have  noticed  a  pamphlet  entitled 
I  The   "  Pi-incess    Olive   of    Cumberland,''^    Hannah 
I  Lightfoot,  and  the  Author  of  the  Letters  of  Junius. 
I      Xow  that  a  clear  light  is  being  thrown  upon 
the  source  of  much  of  the  scandalous  literature 
which  imposed  upon  violent  politicians  and  plain 
readers  between  the  years  1813  and  1832,  it  might 
perhaps  be  well  that  the  whole  evidence  in  the 
miserable    Sellis   case   should  be  dispassionately 
reviewed.     To  myself,  as  a  surgeon,  the  declara- 
tion of  Sir  Everard  Home,  cited  at  page  181  of  the 
I  Secret   History,  is  perfectly  convincing  as   proof 
j  that  the  Duke  was  innocent  of  the  crime  mali- 
I  ciously  imputed  to  him.  Caxcuitexsis. 


PEWS. 


(2,^^  S.  xi.  46,  107.) 

In  answer  to  J.  C.  J.,  I  beg  leave  to  say  that 
there  is  no  proof  whatever  of  our  churches  having 
been  seated  in  the  thirteenth  or  fourteenth  cen- 
turies. No  remains  of  such  seats  exist,  nor  is 
there  any  documentary  evidence  in  proof  of  their 
having  existed.  In  the  fifteenth  century  the  case 
was  but  partial,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  of  the 
generality  of  churches  not  having  seats  of  even 
this  later  date ;  and,  in  spite  of  the  mutations  to 
which  they  may  have  been  subjected,  it  is  not 
likely  that  in  any  case  they  would  have  disap- 
peared entirely  where  they  had  been.  Nor  is 
there  anything  remarkable  in  the  fact  of  churches 
in  olden  time  not  being  seated.  The  service  of  the 
Mass  did  not  necessitate,  either  in  its  nature  or 
length  of  duration,  that  people  should  sit,  and 
preaching  was  not  in  fashion.  A  great  many  Italian 
churches,  though  used  for  service  for  hundreds  of 
years,  have,  like  our  cathedrals,  never  been  seated 
to  the  present  day.  Seats  were  consequent  on 
the  introduction  of  preaching.  All  old  church 
pulpits,  like  the  old  seats,  are  marked  with  the 
style  of  the  fifteenth  century.  The  style  first 
came  into  vogue  in  the  reign  of  Richard  II. ;  and 
at  this  time  it  would  appear  that,  from  the  labours 
of  Wyclifi'e  and  the  dawning  influence  of  the  print- 
ing-press, men's  minds  were  unusually  stirred, 
the  leaven  of  the  Reformation  was  rapidly  ^corking, 
and  the  priests  saw  the  necessity  of  more  positive 
teaching.  Pulpits  were  introduced,  and  preaching 
assumed  an  importance  it  had  not  previously  held. 
The  service  now  being  prolonged,  individual 
parishioners  in  some  ca^es  erected  single  seats  for 
their  families  ;  in  other  cases  we  find  more  liberal- 
minded  or  richer  people  seated  the  whole  church. 
Consideration  towards  the  women  appears  to  have 
set  the  example,  as  they  are  so  often  named  in 
old  accounts  in  relation  to  church  seats,  as,  for  in- 
stance, in  an  early  statute  of  Henry  VII.  _:  "What 
woman  that  will  take   a  stallroome  within  the 


3ri s.  XI.  maech  9, '67.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


199 


diurche,  sliall  liave  it  whilst   she  lives  if  shee 
dwell  in  the  parish." 

When  the  Reformation  was  accomplished, 
preaching  rose  high  in  estimation.  It  was  such 
an  enjoyment  for  men  to  speak  freely  and  hear 
safely,  that  sermons  were  measured  by  the  hour ; 
people  seemed  as  though  they  could  not  tire  of 
them  ;  and,  as  might  be  expected,  we  find  a  great 
number  of  pulpits  of  this  date  remaining,  and  their 
accompanying  high  and  enclosed  pews.  As  the 
churches  were  not  warmed  at  this  time,  and  the 
length  of  service  so  inordinately  great,  the  doors 
and  high  framing  were  necessary  as  a  protection 
from  cold.  I  am  quite  aware  that  in  cathedral 
and  collegiate  churches  there  were  stall  seats  in 
the  choir  as  early  as  the  thirteenth  century;  but, 
as  the  laity  were  not  admitted  there,  it  is  apart 
from  the  argument.  There  were  also  pulpits  or 
reading-places  in  monastic  refectories  as  early  as 
the  thirteenth  century,  but  not  in  churches. 

With  regard  to  the  number  of  ancient  seats 
which  still  exist.  Though,  as  J.  C.  J.  says,  there 
are  numbers,  yet  relatively  to  the  whole  number 
of  churches  those  which  have  ancient  seats  are 
much  in  the  minority.  I  have  visited  a  great 
number,  and  such  is  my  experience.  On  consult- 
ing also  a  list  of  sixty-three  churches  described  in 
Brandon's  Parish  Churches,  only  twenty  are  stated 
to  have  old  seats.  P.  E.  M. 


There  can  be  no  doubt  that  there  were  benches 
for  the  people  to  sit  upon  in  many  parish  churches 
in  times  previous  to  the  Reformation.  If  it  were 
necessary,  the  fact  might  be  proved  beyond  dis- 
pute, both  from  churchwardens'  accounts  and  by 
still  existing  examples.  I  believe,  however,  that 
they  were  by  no  means  universal  even  in  latter 
times,  and  that  they  were  very  exceptional  in 
early  days.  Have  we  evidence  that  they  were 
in  use  before  the  fifteenth  century?  Mirk's 
poem  on  the  duties  of  a  parish  priest  (circa  1420), 
which  I  am  about  to  edit  for  the  Early  English 
Text  Society,  contains  the  following  passage, 
which  seems  to  prove  that  benches  for  lay  folks 
were  not  among  the  recognised  articles  of  church- 
furniture  at  the  time  he  wrote  :— 

"  3et  l^ow  moste  tecbe  liem  mare, 
j5at  whenne  \>ey  to  chyrclie  fare, 


No  non  in  chyrche  stond  sclial, 

Ny  lene  to  pyler  ny  to  wal. 

But  fayre  on  kneus  )jey  schule  hem  sette 

Knelynge  doun  vp  on 'the  flette." 

Edward  Peacock. 
Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 


PRINTED  GRANTS  OF  ARMS. 
(S'-i  S.  vi.  12G,  19S.) 
A  few  printed  grants  of  arms  have  at  my  sug- 
gestion been  noted  in  "  N.  &  Q."     I  now  send  a 
list  wliich  will,  I  hope,  almost  complete  the  col- 
lection : — 

Allenson,    William,    May   20,    1635.— Surtees    Society, 

xli.  0-2. 
Archer,  Henrv,  April  2,  1575.— Kent's  Banner  Display'd, 

p.  lOG. 
Bennett,  John,  December  G,  1560.— jMiscellanea  Genea- 

logica  et  Heraldica,  p.  48. 
Barbers  and  Surgeons'  Company,  September  29,  30  Hen. 

VI. — Miscellanea  Genealogica  et  Heraldica,  p.  11. 
Biu-dett,  Francis,  November  20,  1599. — Surtees  Society, 

xli.  44. 

Baynes,  Adam,  August  10, 1650. — Surtees  Society,  xli.  54. 

Bordeu,  Arnold  de  and  Grimond  de,  March  28, 1444. — 

Rj'mer,  v.  i^l ;    Lawrence's  Nobility  of  the  British 

Gentry,  p.  8. 

Barrow,"  Richard,  October  22,  1496. — Surtees  Society, 

xli.  38. 
Bangor,  John,  November  18,  35  Heu.  VI. — Miscellanea 

Genealogica  et  Heraldica,  p.  54. 
Crofts,   Christopher,    June    7,    1649. — Surtees    Societj', 

xli.  52. 
Criketol,  William,  May  or  June,  1410.— Camden's  Re- 
mains, p.  224. 
Cloughe,  Edmond,  June  26, 1612. — Surtees  Society,  xli.  46. 
Cloos,  Nicholas,  1448-9. — Herald  and  Genealogist,  i.  135. 
Dodge,  Peter,  April  8,  IZd&.—Ibid.  i.  515. 
Dylke,  Richard,  June  10, 1574. — Miscellanea  Genealogica 

'et  Heraldica,  p.  9. 
Dodsworth,  John,  June  2,  1610.— Surtees  Society,  xli.  46. 
Eton  College,  January  1, 1449. — Excevpta  Historica,  p.  47, 
Fi-ankland,  Hugh,  November  8,  1566. — Surtees  Society, 

xli.  41. 
Ferrand,  William,  March  20,  n^&.—lhid.  xli.  42. 
Flemyng,  John,  November  25, 1571. — Miscellanea  Gene- 
alogica et  Heraldica,  p.  1. 
Ffaryngton,  William,  December  16,  1560. — Ibid.  p.  61. 
Founders'  Company,  October  13,  1590. — Ibid.  p.  103. 
Gretjorv,  William,  February  23,  1600.— Surtees  Society, 

xli.  45. 
Greville. — See  Warwick. 
Gunning,  George,  December  6,  1821. — Documents  of  the 

Gunning  Family,  p.  30. 
Harvey,  George,  December  3,  1603.— East  Anglian,  ii.  80. 
Hellard,    Peter,    December    10,  1470. — Surtees  Societv, 

xli.  38. 
Holbeche,  Thomas,  Januarv  14,  Ibm.—Ibid.  xli.  42. 
Harrison,  William,  November  1,  1609.— /6?c?.  xli.  46. 
Harrison,  John,  May  5,  Iblb.—Ihid.  xli.  41. 
Hoperton,  Adam,  August  28,  IG12.—Ihid.  xli.  47. 
Hall,  John,   June  27,  1599.— Visitation  of  Kent,  1619, 

edited  by  J.  J.  Howard,  p.  63. 
Ironmongers  of  London,  September  1,  1455. — Herald  and 

Genealogist,  i.  39. 
James,  Roger  and  John,  November  18, 1611. — Visitation  of 

Kent,  1619,  edited  by  J.  J.  Howard,  p.  2. 
Kej's,  Roger,  1448-9. — Herald  and  Genealogist,  i.  137. 
Kimpton,  William,   April  3,   1574. — Miscellanea   Gene- 
alogica et  Heraldica,  p.  46. 
King's  College,  Cambridge,  January'  1,  1450.— Excerpta 

Historica,  p.  362. 
Leechford,   Richard,   November    22,   1606.— Miscellanea 

Genealogica  et  Heraldica,  p.  54. 
Lister,  John,  November  12,  1613. — Surtees  Society,  xli. 
48. 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67 


Loudon,  Rohert,  February  10, 1664.-East  Anglian,  iv.  8. 
Lanibarde,  John,  July   15,   1552.— Visitation  of  Kent, 

1619,  edited  bv  J.  J.  Howard,  p.  53. 
Lawson,  Ealph,"  January  2,  1592,— Surtees  Society,  xli. 

Maddison,  Lvonell,  June  5, 163a.— Ibid.  xli.  50. 

Moigne,  William,  November  22,  1391.— Camden  Society, 

No.  43,  p.  16. 
,]VIicklethwavt,  Elias,  November  6, 1626.— Surtees  Society, 
'.    xxxvi.  280. 
Morle,  Robert  de,  January  6, 1349.— Camden's  Remains, 

p.  222. 
Markes,  Richard,  May  10,  1560.— Surtees  Society,  xli. 

40. 
Manning,  George  and  Henry,  April  20,  15/7.— Visitation 

of  Kent,  1619,  edited  by  J.  J.  Howard,  p.  82. 
Morgne,  William,  November  22,  1391.  — Camden's  Re- 
mains, p.  222. 
Mattok,  Nicholas,   July  23,  1494.— Lawrence's  Nobility 

of  the  British  Gentry,  p.  9. 
Metcalfe,  Matthew,  September  29, 1581.— Surtees  Society, 

xli.  41. 
Maddison,  Lyonell,   and  bis  brothers,  June   5,  1635. — 

Visitation  of  Durham,  1575,  edited  by  N.  J.  Philipson, 

p.  61. 
Master,  James,  May  2,  1608.— Visitation  of  Kent,  1619, 

edited  by  J.  J.  Howard,  p.  44. 
Oxenden,  John,  February  6,  IMS.— Ibid.  p.  88. 
Osborne,  John,  Mav  3,  1573. — Ibid.  p.  33, 
Peshale,  Richard,  1436.— Camden's  Remains,  p.  223. 
Peirse,  John  and  Richard,  December  19,  1634.  — Surtees 

Society,  xli.  49. 
Pennyman,  James,  Mav  10,  1599. — Ibid.  xli.  44. 
Richardson,  John,  September  18,  1615.— Ibid.  xli.  48. 
Robinson,  William,  February  20,  163i.— Ibid.  xli.  49. 
Richardson,  Edward,  March  20,  1649.— /6j" J.  xli.  52. 
Readhead,  Robert,  Mav  10,  1598.— Ibid.  xli.  43. 
Stansfield,  Richard,  April  8,  1546.— Kent's  Banner  Dis- 

play'd,  p.  674. 
Suthaby,  Robert,  August  15, 1563.— Surtees  Societv,  xli. 

40. 
Stones,  Christopher,  October  26,  1666.— Ibid.  xli.  53. 
Shelleto,  Francis,  January  24,  1602. — Ibid.  xli.  45. 
Sainthill,  Peter,  July  28, 1546. — Gentleman's  Magazine, 

December,  1825,  p.  501. 
Scras,  Tuppin,  August  14,  1616. — Memoir  of  the  Family 

of  Scrase,  by  M.  A.  Lower,  p.  7. 
Shakespeare,  John,  October  20,  1596.— Herald  and  Gene- 
alogist, i.  510. 
Trowte,  Alan,  November  8,  1376.— Lower's  Curiosities  of 

Heraldrj-,  p.  315. 
Turbutt,  William,   March  20,   1628.  — Surtees    Societ3^ 

xli.  49. 
Thornton,  Robert,  October  4,  1563.— Ibid.  xli.  40. 
Tenaunt,  John,  April  1,  1613.— Ibid.  xli.  47. 
Taylor,  John,  April  12,  1635.— Ihid.  xli.  51. 
Tonge,  William,  and  his  brothers.    (No  date.)— Visitation 

of  Kent,  1619,  edited  by  J.  J.  Howard,  p.  66. 
Vincent,  Augustine,   January  1,   1621.— Memoir  of  A. 

Vincent  by  Sir  N.  H.  Nicolas,  p.  102. 
Willej',  John,  May  18,  1615.— Surtees  Societv,  xli.  48. 
Weld,  John,  April  10.  1552.— Miscellanea  Genealogica  et 

Heraldica,  p.  10. 
Watkinson,  Henrv,  October  16,  1664.— Surtees  Society, 

xli.  53.  "  •' 

Whitgreve,  Robert,  August   13,   1442.  —  Camden's   Re- 
mains, p.  221. 
Warwick,  Earl  of,  April  2,  1760.— Account  of  Family  of 

Greville,  p.  98. 
West,  William,  1535,— Surtees  Society,  xli.  39. 

Geokge  W.  Marshall. 


ERRORS  IN  PARISH  REGISTERS :  THE 
DALMAHOY  FAMILY. 

(S'-i  S.  xi.  8,  &c.) 

Several  notices  have  appeared  iu  recent  volumes 
of  "N.  &  Q."  regarding  this  family,  one  of  whom 
appears  to  have  been  the  second  husband  of  "  Ladj 
Elizabeth  Maxwell,  heiress  of  the  Earl  of  Dirle- 
ton,"  and  widow  of  the  second  Duke  of  Hamilton, 
mortally  wounded  at  "  Worcester  Fight,"  the 
"  crowning  mercy  "  which  dashed  to  the  ground 
for  eight  long  years  the  hopes  of  Charles  II.  This 
earldom,  in  the  surname  of  Maxivell,  has  an 
unfamiliar  sound.  It  does  not  appear  in  the 
attainted,  dormant,  or  extinct  Scottish  Peerage 
Lists  for  1798.  Will  Me.  luyrsG,  who  men- 
tioned (S'-i  S.  ix,  423)  that  it  expired  with  the 
Duchess's  father,  tell  something  more  about  it? 
It  must  have  been  contemporary,  or  very  nearly 
so,  with  the  harony  of  Dirletoun,  conferred  in 
1603  by  James  VI.  on  his  favourite,  Thomas 
Erskine,  afterwards  (in  1606)  created  Viscount 
Fenton,  and  finally,  in  1619,  Earl  of  Kellie — dig- 
nities which  we  have  lately  seen  disjoined  from 
the  ancient  earldom  of  Mar,  a  title  which  now 
subsists  completely  divested  of  the  broad  terri- 
tories in  Scotland  once  attached  to  it. 

F.  asks  for  descendants  of  the  Dalmahoy  family. 
The  surname  is  not  imknown  in  the  city  of  Edin- 
burgh, and  in  the  same  county  it  gives  name  to 
the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Morton,  which,  I  presume, 
once  belonged  to  the  family. 

Dalkeith,  the  "  Lion's  Den  "  of  the  famous  Mor- 
ton, passed  by  sale  early  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury from  his  successors  to  the  Buccleuch  family ; 
and  it  is  probable  that  Dalmahoy  did  not  become 
the  seat  of  Lord  Morton  till  after  that  transac- 
tion. As  for  the  baronetcy,  I  observe  in  an 
authoritative  list  of  the  Nova  Scotia  baronets,  and 
also  those  of  Great  Britain  connected  with  Scot- 
land for  the  year  1798,  no  baronet  of  the  name 
appears.  Therefore  the  last  two  baronets,  Sir 
Alexander  Dalmahoy  and  Sir  John  Hay  Dalma- 
hoy, who  are  said  to  have  died  in  1800,  have 
clearly  not  been  recognised  even  by  the  com- 
plaisant authorities  of  that  day,  which  is  rather 
singular,  if  the  baronetcy  ever  existed,  it  being 
well  known  that  not  a  few  bond  fide  Nova  Scotia 
baronetcies  have  been  assumed  by  persons  whose 
claims  were  of  the  most  shadowy  nature.  (Vide 
Nova  Scotia  Baronets,  1846,  by  the  late  W.  B.  D, 
D.  TurnbuU,  Esq.,  Advocate.) 

"  Sir  Bernard  Lyndsay,  brother  of  the  Earl  of 
Crawford,"  is  a  mythical  personage.  In  Lord 
■  Lindsay's  exhaustive  record  of  his  ancient  house 
and  its  numerous  cadets,  the  only  Lindsays  with 
the  above  Christian  name  are  a  father  and  son, 
who  figure  at  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  and 
beginning  of  the  seventeenth  centuries  ;  tlie  father 
as  *'  chamber-chield,"  or  groom  of  the  chamber, 


ZrA  S.  XL  March  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


201 


to  James  VI.  and  Charles  I. ;  the  son  as  official 
searcher  of  Leith  in  the  same  reigns,  but  neither 
of  them  a  knight.  Their  immediate  ancestor  was 
a  "  Thomas  Lindsay,  Snowdon  Herald,"  in  1571, 
but  his  relationship' to  the  main  stem  of  Crawfurd 
does  not  appear — certainly  not  that  of  a  brother. 
(See  Liveg  of  the  Lindsays,  2nd  edition,  vol.  i. 
319,  441.) 

With  every  wish  to  be  charitable,  I  fear  that  F.'s 
statements  as  to  the  "  last "  Dalmahoy  baronets, 
and  "  Sir  Bernard  Lyndsay,"  afford  fresh  ex- 
amples of  the  manner  in  which,  often  on  no  better 
authority  than  a  family  MS.  or  some  such  unsafe 
guide,  imaginary  honours  are  conferred  on  the 
obscure  links  of  a  irespectable  common-place  pedi- 
gree. Wheu  such  appear  in  print,  they  ought  not 
to  pass  unchalleno:ed.  Anglo-Scotus. 


JOHN   PENNYMAX. 
(B'^  S.  X.  511.) 


Some  account  of  this  singular  man  may  be  ac- 
ceptable. He  was  fourth  son  of  James  Pennyman, 
of  Ormesby  in  the  county  of  York,  Esq.,  and  was 
born  in  1628.  At  fifteen  years  of  age  he  became 
ensign  in  a  regiment  of  which  his  eldest  brother, 
Sir  James  Pennyman,  was  colonel ;  but  after  two 
years'  service,  he  with  two  of  his  brothers  was 
forced  to  go  beyond  sea  until  his  father  and 
eldest  brother  had  made  their  composition  and 
sent  for  them  to  return.  At  eighteen  years  of 
age  he  was  boimd  apprentice  to  Air.  Fabian,  a 
woollen-draper  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  and 
whilst  in  his  service,  in  1648,  upon  Iving  Charles 
beingbeheaded,  he  was  much  afflicted,  and  mourned 
for  the  king  for  two  years  after.  He  then  became 
a  member  of  Mr.  Teak's  church,  and  continued 
with  that  congregation  until  the  committal  of 
Mr.  Feak  as  prisoner  to  Windsor  Castle  for 
preaching  against  Cromwell. 

In  1658,  Mr.  Pennyman  joined  the  Quakers, 
but  soon  left  them,  alleging  that  they  set  up 
George  Fox  as  their  lord  and  lawgiver  instead  of 
the  Spirit  of  Christ.  In  1670  he  burned  at  the 
Exchange  several  of  the  Quakers'  books,  and  was 
committed  to  Bishopsgate  prison  by  Sir  Thomas 
Bloodworth  on  an  alleged  charge  of  having  burned 
the  Bible,  but  was  discharged  after  ten  days'  con- 
finement. In  1671  he  married  Mary  Boreman, 
widow,  a  daughter  of  Edmund  Heron,  a  gentle- 
man of  good  estate,  whose  great  gi-andfather  built 
Hackney  church.  Her  mother  was  a  daughter  of 
Justice  Wood,  of  Woodborough. 

Mrs.  Pennyman  died  in  1702,  at  the  age  of 
seventy,  and  a  collection  of  letters  and  papers 
written  by  her  (in  which  is  given  an  account  of 
her  preservation  in  the  great  plague  and  fire, 
1665  and  1666),  extending  to  forty-eight  pages,  is 


added  to  some  copies  of  the  Short  Account  of  the 
Life  of  Mr.  John  Pennyman. 

I  possess  a  copy  of  the  quarto  volume  in  the 
British  Museum  containing  a  similar  note,  and 
also  a  list  of  contents  in  the  handwriting  of  the 
author.  And  I  have  another  rare  volume  (Svo, 
1706,  pp.  246),  entitled  — 

"  An  Additional  Appendix  to  the  Book  of  Mr.  Penny- 
man's  Life,  being  a  Collection  of  some  more  of  his  Writ- 
ings," &c. 

This  latter  is  a  reprint  of  several  of  the  broad- 
sides and  papers  which  form  the  quarto  volume 
above-mentioned. 

Some  opinion  may  be  gleaned  of  the  character 
of  this  author  on  a  perusal  of  the  following  note 
prefixed  to  the  Additional  Appendix :  — 


"  It  is  my  request  to  the  reader  of  this  book  that  ^ 
he  meets  with  any  passages  that  are  of  a  mysterious  na- 
ture, he  will  be  very  cautious  of  giving  positive  interpre- 
tations of  them,  but  rather  to  let  them  alone  until  he  be 
instructed  therein  by  the  same  good  Spirit  by  which  they 
were  writ  or  spoke. — J.  P." 

Cato. 


EALEIGH  AT  HIS  PRISON  WINDOW. 
(S'-i  S.  xi.  55.) 

Two  years  before  the  date  of  the  Journal  de 
Paris  in  which  the  story  is  given,  there  appeared  a 
work  entitled  '■^Letters  of  Literature,  by  Robert 
Heron,  Esq.  London,  Svo,  1785."  This  volume 
was  the  performance  of  John  Pinkerton,  F.A.S., 
who  chose  to  assume  for  the  nonce  the  literary 
pseudonym  of  ''Heron,"  the  maiden  name,  I  be- 
lieve, of  his  mother.  In  Letter  xxxi.  p.  213,  this 
story  is  also  to  be  found,  and  as  it  had  so  recently 
appeared,  it  is  not  improbable  that  the  French. 
paper  borrowed  it  from  this  source.  As  it  will 
bear  telling  again,  and  is  not  very  long,  I  will 
transcribe  it  for  the  benefit  of  your  correspon- 
dent :  — 

"Sir  Walter  Ealegh,  when  confined  in  the  Tower, 
had  prepared  the  second  volume  of  his  immortal  history 
for  the  press.  He  was  standing  at  the  window  of  his 
apartment,  ruminating  on  the  office  of  an  historian,  and 
on  the  sacred  regard  which  he  ought  to  pay  to  truth, 
when  of  a  sudden  his  attention  was  excited  by  an  uproar  in 
the  court  into  which  his  prospect  was  directed.  He  saw 
one  man  strike  another,  whom  by  his  dress  he  judged  an 
officer,  and  who,  drawing  his  sword,  run  the  assailant 
through  the  body ;  who  did  not,  however,  fall  till  he  had 
knocked  down  the  officer  with  his  fist.  The  officer  was 
instantly  seized,  while  lying  senseless,  and  carried  awa}' 
by  the  servants  of  justice;  while  at  the  same  time  the 
body  of  the  man  he  had  murdered  was  borne  oif  by  some 
persons,  apparently  his  friends,  who  with  great  difficulty 
pierced  through  the  vast  crowd  that  was  now  gathered 
around. 

"  Next  day  an  acquaintance  of  Sir  Walter  called  upon 
him,  a  man  of  whose  severe  probity  and  honour  Sir  Walter 
was  convinced  from  innumerable  proofs,  and  rated  his  friend- 
ship accordingly.  Ralegh,  after  their  first  compliments, 
told  the  story  of  yesterday's  fray ;  which  had  impressed 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S"-"!  S.  XI.  Maucu  9,  '67. 


him  deeplv,  as  being  a  spectator  of  the  -whole  affair. 
What  ivas"  his  surprise  when  his  friend  told  him  that  he 
was  perl'ecth'  mistaken  in  his  Avhole  storj' !  that  his  offi- 
cer was  no  officer,  but  a  servant  of  a  foreign  ambassador  ; 
that  this  apparent  officer  ga^e  the  first  blow  ;  that  he  did 
not  draw  his  sword,  but  the  other  drew  it,  and  it  was 
wrested  out  of  his  hands,  but  not  tiU  after  he  had  run  its 
owner  through  the  body  with  it ;  that  after  this  a  foreigner 
in  the  mob  Icnocked  the  murderer  down,  in  order  that  he 
should  not  escape ;  that  some  foreigners  had  carried  off 
the  servant's  body  ;  and  that  orders  had  arrived  from 
court  for  the  murderer  to  be  tried  instantly,  and  no  favour 
shewn,  as  the  person  murdered  was  one  of  the  principal 
attendants  of  the  Spanish  ambassador.  'Sir,'  says  Ralegh, 
'  allow  me  to  say  that,  though  I  may  be  mistaken  as  to  the 
officersliip  of  the  murderer,  yet  I  know  of  a  certainty 
that  all  my  other  circumstances  are  strictly  true  :  because 
I  was  a  spectator  of  the  whole  transaction,  which  passed 
on  that  veiy  spot  opposite,  Vv-here  von  see  a  stone  of  the 
pavement  a  little  raised  above  the  rest.'  '  Sir  Walter,' 
says  the  friend, '  upon  that  ver}'  stone  did  I  stand  during 
the  whole  affair,  and  received  this  little  scratch  in  my 
cheek,  in  wresting  the  sword  out  of  the  fellow's  hand ; 
and,  as  I  shall  answer  to  God,  you  are  totalh'  mistaken  ! ' 
'  You  grow  warai,  mj'  friend,  let  us  talk  of  other  mat- 
ters,' said  Sir  Walter ;  and  after  some  other  conversation, 
his  friend  departed. 

"  Ralegh  took  up  the  manuscript  of  the  second  volume  of 
his  history,  then  just  completed :  '  How  man}'  falsehoods 
are  here  \'  said  he.  '  If  I  cannot  judge  of  the  truth  of  an 
event  that  passes  under  mj'  eyes,  how  shall  I  truly  nar- 
rate those  whicli  have  passed  thousands  of  years  before 
my  birth,  or  even  those  that  have  happened  since  my 
existence  ?  Truth,  I  sacrifice  to  thee  ! '  The  fire  was 
already  feeding  on  his  invaluable  work,  the  labour  of 
years  ;  and  he  calmly  sat  till  it  was  utterly  consumed, 
and  the  sable  ghost  of  the  last  leaf  flitted  up  the  chimney." 
WiLLiAK  Bates. 

Birmingham. 


Passage  in*  "Hamlet":  Wteth  the  Com- 
mentator (8"^  S.  xi.  37.)  —  I  have  been  out  of 
England,  and  have  only  just  seen  Mk.  Dixox's 
inquiry  respecting  Mr.  Wyeth's  proposed  reading 
in  Hamlet.  The  emendation  was  communicated 
to  me  in  1864  by  Dr.  Ingleby,  who  says,  "  This 
fine  reading  was  made  by  Mr!  H.  Wveth  of  Win- 
chester." I  am  able  to  fix  the  date  of  Dr.  In- 
gleby's  communication  by  the  fact  that  it  contained 
an  emendation  of  his  own  of  a  passage  in  Richard 
III.  Act  III.  Sc.  1, 176,  which  we  adopted  in  the 
Cambridge  edition  of  that  play,  published  in  1864. 
If  Mr.  Dixon^  knew  how  frequently  we  have  had 
to  give  up  what  we  thought  to  be  original  con- 
jectures, when  we  found  that  some  one  else  had 
the  ill  manners  to  make  them  a  hundred  years 
ago,  it  would  perhaps  be  some  consolation  to'him. 
W.  AxDis  Wright. 

Trin.  Coll.  Cambridge. 

Jacobite  Verses  {Py^  S.  xi.  153.)— E.  G.  will 
meet  with  the  dialogue  between  "  Jenny  and  her 
Mistress"  in  Dr.  Byrom's  Poems  (edit.  1773), 
vol.  i.  p.  173.  The  lines  originally  appeared  in 
the  Chester  Cotiratttoi  Isov.  10, 1747  j  from  whence 


they  were  transferred,  but  without  the  author's 
name  in  either  case,  to  Manchester  Vindicated 
(Chester,  1749,  12mo).  Chalmers  has  omitted 
them  in  his  edition  of  Byrom's  Poems  {English 
Poets,  vol.  XV.  1810,  8vo),  I  suppose,  to  use  his 
words,  "  as  offensively  tinctured  with  political 
prejudices."  If  so,  can  anything  be  more  truly 
absurd?  It  is  this  fashion  of  garbling  authors 
which  ha.s  so  much  reduced  the  value  of  Chal- 
mers's collection.  Jas.  Crosslet. 

The  verses  entitled  "  Jenny  and  her  Mistress " 
are  by  John  Byrom,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.R.S,,  Fellow 
of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  are  described 
by  him  "  A  Genuine  Dialogue  between  a  Gentle- 
woman of  Derby  and  her  Maid  Jennj-,  in  the 
beginning  of  December,  1745."  The  poem  is 
published  in  Dr.  Byrom's  Miscellaneous  Poems 
(vol.  i.  p.  172  et  seq.,  12mo),  Manchester,  1773. 
The  dialogue  possesses  some  of  the  best  features 
of  Byrom's  clear  and  epigrammatic  style,  and  his 
harmony  as  well  as  facility  of  versification  were 
unequalled.  The  Chetham  Society  have  done 
good  service  to  the  cause  of  letters  by  printing 
the  amusing  Diary  and  Correspondence  of  this 
excellent  man — the  only  great  poet  which  Man- 
chester has  produced  —  and  might  not  another 
edition  of  his  Poems  be  printed,  as  well  as  his 
Life  be  written  by  some  member  of  the  Society  ? 

M.  V. 

[  We  have  to  thank  many  other  friends  for  replying  to 
this  query. — Ed.  ] 

Grammar  Schools  (3'^'*  S.  xi.  137.) — The  ques- 
tion, as  here  put,  is  difficult  to  answer. 

De  Quincey  {Autohiocjraphic  Sketches,  ii.  264), 
says,  a  grammar-school  is  "  in  English  usage,"  a 
school  for  classical  literatui-e.  It  is  more  than 
that.  There  is  a  famous  judgment  of  Lord  Eldon, 
in  which  it  is  laid  down  that  no  school  is  a 
grammar-school,  or  entitled  to  endowments  as 
such,  unless  Greek  and  Latin  are  taught  in  it. 
But  this  of  course  applies  to  the  old  foundations 
of  the  country :  and  to  ask  how  "  an  endowed 
school,"  by  hypothesis  not  a  grammar-school,  can 
become  one,  is  like  asking  how  a  yoimg  tree  can 
become  an  old  one.  One  can  only  say,  that  if  any 
modern  endowed  school  will  make  the  classics  an 
essential  part  of  its  course,  it  will  become  such  a 
grammar-school  as  the  old  ones,  in  the  technical 
sense.  In  a  popular  sense,  they  will  be  grammar- 
schools  if  they  teach  amj  grammar. 

Lttieltox. 

CHAifGE  OF  Name  (3"'<'  S.  xi.  175.) — In  the 
3rd  Constitution  of  Archbishop  Peckham,  pub- 
lished at  Lambeth  a.d.  1281,  occurs  the  following 
injunction :  — 

"  Attendant  etiam  Sacerdotes,  ne  lasciva  nomina,  qufe 
scilicet  mox  prolata,  sonent  in  lasciviam,  imponi  permit- 


S"--!  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


203 


tant  parvulis  baptizatis,  sexus  prjecipue  foeminini,  et  si 
coutrarium  fiat,  per  confirmantes  Episcopos  corrigatur." 

Gibson,  in  quoting  tlie  above  Constitution,  adds 
the  following  note  to  the  word  "  corrigatur  " : — 

"  Scil  :  mutando  nomen,  et  honestius  iiomen  impo- 
nendo." — Lyndia.  "  Quod  sic  in  Confirmatione  niutatum 
legale  nomen  reputabitur." — Codex,  vol.  i.  p.  363. 

I  observe  that  Spelman  has  "Latina  nomina," 
instead  of  "  Lasciva."  —  Concilia,  &c.,  torn.  ii. 
p.  330.  Johnson  appends  the  following  note  to 
the  Constitution  above  quoted  :  — 

"  Of  old  the  Bishop  at  Confirmation  pronounced  the 
name  of  every  child,  or  person  confirmed  by  him,  and  if 
he  did  not  approve  of  the  name,  or  the  person  himself,  or 
his  friends  dcsii-ed  it  to  be  altered,  it  might  be  done  by 
the  Bishops  pronouncing  a  new  name  upon  his  ministering 
this  rite,  and  the  common  law  allowed  of  the  alteration. 
But  upon  the  Review  of  the  Liturgy  at  King  Charles's 
Restoration,  the  office  of  Confirmation  is  altered  as  to 
this  point.  For  now  the  Bishop  does  not  pronounce  the 
name  of  the  person  confirmed,  and  therefore  cannot  alter 
it." — Collection  of  Ecc.  Laws,  §-c.,  vol.  ii.  A.D.  1281. 

E.  C.  Haeingtok. 
The  Close,  Exeter. 

James  Gillkay,  Caricattjrist,  ksh  the  Penn 
Family  (3^*  S.  xi.  .38,  125.)— Your  correspondent 
Spal  is  undoubtedly  correct  in  his  contradiction 
of  the  statement  that  "  Mr.  Richard  Penn  (was) 
the  last  of  the  family  of  the  renowned  Quaker." 

To  my  own  knowledge  one  representative  of 
the  family  exists  in  the  person  of  the  present 
amiable  Earl  Howe  —  Richard  William  Penn 
Curzon  Howe,  son  of  the  Hon.  Penn  Assheton 
Curzon.  William  Kelly. 

Leicester. 

"Livings  "  and  "■  Tenantry  Fields  "  (3''^  S.  xi. 
126.)  —  Mr.  Howard  has  kindly  given  us  an 
interesting  account  upon  this  subject,  and  has  told 
us  the  termination  of  tenantry  fields ;  but  1  would 
beg  leave  to  ask  whether  he  can  tell  when  was 
the  heginning  of  such  holdings  ?  They  seem  to 
be  all  of  a  kin  to  Lammas  lands  (Dolemeads),  held 
in  common  of  pasture ;  but  divided  by  mean 
(equally),  for  the  severance  of  the  crop,  as  private 
property.  "  Ab  antiquo  "  is  too  vague  a  reply  as 
to  their  origin.  The  main  question  is — When 
and  by  what  authority  was  the  division  of  the 
tenantry  fields  into  "  strips"  made  ?  Such  hold- 
ings exist,  and  I  believe  did  exist  all  over  England 
till  they  were  obliterated  by  Inclosure  Acts. 

H.  T.  Ellacombe. 

Double  Acrostic  :  when  and  by  whom  invented 
■(3"i  S.  x.  483.)— I  do  not  know  if  the  subject  of  the 
double  acrostics  and  their  inventor  may  be  deemed 
worthy  of  a  further  notice  in  "N.  &  Q.";  but 
seeing  your  correspondent  Ctjthbert  Bede  speaks 
of  them  as  first  appearing  in  society  in  185G,  and 
in  print  in  The  Illustrated  Neivs  of  that  year,  I 
venture  to  say  that  I  saw  some  double  acrostics 


handed  about  in  manuscript  in  June,  1854 ;  and 
that  others  appeared  in  print  in  the  Magazine  for 
the  Young  (Mozley's)  for  December  in  "that  year, 
or  for  January  in  the  following  year.  Since 
tliat  time  they  have  appeared  in  the  Magazine  for 
the  Fomig  in  the  three  winter  months  of  each 
succeeding  year.  In  that  magazine  appeared  the 
cleverest  double  acrostic  I  have  seen.  The  words 
were  "  Railwaj'-  Station,"  and  they  were  worked 
out  so  as  admirably  to  describe  Frith's  celebrated 
picture  of  that  name.  The  writer  was  said  to  be 
a  young  barrister.  I  have  heard  the  invention  of  the 
double  acrostic  ascribed  to  the  present  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer,  Mr.  Disraeli.  M.  T. 

Slade  or  Slader  (3''^  S.  xi.  77.)  —  Rushton 
comprises  the  parishes  of  All  Saints  and  St.  Peter. 
The  hall,  situated  in  the  centre  of  an  extensive 
estate,  is  a  very  fine  old  building,  erected  by  the 
Treshams — a  family  of  great  consideration,  teijip. 
Elizabeth. 

Edward  Slade,  gent.,  died  seised  of  a  capital 
messuage  called  Huntingdon  Hall,  with  lands 
formerly  belonging  to  the  dissolved  priory  of 
Huntingdon  (IJsc.  anno  38  Hen.  VHI.,  pp.  2,  n.  10) 
in  that  year,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  Slade, 
his  son  and  heir,  a  minor  then  nineteen  years  old. 
Bridges,  in  his  Ilist.  of  Nwthainptonshiy-e  (1791), 
makes  no  further  mention  of  this  family. 

H.  M.  Vane. 
Eaton  Place,  S.W. 

Occurrences  in  Edinburgh,  1688  (3'''^  S.  xi. 
96.)  —  Lord  Macaulay,  in  his  History  of  England, 
vol.  ii.  609-12,  8vo,  ed.  1861,  describes' the  rising 
of  the  city  against  the  government  of  James  II., 
and  the  flight  and  subsequent  imprisonment  of 
the  Chancellor,  the  Earl  of  Perth.  The  following 
authorities  are  referred  to  : — The  Sixth  Collection 
of  Papers,  1689 ;  Wodrow,  iii.  xii.  4,  App.  150, 
151  ;  Faithfid  Contendinqs  Displayed;  Burnet,  i. 
804;  PerthtoLadyErrol,  Dec.29,  1688;  to  Mel- 
fort,  Dec.  21,  1688. 

The  city  had  previously  risen  in  1686  against 
the  Earl  (who  had  embraced  the  Roman  Catholic 
religion)  on  his  supporting  and  endeavouring  to 
introduce  that  religion  on  behalf  of  the  govern- 
ment. (See  Macaulay,  ii.  111-116.) 

Walter  J.  Till. 

Croydon. 

Chaplains  to  Archbishops  and  Bishops. — 
In  '-'N.  &  Q."  (3^1  S.  xi.  17)  I  find  that  "every 
Archbishop,  because  he  must  occupy  eight  Chap- 
lains at  Consecration  of  Bishops,  and  every  Bishop 
because  he  must  occupy  six  Chaplains  at  giving 
of  orders  and  consecration  of  churches,  may  have 
two  additional  Chaplains,  &c."  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  explain  the  term  "occupy"?  or 
point   out   why  the  above   specified  number   of 


204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67. 


chaplains  is  required  in  the  functions  named  ?  I 
have  seen  the  same  number  mentioned  in  Guil- 
lim,  but  do  not  observe  any  indication  of  such 
chaplains  in  the  Ordinal  of  the  English  Church, 
or  in  the  forms  for  Consecration  of  Churches 
generally  used  by  English  Bishops.  Senex. 

Whey  a>'d  the  EHEUiiATisir  (3'''*  S.  xi.  97.) 
In  answer  to  P.  J.,  whey  seems  to  be  a  popular 
cure  for  rheumatism.  It  is  not  named  in  any 
medical  work  as  a  cure  for  this  complaint;  but 
the  use  of  whey  I  have  no  doubt  would  prove 
efficacious  at  certain  stages  of  the  disease.  The 
cause  of  rheumatism  is  a  poison  circulating  in  the 
system,  commonly  believed  to  be  lactic  acid.  The 
administration  of  whey  in  moderate  quantities 
would,  I  have  no  doubt,  neutralize  mal-assimila- 
tion,  and  correct  the  faulty  metamorphic  action. 
But  bi-carbonate  of  soda  is  generally  to  be  pre- 
ferred. Chakles  Rogers. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

JTJ^T[JS  (3"*  S.  X.  10,  85.)— In  reference  to  the 
correspondence  on  the  authorship  of  Junius  now 
proceeding  in  your  columns,  permit  me  to  men- 
tion a  fact,  which  may  be  of  some  use  in  the  pre- 
sent discussion.  The  narrative  has  never  before 
been  in  print. 

My  father,  the  Rev.  James  Roger,  minister  of 
Dunino,  Fifeshire,  often  visited  his  friend  George 
Dempster,  Esq.,  at Dunnichen House.  Mr.Dempster 
was  in  Parliament  celebrated  as  "Honest  George," 
on  account  of  his  independent  principles,  and  xm- 
compromistng  opposition  to  state  jobbery  and 
political  tergiversation.  He  served  as  member  for 
the  Forfar  district  of  burghs  from  1762  to  1790; 
and,  as  a  man  of  independent  principles,  enjoyed 
the  acquaintance  of  many  leading  persons  opposed 
to  the  government. 

My  father  met  at  Dunnichen  House  an  old 
friend  of  Mr.  Dempster  from  London.  On  the 
day  after  his  arrival,  the  gentleman  remarked  to 
Mr.  Dempster,  •'  Oiu-  old  friend,  Woodfall,  has  been 
Tery_  unfortunate,"  and  proceeded  to  make  some 
details  in  reference  to  his  misfortunes.  '^  Ah  !  " 
said  Mr.  Dempster,  "  this  is  very  sad."  He  stepped 
to  his  desk,  and,  taking  up  a  bundle  of  bank  notes, 
handed  them  to  the  gentleman,  saying  "  Give 
these  to  Woodfall  with  mj^  kindest  regards." 
Woodfall  was  printer  of  the  Letters  of  ^Junius. 
My  father  was  struck  by  the  scene  ;  he  observed 
that  Mr.  Dempster  shed'some  tears,  and  that  he 
remained  thoughtful  during  the  evening. 

Mr.  Dempster  was  silent  on  the  subject  of  his 
parliamentary  career.  Some  years  before  his 
death  he  destroyed  all  his  political  correspondence, 
and  stated  to  my  father,  who  ofiered  to  become 
his  biographer,  that  he  was  especially  desirous 
that  no  memoir  of  him  should  be  written.  I  pos- 
sess many  of  Mr.  Dempster's  letters  to  my  father ; 


they  are  noble  specimens  of  composition,  and 
much  resemble  in  turn  of  expression  the  style 
peculiar  to  the  author  of  Junius. 

Chaeles  Rogers,  LL.D. 
2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

HxiCfODT  (2°^  S.  vii.  504.)— In  reference  to  the 
correspondence,  which  was  some  time  since  main- 
tained in  your  columns  respecting  the  claims  of 
the  Rev.  Robert  Robinson  of  Cambridge  to  the 
authorship  of  the  hymn  beginning  "  Come,  thou 
fount  of  every  blessing,"  I  have  just  come  into 
possession  of  an  important  piece  of  evidence  in 
Mr.  Robinson's  favour.  It  may  be  remembered 
that  the  controversy  ultimately  turned  on  the 
point,  that  there  was  no  sufficient  evidence  to 
show  that  Mr.  Robinson  personally  claimed  the 
authorship.  A  correspondent  of  mine  writes  me 
this  morning :  — 

'•  I  was  in  company  the  other  day  with  a  Christian 
lady  in  her  eighty-second  year,  who  can  remember  Robin- 
son ;  her  parents  were  members  of  his  church,  and  very 
intimate  with  him.  She  distinctly  remembers  their  tell- 
ing her,  and  telling  others  in  her  hearing,  that  Robin- 
son was  author  of  the  hj-mn  ;  and  that  in  answer  to  the 
question  put  by  them,  '  Are  you  the  author  ?  '  he  said 
he  was." 

Will  Mr.  Sedgwick  still  maintain  that  the 
hymn  was  written  by  Lady  Huntingdon  ?  Her 
accomplished  biographer  entirely  repudiates  the 
ascription  of  it  to  her  ladyship. 

Charles  Rogers,  LL.D.^ 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

Biting  the  Thtthb  (3"^  S.  x.  323.)  — Biting 
the  thumb  is  a  very  common  practice  amongst 
negroes  who  wish  to  bid  defiance  to  each  other. 
Thomson  the  poet  aUudes  to  the  same  practice  as 
an  indication  of  other  emotions :  — 

"  Sat  himself  down  and  bit  the  bitter  nail." 
So,  too,  in  Bx)meo  and  Juliet  we  have  the  former 
meaning  — 

"  Dost  thou  bite  thy  thumb  at  me  ?  " 

Sp. 
Reason  or  Ls^stixct  (3^*  S.  x.  -304.) — I  had  a 
cat,  which,  when  it  heard  the  street  bell  ring, 
would  jump  up  from  the  hearth-rug,  and  springing 
on  to  a  chair  at  the  window,  turn  her  face  side- 
ways to  see  who  was  at  the  door.  Here  was  evi- 
dently a  combination  of  many  ideas,  including  the 
faculties  of  "  Causality,"  ''  Comparison,"  "  Cau- 
tion " — economy  of  time  and  exertion  involving 
even  the  inatliematical  conception  of  an  angU  ! 

Sp. 

CiELABRE  {?j'^  S.  xi.  10.)— Ducange,  in  verb. 
"  Calabre,"  speaks  of  it  as  designating  "  skins  from 
Calabria";  and  quotes  Rymer,  t.  vii.  p.  356, 
col.  2,  "Indumentum  foderatum  cum  Calabre," 
Thus,  the  "  8  callabre  "  would  mean  eight  cloaks 
lined  with  fur.  0. 


3'd  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


205 


Menmath  (3''''  S.  xi.  96.)  —  A  "menmatli  "  is 
not  an  uncommon  word  in  the  Midland  Counties. 
It  means  one  man's  math,  i.  c.  as  much  pasture- 
land  as  one  man  can  mow  the  grass  upon  between 
simrise  and  sundown  in  a  long  summer  day. 

At  Bestmoor  Meadow,  in  the  parish  of  North 
Aston,  Oxfordshire,  the  farmers  of  the  adjoining 
parish  of  Dun's  Pew,  had,  till  very  recently,  each 
a  defined  number  of  "menmaths"  appurtenant 
to  their  farms.  After  the  removal  of  the  hay,  the 
afterfeed  reverted  to  the  proprietor  of  North  Aston, 
who  has  now  bought  up  and  so  abolished  these 
"menmaths." 

Similar  incidents  of  divided  ownership  '  (one 
proprietor  claiming  the  ''nienmath,"  another  the 
afterfeed,)  still  exist  in  Northamptonshire  and 
Oxfordshire.  I  am  myself  a  copyholder  in  a 
meadow  where  my  father  purchased  the  "  men- 
maths"  of  a  proprietor  the  rest  of  whose  land 
was  six  miles  distant.  Wiliiam.  Wing. 

Steeple  Aston,  Oxford. 

Old  Pictures  (3'^  S.  xi.  77.)  — The  following 
list  supplies  the  titles  of  several  books,  all  of  low 
price  and  readily  attainable,  among  which  your 
correspondent  will  doubtless  find  the  information 
he  requires :  — 

"Treatise  on  the  Knowledge  necessary  to  Amateurs  of 
Pictures.  Translated  and  Abridged  fi-om  the  French  of 
M.  FranQois-Xavier  de  Burtin,  &c.,  by  Robert  White, 
Esq.     8vo,  Longman,  1845." 

[Chap.  XV.  "  On  the  different  methods  of  cleaning  Pic- 
tures, and  of  the  Precautions  to  be  taken  in  lining  and 
restoring  them." — Pp.  247-75.] 

"  Manuel  des  Jeunes  Artistes  et  Amateurs  en  Peinture. 
Par  P.  Bouvier.    Thick  8vo,  Paris,  1832." 

[This  second  edition  contains  a  treatise  on  the  art  of 
restoring  old  paintings.] 

"  Insti-uctions  for  Cleaning,  Repairing,  Lining,  and 
Restoring  Oil  Paintings,  with  remarks  on  the  Distribu- 
tion of  Works  of  Art  in  Houses  and  Galleries,  for  their 
better  care  and  preservation.  By  Henry  Mogford.  12mo, 
Winsor  and  Newton,  1851." 

[This  little  book  is  published  at  Is.,  and  will  be  found, 
I  think,  to  contain  all  that  is  required.] 

"  Dirt  and  Pictures  separated  in  the  Works  of  the  Old 
Masters.  Bv  Henrv  Merritt.  London,  12mo,  Holyoake 
&  Co.,  1854." 

[Part  of  this  work  appeared  originally  in  the  Leader 
and  Athenavm.  It  will  not  be  found  of  much  use  practi- 
ca%.  "  His  (the  author's)  incidental  object  has  been  to 
assist  in  defining  the  province  of  the  Restorer  in  relation 
to  the  Works  of  the  Old  Masters."] 

"  Observations  on  the  Arts,  with  Tables  of  the  Princi- 
pal Painters.  8 vo,  Liverpool,  1828."  (ByT.  Winstanley.) 

["On  damaged  Pictures  and  Attempts  at  Cleanin"-," 
p.  32. 

"  On  the  Value  of  Pictures,  and  on  Picture  Dealing," 
p.  38.] 

"  The  Manual  of  Oil  Painting  for  young  Artists  and 
Amateurs.  (Edited  by  J.  Timbs.)  London,  12mo, 
Bogue,  Is.,  1847." 

[ Part  VII.  "  Varnishing, Cleaning,  Repairing, and  Lin- 
ing of  Pictures."] 


"The  Knowledge  and  Restoration  of  Old  Paintings: 
the  Modes  of  Judging  between  Copies  and  Originals,  &c. 
By  T.  H.  Fielding.     London,  12mo,  Ackerman,  1847." 

"  Painting  Popularly  Explained,  itc,  by  T.  J.  Gullick 
and  John  Timbs,  12mo,  1859." 

[NoteG.  p.  313.  "The  Distribution,  Hanging,  Fram- 
ing, and  Care  of  Pictures,  and  of  Picture  Cleaning  and 
Restoring."  Contains  very  little  specially  on  the  subject, 
but  is  worth  noting  as  a  valuable  little  manual.] 

William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 

Dutch  Ballad  (^'^  S.  x.  303.)— Being  a  Dutch- 
man myself,  the  ballad  was  of  course  of  much 
interest  to  me.  I  have  been  surprised  and  de- 
lighted at  the  same  time  to  find  that  an  English- 
man was  so  a  la  hauteur  of  the  Dutch  language. 
I  say  "  Englishman,"  because  a  mistake  which 
occurs  in  the  second  couplet  would  not  have  been 
made  if  J.  A.  P.  were  a  Dutchman  or  even  a 
German. 
I  read :  — 

"  Daer  worden  wij  binnen  gelaten." 
("  There  wurdon  we  binnon  gelatan."') 
If  I  translated  the  Dutch   line   according  to 
J.  A.  P.'s  notes,  I  would   obtain  the  following 
phrase : — 

"  There  we  would  remain  within." 
This  is  not  the  meaning  of  the  Dutch  verse.    If 
I  were  to  translate  it  properly,  I  should  put  — 
"  There  we  are  introduced." 
The  mistake  lies  in  the  word  utirdon  (worden). 
In  Dutch  it  can  never  have  the  meaning  of  ttmcld. 
It  must  be  either  translated  by  "  to  be  "  as  above^ 
or  by  "  to  get,"  "to  grow,"  "to  become." 
For  instance,  in  the  following  phi-ase  — 
"  Hij  wordt  een  rijk  man  genoemd," — 
tvordt  is  to  be  rendered  by  "to  be"  : 

"  He  is  a  rich  man  named." 
But  as  soon  as  j^ou  omit  genoe^nd,  ivordt  gets  the 
meaning  of  "  to  become  "  :  so  that  the  sentence — 

"  Hij  icordt  een  rijk  man," — 
must  be  translated  by 

"  He  becomes  a  rich  man."     ' 

H.  TlEDEMAN. 
Amsterdam. 

Books  for  learning  Dutch  (3'^  S.  x.  474.) — 
In  addition  to  what  Mr.  W.  W.  Skeat  has 
already  given  (xi.  25)  about  books  for  learning 
the  Dutch  language,  I  can  recommend  the  follow- 
ing works :  — 

1.  Bowring  (J.),  Sketch  of  the  Language  and  Litera- 
ture of  Holland,  12mo,  Amsterdam,  1829. 

A  good  book  for  those  who  want  to  have  a 
general  knowledge  of  the  Dutch  language  and 
literature.  A  new  edition  is,  however,  absolutely 
necessary. 


206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^d  S.  XI.  March  9,  '67. 


2.  T.  Marshall,  Dutch  Grammar,  preceded  by  a  brief 
Sketch  of  the  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Dutch  Language, 
&c.,  8vo,  Rotterdam,  185J:. 

The  best  Dutch  grammar  in  English  in  exist- 
ence. The  London  Library  has  a  copy  of  this 
work. 

3.  A  Xew  Dictionary  of  the  English  and  Dutch  Lan- 
guages, &c.,  by  D.  Bomhoff.  4th  edition,  tvro  volumes, 
1851.    Nimuie'gen,  Thieme. 

This  dictionary,  though  defective  in  many  re- 
spects, is  the  best  we  have.  It  is  far  more  com- 
plete than  Tauchnitz's.  The  newest  dictionary  is 
by  Servaas  de  Bruin,  in  two  volumes ;  but  I 
should  prefer  Bomhoff' s  in  any  case.  j 

H.  TrEDEMAX.      I 

Amsterdam.  ! 

St.  Maurice  axd  St.  Lazake  (3'^  S.  ix.  401,  j 
476;  X.  4o5;  xi.  64.) — It  is  not  very  obvious  what  j 
Mr.  Woodward  is  disputing  about.  I  said  that  the 
united  orders  were  ''  occasionally  heard  of  in  Europe  i 
in  our  own  day."     Mr.  Woodward  adopted  my 
statement  (3''*  S.  ix.  477)  by  his  remark  that  "  the 
imited  order  ....  is  not  only  occasionally  heard  ; 
of,   but  is  frequently  conferred  by  the  King  of  j 
Italy  at  the  present  day."     Upon  which  I  pointed  i 
out  (3'^^  S,  X.  455)  that  that  was  very  much  my  j 
statement,  only  that  I  had  not  taken  the  trouble  j 
to  ascertain  whether  it  was  frequently  conferred  i 
or  not.     I  then  added  one  instance  in  which  it  : 
had  been  heard   of  throughout   Europe   and  in  j 
England— that  of  Renan,     Mr.  Woodward  (S'^  j 
S.  xi.  64)  declares  that  he  is  not  so  liberal  as  to 
approve  of  that  decoration.     We  appear  to  be  of  j 
one  opinion  substantially.     But  I  look  in  vain  at 
my  statements  to  discover  what  it  is  that  Mr. 
Woodward  found  to  induce  him  to  write  this  :  — 

"  But  D.  P.  should  not  allow  his  political  or  religious 
bias  to  lead  him  to  indulge  in  unworthy  sneers  at  every- 
thing pertainhig  to  the  person  who  is  King  (not  merely  of 
Piedmont,  but)  of  Italy." 

If  any  reader  of  this  reply  chooses  to  take  the 
trouble  of  reading  what  I  have  said  at  the  refer- 
ences given,  he  will,  I  think,  share  my  surprise  at 
the  appearance  of  such  language  as  Mr.  Wood- 
ward's. 

If,  by  "living  in  glass  houses,"  Mr.  Wood- 
ward means  that  Englishmen  are  reduced  to 
silence  by  the  fact  of  the  Garter  having  been 
sent  to  the  great  anti-Christ  at  Constantinople,  I 
answer  that  it  has  no  such  effect  upon  me.  The 
Garter  has  now  at  length  reached  its  destiny  logic- 
ally. It  was  only  a  question  of  time.  But  the 
English  Government  did  not  send  it  as  a  reward 
for  a  lampoon  on  our  Divine  Redeemer,  but  as  a 
final  political  necessity.  I  do  not  undertake  to 
defend  the  fact,  nor  do  I  care  whether  it  is  de- 
fended or  not.  It  is,  however,  a  very  different 
thing  from  decorating  a  person  who"  had  only 
emerged  from  obscurity  by  writing  a  book  which 


will  make  his  name  odious  to  Christendom  for 
ever.  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  ilalvern  Wells. 

I  had  in  my  possession  for  more  than  twenty 
years  the  cross  of  this  order,  which  had  been 
left  in  my  keeping  by  a  brother  officer  of  my 
father.  This  officer  was  the  late  commander 
Richard  Howell  Fleming,  Royal  Xavy,  on  whom 
it  had  been  bestowed  for  his  services  when  'flag- 
lieutenant  to  Lord  Exmouth  in  the  memorable 
expedition  against  Algiers  in  1816.  The  decora- 
tion is  composed  of  a  cross  boutonne  of  white 
enamel  intersecting  a  Maltese  cross,  placed  saltire- 
wise,  of  a  bright  green  colour ;  the  combined 
crosses  forming  a  sort  of  star,  which  depends  from 
a  little  jewelled  crown  of  gold.  Commander 
Fleming  was  also  on  this  occasion  presented  with 
the  Order  of  St.  Louis,  and  for  his  former  services 
at  Naples  with  that  of  St.  Ferdinand  and  Merit. 
Previously  to  his  death,  a  few  years  since,  I  had 
an  opportunity  of,  returning  the  well-won  cross  I 
have  described  to  his  own  hands.  Surely,  none 
would  seek  to  depreciate  the  Order  of  St.  Maurice 
and  St.  Lazarus,  which  the  gallant  old  Viscount 
Exmouth  was  proud  to  wear  conspicuous  on  the 
centre  of  his  breast,  while  the  Grand  Cross  of  the 
Bath  decorated  his  left  side,  as  appears  in  the 
•Dortrait  of  him  painted  bv  W.  Owen,  R.A. 

C.  L. 

QiiOTATio:^  wA>'TED  (3"*  S.  xi.  115.)  —  Mr. 
FiSHwicx  will  find  the  quotation  he  wishes  to 
verify  in  the  seventh  book  of  Wordsworth's  Ex- 
cursion. Mr.  F.  .does  not  cite  the  lines  quite  cor- 
rectly.    The  passage  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  But  to  a  higher  mark  than  song  can  reach, 
Rose  this  pure  eloquence  :  and,  when  the  stream 
Which  overflowed  the  soul  was  passed  away, 
A  conscioiisness  remained  that  it  had  left. 
Deposited  upon  the  silent  shore 
Of  memoiy,  images  and  precious  thoughts. 
That  shall  not  die,  and  cannot  be  destroyed." 

The  poet's  idea  of  the  superiority  of  eloquence 
over  music  reminds  one  of  Milton's  line  (Paradise 
Lost,  book  II.)  :  — 

"  For  eloquence  the  soul,  song  charms  the  sense." 

JoXATHAIf  BorCHIER. 

Richard  IIet,  LL.D.  (3^''  S.  xi.  115.)— I  can- 
not at  present  answer  the  first  question  of  R.  J. , 
but  I  can  inform  him  that  Dr.  Hey's  decease  took 
place  in  1838,  his  age  then  being  ninety-three 
years.  He  was  one  of  foiir  eminent  brothers, 
the  eldest  being  the  Rev.  Professor  Pley,  named 
by  your  correspondent ;  the  second,  William  Hey, 
F.R.S.,  sometime  senior  surgeon  of  the  General 
Infirmary  at  Leeds,  and  twice  mayor  of  Leeds, 
whom  Dr.  Abemethy  called  the  "  first  surgeon  in 
Europe"  ;  the  third,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Hey,  M.A., 
also  fellow  and  tutor  of  Magdalen  College,  Cam- 


3rd  S.  XI.  March  9,  67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


207 


bridge,  and  vicar  of  Steeple  Aston,  Wilts ;  the 
fourth,  Richard  Hey,  LL.D.,  who  married  Martha, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Brown  of  Camfield  Place, 
near  Hatfield,  Herts,  Esq.,  Garter  principal  King 
at  Arms.  J.  Fokth  Mtjnby. 

York. 

Daxcing  before  the  Altak  (3'^'^  S.  xi.  132.) — 
I  remember  being  in  a  town  in  Mexico  when  a 
partj^  of  Indians  came  in  with  music,  and  danced 
before  the  altar  of  the  Greek  Church.  I  was  told 
it  was  not  uncommon  in  other  towns.  It  was 
the  act  of  half-trained  savages.  T.  F. 

A  Pair  op  Stairs  (S""*"  S.  xi.  46.) — "A  pair  of 
drawers  "  is  used  in  Lincolnshire  for  ''  chest  of 
drawers,"  and  Piers  Plowman  speaks  of — 
"  A  pair  of  bedes  in  their  hand, 
And  a  boke  under  their  arm  !  " 

J.  T.  F. 
The  College,  Hurstpierpoint. 

Roman  Taxation  levied  per  Tiles  and 
Roofs  of  Houses  (3'"''  S.  xi.  IIG.)  — I  know 
uotliing  of  the  periodical  quoted  by  Dr.  Walker ; 
but  the  original  of  the  extract  from  it  will  be 
found  in  Dio.  xlvi.  31.  T.  P. 

Gary's  Dante  (S"^  S.  xi.  115,  143.)  — I  am 
unwilling  to  disturb  the  deserved  reputation  of 
Gary ;  but  tlie  Divina  Commedia  has  been  translated 
into  English,  either  the  whole  or  in  parts,  by  the 
following  writers  :  Rogers,  1782 ;  Boyd,  1785  ; 
Howard,  1807 ;  Dayman,  1843 ;  Parsons  (of  Bos- 
ton, U.S.),  1843;  Wright  (in  Bohn's  Library), 
1845;  Carlyle,  1849;  Cayley,  1861;  Bannerman, 
1850;  O'Donnell,  1852  ;  Pollock,  1854  ;  Thomas, 
1859 ;  Whyte,  1859 ;  Wilkie,  1862 ;  Mrs.  Ram- 
say, 1862 ;  Rosetti,  Dayman,  and  Ford,  in  1865. 
There  are  also  the  prose  translation  of  Hindley, 
1842,  and  Ly ell's  version  of  the  lyrical  poems. 

As  a  mere  novice  in  Italian  liter.ature,  my 
opinion  is  worth  little  ;  but  I  prefer,  as  far  as  it 
goes,  the  version  of  Ford.  Juxta  Turrim. 

Marriage  Ring  (3'^  S.  xi.  115.)— This  is  not 
in  use  in  the  Protestant  church  of  Switzerland. 
Job  J.  B.  Workhard. 

Advertising  (3"'  S.  xi.  114.)— Much  curious 
information,  with  examples,  will  be  found  in  the 
Quarterly  Review  for  June,  1855,  No.  cxciii. 
p.  183.  W.  H.  S.  A. 

Angels  of  the  Chttrches  (^^^  S.  xi.  166.)  — 
I  will  gladly  give  B.  H.  C.  all  the  information  in 
my  power.  Poole  thus  expresses  himself  in  the 
Synopsis,  with  a  reference  to  Grotius :  — 

"  Hi  &')/')  i\ot  istarum  Ecclesiarum  ab  ipso  Joanne  erant 
constituti,  et  illis  alii  deinceps  Episcopi  suo  ordine  suc- 
cesserunt,  ut  TertuUiau  nos  docet,  et  ante  eum  Irentcus." 


The  passage  in  Tertullian  (Adv.  Marcion,  iv.  5), 
will  be  found  in  Archdeacon  Wordsworth's  edi- 
tion of  the  Greek  Testament.  He  also  quotes  a 
few  words  to  the  same  eft'ect  from  a  work  com- 
monly ascribed  to  S.  Augustin.  Shem. 

Sir  Thomas  Apreece  (3'-^  S.  xi.  129.)— Allow 
me  to  correct  several  errors  into  which  your  cor- 
respondent CuTHBERT  Bede  has  fallen  relative  to 
the  late  Sir  Thomas  Apreece  and  his  property. 
The  real  facts  are  as  follovrs  :  — 

Sir  Thomas  Apreece  died  in  December,  1842, 
not  1844.  The  xAW  was  not  thrown  into  Chancery. 
A  caveat  was  entered  by  his  next  of  kin  (Mrs. 
Peacocke,  afterwards  Mrs.  Freeman),  and  the  case 
was  heard  in  the  Prerogative  Court  before  Sir  H, 
Jenner  Fust,  who,  on  August  5,  1846,  delivered  a 
most  elaborate  j  udgment  (occupying  nearly  nine 
hours  in  delivery)  in  favour  of  St.  George's  Hos- 
pital. The  heir-at-law  threatened  an  appeal  to 
the  House  of  Lords,  but  on  June  4,  1844,  a  com- 
promise was  agreed  on  by  which  the  contending 
parties  agreed  to  divide  the  property.  This  was 
completed,  and  the  estates  sold  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible ;  but  the  Washingley  estate,  though  offered 
for  sale  with  the  others,  was  not  sold  till  July, 
1850,  when  tlie  trustees  of  the  Earl  of  Harrington 
became  the  purchasers. 

J.  T.  M.,  a  Governor  of  St.  George's 
Hospital. 

P.S.  Mr.  Shugborough  Apreece,  and,  I  believe, 
Lis  wife's  second  husband,  Sir  II.  Davy,  died  some 
time  before  Sir  Thomas  Apreece.  Lady  Davy's 
jointure  was  a  charge  on  the  estal^,  and  was  paid 
up  to  her  death  in  May,  1855. 

Horns  in  German  Heraldry  (S''*  S.  xi.  107.) 
I  have  delayed  answering  Mr.  Dixon  till  my 
tenth  volume  came  from  the  binders. 

What  I  meant  was,  that  although  in  the  de- 
scription of  the  coat  we  are  told  that  the  horns  in 
the  shield  and  on  the  helm  are  similar  {desgleichen), 
yet  in  the  drmcinrjs  of  the  arms  they  are  not 
alike,  being  ox-horns  or  bugles  on  the  shield,  and 
elephant-trunks  or  war-horns  on  the  helmet; 
and  although  the  verbal  descriptions  make  them 
similar,  yet,  from  looking  at  the  engravings,  it 
plainly  appears  that  these  things  are  difterently 
rendered,  according  as  they  are  borne  on  a  shield 
or  helm,  in  this  case  at  least  (ISostitz). 

John  Davidson. 

Kensington  Church  and  Oliver  Cromwell 
(3'^  S.  xi.  65.) — Has  H.  W.  F.  any  objection  to 
state  how  he  claims  to  be  lineal  descendant  of 
Oliver  Cromwell  ?  Also,  does  he  laiow  of  any 
other  descendants  now  living  ?  I  am  much  in- 
terested in  all  particulars  relating  to  tliat  family. 

G.  C.  W. , 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [s^d  s. xi.  march  9, 


Bows  AND  Arrows  (3'^  S.  xi.  67.)  —  On  this 
subject,  Mercurms  Civieus,  No.  18,  Sept.  1643, 
has  an  interesting  entry  :  — 

"  From  Oxford  the  last  certaine  ititelligence  is  to  this 
effect,  &c.  They  have  set  up  a  new  Magazine  without 
Norgate,  onely  "for  Bowes  and  Arrowes,  which  they  in- 
tend to  make  use  of  against  our  horse,  which  they  heare 
(though  to  their  great  griefe)  doe  much  increase ;  and 
that  all  the  Bowyers,  Fletchers,  and  Arrow  head  makers 
that  thev  can  possibly  get  they  imploy  and  set  on  worke 
there  for  that  purpose  .  .  .  Also  that  the  King  hath  two 
Regiments  of  Bowes  and  Arrowes.  It  is  therefore  neces- 
sary that  no  arrow  heads  be  suffered  to  goe  from  London, 
or  into  any  parts  where  the  Cavaliers  may  by  any  means 
come  to  atchieve  or  surprise  them.  And  it  were  to  be 
wished  that  the  like  provision  were  made  by  the  Parlia- 
ment here  to  get  Bowes  and  Arrowes  (at  least  some  for 
their  Pikemen),  it  being  not  unknowns  what  Victories 
have  been  formerly  atchieved  in  France  and  other  parts 
by  our  English  JBowmen.  Besides,  the  iiying  of  the 
Arrowes  are  farre  more  terrible  to  the  horse 'then  bullets, 
and  doe  much  more  turmoyle,  and  rex  them  if  they 
enter," 

E.G. 


^tScellanEOuS. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 
Emanuel  Swedenhorg.  His  Life  and  Writings.  By 
William  White.  In  Two  Volumes.  (Simpkin.) 
When  we  consider  how  little  is  known  in  England  of 
Emanuel  Swedenborg  outside  the  pale  of  that  small  body 
of  disciples  who  recognise  him  as  their  master  and  guide, 
it  can  scarcely  be  doubted  that  a  book  like  the  present 
will  be  acceptable  to  a  wide  circle  of  readers.  Mr.  White 
explains  how  it  is  that,  while  Swedenborg's  name  is 
familiar  to  us  all,  but  few  definite  ideas  are  attached  to 
it,  by  the  fact  that  his  writings  are  so  voluminous  as  to 
daunt  the  majority  of  readers,  and  that  there  are  no  one 
or  two  of  them  calculated  to  afford  a  complete  view  of 
his  philosophy  and  theologj'.  To  remove  this  prevailing 
ignorance  concerning  Swedenborg  is  the  object  of  the  book 
before  us ;  and  Mr.  White  has  endeavoured  to  accomplish 
this  b^'  making  the  work  a  biography  of  the  visionary, 
■with  which  he  has  interwoven  an  analysis  and  review  of 
his  writings — in  short,  to  make  it  a  Swedenborg  C3'clo- 
paedia  in  which  no  anecdote  or  important  principle 
should  be  omitted.  Some  nice  portraits,  a  verj'  full  table 
of  contents,  and  an  index  equally  full,  give  completeness 
to  a  book  which  presents  us  with  an  extraordinary  pic- 
ture of  a  very  extraordinary'  man. 

A  Book  of  A7igUng  :  being  a  Complete  Treatise  on  the  Art 
of  Angling  in  every  Branch.  With  explanatory  Plates, 
^c.  By  Francis  Francis,  of  "The  Field."  (Long- 
mans.) 

Mr.  Francis,  who  is  already  favourably  known  by  his 
■writings  in  connection  with  the  "  gentle  art,"  tells  us  that 
the  present  book  is  the  result  of  the  second  of  his  two 
great  ambitions.  His  first  was  to  catch  every  fresh-water 
fish  to  be  found  in  Britain,  from  the  minnow  up  to  the 
salmon.  The  second  was  to  produce  in  one  volume  the 
fullest  and  most  varied  information  upon  angling  gene- 
rally in  every  branch  of  the  art.  It  would  require  a 
Brother  of  the  Angle  better  versed  in  its  literature  than  we 
can  boast  ourselves  to  be,  to  decide  whether  Mr.  Francis 
has  fully  realised  the  object  at  which  he  aimed ;  but  we 
can  honestly  say  that  the  book  is  very  full,  clear,  and  ex- 
plicit, and  contains  much  that  is  new  to  us  at  least.    As 


such  we  can  safely  commend  it  to  those  quiet  spirits 
who,  in  the  coming  spring,  hope  to  quit  the  busy  town 
and  "  go  a-angling." 

The  Poems  of  Henry  Hoivard,  Earl  of  Surrey.  Aldine 
Edition.     (Bell  &  Daldy.) 

The  Poetical  Works  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt.  Aldine  Edi- 
tion.    (Bell  &  Dakiy.) 

In  these  beautiful  reprints  of  Surrey  and  Wyatt,  not 
only  have  the  poems  been  carefully  collated  with  the 
texts  of  the  earlier  editions,  but  the  lives  have  been 
greatly  enriched  by  valuable  additions  brought  to  light 
through  the  industry  and  well-directed  researches  of  Mr. 
James  Yeowell,  whose  modesty  alone,  we  presume,  pre- 
vents his  name  from  appearing,  as  it  ought  to  have  done, 
on  the  title-pages  of  these  two  admirably-edited  volumes. 

Books  received. — 

Chambers's  Etymological  Dictionary  of  the  English  Lan- 
guage, for  Schools  and  Colleges,  exhibiting  the  Etymology, 
Pronunciation,   and   Definition  of  Words.     Edited   by 
James  Donald.     Parts  I.  and  II.     (Chambers.) 
Obviously  compiled  with  great  care,  and  printed  in  a 

small  but  very  distinct  type,  this  Etymological  Dictionary, 

which  will  be  completed  in  eight  sixpenny  parts,  is  at 

once  good  and  cheap. 

The  London  Diocese  Book  for  1867.    By  John  Hassard. 

(Rivingtons.) 

Mr.  Hassard's  useful  volume  having  reached  its  third 
year,  may  now  be  almost  considered  one  of  the  in- 
stitutions of  the  Diocese.  It  abounds  with  useful  and 
authentic  information. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WAITTED   TO   PUECHASE. 


Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  followins  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 
Memoirs   of    J.  T.  Sebbes,  Marine  Painter   to   His  Majesty.    8vo, 

18-26. 
GAiLtABDET,  JIemoibes  dd   Chevadier  d'Eon.    2  tomes.    8to.    Paris. 
1836. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns.  Esq.,  40,  St.  George's  Square, 
Belgrave  Road,  S.W. 


Smart's  Horace.    Anderson's  edition.    Vol.  I.    Edinburgh:  Stirling 
and  Kenney,  1834. 

Wanted  by  Rev.  L.  Howes,  8,  Queen  Street,  Oxford. 


flatitzi  ta  CorreSflou^enW. 

Chevaiibb  de  Chatelaine.  The  Lord  Chancellor  is  always  covered 
when  he  addresses  anu  person  below  the  Bar-,  as  when  he  addresses  the 
Commons  summoned  to  hear  a  Commission  for  passing  bills. 

S.  Redmond  CT.iverpooll.  A  letter  which  we  sent  to  this  Correspon- 
dent has  been  returned.     Will  he  oblige  its  with  his  precise  address  f 

Hannah  LioHrpooT.  In  consequence  of  the  length  of  the  interesting 
paper  bu  Calcuttensis,  we  are  compelled  to  postpone  until  next  week 
another  communication  on  the  subject  by  Mr.  Thorns. 

Phidias.  Our  Correspond-nt  Bladu''  is  referred  to  Sillia's  Dictionary 
of  the  Artists  of  Antiquity,  translated  by  Williams.    London,  1836. 

The  Twin  Sisters,  by  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  is  believed  to  be  merely  a 
fancy  sketch. 

G.  A.  L.  wHl  find  some  account  of  the  Reformation  at  Geneva  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  3rd  S.  vi.  133. 

X  T.  Z.  (Chester).  Po^wleZe's  History  of  Cornwall,  4to,  1816,  7  vols. 
vsualhi  bound  in  two.  is  the  best  work  on  that  county.  There  is  also  Daviea 
Gilbert's  Parochial  History  of  Cornwall,  4  vols.  8vo,  1838,  with  a  good 
Index. 

J.  Manoel  (Newcastle").  A  Suit  of  Armour  for  Youth,  1824,  is  by 
Stacey  Grimaldi,  author  o/Origines  Genealogicae. 

A  Reading  Case  for  holding  the  weekly  Nos.  of  "N.  &  Q."  is  now 
ready, and  maybe  had  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen,  price  l».6<i.; 
or,  tree  by  post,  direct  from  the  publisher,  for  Is.  8d. 

"NoTBs  &  Qdsbiss"  18  registered  fortnauminion  abroad. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

roR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 


""Wnien  found,  make  a  note  of." — Captain  Cuttle. 


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"    '.  his  prin- 


the  part  of  the  reader,  even  in 
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happy,  and  all  his  dissertations 
deserve  the  attention  of  Shak- 
spEARE  students.' 

j:i'otes  and  Queries. 


to  which  he  has  applied  nis  prm 
ciples  of  criticism;  but  the  cor 
reciions  proposed  in  the  second 
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lace  of  Hezekiah.'  i  "  the  key  to  unlock  the  mystery  " 

London  JReview.    '  (of  the  Seventy  Weeks),  casts   it 
I  away  by  surrendering  himself  into 

'  This  is  decidedly  an  able  book, !  the  hands  of  Prideaox.' 
as  far  as  chronology  is  concerned.  1  Ecclesiastic. 
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Second  Temple  was  begun  490  years  after  the  Dedication 
of  the  First;  and  how  the  Chief  Corner  Stone  of  the 
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[S'l  S.  XI.  Maech  16,  '67. 


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Sfd  S.  XI.  March  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


209 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  IG,  1867 


COXTENTS.— No  27 


NOTES  :  —  Queen  Charlotte  and  the  Chevalier  D'Eon,  209— 
A  General  Literary  Index,  &c.,  210  —  A  Good  Hint  — 
Scotcli  Records  —  Luckybird  —  Kippis's  "  Biographia  Bri- 
taiinica  "  —  The  Koh-i-nur  Diamond  —  The  "  Boeuf  Gras," 
212. 

•QUERIES  :  —  "  ^lia  Lpelia  Crispis  "  —  Angelus  Bell  —Bath 
Brick  —  Richard  Boqth  —  Coffins  at  Charlotte  Town  — 
Campanology  —  Queen  Elizabeth's  Prayer'-Book  —  Gene- 
alogical Query  —  Harp  —  Kirton  in  Liudsey— Marriage 
of  George  III.  or  IV.  —  Poems  —  Phrases— Beaufoy  Family 

—  Prtenomina  and  Nomina  —  "  Eagle  of  Sicily  "  —  Queries 
respectins  St.  Michael's  Mount,  in  Cornwall  — Tennyson  ; 
Elaine  —  Zeno  :  "  Polymanteia  "  :  Quotation,  213. 

Queries  "with  Answers  -.  —  Quotations  wanted  —  "  Glory 
and  Shame"  —  Thomas  Southern  —  Candle-making:  Gas 
— IValuation  Rolls,  Scotland,  216. 

REPLIES:  — Ago  of  Ordination  in  Scotland  in  1682,  217  — 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  218  —  "  Hambletonian  "  and  "  Dia- 
mond, 219  —  "  The  Sabbath,"  not  merely  a§*uritan  Term, 
220  —  Extraordinary  Assemblies  of  Birds,  lb. —  French 
Topography,  221— Albert  Durer's  "  Knight,  Death,  and  the 
Devil,"  222— Andrew  Crosbie,  Esq.,  /6.— Napoleon— Gram- 
mar Schools  —  Vowel  Changes:  a,  aw  — Pearls  of  Elo- 
quence —  Punning  Mottoes  —  Men's  Heads  covered  in 
Church— Peers'  Residences  in  1689— Emperors  of  Morocco 

—  The  Grey  Mare's  Tail  —  Positions  in  Sleeping  —  Town 
Library,  Leicester  —  Anonymous  —  Calaber  —  Lines  on  the 
Eucharist  —  Betting  —  Hitchcock,  a  Spinetmaker  —  About 
Pantomimes  —  Roundels  —  Rush  Rings  —  Mrs.  Hannah 
Beswick  —  Heraldic  Query,  223. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


QUEEN  CHARLOTTE  AND  THE  CHEVALIER 
D'EON. 

Havinpr,  as  I  trust,  successfully  vindicated 
George  III.  from  the  slander  which  connected  his 
name  with  that  of  Hannah  Lightfoot,  I  venture 
to  attempt  a  similar  act  of  justice  to  his  exemplary 
wife. 

Scandal  against  Queen  Elizabeth  is  as  old  as 
the  hills,  but  scandal  against  Queen  Charlotte, 
except  in  the  libellous  pages  of  The  Authentic 
Record,  or  The  Secret  History,  was,  to  me  at  least, 
a  thing  unheard  of  until  some  months  since,  when 
my  attention  was  called  to  a  libellous  calumny  in 
which  her  majesty's  name  was  mixed  up  with  that 
of  no  less  notorious  a  person  than  the  Chevalier 
D'Eou.  This  disgusting  stufl"  was  to  be  found  in 
the  Memoire  of  that  celebrated  diplomatist  by 
M.  Gaillardet,  published  in  two  octavo  volumes 
^s  long  since  as  1836. 

All  the  endeavours  I  then  made  to  obtain  a  copy 
of  that  book,  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  on  what 
authority  M.  Gaillardet  made  such  an  extraor- 
dinary charge,  having  failed,  I  was  compelled, 
like  Mr.  Micawber,  to, "  wait  till  something 
turned  up." 

That  something  has  turned  up  very  unex- 
pectedly in  the  shape  of  a  new  edition  of  M.  Gail- 
lardet's  Memoire,  which  its  preface  has  rendered 


one  of  the  most  extraordinary  books  which  I  have 
ever  met  with. 

In  this  preface,  which  is  headed  "  Un  Acte  de 
Contrition  et  un  Acte  d'Accusation,"  M.  Gail- 
lardet tells  us  that  in  1835  he  obtained  from  some 
members  of  the  Chevalier's  family  many  papers 
and  documents  calculated  to  throw  new  light  upon 
his  history ;  and  at  the  same  time  from  the  Due 
de  Broglie,  then  Minister  of  Foreign  Aflairs,  and 
M.  Mignet,  Directeur  des  Chancelleries,  permis- 
sion to  ransack  the  Archives  for  the  whole  period 
of  the'Chevalier's  political  career.  One  would  have 
thought  any  biographer  might  have  been  satisfied 
with  such  an  accumulation  of  new  materials. 

It  was  not  so,  however,  with  M.  Gaillardet. 
But  he  shall  tell  how  he  set  to  work  in  his  own 
words :  — 

"Mais  j'eus  aloi-s  im  tort  qu'expliquent  ma  jeunesse  et 
le  genre  de  litterature  dans  lequel  je  m'etais  essaye. 
J'avais  vingt-cinq  ans,  et  je  venais  de  faire  jouer  ledrame 
de  la  Tour  de  Nesle,  avec  Alexandre  Dumas ;  je  ne  revais 
que  pe'ripeties  compliquees,'amours  tragiques,  et  secrets 
tenebreux.  La  vie  du  Chevalier  d'Eon,  telle  que  je  venais 
de  la  parcourir,  si  accidentee  qu'elle  fut,  me  parut  encore 
trop  simple  pour  n'avoir  pas  une  partie  cachee,  qui  echap- 
pait  a  toutes  les  recherches,  et  qui  devait  etre  d'autant 
plus  graves  qu'on  en  avait  ane'anti  les  traces  avec  plus 
de  soin.  Je  me  disais  qu'un  homme, — car  c'etait  bien  un 
homme, — qui  avait  rempli  des  missions  secrfetes  sous  le 
costume  de  femme,  avant  de  prendre  officiellement  ce  cos- 
tume, avait  du  necessaii-ement  avoir  des  aveutures,  ou 
piquantes,  ou  terribles,  ayant  un  rapport  force  avec  le 
denouement  de  sa  carriere.  Je  crus,  meme  de  bonne  foi, 
avoir  trouve  la  piste  de  la  plus  grave  de  ces  aventures 
amoureuses  dans  les  lettres  d^audiences  noctwnes  accordees 
par  la  jeune  reine  d' Angleterre  au  Chevalier  d'Eon,  apres 
la  paix  de  1763,  paix  aussi  ne'cessaire  que  honteuse  pour 
la  France,  et  au  sujet  de  laquelle  la  presse  anglaise  accusa 
le  ministere  et  la  cour  de  s'etre  laisses  corrompre  ou 
seduire,  par  la  diplomatie  fran9aise. 

"  Mon  imagination  travailla  done,  et  11  resulta  de  ce 
travail  que  mon  livre  se  composa  d'une  partie  authentique 
et  dhme  partie  romanesque.  Malgre  cela,  ou  peut-etre  a 
cause  de  cela,  il  se  vendit  beaucoup;  jl  tel  point  que, 
depuis  longtemps,  on  n'en  trouve  plus  un  exemplaire  en 
librairie."  ,  - 

The  italics  are  mine.  M.  Gaillardet  tells  us  he 
was  often  requested  to  reproduce  a  new  edition — 
"  reduitealapartie  purementhistoriqueetserieuse," 
but  for  various  reasons  felt  disinclined  to  the  task. 
Some  years  afterwards  he  saw  the  announcement 
of  a  volume  on  the  subj  ect  of  the  Chevalier  D'Eon 
by  M.  Louis  Jourdan,  redacteur  du  S'iecle,  but 
the  title,  Un  Hermaphrodite,*  led  him  to  pay  no 
attention  to  it  till  he  met  M.  Jourdan  one  day  at 
the  office  of  the  Steele,  when  he  asked  him  to  send 
it  to  him.     This  M.  Jourdan  promised  to  do — a 


*  M.  Gaillardet  knew  that  the  Chevalier  was  a  man, 
but  the  mistake  in  his  first  edition  -was  his  supposing 
him  to  be  "  le  type  de  Faublas."  In  his  second  edition, 
■which  is  a  ver}"-  interesting  book,  and  we  presume  one 
which  may  be  depended  upon,  he  explains  the  strange 
conduct  of  the  Chevalier  in  certain  matters  to  have  arisen 
from  his  love  of  notoriety,  and  the  fact  that  "  il  etait  k 
peu  pres,  sinon  tout  a  fait  vierge." 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XI.  March  Ifi,  '67. 


promise  which,  however,  was  never  fulfilled.  Some 
time  afterwards  accident  brought  Tin  Hermaphro- 
dite under  the  notice  of  M.  Gaillardet,  who  found 
the  author  in  his  preface  boasting  of  the  numerous 
masses  "  de  documents  a  peine  soupqonnes  "  which 
he  had  had  to  wade  through  in  the  preparation 
of  his  hook,  while  he  passed  over  without  notice 
M.  Gaillardet's  previous  labours  in  the  same  di- 
rection. But  let  M.  Gaillardet  now  tell  his  own 
story :  — 

"  Or,  quelles  ne  furent  ma  surprise  et  ma  stupefaction, 
lorsque  je  retrouvai  la  reproduction  la  plus  complete  de 
raes  Me'moires,  non  seulement  dans  la  fond,  mais  aussi 
dans  la  forme,  non  seulement  dans  leur  partie  autlientique, 
mais  encore  et  surtout  dans  leur  partie  Active.  En  effet, 
c'est  surtout  ce  que  j'ai  invente,  ce  qui  est  faux  historique- 
ment  parlant,  qui  a  seduit  I'auteur  de  V Hermaphrodite  et 
lui  a  paru  constituer  la  reallte  la  moi7ts  contestable." 

Here  the  italics  are  M,  GaiUardet's. 

Of  the  301  pages  which  constitute  ZJm  Herma- 
2)hrodite,  222  are  taken  word  for  word  from  the 
Memoire  of  M.  Gaillardet  (whose  name  is  never 
once  mentioned),  the  few  remaining  pages  being 
an  abridgment  of  his  historical  introductions. 

We  will  not  follow  M.  Gaillardet  through  his 
curious  list  of  pure  fictions,  the  creation  of  his 
own  imagination,  which  prove  the  grossness  of 
the  plagiarism,  but  we  will  give  his  account  of  one 
of  these  in  his  own  words  and  with  his  oxen 
•moral :  — 

"La  meme  benif^ite  d'esprit  a  fait  adopter  k  mon  pla- 
giarie,  comme  articles  de  foi,  tout  ce  j'avais  cru  et 

DIT  Dies  AMOURS   DU  ChEVALIKU   D'EoX   AVKC  SoPHIE- 

Charlo'tte,  duciiesse  dk  Meciclembourg  devenue 
KEiNE  d'Angleterre.  II  reproduit  toujours  textuelle- 
ment  pages  81  et  83  les  reflexions  que  je  mets  dans  la 
bouche  de  mon  lie'ros  sur  ce  sujet.     Une  reine   A  de- 

VOKER  ETAIT,  a  ce  QU'IL  PARAIT,  UN  MORCEAU  TROP 
APPETISSANT   POUR   QU'lL  Y  REGARDAT  DE  PRES." 

I  have  called  the  reader's  special  attention  by 
small  capitals  to  the  more  striking  parts  of  this 
unblushing  announcement.  "When  I  say  that  in 
Un  Hermaphi-odite,  which  M.  Gaillardet  assures  us 
is  taken  almost  word  for  word  from  his  book,  this 
atrocious  fiction  of  the  intrigue  between  Queen 
Charlotte  and  D'Eon  is  referred  to  over  and  over 
again ;  that  we  have  in  it  minute  accounts  of  their 
stolen  interviews ;  that  George  IV.  is  again  and 
again  spoken  of  as  the  son  of  the  Chevalier,  and 
not  of  George  III. ;  that  the  King's  jealousy  is 
dwelt  upon ;  that  we  have  minute  details  of  his 
discovering  D'Eon  and  the  Queen  together  at  two 
o'clock  in  the  morning  at  an  assignation;  that 
all  the  love  passages  and  the  recriminations  are 
fuUy  detailed  as  part  of  the  fictions  which  M, 
Gaillardet  describes  himself  as  liaving  ''  cru  et 
dit " — with  what  overwhelming  force  do  his  own 
words  apply  to  himself,  "  Ujte  reine  a  devorer 

2TAIT,  A  CE  QTJ'IL  I'ARAT,  UN-  MORCEATT  TROP  AP- 
PETISSANT POUR  Qu'lL  Y  REGARDAT  DE  PRES." 

Here  then  we  have  this  atrocious  scandal  dis- 
avowed by  its  originator,  who  in  the  new  edition 


of  his  book,  which  has  for  its  running  title  La 
Verite  sur  la  Chevalier  d'Eon,  of  course  omits  all 
allusion  to  it. 

But  it  may  be  said,  the  story  is  so  absurd,  the 
book  in  which  it  is  propagated  so  little  known, 
that  it  is  surely  never  worth  taking  notice  of  it. 
My  answer  is,  that  a  calumny  such  as  this  should 
always  be  denounced  and  exposed ;  and  more 
especially,  as  it  has  been  put  into  print,  and  that 
too  in  a  book  which  professes  to  be  founded  on 
historical  materials.  In  the  latter  case  the  wrong 
is  indefinitely  increased;  for  it  is  liable  to  be 
quoted  without  suspicion,  and  received  as  true 
without  question.  This  verj''  scandal  has  been 
referred  to  as  recently  as  1858,  not  in  any  ob- 
scure publication  little  likely  to  be  referred  to, 
but  in  no  less  popular,  well-known,  and  fre- 
quently consulted  book  than  the  Nouvelle  Biorp-a- 
phie  Generale,  tome  xvi.  p.  103,  n.  1.  It  is  true 
that  the  ed*or  of  the  BiofjrapMe  doubts  the  truth 
of  the  story ;  but  nevertheless  in  this  work  of 
recognised  authority  M.  Gaillardet's  figment  is 
treated,  not  as  the  gross  libel  which  it  is,  but  as 
the  deliberate  statement  of  one  who  had  made  the 
life  of  the  alleged  partner  of  the  Queen's  miscon- 
duct his  special  study.  William.  J.  Thoms. 

P.S.  I  must  in  a  postscript  give  a  curious  pic- 
ture of  bookmaking  in  Paris  as  detailed  in  the  pre- 
face and  epilogue  of  the  book  before  us.  When 
M.  Gaillardet  discovered  the  daring  piracy  of 
which  he  had  been  the  victim,  he  commenced 
proceedings  to  recover  damages  against  M.  Dentu, 
the  publisher,  and  M.  Louis  Jourdan,  the  author 
of  Vn  Hermaphrodite.  M.  Jourdan  pleads  as  an 
excuse.  But  I  did  not  write  the  book.  It  was 
written  by  a  young  friend  of  mine,  then  unknown, 
"aujourdhui  honorablement  place  dans  le  jour- 
nalisme,"  who,  being  in  want  of  money,  at  my 
suggestion  that  he  should  examine  into  and  write 
the  Life  of  the  Chevalier  D'Eon,  undertook  the 
task,  and  after  some  time  brought  me  a  large 
MS.  Avhich  I  read,  revised,  and  signed.  The  jour- 
nalist E.  D.  who  really  apjvopriatedM.  Gaillardet's 
fictions  pleads  as  his  excuse  his  youth  and  his 
belief  that  they  were  historical  facts,  and  as  such 
common  property.  Sterne  would,  we  think, 
scarcely  have  applied  to  the  bookmaking  world 
of  Paris  his  well-worn  saying  —  "  They  manage 
these  things  better  in  France." 


A  GEXERAL  LITERARY  INDEX :  INDEX    OF 

AUTHORS. 

Part  III.  Index  of  Collections. 

(1^'  S.  ii.  205;  S^^  S.  x.  29,  116,  159,  488.) 

Sermones.  —  Of  these,  140  in  number  in  Beau- 

gendre's  edition,  two  only  are  found  in  the  Bib- 

liothecce:  1.  In   Isaiam   xxxv.   5 ;  2.  In  Luc.  xii. 

48 ;  and  before  the  poems,  Prosa  in  Natali  Domini. 


3'd  S.  XL  March  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


211 


The  subjects  of  all  the  Condones  are  given  in 
Darling's  Cyclopcedia  Biblioyraphica. 

Hnyiographa  sen  Vitce,  ^-c. — Vita  S.  Radegundis 
Reo-ince,  vide  Acta  Sanctonon  BoUandi  et  Surii, 
April  29.  Hildebert  has  borrowed  every  part  of 
this  history  from  Venautius  Fortunatus,  lib.  x. 
See  Fabricii  Bibl.  Med.  Lat. — Yita  S.  Hugonis, 
Abbatis  Cluniacensis,  prosario  sermone,  Acta 
Sanctorum^  BoUandi  et  Surii,  13  Aug.;  Biblio- 
theca  Cluniacensis,-p-p.  413 — 66.  St.  Hugh,  Abbot 
of  Cluni,  was  a  prince  related  to  the  sovereign 
house  of  the  Dukes  of  Burgundy.  Several  of  his 
letters  are  published  by  Marrier  and  Duchesne  in 
their  Bibl.  Cluniac.  pp.  498 — 502. 

Libe7-  de  queriinonia  et  conjlictu  carnis  et  spiritus, 
partly  in  prose,  partly  in  verse,  v.  Hommey.  Of 
the  elegance  of  the  latter  the  following  is  cited  as 
a  specimen  in  the  Histoire  Litteraire  :  — 

"  AngusUe  fragilisque  domusjam  jamque  mentis 

Hospita,  servili  conditione  premor. 
Et  tanquam  gravibus  vinclis,  sen  carcere  clausa 

Spem  libertatis  vix  superesse  licet. 
Tristejugum  cervice  gero,  gravibusque  catenis, 

Proh  dolor !  ad  mortem  non  moritura  trahor." 

Metrica.  — The  Latin  poems  enumerated  by 
Leyserus  in  his  Ilistoiia  Poetarum  et  Poematum 
Medii  AHvi  establish  the  fact  recorded  of  our  pre- 
late in  the  Bibl.  Cluniac.  p.  1641,  "semper  in  ver- 
sibus  scribendis,  qui  et  ipse  descripsit  luculenter 
vitam  prsefati  sancti  Hugonis  Domini  sui  et  Ab- 
batis." 

1.  Vita  S.  MaricB  JEr/T/ptiacee,  versibus  leoninis, 
v.  Acta  Sanctorum  BoUandi  et  Surii,  April  2  :  — 

"  Paulus,  diaconus  Neapolitanas  ecclesise,  transtulit  de 
Grffico  in  Latinum  vitam  sanctfe  Marise  ^gj-ptiacse  quam 
Sophronius  Hierosolymit.  Episcopus  Gra;ce  scripserat. 
Hanc  vitam  postea  carmine  reddidit  Hildebertus  C.  E. 
ut  Henric.  Gandavensis  in  Catalogo  c.  viii.  narrat."  — 
Sigebcrt.  Gemblacensis  in  Fabricii  Bibl.  Eccles.  p.  101. 

The  legend  of  a  lion  assisting  in  the  burial  of 
Mary  of  Egypt  (see  Butler's  Lives,  April  9)  is  re- 
lated also  in  the  Golden  Legend.  For  different 
species  of  leonine  verses,  see  Sir  Alexander  Croke's 
Essay  on  Rhyminy  Latin  Verse,  1828. 

2.  De  ordine  Missa,  v.  Bibl.  Pair.  1618,  t.  xii. 
350.  Bibl.  Maxima  Patr.  xxi.  351.  Hittorp.  i. 
839 — 48.  Fabricii  Bibliotheca  Antiquaria,  where 
it  is  inserted  sub  nomine  Massenii  Senonensis, 
although  Fabricius  himself  attributes  it  to  Hil- 
debert in  his  Notes  to  Trithemius,  p.  88. 

3.  Epitaphium  in  Berenyarimn,  v.  Malmesbury, 
ut  supra,  Baronius,  ut  supra,  and  Bibl.  Maxima, 
t.  xxi.  p.  168. 

4.  De  Urbe  Roma.  v.  Hommey,  Suppl.  Patr. 
p.  456. 

Roma  Diruta.  —  He  writes  with  admiration  of 
the  godlike  sculptures  and  animated  busts  which 
survived  the  fall  of  Rome  — 

"  Hie  superura  formas  superi  mirantur  et  ipsi, 
Et  cupiumt  fictis  vultibus  esse  pares." 


On  the  distich  beginning  with  Urbs  felix,  cited 
supra,  see  Usserii  Ojyp.  ii.  192,  3. 

Roma  Reparata  atque  ex  Christiana  Religione 
illustrior. 

"  Castrorum  vis  ilia  perit,  ruit  alta  senatus 
Gloria,  procumbunt  templa,  theatra  jacent. 

Ista  jaoent  ne  forte  mens  spem  ponat  in  illis 
Civis  et  evacuet  spemque  bonumque  crucia. 

Crux  aides  alias,  alios  promittit  honores, 
Militibus  tribuens  regna  superna  suis. 

Quis  gladio  Caesar,  quis  soilicitiidine  Consul, 
Quis  Rhetor  lingua,  qua  mea  castra  manus 

Tanta  delere  potest  ?   studiis  et  legibus  horum 
Obtinui  terras,  crux  dedit  una  polum." 

6.  Martyriu7n  S.  Aynetis,  v.  Barthii  Adversaria^ 
lib.  xxxi.  c.  13.  Her  acts  are  as  ancient  as  the 
seventh  century,  see  Butler,  Jan.  21. 

6.  Liber  de  queri?nonia,  &c.  ut  siqyra,  et  Vine. 
Bellovac.  p.  1040. 

7.  De  Concordia  Vet.  et  Novi  Testamenti,  v. 
Hommey.  The  title  of  these  eucharistic  verses 
led  Walch  to  conclude  them  to  be  an  exegetic 
treatise. 

In  Hommey's  Preface  is  the  following  notice : — 

"  Supplementum    S.   Hildeberti  venustate  et  religione 

insignes  hos  recludit  tractatus De  Concordia,  &e. 

Cap.  2.  inter  alia  expresss  meminit  transubstantiationis. 
adeo  hfec  vox  non  sit  aeque  nova,  quod  latrare  solent  quo- 
tidie  Novatores. 

"In  Christi  carnem  panis  substantia  transit.  .... 
Adjecimus  Epistolis  (these  are  not  inserted  here)  epi- 
graphen,  varias  lectiones  et  notas,  quibus  omnibus  multa 
Hildeberti  prtesertim  nostrique  sasculi  elucidantur  Monu- 
menta,  Historici,  Concilia,  Patres,  disciplina  Ecclesias- 
tica,  mores  Christiani,  Catholica  fides."  Vide  pp.  462 — 
5-15. 

8.  Oratio7ies  Theologicce,  v.  Hommey.  Vine. 
Bellovac.  ibid. 

9.  De  sua  exilio,  v.  Hommey.  Vine.  Bellovac. 
"  Elegia  elegans  de  instabilitate  fortunae."  Ley- 
serus. Vine.  Bellovac.  In  a  noble  spirit  of  defiance 
to  Fortune, 

"  I  care  not.  Fortune,  what  j'ou  me  deny," 
he  inculcates  the  constancy  of  the  laws  of  Nature, 
and  the  presiding  presence  of  a  Deity. 

•■'  Ille  manens  dum  cuncta  movet,  mortalibus  jegris 
Consulit,  et  quo  sit  spes  statuenda  docet." 

10 — 14.  De  Sacramentis,  v.  Hommey. 
15 — 17.  Hymni  et  orationes,  v.  ut  crw^eviii. 
18.  De  Creatione  Mundi,  et  operibus  sex  dierum, 
V.  Leyserus :  — 

"  De  septima  die. 
"  Hac  in  luce  Deus  requievit  ab  omnibus  illis 
QuiB  perpetrarat.     Hgec  quoque  dicta  nota. 
Num  Deus  humano  defessus  more  quievit .' 

Vel  qui  nostra  quies  est,  labor  hunc  domuit  ? 
Non  sic.     Sed  Domini  cessare  quiescere  dicit. 

Xam  nova  cessavit  condere  tunc  opera. 
Quod  si  parspicias  animo  subtilius  ista 
Quod  dici  possit  altius  invenies. 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3^^  S.  XI.  March  1G,  '67. 


Xos  operaniur  ob  hxc  operum  mercede  vivaci 
Ut  requiescamus.     Sed  Deltas  aliter.     _ 

Nenipe  Deus  mundum  sola  bonitate  creavit, 
Indlguit  mundl  non  tamen  ille  bonis ; 

Et  nee  In  his  sed  ab  his  requlevlt,  nuUius  horum 
Indigus,  et  trlbuens,  non  requiem  accipiens. 
"  '  God  rested  on  'the  seventh  daj-.'  Now  in  this  ex- 
pression," savs  Schlegel,  '••  there  is  nothing  to  startle  us. 
In  explaining  it  there  is  no  need  to  have  recourse  to  a 
figurative  interpretation.  It  does  not  allude  to  Gods 
inmost  nature  (which  admits  not  of  such  alternation  of 
states  or  need  of  rest),  but  simply  to  His  external  opera- 
tions. For  in  everv  case  when  an  operation  of  the  Deity 
takes  place,  -whether  in  history  or  nature,  an  alternation 
between  the  first  divine  impulse  and  a  subsequent  period 
of  repose  is  not  only  conceivable  but  actuaUy  noticeable. 
For  the  di\-ine  impulse  or  hand  is,  as  it  were,  withdrawn, 
in  order  that  the  first  impulse  of  the  Creator  may  fully 
expand  itself,  and  that  the  creature  adopting  it  may 
carrv  it  out  and  develope  his  own  energies  in  accordance 
therewith.  But  instead  of  this  correct  statement,  we 
have  in  the  Hindoo  cosmogonv,  that  '  Brahma  sleeps.' 
While  he  thus  slumbers,  the  whole  creation,  with  its 
■worlds  and  mundane  developments,  is  said  to  collapse 
into  nought.  Here,  then,  a  single  world  hurries  us  from 
the  sure  "ground  of  truth  and  divine  revelation  tato  the 
shifting  domain  of  mythologv."— Schlegel's  Philosophy/  of 
Life,  p.  87:  Bohn's  Standard  Library.  Cf.  White's 
JBampton  Lectures,  p.  247. 

19.  Versus  de  Excidio  Trojce. 

"  Forte  Hildeberti  etiam  sunt.  Certe  lectu  non  indi.gni 
sunt,  ideoque  hie  inserantur." — Leyserus,  pp.  398 — 408. 

20,  21,  MS3. ;  22,  ut  ante  8  et  ap.  Usserium 
de  Si/tnbolis  {0pp.  vii.  339—42);  23—26, 
MSS.";  27,  Li  Antichristum  ct  spirituales  ejus 
Mios.  Leyserus  refers  to  Varia  docforum  piorum- 
que  virormn  de  corriqjto  ecdesice  statu  poemata  per 
Mattli.  Flacium  ("  very  rare  and  curious,"  Watt), 
and  others  unpublished.  Amongst  those  not  here 
enumerated,  and  which  will  be  found  in  Beau- 
gendre's  edition,  is  Phisiologus,  an  account  of 
which  is  given  in  "X.  &  Q."  !•'  S.  ii.  205,  vi. 
87.     Cf.  Hist.  Litteraire,  xi.  p.  373.  I 

Dupin  has  noticed  Hildebert"s  non-observance  ! 
of  the  rules  of  quantity,  and  says  his  Sermons  are 
foibles  et  languissans.  He  sometimes  substitutes  j 
the  Greek  for  the  Latin  idiom,  as  at  the  end  of 
his  Seryno  synodicus  in  Luc.  xii.  "Cum  venerit 
judicare  vivos  et  mortuos"  (Bihl  Patr.  1618,  xii. 
357,  Bibl.  Ma.vima,  1777,  xxi.  172.  His  bio- 
grapher, however,  in  Histoire  Litteraire,  has  ex- 
pressed his  belief  that  had  Dupin  been  more  con- 
versant with  his  Sermons  he  would  have  given  a 
more  favourable  judgment,  p.  354. 

"Xous  rapporterons,"  says  he,  p.  278,  "seulement  ici 
deux  vers,  qui  marquent  I'estime  et  le  cas  qu'on  faisoit 
de  sa  personne  et  de  sesouvrages.  11  n'est  presque  aucun 
historien,  ni  autre  ecrivain,  qui  parlant  d'Hildebert  ne 
cite  ces  deux  vers,  sans  toutefois  nous  faire  connoitre  le 
poete : — 

" '  Inclitus  et  prosa  versuque  per  omnia  primus 
Hildebertus  olet  prorsus  ubique  rosam.'" 

BiBLIOTHECAE.  ChETHAM. 


A  Good  Hint.  —  Your  correspondent  Me. 
James  Hexey  Dixo>^'s  oiler  (3'=^  S.  xi.  71)  to 
present  his  copy  of  Tiie  Count  of  Gabalis  to  the 
national  library  has  reminded  me  of  a  suggestion 
I  have  long  thought  of  making  through  your 
pages. 

I,  in  common  I  suppose  with  every  one  else  who 
has  had  occasion  to  spend  much  time  in  minute 
research  among  the  by-ways  of  literature,  have 
often  suffered  from  the  fact  that  the  British 
Museum,  rich  as  it  is,  almost  beyond  imagination, 
is  yet  very  far  from  complete  in  the  pamphlet 
literature  and  local  publications  of  the  last  cen- 
tury and  a  half.  I  know  from  experience  that 
the  authorities  for  some  years  past  have  done 
very  much  towards  supplying  these  deficiencies ; 
but  it  is  next  to  impossible  to  pick  up,  when 
wanted,  a  worthless  book  which  at  another  time 
one  might  refuse  as  a  present.  The  consequence 
is,  that  the  time  of  readers  and  officials  is  daily 
wasted  by  hunting  without  success  in  the  cata- 
logues for  some  trumpery  volume,  a  copy  of  which 
might  perhaps  be  purchased  at  the  next  book- 
stall for  threepence. 

I  know  that  there  are  numbers  of  persons  like 
your  correspondent,  who  would  be  glad  to  give 
books  of  this  class  to  the  British  Museum  library 
if  they  thought  that  they  were  wanted.  I  would 
suggest  therefore,  that,  at  the  end  of  each  year, 
the  list  of  desiderata  as  entered  in  the  large  white 
ledger — familiar  to  so  many  of  your  readers  as 
the  only  book  belonging  to  the  Museum  that 
readers  may  scribble  in  with  impunity — should 
be  printed  and  widely  circulated.  If  this  were 
done,  I  feel  sure  that  the  national  collection  would 
receive  a  large  quantity  of  presents. 

This  hint  is,  as  far  as  I  know,  new  in  England. 
It  has  not,  however,  the  merit  of  originality.  I 
have  lying  before  me,  while  I  write,  a  small  quarto 
pamphlet  of  thirty-six  pages,  like  a  bookseller's 
catalogue,  entitled  — 

"  Desiderata  der  Kaiserlichen  OefFentlichen  Bibliothek 
zu  St.  Petersburg,  fiir  deren  Erwerbung  sie  die  verhalt- 
nissmassig  hiJchsten  Preise  zu  zahlen  bereit  ist." 

K.  P.  D.  E. 
Scotch  Records. — Every  person  interested  in 
historical  researches  receives  with  great  delight 
the  Annual  Report  of  the  Deputy  Keeper  of  Re- 
cords in  England.  What  is  being  done  in  Scot- 
land ?  What  progress  is  being  made  in  order  to 
secure  Indexes  ?  When  will  Indexes  of  Wills  in 
the  Sheriff  Court  Books  be  made,  and  where  is 
any  report  of  the  state  of  such  wills,  and  of  the 
period  of  time  from  which  they  date  ?  AVhere  is 
any  information  to  be  obtained  of  the  Commissary 
Books,  and  what  Indexes  of  them  exist  ?  Could 
not  a  clause  be  introduced  in  the  Scotch  Writs 
Registration  Bill  now  before  Parliament,  to  move 
on  the  Scotch  officials  to  take  measures  to  make 
the  public  records  known  ?  F. 


S'd  S.  XI.  March  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


213 


Ltjcktbird.  —  Here,  in  the  North  Riding,  the 
first  person  who  enters  a  house  on  Christmas  Day- 
morning  is  called  a  Luckybird.  But  if  it  he  a 
woman  or  girl  who  first  enters,  the  luck  that 
comes  with  her  will  be  ill  and  not  good  ;  and  if 
it  be  a  fair-haired  man,  the  result  is  almost  as 
serious. 

The  Luckybird  must  be  of  the  male  sex,  and 
must  have  dark  hair  and  complexion,  or  some- 
thing evil  will  befal  the  household. 

It  becomes  then  a  matter  of  importance  to  settle 
beforehand  who  the  Luckybird  shall  be.  Li  my 
grandfather's  time  a  dark-haired  man  was  specially 
retained  in  this  office  during  many  years ;  and  I 
learnt  yesterday  that  arrangements  had  been  suc- 
cessfully made  to  obtain  good  luck  at  this  present 
Christmas. 

The  person  who,  under  ordinary  circumstances, 
would  first  enter  this  house  is  a  man,  and  a  dark- 
haired  man;  but  it  is  to  him,'according  to  kitchen 
belief,  that  we  owe  the  introduction  of  the  cattle 
plague  into  our  borders,  and  this  misfortune  is 
more  than  enough  to  counteract  the  virtue  of  his 
sex  and  his  dark  hair.  So  a  small  hoy  of  the 
village,  black-haired  and  black-eyed,  was  fixed 
upon  by  the  servants ;  and  he,  knowing  how  much 
depended  on  his  wakefulness,  appeared,  first  of  all 
living  things,  at  the  back-door  yesterday  morn- 
ing, and  received  his  promised  shilling  from  the 
cook. 

Thus,  by  this  simple  and  obvious  expedient, 
we  are  secured  against  ill-luck  until  Christmas, 
1867.  Akxhtjr  Munbt. 

Dec.  26,  186G. 

Kippis's  "BioGRAPHiA  Britannic  A." — Permit 
me  to  make  a  memorandum  in  your  pages  of  the 
fact  that  there  is,  in  the  Gentleman's  Mag.,  1811, 
i.  239,  a  list  of  the  names  of  the  contributors  to 
Dr.  Kippis's  edition  of  the  Biographia  Britannica, 
5  vols.  fol.  1777—93.*  K.  P.  D.  E. 

The  Koh-i-Nitr  Diamond. — The  Koh-i-Nur, 
according  to  Hindu  tradition,  was  discovered  in 
the  bed  of  the  Godaveri  river,  near  Mamlipatam ; 
and  during  the  MaharBharata  was  worn  by  Kama, 
Raja  of  Anga,  who  was  killed  during  the  course 
of  that  great  war ;  but  it  has  not  as  yet  been 
ascertained  who  succeeded  to  it  after  his  death. 

It  formed  part  of  the  spoil  taken  by  the  Em- 
peror Baber,  after  the  battle  of  Panipat  in  a.d. 
1526;  in  which  Ibrahim,  Lodi,  and  Bikramajit, 
son  of  Man_  Singh,  Raja  of  Gualiar,  were  both 
killed,  and  is  said  to  have  come  into  the  Dehli 
treasury  consequent  upon  the  conquests  of  Ala-u- 
din  in  Malwa,  a.d.  1304—1306;  but  what  par- 

[*  A  list  of  contributors  to  the  first  edition  of  the 
Biographia  Britannica,  7  vols.  fol.  1747 — 66,  appeared  in 
"N.  &Q."2"dS.  i.  455.— Ed.] 


ticular  Hindu  family  it  was  taken  from  is  not 
mentioned.  N.  S.  M. 

The  ''BcEtTF  Gras."  —  The  newspapers  have 
recorded,  as  usual  at  this  season,  the  procession  of 
the  Bmif  Gras,  or  fat  ox,  through  the  streets  of 
Paris,  on  Shrove  Tuesday ;  but  as  few  are  aware 
of  the  origin  of  this  custom,  it  may  be  well  to 
explain  it  in  "  N.  &  Q."  For  many  centuries, 
Lent  was  observed  throughout  the  Church  by  a 
total  abstinence  all  through  from  flesh  meat ;  in- 
deed, this  continued  to  be  the  usage  among  Catho- 
lics, in  most  countries,  even  iu  the  last  century. 
But  as  it  was  necessary  to  provide  meat  for  the 
sick  and  infirm,  one  butcher,  but  one  only,  was 
allowed_  in  each  town  to  sell  meat  for  the  sick. 
This  privilege  was  granted  to  the  one  who  ex- 
hibited the  best  fat  ox.  The  butcher  thus  licensed, 
proud  of  his  privilege,  and  anxious  to  make  it 
widely  known,  paraded  his  fat  beast  through  the 
streets.  Hence  came  the  custom,  still  observed  in 
Paris,  of  the  gay  procession  of  the  B(puf  Gras, 
with  horns  gilt,  and  the  animal  decorated  with 
ribbands  and  other  ornaments ;  though  the  cere- 
mony has  now  no  better  significancy  than  the 
credit  of  the  exhibitor.  F.  C.  H. 


iSiuerieS. 


"  ^Elia  L^lia  Crispis." — In  Wheeler's  Diet. 
of  the  Noted  Names  of  Fiction  (Bell  &  Daldy, 
London,  1866,)  is  a  tolerably  lengthy  article  on 
this  old  enigmatical  inscription.  At  the  end  of  it 
is  the  following  quotation :  — 

"  I  might  add  what  attracted  considerable  notice  at  the 
time,— and  that  is  my  paper  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine upon  the  inscription  ^lia  Lalia,  whith  I  subscribed 
(Edipus."— Sir  W.  Scott. 

I  have  made,  as  I  thought,  a  careful  search 
through  the  indices  of  the  Gent.  Mag.  at  the 
British  Museum,  but  fail  to  find  the  communica- 
tion Sir  Walter  speaks  of.  Can  any  reader  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  assist  me  ?  Henry  Moody, 

3,  Pump  Court,  Temple. 

Angelits  Bell.  —  Would  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents be  good  enough  to  furnish  me  with 
inscriptions  from  bells  that  were  supposed  to  have 
been  used  for  ringing  the  "Angelus"?  These 
would  bear  some  form  of  the  Angelic  Salutation. 
John  Piggot,  Jtjn. 

Bath  Brick.  —  Will  some  correspondent  of 
"N.  &  Q."  kindly  inform  me  where,  how,  and  of 
what  materials,  the  so-called  "  bath  brick "  is 
made  ?  D. 

Richard  Booth. — I  should  be  glad  of  informa- 
tion about  Alderman  Richard  Booth,  who  was 
living  in  1700,  his  family  or  descendants. 

QUERCTTBUS. 


214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XL  Makch  16,  '67. 


Coffins  at  Charlotte  Town.— The  following 
qnestion  is  asked  hy  Lieut.  Baines,  R.A.,  the 
young  officer  who  so  gallantly  saved  the  General 
Hospital  at  the  cost  of  his  life  during  the  late  fire  at 
Quebec.  It  occurs  in  the  account  of  a  yachting 
cruise  on  Lake  Ontario,  Speaking  of  Charlotte 
Town,  he  writes :  — 

"  In  tlie  '  coffin  stores '  I  was  struck  with  a  peculiarity 
of  Yankee  coffins.  In  the  lid  of  each,  just  above  where 
the  face  of  the  corpse  would  come,  a  small  lozenge  of 
glass  about  eight  inches  long  is  inserted.  I  should  like 
to  know  the  origin  of  this  custom." 

Perhaps  you  can  throw  some  light  on  it. 

J.  S. 
Campanology. — The  Union  Review,  November, 
-   1866,   says,  "  The  Times  some  time  ago  had   a 
§^   paragraph  from  Galignani  about  a  bell  at  Ornolac 
<^   in  France,  dated  1079." 

'.       Could  any   reader  of  "N.  &  Q."  tell  me  the 
•^"  contents  of  the  ''  paragraph,"  and  whether  (if  the 
^  above  is  correct)  this  is  not  the  earliest  known 
^-  instance  of  a  dated  bell  ?        John  Piggot,  Jun. 
"^ 

Queen  Elizabeth's  Pkayee-Booe:.— By  what 
artist  are  the  woodcuts  in  the  Prayer-Book  called 
"Queen  Elizabeth's,"  reprinted  by  Pickering? 
In  the  administration  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  the 
table  is  represented  as  placed  east  and  west.  The 
communicants,  of  whose  persons  the  upper  part 
alone  is  visible,  appear  to  be  kneeling  at  such  a 
distance  from  the  table  as  to  allow  room  for  the 
celebrant  to  pass  round  it  and  administer  the 
elements.  Query,  then,  is  this  a  true  representa- 
tion of  the  administration  tempore  Elizabeth  R.  ? 
In  what  book  did  the  said  woodcuts  first  appear  ? 

E. 
Genealogical  Qtteet.— I  am  interested  in  the 
ancestry  of  a  gentleman  who  was  ordained  priest 
at  Chester  in  1760,  but  who,  during  the  ten  years 
previous  to  that  date,  preached  pretty  regularly 
at  the  churches  of  Dewsbury,  Osset,  Batley,  and 
other  places  in  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire. 
As  I  have  failed  at  York  or  elsewhere  to  discover 
any  authority  for  his  thus  officiating,  I  am  led  to 
ask— Were  laymen  allowed  to  preach  at  that  time 
in  the  churches  of  Yorkshire  ;  and  if  so,  by  whose 
authority  ?  H.  Fishwice:. 

Carr  Hill,  Rochdale. 

Harp. — Would  any  of  your  correspondents  in- 
form, me  by  whom  was  the  harp  brought  into 
Europe  —  not  the  lyre  of  the  Greeks,  but  the 
great  triangular-shaped  harp  as  used  by  the  an- 
cient Irish  and  Welsh,  and  as  seen  on  the  monu- 
ments of  Egypt  and  Assyria  ?  R.  R.  B. 

KiRTON  IN  Lindsey.  —  It  is  stated  in  Allen's 
History  of  Liiicolnshire,  ii.  32,  that — 

"  The  manor  of  this  place  anciently  formed  part  of  the 
possessions  of  the  Earls  of  Cornwall,  Robert  Mortaigne, 
the  first  earl  and  half  brother  to  William  the  Conqueror, 


receiving  a  grant  of  it  shortly  after  the  period  of  the  Nor- 
man Conquest.  The  manor  appears  afterwards  to  have 
been  separated  from  that  earldom,  Edward  the  Second 
granting  it  to  his  niece  Margaret,  the  widow  of  Piers 
Gaveston,  upon  her  marriage  with  Hugh  Audbej^  *  the 
Younger.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Third,  that  monarch 
granted  this  manor  to  William,  Earl  of  Huntingdon ;  and 
on  his  death  it  appears  to  have  become  the  property  of 
Edward  the  Black  Prince,  who  assigned  one-third  part  of 
it  to  Elizabeth,  the  widow  of  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 
and  the  remainder  to  the  Earl  of  Chandos.f  At  some 
subsequent  period  it  became  attached  to  the  Duchy  of 
Cornwall,  to  which  it  at  present  belongs." 

T  am  anxious  to  know  on  what  authority  the 
foregoing  statements  are  made.  ♦  Allen  never  gave 
references,  but  we  may  safely  conclude  that  his 
facts,  or  supposed  facts,  were  all  gleaned  from 
easily  accessible  printed  books.  I  shall  be  glad  of 
a  reference  to  anything  printed  or  manuscript 
illustrating  the  history  of  this  manor  as  part  of  the 
Duchy  of  Cornwall,  except  the  Court  Rolls  of  the 
manor,  the  Records  in  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall 
Office,  and  Norden's  Survey  of  1616,  of  the  exist- 
ence of  which  I  am  already  aware.  Cornub. 

Marriage  of  George  III.  or  IV.  (3"^  S'.  xi.  194.) 
Will  Safa  be  good  enough  to  say  what  is  his 
authority  for  stating  that  any  such  picture  was 
painted  at  a  cost  of  3000/.  ?  It  may  facilitate 
inquiry  upon  the  subject.  G. 

Poems.  —  I  would  feel  much  indebted  to  any 
of  your  readers  who  would  inform  me  where  I 
could  see  the  whole  or  any  portion  of  a  poem  on 
Napoleon  at  St.  Helena,  commencing  with  — 

"  Musing  on  power,  departed  glories  gone. 
The  conquered  conqueror,  stands  Napoleon. 
Dark  is  that  rock,  j-et  darker  still  his  brow, 
Where  chained  ambition  sits  despairing  now. 
Gloomy  that  sky,  yet  gloomier  far  his  fate, 
The  fiery  desolator  desolate  !  " 
I  saw  extracts  from  it  in  a  newspaper  when 
residing  in  Birmingham  about  the  year  1838,  but 
have  never  been  able  to  meet  with  it  since.     Also 
a  short  poem  entitled  ''  Man  was  made  for  this," 
and  containing  these  lines  — 

"  I  saw  him  scan  the  heavens,  and  pierce  through  nature's 
laws, 
And  read  the  secrets  of  the  deep,  and  tell  each  hidden 

cause ; 
But  his  spirit  beat  'gainst  its  mortal  cage 
As  eager  to  scan  an  ampler  page, 
For  the  brightness  of  each  diadem  star 
Only  told  of  a  something  lovelier  far. 
'Man  was  not  made  for  this." 

J.N. 
P.S.  I  believe  the  latter  was  written  by  a  youth 
of  great  promise,  who  was  soon  afterwards  acci- 


*  Hugh  de  Audley,  Courthope's  Nicolas's  Historic 
Peerage,  p.  214. 

t  There  never  was  an  Earl  of  Chandos.  Is  Roger  de 
Chandos,  a  baron  by  writ,  who  died  1353,  the  person 
meant  ? 


3"i  S.  XL  March  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


215 


dentally  drowned  at  Oscot  school  or  college,  near 
Birmingham. 
Melbourne,  Victoria,  Dec.  27, 1866. 

Phrases. — 1.  Whence  is  the  phrase  "  The  gift 
of  the  gab  "? 

2.  "  She  is  so  full  of  her  old  woman's  rock- 
staifa,"  i.  e.  wise  saws.  But  how  comes  the  phrase 
to  have  this  meaning  ?  W.  H.  S. 

Yaxley. 

Beatjfoy  Family. — Could  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  any  particulars  of  the  Beaufoy  family  ? 
One  of  them  was  member  for  Lambeth  in  1794, 
Others  hiive  long  resided  in  Birmingham, 

Senex, 

Pr^istomina  and  Xomi:na,  —  It  is  well  known 
to  scholars  that  several  Eoman  Gentile  names  are 
derived  from  praenomina  by  changing  the  -us  of 
the  pra^nomen  into  -ius  (ex.  Quintius,  Sextius, 
Marcius).  I  am  not  aware  that  it  has  been  noticed 
that  those  prsenomina  which  have  already  the 
ending  -ius  have  been  formed  into  patronymics  by 
changing  -ius  into  -ilius.  The  examples  are — 
Pubiius,  Lucius,  Manius,  Servius,  which  become 
Publilius,  Lucilius,  Manilius  (and  perhaps  by 
contraction  Manlius),  Servilius.  It  is  worth  while 
to  remark  this  fact,  to  prevent  false  derivations  of 
these  names,  such  as  that  of  Servilius  from  "  ser- 
vilis."  Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  can  tell  me 
whether  I  have  been  anticipated,  and  where  I  can 
find  any  information  respecting  the  origin  of  the 
designations  of  the  Roman  gentes,  and  the  manner 
in  which  they  were  conferred.  C,  Q.  R.  M. 

"  Eagle  of  Sicily." — Perhaps  Mr.  Botjtell 
will  be  good  enough  to  explain  (since  I  can  find 
uo  description  of  such  an  heraldic  bird  in  any 
published  work),  what  is  the  distinction  between 
the  Sicilian  Eagle,  borne  amongst  the  armorial 
devices  of  a  family  named  Browne  {vide  Burke's 
Lauded  Gentry)  and  other  aquilae. 

This,  so  to  speak,  localisation  of  birds  and 
Enimals  is  comparatively  rave  in  heraldry.  We 
have  the  "  Cornish  Chough,"  the  "  Bengal  Tiger," 
''  the  Roman  Eagle,"  the  "  Chinese  Dragon,"  the 
'■'  Gallic  Cock."  "The  Danish  Raven,  British  Lion, 
Yv'hite  Horse  of  Saxony,  &c.  belong  to  a  different 
category.  Sp. 

Queries  respectotg  St.  Michael's  Mount, 
IN  Cornwall. — St.  Michael's  Mount,  as  is  well 
known,  is  an  island  at  every  high  water,  and,  ex- 
cept in  very  rare  instances,  a  peninsula  at  every 
low  water.  There  are  strong  geological  and  his- 
torical reasons  for  believing  that  it  possessed  this 
character  long  before  the  commencement  of  the 
Christian  era.  Carew  and  many  other  writers 
state  that  its  name  in  the  British  language  indi- 
cates that  within  the  period  defined  by  the  use  of 


this  language  in  Cornwall,  the  Mount  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  wood. 

The  name  is  variously  given  by  different 
authors. 

The  name  and  translation  are  not  unfrequentJy 
given  on  the  authority  of  Florence  of  Worcester, 
and  occasionally  on  that  of  William  of  Worcester. 
In  his  Chronicle,  however,  Florence  is  entirely 
silent  as  respects  both  the  name  and  its  interpre- 
tation. Indeed,  he  neither  mentions  nor  alludes 
to  the  Mount  in  any  way.  William  gives  a 
somewhat  elaborate  account  of  the  Mount,  but, 
without  giving  the  British  name,  says  it  was 
"  formerly  called  le  Hore  rok  in  the  Wo'dd." 

Will  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  be  so  good  as  to 
favour  me  with  information  on  the  following 
points  ?  — 

1.  The  earliest  trustworthy  authority  for  the 
British  name. 

2.  How  the  different  forms  in  which  it  is  given 
are  to  be  accounted  for. 

3.  The  probability  that  the  exact  meaning  of  a 
name  given  long  before  the  Christian  era  can 
be  correctly  translated  by  any  existing  British 
scholar. 

4.  If  probable,  what  is  the  correct  translation  ? 

5.  How  the  different  translations  are  accounted 
for.  Wm.  Pengelly. 

Lamorna,  Torquay. 

Tennyson  :  Elaine. — Can  any  of  the  contri- 
butors to  "■  N.  &  Q."  enable  me  to  identify  the 
localities  of  Camelot,  of  the  river  so  frequently 
mentioned  in  the  poem,  of  Astolat,  of  the  place 
where  Arthur  held  his  court — 

"  nigh  the  place  which  now 
Is  this  world's  hugest "  ; 

also  of  the  burial-place  of  Elaine  — 

"  that  shrine  which  then  in  all  the  realm 
Was  richest"  ? 

Denkmal, 

ZeNO  :     '^  POLYMANTEIA  "  :   QUOTATION.  —  Will 

you  kindly  favour  me  with  some  information  as 
to  the  following  queries  ?  — 

1.  When  did  Zeno,  the  originator  of  the  set  of 
Homeric  critics  called  Chorizontes  or  Separatists, 
live,  and  was  he  famous  on  any  other  account  ? 

2.  Who  was  the  author  of  a  work  in  English 
called  Pohjmanteia,  and  where  can  a  copy  of  it  be 
seen? 

3.  Where  do  the  following  lines  occur  ?  — 
"  The  treasures  of  the  deep  are  not  so  precious 

As  are  the  concealed  comforts  of  a  man 
Wrapped  up  in  woman's  love." 

Pierce  Egan,  Jun. 

60,  St.  John's  Park,  Upper  Holloway. 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Makch  16,  67, 


Quotations  wjjs-ied.— 1.    "Corruptio   optimi  : 
pessima."  | 

2.  "  The  cold  shade  of  the  aristocracy."  | 

H.  H.     I 

Oxford. 

[  1.  The  first  quotation  has  been  unsuccessfully  inquired  I 
after  twice  in  our  pages,  1*'  S.  v.  321;  ix.  173.  | 

2.  This  phrase  first  occurs  in  Sir  W.  F.  P.  Xapier's 
History  of  the  Peninsular  War,  edit.  1851,  ii.  401 :  "  Xa-  ' 
poleon's  troops  fought  in  bright  fields  where  every  helmet 
caught  some  beams  of  glory ;  but  the  British  soldier  con-  , 
quered  under  the  cold  shade  of  aristocracy."     Similar  ex-  j 
pressions  occur  also  in  vol.  iv.  p.  166  and  vol.  v.  p.  96.]       j 


In  Wheeler's  edition  of  Anthon's  Horace,  Car. 
lib.  II.  11,  notes  to  v.  24,  we  read  "  Datque  comas 
divellere  ventis  more  Spartanse  virginis"  as  a 
quotation  from  Virgil's  ^neid,  i.  35.  The  refer- 
ence is  wrong,  and  I  cannot  find  it  anywhere  in 
Virgil.  Some  months  ago  I  wrote  to  the  editor 
(Mr.  Wheeler),  asking  him  to  correct  the  refer- 
ence, but  he  took  no  notice  of  my  letter. 

J.  J.  P. 

[We  have  referred  to  Mr.  Wheeler's  work,  and  there 
the  alleged  passage  from  Virgil  does  certainly  occur.  In 
Virgil's  own  writings  it  does  not  exist ;  nor  can  it,  for 
metrical  reasons  sufficiently  obvious.  Under  the  reference 
given  by  Mr.  Wheeler,  Virgil,  jEneid,  i.  35,  will  be  found 
nothing  of  the  kind.  For  j^neid,  i.  35,  however,  read 
^neid,  i.  315,  and  we  find  the  expression  "  et  virginis 
arma  Spartante  "  —  nothing  nearer.  On  referring  to  An- 
thon's Horace,  edit.  1838,  we  find  no  citation,  as  from 
Virgil,  supporting  Mr.  Wheeler's.] 

"Glort  AifD  Shame." — ^Reading  the  other  day 
the  introduction  to  Dr.  Johnson's  Dictionary,  as 
originally  compiled,  I  fell  on  the  following  lines : — 

"At  length  Erasmus,  that  great  injured  name, 
The  glorj-  of  the  priesthood  and  the  shame, 
Stemm'd  the  wild  torrent  of  a  barbarous  age, 
And  drove  those  holy  bandits  oflf  the  stage." 

Are  these  lines  Pope's,  and  can  the  antithetical 
expression  in  the  second  line  be  traced  beyond  the 
writer,  whoever  he  was?  In  our  own  times  I 
know  it  has  been  twice  used  at  least;  first  by 
Byron  {Childe  Harold,  canto  4) — 

"  And  Tasso  was  their  glory  and  their  shame  " ; 
and  again  by  the  American  poet  Halleck  in  his 
admirable  verses  on  Burns,  whom  he  speaks  of  as 
the  glory  and  the  shame  of  Scotland.  I  have  a 
dim  notion  that  the  sentiment  is  as  old  as  one  of 
the  Latin  poets — Juvenal  runs  La  my  memory — 
and  would  be  glad  if  any  of  your  classical  readers 
are  able  to  verify  this  supposition.  F. 

Inverness. 

[See  Pope's  Essay  on  Criticism,  lines  693  to  696. 
Warburton  has  the  following  note  on  this  passage :  — 


"  Our  author  elsewhere  lets  us  know  what  he  esteems  to 
be  the  glory  of  the  priesthood  as  well  as  of  a  Christian  in 
general,  where,  comparing  himself  with  Erasmus,  he 
says, 

*  In  moderation  placing  all  my  glory,' 
and  consequently  what  he  regards  as  the  shame  of  it. 
The  whole  of  this  character  belonged  eminently  and 
almost  solely  to  Erasmus ;  for  the  other  reformers,  such  as 
Luther,  Calvin,  and  their  followers,  understood  so  little 
in  what  true  Christian  liberty  consisted,  that  they  car- 
ried with  them  into  the  Reformed  Churches  that  very  spirit 
of  persecution  which  had  driven  them  from  the  Church  of 
Rome."] 

Thomas  Southekn. — Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents give  me  any  information  with  respect 
to  the  following  subjects  ? — 

1.  Is  it  known  for  certain  of  what  parentage 
or  of  what  family  was  Thomas  Southern,  the  dra- 
matist, who  was  born  1659  and  died  1746  ?  Was 
he  of  a  family  residing  at  Shrewsbury  of  the  same 
name,  or  of  families  of  somewhat  similar  names, 
situated  in  Yorkshii-e,  Durham,  and  Nottingham  ? 

2.  Was  he  by  birth  English  or  Irish,  and  where 
was  the  place  of  his  nativity  ? 

3.  Was  he  educated  at  Oxford,  Cambridge,  or 
Dublin  ?  I  believe  that  the  two  last  named  uni- 
versities claim  him, 

4.  Where  was  he  bmied? 

5.  Did  he  leave  any  children ;  and  if  so,  where 
are  their  descendants  ? 

6.  Was  he  any  relation  to  the Southern 

who  was  clerk  of  the  Admiralty  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  II.,  and  is  mentioned  in  Pepys's  Diary  ? 

Chakles'  Sotheran. 

[The  life  of  thLs  eminent  dramatist  has  yet  to  be  written. 
Thomas  Southern  was  bom  at  Oxmantown  in  Dublin  in 
1660.  He  studied  in  that  university  for  four  years,  and 
in  1678  came  over  to  England,  where  be  immediately 
entered  himself  of  the  ^Middle  Temple.  Oldys,  in  his  MS, 
notes  to  Langbaine,  says,  "  I  remember  him  a  grave  and 
venerable  old  gentleman.  He  lived  near  Covent  Garden  ; 
and  used  often  to  frequent  the  evening  prayers  there, 
always  neat  and  decently  dressed,  commonly  in  black, 
with  his  silver  sword  and  silver  locks."  During  the  last 
ten  years  of  his  life  he  resided  in  AVestminster,  and  at- 
tended the  Abbey  church  very  constantly,  being  particu- 
larly fond  of  church  music.  His  ^^rtues  and  genius  were 
such,  that,  as  William  Whitehead  remarks, 

"  He  to  our  admiration  join'd  our  love." 

The  poet  Gray  tells  Walpole  in  a  letter  dated  from 
Bumham,  in  Buckinghamshire,  September,  1737,  that 
"we  have  old  Mr.  Southern  at  a  gentleman's  house  a 
little  way  off,  who  often  comes  to  see  us ;  he  is  now 
seventy-seven  years  old,  and  has  almost  wholly  lost  his 
memorj' ;  but  is  as  agreeable  an  old  man  as  can  be,  at  least 
I  persuade  myself  so  when  I  look  at  him  and  think  of 
Isabella  and  Oroonoko." 

Mr.  Southern  died  on  May  26,  1746,  in  the  eighty- 


3>^<i  S.  XL  March  IC,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


217 


sixth  year  of  his  age.  He  enjoj'ed  the  longest  life  of  all 
our  poets,  and  by  a  rigid  economy  died,  with  a  few  ex- 
ceptions, the  richest  of  them.] 

Candle-making  :  Gas. — Can  you  tell  me  where 
I  can  find  in  English,  French,  or  German  a  good 
account  of  the  history  of  candle-making,  and  of 
the  introduction  of  illumination  by  gas  ? 

F.  E.  S. 

[There  is  an  excellent  account  of  the  history  of  candle- 
making  in  A  Treatise  on  Chemistry  applied  to  the  Manu- 
facture of  Soap  and  Candles,  by  Campbell  Morfit  (Phila- 
delphia, 8  vo,  1856) .  Consult  likewise  Appleton's  Dictionary 
of  Mechanics  (New  York,  roj^al  8vo,  1852),  in  which  will 
be  found  also  a  long  article  on  the  manufacture  of  gas. 
It  was  in  1792  that  Mr.  Murdoch,  of  Eedruth,  Cornwall, 
conceived  the  project  of  applying  gas  to  purposes  of  arti- 
ficial illumination.] 

Valtjation  Eolls,  Scotland.  —  I  am  anxious 
to  have  a  complete  list  of  all  the  Valuation  Eolls  or 
"Eentalls"  of  counties  in  Scotland  previous  to 
1700  which  have  been  printed.  I  am  acquainted 
■with  the  following : — Orkney,  edited  by  Peterkin ; 
Perthshire,  by  Gloag ;  Eoxburghshire,  by  Scott ; 
Midlothian,  by  Macfarlane ;  and  Selkirk,  by  Scott. 
Perhaps  Mr.  Verb  Irving  or  Anglo-Scotus  will 
iindly  assist  me  to  complete  the  list.  Where  are 
the  originals  now  preserved  ?  F.  M.  S. 

[We  have  submitted  this  query  to  Mr.  Irving,  who 
has  kindly  forwarded  the  following  replj^ :  — 

"The  oldest  valuation  of  lands  in  Scotland  is  that 
called  'The  Auld  Extent,'  temp.  Alexander  III.  about 
1280.  In  1327  a  new  valuation  was  made,  which  was 
called  the  '  New  Extent.'  I  do  not  know  of  any  copy  of 
these  valuations  per  se,  but  if  F.  M.  S.  will  refer  to  the 
Inquisitiones  Speciales  published  by  the  Record  Commis- 
sion, he  will  easily  discover  the  value  put  upon  each 
holding.  Various  temporary  assessment  rolls  were  sub- 
sequently introduced,  until  the  Act  of  1670,  c.  3,  fixed 
the  valuation  of  1667  as  regulating  future  taxation,  espe- 
cially in  local  matters.  This  was  called  the  valued  rent, 
and  remained  the  rule  till  the  passing  of  the  Valuation 
Act  of  the  present  reign.  When  properties  became  di- 
vided, it  was  customaiy  for  the  parties  to  make  appli- 
cation to  the  Commissioners  of  Supply  with  the  view  of 
having  the  valuation  apportioned  between  them.  The 
course  of  proceeding  was  that  the  Commissioners  ap- 
pointed a  committee  of  their  body  to  inquire  into  what 
would  be  the  proper  proportion,  and  on  their  report 
amended  the  valuation  roll.  I  have  personally  served  on 
more  than  one  of  these  committees.  It  is  therefore  evi- 
dent that,  although  the  total  amount  of  valuation  re- 
mained the  same,  it  might  vary  in  particulars  from  year 
to  year  as  properties  were  divided  or  consolidated,  and  in 
consequence,  that  in  the  case  of  a  large  county  the  pub- 
lication of  the  roll  of  a  particular  year  was  not  worth 
the  expense  unless  there  was  something  in  the  history  of 
the  year  which  made  it  important,  and  even  then  I  be- 


lieve the  whole  useful  information  may  be  obtained  from 
other  sources  already  in  print,  such  as  the  li.st  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  Supply. 

"  As  to  the  place  of  preservation  of  ttie  originals,  it 
would  naturally  be  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  Supply.  In 
the  case  of  the  county  of  Lanark,  I  am  sorry  to  say  that 
some  of  our  earliest  records  were  destroyed  b\-  a  fire 
which  occurred  in  our  clerk's  office  some  fifty  or  sixty 
years  ago.  It  is  possible  that  duplicates  may  be  in  the 
General  Register  Office  at  Edinburgh,  but  I  cannot  speak 
positively.— George  Vere  Irving."] 


AGE  OF  ORDINATION  IN  SCOTLAND  IN  1682. 
(3^1  S.  xi.  75.) 
F.  M.  S.  is  evidently  unacquainted  with  eccle- 
siastical procedure  in  Scotland.  He  states  his 
belief  that  "licensing"  and  "ordination  "  are  one 
and  the  same.  This  is  a  decided  misapprehen- 
sion. The  act  oi  license  is  simply  an  authority  to 
preach.  The  licensed  person  is  termed  a  "  licen- 
tiate," or  "probationer"  or"  preacher."  Formerly 
he  was  termed  "  an  expectant."  He  possesses  no 
ecclesiastical  status,  cannot  dispense  sealimj-  ordi- 
nances, and  is  styled  "reverend"  only  by  courtesy. 
"Ordination"  is  not  necessarily  "induction  "  into 
a  charge ;  it  consists  in  the  solemn  imposition  of 
the  hands  of  the  presbytery  on  the  head  of  the 
probationer  who  has  received  a  pres^'ntation  or 
appointment  to  a  stated  ministerial  charge.  But 
the  act  of  ordination  implies  "  induction  "  into 
a  first  charge.  When  an  ordained  minister  ia 
translated,  or,  to  use  the  old  ecclesiastical  word, 
"  transported  "  to  another  charge,  he  is  simply 
inducted  into  his  new  office.  The  act  of  induction 
is  performed  by  the  brethren  of  the  Presbytery 
giving  the  presentee  "  the  right  hand  of  fellow- 
ship "  at  a  meeting  of  the  Eeverend  Court,  specially 
convened  for  the  purpose  in  the  place  of  his  future 
ministrations.  Addresses  by  a  member  of  court 
to  the  minister  and  congregation  accompany  both 
the  acts  of  "ordination  "  and  "induction."  The 
formal  handing  of  the  keys  of  the  chm-ch  has  long 
been  abandoned. 

F.  M.  S.  misapprehends  the  meaning  of  "  taking 
on  trials."  When  a  candidate  for  license  has  at- 
tended one  or  other  of  the  four  Scottish  Univer- 
sities eight  sessions  or  terms,  which  in  reality  are 
eight  years — viz.  four  at  the  classes  in  arts,  and 
four  at  the  theological  classes — he  is  received  "  on 
trial "  by  the  presbytery  within  whose  bounds  he 
ordinarily  resides.  "The  trials"  consist  in  the 
preparation  and  delivery  of  certain  prescribed  dis- 
courses, and  a  strict  examination  in  Latin,  Greek, 
Hebrew,  Natural  and  Mental  Philosophy,  Ma- 
thematics, Theology,  and  Church  History.  Six 
months  are  generally  occupied  in  the  conducting 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [3rd  s.  xi.  march  le,  '67. 


of  these  trials.  If  the  candidate  is  approved,  he 
receives  authority  to  preach  within  the  bounds  of 
the  presbyterj-,  which  is  tantamount  to  an  autho- 
rity to  preach  everywhere. 

Candidates  for  license  are  understood  to  have 
attained  the  age  of  twenty-one.  It  is  specially 
enacted  that  they  must  be  of  that  age  before  re- 
ceiving license.  '  There  is  an  exception,  seldom 
acted  upon,  in  regard  to  those  who  are  "  of  preg- 
nant parts."  Dr.  Thomas  Chalmers  was,  I  be- 
lieve, on  this  ground  licensed  a  little  before  com- 
pleting his  twenty-first  year. 

I  cannot  precisely  answer  F.  M.  S.'s  query  as  to 
the  age  at  which  persons  were  usually  licensed 
to  preach  at  the  date  of  1682,  but  I  am  inclined 
to  believe,  from  various  data  on  which  I  shall  not 
now  enter,  that  at  that  period  the  age  would 
generally  be  twenty-one.  About  the  same  period, 
I  should  be  inclined  to  think,  the  probation  would 
not  exceed  three  years — that  is,  three  years  might 
elapse  between  the  act  of  license  and  that  of  ordi- 
nation, consequent  on  a  presentation  to  a  living. 
It  follows  that  in  1682  clergymen  in  Scotland 
would  be  ordained  at  the  age  of  twenty-four. 
During  the  time  when  episcopacy  was  forced  iipon 
the  Scottish  people,  the  bishop  gave  license  instead 
of  the  presbytery. 

I  may  remark,  in  conclusion,  that  the  designa- 
tions of  ''clergyman"  and  "minister"  are  indis- 
criminately applied  north  of  the  Tweed  to  pastors 
of  all  denominations.  In  England,  a  clergyman 
of  the  Established  Church  would  be  shocked  to 
hear  a  Nonconformist  divine  styled  a  "clergy- 
man." The  English  Dissenter  does  not  claim  the 
designation  of  "clergyman;"  it  is  foreign  to  his 
taste.  "  Chaeles  Rogers,"  LL.D. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


In  reply  to  your  correspondent  F.  M.  S.,  who 
inquires  what  was  the  average  age  at  which 
clergymen  were  ordained  in  Scotland  at  the 
period  referred  to,  I  beg  to  state  that,  although 
episcopacy  was  the  established  religion,  it  was  so 
watered  down  to  conciliate  Presbyterian  preju- 
dices, that  in  the  working  of  the  system  there  Avas 
little  difference  between  it  and  its  rival.  Of 
course  the  great  fact  that  the  dioceses  were  filled 
with  duly  consecrated  bishops  stamped  it  as  a 
church ;  but  the  bishop's  functions  seem  to  have 
been  confined  to  his  presiding  at  ordinations,  and 
sitting  in  diocesan  synods  as  perpetual  moderator. 
A  more  mild  and  inoftensive  episcopacy  is  scarcely 
conceivable.  The  "  Presbytery  of  the  Bounds  " 
managed  matters  much  the  same  as  now.  Young 
students  stood  their  trials  before  it.  When  found 
qualified,  the  Presbytery  reported  to  the  bishop, 
and  the  bishop  issued  his  "  license." 

Your  correspondent  is  in  error  when  he  pre- 
sumes that  "  licensing  "  corresponds  to  "  ordina- 
tion" in  England.     Then,  under  episcopacy,   as 


now,  imder  Presbytery,  ordination  did  not  take 
place  until  the  licensed  preacher  obtained  a  paro- 
chial incumbency ;  when  ordination  and  induction 
to  the  living  went  together.  The  probationer, 
although  licensed  to  preach,  was  a  mere  layman ; 
he  could  conduct  the  ordinaiy  worship  in  the 
congregation,  but  was  not  allowed  to  baptise,  to 
celebrate  the  Holy  Communion,  nor  to  solemnise 
marriages.  The  same  system  is  still  in  operation 
in  the  Scottish  estabhshment,  and  in  the  Presby- 
terian bodies  which  have  separated  from  it. 

As  to  the  age  of  the  young  probationers,  I 
have  seen  the  license  of  one  who  was  assistant,  or 
"  helper,"  to  his  father,  a  parish  minister  in  the 
diocese  of  Aberdeen  several  years  before  the 
revolution  of  1688,  and  who  was  afterwards  one 
of  the  bishops  in  the  disestablished  church,  com- 
monly called  "Nonjurors."  By  that  document, 
the  young  man's  age  would  seem  to  have  been 
about  twenty-one.  I  suppose  there  was  no  pre- 
cise age  fixed ;  neither  was  there  so  in  the  later 
Scottish  episcopal  church,  until  a  recent  period, 
instances  occurring  of  ordinations  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  or  twenty;  but,  to  be  sure,  the  neces- 
sities of  the  church  were  pleaded.  The  same 
absence  of  fixed  rule  would  seem  to  characterise 
the  existing  Scottish  establishment.  I  know  of 
at  lenst  one  instance  in  which  the  parish  minister, 
still  alive,  was  ordained  and  inducted  to  his  living 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one. 

I  fear  F.  M.  S.  must  be  content  with  the  ap- 
proximate answer  to  his  query  ;  say,  from  twenty 
to  twentv-four.  S.  0. 


HANNAH  LIGHTFOOT. 
(.3^"  S.  xi.  89, 110,  131, 196.) 

Fortunately  for  the  cause  of  truth,  the  law  of 
evidence  which  regulates  Sir  James  Wilde's  court 
does  not  govern  the  court  of  historical  inquiry. 
In  this  latter,  principals  may  be  examined ;  and 
being  enabled,  therefore,  without  the  assistance 
of  Mr.  Hume,  to  call  George  III.  as  a  witness, 
I  venture  to  think  that  His  Majesty  will  prove 
distinctly  the  utter  groundlessness  of  the  Light- 
foot  scandal.  Of  course  the  evidence  is  not  direct, 
for  in  all  probability  the  King  had  never  heard 
of  Hannah  IJghtfoot.  But  it  is  scarcely  less  im- 
portant, showing  as  it  does  his  opinion  on  such 
matters,  and  the  improbability  of  his  having  been 
engaged  in  any  thing  of  the  kind. 

In  the  valuable  collection  o^ Letters  of  George  III. 
to  Lord  North,  lately  published  by  Mr.  Murray, 
we  find  the  King  writing  to  his  friend  and  minister 
with  reference  to  the  Duke  of  Cumberland's  in- 
trigue with  Ladv  Grosvenor  (Letter  45,  Nov.  5, 
1770):  — 

"  I  cannot  enough  express  how  much  I  feel  at  being 
in  the  least  concerned  in  an  affair  that  m_y  way  of  think- 
ing has  ever  taught  me  to  behold  as  highly  improper." 


3rd  S.  XI.  March  16,  67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


219 


This  is  lanpfuage  perfectly  consistent,  not  only 
with  what  Waldegrave  and  Walpole  have  told 
us,  but  with  all  we  know  of  George  III. ;  but 
utterly  inconsistent  with  the  truth  of  the  Light- 
foot  story. 

Again,  in  a  letter  to  Lord  North  (No.  654, 
Dec.  10,  1780),  consulting  him,  as  he  expressly 
says,  "  as  a  friend,  not  a  minister,"  about  the 
establishment  which  was  then  to  be  formed  for 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  the  King  says :  — 

"  I  thank  Heaven,  my  morals  and  course  of  life  have 
but  little  resembled  those  too  prevalent  in  the  present 
age  ;  and  certainly  of  all  the  objects  of  this  life,  the  one  I 
have  most  at  heart  is  to  form  my  children  that  they  maj' 
be  useful  examples  and  worth}'  of  imitation." 

This  is  not  the  language  of  a  man  who  had  been 
engaged  in  a  disreputable  intrigue  with  the  fair 
Quaker. 

But  a  still  more  remarkable  declaration  on  the 
part  of  the  King  (with  reference  to  this  question) 
is  conti^ined  in  his  letter  to  Lord  North  on  the 
subject  of  the  Prince  of  Wales's  connection  with 
Mrs.  Robinson.  The  letter  is  so  striking  that  I 
give  it  without  abridgment :  — 
(No.  689.) 

"  Windsor,  Aug.  28,  1781. 
40  min.  pt.  9  A. jr. 
"  I  am  sorry  to  be  obliged  to  open  a  subject  to  Lord 
North  that  has  long  given  me  much  pain,  but  I  can 
rather  do  it  on  paper  than  in  conversation  ;  it  is  a  sub- 
ject of  which  I  know  he  is  not  ignorant.  My  eldest  son 
got  last  year  into  a  very  improper  connection  with  an 
actress,  and  a  woman  of  indifferent  character,  through 
the  friendly  assistance  of  Lord  Maldon ;  a  multitude  of 
letters  passed,  which  she  has  threatened  to  publish  unless 
he,  in  short,  bought  them  of  her.  He  had  made  her  very 
foolish  promisses  {sic)  which,  undoubtedly,  by  her  con- 
duct to  him,  she  entirely  cancelled.  I  have  thought  it 
right  to  authorize  the  getting  of  them  from  her,  and 
have  employed  Lieut.-Col.  Hotham,  on  whose  discression 
{sic)  I  could  depend,  to  manage  this  business.  He  has 
now  brought  it  to  a  conclusion,  and  hasher  consent  to  get 
the  letters  on  her  receiving  5000?. — undoubtedly  an  enor- 
mous sum  ;  but  I  wish  to  get  my  son  out  of  this  shame- 
ful scrape.  I  desire  you  will  therefore  see  Lieut.-Col. 
Hotham,  and  settle   this  with  him.     I  aji  happy  at 

BKINa  ABLE  TO  SAY  THAT  I  NEVER  WAS  PEItSONALLY 
KXGAGED  IN  SUCH  A  TRANSACTION,  WHICH  PERHAPS 
MAKES  ME    PEEL   THIS   THE   STRONGER"! 

Is  it  to  be  believed  that  had  there  been  one 
atom  of  foundation  for  the  Lightfoot  scandal  Lord 
North  would  have  been  ignorant  of  it;  or  that 
the  King  would  have  given  utterance  to  the  im- 
portant declaration — "I  am  happy  at  being  able 
to  say  that  I  never  was  personallv  engaged  in  such 
a  transaction  "  ?  William  J.  Tnoiis, 


"  HAMBLETONIAN »  AND  "DIAMOND." 
(S^"  S.  xi.  96.) 

Referring  to  the  inquiry  of  your  correspon- 
dent G.,  of  Edinburgh,  relative'  to  the  above- 
named  horses,  I  can  find  no  record  of  their  having 


run  a  match  together,  or  the  two  ever  having  been 
engaged  in  a  race  amongst  others.  A  print,  or 
prints,  may  exist  of  these  two  celebrities  (of  which 
Yorkshire  had  good  reason  to  boast)  taking  their 
gallop  together,  side  by  side,  but  probably  in- 
tended to  represent  nothing  more.  At  any  rate, 
I  can  find  no  mention  of  a  race  between  the  two ; 
and  I  have  no  recollection  of  having  come  across 
a  print  in  Yorkshire  of  the  kind  named  by  your 
correspondent.  To  the  latter  part  of  his  inquiry, 
"  Were  these  horses  celebrated  for  speed  ?  "  there 
is  ample  proof  and  testimony  to  be  adduced.  At 
Doncaster,  on  Tuesday,  September  25,  1798,  Jlr. 
Cookson's  Diamond,  "by  Highflyer,  six  years  old, 
8  stone  6  lbs.,  won  a  match  for  1000  guineas, 
beating  Sir  H.  T.  Vane's  Shuttle,  by  Young 
Marske,  8  stone;  upon  whom  11  to  8  was  laid  at 
starting,  ^uery:  Is  this  the  incident  repre- 
sented in  the  print  seen  by  G.  ?  I  should  opine 
it  is,  being  a  match  in  those  days  for  a  large  sum 
of  money,  and  one  likely  enough  to  be  perpetuated 
on  canvas  and  afterwards  by  a « print.  "Dia- 
mond "  does  not  appear  to  have  had  many  en- 
gagements. He  had  walked  over  for  the  "  King's 
Guineas  "  (100)  at  York,  in  the  August  previous 
to  his  match  at  Doncaster.  In  most  of  his  races 
he  was  a  winner,  and  was  no  doubt,  to  use  the 
Yorkshire  vernacular,  ''  an  ugly  customer  to 
tackle.^'  He  was  afterwards  put  to  the  stud,  and 
sold  to  go  to  France,  where  he  died  about  the  v^ear 
1818  or  1820. 

Hambletonian's  exploits  on  the  turf  were  all  but 
an  uninterrupted  series  of  brilliant  triumphs.  He 
came  out  at  the  York  Spring  Meeting  in  1795,  in  a 
three-year-old  sweepstakes,  beating  Roseberry 
(upon  whom  5  to  4  was  laid)  and  two  others. 
From  that  period,  that  is  to  say,  from  1795  to 
1800,  he  ran  no  less  than  fifteen  times  at  York 
and  Doncaster  (most  of  his  distances  l^eing  four 
miles),  and  was  only  defeated  once  daring  his 
whole  racing  career.  That  solitary  instance  was 
what  is  termed  "  a  fluke,"  as  he  ran  out  of  the 
course,  and  suftered  Sir  F.  Standish,  with  Spread 
Eagle,  by  Volunteer,  four  years  old,  to  obtain 
first  place,  for  a  100  guinea  sweepstakes  at  York, 
on  August  25,  179G.  The  next  day,  Friday,  Au- 
gust 2(3,  Hambletonian  redeemed  his  credit  and 
recovered  his  lost  laurels  by  defeating  Spread 
Eagle  and  two  others,  in  a  race  of  four  miles,  for 
a  subscription  purse  of  227/.  10s,,  with  50/.  added ; 
betting  at  the  start,  5  to  4  on  Hambletonian.  In 
fact,  whenever  he  put  in  an  appearance,  the  odds 
were  invariably  6  and  7  to  4,  and  as  much  as  5 
to  1,  071  him;  and  he  fully  justified  the  good 
opinion  of  his  friends  and  the  long  odds  thej^'laid 
on  him,  by  showing  his  competitors  the  road  to 
the  winning  post.  If  Hambletonian  ever  had  a 
match  with  Diamond,  it  must  have  been  at  some 
outside  place  of  meeting,  with  which  I  am  unac- 
quainted.    If  he  had.  Diamond  would  have  shone 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  March  1G,  '67. 


with  only  "  a  lack  Idnd  of  lustre  "  alongside  so 
formidable  a  rival  and  "  so  bright  a  jewel"  of  a 
horse  (to  use  an  Irishism)  as  Hambletonian. 

Note. — Hambletoiiian  was  foaled  in  1792,  and 
bred  bj  Mr.  J.  IIutchinsMn.  He  was  by  King 
Fergus,  out  of  Grey  Highflyer;  hy  Highflyer, 
grandam,  Monimia,  by  Match-em.  At  the  York 
August  Meeting  in  1795,  Mr.  Hutchinson  sold 
his  three  crack  horses,  viz.  Hambletonian,  Benin- 
brough,  and  Oberon,  to  Sir  Charles  Turner,  Bart., 
with  their  engagements,  for  3000  guineas. 

Hambletonian  afterwards  became  the  property 
of  Sir  H.  Vane  Tempest,  and  finally  became  a  stud 
horse,  dying  full  of  years  and  full  of  honours,  on 
March  28,  1818,  and,  to  adopt  the  usual  post 
ohit  phraseology,  no  doubt  "  lamented  hy  all  who 
knew  him."  Under  any  circumstances,  he  was  a 
horse  of  which  Yorkshiremen  might  well  he 
proud.  H.  M. 

Doncaster. 


"  THE  SABBATH,"  NOT  MERELY  A  PURITAX 
TERM. 
(3^''  S.  xi.  50.) 
I  doubt  much  whether  the  mere  circumstance 
of  finding  the  word  Sabbath  employed  by  Whit- 
gift  in  1591  can  be  considered  to  prove,  as 
LiELrus  thinks,  that  the  use  of  it  was  not  a  Puri- 
tan peculiarity  in  later  times.  He  will  find  that 
the  Reformers  often  spoke  of  the  Lord's  Day  as 
the  Sabbath  in  a  rhetorical  way,  but  seldom  if 
ever  writing  critically.  It  is  so  styled  in  the 
second  book  of  homilies  of  the  English  Church, 
A.D.  1562,  and  by  many  others  besides  Whitgift, 
in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  But  the  Puritans  re- 
vived the  doctrines,  of  which  the  germs  are 
found  soon  after  Constantine's  law  of  Sunday 
rest,  that  the  Decalogue  is  not  only  a  lessoyi  but 
a  code  of  laivs  to  the  Christian  Gentiles,  and  that 
the  fourth  commandment  imposes  on  them  as  a 
religious  duty  bodily  rest  on  Sunday,  which  by 
divine  authority  had  been  substituted  for  Satur- 
day; and  they  insisted  that  Sunday  should  be 
literally,  not  Jigiirativelif  or  for  purposes  of  persua- 
sion or  instruction,  called  the  Sabbath.  There- 
fore the  English  High  Churchmen  ceased  to  speak 
of  it  as  the  Sabbath ;  and  during  the  great  con- 
troversy on  this  subject  between  them  and  the 
Puritans,  it  loas  a  mark  of  Puritanism  to  use  that 
name  for  Sunday.  The  question  is  found  very 
ably  stated  in  an  anonymous  pamphlet  in  1636, 
which  was  afterwards  known  to  have  been  wiitten 
by  Dr.  Sanderson,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  who  died  in 
1663.  The  three  questions  considered  bv  him 
are  —  1.  Which  is  the  fittest  name  whereby  to 
call  the  day  of  our  Christian  weekly  rest  —  whe- 
ther the  Sabbath,  the  Lord's  Day,  or  Simday  ? 
2.  What  is  the  meaning  of  the  prayer  appointed 


to  be  used  in  our  Church,  "  Lord,  have  mercy  upon 
us  and  incline,"  &c.,  as  it  is  repeated  after  and 
applied  to  the  words  of  the  fourth  commandment  ? 

3.  Whether  it  be  lawful  to  use  any  bodily  re- 
creation upon  the  Lord's  Day ;  and  if  so,  then 
what  kind  of  recreation  may  be  used  ? 

Those  who  take  an  interest  in  the  question,  and 
who  cannot  conveniently  refer  to  this  old  pamphlet, 
wiU  find  a  very  good  summaiy  of  it  in  that  valu- 
able digest  of  all  matters  connected  with  the 
Sabbath,  bv  Mr.  Cox,  entitled  The  Literature  of 
the  Sabbath  Question  (2  vols.  Edinburgh,  1865). 
The  summary  is  found  at  vol.  i.  p.  184 ;  and  I 
would  direct  attention  also  to  what  he  quotes 
in  vol.  i.  pp.  455-8  from  Cosin  and  Thorndike, 
and  in  vol.  ii.  p.  146  from  Archbishop  Sharp.  In 
reading  the  old  divines  we  should  remember  that 
the  distinction  between  things  said  and  written 
ad  populum,  and  things  addressed  ad  clenwi,  was 
more  generally  recognised  in  their  times  than  it 
is  in  England  now.  C.  T.  Ramage. 


The  following  is  another  instance  from  a  formal 
document  of  the  use  of  the  word  "  Sabbath  "  for 
Simday  at  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century.  It 
occurs  in  Archbishop  Whitgift's  deed  of  founda- 
tion for  his  Hospital  of  the  Holy  Trinity  at  Croy- 
don, in  which,  after  providing  for  the  daily  prayers 
in  the  chapel  of  the  hospital,  it  is  ordered  that — 

"  All  the  bretheren  and  systers  of  the  hospital!  .... 
shall,  on  the  Saboth  days,  Feastivall  days,  Wednesdays 
and  Frydays  at  morninge  and  eaveninge  prayers,  and 
upon  Satterdays  at  eaveninge  prayre,  resorte  orderlye  by 
two  and  two  together  to  the  parishe  churche  of  Croj'don, 
there  to  pray  devoutlie  with  the  reste  of  the  congrega- 
tion," (fee. — Steinman's  Histoiy  of  Croydon,  p.  316. 

The  importance  attached  by  the  Reformers  to 
the  literal  interpretation  of  the  Old  Testament, 
and  the  introduction  of  the  Ten  Commandments 
into  the  second  Prayer-Book  of  Edward  VI.,  may 
have  led  to  the  use  of  "  Sabbath,"  as  well  as  to 
a  revival  of  "  those  Jewish  severities  which  some 
men  began  to  urge  and  obtrude  upon  Christians, 
both  as  the  change  and  rest  of  that  day."  (Gau- 
den's  Tears,  Siyhs,  ^x:  1659,  p.  120.) 

All  men  had  not  the  discrimination  of  Selden, 
who  says  (Table-TaUc,  art.  "  Sabbath  ")  — 

"  Why  should  I  think  all  the  fourth  commandment 

belongs  to  me,  when  all  the  fifth  does  not  ? We 

read  the  Commandments  in  the  Church-service,  as  we  do 
David's  Psalms ;  not  that  all  there  concerns  us,  but  a 
great  deal  of  them  does." 

E.  S.  D. 


EXTRAORDINARY  ASSEMBLIES  OF  BIRDS. 
(3^-1  S.  xi.  70,  106.) 

In  addition  to  what  is  contained  in  the  latter 
article,  if  you  think  what  follows  bears  sulSciently 
on  the  subject,  I  beg  to  oft'er  a  few  observations 
connected  with  the  habits  of  the  starling.     It  has 


3rd  S.  XI.  March  16,  '07.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


221 


more  tlian  once  fallen  to  my  lot  to  witness  enor- 
mous gatherings  of  this  bird,  not  in  combat,  but 
apparently  as  "friends  in  council ;  "  and  I  have  in 
my  walks  had  my  attention  forcibly  attracted  to 
the  incident.  An  extraordinary  chattering  is  heard 
on  some  wide-spreading  tree  or  trees,  and  it  is 
perceived,  on  nearer  approach,  to  proceed  from  a 
multitude  of  them.  But  the  singularity  of  this 
is,  the  mode  'in  which  the  conference,  if  such  it 
may  be  called,  is  conducted.  The  voice  of  a  leader 
is  clearly  distinguished  among  the  multitude. 
He  perches  himseK  in  a  most  conspicuous  posi- 
tion, and  holds  out  a  long  unwearied  solo,  which 
is  responded  to  by  all  the  rest  in  a  continued 
chorus.  The  whole  of  them  storm  and  chatter 
with  all  their  might,  but  the  individual  leader 
sustains  his  fortissimo,  which  is  heard  above  them 
all.  It  is  a  sort  of  popular  harangue,  responded 
to  by  bursts  of  applause  or  anger,  and  agitated 
motions  among  the  clamorous  audience.  I  never 
remember  to  have  stayed  long  enough  to  see 
whether  it  ended  in  what  it  seemed  a  prelude  to, 
a  fight.  But  I  have  thought  the  excitement  suf- 
ficient to  have  produced  such  a  result.  Sparrows, 
as  most  of  us  probably  have  observed,  occasionally 
and  for  a  few  minutes,  burst  out  and  exhibit  a 
scene  of  agitation  and  fluttering  and  chirping ;  but 
it  is  generally  attendant  upon  some  quarrel  be- 
tween two  or  more,  and  the  outbreak  and  dis- 
persion are  hasty.  Bewick  and  Yarrell  remark 
the  social  and  gregarious  habits  of  the  starling, 
but  make  no  mention  of  the  propensity  I  have 
been  describing,  or  their  pugnacity  in  encounters 
in  any,  especially  a  large  scale. 

"  I  will  not  ask  Jean-Jacques  Rousseau 
If  birds  confabulate  or  no," 

nor  any  other  philosopher  nor  naturalist,  but  state 
a  simple  fact,  that  to  my  mind  goes  far  beyond 
mere  imagination  in  conveying  a  notion  of  this 
kind. 

With  regard  to  these  harangues  and  collective 
vocalities,  whether  of  longer  or  shorter  duration, 
the  term  employed  to  describe  them  in  the  country 
in  which  I  have  observed  them  is  not  recognised 
by  Johnson  or  Bailey :  perhaps  it  may  be  by  other 
more  modern  lexicographers  whom  I  have  not 
consulted.  It  is  a  charm.  This  is  evidently  the 
signification  attached  to  that  word  by  Milton,  a 
close  observer  of  nature,  when,  in  the  address  of 
Eve  to  Adam  (Paradise  Lost,  book  iv.),  she 
says :  — 

"  Sweet  is  the  breath  of  morn,  when  she  ascends 
With  charm  of  earliest  birds  " 

By  which  he  obviously  means  to  express  a  chorus, 
and  not  merely  a  charming  effect.  As  this  is  a 
reading  which  is  not  perhaps  generally  understood 
(I  have  no  means  of  referring  to  commentators  on 
this  passage  of  the  poet),  should  it  not  be  con- 


sidered too  trite  or  obvious,  may  it  be  permitted 
to  find  a  place  in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q."  ? 

U.  U. 


FREXCH  TOPOGRAPHY, 


(3">  S.  xi,  10,) 
In  answer  to  the  query  of  Me,  George 
Tbagett,  I  shall  give  here  the  names  and  dates 
of  the  most  important  among  the  works  on  this 
subject.  To  quote  them  all  would  be  a  difficult 
task,  if  not  quite  an  impossibility :  — 

Aquitain. 

1.  Histoire  Politique,  Religieuse  et  Litteraire  du 
Midi  de  la  France.  Par  Mary-hafon,.  2«  edit.  Paris : 
Capin,  1842-5.    4  vol.  in-8. 

2.  Essai  Historique  et  Critique  sur  les  Merovingiens 
d'Aquitaine  et  la  Charte  d'Alaon.  Par  J.  F.  Rabanis. 
Paris  :  A.  Durand,  185(5,  in-8. 

3.  Archives  Historiques  du  departement  de  la  Gironde, 
Bordeaux  et  Paris,  1859-60.     2  vol.  in-4. 

4.  Histoire  de  la  Gascogne,  depuis  les  temps  les 
plus  recules  jusqu'a  nos  jours.  Par  I'Abbe'  Monlezun. 
Auch  et  Paris  :  Dumoulin,  1846-50.     7  vol.  in-8. 

5.  Histoire  des  Peuples  et  des  Etats  Pyre'neens.  Par 
J.  Cenac-Moncaut.    Paris:  Amyot,  1804.     5  vol.  in-8. 

Bordeaux. 

1.  Histoire  des  Monuments  anciens  et  modernes  de 
Bordeaux.  Par  Auguste  Bordes  .  .  .  ornee  de  planches 
gravees  par  Ronargue,  etc.  Paris:  Bordes,  1845.  2 
vol.  in-4. 

2.  Histoire  complete  de  Bordeaux.  Par  M.  I'Abbe 
P.  J.  O'Reilly.  2*  «5dit.  Bordeaux :  Delmas,  1863.-  6 
vol.  in-8,  et  Supplement. 

Srittani/. 

1.  La  Bretagne  Ancienne,  depuis  sou  origine  jusqu'a  sa 
reunion  h  la  France  ;  la  Bretagne  Moderne  depuis  sa 
reunion  a  la  France  jusqu'a  nos  jours ;  Histoire  des 
Etats  et  du  Parlement,  etc.  Par  M.  Pitre-Chevalier. 
Nouvelle  e'dition  refondue  par  I'auteur.  Paris:  Didier 
et  C*^  1859-00.     2  vol.  gr.  in-8,  avec  des  illustr. 

2.  La  Bibliotheque  Bretonne,  Collection  de  pieces 
inedites  ou  pen  connues  concernant  I'Histoire,  I'Arche- 
ologie  et  la  Litterature  .  .  .  recueillies  et  publiees,  par 
Ch.  Le  Maout,  Saint-Brieux,  1851.     2  vol.  in-8. 

3.  La  Bretagne,  son  Histoire  et  ses  Historiens.  Par 
M.  G.  Lejean.    Nantes  :  Gue'raud,  1850,  in-8. 

4.  Essai  sur  les  Monnaies  du  Eoyaume  et  Duche  de 
Bretagne.  Par  A.  Bigot.  Dinan,  Nantes  et  Paris,  1857. 
Gr.  in-8. 

5.  Nantes  et  la  Loire-Iufe'rieure,  Monuments  anciens 
ou  modernes,  Sites  et  Costumes  pittoresques,  etc.  Par 
Pitre-Chevalier,  E.  Souvestre,  etc,  Nantes  :  Charpentier, 
1850.     2  vol.  in-fol. 

6.  Saint-Malo,  illustre  par  ses  Marins,  precede  d'une 
notice  historique  sur  cette  ville.  Par  Ch.  Cunat.  Rennes, 
1857,  in-8. 

7.  Essai  Topographique,  Historique  et  Statistique  sur 
la  ville  de  Rennes.  Par  I'Abbe  Manet.  Rennes,  1858, 
2  vol.  iu-8. 

8.  Rennes  Ancien.  Par  Oge'e ;  annote  par  M.  A. 
Marteville. — Rennes  Moderne,  ou  Histoire  complete  de  ses 
origines  de  ses  Institutions  et  de  ses  Monuments.  Par 
A.  Marteville.  Rennes :  Daniel  et  Verdier,  1850.  3  vol. 
in-18. 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  March  16,  '67. 


9.  Les  Cotes-du-Xord  ;  Histoire  et  Geographic  de  tontes 
les  Villes  et  Communes  du  Departement.  Par  Benjamin 
Jollivet.    Gningamp,  185-1-61.    4  vol.  in-8. 

10.  Recherches  sur  Dinan  et  ses  Environs.  Par  Luigi 
Odovici.    Dinan:  Huart,  1857,  iu-12. 

Vendee. 

1.  La  Vende'e.  Le  Pays,  les  Moeurs,  la  Guerre.  Par 
Eugene  Ballevguier-Loudun.  Paris  et  Lyon  :  Perisse, 
1849.    3  part."  en  1  vol.  in-8. 

2.  Album  Vendeen,  dessine  par  T.  Drake;  texte  par 
Alb.  Lemarcliand.     Angers,  1856-60.    2  vol.  in-fol. 

3.  Le  Maine  et  I'Anjou  Historique,  Archeologique  et 
Pittoresque.  Par  M.  le  Baron  de  Wismes  et  ses  Collabo- 
rateurs.    Nantes,  1862.     2  vol.  iu-fol. 

H.  TlEDEMAN, 
Amsterdam. 


ALBERT  DURER'S  "  KNIGHT,  DEATH,  AND 
THE  DEVIL." 
(3^1  S.  xi.  95.) 

Your  correspondent,  in  Ws  suggestion  that  the 
blade  of  grass  shaped  like  the  outline  of  a  horse- 
shoe is  really  the  first  sketch  of  the  line  of  the 
horseshoe  itself,  has  been  anticipated  by  Mr. 
Ruskin  in  Modern  Painters,  v.  243,  in  the  chapter 
on  "Durer  and  Salvator." 

People  are  so  often  asked  to  receive  what  they 
cannot  help  feeling  are  forced  interpretations  of 
this  very  noble  work  of  Durer  that,  since  your 
correspondent  has  introduced  a  part  of  Mr.  Holt's 
version  of  it,  perhaps  I  might  not  be  considered  as 
going  beside  the  question  if  I  were  to  quote  Mr. 
Euskin's  description  of  the  engraving  (at  the  end 
of  which  description  is  the  answer  to  your  corre- 
spondent), to  show  what  plain  meaning  may  be 
found  by  a  sympathetic  and  thoughtful  study  of 
the  "Knight'and  Death." 

Mr.  Euskin,  for  the  same  purpose,  takes  the 
great  problem — given  a  life,  to  find  the  right  use 
for  it ;  and,  inasmuch  as  all  great  work  is  but  the 
attempt  at  a  solution  of  this  problem,  shows  what 
answer  was  given  by  two  men — Durer,  in  the 
fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries ;  and  in  the  se- 
venteenth, Salvator  Eosa.  He  describes  the  in- 
fluences under  which  each  of  thera  lived  and  grew, 
and  then  shows  how  the  answer  of  Salvator  is 
''Despair,  manifested  in  Desolation'';  but  the 
answer  of  Durer,  "Faith,  manifested  in  Fortitude 
and  Labour  "—the  "  Knight  and  Death  "  for  For- 
titude, and  the  "  Melancholia  "  for  Labour.  And 
then  he  says  :  — 

"  The  Fortitude,  eoiijmonly  known  as  the  '  Knight  and 
Death,'  represents  a  Knight  ridin,2:  through  a  dark  vallev 
overhung  by  leafless  trees,  and  with  a  great  castle  on  a 
hill  beyond.  Beside  him,  but  a  little  in  advance,  rides 
Death  on  a  pale  horse.  Death  is  grey-haired  and  crowned ; 
serpents  wreathed  about  his  crown  (the  sting  of  Death 
involved  in  the  Kingly  power).  He  holds  ud  the  hour- 
glass, and  looks  earnestly  into  the  Knight's  face.  Behind 
him  follows  Sin,  but  Sin  powerless ;"he  has  been  con- 
quered and  passed  by,  but  follows  yet,  watching  if  anv 


way  of  assault  remains.  On  his  forehead  are  two  horns — 
I  think  of  sea-shell  —  to  indicate  his  insatiableness  and 
instability.  He  has  also  the  twisted  horns  of  the  ram,  for 
stubbornness,  the  ears  of  an  ass,  the  snout  of  a  swine,  the 
hoofs  of  a  goat.  Torn  wings  hang  useless  from  his 
shoulders,  and  he  carries  a  spear  with  two  hooks,  for 
catching  as  well  as  wounding.  The  Knight  does  not 
heed  him,  nor  even  Death,  though  he  is  conscious  of  the 
presence  of  the  last. 

"  He  rides  quietly,  his  bridle  firm  in  his  hand,  and  his 
lips  set  close  in  a'  slight  sorrowful  smile,  for  he  hears 
what  Death  is  saying ;  and  hears  it  as  the  word  of  a  mes- 
senger who  brings  pleasant  tidings,  thinking  to  bring 
evil  ones.  A  little  branch  of  delicate  heath  is  twisted 
round  his  helmet.  His  horse  trots  proudh-  and  straight  ; 
its  head  high,  and  witb  a  cluster  of  oak  on  the  brow, 
where  on  the  fiend's  brow  is  the  sea-shell  horn.  But  the 
horse  of  Death  stoops  its  head ;  and  its  rein  catches  the 
little  bell  which  han;;s  from  the  Knight's  horse-bridle, 
making  it  toll,  as  a  passing  bell." 

Then,  in  a  nole  upon  this  last  sentence,  he 
says : — 

"It  is  a  beautiful  thought:  yet,  possibly,  an  after- 
thought. I  have  some  suspicion  that  there  is  an  altera- 
tion in  the  plate  at  this  place,  and  that  the  rope  to  which 
the  bell  hangs  was  originally  the  line  of  the  chest  of  the 
nearer  horse,  as  the  grass  blades  about  the  lifted  hind  leg 
conceal  the  lines  which  could  not,  in  Durer''s  wag  of  work, 
he  effaced,  indicating  its  first  intended  position.  What  a 
proof  of  his  general  decision  of  handling  is  involved  in 
this  repeniir." 

With  this  description  in  one's  mind,  it  becomes 
difficult  to  see  the  "  careless,  reflective,  but  too 
confident  Knight"  of  Mr.  Holt's  version.  And 
indeed  I  think  a  careful  examination  of  the  en- 
graving will  only  confirm  a  belief  in  Mr.  Euskin's 
view  of  the  raeaniui?.  H.  E.  W. 


ANDREW  CROSBIE,  ESQ. 
(3'"  S.  xi.  75.) 

This  eminent  lavpj'er,  who  had  at  one  time  the 
best  practice  at  the  bar  of  Scotland,  and  who  had 
accumulated  a  large  fortune,  was  struck  down  by 
one  of  those  great  calamities  which  suddenly,  and 
without  warning,  spread  desolation  over  a  country. 
I  allude  to  the  downfall  of  the  bank  of  Douglas 
Heron  and  Co.,  which  ruined  the  greater  part  of 
the  proprietors  in  Galloway,  and  in  which  Crosbie 
was  involved.  In  the  county  of  Dumfries  there 
was  scarcely  one  landed  gentleman  who  did  not 
suffer  more  or  less. 

Crosbie  was  the  Coimsellor  Pleydell  of  Gia/ 
3Ia)tnering.  If  there  had  been  a  Boswell  to  note 
down  the  eccentricities  of  the  bench  and  bar  of 
that  period,  what  pleasant  reading  it  vrould  have 
been  uow-a-days !  His  career  was  a  short  one  : 
he  could  not  have  been  more  than  fift}"  when  he 
died — of  a  broken  heart!  He  must  have  been 
twenty-one  before  he  could  pass  as  an  advocate  ; 
and  we  know  that  he  departed  this  life  prior  to 
March,  1785.      He  had  every  right  to  expect  a 


Bri  S.  XI.  March  16,  '67.'] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


223 


seat  on  the  bench,  and  it  is  traditionally  reported 
he  would  have  obtained  it  had  he  survived. 

The  following'  notes  from  the  Minute  Book  of 
the  Faculty  of  Advocates  show  the  miserable 
condition  in  which  Crosbie  left  his  affairs  :  — 

Upon  March  11,  1785,  an  application  was  made 
to  the  Faculty  of  Advocates  on  the  part  of  Eliza- 
beth Crosbie,  the  widow  of  Andrew  Crosbie,  Esq., 
for  aliment.  Her  maiden  name  was  Barker.  The 
Dean  and  Council  were  authorised  to  give  in- 
terim relief,  which  was  done.  Upon  July  2 
following,  consideration  of  Mrs.  Crosbie's  petition 
was  resumed,  when  the  Faculty  allowed  the 
lady  forty  pounds  sterling,  to  commence  at  the 
term  of  Whitsunday  preceding.  This  pension  was 
not  very  large ;  but  in  those  days,  when  living 
was  cheap  and  house-rent  moderate,  it  was  equal 
to  one  hundred  a-year  at  the  present  date.  Having 
no  family,  Mrs.  Crosbie  might  be  enabled  to  live 
pretty  comfortably  upon  it,  as  she  would  no  doubt 
occasionally  receive  assistance  from  her  husband's 
friends.  The  system  of  giving  relief  to  widows  is 
now  superseded  by  the  introduction,  by  Act  of 
Parliament,  of  a  fund  for  that  purpose,  leviable 
from  each  member  of  Faculty  who  entered  after 
it  had  been  passed. 

Crosbie  was  a  successful  pleader  not  only  in 
the  Civil  Courts,  but  in  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts; 
and  tradition  records  his  great  success  before  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland. 

J.  M. 


Napoleon-  (3^'^  S.  xi.  195.) — I  do  not  remember 
to  have  ever  met  with  tliis  name  in  Byzantine 
historians.  But  it  occurs  frequently  in  Latin 
chronicles  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  cen- 
turies, where  the  form  is  Neapollo,  or  Neapolio. 
This  fact  will  at  once  interfere  with  the  Jeu  de 
7nots  quoted  by  Mr.  Murpht,  and  suggest  an 
etymology  different  from  that  proposed  by  your 
correspondent.  J.  C.  R. 

Grammar  Schools  (3'^  S.  x.  137.)— The  fol- 
lowing extract  from  the  will  of  Henry  Colburn, 
of  Loudon,  dated  August  7,  1655,  will  give  your 
correspondent  an  idea  of  ''how  grammar  schools 
are  founded  " :  — 

"  That  is  to  say  £25  per  annum  for  the  maintenance  of 
a  grammar  schoolmaster,  an  university  man,  well  and  fitly 
qualified,  and  obliged  to  preach  otice  a  month  at  least 
within  the  chapelry  of  Goosnargh,  and  able  and  obliged 
to  instruct  the  boys  of  Goosnargh-cum-Newsham  and 
Whittingham,  and  fit  them  for  the  university  gratis." 
H.  FiSHWICK, 

Vowel  Changes  :  A,  aw  (S'"^  S.  xi.  94.)  —Mr. 
Htde  Clarke  says  that  "  the  substitution  of  ah 
for  mo  took  place  in  France,  in  a  great  degree, 
towards  the  end  of  the  last  century  and  beginning 
of  this,  when  a,  2J(is,  Sec.  became  ah,  2}ah,  &c. 
instead  of  aio,  paiv,  &c.      Many   of  the  'emigre 


generation  pronounced  in  the  old  fashion  after 
their  return." 

What  authority  can  Mr.  Clarke  produce  for 
the  startling  assertion  that,  until  towards  the  end 
of  the  last  century,  the  French  sounded  their  vowel 
a  like  our  English  a  in  loaterf  We  have  a  few 
words  in  which  the  a  is  pronounced  ah— father, 
rather,  &c. ;  but  the  more  frequent  English  sound 
is  aw — boater,  malt,  toalk,  &c. :  and  hence  it  is 
that  one  of  the  besetting  difficulties  with  English- 
men learning  a  continental  language  is,  to  get  rid 
of  this  ugly  aiu  sound,  and  uniformly  to  pronounce 
the  a  with  the  pure  sound  it  has  in  the  word 
father,  and  as,  in  fact,  it  is  always  sounded  on  the 
Continent.  The  latter  part  of  Mr.  Clarke's  re- 
mark seems  to  nie  to  be  conclusive  against  him- 
self. If,  on  their  return  to  France,  many  of  the 
emigre  generation  pronounced  a  like  a^o,  it  would 
only  prove  that  during  their  stay  in  England  they 
had  lost  some  of  the  purity  of  tlaeir  native  accent. 
This,  however,  is  very  unlikely;  for  the  emi- 
grants were  so  numerous,  and  mixed  so  little  with 
the  English  among  whom  they  dwelt,  that  they 
had  every  chance  of  preserving  their  native  pronun- 
ciation unimpaired.  According  to  Mr.  Clarke's 
theory,  our  old  friend  Nmigtongiyaioy^as  a  thorough 
Frenchman  after  all.  J.  Dixon. 

Pearls  of  Eloquence  (3"^  S.  xi.  35.) — I  have 
seen  another  answer  verv  different  from  that  given 
by  F.  C.  W. :  — 

"a  lover  to  his  mistress. 
"  If  you  from  Glove  will  take  the  letter  G, 
Then  Glove  is  love,  and  that  I  give  to  thee." 

It  is  this  :  — 

"  If  you  from  Page  will  take  the  letter  P, 
Then  Page  is  age,  and  that  won't  do  for  me." 


I  cannot  say  whether  this 
1655. 


in  print  prior  to 
A.  B.  M. 


Punning  Mottoes   (3'"*  S.  xi.  145.) — Among 
the  "Bon  Mots,  or  Old  Stories,"  by  Richard  Graves, 
printed  at  the  end  of  The  Festoon  which  he  edited, 
is  one  called  "  The  Doctor's  Arms  "  :  — 
"  A  Doctor  who,  for  want  of  skill, 
Did  seldom  cure — and  sometimes  kill," 

wished  to  assume  a  coat  of  arms,  and  consulted  a 
friend,  who  slily  answered  — 

"  Take  some  device  in  your  own  way, 
Neither  too  solemn  nor  too  gay ; 
Three  ducks,  suppose  ;  white,  grey,  or  black ; 
And  let  your  motto  be  '  Quack .'  Quack  / '  " 

H.  P.  D. 
Men's  Heads  covered  in  Church  (3"*  S.  xi. 
137.) — The  words  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Injunc- 
tions are,  "  Whensoever  the  name  of  Jesus  shall 
be  in  any  lesson,  sermon, 'or  otherwise  in  the 
church  pronounced,  due  reverence,  &c."  The 
word  "  otherwise  "  cannot  be  held  to  include  such 


224 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI,  March  16,  '67. 


an  important  part  of  tlie  service  as  the  prayers, 
and  probably  refers  to  catechizings,  exliortations, 
&c.  It  is  unlikely  that  at  any  period  churchmen 
covered  their  heads  during  prayers,  but  the  custom 
may  have  been  for  men  to  wear  their  hats  at  other 
parts  of  the  service,  as  your  correspondent  states 
is  still  the  case  in  Holland  during  the  sermon. 
Bingham  tells  us  the  usage  among  the  early 
Christians  {Antiquities,  book  xill.  chap.  viii.  9)  : 

"  They  praj^ed  -with  the  head  uncovered,  according  to 
the  Apostle's  direction,  as  esteeming  it  a  great  indecency 
to  do  otherwise.  So  Chrysostom  in  his  comment  on  the 
place.  Tertullian  adds  another  reason  in  his  Apology  to 
the  Gentiles  — '  We  pray  uncovered,  because  we  are  not 
ashamed  to  appear  with  open  face ;  making  it  a  sort  of 
testimony  and  symbol  of  their  innocencj"-  in  their  ad- 
dressing God  without  covering.' " 

The  reference  to  S.  Chrysostom  is  Homily  xxvi. 
onl  Cor.  xi. :  "The  man  "he  (S.  Paul)  compelleth 
not  to  be  always  uncovered,  but  when  he  prays 
only." 

The  reverence  shown  to  churches  apart  from 
the  service,  is  peculiar  to  England  and  modern 
times.  Abroad,  both  priests  and  laymen,  though 
they  remove  the  hat,  talk  on  more  indifferent 
subjects,  and  in  a  louder  tone,  than  we  should 
consider  decent.  And  amongst  ourselves  in  past 
times,  scarcely  any  respect  was  paid  to  consecrated 
buildings.  "  Powles  Walke"  was  a  promenade, 
and  was  used  by  those  loiterers  who  "  dined  with 
Duke  Humphrey."  Samuel  Speed,  in  "  the  Le- 
gend of  his  Grace  Humphrey,  Duke  of  S.  Paul's 
Cathedral  Walk,"  1674,  says  :  — 

"  Some  with  their  beads  unto  a  pillar  crowd  ; 
Some  mutter  forth,  some  say  their  graces  loud  ; 
Some  on  devotion  came  to  feed  their  muse  ; 
Some  came  to  sleep,  or  walk,  or  talk  of  news." 
Canons  and  others  who  wear  the  zuchetta  have 
not,  technically,  their  heads  covered.     It  is  only 
a  form  of  the  skull-cap  used  by  many  clergymen 
and  laymen  for  warmth   in  houses   as    well  as 
churches,  and  even  in  the    presence  of  royalty. 
The  late  Duke  of  Sussex  was  never  seen  without 
the  velvet  which  took  the  place  of  hair. 

H.  P.  D. 
Peers'  Residences  in  1689  (S"-"*  S.  xi.  109.)  — 
In  looking  over  the  list  of  residences  of  Peers  in 
1689  it  occurs  to  me  that,  of  the  names  there 
given,  only  three  are  now  inhabited  by  the  de- 
scendants of  the  occupiers  as  there  named :  Duke 
of  Norfolk,  Lady  Cowper,  and  Representative  of 
Earl  Kent,  St.  James'  Square  ;  Duke  of  Devon- 
shire, Devonshire  House  and  Somerset  House — 
olim,  now  Northumberland  House,  via  Smithson. 
Sic  Transit. 
With  regard  to  Mr.  Shirley's  highly  interest- 
ing list  of  the  nobility  and  their  residences  in 
1698-9,  two  or  thi'be  questions  arise,  notably 
these  :  Who  was  the  Duke  of  Scorborge,  the  Earl 
of  Carberough,  and  the  Earl  of  Hormino-ton  ? 


Is  it  not  possible  that  the  first  named  was  Mein- 
hardt,  Duke  of  Schomberg  and  Leinster,  son  of 
William  III.'s  famous  General  ? 

I  should  be  sorry  to  call  in  question  the  opinion 
of  so  high  an  authority  as  JIr.  Shirley  with 
regard  to  the  identity  of  the  second  nobleman, 
but  is  it  not  more  likely  that  the  Earl  of  Carbery 
is  meant  rather  than  Lord  Scarborough,  whose 
name  appears  elsewhere  in  the  catalogue;  al- 
though, by  the  way,  seeing  Lord  North  and  Grey's 
appears  twice,  no  proof  can  be  drawn  from  that 
fact. 

The  third  is  a  puzzler.  Can  any  one  solve  the 
difficulty  ?  J.  W.  Sxanderwick. 

Kednys. 

Emperors  of  Morocco  (.3'''*  S.  xi.  11.) — The 
following  have  reigned  from  1727  up  to  the  pre- 
sent time:— Mulev  Abdallah,  1727-1757;  Sidi- 
Mohammed,  1757-1790 ;  Muley  Yezid,  1790-1794 ; 
Mulev  Solimau,  1794-1822;  Abd-er-Rahman, 
1822-1859;  Sidi-Mohammed,  1859.  For  more 
particulars  about  them,  I  must  refer  Mr.  Rouse 
to  the  following  work  :  — 

"  Description  Historique  du  Maroc,  comprenant  la 
Geographic  et  la  Statistique  de  ce  Pays,  &c.  Par  M. 
Le'on  Godard.  Paris:  Tanera,  1860.  2  vol.  in-8,  avee 
une  carte." 

H.  Tiedeman. 

Amsterdam. 

The  Grey  Mare's  Tail  (^'^  S.  x.  432,  485, 
xi.  179.) — I  am  afraid  Mr.  Ramage  overlooks  the 
fact  that  our  Scotch  names  owe  their  origin  to 
different  times  and  different  races,  and  that  even 
in  the  same  district  a  consonance  of  names  does 
not  necessarily  indicate  a  derivation  from  a 
common  root. 

The  stream  he  first  mentions  is  the  Maar  bum, 
or,  as  I  have  always  heard  it  pronounced,  the 
Mar  burn.  What  is  this  but  the  march  or  boun- 
daiy  burn  dividing  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course 
Durrisdeer  from  Penpont  ?  You  have  in  Jamie- 
son's  Dictionary,  "  Mere,  a  march  or  boundary," 
with  a  quotation  from  Wyntoun's  Chronicle  as  an 
authority.     Mars  is  the  Welch  for  boundary. 

When  we  cross  the  Nith  to  his  second  instance, 
we  find  the  natural  features  of  the  stream  giving 
occasion  to  its  name  in  two  consecutive  languages. 
1st.  The  Celtic  mear,  "  Merry,  joyful,  sportive, 
playful; "  and  2nd,  the  Anglo-Saxon  laecan,  to  play. 
To  lake,  to  play,  is  common  both  in  Scotland  and 
the  north  of  England.  (See  Bosworth,  Brockett, 
and  Jamieson.) 

Loch  Maree  derives  its  name  from' that  of  a 
saint,  the  ruins  of  whose  chapel  are  still  to  be 
seen  on  an  island  in  the  Loch. 

George  Vere  Irving. 

Positions  in  Sleeping  (3"1  S.  xi.  125.)— This 
subject  is  worthy  of  further  inquiry.     An  emi- 


3'd  S.  XI.  Makch  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


225 


nent  physician  in  Scotland  informed  me,  about  six 
years  ago,  that  when  he  failed  by  every  other 
prescription  to  bring  sleep  to  invalid  children,  he 
recommended  their  couches  or  little  beds  to  be 
turned  due  north  and  south,  the  head  of  the  child 
being  placed  towards  the  north.  He  had  never 
failed  by  this  process  to  induce  sleep. 

ChaPvLes  Ecgers,  LL.D. 
2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

Town  Libkakt,  Leicester  (3"^  S.  ii.  94.) — 
Dr.  Eimbault,  in  an  account  of  a  visit  to  this 
library,  made  use  of  some  remarks  concerning  the 
librarian  (since  deceased),  which  at  the  time  gave 
much  pain  both  to  the  subject  of  the  remarks  and 
myself  (her  son).  In  justice  to  her  memory  I 
forward  the  following  paragraph  from  one  of  our 
local  newspapers,  showing  that  Mrs.  Dawson  was 
not  the  "  bibliographic  charwoman"  represented, 
but  a  woman  well  qualified  to  take  charge  of 
such  a  valuable  library  as  the  Town  Library  of 
Leicester,  and  one  who,  as  such,  ought  to  have  been 
shielded  from  the  insulting  epithets  applied  to 
her  by  Dr.  Rimbatjlt  :  — 

"  The  Old  Town  Library  of  Leicester  has  been  for  four- 
teen years  in  the  custody  of  Mrs.  Dawson,  who  died  on 
the  27th  ult.  The  deceased  having  been  well  educated 
with  a  view  to  her  becoming  a  governess,  was  in  various 
respects  qualified  to  undertake  the  charge  of  the  librar}-. 
She  of  course  knew  the  value  of  the  books  entrusted  to 
her  care,  and  was  enabled  to  give  interesting  particulars 
concerning  the  principal  volumes,  as  well  as  of  the  pic- 
tures in  the  library.  The  history  of  Mrs.  Dawson  was 
in  some  respects  remarkable.  For  a  number  of  j-ears  she 
was  companion  to  Lady  Tyler,  wife  of  General  Sir  John 
Tyler,  one  of  the  aides-de-camp  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
at  Waterloo;  and  she  lived  for  some  time  at  Longwood 
House,  St.  Helena,  once  the  dwelling-place  in  exile  of 
Napoleon  Bonaparte,  respecting  which  she  was  enabled  to 
communicate  many  facts  of  interest  and  value,  as  she 
remembered  the  place  nearly  as  it  was  when  tenanted  by 
the  deceased  emperor.  Mrs.  Dawson's  maiden  name  was 
Stopes  ;  she  was  the  lineal  descendant  in  the  female  line 
of  Bishop  Aj'lmer,  the  preceptor  of  Lady  Jane  Gray  ;  a 
bible,  once  the  property  of  the  bishop,  with  his  name  in- 
scribed on  it,  being  still  in  the  hands  of  a  member  of  the 
familv." — Copied  from  Leicester  Chronicle  and  Mercury, 
Feb.  2,  1867. 

W.  O.  Dawso^t, 

Anontmotjs  (.3'''  S.  xi.  115.)  — Apoloffij  for  a 
Protestant  Dissent  and  Three  Letteis  on  Systhnatic 
Taste  were  written  by  Caleb  Fleming,  D.D.  See 
a  list  of  his  works  in  Wilson's  History  of  Bissent- 
ing  Churches  in  London,  ii.  288-9. 

I  would  be  glad  if  your  correspondent  Wm.  E. 
A.  Axox  would  favour  me  with  his  address. 

S.  Halkett. 

Advocates'  Librarj'-,  Edinburgh. 

_  Calaber  (3"»  S.  xi.  G7.)— I  take  the  liberty  of 
giving  another  instance  of  the  use  of  this  word  in 
an  extract  from  a  Chapter  Minute  of  Christ  Church, 
Dublin  (1543-1565),  quoted  in  my  introduction 


to  The  Book  of  Obits  and  Martyroloyy  of  the  Ca- 
thedral CMirch  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  cojnmmdy 
called  Christ  Church,  Did)lin,  p.  xcii.  The  term 
"  calaber  amyse  "  is  there  used  to  signify  the  per- 

!  son  or  functionary  by  whom  the  calaber  amj'-ce 

j  was  worn :  — 

"  Also  the  three  prebendaries  with  the  Senior  Calaber 
i  Amj'ses  to  singe  high  Masse,  all  masses   of  the  Time 
[de  tempore],  and  second  Masse  daily." 

Again  — 

"  Item,  that  no  prebend,  or  Calaber  Ames,  or  other 
viccar,  shall  walke  in  the  churche  in  tyme  of  divine  ser- 
vice without  the  abyte." 

See  my  note  on  these  passages  in  the  work  re- 
ferred to.  James  H.  Todd,  D.D. 

Trin.  Coll.  Dublin. 

Lines  on  the  Efcharist  (2°'^  S.  v.  438 ;  S'*^ 
S.  x.  519;  xi.  66.) — "It  was  the  Lord  that  spake 
it,"  &c.  In  your  editorial  answer  to  the  query 
first  mentioned,  you  state  that  the  lines  in  ques- 
tion are  given  by  Miss  Strickland  as  extemporised 
by  Queen  Elizabeth,  on  the  authority  of  Camden, 
in  one  of  his  works  not  named. 

There  seems  little  doubt  that  Miss  Strickland 
was  right,  for  in  a  note  in  Himie's  History  of 
England  (ed.  1812),  iv.  443,  the  same  story 
is  related,  and  the  authority  quoted  is  Baker's 
Chronicle,  p.  320.  Sir  Richard  Baker  was  born 
in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  1568,  and  died 
in  1645.  Edward  Foss. 

Betting  (3^^  S.  x.  448  ;  xi.  119.)— In  Evelyn's 
Journal,  under  the  date  Oct.  21,  1644,  is  the 
following :  — 

"Ligorue.  Here,  especially  in  this  Piazza,  is  such  a 
concourse  of  slaves,  Turks,  Mores,  and  other  nations,  that 

the  confusion  is  prodigious Here  was  a  tent 

where  any  idle  fellow  might  stake  his*  liberty  against  a 
few  crowns  at  dice  or  other  hazard ;  and  if'he  lost,  he 
was  immediatlj'  chayn'd  and  led  away  to  the  gallys, 
where  he  was  to  serve  a  tearm  of  yeares,  but  from  whence 
they  seldom  returned.  Many  sottish  persons  in  a  drunken 
bravado  Avould  try  their  fortunes  in  this  way." 

Clarry. 
Hitchcock,  a  Spinet-maker  (S""^  S.  xi.  55.) — 
In  The  History  of  the  Pianofoi-te,  p.  68,  is  the  fol- 
lowing passage  :  — 

"  The  Hitchcocks  and  Haywards,  fathers  and  sons, 
were  the  great  makers  of  spinets  in  London  in  the  first 
three-quarters  of  the  seventeenth  century.  John  Hitch- 
cock made  these  little  instruments  of  a  compass  of  five 
octaves.  Several  specimens  are  still  extant  bearing  dates 
between  1620  and  1640.  The  keys  were  of  ebony  having 
ivory  fronts,  the  fiats  and  sharps  "inlaid  with  narrow  slips 
of  ivorj'." 

w.  c. 

About  Pantomimes  (3^'^  S.  x.  490.)  —  I  can 
corroborate  Mr.  Pinkerton,  if  indeed  any  should 
be  wanted,  as  to  the  above.  I  possess  characters  of 
Clowns,  Pantaloons,  Harlequins,  and  Columbines, 


226 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  March  1G,  '67 


firom  1811  to  about  1830,  published  by  Jameson, 
13,  Duke's  Court,  Bow  Street ;  Hodgson  of  New- 
gate Street;  West  of  Wycli  Street:  and  J.  K. 
Green,  sold  by  Burtensliaw,  130,  St.  Martin's 
Lane.  I  believe  I  have  Grimaldiin  nearly  all  the 
celebrated  characters  he  played.  It  T»-oiild  be  in- 
teresting to  knovp-  where  ]Mr.  HaUiday  obtained 
the  character  he  describes,  which  is  one  of  Gri- 
maldi's  disguises.  Ealph  Thoitas. 

1,  Powis  Place,  W.C. 

EoTH^DELS  (3"*  S.  xi.  18.)— Having  referred  to 
all  the  former  notices  of  these  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I 
send  a  brief  account  of  a  set  which  I  saw  some 
years  ago  in  Manchester,  and  Wiiich  do  not  appear 
to  have  been  described  in  your  pages.  They  were 
in  a  small  circular  beechen  box,  like  an  old  spice- 
box,  upon  the  convex  lid  of  which  had  been 
painted  the  royal  arms  of  England.  The  twelve 
roundels  were  thin  circular  discs  of  beech  wood  ; 
one  side  elaborately  and  gaudily  painted  in  red, 
green,  and  other  colours,  and  also  gilded,  rudely 
representing  fruit  and  flowers.  In  the  centre  of 
each,  a  circle  two  inches  in  diameter  is  occupied 
by  a  quatrain,  chiefly  relating  to  the  single  and 
the  maiTied  state.  I  copied  all  twelve,  but  the 
foUovdng  may  sufiice  as  specimens :  — 

"  Aske  tliou  thie  wife  if  shee  can  tell 
Wheather  shee  in  marriadge  hath  spead  well ; 
And  lett  her  speak  as  shee  dooth  know, 
For  twentie  poundes  shee  will  say — Xo. 
"  Hee  that  dooth  read  this  verse  even  now, 
May  happ  to  have  a  lowring  sow  ; 
Whose  lookes  are  liked  nothinge  so  had 
As  is  her  toange  to  make  him  niadd. 
"  I-shrew  his  hart  that  married  mee, 
Mv  wife  and  I  can  never  agree  : 
A  shrewish  qaeane  bv  thisl  sweare, 
The  goodma^'s  breech  she  thinkes  to  weare. 
"  If  thou  bee  younge,  then  marrie  not  yett ; 
If  thou  bee  olde,  thou  hast  more  witt : 
ForyoiTnge  men's  wives  will  not  bee  taught, 
And  olde  men's  wives  bee  good  for  naught. 
"Iff  that  a  bachelor  thou  bee, 
Keep  thee  so  still :  be  ruled  bv  mee  : 
Least  that  repentance  aU  toFo]  late 
Keward  thee  with  a  broken  pate. 
"  Littell  thought  doth  j-our  husband  take 
lor  you,  wheather  you  sleepp  or  wake  ; 
His  mmd  is  sett  on  another  place, 
Tiiist  not  to  him  for  love  or  grace." 
Seven  of  the  twelve  quatrains  are  addressed  to 
bachelors  or  husbands,  and  only  one  directly  to  a 
wife.   From  the  decorations  of  these  roundels  I  do 
not  thmli  they  can  have  been  used  for  green  or 
fresh  Ixiuts,  as  grapes,  currants,  strawberries,  cher- 
ries, &c.  would  stam  the  wood.     They  mav  have 
been  used  for  dried  fruits  or  confectionary.  '  Thev 
seem  all  to  have  been  verv  similar  in  form,  ma- 
terial, style  of  rhyme,  &c.,  and  are  probablv  of 
ludor  times.     I  mclme  to  the  notion  that  thev 


were  used  in  society  as  some  kinds  of  conversation 
cards,  or  as  the  mottoes  in  hon-hons  or  crackers, 
to  cause  laughter  by  the  application  of  the  quatrain 
to  the  person  who  held  it  for  the  moment. 

Cetjx. 
EusH  RiXGS  (3'i  S.  ix.  191.)— Eeferring  to  some 
communications  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  «fc  Q."  as  to 
marriage  with  a  rush  ring — some  conceived  in  a 
pleasant  style,  and  one  exhibiting  more  apparent 
research — there  is  one  on  the  page  above  given 
signed  E.  "W.  B.,  D.D.  The  proposition  there  put 
forward  that  it  was  in  France  that  the  rush  ring 
was  anciently  in  use  for  the  purpose  of  marriage  in 
cases  of  comparative  necessity  must  be  received 
with  some  qualification.  This  will  appear  from  the 
circumstance  that  in  the  Museum  of  the  Eoyal 
Irish  Academy  there  isasmallsilverbox  exquisitely 
ornamented  in  niello,  having  on  it  something  like 
a  floreated  cross,  but  no  inscription;  and  further, 
the  remains  of  a  small  loop  by  which  it  was  pro- 
bably suspended  round  the  neck,  as  reliquaries  and 
other  valued  jewels  often  were  in  the  fifteenth  and 
sixteenth  centuries,  to  which  period  this  interesting 
box  or  case  may  be  referred.  It  is  found  to  contain 
a  rush  ring  carefully  wrapped  up  in  a  small  piece 
of  fine  liuen  or  cambric.  It  is  not  yet  noticed  in 
the  printed  portion  of  the  Catalogue  published  by 
Sir  Wm.  Wilde  of  the  contents  of  the  Museum, 
but  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  R.  I.  A.,  under  date 
of  November  13,  1854,  is  a  "  List  of  Antiquities 
presented  to  the  Academy  by  Joseph  Huband 
Smith  " ;  being  eighteen  in  number,  of  varying 
degrees  o:  historical  and  archaeological  interest. 
Xo.  9  is  described  as  follows :  — 

"  A  lozenge-shaped  silver  reliquary  ornamented  in 
niello,  containing  a  ring  of  plaited  rush,  and  a  piece  of 
linen  cloth,  found  in  a  small  ai-tificial  cave  at  Straid- 
calye,  near  Glenarm,  county  of  Antrim,  in  1839." 

This  little  and  somewhat  obscure  village  will 
be  found  on  sheet  No.  25  of  the  Ordnance  Survey, 
where  the  name  is  spelled  Straidkelh',  on  the  old 
and  now  disused  mountain  road  in  the  townland  of 
Parishagh.  The  cave  in  which  this  little  silver 
box  or  case  was  found  might  rather  be  described 
as  a  gulley  or  passage  in  one  of  the  duns  or  ruined 
circular  forts  or  entrenchments  so  common  in  Ire- 
land, frequently,  but,  as  judicious  archseologists 
are  well  aware,  most  erroneously  ascribed  wholly 
to  "  the  Danes."  Its  proximity  to  the  coast,  how- 
ever, makes  it  somewhat  probable  that  it  was 
erected  by  some  of  the  Northmen  or  other  in- 
vaders from  the  isles  of  Scotland  or  some  other 
part  of  the  opposite  coast. 

A  query  naturally  arises,  Was  tlie  box  and  its 
contents  of  Irish  or  foreign  origin  ? 

J.  HuBAXD  Smith,  M.E.I.A. 

Mrs.  Hax^'ah  Besavick  (3"1  S.  xi.  166.)— This 
lady's  singular  bequest  has  before  been  the  sub- 
ject of  remark  in"N.  &  Q."     The  letter  dated 


S"*  S.  XI.  March  16,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


22: 


1758,  apparently  in  tli»  possession  of  your  corre- 
spondent, and  it  may  be  also  a  copy  of  her  will, 
would  probably  furnish  some  particulars  of  her 
family,  and  of  the  circumstances  which  led  to 
her  body  being  embalmed,  and  of  its  being  at 
present  "  above  ground."  There  is  no  doubt,  1 
believe,  that  Charles  White,  Esq.,  F.E.S.,  the 
celebrated  Manchester  surgeon,  obtained  much  of 
the  lady's  property.  She  was  popularly  called 
"  Mrs.  Beswick,"  although  unmarried.  Who  were 
her  trustees  and  executrixes  ?  R. 

Heraldic  Qfert  (S^^  S.  xi.  178.) — Thomas 
Fotheringham,  of  Pourie,  married  Margaret  Gib- 
son, daughter  of  Sir  Alexander  Gibson,  one  of 
the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Justice  (Lord 
Durie)  1621,  and  of  his  wife  Margaret,  daughter 
of  Sir  Thomas  Craig,  of  Riccarton,  Lord  Advo- 
cate. F. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 
A  Thousand  and  One  Gems  of  English  Poetry.  Selected 
and  arranged  by  Charles  Mackay.  Illustrated^  hy  J.  E. 
Millais,  John  Gilbert,  and  Birket  Foster.  (Routledge.) 
While  the  editor  of  this  compact  and  niceh'-printed 
volume  has  aimed  at  producing  within  its  limits  one 
great  panoramic  view  of  the  masterpieces  of  English 
poetry,  from  Chaucer  to  our  own  days,  the  publishers  have 
desired  to  issue  it  in  a  style  and  ,it  a  price  which  should 
recommend  it  to  the  taste  of  the  rich,  without  placing  it 
be3'ond  the  means  of  the  poor.  The  name  of  Charles 
Mackay,  himself  no  feeble  songster,  as  is  proved  by  his 
"  Tubal  Cain  "  and  man}'  other  dainty  poems  properh-- 
included  in  the  present  volume — the  name  of  Charles 
Mackay  is  a  guarantee  that  the  selection  will  have  been 
made  with  good  taste  and  the  right  poetic  feeling.  And 
so  it  is  ;  and  we  do  not  know,  if  we  were  desired  to  name 
a  good  series  of  specimens  of  our  English  Bards,  any 
selection  more  suited  for  the  purpose  than  this  cheap  and 
pretty  volume. 

Les  Gazettes  de  Hollande  et  La  Presse  Clandestines  aux 
XVII<^  ct  XVIIIe  Siecles,  par  Eugfene  Hatin.  (Wil- 
liams &  Norgate.) 

Those  who  know  anything  of  the  influence  exercised, 
and  the  terror  inspired  in  crowned  heads,  bj^  the  Gazette 
de  Hollande,  which  Bayle  characterised  as"le  vehicle  des 
medisances  de  I'Europe,"  will  readily  believe  what  an 
interesting  contribution  this  book  is"  to  the  history  of 
European  journalism.  With  what  delight  would  our  old 
friend  the  learned  author  of  The  Curiosities  of  Literature 
have  followed  M.  Hatin's  curious  details  ! 
Books  i;eceived. — 

A  travers  Champs  :  Flaneries,  par  Le  Chevalier  de  Cha- 
telain.     (Rolandi.) 

A  volume  of  graceful  verses  and  interesting  legends  ; 
among  the  former,  one  on  the  destruction  of  Chaucer's 
Tabard  in  Southwark  points  the  moral  of  this  age  of 
change  — 

"  Eien  n'est  sacre  pour  un  ma^on." 

Messrs.  Routledge  &  Co.  have  sent  us  so  large  a 
parcel  of  those  cheap  and  useful  books  which  they  aim  at 
producing,  that,  in  justice  to  them  and  to  ourselves,  we 
must  briefly  acknowledge  them.     First,  we  have  Practi- 


cal Housekeeping,  or  the  Duties  of  a  Home-  Wife,  hj  Mrs. 
Pedley — a  shilling's  worth  of  good,  sound  common  sense ; 
and  a  companion  volume,  Handy  Book  of  the  Law  of 
London  Cabs  and  Omnibuses ;  Routledge' s  Ready  Reckoner, 
by  John  Heatou,  which  contains  no  less  than  63,000 
calculations  ;  a  neatly  printed  Topographical  Dictionary 
of  Gi-eat  Britain  and  Ireland,  by  Francis  Stephens. 
Among  works  of  fiction,  we  have  a  neatly  printed  sliUling 
edition  of  Lord  Lytton's  Nigld  and  Morning,  Ernest  3Ial- 
travers,  Alice,  &c. — andean  cheapness  go  beyondit.' — clear 
and  well-printed  sixpenny  editions  of  Cooper's  Pibt, 
Water  Witch,  The  Last  of  the  Mohicans,  Red  Rover,  &c. ; 
and,  lastly,  a  new  shilling's  worth  of  American  Humour, 
Betsy  Jane  Ward  (Better  Half  to  Artemus),  Hur  Book  of 
Goals,  Lastly,  for  Children's  Books,  we  have  The  Child's 
Coimtry  Book  in  Words  to  Two  Syllables,  by  Thomas 
Miller,  with  sixteen  coloured  illustrations;  and  The  Good 
Child's  Coloured  Picture  Book,  with  twenty-four  large 
plates,  both  calculated  to  fill  the  nursery  with  shouts  of 
delight. 

Black's  Guide  to  the  Paris  LdernationalExhibition  of  18(j7. 
Comprehensive,  compact,  and  cheap,  for  it  has  a  Map 
of  Paris  and  Plan  of  the  Exhibition  for  Si.rpeyice  ! 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 
"WANTED   TO   PUECHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &0.,  of  the  foUowinz  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  geatleraen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 

J.  T.  Sekhes,  Marine  Painter   to   His  Majestt.    8vo, 


1826. 
GArrXAKDBT,  M^MOIHES  DO     ChEVAI-IE 

1836. 

CuMBKBiAND.    8vo.    No  date. 
The  WBO.VGS   OK    U.K  U.  the    Pnim 
And  any  other  Pamphlets  by  her. 
Wanted  by  William  J.  TUottis.  E. 


Eo.v.    2  tomes.    8vo,    Paris. 
n.R.H.  Olive  Princess  op 

OF   CCJIBBHLAND.     8V0,    1833. 


Records    oe    Cf 
edition. 
Wanted  by 


Sumner,  Bishop  of  Cheater.    Ut 
,  Plowden  Buildings, 


First  12  Vols.,  and  Vol.  XVII.,  Engravings,  &c,  col- 
laitd,  in  covers  or  bound. 
Chalmers' Caledoma.    Vol.  III.    SmuU  paper. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  A.  Jenise,  Brechin,  N.  B. 

History  OP  Essex,  by  a  Gentleman  (Muilman).    6  Vols.    Chelmsford 

l?69-72. 
Nichols's  ItLusTRATioNs.    1797. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  J.  Piggot,  .Tun.,  The  Elms,  Ulting,  Maldon,  Es-sez. 


PLEASE  "WRITE  PLAINLY.—  JFe  must  again  impress  on  ovr 
Correspondents  the  necessitti  of  writing  so  thai  we  csm  resLii  what  the/f 
write.  Many  communications  have  reached  us  latehj  so  difficult  to  de- 
cipher, that,  injustice  both  to  oursehes  and  to  the  Printers,  we  have  con- 
iigned  them,  not  to  the  press,  but  to  the  waste-paper  basket. 

A.'s  request  ivill  be  complied  with. 

"W.  H.  S.  We  arc  verv  sorri/,  but  really  hare  not  time  to  trace  out 
quotations  at  the  British  Museum. 

Head  of  Odr  Savioor.— J.  G.  is  referred  to  "  N.  &  Q."  Ist  S.  vi.  i\l, 
496,  521 ,  and  2nd  S.  iii.  289,  ZbS,Jor  information  on  the  suhject. 

Nostradamus T.  W.  it  referred  to  the  numerous  articles  on  these 

Prophecies  in  our  First  andSecond  Series. 

Clerical  Costume  is,  we  think,  worn  threadbare. 

.loHNsoN  Baily.  Some  particulars  of  Bishop  Si/dserfinay  be  found  in 
"  N.  &  Q  "  3rd  S.  ii.  471  i  vi.  275, 338, 356;  vii.  21, 145,  and  Pepys's  Uiarsf, 
June  9,  1661. 

A.  W.  B.  Six  articles  on  the  origin  of  the  Penny  Post  appeared  in 
the  third  volume  of  our  FirU  Series. 

Errata 3rd  S.  xi.  p.  207,  col.  i.  line  10,  far  "  Greek  Church  "  read 

"Gre«t  Church";  col.  ii.  line  20,/or"  1844  "  reati"  1847." 

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ready,  and  maybe  had  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen,  price  \s.id.i 
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228 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Sfd  S.  XI.  Makcii  16,  '67. 


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FOR 

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..    6.  RICHARD  BENTLEY,  &C. 

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8.  LEADERS  in  LITERATURE. 

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S'd  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


229 


L0ND02<r,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  23,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— N"  273. 


NOTES:  — Dr.  Cvril  Jackson.  229  —  Maxwell  of  PoUok  or 
Police.  230  —  The  Biography  of  Hogarth,  231  —  Parish 
Church,  Croydon,  76.  — John  Baarford, /6.  —  Early  English 
Text  Society  —  Richard  Gilpin,  D.D.,  Author  of"  Daemoa- 
ologia  Sacra  "  —  Hymnolosy— Common  Courtesy  —  Spain  : 
Legal  Reverence  for  Human  Life— Inscriptions  on  old 
Pictures  —  Gloucestershire  Cure  for  the  Toothache,  232. 

QUERIES :  —  Astronomy  and  History  —  Boctovers  —  Chess 

—  Commentarv  on  St.  Matthew  — Rev.  Joseph  Fletcher- 
Foxhunting- Lord  Gray  of  Gray  — The  Jews  in  England 

—  Killigrew  Family  —  Lines  on  a  Vicar  and  Curate  — 
Locket  Miniature  of  Charles  I.  —  Norwich  Cathedral  — 
Poulton    Family  —  Quotations,  References,  &c.,  wanted 

—  Rust  removed  from  Metals  —  Swift  Family,  234. 

QuEKiES  WITH  Ajtswers  :  —  Earl  of  Seaforth  —  County 
Keepers  —  Sir  John  Fenwick  —  Rev.  Nathaniel  Ward's 
Writings  —  French  Heraldry  —  Parvenche  —  Roo-dee  — 
Hanby  Hall  —  Sir  Billy  of  Billericay,  236. 

REPLIES :  -  Scot,  a  Local  Prefix,  239  —  The  Destruction  of 
Priestley's  Library,  lb.  —  Pinkerton  Correspondence  :  the 
Two  Robertsons,  240  — "Hambletonian"  and  "  Diamond," 
241  —  Prison  Life  —  Horse-Chestnut  —  Salmagundi  —  Ar- 
mitage  —  To  Kythe  —  Nothing  New  under  the  Suu  :  Con- 
iugal  Misunderstanding- Advertising  — William  Tatton 

—  Leslie  Family  —  St.  Hilary's  Day  —  Quotations  wanted 

—  Marriage  Queries  —  "  The  Sea  Piece  "  —  Church  Dedi- 
cation :  Wellingborough  —  Menmath  —  Dancing  before 
the  High  Altar  at  Seville  —  Lincolnshire  Bagpipe  —  Ci- 
thern :  Rebeck  —  Dalmahoy  Family  —  Papal  Bulls  in 
favour  of  Freemasons— Cathedral  of  Aberdeen— Vaughan  : 
Docwra  — Civil  Wars  —  Bows  and  Arrow,  when  last  used 

—  Hannah  Lightfoot  —  Christmas  Box  —  Hymnolosy  — 
Thomas,  Lord  Cromwell,  a  Singer  and  Comedian  —  Ballad 
Queries  —  Historical  Query  —  Goldsmith's  Degree  at 
Padua  — Whittle,  &c.,  241. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


DE.  CYEIL  JACKSON. 

In  The  Manchester  School  Register,  edited  for 
the  Clieetliam  Society  by  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Smith, 
M.A.,  is  an  interesting  account  of  this  distinguished 
^'  Alumnus  "  (vol.  i.  pp.  62,  63),  who  received  the 
former  part  of  his  education  at  Manchester,  before 
proceeding  to  Westminster. 

The  Editor  quotes  a  passage  from  the  Oxford 
Journal,  in  which  it  is  stated  "  that  he  (Dr.  Jack- 
son) never  favoured  the  world  with  any  publication 
which  he  was  so  well  qualified  to  enlighten  and 
instruct."  This,  doubtless,  appeared  shortly  after 
the  death  of  that  excellent  man  and  able  scholar, 
at  Felpham  in  Sussex,  Aug.  31,  1819,  to  which 
living  he  had  retired  on  his  resignation  of  the 
Deanery  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 

This  statement  is,  however,  incorrect ;  for  on 
a  recent  visit  to  a  friend  of  high  classical  and 
mathematical  attamments,  he  put  into  my  hands 
an  imperfect  copy  of  the  Clio,  or  Book  i.  of  Hero- 
dotus, edited  by  the  Dean.  There  might  perhaps 
have  been  ten  or  a  dozen  leaves — some  on  small, 
others  on  larger  paper,  of  octavo  size :  proving 
that  at  any  rate,  at  some  time  or  other,  copies  of 


two  kinds  were  extant.  There  were  Latin  notes 
by  the  Dean  at  the  foot  of  the  pages,  and  the 
missing  notes  on  the  lost  pages  had  been  copied 
out  in  MS.  and  put  in  the  volume  interleaved  for 
the  purpose — a  largish  octavo  half-bound. 

This  had  been  done  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  F^ilconer, 
once  a  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxford, 
who  had  been  an  '^ Alumnus"  of  Manchester 
School,  and  was  afterwards  a  physician  for  many 
vears  in  high  repute  in  Bath,  where  he  died  in 
1839.  Prefixed  to  it  was  the  following  inscrip- 
tion, in  the  handwriting  of  the  Doctor  :  — 

"  Notre  in  Herodoti  lib.  Imum^  quem  Vir  Eeverendis- 
simus  Cj'rillus  Jackson,  S.T.P.,  olim  ^Edis  Xti  Decanus, 
imprimi  curavit  typis  Clarendonianoe,  impressum  nihili 
fccerunt  Amici  ejus  post  Clar^i  Editoris  mortem." 

"  Has  notas  descripsi  ex  exemplar!,  quantum  scio, 
unico  superstite  :  reliquoruni  schedis  hue  illuc  per  Aca- 
demiara  Oxoniensem  sparsis  a  Bibliopola  quodam,  qui 
sues,  quos  vendebat,  libros,  solebat  involvere  una  inter- 
dum  scheda,  interdum  pluribus,  non  iterum  in  tomis 
colligendis,  atque  ex  Editoris  Amicorum  jussu  et  judicio 
ita  emendatis."  • 

Is  it  known  how  many  copies  on  each  size  of 
paper  were  published,  and  what  was  the  date  of 
each? 

Are  any  supposed  to  be  extant,  in  a  perfect 
condition,  in  public  or  private  libraries  ?  If  so, 
they  must  indeed  be  valuable  from  their  rarity. 
Again,  only  the  C^io  was  ever  published. 

Dr.  Cyril  Jackson  was  Dean  of  Christ  Church 
for  twenty-four  years,  from  1783  to  1809,  and  on 
his  resignation  spent  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life 
at  Felpham,  where  he  died  at  the  age  of 
seventy-six. 

The  following  beautiful  lines,  written  by  him, 
transcribed  from  the  Manchester  School  Register, 
will,  I  am  sure,  interest  classical  readers  of 
"  K  &  Q." :  — 

"  Si  mihi  si  fas  sit  traducere  leniter  se\'Tim, 

Non  pompam,  non  opes,  non  mihi  regna  petam  ; 
Vellem  ut  divini  pandens  mysteria  verbi 

Virtute  ac  pura  sim  pietate  sacer  ; 
Curtatis  decimis  modicoque  beatus  agello, 

Vitam  secreto  in  rure  quietus  agam. 
Sint  pariter  comites  Grai»  Latinjeque  Camoenae  : 

Et  lepida  faveat  conjuge  castus  Hymen. 
Jam  satis  !  a3ternum  spes,  cura  timorque  valete  I 

Hoc  tantum  superest — '  Discere  posse  mori.'  " 

These  wishes  must  have  been  gratified,  and 
Felpham  have  afibrded  as  complete  a  "  secretum 
iter  et  fallentis  semita  vitte  "  as  he  could  tave 
desired ;  and  on  his  death,  to  no  one  could  the 
Horatian  line  have  applied  better  — 

"  Multis  ille  bonis  fiebilis  occidit.-' 

The  good  Dean  was  well  known  to  be  an  ardent 
admirer  of  the  "  Father  of  History,"  and  the 
labour  of  editing  the  works  of  Herodotus  could 
not  well  have  been  placed  in  hands  more  com- 
petent to  execute  a  task  so  difficult. 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S-^d  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67. 


It  miglit  -witli  trutli  Idg  said  of  liim,  and  have 
been  an  appropriate  epitaph,  that  he  was  — 
"...    a  scholar,  and  a  ripe  and  good  one, 
Exceeding  wise,  fair-spoken,  and  persuading." 

OXOXIEXSIS. 
Horsmonden,  co.  Kent. 


MAXWELL  OF  POLLOK  OR  POLLOC. 

The  male  representation  of  this  ancient  family 
having  apparently  failed  in  the  direct  line,  we 
were  desirous  of  making  some  inquiry  on  this 
poiut,  and  it  was  suggested  that  some  light  might 
be  thrown  on  the  subject  in  two  large  volumes  in 
4to,  privately  printed  at  the  expense  of  the  late 
Baronet,  entitled  Memorials  of  the  Maxivells  of 
Polloh.  The  illustrations  are  the  best  portion  of 
these  massive  tomes  ;  they  are  exceedingly  pretty, 
and  deserving  of  every  praise.  The  portraits  of 
the  ladies  of  the  family  are  especially  attractive. 

In  the  second  volume  thei*  is  a  plate  of  arms 
which  certainly  created  surprise,  as  it  has  sup- 
porters of  a  verj'  different  description  from  those 
hitherto  used  by  the  Polloc  family.  Two  horrid 
looking  animals,  intended  for  lions  we  suppose, 
have  supplanted  the  apes  or  monkeys  which  for 
"upwards  of  three  centuries  had  guarded  the  shield 
of  the  Maxwells.  How  has  this  happened  ?  The 
late  Sir  John  Maxwell  surely  had  too  much  good 
taste  to  give  any  sanction  to  this  vulgar  substitu- 
tion, and  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  never  coun- 
tenanced it  by  any  public  exhibition  of  the  lions 
on  his  carriage  or  plate. 

From  time  immemorial  the  supporters  of  the 
Polloc  family  have  been,  according  to  Nisbet,  "Two 
monkeys  or  apes  proper."  His  assertion  is  verified 
in  the  most  satisfactory  manner,  for  he  says  that 
he  had  seen  them  "  on  a  seal  of  one  of  his  (Lord 
Pollock's)  progenitors.  Lairds  of  Pollock  in  the 
reign  of  Robert  III.  appended  to  a  charter  in  the 
custody  of  the  present  Lord" ;  adding  that  this  was 
"  an  early  instance  of  barons  having  supporters," 
meaning  feudal  barons,  not  "  Domini  Parlia- 
ments" Accordingly,  in  the  plate  of  the  Pollok 
arms  in  jSI^isbet  the  apes  are  given  "  all  proper." 

Nisbet  is  the  great  authority  in  Scotland  on  all 
such  matters ;  and  we  should'be  inclined  to  hold 
his  assertion  to  be  correct,  even  without  the  col- 
lateral evidence  afforded  by  the  fact  that  Lord 
Pollbk  was  his  cotemporary,  an  astute  Scotish 
judge  of  ancient  race,  who,  so  far  from  objecting 
to  the  apes,  actually  appears  to  have  given  evi- 
dence himself  on  the  subject.  Doubtlessly  he 
took  as  much  delight  in  his  monkej-s  as  a  Geral- 
dine  or  a  St.  John  did,  and  presently  do  in  theirs. 
There  then  probably  existed  some  legend  about 
them  which  has  been  lost.  From  the  crest  of  the 
Saracen's  head  we  might  conjecture,  with  more 


plausibility  than  usually  attaches  to  such  infer- 
ences, that  the  arms  and  supporters  arose  out  of 
some  exploit  of  a  Mac-us-well  in  Palestine  during 
the  Crusades — ^  follower,  perhaps,  of  the  Prince 
of  Scotland. 

But  be  this  as  it  may,  irrespective  of  Lord  Pol- 
lok's  ancient  seal,  it  can  be  proved  that,  during 
the  reign  either  of  Maiy  or  James,  the  apes  were 
the  supporters  of  the  Pollok  shield,  as  in  Work- 
man's MS.,  presently  in  the  Lyon  Office,  they 
are  there  given.  They  occur  also  in  a  MS.  a  cen- 
tury afterwards. 

How  is  all  this  met?  By  reference  to  a  not 
very  distinct  seal,  alleged  to  be  that  of  "  Sir  John 
Maxwell  of  Pollok,  1400,"  of  which  a  representa- 
tion occurs  in  vol.  ii.  p.  374  of  the  jMemorials. 
Judging  from  this  copy — in  so  far  as  anything  can 
be  made  of  it  —  one  of  the  lions  is  imcommonly 
like  a  monkey,  and  the  other  mat/  have  some  in- 
distinct resemblance  to  a  lion,  but  that  is  all. 
Indeed,  without  seeing  the  original  it  is  impos- 
sible to  form  a  correct  judgment.  Doctors  are 
said  to  ditter  in  opinion,  and  so  do  antiquaries. 
Mr.  Henry  Laing  has,  in  his  very  valuable  work 
on  Scotish  Seals,  taken  for  granted  that  they  are 
veritable  lions ;  but  a  contrary  opinion  is  held  in 
other  quarters. 

Here,  therefore,  there  is  on  the  one  hand  the 
undoubted  usage  of  these  supporters  for  at  least 
three  centuries  proved  by  incontestable  evidence — 
supported  by  their  being  recognised,  not  by  an 
ignorant  Scotish  laird,  but  by  a  distinguished 
judge  of  the  land — a  learned  man  well  versed  in 
such  matters— a  baronet  proud  of  his  ancestry — 
who,  to  perpetuate  his  name,  had  sufficient  poli- 
tical influence  to  obtain  in  1707  a  new  and  most 
unusual  renewed  patent  of  his  honours,  by  which 
a  remainder  was  conferred  upon  his  heirs  what- 
!  soever  of  entail.  Was  this  distinguished  man 
ashamed  of  supporters  which  a  Ivildare  and  a 
St.  John  proudly  bore  ? 

Opposed  to  this,  what  is  there  ? — a  seal  said  to 
be  dated  "  1400,"  of  a  very  indistinct  chai-acter, 
in  which,  even  as  represented  in  the  Memorials, 
one  of  the  supporters  can  readily  be  supposed  to 
Idc  a  monke}",  whatever  the  other  may  be.  We 
beg  to  ask,  have  these  recently-discovered  sup- 
porters ever  been  recognised  by  the  Lord  Lyon  ? 
We  have  the  most  positive  antipathy  to  these 
alterations,  especially  where  they  are  for  the 
worse.  Lots  of  parvenus  can  have  lions  to  adorn 
their  escutcheons;  but  ancient  races  like  the 
Geraldines  and  St.  Johns  are  too  proud  of  their 
ancestral  supporters  to  reject  them  for  the  fanciful 
conjectm-es  of  modern  pretenders  to  heraldry. 


J.  M. 


Edinburgh. 


3"i  S.  XI,  March  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEPvIES. 


231 


THE  BIOGRAPHY  OF  HOGARTH: 

A  manuscript  note  of  old  date,  on  a  diminutive 
scrap  of  flimsy  paper,  sliows  signs  of  decay,  and 
seems  to  claim  the  revivifying'  powers  of  the 
press :  — 

"  Aiiecdotes  of  Mr.  Hogarth,  8°  pp.  64.  This  imperfect 
pamphlet  is  curious  as  being  the  first  essay  towards  the 
Life  of  Hogarth.  About  half-a-dozen  were  printed,  and 
all  destroyed  except  this  copy.  Whoever  will  take  the 
pains  of  comparing  this  with  the  published  one  will  ob- 
serve some  very  material  alterations.  See  particularly 
p.  22,  where  the  severe  reflections  on  Mr.  Walpole  are 
almost  wholly  omitted.  That  part  of  the  pamphlet  was 
written  by  Mr.  Steevens ;  much  of  the  remainder  by 
myself;  some  by  Mr.  Nichols,  and  many  corrections  by 
other  hands. 

!<=  Eeed.  17  Nov.  1807. 

For  this  curious  fragment  I  paid  at  the  sale  of  Isaac 
Eeed's  Books  £2  18  0  [Bib.  R.  3057.] 

G.  B.  [George  Baker.]" 

The  library  of  Mr.  Baher,  wlio  is  characterised 
by  Dibdin,  with  bis  accustomed  flippancy,  as  "  of 
UNiQTJE  memory,"  was  sold  by  auction  by  Mr.  S. 
Sotheby  in  1825,  at  which  time  I  must  have 
transcribed  the  aboveinote.  The  Life  of  Hogarth 
to  which  it  refers  is  the  volume  edited  by  Mr. 
John  Nichols  in  1781, 1782,  and  1785.  The  latter 
edition  is  thus  entitled  :  — 

"  Biographical  anecdotes  of  William  Hogarth  ;  with  a 
catalogue  of  his  works  chronologicalli/  arraiiged  ;  and  occa- 
sional remarks.  The  third  edition,  enlarged  and  corrected. 
[By  J.  N.]  London  :  printed  by  and  for  John  Nichols, 
in  Red-lion-passage,  Fleet-street.  1785."  8°.  Engraved 
title  +  pp.  XX +532. 

Mr.  Nichols  gives  his  initials  only,  but  he  names 
more  than  sixty  persons  from  whom  he  had  re- 
ceived incidental  intelligence.  Steevens  and  Reed 
appear,  without  any  mark  of  distinction,  in  their 
alphabetic  positions. 

The  copy  before  me  came  from  the  collection 
of  the  rev.  Stephen  Weston,  a  learned  and  dis- 
cursive inquirer.  It  has  his  book-stamp,  and 
some  short  notes  in  his  handwriting.  The  first 
note  in  '■^  B  A  by  George  Steevens."  I  thence 
infer  that  he  was  aware  of  the  particulars  re- 
corded by  honest  Isaac  Reed. 

BOLTQ]^  COENEY. 


PARISH  CHURCH,  CROYDON. 
The  following  may  be  of  interest  to  some  of 
the  readers  of  "N.   &  Q.,"  though  it  has  been 
copied  from  newspapers  :  — 

"  The  tower  contained  a  fine-toned  peal  of  eight  bells, 
cue  of  which  (the  tenor)  fell  to  the  basement  of  the  tower, 
cracked  and  useless  ;  the  other  seven  are  believed  to  be 
melted.  These  bells  were  cast  by  Thomas  Lister,  of 
London,  in  1738,  and  contained  the  following  inscrip- 
tions :  — 

"  '  1.  My  voice  I  will  raise, 

And  sound  to  m}'  subscribers'  praise 
At  proper  times. 

Thomas  Lister  made  me,  1738.' 


"  The  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  bells  merely 
contained  the  maker's  name,  and  the  year  in  which  they 
were  cast.    On  the  seventh  bell  was  inscribed  — 

"'Robert    Oshorn    and    Francis     Meagher,    Church- 
wardens.' 
"  '  Thomas  Lister,  Loudon,  fecit,  1738.' 
"  And  on  the  eighth — 

"  '  Mr.  Nath.   Collier  Vicker,   Robert   Osborne,    and 
Francis  Meagher,  Churchwardens. 
" '  Thomas  Lister,  fecit,  1738.' 

"  There  was  also  a  '  Saints  Bell,'  which  boro  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  :  — 

'"Francis  Tirrell  gave  this  bell,  1610.  Recast  in 
1757.' 

"  The  following  are  the  dates  of  the  ancient  deeds  v.'hich 
were  destroyed  at  the  parish  church  :  — 

"  One  deed  dated  the  5th  of  Edward  I.,  1277. 

One  deed  dated  the  12th  of  Edward  IL,  1310. 

One  deed  dated  the  12th  of  Henry  IV.,  1411. 

Six  deeds  of  the  reign  of  Henry  Vl. 

Four  deeds  of  the  reign  of  Edward  IV. 

One  deed  of  the  reign  of  Richard  III.,  1483. 

Three  deeds  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VII. 

Six  deeds  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 

One  deed  of  the  reign  of  Mary,  1553. 

Three  deeds  of  the  reign  of  Philip  and  Mary. 

Tv,'enty-fovir  deeds  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 

One  deed  of  the  reign  of  James  I.,  1604. 

One  deed  of  the  19th  of  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 

A  will  very  nicely  engrossed,  and  in  good  preservation, 
dated  1588. 

"  The  above  deeds  relate  to  the  Limpsfield  Estate  :  land 
at  Beckenham  and  Wickham ;  farm  at  Marden,  Kent ; 
land  at  Ottery  St.  Mary,  Devon  ;  and  some  houses  in 
Lambeth. 

"  One  of  the  deeds  saved  is  dated  1573,  being  the  15th 
of  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign.  It  was  a  gift  to  the  '  little 
alms-house'  by  Rowland  Kilner,  and  contained  13  sig- 
natures, one  of  which  was  that  of  the  brother  to  Archbishop 
Whitgift." — Extracted  from  the  Croydon  Chronicle. 

W.  B. 


JOHN  BAGFORD. 


Noticing  that  the  name  of  John  Bagford  has 
appeared  several  times  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
and  that  it  is  generally  introduced  with  some 
suet  appreciative  prefix  as  "■  that  eminent  anti- 
quary," or  "  that  old  worthy"  ;  and  believing  that 
such  phrases  are  in  his  case  most  inappropriate,  I 
venture  to  ask  his  admirers  upon  what  founda- 
tion rests  the  worthiness  of  the  eminent  Bagford  ? 
Of  course  his  private  life  has  nothing  to  do  with 
the  question,  which  refers  only  to  his  worth  as 
a  collector  of,  and  writer  upon,  his  country's 
antiquities. 

Many  years  of  Bagford's  life  must  have  been 
passed  in  making  the  collections  which,  to  the 
number  of  more  than  160  volumes,  are  foitnd 
among  the  Ilarleian,  Sloane,  and  Lansdowne 
MSS.,  as  well  as  in  the  printed-books  department 
of  our  national  Museum.     It  has  been  my  lot  to 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[S^'i  S.  XI.  Maecu  23,  '67. 


examine  nine-tenths  of  tliem,  and  it  is  difficult  to 
imagine  a  more  miscellaneous  and  confi/sed  mass 
of  odds  and  ends. 

In  three  or  four  of  the  volumes  are  scattered  his 
biographies  of  our  early  printers,  and  upon  these 
and  the  fifty-four  volumes  of  title-pages  I  believe 
his  fame  to  be  almost  entirely  dependent.  To  any 
one  interested  in  the  preservation  of  our  typo- 
graphical antiquities,  I  can  imagine  no  task  more 
grievous  than  the  perusal  of  these  fifty-four 
volumes.  Here,  as  in  fifty-four  cemeteries,  stand 
title-pages  like  tombstones,  where  one  can  read 
the  names  and  dates  of  7000  murdered  books. 
Were  it  probable  that  a  portion  only  of  these 
book-titles  had  been  saved  from  impending  de- 
struction, it  might  modify  our  regret ;  but  no !  — 
these  are  nearly  all  sound  unsoiled  specimens, 
while  it  is  patent  to  everyone  that  imperfect  and 
injured  volumes  always  suffer  most  at  the  begin- 
ning and  end,  and  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  have 
no  title  to  yield.  What  opinion  then  must  we 
form  of  this  book-vulture  who  fed  on  the  eye 
only,  leaving  the  carcass  to  rot  ? — who  so  loved 
books,  that  for  years  he  laboured  in  their  mutila- 
tion ?  The  worst  part  of  the  story  is,  that  many 
of  the  titles,  being  from  rare  and,  even  in  Bag- 
ford's  time,  costly  books,  must  have  been  ravished 
from  volumes  not  his  own.  Well !  ^jer  fas  et 
nefas,  the  collection  was  formed,  and  then  "it  was 
found,  as  might  have  been  predicted,  that  for  the 
very  purpose  it  was  made — viz.  to  illustrate  "A 
General  History  of  Printing" — it  had  little  or 
no  value ;  and,  in  fact,  it  never  has  answered  any 
purpose  which  would  not  have  been  better  served 
by  the  preservation  of  the  perfect  volumes.  But 
stay !  it  renders  service  of  some  sort,  for  it 
enables  the  foreigner  to  sharpen  his  sneer-point 
when  English  bibliography  is  mentioned. 

Turning  to  Bagford's  literary  eflbrts,  we  find 
him  the  author  of  "  An  Essay  on  the  Invention 
of  Printing,"  which  appeared  in  vol.  xxv.  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society,  but  which  no 
succeeding  bibliographer  has  thought  worth  quot- 
ing. His  biographies  of  our  early  printers  have 
fared  better,  especially  that  of  William  Caxton, 
which  —  and  here  I  do  not  speak  without  a 
thorough  investigation  —  has  the  unique  merit  of 
being  the  general  spring  of  all  the  mis-statements 
found  in  later  writers ;  while  it  contains  no  single 
addition  to  what  was  known  at  the  time.  It 
would  be  tedious  to  catalogue  all  the  errors  about 
Caxton  and  his  works  which  owe  their  origin  to 
the  zeal,  without  knowledge,  of  Bagford  ;  but  it 
is  curious  to  note  how  occurrences  entirely  ima- 
ginary, told  with  a  bold  face,  have  been  received, 
and  are  to  this  day  repeated  without  examination. 
Lewis  indeed,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Nichols,  terms 
Bagford  ''a  weak,  unaccurate,  injudicious  man, 
whose  papers  are  good  for  little  but  to  mislead ;" 
and  yet,  in  his  Life  of  mayster  Wyllyam  Caxton, 


he  adopts  many  of  his  errors,  and  Ames,  Herbert^ 
and  Dibdin  more  still. 

In  favour  of  Bagford,  we  must  remember  that 
he  passed  the  early  years  of  his  life  as  a  cobbler, 
and  that  if  he  received  any  instruction  it  was 
most  rudimentary.  This  is  shown  by  his  cramped 
almost  illegible  hand,  by  his  bad  gTammar,  and 
worse  spelling  ;  and  therefore  his  pursuit  of 
literature  in  any  shape  is  much  to  his  credit ;  and 
"if,"  as  Dr.  Dibdin  says,  "he  ?w<s  ignorant,"  at 
any  rate  "  he  was  humble." 

William  Blades. 


Eaelt  E^-glish  Text  SociExr. — Will  you 
allow  me  to  draw  attention  to  the  unpleasant  tone 
of  a  preface  by  Mr.  Furnivall  to  one  of  this  year's 
publications  ?  One  passage  to  which  exception 
might  be  taken  runs  as  follows :  — 

"  We  should  know  of  our  forefathers  what  their  re- 
ligious belief  and  superstitious  fancies  were.  Maiy- 
worship,  Parliament  of  Devils,  Stations  of  Eome,  St. 
Gregory's  Trental,  and  what  not :  let  us  have  them  all  t 
all  the  nonsense,  as  well  as  the  expressions  of  the  pure 
simple  faith,  &c." 

What  is  to  be  thought  of  one  who  masses  to- 
gether, as  if  they  were  all  of  a  piece,  the  diverse 
items  enumerated  in  this  extract?  Or  again,  is 
Mr.  Furnivall  unaware  that  there  are  still  people 
in  England  who  do  not  consider  all  these  different 
items  to  be  nonse)ise,  and  yet  are  perhaps  as  capable 
of  seeing  the  ins  and  outs  of  a  question,  or  of 
judging  of  the  reason  or  unreason  of  an  argu- 
ment, as  he  is  himself?  Or  does  he  wish  to  deter 
all  such  persons  from  subscribing  to  the  Early 
English  Text  Societv,  and  from  purchasing  their 
books  ?  "  G.  R.  K. 

Richard  GiLPry,  D.D.,  Author  oe  "D^iroif- 
OLOGiA  Sacra."  — The  Rev.  A.  B.  Grosart,  308, 
Upper  Parliament  Street,  Liverpool,  being  en- 
gaged on  a  new  edition  of  the  above  work,  is  also 
collecting  materials  for  a  Memoir.  He  begs  very 
respectfully  to  solicit  aid  in  this  his  "  labour  of 
love,"  by  the  communication  of  any  memoranda, 
letters,  references,  and  the  like,  at  all  bearing  on 
the  old  worthy.  The  very  slightest  items  are 
serviceable.  Mr.  Grosart  has  not  been  able 
hitherto  to  secure  a  copy  of  Dr.  Gilpin's  "Assize" 
Sermon  (1660).  He  knows  already  (1)  the  dif- 
ferent county  histories  having  notices  of  th& 
Gilpins,  (2)  the  life  of  Bernard  Gilpin,  (3)  Calamy, 
(4)  Winder,  (5)  the  "■  Registers  "  of  Greystoke, 
&c.,  (6)  the  Newcastle  MS.,  (7)  Turner's  "  Short 
Sketch,"  &c.,  (8)  Thoresby  MSS.  A.  B.  G. 

Htmnologt. — I  have  had  occasion  in  my  Lyra 
Sritannica  to  point  out  the  grievous  en-ors  made 
by  our  hymnists  in  ascribing  some  of  our  most 
popular   sacred   hymns  to    the    wrong   authors. 


S'd  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEHIES. 


233 


While  I  was  preparing  The  Lyra,  I  was  puzzled 
to  ascertain  tlie  authorship  of  the  beautiful  hymn 
beginning  ''  We  speak  of  the  realms  of  the 
bless'd/'  which  had  usually  been  assigned  to  a 
"  Mrs.  Wilson."  In  a  review  of  my  work  which 
appeared  lately,  I  was  directed  to  Mr.  Sedgwick's 
Comprehensive  Index  of  Orujinal  Authors  of 
Hymns,  which  gives  the  author's  name  as  "Eliza- 
beth Carus  Wilson,  1830." 

I  have  just  ascertained,  through  a  communica- 
tion with  which  I  have  been  favoured  from  a 
member  of  her  family,  that  the  writer  of  the 
hymn  was  not  a  Wilson,  but  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Mills,  first  wife  of  the  late  Thomas  Mills,  Esq., 
M.P.  It  was  composed  by  Mrs.  Mills  a  few  weeks 
before  her  death,  which  took  place  in  1829.  I 
subjoin  a  copy  of  the  hymn  from  the  original 
MS. :  — 

"  We  speak  of  the  realms  of  the  bless'd, 

Of  that  country  so  bright  and  so  fair  ; 
And  oft  are  its  glories  confess'd  : 

But  what  must  it  be  to  be  there  ? 

"  We  speak  of  its  pathways  of  gold, 

Of  its  walls  deck'd  with  jewels  most  rare, 
Of  its  wonders  and  pleasures  untold  : 
But  what  must  it  be  to  be  there .' 

"  We  speak  of  its  freedom  from  sin. 

From  sorrow,  temptation,  and  care  ; 
From  trials  without  and  within : 
But  what  must  it  be  to  be  there  ? 
"  We  speak  of  its  anthems  of  praise. 
With  which  we  can  never  compare 
The  sweetest  on  earth  we  can  raise  : 
But  what  must  it  be  to  be  there  ? 
"  We  speak  of  its  service  of  love. 

Of  the  robes  which  the  glorified  wear. 
Of  the  church  of  the  First-born  above  : 
But  what  must  it  be  to  be  there  ? 
"Then  let  us  midst  pleasure  or  woe 
Still  for  heaven  our  spirits  prepare  ; 
And  shortlj^  we  also  shall  know 
And  feel  what  it  is  to  be  there." 

Chaeles  Eg  gees,  LL.D. 
2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

Common  Cotjetest.  —  In  treating  of  religious 
questions  which  unavoidably  arise,  certain  cor- 
respondents on  the  one  hand  distinguish  them- 
selves as  Catholics — a  term  which  others  cannot 
conscientiously  concede  ;  while  they  disavow  the 
title  Koman  Catholics,  and  are  annoyed  at  being 
termed  Papists,  or  at  being  said  to  belong  to  the 
^Jlomish  Church. 

On  the  other  hand,  many  describe  themselves 
as  Anglo-Catholics,  which  opponents  do  not  allow; 
and  are  themselves  irritated  at  what  they  consider 
the  nickname  of  Protestant. 

Now  as  questions  of  theological  controversy  are 
properh^  excluded  from  the  friendly  pages  of 
"N.  &  Q.,"  would  it  not  be  both  courteous  and 
possible  for  both  sides  to  refrain  from  using  con- 


troversial designations,  and  thus  avoid  giving  acute 
pain  to  fellow-students  ? 

Surely  the  terms  the  Eoman  Church  and  the 
English  Church,  which,  I  apprehend,  are  neither 
derogatory  nor  offensive,  would  be  sufficiently 
distinctive  for  all  purposes. 

At  least  one  thinks  so,  who,  for  the  nonce,  signs 
himself  A  Constant  Keadee, 

Spain  :  Legal  Eeveeence  eoe  Human  Life. 

"After  the  executioner  has  performed  his  office  in 
Spain,  he  is  surrounded  hj  gendarmes,  loaded  with 
chains,  and  taken  to  prison,  and  thence  before  an  ex- 
amining magistrate,  when  the  following  dialogue  takes 
place  : — '  You  are  accused  of  having  taken  the  life  of  a 
man.'  '  Yes,'  answers  the  executioner,  '  it  is  true.' 
'  What  was  your  motive  for  the  crime  ?  '  'To  obey  the 
law  and  fulfil  the  mission  confided  to  me  hij  justice.'  An 
indictment  is  then  drawn  up,  and  on  the  following  day 
the  man  is  taken  before  the  tribunal,  which  immediately 
pronounces  an  acquittal,  and  the  prisoner  is  liberated 
after  his  confinement  of  twenty-four  hours."  —  Daily 
News,  Nov.  1,  1866. 

A  Spanish  gentleman  to  whom  I  have  referred 
this  statement  informs  me  that  it  is  correct. 

John  W.  Bone. 
Insceiptions  on  old  Pictuees. — At  a  certain 
inn  C'  The  Good  Intent  ")  in  Winchester  may  be 
seen   an  interesting  life-size   portrait   of  a    boy 
dressed  in  black,  with  white  cuffs  and  collar  edged 
with  black  lace,  a  red  carnation  in  one  hand  and 
two  cherries  in  the  other.     Overhead  is  "  1596," 
and  below  the  portrait  "  ajtatis  3."     Printed  on 
the  background,  close  to  the  head,  is  the  following 
quaint  quasi  punning  inscription  :  — 
"  Quod  caro  quid  vita  hiec 
Flos  hujus  et  umbrre." 

The  Caryophyllon,  or  Carnation,  seems  to  be 
punned  on.  The  same  flower  is  also,  I  believe, 
called  Dianthus  (flower  of  Jove).  In  the  former 
word,  the  inscriber  may  have  meant  a  play  upon 
the  last  syllable,  as  well  as  on  the  first.  I  merely 
throw  out  suggestions.  Sp. 

GLOtrCESTEESHIEE  CtTEE   FOE  ToOTHACHE. — As 

Good  Friday  approaches,  the  only  day  apparently 
on  which  the  following  prescription  for  toothache 
is  available,  it  may  be  a  kindness  to  place  it  in  the 
hands  of  your  readers  ;  which  I  beg  to  do  without 
any  charge  for  '.'  this  invaluable  discovery." 

In  conversing  yesterday  with  an  old  bedridden 
man  in  this  parish,  fast  approaching  fourscore 
and  ten,  I  said  to  him:  "Why,  Benjamin,  you 
have  wonderfully  good  teeth  still  for  your  time  of 
life.  I  suppose  you  have  never  suffered  much  from 
toothache."  "  Well  then.  Sir,  I'll  tell  ye  how  it 
was,"  said  the  old  gentleman;  "I  used  to  suffer 
very  much  from  toothache  many  years  ago,  till  a 
neighbour  told  me  how  to  cure  it.  I  got  up  on 
Good  Friday  before  the  sun  rose,  and  cut  all  the 
nails  on  my  hands  and  my  feet,  and  wrapped  it 


234 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  March  : 


all  up  in  a  bit  of  writing  paper,  and  put  it  in  my 
pocket,  and  I've  never  had  the  toothache  since."_ 

I  think,  from  the  old  man's  manner,  that,  if 
any  of  your  readers  are  desirous  to  avail  them- 
selves of  this  wonderful  prescription,  they  must 
be  very  particular  to  perform  the  operation  on 
Good  Friday  before  the  sun  rises,  and  to  wrap  up 
the  proceeds  of  their  labour  in  a  piece  of  ivriting 
paper.«  C.  Y.  Okawley, 

Taynton  Eectorv,  Gloucester,  March  13. 


AsTEONOiMY  AND  HiSTOET.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  say  whether  eclipses  have  ever  been  com- 
puted backwards  in  order  to  ascertain  the_  facts  of 
early  Roman  history  ;  and  if  they  have,  in  what 
publication  are  they  to  be  found  ? 

An  Historical  Inquiree. 

BocTOVEES.  —  In  Fuller's  Ahel  Redivivus,  in 
"The  Life  and  Death  of  John  Reinolds  "  (p.  480), 
is  the  following  passage :  — 

"  When  the  time  drew  near  that  by  the  Founder's 
statutes  he  was  upon  necessity'  to  take  his  degree  in 
Divinity,  he  was  chosen  out  by" the  University  to  answer 
the  Boctovers  in  the  Act,  July  the  13,  1579 ;  and  the 
same  ^-ear,  November  the  third,  he  answered  for  his 
degree"  in  the  Divinity  schools.  The  Theses  maintained 
hj  him  in  the  Act  were  these :  — 

"  1.  The  Holy  Scripture  teacheth  the  Church  all  things 
necessary  to  Salvation. 

"  2.  The  Church  Militant  upon  earth  is  subject  to  error, 
both  in  faith  arid  manners. 

"  3.  The  authority  of  the  Scriptures  is  greater  than  that 
of  the  Church." 

Can  anyone  throw  light  upon  the  word  ''  Boc- 
tovers "  in  this  passage  ?  Zetetes. 

Chess,  —  Would  any  of  your  correspondents 
inform  me  if  the  game  of  chess  was  known  to 
the  Assjrrians  and  Egyptians?  any  evidence  of 
the  fact  from  their  monuments  ?  From  whom 
did  the  Greeks  derive  it  ?  E.  R.  B. 

CoiiMENTART  OK  St.  Matthew.  — •  Can  any 
reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  refer  me  to  sources  of  in- 
formation concerning  the  extraordinary  commen- 
tary of  which  I  subjoin  the  title-page  (abridged)? 
I  am  anxious  to  know  about  the  man,  and  whe- 
ther he  published  more  than  this  most  masterly 
exposition :  — 

"  Matthseus  Explanatus  sive  Commeutarii  Litterales 
et  Morales  in  sacrosanctum  Jesu  Christi  Evangelium  se- 
cundum Matthoeum,  authore  F''  Emmanuel  De  Incar- 
natione,  Pontevelensi  Lusitano,  Ordinis  Predicatorum  in 
sacra  Theologia  Magistro,  ac  quondam  in  Conventu  Ulys- 
siponensi  sacrarum  litterarum  publico  professore  .  .  .  . 
Dlyssipone,  4  vols,  small  folio,  1095-1711." 

A.  B.  G. 

Rev.  Joseph  Fletchee. — Who  is  he?  He  is 
named  as  author  of  the  book  or  libretto  of  Para- 


dise, an  oratorio,  composed  by  John  Fawcett,  Sen. 
1853.  A  copy  of  the  book  is  in  the  library  of 
the  Sacred  Harmonic  Society.  R."  I. 

FoxnuNTiKG.  —  In  looking  over  the  church- 
wardens' accounts  of  a  small  parish  in  the  Cots- 
wold  Hills,  I  find  numerous  entries  of  payments 
for  foxes  destroyed.     For  example  :  — 

S.     (1. 

"  Anno  1776,  paid  for  foxis    .  .  .90 

„  for  auotlier       .  .  .10 

„      1777,  two  foxes  .  .  .20 

for  15  foxes      .  .  .1-4    0 

„      1  i  78,  sixteene  foxes  .  .  .     16     0" 

And  so  on,  varying  from  year  to  year  down  to  lSO-1, 
"2  foxes,  2s." 

From  1805  to  1815,  the  accounts  are  lumped 
into  one,  and  no  further  disbursements  are  entered 
for  foxes  destroyed.  Xow-a-days,  in  the  sama 
district,  a  man,  for  his  own  comfort,  had  better 
kill  an  infant  child  than  a  fox. 

In  an  adjoining  county,  when  I  was  a  boy,  not 
fifty  years  ago,  I  remember  a  gentleman's  keeper 
bringing  to  a  farm-house  in  a  bag  a  live  fox 
which  he  had  trapped.  He  received  a  customary 
douceur.  On  the  next  day  I  accompanied  a  party 
of  farmers'  sons  and  keepers,  all  armed  with  guns, 
to  track  foxes  in  the  snow.  Last  year,  in  the 
same  county,  one  gentleman  held  up  to  public 
opprobrium  another  gentleman  as  good  as  himself 
on  suspicion  of  having  instructed  his  keepers  to 
kill  foxes ! 

It  would  be  interesting  to  note  the  changes 
and  progress  of  what  is  now  called  "the  noble 
science."  Some  of  your  octogenarian  or  septua- 
genarian correspondents  may  throw  a  light  on 
this  subject,  and  instruct  present  and  future 
readers  on  the  mode  of  keeping  packs  of  fox- 
hounds in  the  earlier  part  of  this  century,  on  the 
time  of  day  of  the  meet,  on  the  introduction 
of  scarlet  coats,  and  other  things  which  reflection 
may  bring  back  to  the  memory  of  persons  who 
toolc  part  in  the  chase. 

In  some  large  paintings  representing  foxhunt- 
ing in  the  last  centurj'-,  the  gentlemen  are  in 
coats  of  all  colours  but  red ;  and  the  horses  are 
cocktailed — that  is,  are  docked  and  nicked. 

Certainly  also,  foxhunters  ai'e  now  held  in 
better  repute  than  they  were  some  forty  years 
ago.  Deo  "Duce. 

LoED  Gray  op  Geay.  —  The  sixteenth  Baron 
Gray  of  Gray,  who  died  at  Paris  31st  ult.,  is  de- 
scribed as  eldest  son  of  Francis,  fifteenth  Baron 
Gray,  by  his  wife  Mary- Anne,  daughter  of  Lieut.- 
Col.'  James  Johnstone.  Of  what  branch  of  the 
clan  wa,s  Col.  Johnstone  ?  His  father  was  the 
Rev.  Robert  Johnstone,  of  Kilbarchan :  his  mother 
Miss  Anne  Hamilton  of  Barns ;  his  wife  a  Miss 
Cuthbert  of  Castlehill — an  Livernessshire  family, 
now  probably  extinct.  X.  C. 


3i-d  S.  XI.  March -23,  67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


235 


The  Jeavs  in  England.— I  shall  he  obliged  to 
anyone  who  can  refer  me  to  precise  information 
respecting  the  permission  given  under  the  Pro- 
tectorate to  the  Jews  to  settle  in  England,  whence 
they  were  expelled  by  Edwa,rd  I.  The  fact  that 
Cromwell  allowed  them  to  return,  is  stated  by 
several  authorities— Blackstone  among  them — but 
with  no  details.  It  appears  to  have  resulted  from 
a  special  mission  from  the  Dutch  Jews,  headed 
by  one  Menase,  a  Portuguese  New  Christian,  or 
Jew  (as  he  avowed  himself);  but  Mr.  Carlyle 
and  the  Spaniard  Pellicer,  who  notices  the  mis- 
sion, state  that  his  representations  were  not  suc- 
cessful at  the  time — the  end  of  1655.  Can  any- 
one inform  me  how  and  when  the  Jews  were 
allowed  to  return?  J.  F. 

AthenceuTO  Club. 

KiLLiGEEW  Family.  —  Is  anything  known  of 
the  issue  of  Henry  Ivilligrew,  Groom  of  the 
Chamber  to  James  II.  while  Duke  of  York  ?  He 
married  Lady  Mary  Savage,  daughter  of  John, 
second  Earl  R,ivers  of  that  name.  It  appears 
all  but  certain  that  he  was  eldest  son  of  Thomas 
Killigrew  (called  from  his  wit  "The  Jester"),  by 
his  first  wife  Cicely,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Croft, 
Knt.  D.  W.  W. 

3,  Park  Villas,  Paddington. 

Lines  on  a  Vicak  and  Curate.  —  Can  any 
reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  give  me  a  clue  to  the 
authorship  of  the  foUoAving  rather  comical  epi- 
gram, and  supply  the  missing  lines  ?  — 

"A  Vicar  o'erburthen'd  with  years  and  with  wealth, 
Desired  his  Curate  to  pray  for  his  health  ; 
Who  pray'd  for 't  so  slily  tliat  manj'  folks  said, 
'  Mr.  Curate  had  rather  his  rector  were  dead.' 

An  hiatus  here. 

" '  Yoii  mistake,  my  good  folks,  a  wrong  motive  you're 
giving  — 
I  ne'er  praj^ed  for  his   death,   though  oft   for  his 
living.' " 

Omicron. 
Locket  Miniature  oe  Charles  I. — A  friend 
of  mine  showed  me  a  verj^  beautiful  enamelled 
locket  a  few  days  since,  on  the  face  of  which  is  a 
miniature  of  King  Charles  I.,  and  on  the  reverse 
a  skull  surmounted  by  the  crown  in  a  laurel 
wreath.  The  date  "  '48  "  is  on  one  side.  This 
locket  was  dug  up  in  a  brick-field  near  Upnor 
Castle  on  the  Medway  some  fifty  years  ago,  and 
is  in  good  preservation.  I  am  told  that  a  similar 
locket  was  exhibited  at  the  Kensington  Loan 
Museum  in  1802.  I  have  a  photograph  of  the 
above.  S.  L. 

X ORwicH  Cathedral.  —  In  Blomefield's  iW- 
tckh  (1800,  iv.  29)  is  the  following:  — 

"  The  Cathedral  Church  of  Xorwicli  is  dedicated  to  the 
Holy  Trinity.  Before  the  Reformation,  the  imago  prin- 
cipalis, the  principal  image  in  the  rood-loft,  now  the  organ- 


loft,  was  an  image  of  the  Holi/  Trinity,  which  was  repre- 
sented by  a  weak  old  mau  with  Christ  on  the  cross  be- 
tween his  knees,  and  a  dove  on  his  breast ;  this  image 
was  richly  gilt.  In  1443  Rob.  Norwych,  Esq.,  gave  to 
it  his  silver  collar  which  was  presented  to  him  hy  the 
emperor  ;  and  in  1499  Lady  Margaret  Shelton  put  about 
it  a  gold  chain  of  25  SS."^  weighing  eight  ounces,  with 
four  small  jewels,  one  great  jewel,  and  a  rich  enamelled 
rose  in  gold  hanging  thereon." 

I  was  not  aware  it  was  customary  to  place 
images  in  the  rood-loft  besides  those  of  SS.  Mary 
and  John,  and  the  great  rood  between  them. 
Can  any  correspondent  give  any  further  particu- 
lars respecting  this  image  and  the  curious  gifts 
to  it  ?  John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Potteton  Family.— In  1017,  Ferdinaudo  Pulton 
of  Bourton,  near  Buckingham — a  barrister  of  some 
repute,  and  author  of  several  legal  works— died. 
In  the  parish  church  at  Twickenham  there  is  a 
monument  (erected  about  1613)  to  the  memory  of 
Francis  Pulton,  a  bencher  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Can 
any  one  tell  me  if  the  two  Pultons,  or  Poultons, 
above  named,  were  related,  and  how  ? 

Ferdinando  Pulton  left  four  sons,  viz.  Francis, 
Giles,  Thomas,  and  Ferdinando,  I  want  to  know 
where  they  lived  and  died,  or  anything  of  the 
family  subsequent  to  1640.  '      H.  N.  P. 

Quotations,  PtEEERENCES,  etc.,  wanted.  — 
1.  It's  the  saying  of  Euripides  that  a  faithful 
friend  is  better  than  a  calm  sea  to  the  weather- 
beaten  mariner.     Where  ? 

2.  I  find  a  saying  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham 
to  a  Bishop  Monto'n  (Morton  ?)  in  Richard  III.'s 
time.  Where  can  I  get  information  concerning 
this  Monton  ? ' 

3.  "He  is  a  true  friend,"  saith  the  Smyrnean 
poet  of  old,  "who  continueth  the  memory' of  his 
deceased  friend."     Query,  Homer.     Where  ? 

4.  "  Omnia  si  perdas,  famam  servare  memento. 

Qua  semel  amissa  postea  nullus  eris." 
Where  ? 

5.  The  golden  chain  in  Homer  fastened  to  Jupi- 
ter's throne  .  ,  ,  ,  Eeference  ?  Student. 

Whose  are  these  lines  ?  — 

"  Vale  of  the  Cross,  the  shepherds  tell 
'Tis  sweet  within  thy  woods  to  dwell : 
For  tranquil  Peace  has  there  her  home. 
And  pleasures  to  the  world  unknown, 
The  murmur  of  the  mountain  rills. 
The  sabbath  silence  of  the  hills, 
And  .all  the  quiet  God  has  given 
Without  the  golden  gates  of  Heaven." 

W.  M. 
Rust  removed  from  Metals.  —  I  should  be 
much  obliged  were  any  of  your  readers  able  to 
acquaint  me  of  any  plan  whereby  I  might  be  able 
to  remove  the  rust  from  off  some  deeply  corroded 
old  bayonets  and  swords  in  my  possession,  with- 
out damaging  the  metal.  My  object  in  making 
this  request  is,  thus  to  be   placed  in  the  most 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67. 


favourable  position  for  obtaining  a  correct  idea  of 
whatever  inscriptions  or  ornaments  may  be  upon 
tbe  articles.  I  may  add,  that  I  am  acquainted 
with  the  method  of  using  emery,  and  thus  getting 
at  the  rust  in  the  holes  by  an  absolute  rubbing 
down  of  the  metal ;  but  such  a  practice  in  the 
case  of  sorely  corroded  sword-blades  has  very 
frequently  the  effect  of  obliterating  in  a  great 
measure  what  little  may  remain  of  the  inscrip- 
tion, even  before  the  rust  is  so  sufficiently  re- 
moved as  to  show  that  any  inscription  has  been 
upon  it.  J-  B.  D. 

Swift  Family. — Mr.  William  Monck  Mason, 
in  his  History  of  the  Cathedral  of  Saint  Patricli, 
Dublin,  has  printed  several  pedigrees  of  the  family 
of  Swift.  One  of  these  (p.  227)  seems  to  have 
been  compiled  from  wills,  &c.,  by  the  late  Sir 
William  Betham.  In  this  it  is  stated  that  God- 
win Swift,  the  uncle  of  Jonathan  Swift,  Dean  of 
St.  Patrick's,  married  for  his  third  wife  Hannah, 
daughter  of  Admiral  Richard  Deane,  the  regicide; 
and  that  their  son  Deane  Swift,  of  Castle  Eickard, 
CO.  Meath,  had  a  daughter  Hannah,  who  married 
John  Swift.  I  shall  be  very  much  obliged  to  any- 
one who  will  inform  me  who  this  John  Swift  was, 
who  became  the  husband  of  Hannah,  where  they 
lived,  and  what  issue  they  left. 

Somewhere  about  a  century  ago,  a  person 
named  John  Swift,  whose  father  and  mother  were 
named  respectively  John  and  Hannah,  was  resi- 
dent at  Whitby,  co.  York.  He  married  Mary 
Collins,  daughter  of Collins,  a  farmer  (whe- 
ther freeholder  or  tenant  I  know  not)  at  Pendle- 
ton, near  Manchester.  This  John  Swift  after- 
wards settled  at  Yarmouth  as  a  sail-cloth  maker. 
I  have  reason  to  believe  that  he  was  nearly  con- 
nected with  the  John  and  Hannah  Swift  of  the 
above  quoted  pedigree.  Edwakd  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 


Eael  op  Seaforth.  —  Where  can  I  obtain  any 
account  of  the  career  of  this  nobleman,  attainted 
in  1745  [1715  ?],  and  several  of  whose  ancestors 
hold  distinguished  places  in  Scottish  history  ? 
One  of  the  family  is  the  subject  of  a  short  poem 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott  ("  The  Lord  of  Kintail "), 
which  I  do  not  find  in  the  collected  edition  of  his 
poetical  works,  and  is  perhaps  one  of  the  many 
fugitive  pieces  scattered  throughout  his  novels. 
Can  any  correspondent  spot  this  for  me  ? 

I  have  in  my  possession  a  very  fine  engraved 
portrait  of  the  last  Countess  of  Seaforth  (A.  Ram- 
say, pinx'.  1749  ;  J.  Faber,  fecit.  1751).  A  note 
on  the  back  states  that  it  is  very  scarce.  Is  this 
so  ?  E.  S. 

[An  account  of  the  eventful  career  of  William,  the 
fifth  Earl  of  Seaforth,  who  was  engaged  in  the  rehellion 


of  1715  (not  1745),  wiU  he  found  in  Anderson's  Scottish 
Nation,  edit.  1863,  ii.  428.  Consult  also  the  Lockhart 
Papers,  ii.  196,  and  Douglas's  Peerage,  hy  Wood,  ii.  483. 
By  letters  patent,  dated  July  12,  1726,  the  Earl  was  by 
George  I.  discharged  from  the  penal  consequences  of  his 
attainder,  so  far  as  imprisonment  or  the  execution  of  his 
person  was  concerned,  and  King  George  II.  made  him  a 
grant  of  the  arrears  of  feu  duties  due  to  the  crown  out  of 
his  forfeited  estates.  He  died  in  the  island  of  Lewis, 
Januarj'  8,  1740. 

The  poem  on  this  Earl,  entitled  "  Farewell  to  Macken- 
zie, High  Chief  of  Kintail,"  composed  by  the  family  bard 
in  1718,  with  Sir  Walter  Scott's  "  Imitation  "  of  it,  are 
both  printed  in  Scott's  Poetical  Works,  ed.  1848,  p.  647- 
Scott's  verses  were  written  shortly  after  the  death  of 
Lord  Seaforth,  Januarj^  11,  1815,  the  last  male  represen- 
tative of  his  illustrious  house  :  — 

"  Thy  sons  rose  around  thee  in  light  and  in  love. 
All  a  father  could  hope,  all  a  friend  could  approve  ; 
What  'Avails  it  the  tale  of  thy  sorrows  to  tell  ?  — 
In  the  spring-time  of  youth  and  of  promise  they  fell ! 
Of  the  line  of  Fitzgerald  remains  not  a  male. 
To  bear  the  proud  name  of  the  Chief  of  Kintail." 
With  six  daughters,  his  lordship  had  four  sons,  all  of 
high  promise,  and  who'  all  predeceased  him. 

The  portrait  noticed  by  our  correspondent  is  that  of 
the  eldest  daughter  of  the  sixth  Earl  of  Galloway,  Lady 
Mary  Stewart,  and  wife  of  Kenneth,  Lord  Fortrose,  son 
of  the  fifth  Earl  of  Seaforth  noticed  above.  We  believe  it 
is  not  rare,  as  one  appears  in  Evans's  Catalogue  of  En- 
graved Portraits,  ii.  350,  3  qrs.  fol.  mez.  priced  at  7s.  6rf.] 

CoxTNTY  Keepers.  —  Can  any  one  explain  the 
functions  and  official  position  of  County  Keepers 
as  they  existed  in  Northumberland  ?  I  believe 
they  received  a  fixed  salary  from  the  county,  out 
of  which  they  paid  for  any  losses  by  theft  on  the 
part  of  the  reivers  on  the  other  side  of  the  Tweed. 
Who  appointed  the  County  Keepers,  and  when 
did  the  office  come  to  an  end  ?  P.  E.  N. 

[County  keeper  was  the  term  formerly  used  in  the 
North  to  designate  a  sheriff's  officer,  but  which  has  now 
become  obsolete.  The  right  of  appointment  was  of  course 
in  the  sheriff.] 

SiK  John  Fejtwick. — Is  there  any  good  portrait 
of  this  celebrated  plotter  in  existence,  and  if  so, 
where  is  it  to  be  found  ?  If  Macaulay  is  to  be 
depended  upon,  no  face  in  England  was  better 
known  than  that  of  Sir  John  Fenwick. 

He  suffered,  as  is  well  known,  under  an  Act  of 
Attainder,  it  being  impossible  for  a  jury  to  have 
convicted  him,  as  he  had  succeeded  in  getting,  by 
the  offer  of  a  large  bribe,  one  of  the  two  witnesses 
required  in  such  cases  to  leave  the  country. 

I  have  in  my  possession  a  scarce  book,  printed 
in  the  year  1698  (no  printer's  or  publisher's  name 
prefixed),  giving  an  account  of  the  proceedings  at 


3"»  S.  XI.  March  28,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


237 


liis  trial.  It  contains  also  a  copy  of  tlie  letter 
whicli,  on  his  seizure  in  Kent,  he  wrote  to  Lady 
Mary,  his  wifej  and  also  one  of  the  papers  he  de- 
livered to  the  sheriffs  at  his  execution  on  Tower 
Hill. 

Sir  John  was  beheaded  on  Jan.  28,  lG9f ,  and  his 
remains  interred  in  the  parish  of  St.  Martin's-in- 
the-Fields.  A  good  portrait  of  him  would  be  an 
interesting  addition  to  the  next  National  Exhi- 
bition of  Portraits.  OxojsriENsrs. 

[Thei-e  is  or  was  a  portrait  of  Sir  John  Fenwick  by 
William  Wissing,  the  celebrated  Dutch  portrait-painter, 
taken  during  his  residence  in  England.  In  Sir  William 
Musgrave's  Catalogue  of  English  Portraits,  1800  (p.  74), 
occurs  the  following :  "  Sir  John  Fenwick,  Bart.  cet.  52, 
1696,  after  W.  Wissing,  by  R.  White,  tine  and  rare." 
It  sold  for  6/.  lbs.  See  also  Evans's  Catalogue  of  Por- 
traits, i.m.'] 

Eev.  Nathaniel  Waeb's  Wkitin-gs.  —  The 
known  writings  of  this  author  are:  (1.)  The 
Simple  Cobler  of  Aggaioam  in  Ame)-ica,  1647.  (2.) 
Sermon  Preached  before  the  House  of  Commons, 
1647.  (3.)  A  Religiotis  Retreat,  1647  ;  and  (4.)  a 
work  with  this  singular  title  :  "  To  the  Honourable 
Parliament  of  England  now  Assembled  at  West- 
minster, The  Humble  Petitions,  Serious  Sugges- 
tions, and  dutifuU  Expostulations  of  some  moderate 
and  loyall  Gentlemen,  Yeomen,  and  Freeholders 
of  the  Eastern  Association,  &c.,  1648." 

None  of  these,  except  the  sermon,  bear  Mr. 
Ward's  name,  though  the  name  on  the  title  of 
The  Simple  Cobler  is  but  a  slight  disguise  of  the 
author's  real  name —  Theodore  being  the  Greek 
equivalent  of  the  Hebrew  Nathaniel,  and  de  la 
Garde  the  French  of  the  English  Ward. 

The  hrst  edition  of  The  Simple  Cobler  bears 
date  1647,  and  was  published  in  Jan.  1646-7. 
Three  other  editions  were  published  the  same 
year,  material  additions  and  corrections  being 
made  in  each.  The  third  and  fourth  editions  are 
so  called  on  the  title-page.  The  first  edition  may 
be  known  by  the  names  of  the  printers,  John 
Dever  and  Robert  Ibbitson,  being  given  in  full, 
while  the  second  edition  has  only  the  initials. 

The  fifth  edition  was  printed  at  Boston,  N.E. 
in  171.3,  and  is  a  reprint  of  the  fourth  London 
edition,  except  that  there  is  appended  to  the 
Boston  edition  a  poetical  "Postscript"  signed 
"  Jerome  Bellamie,"  which  I  do  not  find  in  any 
edition  printed  during  the  author's  life.  It  con- 
tains eight  lines,  beginning  — 

"  This  honest  Cobler  has  done  what  he  might 
That  Statesmen  in  their  Shoes  might  walk  upright." 

I  find  the  following  works  attributed  to  him 
by  modern  writers,  viz. :  (1.)  A  Word  to  Mr. 
Peters,  and  Two  Words  for  the  Parliament  and 
Kingdom,  8)-c.  1647.  (2.)  Mermrius  Anti-mechani- 
ciis ;  or,  the  Simple  Cobler' s  Boy  loith  his  Lapful  of 
Caveats,  Sj-c.     By  Theodore  de  la  Guarden.   '  1648. 


I  first  find  the  latter  work  attributed  to  Ward 
in  an  article  by  Joseph  G.  Cogswell,  LL.D.,  then 
a  young  man,  in  the  Monthly  Anthology  (Boston, 
U.S.  1809),  vol.  vi.  p.  342.  Some  of  my  friends 
think  that  the  style  proves  the  work  not  to  have 
been  written  by  Ward;  but  I  cannot  concur  in 
their  opinion. 

The  following  work  has  been  conjecturally  at- 
tributed to  him,  viz.  :  The  Pulpit  Incendiary ;  or, 
the  Divinity  and  Devotion  of  Mr.  Calamy,  Mr. 
Case,  Mr.  Cauton,  Mr.  Crauford,  and  other  Sion- 
Colledge  Preachers  in  their  Morning  Exercises,  &c, 
1648. 

A  friend  in  England  has  sent  me  the  following 
title,  which  he  copied  from  a  bookseller's  cata- 
logue. He  applied  for  the  book,  but  it  was  sold. 
It  is  the  only  work  attributed  to  Ward  that  I  have 
not  seen :  — 

"Nathaniel  Ward  (of  Ipswich),  DiscoUiminum,  or  a 
most  obedient  reply  to  a  late  Book  called  Bounds  and 
Bonds  so  farre  as  concerns  the  first  Demurrer  and  no 
further.     4to,  1650." 

I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  to  any  reader  of 
*'N.  &  Q."  who  can  furnish  any  information  con- 
cerning the  last-named  work,  or  can  prove  or  dis- 
prove Mr.  Ward's  authorship  of  the  doubtful 
works  above  named. 

I  also  wish  to  ascertain  the  author  of  the  lines 
signed  ''  Jerome  Bellamie  "  in  the  fifth  edition  of 
The  Simple  Cobler.  JoHK  Ward  Deait. 

Boston,  Mass.  (U.  S.) 

[A  copy  of  Discolliminium  is  among  the  Civil  War 
Tracts  in  the  British  Museum,  on  the  title-page  of  which 
George  Thomason,  the  collector,  has  not  only  written  the 
date  of  its  publication,  April  23,  1650,  but  has  added, 
"  By  Mr.  Ward,  Cobler  of  Aggawam."  This  we  con- 
sider conclusive  as  to  the  authorship.  Besides,  the  work 
has  all  the  raciness  and  good  sense  of  this  remarkable 
writer,  as  in  the  following  observations  on  the  doctrine 
of  Divine  Providence  :  — 

"  I  humbly  confesse,  that  the  Providences  of  God  are 
wonderful!  and  beautifull ;  but  I  must  professe  withall, 
that  I  know  no  harder  task  put  upon  the  sonnes  of  men, 
than  to  make  a  true  trutination  and  clear  calculation  of 
Divine  Providences;  and  to  cut  a  just  thread  between 
God's  Providence  and  Man's  Improvidence ;  between 
Providences  of  Mercy,  and  Providences  of  Wrath  ;  be- 
tween forbidding  and  inviting  Providences  ;  nor  more 
wanderings  out  of  the  wayes  of  wisdome,  than  hy  fol- 
lowing imagined  and  misinterpreted  Providences.  When 
I  leave  my  station,  turne  vagabond,  circumcellio,  itinerant 
preacher,  or  seeker,  I'le  follow  Providence  or  my  Nose  as 
well  as  I  can.  In  the  mean  time,  I  pray  God  give  me 
wisdome  to  order  my  steps  according  to  His  revealed 
Will,  wherein  I  iind  not  one  sentence  directing  me  to 
follow  Providence  without  a  Rule. 

"  One  of  my  men  being  well  vamped  in  his  crowne 
with  ale,  'gets  upon  Hob,  my  blind  mill-horse,  rides  into 
one  of  my  marishes,  spurres  on  amain ;  Hob  runs  through 


238 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67. 


a  great  ditch,  then  through  another ;  at  length  into  a  deep 
salt-pit;  down  comes  Hob,  down  comes  my  man  over 
head  and  eares.  And  yet  I  dare  say,  both  Hob  and  my 
man  followed  Providence  as  hard  as  they  could  drive, 
without  which  nothing  comes  to  pass.  When  I  asked  the 
knave  how  he  came  into  that  plight,  he  answered  me. 
By  a  Providence."  ] 

French  Heealdey. — Many  of  the  French 
heraldic  terms  are  the  same  as  those  in  use  with 
us,  having  a  common  Norman  origin ;  but  can 
any  of  your  readers  inform  me  whether  any  dic- 
tionary exists  giving  the  French  and  English 
ordinary  terms  in  heraldry  ?  or  failing  this,  some 
work  whence  the  terms  might  be  collected  ? 

Junior  Athenajum.  EaglE  DISPLAYED. 

[V»^e  are  not  acquainted  with  any  work  giving  the 
French  and  English  terms  used  in  heraldry  ;  but  our 
correspondent  may  find  all  he  requires  in  La  vraye  et 
parfaite  science  des  Armoiries,  ou  Ulndice  Ari^orial  de 
Louvan  Geliot  augmente',  avec  des  figures,  et  une  table, 
par  Pierre  Palliot.    Paris,  fol.  IGGl.] 

Paevehtche  (3'^'*  S.  xi.  139.)— Is  not  parvenche 
given  as  the  provincial  name  for  pink,  really  the 
perhoinlcle?  B.  C. 

[Our  correspondent  does  not  cite  any  authority  in  sup- 
port of  his  suggestion  ;  but  to  any  that  he  may  offer 
hereafter  we  shall  allow  all  due  weight.  Meanwhile  we 
would  remark  that  the  meaning  "  a  pink  "  is  evidently 
attributed  to  parvenke  by  Maloue  and  Steevens,  as  may 
be  seen  by  the  note  in  ]\Ialone's  Shakspeare  on  the  passage 
already  cited  by  us  from  Romeo  and  Juliet  (ante,  p.  139), 
Be  it  borne  in  mind,  too,  that  parvenke  is  stated  to  be  "  a 
pink"  both  by  Halliwell  and  by  Wright.  It  may  be 
Avell  also  to  consider  the  two  passages  in  which  the  word 
parvenke  occurs  :  — 

"  The  primerole  he  passeth,  the  parvenke  of  pris," 
cited  by  Halliwell ;  and  that  already  cited  by  us— 

"  Heo  is  paruenke  of  prouesse  "  ? 
Here  we  understand  the  meaning  to  be  "  He  is  the  pinJi 
of  prowess,"  &c.  "  He  is  the  periwinkle  of  prowess "' 
would  sound  rather  oddU',  we  think,  even  in  the  ears  of 
those  who  knew  that  the  botanical  periwinkle  (Fr.  per- 
venche)  was  intended. 

As,  however,  our  correspondent  spells  the  Avord  par- 
venche, an  orthography  which  is  new  to  us,  we  are  the 
rather  led  to  think  it  possible  that  he  may  be  prepared 
to  produce  some  fresh  authority.] 

Roo-DEE.  —  What  is  the  origin  of  Hoo  in  this 
word,  the  name  of  the  beautiful  meadow  on  the 
bank  of  the  Dee,  which  forms  the  race-course  at 
Chester  ?  D.  E. 

[In  questions  of  this  kind,  a  grain  of  local  knowledge  is 
often  worth  an  hundredweight  of  speculation.  This  is  espe- 
cially the  ease  when,  as  in  the  present  instance,  there  is 
reason  to  suspect  that  the  modern  name  of  a  localit}'  is  not 
the  original  title,  but  simply  a  modification.  Thus  for  Eoo- 
dee,  or  Eoodee,  the  term  now  in  use,  we  find  in  one  old 


map  Rood  Eye,  and  in  another  Roode  Eye ;  while  early 
documents  give  us  Roode-dee,  Rode-dee,  Rood-dee,  &c. 
Unless  the  original  form  can  be  ascertained,  etymological 
conjecture  would  be  thrown  away.] 

Hanby  Hall. — Can  any  of  your  readers  ac- 
quainted with  the  past  history  or  topography  of 
Lincolnshire  inform  me  if  such  a  residence  as 
Hanby  Hall  was  ever  in  existence  :  and  if  so,  at 
what  period  it  was  pulled  down  ?  I  add  "  pulled 
down,"  because  on  reference  to  the  last  published 
Directory  of  Lincolnshire  I  find  no  mention  of 
Hanby  Hall,  present  or  past.  The  only  informa- 
tion relating  to  the  place  is  conveyed  in  the  fol- 
lowing notice  of  it :  — 

"  Hanb}^  is  half  a  mile  north  of  Lenton,  with  a  popula- 
tion of  .54,  and  830  acres.  Lord  Aveland  is  Lord  of  the 
Manor  of  Lenton,  Hanby,  and  Osgodby." 

My  reason  for  making  inquiry  is  simply  this  : 
I  have  a  portrait  in  oil  of  a  gentleman,  evidently 
in  official  costume,  about  the  time  of  Queen  Anne, 
and  on  the  back  of  the  stretcher  is  written  in  a 
very  legible  hand  — 

"No.  2290.  Portrait  in  carved  frame  out  of  Hanby 
Hall,  Lincolnshire." 

The  coat  is  scarlet,  with  large  hanging  cuffs,  and 
lace  ruffles ;  cravat  tied  in  a  knot  under  the  chin, 
the  ends  hanging  loose  within  the  waistcoat; 
white  curled  wig.  Gold  chain  in  two  folds  hung 
round  the  neck,  with  a  medallion  pendent  in  front, 
upon  which  is  depicted  the  raised  head  and  bust 
of  a  male  figure  in  militar}^  costume. 

Query,  Is  the  writing  at  the  back  of  the  por- 
trait a  cunning  device  of  some  picture-dealer  to 
give  interest  to  it  by  stating  ''  out  of  Hanby  Hall, 
Lincolnshire  "  ?  Or,  if  such  a  place  was  in  exist- 
ence, may  it  not  be  the  portrait  of  some  member 
of  the  family  once  living  there  ?  I  should  be  glad 
of  any  information,  or  reply  to  my  inquiry,  as  the 
portrait  may  be  an  historical  one.  H.  M. 

[There  was  certainly  a  building  called  Ilanbj'  Hall 
formerty  at  Hanby,  a  hamlet  in  the  parish  of  Lavington, 
or  Lanton.  In  Allen's  Lincolnshire,  ii.  143,  we  read, 
"  About  half  a  mile  from  Welton  church  is  an  ancient 
mansion  called  Hanby  Hall,  the  residence  of  a  family 
named  Hanby."  In  Hotton's  Handbook  of  Topography, 
art.  2858,  is  the  following  broadside :  "  Hanby  in  the 
parish  of  Lenton,  or  Levington,  Lincolnshire,  a  Broadside 
Memorial  stating  the  Case  between  Jn.  Lee  and  Sir  Wil- 
liam Planners  in  an  action  of  Ejectment,  folio,  privatelj"- 
printed,  1818."] 

SiE  Billy  of  Billeeicay.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  any  information  concerning  a  per- 
sonage of  this  name  ?  Daleth. 

[This  personage  will  be  found  figuring  in  a  work  entitled 
TIte  Essex  Champion ;  or,  the  Famous  History  of  Sir 
Billy  of  Billericay  and  his  Squire  Ricardo.  Lond.  1G90, 
4to— a  feeble  attempt,  in  imitation  of  Cervantes,  to  ridicule 
the  romances  of  general  circulation  in  England.] 


S'-i  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


239 


SCOT,  A  LOCAL  PREFIX. 
(3"»  S.  xi.  12,  86,  155.) 

Me.  Gr.  V.  Ikvixg  represents  me  as  totally 
mistaking  the  meaning  of  a  playful  remark  of  the 
late  Joseph  Robertson.  My  authority  is  the  note 
by  the  editor  appended  to  Mr.  Ikting's  paper.  I 
give  it  in  extensu : — "  Mr.  Joseph  llobertson  drew 
attention  to  the  use  of  the  term  Scut  by  the 
Abbot  Sampson  in  the  twelfth  century.  It  was 
evidently  meant  to  designate  not  a  Gael  but  a 
Lov/land  man."  It  is  a  plain  statement  of  fact. 
Mr.  Irving  might  have  spared  himself  the  trouble 
of  citing  so  much  Latin  to  prove  what  had  not 
been  controverted.  Mr.  Eobertson's  knowledge  of 
ancient  records  was  not  impugned,  neither  was  it 
affirmed  that  the  name  Scotland  had  not  been  ap- 
plied to  the  northern  division  of  this  kingdom  in 
the  twelfth  century.  Yom-  correspondent  pro- 
nounces Mr.  Taylor  to  be  perfectly  accurate  for 
the  reason  he  alleges,  that  the  title  Hex  Scotorum 
being  personal,  extended  as  the  chieftains  of  this 
tribe  acquired  dominion  over  the  other  parts  of 
the  country.  Pray  when  was  this,  and  where  is 
the  evidence  f  It  might  be  well  to  show  by  other 
than  bare  assertion  that  the  race  which  Mr. 
Irving  supposes,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  other 
tribes  at  that  time  inhabiting  North  Britain,  are 
here  specifically  designated. 

The  earliest  inhabitants  of  the  Scotch  Lowlands 
were  Celts  of  the  second  immigration,  which,  it 
would  appear,  is  ahmdanthj  jn-ovcd  by  the  remains 
of  their  literature  we  still  possess.  What  literary 
remains  do  we  possess  written  by  the  Celts  of 
the  second  immigration,  and  where  are  these  de- 
posited ?  The  early  inhabitants  of  Scotland  have 
been  described  as  "barbarous  and  fluctuating,  with- 
out letters  or  monuments  to  preserve  their  history 
or  changing  limits." 

Mr.  Irving's  sword  cuts  an  inch  before  the  point. 
Ino  i^roofs  were  offered  that  the  Scotch  were  a 
tribute-paying  people.  It  was  stated  "  I  am  dis- 
posed to  believe,"  &c.  I  do  not  perceive  any  con- 
nection between  the  implied  possibility  of  tribute 
exacted  by  the  Scandinavian  invaders  of  North 
Britain,  and  the  English  claim  of  supremacy. 
Your  correspondent  must  have  been  much  at'a 
loss  for  an  argument  when  he  cited  the  modern 
instance  of  a  man  changing  the  name  of  his  pro- 
perty. Why  is  Milton  Saxon  ?  I  am  of  opinion 
that  sucli  names  as  Scotby,  Scotsthorp,  Scottles- 
thorpe,  Scotsburn,  Scotstarvet,  &c.,  must  of  ne- 
cessity be  either  all  Celtic  (whatever  that  ma}^ 
convey),  all  Saxon,  or  all  Scandin.avian ;  which 
last  I  have  no  doubt  they  will  be  found  by  any 
competent  inquirer  not  blinded  by  hypothesis 
and  willing  to  accept  facts,  however  these  may 
contradict  his  preconceptions.     For  some  reason 


or  other — though  certainly  for  a  reason  which 
does  not  appear — your  correspondent  asserts  that 
the  author  of  the  Staf/rjering  State,  ^c,  prefixed 
his  surname  to  that  of  his  house — &fact  for  which, 
in  the  absence  of  any  kind  of  evidence,  I  venture 
to  substitute  fiction.  SMta  and  Skota  are  Scan- 
dinavian proper  names,  which,  in  the  hands  of  a 
skilful  operator,  might  serve  as  pick-locks  for 
these  lock-fast  places. 

As  to  the  remarks  of  A.  R.,  the  ''  Aberdeen- 
shire man  born  and  bred,"  and  "  never  out  of  it 
for  more  than  a  fortnight,"  I  have  merely  to  ob- 
serve that  I  enunciated  a  simple  fact.  A.  R.'s 
nativity  and  continued  residence  in  the  locality 
obviously  disqualify  him  from  giving  impartial 
judgment.  If  he  has  nothing  better  to  urge  in 
favour  of  the  Gothic  origin  of  the  Pictish  people 
than  the  jocular  remarks  of  his  friends,  his  time 
might  be  better  employed.  J.  C.  R, 

Xcw  Inn,  London. 


THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  PRIESTLEY'S 
LIBRARY. 

(3''»  S.  xi.  18G.) 

P.  A.  S.  will  find  that  the  French  National 
Assembly  did  make  ''  a  public  demonstration  to 
William  Priestley,"  the  son  of  the  Doctor,  in  June, 
1792,  and  granted  him  letters  of  naturalisation. 
The  request  of  ^Villiam  Priestley  to  "  fix  his  re- 
sidence in  France,"  and  "to  be  admitted  to  the 
bar,"  was  "instantly  admitted,"  and  the  Presi- 
dent said,  '-All  freemen  are  brothers;  and  cer- 
tainly it  is  not  without  pride  that  France  will 
adopt  the  son  of  Dr.  Priestley.  The  Assembly 
invites  you  to  the  honour  of  the  sitting."  Many 
other  particulars,  including  the  Doctor's  refusal 
(in  a  formal  letter)  to  accept  a  seat  in  the  Na- 
tional Convention  for  the  "Department  de  I'Orne" 
are  now  before  me  in  tlie  Birmingham  Jonrnal  of 
1857.  I  am  not  sure  where  the  facts  were  found, 
but  I  believe  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine. 
P.  A.  S.  is  welcome  to  a  copy,  or  I  can  probably 
ascertain  the  original  source  of  the  annotations  if 
required. 

The  "  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  late 
Dr.  Joseph  Priestley,  containing  many  scarce  and 
valuable  books  for  sale  by  Thomas  Dobson,  at  the 
Stone  House,  No.  41,  South  Second  Street,  Phi- 
ladelphia, 1816"  (8vo,  96  pp.),  is  now  before  me  ; 
and  it  may  interest  P.  A.  S.  to  know  that  an  ex- 
hibition of  memorials  of  Dr.  Priestley  is  about  to 
be  held  here  as  nearly  as  possible  to  the  date  of 
his  birthday,  March  24.  The  fate  of  Priestley's 
library  is  very  uncertain ;  probably  some  of  his 
books  were  taken  to  America,  as  some  of  the 
volumes  are  marked  "binding  injured."  "The 
late  Sir  R.  IT,  Inglis,"  said  Mr.  Jas.  Iley  wood  at  the 


240 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LS'd  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67. 


inauguration  of  the  Priestley  statue  at  Oxford  m 
I860  "  proposed  to  liini  to  go  and  visit  the  re- 
main's of  the  Ubrary  of  Dr.  Priestley  which  were 
preserved  on  the  shelves  of  the  Philosophical 
Society"  (in  Birmingham).  There  is  evidently 
some  error  here.  The  Birmingham  Philosophical 
''Institution"  had  only  a  few  books,  and  I  have 
never  heard  (after  manv  inquiries)  that  any  ever 
belonged  to  Priestley.  I  have  several  books  with 
his  autograph,  and  one  with  his  book-plate  and 
that  of  his  son ;  but  I  have  never  heard  that  any 
considerable  portion  of  his  library  had  been  saved 
from  the  burning  of  his  house  in  1791.  IMr. 
James  Yates,  F.Pi.S., published  a  very  interesting 
pamphlet  on  the  Memorials  of  Dr.  Priestley,  but 
he  does  not  mention  any  portion  of  the  library, 
and  not  even  the  "  catalogue  "  above  named. 

ESTE. 
Birmingham. 


'   PINKERTOX  CORRESPOXDEXCE  :  THE  TWO 
PvOBERTSOXS. 

'  (3'iS.  X.  387,  496;  xi.  80.) 

It  is  very  annoying  again  to  renew  a  discussion 
upon  a  matter  of  fact  which  admits  of  no  possible 
doubt.  It  would  be  much  better  for  parties  at- 
tempting to  correct  a  supposed  error,  to  be  quite 
sure  they  are  on  safe  ground.  Xow  your  Edin- 
burgh correspondent  J.  G.  S.  has  made  a  mistake 
much  less  excusable  than  that  of  T.  B.,  who,  I 
presume,  being  resident  in  the  South,  could  not  be 
expected  to  be  so  accurate  as  a  person  living 
in  the  Northern  metropolis,  where  Mr.  George 
Robertson  Scott,  of  Benholm,  Advocate,  lived 
during  a  great  portion  of  a  somewhat  long  life, 
and  where  he  was  well  known. 

Alexander  Ptobertson,  originally  in  business  as 
a  Writer  to  the  Signet,  latterly  procured  the  lucra- 
tive appointment  of  a  Principal  Clerk  of  Session. 
In  the  Minutes  of  the  Faculty  of  Advocates, 
"29  July,  1786,  :Mr.  George  Ptobertson,  son  of 
Mr.  Alexander  Robertson,  one  of  the  Principal 
Clerks  of  Session,"  was  publicly  examined  in 
civil  law,  and  found  qualified.  He  must  have  been 
then  at  least  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  was 
unmarried.  Shortly  after  passing  Advocate,  he 
courted  and  espoused  ~Miss  Scott  of  Benholm — a 
young  lady  of  beauty,  and  heiress  of  a  fine  estate 
in  Kincardine.  In  succeeding  Faculty  minute, 
of  date  January  13,  1789,  "  Mr.  George  Robert- 
son Scot "  was  named  one  of  the  examinators  for 
the  ensuing  year.  Of  this  marriage  there  were 
several  sons  and  daughters.  The  eldest  son  was 
named  after  his  father ;  and  the  second,  Hercules 
James,  is  the  one  particularly  named  in  his 
father's  letter  to  Pinker  ton — the  one  printed  by 
Mr.  Dawson  Turner. 
■   Before  the  passing  of  the  Reform  Bill,  when 


votes  were  valuable,  the  father  and  two  sons  were 
enrolled  amongst  the  freeholders  of  Kincardine : 
the  former  as  proprietor  of  Benholm,  and  the 
latter  after  this  fashion  —  "Her.  J.  Robertson, 
Advocate,  life-renter ;  and  George  Robertson  Scot, 
Younger,  of  Benholm,  as  fiar."  That  is  to  say, 
the  second  son  had  a  life-rent,  which  qualified  him 
to  vote ;  whilst  the  fee,  or  substantial  right,  was 
in  his  brother.  Hercules  ultimately  became,  and 
presently  is,  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court  of 
Session. 

In  the  Gentleman^ s  Magazine  (Obituary)  there 
is  this  entry,  1835  :  "  October  30,  at  Edinburgh, 
George  Robertson  Scot,  Esq.  of  Benholm."  The 
estate  of  Benholm  has  been  sold,  and  now  belongs 
to  Lord  Cranstoun.  "When  Mr.  Hercules  Robert- 
son got  his  judgeship,  he  selected  the  title  of  the 
estate  which  had  belonged  to  his  mother,  on 
which  he  had  at  one  time  a  life-rent  vote,  and  is 
styled  Lord  Benholm.  The  name  of  Scot  has 
been  entirely  laid  aside  by  the  family :  and  his 
youngest  brother.  Treasurer  of  the  Faculty  of 
Advocates,  is  only  known  as  Charles  Robertson, 
Esq.  This  is  all  a  very  dry  narrative  of  facts, 
but  it  became  necessary  from  the  mistake  of  your 
correspondent.  Mr.  Robertson  Scott  and  his 
lady  sat  for  many  years,  during  my  boyhood,  in 
the  Episcopal  Chapel,  Cowgate,  where  I  was 
accustomed  to  see  them  on  Sundays,  and  I  thought 
them  about  the  handsomest  couple  in  the  church. 
The  Ayrshire  Robertson  (designated  as  an 
"  obscure "  writer  by  T.  B.)  has  his  name  and 
some  of  his  productions  recorded  in  Watt's  Bib- 
liotheca,  and  it  was  perhaps  there  that  Pinkerton's 
editor  picked  up  his  name.  He  was  at  one  time 
in  the  employment  of  the  Eglinton  family.  He 
was  7iot  an  advocate  ;  and  never,  if  married,  had  a 
son  Hercules  for  Pinkerton  to  educate.  Neither 
was  he  ever  possessor  of  Benholm.  His  having 
written  on  the  agriculture  of  Kincardine,  if  he 
really  did  so,  is  a'strauge  reason  for  putting  him 
forward  as  a  correspondent  of  Pinkerton,  who 
probably  never  had  heard  of  him.  This  work  I 
never  saw;  but  there  is  a  Surveij  of  Kincardine 
in  1811,  not  by  George,  but  James  Robertson, 
D.D.,  minister  "of  Callender,  in  the  county  of 
Perth.  This  reverend  gentleman  was  the  author 
of  several  other  agricultural  surveys.  See  Lowndes, 
both  editions. 

One  circumstance  in  regard  to  the  Ayrshire  gentle- 
man, who  was  a  laborious  and  respectable  person, 
one  who  took  great  delight  in  genealogical  mys- 
teries, is  curious  enough.  He  it  was  who  brought 
about  the  dispute  usually  denominated  the  "  Salt- 
foot  Controversv,"  by  giving,  in  his  continuation 
of  Crawford's  'Henfrew,  a  grand  ancestry  to  Sir 
Henry  Stewart,  of "Allanton,  Bart.— a  worthy  and 
excellent  man,  who  had  the  rather  pardonable 
vanity  of  wishing  to  get  recognised  as  of  the 
genuine    Stewart    blood.      For     this,    however. 


3'd  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


241 


Kobertson  had  some  sort  of  an  excuse,  as  tliere  was 
in  existence  a  MS.  amongst  the  Allanton  papers 
giving  an  account  of  a  fabulous  battle  of  Morn- 
ingside,  the  hero  of  which  was  a  Stewart,  the 
ancestor  of  the  credulous  Sir  Henry. 

Now  this  piece  of  nonsense  excited  the  wrath 
of  certain  clever  genealogists,  amongst  whom  was 
the  late  John  Riddell,  Esq.,  who  produced  au 
extract  from  the  memoii-s  of  the  Sommerville  family 
showing  that  the  ''  good  man ''  of  Allanton,  when 
dining  at  the  table  of  the  Lords  Sommerville,  sat 
below  the  salt — no  persons  but  those  of  a  high 
grade  being  allowed  to  sit  above  it.  The  salt  was 
placed  in  a  vessel,  usually  a  silver  one,  near  the 
centre,  and  those  below  were  persons  of  an  in- 
ferior grade.  A  fierce  contest  ensued.  The  papers, 
whicli  originally  appeared  in  BlackicoocTs  Maga- 
zine, were  collected  together  and  printed  in  a 
volume  under  the  title  of  the  Salt-foot  Contro- 
versy. It  is  an  extremely  amusing  book.  The 
letter  in  it  signed  "  Candidus  "  is  the  production 
of  Mr.  George  Robertson ;  but  unfortunately  his 
attempts  to  support  the  Allanton  pedigree  were 
the  cause  of  additional  annoyance  to  the  baronet, 
as  evidence  was  adduced  to  show  that  his  ances- 
tors were  merely  church  vassals  or  reutallers, 
and  that  too  at  no  very  remote  period.  Mr. 
Riddell  had  a  happy  talent  for  exposures  of  this 
kind.  His  last  work  was  a  detection  of  the 
numerous  blunders  in  a  privately-printed  genea- 
logical work,  in  which  an  attempt  had  been  made 
to  deprive  the  Stirlings  of  Drumpellier  of  their 
right  to  the  representation  of  the  ancient  family 
of  Stirling  of  Cadder.  J.  M. 


"  HAMBLETONIAX  "  AND  "  DIAMOND." 

(3'-'^  S.  xi.  96,  219.) 

This  celebrated  match  is  thus  recorded  in  The 
Racing  Calendar  and  Baily''s  Racing  Register :  — 

"  Newmarket,  25th  Mar.  1799.— Sir  Henrj'  T.  Vane's 
b.  h.  Hambletonian,  by  King  Fergus,  8  st.  3  11).,  beat 
Mr.  Cookson's  br.  h.  Diamond,  8st.  Beacon  Course.  3,000 
guineas,  h.  forf .    5  to  4  on  Hambletonian." 

A  description  of  it  will  be  found  in  Whyte's 
History  of  the  British  Turf,  vol.  ii.  11. 

Diamond  had  been  purchased  by  Sir  Henry, 
who,  in  the  spring  of  1797,  sold  him  to  Mr.  Cook- 
son,  and  Hambletonian  was  bought  hj  him  of  Sir 
Charles  Turner,  at  the  York  Meeting  in  August, 
1796,  and  ran  at  that  meeting  in  Sir  Henry's 
name. 

The  Beacon  Course  is  4  m.  1  fur.  1.38  yards  in 
length,  and  according  to  the  best  authorities,  the 
distance  was  run  in  about  eight  rninutes  and  a  half, 
and  Hambletonian  was  supposed  to  have  covered 
twenty-one  feet  in  his  last  stroke  on  passing  the 
winning-post. 


In  addition  to  the  original  stake,  the  owners  of 
the  horses  were  said  to  have  had  a  large  by-bet, 
and  heavy  sums  changed  hands  on  the  event. 
The  horses  were  the  most  famous  of  the  period, 
and  in  this  race  the  blood  of  Eclipse  triumphed 
over  that  of  Herod,  Hambletonian  being  in  the 
second  degree  from  Eclipse,  Diamond  from  Herod. 

Sir  Henry  was  so  pleased  with  his  victory, 
that  he  would  never  again  permit  his  favourite 
racer  to  start. 

The  pictures  (in  my  possession)  from  which  the 
engravings  were  taken,  represent  the  preparation 
for  the  start,  and  the  finish  opposite  the  Duke's 
Stand.  In  the  latter  print,  the  crowd  of  horse- 
men, who  are  represented  to  be  following  the 
struggling  rivals,  are  portraits  of  characters  then 
well  known  on  Newmarket  Heath. 

H.  M.  Vane. 

74,  Eaton  Place,  S.W. 


Prison  Life  (3"^  S.  xi.  138.)  —  The  novels  of 
the  period  give  very  graphic  descriptions  of  prison 
life,  particularly  the  Amelia  of  Fielding.  Earlier 
than  the  time  mentioned  much  may  be  gathered 
from  that  very  rare  and  curious  folio,  Captain 
Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Highwaymen  and  Pirates ; 
and  still  earlier  the  Counter  Rat  and  the  Counter 
Scuffle ;  while,  for  Shakespearian  times,  the  most 
curious  work  is  Essayes  and  Characters  of  a  Prison 
and  Prisoners  by  Gefli'ay  Minshull,  first  printed 
in  1618.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Hoese-Chestnttt  (3"»  S.  xi.  46,  123.)— There 
is  no  attempt  to  impose  upon  credulity  in  the 
statement  of  W.  W.  It  is  certain  that  the  re- 
semblance to  a  horse's  hoof  at  the  joint  of  every 
twig  of  the  horse-chestnut  tree  is  very  striking ; 
and  seven  holes  surrounding  it  are  remarkably 
like  those  outside  the  hoof  where  the  nails  are 
clenched.  I  have  often  cut  oft'  a  twig  at  the 
joint — and  have  just  done  so  again,  to  be  enabled 
to  give  a  correct  description — and  after  peeling 
off"  the  bark  down  to  the  hoof,  and  scooping  out 
the  pith  inside  of  it,  have  produced  a  perfect  imi- 
tation of  the  leg,  fetlock,  hoof,  and  horse-shoe. 
There  are  even  the  holes  or  heads  of  the  nails 
distinctly  seen  underneath  the  hoof,  corresponding 
with  the  holes  outside.  This,  moreover,  is  the 
most  proper  time  for  the  experiment,  when  the 
leaves  are  off  the  tree.  I  enclose  the  trifle  as  a 
curiosity  for  those  who  may  have  never  seen  it. 

Still  I  do  not  believe  that  the  tree  was  named 
the  horse-chestnut  on  this  account ;  but  incline  to 
the  more  obvious  derivation  from  the  prefix  horse 
being  so  often  employed  to  designate  anything 
coarse  and  of  inferior  value,  as  this  tree  is  in  com- 
parison with  the  Spanish  or  sweet  chestnut. 

.  F.  C.  H. 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  Makch  23,  '67. 


What  are  your  correspondents  maundering  about, 
•sveek  after  week,  as  to  the  origin  of  "  horse-chest- 
nut," when  in  that  most  learned,  brilliant,  witty,  and 
amusing  work  of  Samuel  Pegge,  Anecdotes  of  the 
Enghah  Language,  they  have  this  passage  before 
them  (p.  2-iJ  ? — 

"  '  Horse  laagli.'  Some  et;,Tnologists  contend  that  it  is 
a  corruption  of  hoarse  laugh.'  but  in  such  case  it  must  be 
confined  to  those  who  naturally  have  a  ven,-  rough  voice, 
or  have  got  a  \aolent  cold,  neither  of  which  circumstances 
are  absolutely  necessary  ;  for  what  we  call  a  horse  laugh 
depends  rather  upon  loudness,  rude  vehemence,  or  vulgarity 
of  manner.  It  seems  to  be,  in  fact,  no  more  than  an  expres- 
sion of  augmentation,  as  the  prepositive  horse  is  applied 
variously  to  denote  several  things  large  and  coarse  by 
contradistinction.  Thus,  in  the  vegetable  system,  we  have 
the  horse-radish,  horse-walnut,  and  horse-chesnut.  In  the 
animal  world  there  is  the  horse-emmet  (or  Formica  leo), 
the  horse-muscle,  and  the  horse-crab  ;  not  forgetting  that  a 
fat,  clumsy,  vulgar  woman  is  jocularly  termed  a  horse- 
godmother.  To  close  all,  we  say  '  As  sick  as  a  horse,'  to 
express  a  great  discharge  by  vomiting,  Avhereas  a  horse 
never  experiences  that  sort  of  sickness.'' 

i>t\o5ous. 

Salmagtjxdi  (3^^  S.  X.  259,  320.)— Menage  (ed. 
1694)  gives  salmigondi  as  a  sort  of  ragout,  and  the 
following  etymology :  Saiga  mi- conditus,  salmi- 
conditus,  salmigondi — "  as  mari  from  maritus,  in- 
fini  from  injinitus,  eiourdi  from  stoliditus,"  &c. 
The  ancients,  he  says,  gave  the  name  of  salgdmznn 
to  apples,  pears,  figs,  raisins,  radishes  or  turnips, 
cucumbers,  cabbage,  puvslain,  and  the  like,  pre- 
served with  salt  in  vases,  and  the  word  is  found 
in  this  sense  in  Columella,  Ausonius,  and  the 
Code  :  — 

'■'On  a  appele  ensuite  de  ce  mesme  mot  tons  les  as- 
saisonnemens  composes  de  diverses  choses.  Et  e'est  de-la 
que  nous  avons  dit  salmigondi,  pour  dire  un  ragoust  com- 
pose de  difFerens  morceaux :  ce  que  nous  appelons  autre- 
ment  un  pot  pourri." 

He  says  that  salmigondi  may  also  have  been 
formed  from  salmyvid  conditus :  thus,  a\p.vpis,  hal- 
myrius,  salmyria,  salmyrid  co7iditus,  salmiconditiis ; 
for  he  adds  —  "  Le  sel  est  la  sausse  de  toutes  les 

sausses :   -Kavroiv  ixku  u^av  u^ov  etalv  oi  i:\es." 

JOHX  W.  BOXE. 

Armitage  (:y'^  S.  xi.  1.36.) — On  turning  to 
Dugdale's  England  and  Wales  delineated,  I  "find 
that  the  town  of  Armitage,  in  Staffordshire,  "re- 
ceived its  name  from  having  been  the  residence  of 
a  hermit." 

In  Lancashire,  Armitage  is  a  common  surname. 
The  Post  Office  Directory  for  Manchester,  in  the 
commercial  division  alone,  gives  nineteen  people  of 
that  name.  II.  Fi^hwice:. 

There  is  an  outlying  suburb  of  Xottingham, 
called  Swiuton :  and  in  a  part  of  tliis  there  are 
several  tenements,  which  have  mo?t  of  their  rooms 
hewn  out  of  the  rock  both  beliind  and  above 
them.  This  is  written  "  Swinton  Hermitage," 
but  generally  pronounced   "  Swioton  Armitage." 


This  will  be  some  answer,  I  think,  to  A.  B.  C.'s 
quer}'.  Henet  Moody. 

Temple. 

To  Ktxhe  (3^<i  S.  xi.  176.)— This  word  is  de- 
fined by  Dr.  Jamieson  —  1.  To  show;  2.  To  prac- 
tise ;  3.  To  appear  in  proper  character.  In  Mait- 
land's  History  of  Edinhurgh,  p.  61,  column  2, 
it  is  said  of  a  learned  Professor,  that  he  was 
"  kythed  old  in  Aristotle,"  which  seems  to  mean 
"  learned  in  " ;  but  none  c^f  these  satisfactorily 
meets  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  the  Scotch 
translation  of  the  Psalm.  The  prose  Psalm  says, 
"  With  the  forward  thou  wilt  shoio  thyself  for- 
ward," which  is  probably  the  best  explanation, 

G. 

XoTHLN'G  New  tjxder  the  Srx:  Conjugal 
MisuxDERSTAK-DiNG  (3''^  S.  xi.  93.) — It  is  amus- 
ing, after  reading  the  London  reminiscence  of  your 
correspondent  Mr.  Addis,  to  turn  to  the  follow- 
ing passage  in  Borrow's  Bible  in  Spain  (vol.  ii. 
chap.  iii.  p.  53,  edit.  1843)  :  — 

"  A  burly  savage-looking  fellow  sat  with  his  wife  at 
the  door  of  the  inn.  Both  seemed  to  be  under  the  in- 
fluence of  an  incomprehensible  furj'.  At  last,  upon  some 
observation  from  the  woman,  the  man  started  up,  and 
drawing  a  long  knife  from  his  girdle,  stabbed  at  her 
naked  bosom  ;  she,  however,  intei-posed  the  palm  of  her 
hand,  which  was  much  cut.  He  stood  for  a  moment 
viewing  the  blood  trickling  upon  the  ground,  -(vhilst  she 
held  up  her  wounded  hand  ;  then,  with  an  astounding 
oath,  he  hurried  up  the  court  to  the  Plaza.  I  went  up  to 
the  woman,  and  said :  '  What  is  the  cause  of  this  ?  I 
hope  the  ruffian  has  not  seriously  injured  you  ?  '  She 
turned  her  countenance  upon  me  with  the  face  of  a 
demon  :  and  at  last,  with  a  sneer  of  contempt,  exclaimed, 
'  Cannot  a  Catalan  gentleman  be  conversing  with  his 
lady  upon  their  own  private  affairs  without  being  inter- 
rupted bv  voa  .' '  " 

J.  w.  w. 

Certainly,  Moliere's  conjugal  pair  were  before 
my  time,  whatever  was  the  chronology  of  Mr. 
Addis's  Londoners;  but  just  about  the  close  of 
the  last  century,  I  was  going  home  one  night  at 
the  small  hours — it  was  in  Sackville  Street, 
Dublin — when  I  came  short  upon  a  man  dragging 
a  woman  along,  who,  on  her  resistance,  struck  her 
a  sharp  blow  in  the  face.  Of  course,  I  oftered  my 
mediation  by  knocking  him  down.  Immediately 
the  woman  "fiew  at  me,  twisted  her  hands  round 
my  cravat,  and  set  her  knuckles  in  my  throat ; 
while  the  man,  having  got  up,  pegged  away  at 
my  visage,  till  the  watchman  came  up  and  took 
the  pair  of  them  off  me.  As  soon  as  I  could 
speak,  I  told  my  story,  which  the  fair  garrotteress 
corroborated  by  arguing  :  "  If  my  husband  thinks 
well  to  bate  me,  what" call  had'  he  to  put  in  be- 
twixt us?"  Whereiipon  the  guardian  of  the 
night  allowed  me  to  make  my  way  home  with 
"eye-witnesses"  not  less  vouchable  than  my 
brother-Cuttloean's.  E.  L.  S. 


3'<i  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


243 


Adyertisixg  (3'^'^  S.  xi,  114.)— One  very  early 
instance  of  an  advertisement  occurs  to  me,  and 
may  be  of  service  to  E.  W.  P.  It  is  the  notice 
of  the  opening  of  the  baths  at  Pompeii,  which 
was  found  inscribed  on  the  walls  of  the  court.  It 
was  almost  perfect  when  discovered,  and  originall}^ 
read  thus :  — 

"  Dedicatone  .  Thermarum  .  Muneris  .  Cnaii  .  Allei . 
Nigidii  .  Maii  .  Venalio  .  Athelx  .  Sparsiones  .  Vela  . 
Erunt  .  i^Iaio  .  Principi  .  Colonise  .  Feliciter." 

H.  FlSHAVICK. 

William  Tattox  (o'''^  S.  xi.  185)  was  ap- 
pointed ensign  in  Cornwall's  (9th)  Foot  on  June 
1,  1GS7,  and  served  in  several  campaigns  under 
King  "William  in  Flanders.  He  was  made  Lieut.- 
colouel  of  Marlborough's  (24:th)  regiment,  and 
proceeded  to  Flanders.  He  was  better  acquainted 
with  the  country  of  Germany  than  any  other 
man  in  the  army,  having  travelled  there ;  and 
was  therefore  selected  by  Cadogan  as  his  as- 
sistant, to  whom  the  details  of  Marlborough's 
celebrated  march  to  the  Danube  in  1704  was 
principally  entrusted.  He  was  present  at  Blen- 
heim and  Eamillies.  In  1707  he  exchanged  to 
the  First  Foot  Guards  with  Colonel  Primrose,  and 
some  time  afterwards  succeeded  to  the  lieut.- 
colonelcy  of  the  regiment.  He  was  at  the  same 
time  a  major-general,  a  rank  he  had  obtained  in 
1710.  In  1729  he  was  promoted  to  the  colonelcy 
of  the  3rd  Buffs.  He  was  a  lieut. -general,  and 
governor  of  Tilbury  Fort.     He  died  in  1737. 

Sebastian. 
Leslie  Family  (ii"^  S.  xi.  175.) — The  following 
entries  as  to  the  Browns  of  Coalstomi  appear  in 
the  Index  to  what  are  called  General  and  Special 
Retours  in  Scotland :  — 

"  Georgius  Broun  de  Coalstoiin  hajres  Elizabethe 
Broun  Sororis  Germani." — General  Retour,  p.  660,  Oc- 
tober 31,  ](J16. 

"  Georgius  Broun  de  Coalstoun  ha;res  Patricii  Broun 
de  Coalstoun  patris  in  terris  et  baronia  de  Coalstoun," 
(fee.  &c.—  Special  Retour,  County  of  Haddington  (No.  21, 
April  2G,  1604). 

"Patrick  Broune  of  Coalstonne,  heir  male  of  George 
Broune  of  Coalstoun,  his  immediate  elder  brother  in  the 
lands  and  Barony  of  Coalstoun,  &c."  —  Jh.  (No.  249, 
May  6,  1658.) 

G. 

Edinburgh. 

St.  Hilary's  Day  (S'^  S.  xi.  138.)  —  The  feast 
of  St.  Hilary  of  Poictiers  is  kept  in  the  Eoman 
office  on  January  14.  Why  does  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer  place  it  on  the  13th  ?  In  the 
old  English  Calendar  of  Sarum  Use,  the  13th  is 
kept  as  the  octave  of  the  Epiphany,  with  a  third 
Lesson  of  St.  Hilary  in  Matins,  and  a  commemo- 
ration of  him  in  the  Mass.  In  the  Roman  office, 
the  13th  is  exclusively  appropriated  to  the  octave 
of  the  Epiphany,  and  St.  Hilary  has  a  separate 
feast  on  the  14th.     When  then  the  observance  of 


octave  days  was  discontinued  b}'  the  Established 
Church  in  England,  a  feast  of  St.  Hilary  alone 
was  celebrated  on  January  13,  that  being  also  the 
day  of  the  saint's  decease.  Alban  Butler  men- 
tions that  in  some  ancient  martyrology  his  feast  is 
on  November  1.  F.  C.  H. 

QuoTATioiirs  WANTED  (3"^'^  S.  xi.  153.) — E,  G. 
will  find  a  variation  of  the  line,  "  And  I  thy  Pro- 
testant will  be,"  in  Herrick's  sonnet  "to  Anthea, 
who  may  command  him  in   anything,"  begin- 


"  Bid  me  to  live,  and  I  will  live 
Thy  Protestant  to  be." 


C.  H.  M. 


"  Thou  sleepest,  but  we  do  not  forget  thee." 
This  is  derived  from  the  address  of  the  shade  of 
Patroclus  to  Achilles,  altered  for  the  purpose  of 
an  epitaph  — 

"  Sleepest  thou,  Achilles,  mindless  of  thy  friend, 
Neglecting,  not  the  living,  but  the  dead  ?  " 

Lord  Derby's  II.  xxiii.  82. 

Edw.  Marshall. 

Marriage  Queries  (3'^'*  S.  xi.  135,  137.)  — 
Another  odd  superstition  connected  with  the  initial 
letters  of  the  names  of  a  wedded  couple  is  that  it 
is  lucky  if  they  spell  a  word.  Thus  the  union  of 
Frank  and  Olivia  Roberts  would  be  thought  au- 
spicious, as  it  spells  ''for;"  while,  if  the  lady's 
name  had  been  Mary,  the  gossips  would  think  it 
an  ill  omen. 

The  origin  of  throwing  the  old  shoe  is  still 
enveloped  in  myster3^  I  once,  however,  wit- 
nessed a  curious  variation  of  this  at  a  wedding  in 
Kent.  When  the  carriage  started  with  the  happy 
pair,  the  bridesmaids  were  drawn  up  in  one  row, 
and  the  men  in  another.  The  old  shoe  was  then 
thrown  as  far  as  possible,  and  the  bridesmaids  ran 
for  it ;  the  successful  lady  being  supposed  to  be 
the  first  to  get  married.  This  lady  then  threw 
the  shoe  at  the  gentlemen^  the  one  who  was  hit 
by  it  also  being  supposed  to  be  the  first  to  enter 
the  bonds  of  wedlock.  At  whom  the  shoe  was 
aimed,  of  course  it  would  be  improper  to  guess, 
but  it  is  not  unlikely  a  wedding  might  follow  the 
incident.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

"  The  Sea  Piece  "  (S'^  S.  xi.  13G.)— The  Sea 
Piece,  a  narrative,  philosophical,  and  descriptive 
poem  in  five  cantos,  was  written  by  J.  Kirkpatrick, 
M.D.,  a  native  of  Carlow.  It  was  published  in 
an  8vo  volume  in  1750,  and  had  probably  been 
previously  printed  in  separate  cantos  in  4to.  In 
my  copy  there  is  a  long  dedication  to  George 
Townshend,  Esq.,  Commodore  of  His  Majesty's 
Squadron  at  Jamaica.  J.  W. 

Chitrch  Dedication  :  Wellingborough  (3'* 
S.  xi.  75.)— B.  H.  C.  writes  of  the  alleged  dedica- 


244 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^d  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67. 


tion  of  a  chiircli  at  Wellingborough  to  St.  Luke 
and  All  Saints :  "  I  regard  "  such  a  dedication 
"as  an  anomaly." 

Now,  if — as  is,  I  think,  true — the  church  at  Wel- 
lingborough was  dedicated  to  St.  Luke  and  All 
Saints,-  this  is  the  only  instance  I  believe  of  such 
a  dedication  :  but  the  combination  is  no  anomaly. 
There  are  in  England  twenty-four  churches  dedi- 
cated to  St.  Mary  and  All  Saints ;  while  there  are 
eleven,  including  this  at  Wellingborough,  dedi- 
cated to  some  other  special  saint  in  conjunction 
-with  All  Saints.         JoHiSr  Hoskyns-Abrahall. 

Meijmath  (3'«S.  xi.  96,  205.)  — I  think  your 
correspondent  CoiirsTAK^T  Reader  will  find  that 
"  4  menmaths  "  means  four  men's  mowing,  from 
"men  "  and  "  moeth,"  a  mowing.  We  have  still 
the  word  "  aftermath  "  in  common  use. 

John  Shrtjpp. 

Surbiton. 

Dancing  beeore  the  High  Altar  at  Seville 
(3^1  S.  xi.  132,  207.)  —  Is  it  possible  that  this 
curious  custom  may  have  allusion  to  the  legend  of 
the  Blessed  Virgin  as  given  in  Hone's  Apocryphal 
New  Testament,  London,  1820.  Protevangelion, 
vii.  5  ?  — 

"  And  he  placed  her  upon  the  third  step  of  the  altar, 
and  the  Lord  {^ave  unto  her  grace,  and  she  danced  with 
her  feet,  and  all  the  house  of  Israel  loved  her." 

W.  J.  Bernhard  Smith. 
Temple. 

Lincolnshire  Bagpipe  (3'^^  S.  xi.  171.)  —  In 
Michael  Drayton's  Blazons  of  the  Shires  he  gives 
the  bagpipe  as  the  emblem  of  Lincolnshire  — 
"Beane-belly  Lestershire  her  attribute  doth  beare, 

And  bells  and  bagpipes  next,  belong  to  Lincolneshire." 

Again,  in  his  twenty-fifth  song  — 
"  Thou,  Wytham,  mine  own  town,  first  water'd  with  my 
source, 

As  to  the  Eastern  sea  I  hasten  on  my  course, 

Who  sees  so  pleasant  plains,  or  knows  of  fairer  scene  ? 

Whose  swains  in  shepherd's  gray,  and  girls  in  Lincoln 
green, 

Whilst  some  the  rings  of  bells,  and  some  the  bappipes  ply, 

Dance  many  a  merry  Kound,  and  many  a  Hydegy." 

Other  notes  about  Lincolnshire  bagpipes  have 
been  collected  by  the  commentators  on  Shake- 
speare (for  which  see  BosioeWs  Ilalone).  Although, 
therefore,  the  word  bar/jnjje  may  be  sometimes 
used  metaphorically,  it  is  not  necessarily  so  when 
applied  to  Lincolnshire.  Wm.  Chappell. 

Cithern:  Rebeck  (5'^  S.  xi.  174.)  — There  is 
no  further  similarity  between  a  German  zither 
and  an  old  English  cittern  or  cithren,  than  that 
strings  of  wire  are  common  to  both.  If  E.  S. 
wishes  for  an  English  cittern,  he  should  ask  at 
brokers'  shops  for  an  English  guitar,  for  that  was 
the  name  of  the  instrument  in  the  last  century. 
Old  Preston,  the  musicseller  is  said  to  have  made 


his  fortune  by  the  machine  head  for  winding  up 
the  wires.  The  instrument  had  latterly  six  strings, 
some  with  two  wires  to  a  note,  to  be  tuned  in  unison. 
In  the  seventeenth  century  it  had  but  four  double 
strings.  The  German  zither  has  a  larger  number 
of  strings,  and  no  neck  ;  it  is  more  like  an  English 
harp-lute,  but  differs  from  that  instrument  chiefiy 
in  being  strung  with  wire  instead  of  gut,  and  in 
being  of  smaller  size.  The  rebeck,  according  to 
Phillips's  Netv  World  of  Words,  3rd  ed.  1672,  was 
a  small  instrument  of  three  [gut]  strings ;  the 
Latin  name  Jidicula.  Wm.  Chappell. 

Dalmahot  Family  (S'^'*  S.  xi.  8,  200.)— I  have 
great  pleasure  in  complying  with  the  request  of 
Anglo-Scottts  that  I  should  tell  something  more 
about  the  earldom  of  Dirleton. 

James,  son  of  John  Maxwell  of  Kirkhouse,  by 
Jane,  sister  of  John,  first  Earl  of  Annandale,  was 
one  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  bed-chamber  to 
James  VI.  and  Charles  I.  He  purchased  the 
estate  of  Dirleton  from  the  Earl  of  Kellie  in  1631. 
He  was  raised  to  the  peerage  in  1646  by  the  titles 
of  Earl  of  Dirleton  and  Lord  Elbottel.  He  died 
without  male  issue  before  1653,  when  the  titles 
became  extinct.  He  left  two  daughters,  Elizabeth, 
Duchess  of  Hamilton,  and  Diana,  Viscountess 
Cranboru,  mother  of  the  third  Earl  of  Salisbury. 

The  lands  of  Dirleton  were  purchased  in  1663 
by  Sir  John  Nisbet,  who  sat  as  Lord  of  Session, 
with  the  courtesy  title  of  Lord  Dirleton, 

Dalmahoy  of  that  ilk  was  a  well-known  family 
in  the  county  of  Edinburgh.  John  Dalmahoy 
was  created  a  baronet  by  Charles  II.,  Dec.  2, 1679. 
Sir  Alexander,  the  fourth  baronet,  was  an  officer  in 
the  French  service  a.nd  Knight  of  St.  Louis,  on 
whose  death  the  title  became  extinct.  I  have 
never  seen  any  precise  date  assigned  for  this  last 
event ;  but,  looking  to  the  ordinar}'  duration  of 
lives,  it  most  probably  occurred  many  years  before 
1800. 

That  Thomas  Dalmahoy,  the  second  husband  of 
the  Duchess  of  Hamilton,  may  have  belonged  to 
this  family,  is  certainly  not  impossible.  But,  on 
the  other  hand,  it  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  the 
Christian  name  Thomas  never  appears  in  any  of 
their  pedigrees  1  have  seen. 

It  has  occurred  to  me  that  it  is  not  improbable 
some  light  may  be  thrown  on  the  matter  by  An- 
derson's History  of  the  HOuse  of  Hamilton.  There 
is  no  copy  of  this  work  in  the  British  Museum ; 
but  having  occasion  to  write  on  other  matters  to 
a  near  relative  in  Scotland,  who  I  know  possesses 
a  copy,  I  shall  take  the  opportunity  of  asking  him 
to  look  into  the  matter. 

George  Veee  Irving. 

P.S.  Since  the  above  was  written,  I  have  heard 
from  Scotland,  Anderson's  History  contains  no 
information  as  to  the  ancestors  of  Thomas  Dal- 
mahoy. 


S'l  S.  XL  March  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


245 


Papal  Bulls  i^  fatotje  of  Fkeemasons_(3'^'1 
S.  xi.  12.)  —  M.  C.  says  that  ''numerous  -writers 
agree  in  stating  that  the  Popes  issued  Bulls  re- 
commending the  confraternities  of  travelling  Free- 
mason as  church-builders."  If  he  Tvill  turn  to 
Mr.  Wyatt  Papworth's  paper  on  "Masous,"  &c., 
in  the  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Institute  of  British 
Architects  (Session  1861-62,  p.  55)  he  will  find 
Mr.  Papworth  states  that  Aubrey,  at  least  before 
1686,  cited  Sir  William  Dugdale  as  having  told 
him  "  many  years  since,  that  about  Henry  III. 's  time 
(1216-72)  the  Pope  gave  a  Bull  or  patent  to  a 
company  of  Italian  Freemasons  to  travel  up  and 
down  over  all  Europe  to  build  churches,"  Go- 
vernor Pownall  stated,  in  a  communication  to  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1788,  that  he  had 
searched  the  Vatican  Library  for  some  such  papal 
rescript  or  document,  without  success.  Some  pas- 
sage to  the  same  effect  as  regards  the  Bull  is 
attributed  to  Sir  C.  Wren  in  the  Parentalia. 
From  a  comparison  of  circumstances,  Mr.  Pap- 
worth  considers  that  Dugdale's  information  most 
probably  referred  to  the  "Letters  of  Indulgence  " 
of  Pope  Nicholas  HI.  in  1278,  and  to  others  by 
his  successors  as  late  as  the  fourteenth  century, 
granted  to  the  lodge  of  masons  working  at  Sti-as- 
burg  Cathedral.  "If  this  be  correct,"  concludes 
Mr.  Papworth,  ''  it  clears  up  a  long  debated  point, 
and,  I  fear,  does  away  with  some  more  of  the 
romance  attached  to  this  interesting  subject." 

It  is  quite  clear  that  anything  like  our  modern 
lodges  of  Freemasonry  could  not  have  been  the  sub- 
ject  of  a  Bull,  as  the  Church  of  Rome  has  always 
in  the  strongest  mannei-,  and  even  up  to  the  pre- 
sent time,  condemned  and  suppressed  all  secret 
societies.  What  we  hear  of  old  guilds  of  free 
masons  applies  to  the  workers  in  free  stone,  as 
distinguished  from  the  ordinary  rough  stonemason, 
the  maqon  of  the  French,  or  the  wall-builder. 
There  is  no  more  reason  to  suppose  the  guild 
alluded  to  was  a  secret  society  than  those  of  the 
Salt  Fish  and  Stock  Fish  companies  of  London, 
or  the  Mercers'  or  Drapers'.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Cathedral  op  ABEHOEEiir  (S'''^  S.  xi.  174.)  — 
Blackie's  Imperial  Gazetteer,  under  the  head  of 
'■  Aberdeen  (Old)  "  contains  the  following  notice 
of  the  cathedral :  — 

"  The  nave  of  the  cathedral  now  used  as  the  parish 
church  of  Old  Machar,  and  two  fine  spires  at  the  west  end, 
are  all  that  remains  of  the  original  structure — a  magni- 
ficent building  commenced  in  the  fourteenth  century,  and 
dedicated  to  St.  Machar P 

John  Davidsost. 
Vattghan  :  Docwka  (3'"'^  S.  ix.  453.) — H.  Lofttjs 
Tottenham  will  find  pedigrees  of  the  Vaughans 
in  Jones's  History  of  Brecknock.  Can  he  give  me 
any  account  of  the  Docwra  family,  who  were  set- 
tled atPuckeridge  (inwhatparish  isPuckeridge?), 


and  intermarried  with  the  Parry  family  of  Pucke- 
ridge,  of  whom  John  Docwra  Parry,  author  of 
History  of  Wohurn  Abbey,  Accounts  of  the  Coast  of 
Sussex,  &c.,  is  one  ?  B. 

Civil  Waks  (3'^  S.  si.  115.)  —  Matchlocks 
were  principally  used  by  the  infantry.  At  times 
we  read  of  ivheellock  pistols  {vide  Ludlow,  Siege 
of  JVardonr  Castle),  which  must  have  been  chiefly 
used  by  the  cavalry.  These  were  spanned  or 
wound  up  like  a  watch,  and  worked  on  a  hard 
stone  or ^mi! inside  the  lock,  which  elicited  sparks 
to  ignite  the  charge.  Sometimes  it  would  not  go 
off  after  being  long  spanned,  and  occasionally 
burst,  as  in  the  case  of  J.  Hampden  at  Chalgrove, 
Killigrew,  Pendennis  Castle.  The  firelocks,  how- 
ever, used  by  the  Parliamentar}^  companies  of 
foot,  under  Captains  Desborough  and  Brent,  at 
Naseby  (vide  Sprigge's  Anglia  Rediviva)  must 
have  been  flintlock  muskets.  They  guarded  the 
baggage  and  train,  and  fired  "  with  great  effect " 
on  Prince  Rupert's  horse,  he  records.  These^re- 
locks  must  have  been  the  earliest  flints  in  use,  after- 
wards adopted  in  the  wars  of  King  William  IH. 
and  Queen  Anne.  Cotjrtois. 

Bows  AND  Arrows,  when  last  used  (3""^  S.  xi. 
67,  208.) — Agnes  Strickland  (Lives  of  the  Queens 
of  Ungland)  records  that  the  Scotch  Guards  of 
Queen  Anne,  formed  out  of  the  Royal  Scots  (the 
Earl  of  Orkney's  Regiment)  bore  bows  and  ar- 
rows, targets,  and  broadswords,  and  were  dressed 
in  a  picturesque  uniform  of  scarlet  trimmed  with 
silver  lace.    (  Vide  in  loco.)  Courtois. 

Hannah  Lightfoot  (3'^  S.  xi.  219.)— I  think 
that  Mr.  Thoms  has  a  little  overstrained  the  quo- 
tation at  p.  219.  The  King's  denial,  "  I  am  happy, 
&c.,"  does  not  refer  to  the  general  subject  of  his 
son's  connection  with  Mrs.  Robinson,  but  to  the 
particular  arising  therefrom  —  of  his  engaging 
Col.  Hallam  to  purchase  back  tlie  letters  in  ques- 
tion—paying hush-money  in  fact,  with  the  ob- 
ject of  preventing  a  publication  of  the  scandal,  and 
which  undignified  proceeding  he  repudiates  in  his 
own  2}erso>i.  A.  H. 

Will  you  let  rue  have  my  say  about  Hannah 
Lightfoot  ?  and  you  may  say  what  it  is  worth. 
Some  years  ago  I  went  to  visit  a  physician  of  the 
name  of  Potts,  who  lived  at  Blackheath,  in  a 
house  called  Vanbrugh  Castle,  and  he  told  me  it 
was  built  by  Sir  John  Vanbrugh,  the  architect, 
for  himself,  and  that  George  lll.'s  beautiful 
Quakeress,  Hannah  Lightfoot,  lived  in  it  many 
years.  C.  H. 

Christmas  Box  (3'-^  S.  xi.  65, 164.)— The  deriva- 
tion from  the  Arabic  bachshish  is  quite  absurd.  I 
doubt  if  the  latter  word  was  known  in  England  till 
the  present  century,  while  the  Christmas-box  goes 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  March  23,  "6 


back  at  least  to  tlie  seventeentli ;  for  that  it  was 
■well  Imown  in  the  beginning  of  the  last  century 
appears  from  the  following  stanza  of  the  ballad  of 
"  iSallv  in  our  Alley,"  which  Addison  admired, 
and  which  I  have  often  heard  Incledon  sing  so 
delightfully :  — 

"  When  Christmas  comes  about  again. 
Oh  !  then  I  shall  have  money  ; 
I"]l  hoard  it  up,  and  box  and  all, 
I"!!  give  it  to  my  honey." 

I  know  not  if  it  ba  so  now,  but  in  the  early 
part  of  this  century  the  Christmas-box,  of  various 
sizes,  was  a  regular  article  of  sale  in  the  Dublin 
toyshops.  It  was  a  round,  turned  box  of  a  reddish 
colour,  with  a  close-fitting  top,  and  on  Christmas 
Day  each  child  in  a  family  used  to  appear  with 
one,  and  cry  to  father,  mother,  friends,  and  rela- 
tions, "My  Christmas-box  on  you !  ''  I  suppose, 
however,  in  this  age  of  change,  this,  like  other 
good  old  customs,  has  gone  out  of  use.  K. 

Surely  it  is  unnecessary  to  go  so  far  off  as  to 
Egypt  and  Syria,  and  employ  the  "  Crusaders  "  to 
bring  home  baksheesh  to  be  crushed  up  in  English 
mouths  into  "box"!  A  Christmas-box  was  a 
hondjide  box,  et  prcetcrea  niliU.  Here  is  the  proof 
of  it.  Old  John  Aubrey,  the  Wiltshire  antiquary, 
•w-riting  about  a.d.  1650,  describes  a  find  of  Ro- 
man coins :  — 

"  Among  the  rest  was  an  earthen  pott  of  the  colour  of 
a  crucible,  and  of  the  shape  of  a  Prentice's  Christmas 
Box,  Avith  a  slit  ia  it,  containing  about  a  quart,  which 
was  near  full  of  money.  This  pot  I  gave  to  the  Re- 
pository of  the  Eoyal  Society  at  Gresham  College." — 
(  Wiltihire  Collections,  Aubrey  &  Jackson,  4to,  p.  45.) 

In   the   Preface   of  the  same  volume  (p.  5)  he 
says :    "  It  resembled   an  Apprentice's    eaHhen 
Christmas     boxe."       These    apprentices,    waits,  j 
singers,   and  other  suitors   at   merry   Christmas,  | 
probably  went  about  in  parties,  slipped  the  dona-  j 
tions  through  the  slit  of  the  bos,  and  then  divided 
the  spoil.     In  Aubrey's  original  MS.  at  Oxford  is  | 
a  rude  drawing  of  the  Roman  vessel.  J.     i 

I 

HraxoLOGT  (3'd  S.  xi.  2-5, 184.)— Dk.  Rix  makes 
a  further  reference  to  Mrs.  Alice  Flowerdew  as 
author  of  the  Harvest  Hymn,  which  had  been 
erroneously  ascribed  to  her'daughter  Anne,  Will 
Dr.  Rix,  who  states  that  he  is  acquainted  with 
Mi-s.  Flowerdew's  grandson,  obligingly  inform 
Lymnologists  as  to  the  lady's  maiden  name,  birth- 
place, husband's  name,  and  the  date  and  place  of 
her  death  ?  also,  as  to  the  name  of  her  daugh-  j 
ter's  husband  ?  As  a  devoted  student  of  hymnody,  j 
I  should  be  individually  grateful  for  such  par- 
ticulars of  information. 

Chaeles  Rogers,  LL.D. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

Thoaias,  Lord  Cromwell,  a  Singer  and 
Comedia:!  (3^1  S.  xi.  187.)— K  K.  P.  D.  E.  only 


wishes  to  know  the  chief  points  of  the  Boston 
pardons,  he  may  see  them  by  referring  to  Foxe, 
who  says,  "The  copy  of  which  pardons  (which  I 
have  in  my  hands)  comes  to  this  efiect,"  and  then 
proceeds  to  describe  them.  {^Acis  and  Monuments, 
Book  Tin.,  "  The  History  concernins-  the  Life, 
&c.  of  Thomas  Cromwell.")  "  H.  P.  D. 

Ballad  Queries  (Z'^  S.  xi.  185.)— I  do  not 
know  the  age  of  "  The  Dead  Men  of  Pesth."  I 
read  it  in  The  Legends  of  Terror,  a  book  which 
was  published  in  weekly  7i  umbers  about  forty 
years  ago.  A  traveller  arriving  at  Pesth  finds  it 
desolate,  but  comes  upon  "  a  sad  old  man,"  who 
tells  him  of  the  tailor  Vulvius  and  the  vampires, 
and  warns  him  away.  The  following  two  stanzas 
will  enable  Mr.  Jacksox  to  see  whether  it  has 
been  modernised,  or  is  the  version  which  he 
wants :  — 

"  We  came  together  to  the  market-cross. 

And  the  wight,  woe-begone,  said  not  a  word  ; 
Xo  living  thing  along  our  wa}'  did  pass. 

Though  doleful  groans  in  every  house  I  heard, 
"  Save  one  poor  dog  that  walked  athwart  a  court. 
Fearfully  howling  with  most  piteous  wail. 
The  sad  man  whistled  in  a  dismal  sort ; 

The  poor  thing  slunk  away  and  hid  his  tail." 

Quoting  from  memory,  I  do  not  vouch  for  the 
strict  verbal  accuracy  of  the  above ;  but  if  not 
quite  correct,  it  is  nearly  so.  Fitzhopkixs. 

Historical  Qfert  {?S'^  S.  xi.  175.) — The  de- 
scent of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  was  from  Thomas, 
Earl  of  Norfolk,  son  of  Edward  I.,  by  his  second 
marriage  with  Margaret  of  France.  That  of  the 
Earl  of  Huntingdon  from  George,  Duke  of  Cla- 
rence, brother  of  Edward  r\^.,  and  therefore  from 
Lionel,  Duke  of  Clarence,  son  of  Edward  III. 
And  that  of  the  Earl  of  Hertford,  from  Thomas, 
Duke  of  Gloucester,  son  of  Edward  III.  These 
noblemen  were  descended  from  the  Plantagenets 
through  females  (the  links  may  be  seen  in  CoUins's 
or  any  other  genealogical  Peerage),  but  the  failure 
of  a  male  heir  to  that  house,  as  well  as  to  the  house 
of  Tudor,  and  the  unsettled  state  of  the  law  of 
succession  at  the  period  of  Elizabeth's  death,  gave 
to  each  of  tliem  a  colourable  pretence  of  right  to 
the  throne.  H.  P.  D. 

Goldsmith's  Degree  at  Padua  (3'''^  S.  xi, 
175.) — Mr.  John  Forster,  who  is,  I  suppose,  the 
highest  authority  on  all  matters  connected  with 
Goldsmith,  says,  in  his  biogranhy  of  the  poet 
(4th  ed.  1883,  p.  46)  :  — 

"  At  Padua  he  is  supposed  to  have  stayed  some  six 
months ;  and  here,  it  has  been  asserted,  though  in  this 
case  also  the  official  records  are  lost,  he  received  his 
degree.  Here,  or  at  Louvain,  or  at  some  other  of  these 
foreign  universities  where  he  always  boasted  himself  hero 
in  tile  di:^putations  to  which  his  philosophic  vagabond 
refers,  there  can  hardly  be  a  question  that  the  degree,  a 


3rd  S.  XI.  March  23,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


247 


very  simple  and  accessible  matter  at  aii}-  of  tliem,  was 
actiially  conferred." 

Wasliington  Irving,  in  liis  Biography  of  Gold- 
smith, saysj  "At  Padua,  where  lie  remained  some 
montliS;  he  is  said  to  have  taken  his  medical  de- 
gree." The  matter  seems  therefore  enveloped  in 
uncertainty,  and  as  two  such  eminent  writers  as 
Mr.  Forster  and  Washington  Irving  have  not  been 
able  to  arrive  at  the  real  truth,  I  fear  that  Mr. 
J.  H.  Dixon  will  not  find  anyone  else  to  solve 
the  mystery.  Jonathait  Botjchier. 

Whittle  (3'-'>  S.  v.  435;  x.  320,  400.)  — 
"  Whittle-gate  is  to  have  two  or  three  -".veeks'  victuals  at 
each  house,  according  to  the  ability  of  the  inhabitants, 
whicli  was  settled  amongst  them,  so' as  that  he  should  go 
his  course  as  regular  as  the  sun,  and  compleat  it  as  au- 
nualh'.     Few  houses  having  more  knives  than  one  or 

two,  the  pastor  was  often  obliged  to  buy  his  own 

and  march  from  house  to  house  with  his  whittle,  seeking 
fresh  pasturage ;  ....  A  person  was  thought  a  proud 
fellow  in  those  days  that  was  not  content  without  a  fork 
to  his  knife ;  he  was  reproved  for  it,  and  told  that  fingers 
were  made  before  forks." — Clarke's  Survey  of  the  Lahes, 
London,  1789,  p.  132. 

"  To  ichittle,  or  cvt  with  a  whittle,  Cultello  resccare."  — 
Ainsworth's  Dictionary. 

Thomas  StewaedsoN;  Jun. 

Philadelphia. 

Psalm  Tttnes  (S'^  S.  xi.  126.)  — I  have  alv,'ays 
heard  that  "  common  metre  "  meant  those  psalms 
in  which  lines  of  eight  and  six  syllables  alternated ; 
that  "  long  metre  "  were  thqse  of  eight  syllables, 
each  rhyming  sometimes  consecutively  and  some- 
times alternately;  while  "proper  metre  "  applied 
to  those  which  deviated  from  these  rules,  as  the 
Old  104th,  the  New  136th,  148th,  &c.,  and  had 
special  or  "proper"  tunes  written  for  them.  The 
names  of  places  assigned  to  them,  as  Wareham, 
Burford,  Abridge,  St.  David's,  &c.,  are  traditionally 
said  to  have  been  composed  hj  the  organists  of 
those  places.  That  called  "Hackney  "is  known 
to  have  been  composed  by  Groombridge,  who  was 
organist  there.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Hymeneal  (3''">  S.  xi.  175.) — The  lines  quoted 
by  your  correspondent  Me.  Wm.  Henderson  — 

"  A  knife,  dear  girl,  cuts  love,  they  say  : 
Mere  modish  love  perhaps  it  may ; 
For  any  tool  of  any  kind 
Can  separate  what  was  never  joined  " — 

are  the  first  of  a  little  poem  by  the  Eev,  Samuel 
Bishop_(born  1731,  died  1795),  entitled  "To  his 
wife  with  a  knife  on  the  fourteenth  anniversary 
of  her  wedding-day,  which  happened  to  be  her 
birthday  and  New  Year's  Day."  The  Ptev.  S. 
Bishop  was  for  some  time  master  of  Merchant  Tay- 
lors' School,  and  afterwards  rector  of  Dittou,Kent. 
I  have  never  seen  a  copy  of  his  works,  but  in 


Chambers'  Cydopcedia  of  Enylish  Literature  he  is 
stated  to  have  written  several  miscellaneous  essays 
and  poems.  His  best  poetrj'-  seems  to  have  been 
devoted  to  the  praise  of  his  wife.  Chambers 
quotes  some  verses  addressed  by  the  lover-hus- 
band to  his  Molly,  on  presenting  her  with  a  ring. 
A  comparison  between  Wordsworth  and  Bishop 
will,  I  fear,  seem  as  ludicrous  as  one  which  I 
lately  saw  drawn  between  Milton  and  Dr.  John- 
son ;  but  in  reading  the  latter  poem  one  cannot 
help  thinking  of  the  exquisite  "Phantom  of 
Delight "  of  our  great  meditative  poet.  If  Me. 
Henderson  cannot  easily  obtain  a  copy  of  Bishop's 
works,  he  will  find  the  particular  poem  he  is  in 
search  of  in  Mr.  Frederick  Locker's  interesting 
collection  of  vers  de  societe,  entitled  Lyra  Eleyan- 
tiarum,  Moxon,  1867.  _      tt'ej-.^^V^i-M^ .  e'^i^.fi.762  .§'Cf6, 

In  the  Dictionary  of  Universal  Biography,  edited 
by  John  Francis  Waller,  Esq.,  and  published  by 
Mackenzie  of  London  and  Glasgow,  it  is  stated  that 
Bishop  is  the  reputed  author  of  High  Life  Beloiu 
Stairs,  but  I  believe  this  "  ever-charming,  ever- 
new  "  farce  was  written  by  the  Rey.  —  Townley. 
The  latter  was  also  a  master  of  Merchant  Taylors', 
which  circumstance  has  perhaps  misled  the  com- 
pilers of  the  biographical  dictionary. 

Jonathan  Bouchiee. 

5,  Selwood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 

[The  Eev.  James  Townley,  Master  of  the  Merchant 
Taylors'  School,  was  the  author  of  this  farce.  Vide 
"  X.  &  Q.,"  2°d  S.  ix.  142,  273  ;  xi.  191.— Ed.] 


iKts'C£llaucau5. 
NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

The  Story  of  the  Diamond  NecMace  told  in  detail  for  the 
frst  time,  chiefly  by  the  aid  of  Original  Letters,  Official 
and  other  Documents  and  Contemporary  Memoirs  re- 
cently made  public;  and  comprising  a  Sketch  of  the  Life 
of  the  Countess  De  La  Motte,  Pretended  Confidant  \f 
Marie  Antoinette,  and  particulars  of  the  Career  of  the 
other  Actors  in  this  remarkable  Drama,  By  Henry 
Yizetelly.     Li  Two  Volumes.     (Tinsley.) 

If,  when  Byron  penned  in  Don  Juan  the  passage  (so 
frequently  quoted  erroneously)  — 
"  'Tis  strange — but  true  ;  for  Truth  is  always  strange  ; 

Stranger  than  Fiction"  — 
he  had  in  his  mind  any  one  particular  incident,  it  must 
surely  have  been  what  has  been  pronounced  "  the  greatest 
lie  of  the  eighteenth  century  " — the  Story  of  tte  Diamond 
Necklace,  which  forms  the  subject  of  Mr.  Vizetelly's  ex- 
tremely interesting  volumes.  Had  the  most  daring  of 
our  sensational  novelists  put  forth  the  present  plain,  un- 
varnished statement  of  facts  as  a  work  of  fiction,  it  would 
have  been  denounced  as  so  violating  all  probabilities  as 
to  be  a  positive  insult  to  the  common  sense  of  the  reader. 
Yet  strange,  startling,  incomprehensible  as  is  the  nar- 
rative which  the  author  has  here  evolved  from  the  mass 
of  documents,  published  and  unpublished,  original  letters, 
memoirs,  and  pieces  justificatives,  e\ery  word  of  it  is  true. 


248 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  UlAECH  23,  67. 


Clearly  and  distinctly  does  Jlr.  Vizetelly  here  bring  be- 
fore us  the  chequered  life  of  the  abandoned,  unscrupulous 
womau  who  made  Cardinal  Rohan  her  dupe,  and  Marie 
Antoinette  her  victim.  Clearly  and  distinctly  does  he 
trace  her  progress  from  the  barefooted  child,  craving 
alms  "  as  the  descendant  of  the  Valois,"  to  the  bold  in- 
triguante, who  entangled  in  her  toils  the  dissolute  and 
infatuated  Grand  Almoner,  and  made  him  her  uncon- 
scious accomplice  in  robbing  the  court  jewellers  of  the 
•world-renowned  Xecklace.  Clearly  and  distinctly  [does 
he  trace  her  in  the  Bastile — before  her  judges,  whom  she 
alternately  tried  to  bully  and  cajole ;  browbeating  the  un- 
happy Cardinal,  scourged  and  branded  by  the  execu- 
tioner ;  and  last  scene  of  all,  lying  mangled  and  crushed 
in  the  backyard  of  a  small  house  in  Lambeth,  where  she 
had  fallen  in  her  endeavour  to  escape  from  arrest  for 
debt.  Every  body  knows  more  or  less  of  the  Storj'  of 
the  Diamond  Xecklace.  But  that  story,  and  the  story 
of  all  the  actors  in  that  stupendous  fraud,  has  never  been 
told  so  plainly  and  so  satisfactorily  as  by  Mr.  Vizetelly, 
whose  work,  we  are  sure,  will  not' be  read  with  the  less 
interest  that  it  successfally  vindicates  from  all  share  in 
the  transaction  the  most  cruelly-slandered  of  women, 
Marie  Antoinette. 

Haitd-Book  of  the  Popular,  Poetical,  and  Dramatic  Litera- 
ture of  Great  Britain,  from  the  Invention  of  Printing  to 
the  Restoration.  By  W.  Carew  Hazlitt.  Part  I. 
(Russell  Smith.) 

We  have  here  the  first  Part  of  that  new,  and  we  may 
add  important  work,  on  our  early  Popular,  Poetical,  and 
Dramatic  Literature,  which  Mr.  Hazlitt  announced  in 
these  columns  as  long  since  as  January,  1866,  as  one 
upon  which  he  had  been  engaged  for  several  years.  We 
have  called  the  book  important,  and  so  it  is  ;  that  it  is 
perfect,  Mr.  Hazlitt  does  not  profess;  that  future  re- 
searches may  prove  it  to  be  in  some  cases  imperfect, 
follows  from  its  very  nature.  But  unless  Mr.  Hazlitt  has 
neglected  to  avail  himself  of  the  facilities  which  have 
been  afforded  to  him,  and  of  the  assistance  which  he 
gratefully  acknowledges  to  have  received  from  many  of 
our  best  scholars,  the  Handbook  to  the  Popular,  Poetical, 
and  Dramatic  Literature  of  Great  Britain  ought  to  be, 
and  we  trust  will  be  found,  the  most  useful  contribution 
to  that  branch  of  our  Xatioual  Literature  which  has  j-et 
appeared.  There  is  one  arrangement  in  the  present 
book  which  will  be  found  very  useful,  namely,  that  which 
specifies  the  library  in  which  any  unique  or  very  rare 
volume  is  preserved. 

The  Auch.5:ological  Societt  of  Rome. — Under 
this  title  a  Society  has  been  established  for  the  promotion 
of  the  Study  of  the  Roman  Antiquities  and  Mediaeval 
Monuments  of  the  Eternal  City.  The  Societv,  which  is 
under  the  Presidentship  of  Lord  Talbot  de  Makhide,  with 
Mr.  J.  H.  Parker  for  one  of  its  Vice-Presidents,  proposes, 
that  whatever  antiquarian  discoveries  may  be  made  by 
the  Society  should  be  photographed  and  communicated 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London  for  publication; 
also,  that  whatever  objects  of  antique  art  be  discovered 
should  be  pi-esented  to  the  Vatican  Museum. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED   TO   PTJKCHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  followinsr  Books,  to  be  Bent  direct 
to  tlie  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  reciuired,  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 

Memoirs  of  J.  T.  Serres,  Marine  Painter  to  His  Majbstt.    8vo, 
1826. 

Gaillardbt,  %I£moikes  d<7  Chevai.ieb  o'Eon.    2  tomes.    8to.   Paris. 


Adthentic  Proofs  of  the  Leoitimact  of   H.R.H.  Olive  Princess  of 

COMBERLAND.      8V0.       No  datC. 

The  Who.vcs   of   H.R  H.  the   Princess   of  Cumderland.    8vo,  1833. 
And  any  other  Pamphlets  by  her. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns.  Esq..  40,  St.  George's  Sauare, 
BelgraveRoad,S.W. 

Logan's  Sermons.    2  Vols. 

I'eter's  Letters  to  his  Kinsfolk,  by  J.  G.  Lockhart.    Original  edi- 
tion in  3  vols,  with  illustrations. 
Wanted  by  Rev.  John  Pickford,  if. A.,  Horsraonden,  Staplehurst,  Kent. 


J.  Dalton.  Most  Biographical  Dictionaries  and  Cj/clopmdias  cen- 
I  tain  ■notices  of  3Iiss  Elizabeth  Elstob.  Consult  also  Kippis's  Biographia 
Britannica ;  TindaVs  History  of  Evesham  ;  Nichols's  Literary  Anec- 
dotes, and  "N.  &  Q."  1st  S.  ix.and  x. 

S.  S.    The  statement  is  made  in  the  Penny  Cyclopsedia,  art.  "  Potato." 

C.  F.  FiscHART.  Tommy  is  a  provincialism  for  provisions ;  and  a 
Tommy-shop  is  a  place  lohere  wages  are  generally  paid  to  mechanics, 
who  are  expected  to  take  out  a  portion  of  the  nioneu  in  goods. 

Safa.  Dean  Nowell  composed  the  Church  Catechism  as  far  as  the 
article  on  the  Sacraments ;  the  remainder  was  drawn  up  bu  Bishop 
Overall.    Consult  •'  N.  &  Q."  1st  S.  vii.  64,  190,  463,  5?7  ;  2nd  S.  iii.  3i;6. 

Answers  to  other  Correspondents  in  our  next. 

Erhatom — 3rd  S.  xi.  p.  220,  col.  ii.  line  43,  after  "both  as"  insert 

to. 

"Notes  &  Queries"  is  registered  foritransmission  abroad. 


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The  Agua  Amarella  has  none  of  the  properties  of  dyes  ;  it,  on  the  con-, 
trary,  is  beneficial  to  the  system,  and,  when  the  hair  is  once  restored, 
one  application  per  month  will  keep  it  in  perfect  colour.  Price  one 
guiiea  per  bottle  ;  half  bottles,  10s.  6rf.  Testimonials  from  artistes  of 
the  highest  order,  and  from  individuals  of  undoubted  respectability, 
may  be  inspected.  Messrs.  John  Gosnell  and  Co.  have  been  appointed 
perfumers  to  H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales. 

SALOM'S  NEW  OPERA  and  FIELD  GLASS, 
and  THE  RECONNOITERER  GLASS,  price  10s.  ICd.,  sent  free  ! 
The  best  landscape  Glass  in  the  world  1  The  Mabqois  of  Carmar- 
then :  ■'  The  Reconnoiterer  is  very  good."_EARL  of  Bbeadalbane  : 
"  I  find  it  all  you  say,  wonderfully  powerful  for  so  very  small  a  glass." 
—  Earl  of  Caithness  :  "  It  is  a  be  lutiful  glass. "_Rev.  Lord  Scabs- 
dale"  Approves  of  it."— Lord  GiFFORo.of  Ampney  :  "Most  useful." — 
Lord  Garvagh  :  "  Remarkably  good."— Lord  Clermont  :  "  It  is  sur- 
prisingly good  for  its  price."— Sir  Digbt  Caylet.  of  Brompton  :  "  It 
gives  me  complete  satisfaction,  and  is  wonderfully  good."  —  Major 
Starkev,  of  Wrenbury  :  "  Quite  as  powerful  as  that  for  which  I  gave 
bl.  5s."— Capt.  Sendet,  Royal  Small  Arms  Factory.  Enfield  Lock  :  "  I 
have  found  it  effective  at  1,000-yardsraige."— F.  H.  FAWKEs,of  Farnley 
Hall,  Esq. :  "  I  never  before  met  an  article  that  so  completely  answered 
the  recommendation  of  its  maker,  nor,  although  I  have  tried  many,  a 
Glass  combining  so  much  power  for  its  size  with  so  much  clearness."— 
The  Field : "  We  have  carefully  tried  it  at  an  80n-yard  rifle  range  against 
all  the  glasses  possessed  by  the  members  of  the  Corps,  and  found  it  fully 
equal  to  any  of  those  present,  although  they  have  cost  more  than  four 
times  its  price."— ifotes  and  Queries:  "  What  intending  tourist  will  now 
start  without  such  an  indispensable  companion  to  a  pleasure  trip  ?  " 
CAUTION.  —  The  great  success  of  this  instrument  has  given  rise  to 
several  vile  and  worthless  imitations — The  celebrated  "HYTHE" 
GLASS  shows  bullet-marks  at  1,200  yar'is,  and  men  at  3J  miles,  price 
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marks.  "  Salom,"  "  Reconnoiterer,"  and  "  Hythe."  are  only  to  be  1     ' 


Established  1829. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

FOR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC, 

"■Wlieii  fonnd,  make  a  note  of."  —  Captain  Cottle. 


No.  274. 


Saturday,  March  30,  1867. 


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COXTENTS  :_ 

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249 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  30,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— No  274. 

NOTES :  — St.  AMhelm  :  the  Double  Acrostic,  249  — Sliak- 
speariana:  "King  John"  — "The  Tempest "  —  "Juhus 
Csesar"  —  "Young  Bones"  —  "Twelfth  Night,"  251  — 
Autographs  in  Boolts,  252  —A  Paper  of  the  Olden  Time, 
JS.  — The  Oldest  Volunteer  — "Turning  the  Tables"  — 
Needle's  Eye  —  Townley  Visiting  Card  — Bulse  — Old  In- 
ventions supposed  to  be  Moderu  —  Anonymous :  George 
Smith,  253. 

QUERIES:  — Attone  or  Atone  — Bayeux  Tapestry  —  Cata- 
logues —  Cement  for  Organ  and  Pianoforte  Keys  —  Ciss  or 
Siss  —  Esther  —  Heraldic  Artist  —  Hocbed  —  Icelandic 
Literature  —  Indian  Bird  "  Hola-luca-esta  "  —  Andrea  di 
Jorio  —  Latin  Quotations  —  Old  Clock  —  Sir  Nathaniel 
Rich— Spelraan's  Neep  — Stone  in  Keystone  —  Sundry 
Queries  —  Thomson's  "  Liberty  "  — Two-faced  or  Double 
Pictures  —  "  Earl  Waldegrave's  Memoirs,  from  1751  to 
1758  "  —  Rev.  W.  Walker,  M.A.,  255. 

Queries  with  Answers:— Bishops  of  Westminster  and 
Dover— Littlebury,  co.  Essex— Richard  I.— Keys  :   Taxiaxi 

—  Princess  Amelia  —  Gordon  Family  and  Clan  — Joseph 
Ashby  Fillinham,  25S. 

REPLIES :  —  Lord  Dreghorn,  261  —  Punning  Mottoes,  262 

—  Tacaraahac,  76.  —  Scotch  Records,  263  —  Early  English 
Text  Society— The  Jews— Pinkerton  Correspondence:  the 
Two  Robertsons  —  Catholic  Periodicals  —  St.  Barbe  — 
Woodward's  "  Eccentric  Excursions  "  — "  MMa,  Ljelia"  — 
Dante  Query  —  Sir  Richard  Phillips  :  "  A  M  iilion  of  Facts  " 
—Quotation  wanted  —  Salmagundi  —  Translations  and  Ta- 
pestry —  Peers' Residences  in  1689  — Family  of  D'Abrich- 
court  —  Quaker's  Confession  of  Faith—  Dr.  Cyril  Jackson 

—  Flintoft's  Chant  —  Whey,  a  Cure  for  Rheumatism  — 
"  Do  as  I  say,  and  not  as  I  do,"  264. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 

ST.  ALDHELM:    THE    DOUBLE   ACROSTIC. 

When  and  by  whom  was  the  double  acrostic 
invented  ? 

This  question  has  been  before  the  readers  of 
"N.  &  y."  since  June  24,  1865,  and  elicited  a 
reply  from  Ctjthbeet  Bede  (3''''  S.  x.  483),  in 
which  he  states,  "I  think  I  can  say  pretty  nearly 
'  when  '  it  was  invented  and  through  whose  me- 
dium it  was  first  introduced  to  the  public."  He 
then  proceeds  to  appropriate  the  merit :  ''  It 
was  in  the  summer  of  1856  that  I  first  saw  a 
specimen  of  the  double  acrostics  in  an  article  for 
the  Christmas  Number  of  the  Illustrated  London 
Neios,  which  spoke  of  them  as  "novel  and  ingenious 
riddles."  M.  T.  (3'-<«  S.  xi.  203)  says :  "  I  venture 
to  say  I  saw  some  double  acrostics  handed  about 
in  manuscript  in  June  1854,  and  that  others  ap- 
peared in  print  in  the  Magazine  for  the  Younr/ 
(Mozley's)  for  December  in  that  year^  or  for 
January  in  the  following  year,  &c.  ...  I  have 
heard  the  invention  of  the  double  acrostic  ascribed 
to  the  present  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  Mr. 
Disraeli." 

These  gentlemen,  I  venture  to  say,  will  be 
somewhat  surprised  at  the  antiquity  and  respect- 
able parentage  which  I  vindicate  for  this  species 
of  (stiif/mata. 

Englishmen  acquainted  with  their  illustrious 
countryman  Aldhelm,  know  that  he  lived  in  the 


latter  half  of  the  seventh  century;  that  he  ac- 
quired a  knowledge  of  the  classical  languages 
under  Mail-dulf,  an  Irishman,  who  was  "  a  phi- 
losopher by  erudition,  and  a  monk  by  profession  " 
C  William  of  Malmesbury,"  Gesta  Rcfi ion  Anglo- 
rum,  Hardy's  ed.  vol.  i.  p.  42 ;  Bede,  lib.  v.  c.  18), 
and  the  founder  of  a  monastery,  the  nucleus  of 
the  present  town  of  Malmesbury,  a  softened  sound 
of  Mails-bury.  Under  this  tutor  he  became 
thoroughly  versed  in  Greek  and  Latin.  (Bede, 
William  of  Malmesbury,  and  Turner's  England, 
vol.  iii.  p.  400.)  Over  the  school  the  Irish  mis- 
sionary had  founded  Aldhelm  subsequently  pre- 
sided, and  drew  thither  numbers  from  beyond  the 
Tweed  by  the  reputation  he  had  acquired.  He  is 
placed  by  Alfred  at  the  head  of  the  vernacular 
poets  of  his  country.  This  king  notices  one  of  his 
poems  as  being  universally  sung  in  his  time,  and 
in  the  twelfth  century  his  poetry  was  very  popular. 
His  Irish  contemporaries  and  their  predecessors 
had  even  in  those  early  ages  introduced  the 
assonances  or  rhymes  which  are  now  so  generally 
used  by  poets,  and  had  given  to  the  Church  many 
hymns  to  enrich  the  liturgies  and  breviaries. 

In  the  library  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  is  a 
beautiful  manuscript,  £e<vbbA|t  ^rpu^uT)  — The 
Book  of  Hymns  of  the  Ancient  Church  of  Ire- 
land, the  first  fascicidus  of  which  has  been  pub- 
lished, edited  by  Dr.  J.  H.  Todd,  Senior  Fellow 
of  Trinity  College.  The  first  and  second  hymns 
are  in  praise  of  the  two  most  revered  and  honoured 
of  the  Irish  saints  —  Patrick  and  Brigid.  They 
are  both  in  alphabetical  order  —  more  Hehrce- 
orum :  — 

"  We  are  distinctly  told,"  saj'S  its  trustworthy  editor, 
"  that  the  (first)  hymn  was  written  by  St.  Sechnall,  the 
son  of  Patrick's  sister,  on  the  occasion  of  his  reconcilia- 
tion with  St.  Patrick  after  a  temporary  misunderstanding. 
The  author  died  at  the  year  448." 

This  hymn  has  been,  and  is  still,  held  in  great 
veneration  in  Ireland ;  and  the  peasantry  firmly 
believe  that  every  one  who  sings  the  three  con- 
cluding verses  of  it,  lying  down  and  rising  up, 
shall  go  to  heaven.  The  second  hymn  occurs  at 
the  end  of  the  Life  of  St.  Brigid,  first  published 
by  Colgan,  and  attributed  by  him  to  St.  Ultan, 
who  died  a.d.  656;  and  the  indulgence  which 
had  been  granted  to  the  repetition  of  the  three 
verses  of  the  hymn  of  St.  Patrick  was  ultimately 
conceded  to  those  who  repeated  the  corresponding 
three  verses  of  St.  Brigid's.  St.  Augustine  and 
other  early  Christians  have  left  similar  per- 
formances, all  designed  to  instruct  and  edify. 

Some  of  Aldhelm's  productions  have  come  down 
to  us.  They  are  in  prose  and  verse.  He  was  the 
first  Englishman  who  cultivated  Latin  poetry,  and 
he  composed  a  book  for  the  instruction  of  his 
countrymen  in  the  prosody  of  the  language.  It  is 
remarked  that  his  versification  is  excessively  arti- 
ficial— a  peculiarity  which  he  could  scarcely  es- 


250 


:N"0TE  S  and  QUERIE S.  Vo^'^  s.  xi.  MARcn  30.  '6^ 


cape,  educated  as  he  was  by  a  native  of  Ireland, 
the  poetry  of  which  is  remarkably  so,  as  any 
scholar  may  convince  himself  who  takes  the 
trouble  to  read  the  sections  on  prosody  in  Mol- 
loy's,  O'Donovan's,  and  Bourke's  Irish  Gram- 
mars, or  the  hymns  above  noticed. 

The  poetical  works  which  remain  of  Aldhelm 
will  be  found  in  Bib.  Mag.  torn.  viii.  p.  708- 
716,  and  in  Maii  Classici  Audores  e  Vat.  Cocld. 
ed.  torn.  V.  These  are  entitled  "  De  Laude  Vir- 
ginum,"  "  De  Octo  Principalibus  Vitiis,"  and 
'*  .Enigmata."  Aldhelm's  preface  to  the  first-men- 
tioned of  these  is  an  acrostic  address  to  the  Abbess 
3Iaxima,  in  hexameter  verse.  It  consists  of 
thirty-eight  lines  so  artificially  wiitten  that  each 
line  begins  and  ends  with  the  successive  letters  of 
the  words  of  the  first  line ;  and  thus  the  first  and 
last  lines  consist  of  the  same  words,  and  they  are 
also  formed  by  the  initial  and  final  letters.  In 
the  last  line  the  words  occur  backwards.  The 
final  letters  are  read  upwards.  This  arrangement, 
it  will  be  perceived,  is  far  more  complex  than 
that  of  those  ingenious  triflers  who  amuse  them- 
selves and  some  frivolous  readers  with  the  modem 
double  acrostic.  This  acrostic  Aldhelm  names 
*^  Quadratum  Carmen,"  a  square  verse :  — 

31   ETRICA  TiRONES  NUNC  PROMAXT   CaRMINA  CASTO    S 

O 

T 
S 
A 
C 
A 
N 
I 
M 
R 
A 
C 
T 
N 
A 
M 
0 
R 
P 
C 
N 
U 
N 
S 
E 
N 
O 
R 
I 
T 
A 
C 
I 
R 
T 
E 


E  t  laudem  capiat  quadrato  carmine  virg 

T  rinus  in  arce  Deus,  qui  poteus  sec'la  creavi 

R  egnator  mundi,  regnans  in  sedibus  alti 

I   ndigno  conferre  mihi  dignetur  in  athr 

C  um  Sanctis  requiem,  quos  laudo  versibus  isti 

A  rbiter  altithronus  qui  servat  sceptra  supern 

T  radidit  his  cceli  per  ludum  scandere  lime 

I   nter  sanctorum  cuneos  qui  laude  perenn 

R  ite  glorificant  moderantem  regna  tonante 

O  mnitenens  Dominus,  mundi  formator  et  aucto 

N  obis  pauperibus  confer  sufFragia  cert 

E  t  ne  concedas  trudendos  hostibus  istin 

S  ed  magis  exiguos  defendens  dextera  tanga 

N  e  prredo  pellax  coslorum  claudere  lime 

V  el  sanctos  valeat  noxarum  fallere  seen 

X  e  fur  strophosus  foveam  detrudat  in  atra 

C  onditor  a  summo  quos  Christus  servat  Olj-mp 

P  astor  ovile  tuens  ne  possit  tabula  rapto 

R  egales  vastans  caulas  bis  dicere  pup  pu 

0  mnia  sed  custos  defendat  ovilia  jam  nun 
ZM  axima  prrecipuum  quiB  gestat  numine  nome 
A  ddere  praisidium  mater  dignare  precat 
N  am  tu  perpetuum  promisisti  lumine  lume 
T  itan  quern  clamant  sacro  spiramine  vate 
C  ujus  per  mundum  jubar  alto  splendet  ab  ex 
A  tque  polos  pariter  replet  vibramine  fulme 
R  ex  regum  et  priiiceps  populorum  dictus  ab  a3v 
M  agnus  de  magno,  de  rerum  regmine  recto 

1  Hum  nee  mare  nee  possunt  condere  coel 
X  ec  mare  navigerum  spumoso  gurgite  valla 
A  ut  zonae  mundi  quaj  stipant  athera  eels 
C  larorum  vitam  qui  castis  moribus  isti 
A  uxiliante  Deo  vernabant  flore  perenn 
S  anctis  aggrediar  studiis  dicere  paupe 
T  anta  tamen  digne  si  pauper  prremia  proda 
O  mnia  cum  nullus  verbis  explanat  apert 
S  OTSAC  Anuirac  Txamokp  cxun  Senorit  Acirte 


The  following  is,  as  will  be  in>tantly  perceived, 
a  triple  acrostic,  to  which  we  add  a  transla- 
tion, the  author  of  which  has  preserved  only  in 
part  the  conceit  of  the  original :  — 

I  nter  cuncta  micans  I  gnito  sidera  Co:l  I 

E  xpellit  tenebras  E  toto  Phcebus  ut  orb  Y. 

S  ic  cfficas  removet  Je  S  us  caliginis  umbra  S 

V  ivificans  simul  V  ero  pracordia  mot  U 

S  olem  justitite  se-  S  e  probat  esse  beati  S 

Translation. 
J  oy  beaming  Phcebus,  mid  the  orbs  on  high, 
E  xpels  the  shades  of  night,  and  gilds  the  sky  ; 
S  0  Jesus  bids  our  mental  gloom  retire, 
U  nites  and  clothes  us  with,his  heavenly  fire, 
S  hining  the  Sun  of  truth  to  all  the  blessed  choir. 

These  two  specimens  of  acrostics,  venerable  in 
their  origin,  religious  in  their  purport,  are  as  old 
as  the  seventh  centuiy.  An  existence  of  eleven 
hundred  years  will  suffice  to  show  that  CasseU 
cannot,  nor  Cuthbert  Bede,  nor  Disraeli,  nor 
any  of  their  coevals,  claim  the  patei-nity  of  this 
species  of  riddles.  Nor  was  Aldhelm  the  in- 
ventor :  Fortunatus  and  others  had  preceded  him, 
and  some  of  their  ornaments  are  mentioned  by 
Sidonius  in  the  fifth  century.  {Sid.  A]},  lib.  ix. 
ep.  14.)  Turner  tells  us  that  Aldhelm  was  not 
the  inventor  of  these  "  idle  fopperies  of  versifica- 
tion," that  others  had  preceded  him  in  this  "  taste- 
less path:  in  which,"  he  adds,  ''authors  endea- 
vour to  surprise  us,  not  by  the  genius  they  display, 
but  by  the  difficulties  which  they  overcome" 
(Mist,  of  England,  vol.  iii.  p.  364).  The  historian 
making  these  irreverent  and  injudicious  remarks 
must  have  forgotten,  if  he  ever  knew,  that  the 
learned  prelate  Dr.  Lowth  ranked  the  acrostical 
or  alphabetical  commencement  of  the  Hebrew 
lines,  or  stanzas,  as  the  first  of  the  four  principal 
characteristics  of  Hebrew  poetry.  The  acrostical 
and  the  enigmatic  psalms  were  so  contrived,  says 
Home,  "to  strike  the  imagination  forcibly,  and 
yet  easy  to  be  understood  "  (^Introduction  to  the  Old 
'Testament,  Ayre,  p.  699). 

In  the  poetical  works  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe  occur 
a  valentine  and  an  {enigma  of  an  ingenious  acros- 
tical construction.  The  first  letter  of  the  first  line 
is  taken  in  connection  with  the  second  letter  of 
the  second  line,  the  third  letter  of  the  third  line, 
the  fourth  of  the  fourth,  and  so  on  to  the  end, 
and  thus  the  names  of  the  persons  to  whom  they 
are  addressed  appear. 

CiJTHBERT  Bede  and  his  co-enigmatist  will,  I 
opine,  thank  me  for  this  information,  and  also  for 
directing  attention  to  a  higher  order  of  acrostics: 
and  it  may  do  some  good  to  remind  them  that  the 
Hebrew  psalmist  and  the  Christian  monks,  in 
speaking  to  the  praise  and  glory  of  the  Creator 
and  Redeemer,  escape  the  imputation  of  being 
"  ingenious  triflers." 

John  EtTGEJfE  O'Cavanagh. 

Lime  Cottage,  AValworth  Common. 


S'd  S.  XI,  March  30,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


SHAKSPEARIAXA. 
''KixG  John."  — 

"  Bastard.  And  to  thrill  and  shake 
Even  at  the  crj'ing  oi  your  nation's  crow, 
Thinking  his  voice  an  armed  Englishman." 

Act  V.  Sc.  2. 

This  passage  has  puzzled  many,  none  (so  far  as 
I  know)  having  seen  that  Shakspeare  here  ana- 
chronises,  and  makes  the  Bastard  speak  of  Richard 
and  John's  former  wars  in  France  in  terms  drawn 
from  the  chronicle  of  the  successes  of  the  Black 
Prince  and  his  father.  The  lines  previous  to 
those  above  quoted  may  well  stand  for  a  boastful 
account  (and  Faulconbridge,  being  in  difficulties, 
is  boastful)  of  the  dismay  of  the  French,  and  de- 
vastation of  their  country,  as  set  before  us  in  the 
historic  and  patriotic  play  of  Edward  the  Third; 
and  the  lines  themselves  refer  to  that  account  of 
the  winning  of  the  battle  of  Crecy,  which,  in  the 
the  same  play,  is  transferred  to  that  of  Poictiers. 
Those  birds  that  are  there  first  spoken  of  as 
"ravens"  that,  with  the  accompanying  darkness, 
"dismayed"  the  French  soldiery,  and  made  them 

"  let  fall  their  arms, 
And  stand  like  metamorphosed  images, 
Bloodless  and  pale,  still  gazing  on  another," 

are  spoken  of  thus  wise  a  few  lines  lower  down 
by  Artois  — 

"  The  amazed  French 
Are  quite  distract  with  gazing  on  the  croics ;  " 

and  the  Prince  also  says  — 

"  What  need  we  fight  and  sweat,  and  keep  a  coil, 
When  railing  crows  out-scold  our  adversaries  ?  " 

As  evidencing  also  in  some  degree  the  imme- 
diate source  of  the  allusions,  I  would  add  that 
"your  nation's  crow"  seems  to  have  been  sug- 
gested by  the  remembrance  of  the  French  king's 
words  about  a  dozen  lines  below  the  last  quota- 
tion, when,  with  reference  to  another  part  of  the 
prophecy,  he  says  — 

"Myself: 
What  with  recalling  of  the  prophecy. 
And  that  our  native  stones  from  English  arms 
Rebel  against  us,  find  myself  attainted 
•  With  strong  surprise  of  weak  and  vieldinc:  fear." 

'  ActiV.  Sc.  G. 
Nowhere  else  in  his  histories  does  Shalcspeare 
anachronise  after  this  fashion,  and  hence  I  believe 
that  he  here  appropriated  a  remarkable  incident 
on  which  he  had  formerly  written  and  dilated. 
Indeed,  from  this  and  other  reasons,  I  cannot  but 
believe  that  Edward  the  Third  v/as  one  of  those 
plays  which  at  an  early  period  of  his  life  were 
altered  by  him ;  and  in  relation  to  his  other  works, 
he  seems  to  have  considered  it  as  a  nursery  gar- 
den, whence  he  could  transplant  and  graft"  such 
seedlings  of  his  genius  as  first  appeared  there. 

Brtnsley  Nicholson-. 


"The  Tempest."  — 

"  Botes a  plague 

\^A  cry  within, — Enter  Sebastian,  Antonio,  cmd 
Gonzalo. 
(and  then  in  second  column  of  the  page) 

vpon  this  howling :  they  are  lowder  then  the  weather. 

It  has  been  generally  supposed,  I  believe,  that 
the  long  dash  has  been  misplaced,  and  is  intended 
as  a  mark  of  interruption.  But  it  is  never  so  used 
throughout  the  play,  and  its  intent  has,  I  think 
been  misunderstood. 

Sebastian  immediately  afterwards  replies,  "A 
pox  o'  your  throat,  you  bawling,  blasphemous,  in- 
charitable  dog."  Now  it  is  remarkable  that,  con- 
trary to  this  and  contrary  to  the  custom  of  boat- 
swains and  sailors,  our  boatswain  has  never  yet 
brought  out  a  single  curse   or  oath.      Hence  I 

believe  that,  as  elsewhere,  the  represents 

words  omitted  in  the  printing,  or  left  by  the 
author  to  the  gagging  of  the  actor ;  and  that  in 
our  present  instance  it  represents  oaths  or  curses, 
the  introduction  of  which,  according  to  the  statute, 
was  illegal. 

There  are  no  less  than  five  omissions  so  marked 
in  Middleton's  A  Chaste  Maid  in  Cheajiside,  and 
in  one  of  them  the  player  is  clearly  intended  to 
supply  the  5^ear  in  accordance  with  that  in  which 
it  was  acted.  So  also  in  another  of  Middleton's 
plays,  the  month  date  of  a  letter  is  left  to  be 
varied  according  to  the  month  of  the  performance. 
As  is  well  known  also,  there  are  other  instances 
where  an  "  &c."  shows  passages  left  to  be  com- 
pleted by  "gag."  B.Nicholson. 

"Julius  Caesar"  {^'^  S.  xi.  124.)  — 

"For  if  thou  [parle]  path."— Act  II.  Sc.  1, 1.  83. 
Since  writing  my  note  on  this  I  have   come 
across  a  parallelism  in  the  "Rape  of  Lucrece," 
which   greatly   strengthens  my  conjecture.      lu 
stanza  120  we  have  — 
"  0  comfort-killing  night,  image  of  hell 


Vast  sin-concealing  chaos !  nurse  of  blame  ! 
Blind  muffled  bawd !  dark  harbour  for  defame ! 
Grim  cave  of  death  !  whispering  conspirator 
With  close-tongued  treason,  and  the  ravisher." 
B.  Nicholson. 

"Young  Bones."  —  In  Ford's  Broken  Heart 
I  have  just  happened  upon  the  passage :  — 

" What  think  yon, 

If  your  fresh  ladj'  breed  j'oung  bones,  my  Lord  ? 
Would  not  a  chopping  bov  do  vou  good  at  heart  ?  " 
Act  II.  Sc.  1. 

The  Shakespearian  commentators  are  curiously 
silent  on  the  passage  in  Kimj  Lear  (Act  II.  Sc.  4, 
1.  169)  :  — 

'•  .        .        .        strike  her  yong  bones. 
You  taking  Ayres  with  Lamenesse ! " 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


L3"i  S.  XI.  March  30,  '67, 


In  the  Philolog.  Soc.  Trans.,  1860-1,  this  passage 
of  Kinf/  Lear  is  illustrated  by  W.  C.  Jourdain, 
Esq.,  where  he  states  that  "young  bones "= 
"infants  just  born."  It  seems  to  me,  from  the 
few  instances  of  the  use  of  this  term  I  have  met 
with,  that  "young  bones"  means  rather  "infants 
yet  unborn." 

The  last  edition  of  Nares  doss  not  note  the 
expression,  nor  is  it  to  be  found  in  the  ordinary 
Archaic  Dictionaries.  I  know  of  no  other  use  of 
it  in  Shakespeare  than  in  this  passage  of  King 
Lear ;  though  in  the  old  play  of  King  Leir  it  oc- 
curs twice  (according  to  Mr.  Jourdain).  The 
Variorum  Shakespeare  has  no  explanation  of  it ; 
neither  has  Collier's  nor  the  Cambridge. 

Is  the  expression  unusual ;  or  merely  a  choice 
flower  of  speech  pertaining  to  Mrs.  Gamp,  too 
usual  to  be  worth  observing  ? 

John  Abdis,  Juk. 

"  Twelfth  Ni&ht."  — 

"  Clown and  for  turning  away,  let  summer 

bear  it." — Act  I.  Sc.  .5,  line  19. 

Most  ingenious  emendations  have  been  proposed 
of  "  turning  away  "  in  this  passage,  such  as  "  turn- 
ing o'  hay  "  and  "  turning  of  whey."  Other  critics 
understand  the  words  in  their  plain  sense — viz. 
that  in  summer  a  homeless  person  suffers  fewer 
hardships  than  at  other  seasons. 

Accordant  with  the  latter  view,  I  subjoin  a 
passage  from  the  interlude  of  Jack  Jiigler  ("  Four 
Old  Plays,"  Cambridge,  U.  S.  1848),  p.  44:  — 

"  I  neuer  vse  to  rune  awaye  in  wynter  nor  in  vere, 
But  all  waj'es  in  suche  tyme  and  season  of  the  yere 
When  honye  lyeth  in  the  hiues  of  Bees, 
And  all  maner  frute  falleth  from  the  trees — 
As  apples,  Nuttes,  Peres,  and  plummes  also, 
Wherby  a  boye  maye  Hue  a  brod  a  moneth  or  two." 

Some  demur  has  been  raised  against  the  word 
"free  "  in  the  line  (Act  II.  Sc.  4,  line  45)  :  — 
"  And  the  free  maids  that  weave  their  thread  with  bones.' 
An   easy   emendation   would    be,    "And  thrifty 
maids,"  if  emendation  is  needed. 

John  Alms,  Jtjk. 


AUTOGRAPHS  IN  BOOKS. 

1.  Biblia  Sacra,  sive  Testamentum  Vetus,  Sfc, 
Amst.  1669,  8vo,  with  the  autographs  of  Pene- 
lope Grenville,  1687-8 ;  George  Grenville,  1721 ; 
and  Henry  Grenville,  1725. 

2.  The  Summe  and  Substance  of  the  Conference 
which  it  pleased  his  Majestie  to  have  with  the  Bishops, 
Sfc,  1604,  4to.  Archbishop  Laud's  copy,  with  his 
autograph. 

3.  The  Reformed  CathoJiqiie  agamst  the  Jesuite, 
Sfc,  written  by  an  inhabitant  of  Rochill,  1621,  4to, 
8  leaves,  with  the  autograph  of  Bishop  Tanner. 


4.  A  large  Declaration  concerning  the  Troubles 
in  Scotland,  1639,  folio.  On  the  title-page  is : 
"Given  me  by  Mr.  Dr.  Belkaukwell,  Dean  of 
Durham,  this  10  of  May  heere  at  New  Castle  on 
the  way  towardes  Barwicke.  Anno  1639. — Arun- 
dell  and  Surrey ^ 

5.  The  Recantation  of  the  Prelate  of  Canterbury 
[Laud],  ^c,  1641,  4to,  with  the  autograph  of 
Thomas  Baker,  the  Socius  Kjectus. 

6.  Homer's  Iliad,  transl.  by  G.  Chapman.  N. 
Butter,  n.  d.  folio.  ''Ex  Libris  Alexandri  Popei, 
Pret.  3/."  "T.  Warton,  ex  dono  Episc.  Gloe. 
[Warburton]."  Here  it  may  be  observed,  that  I 
have  seen  the  copy  of  George  Gascoigne's  Works, 
1587,  4to,  which  was  Warburton's,  and  which  he 
gave  to  Warton.  It  had  the  following  :  "T.  War- 
ton,  the  Gift  of  the  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  1778." 

7.  Sojjhocles.  Stephanus,  1618,  folio.  "  E  Li- 
bris Alexandri  "Pope."  But  he  afterwards  pre- 
sented it  to  Wesley,  with  an  inscription,  which  I 
have  mislaid. 

8.  Fairlambe  (Peter),  The  Recantation  of  a 
Brownist,  printed  by  H.  Gosson,  1606,  4to,  with 
the  autograph  of  Thomas  Tanner. 

9.  The  Case  of  the  Bankers  and  their  Creditors 
Stated  and  Explained.  By  Tho.  Turner.  The  Third 
Impression.  London :  Printed  in  the  year  1675, 
8vo.  ''  This  For  my  honoured  Friend  S''  Hum- 
phrey Brigges,  Baronet.  From  the  Author  with 
his  loue  and  Seruice." 

10.  James  I.  [of  England],  Workes,  1616,  folio, 
with  the  following  autographs  on  the  back  of  the 
portrait :  "  1628,  pre:  12/vi'^  Herberte ;"  "  R.  Her- 
bert ;"  "George  Herberte  HisBooke."  The  copy 
appears  to  have  passed  through  the  hands  of  Ed- 
ward Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury,  and  of  his  brothers 
Richard  Herbert  and  George  Herbert,  author  of 
The  Temple. 

11.  Allot  (R.),  Englands  Parnassus,  1600,  8vo. 
On  the  fly-leaf  occurs  an  inscription  not  noticed 
in  "  N.  &  Q."  S'-d  S.  i.  82,  as  follows :  "  T.  War- 
ton,  1763.  Olim  Gul.  Oldys,  quinonnulla  hucinde 
ascripsit." 

12.  3Iancinus  de  Quatuor  Virtutibus  (a  Poem  in 
Latin  and  English),  apparently  from  the  press  of 
W.  de  Worde,  1518,  4to.  On  the  first  leaf  of  the 
Latin  portion,  in  a  copy  which  was  formerly  in 
the  Bodleian  Library,  the  contemporary  pur- 
chaser has  written — "Quod  dominus  Jo.  Hyll, 
prior  chanon  de  Motteley,  scripsit  et  emit  hunc 
librum  recentem,  Anno  Domini  Mmo  cccccmo 
xviij."  W.  Caeew  Haziitt. 


A  PAPER  OF  THE  OLDEN  TIME. 

I  send  a  copy  of  a  paper  which  I  found  lately 
among  a  heap  of  pieces  long  laid  aside  and  mostly 
forgotten.  I  do  not  know  its  date ;  but  I  have 
certainly  had  it  in  my  possession  upwards  of  fifty 


Sfd  S.  XI.  March  30,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


253 


years.  It  is  -written  in  a  slovenly  hand,  upon  old 
paper;  and  seems  to  have  been  intended  for 
some  periodical  essayist,  sucli  as  tlie  Spectator  or 
Rambler.  For  its  quaint  humour  and  originality, 
and  as  a  specimen  of  the  compositions  so  much 
relished  in  former  times,  it  can  hardly  fail  to  he 
acceptable  to  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 

F.  C.  II. 
"  The  Amorphoeiiix  Club. 
"  '  Juvenes  senesque, 

Et  pueri  nasum  rhinocerotis  habetit.' — Martial. 
"  Formed  of  old  men,  and  youths,  and  boys, 

Whei-e  each  his  ugly  nose  enjoys. 
"  Mr.  Editor, 

"  Being  one  of  those  who  walk  about  the  town, 
attracting  but  little  notice  themselves,  but  taking  great 
notice  of  others,  it  is  not  unusual  with  me  to  meet  with 
whimsical  adventures  and  odd  rencounters.  I  fell  in 
with  one  such  a  few  weeks  ago ;  and  send  you  an  account 
of  it,  as  likely  to  amuse  j'our  readers. 

'•  I  had  rambled  and  lounged  about  till  rather  late  one 
evening ;  when  finding  myself  a  good  way  from  home, 
and  feeling  hungry,  I  turned  into  a  respectable  inn,  and 
ordered  supper.  The  landlord  apologised  for  being  unable 
to  accommodatQ.me  with  a  private  room,  as  all  his  smaller 
rooms  were  occupied  ;  but  promised  me  every  attention, 
if  I  could  put  up  with  a  large  public  room  np-stairs, 
v/hich  however  I  should  have  to  myself.  As  I  am  usually 
ill  search  of  adventures,  and  can'easily  take  what  offers, 
I  consented  to  the  proposal,  and  followed  the  landlord 
up-stairs  to  a  large  handsome  room,  where  I  was  soon 
served  with  a  good  supper,  and  found  mj'self  everj^  waj' 
comfortable.  While  supper  was  preparing,  I  amused 
myself  with  looking  about  the  room.  It  was  evidently 
appropriated  to  meetings  of  clubs  and  societies ;  and  at 
one  end  I  found  a  set  of  Rules  framed  and  glazed,  Avhich 
I  thought  so  original,  that  I  carefully  copied  them  ;  and 
they  were  as  follows  :  — 

"  '  Rules 
Of  the  Amorphorhin  Club,  held  at  this  House. 

" '  1.  The  members  of  this  Club  shall  be  called 
Amorphorhins  ;  and  shall  meet  here  every  Tuesday 
evening  at  seven  o'clock,  for  the  support  and  patronage 
of  odd  and  ugly  noses, 

"  '  2.  Admission  shall  be  b}'  ballot ;  and  each  member 
shall  pay  an  admission  fee  of  five  shillings,  and  also  six- 
pence weekly. 

"  '  3.  The  qualification  shall  be  a  nose  unusualh'  long, 
broad,  thick,  or  distinguished  by  some  strange  colour  or 
remarkable  deformity. 

"  '  4.  The  chairman  shall  be  elected  every  three  years ; 
the  preference  being  given  to  a  nose  of  extraordinary 
ugliness. 

"  '  5.  Any  surplus  money  at  the  end  of  each  j'ear  shall 
be  spent  in  purchasing  snuff,  spectacles,  and  pocket- 
handkerchiefs,  for  the  use  of  the  members. 

" '  6.  If  any  member  shall  be  heard  to  reproach  another 
with  the  ugliness  of  his  nose,  or  regret  that  of  his  own, 
he  shall  forfeit  half-a- crown.' 

"  Appropriate  pictures  were  hung  round  the  room ; 
among  which  I  noticed  one  of  a  man  with  an  enormous 
nose  covered  with  carbuncles,  and  beneath  it  the  name 
*f  Tongilianus,  whom  Martial  describes  as  being  nothing 
but  nose.  There  was  a  picture  of  a  rhinoceros,  and 
another  of  an  elephant's  trunk.  There  stood  near  this  a 
case  containing  a  dried  specimen  of  a  nose  said  to  have 
belonged  to  the  giant  Goliah.    The  pasteboard  nose  of 


Sancho  Panza  was  kept  as  a  curiosity ;  and  in  a  lai-ge 
frame  were  numerous  drawings  of  the  most  remarkable 
noses  of  members  of  the  Club. 

"  Being  exceedingly  diverted  with  this  singular  society, 
I  resolved  to  visit  the  inn  again  on  a  Tuesday  evening  ; 
and  contrive,  if  possible,  to  see  some  of  the  sti-ange  noses, 
and  learn  something  of  the  proceedings.  I  went  accord- 
ingly soon  after ;  but  unfortunately  did  not  arrive  till  all 
the  members  were  assembled,  with  closed  doors.  I  could 
not,  of  course,  gain  admittance ;  but  curiosity  led  me  to 
hide  myself  outside,  near  the  door,  where  I  listened  at- 
tentively, in  hopes  of  catching  some  of  the  conversation. 
It  appeared  that  the  chairman  was  haranguing  the  Club ; 
but  I  could  only  catch  a  few  expressions,  and  occasionally 
a  short  sentence.  He  extolled  the  great  advantage  of 
long  noses,  observing  that  the  Romans  used  them  as  pegs 
to  hang  all  sorts  of  things  upon,  '  suspendens  omnia  naso.' 
He  observed  that  they  esteemed  noses  so  highly,  that 
eminent  persons  were  named  from  them  ;  thus  Ovid  was 
called  A^aso,  and  Scipio,  Nasica.  I  also  understood  him 
to  say  that  they  accounted  it  a  singular  privilege  to  have 
an  ugly  nose  ;  for  Martial  says  :  '  non  cuicumque  datum  est 
habere  nasum,'  by  which  he  must  have  meant  a  nose  out 
of  the  common.  I  own  that,  with  ajl  this,  I  was  fairly 
led  bj'  the  nose,  and  felt  a  great  longing  to  belong  to  this 
Club  of  A'bsologists.  But  as  I  felt  my  own  nose,  I  was 
convinced  that  it  was  too  well  proportioned  to  afford  me 
any  hope  of  admission :  so  I  softly  and  cautioush^  with- 
drew, before  the  members  of  the  Club  separated. 
"  I  am,  Mr.  Editor, 

"  Tour  constant  reader, 
"  Philophun." 


The  Oldest  VoLmsriEER. — Every  now  and  then 
there  crops  up  a  fresh  "  oldest  volunteer."  The 
latest  of  these  veterans  is  now  stated  to  have  borne 
arms  in  180G. 

I  beg  leave  to  "  make  a  note  of  it,"  that  in  the 
winter  of  1796,  when  rising  twenty,  I  was  en- 
rolled in  the  Lawyers'  Corps  (Dublin),  and  served 
therein,  non  sine  pulvere,  through  1797,  1798,  and 
in  1803.  But  O,  how  the  faces  and  forms  and 
voices  of  my  high-blooded  comrades  gather  round 
me  as  I  write  of  them,  now  in  dust  and  silence  ! 

Should  I  ever  journey  back  to  England,  I  shall 
surely  ask  some  volunteer  mess  to  give  me  a  glass 
of  wine,  therein  to  drink  the  health  of  our  dear 
Queen;  but  especially  the  Civil  Service  Corps, 
having  held  office  in  the  Eoyal  Household  under 
four  successive  sovereigns. 

Edmund  Lenthal  Swifte, 
a  voltjnteee  of  seventt-oi^e  years' 

STANDrNG. 

"  Ttjrj^ing  the  TABiEa" — The  following  very 
curious  notice  of  this  phrase  is  to  be  found  in 
Evelyn's  Sylva  (Hunter's  edition),  4to,  p.  190,  &c. 
I  do  not  remember  hearing  of  such  intimation  in 
any  other  author :  — 

"  The  Maple,  for  the  elegancv  and  fineness  of  the  wood, 
is  next  to  the  Citron  itself.  There  are  several  kinds  of 
it,  especially  the  White,  which  is  wonderfully  beautiful ; 
this  is  called  the  French  Maple,  and  grows  in  that  part 
of  Italy  that  is  on  the  other  side  of  the  Po  beyond  the 
Alps  ;  the  other  has  a  curled  grain  so  curiously  maculated 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Sfd  S.  XI.  Maucii  30,  '67 


it  was  usuallj'  called  the  Peacock's  tail The 

Bruscum  or  Knue,  is  vronderfully  fine,  but  the  MoUuscum 
is  counted  most  precious  ;  both  of  them  knobs  or  swellings 

out  of  the  tree The  Bruscum  is  of  a  blackish 

kind,  v.-ith  Avhich  they  make  tables.  (See  Pliny).    And 
such  spotted  tables  were  the  famous  Tigrine  and  Panthe- 

rine  curiosities Such  a  table  was  that  of  Cicero, 

which   cost  him  ten  thousand  sesterces  ;    such  another 
had  Asiuius  Gallus.    That  of  King  Juba  was    sold  for 
fifleen  thousand  H.  S.,  which,  at  about  three  halfpence 
sterling,  arrives  to  a  pretty   sum ;  and  yet  that  of  the 
Mauritanian  Ptolemie  was  far  richer,  containing  four  feet 
and  a  half  diameter,  three  inches  thick,  which  is  reported 
to  have  been  sold  for  its  weight  in  gold :  of  that  value 
they  were,  and  so  madly  luxurious  the  age,  that  when  I 
the  men  at  anj'  time  reproached  their  wives  for  their  j 
wanton  expensiveness  in  pearl  and  other  rich  trifles,  they  j 
were  wont  to  retort,  and  turn  the  tables  upon  their  hus-  ( 
bands."  I 

A.  A. 
Poets'  Corner.  ! 

Xeedle's  Exe. — "  For  it  is  easier  for  a  camel 
to  go  through  a  needle's  eye,"  &c.  (St.  Luke,  xviii.  j 
25).  In  a  recent  -work  on  the  Sahara  by  Desor,  a  ! 
Swiss  savant,  the  author  mentions  that  the  in-  I 
habited  places  in  the  desert  are  fortified,  and  that 
the  gates  have  several  openings  —  a  large  one  in  | 
the  middle,  and  small  ones  on  the  sides  —  called  I 
"Xeedles'  Eyes."  Xow  I  think  it  is  very  likely  i 
that  gates,  similarly  constructed,  existed  in  dif-  i 
ferent  parts  of  the  East  and  in  Palestine ;  and 
that  the  appellation  for  the  smaller  side-openings,  | 
through  which  a  camel  could  not  pass,  may  be  an  j 
old  one.  If  this  be  the  case,  the  correct  explana-  j 
tion  of  the  above  verse  of  Scripture,  which  has  i 
been  so  often  commented  on,  is  obvious.  Desor  ! 
says  that,  as  soon  as  he  saw  the  smaller  openings  ; 
and  heard  they  were  called  ''Xeedles'  Eyes,"  the  ' 
verse  in  question,  which  had  always  puzzled  him  : 
when  a  schoolboy,  became  perfectly  intelligible,  j 
Mart  SiMMOifDS. 

Tow>T,EY  Visiting  Cakd. — Among  my  papers 
I  find  the  following  undated  extract;  whence  ! 
taken,  1  cannot  remember.  Should  you  think  it  j 
•worthy  a  place  among  your  "  minor  notes,"  per-  j 
haps  some  reader  of  ''X.  &  Q."  will  be  able  to  | 
say  whether  any  of  these  artistic  and  scarce  [ 
visiting  cards  stiU  exist.  j 

"  Toicnley  Yisiting  Card. 

"  Charles  Townley,  Esq.,  the  collector  of  the  Townley 
Gallerj'  of  marbles,  was  so  enamoured  with  his  favorite 
busts  of  Isis,  Pericles,  and  Homer,  the  most  perfect  speci- 
mens of  ancient  art,  that  h%.  employed  the  hand  of  Skel-  I 
ton,  Sharpe's  favorite  pupil,  to  engrave  them  upon   a  I 
small  plate,  which  he  used  as  his  visiting  cai-d.    This  I 
elegant  performance,  always  considered  a  great  raritj-,  j 
was  left  only  at  the  houses  of  particular  persons,  so  that 
an  impression  of  it  is  now  greatly  coveted  by  the  collec- 
tors of  such  bijoux." 

C.L. 

BuLSB. — Mr.  Boswell,  the  exhibitor  of  Dr. 
Johnson's  conversation,  says  (Croker's  edit.  iv. 
•222,  1831)  that  he  comforts  himself  with  having 


given  so  much  as  he  had  preserved  upon  each 
occasion,  "  whether  a  hdse  or  only  a  few  sparks 
of  a  diamond."  Neither  Boswell  nor  his  editor. 
Mr.  Croker,  nor  the  great  Doctor  himself  in  his 
dictionan,',  nor  his  editor,  Todd,  explain  or  even 
acknowledge  this  word.  I  have  met  with  it  in  The 
Rolliad  (Probationarv  Odes,  Xo.  18,  strophe  iii. 
p.  357  of  the  edition  "1795)— 

"  Buhes  glittering  skim  the  air ; 

Hands  unstretch'd  would  grasp  the  pi-ize. 
But  no  diamond  they  find  there,"  &c. 

One  may  from  these  two  passages  guess  at  a 
meaning,  which  is  probably  a  technical  one  known 
to  dealers  in  diamonds :  but  I  do  not  remember 
to  have  ever  heard  it  in  conversation.  So  I  name 
it  as  one  which,  being  found  in  Boswell's  Johnson 
and  The  Rolliad,  ought  surely  to  have  a  place  in 
an  English  dictionaiy.  J. 

Old  Ixventio's  sttpposed  to  be  MoDER^^ — 
One  of  these  is  the  patent  German  yeast,  but  I 
find  its  exact  description  in  the  notes  to  Evelyn's 
Sylva  by  Dr.  Hunter,  written  nearly  sixty  years 
ago  :  — 

"It  is  a  practice  in  some  parts  of  the  country'  to  dr\- 
yeast  upon  cap-paper  placed  ou  a  wicker-basket  in  order 
that  the  ale  may  filter  through.  A  small  portion  of  this 
dried  cake,  beaten  up  with  warm  water  and  a  little  pot- 
ash, makes  an  extemporaneous  ferment  for  bread." 

It  would  be  curious  to  record  any  old  inven- 
tions now  supposed  to  be  modern.  Permit  me  to 
begin  with  the  anchor  generally  called  Porter's, 
or  Trotman's,  or  the  folding  anchor,  which  is 
figured  in  the  Aldi's  Poliphilo  (1499,  d.  vii.  recto). 
The  breech-loading  cannon  and  fusils  at  Brussels, 
and  the  revolverj,at  Warwick,  are  also  curious  ex- 
amples. A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Andittmous:  George  Sitiih.  —  In  Lathburs's 
Histoi-y  of  the  Non-Jurors  the  following  anony- 
mous tracts  are  attributed  to  George  Smith  of 
Burn  Hall,  near  Durham,  who  published  the 
famous  edition  of  Bede,  which  had  been  prepared 
for  the  press,  but  left  in  an  imfinished  state  by 
his  father,  Dr.  John  Smith,  prebendary  of  Dur- 
ham:— 

"An  Epistolary  Dissertation  addressed  to  the  CJergy 
of  lliddlesex,  wherein  the  Doctrine  of  St.  Augustine  con- 
cerning the  Christian  Sacrifice  is  set  in  a  true  light  b^- 
way  of  a  Reply  to  Dr.  "Waterlaiid's  late  Charge  to  them. 
By  a  Divine  of  the  University  of  Cambridge."  London, 
8vo,  1739. 

"  A  Brief  Historical  Account  of  the  Primitive  Invoca- 
tion or  Prayer  for  a  Blessing  on  the  Elements  in  confir- 
mation of  some  things  mentioned  in  the  learned  Dr. 
Waterland's  Review,  &c. ;  and  by  way  of  Supplement  to 
it  in  a  Letter  to  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury-, 
to  which  is  added  a  full  Confutation  of  Beza's  Arguments 
against  the  Primitive  Doctrine  of  the  Eucharist."  8vo, 
1740. 

"  Remarks  upon  the  Life  of  the  Most  Reverend  Dr. 


6'-<i  S.  XL  March  30,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


255 


John  Tillotson,  compiled  by  Thomas  Birch,  DD."'    ,Svo, 
London,  1754. 

Smitli  was  a  bishop  among'  the  Non-jurors, 
havmg  been  consecrated  by  Gandy,  Blackburn,  and 
Eawlinson  in  1728.  He  died  Nov.  4,  1756,  and 
was  buried  at  St.  Oswald's,  Durham,  where  there  is 
a  monumental  inscription  at  the  east  end  of  the 
south  aisle,  which  is  given  in  the  fourth  volume 
of  Surtees'  history  of  the  county.  ,E.  PI.  A. 


©ucrieg. 


Attoxe  or  Atoj^e.  — Afone  was  formerly  spelt 
attone ;  and  it  was  often  used  by  old  writers  dif- 
ferently from  the  present  use  of  atone,  Shakespere 
says :  — 

"  He  and  Aufidius  can  no  more  atone 
Tluin  violentest  contrariety." 

Drvden  speaks  of ''  atoning  discord,''  or  "  atton- 
ing  discord,"  as  he  spelt  it.  Can  we  rely  on  the 
generally  accepted  derivation  of  atone  from  at 
one?  Taking  into  account  the  old  spelling  and 
such  passages  as  above  quoted,  ma}'  we  not  rather 
derive  attone  from  ad  and  tonuSj  '•  to  bring  discord 
to  a  tone  ?  "  —  "to  harmonise  two  dissentients," 
would  seem  a  more  natural  explanation.  C. 

Batetjx  Tapestkt,  — A  well-known  and  inter- 
esting scene  in  the  tapestry  is  the  landing  of  the 
Normans.  After  quitting  their  ships,  they  hasten 
to  Hastings,  and  are  represented  as  seizing  various 
animals,  which  they  proceed  to  dress  forthwith  : 
"Hie  milites  festinaverunt  Hastingos  ut  cibum 
raperentur.  Hie  coquitur  caro.''  Between  the 
animals  and  the  persons  engaged  in  cooking 
appears  a  person  mounted,  and  bearing  a  spear 
and  shield:  above  is  the  inscription,  '^Hic  est 
Wadard."  A  man  with  a  pony  is  standing  by.  In 
the  copious  elucidation  of  the  tapestry,  there  is 
no  allusion  to  this  incident.  Is  anything  known 
of  this  personage  ?  I  should  be  glad  of  any  in- 
formation about  him,  or  any  conjecture  as  to  the 
reason  of  his  being  thus  introduced. 

F.  PI.  Arivold. 

Catalogues. — In  the  Bodleian  Catalogue,  18-13, 
is  the  following  title :  — '■ 

"  Komilly  (Sir  Samuel),  Auction  Catalogue  of  the 
entire  and  valuable  Miscellaneous  Library  of  Sir  S.  R., 
8vo,  London,  n.  d." 

I  might  trespass  on  the  kindness  of  the  learned 
librarian  to  supply  me  privately  with  such  par- 
ticulars as  will  enable  me  to  find  the  above, 
which  I  cannot  do  with  such  meagre  information. 
I  wish  to  make  a  note  of  this,  as  it  will  doubtless 
conduce  to  a  more  liberal  scale  of  title-page  in- 
formation ;  and  because  this  is  not  the  first  time 
I  have   been  baulked  by   a   garbled  title  in   a 


title  properly  given,  if  not  in  the  catalogue  of  the 
Bodleian?     Will    some    one   kindly  supply  me 
with  the  auctioneer's  name,  and  date  of  the  sale  ? 
Ralph  Thomas. 
1,  Powis  Place,  W.C. 

Cement  for  Organ  and  Pianoforte  Keys. — 
I  should  be  very  thankful  to  be  informed  of  the 
best  cement  for  fixing  the  ivory  keys  of  organs 
and  pianos.  What  is  used  for  the  purpose  by 
the  makers  is,  I  suppose,  a  trade  secret ;  but  some 
of  your  readers  may,  like  myself,  have  had  such 
keys  come  oft'  in  damp  weather,  and  I  should  be 
glad  to  know  what  they  found  best  for  fixing 
them  on  again.  I  have  used  shellac  dissolved  in 
alcohol,  which  ansAvers  for  a  time,  but  is  apt  to 
come  oft"  again  in  damp  weather.  F.  C.  H. 

Ciss  OR  Siss. — Can  you  or  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  the  derivation  or  spelling  of  this  word,  as 
used  by  painters  in  reference  to  the  non-amalgam 
of  colours  ?  If  water-colour,  for  instance,  is  rub- 
bed over  an  oily  surface,  it  will  not  adhere  unless 
a  certain  preparation  be  used  with  it,  and  this 
non-adhesion  is  called  "  cissing."  I  do  not  think 
it  can  be  a  corruption  of  "  cease,"  as  that  is  just 
the  reverse  of  what  really  happens.  J.  C, 

Esther.  —  In  the  Chaldaic  Targum  to  the 
Book  of  Esther  it  is  mentioned  that,  among  her 
gifts  when  she  found  favour  with  the  king, 
were  :  — 

"  Septem  puellas  ad  ministrandum  illi,  septem  diebus 
hebdoinadis  — 

Kn^in  miuistrabat  primb,  prima  feria. 
NJT'p')"!  „  secunda    „ 

N'JT'JIJ:!  „  tertia       „ 

Nn''"linJ  „  quarta     „ 

NrT'Cnn  „  quinta      „ 

KJT'D'nn  „  sexta       „ 

iS^n^y^J"!  „  Sabbath." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  explain  the  meaning  of 
these  names  ?  Is  Kil,  in  which  they  all  terminate, 
the  usual  Chaldaic  feminine  termination,  or  does  it 
mean  "bedchamber"?  My  own  idea  is,  that  as 
they  are  all  mere  inventions  of  the  Rabbins,  it  is 
in  vain  to  look  for  them  in  any  Lexicon.  The 
last  evidently  means  rest ;  and  as  she  waited,  or 
came  on  duty  on  the  Sabbath,  perhaps  the  other 
names  have  something  to  do  with  daily  pecu- 
liarities. .  .  Q'.  E.  D. 
Atlienaium. 


Heraldic  Artist. — The  following  may  interest 
the  heraldic  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  may  elicit 
some  information  as  to  the  fate  of  the  artist. 
About  the  year  1834  or  '35,  I  met  at  the  house  of 
a  friend  in  Dublin  an  artist  of  uncommon  merit 
in  heraldry.  At  the  time  I  was  too  young  and 
printed  catalogue.      Where   could  one  expect  a  '  too  unlettered  in  that  department,  but  old  enough 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


rSrd  S.  XI.  Mabch  30,  '67 


to  appreciate  a  superior  work  of  artistic  skill. 
The  name  of  that  man  was  Irwin,  and  lie  was  a 
native  of  the  town  of  "Wexford ;  and,  as  he  stated 
himself,  was  hrought  up  as  a  shoemaker,  and, 
when  about  thirty-five  years  of  age,  he  went  to 
Dublin  and  commenced  as  a  herald-painter  —  a 
profession  in  which  he  excelled  anyone  in  the 
city.  He  not  only  knew  the  arms  belonging  to 
every  Irish  name/  but  drew  them  correctly,  with 
mottoes,  &c.,  from  memory;  and  I  have  never  since 
seen  anything  to  equal  the  beauty  of  his  work. 
Through  the  influence  of  my  friend,  the  artist  got 
an  amount  of  business  that  was  truly  marvellous, 
and  he  would  have  soon  realised  a  handsome  in- 
dependence, but  unfortunately  he  fell  into  habits 
of  dissipation,  lost  his  patronage,  and  I  know  not 
what  became  of  him.  However,  years  afterwards, 
I  have  frequently  seen  his  works  in  the  houses  of 
families  in  Dublin.  Can  any  Dublin  correspon- 
dent tell  more  about  this  artist  or  his  works  ? 

His  works  were  generally  painted  on  thin 
boards  or  strong  pasteboard,  and  were  the  finest 
specimens  of  art  as  armorial  bearings  that  I  ever 
saw.  T.  Redxo^d. 

Liverpool. 

HocBED.  —  Is  Ifocbed  synonymous  with  Hock 
Tuesday?  The  word  occurs  in  a  record  of  the 
Hustiug  Court  of  Oxford,  held  in  the  third  week 
in  January  in  the  23rd  year  of  Edward  I.,  thus  — 

"  Gulielmus  de  Amondesham  r.  Thomam  Loyt  de 
placito  transgressionis  unde  lex  pei-  Johaunem  le  Crior 
aflarmatur.  Et  Thomas  opponit  se  cum  lege  sua  et  habet 
diem  usque  ad  diem  Lune  proximara  post  Hocbed." 

Bos  PiGEE. 

Icelandic  Liteeatijre. — I  possess  the  follow- 
ing rare  brochures,  which  were  purchased  at  the 
sale  in  Edinburgh  of  the  library  of  the  late  Dr. 
Irving.  They  are  in  black-letter,  and  were  both 
printed  in  small  4to,  at  Stadholdt,  by  Henricus 
Ejuse,  1668 :  — 

1.  "  An  Account  (Saga)  of  the  Introduction  of  Chris- 
tianity into  Iceland  in  the  time  of  Olas-e  Tryggvoson, 
King'of  Nonvay."     With  rare  Portrait,  pp.  28." 

2.  "  Libellus,'  or  Book  on  Iceland.  By  Ara,  the  Holy 
Priest."    Pp.  22. 

There  is  a  copy  of  the  latter  in  the  library  of 
the  Faculty  of  Advocates  at  Edinburgh ;  but  it 
is  questioned  whether  there  are  any  other  copies 
of  either  extant.  Information  on  this  head  re- 
quired. W.  H.  L. 

Berwick-on-Tweed. 

In^diax  Bird  "  Hola-lijca-esta."  —  In  a  MS. 
of  the  seventeenth  century  before  me,  the  writer 
speaks  of  an  Indian  bird  so  named,  which  alights 
before  a  traveller  and  apparently  invites  him  to 
catch  it ;  but  delights  in  baffling  his  efforts,  ever 
hopping  and  flying  on  before  him,  and  keeping 
just  out  of  his   reach,  in  the  most  provoking 


manner.  Acosta's  work,  the  only  likely  book  in 
reach,  fails  me.  Will  some  one  who  has  ^ildro- 
vandus  or  any  of  the  old  naturalists  near  him 
kindly  refer  me  to  some  account  of  this  bird  ? 

Q.Q. 

AjfDKEA  Di  JoEio. — Forty  years  ago  there  lived 
at  Naples  a  canon  of  the  church,  known  to  the 
English  there  as  "Canouico  Jorio."  He  pub- 
lished several  works  to  illustrate  the  antiquities 
of  Pompeii  and  the  vicinity  of  Naples:  among 
others  a  small  pamphlet,  to  show,  by  referring  to 
the  pictures  on  the  waUs  of  Pompeii,  how  the 
ancient  customs  of  the  Roman  inhabitants  of  that 
part  of  Italy  had  been  handed  down  nearly  un- 
changed. I  am  anxious  to  get  the  title  of  this 
pamphlet.  Can  any  of  your  correspondents  ac- 
quainted with  Neapolitan  literature  furnish  it  ? 
Signor  Jorio  was  a  man  of  some  literary  note  in 
those  days,  and  being  much  in  the  company  of 
the  English,  was  said  not  to  be  in  favour  with 
his  ecclesiastical  superiors.  C.  T.  Paitage. 

Latin  Qxiotatioks. — Whence  comes  this  pas- 
sage of  prose,  describing  a  courtesan's  arts,  quoted 
by  Dryden  in  notes  to  his  Amius  Mirahilis :  — 

"  H;ec  arte  tractabat  cupidum  virum  ut  iUius  animum 
inopia  accenderet." 

And  where  do  these  Latin  phrases  come  from  ?  — 

"  Kete  mirabile." 

"  Omnia  sponte  sua  reddit  iustissima  tellus." 

CH. 

Old  Clock.  —  I  have  in  my  collection  a  queer 
old  clock,  with  an  enormous  bell  both  as  to  size 
and  sound.  Upon  the  exterior  of  the  brass  case 
is  the  following,  engraved :  ''  William  Selwood, 
at  The  Mermaide  in  Lothbury."  I  am  anxious 
to  know  the  date  of  the  clock.  Can  you,  or  any 
of  your  numerous  readers,  assist  me  in  this  mat- 
ter"? Was  William  Selwood  a  famous  mechanic, 
or  a  nobody  in  his  line  ?  Sax  Slick, 

SiE  Nathaniel  Rich. — Was  there  more  than 
one  knight  of  this  name  between  1620  and  1637  ? 
If  there  was  only  one,  where  did  he  reside,  and 
how  was  he  related  to  Col.  Nathaniel  Rich,  a 
prominent  officer  in  the  Parliamentary  Army  ? 

I  have  examined  Wrighfs  Essex,  vol.  ii. 
p.  424  ;  Wotton's  English  Baronets  (1727),  vol.  ii. 
pp.  514-15:  Wotton"s  English  Baronetage  (1741), 
vol.  iii.  part  II.  p.  586;  and  Burke's  Extinct 
Baronetage  (1838),  p.  441. 

Sir  Nathaniel  Rich  is  mentioned  bv  Hume  as 
a  patriot  member  of  the  third  Parliament  of 
James  I.,  and  a  knight  by  that  name  represented 
Harwich  in  the  third  Parliament  of  Charles  I. 
The  name  is  "found  among  the  gxantees  of  the 
Plymouth  Company's  patent,  Nov.  3,  1620.  It 
also  occurs  frequently  in  Sainsbury's  Calendar  of 
Cohnial  State  Papers.     This  last  person  was  an 


S'd  s.  XI.  makch  30,  -67.]  NOTE S  AND  QUERIE S. 


257 


associate,  in  colonial  enterprises,  of  his  namesakes 
the  Earls  of  Plolland  and  Warwick,  and  of  Pym, 
Hampden,  and  other  political  characters.  He 
died  between  May  16,  1636,  and  Feb.  9,  1636-7. 

Eev.  Thomas  Goodwin,  the  eminent  Puritan 
divine,  in  the  dedication  of  his  JRetvrue  of  Prayers 
(London,  1626,)  to  Sir  Nathaniel  Rich,  states 
that  he  devoted  the  first  of  his  labours  to  the 
service  of  Rich.     I  presume  he  was  his  chaplain. 

Forster,  in  his  Life  of  Yane  (Statesmen  of  the 
Commomvealth),  quotes  this  passage  from  Stafford's 
Lettei-s,  vol.  i.  p.  463 :  — 

"  I  hear  that  Sir  Xathaniel  Rich  and  Mr.  Pym  have 
done  him  much  hurt  in  their  persuasions  that  way." 

JoHif  AVakd  Dean. 
Boston,  U.S. 

Spelman's  Neep. — What  is  '•  half  a  Leaguer 
of  Spelman's  Neep,"  ordered  in  a  list  of  provi- 
sions for  a  ship,  in  Capt.  Rogers's  Voyaqe  Round 
the  World  (p.  393),  1712  ?  Sly  copy  has  lost  the 
title-page.  Thomas  Siewardsonj  Jun. 

Philadelphia. 

Stoxe  in  Keystone. — Some  years  ago  part  of 
an  old  building,  originally  a  Lepers'  Hospital,  was 
pulled  down,  and  in  the  keystone  of  the  arch  of 
a  low  doorway  was  found  a  tchite  stone.  The 
keystone  was  in  two  parts,  carefully  fitted  to- 
gether ;  and  a  small  groove  had  been  chiselled 
out  of  the  middle  of  each  part,  forming  a  hollow 
just  large  enough  to  admit  the  stone,  which  is  the 
size  of  a  large  marble  and  impolished.  I  shall  be 
glad  if  any  of  j^our  correspondents  can  explain 
this  circumstance.  ^  S.  L. 

StTNDRT  QrEEiES. — I  have  at  various  times 
made  a  note  of  the  following  points,  with  a  view 
of  obtaining  information  thereon  through  the 
columns  of  *'N.  &  Q.,"  and  I  shall  be  much 
obliged  if  you  or  some  of  your  many  readers  will 
kindly  afford  me  the  desired  information  :  — 

1.  Primer. — Should  this  word  be  pronounced 
Primer  or  Primmer,  and  for  what  reason,  or  on 
what  authority  ? 

2.  Prophecy. — Where  can  I  find  the  best  list  of 
works  on  Biblical  prophecy,  including  the  many 
ephemeral  pamphlets  published  at  different  times 
on  this  subject?  Can  you  recommend  a  modern 
sober  treatise  on  unfulfilled  prophecy  ? 

3.  MSS.  for  Printing. —  SVhat  is  the  best  form 
of  writing  out  MSS.  for  printing  ? 

4.  Prices.  —  Where  can  I  find  a  comparative 
statement  of  the  prices  of  articles  iu  general  use 
at  different  dates;  especially  with  a  view  to 
changes  in  prices  during  this  century  ? 

5.  Illustrated  Bible. — About  three  years  since, 
1  think,  a  Bible  with  a  collection  of  illustrations 
bound  in  some  eight  or  twelve  folio  volumes  was 
put  up  for  sale  at  Messrs,  Sotheby's.     It  was  not 


sold  at  the  time,  I  believe.     In  whose  possession 
is  it  now  ?  G.  W. 

Thomson's  "Liberty." — In  every  edition  that 
I  have  seen  of  this  poem,  the  lines  638-9  (Part  v.) 
are  printed :  — 

"  Lo  !  swarming  soutliward,  on  rejoicing  suns, 
Gaj'  colonies  extend,"  &c. 

I  cannot  make  sense  out  of  "  suns,"  and  fancy 
it  ought  to  be  "  shores,"  or  a  word  of  similar  mean- 
ing.* Perhaps  some  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
may  be  able  to  elucidate  the  subject.  ^ 

.^  Robert  Wright.    ^ 

Two-faced  or  Double  Pictures. — When  a  S 
boy  I  once  paid  a  visit  to  an  old  gentleman  who  ^ 
spent  a  fortune  amongst  old  curiosity  shops.   What  f^ 
struck  me  most  in  his  very  miscellaneous  collec-  -§J 
tion  was  a  picture  which,  as  well  as  I  remember,  '• 
had   a  sort  of  grille,  or  lattice,  like  a  Venetian  ^ 
blind,  before  it,  through  which  appeared  the  face  "^ 
of  a  young  and  beautiful  girl.     On  looking  at  the   §^ 
picture  sideways,  the   face   completely  changed,  u 
passing  into  that  of  an  old  and  wrinkled  crone.  ■ 
I  do  not  iu  the  least  remember  how  this  effect  .-^ 
was  produced.    In  Merian's  Dance  of  Death,  pub-  ?^' 
lished  at  Basle   in  French-German,  there  is   a   ^ 
picture  of  a  knight  at  the  end,  which,  on  being  ^ 
turned  upside   down,    ingeniously  turns   into   a   • 
Death's  head.     There  are  many  references  to  pic-  ^ 
tures   of  this  kind  in   old  writers — as  Burton,   S 
Cowley,  &c.     The  former,  in  his  preface  to   the   ?5 
Anat.  Mel.,  speaking  of  the  contradictions  in  the    "V 
character  even  of  great  men,  says  :  —  |^ 

"  Hannibal,  as  he  had  mighty  virtues,  so  had  he  many  **  • 
vices  :  as  Machiavel  said  of  Cosmo  de  Medici,  he  had  two  ^ 
distinct  persons  in  him.  I  will  determine  of  them  all —  ^, 
they  are  like  these  double  or  turning  pictures :  stand  ;s 
before  which,  you  see  a  fair  maid  on  the  one  side,  an  ape  •• 
on  the  other,  or  an  owl."  -^^ 

Any  information  on  this  subject  will  oblige  § 

Q.  Q.   ^ 

"  Earl  Waldegrave's  Memoirs,  from  1754  f 
to  1758,"  4to,  London,  1821.— What  is  the  mean-  ^ 
ing  of  the  following  mysterious  passage  at  p.  51  ?  ?^ 
George  II.  having  sent  for  the  Princess  of  Wales  > 
to  talk  to  her  of  her  son's  conduct,  it  is  stated  ^ . 
that,  had  he  found  her  difficult  to  manage,  he  "^ 
might  have  whispered  "  a  word  in  her  ear  which ""v^ 
would  have  made  her  tremble  in  spite  of  her 
spotless  innocence." 

2.  Did  the  Duke  of  Cumberland  (brother  of 
George  II.)  leave  any  natural  children  ? 

W.  A. 

Rev.  William  Walker,  M.A. — I  want  in- 
formation relating  to  this  clergyman.  He  was 
rector  of  the  parishes  of  Rumboldswhyke  and  St. 


[*  This  is  the  reading  in  the  edition  of  ZiSer^y  pub- 
lished in  1735,  thirteen  years  before  the  death  of  the 
poet. — Ed.] 


258 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.   .      [s-^d  s.  xi.  march  so, '67. 


Pancras,  uear  Chichester,  at  the  early  part  of  the 
present  centviry.  Can  anj  of  your  readers  tell 
me  about  him,  his  family,  and  works  "         -    ~ 


L.  P. 


Bishops  of  WESTMI^'SXER  and  Dovee. — Mr. 
Froude,  in  his  Ilistpn/  of  England,  mentions  a 
Bishop  of  Westminster  and  a  Bishop  of  Dover, 
temj}.  Hen.  VIII.  In  the  present  day,  when  the 
increase  of  the  home  episcopate  is  being  discussed, 
it  would  be  interesting  to  have  some  account  of 
these  sees.  If  erected  by  Act  of  Parliament,  or 
how  ?  "Who  are  the  occupants,  and  when  were 
the  sees  extinguished,  and  by  whom  and  by  what 
authority  ?  '  "Safa. 

A.  &  N.  Club. 

[Prior  to  the  dissohition  of  the  monasteries,  Henry  YIII. 
had  resolved  to  convert  some  of  them  into  episcopal  sees, 
to  be  endowed  with  a  portion  of  the  lands  or  revenues 
placed  at  his  disposal.  Of  the  projected  sees,  West- 
minster was  to  be  one ;  and  on  December  17,  1.540,  the 
abbey  church  was,  by  letters  patent,  constituted  a 
cathedral,  with  a  bishop,  a  dean,  twelve  prebendaries, 
and  other  inferior  officers.  The  first  and  on\j  bishop 
was  Thomas  Thirlby,  then  Dean  of  the  Chapel  Eoyal, 
who  was  consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  Rochester, 
and  Bedford  on  the  19th  of  the  same  month  in  Henry  VII. 's 
Chapel.  The  new  bishopric,  however,  was  but  of  short 
duration;  for  on  the  20th  of  March,  1550,  Bishop  Thirlby, 
on  his  translation  to  Xorwich  in  that  year,  was  required 
to  surrender  it  to  Edward  VI.  Part  of  the  possessions 
of  St.  Peter's  Cathedral  (the  collegiate  title  of  West- 
minster Abbey)  were  appropriated  to  the  repairs  of  St. 
Paul's  Cathedral,  -svhence  arose  the  proverb  of  "  robbing 
Peter  to  pay  Paul." 

The  suffragan  bishops  appointed  by  the  Act  of 
26  Henrj-  VIII.  1531,  although  consecrated  in  the  same 
manner  as  other  bishops,  had  a  more  limited  jurisdiction, 
and  resembled  the  Cliorepiscnjn  of  the  primitive  church. 
They  were  not  allowed  to  perform  any  duties  properly 
episcopal  without  the  consent  of  the  bishop  of  the  city  in 
■whose  diocese  they  were  placed  and  constituted,  'f  he 
-several  towns  selected  for  suffragans  by  the  aforesaid 
Act  of  Henry  VIII.  were  Thetford,  Ipswich,  Colchester, 
Dover,  Guildford,  Southampton,  Taunton,  Shaftesbury, 
Molton,  Marlborough,  Bedford,  Leicester,  Gloucester, 
Shrewsbury,  Bristol,  Penrith,  Bridgewater,  Nottingham, 
Grantham,  Hull,  Huntingdon,  Cambridge,  Pereth,  Ber- 
wick, St.  Germains  in  Cornwall,  and  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
Though  there  was  no  distinct  revenue  provided  for  these 
rural  bishops  by  the  Act  of  Henry  VIII.,  they  possessed 
a  handsome  maintenance,  being  commonly  dignitaries  of 
the  church,  with  well-endowed  cures.  Thus  Dr.  Richard 
Rogers,  the  last  suffragan  of  Dover,  was  Dean  of  Canter- 
buiy,  Master  of  Eastbridge  Hospital,  and  Rector  of  Chart 
Magna.    The  last  suffragan  (if  we  except  those  of  the 


Nonjuring  communion)  was  John  Sterne,  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Colchester  in  1592.  Our  correspondent  may 
consult  Some  Account  of  Suffragan  Bisliops  in  England, 
Lond.  1785,  4to,  in  Bibliotheca  Topogyaphlca  Britannica, 
vol.  vi.,  and  "  X.  &  Q."  2"^  S.  ii.  1-3.1 

LiTTLEBTJRY,  CO.  EssEX. — Where  can  I  find  the 
best  account  of  this  parish,  and  particularly  of 
its  church  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity  ? 

J.  A.  Pk. 

[Some  brief  notices  of  Littlebury  may  be  found  in 
Jlorant's  Essex,  ii.  594,  and  in  White's  History  of  Essex, 
p.  616  ;  but  the  best  account  of  this  parish  known  to  us 
is  contained  in  Wright's  History  of  Essex,  ii.  177-180. 
Henrj-  Winstanlej"-,  the  architect  of  the  first  Eddystone 
light-house,  erected  a  curious  house  for  himself  at  this 
place.] 

RlCHAPvD  I. — In  Gilbert's  Clergyman'' s  Almanack 
for  this  year  it  is  stated  in  a  foot-note  to  the  Index 
List  of  the  Kings  and  Queens  of  England,  that 
Richard  I.'s  body  was  buried  at  Fontevrault,  his 
head  at  Rouen,  and  his  heart  at  Charron,  agree- 
ably to  his  own  directions.  Not  being  able  to 
find  anj'  notice  of  this  fact  in  the  Histories  of 
England  (of  which  I  have  several),  nor  the  locality 
of  such  a  place  as  "  Charron  "  on  any  of  the  maps, 
I  wrote  to  Mr.  Gilbert  on  the  subject,  who  re- 
ferred me  to  the  Rev.  H.  Rhodes,  of  Abington 
Lodge,  Tunbridge  Wells,  the  gentleman  who 
edited  the  Clergyman  s  Almanadc  for  this  j'ear. 
From  him  I  received  a  polite  communication  stat- 
ing that,  from  all  he  could  make  out,  Richard's 
body  was  not  decapitated  at  all,  but  that  his  body 
was  buried  at  Fontevrault,  and  his  heart  at  Rouen. 
As  I  have  a  partictilar  reason  for  wishing  to  as- 
certain the  truth  accurately,  I  shall  feel  greatly 
obliged  to  any  of  your  correspondents  who  can 
throw  any  light  upon  the  matter,  and  especially 
who  can  inform  me  where  "Charron"  is;  for  J 
can  find  no  such  place,  and  half  suspect  that  it 
has  been  mistaken  for  "  Chinon." 

William  Hildyaed. 

2,  Audley  End  Road,  Saffron  Walden. 

[Beneath  the  walls  of  the  castle  of  Chalus-Chabrol 
Richard  I.  —  the  tamer  of  the  infidel,  and  hero  of  the 
crusades, — received  his  death-wound  from  the  arrow  of  a 
youth  named  Bertraud  de  Guerdon.  With  his  dying- 
breath  the  Coeur  de  Lion  directed  that  his  body  should  be 
transported  to  Fontevrault,  and  there  deposited,  in  tol^en 
of  penitence  for  his  past  conduct  and  want  of  filial  afi'ec- 
tion,  at  the  feet  of  his  father  Henrj'  II.  His  brain,  his  blood, 
and  his  viscera,  he  bequeathed  to  the  Poitevins,  being, 
as  some  chroniclers  have  represented  it,  the  less  worthy 
portion  of  his  remains,  in  remembrance  of  their  treacher- 
ous conduct  towards  him  in  times  past ;  and  these  relics 
appear  to  have  been  interred  at  Charroux  (not  Charron), 
the  first  town  in  Poitou  that  lay  in  the  course  which  the 
funeral  convoy  would  probably  take,  in  proceeding  to- 


S"-*  S.  XI.  Makch  30,  'e?.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


259 


■wards  Fontevrault  from  the  Limosin.  At  the  end  of 
the  Itlnerarium  Regis  Ricardi  in  Terrain  sanctam,  written 
by  Geoffrey  Vinisauf,  are  some  Latin  verses,  which  in 
Gale's  edition  are  attributed  to  the  author  of  the  Chro- 
nicle. (Hist.  Angl.  Script,  ii.  433.)  In  a  MS.  of  this 
Itinerary,  preserved  in  the  British  Museum  (Cott.  MS. 
Faust.  A.  VII.),  a  disticli,  which  occurs  among  the  verses 
printed  by  Gale,  is  thus  given  — 

"Epitaphium  ejusdem  (Regis  Ricardi)  ubi  viscera  ejus 
requiescunt 
Yiscera  Kareolum,*  corpus  Fons  Ebraldi,t 
Set  cor  Rothomagus,  magne  Ricarde,  tuum." 
This  inscription  is,  Avith  some  variations,  given  by 
Brompton,  Decern   Scriptores,  col.    1280 ;    Otterbourne, 
Chron.  Regum  Angl.  i.  73,  ed.  Hearne ;  and  in  Camden's 
Britannia  by  Gough,  i.  288.     It  is  also  quoted  in  Petti- 
grew's  Chronicles    of  the  Tombs,  p.  252,  with  the  follow- 
ing translation  :  — 

"  His  entrails  given  to  Poictou, 
Lie  buried  near  to  Fort  Chalus  ; 
His  body  lies  entombed  belov.', 
A  marble  slab  at  Font-Evraud ; 
And  Neustria  thou  hast  thy  part, 
The  unconquerable  hero's  heart,"  &c. 
Last  of  aU,  in  testimony  of  his  special  regard,  Richard 
bequeathed  to  the    canons  of  Rouen  his  heart,  accord- 
ing to  the  Chronicle  of  Xormandy,  "  en  remembrance 
d'amour  "  :  — 

"  His  herte  inuyncible  to  Roan  he  sent  full  mete. 
For  their  great  truth,  and  stedfast  great  constaunce." 
Hardyng,  3Ietrical  Chronicle. 
For  an  interesting  description  by  Albert  Way  of  the 
exhumation  of  the  heart  of  Richard  I.  see  the  Archaolo- 
gia,  xxix.  210,  where  maybe  found  a  copy  of  the  inscrip- 
tion identifying  it  as  the  heart  of  Richard,  and  likewise 
an  account  of  the  discovery  of  a  fine  portrait-statue 
raised  by  the  men  of  Rouen  to  the  memory  of  their  be- 
loved hero.  A  description  of  this  statue  is  also  given  in 
T/(e  Socages  and  the  Vines,  by  Miss  L.  S.  Costello.  It 
is  gratifying  to  learn,  that  not  only  the  statue  of  the 
Coeur  de  Lion,  but  also  those  of  Henry  II.,  Eleanor  of 
Guienne,  his  queen,  and  Isabelle  d'Angouleme,  widow 
of  King  John,  now  in  the  Abbey  of  Fontevrault,  will 
soon  probably  find  a  last  resting-place  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  It  was  announced  by  Lord  Stanley  in  the  House 
of  Commons  on  the  7th  instant,  that  the  present  French 
Emperor,  with  that  courtesy  which  he  has  invariabty 
shown  where  this  country  is  concerned,  wrote  a  letter  to 
the  Queen  offering  these  statues  of  the  Plantageuets  to 
England.  ] 

Keys  :  Taxiaxi.  —  The  House  of  Keys  in  the 
Isle  of  Man  forms  the  lower  branch  of  the  legis- 
lature, and  is  composed  of  twenty-four  members. 
Why  are  they  called  "Iveys"?  What  is  the 
origin  of  the  term  as  applied  to  men  ?     Are  there 

*  Other  readings,  Kai-dolum,  Carleolum. 
t  "Or,  Ebraudi. 


any  instances  of  a  similar  use  of  the  term  in  other 
countries  ?  The  institution  is  a  Scandinavian  one, 
and  the  twenty-four  keys  were  in  ancient  times 
called  ''  Taxiaxi."  What  is  this  appellation  de- 
rived from,  and  what  does  it  mean  ?  C.  T. 

[Bishop  Wilson,  in  his  concise  description  of  the  Isle  of 
Man,  supposes  the  name  of  the  twenty-four  Keys  to  be 
derived  from  their  oflSce  of  unlocking  the  difficulties  of 
the  law.  But  this  forced  signification  has  been  given  up 
by  later  antiquaries.  "  The  name  of  the  assembly,  as 
derived  from  the  Manks  language,  or  from  the  Scottish 
or  Irish  Gaelic,  distinctly  signifies  either  the  house  of 
j)leas  or  the  house  of  taxes.  The  Manx,  in  writing  their 
dialect  of  the  Celtic,  give  t'ne  letters  the  same  power  as 
the  English  do  :  thus  keesh,  in  Manks  signifying  '  tax,' 
is  pronounced  keys,  as  shown  in  the  Manks  version  of 
Matthew  xxii.  17  :  '  Vel  eh  lowal  heesh  y  eeck  da  Cesar  ? ' 
'  Is  it  lawful  to  give  tribute  to  Cresar  ?  ' "  (Train's  His- 
torical Account  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  2  vols.  8vo,  1845,  vol.  ii. 
p.  197.)  .        _ 

On  the  derivation  and  meaning  of  Taxiaxi,  Mr.  Train 
remarks  :  "  From  the  similarity  of  sound  betwixt  the  pro- 
nunciation of  taxiaxi  and  teagsag,  an  old  Irish  word, 
Dr.  Campbell  implies  that  it  means  '  elders '  or  '  sena- 
tors.' Another  writer  supposes  taxiaxi  to  be  a  corrup- 
tion of  the  Manks  word  taisgi-acci, '  a  guardian  of  pro- 
perty.' But  the  Gaelic  orthography  of  taxiaxi  is  taga-asihh, 
which  signifies  '  a  selection  from  the  people,'  and  hence 
many  writers  infer  that,  like  the  duinne-tagn  of  the  an- 
cient Irish,  the  persons  thus  selected  were  pledges  or 
hostages  taken  both  from  Man  and  the  Out  Isles,  to 
secure  the  allegiance  of  the  people,  till  the  dynasty  of  the 
Conqueror  became  firmlj'  seated  on  the  throne  of  the 
kingdom  of  Man."  Again,  in  Sachevcrell's  Account  of 
the  Isle  of  Man,  edit.  1859,  the  editor.  Rev.  J.  G.  Gum- 
ming, saj's,  "  The  taxiaxi  were  so  called  either  from  teaga- 
sago,  elders,  or  taicse-aicse,  trespass  pledges."] 

PEiifCESS  A:»iELiA. — Princess  Amelia,  daughter 
of  George  II.,  is  recorded  as  dying  an  old  maid  ; 
but  report  alludes  to  her  having  contracted  a  pri- 
vate marriage  with  an  English  peer.  Is  there 
any  information  to  be  obtained  respecting  her  sup- 
posed marriage?  Sebastian". 

[Horace  Walpole  has  the  following  notices  of  this 
court  scandal.  He  tells  us  that  "Princess  Amelia  was 
well  disposed  to  meddle,  but  was  confined  to  receiving 
court  from  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  who  pretended  to  be 
in  love  Avith  her,  and  from  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  in  Avhosc 
connection  there  was  more  reality'."  (Reminiscences.) 
Again,  in  his  Memoirs  of  George  the  Second,  ed.  1822, 
i.  158,  we  read,  "  Grafton  thinking  to  honour  Newcastle 
enough  by  letting  him  act  under  him,  said  at  last  in  a 
great  passion  to  t'other  Duke,  '  My  Lord,  sole  minister  I 
am  not  capable  of  being  ;  first  minister,  by  G — d,  I  will 
be.'  The  foundation  of  either's  hopes  lay  in  their  credit 
with  Princess  Amelia,  who  was  suspected  of  having  been 
as  kind  to  Grafton's  love  as  she  would  have  been  unkind 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.  Lb^^  s.  xi.  march  so,  '67. 


in  yielding  to  Newcastle's,  who  made  exceeding  bustle 
about  her,  but  was  always  bad  at  executing  all  busi- 
ness."] 

GoRDOif  Family  and  Clan.— The  writer  will 
be  much  obliged  for  the  titles  of  any  works  or 
MSS.  treating  of  the  genealogical  and  personal 
history  of  the  Gordons.  X.  C. 

[The  following  may  be  consulted  :  (1.)  "The  History 
of  the  Ancient,  Noble,  and  Illustrious  Family  of  Gordon, 
from  their  First  Arrival  in  Scotland,  in  Malcolm  the 
Third's  Time,  to  the  Tear  1690.  By  William  Gordon.  2 
vols.  8vo,  1726."  (2.)  "  A  Concise  History  of  the  Ancient 
and  Illustrious  House  of  Gordon.  By  C.  A.  Gordon. 
Aberdeen,  12mo,  1754.  Privately  printed."  (3.)  "  A  Ge- 
nealogical History  of  the  Earldom  of  Sutherland,  from  its 
Origin  to  the  Year  1630.  Written  by  Sir  Robert  Gordon 
of  Gordonstone,  Bart.  With  a  Continuation  to  the  Year 
1651.  Fol.  1813."  (4.)  Deuchar's  "  Genealogical  Collec- 
tions relative  to  the  Family  of  Gordon."  (5.)  For  the 
claim  of  Sir  Charles  Gordon  to  the  Earldom  of  Suther- 
land, see  Sessiojial  Papers,  Dec.  1767 — Jan.  1768.  Con- 
sult also  "  N.  &  Q."  2"'!  S.  ii.  344 ;  iii.  118 ;  vii.  418  ;  x. 
90 ;  xii.  308  ;  3"^  S.  vi.  349  ;  Anderson's  Scottish  Nation, 
ii.  316-328,  and  Douglas's  Peerage,  by  Wood. 

We  suspect  there  is  still  much  to  be  collected  about 
the  Lowland  branches  of  this  family.  The  name  is 
common  among  the  Yetholm  gipsies.  Two  of  these 
being  convicted  of  murder,  obtained  their  pardon  through 
the  interest  of  the  famous  Duchess  of  Gordon,  which 
drew  from  Lord  Braxfield  the  well-known  observation, 
"  It  is  hard  we  cannot  get  a  scoundrel  hanged,  however 
richly  he  may  deserve  it,  without  some  foolish  woman 
interfering."  There  is  a  good  deal  of  information  as  to 
these  gipsy  Gordons  in  the  notes  to  Scott's  Guij  Man- 
nering,  or  rather  in  his  Introduction  to  it,  in  the  later 
editions  of  his  novels.  For  anecdotes  of  Jean  Gordon, 
the  prototype  of  the  character  of  Meg  Merrilees,  see 
Blackwood's  Edinburgh  Magazine,  i.  54,  161,  618;  and 
the  Memoir  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Baird,  Minister  of 
Yetholm,  by  Wm.  Baird,  M.D.,  8vo,  1862,  pp.  20-24.J 

Joseph  Ashbt  Fillinham. — I  shall  feel  very 
much  obliged  to  any  reader  of  "N.  &  Q."  who 
will  kindly  furnish  me  with  any  biographical 
particulars  respecting  the  late  Mr.  John  Joseph 
Ashby  Fillinham,F.S.A.  of  Hanover  Street,  Wal- 
worth, who  died  May  16,  1862,  aged  seventy- 
seven,  and  whose  curious  literary  and  antiquarian 
collections  relating  to  the  history,  antiquities, 
manners,  and  customs  of  London  and  the  suburbs 
were  dispersed  by  Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson,  of 
47,  Leicester  Square,  in  August,  1862.  I  am  de- 
sirous of  knowing  if  he  was  related  to  the  Mr. 
William  Fillingham,  a  portion  of  whose  library, 
consisting  of  old  quarto  plays  and  early  English 
poetry,  was  sold  by  Messrs.  Leigh  &  S.  Sotheby, 
of  145,  Strand,  in  April,  1805 ;  and  whether  his 
collections  were  commenced  by  his  father,  as  I  find 


in  the  catalogue  of  the  sale  in  1862 :  "  Lot  353, 
Bartholomew  Fair,  MS.  Account  by  Mr.  Fillin- 
ham,  list  of  Shows  and  Stalls  in  the  year  1790  ; " 
and  if  his  extraordinary  collections  relating  to 
Aerostation,  Bartholomew  Fair,  Vauxhall  Gardens, 
&c.  &c.  were  formed  by  himself,  or  purchases 
made  at  sales.  I  should  also  be  glad  to  know  if 
any  portraits  have  been  published  of  the  late  Mr. 
FiUiuham.  W.  D. 

Kennington,  Surrey. 

[John  Joseph  Ashby  Fillinham,  late  of  No,  8,  Han- 
over Street,  Walworth,  was  born  on  May  15,  1785,  and 
died  on  May  15, 1862.  He  was  formerlj--  connected  with 
the  Surrey  Water-works,  and  retired  on  a  pension. 
His  duties  whilst  engaged  in  business  afforded  him  many 
facilities  for  acquiring  literary  and  topographical  rarities, 
which  were  classified  by  the  late  Richard  Thomson,  Esq., 
of  the  London  Institution.  Those  relating  to  the  metro- 
politan places  of  amusement,  such  as  Bartholomew  Fair, 
Sadler's  Wells,  Vauxhall,  and  Marylebone  Gardens,  &c., 
were  singularly  curious,  and  some  of  the  highest  degree  of 
rarity.  During  his  life  he  presented  to  the  British  Mu- 
seum his  remarkable  collection  of  playing-cards,  and  to 
the  Library  of  the  Corporation  of  London  his  omnium 
gatherum  relating  to  the  topography  and  antiquity  of  the 
famed  city,  which  has  since  been  classified  and  arranged 
in  thirteen  volumes  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Overall,  the  librarian. 
Emma  Lyon,  of  Merton,  spinster,  and  George  Lyon,  of 
No.  3,  Spencer  Street,  Church  Road,  Battersea,  his  natural 
and  lawful  cousins,  administered  to  his  eifects. 

It  does  not  appear  that  there  was  any  relationship  be- 
tween the  above  and  that  valuable  and  intelligent  j'oung 
man,  William  Fillingham,  Esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  who 
died  in  India  in  1807,  whither  he  had  gone  endeavouring  to 
fly  from  family  uneasiness,  occasioned  however  by  no  mis- 
conduct of  Ms  own.  What  renders  his  fate  still  more  to 
be  lamented  was,  the  decease  of  his  father  a  few  months 
previous  to  his  own,  by  which  he  would  have  inherited 
considerable  property.  The  friends  of  literature  then  had 
to  mourn  the  loss  of  one  of  their  best  associates  and  their 
warmest  admirers.  Had  he  lived,  in  all  probability  the 
world  might  have  been  benefited  by  his  researches  in  the 
Eastern  part  of  the  globe,  few  persons  being  more  able  to 
undertake  with  spirit  and  judgment,  or  to  execute  with 
taste  and  fidelity,  such  a  task.  Previous  to  his  leaving 
England  he  formed  and  printed  an  Index  to  Warton's 
History  of  English  Poetry,  which  was  afterwards  pub- 
lished by  Lackington  and  Allen.  Mr.  Fillingham's 
select  library,  consisting  of  Old  Quarto  Plays,  Early 
English  Poetry,  and  Scarce  Tracts,  was  dispersed  by 
Leigh  &  Sotheby  in  April,  1805,  before  his  departure  for 
India.] 


3rd  S.  XI.  March  i 


'67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


261 


LORD  DREGHORN. 

(S'^  S.  X.  503.) 

Permit  me  to  correct  J.  O.  ia  his  designation  of 
this  learned  judge,  who  was  a  Lord  of  Session, 
and  took,  as  is  the  custom  in  Scotland,  the  title 
of  Dreghom  —  an  estate  of  that  name  which, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  last  century,  he- 
longed  to  a  family  of  the  name  of  Pitcairu.  From 
the  "Historical  Account  of  the  Senators  of  the 
College,"  he  does  not  appear  ever  to  have  been  a 
"Justiciary  Judge."  He  was  a  son  of  Colin  Mac- 
laurin,  a  celebrated  mathematician  and  Professor 
of  Mathematics  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh ; 
and,  after  a  very  successful  practice  at  the  Scotish 
bar,  was  raised  to  the  bench  on  January  17,  1788. 
He  died  at  Edinburgh,  December  24,  1796,  His 
son  Colin  was  a  member  of  the  Faculty  of  Advo- 
cates, but,  from  the  uncertain  state  of  his  health, 
was  unable  to  practise.  He  was  a  very  well 
informed  gentleman,  had  received  a  good  educa- 
tion, and  was,  like  his  father,  a  votaiy  of  the 
Muses.  He  died  some  years  since.  He  had  at 
least  one  unmanied  sister,  a  lady  of  eccentric 
habits,  who,  I  believe,  did  not  long  survive  her 
brother.  The  estate  of  Dreghorn  was  sold,  and 
became  the  property  of  Alexander  Trotter,  Esq., 
who  derived  a  temporary  notoriety  from  his  con- 
nection with  the  injudicious  impeachment  of  the 
first  Lord  Viscount  Melville — a  nobleman  who 
benefited  Scotland  much  more  than  any  previous 
or  subsequent  minister  having  the  patronage  of 
that  portion  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

Lord  Dreghorn  was  undoubtedly  the  author  of 
the  Kcekiad—SL  mock-heroic  poem  founded  on 
fact,  the  hero  of  which  was  a  respectable  tailor  in 
Edinburgh  of  the  name  of  Jollie.  The  plot,  of 
necessity,  limited  the  circulation  to  a  few  copies 
privately  printed. 

The  Keekiad  was  reprinted  in  1824,  in  8vo, 
by  David  Webster — a  remarkable  character,  who 
kept  an  old  book-shop  in  Edinburgh,  and  was 
greatly  patronised  by  the  late  Archibald  Con- 
stable, Principal  Lee,  aud  Sir  Walter  Scott,  who 
acquired  through  him  many  of  the  curious  works 
that  enriched  their  libraries.  This  reprint  is  now 
as  rare  as  the  original  small  4to. 

Lord  Dreghorn  published  anonymously,  in  1759, 
Observations  on  some  Points  of  Law,  with  a  Si/ste7n 
of  the  Judicial  Law  of  Moses.  * 

The  Philosophei-^ s  Opera  consists  of  twenty-three 
pages.  It  possesses  much  wit,  and  satirizes  both 
the  Homes ;  that  is  to  say,  David  Hume  or  Home, 
the  philosopher  and  historian,  who  in  the  list  of 
the  dramatis  personcs  is  designated  Mr.  Genius, 

*  Historical  account  bvHaig  and  Brunton,  Edinburgh, 
1832,  8vo,  p.  538. 


and  John  Home  (the  author  of  Douglas)  as 
Jacky.  Satan  is  the  hero,  and  the  particular 
friend  of  the  philosopher  as  well  as  the  great 
patron  of  the  dramatic  author.  He  is  assisted  by 
Sulphureo  and  ApoUyon,  two  imps  of  Pande- 
monium. "  IVIrs.  Sarah  Presbytery,  relict  of  Mr. 
John  Calvin,"  is  the  heroine ;  and,  ultimately, 
gives  her  hand  to  Mr.  Genius,  who  thereupon 
swears  "  never  more  to  write  essays,  discourses, 
histories,  or  dissertations,  but  to  make"  her  "en- 
tertainment, the  whole  study  of  my  life." 

Sulphureo's  description  of  Edinburgh  in  1757 
is  given  in  a  ballad  to  be  sung  to  the  tune  of  "On 
ev'ry  hill,  in  ev'ry  grove,"  and  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  In  ev'ry  street,  in  ev'ry  lane, 
In  ev'ry  narrow  slippery  close, 
Nothing  but  filth  is  to  be  seen  : 
In  all  of  them  I  stop'd  ray  nose. 
And  ev'rj'  thing  about  it  shows 
It  is  a  spacious  little-house. 

"  'Tis  not  the  clouds  of  smoke  alone 

Which  mount,  when  cookmaids  dinner  dress, 
But  'tis  the  manners  of  the  town, 
Which  must  oblige  you  to  confess 
(Forgiving  your  Sulphureo's  mirth) 
Auld  Reeky  is  a  hell  on  earth." 

The  Scotch  judges  of  the  last  century  were 
usually  of  that  class  of  men  so  admirably  por- 
trayed in  Guy  3Iannerinff,  where  Sir  Walter  Scott 
introduces  to  his  readers  Andrew  Crosbie,  Esq., 
under  the  pseudonym  of  Counsellor  Pleydell, 
The  barristers  of  that  period  were  uniformly  ex- 
cellent scholars  and  gentlemen  of  cultivated 
minds,  albeit  not  free  from  those  irregularities 
which  were  the  fault  of  their  time.  As  lawyers 
they  have  never  been  excelled,  as  the  still  existing 
printed  arguments  under  their  hand  sufiiciently 
instruct.  Oral  pleadings,  borrowed  from  the 
South,  have  now  superseded  written  ones,  to  the 
material  detriment  of  the  law  of  Scotland ;  for, 
by  some  strange  fancy,  printed  and  precise  rea- 
soning has  been  discarded  for  oral  and  desultory 
declamation.  Many  of  the  papers  written  by 
Maclaurin  before  his  elevation  are  preserved  in 
the  library  of  the  Faculty  of  Advocates,  and 
sufficiently  attest  his  legal  qualifications.  When 
his  friend  Robert  Cullen  (afterwards  Lord  Cul- 
len)  received  a  presentation  copy  of  the  Keekiad, 
he  wrote  upon  it  an  epigram  of  a  somewhat  pun- 
gent description :  — 

"  While  old  Maclaurin  viewed  the  stars, 
And  great  renown  he  had. 
The  young  Maclaurin  ****** 
And  wrote  the  Keekiad." 

The  reader  may  fill  up  the  hiatus  according  to 
his  fancy;  but  the  cotemporary  authority  of 
Cullen  is  direct  evidence  of  i\laclaurin"s  author- 
ship. J.  M. 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  March  30,  '67 


rUXXlXG  MOTTOES. 
(.S'O  S.  xi.  32,  145.) 

I  venture  to  oflFer  a  contribution  to  your  cor-  I 
respondents'  lists  of  punning  mottoes,  the  majority  ' 
of  which  are  to  be  found  among  those  assumed  by  , 
the  baronets  and  knights  of  the  United  Ivingdom.  ; 
That   of    Sir  E.   Poore,    of  Rushall,   Wilts,   is, 
'•Pauper,  non  in  spe";  Sir  D.  Cooper  (Sydney),  | 
<'  Couper  fait  grandir  "  ;  Sir  W.  Grace,  of  Grace 
Castle,  '•'  En  grace  affie " ;  "  Concordant  nomine 
facta";  Sir  F.  Vincent,  of  Debden  Hall,  "Yin-  ; 
centi  dabitur  "  ;  Sir  M.  Cave,  of  Stanton,  "  Gar- 
dez";  Sir  J.  K.  James,  of  Dublin  (crest  motto), 
••'A  Jamais;"'    Sir  W.  James,  of  Langley  Hall, 
*'  J'aime  a  jamais  " ;  Sir  H.  W.  Wake,  of  Coiu-teen-  ; 
hall,  "  A'igila  et  ora  ;  "  Sir  C.  Isham,  of  Lamport  : 
(crest  motto),  "Ostendo,  non  ostendo'" — I  show, 
I  sham  not ;  Sir  Yere  E.  de  Yere,  of  Curragh,  j 
''  Vero  nil  verius "  ;   the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Sir  J.  j 
Dymoke,  of  Scrivelsby  Court,  '■  Pro  rege  dimico"  ;  \ 
Sir  J.  Wright,  of  Georgia,    ''•  Mens  sibi  conscia  i 
recti"  ;  Sir'E.  S}mge,  of^Lislee  Court,  '•  Ccelestia  j 
canimus";    Sir    W.   Palmer,    of    Kenure   Park,  ; 
"  Sic  bene  merenti  palma  "  ;  Sir  D.  Y.  Ptoche,  of 
Carass,  "  Dieu  est  ma  roche  '" ;  Sir  J.  H.  Preston, 
of  Beeston  St.  Lawrence,   "Pristinum  spero  lu- 
men"; Sir  A.  C.   Weldon,  of  Queen's  County, 
"  Bene  factum." 

To  the  above  may  be  added  perhaps  the  fol- 
lowing :  That  of  Sir  R.  H.  Bateson,  whose  heraldic 
chai'ges  are  bats'  wings,  is,  "  Xocte  volamus  " ; 
Sir  X.  M.  Lockart,  "Corda  serata  pando"  —  I 
open  locked  hearts;  Sir  John  Forrest,  "Yivunt 
dum  virent "  ;  Sir  John  Pole,  of  Shute  House, 
Devon,  "  Pollet  virtus'';  Sir  A.  Y.  Spearman,  of 
Hanwell,  '•  Dum  spiro  spero " ;  Sir  T.  A.  Con- 
stable, "  Semper  paratus." 

Peerage  puns  are  in  a  dignified  minority :  D. 
of  Devonshire  (Cavendish).  "  Cavendo  tutus  " ; 
Baron  Lyons,  ''  Noli  irritare  leoues "  ;  D.  of 
Buckingham  (Temple),  "Templa  quam  dilecta  "  ; 
E.  of  Ellenborough  (Law),  "  ComposiLum  jus 
fasque  animi '' :  B.  Monteagle,  "  Alte  fert  aquila ;  " 
E.  of  Enniskillen  (Cole),  ^' Deum  cole,"  &c.; 
E.  of  Abergavenny  (Xevill),  "  Xe  vile  velis  " ; 
B.  Ashburton  (Baring),  "  Yirtus  iu  Arduis." 

F.  Phillott. 


meum " ;  Dj-moke,  the  hereditary  Champion, 
"Pro  rege  dimico;"  Wake,  "Yigile  et  era"; 
Foote,  "  Pedetentim  "  ;  Wise,  "  Sapere  aude  " ; 
Yincent,  "  "\^incenti  dabitur " ;  Yowe,  "  Yows 
should  be  respected";  "Doughty,  "Palma  non 
sine  pulvere  "  ;  Pares,  ''  Pares  cum  paribus  " ; 
Were,  "Fuimus;"  Burrell,  "  Adh^ereo,"  (the 
crest  is  an  arm  armed,  holding  a  bunch  of  burr- 
dock)  ;  Perceval,  "Per  se  valens";  Trotter, 
'•  Festina  lente  "  ;  Holme,  "  Holme  semper  viret " ; 
Swettenham,  "Ex  sudore  vultus"  (the  arms  are, 
on  a  bend,  three  spades)  ;  Roche,  "  Mon  Dieu  est 
ma  roche":  Xicolas,  "  vikoJ  Aaos  " ;  AEeadows,  "Mea 
dos  Airtus  "  ;  Hunter,  "  Cursum  perficio  "  ;  Lord 
Hawke,  "  Sti-ike  "  ;  Ruggles-Brise,  '•  Struggle  "  ; 
Grace,  "  Concordant  nomine  facta,"  and  "  En  grace 
ai£e " ;  James,  "J'aime  a  jamais":  Homan, 
'<  Homo  sum."  H.  P.  D. 


A  Herefordshire  family  named  Weare  have  for 
their  motto :  "  Sumus  ubi  fuimus  " — "  We  are 
where  we  were." 

A  family  in  the  West  of  England,  of  lately  ac- 
quired wealth,  named  Tuclcer,  assumed  the  motto 
"  Xil  desperandum  Teefcv-o  duce."     '  Safa. 

Army  and  Xa\^'  Chib. 


From  a  collection  of  punning  mottoes  I  select  a 
few  of  the  best,  which  have  not  alreadv  appeared 
in"X.  &Q.":  — 

Earl  of  Abergavenny  (Xeville),  "  Xe  vile  velis  " ; 
Duke  of  Buckingham  (Temple),  "  Templa  quam 
dilecta!"  Earl  Zilanvers  (Pierrepont),  "Pie  re- 
pone  te  " ;  Earl  of  Enniskillen  (Cole),  "  Deum  cole, 
regem  serva  "  ;  Yiscount  Mayuard,  "  Manus  justa 
nardus  "  ;  Heron,  "  Ardua  petit  ardea  " ;  Synge, 
"Coelestia  canimus"  ;  Wood,  "Tutus  in  undis"  ; 
another  family  of  the  same  name,  "  Deus  robur 


The  following  is  too  good  to  be  lost  in  the  semi- 
obscurity  of  a  West-Highland  newspaper.  TJie 
Argyllshire  Herald  for  IMarch  2,  1867,  gives  an 
account  of  a  soiree  and  ball  given  by  the  Artillery 
Yolunteers  at  the  Xew  Town  Hall,  Campbelton. 
Colonel  Stewart  made  an  excellent  speech,  in 
which  he  gave  some  amusing  reminiscences  of  the 
Campbelton  of  his  youth  :  — 

"  I  remember,"  he  said,  "  when  the  late  Bailie  Mackay 
built  a  verv  large  house  in  this  same  street.  The  bailie, 
■ivorthy  mau,  placed  his  crest  and  motto  conspicuously  in 
front. '  This  attracted  the  notice  of  an  old  man.passing, 
who  halted,  and,  deliberate!}^  spelling  out  the  motto, 
manu  forte,  exclaimed,  'A  man  o'  forty!  Gude  forgie 
him !    I  ken'd  him  saxty  years  ago  ! '  " 

CriHBERT  BeDE. 


TACAMAIIAC. 
(3''i  S.  xi.  104.) 

Tacamahac  was  not  Imown  to  Dioscorides  or 
the  ancient  physicians,  and  appears  to  have  been 
originally  imported  into  Europe  from  North  Ame- 
rica bv  the  Spaniards,  who  learned  its  use  from 
the  Indians.  It  is  described  by  Monardes  in 
partix.  lib.  iv.  c.  ix.  of  his  work  on  the  substances 
obtained  from  the  West  Indies  which  serve  for 
use  in  medicine,  written  about  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  centurv;  and  in  Schroder's  Pharmaco- 
jjceia,  1672,  p.  743,  there  is  a  full  account  of  it  :— 

"  Eesina  est.  ex  iis,  qui  ex  nova  Hispaiiia  non  ita  pri- 
dem  adferri  cccperunt.    Colligitur  ex  vulaerata  arbore 


t  ■  3S-I-  ' 


3'"*  S.  XI.  Makch  30,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


263 


instar  populi  procera,  &c Usus  prtecipue  ex- 

ternus  est  ...  .  adeo  Celebris  est  apud  Indos  ut  ad  qua- 
lemcunque  dolorem  adhibeatur,  nee  aliud  remedium 
noiiiit,  modo  non  adsint  inflammationes  admodum  ca- 
lidse." 

In  James's  iVctv  English  Dispensaton/,  1747, 
p.  334,  we  find  it  described  as  having  "  a  very 
agreeable  smell,  resembling  lavender  and  angelica 

It  resolves  timiors,"  &c.     In  Quincy's 

Complete  English  Dispensatory^  1782,  p.  124,  be- 
sides the  ordinary  uses,  it  is  said  to  be  "  good  for 
hysterical  fits  in  women,  when  applied  to  the 
belly  in  the  form  of  a  plaster."  It  is  spoken 
highly  of  also  in  Duncan's  Edinburgh  Neiv  Dis- 
pensatory, 1804,  pp.  365,  371.  For  all  this,  how- 
ever, it  was  omitted  in  the  Dispensatory  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Physicians,  1751,  and  in  the 
London  Phai-mucoposia  of  1809 ;  and  neither  Dr. 
A.  T.  Thomson  nor  Pereira  refer  to  it  in  their 
works.  It  is  difficult  to  saj^  positively  from  what 
tree  the  balsam  was  originally  obtained,  because 
within  a  few  years  of  its  introduction  to  general 
use  it  appears  to  have  been  derived  from  various 
sources,  and  because  various  perfectly  distinct  sub- 
stances were  called  by  this  same  name.  D.  S.  L. 
will  find  information  on  this  head  in  the  botanical 
manuals  of  Henfrey  and  Balfour,  and  inEedwood's 
edition  of  Gray's  Supplemefnt  to  the  Pharmacopoeia; 
but,  on  the  whole,  the  Populus  halsamiftra  answers 
best  to  the  old  descriptions,  though  the  Populus 
nigra,  being  always  close  at  hand,  was  no  doubt 
often  substituted.  Our  forefathers  used  to  believe 
in  salves  and  balsams  to  a  degree  which  we  can 
now  scarcely  realise ;  and  Salmon  (1676)  in  his 
comment  on  Zwelfer's  Vulnerary  Balsam,  in  com- 
position very  similar  to  the  Balsam  of  Tacamahac, 
says,  "  It  is  a  most  excellent  thing  in  all  wounds, 
new  or  old,  although  among  the  nerves,  tendons, 
and  muscles."  Its  excellence  consisted  not  in  any 
inherent  healing  virtue,  but  in  its  mechanical 
power  of  excluding  air  and  dirt,  and  thus  allowing 
the  wound  to  heal  itself. 

James  Fowler,  F.S.A, 

Wakefield. 


The  proper  name  for  this  tree  is  Popidus  can- 
dicatis  or  Balsam  poplar.  It  was  common  in  all 
shrubberies  when  I  was  a  boy,  throwing  out  in 
early  spring  the  most  delicious  balsamic  odours 
from  the  gum  coating  of  the  leaf-buds.  We  used 
it  as  a  sovereign  remedy  for  cuts.  Like  all  the 
old  real  ornaments  of  our  shrubberies  and  gardens, 
it  seems  now  entirely  banished ;  I  have  not  seen 
one  for  years.  Few  of  the  bursting  delights  of 
spring  were  more  gladdening  than  the  rich  aroma- 
tic fragrance  with  which  it  filled  the  air  around. 

[  We  have  to  thank  many  other  correspondents  for  re- 
plies to  this  query.] 


SCOTCH  EECORDS. 

(3"»  S.  xi.  212.) 

On  an  address  from  the  House  of  Commons, 
presented  to  George  III.  praying  for  a  publication 
ot'  Scotch  records,  and  concluding  — 

"  We  beg  further  to  assure  your  Majesty  that  whatever 
extraordinary  expenses  may  be  incurred  by  the  directions 
which  3'our  Majesty  in  your  great  wisdom  shall  think  fit 
to  give  on  this  occasion,  shall  be  cheerfully  provided  for 
and  made  good  by  your  faithful  Commons," 

a  Royal  Commission  was  issued  on  May  23,  1806. 
Under  the  authority  of  this  Commission  and  the 
able  superintendence  of  the  late  Thomas  Thomson, 
Esq.,  Deputy  Clerk  Register,  there  appeared  ten 
volumes  of  the  Acts  of  Parliament,  commencing 
with  vol.  ii.,  one  volume  of  the  Register  of  the 
Great  Seal,  ending  at  the  commencement  of  the 
reign  of  James  I.,  and  three  volumes  of  the  Tn- 
questiones,  bringing  them  down  to  the  date  of  the 
Union.  These  were  completed  and  published 
about  the  year  1816.  Nothing  further  was  done 
till  1839,  when  there  appeared  two  volumes — 1st, 
the  Acts  of  the  Lords  Auditors,  and,  2nd,  those 
of  the  Lords  of  Council  in  Civil  Causes,  both 
terminating  at  the  close  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
Lastly,  there  was  published,  in  1844,  the  long 
wished-for  first  volume  of  the  Acts  of  Parliament, 
under  the  able  editorship  of  Cosmo  Innes,  Esq. ; 
and  from  that  year  till  very  recentlj^  nothing 
more  has  been  done  to  reproduce  the  Scotch 
records  except  by  private  enterprise ;  the  simple 
reason  being  that  the  House  of  Commons  did  not 
vote  the  necessary  funds. 

Since  (thanks  to  the  present  energetic  Master 
of  the  Rolls)  an  annual  sum  has  been  voted  in 
supply  towards  the  publication  of  the  English 
records,  a  similar  application  has  been  made  from 
Scotland,  and  a  vote  for  500/.  per  annum  now  ap- 
pears in  the  Estimates  for  the  publication  of  the 
archives  of  that  kingdom ;  and  this  sum  is  being 
judiciously  expended  under  the  superintendence  of 
Sir  W.  Gibson  Craig,  the  present  Lord  Register. 

The  records  in  the  Register  Ofiice  in  Edinburgh 
have  been  most  carefully  indexed,  whereby  their 
consultation  has  become  a  verj^  easy  matter. 

It  is,  however,  dilficult  for  a  Scotch  lawyer  to 
understand  Avhat  F.  means  by  ^vUls  recorded  in 
the  Sheriff  Court  Books.  A  will  or  testament  by 
itself  could  only  be  recorded  in  the  Register  of 
Probative  JFrifs,  for  preservation.  Can  he  be 
thinking  of  a  confirmation  (letters  of  administra- 
tion is  the  equivalent  English  term)  led  before 
the  commissary  of  the  district  —  an  ofiice  which 
has  now  become  consolidated  with  that  of  sheriff"? 
In  that  case,  where  a  will  existed,  a  copy  of  it 
would  be  enrolled  in  the  proceedings. 

As,  however,  a  will  in  Scotland  can  only  convey 
j)ersonal  property,  I  would  ask  if  the  publication 
of  these  records   would  be  worth  the  expense  ? 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  March  30,  '67. 


To  say  notliing  of  the  fact  that  the  wills  without 
the  accompanviug-  documents  would  be  of  com- 
paratively little  value,  and  still  more  of  the  fact 
that,  eveu  after  confirmation  of  the  executors,  a 
will  maj'  be  set  aside  by  the  operation  of  the  well- 
known  maxim  of  law,  si  sine  liheris  decesserit, 
which  in  Scotland  extends  to  other  cases  than 
that  of  a  posthumous  child. 

George  Vere  Irves^g. 


Much  valuable  and  highly  important  informa- 
tion respecting  the  state,  progress,  and  present 
condition  of  the  "  Public  Records  of  Scotland  " 
will  be  found  in  the  "Annual  Reports  of  the  j 
Deputy  Clerk  Register  of  Scotland,"  which  were 
drawn  up  and  issued  from  the  year  1807  to  that 
of  1864  inclusive  by  Thomas  Thomson  and  Wil- 
liam Pitt  Dundas.  Upon  examination  of  these, 
I  think  that  your  correspondent  F.  will  discover 
all  that  he  is  in  quest  of.  T.  G.  S. 


Early  Eis-glise  Text  Society  (3"^  S.  xi. 
2.32.) — As  being  one  who,  without  the  faintest 
prospect  of  any  reward  but  the  goodwill  of 
readers,  devote  more  than  half  my  time  to  en- 
deavouring to  prove  that  the  books  published  by 
this  Society  can  rival  any  ever  issued  in  accuracy 
.and.  value,  may  I  be  allowed  a  few  words  ?  I 
hope  that  none  will  be  induced  to  punish  all  the 
other  editors  because  one  of  the  number  may  have 
used  an  indiscreet  phrase  in  a  preface  ;  and  the 
more  so,  as  this  does  not  really  detract  from  the 
value  of  the  text  itself,  or  make  it  less  trust- 
worthy. It  is  always  most  discouraging  to  find 
that  any  cease  to  subscribe,  and  very  few  have 
ever  done  so ;  indeed,  the  number  of  subscribers 
in  1866  was  about  treble  of  that  in  1864.  But  it 
is  very  small  still  in  comparison  with  what  it 
soon  would  be,  if  the  general  accuracy  of  the 
texts  were  carefully  examined  into,  and  their  im- 
portance well  considered.  I  would  refer  all  who 
have  any  doubts  to  a  recent  article  in  the  Edin- 
huryh  Iteview ;  or  better  still,  and  fairer,  let  every 
one  who  has  any  regard  for  England  and  its 
wondrous  language  test  and  try  any  one  text  for 
himself.  Walter  W^  Skeat. 

Cambridge. 

The  Jews  (S'^  S.  xi.  235.)— 

"14«'  December,  1G.55.  Now  were  the  Jews  admitted." 
Evelyn's  Memoirs,  i.  297. 

It  was  either  December  14  or  18,  1655,  that 
the  last  conference  was  held  between  Cromwell 
and  his  great  law  officers  and  certain  divines, 
among  whom  were  Owen,  Manton,  and  numerous 
others,  to  whom  Hugh  Peters  is  to  be  added,  re- 
lating to  the  admission  of  the  Jews.  Cromwell 
heard  all  that  was  said,  but   expressed  himself 


very  guardedly.  The  meeting,  which  had  been  ad- 
journed three  times,  now  ended,  no  decision  being 
announced,  but  Cromwell  took  the  papers,  away 
with  him,  and  after  that  it  should  seem  the  Jews 
were  quietly  let  in. 

There  are  two  or  three  articles  in  Sir  Henry 
Ellis's  Catalogue  of  the  British  Museum  Library, 
under  the  head  of  "  Judfei,"  which  may  be  worth 
referring  to — namely  :  — 

"  The  Petition  of  the  Jews  for  the  Repeal  of  the  Act 
for  their  Banishment  out  of  England."    4to,  Lond.  1649. 

"  Proclamation  of  the  Return  of  the  .Jews,  and  of  the 
Building  of  the  Temple."     Fol.  Lond.  1650. 

"Answer  to  the  Objections  to  the  coming  of  the  Jews 
in  this  Commonwealth."    4to,  Lond.  1656. 

The  details  of  the  conferences,  through  their 
adjournments  to  the  time  I  have  spoken  of,  will 
be  found  in  the  newspapers  of  the  day,  especially 
in  the  Mercurius  Ptiblicm,  which  was  at  that  time 
Cromwell's  authentic  organ. 

The  republication  of  the  details  of  Cromwell's 
conference  I  am  sure  would  be  read  with  in- 
terest. H.  E. 

Dean  Milman,  in  his  Histori/  oftlie  Jews,  states 
that  in  1655  Mauasseh  Ben  Israel  presented  a 
petition  to  the  Protector  for  the  readmission  of 
his  countrj-men  to  the  realm,  and  issued  also  an 
address  to  the  Commonwealth  of  England.  That 
Cromwell  in  consequence  summoned  an  assembly 
of  lawyers,  citizens,  and  divines  to  consider  the 
question ;  that  the  lawyers  agreed  on  the  legality ; 
that  the  citizens  were  divided;  but  that  the  con- 
test among  the  divines  was  so  long  and  inconclu- 
sive that  the  Protector  adjourned  the  decision, 
and  that  nothing  was  settled  during  his  life.  That 
the  necessities  of  Charles  II.  and  his  courtiers 
made  the  Jews  convenient,  who,  without  any  spe- 
cial permission,  stole  insensibly  into  the  kingdom. 
(History  of  the  Jews,  iii.  378,  379,  _  ed.  1829.) 
The  inconclusive  resolutions  of  the  divines  maybe 
seen  in  Collier's  Ecclesiastical  History,  viii.  380, 
ed.  1852.  •  H.  P.  D. 

Pinkertok  Correspondence:  the  Two  Ro- 
bertsons (3^'i  S.  X.  387,  496 ;  xi.  80,  165,  240.)— 
I  regret  that  your  correspondent  J.  M.  appears 
not  to  have  seen  my  late  communications  (xi. 
165)  before  he  wrote  that  of  his  (xi.  240),  because 
he  would  then  have  discovered  that  I  allowed  that 
he  was  correct  as  to  which  of  the  George  Robert- 
sons had  been  the  correspondent  of  Pinkerton. 
But  J.  M.  appears  still  to  doubt  as  _  to  the 
"Ayrshire  George  Robertson"  having  written  on 
the  "  Ag-riculture  of  Kincardine,"  remarking,  '^If 
he  really  did  so,"  and  that  "  This  work  I  never 
saw."  Now,  in  vindication  of  myself,  I  may  be 
allowed  to  explain  that  copies  of  such  a  work,  as 
published  in  1808,  are  to  be  found  both  in  the 
"Advocates'  and  Signet  Libraries"  here  in  this 
city.     Moreover,  such  is  enumerated  in  the  List 


3rd  S.  XI.  March  30,  67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


of  his  worlrs  wHcli  is  prefixed  to  tTie  first  volume 
of  the  History  of  the  Ayrshire  Families,  as  issued 
in  1823.  In  Scotland  there  is  "Kincardine  in 
Monteith "  (Perthshire),  and  "  Kincardine,  or 
the  Mearns."  The  "Ayrshire  George"  left  the 
Mearns  "  in  1811,  on  his  appointment  to  the 
arduous  situation  of  factor,  or  land-steward,  to 
the  Right  Hon.  Hugh,  twelfth  Earl  of  Eglinton, 
over  his  extensive  estates  in  Avrshire,  &c." 

T.  G.  S. 
Edinburgh. 

Catholic  Peeiodicals  (S"""  S.  xi.  2,  29, 154.) 
I  must  own  that  my  principal  object  in  com- 
piling the  list  under  the  above  title  was,  to  pre- 
serve some  records  of  the  older  periodicals  now 
fast  going  into  oblivion.  Thus  1  may  not  have 
been  so  careful  in  recording  more  recent  ones  as 
seems  to  have  been  expected.  I  think,  however, 
that  Mk.  O'CavAjSTAGH  hardly  does  me  justice; 
for  some  credit  is  perhaps  due  to  a  record  of  many 
old  periodicals,  which  few  even  had  ever  heard  of. 
He  must  excuse  me  for  omitting  the  Catholic 
Pulpit,  which  being  exclusively  a  series  of  sermons 
coming  out  in  numbers,  did  not  come  under  the 
class  of  publications  contemplated.  I  willingly 
here  testify,  however,  to  its  excellence.  The  Rev. 
Ignatius  Collingridge  arranged  and  edited  the 
sermons,  and  was  the  author  of  some  of  them. 
Others  were  the  compositions  of  other  divines  of 
Lisbon  College,  principallv  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Ilsley, 
Rd.  North,  and  C.  Le  Clerc.  He  will  see  that 
I  have  since  supplied  several  periodicals  before 
omitted,  some  of  them,  too,  overlooked  by  him- 
self. 

My  information  respecting  the  Universal  JVeivs 
was  supplied  from  head-quarters.  It  was  suf- 
ficient for  my  purpose,  as  I  never  contemplated 
fatiguing  the  public  with  such  ins  and  oids  as  are 
detailed  by  Mr.  O'Cavan-agh.  It  should  be  re- 
membered that  the  utmost  I  hoped  for  was,  that 
my  list  might  be  "  foimd  generally  correct"; 
and  though  I  am  called  to  account  b}"  the  above 
gentleman  for  some  omissions,  I  have  been  com- 
plimented from  other  quarters  as  the  only  person 
who  could  have  done  what  has  been  achieved. 

F.  C.  H. 

St.  Barbe  (S'^  S.  xi.  158.)— A  correspondent, 
A.  A.,  inquires  whether  the  representation  of  St. 
Barbara  (why  should  we  call  her  by  the  French 
name  Barbe?)  holding  a  chalice  surmounted  by 
the  Sacred  Plost,  is  a  genuine  legend ;  and  if  so, 
whether  it  is  modern,  or  based  on  one  of  older 
date.  He  is  evidently  not  aware  that  this  is  a 
mode  of  representing  the  saint  frequently  met 
with.  Several  examples  are  given  in  the  Emblems 
of  Saints.  It  is  founded  on  what  we  read  in  the 
oldest  accounts  of  St.  Barbara,  and  therefore 
nothing  modern.  It  is  recorded  in  the  most 
ancient  legends  of  the  saint,  that  just  before  she 


finished  her  martyrdom  by  being  beheaded,  she 
made  an  earnest  prayer  to  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
that  all  who  should  honour  her  martyrdom  and 
invoke  her,  might  not  die  without  receiving  his 
sacred  body  and  blood,  and  obtaining  pardon  of 
their  sins  and  eternal  life.  On  this  account  St. 
Barbara  is  invoked  for  the  grace  of  a  happy  death, 
fortified  by  the  lioly  Sacraments ;  and  often  re- 
presented bearing  a  chalice,  surmounted  by  the 
Sacred  Host.  F.  C.  H. 

Woodwakd's  "  Eccentric  Excursions  "  (3'''* 
S.  xi.  117.) — This  book  is  very  rare.  My  copy  is 
a  4to,  published  by  Allen  &  West,  1796.  The 
plates  are  inscribed  "  Woodward,  del.,"  "  Cruik- 
shanks,  scul."  Now  this  is  seventy-one  years 
ago.  Could  the  engraver  be  the  world-renowned 
George  Cruikshank  ?  If  so,  the  fact  is  indeed 
worth  recording.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Comer.  ' 

"  MiAX  L.I2LIA  "  (3'<i  S.  xi.  213.)— Your  cor- 
respondent Henry  Moody  might  have  spared 
himself  his  long  and  fruitless  search  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  article  in  the  Gentleman^  Maga- 
zine is  not  from  the  pen  of  Sir  W  alter  Scott,  but 
of  a  still  older  antiquary — Mr.  Jonathan  Oldbuck, 
of  Monkbarns.  Mr.  Moody  will  find  full  par- 
ticulars in  a  not  very  rare  work.  The  Antiquary, 
chap.  xiv.  P.  E,  N, 

Dante  Query  (3''''  S.  xi.  185.) — In  reply  to 
Mr.  Bouchier,  I  beg  to  say  that  I  do  not  know 
of  a  better  Italian  and  English  Dictionary  than 
that  by  Comelati  and  Davenport  (1854).  It  is 
based  on  the  tenth  edition  of  Baretti's  Dictionary, 
a  work  of  long-established  reputation.  I  may  be 
allowed  to  express  my  gratification  at  the  cor- 
roboration of  my  views  (as  to  the  strange  error  in 
Gary's  translation)  afforded  by  the  other  transla- 
tions of  the  passage  referred  to  now  brought 
forward  by  Mr.  Bouchiee.  M.  H.  R. 

Sir  Richard  Phillips  :  '•'  A  Million  of 
F4.CTS  "  (S'-'J  S.  viii.  444.)— I  do  not  think  that 
Sir  R.  means  in  this  quotation  that  he  was  the 
author  of  the  works  in  question,  but  simply  that 
they  were  produced  under  his  auspices, — that  he 
suggested  them,  and  when  written,  published 
them.  If  one  of  your  readers  would  investigate 
the  matter,  I  think  it  would  be  a  great  literary 
service.  The  names  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Blair  and 
the  Rev.  J.  Goldsmith,  so  seriously  occupying  an 
allotted  space  in  AUibone,  surely  cannot  be  pseu- 
donyms. Are  either  of  their  deaths  recorded 
anywhere  ?  The  title,  A  Million  of  Facts,  is  a 
complete  misnomer.  There  are  only  110,000  lines 
in  the  whole  book.  Ralph  Thomas. 

Shelley's  ^'  Adonais  "  (S'''  S.  x.  494 ;  xi.  45.) 
I  have  always  been  in  the  habit  of  thinking  that 
"  the  Pythian  of  the  age  "  represented  Lord  Byron 
in  his  character  of  Q\\xcier\y-2yhontes ;  but  so  also 


266 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [Srd  s.  xi.  makch  so, '6? 


I  have  deemed  liim  to  be  "  the  Pilgrim  of  Eter- 
nity," the  first  of  the  "  mountain  Shepherds," 
Moore  being  the  second,  and  Shelley  himself  the 
third.  There  would  be  surely  no  fitness  in  speak- 
ing- of  "  the  lightninars  of  his  song  "  in  reference  to 
Wordsworth.  "^  C.  W.  B. 

QXTOTATIOX  WAXTED  (3'*  S.  xi.  210.)— 1.  "  Cor- 
ruptio  optimi  pessima."  This  phrase  is  in  the 
Besohei  by  Owen  Feltham  on  his  eulogy  ''Of 
Women,"  in  which  it  is  introduced  I  think  thus : 
'•'  Optima  corrupta  pessima."  It  is  well-nigh  fifty 
years  since  I  lent  the  work,  which  has  forgotten 
to  come  back,  and  I  am  now  well-nigh  eio-hty. 

°   J.  S. 
Stratford,  Essex. 

[We  congratulate  our  octogenarian  contributor  on  his 
excellent  memory,  for  the  quotation  certainly  occurs,  as 
iciven  by  him,  in  Feltham's  Resolves,  art.  "  Of  Women." 
Ed.] 

Salkagtjxdi  (S'-i  S.  X.  259,  320;  xi.  242.)— 
Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  would  like  to  have 
ray  worthy  landlady,  Mistress  Meg  Dods',  receipt 
for  tliis  savoury  dish  :  — 

"  Wash  and  cut  open  at  the  breast  t^-o  large  Dutch,  or 
Lochfine  pickled  herrings  ;  take  the  meat  from  the  bones 
without  breaking  the  skin,  and  keep  on  the  head,  tail, 
fins,  <tc.  Mince  the  fish  with  the  breast  of  a  cold  roast 
chicken  skinned,  a  couple  of  hard-boiled  eggs,  an  onion, 
a  boned  anchovy,  and  a  little  grated  ham  or  tongue. 
Season  with  salad  oil,  ^-inega^,  cayenne,  and  salt,  and  fill 
up  the  herring  skins  so  that  they  look  plump  and  well 
.shaped.  Garnish  Arith  scraped  horse-radish,  and  serve 
mustard  with  the  dish.  Ohs.  An  ornamental  Salma- 
gundi was  another  of  the  fripperi-  dishes  of  former  times. 
This  edifice  was  raised  on  a  china  bowl  reversed,  and 
Y^laced  in  the  middle  of  a  dish  crowned  with  what, 
by  the  courtesy  of  the  kitchen,  was  called  a  pine  apple 
made  of  fresh  butter.  Around  were  laid  stratum  above 
.stratum,  chopped  eggs,  minced  herring  and  veal,  rasped 
meat,  and  minced  parsley.  The  whole  surmounted  bv  a 
triumphal  arch  of  herring-bones,  and  adorned  witli  a 
garnishing  of  barberries  and  samphii-es." 

^,  Haert  Jekyi. 

The  Cleikum  Inn,  St.  Ronans. 

^Tr.^'slatiox3  axd  Tapestet  (S'd  S.  ix.  120, 
.  If^v — "Either  he  [Hayward]  means  to  censure 
K  his  eulogist— which  is  scarcely  credible— or  the 
^.,  .simile  IS  of  earlier  date,"  savs^MR.  Boltox  Cor- 
^  JET  (.3-1  S.  ix.  146).  He  is  quite  correct.  The 
^  toilowmg  somewhat  explains  Hayward's  mean- 
ly ing:- 

j.  "Though,  by-the-way,  sir,  I  think  this  kind  of  version 
^  troni  one  language  to  another,  except  it  be  from  the 
noblest  of  tongues,  the  Greek  and  Latin,  is  like  viewing  a 
].iece  of  Flemish  tapestrj-  on  the  wrong  side,  where, 
though  the  figures  are  distin^ruishable,  vet  there  are  so 
many  ends  and  threads,  that  the  beautv'and  exactness  of 
the  work  is  obscured,  and  not  so  advantageously  dis- 
csrned  as  on  the  right  .side  of  the  hangings."  —  Z>on 
Qmxote,  part  ir.  chap.  Ixii. 

Bat  did  the  author  of  Bon  Quixote  write  "more 
guessingly  perhaps  than  knowingly"'.^ 


If  any  particular  use  of  this  simile  be  wanted, 
see  Popular  Enr/Ush  Specimens  of  Greeh  Dramatic 
Poets  (^Eschylus),  London,  Murrav,  1831,  p.  11, 

W.  C.  B. 

Peers'  Residences  ts  1689  (3^"  S.  xi.  224.) 
Your  correspondent  Sic  Transit  says  he  can  only 
find,  "in  looking  over  the  list  of  peers'  residences 
in  1689,  three  "  { though  he  mentions /««/•)  "  which 
are  now  inhabited  by  the  descendants  of  the 
occupiers  there  named."  Amongst  them,  "  Duke 
of  Devonshire,  Devonshire  House  and  Somerset 
House,  olim,  now  Xorthuniberland  House,  via 
Smithson." 

This  is  all  inaccurate. 

In  1689,  Berkeley  House,  the  residence  of  Lord 
Berkeley  of  Stratton,  stood  on  the  site  of  Devon- 
shire House,  and  was  not  sold  to  the  Duke  of 
Devonshire  till  several  years  afterwards.  The 
actual  Devonshire  House  is  of  course  a  much  more 
modern  structure. 

Northumberland  House,  built  by  a  Howard,  so 
long  as  it  continued  in  the  possession  of  that 
famih',  was  succe.«sively  styled  "  Xorthampton 
House  "  and  "  Suffolk  House,"  and  assumed  its 
present  name  when  it  passed  to  the  tenth  Earl  of 
Northumberland  on  his  marriage  with  Lord  Suf- 
folk's daughter.  That  name  it  has  uninterruptedly 
retained.  It  never  was  called  Somerset  House, 
though  it  was,  jure  uxoris,  the  residence  of  a 
Duke  of  Somerset.  (Such  a  paroni/mic  would 
have  been  strangely  inconvenient  in  the  near 
neighbourhood  of  buildings  which,  since  the  time 
of  the  Protector,  have  known  no  other  designa- 
tion.) 

There  is  therefore  no  "  via  Smithson "  in  the 
case.  Sir  Hugh  Smithson  did  not  re-christen  it, 
but  received  it  with  a  long-established  name 
when  the  vast  possessions  of  the  former  house  of 
Percy  were  divided  between  his  wife  and  Lady 
Catherine  Windham.  Senex. 

Fahilt  0?  D'Abrichcouet  (3''»  S.  v.  320, 408, 
524;  vi.  168,  297.)  — Can  Juxta  Ttjrrxh  now 
inform  me  whether  the  monument  to  a  member 
of  the  D'Abrichcourt  family  which  oace  stood  in 
Bridport  chui-ch,  Dorsetshire,  and  was  afterwards 
bm-ied  under  the  gallery  staircase,  has  been  re- 
erected  ?  I  learn  by  a  note  in  Beltz's  Memorials 
of  the  Order  of  the' Garter,  p.  91,  that  AVilliam 
D'Abrichcourt,"  son  of  Sir  Eustace  D'Abrichcourt 
and  the  Countess  Dowager  Elizabeth  of  Kent, 
daughter  of  WiUiam,  fifth  Duke  of  Juliers,  niece 
to  Queen  Philippa,  and  relict  of  John  Plantagenet, 
Earl  of  Kent,  was  buried  in  Bridport  church  ;  and 
I  presume  that  the  above  monument  is  the  one 
here  alluded  to.  Froissart  makes  the  following 
mention  of  this  Sir  Eustace :  — 

"  In  1370,  .John  Lord  Devereus  proceeded  to  Angou- 
leme,  where  the  Earls  of  Cambridge  and  Pembroke  and 
other   great   commanders    were    assembled    round    the 


S'd  S.  XI.  March  30,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


Black  Prince  ;  and  upon  his  representation,  troops  were 
dispatched  from  thence  for  the  relief  of  that  garrison 
(Belle  Perche),  which  was  enabled  by  this  opportune 
succour  to  march  out  with  all  the  honours  of  war  and 
within  view  of  tlie  French  army,  and  to  deliver  the 
captive  Isabel  of  Yalois  into  the  hands  of  Sir  Eustace 
D'Abrichcourt  and  Sir  John  Devereux." 

In  tlie  pedigree  of  Congreve  the  poet  (3'''^  S. 
T.  132),  D'Abrichcourt  is  erroneously  spelt  Draw- 
bridgecourt  after  an  entry  in  Debrett's  Baronetage 
for  the  year  1815.  Can  a  correspondent  who 
two  or  three  months  since  Avrote  to  "■  N.  &  Q." 
from  Solihull,  in  Warwickshire,  inform  me  whe- 
ther there  are  any  monuments  or  other  memorials 
to  the  above  family  at  Solihull  or  Knowle  ? 
Thomas  Daubrigcourt  (D'Abrichcourt)  of  Soli- 
hull is  mentioned  by  Fuller  in  his  Worthies  of 
England  as  Sheriff  of  AYarwickshire  in  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth.  II.  C. 

Quaker's  CoNFESSiojf  op  Faith  (S''"^  S.  xi. 
127.)  —  By  <'  1  Will.  IV.  cap.  18,"  LiELius  must 
mean  1  Wm.  &  Mary,  sess.  1,  cap.  18,  which 
makes  all  the  difference.  That  Act  has  nothing 
to  do  with  the  proceeding  of  taking  an  affirmation 
instead  of  an  oath  in  courts  of  justice.  It  was 
passed  to  relieve  dissenting  teachers  from  the 
penalties  inflicted  upon  them  by  previous  statutes. 

The  Acts  which  enable  persons  conscientiously 
objecting  to  an  oath  to  make  a  declaration  instead 
are  the  following  :  — 

1.  3  &  4  Wm.  IV.  c.  49,  applying  to  Quakers 
and  Moravians. 

2.  3  &  4  Wm.  IV.  c.  82,  for  Separatists. 

3.  1  &  2  Vict.  c.  77,  extending  No.  1  to  any 
persons  who  have  been  Quakers  or  Moravians. 

4.  17  &  18  Vict.  c.  125,  enabling  any  person 
whatever  who  has  a  conscientious  objection  to 
taking  an  oath,  if  the  judge  or  person  taking  the 
deposition  is  satisfied  of  the  sincerity  of  the  ob- 
jection, to  make  a  declaration  in  tiie  following- 
form  :  — 

"I,  A.  B.,  do  solemnly,  sincerely',  and  truly  affirm  and 
declare  that  the  taking  of  an  oath  is,  according  to  my 
religious  belief,  unlawful ;  and  I  do  also  solenmly,  sin- 
cerely, and  truly  affirm  and  declare " 

No  further  profession  of  faitli  is  required  of  any 
person  making  this  declaration,  or  the  similar  ones 
contained  in  the  previous  Acts. 

These  enactments  are  set  forth  at  full  length  in 
vol.  ii.  of  Chitty's  Statutes  by  Welsby  and  Beavan, 
tit.  "Oaths."  Job  J.  B'.  Yv^oekakd. 

I  am  sorry  that,  either  through  my  mistake 
in  writing,  or  else  through  the  error  of  the  com- 
positor, the  Act  in  which  this  confession  is  em- 
bodied is  quoted  as  "1  Will.  IV.,"  instead  of 
"  1  Will.  III.,"  which  might  have  been  more 
properly  cited  as  "  1  W.  &  M."  With  such  a 
confession  of  faith  accepted  as  a  formal  compact 
between   the   legislature   and    the    "  Society  of 


Friends,"  it  is  really  astonishing  how  any  one 
holding  Socinian  doctrines  ever  could  profess  to 
belong  to  a  body  owning  thus  formally  that  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ  is  the  ^^  eternal  Son  ""and  '^  the 
true  God  " ;  and  yet  that  there  was  a  time  in 
which  the  true  Godhead  of  Christ  was  rejected 
by  many  in  that  society  is  of  necessity  well  known 
to  all  who  are  even  superficially  acquainted  with 
its  history. 

How  is  this  confession  of  faith  to  be  recon- 
ciled with  Penn's  Sandy  Foundation  SJiahen,  in 
which  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity  is  argued  against 
with  subtlety  and  sophistrv,  "though  not  ^ with 
skill  ? 

Can  anyone  honestly  make  his  affirmation  as  a 
Quaker  (in  cases  in  which  an  oath  is  commonly 
required)  who  does  not  fully  and  thoroughly 
accept  this  short  confession  in  all  its  parts  ? 

LiELIUS. 

Dr.  Cxril  Jackson  (3"1  S.  xi.  229.)— In  the 
Latin  lines  quoted,  for  "non  opes  "  in  the  second 
line,  read  "  nee  opes ;  "  and  for  "  Latinjeque  "  in 
the  seventh  line,  read  "  Latifeque." 

JaS.  CROSSLEr. 

Flintopt's  Chant  (Z'^  S.  x.  206.)— The  in- 
formation given  by  Dr.  Rimbault  is  valuable  as 
matter  of  biography,  but  his  inference  that  the 
double  chant  is  probably  the  oldest  in  existence 
cannot  be  so  readily  acquiesced  in.  It  seems 
questionable  whether  Flintoft  actually  wrote  it 
as  such.  In  Dr.  Crotch's  Set  of  Original  Chants, 
1842,  this  identical  one  is  given  (No.  G3)  with  the 
note,  "from  a  Harmony  by  Flintoft."  According 
to  this  the  chant  was  adapted  by  Crotch  from 
some  other  piece  of  music. 

I  have  not  met  with  an  old  copy.  I  have  it 
first  in  Bennett  and  Marshall's  Collection,  1829. 
It  is  not  in  Dr.  Beckwith,  1808;  nor  in  John 
Marsh ;  nor  in  Harrison,  1790. 

As  to  its  relative  antiquity — supposing  it  written 
by  Flintoft — the  well-known  "  York  Chant  "  in 
E  is  attributed  by  Dk.  Rimbault  himself  to  T. 
Wanless,  Mus.  Bac.  Wanless  was  organist  of 
York  Minster  about  1700,  having  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1698.  A  composition  by  him, 
therefore,  might  be  contemporary  with  one  by 
either  Flintoft  or  Morley.  "Henrt  Parr. 

Campsall  Vicarage,  Doncaster. 

Whey,  a  Cure  for  Rheumatism  {^"^  S.  xi. 
97.)  —  Wesley,  in  his  Primitive  Physic,  writing 
of  rheumatism,  says,  "  Live  on  new  milk,  whey, 
and  white  bread  for  fourteen  days.  This  lias 
cured  one  in  desperate  case."  W.  ]M. 

''  Do  AS  I  SAY,  and  not  AS  I  DO  "  (3'''^  S.  xi. 
32.)— There  can  be,  I  suppose,  no  doubt  but  that 
Boccaccio,  when  he  puts  these  words  into  the 
mouth  of  the  friars  of  his  dav,  in  theverv  remark- 


268 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XI.  March  30,  '67. 


able  picture  whicli  he  draws  of  them,  referred  to 
our  Lord's  words  in  Mat.  xxiii.  2, 3  :  "  The  scribes 
and  Pharisees  sit  in  Moses'  seat:  all  therefore 
whatsoever  they  bid  you  observe,  that  observe 
and  do ;  but  do  not  ye  after  their  works  :  for  they 
sai/  and  do  tiot  y'  especially  as  he  soon  after 
asks  the  question :  perche  non  seguitano  quella 
altrn  santa  parola  dello  evangelo,  &c.  ? 

C,  W.  Bingham. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

The  Romans  of  Partenay  or  of  Luslgnen,  otherwise  known 
as  The  Tale  of  Melusine.     Translated  from  the  French 
of  La  Coudreite  (1500-20,  a.d.)     Edited  from  a  Unique 
MS.  in  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  by  the  Rev.  Walter 
W.  Skeat,  M.A. 
Dan  Michel's  Ayenbite  of  Inwyt,  or  Remorse  of  Conscience. 
In  the  Kentish  Dialect,  a.d.   1340.     Edited  .from   the 
MS.  in  British  Museum  by  Richard  Morris,  Esq. 
Hymns  to  The  Virgin  and  Christ,  the  Parliament  of  Devils, 
and  other  Religious  Poems  ;  chiefly  from  Lambeth  3IS. 
No.  853.     Edited  by  F.  J.  FurniVall,  Esq. 
The  StacionsofRome.  Li  Verse  and  Prose.  The  Pilgrim's 
Sea-Voyage  loith  Clene  Maydenhod.     Edited  by  F.  J. 
Furnivall,  Esq. 
Religious  Pieces  in  Prose  and  Verse.     Edited  from  Robert 
Thorntoiis  MS.   (circa   1440)  in  Lincoln  Library,  by 
Robert  G.  Perry,  M.A.,  Prebendary  of  Lincoln,  &c. 
The  Early  English    Text  Society  has   had  its  hands 
strengthened  and  its  means  enlarged  by  a  considerable 
increase  in  the  number  of  its  Subscribers,  and  the  result 
has  been  to  stimulate  that  zeal  and  energy  on  the  part  of 
those  to  whose  charge  the  management  is  entrusted ;  to 
which  zeal  and  activity  we  have  already  borne  testimony 
on  several  occasions.     One  of  our  Correspondents  called 
attention  last  week  to  a  passage  in  a  recently-published 
preface  which  he  considered  calculated  to  give  offence  to 
many  of  the  Members.     Such,  we  are  sure,  was  never 
the  intention  of  the  writer ;  and  as  it  is  not  likely  that 
such  an  inadvertence  Avill  occur  again,  we  trust  that  the 
manner  in  which  the  Society  has  employed  the  additional 
funds  placed  at  its  disposal  wUl  be  a  stimulus  to  a  fur- 
ther increase  in  the  number  of  its  Subscribers.  No  one  can 
glance  in  the  most  cursory  manner  at  the  mere  titles  of 
the  books  at  the  head  of  this  notice,  without  recognising 
in  them  important  contributions  to  English  Philology. 


GOLDONI,  ScELTA  DI  CoMMEDIE,  XoTA,   1 
KOSTEHI,      P.,     GciDB     TO     ItAI,IAN     Tr 

(?)  1838. 
Wanted  by  Rev.  J.  JIasheU,  AU  HaUows,  Barking,  London,  E.G. 


3atiteS  to  dLavteSpaiiiimtS. 

TVe  have  this  week  been  compelled  to  postpone  some  of  our  usual  Notes 
on  Books. 

Fenians.  C.  W.  will  find  an  explanation  of  this  name  in  our  3rd  S. 
vii.  358. 

Good  Taste  is  quite  right.    His  hint  shall  not  he  lost  sight  of. 

Debrett's  Peeraoe  and  Baro.vetage.  See  "N.  &  Q."  of  Feb.  23, 
1867.  -^       J 

W.  A.  Fart.  A  list  of  James  Trou-eU's  voluminous  irorks  (above 
forty)  ma;/  be  found  in  Wood's  Athenas  Oxonienses,  edit.  1817.  iii.  745; 
CAaimers's  Biographical  Dictionary,  xviii.  263;  and  Watt's  Bibliotheca 
Britannica. 

Grey  or  Grav.  Richardson,  one  of  the  highest  autliorities,  if  not  the 
highest,  obviously  considers  Grey  the  proper  form.  A II  his  illustrations 
are  under  Grev,  and  all  his  earlier  authorities  si>  spell  it.  Under  Grat 
he  merely  says,  "  see  Grey.  Webster  and  Worcester  prefer  Gray.  The 
latter  under  Grev  says,  "  More  properly  and  more  comvumly  vrritten 
Gray  "  :  in  which,  however,  we  do  not  agree  with  him. 

A.  SI.  G.    The  only  Uudibrastic  couplet  whichhas  been  discussed  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  at  any  length  was  not  the  one  referred  toby  A.  M.  <?.,  but  — 
"  He  who  run8  may  fight  asain, 
Which  he  can  never  do  that's  slain." 

T.  B.  D.     Where  will  a  letter  reach  this  Correspondent  f 

A  Conservative  (Waterford)  will  find  ten  articles  in  our  First  and 
Second  Series  on  the  bookworm  and  its  ravages. 

A  Reading  Case  for  holding  the  weekly  Nos.  of  "N.  &  Q."  is  now 
ready,  and  maybe  had  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen,  price  Is.Gd.; 
or, free  by  post,  direct  from  the  publisher, for  Is.  8d. 

"Notes  &  Queries"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


CAUTION-FRAUD.— Mr.  J.  H.  Evans,  Chemist,  Lymm,  Cheshire, 
writes,  March  25,  1867:  "  Some  of  my  customers  who  habitually  use 
Dr.  Loci'Ck's  Pulmonic  Wafers,  inform  me  that  they  have  purchased 
what  they  intended  should  have  been  the  same,  but  which  turned  out 
to  be  quite  a  riitferent  things  and  that,  on  examining  the  stamp,  found 
it  was  not  the  same  as  on  those  purchased  from  me,  but  as  nearly  like 
as  possible  to  escape  prosecution.  I  need  not  say  the  results  after  tak- 
ing the  spurious  ones  were  very  unsatisfactory."  The  only  genuine 
medicine  has  the  words  "  Dr.  Locock's  Wafers"  in  the  Government 
stamp. 


PAPER  AND  ENVELOPES. 

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BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 
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Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  following  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
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The  World  and  its  Worksuops,  by  Jaraes  Ward.    Several  copies  re- 
quired. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  James  Ward,  10,  King  Street,  Soho. 
TImvebsal  MvTHoi.ocy,by  Henry  Christmas. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  .John  Locke,  133,  Leinstcr  Road,  Dublin. 

Lewis's  Tales  of  Wonder. 

Bailev's  Maoaz.ne.    Vol.  L 

Ghimm's  Tales.    2  Vols.    Cruikshank's  plates. 

Ho.id's  Pookne  Akam.     12mo. 

Pofk's  Works.    (Aldinc.) 

Nichols' LEICE3TER^HIHE.    8  vols.    Folio.    Large  paper. 

Wanted  i  y  Mr.  Thomas  Beet,  Bookseller.  15,  Conduit   Street, 
Bonu  Street,  London,  W. 


SAUCE.— LEA  AND  PEREINS' 

-arORCESTESSHIRE      SAUCS. 

This  delicious  condiment,  pronounced  by  Connoisseurs 

"  THE   ONLY   GOOD   SAUCE," 

is  prepared  solely  by  LEA  &  PERRINS. 

The  public  are  respectfully  cautioned  against  worthless  imitations,  and 

should   see  that  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Names  are  on  Wrapper,  Label, 

Bottle,  and  Stopper. 

ASK  FOR  "LEA  AND  PEBBINS"'  SAUCE. 


Grocers  and  Oilmen  universally. 


WHAT  WILL  THIS    COST  TO  PRINT? 

IT  An  immediate  answer  to  the  inquiry,  and  a  Specimen  Book  of 
TvpEs,  with  information  for  Authors,  may  be  obtained  on  applica- 
tion to 

R.  BARRETT  &  SONS,  13,  Mark  Lane,  London. 


NOTES  AND  aUERIES: 

^  WtWm  0f  Interrommitnicatiou 

FOR 

LITERAEY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 


'•"Wlien  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  Captain  Cuttle. 


No.  275. 


Saturday,  April  6,  1867. 


(  Price  Fourpence. 
\  Stamped  Edition,  5d. 


THE  EDINBURGH  REVIEW,  No.  256,  will  be 
published  on  the  16th  inst.    Advertisements  in- 
tended for  insertion  cannot  be  received  by  the  Publishers 
later  than  Tuesday  Next,  the  9th  instant. 
London :  LONG  MANS  and  CO.  39,  Paternoster  Row,  E.G. 

THE   QUARTERLY  REVIEW,   No.    CCXLIV., 
will  be  PUBLISHED  NEXT  SATURDAY. 
Contents : 
I.  CHARACTER  OF  GEORGE  THE  THIRD. 
II.  SEA  FISH  AND  FISHERIES. 

III.  AUTOBIOGRAPHY  OF  A  PHYSIOLOGIST. 

IV.  WESTMORELAND. 

V.  POETRY  OF  THE  SEVEN  DIALS. 
VI.  DU  CHAILLU'S  RECENT  TRAVELS. 
VII.  MYTHS  OF  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 
Vin.  NEW  AMERICAN  RELIGIONS. 
IX.  RAILWAY  FINANCE. 

X.  WELLINGTON  IN  THE  PENINSULA. 
XL  THE  FOUR  REFORM  ORATORS. 


JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


Now  ready,  in  crown  8vo,  10s.  &d. 

THE  CURIOSITIES  of  CLOCKS  and  WATCHES. 
From  the  Early  Times.    By  EDWARD  J.  WOOD. 
RICHARD  BENTLEY.  New  Burlington  Street. 

Third  Edition,  in  demy  8vo,  with  975  Illustrations,  21s. 

HERALDRY : 

HISTORICAL  AND  POPULAR. 
Thoroughly  revised  and  corrected,  with  much  additional  matter. 

By  the  REV.  CHARLES  BOUTELL,  M.A. 
RICHARD  BENTLEY,  publisher  in  ordinary  to  Her  Majesty. 

The  lath  Century. 

A  LARGE  COLLECTION  (20  vols.  4to)  of 
ANECDOTES,  EXCERPTS,  &c.,  in  MS.  and  in  Print,  illustrated 
by  numerous  Portraits.  &c.,  with  an  Index  of  the  whole,_the  work  of 
"•  «°l'=^','.9'^^r'^^l?  ,?P,i,'^"  Autlior  of  reputation,  deceased-is  for  sale 
at  MR.  W.  WKSLEY'S,  81,  Fleet  Street. 

R.   H  A  LLI WELL'S    FINE    FOLIO    SHAKE- 

.K  ,  SPEARE,l6voIs.  complete,  with  the  Supplemental  Volume  of 
the  History  of  ^KW  Place  (a  .leceased  Subscriber's  Copy),  for  sale 
at  60  gumeas,  the  only  copy  anywhere  on  sale. 

J.  RUSSELL  SMITH.  36,  Soho  Square,  London. 


M 


Just  published,  in  1  vol.  crown  8vo,  cloth,  price  7s.  6d. 
rpHE    APOCRYPHAL   GOSPELS   and  other 

J.  Documents  relatinz  to  the  History  of  Christ.  Translated  from 
the  originals  in  Greek,  Latin,  Synac,&c.  With  Notes,  Scripture  Ke- 
ferenceo,  and  Prolegomena. 

By  B.  H.\RRIS  COWPER.  Editor  of  "The  Journal  of  Sacred 
Literature,"  &c. 

WILLIAMS  &  NORGATE,  U,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden 
London ;  and  20,  South  Frederick  Street,  Edinburgh. 

3rd  S.  No.  275. 


This  Day  is  published.  No.  II.,  price  6d. 

THE  CHRONICLE. 

A     WEEKLY     REVIEW, 

Containing  :_ 
A  Critical  Summary  of  Events.    2.  Political  and  Literary  Articles. 
3.  Notices  of  English  and  Foreign  Books. 
Office:  24,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden. 


M 


Now  ready.  Part  IV.,  price  2s.  6d., 

ISCELLANEA    GENEALOGICA    ET 

HERALDICA.     Edited  by  JOSEPH   JACKSON  HOWARD, 
LL.D.,F.S.A. 

Contents  :— Knightley  Pedigree  continued-Will  of  Sir  Valentine 
Knightley,  156«— Grant  of  Arms  to  the  Plaisterers' Company,  37  Hen. 

VIII — Funeral  Certificates  :  Hon.  Sir  Dudley  Norton.  Knt.  1634,  &c 

Confirmation  of  Arms  to  John  Crocker  of  Hooi.norton,  1556 Hoby 

Pedigree— Strelley  Pedigree— Palmer  Famiiy-Extracts  fromDorney 
Registers,  &c.  Hackney  Church  Notes— Chaderton  and  Lathom  Pedi- 
grees, from  Visitation  of  Lancashire,  1613— Grant  of  Arms  to  John 
Howe  ofLewes,  16U;  Rowe  Pedigree—Notes  and  Queries,  relating  to 
the  Families  of  Legh  of  Stockwell,  Paddy,  J enney,  Simon  Lord  Lovat, 
Phelps,  Palmer,  Calvert,  Rayney,  Fuller,  &c. 


Just  published,  price  14s.,  demy  8vo,  cloth,  lettered, 

VERBA  NOMINALIA; 

Or,  WORDS  DERIVED  FROM  PROPER  NAMES. 

By  RICHARD   STEPHEN  GHARNOCK,  Ph.  Dr.,. 

F.S.A.,  F.K.G.S. 
London  :  TRUBNER  S:  CO.  60,  Paternoster  Row. 
"  There   are  few  etymologists  who  can  afford  to  dispense  with  the 
book.    The  plan  is  well  conceived  and  happil)  carried  out."~Reader. 

"  Dr.  Charnock  has  worked  out  his  idea  very  completely  and  well^ 
and  given  us  a  book  which  no  one  should  tail  to  possess."— Court  Cir- 


In  a  few  days  will  be  published,  in  1  vol.  8vo,  price  Is.,  post  free, 

HENRY  G.  BOHN'S  GENERAL  CATALOGUE 
OF  FOREIGN  BOOKS,  the  concluding  part  (306  pages),  con- 
taining French,  Italian,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  German, Dutch,  Danish,, 
and  Swedish  Books,  many  of  great  interest  and  rarity.  All  of  which 
are  offered  at  extremely  low  prices,  mostly  at  less  than  cost,  the  adver- 
tiser being  about  to  retire  from  retail  business  immediately. 

The  previous  parts  of  the  Catalogue  are:— 
,  "^oyi-  ^"'5,  Grtek  and  Latin  Miscellanies,  including  Theo- 
loiry.  Fathers  of  the  Church,  Philology,  Modern  Latin  Poetry,  Face- 
ti.T3:    also    Manuscripts,    English,  Foreign,  and  Oriental;  Rare    and 
curious  Drawings  in  Volumes  or  Collections,  Is. 

Vol.  II.  Part  2.  Bibles,  Testaments,  Litoroies,  Missals,  Bre- 
viaries, &c.,  chiefly  in  foreign  Languages.  50  pages.  Is. 

X9i  IL  Parti.  Greek  and  Latin  Classics,  with  Commentaries 
and  Translations,  152  pages.  Is. 

Vol.  I.  Natural  History,  Books  i,f  Prints,  Architecture,  No- 
MISMATA,  Heraldry,  Phvsics,  Metaphvsi.  s,  Lanoiage,  Bibliooba- 
pHv,  Oriental  and  Northern  Literature,  Games  and  Sports,  &c., 
467  pages,  halt  bound  i 


The  entire  set  of  Catalogues,  post  free,  may  be  had  for  7s.  6d.  What- 
ever books  from  the  above  foreign  Catalogues  remain  unsold  during 
the  course  of  the  next  few  months  will  be  sold  '.y  auction,  together  with 
the  extensive  uncatalogued  stock  of  English  Books,  by  Messrs.  Sotheby, 
Wilkmson,  and  Hodge. 

HENRY  Q.  BOHN,  4  &  5,  York  Street,  Covent  Garden. 


NOTE  S  AND  QUERIE  S.  [s^i  s.  xi.  apeil  g.  'e: 


AFKZCAU  SXFIiO^E:XS. 


FOKTrETH    THOrSAlfD. 

DR.     LIVINGSTONE'S    FIEST    JOURNEY; 

Missionary  Travels  and  Researches  in  South  Africa,  181D— 06.  Ej- 
DAVID  LIVINGSTONE,  M.D.  A  Popular  Edition.  Map  and 
Illustrations.    Post  8vo.    6s. 

II. 

DR.  LIVINGSTONE'S    SECOND  JOURNEY; 

A  Narrative  of  an  Expedition  to  the  Zambesi  and  its  Tributaries:  and 
of  the  Discovery  of  Lakes  Shirwa  and  I^^yassa,  1853—61.  Map  and  Illus- 
trations, Svo.    21s. 

Sib  B.  I.  MoBcBisox "As  noble  and  lion-hearted  an  explorer  as 

ever  livei."— President  of  the  Geographical  Society. 

Daily  News "  Dr.  Livingstone's  first  work  on  Africa  recorded  one 

of  the  greatest  achievements  of  modern  times,  a  journey  across  the 
continent  from  (iuillimane  to  Cape  To^vn.  The  work  before  us  con- 
tains an  account  of  the  further  prosecution  of  the  enterprise  to  open  up 
Central  Africa  to  civilized  commerce  and  to  the  lis-'ht  of  the  Gospel. 
Both  vrorks  are  lasting  memorials  of  extraordinary  courage  and  en- 
durance sustained  by  the  purest  philanthropy."— Z/aiV^/  Neus. 


TE^'TH   THOrSAND. 
MR.  DU  CHAILLU'S  FIRST  EXPEDITION; 

Adventures  in  Equatorial  Africa,  with  the  Chace    of  the  Gorilla, 
Hippopotami,   XesuBuildinj  Ape,    Chimpanzee,  ac,  1856—9.       By 
PAUL  B.  DU  CHAILLU.    Map  and  Illustrations,  Svo.    21s. 
II. 

MR.  DU  CHAILLU'S  SECOND  EXPEDITION; 

A  Journey  to  Ashango  Land:  and  further  Penetration  into  Equatorial 
Africa;  with  the  Natural  History,  Aianncrs.  and  Customs  of  the  Coim- 
try,  18ti3— 5.    Map  and  Dlustrations.    Svo.    21s. 

Pbofessob  Owem '■  M.  Du  Chaillu  has  added  considerably,  and  in 

very  important  rekpects,  to  our  knowledge."— iSt'cAard  Owen,  F  U.S. 

Gdahdia?! — "  What  M.  Du  Chaillu  saw  and  suffered  in  his  first  expe- 
dition our  readers  know  already.  The  marvels  of  the  Gorilla  and  the 
other  anthropoid  apes  were  set  forth  in  a  remarkable  volume.  This 
second  volume  of  his  is  a  picturesque  and  interesting  story  well  told , 
and  adds  a  eood  deal  to  our  knowledge  of  man  and  nature  in  the  western 
part  of  £quatorial  Africa,."— Guardian. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 

Out  this  day.  Fourth  Edition,  2s.  6d.,  by  post  for  32  stamps. 

DIABETES    and  other  URINARY  DISEASES. 
By  ABBOTTS  SMITH,  M.D.,  Physician  to  the  MetropoUtan 
I'ree  Hospital. 
"  This  book  is  a  very  good  guide  to  treatment."— J^edJcaZ  Press. 
London:  H.  KENSHAW,  356,  Strand. 


pURATES    and    other    CLERGYMEN  of  small 

\J  means  are  assisted  by  grants  from  the  CORPORATION  of  the 
SONS  of  the  CLERGY,  whose  funds,  although  increasing,  are  year  by 
year  becoming  more  inadequate  to  meet  the  numerous  claims  upon 

CHARLES  JOHN  BAKER,  Registrar. 
2,  Bloomsbnry  Place,  W.C,  April,  1867. 

WIDOWS  and  AGED  SINGLE  DAUGHTE^ 
of  deceased  Clergymen,  left  without  sufBcient  means  of  sup- 
port, are  provided  with  pensions  and  temporary  grants  by  the  COR- 
PORATION of  the  SONS  of  the  CLKRGY,  whose  income  is  greatly 
in  need  of  augmentation  by  Donations  and  Annual  Subscriptions, 
which  would  be  gratefully  received  by 

CHARLES  JOHN  BAKER,  Registrar. 
2,  Bloomsbury  Place,  "W.C,  April,  1867. 

CHILDREN  of  CLERGYMEN  (Orphans  or  not) 
are  assisted  in  the  expense  of  their  education  at  schoo  s  and  col- 
leges, or  on  entering  various  situations  in  life,  by  the  CORPORATION 
of  the  SONS  of  the  CLERGY;  and  in  order  to  Increase  the  Society's 
means  ot  thus  enabling  young  persons,  children  of  poor  but  worthy 
members  of  the  profession  of  the  Church  to  support  themselves  in  be- 
coming situations  in  the  world,  the  Governors  earnestly  invite  contri- 
butions to  the  luuils  of  the  Charity. 

CH.UILES  JOHN  BAKER,  RcBistrar. 
2,  Bloomebury  Place,  London,  W.C,  April,  1867. 


GENEALOGY  and  FAMILY  HISTORY.— 
Authentic  Pedigrees  deduced  from  the  Public  Records  and  Private 
Sources.  Information  given  respecting  Armorial  Bearing?,  Estates, 
Advowsons,  Munors.  «:c.    Translations  of  Ancient  Deeds  and  Records. 

Researches  made  in  the  British  Museum Address  to  M.  DOLMAN, 

Esq.  23,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn,  W.C. 

GILBERT  J.  FRENCH,  BOLTON,  LANCA- 
SHIRE, has  prepared  his  usual  large  supply  of  SURPLICES  and 
COMMUNION  l.LS-EN.in  anticipation  of  Easter.  ALTAR  CLOTHS, 
and  K03ES  for  Presentation. 

Parcels  delivered  Jree  at  Railway  Stations.    No  Asents. 

AMERICAN  BOOKS.  — TRUBNTilR  &  CO.,  60, 
Paternoster  Row,  London,  have  always  in  Stock  a  large  variety 
ofthe  best  AMERICAN  LITERATURE,  and  are  receiving  Weekly 
Packages  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  Books  not  in  Stock  can 
be  procured  in  about  five  weeks. 

rtOUNSELS  to  AUTHORS.— A  beautifully  Illus- 

V;  trated  Manual,  containing  (with  illustrations)  New  .ind  De- 
tailed Plans  of  PuDlishlng.  Specimens  of  Type,  and  Sizes  ot  Paper. 
Post  free  on  receipt  of  U  stamps — London  :  WILLIAJI  FKliEMAN, 
lOi,  Fleet  Street. 


W  J.  H.  RODD,  Picture  Restorer,  31,  St.  Martin's 

T  T  •  Court,  W.C.  Pictures  lined,  cleaned,  and  restored  ;  Water- 
colour  Drawings  cleaned,  repaired,  mounted,  and  varnish  removed; 
Pastils.  Crayons,  and  Body-Colour  Drawings  cleaned  and  repaired  ; 
Valuations  of  Literarj'  and  Artistic  Property  made  for  Probate  or 
Legacy  Duty;  also  Catalogues  of  Libraries  or  Colleclions  of  Pictures 
and  Drawings  for  Private  Reference  or  Public  Sale.  Works  of  Art  and 
Virtii  purchased  and  sold  on  Commission. 

?ine  Ancient  Prints,  &.c. 

MESSRS.  P.  &  D.  COLNAGHI  &  CO.  beg  leave 
to  announce  that  they  have  just  acquired  two  Collections  of  Fine 
Ancient  Prints  and  Early  Drawings  and  Engravings  of  the  English 
School,  which  they  desire  to  offer  to  Collectors  and  Amateurs. 

These  Colleclions  comprise  a  large  and  admirable  series  of  the  works 
of  Marc  Antonio  and  Scholar's  Carapagnola,  the  Master  of  the  Caducee, 
&c.i:c.,  and  a  f^w  most  Rare  and  Curious  Early  Italian  Engravings. 
Also  a  large  number  of  the  works  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  in  perfect 
condition  and  finest  proof  states ;  an  excellent  complete  copy  of 
Turner's  Liber  Studiorum  ;  and  an  extensive  and  interesting  series  of 
Drawings  ofthe  Early  English  School  of  Water  Colour. 
13  &  11,  PALL  MALL  EAST,  S.W. 
AprU  3, 1867. 


Fine  Books  of  Prints— Expensive  Works  on  Natural  History— Early 
Poetry— Wit  and  Drolleries— the  Library  of  a  Collector,  removed 
from  Somersetshire. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON,  Auctioneers 
of  Literary  Property,  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House, 
47,  Leicester  Square,  W.C.  (west  side),  on  APRIL  11,  and  five  following 
days,  Sunrlay  excepted,  the  Extensive  and  Valuable  LIBRARY  of  a 
COLLECTOR :  comprising  Fine  Books  of  Prints— Important  Works 
on  Natural  History— Voyages.  Travels,  and  Exploralionc— Angling, 
Sports,  and    Pastimes— Early    Poetry    and    Facetiae— Bibliography— 

Numismata a  large  Series  of  Works  by  Female  Authors— Witticisms, 

Oddities,  and  Drolleries— curious  Collections  relating  to  Women,  Mar- 

riige.  Divorce,  &c the  whole  in  fine  condition,  chiefly  in  Modern 

Bindings,  many  ofthe  Works  being  on  Large  Paper. 
Catalogues  are  in  the  press. 


RARE  AND  CURIOUS  BOOKS.— Black-Letter 
Books,  Illuminated  Missals,  Miscellaneous  Literature,  and  a 
singular  assemblage  of  Facetia;,  Jest,  Wit,  Trials,  Ballads,  sc  — Stamp 
to  be  sent  for  postage.  ,    i-  u.j. 

THOMAS  BEET,  15,  Conduit  Street,  Bond  Street,  London,  W. 

TO  BOOK-BUYERS.— A  List  of  Second-hand 
BOOKS,  New  and  Old,  in  good  condition,  in  all  classes  of  Standard 
Literature.  One  Stamp  required  for  postage.— W.  HEATH,  197,  Oxford 
street,  London. 


PAINLESS  DENTAX  ATTENDANCE. 

MESSRS.  GABRIEL,  56,Harley  Street,  Cavendish 
Square  (.Established  1815).    The  Patentees  of 
OS  TEG    EIDON, 

the  improved  flexible  base  for  Artificial  Teeth  without  Springs  ;  fitted 
without  the  extraction  of  any  stumps,  and  affording  support  to  remain- 
I   ing  teeth. 

Messrs.  Gabbiel's  Addresses  arc  56  (late  27\  Barley  Street,  Caven- 
dish Square.  W..  and  64.  Ludgate  Hill  (near  Railway  Bridge),  City ;  at 
Liverpool,  134,  Duke  Street. 

Complete  Sets  from  5  to  25  Guineas. 

"  We  can  with  confidence  recommend  these  Teeth."— JVmcs. 

Gabriei's  Examel  Cejib.ni  for  restoring  decayed  Teeth,  5s.  per  box. 


THE  PRETTIEST  GIFT  for  a  LADY  is  one  of 
JONES'S  GOLD  LEVERS,  at  I U.  U«.  For  a  GENTLEMAN, 
one  at  lol.  lOs.  Rewarded  at  the  International  Exhibition  for  "Cheap- 
ness of  Production." 

Manufactory,  338,  Strand,  opposite  Somerset  House. 


S^^  S.  XI.  Apiul  G,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  G,  1SG7 
CONTENTS.— N"  275. 


NOTES:  — "Battle  of  Ivry,"  2G9  —  Matthew  Prior,  270  — 
Billows :  Hard  Weather,  271  —  Hymn  of  St.  Bernard, 
"  Jesu  Dulcis  Memoria,"  lb.  —  Cusack  and  Luttrell  Epi- 
grams, 272  —  "  Fasti  Ecclesiae  Scoticanse,"  &c.  —  Centena- 
rians in  the  State  of  Chili— Pronunciation  of  "Aspara- 
gus "  and  "  Coppice  "  —  Dr.  Charlton  —  Calling  the  Fair  — 
Paces  and  Handles  in  Old  Clocks— William  Penn— "  All  is 
lost  save  Honour,"  273. 

QUERIES:  — Age  of  MSS.  — G.  Chase  —  Funeral  Custom 

—  Heraldic  —  Interest  and  Usury  —  Liddell  Family  — 
Mare's  Nest —  "  Nee  pluribus  impar"— Pastoral  Staff — 
Putting  a  Man  under  a  Pot,  275. 

Queries  tvith  ANSwEES:—Athol  Stewarts  — Frampton, 
Bishop  of  Gloucester  —  Lord  Carlyle  —  St.  Andrew  — 
Bishop  Timothy  Hall  —  George  Thomson  —  Bunker's  Hill 

—  William  Congreve  —  "  Advice  to  the  British  Ai-my,"  277. 
REPLIES:- Ancient  Stone  Coffin,  &c.,  2S1  — Fert:  Arms 

of  Savoy,  282  —  Bede's  Chair,  283  —  Sco<?,  a  Local  Prefix, 
lb.  —  Levesell,  284  —  Dilamgerhendi  —  Double  Acrostics  — 
H.M.S.  Glatton  — Pearls  of  Eloquence  — "Dublin  Chris- 
tian Instructor  "  —  Liveing  —  Church  in  Portugal  —  St. 
Bernard  —  Queen  Charlotte  and  the  Chevalier  D'Eon  — 
Stonor  Family  —  "  The  Key  of  Paradise  "  —  Occurrences 
in  Edinburgh,  1688  —  Birth  of  Napoleon  II.  —  Lloyd 
Family  —  Norwegian  Earthquake  —  Song,  284. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


"BATTLE  OF  IVRY." 

Lord  Macaulay's  "  Battle  of  Ivry "  is  one  of 
those  graceful  productions  of  genius  which  always 
command  respect,  not  only  by  their  intrinsic 
merit,  hut  from  the  cause,  and  from  the  greatness 
of  the  men  they  honour.  We  study  the  event, 
and  fight  the  battle  o'er  again,  roused  by  the  vivid 
scene  created  by  memory  and  the  imagination. 
But  if  the  charm  of  the  Lay  arise  from  its  ideality 
of  treatment,  its  real  beauty  must  consist  in  its 
truth.  A  Lay  on  an  historical  event  of  the  six- 
teenth century  cannot  be  conceived  in  the  same 
spirit  as  one  on  some  Event  of  the  fabulous  history 
of  ancient  Rome.  We  accept  as  truth  the  fiction 
for  its  Reality;  but  we  are  chilled  if  truth  be 
levelled  down  to  fiction.  The  right  appreciation 
of  such  compositions  depends  very  much  upon  the 
reader.  A  Lay  is  not  an  Epic  poem.  It  cannot 
describe  minute  details,  but  it  should  by  vivid 
and  stirring  generalisation  convey  an  accurate 
impression  of  the  event.  We  must  witness  the 
marshalling  of  the  hosts;  we  must  catch,  as  if 
with  listening  ear,  the  tramp  of  the  armies,  and 
await  with  excited  nerve  and  fear  the  shock  of 
the  contest — as  the  war-horse  that  with  glowing 
veins  and  distended  nostril  paws  impatiently  the 
ground,  when  he  scents  the  battle  from  afar.  To 
rightly  estimate  the  poet,  we  must  follow  the 


guidance  of  history.  There  cannot  be  a  nobler 
theme  than  the  "  Battle  of  Ivry."  Lord  Macaulay 
has  termed  it  a  *'  Song  of  the  Huguenots."  It 
may  be  so,  as  representing  the  feeling  of  the 
Huguenot  force  in  the  battle.  But  "  Ivry  "  was 
won  by  the  united  strength,  valour,  and  military 
prowess  of  Catholic  Loyalists,  as  well  as  by  the 
bravery  of  the  Huguenots.  To  otherwise  describe 
it  would  be  fiction.  Let  us  resume  the  details. 
Henry's  plan  of  the  battle  was  submitted  to  a 
coimcil  of  war,  which  included  the  chiefs  of  both 
parties,  on  March  13, 1590.  This  plan  was  written 
out  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  Baron  de  Biron 
and  of  the  noble-hearted  Dominique  de  Vic.  This 
done,  Henry,  amid  the  ranks  grouped  around  him, 
addressed  his  prayer  to  God  for  their  success. 
The  prayer  excited  the  religious  feeling  of  all. 
The  churches  of  Nonancourt  were  thronged  by 
the  Catholic  nobility  and  their  squadrons.  The 
Huguenots  trooped  together  for  a  blessing  on  the 
same  cause  — 

"  And  they  cried  unto  the  living  God,  who  rules  the  fate 
of  war, 
To    fight    for    his   own    holy  name,    and    Henry   of 
Navarre  !  " 

But  of  the  total  absence  of  religious  hatred 
amid  the  ranks  we  have  incontestible  evidence. 
It  is  simply  natural  to  brave  men.  When  victory 
trembled  in  the  balance,  in  the  moment  of  the 
greatest  danger,  the  Catholic  La  Curee,  weary 
with  fighting,  and  who  had  had  three  horses 
killed  under  him,  dashed  through  the  yet  resisting 
ranks,  to  meet  the  Huguenot  Fouquerolles.  They 
exchanged  a  friendly  greeting,  then  separated  to 
retrieve  the  fight.  If  religious  hate  nerved  the 
hand  of  the  Huguenot  on  that  day,  it  was  against 
the  foe,  "  the  brood  of  false  Lorraine  and  Egmont's 
Flemish  spears ;  "  but  his  shout  of  triumph  was 
not  against — it  only  swelled  with  increased  force 
the  shouts  of  the  Catholic,  which  arose  ^'  amidst 
the  thickest  carnage  for  '  Henry  of  Navarre.' " 
Lord  Macaulay  has  described  the  foes  as  moving — 

"  .  .  .  .  to  the  mingled  din 
Of  fife  and  steed  and  trump  and  drum  and  roaring 
culverin." 

Now,  Mayenne  lost  the  battle  very  much  from 
his  deficiency  of  artillery  —  the  want  of  the 
"  roaring  culverin,"  The  description  is  highly 
poetic,  and  recalls  to  the  reader  those  incidents 
which  oppress,  yet  seem  to  enlarge,  the  mind  by 
their  presence  upon  the  eve  of  a  great  action.  It 
seems,  however,  impossible  to  reconcile  historic 
truth  with  the  following  lines  :  — 

"The  fiery  Duke    [Nemours]    is  pricking  fast  across 

St.  Andre's  plain 
With    all    the    hireling  chivalry    of   Guelders    and 

Almayne. 
Now  by  the  lips  of  those  ye  love,  fair  gentlemen  of 

France, 
Charge  for  the  golden  lilies, — upon  them  with  the  lance. 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67. 


A  thousand  spurs  are  striking  deep,  a  thousand  spears 

in  rest, 
A  thousand    knights  are   pressing  close  behind  the 

snow-white  crest." 

The  entire  force  of  tlie  cavalry  exceeded  this 
number,  but  not  greatly.  It  has  been  remarked 
that  a  thousand  spurs  would  be  exactly  a  spur  to 
each  man.  This  is  a  Colenso-arithmetic  criticism, 
but  the  statement  may  be  true.  Not  so,  how- 
ever, the  injunction  to  charge  on  them  with  the 
lance.  It  is  absolutely  refuted  by  the  strictest 
evidence.  There  is  no  fact  more  clear  than  that 
the  battle  of  Ivry  was  nearly  lost  by  the  loant  of 
the  lance.  Let  the  reader  refer  to  Henri  Martin, 
Histoire  de  France,  vol.  x.  p.  200  :  — 

"  Comme  k  Coutras,  la  Cavalerie  du  Bearnais  n'^tait 
armee  que  dcpees  et  de  pistolets  '. — la  suppression  de  la 
lance  d'abord  amenee  par  la  necessite  parmi  les  volon- 
taires  Protestants,  devenait  si/stematique.  Le  front  de 
I'armee  Ligueuse  pre'sentait  au  contraire  une  epaisse  foret 
de  lances." 

This  is  confirmed  in  full  detail  by  M.  Poirson, 
Henri  IV,  vol.  i.  p.  183.  He  says,  after  de- 
scribing the  effect  of  a  charge  of  lances,  the 
French  cavalry  — 

"se  composait  de  Noblesse  volontaire  qui  durant  les 
guerres  civiles,  avait  pr^fe're  a  I'usage  des  lances  qu'elle 
trouvait  embarrassantes  celui  des  pistolets  plus  aises  a 
manier." 

It  was  to  resist  the  inevitable  shock  of  this 
compact  force,  the  cavalry  under  the  "  fiery  Duke  " 
and  of  Egmont,  the  son  of  him  whom  Philip  II. 
murdered,  that  Henry  changed  his  plan  of  battle. 
The  victory  was  endangered  nevertheless  by  this 
superiority  of  Mayenne.  It  was  mainly  lost  by 
him  through  the  military  dispositions  of  Tavannes : 

"  Tavannes  avait  e'te'  charg^  de  ranger  la  cavalerie  en 
bataille.  Comme  il  avait  la  vne  tres  courte  il  pla(;a  les 
escadrons  beaucoup  trop  pres  les  uns  des  autres,  ne 
m^nagea  pas  entre  eux  la  distance  voulue." 

If  the  reader  will  refer  to  the  work  above  cited, 
he  will  see  the  consequence  of  this  disposition 
fully  described.  (Poirson,  vol.  i.  p.  212,  213.) 
For  a  Huguenot  to  urge  the  "  fair  gentlemen  of 
France"  therefore  to  charge  with  an  arm  they 
positively  liad  discarded,  weakens  not  only  the 
effect  of  the  poem,  but  lessens  the  great  qualities 
which  Henry  as  a  commander  displayed.  On 
other  points  the  description  is  most  accurate. 
"  D'Aumale  has  turned  his  rein.''  He  was  borne 
down  by  the  forces  under  the  charge  of  Schom- 
berg  and  of  Biron.  "  The  Flemish  Count  is  slain." 
Egmont  fell,  his  head  shattered  by  the  pistol- 
shot  of  Fonslebous.  "  The  cornet  white  with 
crosses  black,  the  flag  of  false  Lorraine"  was 
taken  by  Rosny,  overcome  by  seven  wounds,  from 
Sigognes  "charge  de  porter  la  cornette  blanche 
de  Mayenne." 

Right  true   are   the  words  of   mercy  which 


Henry  in  the  heat  of   victory  addressed  to  his 
soldiers.     It  is  impossible  to  admit  — 
"  That  WE  of  the  religion  have  borne  us  best  in  fight." 

There  is  also  a  trick  of  the  imagination,  which 
in  so  great  a  work  of  art  hardly  permits  of  repe- 
tition.    In  his   "Horatius"  Lord  Macaulay  has 
thus  described  the  great  "  Lord  of  Luna  "  eyeing 
his  enemies,  as  he  strode  to  the  conflict :  — 
"  He  smiled  on  those  bold  Romans — 
A  smile  serene  and  high  ; 
He  eyed  the  flinching  Tuscans, 
And  scorn  was  in  his  eye." 
It  might  be  so,  but  between  the  emotions  of  the 
Lord  of  Luna  and  of  Henry  IV.  there  seems  to 
have  been  but  little  difference,  since  we  read  — 
"  He  looked  upon  his  people,  and  a  tear  was  in  his  eye; 
He  looked  upon  the  traitors  (?),  and  his  glance  was 
stern  and  high." 
But  the  *'  Battle  of  Ivry  "  is  a  possession  for  all 
time — a  charming  effort  of  memory,  illumined  by 
a  vigorous  imagination ;  and  those  only  who  have 
heard  it  eloquently  declaimed  can  appreciate  the 
deep  flowing  vigour  of  its  line.  S.  H. 


MATTHEW  PRIOR. 

Some  years  ago  a  fellow  of  one  of  our  Univer- 
sities actually  made  a  boast  in  the  pages  of 
"N.  &  Q."  that  he  had  never  read  a  line  of  this 
poet.  I  cannot  do  the  same  ;  for  from  my  earliest 
years  he  has  been  a  favourite  with  me,  and  I  have 
always  regarded  him  as  one  of  our  most  original 
and  pleasing  poets,  only  a  little  too  careless  in  the 
matter  of  rhymes.  But  what  is  7ny  admiration 
compared  with  that  of  such  a  poet  as  Collins  ?  In 
this  writer's  most  original  and  delightful  poems 
the  critics  have  not  been  able  to  discover,  I  may 
say,  a  single  imitation.  Now  I  venture  to  assert 
that  he  did  imitate  one  poet,  and  that  poet  was 
Mat  Prior. 

Let  any  one  read  CoUins's  "To  fair  Fidele's 
grassy  tomb,"  "  In  yonder  grove  a  Druid  lies,"  and 
"  When  lost  to  all  his  former  mirth,"  and  then 

read  Prior's  ode  "  To  the  King after  the 

Queen's  death,"  and  say  if  he  had  it  not  in  his 
mind  when  writing  those  verses. 

As  few,  I  presume,  are  acquainted  with  Prior, 
I  give  here  a  few  stanzas  of  his  ode :  — 

"  At  Mary's  tomb,  sad  sacred  place, 
The  Virtues  shall  their  vigils  keep ; 
And  ev'ry  Muse  and  ev'ry  Grace 
In  solemn  state  shall  ever  weep. 
"  The  future  pious,  mournful  fair, 
Oft  as  the  rolling  years  return. 
With  fragrant  wreaths  and  flowing  hair. 
Shall  visit  her  distinguish'd  urn. 
"  For  her  the  wise  and  great  shall  mourn, 
When  late  records  her  deeds  repeat ; 
Ages  to  come  and  those  unborn 
Shall  bless  her  name  and  sigh  her  fate. 


3^''  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


"  Fair  Albion  shall,  with  faithful  trust, 
Her  holy  Queen's  sad  relics  guard, 
Till  Heaven  awakes  the  precious  dust, 
And  gives  the  saint  her  full  reward." 

A  further  proof  of  CoUins's  familiarity  v/ith 
Prior  is  this.  The  heroine  of  one  of  his  delight- 
ful Oriental  eclogues  is  Abra — a  name  only,  I  be- 
lieve, to  be  fomid  in  Prior's  " Solomon  '' ;  ''of 
whom,"  says  that  tasteful  critic,  Mr.  Aris  Wil- 
mott,  "he  wrote  four  of  the  sweetest  lines  in  the 
English  language  "  — 

"  Abra,  she  so  was  call'd,  did  soonest  haste 

To  grace  my  presence ;  Abra  was  the  last ; 

Abra  was  ready,  ere  I  call'd  her  name  ; 

And,  though  I  call'd  another,  Abra  came." 

There  is  a  line  we  hear  continually  quoted, 
and  as  it  is  always  quoted  incorrectly,  we  may  be 
sure  that  none  of  those  who  use  it  know  where  it 
comes  from.     It  is  — 

"  Small  by  degrees  and  beautifuU}-  less," 
and  it  is  part  of  the  following  passage  in  Prior's 
"Henry  and  Emma :  "  — 

"No  longer  shall  the  boddice,  aptly  lac'd 
From  thj'  full  bosom  to  thy  slender  waist, 
That  air  and  harmony  of  shape  express, 
Fine  bj'  degrees  and  beautifully  less." 

I  hope  now  people  will  think  more  correctly  of 
the  poetry  of  Matthew  Prior. 

Thos.  Keightley. 


BILLOWS :  HARD  WEATHER. 

It  may  perhaps  be  worth  recording,  that 
the  Norfolk  peasants  use  the  word  billows  for 
snow-drifts  or  wreaths.  The  Eastern  Counties 
people,  descendants  for  the  most  part  of  the 
Puritans  (we  can,  however,  show  some  Cavalier 
families  even  there),  still  use  many  words  with  a 
sound  of  the  Holy  Bible  in  them — poetical  words 
to  our  modern  ears — such  as  fetnjiest  for  thunder- 
storm. 

I  feel  tempted  to  ask  you  to  preserve  in 
"N.  &  Q."  a  few  extracts  from  a  letter  from  my 
father  (the  Rev.  J.  C.  Barkley,  vicar  of  Little 
Melton,  Norfolk,)  which  may,  in  future  mild 
winters,  be  interesting  to  your  readers  as  a  record 
of  what,  even  in  these  prosaic  times,  may  occur. 
After  telling  of  dinner  parties  spoiled,  and  people 
unable  to  reach  home  having  to  beg  hospitality 
at  the  nearest  houses,  he  says  that,  in  the  week 
after  the  2nd  of  January,  when  we  were  rendered 
so  miserable  in  London,  they  had  in  Norfolk 
''  comparatively  little  snow,  though  happily 
enough  to  protect  the  young  wheat  and  layers ;" 
but  the  frost  was  very  severe  —  his  thermometer 
baving  registered  the  following  degrees  of  cold 
(below  freezing)  on  five  successive  nights,  15°, 
22°,  19°,  27°,  30°.    He  then  says  that  a  rapid 


thaw  and  heavy  rain  set  in,  producing  the  greatest 
flood  they  have  had  for  years  :  — 

"  The  open  weather  lasted,  however,  barely  a  week. 
The  frost  set  in  again,  and  has  continued  ever  since  [his 
letter  is  dated  Saturday,  Jan.  llj  .  .  .  The  degrees  ot 
cold  [below  freezing]  have  been  19°,  13°,  27°,  20°,  17°, 
7°,  9°,  17°,  and  snow  has  fallen  every  day,  very  heavily 
at  times.  On  Wednesday  it  began  to  drift,  with  wind 
fiom  N.N.E.  to  N.W. ;  and  by  Thursday,  at  daylight, 
all  our  roads  were  impassable.     The  worst  drift  was  from 

the  corner  of  our  plantation  to  Miss  C 's  orchard,  and 

then  from  Mr.  D 's  to  within  50  yards  of  Bawburgh 

Lane  [i.  e.  for  about  half  a  mile  ^long  a  broad  turnpike 
road].  ...  On  the  north  side  of  the  road  it  averaged 
quite  8  feet  deep,  sloping  down  to  3  feet  against  the 
opposite  hedge.  .  .  .  Yesterday,  after  some  difficulty, 
I  got  our  farmers  to  set  some  20  men  to  work  on  the 
turnpike  road  ;  and  by  the  evening  they  cleared  a  pas- 
sage through  the  drift,  so  that  the  communication  with 
Norwich  is  now  restored.     .     .     .     Our  old  people  here, 

C ,  E ,  T—  F ,  &c.,  all  say  that  there  has  been 

no  such  snow  since  'Bonaparte's  winter,'  1814.  Then 
the  billows  were  greater,  but  the  fields  were  in  great  part 
denuded  of  snow  to  form  them.  Now  the  snow  is  every- 
where to  the  average  depth  of  12  or  14  inches.  There  is 
not  a  bare  patch.  In  places  sheltered  from  the  wind, 
where  consequently  no  drifting  occurred  (our  kitchen- 
garden  for  instance),  the  snow  is  quite  2  feet  deep.  This 
has  been  quite  like  a  summer  day  over-head — not  a  cloud 
in  the  sky,  and  a  bright  warm  sun.  Nevertheless,  the 
snow  hangs  upon  the  trees,  so  that  from  the  front  door 
we  cannot  see  through  to  the  road.  At  2  o'clock  the 
thermometer  was  up  to  35°.  Now,  4  o'clock,  it  is  down 
to  22°,  with  snow  clouds  rising  in  the  N.N.E.  .  .  . 
My  congregations  for  the  last  two  Sundays  have  been 
very  small  in  the  mornings.  Last  Sunday  I  stopped  at 
the  end  of  Morning  Prayer.  The  Sunday  before  I  dropped 
the  sermon  only.  lu  the  afternoons  of  both  days  we  had 
from  35  to  40  persons.  But  the  cold  was  very  severe.  If 
the  wind  rises  (and  the  red  sky  betokens  it  now) ,  our 
roads  will  all  be  "blocked  again.  Happily  we  have  a  good 
stock  of  coals,  and  your  mother  is  buying  up  lots  of  pork. 
Butter  is  not  to  be  had  for  moneyj  but  Ave  get  a  little 
here  and  there  for  love  and  monej'  combined.  I  was 
all  round  the  parish  on  Tuesday,  and  again  yesterdaj', 
but  did  not  come  upon  any  dis'tress  as  yet  in  the  cot- 
tages." 

I  may  as  well  tell  you  that  Little  Melton  is  a 
very  Utile  place  ;  and  that  the  church — a  very  an- 
cient one,  with  an  open  thatched  roof — is  un- 
warmed.  0.  W.  Baeklet. 

7,  Paulton's  Square,  Chelsea. 


HYMN  OF  ST.  BERNARD,  "JESU  DULCIS 
MEMORIA." 
Looking  over  a  very  excellent  periodical,  The 
Literary  Jf 'or^jna?i,  which  appeared  weekly  through 
the  year  I860,  I  came  to  an  article  (p.  447)  on 
the  iiymn,  "Jesus,  the  only  thought  of  Thee," 
in  which  the  writer  has  fallen  into  two  mistakes. 
First,  he  attributes  the  composition  of  the  hymn 
to  the  poet  Dryden,  not  being  aware  that  what 
appears  in  Catholic  prayer-books  is  only  a  free 
translation  of  the  first  part  of  the  hymn  of  St. 
Bernard,    "  Jesu    dulcis    memoria."      Secondly, 


272 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67. 


speaking  of  tlie  English  version,  wliicli  lie  gives 
from  an  ancient  Primer  of  1673,  lie  supposes  that 
to  have  been  the  work  of  Dryden.  But  Dryden, 
it  is  well  known,  did  not  become  a  convert  to  the 
Catholic  religion  till  the  reign  of  James  11.,  and 
was  not  likely  to  have  translated  a  Catholic  hymn 
a  dozen  years  before  his  conversion. 

The  real  translator  of  St.  Bernard's  hymn, 
whose  version  is  so  familiar  to  us,  was  Pope. 
The  hymn  given  in  the  above  magazine  from  a 
Primer  of  1673  is  quite  a  diiferent  translation,  the 
work  of  some  one  whose  name  may  never  be  re- 
covered. It  is  very  inferior  to  that  made  by  Pope 
several  years  afterwards.  The  first  book  with 
Pope's  translation  that  I  have  seen,  is  a  Primer 
now  before  me,  the  full  title  of  which  is  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

"  The  Primer,  or  Office  of  the  B.  Virgin  Mary,  revis'd  : 
with  a  new  and  approved  Version  of  the  Church-Hymns 
throughout  the  Year :  to  which  are  added  the  remaining 
Hvmns  of  the  Roman  Breviary.  Faithfully  Corrected. 
Printed  in  the  Year  1717." 

It  was  printed  in  London  hj  Thomas  Meig- 
han  in  Drury  Lane,  This  was  when  Pope  was 
in  his  thirtieth  year.  His  translation  is  given 
in  this  Primer  in  its  original  form,  which  has 
been  much  altered,  but  in  many  places  by  no 
means  improved,  to  the  hymn  which  has  long 
been  printed  in  Catholic  prayer-books.  The  alter- 
ations were  probably  made  by  Bishop  Challoner, 
as  the  hymn  in  its  present  form  first  appeared  in 
the  Garden  of  the  Soul,  which  was  his  compila- 
tion, and  which  he  published  in  1767. 

The  hymn  "  Veni  Sancte  Spiritus  "  was  trans- 
lated by  Dryden ;  and  as  the  above  Primer  contains 
a  version  of  that  hymn,  it  is  probably  his ;  but  it 
differs  entirely  from  the  one  in  the  Garden  of  the 
Soul.  The  hymn  "Dies  Irse  "  was  translated  by 
Lord  Eoscommon,  though  Warton  attributes  it 
to  Crashaw.  It  does  not,  however,  appear  in  the 
old  collection  of  Crashaw's  poems  printed  in  1646. 
I  may  add  that  it  is  given  almost  word  for  word 
as  we  now  have  it  in  the  Primer  of  1717.  Ano- 
ther edition  of  this  prayer-book  appeared  in  1732, 
but  later  on  it  was  superseded  by  the  Manual ; 
though  this  itself  had  appeared  as  early  as  1599, 
printed  at  "  Calice  "  (Calais).  An  edition  of  the 
Manual,  printed  at  London  in  1688,  was  reprinted 
at  Paris  in  1702 ;  and  this  reprint  is  remarkable 
for  its  containing  a  Prayer  for  the  Royal  Family, 
thus  designated:  "James  IIL  our  King,  Mary 
the  Queen  Mother,  Queen  Katharine,  and  the 
Princess  Louisa";  and  is  also  notable  for  the 
"Privilege  du  Roy,"  setting  forth  that  — 

"  Edicard  Butler,  Libraire  Anglois,  nous  ayant  fait  sup- 
plier de  lui  accorder  nos  Lettres  de  permission  pour  la 
reimpression  d^une  paire  d'Heures  en  larufue  angloise,  In- 
titulee,  A  Manual  of  Devout  Prayers,  and  other  Christian 
Devotions  :  Nous  lui  avons  perrais  et  accorde,  etc." 

F.  C.  H. 


CUSACK  AND  LUTTRELL  EPIGRAMS. 

The  following  epigram  has  been  repeatedly  said  to 
be  current  in  the  county  of  Clare ;  at  least  such  was 
the  statement  of  a  clergyman  having  connections 
in  that  county.  Some  of  the  readers  of  "N.  &  Q.," 
taking  interest  in  the  history  of  the  last  century, 
may  afford  information  as  to  the  person  lampooned 
in  it,  or  to  whom  its  authorship  is  to  be  attri- 
buted :  — 

"  Th'  Almighty's  pleased 

When  man  doth  cease  from  sin  ; 
The  Devil  is  pleased 
When  he  a  soul  doth  win. 
"  The  world  is  pleased 

Whene'er  a  sinner  dies ; 
And  all  are  pleased, 
For  here  Jack  Cusack  lies  !  " 

It  may  assist  a  little  the  inquiry  to  observe  the 
family  likeness  that  exists  between  it  and  another 
similar  eff'usion,  which  can  be  dated  with  pre- 
cision. 

Colonel  Henry  Luttrell  has,  by  writers  of  a 
particular  school,  been  consigned  to  an  unenviable 
literary  immortality  by  being  designated  as  the  man 
who  sold  the  pass  at  Limerick  to  King  William's 
forces. 

He  met  his  death  in  a  sad  manner  in  the  year 
1717.  A  curious  examination  taken  on  oath  on 
October  31,  17l7,  confirms  the  fact  of  his  death 
by  violence,  on  Tuesday,  October  22,  and  also  that 
a  written  paper  was  brought  to  a  certain  Mr.  Har- 
ris to  the  effect  that  Henry  Luttrell  and  Symon 
were  brothers ;  that  Symon  always  stood  firm  to 
King  James's  cause, — went  to  France  with  him, 
and  died  there ;  that  Henry  forsook  his  master, 
and  betrayed  a  pass  near  Aghrim ;  that  he  was 
afterwards  tried  at  Limerick ;  that  Tyrconnell  and 
Sarsfield  were  of  the  court  martial ;  that  he 
abused  them  on  his  trial,  and  called  them  Cow- 
boys ;  that  he  had  500/.  per  annum  from  King 
William  for  his  services,  and  his  brother's  estate ; 
that  he  kept  several  misses,  and  disinherited  a 
son  by  a  former  miss,  but  left  him  300Z. ;  that 
he  declared  upon  his  death-bed  he  was  married 
to  his  last  miss,  and  left  her  300/.  per  annum ; 
that  he  made  Lord  Cadogan  his  executor  with 
others  ;  that  he  was  to  be  hanged  or  shot,  but  was 
reprieved  by  the  sudden  surrender,  from  that  time 
till  Tuesday,  October  22,  1717. 

Hardiman,  who  was  employed  by  Government 
in  the  Record  Commission,  writes  in  his  usual 
forcible  manner  of  this  unhappy  event.  He  pre- 
faces the  epigram  with  the  following  observa- 
tions :  — 

"  So  effectually  did  the  settlers  pursue  the  Machiavelian 
policy,  '  divide*  et  impera,'  that  it  gave  rise  to  the  dis- 
graceful adage,  '  put  an  Irishman  on  the  spit  and  you 
will  find  another  to  turn  him ' ;  but  be  it  remembered 
that  the  son  of  the  settler  was  generally  the  turnspit. 
Espionage  and  deceit  were  the  invariable  rule  of  English 


S^'i  S.  XI.  Apr.iL  6,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273 


conduct  towards  the  unfortunate  Irish.  The  last — and  it 
is  to  be  hoped  it  will  be  the  last — signal  act  of  treacherj- 
in  Ireland,  was  committed  by  the  descendant  of  a  settler, 
Col.  Heniy  Luttrell,  who  sold  the  pass  at  Limerick  to 
Kincf  William's  forces.  Lord  Westmeata  endeavoured 
ineffectually  to  acquit  the  unhappy  man  of  the  char|;e. 
He  survived,  an  object  of  general  execration,  until  the 
vear  1717,  when  he  was  shot  in  a  sedan  chair  in  Stafford 
Street,  Dublin." 

Then  follows  tlie  epigram  on  his  death,  to 
•which  he  had  adverted  :  — 

"  If  Heav'n  be  pleased  when  mortals  cease  to  sin, 
If  Hell  be  pleased  when  villains  enter  in, 
If  Earth  be  pleased  when  it  entombs  a  knave, 
All  must  be  pleased  now  Luttrell's  in  his  grave." 

The  authorship  of  this  villanous  quatrain  has 
probably  never  been  ascertained  ;  but  it  may  have 
been  the  production  of  Harris  the  Examinant,  a 
wretched  hireling,  as  his  affidavit  ;f)roves. 

The  journals  of  the  day  record  that  the  unfor- 
tunate Luttrell  was  shot  as  he  was  getting  into 
a  sedan  chair,  coming  out  of  a  coffee-house  in 
IDublin.  This  was  a  common  mode  of  conveyance 
for  gentlemen,  as  appears  from  many  anecdotes  and 
the  caricatures  of  the  period.  Waylaid  by  some 
assassin,  his  murder  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
followed  either  by  any  inquest  by  a  coroner,  or 
other  judicial  inquiry  or  investigation.  The  as- 
sassin escaped,  and  does  not  appear  to  haye  been 
ever  discovered  or  even  pursued. 

With  regard  to  the  first  epigram,  it  may  further 
be  observed  that  the  Cusack  mentioned  in  it  is  said 
to  have  been  a  Protestant  discoverer;  but  the 
name  is  thoroughly  foreign  to  Ireland.  It  occurs 
in  France  and  in  foreign  genealogies  in  the  form 
De  Cusaque,  and  in  Scotland  and  elsewhere  as 
Kisack.  It  is  quite  true  there  is  an  Irish  name 
mentioned  in  some  deeds  of  the  seventeenth  and 
eighteenth  centuries,  which  is  written  in  the  Irish 
characters  *Mac  ^yo^,  {.  e.  Mac  Isog,  aqd  this  has 
been  rendered  Mac  Cusack ;  but  query,  was  not 
even  this  an  attempt  on  the  part  of  some  foreigner 
to  Hibemicise  his  name  in  order  to  ingratiate  him- 
self and  get  into  favour  among  the  too  trusting  and 
kindly  Irish  natives  ?  The  subject  of  these  epi- 
grams is  an  historic  one  of  some  interest,  as  well 
as  of  uncertainty,  and  well  deserving  of  the  eluci- 
dation of  some  accurate  investigator. 

Query:  Was  not  Harris,  the  person  already 
named,  the  probable  author  of  the  lines  on  un- 
happy Luttrell  ?  The  affidavit  above  mentioned 
makes  this  very  likely.  GoBHAJ^ifACH. 

[This  epigram  appears  to  have  been  originallv  written 
on  Edward  Coleman,  the  Jesuit,  executed  for  high  treason 
on  Dec.  3, 1678  :— 

ELEGY  ON  COLEJIAN. 

"  If  Heaven  be  pleased,  when  sinners  cease  to  sin. 
If  hell  be  pleased,  when  souls  are  damned  therein. 
If  earth  be  pleased,  when  its  rid  of  a  knave. 
Then  all  are  pleased,  for  Coleman's  in  his  grave." 
State  Poems,  1704,  vol.  iii. 


It  has  also  been  made  to  do  duty  for  Bishop  Burnet : 
see  Booth's  Epigrams,  ed.  1865,  p.  100,  and  "  N.  &  Q." 
1»'  S.  V.  58, 137.— Ed.] 


"Fasti  Ecclesi^  ScoTicAif^,  the  succession  of 
Ministers  in  the  Parish  Churches  of  Scotland 
from  the  Eeformation,  a.d.  1560,  to  the  present 
time."  Will  you,  Mr.  Editor,  kindly  allow  me 
to  bring  this  work  to  the  notice  of  your  readers  ? 
The  author  is  himself  a  parish  clergyman,  the 
Eev.  Mr.  Hew  Scott,  A.M.  and  F.S.A.  Scot, 
minister  of  the  parish  of  Anstruther  Wester,  in 
Fifeshire,  whose  extensive  information  on  all  mat- 
ters relating  to  the  ecclesiastical  antiquities  of 
Scotland,  and  readiness  and  courtesy  in  commu- 
nicating it  are  well  known. 

Part  I.,  comprising  the  Synod  of  Lothian  and 
Tweedale,  has  already  been  issued  (Edin.  Paterson; 
London,  J.  R.  Smith  :  4to.) 

Part  II.,  including  the  three  Southern  Synods  of 
Merse  and  Teviotdale,  Dumfries,  and  Galloway, 
is  in  the  printer's  hands;  and  the  work  when 
finished  vdU  be  comprised  in  three  vols.  4to,  form- 
ing a  companion  to  the  Origines  Parochiales  Sco- 
ti(s,  of  which  it  may  in  some  measure  be  regarded 
as  a  continuation. 

The  work  is  one  of  immense  labour  and  research, 
fuU  of  biographical  and  genealogical  details,  and 
will  be  indispensable  to  the  historian,  the  biogra- 
pher, and  the  genealogist. 

"  Some  idea  of  the  labour  and  continuous  research  in- 
volved in  preparing  the  work  may  be  formed,  when  the 
author  states  that  he  has  visited  "all  the  Presbyteries  in 
the  Church,  and  about  seven  hundred  and  sixtj'  different 
Parishes,  for  the  purpose  of  examining  the  existing  re- 
cords. In  this  way  he  has  had  an  opportunity  of  search- 
ing eight  hundred  and  sixty  volumes  of  Presbytery,  and 
one  hundred  volumes  of  Synod  Records,  besides"  those 
of  the  General  Assembly,  along  with  the  earty  Registers 
of  Assignations  and  Presentations  to  Benefices,  and  about 
four  hundred  and  thirty  volumes  of  the  Testament  Regis- 
ters in  the  different  Commissariats." — Extract  from  Pre- 
face. 

The  concluding  sentence  of  the  prospectus  of 
the  work,  a  copy  of  which  I  beg  to  enclose  for 
your  inspection,  Mr.  Editor,  will  explain  why  I 
venture  to  ask  you  to  notice  it: — "Being under- 
taken altogether  as  a  labour  of  love,  the  author 
begs  to  add  that  any  profits  will  be  devoted  to 
the  societies  for  the  sons  and  the  institution  for 
the  daughters  of  the  clergy."  F.  M.  S. 

CENTENAKIAIfS  IN   THE  SlATE  OP  ChILI. — As 

the  question  of  centenarianism  has  often  been 
raised  in  "  N.  &  Q."  I  beg  to  forward  you  an  ex- 
tract which  I  have  had  made  from  a  newspaper. 
It  is  an  exact  copy.  Perhaps  some  of  your 
foreign  correspondents  may  be  able  to  vouch  for 
the  accuracy  or  otherwise  of  the  statements. 


274 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'<»  S.  XI.  April  6,  '■ 


384  persons  of  100  j^ears, 


13^ 

101 

2 

113      „ 

57 

102 

114      „ 

20 

103 

,, 

15 

115       „ 

41 

104 

J, 

116       „ 

46 

,, 

105 

„ 

117      „ 

9 

■ 

106 

118      „ 

9 

107 

J, 

119       .., 

10 

108 

J, 

11 

J, 

120      „ 

7 

109 

,, 

„ 

122      „ 

65 

^, 

110 

,, 

„ 

130      „ 

6 

„ 

111 

„ 

„ 

140       „ 

persons  of  112  years. 


Copied  from  the  Mercurio  of  Valparaiso,  dated 
Sept.  8,  1866,  No.  11,756. 


Persons  from 

Persons  from 

ProTinces. 

100  to  140  years 

SO  to  99  years 

inclusiTe. 

inclusive. 

Chiloe       . 

18 

393 

Llanquihue 

25 

292 

Valdivia 

17 

185 

Arauco    . 

42 

516 

Conception 

88 

.    1065 

Nuble      . 

59 

956 

Maule      . 

101 

1504 

Talea       . 

39 

790 

Colchagua 

108 

1459 

Santiago 

136 

2103 

Valparaiso 

51 

803 

Aconcaqua 

75 

1038 

Coquimbo 

54 

897 

Atacama 

19 

248 

832 

12,249j 

The  population  of  the  State  of  Chile  is  esti- 
mated at  3,000,000  (less  than  London).      T.  B. 

[In  justice  to  England,  we  must  remind  our  readers 
that  we  can  still  boast  of  Old  Parr,  who  is  said — we  hope 
■\ve  cannot  say  believed — to  have  lived  till  he  was  152 ; 
and  better  still,  Old  Jenkins,  who  claimed  to  be  169.  Un- 
fortunately we  cannot  any  longer  point  with  satisfaction 
to  the  Old  Countess  of  Desmond.  Scepticism  in  her  case 
has  done  its  worst. — Ed.  "N.  &  Q."] 

Pronunciation  of  "  Aspaeagtts  "  and  "  Cop- 
pice."— One  of  Leech's  drawings  in  Punch  repre- 
sented a  sensitive  swell,  with  closed  eyes  and 
uplifted  hands,  addressing  a  yelling  costermonger 
to  this  effect—"  My  good  fellow !  I  feel  sure  that 
you  are  about  to  say  '  Yah— ah  !  sparrergrass  ! ' 
Will  you  oblige  me  for  the  future  by  saying 
'  asparagus  '  ?  "  I  would  venture  to  ask  whether 
"  sparrowgrass  "  is  not  the  older  and  truer  pro- 
nunciation. In  fact,  like  "obleege"  and  some 
other  words,  it  obtains  to  the  present  day,  for  I 
have  heard  it  so  called  by  the  sister  of  an  earl,  a 
lady  upwards  of  seventy  years  of  age.  And  in 
the  household  book  of  Sir  William  Fitzwilliam, 
of  Milton,  among  the  entries  in  the  year  1611  of 
"onyons,  cabbidges,  hartechokes,"  &c.,  is  this 
item — ''Twoe  roots  of  Sparrowgres,  12''."  In  the 
same  book,  coppice  (a  small  wood)  is  more  fre- 
quently written  "  coppie,"  which  is  the  pronuncia- 


tion given  to  that  word  at  the  present  day  by  the 
class  of  agricultural  labourers. 

Ctjthbert  Bede. 
De.  Charlton.  —  This  antiquary,  who  lived 
in  the  days  of  King  Charles  II.,  appears  to  have 
been  as  unlucky  as  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  was  with 
respect  to  his  patron  ;  for,  in  a  letter  dated  Feb. 
4,  1671,  written  by  Dr.  Charlton  to  his  friend, 
Mr.  T.  Aubrey  (still  extant),  was  the  following 
paragraph,  which  seemed  to  contain  his  genuine 
opinion :  — 

"  I  send  you  herewith  the  double  scheme  of  my  un- 
happy nativity  erected  by  the  study  of  the  Lord  Brounker, 
not  that  I  am  so  vain  as  either  to  put  the  least  con- 
fidence in  judiciary  astrology,  whose  very  fundamentals 
seem  to  be  precarious  and  fraudulent,  or  to  believe  my 
birth  considerable  enough  to  be  registered  by  the  stars, 
but  merely  to  gratif)-  your  curiosity  by  exhibiting  to 
j'ou  a  specimen  of  the  Great  Mathematician's  skill  in  that 
part  of  learning  which  you  are  pleased  to  call  divine. 
And  to  certify  to  you  that  it  was  hys  work  (in  the  dayes 
when  I  was  so  credulous  to  flatter'myself  with  hopes  of 
friendship,  and  to  strive  to  deserve  it)  you  have  the 
paper  written  to  his  own  hand,  which  I  wholly  resign  to 
your  disposal  without  transcription  or  care  what  becomes 
of  it.  His  professions  of  love  and  gratitude  having  all 
proved  vain  and  delusive  to  me,  I  have  no  faith  in  his 
predictions  nor  value  for  any  of  his  papers  of  this  kind. 
To  wish  you  may  herein  be  of  my  opinion  were  unfriendly, 
yet  'tis  not  unreasonable  in  me  to  fear  you  will  be  so,  "if 
you  come  once  to  that  degree  of  infelicitj'  to  want  his 
assistance,  or  depend  upon  his  sincerity.  I  rather  wish 
you  maj'have  the  pleasure  of  hearing  his  compliments, 
and  the  security  of  not  believing  them.  For  what  you 
call  a  slowness  of  comprehension  in  him  is  in  my  experi- 
ence a  defect  of  generosity  in  his  nature ;  nor  do  I  think 
it  possible  for  him  to  oblige  anj'  but  a  Miss.  This  free- 
dom of  mine  proceeds  merely  from  my  love  of  you,  whom 
I  would  fain  divert  from  a  rock  on  which  I  have  .been 
shipwrecked,  and  you  ought  therefore  to  take  it  in  good 
part,  especially  since  3'ou  cannot  doubt  the  truth  of  my 
remark.  If  you  would  make  him  your  patron  and  raiser, 
you  have  no  other  way  to  doe  it  but  by  bribing  his  mer- 
cenary ladj',  .who  by  that  means  alone  became  his  after 
she  had  passed  through  as  many  hands  as  the  R.  S.  hath 
members,  and  many  more  than  she  has  teeth  in  her  gums 
of  nature's  setting.  This  is  honest  counsel,  grounded 
upon  a  thousand  experiments,  made  to  the  cost  and  grief 
of  your  affect,  humble  servant, 

"  W.  Charlton." 

This  Lord  Brounker  is  often  mentioned  in  Pepys' 
Diary.  Chr.  Cooke. 

Oxford. 

Calling  the  Fair. — I  send  a  copy  of  the  form 
still  used  in  one  of  the  old  Border  towns,  and 
finishing  off  with  "  God  save  the  Queen  and  the 
Lords  of  the  Manor  :  "  — 

One  of  the  Lords ;— "  A.  B.  and  C.  D.  Lords  of  the 
Manor  of  E.,  do  hereby  in  Her  Majesty's  name  strictly 
charge  and  command  all  manner  of  persons  coming  and 
resorting  to  this  fair,  that  they  and  everj'  of  them  do  well 
and  truly  observe  the  form  and  keep  Her  Majesty's  peace 
without  making  of  any  assault  or  fray,  or  wearing  any 
unlawful  arms  or  weapons  contrary  to  the  statute  law  iii 
this  case  made  and  provided,  as  pistols,  carbines,  and 
guns,  or  such  like  arms;  and  this  fair  is  to  endure  and 


3"»  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


275 


continue  the  space  of  three  whole  days,  whereof  this  is 
the  first,  wherein  every  man  may  and  shall  have  free 
liberty  lawfully  to  sell,  buy,  and  exchange  at  his  and 
their  wills  and  pleasure  all  manner  of  goods  here  brought 
to  be  sold  or  exchanged  without  regrating  or  forestalling, 
they  coming  to  the  Keeper  and  Tollers  of  the  fair,  and 
for  every  kind  of  cattle  so  bought  and  sold  to  pay  the  toll 
accustomed.  And  this  is  further  to  give  notice,  and  in 
behalf  of  the  Lords  of  this  Manor  it  is  hereby  declared, 
that  if  any  person  or  persons  that  shall  buy  any  manner 
of  goods  and  doth  convey  them  without  the  precincts  and 
liberties  of  this  fair  having  not  paid  toll  for  them,  such 
goods  being  by  the  Bailiff  or  Keeper  of  the  fair  taken 
shall  be  forfeited  to  the  Lords  of  the  Manor.  And  fur- 
ther, this  is  to  give  notice  that  if  any  dispute  or  question 
concerning  any  bargain  or  sale,  or  if  any  difference  shall 
happen  to  arise  within  this  fair  concerning  any  bargain 
or  sale  or  other  contract  between  party  and  party,  that 
the  party  aggrieved  do  resort  to  the  Bailiff  of  the  town, 
when  everj'  man  shall  have  justice  done  him  according 
to  the  equity  of  his  cause,  and  all  offenders  and  breakers 
of  the  public  peace  shall  be  punished  according  to  the« 
statute  in  that  case  made  and  provided." 

E.  H.  A. 

Paces  and  Handles  in  Old  Clocks. — An  old 
writer,  quoted  by  Cawdray,  says :  — 

"  Like  as  in  a  clock  there  be  divers  wheels,  whereof 
some  be  moved  slower,  some  faster,  and  yet  all  are 
directed  by  one  handle  :  so  in  this  world  all  creatures  are 
guided  and  governed  by  one  and  the  same  Providence." — 
Treasurie  of  Similies,  London,  1609,  p.  556. 

Another  writer  of  the  same  century,  comparing 
the  heart  to  a  clock,  says :  — 

"  God  looks  on  all  the  wheels  and  paces  within,  as  well 
as  on  the  handle  without." 

In  the  first  extract  I  understand  "handle"  to 
mean  the  keij  which  winds  up  the  clock ;  in  the 
second  to  mean  the  index,  or  what  we  call  the 
hands.  I  liave  just  been  reading  The  Snturdai/ 
JRevieio  notice  of  Mr.  Wood's  Curiosities  of  Clocks 
and  Watches  from  the  Earliest  Ti^nes,  where  it  is 
stated  that  — 

"  until  nearlj'  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
watches  had  only  one  hand — namely,  that  which  pointed 
to  the  hours.  This  improvement  is  said  to  have  been 
made  by  Daniel  Quare,  a  Quaker,  and  a  famous  clock- 
maker  of  that  period." 

I  suppose  this  applies  to  clocks  as  well  as  watches. 
It  would  be  hard  in  this  way  to  get  within  half 
an  hour  of  the  right  time,  measuring  by  the  eye. 
The  word  "paces"  I  take  to  be  an  old  word  for 
iveiffhts,  from  the  French  ^esa?j^,  as  "poises  "from 
poids.  Q.  Q. 

William  Penn.  — On  Nov.  28, 1708,  Captain 
Woodes  Rogers,  lying  off  Angra  dos  Reyes,  South 
Brazil,  entertained  on  board  his  ship  the  gover- 
nor, fathers  from  the  convent,  and  other  gentlemen 
of  the  town :  — 

"  They  were  very  merry,  and  in  their  cups  propos'd 
the  Pope's  health  to  us  ;  but  we  were  quits  with  'em,  by 
toasting  that  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury ;  to  keep 
up  the  humour,  we  also  propos'd  William  Fen's  to  them  ; 
and  they  lik'd  the  liquor  so  well,  that  they  refus'd 
neither." —  Voyage  round  the  World,  p.  44. 


Did  the  ''humour"  of  this  last  lie  in  ''the 
aspersion  of  Popery  and  Jesuitism,"  as  Popple 
expresses  it,  that  had  been  cast  upon  Penn,  or 
merely  in  the  audacity  of  toasting  a  sober  and 
peaceful  "  Friend "  on  board  a  ship  of  war,  and 
bantering  the  good  Catholic  guests  ? 

Speaking  of  Penn,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  cor- 
rect a  slight  error  into  which  your  correspondent 
*.  has  fallen,  when  he  says  (S'"  S.  xi.  38)  that 
"  Mr.  Richard  Penn,  who  died  in  April,  1863," 
was  "  the  last  of  the  family  of  the  renowned 
Quaker."  There  were  a  few  weeks  ago,  and  I 
trust  I  may  say  now  are,  living  in  England,  at 
least  two  of  his  descendants  and  inheritors  of  his 
honoured  name.         Thomas  Stewabdson,  Jtjn. 

Philadelphia. 

"All  is  lost  save  Honoto."  —  The  famous 
dicton  of  Francis  I. — "  All  is  lost  but  honour  " — is 
known  to  everyone.  The  exact  terms  and  mode 
may  be  as  new  to  some  of  your  readers  as  it  is  to 
me.  The  following  may  in  that  case  be  worth  a 
line  or  two  in  "  N.  &  Q."  These  fine  sayings  are 
so  much  at  a  discount  now,  that  one  likes  to  be 
able  to  fix  one  at  least :  — 

"  Lettre  de  Frangois  /«'"  a  la  Regente  sa  mere. 

"  Madame,  pour  vous  faire  savoir  comment  se  porte 
le  reste  de  nion  infortune,  de  toutes  choses  ne  m'est  de- 
vienre  que  Vhonneur  et  la  vie,  qui  est  saulve." —  Captivite  de 
Francois  /«'",  bj'  M.  Aime  Champollion-Figeac,  4to, 
Paris,  1847,  p.  129,  Imprimerie  Royale.  (Extracted, 
Revue  des  Deux  Mondeg,  Feb.  '66,  tom.  Ixi.  p.  546.) 

This  is  from  the  letter  of  safe-conduct,  through 
France,  given  to  the  Viceroy  of  Naples,  for  the 
Commander  Penalosa,  the  morning  after  Pavia, 
at  the  Viceroy's  request,  to  speed  the  news  of  the 
victory  to  his  master  Charles  V.  at  Madrid: 
though  then  Francis  did  not  say,  as  he  entered 
the  city  after  his  defeat,  "  All  is  lost  but  honour," 
still  he  wrote,  as  M.  Mignet  justly  says,  "  Ces 
nobles  et  touchantes  paroles,"  the  morning  after 
his  great  defeat ;  and  this,  in  a  safe-conduct  for 
the  messenger  of  his  vanquisher,  that  his  humilia- 
tion might  be  sooner  known  to  his  great  rival — 
this  was  as  noble  as  the  words  undoubtedly 
were.  L. 


Nutria, 


Age  of  MSS. — It  is  unwise  to  be  too  apt  to 
fix  rules  for  judging  of  the  dates  and  countries  of 
MSS.  and  works  of  art.  I  have  seen  in  some 
great  authority  that,  in  judging  of  the  dates  of 
two  MSS.,  ceteris  paribus,  the  fact  of  the  i's  being 
dotted  would  prove  that  one  was  later  than  the 
other.  I  was  once  told  that  a  certain  MS.,  bear- 
ing in  my  opinion  all  the  marks  of  an  eleventh  cen- 
tury book,  must  be  much  later — probably  of  the 
thirteenth  century — on  this  account.  Such  a  canon 
as  is  here  implied  seemed  plausible,  and  my  faith 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  April  G,  '67. 


in  my  judgment  of  the  date  was  shaken,  till  I  saw 
at  Westminster  Abbey  a  charter  of  William  the 
Conqueror  in  precisely  the  sarne  style  of  hand, 
and  with  marks  over  the  i  positively  identical. 

Are  there  any  instances  of  dots  or  lines  over 
the  letter  i  of  an  earlier  date  than  1070  ? 

J.  C.  J. 

G.  Chase.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
give  some  particulars  of  this  person?  He  was 
an  artist  in  crayons,  and  was  living  about  a.d. 
1810.  G.  L. 

FuNEKAL  Ctjstoji.  —  The  clerk  of  Trinity 
Church,  Darlington,  informs  me  that,  on  the 
burial  of  the  first  body  in  "God's  Acre"  con- 
nected with  that  parish,  "  the  friends  of  the  de- 
ceased threw  their  left-hand  gloves  into  the  grave." 
It  is  not  a  custom  of  this  locality,  but  was  an  im- 
portation from  the  South,  whence  deceased  and  his 
relatives  came.  Where  did  this  peculiar  custom 
come  from  ?  Geokge  Lloxd. 

Darlington. 

Hebaldic. — What  is  the  name  of  the  bearer  of 
the  following  arms :  Argent,  a  bend  nebule  sable; 
for  the  crest,  on  a  wreath  a  Latin  cross,  gules  or 
azure  ?  W.  J.  H. 

Inteeest  and  Usttet. — Lecky,  hi  his  History 
of  Rationalism  in  Europe  (vol.  ii.  p.  291),  in 
noticing  the  gradual  relaxation  of  religious  objec- 
tions to  taking  interest  for  money,  quotes  Le 
Fevre,  tutor  to  Louis  XIII.,  on  the  substitution 
of  the  word  interest  for  tisury,  with  a  view  to 
screen  the  practice  by  giving  it  a  new  and  less 
odious  name :  — 

"  C'est  \h,  proprement  ce  qu'on  pent  appeler  I'art  de 
chicaner  avec  Dieu." 

Marot,  writing  in  the  first  half  of  the  sixteenth 
centmy,  made  this  change  an  obj  ect  of  sarcasm : — 

"  On  ne  prete  plus  a  I'usure, 
Mais  tant  qu'on  vent  h.  I'interet." 

Yet  in  the  Merchant  of  Venice,  of  which  odious 
usury  is  the  theme,  Shylock  seems  manifestly  to 
sneer  at  the  use  of  the  word  interest  in  a  manner 
that  taxes  Antonio  vrith  employing  it,  in  pre- 
ference to  usance,  as  more  disparaging  :  — 

"  Which  you  call  interest — interest  is  your  word." 

Did  interest  only  step  in  to  relieve  iisu7-y,  only 
to  di'aw  down  on  itself  the  cumulative  odium  of 
hypocrisy?  and  did  Shakspeare  find  it  in  this 
plight?  or  if  not,  why  not,  and  how  otherwise  ? 
W.  Waxkiss  Llotd. 

LiDDELL  Family.— In  the  pedigree  of  the  Lid- 
dell  family,  in  Burke's  Peerage  (under  "  Ravens- 
worth  "),  there  is  mention  of  Sir  Henry  Liddell. 
who  by  his  marriage  with  Catherine,  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Bright,  had  five  sons  and  a  daughter. 
The  eldest  son  only  is  mentioned.     I  should  be 


obliged  if  any  reader  can  inform  me  the  names 
and  dates  of  birth  of  the  other  fom*  sons. 

There  was  also  one  Robert  LiddeU  living  at 
Sheal-on-the-WaU,  in  Yorkshire,  in  1784.  Can 
any  reader  inform  me  whose  son  he  was,  and 
when  born  ?  He  was  a  member  of  the  Liddells 
of  Haltwhistle  and  of  WoodhaU. 

E,  J.  ROBEKTS. 

Maee's  Nest. — At  the  risk  of  being  thought  to 
have  made  one  of  those  discoveries,  I  would  ask 
whether  "mare  "  here  may  not  be  connected  with 
the  German  mdhre  in  the  sense  of  fictitious  story  ? 
In  the  German  translation  of  the  Bible  we  have,  in 
Luke  xxiv.  11 :  ''  Es  dauchten  sie  ihre  Worte  eben 
als  war  en  es  Mahrlein  " — "And  their  words  seemed 
to  them  as  idle  tales."  They  were  in  fact  "  mares' 
nests."  In  that  case,  can  any  of  your  readers 
'  suggest  how  "  nests  "  came  to  be  connected  with 
it  ?  It  is  the  dicahuhim  or  dicibulum  of  Mediaeval 
Latin,  explained  by  Facciolati  as  "  fabulse  pue- 
riles,"  and  as  an  example  he  quotes  TertuUian, 
Adv.  Valentin.,  20:  —  "Meminerat  Ptolemgeus 
puerilium  dicibulorum,  in  man  poma  nasci  et 
arbore  pisces."  These  again  are  "  mares' nests." 
Or  would  it  be  too  much  to  say  that  "mare's 
nest "  may  be  the  first  words  of  some  old  Catholic 
hymn  in  a  corrupt  form,  which  would  appear 
nonsense  to  the  ignorant  peasant?  Some  such 
words  as  ''  Maria  nostra  "  might  be  so  changed. 
Is  there  any  old  Catholic  hymn  beginning  in 
some  such  words,  and  often  in  the  mouths  of  the 
monks?  ''All  my  eye  and  Betty  Martin,"  is  a 
well-known  example  of  such  a  corruption  from 
"O  mihi  Beate  Martine,"  and  "helter  skelter" 
from  "  hilariter  celeriter."  Are  there  any  other 
corruptions  of  the  first  words  of  old  hymns  ? 

Of  course,  this  word  has  nothing  to  do  with 
the  "  mare  "  of  "  nightmare."  In  this  latter  word, 
"mare"  is  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  3Iara,  a  hob- 
goblin, known  to  all  the  nations  of  the  North  as  a 
being  who  torments  sleepers :  — 

"  The  Night-Mare  Life-in-Death  was  she, 
Who  thicks  man's  blood  with  cold." 

Coleridge's  Ancient  Mariner. 

Coleridge  may  have  borrowed  this  idea  from 
Goethe's  Eaust.  The  passage  to  which  I  refer 
will  be  found  towards  the  end  of  the  "  Walpur- 
gis  Night":  — 

"  Ihm  zu  begegnen  ist  nicht  gut ; 
Voni  starren  Blick  erstarrt  des  Menschen  Blut, 
Und  er  Avird  fast  in  Stein  verkehrt, 
Von  der  Meduse  hast  du  ja  gehort." 

It  is  thus  translated  by  Miss  Anna  Swanwick, 
in  Bohn's  Library :  — 

"  An  idol !     Such  to  meet  with,  bodes  no  good  ; 
That  rigid  look  of  hers  doth  freeze  man's  blood, 
And  well-nigh  petrifies  his  heart  to  stone, — 
The  story  of  Medusa  thou  hast  known." 

C.  T.  Ramage. 


3'd  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


277 


*'Nec  plttribus  impae."  —  Lewis  XIV.  took 
for  his  device  tlie  sun,  and  round  it  the  motto — 
''  Nee  pluribus  impar."  How  did  tlie  French  of 
his  time  translate  these  Latin  words  ? 

Henei  van  Laun. 
The  College,  Cheltenham. 

Pastoeal  Staff. — In  Fosbrooke's  British  Mo- 
nachism,  p.  292,  a  drawing  from  the  Louterell 
Psalter  is  given,  representing  an  abbess  holding 
her  pastoral  staiF  in  the  right  hand,  and  giving  the 
benediction,  according  to  the  Latin  form,  with  the 
left.  I  never  observed  an  instance  in  which  the 
benediction  was  not  given  by  the  right  hand. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  furnish  me  with 
instances  of  the  use  of  the  left  hand  for  the  pur- 
pose ?  J.  PiGGOT,  JUN. 

Putting  a  Man  undee  a  Pot. — I  have  seldom 
met  with  a  more  amazing  statement  than  there  is 
in  Piers  JPloivmmi^s  Crede,  and  I  should  greatly 
like  to  know  of  something  that  would  corroborate 
it.  The  author  distinctly  asserts  that  there  was 
a  regular  system  of  making  away  with  friars  who 
were  not  suificiently  active  in  begging  for  the 
good  of  their  house.     He  says :  — 

"  But*  {except)  he  ma}'  beggen  his  bred, 
His  bed  is  y-greithed  {prepared  for  him) ; 
Under  a  pot  he  shall  be  put 
In  a  pryvye  chambre. 
That  he  shal  lyuen  ne  laste 
But  lytel  whyle  after."— Ed.  Wright,  1.  1347. 

This  clearly  means,  that  a  useless  friar  is  2^ut 
wider  a  pot,  and  that  he  soon  dies  in  conseq_uence. 

The  only  passage  I  know  of  that  throws  any 
light  on  this  is  also  in  the  Crede :  — 

"  For  thei  ben  nere  dede ; 
And  put  al  in  pur  clath 
With  pottes  on  her  hcdes."— Id.  1.  1222, 

Now  why,  I  ask,  should  a  pot  be  put  on  a 
man's  head  when  he  lies  on  his  death-bed  ? 

Waltee  W.  Seeat. 
22,  Regent  Street,  Cambridge. 


Athol  Stewaets.— Will  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  if  there  be  tivo  or  more  families  of 
Atholl  Stewarts,  and  what  they  are  ?  Sir  B. 
Burke,  in  County  Families,  calls  the  Stewarts  of 
Drumin,in  Banffshire,"  Atholl,"  and  derives  their 
descent  from  King  Kobert  II.  through  his  fourth 
son,  Sir  Alexander,  Earl  of  Buchan — called  Wolf 
of  Badenoch — whose  fourth  son  was  Earl  of 
Atholl.  The  crest :  two  hands  conjoined,  holding 
a  man's  heart.  Motto :  "  Corde  et  manu."  Arms": 
Or,  a  fesse  chequy  azure  and  argent,  between  three 


*  The  Trinity  MS.  has  "But."     The  printed  texts 
have  "That." 


crosses-crosslet  fetched  in  chief,  and  as  many 
cushions  m  base,  gules— all  within  a  bordure  en- 
grailed azure. 

Elsewhere  the  "Atholl"  descent  is  given 
(through  his  son,  who  was  created  Earl  of  Atholl) 
from  Sir  James  Stewart,  Black  Knight  of  Lorn, 
who  was  third  son  of  Sir  John  Stewart  of  Lorn 
and  Innermeath  ,•  descended  from  Sir  James 
Stewart,  fourth  son  of  Sir  John  Stewart  of  Bon- 
kill  who  was  second  son  of  Alexander,  sixth 
Lord  High  Steward  of  Scotland.  Crest :  a  hand 
holding  a  key  bendways.  Motto:  '' Furth  fortune 
and  fill  the  fetters."  Arms:  first  and  fourth 
Stewart  (or,  a  fesse  chequy  azure  and  argent) : 
second  and  third,  pailly  of  six  sable  and  or. 

Shoidd  both  these  descents  be  correct,  why  do 
the  former  not  quarter  the  royal  arms  of  Scotland, 
and  the  latter  the  galley  of  Lorn  ?■ 

What  family  is  entitled  to  use  the  old  Atholl 
and^  Buchan  crest  (given  in  some  old  books),  a 
lion  s  head  erased,  and  the  arms  or,  a  fesse  chequy 
azure  and  argent  between  three  wolves'  heads  ? 

T.  K. 

[There  were  undoubtedly  two  families  of  Stewarts, 
Earls  of  Athol,  if  it  is  permissible  to  apply  the  term 
family  to  a  single  individual. 

1st.  Walter  Stewart,  the  second  son  of  Robert  II.  by 
his  second  wife,  Euphemia  Ross.  The  date  of  this  crea- 
tion is  rather  uncertain.  He  was  at  one  time  stvled  Earl 
of  Caithness,  but  is  designed  Earl  of  Athol  in  'letters  of 
safe  conduct  granted  to  him  by  Henry  IV.  on  June  5, 
1403.  He  was  implicated  in  the  murder  of  James  I.  on 
February  20,  1437,  and  for  this  crime  he  was  executed  in 
the  following  April,  his  title  and  extensive  estates  being 
forfeited. 

2nd.  About  twenty  years  afterwards  the  title  was  con- 
ferred on  Sir  John  Stewart,  of  Balveny,  the  eldest  son  of 
Sir  James  Stewart,  the  Black  Knight  of  Lorn,  and  Queen 
Joanna,  the  dowager  of  the  murdered  King.  This  crea- 
tion terminated  in  1595  by  the  death  of  the  fifth  earl 
without  male  issue.  The  title  was  then  conferred  on 
John,  sixth  Earl  of  Innermeath ;  but  on  his  death  with- 
out issue,  there  was  a  new  creation  in  favour  of  the  Hur- 
rays, who  now  possess  the  title.  Nisbet  (vol.  ii.  p.  86) 
states,  that  John  Stewart  was  created  Lord  Lorn  by  James 
II.  in  1445 ;  that  he  had  no  lawful  sons,  but  left  three 
daughters  heirs  portioners.  He  then  adds,  "William 
Stewart,  of  Innermeath,  as  heir  male  to  John  Stewart, 
Lord  Lorn,  claimed  the  Lordship  of  Lorn,  and  accordingly 
as  heir  male  was  seased  in  that  Lordship  March  21, 1469 ; 
and  in  the  month  of  November,  the  same  year,  resigned 
that  Lordship  in  King  James  III.  his  hands  in  favour  of 
Colin,  Earl  of  Argyle,  and  the  King  dignified  him  with 
the  title  of  Lord  Innermeath.  Since  which  time  the 
Earls  of  Argyle,  as  Lords  of  Lorn,  have  always  been  in 
use  to  quarter  the  arms  of  that  Lordship  (the  Lymphad 
or  galley)  as  Feudal  arms  with  their  own."  From  the 
whole  passage  it  is  evident  that  Nisbet  considered  that 
the  galley  was  the  territorial  arms  of  the  Lordship  of  Lorn, 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-<i  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67. 


and  that  the  riyht  to  use  them  belonged  to  the 
of  that  title.  Of  the  truth  of  this  idea  we  are,  however, 
inclined  to  entertain  great  doubts  from  facts  mentioned 
bv  Xisbet  himself.  The  Earl  of  Argyle  married  the 
eldest  of  the  heirs  portioners  referred  to,  the  second  Sir 
John  Campbell,  of  Glenorchy,  ancestor  of  the  Breadalbane 
family,  who  carry  second  argent,  a  ship  with  her  sails 
furled  up,  and  oars  in  action,  sable. 

What  are  called  the  Stewarts  of  Athol  consist  almost 
entirely  of  the  descendants  by  his  five  illegitimate  sons  of 
the  "  Wolf  of  Badenoch,"  the  fourth  son  of  Robert  II.  by 
his  first  wife,  Elizabeth  More. 

The  fess  cheque'  azure  and  argent  appears  on  the  shield 
of  every  famity  of  the  name  of  Stewart  with  various  dif- 
ferences, that  of  the  Earls  of  Athol  being  wolves'  heads. 
As  to  crests,  those  of  the  various  families  of  Stewart  are 
too  numerous  to  detail ;  they  will  be  found  at  length  in 
Fairbairn's  Book  of  Crests,  published  in  I860.] 

Framptok",  Bishop  of  Gloucester. — A.Wood, 
in  his  Athence  Oxonietises,  states  that  Frampton 
on  his  return  from  the  East  became  domestic  chap- 
lain to  Robert  Earl  of  Ailesbury,  and  soon  after 
marrying  with  a  grave  woman  of  that  family, 
went  a  second  time  to  Aleppo.  Can  any  one  in- 
form me  who  Mrs.  Frampton  was,  when  she  died, 
and  whether  there  was  anj-  issue  of  this  marriage  ? 
It  is  said  in  the  Life  of  Ken,  by  a  Layman,  p.  483, 
that  Ken,  writing  to  Bishop  Lloyd,  describes  a 
visit  he  paid  to  Frampton  at  Avaiing  in  1703. 
Is  not  this  a  mistake  ?  Surely  Ball  was  rector 
of  Avening  at  that  period,  and  Frampton  was  re- 
siding in  the  vicarage  at  Stcmdish,  whither  he 
retired  on  being  forced  to  quit  the  palace  at 
Gloucester,  and  where  he  died  and  was  buried  a 
few  years  afterwards.  E.  H.  A, 

[In  the  year  1G67  Dr.  Frampton  married  Mrs.  Mary 
Caning,  who  lies  buried  in  the  Lady  Chapel  of  Glouces- 
ter Cathedral.  The  following  inscription  is  on  her  tomb : 
"  M.  S.  Fcemina;  inter  optimas  numerandae  dominae  MarisB 
Frampton,  qua3  vitam  sancte  actam,  suavissima  in  X*° 
morte  consummavit  Oct.  11,  1680,"  (Fosbrooke's  Glou- 
cester, 1819,  pp.  95,  134.) 

It  appears  ^that  Bishop  Frampton  had  a  daughter,  of 
whose  aflfeetionate  duties  in  adversity  Ken  speaks  in  one 
of  his  letters ;  "  and  who,"  saj'S  Bowles,  "  that  reads  it 
will  not  remember  Scott's  most  affecting  and  beautiful 
picture  ?  — 

'  Oh,  if  there  be  a  human  tear 
From  passion's  dross  refined  and  clear, 
A  tear  so  limpid  and  so  meek 
It  would  not  stain  an  angel's  cheek, 
'Tis  that  which  pious  fathers  shed 
Upon  a  duteous  daughter's  head.' " 

Bowles's  Life  of  Bishop  Ken,  ii.  193. 

The  letter,  from  which  an  extract  only  is  given  in  the 

first  edition  of  the  Life  of  Ken,  by  a  Layman,  p.  483,  is 

printed  in  extenso  in  the  second  edition  of  tliat  work, 

p.  732.    From  this  letter,  it  appears  that  Ken  on  his  wav 


to  Standish  paid  Dr.  Bull  a  friendly  visit  at  Avening. 
He  says,  "  Dr.  Bull  being  in  my  way  I  called  upon  him, 
which  he  took  the  more  kindlj-,  because  he  thought  we 
had  as  much  abandoned  him,  as  he  seems  to  have  aban- 
doned us,  and  the  respect  I  paid  him  I  perceived  sur- 
prised him,  and  the  rather  because  he  never  has  taken 
any  notice  of  our  deprived  brethren  :  but  he  has  reason 
to  value  his  old  friends,  for  his  new  have  little  regarded 
him."  This  letter  is  also  printed  in  Bishop  Ken's  Prose 
Works,  edited  by  J,  T.  Round,  1838,  p.  60.] 

Lord  Carlyle. — Can  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents inform  me  when  the  title  of  Viscount  or 
Baron  Carlyle  of  Galloway,  in  Scotland,  became 
extinct,  and  if  any  branch  of  the  family  still  exists 
in  that  part  of  the  country  ?  I  believe  there  is  a 
family  of  that  name  holding  property  now  in 
Annandale,  whose  immediate  ancestor  was  Capt. 
Carlyle,  R.N.,  who  commanded  a  vessel  on  the 
coast  about  the  period  of  Guy  Mannering.  Any 
information  about,  or  description  of  arms  of,  this 
family  will  oblige  CAgADORE. 

[Sir  John  Carlyle  of  Torthorwald,  in  Annandale,  had, 
for  his  distinguished  services  at  the  battle  of  Arkinholm 
in  1455,  a  grant  of  half  the  lands  of  Pettinain,  in  Lan- 
arkshire. He  was  raised  to  the  peerage  by  the  title  of 
Lord  Carlyle  of  Torthorwald  in  1475.  His  great-grand- 
son Michael,  fourth  lord,  survived  his  sons,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  granddaughter  Elizabeth,  who  married  Sir 
James  Douglas  of  Parkhead,  in  the  parish  of  Douglas. 
Their  son  James  sat  in  the  Parliament  of  1606  as  Lord 
Carh-le.  His  son  William  sold  the  estate  of  Torthor- 
wald to  William  Earl  of  Queensberry,  in  whose  favour 
either  he  or  his  half-brother  James  resigned  the  patent  of 
the  title  of  Carlyle. 

In  1730,  William  Carlyle  of  Lochartur,  in  the  stewartrj' 
of  Kirkcudbright,  was  served  heir  to  Michael,  fourth 
Lord  Carlyle,  as  descended  from  Michael,  his  second  law- 
ful son.  This  William  died  about  1757,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  brother  Michael,  who  left  his  estate  to  the 
heir  male  of  the  family.  Jiy  a  decree  of  the  House  of 
Lords  in  1770,  this  was  found  to  be  George  Carlyle, 
whose  ancestor  had  settled  in  Wales.  After  dissipating 
his  estate  at  Dumfries,  he  a  few  years  afterwards  re- 
turned to  the  Principality.  The  Rev.  Joseph  D.  Car- 
Ij'le,  Professor  of  Arabic  at  Cambridge,  who  died  in  1831, 
was  understood  to  have  been  the  next  heir.  None  of 
these  persons  appear  to  have  made  any  formal  claim  to 
the  title  of  Carlyle. 

The  name  of  Carlisle  is  of  frequent  occurrence  in  An- 
nandale, its  most  distinguished  example  being  the  well- 
known  living  historian,  but  it  is  probable  these  families 
branched  off  before  the  creation  of  the  title. 

The  atchievement  of  Carlyle,  Lord  Carlyle,  was  quar- 
terly 1st  and  2d  argent,  a  cross  flory  gules  for  Carlyle, 
2nd  and  3rd  or,  a  cross  gules  for  Corsbie,  and  by  way 
of  surtout,  argent  a  saltire  azure ;  crest,  t^o  dragons' 
necks  and  heads  addosse'  vert;  supporters,  two  pea- 
cocks proper;   motto,  Humilitate.    The  arms  of  Douglas 


S'd  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


279 


Lord  Carlyle  was  the  same,  with  the  following  excep- 
tions:—The  surtout  consisted  of  the  paternal  coat  of 
Douglas,  and  the  dragons  of  the  crest  were  blazoned 
azure.l 

St.  Andrew.  —  Where  is  the  best  account  of 
St.  Andrew  to  be  found,  and  what  are  the  pecu- 
liarities respecting  churches  dedicated  to  him  ? 
Geoege  Peideatjx. 

Plymouth. 

[St.  Andrew  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  most 
popular  saints  in  this  country,  as  nearly  six  hundred 
churches  still  retain  their  dedication  to  his  sole  honour, 
and  one  each  in  honour  of  All  Saints  and  St.  Andrew, 
SS.  Andrew  and  Eustachius,  and  SS.  Andrew  and  Mary. 
Everj-  county  in  England,  except  Westmoreland,  has 
several.  He  is  represented  with  his  peculiar  cross  (^crux 
decussata)  beside  him,  or  in  his  hand  ;  and  tied  to  his 
cross  in  Callot,  and  in  Le  Clerc ;  sometimes  the  cross  is 
in  the  form  of  V.  He  is  always  drawn  as  an  old  man, 
with  a  long  flowing  beard,  and  sometimes  may  be  recog- 
nised by  his  family  lilceness  to  his  brother  St.  Peter. 
(The  Calendar  of  the  Anglican  Church  Illustrated,  ed. 
1851,  p.  146.)  The  emblems  of  St.  Andrew  still  remaining 
in  parish  churches — (1)  with  the  cross  saltire  X,  leaning 
upon  it,  are  the  roodscreens  of  Worstead,  Eanworth,  Les- 
singham.  (2)  Ditto,  held  in  his  hand,  the  roodscreens  of 
Tunstead,  Edingthorpe,  Blofield,  and  the  font  of  Stalham. 
(3)  Nailed  to  a  frame  like  the  letter  V,  the  bronze  gate  of 
St.  Paul's  Rome.  (7%e  Emblems  of  Saiyits,  by  F.  C. 
Husenbeth,  D.D.  V.G.,  edit.  1860,  p.  10.) 

The  Greek  Menology  of  the  Emperor  Basil  gives  an 
account  of  the  martyrdom  of  St.  Andrew  under  the  30tli 
of  November;  and  an  account  of  his  martyrdom,  pro- 
fessedly written  by  his  disciples,  the  presbyters  and  dea- 
cons of  the  churches  of  Achaia,  is  given  in  Surius's  work, 
De  Prohatis  Sanctorum  Vitis,  under  the  same  date.  It 
is  given  with  the  Greek  original  in  the  first  volume  of  the 
Bibliotheca  Patrum  of  Gallandus.  "  The  Acts  of  St. 
Andrew  "  mentioned  by  Fabricius  in  his  Codex  Apocry- 
phus  Novi  Testam.enti,  is  considered  an  apocryphal  work, 
as  is  also  "  The  Gospel  of  St.  Andrew."  (Jones,  On  the 
Canon,  i.  179.) 

The  ancient  authorities  for  the  life  of  St.  Andrew  are 
given  among  others  in  the  following  works :  Tillemont, 
Memoires,  torn.  i. ;  Cave,  Antiquitatis  Apostolicce  ;  Fabri- 
cius, Salutaris  Lux  Evangelii  toti  Orbi  per  divinam 
Gratiam  exoriens  ;  Gallandius,  Bibliotheca  Patrum,  tom.  i. 
pp.  145,  seq.  The  life  of  this  Apostle  in  English  may  be 
found  in  Alban  Butler's  Lives  of  the  Sai7its,  Nov.  30th, 
and  in  The  Biographical  Dictionary  of  the  Society  for  the 
Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge,  ii.  661.] 

Bishop  Timothy  Hall.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  furnish  information  respecting  Timothy 
Hall,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  1688-1690,  his  death,  and 
family  circumstances  ?  I  am  aware  of  the  refer- 
ences to  him  in  Lord  Maeaulay's  History ;  and  he 
is   described  by  Sir  H.  Nicolas  as   ""Rector   of 


Horsington,  Bucks,"  but  the  Clergy  List  does  not 
mention  any  such  benefice.  H. 

[Timothy  Hall  was  born  in  the  parish  of  St.  Catharine, 
near  the  Tower  of  London ;  became  a  student  of  Pem- 
broke College,  Oxford,  1654,  and  there  trained  up  under 
a  presbyterian  discipline.  Willis  calls  him  "  a  noncon- 
formist ;  "  and  says,  that  having  lost  a  small  living  in 
Middlesex,  without  compensation,  he  afterwards  complied, 
and  became  Eector  of  Horsenden,  co.  Bucks.  To  this 
living  he  was  presented  on  Jan.  10,  1607,  by  John  Grubb, 
gent.  He  was  admitted  Perpetual  Curate  of  Princes 
Kisborough  in  1669,  and  Rector  of  Bledlow  in  1674 ;  re- 
signed these  livings  about  1677,  being  licensed  Dec.  20  in 
that  year  to  the  church  of  All-Hallows  Steyning,  London, 
on  the  presentation  of  the  Company  of  Mercers.  For 
reading,  or  permitting  them  to  be  read,  the  declarations 
of  James  II.  for  liberty  of  conscience,  he  was  promoted 
to  the  bishopric  of  Oxford;  "an  act,"  says  Wood,  "so 
egregiouslj"-  resented  by  the  true  sons  of  the  Church  of 
England,  that  they  looked  upon  it  as  a  matter  to  bring 
their  church  into  contempt,  by  throwing  upon  it  such  an 
obscure  person  to  be  a  father."  He  was  consecrated  at 
Lambeth,  Oct.  7,  1688  ;  but  when  he  came  to  take  pos- 
session of  the  see,  the  dean  and  canons  of  Christ  Church 
refused  to  instal  him,  and  no  one  would  take  orders  of 
him.  He  died  miserably  poor  at  Homerton  on  April  10, 
1690,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of  Hackney,  near 
London.  Wood's  AthencB  Oxon.  (Bliss),  iv.  875  ;  and 
Lipscomb's  Bucks,  ii.  334.] 

Geokge  Thomson. — Can  you  inform  me  of  the 
dates  of  birth  and  death  of  George  Thomson,  the 
friend  and  correspondent  of  Burns  ?  J.  M.  C. 

[George  Thomson,  editor  of  a  well-known  Collection  of 
Scottish  Songs,  was  the  son  of  Robert  Thomson,  teacher 
at  Limekilns,  Fifeshire,  and  was  born  there  March  4, 
1757.  He  died  at  Leith,  Feb.  18,  1851,  at  the  advanced 
age  of  ninety-two,  and  was  buried  at  Kensal  Green  ceme- 
tery near  London.  He  had  married,  in  1783,  the  daugh- 
ter of  a  Lieutenant  Miller  of  the  50th  regiment.  Six  of 
his  children  survived  him — namely.  Colonel  Robert  Thom- 
son, Royal  Engineers ;  Assistant-commissary-general, 
William  Thomson;  Mrs.  Hogarth,  wife  of  George  Ho- 
garth, author  of  the  History  of  Music,  and  mother-in- 
law  of  Charles  Dickens,  and  three  other  daughters  who 
resided  with  him.  There  is  an  autobiographical  sketch 
of  him  in  Prof.  Wilson's  Land  of  Burns,  1840  ;  but  the 
best  and  longest  account  of  him  is  in  Anderson's  Scottish 
Nation,  1863,  iii.  560.] 

Bitnker's  Hill. — Where  can  I  find  the  best 
account  of  the  gallant  services  rendered  by  the 
Marines  (they  were  not  designated  "  Royal "  at 
that  time)  in  this  fearful  battle  ?  Forward. 

[Among  other  works  to  be  consulted  on  this  memorable 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill  we  would  recommend  the  following : 
(1)  "  An  Historical  and  Topographical  Sketch  of  Bunker 
Hill  Battle," 'by  S.  Swett,  printed  in  the  Appendix  to 
Col.  David  Humphreys's  Life  of  3Iajor-Gen.  Putnam. 
Boston,  1818,  8vo.    (2)  "  A  History  of  the  Operations  of 


280 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3-^^  S.XI.  Apeu.6,'67. 


a  Partisan  Corps,  called  the  Queen's  Eangers,  commanded 
by  Lieut.-Col.  J.  G.  Simcoe,  during  the  War  of  the  Ame- 
rican Revolution.  New  York,  1844,  8vo."  (3)  "  Sketches 
of  Bunker  Hill  Battle  and  Monument,  with  Illustrative 
Documents.  Charlestown,  1843,  12mo."  (4)  "A  Parti- 
cular Account  of  the  Battle  of  Bunker  or  Breed's  Hill, 
on  the  17th  June,  1775.  By  a  Citizen  of  Boston.  Bos- 
ton, 1825, 8vo."    See  also  "  N.  &  Q."  2°d  s.  iv.  255,] 

William  Congeeve. — The  editor  of  the  IDuhlin 
University  Calendar  has  certainly  justified  the  use 
of  the  term  "  Lectureship."  I  hope  he  may  be 
equally  successful  in  explaining  the  following 
difficulty.  Among  the  scholars  for  the  year  1673 
is  William  Congreve,  and  a  note  tells  us  that  he 
■was  the  celebrated  dramatic  author  of  that  name. 
Now  Malone  (Life  of  Bryden,  p.  225)  gives  the 
date  of  the  dramatist's  baptism  Feb.  10,  1669; 
and  that  of  his  entrance  in  Trinity  College, 
April  5,  1685  {lb.  p.  223).  So  he  could  not  be 
the  same  person  with  the  scholar,  the  date  of 
whose  enti'ance  I  wish  the  Editor  would  ascertain. 
The  poet's  father,  it  would  appear,  lived  at 
Youghal.  Was  that  also  the  residence  of  the 
other  Congreve,  and  are  they  related  ?  K. 

[William  Congreve's  admission  at  Trinitj'  College, 
Dublin,  is  cited  in  The  New  Hand-Book  for  Youghal,  by 
the  Eev.  Samuel  Hayman,  edit.  1858,  p.  55  :  — 

"  1685.— 5  April.  William  Congreve,  the  well  known 
dramatist,  entered  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  on  this  day, 
being  at  the  time  resident  at  Youghal.  The  Matriculation 
Register  of  the  University  runs  as  foUows  :  —  '  1685.  Die 
quinto  Aprilis,  hora  diei  pomerid.,  Gulielmus  Congreve, 
pension.,  filius  Gulielmi  Congreve,  generosi,  de  Youghal- 
Ha,  annos  natus  sexdecem,  natus  Bardsagram,  in  com. 
Eboracen. ;  educ,  KilkennisB,  sub  ferula  Doctoris  Hinton, 
Tutor,  St.  Georgius  Ashe.'  " 

Major  Congreve  commanded  the  garrison  of  Youghal. 
He  had  brought  his  son  William  with  him  from  York- 
shire ;  and  having  been  appointed  agent  over  the  Earl  of 
Cork's  estates  in  this  part  of  Ireland,  he  fixed  his  resi- 
dence at  Youghal,  where  the  poet's  boyhood  was  passed. 
Major  Congreve  removed  subsequently  to  Lismore,  which 
town  has  been  erroneously  given,  by  his  earlier  biogra- 
phers, as  the  birth-place  of  his  distinguished  son.] 

*'  Advice  to  the  British  Army." — 

"  In  New  York,"  says  The  Nation,  "  a  new  publishing 
society,  called  the  Agathynian  Club,  has  been  started  for 
issuing  original  publications  and  reprinting  rare,  curious, 
and  old  American,  English,  French,  and  Latin  books. 
They  are  to  be  printed  at  the  Broad  Street  Press,  with 
great  exactness  of  text  and  careful  attention  to  excel- 
lency of  workmanship.  One  hundred  and  twenty  copies 
only  of  each  work  will  be  published;  one  hundred  of 
which  will  be  for  sale,  and  the  remainder  for  private  dis- 
tribution. The  first  issue,  to  be  about  the  15th  of  Feb- 
ruarj',  will  be  a  reprint  of  a  very  rare  satire,  entitled 
Advice  to  the  Officers  of  the  British  Army,  the  authorship 
of  which  is  generally  attributed  to  Captain  Grose,  a 
literary  gentleman  of  the  last  century.  A  satirical  wood- 
cut, supposed  to  represent  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  General 


Burgoyne,  Lord  Cornwallis,  and  others,  will  be  given  in 
facsimile  of  the  original.  The  notes  and  introduction  to 
the  book  wiU  be  by  a  well- known  author." — Athenaum, 
No.  2051,  Feb.  16,  1867,  p.  225, 

A  copy  of  the  curious  satirical  book  referred  to 
in  the  above  paragraph  lies  before  me.  It  pro- 
fesses to  be  "the  tenth  edition,  with  material 
additions  and  improvements  by  the  original 
author,"  and  was  "  printed  for  G.  Kearsley,  1801." 

The  frontispiece  is  a  very  humorous  etching, 
designed  in  the  Grose  manner  of  the  plates  to 
the  Rides  for  draioing  Caricatures.  That  the 
broad  humour  of  this  clever  successor  of  Swift's 
Advice  to  Servants  was  quickly  applied  by  the 
public  to  those  who  then  had  charge  of  the 
English  honour,  will  be  seen  from  the  following 
notice  of  it  which  appeared  in  the  European 
Magazine :  — 

"  This  is  one  of  the  most  laughable  pieces  of  irony  that 
has  appeared  since  Swift  provoked  the  risible  muscles. 
We  can  trace  many  living  characters  in  this  animated 
performance ;  and  in  bold  colouring,  above  the  rest,  we 
readily  discovered  the  lean  and  slippered  pantaloon  of 
Mars." — Vol.  iii.  p.  54. 

I  should  be  glad  to  know — (1)  whether  this 
book,  after  going  through  ten  editions,  has  really 
become  ''very  rare";  (2)  what  authority  there 
is  for  supposing  the  frontispiece  to  represent  Sir 
H.  Clinton,  &c. ;  and  (3)  by  whom  "  the  author- 
ship of  the  book  is  generally  attributed  to  Cap- 
tain Grose."  I  have  searched  several  lists  of 
Grose's  writings,  but  do  not  find  this  included  in 
any  of  them;  but  I  find  from  the  Catalogue  of 
Five  Hundred  celebrated  Authors,  published  in 
1788,*  that  the  work  was  then  said  to  be  by 
Capt.  Williamson  of  the  Essex  militia, 

William  E,  A.  Axon". 

Strangeways. 

[This  work  is  undoubtedly  by  Capt,  Francis  Grose. 
John  Taylor,  author  of  Monsieur  Tonson,  who  was  well 
known  at  the  time  in  most  literary  circles,  informs  us 
that  "  jMajor  Grose  was  author  of  innumerable  works  of 
humour,  which  were  justlj'  admired,  but  the  chief  of  them 
was  Advice  to  the  Officers  and  Soldiers  of  the  British 
Army,  in  the  manner  of  Swift's  Advice  to  Servants.  The 
major  was  of  a  verj'  kind  and  friendly  disposition,  and 
permitted  a  Captain  Williamson  to  assume  the  merit  of 
having  written  this  work,  though  it  was  previously  well 
known  by  his  private  friends  that  it  was  his  own  produc- 
tion. I  knew  that  if  I  asked  him  directlj'  whether  he  was 
the  author,  he  woidd  evade  the  question,  or  not  give  me  a 
satisfactory  answer.  I  therefore  expressed  my  surprise 
that,  as  the  fact  was  known,  he  would  sufi"er  another  to 
usurp  his  reputation.  He  said  that  Williamson  was  a 
person  of  literary  talents,  without  any  friends  to  promote 
his  views  in  life,  and  therefore,  as  he  did  not  want  the  re- 
putation arising  from  a  work  of  that  kind,  he  willingly 

*  This  book  is  entered  in  Watt  under  Marshall.  Query, 
what  Marshall  ? 


3rd  S.  XI.  April  G,  67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


281 


resigned  it  in  favour  of  a  young  man  with  scanty  means 
and  no  promising  protection.  This  work  has  been  also 
ascribed  to  the  late  Marquis  Townshend,  who  Avas  cele- 
brated for  his  satirical  powers.  My  fi-iend  Col.  Sir  Ralph 
Hamilton  is  positively  conAnnced  that  the  real  author 
was  Lord  Townshend  ;  but  with  all  respect  for  his  talents, 
opinions,  and  opportunities,  I  am  equally  convinced  that 
it  was  the  production  of  my  old  facetious  friend  Major 
Grose."  {Records  of  my  Life,  i.  318.)  It  is  also  attri- 
buted to  Grose  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  British  Museum.] 


ANCIENT  STOISTE  COFFIN,  ETO. 
(3'd  S.  si.  129.) 
The  stone  coffin  described  by  Cuthbeet  Bede 
much  resembles  a  coffin  examined  a  few  years  ago 
by  Eev.  N.  S.  Heineken  and  myself,  which  had 
been  discovered  in  a  field  called  "  Littlecomb- 
three-Acres,  in  the  parish  of  Branscombe,  county 
Devon.  We  had  been  informed  that  the  first 
discovery  of  this  coffin  had  been  made  by  the 
fact  that  the  wheel  of  a  lieavily  laden  cart,  pass- 
ing- that  way,  had  broken  the  lid  and  made  a  hole ; 
that  the  man  driving  the  cart,  having  his  atten- 
tion thus  drawn  to  the  occurrence,  proceeded  to 
explore  by  thrusting  his  hand  and  arm  into  the 
opening,  and  succeeded  in  extracting  a  skull  and 
some  of  the  larger  bones  of  a  human  body ;  that 
these  bones,  having  been  carried  to  the  vicarage 
of  Branscombe,  were  subsequently  buried  in  the 
churchyard ;  that,  in  after  times,  one  or  two 
tenants  of  that  field  had  for  curiosity's  sake  made 
further  examinations,  and  had  drawn  out  some 
other  remains,  but  that  for  a  considerable  space  of 
time  the  spot  had  remained  unmolested.  Not 
thinking  that  another  visit  was  likely  to  be  at- 
tended with  any  success,  we  nevertheless  resolved 
on  making  a  search.  We  should  never  have 
found  the  exact  locality  in  a  level  pasture  field 
had  we  not  procured  the  assistance  of  the  old 
sexton  of  Branscombe  (since  dead),  to  whom  it 
was  well  known.  We  had  with  us  what  we 
have  found  to  be  a  reiy  useful  tool  in  many  of 
our  antiquarian  expeditions  on  the  hills  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Sidmouth,  amongst  barrows, 
ruins,  and  buried  remains  during  the  last  twenty 
years  or  so — namely,  a  sort  of  gigantic  probe  or 
pricker.  It  is  a  rod  of  iron,  some  three  or  four 
feet  long,  with  a  steel  point  at  the  bottom  and  a 
cross  handle  at  top.  With  both  hands,  assisted 
by  throwing  the  weight  of  the  body  upon  the 
cross  handle,  this  borer  can  be  thrust  into  the 
ground  to  some  depth,  and  objects  imderneath 
felt  for.  Directed  by  the  sexton,  we  came  down 
upon  the  lid  of  the  coffin,  or  what  remained  of  it, 
at  the  very  first  thrust.  It  was  scarcely  more 
than  six  inches  under  the  turf.     The  coffin  lay 


nearly  north  and  south.  It  is  well  to  say  here 
that  no  tumulus  or  mound  of  earth  is  known  to 
have  covered  this  spot;  but  as  the  ground  has 
been  long  under  cultivation,  it  is  not  possible  now 
to  say  whether  there  had  been  one  originally  or 
not.  The  coffin  had  been  made  out  of  a  single 
block  of  white  chalk-stone  from  the  quarries  in 
the  parish  of  Beer,  two  or  three  miles  eastward. 
This  stone  is  said  to  be  similar  in  nature  to  that  of 
the  Tottenhoe  quarries  near  Dunstable.  It  used 
to  be  much  employed  in  South  Devon  in  church- 
building,  especially  for  the  finer  mouldings,  but  is 
now  being  superseded  by  Bath-stone.  The  coffin 
was  almost  entirely  reduced  to  fragments,  except 
about  half  of  the  head  end,  which  lay  towards 
the  noi-th,  and  of  this  part  of  the  right  side  was 
broken  out.  By  means  of  a  rake  and  our  own 
fingers  we  searched  the  earth  taken  out  carefully. 
We  found  about  thirty  pieces  of  bone,  among 
which  were  two  finger  bones,  a  metacarpal  bone 
of  the  hand,  a  second  j  oint  of  the  thumb  or  great 
toe,  and  a  tooth.  They  had  not  been  calcined. 
We  also  met  with  an  ii-on  nail  or  rivet;  and  lastly, 
a  bronze  fibula  without  the  pin,  though  the  hinge 
is  visible.  [I  have  sent  Citthbeet  Bede  by  post 
a  woodcut  of  this  fibula,  the  same  as  printed  in 
my  Sidmouth  Guide.']  All  these  objects  I  still 
have.  The  fibula  seems  to  be  of  Koman  type, 
though  I  would  rather  have  further  advice  on  that 
point. 

It  is  also  important  to  mention,  as  sugges- 
tive of  a  funeral  custom,  that  along  vdth  these 
remains  we  found  the  bones  of  a  bird  about 
the  size  of  a  pigeon  or  larger,  notably  the  two 
bones  of  the  pinion  of  the  wing  (answering 
to  the  radius  and  ulna  of  the  fore-arm  in  the 
larger  animals),  and  part  of  a  leg  bone.  Now, 
whether  this  was  a  Roman  burial  or  not,  I  would 
willingly  know  how  far  the  custom  of  interment 
in  stone  coffins,  vdthout  cremation,  may  have  pre- 
vailed amongst  the  ancient  Romans,  under  what 
circumstances  it  took  place,  and  at  what  period 
of  their  history.  No  Roman  remains  have  been 
detected  exactly  in  this  locality,  but  there  is  a 
quadrangular  camp  on  the  cliff  a  mile  S.E.  (Bury 
Camp) — a  work  now  destroyed  (Castle  Close),  a 
mile  and  a  half  E.N.E.,  and  some  earthworks  of 
doubtful  origin  about  two  miles  N.N.E.  This 
coffin  had  no  separate  hollow  for  the  head.  In 
stone  coffins  of  the  middle  ages,  of  the  post-Nor- 
man period,  most  of  us  have  seen  coffins  with  this 
peculiarity  which  have  been  dug  up  in  abbeys, 
cathedrals,  and  other  Christian  burial-places.  I 
should  like  to  know  whether  these  different  types 
may  be  relied  on  as  sure  indications  of  age  or  na- 
tion. There  appears  to  have  been  a  hole  drilled 
through  the  bottom  of  the  Littlecombe-three- 
Acres'  coffin,  at  least  we  found  what  we  judged 
to  have  been  a  fragment  of  the  bottom  with  a 
hole  through  it.     In  mediaeval  stone  coffins  this 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67. 


is  not  unusual.  The  coffin  had  been  roughly  hol- 
lowed out,  the  marks  of  the  pick  or  other  pointed 
tool  being  visible.  The  only  indication  of  more 
careful  work  was  a  rabbet  running  round  the  edge 
of  some  of  the  fragments,  supposed  to  have  be- 


longed to  the  lid.     "  I  pause  for  a  reply." 

P.  Htjtchixsox. 


PERT:  ARMS  OF  SAVOY. 
(3"»  S.  ix.  400,  476  J  x.  18,  453;  xi.  81.)* 

The  formula  suggested  by  Mr.  Woodwaed 
(p.  81),  that  I  am  welcome  to  enjoy  my  opinion, 
and  that  he  shall  retain  his,  is  one  which  has  the 
defect  of  adding  no  probability  to  any  case.  It  is 
certain  that  no  repetition  of  a  fiction  converts  the 
fiction  into  fact.  But  Mr.  Woobward's  declara- 
tion ^that  his  belief  will  not  be  shaken  by  an 
important  circumstance  alleged,  is  a  matter  more 
for  his  own  consideration  than  the  satisfaction  of 
our  mutual  readers. 

My  expression  on  401,  ix.  ''  the  word  '  feet  ' 
■was  fijst  used  by  Amadis  the  Great,"  was  insuf- 
ficient. I  explained  myself,  on  454,  x.,  that  it 
was  used  by  him  with  the  new  meaning,  sup- 
posing the  evidence  of  the  coins  to  be  trustworthy. 
I  say  there,  "  I  have  no  doubt  that  this  meaning 
was  first  attached  to  pert  by  Amadis  the  Great." 
Me.  Woodward  ought  to  have  referred  to  this 
statement. 

It  would  have  been  convenient  if  Mr.  Wood- 
ward had  specified  to  what  part  of  my  paper  he 
meant  to  apply  his  opinion  that  much  of  it  is 
"  quite  beside  the  question."  I  shall  endeavour 
to  show  the  learned  and  competent  readers  for 
whom  we  both  write,  that  what  I  allege  is  not 
beside  the  question.  Whatever  difficulty  exists 
with  regard  to  the  cross  of  Savoy,  arises  from  the 
fact  that  the  arms  of  Piedmont  and  the  arms  of 
the  Hospitallers  both  show  the  cross  of  St.  John. 
If  the  arms  of  Piedmont  had  been  substantially 
diSerent — if,  for  example,  they  had  shown  a  saltire 
instead  of  a  cross,  I  have  no  doubt  that  Guiche- 
noa's  theory  would  never  have  been  heard  of. 
But  Lombardy  ended  with  Piedmont ;  Savoy  was 
not  included  in  it.  The  thing  that  has  to  be 
shown  for  Guichenon's  case  is,  that  the  reigning 
house  of  Savoy  abandoned  their  ancient  coat  and 
adopted  the  arms  of  Piedmont.  It  seems  to  me 
that  proof  absolutely  fails  here.  It  is  vain  to  al- 
lege that  the  cross  of  St.  John  appears  in  the 
arms  of  Piedmont — a  circumstance  quite  undis- 
puted, A\Tiat  is  needed  is  authentic  evidence  that 
the  cross  of  Piedmont  became  the  arms  of  Savoy. 
I  pointed  out  (x.  454)  that  the  bearing  of  the 


[*  We  must  bring  this  discussion  to  a  close  Avith  this 
article,  -which  has  been  in  our  hands  for  some  time, 
delayed  by  pressure  of  matter. — Ed.] 


cross  of  Piedmont  by  Thomas,  father  of  Amadis 
the  Great,  proved  nothing  in  the  sense  of  Guiche- 
non  and  his  copyists.  Thomas  was  a  younger  son 
of  Thomas  Count  of  Savoy,  husband  of  Beatrix, 
daughter  of  the  Count  of  the  Genevois.  Thomas, 
the  son,  was  never  Count  of  Savoy,  but  was  Prince 
of  Piedmont.  It  may  therefore  be  taken  as  true 
that  Monod  "  shows  conclusively  "  that  the  cross 
of  Piedmont  was  borne  by  Thomas.  But  he  raises 
no  probability  of  its  adoption  by  the  reigning 
line. 

I  accept  the  account  of  the  tomb  of  the  Countess 
Beatrix  as  recited  by  Mr.  Woodward.  It  is 
scarcely  necessary  to  insist  upon  the  fact  that  all 
tombs  are  subject  to  inquiry  as  to  their  date ;  that 
is  to  say,  how  long  after  the  death  of  the  persons 
commemorated)  their  tombs  were  erected.  I  do 
not  know  the  date  of  the  death  of  the  Countess 
Beatrix.  Her  husband  died  in  1233 :  her  son,  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  1270 ;  her  son  Philip, 
Archbishop  of  Lyons,  and  seventh  Count,  died  in 
1285.  When  and  by  whom  was  this  tomb  finished  ? 
This  is  an  inquiry  which  ought  to  be  pursued  by 
those  who  wish  to  believe  Guichenon  and  his 
copyists.  It  is  not,  however,  necessary  to  my 
case.  I  should  rather  inquire  what  inference  is 
really  to  be  drawn  from  the  arms  said  to  appear 
upon  this  tomb.  At  first  sight  they  appear  to 
indicate  a  confused  state  of  the  bearing  of  arms. 
And  if  it  is  true,  as  Mr.  Woodward  suggests,  that 
the  cross  was  assumed  by  some  members  of  the 
house,  while  the  eagle  was  still  borne  by  the 
others,  some  explanation  becomes  necessary  beyond 
Mr.  Woodward's  inquiry  whether  I  "know" 
that  in  what  he  calls  "  the  early  days  of  heraldry" 
such  changes  were  frequent.  Fmir  are  represented 
to  bear  the  cross ;  hvo  the  eagle,  and  so  on.  But 
this  method  of  allotting  arms  is  not  at  all  in  con- 
formity with  that  practice  of  changing  with  which 
we  are  familiar,  when,  as  Me.  Woodward  de- 
scribes it,  "  two  brothers  often  bore  different  (and 
not  merely  differenced)  arms."  To  me  it  is  no  sur- 
prise to  find  any  sons  of  Thomas,  the  conqueror 
of  Piedmont,  decorated  with  the  Piedmontese 
cross.  Monod,  quoted  by  Mr.  Woodward  (ix. 
477),  says,  "  Le  dit  Thomas,  comme  Cadet,  avoit 
pris  la  Croix  portee  par  les  meilleures  villes  du 
Piedmont."  This  would  prove  nothing  against 
the  Hospitallers'  gift  to  the  sovereign  after  the 
relief  of  Rhodes. 

But  the  stress  of  the  case  against  Guichenon's 
theory  is  found  in  "  common  sense  and  the  voice 
of  history."  Mr.  Woodward  is  quite  right,  asl 
have  said,  in  refusing  to  accept  a  fiction.  But,  in 
a  serious  investigation  of  a  curious  matter  of  his- 
tory, the  evidence  adduced  by  an  adversary  requires 
tha't  kind  of  consideration  which  Mr.  Woodward 
avoids  by  thinking  it  "quite beside  the  question." 
The  speech  of  Peter  Care  to  Pope  Alexander  YI. 
(ix.  401)  is  answered  by  Mr.  Woodward's  as- 


3rd  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


surance  that  his  belief  will  not  he  shaken.  Simi- 
larly, the  account  of  the  present  of  the  House  in 
Lyons,  recited  in  Puftendorf  s  Hidory  and  in  the 
Universal  History,  is  met  by  Mk.  Woodwakd's 
permission  offered  to  me,  that  I  am  "  of  course 
welcome  to  enjoy  "  my  opinion.  After  mentioning 
this  story,  I  pointed  out  that,  if  true,  its  effect 
upon  Guichenon  made  further  inquiry  unneces- 
sary. Mr.  Woodatakd  has  suggested  no  ground 
for  disbelieving  the  authorities  cited.  And  the 
presumption  against  Guichenon  is  increased,  I 
may  say  infinitely,  by  two  sorts  of  contradiction. 
The  first  is,  the  unanimous  voice  of  history  up  to 
his  time.  I  pointed  out  on  p.  454,  x.,  the  candid 
admission  of  De  Vertot.  The  ancient  statement 
has  retained  its  credit  since  Guichenon.  I  have 
before  given  some  instances.  Space  does  not  now 
allow  me  to  do  more  than  refer  to  the  "Dissertation 
contenant  un  abrege  de  I'Histoire  de  Savoye," 
prefixed  to  volume  i.  of  the  magnificent  Theatre 
cles  Etats  de  S.  A.  R.  le  Due  de  Savoye,  Prince  de 
Piemont,  Roy  de  Cypre,  printed  at  the  Hague  in 
1700. 

The  second  sort  arises  from  Guichenon's  ovra 
silence.  If  his  story  is  true,  why  have  we  seen 
no  authority  quoted  from  the  royal  archives  of 
Savoy  ?  No  denial  from  the  princes  of  that  house 
has  been  produced.  No  repudiation  of  what  I 
described  as  amounting  to  lying  and  impudence, 
if  Guichenon  spoke  truly,  has  ever  been  published 
on  their  behalf.  On  Guichenon's  theory,  they  had 
continued  to  his  time  in  a  disgraceful  acquiescence 
in  honours  to  which  they  had  no  claim  whatever. 
From  1311  to  1660  they  had  been  impostors  in 
the  face  of  Europe.  Silence  in  such  a  case  is 
emphatic.  If  it  had  been  possible  for  Guichenon 
to  produce  a  single  royal  voucher,  no  one  can 
doubt  that  we  should  have  seen  it.  But  viewing 
the  case  as  it  was  before  Guichenon,  and  then 
considering  that  his  theory  has  had  no  effect  on 
the  writers  already  quoted  by  me,  and  on  such  a 
work  as  the  Theatre  des  Etats,  &c.,  to  which  I  have 
referred,  probably  the  readers  whom  I  am  ad- 
dressing will  agree  with  me  in  thinking  Guiche- 
non's theory  destitute  of  any  foundation  in  truth. 

D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 


BEDE'S  CHAIR. 

(3'«  S.  xi.  127.) 
Your  correspondent  Me.  Lloyd  has  referred  to 
my  note  on  this  subject,  written  in  this  periodical 
fifteen  years  ago.  I  therein  mentioned  the  folk- 
lore custom  of  brides  sitting  iu  Bede's  chair ;  and, 
as  your  correspondent  has  revived  the  subject,  I 
may  now  take  the  opportunity  of  making  a  note 
of  another  item  of  folk-lore  in  connection  with 
this  relic.     In  the  letterpress,  by  Thomas  Rose, 


to  Allom's  Views  in  Northumberland,  published  by 
Fisher  and  Co.  1832,  he  writes,  in  reference  to " 
Bede's  chair  — 

"  Manj'  a  fair  pilgrim  has  borne  away  pieces  of  this 
■wonder-working  relic,  to  place  them  under  her  pillow, 
confident  that  the  man  she  dreams  of,  under  so  powerful 
a  charm,  is  destined  to  be  her  husband." — P.  190. 

If  such  was  the  practice,  no  wonder  that  the 
chair  was  so  maltreated  in  the  way  that  I  de- 
scribed in  1''  S.  V.  434.  Mr.  Walter  White  also 
tells  of  the  doings  of  the  "ruthless  knives  "  in  his 
Northumberland  and  the  Border,  1859  (p.  126), 
and  says  that  the  chair  "  was  removed  from  the 
vestry  to  its  present  place  near  the  altar  purposely 
to  stop  this  mischief.  '  They  don't  get  the  chance 
to  cut  little  pieces  off  now,'  said  the  woman"  who 
showed  him  over  the  church.  Mr.  White  evi- 
dently believes  in  the  genuineness  of  the  relic. 
Your  correspondent's  sceptical  friend  agreed  with 
the  late  Mr.  Surtees,  who  said  — 

"And  note  me,  candid  reader,  that  herein, 
I,  nor  to  chair,  nor  bell,  my  faith  could  pin  ; 
That  both  are  ancient,  none  may  make  a  doubt ; 
But,  who  first  set  them  there,  do  thou  search  out." 
The  writer  in  Murray's  Hand-booh  remarks,  that 
although  "  the  chair  is  evidently  of  great  anti- 
quity," yet  "it  is  difficult  to  account  for  the 
rescue  of  the  chair  when  the  Danes  burnt  the 
monastery."  This  remark  suggests  a  ci-ux ;  but 
perhaps  the  chair  was  sunk  in  the  adjacent  stream 
until  it  could  be  recovered  and  removed  to  a  place 
of  safety.  In  my  original  note  on  this  subject  I 
spoke  of  Mr.  W.  B.  Scott's  suggestive  drawing  of 
the  restoration  of  this  chair  as  given  by  him  in 
his  Antiquarian  Gleaninys  in  the  Noii,h  of  England. 
As  that  work  is  now  scarce,  and  is  not,  for  ex- 
ample, to  be  found  among  the  85,000  volumes  at 
the  London  Libraiy,  I  may  perhaps  be  allowed 
to  state  that  I  introduced  a  copy  of  Mr.  Scott's 
woodcut  in  my  account  of  Bede's  chair  in  Medley 
(J.  Blackwood,  1856,  price  Is.),  where  are  plainly 
shown  the  condition  and  ornamentation  of  the 
chair  that  Mr.  Scott  believes  it  to  have  exhibited 
in  the  time  of  that  "Sublime  Recluse"  (as  Words- 
worth calls  him),  the  Venerable  Bede. 

CUTHBEET  BedE. 


SCOT,  A  LOCAL  PREFIX. 
(3"»  S.  xi.  12,  86,  155,  239.) 

If  it  were  not  for  the  most  oftensive  teTm,Jictio7i, 
which  Me.  J.  C.  R.  has  applied  to  a  statement  of 
mine,  I  should  have  been  most  content  to  let  the 
gross  ignorance  he  displays  in  his  last  communi- 
cation pass  without  comment,  knowing  that  it 
could  only  excite  a  smile  among  those  conversant 
with  the  subject  he  has  ventured  upon. 

1.  As  to  the  Proceedings  of  the  Scottish  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  I  contented  myself  by  showing, 
by  a  comparison  with  other  publications  super- 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'i  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67, 


intended  by  Dr.  Robertson,  that  the  meaning  of 
his  remark  had  been  mistaken.  I  did  this  for 
the  simple  reason  that  I  \dshed  to  avoid  all  de- 
pendence on  personal  information.  But  I  may 
now  tell  J.  C.  R.  that  the  version  I  gave  of  these 
remarks  was  founded  on  private  communication 
Tvith  my  late  lamented  friend  and  others  -who 
■were  present  at  the  meeting. 

2.  The  question,  "  What  literary  remains  do  we 
possess  written  by  the  Celts  of  the  second  immi- 
gration, and  where  are  these  deposited  ?  "  might 
have  been  asked  twenty  years  ago  with  propriety 
as  far  as  Scotland  was  concerned.  It  is  true  that 
traces  of  them  were  to  be  foimd  in  the  publica- 
tions of  'Welsh  antiquaries,  but  they  attracted 
little  attention  north  of  the  Tweed.  A  total  change 
was,  however,  produced  by  the  publication,  in  1850, 
of  Count  Hersca-t  de  la  J'illemarque''s  Barchs  Bre- 
tons du  F7™«  Siede,  or,  perhaps  more  strictly,  of 
the  able  critical  notice  of  that  work  in  the  Quar- 
terly Revieio.  The  attention  of  archteologists  being 
directed  to  the  subject,  many  papers  were  read 
before  various  of  their  societies,  and  especially 
before  the  British  Archgeological  Association  by 
;Mj.  Beale  Poste  and  others. 

Several  of  the  poems,  it  was  at  once  evident, 
belonged  to  a  much  later  period  than  the  events 
they  profess  to  record ;  but  at  the  same  time  it 
was  remarkable  that  these  related  to  Cornwall 
and  Wales.  With  those  connected  with  Northum- 
berland and  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland  the  case 
was  different.  They  were  carefully  compared 
with  Bede,  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  Nennius,  the 
Ulster  Annals,  the  Dalriadic  Duan,  and  the 
Pictish  Chronicles,  and  were  found  to  stand  that 
most  crucial  of  all  tests,  the  consensus  in  ide^n. 
The  actors  in  them  were  all  identified,  as  were 
also  the  localities,  with  one  most  important  ex- 
ception, KaUraez  or  Cattraetli,  which  stUl  presents 
very  serious  difficulties. 

As  to  the  places  of  deposit,  J,  C.  R.  will  find 
these  fully  stated  in  Villemarqu^'s  preface,  p.  vii. 

The  rest  of  his  article  requires  no  answer :  when 
a  man  doubts  whether  mill  and  toioti  are  Saxon, 
it  is  needless  to  discuss  any  question  of  etymology 
with  him,  "George  Vere  Ikving. 

[The  discussion  of  this  subject  must  here  close, — Ed.] 


LEVESELL. 
(3'<»S.  X.  508;  xi.  65.) 
I  can  hardly  think  that  the  derivation  of  leve- 
sell  from  leaves'  cell  can  be  correct.  In  such  a 
case,  it  would  be  a  hybrid  word,  but  it  is  much 
more  likely  to  be  purely  English,  But  first,  as 
to  its  meaning: — Mr.  Larwood  suggests  a  lat- 
tice, a  trellised  bower,  which  does  not  seem  far 
out;  but  I  greatly  doubt  Speght's  explanation, 


that  it  means  the  bush  used  as  an  inn-sign.  This 
idea  of  Speght's  seems  to  have  been  a  pure  guess, 
and  eked  out  by  a  play  upon  the  word  bush,  in  its 
two  senses,  viz.  its  ordinary  sense,  and  the  par- 
ticular one  of  an  inn-sign,  Mr.  Wedgwood  ex- 
plains it :  "A  shed,  gallery,  portico,  like  German 
laube,  an  arbour,  hut,  gallery,  portico."  In  the 
Glossarij  of  Architecture  it  is  explained  to  mean  : 
"A  penthouse  or  projecting  roof  over  a  door, 
window,  &c. ;  also,  an  open  shed."  Again,  Mr. 
Morris  says,  iu  his  new  glossary  to  the  Aldine 
Chaucer:  "A  verandah,  a  portico.  It  signifies 
literally,  a  hut  of  green  trees."  All  these  expla- 
nations seem  to  have  regard  to  the  two  places 
where  the  word  occurs  in  Chaucer,  and  I  cannot 
find  that  it  occurs  anywhere  else,  except  in  the 
brief  notice  —  '^  Levecel,  befome  a  wyndowe,  or 
other  place,  umh-aculiwi"  —  in  the  Prompto- 
rium.  It  were  to  be  wished  that  Mr.  Morris  had 
told  us  tchj/  it  means  "  a  hut,"  &c.  But  I  suppose 
he  refers  to  the  A.-S.  sel,  a  seat,  dwelling,  man- 
sion ;  se/e,  a  hall,  a  house.  Grein,  in  his  A.-S. 
Dictionary,  shows  that  there  are  no  less  than 
twenty-one  words  compounded  with  sele,  as  bdn- 
sele,  a  bone-hall,  i.  e.  the  body,  hrqf-sele,  a  roofed 
hall,  &c.  The  radical  meaning  of  sel  seems  to  be, 
a  place  to  sit  in,  cf.  A.-S.  setl,  Lat.  sedeo.  But 
cell,  on  the  other  hand,  is  probably  from  the  Lat. 
celo,  which  is  a  very  different  matter.  I  incline, 
then,  to  the  derivation  from  A.-S.  ledfa  sel,  lit- 
erally a  house  or  bower  of  leaves;  and  in  the 
Persones  Tale,  I  would  explain  levesselle  by  a 
porch  with  leaves  :  such  a  treUised  wooden  porch, 
overgi'own  with  honeysuckle  or  creepers,  and  with 
a  couple  of  seats  in  it,  as  we  still  often  see  in 
country  places.  Whilst  in  the  Reeves  Tale  it 
clearly  means  an  open  shed,  since  the  clerks'  horse 
was  seen  ujider  it  from  some  little  distance. 
Such  a  shed  may  have  been  roughly  put  together 
with  green  boughs.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

22,  Regent  Street,  Cambridge. 


DiLAMGERBEXDI  (3"^  S.  ix,  69,  221,  309,)— I 
have  received  from  the  Librarian  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Utrecht  a  letter  respecting  ''Dilamger- 
bendi,"  in  which  he  says  that  "  in  the  archives  of 
S.  Salvador  the  MS.  is  no  longer  existant,  but," 
he  says,  "  I  have  found  a  MS.  in  the  library  of  the 
High  School,  which  was  derived  from  the  Carthu- 
sian monastery,  and  which  contains  the  Life  of  S. 
David."  He  has  kindly  sent  me  a  tracing  of  the 
passage  which  runs  thus  : — "  Qui  m  insula?n  mi- 
mindi  lanergbendi  gratam  deo  uita?«  ducebat." 
He  adds,  "  I  here  use  er  to  denote  the  usual  con- 
traction for  er,  viz.,  an  upward  curl — and  I  would 
add  that  mitnindi  is  certainly  not  nomine,  and  can- 
not be  read  as  nomine ;  and  that  the  space  between 
the  syllables  di  and  km  is  very  slight ;  and  also 


S-^d  s.  XI.  April  G,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


that  the  librarian,  Mr.  Vermeelden,  gives  it  up, 
and  I  think  I  had  better  do  the  same." 

W.  S.  J. 

DoxTBLE  AcEOSTics  (S"'^  S.  xi.  249.)  —  Mr.  Ca- 
VANAGH  should  quote  correctlj^  if  he  quotes  at  all, 
especially  in  a  periodical  like  "N.  &  Q.,"  whose 
usefulness  so  much  depends  on  its  precision.  At 
p.  483  (S'-'i  S.  X.)  I  stated  that  "  in  the  summer 
of  1856  I  first  saw  a  specimen  of  the  double 
acrostic  "  handed  about  in  MS.  in  private  circles. 
That  I  and  others  caught  up  the  idea,  and  also 
wrote  several  of  these  charades,  which,  in  their 
turn,  were  handed  about  in  MS.  from  one  friend 
to  another.  That  they  seemed  to  cause  interest 
and  amusement,  and  that  I  prepared  an  article  on 
the  subject  for  the  Christmas  number,  1856,  of 
the  Illustrated  London  Neios,  wherein  I  laid  no 
claim  to  being  their  inventor,  but  spoke  of  them 
as  novel  and  ingenious  riddles  that  had  been  lately 
introduced  into  society.  From  these  three  para- 
graphs Mb.  Cavais^agh  takes  a  portion  of  the  first 
and  joins  it  to  a  portion  of  the  third,  making  me 
to  say,  that  in  the  summer  of  1856  I  first  saw  a 
specimen  of  the  double  acrostic  in  the  Christmas 
number  of  the  Illustrated  Netos;  from  which  ex- 
traordinary instance  of  second-sight  Me.  Cava- 
NAGH  states,  that  C.  Bede  "■  proceeds  to  appropriate 
the  merit."     The  merit  of  what  ? 

Ctjthbert  Bede. 

H.M.S.  Glatton  (3'^  S.  xi.  164.)  — In  a  note 
on  "  Signboards  "  (S'^^  S.  x.  304)  I  mentioned  as 
a  curious  circumstance  that  the  three  public- 
houses  of  such  an  inland  village  as  that  of  Holme, 
Huntingdonshire,  should  bear  such  nautical  signs 
as  "The  Ship,"  ^'The  Man  of  War,"  and  ''The 
Admiral,"  and  I  said  that  they  were  so  named 
*'in  compliment  to  Admiral  Wells  of  Holme, 
whose  ship,  the  Glatton,  was  so  called  after  the 
adjoining  parish  of  Glatton,  of  which  he  was  lord 
of  the  manor."  Your  correspondent  S.  H.  M.  says 
that ''  the  name  points  to  some  connection  with 
the  Wells  family.  But  what  ?  "  The  connection 
is  explained  in  the  sentence  I  have  quoted.  Your 
correspondent,  however,  is  quite  correct  in  saying 
that  Admiral  Wells  "  never  had  any  connection 
with  the  Glatton  after  she  was  brought  into  the 
service."  Mr.  Thomas  Dolby  had  also  fallen  into 
error  as  to  Admiral  Wells  naming  the  ship,  in  his 
Gossipping  Companion  to  the  Great  Northern  Rail- 
tvay,  p.  40 ;  and  he  is  correct  in  his  surmise  that 
it  was  not  the  Admiral,  but  his  father,  *'  whose 
ship"  was  the  Glatton.  On  this  point  I  may 
quote  Bray  ley  :  — 

"  Glatton  was  afterwards  possessed  by  the  Castells  and 
Sherrards,  and  since  by  Mr.  Wells,  ship-builder  at  Chat- 
ham, who  built  the  Glatton,  of  fifty  guns,  now  in  the 
Mediterranean." — Huntingdonshire,  p.  543. 

A  representation  of  H.M.  steam  floating-battery 
Glatton  will  be  found  in  the  Illustrated  London 


News,  Sept.  29,  1855,  and  it  is  there  stated  that 
she  was  so  named  by  the  Admiralty  in  commemo- 
ration of  the  Glatton's  victory,  July  15,  1796, — a 
correspondent  of  ''N.  &  Q."  being  quoted  for 
this  statement  {!'*■  S.  xi.  343,  372.) 

Ctjthbert  Bede, 
Pearls  oe  Eloquence  (3''''  S.  xi.  223.)— Your 
correspondent  A.  B.  M.  gives  unfortunately  no 
clue  to  the  date  of  the  first  publication  of  the 
Glove  and  Love  joke.  I  shall  carefully  note  his 
reading,  and  hope  to  collect  more.  If  these  Pearls 
of  Eloque^ice  really  be  what  the  author  states — 
"I  could  not  but  present  thee  again  with  this 
sprig  or  rather  more  aptly  composed  Iliad,"  &c. — 
and  not  a  compilation,  there  are  undoubtedly  some 
very  good  things  in  it ;  and  further  to  test  W. 
Elder,  Gent.'s,  originality,  may  I  occupy  your 
valuable  space  with  one  or  two  additional  ex- 
tracts :  — 

"  Shall  I  weep  or  shall  I  sing  ? 
I  know  not  best  which  fits  mourning  : 
If  I  weep  I  ease  mj  brain, 
If  I  sing  I  sweeten  pain. 
Weeping,  I'le  sing,  and  singing  weep, 
To  see  how  maids  no  love  can  keep.'" 
And  — 

"  A  wife  is  like  a  garment  worn  and  torn  ; 
A  maid  like  one  made  up  but  never  worn  ; 
A  widow  like  a  garment  worn  threadbare, 
Sold  at  the  second  hand,  like  broker's  ware." 

"  We  lived  one-and-twenty  years 
A  man  and  wife  together, 
I  could  no  longer  keep  her  here. 
She  is  gone  I  know  not  whither  ; 
Could  I  but  guess,  I  do  protest, 
I  speak  it  not  to  flatter, 
Of  all  the  women  in  the  world 
I  never  would  come  at  her. 
I  rather  tliink  she  is  soard  aloft, 
For  in  a  late  great  thunder 
Methought  I  heard  her  very  voice 
Rendring  the  clouds  assunder  {sic). 
Thus  charity  bids  judge  the  best 
Of  them  that  are  departed. 
Oh !  what  a  heavenly  thing  is  rest 
To  them  that  long  have  smarted." 

The  following   evidences   appreciation   of    the 
fashionable  coloured  hair,  although  somewhat  ob- 
scure :  — 
"  Her  hairs  reflex  with  red  streaks  paint  the  skies, 

Stars  stoop  to  fetch  fresh  lustre  from  her  eyes  ; 

Whilst  that  those  golden  threds  play  with'her  breath, 

Shewing  life's  triumph  in  the  map  of  death." 

F.  W.  C. 

"DiTBLiK  Christian  Instrtjctor  "  (3""^  S.  xi. 
115.)  —  In  reply  to  your  correspondent,  I  think  I 
can  give  you  the  history  of  The  Christian  Instruc- 
tor, as  I  have  all,  or  nearly  all,  the  volumes. 

In  January,  1815,  there  appeared  a  magazine 
published  by  Napper,  140,  Capel  Street,_  and 
conducted  by  a  clergyman  of  the  Established 
Church.  It  is  like  The  Christian  Observer,  and 
contains  accounts  of  meetinp;s  of  religious  socie- 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  April  6,  '67. 


ties,  and  miscellaneous  papers.  This  seems  to  have 
continued  only  for  the  year  1815. 

In  the  year  1818,  I  find  The  Christian  Instruc- 
tor and  Repertory  of  Education,  a  magazine  of 
the  same  class,  at  the  same  price  I  believe,  six- 
pence per  number.  It  was  published  by  Good- 
win, Denmark  Street,  and  was  evidently  in  the 
hands  of  the  Dissenters.  I  say  this  not  from  any 
peculiar  views  on  Church  matters,  but  from  the 
prominence  given  to  the  meetings,  sermons,  and 
missions  of  Presbyterians,  Independents,  and  Bap- 
tists.    This  publication  continued  for  some  years. 

In  the  number  for  December,  1821,  I  find  the 
poem  for  which  one  of  your  correspondents  in- 
quires — 

"  Sleep,  little  baby,  sleep 
Not  in  thy  cradle  bed,"  &c. 

The  publication  continued  till  the  end  of  1823. 
I  cannot  find  any  volume  for  1824,  but  in  1825 
I  find  the  magazine  revived  under  the  name  of 
The  Christian  Magazine,  or  Missionary  Recorder. 
The  publishers  were  Westley  and  Tyrrell,  Sack- 
ville  Street.  How  long  this  new  magazine  con- 
tinued I  cannot  say. 

Some  of  the  information  is  most  valuable,  and 
some  of  the  views  of  the  writers  on  education  are 
amusing  :  they  show  how  much  progress  has  been 
made  in  the  art  of  teaching  in  the  last  half  cen- 
tury. H. 

Dublin. 

LivEmG  (3"^  S.  xi.  3o.)  —  Wright's  Provincial 
Dictionary  gives  "  Living,  a  farm.  Leicestershire." 
In  Norfolk  it  is  a  very  common  word.  A  London 
man  might  call  a  person's  house  and  grounds  a 
nice  place,  but  a  Norfolk  man  would  use  the 
word  living.  In  this  sense,  too,  it  occurs  in  Ben 
Jonson  :  "I  have  a  pretty  living  o'  mine  own  too, 
beside,  hard  bv  here."  (^Even/  Man  in  his  Humour, 
Act  I.  Sc.  1.)  '  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Church  11^  Portugal  (3'i  S.  xi.  136.)  — The 
article  spoken  of  was  written  by  the  late  Dr. 
Neale,  the  Warden  of  Sackville  College,  who  for 
two  or  three  years  was  compelled  by  his  health 
to  spend  the  winter  in  Madeira.  I  have  heard 
clergymen  of  the  Portuguese  Church  testify  to 
the  excellence  and  fidelity  of  the  work,  as  well 
as  their  astonishment  at  the  vast  extent  of  reading, 
and  the  deep  and  accurate  acquaintance  with  the 
subject  which  it  shows.  I  am  not  aware  that 
Dr.  Neale  wrote  a  history  of  the  Portuguese 
Church.  ViLEC. 

St.  Bernard  (3"^  S.  xi.  138.)— In  the  Antwerp 
edition  of  St.  Bernard's  Opera  Omnia,  1620, 
p.  1127,  I  find  the  -tract  referred  to  under  the 
title  "  De  Scala  Claustrali."  Cap.  v.,  Signa  Spiri- 
tus  Sancti  ad  animam  venientis,  begins  thus :  — 

"  Sed  o  Domine,  quomodo  comperimus,  quando  base 
facis,  et  quod  signum   adventus  tui  ?     Numquid  hujus 


consolationis  et  lastitise  testes  et  nuncii  sunt  suspiria  et 
lacrymoe  ?  Si  ita  est,  nova  est  antiphrasis  ista,  et  sig- 
nificatio  inusitata.  Quse  enim  eonventio  consolationis 
ad  suspiria,  lictitife  ad  lacrymas  ?  Si  tamen  istse  dicendae 
sunt  lacrymae,  et  non  potius  roris  interioris  desuper 
infusi  superfluens  abundantia,  et  ad  interioris  ablutionis 
judicium  exterioris  hominis  purgamentum." 

This  tract  is  supposed  not  to  be  genuine.  See 
the  Benedictine  edition,  vol.  ii.  p.  324,  and 
"  N.  &  Q."  2'"'  S.  xi.  164. 

BiBLIOTHECAR.  ChETHAM. 

Queen  Charlotte  and  the  Chevalier  D'Eon 
(3"»  S.  xi.  209.)— These  disgraceful  doings  in  the 
Pcxris  literary  world  remind  one  of  a  nefarious 
act  equally  barefaced,  and  which  was  speedily 
branded. 

Some  thirty  years  ago,  aMr.DeCourchamp,after 
publishing  with  immense  success  his  very  clever 
and  amusing  Memoires  de  la  Marquise  de  Crequi, 
came  out  with  a  feuilleton  in  the  Journal  des  Dehats 
(if  I  mistake  not),  which  another  Paris  periodical. 
La  Presse,  at  once  declared  to  be  spurious ;  and,  in 
order  to  prove  its  assertion,  promised  to  publish 
the  next  morning,  word  for  word,  the  continua- 
tion of  the  story  which  would  appear  in  the 
Dehats  on  the  same  day,  which  in  fact  it  did. 
It  turned  out  that  Mr.  De  Courchamp  had  copied 
from  beginning  to  end  a  work  written  in  1814  by 
a  Polish  Count  Potoski.  The  consequence  of 
this  expose  was  that  the  feuilletons  in  the  Dehats 
were  at  once  discontinued  ;  the  wretched  plagiary 
was  condemned,  and  died  a  short  time  after  of 
grief  and  shame.  Mr.  De  Courchamp  was  an  old 
man,  and  could  not  "  plead  as  his  excuse  his 
youth."  P.  A.  S. 

Stonor  Family  (S'-^  S.  xi.  116,  183.)  — Sir 
Adrian  Fortescue,  whose  first  wife  was  Miss 
Stonor  (see  his  pedigree  in  Chauncy's  Hertford- 
shire, ii.  348),  was  attainted  with  fifteen  others  in 
1539.  The  Act  was  passed  with  indecent  haste. 
It  wasread  the  first  and  second  times  in  the  House 
of  Lords  on  May  10,  read  the  third  time  the  next 
day,  and  in  fivedaysmore  was  sent  back  from  the 
Commons.  Sir  Adrian  was  executed  on  July  10. 
(Cobbett's  State  Trials,  i.  482.)  S.  P.  V. 

"  The  Ket  of  Paradise  "  (3"^  S.  xi.  175.)— 
This  Prayer-book  first  appeared  in  Keating  and 
Brown's  Catalogue  in  the  Ordo  recitandi,  and 
Laity's  Directory,  for  the  year  1835,  priced  at 
3s.  Gd.  Soon  after,  the  price  was  raised  to  4s. 
It  seems  to  have  been  the  well-known  old  Key  of 
Heaven,  with  additions ;  but  having  never  seen  it, 
I  cannot  speak  to  its  contents.  The  Key  of  Heaven, 
a  most  excellent  prayer-book,  was  compiled  by  the 
Ptev.  John  Hugh  Owen,  S.  J.,  who  died  at  Holy- 
well, December  28,  1686,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
one.  The  most  valuable  portions  of  it  are  taken 
from  the  spiritual  works  of  the  Rev.  John  Gother. 

F.  C.  H. 


3'd  S.  XI.  Apeil  6,  'e?.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


Occurrences  in  Edinburgh,  1688  (3'''  S.  xi. 
96,  203.)— To  the  inquiry  of  F.  M.  S.,  I  beg 
to  recommend  to  his  notice  Chronologicpl  Notes 
on  Scottish  A  fairs,  1680  to  17  01,  frovi  the  Diary 
of  Lord  Foiintainhall,  edited  by  Sir  W.  Scott,  4to, 
1821.  Sir  Thomas  Dick  Lauder  undertook  a  life 
of  Lord  Fountainhall,  but  I  believe  the  promise 
■was  not  carried  out.  J.  E.  Dayis. 

Stoke-upon-Trent. 

Birth  op  Napoleon  II.  (2"'"  S.  xii.  135,  175, 
195.)  — In  looking  over  the  Tractatus  de  .  nstruc- 
tione  simplicitmi  Confessorum  of  Antoninus,  Arch- 
bishop of  Florence  (ed.  princ.  s.  I.  et  a.),  I  found, 
under  the  head  "  Circa  Medicos,"  a  curious  series 
of  questions  to  be  addressed  to  medical  practi- 
tioners—  one  of  which  reminded  me  of  a  subject 
discussed  three  or  four  years  ago  in  your  pages. 

I  think  that  the  tendency  of  the  extract  sub- 
joined is  clearly  to  show  that  the  saving  of  the 
mother  at  the  expense  of  the  child  would  have 
been,  at  any  rate  in  the  fifteenth  century,  ac- 
counted a  mortal  sin  in  the  surgeon  who  should 
have  made  the  attempt,  and  that  the  informant 
of  Stylites  had  ancient  warrant  for  his  assertion. 
The  penitent  is  to  be  asked :  — 

"  Si  dedit  consilium  ut  medicinam  pro  salute  corporis 
in  periculum  animae  .  .  scilicet  ...  Si  medicinam 
dat  pregnanti  ad  occidendum  fcetum,  etiam  pro  conserva- 
tione  matris     .     .     .     quia  mortale  est,"  etc. 

It  is  also  accounted  a  mortal  sin  to  give  an 
intoxicating  draught  to  a  patient.  Would  not 
chloroform  have  been  prohibited  by  such  a  re- 
striction ? 

I  must  in  fairness  add,  that  the  chapter  contains 
some  most  wholesome  questions ;  e.  g.  whether 
the  surgeon  is  duly  qualified,  is  assiduous  in  his 
attention  to  the  sick,  and  whether  he  visits  gratis 
those  who  cannot  afford  to  pay  for  advice  or 
medicine  ?  It  is  declared  to  be  a  mortal  sin  to 
fail  in  any  of  these  particulars. 

J.  Eliot  Hodgkin. 

Lloyd  Family  {^"^  S.  xi.  138.) — John  Johnes, 
Esq.,  Dolan  Cothi,  Carmarthenshire,  late  county- 
court  judge  for  the  counties  of  Carmarthen, 
Pembroke  and  Cardigan,  and  chairman  of  the 
Carmarthenshire  Quarter  Sessions,  is  a  representa- 
tive of  the  Lloyds  of  Maesyvelin.  He  is  lineally 
descended  from  Sir  Walter  Lloyd,  Knt.,  who  was 
M.P.  for  Cardiganshire,  and  high  sheriff"  for  that 
countyin  the  year  1622,  from  whom  he  is  the 
ninth  in  descent.  Sir  Herbert  Lloyd,  the  last 
baronet  of  this  family,  was  descended  in  a  col- 
lateral line  from  the  same  Sir  Walter,  and  was 
the  fourth  in  descent  from  him.  Pie  was  M.P. 
for  the  Cardiganshire  boroughs  from  1761  to 
1768.  On  January  26,  1763,  he  was  created  a 
baronet  by  George  III,  He  died  in  1769,  and 
not  in  1750,  as  stated  by  C.  L.  on  the  authority 
of  Burke.     The  first  of  the  family  who  settled  at 


Maesyvelin  was  Sir  Marmaduke  Lloyd,  whose 
daughter  was  married  to  Thomas,  the  eldest  son 
of  the  above-named  Sir  Walter  Lloyd,  Knt. 

Llallawg. 

Norwegian  Earthquake  (3'^  S.  xi.  139.)— As 
to  the  time  of  day  at  which  the  earthquake  took 
place  at  Lisbon  on  November  1, 1755, 1  copy  what 
follows  from  a  letter  on  the  subject  of  that  earth- 
quake, which  will  be  found  in  vol.  ii.  p.  483  of 
Varietes  Litteraires;  ou,  Recueil  de  pihces  tant 
originales  qiie  traduites  concernant  la  Philosophic, 
la  Litter  attire,  et  les  Arts,  Paris,  1768:  — 

"  Environ  a  neuf  heures  quatre  minutes  du  matin,  on 
sentit  k  Lisbonne  une  trfes-violente  secousse,  qui  ne  dura 
qu'une  minute  mais  qui  apres  un  intervalle  de  30  a  40 
secondes  reprit  avec  plus  de  force.  Au  bout  d'un  se- 
cond intervalle,  on  essuy  une  troisieme  secousse,  dont  la 
duree  fut  d'environ  trois  minutes.  C'est  apparemment 
cette  dernierequi  fut  ressentie  en  meme  temsdans  presque 
toute  I'Europe,"  &c. 

G. 

Edinburgh. 

Song  (S'^  S.  xi.  96,  163.)— The  original  idea  of 
this  song  is  to  be  found  in  Chaucer.  In  the  "  Per- 
sones  Tale"  we  read :  — 

"  Now  cometh  how  that  a  man  shuld  here  him  with  his 
wif,  and  name!}'  in  two  thinges,  that  is  to  say,  in  sufFrance 
and  in  reverence,  and  this  shewed  Crist  whan  he  fir.ste 
made  woman.  For  he  ne  made  hire  of  the  hed  of  Adam, 
for  she  shuld  not  claime  to  gret  lordshippe ;  for  ther  as 
the  woman  hath  the  maistrie,  she  maketh  to  moche  dis- 
array :  ther  nede  non  ensamples  of  this,  the  experience 
that  we  have  day  by  day  ought  ynough  suffice.  Also 
certes,  God  ne  made  not  woman  of  the  foot  of  Adam,  for 
she  shuld  not  be  holden  so  lowe,  for  she  cannot  patiently 
suffer:  but  God  made  woman  of  the  rib  of  Adam,  for 
woman  shuld  be  felaw  unto  man." 

Matthew  Henry  has  borrowed  the  idea  in  bis 
note  on  Genesis  ii.  21,  22  :  — 

"  4.  That  the  woman  was  made  of  a  rib  out  of  the 
side  of  Adam  ;  not  made  out  of  his  head  to  top  him, 
not  out  of  his  feet  to  be  trampled  upon  by  him,  but  out 
of  his  side  to  be.  equal  with  him,  under  his  arm  to  be  pro- 
tected, and  near  his  heart  to  be  beloved." 

Johnson  Baily, 
Bishop  Middleham. 


Mi^cellmxcaue. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 
Private  Devotions   and  Miscellanies  of  James,    Seventh 

Earl  of  Derby,  K.  G.      With  a  Prefatory  Memoir  and 

an  Appendix  of  Documents.     Edited  by  theRev.  F.  R. 

Raine,    M.A.,  "F.S.A.,   &c.       Vols.    I.    II.    and    III. 

(Printed  for  the  Chetham  Society.) 

That  a  society  instituted  as  the  Chetham  Society  was, 
for  the  publication  of  Historical  and  Literary  Remains 
connected  with  the  palatine  counties  of  Lancaster  and  Che- 
shire, should  contribute  to  the  history  of  the  noble  house 
of  Stanley  was  only  to  be  expected ;  and  two  volumes  of 
Stanley  Papers  have  already  been  printed  by  the  Society. 
The  lirst  is  devoted  to  The' Earls  of  Derby  and  the  Verse 
Writers  and  Poets  of  the  16th  and  17th  Centuries,  edited 
by  Mr.  Hey  wood  ;  and  the  second  to  The  Household  Books 
of  the  Third  and  Fourth  Earls,  with  other  illustrative  Do- 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Sfd  S.  XI.  Aprii.  6,  '67. 


citmcnts,  edited  by  Canon  Raine.  The  "  jNIartyr  Earl,"  I 
■whose  memory-  is  still  honoured  throughout  aU  parts  of  | 
Lancashire,  forms  the  subject  of  the  third  division,  for 
■which  -we  are  also  indebted  to  the  learning  and  zeal  of 
the  same  intelligent  editor,  the  Rev.  Canon  Raine,  at 
at  ■whose  disposal  the  present  Earl  has  placed,  not  only  | 
the  manuscripts  of  Earl  James,  but  all  the  other  MSS. 
at  Knowsley  calculated  to  illustrate  his  life  and  ■writ- 
ings. This  liberality  has  been  followed  by  the  pos- 
sessors of  other  materials  for  the  lives  and  characters 
of  this  gallant  and  unhappy  nobleman  and  his  scarcely 
less  dLstinguished  countess,"  Charlotte  de  la  Tremouille ; 
so  that  in  these  three  interesting  volumes  -we  have  fully 
told  the  story  of"  that  Gallant  Cavalier,"  who,  to  use  the 
■ft'ords  of  ilacaulaj^  "  faced  death  so  bravely  both  on  the 
field  of  battle  and  on  the  scaifold  for  the  House  of  Stuart." 
The  volimies  are  illustrated  with  portraits  of  the  Earl  and 
Countess,  and  -will  be  -welcome  and  interesting  far  be- 
yond the  circle  of  the  Society  to  ■whom,  in  conjunction 
■with  Canon  Raine,  ■we  are  indebted  for  this  useful  con- 
tribution to  our  stores  of  historical  information. 

Books  Received. — 

The  Jounial  of  Sacred  Literature.  Edited  by  B.  Harris 
Co-wper.  No.  l.  Fifth  Series.  (Williams  &  Xorgate.) 
We  take  shame  to  ourselves  for  ha^^ng  passed  -without 
notice  so  many  numbers  of  this  learned  and  useful  journal. 
The  first  article  in  the  number  before  us.  The  Church  and 
the  Worlilng  Men,  is  one  deserving  the  serious  attention 
of  aU  Avho  desire  to  see  our  ■\?orking  population  recovered 
to  a  public  ackno-wledgment  of  religious  ordinances. 

Photographic  Portraits  of  Men  of  Eminence  in  Literature, 
Science,  and  Art.  Parts  45  §•  46.  (A.  W.  Bennett.) 
The  portraits  -which  -will  be  found  in  the  new  parts  of 
this  interesting  Galleiy  of  Contemporaries,  are  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Smith,  the  ne-w  ed"itor  of  The  Quarterly ;  Lyon  Play- 
fair,  Robert  Patterson,  the  Naturalist ;  Dr.  Colenso ; 
Bazalgette,  to  whom  London  will  owe  her  embankment ; 
and  Sir  J.  Emerson  Tennent. 

The  Novels  and  Tales  of  George  Eliot.     No.  1.     Adam 

Bede.     (Blackwood.) 

The  first  of  a  neatly  printed  issue  in  sixpenny  numbers 
of  the  works  of  this  novelist,  which  cannot  fail  to  add  to 
their  deserved  popularity. 

The  AH  Journal  for  April.     (Yixixxs,  &  Co.) 

In  addition  to  its  usual  artistic  and  literary  attractions, 
The  Art  Journal  for  April  commences  its  Illustrated  Cata- 
logue of  the  Paris  Exhibition,  which  contains  engra\-ings 
of  upwards  of  a  hundred  objects  of  ornamental  art  in  its 
various  branches,  -with  an  introductorj'  essay  by  the  Rev. 
C.  BouteU. 


Caxcuttensis.    Where  will  a  letter  reach  our  Correspondent  ? 
M4TFELo.v._  F.   F.  shoifld  consult  "N  &  Q."  3rd  S.  v\i.  208,  and  the 


A.  O  -V.  P.  Both  Hobi/  and  Ilumberstone  are  in  Leicestershire  {not 
Lincolnshire).    See  Sichols's  Leicestershire,  vol.  iii.  pt.  i.  pp.  261—278. 

B.  AND  C.  These  queries  should  have  been  forwarded  to  some  Church 
periodical. 

Jatdee.  Sir  Benjamin  Thompson  was  bom  at  the  village  ofRurnfitrd 
in  Kew  Ennlan'i,N.A..hence  the  title  of  Count  Mumfoj-d  conferred  on 
himby  the  Elector  of  Bavaria. 

F.  F.  The  word  Benefice  is  applied  to  any  Church  living,  whether  a 
dignity  or  any  other  kind. 

SwAD Charles  Dibdin,  the  naval  sonp  xoriter,  was  the  son  of  Thomas 

DibUin,  cle7-k  of  the  parish  of  Southampton.    Charles  was  born  in  1745, 
notllM.    ^ee"N.  &  U."2nd  S.X.415. 

Ebbatum 3rd  S.  xi.  p.  176,  col.  i.  line  !2,  for  "  1302  "  read  "  1682." 

AReadiQgCase  tor  holding  the -weekly  Nos.  of  "N.  &  Q."  is  now 
ready,  and  maybe  had  of  all  Booksellers  and  Newsmen,  price  Is.  fid.; 
or,  free  by  poet,  direct  from  the  publisher,  for  Is.  8d. 

"No'CEs  &  QnEBiEs"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


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bv  the  closest  observer  :  they  will  never  change  colour  or  decay,  and 
will  be  found  very  superior  to  any  teeth  ever  before  used.  This  method 
does  not  require  the  extraction  of  roots  or  any  painful  operation,  and 
will  support  and  preserve  teeth  that  are  loose,  and  is  guaranteed  to 
restore  articulation  and  mastication.  Decayed  teeth  stopped  and  ren- 
dered sound  and  useful  in  mastication 52,  Fleet  Street.    At  home 

from  ten  till  five.— Consultations  free. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

FOR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC, 


"■WTien  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  Captain  Cuttle. 


Ko.  276. 


Saturday,  April  13,  1867. 


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THE  EDINBURGH  REVIEW,  No.  CCLVJ. 
Will  be  published  on  TUESDAY  NEXT. 

I.  COUNT  BEUGNOT'S  MEMOIRS. 
II.  ARCHEOLOGY  OF  NORTH  AMEKICA. 
IIL  THE  PRUSSIAN  CAMPAIGN  OF  18(i6. 
IV.  PASTEUR  ON  SPONTANEOUS  GENERATION. 
V.  LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF  HANS  HOLBEIN. 
VI.  RITUALISM. 
VII.  THE  REIGN  OF  LOUIS  XV. 
Viri.  CORRESPONDENCE    OF    WILLIAM  IV.  WITH  EAKL 
GREY. 
IX.  FATAL  ACCIDENTS  IN  COAL  MINES. 
X.  TODD  ON  PARLIAMENTARY  GOVERNMENT. 
London:   LONGMANS  and  CO.    Edinburgh:  A.  and  C.  BLACK. 


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English  Terse.    By  John  Coningtox,  M.A.  Corpus 
Professor  of  Latin  in  the  University'  of  Oxford. 

most  attractive  that  we  have  of  a 
poet,  who,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Au- 
thor of  the  Christian  Year, 


'  The  above  extracts,  though  no 
more  than  average,  and  by  no  means 
the  most  characteristic  specimens  of 
the  writer's  peculiar  exceVence  in 
translation  from  the  Latin,  will 
suffice,  we  think,  to  recommend 
Prof.  Co.ninoton's  version  to  Eng- 
lish readers  as  the  very  best  aiid 


th  the  single  exception  of  Sopao- 
cLES,  the  purest-minded  and  most 
religious  of  the  ancient  Pagan  clas- 
sics,' John  Boll. 


London  :  LONGMANS,  GREEN,  and  CO.  Paternoster  Row. 


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3rd  S.  No.  27C. 


THE   QUARTERLY  REVIEW,   No.    CCXLIV 
is  PUBLISHED  THIS  DAY. 

Contents : 
L  CHARACTER  OF  GEORGE  THE  THIRD, 
n.  SEA  FISH  AND  FISHERIES. 

III.  AUTOBIOGRAPHY  OF  A  PHYSIOLOGIST. 

IV.  WESTMORELAND. 

V,  POETRY  OF  THE  SEVEN  DIALS. 
VI.  DU  CHAILLU'S  RECENT  TRAVELS. 
VIL  MYTHS  OF  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 
VIII.  NEW  AMERICAN  RELIGIONS. 
IX.  RAILWAY  FINANCE. 
X.  WELLINGTON  IN  THE  PENINSULA. 
XI.  THE  FOUR  REFORM  ORATORS. 

last 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 

Now  ready,  in  2  vols.,  post  8vo,  with  Portraits,  Us. 

MEMOIRS  OF  WILLIAM  HAZLITT, 

With  Portions  of  his  Correspondence. 

By  his  Grandson,  W.  CAREW  HAZLITT,  Barrister-at-Law. 

RICHARD   BENTLEY,  Publisher   in  Ordinary  to   Her  Majesty. 


Now  ready,  in  2  vols.  Svo,  with  Illustrations. 

SIXTH  EDITION  OF  NEW  AMEEICA.   By 

WILLIAM  HEPWORTH  DIXON. 

Dixon  has  written  thoughtfully  and 

A  TRIP  to  the  TROPICS  and  HOME  through 

AMERICA.    By  the  MARQUIS  OF  LORNE.    I  vol.  Illustrated. 

WILD   LIFE   AMONG  THE    PACIFIC 


NOOKS  and  CORNERS  in  OLD  FRANCE. 


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GENEALOGY  and  FAMILY  HISTORY.— 
Authentic  Pedigrees  deduced  from  the  Public  Records  and  Private 
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Advowsons,  Manors,  &c.  Translations  of  Ancient  Deeds  and  Records. 
Researches  made  in  the  British  Museum.— Address  to  M.  DOLMAN, 
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NOTES  -AND  QUERIES., 


[S'd  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67. 


Preparing  for  Publication.    Uniform  with  Jesse's  "  Memoirs  of  George  the  Third." 

HANNAH    LIGHTFOOT. 
QUEEN  CHARLOTTE  AND  THE  CHEVALIER  D'EON. 
DR.   WILMOT'S  POLISH  PRINCESS. 

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c 


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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


289 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  13,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— N»  276. 

NOTES :  —  Pierre  Corneille,  the  Spanish  Dramatists,  and 
Oliver  Cromwell,  289  —  Caligraphy,  291  —  Caucus  —  Notes 
in  Books  —  Anecdote  of  David  Hume  —  Collections  in 
Parish  of  Wolsingham :  Bodies  —  "  It  ends  with  a  Whew, 
like  Cawthorne  Feast "  —  National  Music  —  A  Suggestion, 
292. 

QUERIES:  — The  MSS.  of  Thomas  Dineley,  293  — Anglo- 
Indian  Literature  —  George,  Earl  of  Auckland  —  Bible 
and  Key  Superstition  —  Catchem's  End:  Colinson  — 
Caesar's  Horse  —  John  Cozens,  the  Water-colour  Painter 
—Dr.  Richard  Dongworth  —  Heme  Family  —  Dr.  Hornsby 

—  Journal  temp.  Charles  I.  —  Macaronic  Character  of 
Pitt  — "Norrepod"  — "O,  Physics,  beware  of  Metaphy- 
sics !  "  —  Organ  —  Printing  Medal  —  Quotation  —  Reader 
of  the  Refectory  —  Stranger  derived  from  "  E  "  —  Sword 
Query— "Teague,"  an  Irish  Name  — William  de  Lang- 
land  :  Stacy  de  Rokayle  —  The  Winton  Domesday  — 
Worthington  Family:  "Certamen  Worthingtoniorum," 
294. 

QPEEiES  WITH  Answers  :  —  Rev.  John  Hill  —  Olympia 
Morata,  &c.  —  MS.  Dramas  —  Homer  k  la  Mode  —  Glencoe 
Massacre  —  The  Drapers'  Company  —  Walter  Mapes  — 
Maid's-Morton,  Bucks,  296. 

REPLIES :  —  The  WiUow  Pattern,  298  — Treatise  on  Oaths, 
300  —  Male  and  Female  Births,'75.  —  Family  of  De  Scurth, 
or  De  Scur,  301  —  Andrea  di  Jorio,  lb.  —  Dalmahoy  Family, 
302  —  Multursheaf— "Tales  of  Terror"  —  Genealogical 
Query— Ordination  in  Scotland  —  De  Ros  —  Mar's  Work 

—  Richard  Hey,  LL.D.  —  Throwing  the  SHpper  after  a 
newly-married  Pair  —  Astronomy  and  History  —  Ohver 
Cromwell  — Thomas  Churchyard  —  William  Balcombe — 
Woman's  Love:  Quotation  —  Jacobite  Verses  —  Hair 
standing  on  End  —  Latin  Quotations,  &c.,  303. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


PIEREE  CORNEILLE,  THE    SPANISH   DRAMA- 
TISTS, AND  OLIVER  CROMWELL. 

The  noble  monument  wliicli  M.  Hachette  is 
erecting  to  the  classical  literature  of  France  pro- 
gresses satisfactorily,  and  volume  after  volume 
takes  its  place  on  our  library  table,  bearing  wit- 
ness to  untiring  industry,  careful  editing,  and 
sound  scholarship.  Madame  de  Sevigne's  letters 
are  now  quite  complete,  Malherbe  is  very  nearly 
so,  Racine  and  La  Bruyere  have  already  entered 
an  appearance,  whilst  Pierre  Corneille  lacks  only 
a  couple  of  volumes  to  make  him  perfect.  It  is 
about  him  that  we  purpose  saying  a  few  words 
on  the  present  occasion.  The  remark  has  often 
been  repeated  that  no  critic  can  be  ever  at  a  loss 
to  discover  some  new  point  of  interest  in  talking 
or  writing  about  the  men  whose  genius  has  been 
enshrined  in  the  admiration  of  posterity.  Let  us 
see  whether  this  is  not  strictly  true  with  regard 
to  the  author  of  Le  Cicl  and  Polyeucte. 

The  topic  we  would  particularly  dwell  upon 
here  is  the  influence  which  the  taste  for  Spanish 
literature  had  in  the  selection  of  the  subjects  treated 
by  Corneille.  Except  Southey  and  Schlegel,  we 
are  not  aware  that  any  writer  has  discussed  this 
curious  question  with  the  attention  it  deserves ; 
and  M.  Hachette's  edition,  on  the  contrary,  is  full 
of  the  most  copious  illustration  about  it. 

When  we  think  of  Spain  in  connection  with 


Corneille,  the  famous  tragedy  Le  Cid  is  the  first, 
of  course,  to  suggest  itself.  Now  it  is  well  known 
thatGuillem  de  Castro  claims  the  honour  of  having 
supplied  the  French  poet  with  a  model.  Con- 
cerning this  fact  there  is  not  the  slightest  doubt, 
and  no  one  attempts  to  deny  it.  The  difficulty 
arises  from  another  Spanish  play,  entitled  Comedia 
famosa  del  Cid  honrador  de  sii  Padre,  and  the 
author  of  which  is  D.  Juan  Bautista  Diamante. 
Referring  to  him,  Voltaire  remarks :  — 

"  We  had  alwaj-s  thought  that  Guillem  de  Castro's  Cid 
was  the  only  tragedy  which  the  Spaniards  had  given  on 
that  interesting  subject ;  there  was,  however,  another 
Cid,  which  had  been  represented  on  the  Madrid  stage 
with  as  much  success  as  that  of  Guillem.  The  author 
is  D.  Juan  Bautista  Diamante,  and  the  play  is  called,  &c. 
&c.  ...  It  is  considered  to  be  by  a  few  years  anterior  to 
the  tragedy-  of  Guillem.  The  work  is  extremely  rare, 
and  there  are  not  more,  perhaps,  than  three  copies  of 
it  to  be  found  in  Europe." 

This  assertion  of  Voltaire,  repeated  by  him  in 
the  last  edition  (1774)  he  gave  of  his  Commentaires 
SU7-  Corneille,  tended  to  show  that  Corneille  had 
been  guilty  of  falsehood  when  he  named  Guillem. 
de  Castro  as  his  only  guide  for  the  composition 
of  Le  Cid.  La  Harpe  made  himself  on  this  occa- 
sion the  echo  of  Voltaire  ;  and  an  absolute  mistake, 
arising  from  prejudice  or  careless  inquiry,  to  say 
the  least,  had  come  to  be  universally  accepted, 
when  Angliviel  de  la  Beaumelle  published  (1823) 
in  the  Chefs  dCEuvre  des  Theatres  etrangers  the 
tragedy  of  Diamante  as  a  translation  of  Cot-neilMs 
Cid.  On  April  11,  1841,  an  article  by  M.  Genin, 
contributed  to  the  National  newspaper,  made  this 
fact  clearer  still;  and  finally  we  may  quote,  as  sup- 
plying the  most  decisive  evidence  in  favour  of 
Corneille's  claims  to  priority  over  Diamante,  M. 
de  Puibusque's  Histoire  comparee  des  Litteratures 
Espagnole  et  Fran(^aise,  M.  Viguier's  Anecdotes  sur 
Pierre  Corneille,  and  M.  Hippolyte  Lucas's  Docu- 
ments relatifs  a  r Histoire  du  Cid.  But,  as  M. 
Marty-Laveaux  observes  in  the  excellent  critical 
notice  with  which  he  prefaces  M.  Hachette's  edi- 
tion of  Le  Cid,  all  this  array  of  testimonies  rested 
upon  arguments  of  a  merely  literary  nature;  and 
until  chronology  was  introduced  as  an  element  in 
the  discussion,  until  positive  dates  were  quoted, 
some  amount  of  doubt  could  be  fairly  justified. 
Fortunately  the  wished-for  figures  have  at  last 
been  supplied,  and,  curious  enough,  it  is  a  Spaniard 
who  enables  us  to  correct  Voltaire.  D.  Cayetano 
Alberto  de  la  Barrera,  author  of  a  Bibliographical 
and  Biographical  Catalogue  of  the  Spanish  Stage 
from  its  Origin  to  the  Middle  of  the  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury, has  the  following  paragraph  : — 

"  Juan  Bautista  Diamante,  one  of  the  most  prolific  and 
most  celebrated  dramatic  poets  whom  Spain  has  produced 
during  the  second  half  of  the  seventeenth  century.  The 
date  of  his  birth  is  not  exactly  known,  but  it  may  with 
much  probability  be  fixed  between  1630  and  1640.    Our 

*  See  M.  Beuchot's  edit,  of  Voltaire,  vol.  xli.  pp.  490-91. 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67. 


poet  began  to  work  for  the  stage  about  1657.  It  is  pos- 
sible that  his  earliest  work  was  El  Honrador  de  su  Padre, 
which  appeared  in  the  earlier  part  of  a  collection  of 
comedies  hy  various  authors,  Madrid,  1659.  We  notice 
in  that  drama  first-rate  beauties  amidst  much  irregularity. 
Whilst  writing  it.  Diamante  had  under  his  eyes  Guillem 
de  Castro's  Mncedades  del  Cid  and  Corneille's  imitation  of 
this  last  loork ;  he  took  from  both  the  passages  which 
pleased  him  most." 

Notliing  can  be  clearer,  and  a  recent  French  critic 
has  perfectly  shown  (Pierre  Corneille  et  Jean-Bap- 
tiste  Diamante,  par  M.  Antoine  de  Latour,  in  the 
Correspondant  for  June  25,  18G1)  that  D.  Alberto 
de  la  Barrera's  statement,  founded  upon  authentic 
documents,  is  plainly  confirmed  by  a  careful  com- 
parison of  Corneille's  tragedy  and  that  of  Dia- 
mante. 

Le  Menteur. — This  amusing  comedy,  brought 
out  by  the  French  poet  in  1649,  is  another  imita- 
tion from  the  Spanish,  and  Alarcon  is  the  author 
to  whom  CorneiUe  was  indebted  for  it.  M.  Marty- 
Laveaux  gives  (CEuvres  completes  de  CorneHh,  vol. 
iv.,  pp.  242-271)  an  analysis  of  La  Verdad  Sospe- 
chosa,  with  a  number  of  illustrative  extracts,  and 
shows  that  although  in  some  parts  Corneille  has 
the  superiority,  yet  the  absurd  rules  by  which  he 
allowed  himself  to  be  fettered  deprived  him  of 
many  resources  which  were  open  to  the  fertile 
genius  of  Alarcon. 

La  Suite  du  Menteur, — Lope  de  Vega's  Amar 
sin  Saber  a  Quien  suggested  to  Corneille  the  sub- 
ject of  the  comedy  entitled  La  Suite  du  Menteur. 
Here  the  inferiorit)^  of  the  French  poet  is  still 
more  striking,  especially  in  his  character  of  Do- 
rante,  who,  to  quote  M.  Marty-Laveaux,  "  has  be- 
come a  vile  rogue,  abandoned  his  betrothed  wife, 
run  away  with  her  fortune,  caused  the  death  of 
his  father,  and,  finally,  is  represented  as  being  in 
prison  when  the  scene  opens."  Lope  de  Vega 
has,  besides,  a  kind  of  gracioso  or  servant,  called 
Limon,  who  enlivens  the  comedy  by  his  jokes  and 
his  tricks,  but  is  very  preferable  to  the  coarse 
Cliton. 

Heraclius. — This  tragedy  of  Corneille  has  sug- 
gested a  very  interesting  letter  from  M.  Viguier  to 
M.  Marty-Laveaux.  It  is  well  known  that  Cal- 
deron  had  treated  the  same  subject  as  Corneille 
in  a  drama  entitled  En  esta  Vida  Todo  es  Verdad 
y  Todo  Mentira.  The  question  was,  which  of  the 
two  poets  had  the  priority  in  point  of  time ; 
which  had  copied  or  imitated  the  other  ?  It  was 
exactly  the  same  problem  as  in  the  case  of  Dia- 
mante. Three  articles  published  in  the  Mercure  de 
France  during  the  months  of  February,  March,  and 
April,  1724,  attempted  to  solve  the  difiiculty.  The 
author  of  the  former  one  having  promised  a  dis- 
quisition on  the  subject,  and  left  it,  however, 
untouched,  a  second  critic  entered  the  lists,  and 
endeavoured  to  show  that  Corneille  was  the  pla- 
giarist. His  chief  argument  may  be  stated  as 
follows : — 


"  The  great  number  of  puerilities  with  which  the  Span- 
ish plaj-  is  full  prove  irresistibly  that  it  is  the  older  of 
the  two.  It  is  not  likely  that  Calderon  would  have  dis- 
figured as  he  has  done  so  fine  a  theme,  if  he  had  had  be- 
fore his  eyes  the  work  of  the  French  poet ;  on  the  con- 
trarj',  it  is  natural  that  CorneUle,  struck  by  the  grand 
beauties  contained  in  a  subject  so  susceptible  of  the 
pathos  which  characterises  tragedj^ — it  is  natural,  we  say, 
that  Corneille  should  have  selected  it,  cleared  it  of  the 
supernatural  element,  and  merely  retained  the  main  plot 
together  with  the  names  of  Phocas,  Heraclius,  Leona,  and 
Maurice  ;  he  then  struck  out  the  incidents  which  partake 
more  of  the  nature  of  dreams  than  of  that  of  reality,  sub- 
stituted others  instead  more  probable  in  their  character, 
and  constructed  a  fable  regular  in  most  of  its  parts,  if  not 
in  all." 

Such,  in  a  few  words,  is  the  argument  adduced 
by  the  collahorateur  of  the  Mercure  ;  but  it  will  be 
noticed  at  once  that  he  does  not  prove  in  the  least 
degree  the  chronological  priority  of  CalderoiJ. 
The  Jesuit  Tournemine  {Avertissement  des  CEuvres 
de  Corneille,  1738),  and  the  brothers  Parfait  (Histoire 
du  Theatre  Frangais)  took  the  other  side  of  the 
question,  and  the  latter  pointed  out  especially 
Corneille's  phrase  in  the  Exaineti  d' Heraclius : — 

"  Cette  trage'die  a  encore  plus  d'effort  dinvention  que 
celle  de  Rodogune,  et  je  puis  dire  que  c'est  un  heureux 
original  dont  il  s'est  fait  beaucoup  de  belles  copies  sitot 
qu'il  a  paru." 

This  is  surely  plain  enough,  and  we  wonder  that 
those  who  have  devoted  so  much  time  to  this  dis- 
pute should  not  have  thought  of  the  very  simple 
solution  proposed  by  M.  Viguier  both  in  his  Anec- 
dotes Litteraires  and  in  his  letter  to  M,  Marty- 
Laveaux.  It  is  to  the  eftect  that  Corneille,  who 
found  the  subject  of  his  tragedy  in  the  Amials  of 
Baronius,  was  indebted  exclusively  to  the  learned 
oratorian,  and  worked  independently  of  Calderon, 
just  as  Calderon  worked  independently  of  him. 

The  literary  connection  between  the  author  of 
Le  Cid  and  the  masterpieces  of  Spanish  dramatic 
literature  is  a  fact  well  deserving  the  attention  of 
critics,  and  accordingly  we  thought  it  worth  a 
nook  in  "N.  &  Q."  The  illustrative  prefaces, 
introductions,  and  notices  added  by  M.  Marty- 
Laveaux  to  his  edition  explain  this  point  very 
fully.  We  would  likewise  take  this  opportunity 
of  adverting  to  another  topic.  It  has  been  com- 
monly thought  that  the  failure  of  the  tragedy  of 
Don  Sanched Aragon,  when  first  brought  out,  was 
owing  to  a  political  cause.  ''Cromwell,"  says 
Fran9ois  de  Neufchateau,  "  tua  Don  Sanche."  M. 
Marty-Laveaux  refutes  this  supposition,  which  no 
evidence  of  any  kind  tends  to  corroborate  ;  and 
he  shows  that  if  Cardinal  Mazarin  and  Queen 
Anne  of  Austria  expressed  their  dislike  of  the 
tragedy,  it  was  because  the  character  of  Don 
Sanche  d' Aragon  reminded  them,  not  of  Cromwell, 
but  of  that  distinguished  Frondeur,  the  Prince  de 
Conde.  Gtjstave  IMasson.  • 

Harrow-on-the-Hill 


3rd  S.  XI.  April  13, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


CALIGEAPHY. 

I  picked  up  not  long  ago  a  set  of  engraved  copies 
for  schools  of  the  last  century,  with  the  title  — 

"  New  a)id  Complete  Alphabets  in  all  the  various 
hands  of  Great  Britain,  witli  the  Greek,  Hebrew,  and 
German  characters.  By  Joseph  Champion,  Writing- 
master  and  Accountant.  John  Howard,  London,  sculp- 
sit.  Printed  for  Kobt.  Saver,  at  the  Golden  Buck, 
Fleet  St." 

This  is  really  a  meritorious  and  useful  publica- 
tion, dedicated  by  Sayer  to  the  Princess  of  Wales. 
I  have  another  by  Seddon  of  an  earlier  period, 
1694,1695,  more  fantastical,  yet  very  ingenious; 
full  of  birds,  fishes,  pots  of  flowers,  and  nonde- 
scripts formed  with  flourishes  of  the  pen.  But 
Seddon,  however  great  in  his  inventive  caligraphy, 
"Seddon,  Inventor,"  was  not  strong  in  his  ortho- 
graphy, e.  g.  — 

"  Do  good  without  a  pattern  rather 
than  committ  evill  by  immitation 
for  it  is  better  to  be  sav'd  without  a 
president  than  dam'd  by  example." 

But  in  all  likelihood  the  scribe  here  only  copied 
something  in  print  before,  when  the  art  of  spelling 
English  was  in  its  infancy. 

Is  this  old  Seddon  anything  to  our  artistic 
family  of  Seddon  now-a-days  ? 

These  copy-books  belonged  to  "  Charles  Gray, 
Oakefield,  July  the  3rd,  1785,  county  of  Donegal. 
Price  lis,  4^fZ."  Mr.  Gray,  the  owner,  was  evi- 
dently troubled  with  the  impecuniosity  of  the 
scholastic  tribe  from  time  immemorial,  for  a  pain- 
ful entry  on  the  back  of  the  book  records  that, 
«  September  4th,  1797,  Pawn'd  watch  for  1^.  2s.  9c?. 
with  Mr.  Conroy,  Pawnbroaker." 

T  send  this  note  to  "N.  &  Q."  for  the  three- 
fold purpose  — 

1.  To  show  that  what  were  called  Hedge 
Schools  in  Ireland  some  century  ago  were  not 
such  despicable  things  as  their  name  would  in- 
dicate. There  was  really  an  amount  of  classical 
and  mathematical  learning  communicated  at  those 
schools,  in  an  irregular  kind  of  way,  that  would 
astonish  persons  only  acquainted  with  the  precise 
methods  and  abundant  apparatus  of  the  present 
day.  A  teacher  with  Corderius'  tjatin  Colloquies 
ofi"  by  heart,  or  with  only  a  single  copy  in  his 
possession,  would  turn  off  a  class  of  boys  that  in 
fluency  of  Latin  speech  would  confound  many 
a  modern  professor  or  fellow  of  a  university. 
While  the  books  I  now  record  attest  that  the 
same  court  hands  or  ornamental  texts  that  were 
taught  in  the  metropolis  of  Great  Britain  were 
successfully  imitated  in  the  wilds  of  Donegal — 
at  this  day  one  of  the  wildest  parts  of  the  world — 
most  remote  from  all  kinds  of  civilisation  and  cul- 
tivation. 

2.  As  to  myself  and  to  men  of  kindred  tastes 
"  N.  &  Q."  is  chiefly  valuable  as  a  bibliographical 
miscellany,  I  would  like  to  see  a  complete  list 


given  in  its  pages  of  works  on  caligraphy  pub- 
lished in  England.  The  list  cannot  be  a  long  one, 
and  it  would  interest  wi-iting-masters  at  least  (of 
which  I  need  not  say  I  am  not  one),  and  myself 
and  other  bibliographers  on  other  grounds. 

o.  I  wish  to  subjoin,  if  not  known  to  exist  in 
print,  two  acrostic  alphabets  in  the  handwriting 
of  Charles  Gray,  the  schoolmaster,  that  they  may 
be  preserved  in  "  N.  &  Q,"  They  are  written,  in 
a  good  current  hand,  on  the  last  page  of  Cham- 
pion's book,  and  may  possibly  be  original.  More 
probably  they  are  drawn  from  some  printed  source. 

0.  T.  D, 

Acrostic  Verses  on  Writing. 
"  A  11  letters  even  at  the  head  and  feet  must  stand  ; 
B  ear  light  your  pen,  and  keep  a  steady  hand  ; 
C  arefully  mind  to  mend  in  every  line ; 
D  own  strokes  are  black,  but  upper  strokes  are  fine ; 
E  nlarge  your  writing  if  it  be  too  small; 
F  ull  in  proportion  make  your  letters  all ; 
G  ame  not  in  school  time,  when  you  ought  to  write ; 
H  old  in  your  elbow,  sit  fair  to  the  light. 
J  oin  all  your  letters  bj'  a  fine  hair  stroke  ; 
K  eep  free  from  blots  your  piece  and  writing  book ; 
L  earn  the  command  of  hand  hj  frequent  use  ; 
M  uch  practice  doth  to  penmanship  conduce  ; 
N  ever  deny  the  lower  boj-s  assistance  ; 
O  bserve  from  word  to  word  an  equal  distance ; 
P  rovide  yourself  of  all  things  necessary ; 
Q  uarrel  not  in  the  School  though  others  dare  you  ; 
R  ule  your  lines  straight  and  make  them  very  fine  ; 
S  et  stems  of  letters  fair  above  the  line  ; 
T  he  tops  above  the  stems,  the  tails  below  ; 
U  se  pounce  to  paper  if  the  ink  goes  through. 

V  eer  well   your  piece,  compare  how   much  you've 

mended ; 
W  ipe  clean  your  pen  when  all  your  task  is  ended ; 

Y  our  spelling  mind  ;  write  each  word  true  and  well ; 
Z  ealously  strive  your  fellows  to  excel." 

Alphabet  of  Two-Line  Pieces. 
"  As  3'ou  expect  that  men  should  deal  b}-  you. 
So  deal  by  them,  and  give  each  man  his  due. 
Better  it  is  to  gain  great  reputation. 
Than  heap  iip  wealth  with  trouble  and  vexation. 
Constraint  in  all  things  makes  the  pleasure  less. 
Sweet  is  the  love  which  comes  with  willingness, 
I»espair  of  nothing  which  you  would  attain, 
Unwearied  diligence  j-our  point  will  gain. 
Experience  best  is  gained  without  much  cost ; 
Read  men  and  books,  then  practise  what  tliou  know'st. 
I'ortune  may  sometimes  prove  true  Virtue's  foe, 
But  cannot  work  her  utter  overthrow. 
Crreatness  in  virtue 's  only  understood ; 
None  's  truly  great  that  is  not  truly  good. 
Honour  's  a  god  that  none  but  fools  adore  ; 
The  wise  have  nobler  happiness  in  store. 
If  all  mankind  would  live  in  mutual  love. 
This  world  would  much  resemble  that  above. 
Kingdoms,  like  private  persons,  have  their  fate. 
Sometimes  in  high,  sometimes  in  low  estate. 
liCt  each  man  follow  close  his  proper  trade, 
Aiid  all  things  then  will  soon  be  better  made, 
aien's  fancies  vary  strangely,  like  their  faces ; 
What  one  commends,  another  man  disgraces. 
Wumber  itself  is  at  a  loss  to  guess 
Th'  endurance  of  our  future  happiness, 
©h  !  that  the  sons  of  men  would  once  be  wise, 
And  learn  eternal  happiness  to  prize ! 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Apkil  13,  '67. 


rrav  thou  to  God,  that  he  may  be  inclined 
To  grant  thee  health  of  body  and  of  mind. 
Quarrelsome  brawling,  gaming,  fuddling  shun  ; 
Thrice  happy  they  who  ne'er  such  courses  run. 
Memember  time  will  come  when  we  roust  give 
Account  to  God  how  we  on  earth  do  live, 
gome  men  get  riches,  yet' are  alwaj's  poor< 
Some  get  no  riches,  yet  have  all  things  in  store. 
They  that  are  proud  and  other  men  disdain, 
Do  often  meet  with  hate  and  scorn  again. 
"Virtue  is  praised,  but  little  practis'd  by  us ; 
So  loose  the  age  that  few  are  truly  pious. 
fVhat's  human  life  ? — a  day,  a  race,  a  span, 
A  point,  a  bubble,  froth,  so  vain  is  man. 
Xenophilus  did  well  in  health  abide 
One  hundred  and  seven  years,  and  then  he  died. 
"JToung  men  take  pains,  be  brisk,  and  I'll  engage. 
Your  youthful  pains  will  pleasure  yield  in  age. 
Zaleucus  made  his  laws  so  strict  that  those 
Who  acted  whoredom  both  their  eyes  should  lose." 


Caucus.  —  This  cant  term  is  applied  to  all 
party-meetings  held  in  secret  in  the  United  States. 
It  is  a  corruption  of  the  word  caulkers ;  the  dis- 
guised patriots  of  Massachussetts,  in  1776,  having 
been  so  called,  because  they  met  in  the  ship-yards. 
The  editor  of  The  Times  has  twice,  in  the  course 
of  the  present  week,  applied  the  phrase  in  ques- 
tion to  the  political  meeting  lately  held  at  the 
private  residence  of  Mr.  Gladstone ;  which  I  con- 
ceive to  be  a  singular  perversion  of  its  use  and 
meaning.  The  gathering  at  Carlton  House  Ter- 
race was  neither  a  cabal,  a  junto,  nor  a  secret 
conclave  ;  on  the  contrary,  the  reporters  of  several 
newspapers,  without  regard,  I  believe,  to  their 
political  aims,  were  admitted ;  and  the  whole 
proceedings  were  as  freely  made  known  to  the 
outside  public  as  the  debates  in  Parliament. 
Caucus  is  by  no  means  a  pretty,  much  less  a  de- 
sirable word,  to  be  added  to  our  national  vocabu- 
lary ;  but,  if  it  be  adopted  at  all,  let  us  at  least 
make  a  riffht  use  of  it.*  Y/.  W,  W. 

Notes  in  Books.— At  Sir  Charles  Rugge  Price's 
sale  on  February  20,  1867,  lot  2371  consisted  of 
the  following  pamphlets  bound  in  one  volume :  — 

1-  "A  Letter  to  the  Eight  Eev.  Samuel  [Horslev], 
Lord  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  on  the  Charge  he  lately  de- 
livered to  the  Clergy  of  his  Diocese.  By  a  Welsh  Free- 
^  w-'„-^°°'^-^'^"-  *^o-  [Note  in  the  handwriting 
of"  William  Owen  (Temple),"  whose  autograph  is  on  all 
the  pamphlets ;  «  said  to  be  by  David  +  Jones,  since  Bar- 
nster-at-Law." 

2.  "The  Welsh  Freeholder's  Vindication  of  his  Letter 
to  the,  &c,,  in  Reply  to  a  Letter  from  a  Clergvman  TNote 
as  above,  "  said  to  be  the  Eev.  Dr.  (Charles  ?)  Svm- 
mons]  of  that  Diocese."    Lond.  1791.    8vo. 

3.  "Thoughts  upon  the  Present  Condition  of  the  Stage, 
and  upon  the  Construction  of  a  New  Theatre"  [Note  as 
before,  "  by  the  Earl  of  Carlisle."]     Lond.  1808.     8vo. 

[*  A  note  respecting  the  origin  of  this  cant  word  is 
given  in  our  1"  S.  si.  28.— En.] 
t  There  is  no  "  David  "  in  the  Law  Lists. 


4.  "A  Letter  to  the  Right  HonWe  Sir  John  Sinclair.  Bart, 
(author  of  the  History  of  the  Revenue  and  other  Fugitive 
Pieces)  on  the  subject  o'f  his  remarks  on  Mr.  Huskisson's 
Pamphlet.  By  a  Country  Gentleman."  [i.  e.  William 
Kingsman,  Esq.,  Petworth].    Lond.  1811.     8vo.    Is.  6d. 

Ralph  Thomas. 

Anecdote  op  David  Htime.  —  I  do  not  know 
whether  the  following  anecdote  has  appeared  in 
any  quarter  likely  to  give  it  publicity,  and  send  it 
on'  the  possibility  of  your  considering  it  worth 
insertion. 

It  is  copied  from  the  Memoirs  of  James  Earl  of 
Charlemont  (ed.  1810,  p.  10),  and  concludes  a  very 
curious  portrait,  corporeally  and  mentally,  of  David 
Hume  by  the  earl,  who  met  him  at  Turin  in  the 
year  1746 :  — 

"He  once  professed  himself  the  admirer  of  a  young, 
most  beautiful,  and  accomplished  lad)'  at  Turin,  who  only 
laughed  at  his  passion.  One  Aaj  he  addressed  her  in 
the  usual  commonplace  strain,  that  he  was  ahime,  aneanti. 
'  Oh !  pour  ane'anti,'  replied  the  lady,  '  ce  n'est  en  effet 
qu'une  operation  trfes-naturelle  de  votre  systeme.' " 

Francis  Trench. 

Islip  Rectory. 

Collections  in  Parish  oe  Wolsingham  : 
Bodles. — 

1680.  "  Collected  in  our  church  in  Wolsingham,  the 
2<i  day  of  January  towards  the  relefe  of  those  that  had 
losse  by  fire  in  y  coimty  of  Norfolke,  y^  loss  94/.  4s.  3d., 
gather'd  five  shiling,  eight  pence,  one  farthing,  two 
boddles." 

September  24th,  1682.  "  Collected  in  y«  parish  church 
of  Wolsingham,  in  y«  county  of  Durham,  upon  a  briefe 
from  Launbly  church,  in  y«  county  of  Northumberland, 
y«  sum  of  six  shillings,  sixpence,  Jive  boddls,  and  one 
farthing." 

December  6,  1683.  "  Collected  there  upon  a  brefe  for  a 
fire  in  Preston,  in  y<=  county  of  Radnor,  in  y*  dominion  of 
Wales,  four  shillings,  two  pence,  &  a  bad  grot." 

The  above  extracts,  taken  at  random  from  en- 
tries in  the  parish  register  book  of  Wolsingham, 
in  the  county  of  Durham,  are  amusing  specimens. 
Bodies  must  have  been  in  common  circulation  at 
this  period.  Wolsingham  was  the  parish  in 
which  the  elder  Craggs  was  born,  not  Washing- 
ton, as  is  stated  in  Noble's  continuation  of 
Granger.  Guy  Carleton,  Bishop  of  Bristol,  was 
sometime  rector;  and  his  signature  occurs 
once  or  twice  in  the  register,  when  he  attended 
the  parish  meetings.  There  is  in  the  possession 
of  a  descendant,  now  living  at  Wolsingham,  an 
interesting  portrait  of  that  prelate  by  Sir  Peter 
Lely.  E.  H.  A. 

"It  ends  with  a  Whew,  like  Cawthorne 
Feast." — Thirty  years  ago  this  expression  was 
current  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Barnsley,  about 
four  miles  from  which  the  village  of  Cawthorne 
is  situated.  The  explanation  given  of  it  was  the 
following  :  —  It  was  said  that  it  used  to  be  the 
practice  on  the  last  day  of  the  feast,  which  ex- 
tended to  four  days,  for  the  parish  authorities  to 


3"»  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


perambulate  the  village  with  a  lanthom;  and 
when  they  had  completed  their  round,  to  blow 
out  the  candle  (with  a  "whew"),  and  proclaim 
the  feast  at  an  end,  C,  H. 

Leeds. 

National  Music.  —  The  national  music  of  all 
countries,  so  far  as  my  own  experience  goes  — 
and  it  has  not  been  inconsiderable — inclines  me 
to  believe  that  National  Music,  so  called,  does  not 
in  truth  become  music  until  it  has  been  touched 
and  remodelled  by  the  peculiar  genius  of  the 
Jewish  race,  which  there  is  good  reason  for  be- 
lieving has  been  endowed  exceptionally  with  this 
noble  gift,  as  the  genealogies  of  all  great  com- 
posers would,  no  doubt,  if  fully  investigated  confirm. 

In  tlie  wilder  parts  of  Scotland  and  in  Northern 
China,*  we  hear  the  same  rude  germs  of  an  air 
like  "  Roy's  Wife,"  &c.  In  India,  the  "  perpetual 
grind  "  of  (I  spell  phonetically)  "  Illy  milly  pu- 
neah  "  t  would  be  scarcely  recognisable  as  the 
original  of  a  once  popular  English  song.  In  Ire- 
land the  same  is  observable,  to  say  nothing  of  Eng- 
land, France,  Spain,  Africa  (Southern,  Northern, 
and  Western),  and  America.  Sp. 

A  Stjggestion  I  wish  to  make,  is,  that  when 
any  note  occurs  in  the  periodical  press  upon  any 
stqyerchefies  litter  aires,  that  such  of  your  readers  in 
the  British  dominions  as  happen  to  see  it  do  for- 
ward the  same  to  you :  not  perhaps  fully  when 
too  long,  but  just  shortly,  so  that  it  may  be  in- 
dexed and  at  hand  when  it  is  required  to  be 
referred  to.  I  do  not  make  it  part  of  my  sug- 
gestion that  your  columns  should  be  open  to  such 
literary  waifs,  as  I  am  sure  they  always  have 
been.  This  has  occurred  to  me  in  consequence  of 
some  .mpercheries  devoilees  in  the  Pall  Mall  Ga- 
zette of  March  6  instant,  relative  to  novels  of 
Ladi/  Adelaide's  Oath  and  The  Love  that  Kills.  I 
do  not  of  course  in  the  least  comment  upon  the 
fact  of  whether  the  authors  are  right  or  wrong, 
but  simply  look  upon  it  as  a  piece  of  bibliogra- 
phical information.  The  future  Querard  of  this 
country,  if  indeed  England  is  ever  to  possess  so 
great,  so  self-denying,  so  unappreciated  a  biblio- 
grapher, would  receive  a  great  aid,  and  be  saved 
an  immense  labour  by  this  suggestion  being  com- 
plied with.  Ralph  Thomas. 


<k\xetlti. 


THE  MSS.  OF  THOMAS  DIXELEY. 
In  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  there  lived  Thomas 
Dineley,  gentleman,  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Gray's  Inn.     He  was  a  devoted  disciple  of  John 


*  Is  it  quite  certain  that  the  Mongol  and  the  Celt  are 
so  distinct. 

t  Or,  as  rather  comically  spelt  in  a  certain  edition  of 
Byron,  "  Allah  mallah  Punkah  !  " 


Weever,  and  spent  much  time  and  labour  in 
making  drawings  of  sepulchral  monuments,  and 
copying  their  inscriptions.  These  he  preserved  in 
MS.  volumes,  several  of  which  have  recently  at- 
tracted the  notice  of  antiquaries.  Four  of  them 
(two  bound  together)  are  in  the  possession  of  Sir 
Thomas  E.  Winnington,  Bart.     These  are  — 

1.  "  The  Journall  of  my  Travails  through  the 
Low  Countreys,  Anno  D'ni  1674.  Thomas 
Dingley." 

2.  ''  Observations  in  a  Voyage  in  the  Kingdom 
of  France  ;  being  a  Collection  of  severall  Monu- 
ments, Inscriptions,  Draughts  of  Towns,  Castles," 
&c.     434  pages. 

3.  "  Observations  in  a  Voyage  through  the  King- 
dom of  Ireland.  Being  a  Collection  of  severall 
Monuments,  Inscriptions,  Draughts  of  Towns, 
Castles,"  &c.     328  pages. 

The  last  has  for  some  years  been  in  the 
course  of  publication  in  the  pages  of  the  Kilkenny 
Archcsological  Journal,  edited  by  Evelyn  Philip 
Shirley,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  who  has  been  assisted  by 
some  of  the  most  able  Irish  antiquaries. 

The  third  volume  by  Dineley,  in  the  hands  of 
Sir  Thomas  Winnington,  relates  to  England,  and 
is  entitled  — 

4.  "  History  from  Marble.  Being  Ancient  and 
Moderne  Funerall  Monuments  in  England  and 
Wales.     By  T.  D.,  Gent." 

This  curious  book  has  been  placed  in  the  hands 
of  the  Camden  Society,  which  has  undertaken  to 
reproduce  it  in  facsimile,  by  means  of  the  new 
process  of  printing  through  the  intervention  of 
photography.  I  have  promised,  at  the  request 
of  the  Council  of  the  Society,  to  prepare  some 
account  of  Dineley  and  his  labours  which  may 
accompany  the  publication ;  and  I  shall  feel  much 
obliged  by  any  assistance  or  suggestions  that  may 
be  afforded  by  the  readers  of  ''  N.  &  Q." 

The  observations  of  the  same  nature  which 
Dineley  made  when  he  accompanied  the  Duke  of 
Beaufort  in  his  progress  through  Wales  (where 
his  Grace  was  Lord  President)  in  the  year  1684, 
are  contained  in  — 

5.  "  Notitia  Cambro-Britannica.  A  Voyage  of 
North  and  South  Wales." 

The  more  important  portions  of  this  volume, 
which  remains  in  the  possession  of  the  present 
Duke  of  Beaufort,  have  been  printed,  at  the  ex- 
pense of  his  Grace,  in  4to,  1864,  edited  by  Charles 
Baker,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

I  have  caught  only  a  passing  trace  of  a  sixth 
book  by  Dineley.  It  is  thus  described  in  the  Ca- 
talogue of  Messrs.  Lincoln,  booksellers,  August, 
1864 :  — 

6.  "Curious  Old  Volume  of  Miscellaneous  Subjects 
in  Manuscript,  comprising  Old  Epitaphs,  Poems,  and 
commonplace  mems.  including  curious  pen-and-ink  draw- 
ings, appear  to  have  been  conjointly  written  by  Theo- 
philus  Alye  and  Thomas  Dineley,  between  1640  and  1680, 
8vo,  bound." 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67. 


The  purchjiser  of  this  book,  whoever  he  may- 
have  been  (for  I  have  hitherto  been  unable  to 
learn),  would,  by  allowing  nie  to  examine  it, 
confer  a  favour  which  shall  be  thankfully  acknow- 
led"-ed,  and  possibly  promote  the  public  benefit 
by  enabling  me  to  pursue  more  successfully  the 
inquiries  I  am  making  into  the  personal  history 
of  this  industrious  but  neglected  antiquary. 

I  have  not  as  yet  heard  that  any  of  Dineley's 
MSS.  have  foimd  their  way  to  a  public  library. 
John  Gotjgh  Nichols. 


Anglo-Indian  Literature. — 1.  Poems  hy  Ttvo 
Friends,  "Pug"  and  "Alpha,"  18G4,  Madras, 
pp.  122.  2.  Squibs,  ^~c.,  prose  and  rhyme ;  a  col- 
lection, containing  contributions  principally  to 
the  Madras  Athenmim :  by  the  Hon.  Secretary  of 
the  Opium  Club,  1862,  Madras,  royal  Svo,  pp.  240. 
Do  either  of  these  literary  miscellanies  contain 
anything  written  in  a  dramatic  form ;  and  if  so, 
who  are  the  authors  ?  R.  I. 

George,  Earl  of  Attckland.— An  engraved 
portrait  was  published  some  years  ago  (I  think 
before  1851)  of  the  Earl  of  Auckland,  Governor- 
General,  in  a  work  on  India.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  kindly  give  me  the  name  of  the  book, 
and  that  of  the  publisher  ?  Also,  are  there  pub- 
lished— and,  if  so,  where — portraits  of  the  first 
Lord  Henley,  the  diplomatist,  and  the  second 
Lord  Henley  ?  Eden. 

Bible  and  Key  Superstition.  — 

"  At  Southampton  on  Monday  a  boy,  working  on  board 
a  collier,  was  charged  with  theft :  the  only  evidence 
against  him  being  such  as  was  aflForded  by  the  ancient 
ordeal  of  Bible  and  key.  The  mate  and  some  others 
swung  a  Bible  attached  to  a  key  with  a  piece  of  yarn, 
the  key  being  placed  on  the  first  chapter  of  Ruth.  While 
the  Bible  was  turning  several  suspected  names  were  re- 
peated, and,  on  the  mention  of  the  prisoner's  name,  the 
book  fell  to  the  floor.  The  Bench,  of  course,  discharged 
the  prisoner." 

The  above  extract,  from  the  Pall  Mall  Gazette, 
is  a  very  curious  piece  of  superstition.  I  cannot 
discover  from  the  first  chapter  of  Ruth  any  reason 
why  that  particular  part  of  the  Bible  should  be 
chosen  for  the  "  ancient  ordeal."  Perhaps  some 
of  your  readers  may  explain  the  mystery. 

Edward  C.  Davies. 

Cavendish  Club. 

Catchem's  End  :  Colinson. — 1.  A  hamlet  near 
Bewdley,  in  Worcestershire,  is  called  "  Catchem's 
End."  Bewdley  was  formerly  a  "  city  of  refuge," 
and  the  name  above  mentioned  is  popularly  sup- 
posed to  indicate  the  last  place  where  the  pur- 
suers could  take  the  flying  delinquents.  Can  any 
of  your  readers  inform  me  whether  there  are  other 
places  in  England  of  the  same  name,  and  if  so, 
whether  in  a  similar  situation  ? 


2.  What  is  the  receipt  for  making,  and  explan- 
ation of  the  name  of,  a  summer  beverage  called 
Colinson  f  J.  S. 

Birmingham. 

Cesar's  Horse.  —  In  the  Lives  of  the  First 
Tivelve  Ccesars,  by  A.  Thompson  (p.  40,  art.  Ixi.), 
Julius  Caesar  is  said  to  have  rode  — 

"  a  verj'  remarkable  horse,  with  feet  almost  like  those  of 
a  man ;  his  hoofs  being  divided  in  such  a  manner,  as  to 
have  some  resemblance  to  toes.  This  horse  he  had  bred 
himself,  and  took  particular  care  of,  because  the  sooth- 
sayers interpreted  those  circumstances  into  an  omen — 
that  the  possessor  of  him  would  be  master  of  the  world. 
He  backed  him  too  himself,  for  the  horse  would  suffer  no 
other  rider  ;  and  he  afterwards  erected  a  statue  of  him 
before  the  temple  of  Venus  Genitrix." 

Now  it  is  well  known  to  all  anatomists  that 
the  whole  order  of  vertebrates  are  founded  on 
a  particular  type ;  and  that  the  limbs,  from  the 
earliest  fossil  fish  throughout  the  whole  verte- 
brate class,  are  modifications  only  of  the  first 
preconceived  plan;  and  that  our  five  digits  are 
only  the  enlarged  and  modified  five  metacarpal 
bones,  found  at  the  base  of  the  fin  rays  of  fishes. 
The  horse,  with  the  rest  of  the  vertebrates,  has 
the  same  number,  only  that  they  are  shut  up  in 
the  semicircular  box  which  we  call  a  hoof. 

It  would  appear  from  the  passage  I  have  quoted 
above,  that  Julius  Caesar's  horse  had  no  hoofs; 
but  that  the  phalanges  of  the  foot  had  grown  out, 
something  like  our  hands.  As  I  never  heard  of  a 
similar  instance,  perhaps  some  of  the  readers  of 
"N.  &  Q."  may  have  done  so,  if  they  will  kindly 
refer  me  to  where  I  may  find  it. 

Edward  Parfitt. 

John  Cozens,  the  Water-colour  Painter. — 
When  and  where  did  this  distinguished  artist  die  ? 
Bryant  says  that  his  death  took  place  in  1799; 
but  there  is  good  reason  for  believing  that  he  was 
alive  after  that  date?  P. 

Dr.  Richard  Dongavorth.  —  I  am  anxious  to 
obtain  some  information  respecting  Dr.  Richard 
Dongworth,  who  was,  about  the  year  1730,  Rector 
of  Clonleigh,  in  the  diocese  of  Derry.  He  is 
referred  to  in  Primate  Boulter's  published  letters, 
under  the  years  1726  and  1729,  as  a  candidate  for 
preferment  to  the  higher  dignities  of  the  Irish 
Church ;  which  however  he  did  not,  as  far  as  I 
can  learn,  obtain.  A  Richard  Dongworth  (and  I 
think  the  same  person)  is  mentioned  in  the 
Catalogue  of  the  Bodleian  Library  as  author  of 
an  Assize  Sermon,  preached  in  the  year  1708, 
He  was  Vicar  of  Long  Owersby  in  Lincolnshire, 
to  which  parish  he  was  inducted  (as  I  learn  from 
the  present  vicar)  in  1698.  He  was  then  a  Master 
of  Arts ;  though,  strange  to  say,  there  is  no  re- 
cord of  his  graduation  at  either  Cambridge  or 
Oxford.  Another  Richard  Dongworth,  possibly 
a  son  of  the  former,  is  mentioned  in  the  Athencs 


S"-"!  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


295 


Cantab,  as  having  graduated  A.B.  in  1726,  and 
A.M.  in  1730.  He  was  also  author  of  a  Prize 
Poem  in  1727.  Many  of  these  particulars  1  have 
learned  from  Mr.  J.  W.  Cooper,  LL.B.,  Trinity 
HrU,  Cambridge,  to  whose  kindness  I  am  much 
indebted.  If  any  of  your  correspondents  can  give 
me  farther  information  respecting  Richard  Doug- 
worth  No.  1,  I  shall  be  extremely  obliged  by 
their  doing  so.  There  is  some  reference  to  the 
name  in  Surtees's  Burliam ;  and  Mr.  Cooper  tells 
me  that  the  death  qf  a  Mr.  Dongworth,  Incum- 
bent of  Billingham,  is  mentioned  in  the  Gentle- 
tleman's  Macjazine  for  1761.  I  have  always  had 
an  idea  that  Dr.  Dongworth  was  a  protege  of 
Bishop  Nicholson,  who  was  translated  from  Car- 
lisle to  Derry  in  1718 ;  and  if  the  Dongworths 
are  a  North-country  family,  it  would  make  this 
supposition  the  more  likely.  Bishop  Nicholson 
was  on  intimate  terms  with  Primate  Boulter,  and 
was  probably  the  person  who  introduced  Dr. 
Dongworth  to  the  notice  of  the  latter.  The 
bishop  was  himself  advanced  to  the  Archbishop- 
rick  of  Cashel  in  1726,  but  died  suddenly  before 
leaving  Derry.  Thus,  if  my  supposition  be  cor- 
rect. Dr.  Dongworth  lost  his  friend  and  patron, 
and  applied  directly  to  Primate  Boulter  for  his 
interest  in  his  behalf.  I  believe  he  ceased  to  be 
Rector  of  Clonleigh  in  1738 ;  but  I  cannot  ascer- 
tain whether  the  living  was  avoided  by  his  death 
or  his  preferment. 

William  Edwards,  Rector  of  Clonleigh. 
Liflford,  Ireland. 

HEEifE  Family.  —  Nicholas,  son  of  Richard 
Heme,  alderman  of  London,  had  two  sons,  Basil 
and  Sir  Nicholas,  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  vide 
Burke's  Landed  Gentry,  1862,  p.  688.  Where  can 
I  find  a  further  account  of  his  issue,  or  a  complete 
pedigree  of  this  family  .P 

Geoege  W.  Marshall. 

Dr.  HoEjrsBT,  astronomer,  of  about  the  begin- 
ning of  this  century.  In  what  year  did  he  die, 
and  is  there  any  biographical  notice  of  him  to  be 
found  ?*  Are  there  any  of  his  descendants  living? 

Penge.  E.  S. 

JoiTRNAL  temp.  Charles  I. — 'Among  the  late 
Mr.  Hunter's  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum  (Add. 
MS.  25,465)  is  a  modern  transcript  of  a  journal 
kept  by  some  one  during  the  years  1643 — 1646. 
Where  is  the  original  ?  The  present  is  only  an 
abridged  copy.  Corxub, 

Macaronic  Character  of  Pitt.  —  Where  can 
I  find  a  macaronic  character  of  Pitt,  which  be- 
gan— 

"  War  carry-on-issimus 
Pretty  girl  indifferentissimus  "  ? 

D. 

[*  Dr.  Homsby  died  on  April  11,  1810.  See  Gorton's 
3xog.  Dictionary.'] 


"Noreepod."— In  a  list  of  books  at  the  end  of 
Cotton's  Vtrffil  Travesty  (edit.  1767),  is  "  Norre- 
2)od,  or  the  Eiiraged  Physician,  a  Farce  in  two 
Acts."  It  is  not  mentioned  in  the  Hiographia 
Dramatica,  and  I  can  find  no  account  of  it.  Foote's 
Devil  on  Two  Sticks  was  first  acted  in  1768.  I 
think  Norrepod  may  have  some  relation  to  the 
disputes  between  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
the  Licentiates,  into  which  I  am  inquiring,  and  I 
shall  be  obliged  by  any  information  about  the 
farce.  V.  H. 

"  0,  Physics,  beavaee  of  Metaphysics  !  "  — 
In  Comte's  Positive  Philosophy  (Miss  Martineau's 
translation,  vol.  i.  p.  266)_,  it  is  said  that  this  was 
a  "favourite  saying"  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  What 
authority  is  there  for  this  assertion  ?       Zetetes. 

Organ.  —  In  Fosbroke's  Encyclopcedia  of  An- 
tiquities, vol  i.  p.  123,  it  is  stated  that  there  was 
an  ancient  organ  in  Uley  Church,  Gloucestershire. 
I  wish  to  know  if  it  is  now  in  that  church,  and 
what  is  its  date  .^  Jno.  Piggot,  Jun. 

Printing  Medal. — Can  any  one  give  an  account 
of  the  following  medal  ?  —  Ohv.  Head  of  Alex. 
Hertzen.  Rev.  A  bell,  upon  which  are  the  words 
"Vivos  voco,"  with  the  legend  "First  decennium 
of  the  free  Russian  press  in  London,  1853-1863." 
William  Blades, 

11,  Abchurch  Lane. 

Quotation. — In  that  admirable  book.  Lectures 
on  the  British  Poets,  by  the  late  Henry  Reed,  the 
following  passage  occurs  (page  9,  ed.  1859)  :  — 

"  Criticism  has  no  more  precious  office  than  to  give  its 
aid  that  men  may  learn  more  u-orthily  to  understand  and 
appreciate  what  n  glorious  gift  God  bestows  on  a  nation 
when  he  gives  them  a  poet." 

The  words  in  italics  are  in  inverted  commas, 
and  are  therefore,  I  presume,  a  quotation.  I  should 
be  glad  if  any  correspondent  could  inform  me  who 
is  the  author  of  this  truly  noble  sentiment. 

Jonathan  Bouchier. 

Reader  of  the  Refectory.  —  Mr.  Owen  B. 
Carter,  Architect,  in  a  paper  on  Beaulieu  Abbey 
(in  Weale's  Quarterly  Architectural  Papers,  vol. 
ii.),  when  describing  the  unique  stone  pulpit  in 
the  refectory  says  :  — 

"  The  following  quotation  may  serve  to  explain  the 
use  to  which  this  rostrum  was  formerly  applied :  '  Let 
the  reader  of  the  refectory,  after  praj-ers,  carry  the  proper 
books  into  that  apartment.  Let  him  stand  before  the 
hook  with  his  face  turned  toward  the  east.  When  the 
brethren  bow  at  the  Gloria  Patri  and  the  Lord's  Prayer, 
let  the  reader  also  incline  himself,  turning  his  face  toward 
the  assembh'.' " 

I  wish  to  know  the  work  from  whence  the 
above  quotation  was  taken, 

Chas.  Piggot,  Jun, 

Stranger  derived  from  "  E." — In  1792,  Dr. 
Peter  Wilson,  Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'dS.XI.  April  13, '67. 


Columbia  College,  New  York,  resigned  his  chair, 
and  was  appointed  principal  of  Erasmus^  Hall 
Academy,  Flatbush,  whither  (says  Duci,  in  his 
Neio  York  as  it  was  during  the  later  part  of  the 
Last  Century,  p.  41)  — 

•'  most  of  us  followed  him.  If  I  learnt  anything  else 
there  than  what  I  brought  of  the  classics  from  Winches- 
ter, it  was  the  derivation  of  the  English  noun  '  stranger,' 
from  the  Latin  preposition  E.  '  Thus,  young  gentlemen,' 
the  Doctor  would  say,  '  E— ex— extra — extraneus  :  Gal- 
lice,  etranger  ;  Anglice,  stranger.'  " 

Seventeen  years  after  this,  in  1809,  was  pub- 
lished Anonymiana,  by  the  antiquary  Samuel 
Pegge.  In  it  I  find  precisely  the  same  ety- 
mology :  — 

"  The  word  stranger  comes  from  e  by  these  steps  :  e,  ex, 
extra,  extraneus;  estraniere  of  the  French,  estranger  and 
stranger  of  the  English." — 2nd  ed.  p.  38. 

The  inference  from  these  extracts  is,  that  both 
Pegge  and  Wilson  obtained  this  precious  bit  of 
etymology  from  some  common  source.  "With 
whom  did  it  originate?  I  should  add,  that 
Anonymiana  was  written  before  1766,  though  not 
pubUshed  tUl  1809.  S.  W.  P. 

New  York. 

SwoKD  Qtjeey.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents give  me  some  information  about  a  sword 
which  came  into  my  possession  some  years  ago, 
having  been  purchased  at  a  sale  ?  It  very  much 
resembles  the  regulation  claymore  worn  by  High- 
land regiments,  but  the  blade  is  longer,  narrower, 
and  lighter.  The  basket  hilt  is  smaller  and 
heavier  than  a  claymore,  and  the  grip  is  of  ebony. 
There  is  a  deep  flute  on  both  sides  about  three 
inches  long,  and  on  each  side  is  the  word 
"  SAHAGVM,"  in  very  rude  characters.  At  the 
end  of  the  word  there  is  a  figure,  nearly  obliter- 
ated, but  which  preserves  some  resemblance  to 
either  a  serpent  or  grampus.  The  blade  is  most 
beautifully  tempered,  and  can  be  bent  like  a  cane. 

Cazadore. 

"Teagtje"  an  Irish  Name.  —  What  is  the 
meaning  of  the  name  Teague,  formerly  the  jocular 
and  familiar  nickname  for  an  Irishman,  just  as 
Pat  or  Paddy  is  now  ?  Why  was  it  formerly  in 
constant  use,  whereas  now  it  is  never  met  with,  at 
least  in  England,  either  in  print  or  conversation  ? 
All  through  the  eighteenth  century  "  honest 
Teague  "  does  duty  as  a  stock  character  in  plays, 
in  jest-books,  in  comic  writings  of  every  kind;  yet 
so  utterly  has  he  been  superseded  by  Pat,  that  I 
never  remember  to  have  heard  the  word  Teague 
uttered  by  any  one.  Will  some  Irish  reader  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  kindly  explain  to  me  the  meaning  of 
the  word,  and  inform  me  whether  it  is  still  in 
familiar  use  in  Ireland  ?  Jatdeb. 

William  de  Langland  :  Stacy  de  Rokatle. 
In  Warton's  English  Poetry  (vol.  ii.  p.  62)  is  a 
note  by  Sir  F.  Madden  :  — 


"  On  the  fly-leaf  of  a  copy  of  the  poem  \^Piers  Plow- 
manl,  preserved  in  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  of  the 
fifteenth  centurj--,  appears  this  curious  and  valuable 
note  :  — '  Memorandum,  quod  Stacy  de  Rokayle,  pater 
Willielmi  de  Langlond,  qui  Stacius  fuit  generosus,  et 
morabatur  in  Schiptone  under  Whicwode,  tenens  Dni. 
Le  Spenser  in  comitatu  Oxon.  qui  predictus  Willielmus 
fecit  librum  qui  vocatur  Perys  Ploughman.'  " 

This  note  was  reprinted  by  INIr.  Wright  in 
1832 ;  and  both  Mr.  Wright  and  Sir  F.  Madden 
say  that  it  will  no  doubt  be  easy  to  trace  the 
matter  further — but  that  has  never  been  done. 
Can  any  reader  of  "N.  &  Q."  help  in  discovering 
the  real  name  of  (I  say  it  advisedly)  one  of  the 
greatest  and  most  original  of  all  our  English 
poets,  whose  misfortune  it  has  been  to  have  been 
little  read,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  the  language 
in  which  he  wrote;  which  difficulty,  moreover, 
has  been  much  exaggerated.  Where  is  Schip- 
tone under  Whicwode  ?  In  Oxfordshire,  or  in 
Shropshire  ?  Shipton  Hall  lies  between  Ludlow 
and  Bridgenorth.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

The  Winton  Domesday.  —  How  is  it  that  so 
many  surnames  are  recorded  in  the  Winton  Domes- 
day, when  the  received  opinion  is  that  they  were 
hardly  known  in  England  till  the  twelfth  century? 

S. 

WORTHINGTON    FAMILY:     "  CeRTAMEN    WoR- 

thingtoniorttm." — I  should  feel  obliged  by  in- 
formation as  to  this  work,  of  which  I  only  know 
the  title.  Does  it  relate,  as  I  am  inclined  to 
imagine,  to  the  Worthingtons  of  Blenscow,  Lan- 
cashire? When  and  where  was  it  published? 
Who  was  its  author?  And  of  what  period  of 
time,  and  what  events  and  persons,  does  it  treat  ? 
JoHK  W.  Bone. 
42,  Bedford  Square. 


Rev.  John  Hill. — I  have  been  reading  lately 
a  volume  of  sermons  "by  the  late  Rev.  John 
Hill,  Minister  of  the  Gospel  in  London."  They 
are  most  excellent  compositions  and  repay  the 
reading.  My  copy  is  the  "eighth  edition,"  London, 
1817,  Ogles,  Duncan,  &  Co.  I  should  be  glad  to 
be  pointed  to  any  sketch  of  the  life  of  Mr.  HiU, 
or  any  biographical  information  concerning  him. 
G.  J.  Cooper. 

[John  Hill  was  born  at  Hitchin,  in  Hertfordshire,  about 
the  year  1711,  and  educated  at  an  Independent  academy 
in  London.  In  1733  he  became  pastor  of  a  congregation 
at  Stoke  Newington,  and  two  years  after  of  that  in  Lime 
Street.  Upon  a  gravestone  in  the  burial-ground  belong- 
ing to  the  Independent  meeting  at  Hitchin  is  the  follow- 
ing inscription  :  "  Here  lie  the  remains  of  John  Hill,  late 
a  useful  and  acceptable  minister  of  the  gospel  in  London, 
■who  died  the  26th  of  February,  1745-6,  in  the  thirty- fifth 


^rd  s.  XI.  Apeil  13,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


year  of  his  age."  There  is  a  biographical  notice  of  him 
in  Wilson's  History  of  Dissenting  Cliurches,  ed.  1808, 
ii.  82.] 

Oltsipia  Mokata,  etc. — I  shall  feel  obliged  by 
your  kindly  informing  me  whetber  there  is  any 
life  of  Olympla  Morata  in  English ;  and  if  not, 
whether  it  was  not  at  Schweinfurt,  in  Bavaria, 
that  she  fled  in  her  night-dress  before  Tilly's 
troops.  Also  the  name  of  the  founder  (Charle- 
magne's sister)  of  the  Beguinage  at  Ghent. 

0.  Mart  Harrison. 

Egerton  House,  Beckenham,  S.E. 

[An  English  translation  of  The  Life  of  Olympia  Morata, 
by  Julius  Bonnet,  appeared  in  The  Christian's  Fireside, 
vol.  XV.,  published  by  Johnstone  and  Hunter  of  Edin- 
burgh in  1854.  Speaking  of  her  flight  from  Schweinfurt, 
she  says,  "  I  wish  you  had  seen  the  pitiful  condition  to 
which  I  was  reduced — with  hair  dishevelled,  covered 
with  rags,  my  feet  bleeding,  and  for  cloathing  scarcely 
retaining  a  shift,  so  completely  had  we  been  plundered." 
Many  ascribe  to  St.  Begga  the  institution  of  the  Beguin- 
age at  Ghent.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Pepin  of  Landen, 
mayor  of  the  palace  to  the  French  kings  of  Austrasia,  and 
died  in  the  year  698.  (Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints,  Dec. 
17.)  According  to  Townsend's  3Ianual  of  Dates,  p.  379, 
the  grand  Beguinage  at  Ghent  was  founded  in  1234.  J 

MS.  Dramas.— Could  you  oblige  by  answering 
the  following  queries  relative  to  Mr.  C.  Patmore's 
MS.  dramas  ? — 1.  "  Love  in  a  Cowl,"  a  farce,  1799, 
by  Rev.  T.  Speidell.  Who  are  the  dramatis  per- 
sona. ?  2.  "  Malone  and  Matilda,"  a  tragedy,  by 
C.  A.,  1802,  with  letter  to  Sheridan.  Where  is 
the  letter  dated  from,  and  does  it  give  any  infor- 
mation as  to  the  author?  3.  ''Forty  Thieves," 
mus.  drama  by  E.  Green.  Is  there  any  date  to 
this  piece,  or  any  accompanying  letter  giving  any 
particulars  regarding  its  author  ?  R.  I. 

[1.  The  dramatis  perso7icB  of  Love  in  a  Coiul  are.  The 
Superior  of  the  Monastery ;  Don  Suspicazo ;  Lorenzo  ; 
Sebastian ;  Lopez,  servant  to  Sebastian ;  Diego,  servant 
to  Suspicazo ;  Camilla ;  Isabella  ;  Monks.  The  scene  is 
laid  in  a  monastery  in  Spain. 

2.  The  author  of  Malone  and  Matilda,  in  his  letter  to 
Sheridan,  speaks  of  himself  as  "  a  young  man,"  and  re- 
quests the  reply  to  be  forwarded  to  C.  A.,  No.  34,  Great 
James  Street,  Bedford  Row. 

3.  The  author  is  Mr.  E.  Green,  38,  Tavistock  Street 
Covent  Garden.  His  letter  is  dated  "  Monday,  August 
26,"  no  year,  but  the  paper  is  that  of  1794.  He  states 
that  his  object  in  sending  this  drama  is  to  procure  for 
himself  the  situation  of  chorus  singer  at  the  theatre.] 

Homer  a  la  Mode.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  who  was  the  author  of  the  followino- 
humorous  and  rather  clever  production  ?  Homm- 
a  la  Mode ;  a  3Iock  Poem  t/pon  the  First  and  Second 
Books  of  Homer's  Iliads.  12mo,  Oxford,  1664. 
Unfortunately  it  bears  marks  of  the  vulgar  pro- 


fanity which  was  then  beginning  to  disgrace  the 
a?e.  c.  P.  M. 

[The  author  of  this  «  Mock  Poem  "  was  son  of  Sir  John 
Scudamore  (Baron  Dromore  and  Viscount  Scudamore)  of 
Kentchurch,  co.  Hereford.  James,  the  son,  was  educated 
at  the  Westminster  school,  and  in  1661,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  was  transplanted  to  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1665.  He  was,  says  Anthony  a  Wood,  "  poetically 
given."  (Athenm,  iii.  727.)  He  went  to  live  with  his  re- 
lations, then  residing  in  the  city  of  Hereford,  and  was 
drowned  in  the  river  adjoining,  "  to  the  great  reluctancy 
(to  quote  again  the  words  of  Wood)  of  aU  who  were  ac- 
quainted with  his  pregnant  parts."  Wood  gives  the 
date  of  his  death  July  12,  1666 ;  but  according  to  the 
monumental  inscription  at  Home-Lacv,  co.  Hereford,  he 
died  on  June  10,  1668.  (Collect.  Top'og.  et  Geneahgica, 
IV.  257.)  A  quaint  letter,  written  by  Scudamore's  grand- 
father to  Busby  in  1663,  begging  the  Doctor's  acceptance 
of  some  cider,  is  given  in  Nichols's  Illust.  of  TAterary  His- 
tory, V.  395,  and  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Ixxxiii. 
(i.)  11.  It  concludes  thus,  "  God  bless  my  grandsonne, 
and  rewarde  you  for  him.— J.  Scudamore."] 

Glencoe  Massacre.  — J.  W  wishes  to  ask 
through  the  columns  of  "N.  &  Q."  for  the  best 
source  of  information,  in  a  compiled  form,  on  the 
"massacre  of  Glencoe,"  and  what  writer  takes 
the  most  extreme  Jacobite  view  of  the  whole 
event. 

[The  earliest  circumstantial  account  of  the  atrocious 
massacre  of  Glencoe  appeared  in"  A  Letter  from  a  Gen- 
tleman in  Scotland  to  his  friend  [Charles  Leslie]  at  Lon- 
don, who  desired  a  particular  Account  of  the  business  of 
Glencoe."  It  is  dated  "  Edinburgh,  April  20,  1692,"  and 
was  first  published  by  Leslie  in  his  "  Answer  to  a  Book 
[by  Dr.  Wm.  King]  intituled  The  State  of  the  Protestants 
in  Ireland  under  the  late  King  James's  Government,"  1692, 
4to,  Appendix,  p.  58. 

On  Thursday,  June  30,  1692,  Leslie  paid  a  visit  to 
Lord  Argyle's  regiment  quartered  at  Brentford,  and  re- 
ceived the  story  of  the  massacre  of  Glencoe  from  the  very 
men  who  were  the  actors  in  it,  Glenlyon  and  Drummond 
being  both  present.  The  Highlander  who  related  the 
story,  expressing  the  guilt  which  was  visible  in  Glenlyon, 
said,  "  Glencoe  hangs  about  Glenlyon  night  and  day,  and 
you  may  see  him  in  his  face." 

This  interview  induced  Leslie  to  investigate  the  mys- 
terious history  of  this  tragical  and  revolting  outrage  on 
all  laws,  human  and  divine,  and  which  he  published, 
anonymously,  under  the  title  of  Gallienus  Redivivus,  or 
Murther  will  Out,  Sfc,  being  a  True  Account  of  the  De- 
Witting  of  Glencoe,  Gaffney,  &c.  Edinburgh,  Printed 
in  the  A'ear  1695,  4to.  This  work  was  republished  in 
1714  with  the  Memoirs, of  the  Lord  Viscount  Dundee  and 
the  Highland  Clans,  12mo. 

This  was  followed  by  another  work,  entitled  "  The 
Massacre  of  Glencoe  ;  being  a  True  Narrative  of  the  Bar- 
barous Murder  of  the  Glencoe-Men  in  the  Highlands  of 
Scotland,  by  way  of  Military  Execution,  on  the  13th  of 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XL  Apkil  13,  '67. 


February,  1692  :  containing  the  Commission  under  the 
Great  Seal  of  Scotland  for  rnaking  an  Enquiry  into  that 
horrid  Murther:  the  Proceedings  of  the  Parliament  of 
Scotland  upon  it :  the  Report  of  the  Commissioners  upon 
the  Enquiry  laid  before  the  King  and  Parliament :  and 
the  Address  of  the  Parliament  to  King  William  for  justice 
upon  the  Murderers.  Faithfully  extracted  from  the  Re- 
cords of  Parliament,  and  published  for  undeceiving  those 
who  have  been  imposed  upon  hy  false  accounts.  London, 
1703,  4to." 

To  continue  the  list,  some  additional  particulars  of  this 
fearful  massacre  may  be  found  in  the  Memoirs  of  Sir 
JEwen  Cameron  of  Lochiell,  Chief  of  the  Clan  Cameron. 
Edin.  1842,  4to  (Maitland  Club)  ;  Mrs.  Grant's  Letters 
from  the  Mountains,  3  vols.  1807,  12mo;  Mrs.  Thomson's 
Lives  of  the  Jacobites  of  1715-45,  3  vols,  1845-6,  8vo  ; 
Aytoun's  Lays  of  the  Scottish  Cavaliers  and  other  Poems, 
pp.  95-111,  1843,  4to;  and  a  masterly  paper  from  John 
Paget,  Barrister-at-Law,  in  Blackwood's  3fagazine  for 
July,  1859,  pp.  1-23,  containing  some  significant  evidence 
suppressed  by  Lord  Macaulay  in  his  attempt  to  shield 
his  hero,  William  IIL,  from  the  obloquy  which  attaches 
to  his  name  for  his  share  in  that  blood-stained  transac- 
tion.] 

The  Deapees'  Company. — I  shall  be  much 
obliged  by  information  as  to  tbe  records  of  this 
company.  Of  what  do  they  consist  ?  How  can 
they  be  consulted,  where  are  they  deposited,  and 
how  far  back  do  they  extend?  What,  if  any, 
books  relative  to  it  have  been  published?  I 
should  also  be  glad  of  any  similar  information  re- 
lative to  other  city  companies.  G.  W,  M. 

[There  is  no  separate  history  of  the  Drapers'  Company; 
but  an  excellent  account  of  it  is  given  by  Herbert,  in 
The  History  of  the  Twelve  Great  Livery  Companies,  vol.  i. 
pp.  389-498.    The  records  of  the  Company  can  only  be 
consulted  at  the  Hall,  Throgmorton   Street,   City.      In 
1850  was  privately  printed  A  List  of  the  Master  and 
Wardens,  Court  of  Assistants,  and  Livery  of  the  Worship- 
ful Company  of  Drapers,  8vo.   The  Catalogues  of  the  Cor- 
poration of  the  City  of  London  contain  several  works  re- 
^      lative  to  this  Company'  and  its  more  celebrated  members, 
,  »J       The  following  Companies,  among  others,  have  published 
J(,     their  respective  histories— namely,  the  Carpenters  by  E.  B. 
^^(|J^Jupp,  1848,  8vo;  Clockmakers,  1860, 8vo;  Coopers,  1848, 
JT         8vo;  Grocers, byWm.Ravencroft,1689,4to;  Ironmongers, 
by  John  Nicholl,  1851, 8vo  ;  and  Merchant  Tailors,  by  the 
Rev.  H.  B.  Wilson,  2  vols,  1812, 4to.  That  of  the  Founders 
is  now  in  the  press,  and  edited  by  its  present  energetic 
Master,  William  Williams,  Esq.    Between  the  years  1861 
and  1864,  a  series  of  articles    on  most    of    the  Livery 
Companies    appeared    in  the   City  Press,  by  "  Aleph," 
from  which  our  correspondent  may  obtain  some  useful 
information.      The  one  on  the  Drapers'  Company  was  in 
that  of  January  11,  1862.] 

Waltee  Mapes,  —  In  PumeH's  Literature  and 
its  Professors  which  has  just   been  published  I 


find  that  author  (p.  141)  styles  Walter  Mapes  the 
fellow-countryman  of  the  famous  Giraldus  Cam- 
brensis.  Giraldus  was  bom  at  Manorben  Castle 
in  Pembrokeshire.  Can  you  inform  me  what 
ground  there  is  for  this  statement  ?  W. 

[Walter  Mapes  was  a  native  of  the  Welsh  marches, 
probably  of  Gloucestershire  or  Herefordshire.  He  terms 
himself  a  Marcher  (qui  marchio  sum  Walensibus.  De 
Nug.  Cur,  Distinc.  ii.  c.  23),  and  calls  the  Welshmen  his 
countrymen  (Mapes  de  Nugis  Curialium,  by  Wright,, 
p.  vi.)  At  the  time  when  King  William  Rufus  was 
reigning  in  England,  the  territories  of  Jestyn,  Prince  of 
Glamorgan,  were  very  extensive,  comprising  among 
others  the  Red  Cantred,  or  the  district  between  the  Wye 
and  the  Severn,  extending  to  Gloucester  Bridge,  and 
thence  in  a  straight  line  to  Hereford.  Hence  Mapes 
would  correctly  style  his  intimate  friend,  Giraldus  Cam- 
brensis,  "  his  fellow-countryman."] 

Maid's-Moeton,  Bucks. — Does  the  inscription 
on  the  founders'  tomb,  now  I  believe  much  dila- 
pidated, at  Maid's-Morton,  Buckinghamshire,  yet 
exist,  as  inserted  in  an  early  number  of  the  Gentle- 
mail's  Magazine,  1804,  p,  813  ?  — 

"Sisters  and  maidens,  daughters  of  the  Peyvre,  the 
pious  and  magnificent  founders  of  this  church."  , 

And  does  the  tradition  that  they  were  united,  as 
expressed  in  that  publication,  mean  in  the  sense 
of  the  Siamese  twins  ? 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

[According  to  Lipscomb  (Bucks,  iii.  45,  ed.  1847)  the 
above  inscription  is  now  over  the  north  door  of  the 
church.  The  tablet  is  also  noticed  in  Murray's  Hand- 
Book  of  Bucks,  published  in  1860.  In  the  middle  of  the 
nave  is  a  large  slab,  whence  have  been  removed  two  effi- 
gies, and  a  plate  at  the  feet ;  but  at  present  nothing  but 
two  small  escutcheons  of  fleurs-de-lis  remain.  On  re- 
moving this  slab,  it  is  stated,  that  a  large  stone  coffin 
was  discovered  "  in  which  were  (according  to  tradition) 
the  bodies  of  the  two  sisters  of  the  name  of  Peover,  or 
Peyvre,  reputed  founders  of  the  church."  (Willis's  Hist, 
of  Bucks.)  Not  the  least  hint  is  given  in  the  historical 
accounts  of  this  church  that  these  two  maiden  sisters 
were  Siamese  twins.  It  is  said  they  were  the  daughters 
of  the  last  heir  of  the  Peyvre  family,  and  that  the  village 
was  thence  called  Maid's-Morton.] 


Replied. 

THE  WILLOW  PATTERN. 
(3"»  S.  xi.  152.) 
A  query  about  this,  in  the  first  series  of  "  N.  & 
Q.,"  vol.  vi.,  p.  509,  failed  to  elicit  any  other  in- 
formation than  that  it  was  evidently  a  Chinese 
design,  and  that  the  writer  had  seen  the  same  or 
nearly  the  same  pattern  in  the  shops  at  Shanghai 
(vol.  vii.  p.  631).  In  the  Fainily  Fiiend  (vol.  i.) 
appeared  a  very  long  story  explanatory   of  the 


3'd  S.  XL  April  13,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


299 


subj  ect  represented  in  tlie  pattern ;  which,  the  nar- 
rator observes,  is  said  to  be  to  the  Chinese  what 
our  Jack  the  Giant  Killer  or  Robinson  Crusoe  is 
to  us.  It  may  be  so  ;  but  I  confess  that  it  looks 
much  more  like  a  story  written  to  fit  the  pattern 
than  one  intended  to  be  represented  by  the  pat- 
tern. The  reader  is  desired  by  the  writer  of  the 
above  narrative  to  "  provide  himself  with  an 
orthodox  plate,  and  go  with  him  through  the 
story." 

I  have  now  before  me  a  specimen  of  what  he 
calls  an  "  orthodox  plate"  of  the  pattern.  It  is 
the  one  with  a  large  house  on  the  right  joined 
hy  a  bridge  of  three  arches  to  a  much  smaller 
residence  on  the  left,  to  which  three  persons  are 
proceeding  over  the  bridge.  Above  is  a  boat 
with  a  mast,  and  one  man  in  [,it,  and  higher  up 
still  an  island  with  a  dwelling  upon  it.  Two 
doves,  more  like  swallows,  are  tlying  together  in 
the  air.  Of  course  the  long  story  explains  all 
these  particulars.  But  there  are  so  many  varieties 
of  the  pattern  that  it  is  not  easy  to  assent  to  the 
orthodoxy  of  this  one  in  particular.  Some  have 
the  large  house  on  one  side,  some  on  the  other. 
Some  show  a  bridge  of  three  arches,  others  of 
only  one ;  while  in  some  patterns  three  figures  are 
seen  on  the  bridge,  in  others  two,  or  only  one. 
I  have  sometimes  seen  a  man  with  something  like 
a  gun,  as  if  aiming  at  the  doves.  Some  again 
have  the  boat,  but  no  doves  ;  and  in  some  there  is 
a  zigzag  line  of  railing,  which  in  others  runs 
straight,  or  is  wholly  omitted.  The  borders  of 
the  plates  differ  also  greatly.  We  might  well 
then  be  required  to  provide  ourselves  with  an 
"  orthodox  plate,"  to  be  able  to  make  anything 
out  of  the  story ;  for  the  patterns  agree  in  little 
but  a  glorious  disregard  of  proportion  and  per- 
spective. 

But  it  may  well  be  asked  why  the  particular 
pattern  above  described  should  be  called  distinc- 
tively the  " orthodox"  one.  It  is  fair  to  presume 
that  antiquity,  or  priority  of  introduction,  would 
be  the  test  of  orthodoxy.  But  the  so-called 
*'  orthodox  plate  "  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
the  pattern  originally  introduced.  I  purchased 
a  few  years  ago,  at  the  sale  of  a  very  old  in- 
habitant, some  small  plates,  so  old  that  I  am 
inclined  to  think  they  were  some  of  the  first 
made  in  this  country  with  the  pattern.  One  of 
them  lies  now  before  me ;  it  is  of  very  deep 
blue,  with  but  little  white  in  the  pattern.  It 
has  at  the  back  the  initials  SI,  which  I  am 
unable  to  explain,  but  which  may  be  a  guide 
to  others  more  versed  in  the  history  of  crockery. 
Now  the  pattern  on  this  plate  differs  greatly  from 
that  termed  the  "orthodox."  The  large  mansion 
stands  towards  the  right,  but  is  brought  almost 
into  the  centre  of  the  picture.  In  an  open  court 
in  front  of  it  two  figures  are  bowing  to  each  other. 
There  are  railings,  but  these  are  placed  to  the  left 


of  the  house,  and  run  close  up  to  the  bridge,  and 
there  is  no  suite  of  rooms  projecting  over  the 
water.  A  single  figure  is  just  stepping  on  to  the 
bridge,  but  the  only  boat  represented  is  not  above, 
but  far  below,  without  any  mast,  and  rowed  by 
one  man  in  the  direction  of  the  bridge.  The 
famous  willow  stands  beyond  the  bridge  on  the 
opposite  side,  and  close  to  a  house  higher  up  than 
usual.  There  is  at  the  top,  where  the  clouds 
should  be,  a  flying  island,  with  a  house  and  trees, 
but  there  are  no  birds  flying  in  the  air.  I  may 
add  that  the  border  round  the  plate  is  very  ela- 
borate, with  butterflies,  houses,  gateways,  and 
flowers  ;  and  very  different  from  what  we  find  on 
more  modern  specimens  of  the  willow  pattern 
plate.  I  think  my  old  plate  must  contain  the 
original  pattern,  and  have  the  best  claim  to  be 
st^'led  "  orthodox  "  ;  and  I  must  own  that  I  never 
had  any  faith  in  the  professed  legend  of  the  willow 
pattern. 

I  should  like  to  place  on  record,  in  connexion 
with  the  subject  of  china-ware,  the  introduction  of 
another  favourite  pattern.  Every  one  has  seen 
china  with  a  delicate  blue  flower,  something  like 
the  Forget-me-noty  but  with  a  little  red  in  the 
centre,  and  with  alternate  green  leaves,  the  pat- 
tern altogether  being  very  diminutive,  and  looking 
extremely  neat  upon  the  white  ware.  Hardly 
any  pattern,  next  to  the  willow  one,  is  more  com- 
mon than  this.  It  was  a  French  enrigrant  priest, 
a  friend  of  mine,  the  Rev.  T.  Deterville,  who  in- 
troduced this  pattern  into  England.  He  brought 
over  with  him  at  the  French  Revolution  a  coffee- 
cup  and  saucer  with  this  pattern,  and  gilt  at  the 
edges.  He  sent  them  to  Staftordshire  to  have  a 
tea  and  coffee  service  made  to  the  pattern,  which 
so  much  pleased  the  manufacturers,  that  they  at 
once  adopted  it,  and  it  soon  became  a  general 
favourite  and  everywhere  met  with.  I  possess 
not  only  some  portions  of  the  service  made  for  my 
friend,  but  also  the  identical  coffee-cup  and  saucer 
.which  he  brought  over.  The  saucer  bears  the 
mark  of  the  French  manufacturer,  consisting  of 
an  oval,  surmounted  by  a  ducal  coronet,  enclosing 
a  cypher  inexplicably  intertwined,  as  cyphers 
usually  are,  and  all  in  red  colour.  Can  the  intro- 
duction of  the  willow  pattern  be  as  satisfactorily 
explained  ?  F,  C.  H. 

The  introduction  of  the  willow  pattern  ware  is 
attributed  by  Mr.  Chaffers  to  Mr.  John  Turner 
of  the  Caughley  works,  near  Broseley,  Shropshire, 
who  had  come  thither  from  the  Worcester  manu- 
factory :  — 

"  The  excellence  of  Turner's  ware  and  patterns  chained 
him  great  patronage.  In  1780  he  produced  the  celebrated 
'  willow  pattern,'  which,  even  in  the  present  day,  is  in 
great  demand,  and  completed  the  first  blue  printed  table  ser- 
vice made  in  England  for  Mr.  VVhitmore.  The  pattern  was 
called  Nankin,  and  was  something  similar  to  the  Broseley 
tea-service  produced  in  1782,    Thos,  Minton,  Esq.,  of 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


IB^  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67. 


Stoke,  assisted  in  the  completion  of  the  table  service, 
being  at  that  time  articled  as  an  engraver  there."— i'of- 
tery  and  Porcelain,  by  W.  Chaflfers,  F.S.A.,  1863,  p.  148. 

The  Mr.  Mayer  of  Hanley,  referred  to  in  Me. 
Dixox's  note,  is  thus  mentioned  in  Mr.  Chaffers's 
valuable  work :  — 

"  Hanley,  Staffordshire.  Elijah  Mayer  -was  a  contem- 
porary of  Wedgwood.  He  was  noted  for  his  cream- 
coloured  ware  and  brown  line  ware.  A  cup  and  saucer,  in 
imitation  of  Wedgwood's  Egyptian  or  black  ware,  with 
animals  in  relief,  with  the  name  impressed,  is  in  Mr.  C. 
W.  Reynolds's  collection."— P.  122. 

Ctjxhbeex  Bede. 


I  have  ten  of  these 


,  which  have  been  in 


the  family  for  two  hundred  years.  They  differ  a 
good  deal  from  the  common  ware ;  they  are  of  a 
greenish  white.  The  design  is  much  less  crowded 
together,  and  the  lines  finer.  In  fact,  while  the 
drawing,  &c.,  is  genuine  Chinese,  they  are  rather 
handsome  in  design.  The  figures  are  blue;  the 
two  large  birds  are  replaced  by  six  very  small,  in 
groups  of  three.  The  extreme  edges  of  thie  plates 
are  of  a  pale  coff'ee  colour  about  the  sixteenth  of 
an  inch,  and  there  is  a  narrow  border  about  the 
eighth  of  an  inch  wide  formed  by  two  blue  lines, 
between  which  run  two  figures  of  this  sort,  <  >, 
also  blue  lines.  The  lozenge  is  not  completed,  as 
the  lines  do  not  meet. 

Feajtcis  Kobeet  Da  vies. 
Hawthorn. 


TREATISE  ON  OATHS. 
(3^d  s.  xi.  170.) 

This  work  is  very  scarce.  My  copy  was  for- 
merly in  the  possession  of  the  late  Duke  of 
Sussex,  It  was  very  ably  answered  by  Richard 
Cosin,  LL.D.,  in  his  Apologie  for  Sundrie  Pro- 
ceedings hyJurisdictiMiEcclesiasticall,  London,  1593. 
In  the  "  Epistle  to  the  Reader,"  Cosin  gives  the 
exact  title  of  the  "  Treatise  on  Oaths,"  and  says : — 

"It  seemed  so  precious,  that  copies  thereof  (though 
desired)  were  made  very  rare  ;  and  not  vouchsafed  to  the 
vulgar  and  meaner  sort,  but  kept  tanquam  Cereris  mys- 
teria.  So  that  almost  a  yeere  (after  knowledge  of  it  had) 
did  passe,  ere  it  happened  to  come  to  my  poore  handes  ; 
and  that  was  by  the  meanes  of  a  right  noble  Counsellour, 
who  had  also  much  adoe  to  preserve  a  copie  thereof  for 
himselfe." 

The  date  of  the  treatise  must  have  been  about 
1590,  but  nothing  at  all  is  known  about  the 
authorship  of  the  book.  Cosio,  in  the  "  Epistle 
to  his  Apologie,"  says  :  — 

"  Truely  I  neither  doe  knowe,  nor  have  heard,  who 
were  any  of  the  Authors,  or  who  was  the  Enditer  of  it." 

G.  W.  N. 


Is  not  this  treatise  by  Mr.  Robert  Beale,  a  clerk 
of  the  Council  ?     In  1583  he  wrote  on  this  sub- 


ject,  and  gave  his  MS.  to  Archbishop  Whitgift 
for  perusal.  The  archbishop  retained  the  MS., 
which  gave  rise  to  a  complaint  by  the  archbishop 
to  Lord  Burleigh  (see  my  High  Cojnmission,  1865, 
p.  12).    Lancelot  Andre wes  says :  — 

"  Certain  Doctors  of  the  Civil  Law  agreed  upon  a 
schedule  containing  some  grounds  of  ministering  an  oath 
of  office,  in  crimes  punishable  bj'  Ordinaries  and  Eccle- 
siastical Jurisdiction,  A  Treatise  penned  against  this 
schedule,  but  in  MS.,  was  greatly  extolled.  It  seemed  so 
precious,  that  copies  thereof  were  made  very  rare." 

It  is  entitled  :  —  [Then  follows  the  exact  title 
as  given  by  your  correspondent  J.  M.] 

It  was  probably  printed  abroad,  as  your  corre- 
spondent suggests :  for  a  decree  in  the  Star  Cham- 
ber, in  1587,  forbad  the  publishing  of  any  book 
against  the  meaning  of  any  commission  or  pro- 
hibition under  the  Great  Seal. 

There  is  a  summary  of  Beale's  treatise  in  the 
British  Museum  (Lansd.  MS.,  No.  42),  a  com- 
parison of  which  with  the  book  in  the  Bodleian 
would  settle  the  question,  if  further  evidence  be 
required. 

Thanks  to  "N.  &  Q."  for  pointing  out  a  book 
that  I  have  been  long  searching  for. 

John  S.  Btjen. 

The  Grove,  Henley. 

[The  work,  entitled  A  Briefe  Treatise  of  Oathes,  SfC, 
to  which  Dr.  Richard  Cosin  *  replied,  there  can  be  little 
doubt  was  from  the  pen  of  James  Morice,  attorney  of  the 
Court  of  Wards,  a  member  of  parliament,  and  "professed 
favourer  of  the  Puritan  faction."  In  the  Cotton  library 
(Cleopatra,  F.  i.  p.  1)  is  a  tract  by  him,  entitled  "A  Col- 
lection, shewing  what  jurisdiction  the  Clergie  hathe 
heretofore  lawfully  used,  and  may  lawfully  use,  in  the 
realme  of  England."  This  is  immediately  followed  (p,  50) 
with  the  above  discourse,  A  Briefe  Treatise  of  Oathes, 
Sfc,  which  in  Cooper's  Athena  Cantabrigienses,  ii.  231,  is 
attributed  to  James  Morice.  (Consult  also  Str\'pe's  Life 
ofAbp.  TVhitgift,  ed.  1822,  ii.  30-32,  and  Strype's  Life  of 
Bp.  Aylmer,  pp.  86,  94.)  There  is  another  manuscript 
transcript  of  A  Briefe  Treatise  of  Oathes  in  the  Harleian 
collection,  No.  5247,  made  by  Alexander  Cooke  of  Uni- 
versity College,  Oxford,  and  afterwards  Vicar  of  Leeds. 
A  copy  of  the  printed  work  is  also  in  the  British  Museum, 
press  mark  517,  c.  30.  The  summary  of  Robert  Beale's 
Book  of  Oaths  (Lansdowne  MS.  42)  is  not  the  same 
work  as  the  foregoing. — Ed.] 


MALE  AND  FEMALE  BIRTHS. 
(3'-<i  S.  xi.  125.) 
Vetan  Rheged  seems  to  be  under  an  impres- 
sion that  female  births,  especially  of  illegitimate 
children,  exceed  the  male  births ;  but  the  con- 
trary is  the  fact  in  England  and  Wales,  as  wiU  be 
seen  by  the  following  extracts  from  the  last  eight 
reports  of  the  Registrar-General :  — 

[*  In  Bohn's  Lowndes,  and  other  books  of  reference, 
this  learned  civilian  is  described  as  a  Bishop  of  Durham. 
He  was  not  in  orders,  although  employed  on  several 
commissions  relating  to  episcopal  jurisdiction,  &c.] 


3rd  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


301 


Males  born  to  every 
100  females  born     - 

Males  born  in  loed- 
lock  to  every  lOt 
females  so  born     - 

Males    born 
«!ed?ocA- to  every  100 
females  so  born 

Children  born  out  of 
wedlock  to  every  \00 
births      - 


1858. 

1859. 

1860. 

1861. 

1862. 

1863. 

1864. 

1865. 

101-5 

104-6 

104-- 

104-6 

104-1 

104-7 

104-2 

1040 

104-4 

104-5 

104-8 

104-5 

104-1 

104.6 

104-2 

104-0 

106-2 

105-r 

102-9 

106-1 

103-4 

106-3 

104-4 

103-9 

6-6 

6-5 

6-4 

6-3 

6-3 

6-5 

6-4 

6-2 

The  census  does  not  state  the  number  of  ille- 
gitimates distinct  from  the  legitimates. 

W.  H.  W.  T. 
General  Register  Office,  Somerset  House. 


Certainly  the  statistics  of  illegitimate  births  in 
England  afford  no  support  to  the  theory  that 
"  excess  of  female  births  is  the  certain  result  of 
polygamy."  Adding  together  the  returns  for  the 
four  years  1857-60,  contained  in  the  20th  to  23rd 
Reports  of  the  Registrar- General,  it  appears  that 
the  births  registered  were :  — 
In  Wedlock. 
Boj's  .  .  1,289,000,  or  322,000  per  annum  on  the  average. 
Girls  .    .  1,229,000,  or  307,000  „  „ 

Out  of  Wedlock. 
Boys.   .       89,400,  or    22,350 
Girls.    .        85,400,  or    21,350 

In  each  year  of  the  four,  boys  exceed  girls  in 
both  classes  alike.  If  it  had  been  otherwise, 
however,  the  result  would  have  been  far  from 
conclusive,  for  two  reasons :  first,  that  all  illegiti- 
mate births  are  not  the  result  of  polygamy,  in 
the  sense  in  which  I  suppose  Vryan  Rheged 
uses  the  term,  as  being  illegitimate  children  of 
married  men  ;  and  second,  that  a  very  large  num- 
ber of  illegitimate  births,  especially  of  the  latter 
class,  are  not  registered  at  all. 

Job  J.  B.  Workard. 


FAMILY  OF  DE  SCURTH,  OR  DE  SOUR. 
(3">  S.  iii.  89,  317,  399  ;  iv.  294.) 

I  have  no  wish  to  revive  a  discussion  on  the 
origin  and  history  of  this  family,  which  I  myself 
began  some  years  ago  in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q.," 
since  it  is  very  unlikely  anything  very  definite 
can  now  be  elicited  on  so  obscure  a  subject.  I 
•wish,  however,  to  make  a  few  closing  observa- 
tions on  the  replies  furnished  to  my  inquiries, 
and  to  state  what  is  the  opinion  a  little  further 
thought  and  research  has  enabled  me  to  form  on 
the  subject. 

I  am  afraid  we  cannot  claim  relationship  for 
De  Scurth,  or  De  Scur,  with  the  old  race  of 
Udallers,  the  Scarths  of  Bina  Scarth.  The  former 
were  settled  in  East  Yorkshire,  at  least  three  or 
four  centuries  before  the  time  which  P.  fixes  as 
that  during  which  certain  branches  of  the  Skarths 


settled  on  the  Yorkshire  coast.  It  may,  however, 
be  said  that,  among  such  a  seafaring  race,  an 
earlier  migration  might  occur,  and  this  is  cer- 
tainly not  improbable. 

The  name  Scurth  may  be  Scarth,  with  only  that 
difference  of  spelling  usual  in  such  cases.  But  I 
think  it  is  much  more  probable  that  it  is  simply 
Scur,  with  the  tJi  accidentally  added :  a  circum- 
stance which  will  surprise  no  one  who  knows 
what  laxity  of  spelling  prevails,  not  only  in 
ancient  documents,  but  in  the  copies  of  tran- 
scribers. I  cannot  resist  the  conclusion  that  Scur 
is  the  same  as  the  wide-spread  Norman  name, 
De  Escures,  or  Scures  in  its  shortened  form. 
Families  of  this  name  prevailed  in  Norman  times, 
as  is  well  known,  over  large  portions  of  England. 
Some  were  settled  in  Lincolnshire,  North  and 
South,  others  in  Richmondshire  —  both  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  places  in  which  the  De 
Scurs  were  settled.  Then  the  variety  of  spelling 
through  which  De  Escures  passes,  often  brings  it 
into  almost  perfect  identity  with  De  Scur.  Con- 
sidering these  circumstances,  I  think  we  are 
almost  compelled  to  give  up  the  notion  of  the 
Scandinavian  origin  of  this  family,  and  to  con- 
sider it  of  Norman  descent.  R.  S.  T. 


ANDREA  DI  JORIO. 

(3'<J  S.  xi.  256.) 
Your  correspondent  inquires  after  a  small  pam- 
phlet by  this  author,  written  "  to  show,  by  refer- 
ring to  the  pictures  on  the  walls  of  Pompeii,  how 
the  ancient  customs  of  the  Roman  inhabitants  of 
that  part  of  Italy  had  been  handed  down  nearly 
unchanged."  Among  the  good  Canon's  various 
productions,  it  strikes  me  that  the  one  now  in- 
quired for  must  be  that  entitled  La  Mimica  degli 
Antichi;  which,  however,  does  not  embrace  all 
"  ancient  customs "  of  the  Romans,  but  simply 
their  gestures,  postures,  and  manual  signs,  as  pre- 
served in  ancient  monuments,  and  reproduced, 
with  very  little  change,  by  the  modern  inhabit- 
ants of  the  country.  La  Mimica  degli  Antichi  is 
an  octavo  of  more  than  380  pages,  with  many 
plates.  In  common  with  that  very  curious  and 
interesting  work,  the  Canon's  Metodo  per  rin- 
venire  e  frugare  i  Sepolcri  degli  Antichi,  the  work 
now  in  question  well  deserves  a  translation  into 
English.  ScHiN. 


The  following  is  the  title  of  a  pamphlet  be- 
longing to  the  Finch  Collection  in  the  library  of 
the  Taylor  Institution  of  this  University :  — 

"  Description  de  quelques  Peintures  antiques  qui 
existent  au  Cabinet  du  Royal  Musee-Bourbon  de  Por- 
tici ;  du  Chanoine  Andre  de  Jorio,  Membre  honoraire  de 
I'Acade'mie  des  Beaux-Arts,  8vo,  pp.  87,  avec  4  gravures, 
Naples,  1825." 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  Apeil  13,  '67. 


The  author,  in  his  preface,  says :  — 

"  La  riche  et  cclebi-e  collection  de  tableaux  qu'on  doit 
k  la  Ruine  d'Herculaneum,  de  Pompei  et  de  Stabia,  con- 
serve'e  h  Portici  dans  le  Muse'e  Bourbon,  manquait  jusqu'k 
present  d'lin  guide  sur  pour  fixer  le  jugement  et  I'ad- 
miration  des  curieux  qui  se  trouvaient  perdus  au  milieu 
de  tant  de  tresors.  J'ai  senti  la  necessite  de  satisfaire 
les  amateurs  des  chefs-d'oeuvres    de  I'antiquite,  et  j'ai 

entrepris  ce  petit  mais  interessant  travail 

Les  elrangers  qui  peuvent  consacrer  quelques  heures  h 
visiter  le  Musee  trouveront  dans  le  travail  que  je  leur 
offre,  avec  plus  ou  moins  de  details,  les  tableaux  les  plus 
inte'ressants,  soit  pour  I'erudition,  soit  pour  I'art,  soit 
enfin  pour  les  usages  antiques,  que  nous  avons  conserves 
avec  la  plus  scrupuleuse  exactitude,"  etc. 

Whether  this  is  the  pamphlet  inquired  for  hy 
Mr.  ItAMAGE  is  perhaps  doubtful ;  but  as,  after 
some  research  in  catalogues,  &c.,  I  have  dis- 
covered no  other  publication  by  Jorio  so  nearly 
corresponding  in  the  title  with  the  one  wanted,  I 
have  copied  out  the  preceding  details.  In  the 
title  quoted,  the  words  "  les  tableaux  les  plus  in- 
teressants"  are  misplaced,  and  ought  to  follow 
the  word  "  antiques  " ;  and  this  bad  arrangement 
might  possibly  lead  to  a  misconception  of  the 
meaning  as  regards  "  les  usages  antiques." 

J.  Maceat. 

Oxford. 


DALMAHOY  FAMILY. 

(3'"  S.  xi.  200.) 

At  p.  550  of  Sir  Eobert  Douglas's  Baronage 
(folio,  1798)  it  is  stated  that  Sir  John  Dalmahoy, 
of  Dalmahoy,  the  twelfth  in  descent,  married 
"Barbara,  daughter  of  Sir  Bernard  Lindsay,  a 
brother  of  the  Earl  of  Crawford."  I  am  aware 
these  persons  are  not  named  by  Lord  Lindsay 
in  his  printed  pedigrees  of  the  family.  Still, 
such  is  one  authority  for  the  fact,  and  it  is  pos- 
sible it  may  be  ascertained  by  deeds.  Secondly, 
Anglo- ScoTus  seems  to  deny  the  fact  of  the 
baronetcy.  The  diploma  is  cited  by  Sir  Eobert 
Douglas  (p.  550)  as  being  dated  December  2, 
1679  (''diploma  in  cancellaria"),  and  as  being  a 
grant  to  Sir  John  Dalmahoy,  of  Dalmahoy,  and 
"  his  heirs  male  general."  Thirdly,  Sir  Alexander 
Dalmahoy,  the  fourth  baronet  (and  of  the  seven- 
teenth generation)  is  mentioned  by  Sir  Robert 
Douglas  to  have  been  alive  in  1798;  and  his 
death  at  Appin  House,  Argyleshire,  is  recorded  in 
the  Gentleman  s  Magazine,  1800.  Fourthly,  the 
father  of  the  fifth  and  last  baronet  is  mentioned 
by  Sir  Robert  Douglas  (p.  551)  to  have  been  "an 
eminent  chymist  in  London."  He  lived  on  Lud- 
gate  hill,  and  was  the  grandson  of  Sir  Alexander 
Dalmahoy,  who  married  Alicia,  daughter  of  John 
Paterson,  the  last  Archbishop  of  Glasgow.  Fifthly, 
the  last  baronet  was  the  son  of  the  chemist,  and 
was  of  Hertford  College,  Oxford.    He  took  his 


degree  of  B.A.   in  1794.     The  following  is  the 
record  of  his  death  at  Westerham,  Kent :  — 

"  Burials,  1800.  Dalmahov,  the  rev<i  Sir  John  Hay, 
bart.  [aet.  32],  October  ITth.'" 

I  know  two  persons  who  were  personally  ac- 
quainted with  him,  and  I  have  the  most  satisfac- 
tory reasons  to  be  free  from  doubt  respecting  hia 
descent  and  his  title  to  the  baronetcy.  Sixthly, 
the  grandson  of  Archbishop  Paterson  was  one  of 
the  executors  of  David  Garrick ;  and  he  was,  I 
believe,  the  "  John  Paterson  "  who  was  one  of  the 
witnesses  to  the  signature  of  marriage  of  Anne 
Margaret  Elizabeth  Dalmahoy  (a  sister  of  the  last 
baronet),  his  cousin,  with  the  Rev.  Thomas  Pin- 
nock.  I  hope  I  have  given  a  sufficient  reply  to 
the  imputation  of  incorrectness  alleged  by  Anglo - 
ScoTTJS.  I  am  also  not  without  some  hereditary 
memorials  of  the  thirteenth  generation  of  the 
family  named.  As  respects  "  Sir  Bernard  Lind- 
say," it  is  the  authority  of  Sir  Robert  Douglas 
which  should  be  challenged,  and  on  this  point  I 
will  say  no  more  at  present. 

Having,  since  writing  the  above,  read  the  evi- 
dence given  in  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  Earl- 
dom of  Crawford,  it  is  certainly  not  possible  to 
reconcile  it  with  the  statement  in  the  Baronage  of 
Sir  Robert  Douglas,  that  Sir  Bernard  Lindsay 
was  a  brother  of  the  Earl  of  Crawford,  if  the  char- 
ter of  August  1587  names  all  the  sons  (not 
merely  then  living),  who  were  the  issue  of  the 
ninth  earl.  It  appears  also  in  that  evidence 
(p.  84),  that  Sir  John  Dalmahoy  of  Dalmahoy 
(said  to  have  married  the  daughter  of  Sir  Bernard 
Lindsay)  was  the  sheriff  of  the  county  of  Edin- 
burgh in  the  year  1639,  before  whom  and  two 
deputy-sheriffs  the  inquisition  was  made  which 
returned  Ludovick,  the  sixteenth  earl,  to  have  been 
heir  of  David  the  eleventh  earl.  F'. 


Thanks  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Falconar  of  Usk, 
Monmouthshire,  who  has  sent  me  a  copy  of  the 
will  of  Thomas  Dalmahoy  of  the  Friery,  Guilford, 
in  the  county  of  Surrey,  the  second  husband  of 
the  Duchess  of  Hamilton,!  am  now  enabled  to  clear 
up  the  pedigree  of  that  gentleman  (who  was  a 
cadet  of  Dalmahoy  of  that  Ilk),  at  least  to  a  great 
extent,  although  there  are  still  some  difficulties 
in  reconciling  its  statements  with  the  published 
genealogies  of  that  family. 

In  this  will,  which  is  dated  March  9,  1682,  he, 
in  the  first  place,  refers  to  the  duchess'  four  daugh- 
ters by  her  first  marriage,  and  then  leaves  the 
following  legacies : — (1)  to  his  nephexv,  Sir  John 
Dalmahoy  in  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  Bart. ;  (2)  to 
his  nepheio,  Alexander,  brother  to  the  said  Sir  John ; 
(3)  to  his  brothers  William  and  Robert ;  (4)  to 
his  eldest  sister,  Lady  Clarkington;  (5)  to  his 
sister.  Lady  Binnie;  and,  lastly,  to  his  nephew 
Thomas,  son  of  his  late  brother  John,  deceased. 


3"!  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


He  appoints  his  nephew,  Sir  John,  his  executor, 
and  leaves  the  residue  to  his  nephews  Sir  John 
and  Thomas,  and  his  brothers  William  and 
Kobert. 

On  comparing  this  and  another  document  sent  by 
Mr.  McFarlane,  I  find  that  the  discrepancies  with 
the  published  genealogies  of  the  Dalmahoys  are 
even  more  serious  than  I  at  first  sight  supposed, 
and  that  I  must  delay  entering  upon  them  till  1 
have  the  opportunity  of  making  further  investi- 
gations. 

I  may  add  that  Thomas  Dalmahoy  was  elected 
member  for  Guilford  in  1664,  and"  again  1679. 
The  duchess  married  Thomas  Dalmahoy  in  1655, 
when  she  settled  the  estate  of  Dirleton  and  the 
Friery,  Guilford,  on  her  husband,  reserving  her 
own  life-rent.  She  confirmed  this  bv  her  will 
dated  May  6,  1656.  She  died  in  1659,  and  her 
will  was  proved  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Can- 
terbury in  1662.  Thomas  Dalmahoy  appears  to 
have  sold  both  Dirleton  and  the  Friery  about 
1681.  Geokge  Veee  Irvi>^g. 


MuLTURSHEAF  (3'*  S.  xi.  124.) — It  appears  to 
me  that  "VV.  B.  A.  G.  has  misunderstood  the 
meaning  of  this  word.  It  is  not  given  in  the 
Metours  of  Services  of  Heirs,  which  he  quotes,  as 
the  name  of  a  place ;  but  as  that  of  the  "multer- 
sheaf,"  or  the  corn-miller's  remuneration  in  kind 
for  work  performed.  The  other  perquisite  of 
"ringbear,"  mentioned  in  the  same  Retour,  is  well 
known ;  and  claimed  by,  at  least,  old-fashioned 
Scotch  corn-millers,  and  is  the  grain  which  acci- 
dentally falls  between  the  millstone  and  the 
surrounding  framework,  while  the  bear,  barley, 
wheat,  or  corn  is  being  ground.  J. 

"Tales  of  Terror"  (3'-d  S.  x.  608.)  — Some 
copies  of  the  1808  edition  have  an  engraved  title- 
page,  with  the  name  of  Bulmer  as  publisher.  It 
is  not  a  mere  reprint  of  the  Kelso  edition  of  1799, 
as  Grim  King  of  the  Ghosts  is  avowedly  a  bur- 
lesque of  The  Cioud  King,  and  The  Tales  of  Won- 
der were  not  published  till  1801. 

Byron,  who  knew  Lewis  well,  did  not  treat 
him  as  the  author  of  Tales  of  Terror.  In  Knglish 
Bards  and  Scotch  Revieivers,  he  saj's :  — 

"  Sonnets  on  sonnets  crowd,  and  ode  on  ode, 
And  Tales  of  Terror  jostle  on  the  road." — L.  151. 

In  noticing  Lewis  he  does  not  allude  to  any 
"Tale  of  Terror,"  but  says :  — 
"  All  hail  M.P.,  from  whose  infernal  brain 

Thin-sheeted  spectres  glide,  a  grisly  train, 

At  whose  command  'grim  women'  throng  in  crowds. 

And  kings  oifire,  of  water,  and  of  clouds, 

With  small  grey  men,  wild  yagers,  and  what  not. 

To  crown  with  honour  thee  and  Walter  Scott." 

LI.  G7,  72. 

All  the  allusions  above  are  to  the  Tales  of 
Wmider.  C.  E.  T. 


Genealogical  Qttery  (3'"'  S.  xi.  214.)  —  Is 
there  any  necessity  for  Mr.  H.  Fishwick  sup- 
posing that  laymen  were  allowed  to  preach  in  the 
churches  of  Yorkshire  about  1760,  because  a  gen- 
tleman, who  was  ordained  priest  at  Chester  in 
that  year,  had  for  ten  years  previous  to  that  date 
preached  pretty  regularly  in  certain  churches  spe- 
cified in  the  "West  Riding?  To  be  sure,  the 
Church  was  more  dead  than  alive  at  the  period  in 
question,  and  abnormal  things  were  tolerated  and 
practised :  but  lay  preaching  in  an  Anglican  pul- 
pit was  hardly  one  of  them.  May  not  the  gentle- 
man have  been  discharging  the  functions  of  a 
deacon,  of  which  preaching  is  one,  for  these  ten 
years  ?  Scoto-Presbttek. 

Aberdeenshire. 

Ordinatiois-  rtf  Scotxais'd  (3"^  S.  xi.  218.)  — 
One  is  sorry  to  see  your  valued  correspondent 
Charles  P»,ogers,  LL.D.,  introducing  the  po- 
lemical element  into  ''N.  &  Q."  Were  your 
columns  the  proper  field  for  that  species  of  war- 
fare, I  imagine  it  would  not  be  difficult  to  show 
the  one-sidedness  of  his  assertion,  that  '^  episco- 
pacy was  forced  upon  the  Scottish  people  "  at 
the"  Restoration.  It  was  forced  upon  the  Whigs 
of  the  west,  no  doubt ;  but  they  were  hardly  ''the 
Scottish  people."  In  the  eastern  and  northern 
counties,  the  extremely  moderate  episcopacy  of 
1661  was  gladly  embraced.  But  I  refrain,  fearing 
your  tu  quoqiie.  Scoto-Peesbxtee. 

Aberdeenshire. 

De  Eos  (2,'^  S.  xi.  193.)— The_ will  of  Mary, 
relict  of  the  John  de  Ros  who  died  in  17  Rich.  II., 
is  in  the  Testamenta  Ehor.  of  the  Surtees  Society. 
Among  the  bequests  was  *'unum  tablet  de  aui'o 
domino  Henrico  de  Percy  (Hotspur)  carissimo 
cognate  meo."  She  died  s.  p.  the  year  after  her 
husband,  and  of  the  same  age,  twenty-seven. 

Collins  {De  Ros  Peerage)  says  she  was  the  widow 

of  Orby ;  and  in  the  preface  (p.  cxxxii.)  to 

Liher  de  A?itiq.  Legihus  (Camden  Society),  she  is 
stated  to  have  been  daughter  and  heir  of  John  de 
Orby.  I  give  the  correct  genealogy  from  Addit. 
MS.  6666,  p.  103:  — 

"  Johes  de  Orby  obiit  s.  p.  m.  et  habuit  Johannam  mari- 
tatam  Henrico  domino  de  Percy,  qui  habuit  Margaretam 
(Mariam,  vid.  Testamentum)  desponsatam  Johanni  Rods 

militi  domino  de  Hamlake obiit  25  Aug.  18  R.  II. 

s.  p." 

Felix  Laueekt. 
Mar's  Work  {2>'^  S.  xi.  191.)— In  two  in- 
stances in  Edinburgh  the  word  "  work  "  is  applied 
to  charitable  foundations.  These  are,  Heriot's 
Work — the  hospital  founded  by  George  Heriot — 
and  Paul's  Work.  The  latter  was  originally  a 
charitable  foundation,  but  in  1626  it  was  "  des- 
tinated  and  mortified  for  educating  boys  in  a 
woollen  manufactory" — a  conversion  of  its  original 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XL  April  13,  '67. 


purpose  censured  as  unwarrantable.  See  Mait- 
land's  History  of  JEdinburgh,  468  et  seq.,  and 
Fount ainhall's  Decisions,  vol,  i.  pp,  6.37,  666,  and 
709,  and  vol,  ii.  p.  17.  G. 

EicHAED  Hey,  LL.D.  (Z'^  S.  xi,  115,)— He 
held  a  bye  fellowship  at  Magdalen  College,  Cam- 
bridge, till  his  marriage  in  1796  with  Martha, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Browne,  formerly  Garter- 
King-at-Arms,  as  appears  in  the  pedigree  given  in 
the  last  edition  of  Ducatus  Zeodiensis,  by  Dr, 
Whitaker,  The  arms  there  engraved  are,  how- 
ever, those  of  Simpson,  Dr.  Hey's  mother's  family, 
I  am  imable  to  supply  the  information  R,  I. 
specially  asks,  but  I  believe  there  was  a  second 
edition  of  the  three  prize  essays  on  Gaming, 
Duelling,  and  Suicide,  the  essays  having  at  first 
been  separately  printed;  and  to  this  second  edi- 
tion were  prefixed  some  autobiographical  notices. 
He  was  Third  Wrangler,  1768,  graduating  from 
Magdalen  College,  and  Senior  Chancellor's  Medal- 
list of  the  same  year,  and  1769,  of  Sidnerj,  Mem- 
ber's First  Prizeman  in  1770 ;  Senior  Bachelor's 
First  Prizeman.  For  many  years  the  Carnhridge 
Calendar,  in  a  footnote  to  the  Tripos  of  1768, 
contains  the  following  notice  :  — 

"  Fellow  of  Sidney,  and  Author  of  the  Prize  Essays  on 
Gaming,  Duelling,  and  Suicide,  For  each  prize  he  re- 
ceived 50  Guineas,  and  gave  40  in  the  whole  to  Adder- 
brookes  Hospital." 

In  1796  he  published  Edingtmi,  a  novel  in  two 
volumes  (Vernor  &  Hood)  with  his  name;  in 
1815,  Thoughts  on  the  Promotion  of  Christianity 
and  Civilization  in  India;  some  political  pam- 
phlets also,  which  the  Rev.  Robert  Hall  anim- 
adverted on  at  the  date  of  their  appearing.  See 
Robert  Hall's  Works. 

Dr,  Hey  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  Hert- 
ingfordbury,  where  he  died  in  advanced  age,  and 
in  consequence  the  year  of  his  decease  is  easily 
ascertained.  I  have  understood  that  he  founded 
a  ward  in  the  hospital  at  Hertford,  called  the  Hey 
Ward,  A.  M. 

THROWINa  THE  SlIPPER  AFTER  A  NEWLY- 
MARRIED  PaIR  (S'-'i  S.  xi.  137,)— This  custom 
seems  gaining  ground  among  the  better  classes. 
In  my  young  days  it  was  confined  (as  far  as  my 
recollection  goes)  to  the  country  folk.  Pepys, 
who  gives  so  many  details  of  baptisms  and  mar- 
riages, does  not  mention  it,  Urquhart,  in  Pillars 
of  Hercules,  thinks  that  it  arose  from  the  custom 
in  the  East  of  bearing  a  slipper  before  the  couple, 
in  token  of  the  bride's  subjection  to  her  husband. 
If  this  be  allowed,  will  not  our  brides  forbid 
throwing  the  slipper  ?  F.  C.  B. 

Astronomy  and  History  (3''^  S,  xi.  234.)  — 
Eclipses  have  been  computed  backwards  in  aU 
cases  where  they  fell  within  the  scope  of  his  great 
works,   by  the  Rev.    Edward  Greswell,   in  his 


Fasti  Catholici  and  Origines  Kalendarice,  4  vols.  ; 
Origines  Kalendarice  Hellenics,  6  vols, ;  and  Ori- 
gines Kalendarice  Italicce,  4  vols,  :  in  which  last 
work  all  the  eclipses  mentioned  in  Roman  history 
will  be  found,  and  all  the  notices  in  the  classics 
which  bear  upon  them.  C.  S.  G. 

Oliver  Cromwell  (S'^  S,  xi,  55,  207.)  — The 
present  representative  of  the  Protector  is,  if  I 
mistake  not,  Thomas  Artemidorus  Russell,  Esq., 
of  Cheshunt  Park,  Herts,  third  but  only  surviving 
son  of  the  late  Thomas  Artemidorus  Russell  of 
the  same  place,  by  his  wife  Elizabeth  Oliveria, 
daughter  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  Esq.,  of  Theobalds. 
Mr,  Cromwell  is  stated  by  Burke  {Landed  Gentry, 
tit,  "Cromwell")  to  have  been  son  of  Thomas 
Cromwell,  grandson  of  Henry  Cromwell,  who 
sold  the  family  estate  of  Spinney  Abbey,  and 
great  grandson  of  Henry  Cromwell,  Lord  Deputy 
of  Ireland,  who  was  fourth  son  of  the  Protector. 
Mrs.  Russell  left  at  her  decease,  in  1849,  several 
married  daughters.  J.  A.  Pn. 

Thomas  Churchyard  (S'^  S.  x.  308.)  —There 
is  a  small  erratum  in  the  notes  upon  the  above 
person.  In  the  account  of  Shrewsbury,  line  3,  for 
''  a  streate  called  Eolam,"  read  ''  a  streate  called 
Colam,"  In  my  allusion  to  the  personal  history 
of  Churchyard  in  the  above  article,  I  accidentally 
omitted  to  refer  to  Mr,  Collier's  mention  (in  his 
Poetical  Decameron,  ii,  88,  141)  of  the  military 
services  of  Churchyard  in  the  wars  of  the  Low 
Countries.  James  Bladon. 

William  Balcombe  (S"'  S,  xi,  193,)  —  I  fear 
that  S,  R.  D.  will  find  the  following  reply  to  his 
inquiry  about  this  gentleman  rather  vague,  but  it 
may  put  him  on  the  track  leading  to  further  in- 
formation. Mr.  Balcombe  had  a  residence  at  St. 
Helena,  not  far  from  the  place  fixed  on  for  the 
erection  of  a  house  for  the  ex-emperor.  While 
that  house  was  being  built  government  made  an 
arrangement  with  Mr,  Balcombe  to  receive  the 
royal  exile,  and  Mr,  Balcombe  seems  to  have 
played  the  host  with  considerable  tact  and  judg- 
ment. His  daughter  was  a  young  girl  at  the  time, 
and  appears  to  have  been  much  noticed  by  Na- 
poleon. Several  years  afterwards  she  published  a 
little  book  containing  her  reminiscences  of  that  in- 
teresting period,  and  several  amusing  pictures  of 
"Napoleon  at  home."  I  think  her  married  name 
was  "Abel,"  Unfortunately  I  have  made  no  note 
in  this  case,  or  I  might  have  written  with  more 
particularity,  M,  H,  R. 

Woman's  Love  :  Quotation  (3'^  S.  xi,  215,) 
The  lines  mentioned  are  in  Middleton's  tragedy, 
Wo7nen  Beware  Women.  I  have  not  the  play  by 
me,  and  cannot  give  act  and  scene.  The  remain- 
der of  the  passage,  of  which  the  lines  in  question 
form  the  commencement,  is  so  fine   that,  if  not 


3'd  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


already  known  to  your  correspondent,  lie  -svill  not, 
I  think,  be  sorry  to  have  it :  — 
"  The  treasures  of  the  deep  are  not  so  precious 
As  are  the  conceal'd  comforts  of  a  man 
Lock'd  up  in  woman's  love.     I  scent  the  air 
Of  blessmgs  when  I  come  but  near  the  house  ; 
What  a  delicious  breath  marriage  sends  forth ! 
The  violet  bed's  not  sweeter.     Honest  wedlock 
Is  like  a  banqueting-house  built  in  a  garden. 
On  which  the  Spring's  chaste  flowers  take  delight 
To  cast  their  modest  odours." 

H.  A.  Kejswedy. 
Gay  Street,  Bath. 

Jacobite  Verses  (S'**  S.  xi.  153.)  —  E.  G.  will 
find  the  words,  "  I  thy  Protestant  will  be,"  in  a 
little  poem  by  Herrick,  entitled  "  To  Anthea,  who 
may  command  him  anything,"  of  which  the  first 
Terse  is  as  follows :  — 

"  Bid  me  to  live,  and  I  will  live 
Thy  Protestant  to  be  ; 
Or  bid  me  love,  and  I  will  give 
A  loving  heart  to  thee." 

Jonathan  Boitchiee. 

Hair  standing  on  End  (3"^  S.  xi.  193.)— It 
is  Eliphaz,  not  Job,  who  speaks  of  the  hair  of  his 
flesh  standing  up.  (Job  iv.  15.)  I  am  ignorant 
of  Hebrew,  and  therefore  can  only  quote  the 
Septuagint  version,  which  says  "  the  hair  atid  the 
flesh,"  not  "the  hair  q/"  the  flesh,"  —  ecppi^uv  Se 
fxov  Tpi'xes  Kal  crapKis. 

Eliphaz  is  describing  the  well-known  phe- 
nomenon attending  horror  and  other  mental  emo- 
tions, as  well  as  certain  conditions  of  the  body, 
namely,  that  termed  by  medical  men  a  ri(^or,  and 
producing  what  is  popularly  called  "  goose-flesh." 
Any  one  may  observe  this  appearance  on  his  own 
bare  arm.  When  the  skin  is  tickled,  or  otherwise 
excited  to  contract,  it  becomes  studded  with  little 
elevations,  and  at  the  same  time  the  hairs  erect 
themselves.  These  fine  hairs,  when  quite  dry, 
are  sufficiently  light  to  be  raised  up  by  the  con- 
traction of  the  skin ;  but  this  would  be  quite  in- 
adequate to  lift  the  long  and  heavy,  not  to  say 
tangled,  damp,  or  greasy  hairs  of  the  head.  So 
that  au  upstanding  head  of  hair,  such  as  one  sees 
depicted  to  indicate  fear  or  horror,  is  a  mere 
painter's  license.  When  the  Ghost  in  Samlet 
speaks  of  the  Prince's  knotty  and  combined  locks 
parting,  and  each  particular  hair  standing  on  end, 
like  quills  upon  the  fretful  porcupine,  we  feel  that 
this  is  mere  exaggeration  and  bombast,  and  no 
more  literally  true  than  that  Hamlet's  two  eyes 
would  start  fairly  out  of  their  orbits,  as  shooting 
stars  were  supposed  to  do,  J,  Dixon. 

The  peculiar  power  of  contraction  which  the 
skin  possesses,  and  which  it  often  exhibits,  could 
not  be  explained  until  the  presence  of  muscular 
fibres  in  connection  with  it  was  detected  by  the 
microscope,  and  not  their  presence  only,  but  their 
position  as  regards  the  hair,  which  fully  explains 


that  which  was  not  before  understood,  viz.  the 
erection  of  the  hair  when  the  skin  is  violently 
contracted  from  fright. 

"  Katerfelto,  with  his  hair  on  end, 
At  his  own  wonders  wondering." 

r.  F. 

.  Maidstone. 

Latin  Quotations  (S"^  S.  xi.  256.)— If  thfr 
line 

"  Omnia  sponte  sua  reddit  justissima  tellus," 

of  which  the  prosody  is  bad,  occurs  anywhere,  it 
is  a  clumsy  plagiarism  from  two  passages  of  Virgil, 
Ud.  iv.  39  :  — 

"  Omnig  feret  omnia  tellus  " — 
and  Oeorg.  ii.  460  :  — 

"Fundit  humo  facilem  victum  justissima  tellus." 

Lxttelton. 
Hagley,  Stourbridge. 

A  Good  Hint  (S'"  S.  xi.  212.)  —Your  corre- 
spondent K.  P.  D.  E.'s  suggestion  has  frequently 
occurred  to  me  as  a  thing  that  should  be  done, 
but  I  was,  as  he  shows,  erroneously  under  the 
impression  that  it  was  an  original  idea.  Only 
those  not  in  the  Museum,  of  course,  would  be 
given,  not  those  inserted  in  the  ^'  White  Book" : 
for,  in  consequence  of  an  entry  I  made  some  time 
ago,  the  press-marks  of  all  those  in  the  Museum 
are  now  from  time  to  time  indicated.  The  result 
is,  to  show  that  two-thirds  of  the  entries  made 
by  readers  are  erroneous,  and  that  many  books 
entered  as  not  being  in  the  Museum  are  in  the 
Reading  Eoom  itself. 

I  think  the  authority  for  supposing  the  book 
exists,  or  has  existed,  should  be  given.  Watt 
and  Lowndes  frequently  give  titles  of  works  that 
never  existed ;  and  unless  the  plan  of  Peoe.  De 
Morgan,  in  his  List  of  Arithmetic  Books,  was 
followed,  scarcely  any  bibliographer  could  avoid 
this  kind  of  error.  JBut  what  I  think  is  of  very 
great  importance  is,  that  the  name  of  the  donor 
of  any  book  should  be  publicly  notified  in  the 
journals.  If  they  would  not  insert  such  notices 
gratis,  let  them  be  paid  for.  By  this,  several 
advantages  would  be  gained. 

Last  year  I  was  going  to  give  some  books  to 
the  Law  Society.  Having  seen  somewhere  that 
every  one  who  was  about  to  give  books  away 
should  make  it  a  rule  to  send  the  Museum  a  list, 
I  did  so ;  quite  as  a  matter  of  form.  To  my  sur- 
prise, the  Museum  only  possessed  half  the  articles 
in  it.  Perhaps  this  may  serve  as  a  hint  to  any- 
one who  has  books  to  give  away,  and  thinks  that 
the  British  Museum  possesses  them. 

Ealph  Thomas. 

Bath  Brick  (3"»  S.  xi.  213.)— The  so-called" 
"  bath  brick"  is  made  at  Bridgewater,  and,  so  far 
as  I  can  learn,  has  always  been  so.  Why  called 
''bath  brick,"  I  know  not.    These  bricks,  so  ex- 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XI.  April  13,  '67. 


tensively  used  in  every  household  for  cleaning 
knives,  &c.,  are  made  of  a  peculiar  kind  of  mud 
deposited  more  or  less  at  every  tide  on  the  banks 
of  the  narrow  channel  at  and  in  Bridgewater; 
whence  it  is  collected,  or  rather  dug  out,  as  the 
sides  of  the  channel  are  entirely  composed  of  it. 
When  wet,  the  mud  has  a  blackish  slimy  ap- 
pearance, with  a  certain  degree  of  tenacity  which 
allows  of  its  being  made  into  bricks  with  little 
trouble.  No  one,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  have  satis- 
fied themselves  where  this  peculiar  mud  is  derived 
from — what  kind  of  rock  it  is  the  disintegrated 
portion  of.  From  the  slimy  appearance  of  the 
mud,  I  had  expected  to  have  found  a  large  pro- 
portion of  diatomaceous  frustules ;  but  by  a  careful 
microscopic  examination  of  several  parcels,  I  have 
not  been  able  to  trace  an  atom  of  organic  matter. 
The  mud  appears  to  be  composed  of  about  two- 
thirds  of  exceedingly  fine  grain  of  quartz,  or  some 
ailicious  compound,"  and  about  one-third  of  cal- 
careous matter,  which  easily  dissolve  in  nitric 
acid ;  but  does  not  effervesce  when  the  acid  is 
applied,  so  that  I  conclude  it  is  some  form  of 
alumina.  From  the  above  investigation  I  am  dis- 
posed to  think  that  the  mud  is  decomposed  lias 
rock,  derived  from  the  neighbourhood. 

Edwakd  Paefitt. 

"  Bath  brick  "  is  manufactured  from  sand  taken 
from  the  bed  of  the  River  Parrot,  at  Bridgewater. 

EtrSTicus. 

ZE^-0  :  "  POLTMANTEIA,"  ETC.  (3"*  S.  xi.21o.)— 
If  your  correspondent  Pierce  Egan,  Jirsr.,  will 
turn  to  Mure's  History  of  the  Language  and  Litera- 
ture of  Ancient  Greece  (vol.  ii.  p.  121),  he  will 
find  that  "of  Xenon  [not  Zeiion'],  the  first  re- 
corded proposer  of  the  new  doctrine  of  Chori- 
zontism,  nothing  is  known  beyond  the  fact  of 
priority."  Aristarchus  wrote  a  treatise  against 
the  "  Paradox  of  Xenon."  Xenon  is  not  noticed 
in  Smith's  Dictiwiary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Bio- 
graphy ;  nor  in  Donaldson  and  Muller,  History  of 
Greek  Literature. 

^  No  work  in  English  called  Polymanteia  is  men- 
tioned in  Bohn's  Loicndes,  or  in  Brunet's  Manual. 
J.  B.  Davies, 

Quotation  from  Virgil  ut  Note  to  Wheeler's 
"Horace"  (3^1  S.  xi.  216.)  — It  is  very  evident 
that  the  misquotation,  which  is  still  worse  than 
the  wrong  reference  complained  of  by  J.  P.  P., 
arises  from  Mr.  Wheeler  having  quoted  from 
memory  —  a  thing  which  he  ought  not  to  have 
done.     In  ^n.  i.  319,  we  have  the  words  — 

"  Dederatque  comam  difFundere  ventis." 
And  in  v.  316,  of  the  same  person  — 

"  .        .        gerens  et  Yirginis  arma 
Spartanae." 
And  in  v.  336,  Venus  says  — 

"  Virginibus  Tyriis  mos  est  gestare  pharetram." 


Out  of  these  three  passages,  doubtless,  Wheeler 
or  Anthon's  memory  coined  the  misquotation: — 
"  Da^que  comas  divellere  ventis  more 
Yirginis  Spartanae." 

J.  B.  Davies. 

Extraordinary  Assemblies  of  Birds  (3'''*  S. 
xi.  220.) — In  confirmation  of  U.  U.'s  surmise  that, 
in  Milton's  Paradise  Lost  (book  iv.  642)  — 

"  Sweet  is  the  breath  of  morn,  her  rising  sweet 
With  charm  of  earliest  birds,"  — 

the  word  charm  does  not  mean  "charming  effect" 
but  "chorus,"  I  venture  to  quote  from  Dobson's 
Paradisus  Amissus  his  translation  of  the  lines :  — 

"  Dulce  recens  Aurora  renidet,  amabile  odores 
Ambrosios  exorta  refert,  vigilumque  voluerum 
Concentus.^' 

The  truth  is,  that  "charm"  is  the  Latin  car- 
men ;  which  is  first  a  song,  but  comes  to  mean  an 
incantation,  a  spell, — whence  our  common  sense 
of  the  word  charm.  "Charm"  however  is  in 
Wiltshire  used  for  a  noise,  a  hum  of  voices,  whe- 
ther in  or  out  of  concert.  Halliwell  (Dictionary 
of  Archaic  Words)  quotes  Palsgrave  :  "I  cherme 
as  byrdes  do  whan  they  make  a  noyse  a  great 
nomber  togyther."  Todd  has  no  note  on  the 
sense  of  charm  in  the  above-mentioned  passage  of 
Milton,  .  J.  B.  Davies. 

Balmoral  (3'''*  S.  xi.  177.)  —  One  of  your  cor- 
respondents suggests  the  Gaelic  etj'mology  of 
this  name  to  be  from  words  meaning  "  the  town 
on  the  large  stream  ;"  but  this  is  quite  impossible 
to  be  received,  as  there  is  no  known  instance  in 
Scotland  of  the  Gaelic  word  AUt  (which  signifies 
"a  stream")  having  ever  become,  when  used 
either  as  a  prefix  or  suffix,  al.  It  is  still  even 
mora  impossible  that  any  name  of  a  place  in  that 
part  of  the  Scottish  Highlands  could  have  been 
compounded  with  any  Welsh  word,  even  ap- 
proaching to  the  final  -al  of  this  name ;  as  no 
language  but  Gaelic  was  ever  there  the  prevailing 
one  up  to  the  end  of  the  last  century,  and  the 
Welsh  were  never  the  inhabitants  thereof.  The 
following  extract  will  likely  be  acceptable  on  the 
point :  — 

"  A  name  now  become  very  familiar  throughout  all 
Britain  must  not  be  forgotten,  namely,  that  of  Balmoral, 
in  Aberdeenshire.  Its  Gaelic  etymology  is  from  Baile-na- 
morail,  and  which  signifies  '  the  majestic  or  magnificent 
town ' ;  and  it  is  extremely  singular  that  so  very  appro- 
priate a  designation  for  our  sovereign's  Highland  palace 
should  have  happened.     The  proper  pronunciation  in 

Y.ng\ish.  is  precisely  that  of  the  Gaelic It  is  worthy 

of  remark  to  consider  what  great  changes  have  happened 
in  the  space  of  little  more  than  one  ceuturv.  In  the  j-ear 
1745,  there  was  in  one  of  the  regiments  of  Prince  Charles's 
army  a  company  of  Highlanders  caUed  '  The  Balmoral ' 
Farquharsons  (the  property  had  long  been  in  possession 
of  a  branch  of  that  name,  descended  from  the  Inverey 
familv) ;  but  now  our  sovereign  is  often  residing  at  the 
very  same  spot  whence  the  native  Gael  went  forth  last 


S'-'i  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


307 


century  to  risk  their  lives  against  Her  Majesty's  fore- 
fathers, and  yet,  in  all  her  dominions,  she  has  not  more 
loyal;  peaceable,  or  affectionate  subjects  than  the  High- 
landers." 

This  extract  is  taken  from,  the  second  edition  of 
a  recent  work^  entitled  Historical  Proofs  respectinc/ 
the  Gael  of  Alhan,  or  Highlanders  of  Scotlatul, 
published  by  Nimmo,  Edinburgh,  and  Simpkin, 
Marshall  &  Co.,  London.  It  contains  much  in- 
teresting information,  both  antiquarian  and  his- 
torical, in  the  chapter  of  the  Gaelic  topography  of 
Scotland ;  the  true  etymology  of  all  the  names  of 
the  largest  mountains,  rivers,  &c.,  and  many  other 
hundreds  of  names  of  places,  is  given;  and  to  which 
there  is  a  very  perfect  index.  R.  A.  J. 

Bishop  Moj^ttw^  [Mortok  ?]  (3'*  S.  xi.  235.)— 
A  full  account  of  the  bishop  of  whom  Student 
inquires,  may  be  found  in  Godwin  de  Prasulihus, 
ed.  Richardson,  p.  130.  He  was  John  Morton, 
then  Bishop  of  Ely,  but  afterwards  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury ;  and  the  saying  of  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham,  alluded  to,  was  probably  uttered 
by  that  nobleman  while  the  bishop  was  under  his 
wardship  at  Brecon  by  command  of  Richard  III. 

See  also  my  Judges  of  England  (vol.  v.  p.  59), 
where  I  have  given  a  memoir  of  the  bishop,  who 
became  Chancellor  to  Henry  VII. 

Edwaed  Foss. 

Calabke  Ajiess,  Callabke  (3"*  S.  xi.  10.)  — 
In  The  Times  of  Nov.  20,  1866,  I  answered  this 
inquiry,  showing  the  meaning  of  the  word  to  be 
Calabrian  fur,  and  illustrating  it  from  the  cathedral 
muniments  of  Chichester ;  and,  what  was  more  to 
the  purpose,  from  the  custom  of  the  Court  of 
Aldermen  in  London.  Me.  Beislet,  curiously 
enough,  has  overlooked  my  letter. 

Mackenzie  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  F.S.A. 

Monastic  Seal  (3^^  S.  xi.  194.)  —  The  seal  of 
Spalding  Priory  mentioned  by  your  correspondent 
has  on  one  side  the  Virgin  and  Child;  on  the  other, 
the  figure  of  a  bishop,  supposed  to  be  St.  Nicho- 
las, with  right  hand  raised  in  benediction.  Dug- 
dale,  in  his  Monasticon  (vol.  iii.  ed.  1846),  says 
that  Mr.  Maurice  Johnson,  in  a  letter  to  Dr. 
Stukeley,  conjectures  that  the  entire  reading  of 
the  inscription  on  the  first-mentioned  side  must 
have  been  "  S.  Prioris  et  Capituli  Beat*  Marite 
Virginis;"  on  the  other,  "  et  Sancti  Nicholai 
Spalding."  This  he  quotes  from  RcliqtdcB  Galeance 
Bihl.  Top.  Brit.,  num.  ii.  p.  100. 
_  The  seal  (very  imperfect)  is,  as  D.  S.  L.  con- 
siders, attached  to  the  Recognition  of  King  Henry 
VIII.'s  supremacy  preserved  in  the  Chapter  House 
at  Westminster.  This  deed  is  signed  by  Thomas 
Spaldyng,  prior;  Robert  Pynchbek,  sub-prior- 
John  Boston,  senior  master  of  the  chapel ;  and 
eighteen  other  monks,  and  is  dated  July  31,  1534 
Willis  in  his  Mitred  Abbots,  ii.  122'  calls  this 


prior  Thomas  White.  He  appears  to  have  re- 
signed his  office  for  a  small  pension  which  he  en- 
joyed under  the  latter  of  his  names  in  1553. 

John  Piggot,  Jttn^, 

Cleopatra's  Needle  (1»'  S.  iv.  101.)— This 
name  was  evidently  unknown  to  Sandys,  who 
visited  Egypt  in  16i0.     He  describes  it  as  — 

"  ....  an  Hieroglyphicall  Obelisk  of  Thehan  marble, 
as  hard  welnigh  as  Porphyr,  but  of  a  deeper  red,  and 
speckled  alike,  called  Pharos  Needle,  standing  where 
once  stood  the  palace  oi  Alexander :  and  another  lying 
by,  and  like  it,  halfe  buried  in  rubbidge." — 3rd  ed.  p.  114. 

The  following  extract  from  a  note  by  Sir  J.  G. 
Wilkinson,  in  Rawlinson's  Herodotus  (vol.  ii. 
p.  157),  may  interest  your  correspondent :  — 

"The  name  obelisk  is  not  Egyptian  but  Greek,  from 
obelos,  a  '  spit '  .  .  .  .  The  Arabs  call  it  mesdleh,  a  '  pack 
ing-needle.' " 

s.  w.  p. 

Xew  York. 

Napoleon  {^'^  S.  xi.  195, 223.)— There  is  a  story 
relative  to  the  family  name  of  the  Bonapartes  that 
somewhat  excites  cariosity  as  to  the  amount  of 
truth  which  it  may  contain.  In  1798,  when  Na- 
poleon was  secretly  preparing  for  his  descent  upon 
Egypt,  amongst  other  expedients  for  distracting 
and  weakening  the  Porte,  French  emissaries  were 
clandestinely  employed  in  exciting  the  Greeks  in 
Epirus  and  the  Morea  to  revolt.  In  Maina  espe- 
cially (the  ancient  Sparta)  these  agents  were  re- 
ceived with  marked  enthusiasm,  on  the  groimd 
that  Bonaparte  was  born  in  Corsica,  where  num- 
bers of  Greeks  from  that  part  of  the  Morea  had 
found  an  asylum,  after  the  conquest  of  Candia  in 
1669 ;  but  they  were  eventually  expelled  by  the 
Genoese. 

One  of  the  persons  so  employed  by  Napoleon  to 
rouse  the  Greeks  in  1798  was"  named  Stephano- 
poli ;  and  one  of  the  arguments  which  he  used 
was  that  Napoleon  himself  was  a  Greek  in  blood, 
and  a  Mainote  by  birth,  being  descended  from  one 
of  the  exiles  wlio  took  refuge  at  Ajaccio  in  1673. 
The  name  ofthis  family  he  said  "was  Calomeri, 
Ka\o)xepis,  which  the  Corsicans  accommodated  to- 
their  own  dialect  by  translating  it  into  Buona- 
jHirte. 

As  Napoleon  claimed  to  descend  from  a  Floren- 
tine family,  who  figured  in  the  wars  of  the  Guelfs- 
and  the  Ghibelines,  this  story  of  his  Greek  origin 
was  in  all  probability  a  mere  device  of  Stephano- 
poli ;  but  it  is  desirable  to  know  whether  it  has 
ever  been  authoritatively  denied.  The  name  of 
KaAo^spis  1  have  been  told  still  exists  in  the- 
Morea.  J.  Eheeson  Tennent. 

Hymeneal  (3"»  S.  xi.  175.)  —  "A  knife,  dear 
girl,"  &c.,  is  to  be  found  in  one  of  the  poetical 
volumes  of  the  Elegant  Extracts,  the  one  with  the 
short  pieces,  I  think  the  fourth,  and  I  have  a 
notion  that  it  is  by  a  Rev.  Mr.  Brown.  R.  C. 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3''d  S.  XI.  April  13,  '67. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 
The  Ballads  and  Songs  of  Derbyshire.  With  Illustrative 
Notes  and  Examples  of  the  Original  Music,  SfC.  Edited 
by  LleweUpi  Jewitt,  F.S.A.  (J.  Eussell  Smith.) 
It  is  certainly  somewhat  remarkable  that  it  should 
have  been  left  to  Mr.  Llewellj-n  Jewitt  to  gather  together 
the  stores  of  song  to  be  found  in  a  countj'  so  confessedly 
rich  in  Ballad  Literature  as  Derbj'shire.  But  so  it  is ; 
and  we  do  know  whether  Mr.  Jewitt  is  to  be  considered 
especially  fortunate,  or  whether  Derbyshire  collectors  are 
not  rather  the  subject  of  congratulation  that  the  pleasant 
task  of  stringing  together  the  pearls  of  poetry  which  are 
to  be  found  scattered  through  the  Derbyshire  hills  and 
dales,  has  fallen  into  such  zealous  and  able  hands.  In 
the  volume  before  us,  Mr.  Jewitt  has  given  a  selection  of 
upwards  of  fifty  ballads  and  songs,  which  are  more  or 
less  Derbyshire!!  relating  to  Derbyshire  events  or  Derby- 
shire families.  Several  of  these  are  well  known,  but  many 
have  never  before  been  reprinted  from  the  old  broadsides 
and  garlands  in  which  they  ai-e  contained ;  while  others 
have  been  taken  down  from  recitation,  or  copied  from  old 
MSS.,  and  for  the  first  time  invested  with  the  dignity  of 
type.  If  this  volume  is  approved,  and  of  that  there  can 
be  little  doubt,  Mr.  Jewitt  promises  to  publish  a  second,  in 
which  he  proposes  to  include  the  Folk  Lore  and  Tra- 
ditions of  the  County. 
The  Electric  Telegraph  by  Dr.  Lardner.    A  New  Edition, 

revised  and  re-written  by  Edward  B.  Bright,  F.R.A.S. 

With  140  Illustrations.     (Walton.) 

When  we  bear  in  mind  how  everj'body  in  this  countrj^, 
from  peer  to  peasant,  is  benefited  by  the  Electric  Tele- 
graph, a  popular  and  intelligible  account  of  the  origin 
and  present  state  of  telegraphy  cannot  fail  to  be  of  gene- 
ral interest.  The  work  before  us  may  rather  be  called  a 
new  work  than  a  new  edition,  such  advances  has  the  art 
made  since  the  author,  thirteenyears  ago,  assisted  Dr.  Lard- 
ner in  the  original  preparation  of  it.  Among  the  more 
prominent  of  the  new  branches  of  the  subject  treated  of  in 
the  book,  are  the  Atlantic  Telegraph ;  the  line  to  India; 
the  Malta  and  Alexandria,  and  other  important  works ; 
the  greatly  improved  contrivances  for  train-signalling  on 
railways  ;  the  regulation  of  public  clocks  by  electricity  ; 
and  the  system  of  meteorological  signals  and  storm-warn- 
ings introduced  by  the  late  Admiral  Fitzroy.  This  brief 
enumeration  will  show  the  value  and  interest  of  Mr.  Bright's 
labours. 
Handbook  of  Astronomy  by  Dionysius  Lardner,  D.C.L. 

Third  Edition,  revised  and  edited  by  Edwin  Dunkin, 

F.R.S.,  &c.   with    Illustrations  on    Stone    and   Wood. 

(Walton.) 

As  long  as  astronomy  is  held,  as  it  justly  deserves  to 
be,  the  highest  branch 'of  physical  science,  every  well- 
educated  person  must  naturally  desire  to  become  ac- 
quainted with  its  leading  principles  and  the  wonderful 
results  which  flow  from  them  ;  and  a  work  therefore  like 
the  present,  the  purpose  of  which  is  to  lay  before  the 
reader  in  a  clear  and  concise  manner  the  principles  of 
astronomy,  developed  and  demonstrated  in  ordinary  and 
popular  language  capable  of  being  understood  by  those 
who  are  possessed  of  an  average  amount  of  general  know- 
ledge, can  scarcely  fail  of  being  acceptable  to  a  large  body 
of  readers.  In  this  new  edition,  which  has  been  carefully 
revised  by  Mr.  Dunkin,  he  has  added  in  the  Appendix 
abstracts  "of  the  principal  recent  astronomical  discoveries. 
Debrett's  Illustrated  House  of  Commons  and  the  Judicicd 

Bench.     Compiled  and  Edited  by  R.  H.  Mair.     (Dean 

and  Son.) 

An  extremely  useful,  we  might  also  say  indispensable, 


companion  to  the  Debrett's  Peerage  and  Debretfs  Baron- 
etage issued  by  the  same  publishers. 

The  Spenser  Society  has  been  formed  for  the  pur- 
pose of  reprinting  the  rarer  poetical  literature  of  the 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries.  As,  however,  the 
object  is  to  reprint  the  Avorks  of  each  author  in  as  com- 
plete a  form  as  possible,  the  society  would  not  hesitate, 
in  many  instances,  to  include  his  prose  writings  also. 

It  is  proposed  to  produce  the  reprints  in  a  handsome 
form,  adopting  either  similar  tj-pe  and  paper  to  those  of 
Mr  Collier's  reprints,  the  typography  and  paper  of  which 
can  scarcely  be  excelled,  or  the  equally  beautiful  type 
and  paper  of  the  late  Mr.  Pickering's  large-paper  impres- 
sions of  some  of  the  early  dramatists. 

Among  the  earliest  issues  of  the  Society  will  be  the 
works  of  John  Heywood,  several  pieces  by  John  Taylor 
the  water  poet  (not  contained  in  the  printed  folio),  and 
some  rare  tracts  by  Robert  Green. 

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Subscribers  names  received  by  Thomas  Jones,  Esq., 
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a  satisfactory  answer. 

Winton  Domesday  is  a  survey  of  lantis  belonging  to  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor in  Winchester.  We  must  leave  S.'s  other  query  to  the  solution  of 
our  Currespondtnts. 

R.  SsARPB  (.Southampton.)  The  poem  may  be  found  in  A  Chaplet 
of  Verses,  by  Adelaide  A.  Procter,  1862,  p.  106. 

G.  L.  P.  (Chichester.)  Your  copy  of  the  Eikon  Basilik^,  1648,  ts  one 
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366,  4H,  5O0. 

P.  Thomson.  The  notice  of  Villemarqu^'s  Bardes  Bretons  appeared 
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E   MONUMENT   D'UN   FRAN^AIS   A 

I    SHAKESPEARE.    Par  le  CHEVALIER  DE  CUATELAIN. 
"  What  d'ye  think  of  that,  my  Cat  ? 
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C.  de  C. 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Srd  S.  XI.  April  20,  '67. 


NOTICE.— Second  Edition  now  ready,  in  3  vols.,  Svo, 

MEMOIRS  of  the  LIFE  and  REIGN  of  KING 
GEORGE  the  THIRD.     With  Original  Letters  of  the  King 
and  other  unpublished  MSS.    By  J.  HENEAGE  JESSE,  Author  of 
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'•  The  very  nature  of  his  subject  has  given  these  volumes  peculiar  in- 
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Daily  j\eu:s. 

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X.    told  in  detail  for  the  first  time, 

By  HENRY  VIZETELLY. 

Illustrated  with  an  exact  representation  of  the  Diamond  Necklace, 

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Tine  Ancient  Prints,  &,c. 

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condition  and  finest  proof  states ;  an  excellent  complete  copy  of 
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Drawings  of  the  Early  EngUsh  School  of  Water  Colour. 
13  &  14,  PALL  MALL  EAST.  S."5V. 
AprU  3, 186?. 


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pILBERT  J.  FRENCH,  BOLTON,  LANCA- 

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ESSRS.  GABRIEL,  56,  Harley  Street,  Cavendish 

Square  CEstablished  1815).    The  Patentees  of 
OSTEO    EIDON, 

the  improved  flexible  base  for  Artificial  Teeth  without  Springs  ;  fitted 
without  the  extraction  of  any  stumps,  and  affording  support  to  remain- 
ing teeth. 

Messrs.  Gabriel's  Addresses  are  66  (late  27),  Harley  Street,  Caven- 
dish Square,  W.,  and  64.  Ludgate  Hill  (near  Railway  Bridge),  City;  at 
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.JEWELLERY— Specialities  in  Monograms,  Crys- 
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Artists, 
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at  3s.  6d.,  6s.,  and  lis.  each. 

MR.  HOWARD,  Surgeon-Dentist,  52,  Fleet  Street, 
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TEETH,  fixed  without  springs,  wires,  or  ligatures;  they  so  perfectly 
resemble  the  natural  ttcth  as  not  to  be  distinguished  from  the  original 
by  the  closest  observer  :  they  will  never  change  colour  or  decoy,  and 
will  be  found  verv  superior  to  any  teeth  ever  before  used.  This  method 
does  notTequire  the  extraction  of  roots  or  any  painful  operation,  and 
will  support  and  preserve  teeth  that  are  loose,  and  is  guaranteed  to 
restore  articulation  and  mastication.  Decayed  teeth  stopped  and  ren- 
dered sound  and  useful  in  mastication — 52,  Fleet  Street.  At  home 
from  ten  till  five.— Consultations  free. 


WHITE   and  SOUND    TEETH —JEWSBURY 
&  BROWN'S  ORIENTAL  TOOTH  PASTE.    EstabUshed  by 
40  years'  experience  as  the  best  preservative  for  the  Teeth  and  Gums. 
The  original  and  only  genuine.  Is.  6c?.  and  2s.  6d.  per  pot. 
113,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER  ; 
And  by  Agents  throughout  the  Kingdom  and  Colonies. 


3"i s.  XL  apkil  20,  '67.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


309 


LONDOK,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  20,  1S67. 


COXTEXTS— N"  277. 

NOTES  :  —  Scotch   Jacobite  Letters,  SOD  —  Remarkable 

LoHicevity  iu  Leicestershire,  310  —  FHut  Jack  —  Epitaphs 

—Declension  of  a  Heretic— Reading  in  Shelley's  "  Cloud" 

—  Parsley  — Seal  of  the  last  King  of  Georgia,  310. 
QUEE,IES:  — Australian  Author— Campodunum  of  Bede 

—  Oaveac  —  Dorchester  House  —  Esquires  —  "  Evangeli- 
cal Magazine  "  — Bishop  Hay  — Portrait  of  Robert  Keith 

—  Mousquetaires  —  Names  wanted  —  Probate  Court  of 
Lincoln  — Curious  Legend:  Ring  of  Espousals  received 
from  our  Saviour  by  a  Pious  Maiden  —  Regimental  Court 
Martial  —  Family  of  Roberts  —  Bibliography  of  Tobacco- 
Sir  James  Wood's  Regiment  —  Virgil  and  Singing  of  Birds 

—  Vondel  —  Topographical  Queries,  312. 

Queries  with  Answers  :  — Records  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland  —  Kentish  Topography  —  Songs  —  Scots  Money 

—  Lines  on  the  Eucharist  —  De  Foe  :  The  True  Born  Eng- 
lishman :  Banks  —  Picture-cleaning :  Print-collecting  — 
"In  the  last  Ditch"  — Swan  Marks  —  Myvyrian  MSS.: 
"Of  a  noble  Race  was  Shenkin"  —  Ossian,  314. 

REPLIES:  — The  Bayeux  Tapestry:  Wadard,  316  —  Writ- 
ings on  the  Pre-Existeuce  of  Souls,  317  —  The  Oldest 
Volunteer:  Dr.  Cyrd  Jackson,  319  — Felton's  Dagger,  320 

—  The  Caledonian  Hunt's  Delight,  &c.,  321— Alphabet 
Bells,  322  —  Christopher  Collins —Quotations  wanted  — 
"When  Adam  delved,"  &c. —Needle's  Eye  —  Campano- 
logy :  Old  Bell  at  Ornolac  —  Drinking  Tobacco  —  Sir  W. 
Arnott  —  Crossing  the  Line  —  "  As  dead  as  a  Door-nail " 

—  Candle-making:  Gas  — Horns  in  German  Heraldry  — 
John  Search— Cromwell  Family  — Arms  in  a  Psalter — 
"  Penny  Magazine  "  —  Love  Charms  —  Music  of  "  La  Mar- 
seillaise"—Nathaniel  Deering— The  Winton  Domesday 

—  Vowel  Changes :  a,  aw  —  Anonymous :  "  The  Sea  Piece  " 

—  "  Thanks,"  &c.,  323. 
Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


SCOTCH  JACOBITE  LETTERS. 

So  far  as  I  am  aware,  the  two  letters  which 
follow  are  now  printed  for  the  first  time.  The 
originals,  from  which  I  copied  them,  were  lent  to 
me  by  the  late  Rev.  Mr.  L.  W.  Grant,  parish 
minister  of  Boyndie,  Banffshire,  who  got  them 
from  a  kinsman  in  Strathspey.  As  Mr.  Grant's 
effects  were  sold  by  public  roup  soon  after  his 
death,  probably  the  original  letters  were  disposed 
of  at  that  time.  Possibly  some  correspondent  of 
"_N.  &  Q."  may  be  able  to  throw  light  upon  the 
history  of  the  more  obscure  of  the  persons  and  cir- 
cumstances mentioned  in  these  letters,  which 
would  much  oblige :  — 

Letter  I. 
Earl  Mar  to  John  Gordon  of  Glenbucket. 

"Mulen,  Sep.  igtii  at  night,  1715. 
"  Sir,— 

I  cannot  express  to  you  the  surprise  and  concern  I 
am  in  at  Lf*  Huntlys  delaying  the  sending  of  his  men  so 
long.  I  have  wrote  to  him  again,  but  what  can  I  say 
more  than  I  did  formerly  and  how  farr  has  that  pre- 
vailed ? 

"  The  Athole  people  have  behaved  noblely  in  spitt  of 
the  Duke,  and  L''  Tullibardin  has  done  the  King  real 
and  effectuall  service  ;  we  shall  have  the  whole  men  of 
this  country  to  morow  and  the  Duke  left  alone.  Wou'd 
his  men  have  obey'd  him,  he  designed  to  have  intercepted 
my  passage,  so  you  may  judge  what  danger  I  was  iu  by 
the  people  not  joining  me  I  expected.  I  am  oblidg'd  to  you 


for  yr  concern  and  Zeal,  and  I  know  you  will  do  all  you 
can  to  forward  people.  I'll  be  still  in  hopes  of  seeing 
jovL  soon  w'  a  goodly  company,  and  I  still  wish  1,^ 
Huntly  would  send  his  highland  men  streight  here  ;  but 
by  the  delaj'  I  fear  he  will  not,  should  anything  happen 
a  miss  to  us  here  by  it,  he  wou'd  repent  of  it  when  it 
would  be  too  late.  1  wvote  to  you. by  Inverechie,  w<='^ 
I  hope  you  got,  w<=i»  is  all  I  have  time  now  to  ssij,  but 
let  me  hear  from  you  again  immediaitly,  and  I  am. 
Good  John  Glenbuckat, 

"  Y",  &c.  Mae, 
"  All  Angus  are  to  be  at  Perth  this  week,  y^"^  should 
rouse  other  people,  and  all  the  gentelmeu  of  Perth  and 
Stirling  there  are  in  amies  already.     Dispatch  the  in- 
closed immediatly  bv  a  quiet  and  sure  hand. 
[Indorsed]  "  Lre  Erie  Mar, 
19  Sept.  1715." 

II. —  G,  Lines  to  General  Gordon  of  Glenbucket, 
"  Hond  Dr  S--,— 

"  Last  night  I  had  y'«  of  9  June,  and  as  j'ou  are 
curious  for  news  about  The  prince,  I  must  tell  you  that 
last  post  from  Rome  brought  above  twenty  letters  assur- 
ing that  H.  R.  H.  did  latly  cast  up  at  Venice,  whence  he 
immediatly  wrot  to  the  King  then  at  Albano,  who  im- 
mediatly returned  to  Rome  with  the  Duke,  and  after  a 
long  conference  with  the  pope,  it  was  concluded  that  The 
prince  should  repair  to  Ferrara  or  Bologna.  Some  of  the 
letters  assuring  this  are  from  men  of  the  best  intelligence 
in  Rome,  who  would  never  give  out  such  news  so  con- 
fidently, unless  they  were  positivly  true.  Yet  we  have 
scepticks  here  who  want  them  confirmed.  I'm  sure  you 
could  not  be  glader  to  receive,  than  I  was  to  transmit 
you  the  accounts  of  your  gratification  [?]  q'*  I  shall  pay 
\ij  your  order  to  M.  Haj'  vpon  sight.  I  wonder  I  have 
no  letters  from  Hallhead  nor  Coabardie,  to  whom  M. 
Gordon  and  I  wrot  as  soon  as  to  you.  There  was  no  need 
of  your  being  so  exact  in  the  triflle  you  owd  me,  which 
was  always  at  j-our  service  so  long  as  you  pleas'd,  tho'  it 
had  been  much  more.  I  don't  look  upon  you  as  an  or- 
dinary' person,  your  age,  and  long  distinguished  services, 
with  many  other  considerations,  do  require  a  particular 
regard  to  be  had  for  you.  I'm  very  sorj'  for  my  friend 
Lochgarrie's  case.  It  seems  he  must  be  strangely  altered 
from  what  I  saw  him.  He  does  ill  to  let  himself  be  so 
dejected  ;  and  I  can't  but  commend  j'ou  mightily  for 
keeping  up  as  you  do.  Both  of  you  certainly  are  much 
in  the  right  in  going  to  such  a  cheap  place  as  you  men- 
tion. It  were  telling  severals  we  have  here  in  a  real! 
starving  condition  They  had  taken  such  a  wise  course 
so  long  as  they  had  whermth  all  to  do  it,  wheras  now  it 
is  past  time,  they  having  neither  subsistence  here  nor  to 
go  elsewhere.  Tho'  our  great  list  be  compos'd  of  near 
ninety  persons,  yet  all  the  Court  has  [been]  gratified  by 
the  list  given  me  [which]  is  only  fourteen  persons,  ^ith 
promises  to  do  for  ware  in  a  short  time.  I  Avrat  to  evry 
one  of  the  fourteen  that  were  not  in  reach  of  me,  and  I'll 
surely  do  the  same  without  losing  a  moment  to  evry  one 
that  anything  shall  be  alloted  to  herafter  ;  and  thispray 
tell  them  from  me,  as  occasion  shal  ofi"er,  that  you  either 
see  or  write  to  them.  Do  what  we  will,  or  say  what  we 
will,  the  Court  will  take  its  o%vn  method  with  us.  'Tis 
very  hard  your  Daughters  should  meet  with  such  unna- 
tural usage  at  home ;  but  I  believe  the  natures  of  our 
folks  at  home  are  become  generally  as  ill  turned  as  the 
times  we  live  iu.  Could  I  possibly  think  on  any  place 
for  these  young  gentlewomen  to  be  received  in  at  an  easy 
rate,  I  would  most  readily  acquaint  you  :  but  realj'  at 
present,  I  know  not  one  single  place,  especially  for  a  stran- 
ger, but  is  most  unaccountably  dear.  The  heavy  taxa- 
tion on  communities  of  all  kinds  being  exhorbitant,  These 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [3rd  s. xi.  Apkil  20, 


difiSculties  are  the  less  to  be  wondered  at.     However,  to 
serve  you,  I  shall  use  mj-  utmost  diligence  and  enquirj-, 
so  as  nothing  at  least  shall  be  wanting  on  my  side.  Mean- 
while, I  am  most  respectfully  and  sincerely, 
"  My  dear  and  worthy  Sir, 

"  your  most  obedient 

"  humble  Servant, 
"  Paris,  li  June,  1749.  "  G.  Innes. 

"All  y  friends  here  offer  you  and  Lochgarry  their 
most  humble  service. 
[Addressed] 

"  A  Monsieur 

Monsieur  Le,  General  Gordon 

de  Glenbuket  a  Boulogne  sur  Mer 

Kecommande  au^Maitre  des  postes 

A  Boulogne  sur  Mer." 

A.J. 


REMARKABLE  LONGEVITY  IX  LEICESTER- 
SHIRE. 

The  Leicester  Chronicle  of  February  23,  in  its 
column  of  ''  Deaths  "  in  this  town  and  neighbour- 
hood, contained  thirty-five  announcements,  of 
which  no  less  than  twelve,  or  more  than  one- 
third,  were  those  of  persons  who  had  attained 
eighty  years  of  age  or  upwards.  Of  these,  two 
were  eighty,  one  eighty-two,  two  eighty-three, 
one  eighty-four,  four  eighty-five,  one  eighty-six, 
and  one  had  reached  the  great  age  of  ninety- 
seven  ;  whilst  the  Leicester  Advertiser  of  the  same 
day  contained  a  notice  of  the  death  of  a  female  at 
the  age  of  ninety-three. 

One  curious  incident  is  recorded  in  these  an- 
nouncements— viz.  the  deaths  "about  the  same 
hour  "  of  two  sisters,  one  aged  eighty-five,  and 
the  other  eighty-six. 

The  chief  interest,  however,  is  attached  to  the 
age  of  the  person  (a  Mr.  William  Dale)  recorded 
as  having  attained  within  three  years  of  a  century, 
and  I  have  been  accidentally  enabled  to  investi- 
gate the  facts  with  the  following  result :  — 

A  son  of  the  deceased,  in  reply  to  my  inquiries 
as  to  the  evidence  of  his  father's  age,  placed  in 
my  hands  the  indenture  of  his  apprenticeship ; 
from  which  it  appeared  that  William  Dale  (the 
deceased),  son  of  William  Dale  of  Sileby,  county 
Leicester,  was  apprenticed  to  John  Dale  of  the 
same  place,  framework-knitter,  on  September  25, 
26  Geo.  III.  (1786),  iovjive  years :  thus  implying 
that  he  was  then  sixteen  years  of  age  (which,  it 
is  said,  he  always  stated  was  the  case),  and  con- 
sequently that  he  really  was  ninety-seven  years 
old  at  his  death.  Wishing,  however,  to  ascertain 
the  fact  as  clearly  as  possible,  I  have  been  in- 
debted to  the  vicar  of  Sileby,  with  whom  I  happen 
to  be  acquainted,  for  a  search  of  the  parish  reo'is- 
ter  of  baptisms,  and  the  following  extract  from 
it:  — 

"  1772,  April  19.  William,  son  of  William  and  Dorothy 
Dale." 


From  this  it  would  appear  that  the  deceased 
was  only  ninety-five  instead  of  ninety-seven  at  his 
death,  but  his  apprenticeship  would  not  be  likely 
to  have  terminated  in  his  nineteenth  year,  as,  in 
that  case,  it  must  have  done ;  and,  as  the  reverend 
gentleman  remarks,  "  he  may  have  been  baptized 
out  of  infancy,"  adding  the  following  parallel  in- 
stance from  the  same  register :  — 

"  Baptismal  Register. 
"Aprils,   1763.  John;   Samuel;  and  Thomas,  sons  of 
Walter  and  Elizabeth  Preston.     His  being  placed  second 
shows  he  was  not  the  youngest  child  when  three  A\-er& 
baptized. 

"  Burial  Register. 
"  Samuel  Preston,  Dec.  14, 1858,  aged  97.  He  was  said 
to  be  nearly  98." 

The  probability  is  that  William  Dale  was  really 
ninety-seven  at  his  death  ;  but,  at  all  events,  it  is 
clearly  established  that  he  was  at  least  ninety-five 
years  of  age. 

The  Leicester  Chronicle  contained  a  biographical 
notice  of  Mr.  Dale,  from  which  the  following  par- 
ticulars are  extracted :  — 

"  He  was  a  framework-knitter,  and  made  up  his  own 
goods,  which  he  regularly  hawked,  chiefly  in  Lincoln- 
shire, touching  on  bordering  counties.  He  was  remark- 
ably healthy  and  strong,  scarcely  seeming  to  feel  at  any 
time  physical  exhaustion,  and  often  when  returned  from 
a  long  round  he  would  go  to  the  frame.  He  carried  on 
his  back  for  a  number  of  years  the  goods  he  had  to  sell, 
and  once  walked  from  Leicester  to  Uppingham  with  a  hun- 
dredweight of  hosiery  on  his  shoulders  without  stopping. 
He  usually  attended  the  markets  of  those  towns  where 
they  were  held,  visiting  the  public-houses  in  the  evening. 
He  always  made  a  point  of  living  well,  and  taking  a  pipe 
and  glass,  finishing  up  whenever  out  hawking  with 
'threepenny-worth  of  rum  and  water.'  He  smoked, 
chewed,  took  snuff,  and  was  very  fond  of  a  cup  of  tea, 
but  never  was  drunk  in  his  life,  according  to  the  testi- 
mony of  his  family  and  acquaintance.  He  was  twice 
married  ;  he  had  nine  children  by  his  first,  and  thirteen 
by  his  second  wife.  He  left  thirtj^-nine  grandchildren  and 
several  great-grandchildren  ....  He  kept  up  his  hawk- 
ing rounds  till  about  nine  3'ears  ago  ....  He  worked  at 
the  frame  also  till  he  could  scarcely  discern  the  needles. 
Latterly,  by  degrees,  milk  was  substituted  for  his  glass 
of  ale,  and  a  '  bit  of  rock '  for  his  quid  ....  He  kept 
about  till  within  three  days  of  his  departure,  and  eat 
his  breakfast  as  usual  the  last  day  of  his  life.  No  disease 
hastened  his  end — the  candle  was  burnt  out." 

William  Kelly. 

Leicester. 


Flint  Jack. — The  following  (now  going  the- 
round  of  the  London  and  provincial  press)  is  so 
intimately  connected  with  the  speciality  of  many 
who  read  "  N.  &  Q.,"  that  it  may  claim  insertion 
as  a  matter  of  precaution  against  the  tricks  of 
such  impostors,  and  ought  to  be  put  on  record  in 
a  storehouse  where  those  most  interested  may  see 
it.  With  these  convictions,  it  has  been  forwarded 
by  M.  C. 


3rd  S.  XI.  April  20,  67.  j 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


311 


"  A  notorious  Yorkshireman — one  of  the  greatest  im- 
postors of  modern  times — was  last  week  sentenced  to 
twelve  months'  imprisonment  for  felony  at  Bedford.  The 
prisoner  gave  the  name  of  Edward  Jackson,  but  his  real 
name  is  Edward  Simpson,  of  Sleights,  Whitby,  although 
he  is  equally  well-known  as  John  Wilson,  of  Burlington, 
and  Jerry  Taylor,  of  Billery-dale,  Yorkshire  Moors  :  — 

'  Probably  no  man  is  wider  known  than  Simpson  is 
under  his  aliases  in  various  districts — viz.  "  Old  Anti- 
quarian," "  Fossil  Will}',"  "  Bones,"  "  Shirtless,"  "  Cock- 
ney Bill,"  and  '•  Flint  Jack,"  the  latter  name  universally. 
Under  one  or  other  of  these  designations  Edward  Simp- 
son is  known  throughout  England,  Scotland,  and  Ire- 
land—  in  fact,  wherever  geologists  or  archaeologists 
resided,  or  wherever  a  museum  was  established,  there  did 
Flint  Jack  assuredly  pass  off  his  forged  fossils  and  anti- 
quities. For  nearly  thirty  years  this  extraordinary  man 
has  led  a  life  of  imposture.  During  that  period  he  has 
"tramped"  the  kingdom  through,  repeatedly  vending 
spurious  fossils,  Eoman  and  British  urns,  fibulte,  coins, 
flint  arrow-heads,  stone  celts,  stone  hammers,  adzes,  &c., 
flint  hatchets,  seals,  rings,  leaden  antiques,  manuscripts, 
Roman  armour,  Roman  milestones,  jet  seals  and  neck- 
laces, and  numerous  other  forged  antiquities.  His  great 
field  was  the  North  and  East  Ridings  of  Yorkshire — 
Whitby,  Scarborough,  Burlington,  Malton,  and  York 
being  the  chief  places  where  he  obtained  his  flint  or  made 
his  pottery.  Thirty  years  ago  he  was  an  occasional  ser- 
vant of  the  late  Dr.  Young,  the  historian,  of  Whitby, 
from  whom  he  acquired  his  knowledge  of  geology  and 
archxologj',  and  for  some  years  after  the  doctor's  death 
he  led  an  honest  life  as  a  collector  of  fossils  and  a  helper 
in  archaeological  investigations.  He  imbibed,  however, 
a  liking  for  drink,  and  he  admits  that  from  that  cause 
his  life  for  twenty  years  past  has  been  one  of  great 
misery.  To  supply  his  cravings  for  liquor  he  set  about 
the  forging  of  both  fossils  and  antiquities  about  twent}'- 
three  years  ago,  when  he  "  squatted  "  in  the  clay  cliffs  of 
Bridlington  Bay,  but  subsequently  removed  to  the  -w'oods 
of  Stainton-dale,  where  he  set  up  a  pottery  for  the  manu- 
facture of  British  and  other  urns,  and  flint  and  stone  im- 
plements, with  which  he  gulled  the  antiquaries  of  the 
three  kingdoms.  In  1859,  during  one  of  his  trips  to 
London,  Flint  Jack  was  charged  by  Professor  Tennant 
with  the  forgery  of  antiquities.  He  confessed,  and  was 
introduced  on  the  platform  of  various  societies,  and  ex- 
hibited the  simple  mode  of  his  manufacture  of  spurious 
flints.  From  that  time  his  trade  became  precarious,  and 
Jack  sunk  deeper  and  deeper  into  habits  of  dissipation, 
until  at  length  he  became  a  thief,  and  was  last  week  con- 
victed on  two  counts  and  sent  to  prison  for  twelve 
months.'  " 

Epitaphs. — The  following  I  copied  from  a  brass 
in  Great  Waltliam  Church,  Essex,  c.  1600  :  — 
"  Who  lyste  to  see  and  knowe  himself, 
May  loke  uppon  this  glasse. 
And  wey  the  beaten  pathes  of  death 

Which  he  shall  one  daye  pas. 
Which  way  Thomas  Wyseman 

With  patient  mynde  hath  gonne. 
Whose  bodye  here  as  death  hath  charged 

Lyeth  covered  with  this  stonne. 
Thus  dust  to  dust  is  brought  againe, 

The  earth  shee  hath  her  owne  ; 

•  This  shall  the  last  of  all  men  be, 

Befoure  the  trump  be  blowen." 

JoH:y  Pig  GOT,  3xrs. 
The  following   quatrain  is    engraved   on  the 


tombstone  of  Clement  Harding,  Bachelor  of 
Laws,  in  the  church  of  Sancta  Crux,  Westgate, 
Canterbury :  — 

"  Multorum  causas  defendere  quisque  solebat 
Hanc  mortis  causam  evadere  non  potuit : 
Doctus  et  indoctus  moritur :  sic  respice  finem, 
Ut  bene  discedas,  quisquis  es  ista  legens." 

E.  L.  S. 

Declension  of  a  Heretic.  —  It  is  well  known 
that  our  old   controvertists  were   by  no  means 
complimentary  on  either   side.      The   following 
amusing  specimen  occurs  in  a  very  old  treatise, 
printed  in  1582,   and   entitled  A  Defence  of  the 
Censure  gyven  upon  Two  Books  of  WUliam  Charke 
and  Meredith  Hanmer,  Mynysters ;  and  is  called — 
"  A  true  declynynge  of  a  nowne  Heretike. 
"  The  Singular  number. 
In  the  Nominative  or  first  case,  he  is  Proiode, 
In  the  Genetive  case  he  growethe  31alepert. 
In  the  Datyve  case  he  becometh  a  Liar. 
An       I  In  the  Accusative  case  he  waxethe  Obstinate. 
Heretike  '  In  the  Vocative,  or  preaching  case,  he  is  Sedi- 
tious. 
In  the  Ablative,  or  endinge  case,  hee  proveth 
aw  Atheist,  or  els  a  Lyhertine. 
The  Plural  number, 
In  both  genders,  Impudent,  throughowte  all  cases." 
The  book  ends  abruptly  at  p.  173,  with  ^the 
following  notice :  — 

"  Heere  the  Aiithour  was  interrupted  b3'-  a  Writte  de 
removendo,  so  as  he  could  not  for  this  present  passe  on 
any  farther :  as  more  at  large  is  shewed  at  the  begin- 
nincT)  in  an  epistle  to  M.  Charke." 

F.  C.H. 

[Our  correspondent  may  not  be  aware  that  this  choice 
specimen  of  odium  theologicuvi  is  from  the  pen  of  a  pro- 
vincial of  the  Jesuits  in  England,  one  Robert  Parsons,  or 
Persons,  alias  Cowbuck.  In  reply  to  it  appeared  the  fol- 
lowing work  : — "  A  Treatise  against  the  Defense  of  the 
Censure  given  upon  the  bookes  of  W.  Charke  and  M. 
Hanmer  by  an  unknowne  popish  traytor  in  maintenance 
of  the  seditious  challenge  of  Edm.  Campian,  lately  con- 
demned and  executed  for  High  Treason."  Cambridge, 
1586,  8vo.— Ed.] 

Eeading  in  Shelley's  "  Cloud."  —  Shelley's 
little  poem  ''The  Cloud"  is  constantly  selected 
for  insertion  in  the  books  of  poetry  that  appear 
from  time  to  time ;  and  as  these  books,  or  their 
editors,  generally  copy  from  one  another,  a  mis- 
print in  this  poem  has  been  perpetuated  and  pro- 
pagated in  a  most  unfortunate  way.  The  fifth 
and  sixth  lines  are  usually  printed  thus  :  — 

"  From  my  wings  are  shaken  the  dews  that  waken 
The  sweet  birds  every  one." 

I  find  this  reading  in  the  last  publication  of  the 
kind,  Mr.  Mackay's  Thousand  and  one  Gems  of 
English  Poetry ;  and  I  have  seen  it  in  many 
others  too  numerous  to  mention.  The  real  read- 
ing, as  any  one  must  see  who  studies  the  context, 
is  hids  instead  of  birds.  The  poet  has  in  the  first 
four  lines  spoken  oith-Qjloivers  and  the  leaves,  and 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XI.  April  20,  '67. 


liere  he  speaks  of  the  buds.  It  would  he  a  new 
fact  in  natural  history  that  ''  dews  waken  birds." 
It  would  he  a  good  deed  to  try  and  stop  this 
printer's  perversion  of  a  poet's  thought. 

G.  R.  K. 

Paeslet.  —  There  is  a  singular  expression  of 
enmity  which  I  have  heard  used  by  colonial 
negroes,  and  even  in  England,  which  has  some- 
thing ''classical"  about  it.  In  the  former  case  it 
could  scarcely  have  been  an  African  importation, 
and  in  the  latter  could  not  be  of  much  antiquity, 
considering  that  the  herb  hi  question  is  said  to 
have  been  introduced  from  Sardinia  so  late  as  the 
fifteenth  century.  The  expression  is :  "I  hope  I 
may  eat  parsley  off  your  grave." 

Horace  more  than  once  alludes  to  this  plant  — 
"  Xeu  desint  epulis  roste  Neu  vivax  ajnmn " 
{Carm.  i.  xxxvi.  15) ;  and  again  in  Carm.  rr.  vii. 
24  and  iv.  xi.  3. 

I  have  a  faint  recollection  of  having  read  that 
parsley  was  used  at  Roman  funeral  ceremonies, 
and  was  sacred  to  Mars  or  the  Parcfe.  Be  this 
as  it  may,  the  derivation  of  the  word  hampetro- 
selinum  seems  scarcely  satisfactor}-. 

"  Ajiio  opus  est,"  was  said  of  a  person  in  articido 
mortis,  in  allusion  to  the  Greek  custom  of  plant- 
ing this  herb  on  graves.  Sp. 

Seal  of  the  last  Kma  oy  Geoegia.  —  The 
last  king  of  Georgia  gave  his  seal  to  a  clergyman 
long  resident  m  Russia,  who  allowed  me  to  copy 
the  following  account  and  description,  and  at  the 
same  time  gave  me  an  impression  of  the  seal :  — 

"  Constantine  Porphyrogenitus,  De  Administratione 
Imperii,  cap.  45,  says  that  the  kings  of  Georgia  were  de- 
scended from  the  prophet  Daniel,  and  left  Jerusalem 
about  the  year  500  after  Christ.  The  first  of  the  dynasty 
■was  Gyram,  or  Hiram  Bragation,  -who,  haWng  been 
adopted  by  Stephen,  the  last  sovereign  of  the  Sassanides, 
was  confirmed  on  the  throne  by  the  Emperor  Justinian 
II.,  under  the  title  of  Curopalata.  He  and  his  descend- 
ants bore  the  title  of  Son  of  Jesse,  David,  and  Solomon. 

"  The  arms  on  the  seal  are  sunnounted  by  the  crown 
of  Georgia.  The  shield  has  for  supporters  the  lions  of 
the  throne  of  Solomon.  On  the  dexter  side  are  the  seam- 
less coat  of  Jesus  Christ,  which  feU  to  the  lot  of  Elios,  a 
Georgian  soldier,  at  the  cnicifixion  ;  and  below  it  the 
harp  of  David. 

"  Down  the  middle  are  the  sword,  sceptre,  and  globe  of 
Georgia,  St.  George,  the  patron  of  Georgia,  combating 
the  dragon,  the  scales  of  justice  of  Solomon,  and  the 
throne  of  Solomon.  On  the  sinister  side,  the  tower  of 
the  cathedral  of  Mtsketha,  the  metropolitan  church  of 
Georgia,  built  where  Elios  buried  the  seamless  coat";  and 
below  this  is  the  sling  of  David." 

F.  C.  H. 


AtJSTRALiAisr  Author.  —  W.  Jaffrey,  author  of 
a  translation  from  the  German  of  The  Gladiator 
of  Ravenna,  a  drama,  acted  I  think  at  Melbourne, 
1865.     Can  anv  Australian  reader  inform  me  if 


Mr.  Jaffrey  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  or  give  further 
particulars  regarding  the  author  and  his  works  ? 

R.  1. 
CAMP0Dij:s'rii  OF  Bede.  —  In  the  summary  of 
the  fifth  day's  proceedings  of  the  General  Meet- 
ing of  the  Archseological  Institute  of  Great  Bri- 
tain and  Ireland,  held  at  York  in  July,  1846,  a 
paper  was  read  on  ''  The  Site  of  the  Campodu- 
num  of  Bede,"  by  W.  C.  Copperthwaite,  Esq. ; 
but  as  it  does  not  form  part  of  the  volumes  of 
Ilemoirs,  I  am  anxious  to  know  if  the  paper  was 
printed  in  any  other  collection,  and  where  it  is  to 
be  found  ?  If  this  query  should  meet  the  eye  of 
Mr.  Copperthwaite,  I  hope  he  will  allow  me  to 
write  to  him.  Geoege  Lloxd,  Clerk,  F.S.A. 
Darlington, 

Caveac. — There  is  a  masonic  lodge,  under  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  England,  called  the  Caveac 
Lodge.  From  what  can  this  name  be  derived  ? 
It  is  pronounced  Ca-ve-ac. 

The  warrant  was  granted  nearly  a  hundred 
years  ago  on  May  21,  1768,  by  the  Duke  of 
Richmond,  Grand  Master,  at  the  Caveac  Lodge, 
jSTo.  424,  to  Jno.  Maddocks,  Henry  Adams,  — 
Vaughan,  ifcc,  of  Hammersmith,  in  the  county  of 
Middlesex,  to  be  held  at  the  Windsor  Castle,  in 


the  town  of  Hammersmith. 


C.  H, 


DoECHESTEE  HorsE,  —  Where  was  Dorchester 
House  in  Westminster,  anno  1640  ?  Was  it  in 
Covent  Garden  ?    To  whom  did  it  belong  ?       C. 

Esquires. — Upon  what  authority  do  members 
of  Societies  incorporated  by  Royal  Charter  claim 
the  title  of  Esquire  ?  G.  W.  M. 

"Evangelical  Magazen'E." — Can  any  of  your 
numerous  readers  inform  me  who  are  authors  of 
the  undernamed  early  contributions  to  this  perio- 
dical ? — 1.  "Dialogues  of  the  Blessed,"  by  S.  C. 
in  1804.  2.  ''A  Poem,  Pastoral  Dialogue,"  by 
G.  M.,  in  1805.  3.  ''George  and  his  Father,  a 
Conversation,"  by  Nemo,  in  1806.  4.  "  Dialogue 
between  Gibbon  and  a  Quondam  Reviewer,"  Anon., 
in  1825,  pp.  231-4.  5,  "  The.  Importance  of  Piin- 
ciple  5  Dialogue,"  Anon.,  in  1827,  pp.  467-9. 

R.  L 

Bishop  Hat.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  refer 
me  to  a  biographical  memoir  of  the  Right  Rev. 
Dr.  George  Hay,  a  Scottish  Catholic  prelate,  who 
died  at  the  commencement  of  the  present  centmy  ? 
In  the  CatlioUc  Directory  for  1867,  p.  10,  it  is 
stated  that  he  was  born  at  Edinburgh  in  August, 
1729;  nominated  coadjutor  to  Bishop  Grant, 
Mcar  Apostolic  of  the  Lowland  District  of  Scot- 
land, Oct.  8,  1763  ;  consecrated  Bisbop  of  Daulia, 
in  Achaia,  May  21,  1729  (an  obvious  error),  at 

Scalau  in  Banffshire  by  Bishop ;  succeeded  as 

fourth  vicar  apostolic  of  the  Lowland  District, 


3'^'!  S.  XI.  April  20,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


313 


1778;  resigned  the  episcopal  vicariate  Aug.  24, 
1805 ;  aud  died  at  Aquliorties,  Aberdeenshire, 
Oct.  lo,  1811.  In  the  Gentlevians  Magazine  for 
Dec.  1811,  his  death  is  thus  briefly  recorded  :  — 

"  At  Aquhorties,  parish  of  Inveraiy,  aged  83,  Eev.  Dr. 
George  Hay,  fortj^- eight  years  titular  Roman  Catholic 
Bishop  of  Scotland." 

The  only  -vvorks  by  Bishop  Hay  which  I  have 
seen  are  — 

"  The  Devout  Christian  instructed  in  the  Faith  of 
Christ.  By  the  Right  Reverend  Dr.  George  Hay."  2  vols. 
12mo.     London  and  Derby,  1843.* 

"  An  Inquiry  whether  Salvation  can  be  had  without 
true  faith,  andout  of  the  communion  of  that  one  only 
Church  established  by  Christ ;  with  remarks  on  commvi- 
nicating  in  religion  with  those  who  are  separated  from 
the  Church  of  Christ ;  and  a  brief  Description  of  Hell. 
Bv  the  Right  Rev.  George  Hay."  18mo.  London  and 
Derby,  1856. 

Both  the  above  seem  to  be  reprints.  When 
and  where  did  the  original  editions  appear? 

There  is  in  the  British  Museum  a  work  en- 
titled — 

"  An  Explication  of  the  Holy  Sacrifice  of  the  Mass. 
By  G.  H.  With  proper  Devotions  for  assisting  at  the 
same.  Taken  from  Mr.  Gother's  second  Method."  12mo, 
London,  1779. 

Was  Bishop  Hay  the  author  of  this  ? 

Thompson  Cooper,  F.S.A. 

PoETEAiT  OF  RoBERT  Keith. — ^In  Bishop  Rus- 
seU's  History  of  the  Church  in  Scotland  (vol.  i.), 
an  engraved  portrait  is  given  of  Robert  Keith, 
author  of  the  Historical  Catalogue  of  Scottish 
JBishojJS,  &c.  Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me 
where  the  original  of  this  portrait  is  to  be  seen. 
or  what  portraits  of  Keith  are  extant,  and 
where  ?  G. 

MoxTsaTJETArRES.  —  Can  any  one  infoi-m  me 
when  the  Mousc[uetaires  of  Louis  XIV.  were  first 
formed,  aud  whether  they  were  cavalry  or  in- 
fantry, not  being  able  clearly  to  make  out  from 
the  accounts  of  those  times  which  they  were  ? 

H.  D.  M. 

Names  Wanted.— 

1.  Or,  a  gi-ifiin  sable,  a  plain  bordure  gules. 

2.  Or,  a  fess  dancette  gules,  between  three 
cross  crosslets,  2  and  1. 

3.  A  chevron  between  three  bugles,  2  and  1  j 
all  sable,  and  or,  countercharged  per  pale. 

4.  Argent,  a  chevron  sable,  between  three  mul- 
lets (not  pierced)  gules. 

5.  Lozengy  gules  and  vair. 

6.  Argent,  a  cross  flory  sable,  with  a  duck  (?) 
of  the  second  in  each  quarter. 

7.  Argent,  a  bend  azure  charged  with  three 
fleur-de-lys  of  the  field. 

[*  The  original  title  reads,  "The  Sincere  Christian  in- 
structed in  the  Faith  of  Christ  from  the  written  Word." 
2  vols.  12mo,  1781.— Ed.] 


8.  Argent,  two  bars  gules,  each  charged  with 
three  ducks  or  geese  of  the  field. 

I  shall  be  obliged  if  any  correspondent  of 
''X.  &  Q."  will  give  me  the  name  of  the  family 
that  bears  any  of  the  above  coats. 

John  Davidson. 

Probate  Coitrt  of  Lincoln.— I  wish  to  know 
from  what  places,  and  from  what  date,  wills  are 
preserved  at  Lincoln;  and  whether  they  are  in 
such  order  as  to  be  easily  consultable. 

G.  W.  M. 

Curious  Legend:  Ring  of  Espousals  re- 
ceived FROM  OUR  Saviour  by  a  pious  Maiden. — 

"  Refert  Johannes  Nyder  in  Formicario,  1.  i.  c.  1,  his- 
toriam  de  Virgine  accipiente  a  Christo  annulum  despon- 
sationis." —  Vide  J.  Kirchmann,  De  Anmdis. 

The  story  duly  appears  in  Xider,  but  in  the 
second,  not  in  the  first  chapter.  He  writes  in 
praise  of  celibacy,  and  describes  a  certain  maiden 
who,  rejecting  all  earthly  loves,  is  filled  with  a 
sincere  aff"ection  for  Christ  only.  After  praying 
for  some  token  of  divine  acceptance — 
"  orti  locello  quo  nunc  oculis  corporeis  visum  dirigo. 
Et  ecce  in  eodem  momento  et  locello  vidit  tres  or  duos 

circiter  violarum  amenos  flosculos Violas  manu 

collegit  propria  et  conservavit  soUiciter,  ut  exinde  amor  et 
spes  artius  ad  suum  sponsum  grate  succrescerent." 

After  enforcing  the  miraculous  character  of  the 
event  by  reminding  his  readers  that  it  was  not 
the  season  of  flowers,  but  somewhere  about  the 
feast  of  St.  Martin,  he  continues  :  — 

"  In  sequenti  anno  iterum  in  orto  suo  laboraret  quodam^ 
die,  et  ibidem  in  locum  certum  intuitum  dirigeret,  optanda 
ex  imo  cordis  desiderio  quatenus  ibi  reperiret  in  signum 
Christifere  desponsationis  annulum  aliquem,  si  divinse 
voluntatis  id  esset ;  et  en  altera  vice  non  sprevit  Deus  preces 
humilis  virginis  sed  reperit  materialem  quemdam  annu- 
lum quem  vidi  postmodum.  Erat  autem  coloris  albi,  de 
minera  qua  nescio,  argento  mundo  videbatur  similior. 
Et  in  clausura  iibi  jungebatur  in  circulum  due  manus 
artificiose  insculpte  extiterunt  ....  Hunc  annulum 
virgo  gratissime  servavit  in  posterum,  et  altissimo  suo 
sponso  deinceps  ut  antea  in  labore  mauuum  suarum 
vivere  studuit." — Vide  J.  Nider,  In  Formicario,  Cologne, 
1473  (?). 

Is  this  legend  recorded  elsewhere  ? 

Juxta  Turrim. 

Regimental  Court  Martial. — The  evidence 
given  in  a  Regimental  Court  Martial  must  be 
taken  down  in  writing.  Must  it  be  permanently 
preserved  (after  the  judgment  has  been  given  and 
acted  on)  by  being  entered  in  the  Orderly  Book 
of  the  regiment,  or  otherwise  ?  If  so,  where  is  it 
likely  that  the  evidence  would  now  be  found 
given  in  a  Regimental  Court  Martial  of  a  Scotch 
county  Militia  Regiment,  so  far  back  as  1806, 
which  regiment  was  disbanded  at  the  close  of  the 
war  in  1814  ?  Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  can 
say,  G. 

Edinburgh. 


314 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI.  Apeil  20,  '67. 


Family  of  Egberts.  —  1.  Under  ''Einion 
Efell,"  in  Burke's  Heraldry,  there  is  mention  of 
Eoberts  of  Llangedwin,  Montgomery.  Where  is 
the  parish  church  for  Llangedwin  ? 
'  2.  Where  is  the  pedigi-ee  of  Roberts  of  Llan- 
gedwin  to  be  found  ? 

3,  Was  Samuel  Roberts  (born  in  North  Wales 
in  1701)  a  member  of  this  family  ? 

4.  There  is  mention  of  a  family  of  Roberts  of 
Middlesex  in  Burke's  Heraldry.  Of  what  part  of 
Middlesex  was  this  branch  ?         E.  J.  Robeets. 

19,  Fleet  Street. 

BiBLiOGKAPHY  OF  ToBACCO.  —  Is  there  a  work 
on  this  subject  in  any  language  ?  And  can  your 
readers  refer  me  to  any  bookseller's  or  auctioneer's 
catalogue  particularly  rich  in  Nicotiana  ?  I  have 
consulted  the  former  volumes  of  ''  N.  &  Q.,"  the 
English  Catalogue,  and  the  useful  book  of  Dr. 
Cleland  (the  latter  containing  the  nearest  approach 
I  have  seen  to  a  bibliography  of  the  subject),  and 
do  not  require  references  to  them.  Any  titles  not 
mentioned  in  these  would  be  acceptable.* 

S.  W.  P. 

Xew  York. 

Sm  Ja^ees  Wood's  REGi:5rEXT.  —  I  find  this 
regiment  mentioned  in  a  legal  deed  in  the  early 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century.  Where  may 
further  notice  regarding  it  be  found  ?  Can  it  be 
identified  with  any  existing  regiments  ?  Will 
any  of  its  records  be  still  extant ;  or  what  means 
should  be  adopted  to  trace  the  history  of  an 
,  officer  in  connection  with  it .°  G. 

YiEGH.  A2fD  SixGi^G  OF  BiEDS. — Is  the  singing 
of  birds  mentioned  anywhere  in  Virgil  as  one  of 
the  pleasures  of  a  country  life  ?  See  Pegge's 
Anonymiana,  cent,  x.  art.  vii.  S.  W.  P. 

New  York. 

VoxDEL,  a  Butch  poet  and  tragedian,  born  at 
Cologne  in  the  year  1587,  died  at  Amsterdam  in 
1679.  Details  wiU  be  found  in  The  Orchestra  of 
January  26.  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me 
whether  there  is  an  English  translation  of  his 
works,  either  entirely  or  partly  ?  At  the  same 
time  I  should  feel  obliged  if  anyone  could  indi- 
cate me  an  English,  French,  or  German  detailed 
biography  of  this  poet,  either  separately  printed 
as  a  book  or  pamphlet,  or  inserted  in  a  review  or 
magazine  ?  H.  Tiedehajst. 

Amsterdam. 

ToPOGr.APniCAL  QrERiES.  —  Wanted,  the  lo- 
cality of  the  following :  —  1,  Alscott,  seat  of  Mrs. 
West;  2,  Bower  Hall,  seat  of  Sir  Stephen  Ander- 
son ;  3,  Baskerville  House,  seat  of  John  Ryland, 
Esq. ;  4,  Comb  Down,  sei^.t  of  James  Bourdien, 
Esq.;  5,  Hill  Park;  6,  Pain's  Hill. 

Philip  S.  Kikg. 


1  *  Consnlt  Watt's  Bibliotltcm  Britannica,  vol.  iv.  art. 
"  Tobacco"  in  Classification  of  Subjects. — Ed.] 


Records  of  the  Chtjech  of  Scotla^^d.  —  Mr. 
John  Hill  Burton,  in  his  Scot  Abroad,  ii.  67,  states 
that  the  Records  of  the  Church  of  Glasgow  were, 
in  1692,  partly  preserved  in  the  Scots  College  at 
Paris,  and  partly  in  the  Carthusian  Monastery  in 
that  city.  We  are  informed  that  they  had  been 
deposited  in  those  places  by  Archbishop  James 
Beaton.     Where  are  they  now?  A.  0.  V.  P. 

[When  James  Beaton,  Archbishop  of  Glasgow,  took 
refuge  in  France,  he  carried  with  him  a  great  mass  of  the 
ancient  muniments  and  registers  of  his  diocese.  By  his 
direction  these  records  were  deposited,  partly  in  the 
archives  of  the  Scots  College,  and  partly  in  the  Chart- 
reuse of  Paris.  In  these  two  places  were  subsequently 
deposited  the  private  royal  memoirs  and  diplomas  of  the 
exUed  family  of  Stuart,  so  that  these  collections  altoge- 
ther were  regarded  with  intelligent  interest  and  rever- 
ence by  those  who  valued  them  as  the  materials  of  future 
history. 

In  1771,  the  curators  of  the  Advocates'  Library  made 
an  ineffectual  endeavour  to  obtain  precise  information  of 
the  treasures  of  the  Scots'  College.  They  incautiously 
asked  too  much.  When  the  French  Revolution  threatened 
destruction  to  all  records,  and  especially  those  of  mo- 
narchy and  the  priesthood,  the  poor  brethren  of  the  Scots 
College  were  not  found  well  fitted  to  resist  the  storm.  Be- 
fore their  flight  they  packed  up  in  barrels  whatever  seemed 
most  valuable,  including  many  of  their  manuscripts,  and 
dispatched  them  to  a  confidential  agent  at  St.  Omers  for 
safe  custody.  This  collection  of  Jacobite  papers  was  sub- 
sequently sent  to  George  lY.  as  a  present  from  Pius  YII., 
and  is  generally  known  as  the  Stuart  Papers.  {Vide 
"  X.  &  Q."  2°d  S.  V.  203,  371 ;  is.  23.)  A  quantity  of 
papers,  however,  were  left  in  the  College,  among  which 
were  many  of  those  carried  from  Scotland  by  Beaton ; 
and  from  these.  Abbe  M'Pherson  selected  such  as  he 
thought  most  important  to  cany  to  Scotland.  The  fate 
of  this  portion  of  the  documents  is  still  involved  in  ob- 
scurity ;  of  which  our  correspondent  wUl  find  some  curious 
and  interesting  particulars  in  Cosmo  Innes's  Preface  to 
the  Registrum  Episcopatus  Glasguensis,  2  vols.  4to,  pub- 
lished in  1843  by  the  Bannatyne  Club.] 

Kentish  Topography.  —  What  is  the  date  of 
an  old  map  of  Kent,  by  Richard  Blome,  dedicated 
to  the  "  Right  Hon.  Henry  Lord  Viscount  Sidney 
of  Shepey,  Baron  of  Milton,"  &c.  ? 

Where  was  Bertie  Place,  the  seat  of  Lady 
Robert  Bertie  ?  In  what  part  of  Kent  was  Ster- 
borough  Castle  ?  Philip  S.  King. 

[1.  The  date  of  Blome's  Map  of  Kent,  inscribed  to 
Lord  Sidney,  is  1715,  and  was  published  in  England  Ex- 
actly Described,  or  ft  Guide  to  Travellers,  -ito.  (2)  Bertie 
P'.acewe  take  to  have  been  the  seat  of  the  Farringtons  at 
Chiselhurst  in  Kent,  of  which  there  is  some  account  in 
Hasted's  Kent,  i.  102,  and  in  the  Gentleman's  3Iagazine 
for  Dec.  1823,  p.  517.    An  engraving  of  it  is  given  in 


3'd  S.  XI.  April  20,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


Streatfield's  Excerpta  Cantiana,  p.  18.  (3)  Sterborough 
Castle  is  in  the  parish  of  Lingtield,  co.  Surrey,  and  for- 
merly belonged  to  a  branch  of  the  Cobham  fanaily.  (Man- 
ning and  Braj',  Surrey,  ii.  346 ;  Brayley,  Surrey,  iv. 
158-160  ;  and  the  Visitation  of  Kent  in  the  handwriting 
of  Edward  Hasted,  Addit.  MS.  16,279,  p.  331,  Brit.  Mus.) 
A  collegiate  church  was  founded  in  this  parish  by  Regi- 
nald Lord  Cobham  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI,,  and  dedi- 
cated to  St.  Peter.] 

SoN^GS,  —  I  shall  feel  obliged  by  your  informing 
nie  where  I  can  find  tne  worde  of  the  two  follow- 
ing songs  — 

1.   "  Peaceful  slumbering  on  the  ocean, 
Colpoys  see  no  danger  nigh, 
Sailing  on  in  silent  motion 
Sees  no  foreign  fleet  go  by," 
alluding  to  his  having  permitted  a  French  fleet 
to  land  troops  in  Ireland  during  the  Eebellion  of 
'98, 1  believe, 

2.  Also  a  song  about  a  cup  made  out  of  Shake- 
speare's celebrated  mulberry-tree,  and  beginning — 

"  P>ehold  this  fair  goblet  was  carved  from  the  tree, 
Which,  oh,  my  dear  Shakespeare,  was  planted  by  thee." 

Ward  Tyreell. 

Transfer  Office,  Bank  of  Ireland. 

[1.  The  first  is  a  parody  of  song  entitled  "  Lullaby  "  in 
Cobb's  opera  of  "  The  Pirates,"  which  probably  some 
correspondent  may  be  able  to  spot. 

2.  "  The  Mulberry  Tree  "  is  by  Charles  Dibdin,  and  is 
printed  with  the  music  in  "  The  Overture,  Songs,  Airs, 
and  Chorusses,  in  the  Jubilee,  or  Shakspeare's  Garland, 
as  performed  at  Stratford-upon-Avon,  and  the  Theatre 
Royal,  Drury  Lane."    London,  oblong  folio.] 

Scots  Money.  —  Will  you  kindly  inform  us  of 
the  value  of  Scots  money  in  the  last  century,  as 
compared  with  our  present  currency  ?  Such  in- 
formation would  greatly  add  to  the  interest  of  a 
very  pleasant  book  published  in  1865,  entitled 
Social  Life  in  former  Days,  chiefly  in  the  Province 
of  Moray,  the  pecuniary  matters  in  which  are  to 
me  somewhat  dark.  For  instance,  in  a  medical 
account,  we  find  the  following  :  — 
Jan.  22. 

lb.  ss.   d. 
To  ane  plaister  for  his  cook  .         .        .         00  10     0 

To  ane  bottle  bitters  for  his  lady  .        .         00  10     0 

To  half  ane  ounce  balsom  for  her  .        .         00  13     0 

To  ane  cosmetic  for  her  .  .  .  .  00  18  0 
To  two  pound  tincture  for  her  .  .  .  06  6  0 
To  ane  box  gilded  pills  for  your  daughter    .        00  18     0 

In  a  Tavern  Bill. 
Item,  a  pjmt  of  burnt  wine  with  M^'  Arch- 
bald  Dunbar  and  M''  Read        .        .        .         01  17    0 
Item,  a  pynt  that  he  called  for  afterwards    .        00  15     0 
Item,  two  seek  possets  .        .        .        .        0-1  10    0 

Bill  to  Elgin  Toivn  Council. 
The  IS*  day  at  the  Cross,  four  pvnts  of  wvu 

claret  .  .  ,  .  ".  .  "  .  04  00  0 
To  eight  glasses  broke  there  .  .  .  02  08  0 
To  ane  chopin  of  brandy  with  foure  unces 

of  clovegillifloor 03  00     0 


According  to  our  currency,  these  "  pills  "  and 
"  pynts  of  wyn  claret "  were  rather  expensive. 

C.  Y.  Crawiey, 
Taynton  Rectory,  Gloucester. 

[Putting  aside  all  questions  of  the  exchangeable  value 
of  money  in  old  times,  the  Scotch  currency  can  easily  be 
converted    into    English    by  the    simple    formula:  Is. 
Scots=lc?.  English:  20s,  Scots  =  ls.   8d.  English.     The 
Scotch  are  liberal  in  computing  their  land  and  liquor : 
the  Scottish  pint  corresponding  to  two  English  quarts. 
As  for  their  coin,  every  one  knows  the  couplet  — 
"  How  can  the  rogues  pretend  to  sense  ? 
Their  pound  is  only  twenty  pence." 
Scott's  Waverley,  ed.  1846,  i.  64.] 

Lines  on  the  Etjchaeist  (S"""*  S,  xi.  225.)— It 
these  lines  belong  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  how  does 
it  happen  that  they  are  included  in  Dr,  Donne's 
Poems,  London,  1719  ?  K. 

[These  lines  are  not  inserted  in  the  first  edition  of 
Donne's  Foems,  1633,  and  published  by  John  Marriot, 
who  probably  had  the  benefit  of  the  judgment  of  Izaak 
Walton,  They  appear  in  the  edition  printed  by  J. 
Flesher,  1654,  p.  352  ;  but  as  we  find  in  the  same  volume 
two  other  pieces  attributed  to  him  which  are  by  Sir  John 
Roe  (see  pp.  62, 197),  much  reliance  cannot  be  placed  on 
this  edition.  How  was  it  that  Tonson  omitted  the  Sixth 
Satyre  in  his  reprint  of  1719  .'] 

De  Foe:  The  True  Born  Englishman: 
Banks, — I  have  before  me  : — 

"  A  true  collection  of  the  Writings  of  the  Author  of 
the  True  Born  Englishman.  The  Second  Edition,  cor- 
rected and  enlarged  by  himself.     London,  1705." 

In  it  is  an  article  : — 

"  The  Villainy  of  Stockjobbers  detected,  and  the  Causes 
of  the  late  Run  upon  the  Bank  and  Bankers  discovered 
and  considered." 

It  is  very  curious  to  see  that  Mr,  Leeman  has 
been  anticipated  by  more  than  160  years,  and  to 
find  the  salne  arguments  used  by  him  in  defence 
of  his  Bill  have  been  published  by  De  Foe,  and 
the  same  desire  shown,  mutatis  mutandis,  to  make 
banks  solvent,  by  Act  of  Parliament,  who  have 
allowed  their  funds,  which  ought  to  be  fructify- 
ing in  commerce  and  easily  available,  to  be  ex- 
tracted from  them  by  reckless  contractors,  leaving 
for  the  depositors  nothing  but  Lloyd's  bonds  and 
sham  scrip  of  unproductive  American  railways. 

Will  any  of  your  correspondents  be  good 
enough  to  inform  me  of  the  date  when  this  pam- 
phlet was  originally  published? 

Clarry. 

[This  pamphlet  was  originally  published  in  1701.  See 
Wilson's  Defoe,  i.  342,  where  will  be  found  much  curious 
information  respecting  two  tracts  bearing  upon  the  same 
subject,  and  its  connection  with  parliamentary  representa- 
tion, and  of  which  The  Villainy  of  Stock  Jobbers  may  be 
considered  the  completion.] 


316 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  Apkil  20,  '67. 


PicxiTKE-CLEAiN-rN-a :  PpvLnt-collecting. — Can 
any  of  your  readers  inform  me  of  a  good  practical 
book  on  picture  cleaning  and  varnishing  ?  Many 
of  my  pictures  have  been,  to  my  mind,  spoilt  by 
the  so-called  picture  cleaners  and  restorers,  though 
I  have  tried  several  of  the  best  of  them,  as  they 
either  take  away  all  the  life  and  beauty  of  the 
picture  by  their  chemicals  in  removing  the  old 
varnish,  or  they  ruin  it  with  adding  a  lot  of  new 
paint  where  they  think  the  colour  has  gone.  I 
should  also  like  to  know  of  a  good  book  on  print 
collecting,  giving  the  average  price  of  prints,  &c. 
I  have  the  Print  Collector'' s  Mcmual  by  Maberly, 
but  it  does  not  go  sufficiently  into  the  subject  to 
be  of  much  practical  use.  F.  H.  G. 

[There  are  several  manuals  on  picture  cleaning,  of  the 
respective  merits  of  which  our  correspondent  would  pro- 
bably be  able  to  learn  particulars  from  Winsor  and  New- 
ton, or  some  other  dealers  in  artists'  colours.  But  we  be- 
lieve he  would  do  far  better  to  trust  his  pictures  to 
some  respectable  cleaner,  such  as  Messrs.  Seguier  and 
Smart,  or  Mr.  James. 

We  are  sure  there  is  no  book  on  print-collecting  that 
would  be  of  the  slightest  use  in  giving  information  about 
average  prices.  They  are  constantly  fluctuating,  and  de- 
pend entirely  upon  the  quality  of  the  impressions  and 
their  condition.  Thus,  you  maj'  get  a  Rembrandt's 
"  Hundred  Guilder  "  for  fifteen  or  twenty  pounds,  whilst 
an  impression  from  the  same  plate  will  at  a  public  sale 
produce  many  hundreds.] 

"  In  the  last  Ditch." — The  frequent  allusions 
made  in  parliament  and  elsewhere  to  the  deter- 
mination to  "die  in  the  last  ditch  "  all  point  to 
an  historical  origin  for  the  phrase.  To  what 
event  does  it  refer  ?  S. 

[After  the  French  invasion  of  Holland  in  1672,  the 
young  Prince  of  Orange  (William  III.)  indignantly  re- 
pelled all  the  combined  efforts  of  Louis  XIV.  and  our 
Charles  II.  to  seduce  him  from  the  cause  of  the  Republic, 
and  submit  to  become  their  vassal.  When  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  asked  him,  if  he  did  not  see  that  the  de- 
struction of  his  commonwealth  was  inevitable,  he  boldly 
replied,  "  That  what  his  Grace  said  concerning  their  dan- 
gerous condition  was  indeed  true ;  but  yet  that  he  had 
one  way  still  left  not  to  see  it  completed,  which  was  to 
die  in  the  last  dyke  "  ;  that  is,  to  fight  it  out  to  the  last.  J 

Swan  JMakks.  —  I  shall  be  obliged  to  any  one 
who  will  direct  my  attention  to  any  unpublished 
rolls  or  books  of  swan  marks. 

Edward  Peacock. 

[Among  the  manuscripts  of  the  late  Dawson  Turner 
was  the  following  article  :  —  "  Lot  4G8.  Figures  of  those 
swan  marks  used  by  the  proprietors  in  the  Hundred  of 
Wisbeach,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  on  parchment,  1566,  8vo." 
At  the  end  of  the  volume  is  inserted  a  Table  of  S-\van 
Laws  "established  and  decreed  by  the  Commissioners 
assigned  b}'  virtue  of  her  Majesty's  Commission  of  Swan- 


ing-moote,"  bearing  date  May  25, 1577.  These  ordinances 
diflfer  very  materially  from  those  in  the  preceding  article; 
and  more  resemble  those  printed  in  the  Archceologia,  xvi. 
153,  from  the  roll  communicated  by  Sir  Joseph  Banks, 
which  relates  to  the  swans  upon  the  river  Wytham,  in 
Lincolnshire.  For  references  to  works  on  swan  marks, 
see  "  N.  &  Q."  1^'  S.  viii.  256.  In  the  roll  of  swan  marks 
extant  at  Loseley  are  given  the  marks  of  the  principal 
persons  resident  in  Surrey,  as  also  the  marks  of  the  Dyers' 
and  Vintners'  Companies.] 

Mtvteian  MSS.  :  "  Of  a  noble  Race  was 
Shenkin."  —  Among  the  Myvj^ian  MSS.  pre- 
sented by  the  Cymmrodorion  Society  to  the  British 
IMuseum  is  the  song  "  Of  a  noble  race  was  Shen- 
kin, of  the  time  of  Owen  Tudor,"  in  Welsh  and 
English,  "  by  John  Dryden  "  (Addl.  MSS.  15023, 
p.  140).  Is  there  any  reason  for  giving  this  song 
to  Dryden,  and  what  is  the  authority  of  these 
MSS.  ?  CH. 

[It  is  very  doubtful  whether  this  satirical,  but  humor- 
ous ballad,  is  bj'  Dryden.  It  probably  first  turned  up  in 
one  of  the  3IisceUanies,  or  Hospitals  for  Wit.  It  is  printed 
with  his  name  in  The  Camhro-Briton  of  Dec.  1819  (vol.  i. 
p.  146),  accompanied  with  a  translation  in  Greek,  Latin, 
and  Welsh.] 

OssiAN. — Mr.  Sinclair,  in  that  curious  repertory 
styled  The  Code  of  Health,  &c.,  alludes,  in  vol.  i. 
p.  582,  to  the  mode  of  sleeping  as  described  by 
Ossian  in  the  following  lines  :  — 

"  Connal  lay  by  the  sounding  stream, 
Beneath  a  leafless  oak. 
Upon  a  moss-clad  stone 
The  chief  of  heroes  reclined  his  head." 

He  says  the  quotation  is  from  a  new  translation 
of  Fingal,  by  the  Rev.  Thos.  Eoss,  and  very  supe- 
rior to  that  executed  by  the  well-abused  Macpher- 
son.  Has  that  translation  ever  been  published  ? 
If  so,  on  what  documents  did  it  profess  to  be 
?  C.  A.  W. 


["Fingal,  an  epic  Poem,  translated  from  the  original 
Gaelic,  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Ross.  Edinb.  1807,  8vo." 
Only  thirty  copies  printed.  No  copy  of  it  is  iu  the  British 
Museum.  ] 


Scjjitc^. 

THE  BAYEUX  TAPESTRY— WADARD. 
(S-^d  S.  xi.  255.) 
In  the  year  1838  I  printed,  for  private  circula- 
tion, Researches  and  conjectzcres  on  the  Bayeux 
tapestnj.  As  the  impression  of  the  pamphlet  was 
limited  to  one  hundred  copies,  of  which  many 
were  sent  to  France,  it  has  at  least  the  distinc- 
tion of  rarity,  and  I  shall  therefore  transcribe  from 
it  all  that  relates  to  the  inscription  nic  esx 
WADAED.     The  fact  that  Wadard  is  named  in  the 


3"»  S.  XI.  April  20, 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIE8. 


317 


Domesdmj  or  I)ojn-boc\7^s  stated  in  print  as  early 
as  1820,  but  the  curious  particulars  here  added, 
whicli  are  assumed  to  identify  him  with  the  figure 
so  named  in  the  tapestry,  were  the  result  of  my 
own  inquiries :  — 

"  Hic  :  EST  :  wadard  :  appears  over  the  figure  of  a  man 
armed  and  mounted.  Mr.  Douce  and  M.  de  la  Kue  con- 
sider hinr  as  a  centinel  (a) :  I  take  Mm  to  have  been  the 
chief  commissar?/  of  the  armj'.  Wadard,  a  name  which 
does  not  occur  in  the  Domesday  survey  as  a  tenant  before 
the  conquest,  obtained  six  messuages  at  Dover — the  gift 
of  Odon  (b).  He  also  held  lands  under  Odon  in  various 
parts  of  Kent,  in  Oxfordshire,  in  Lincolnshire,  etc.  (c). 
In  Lincolnshire  alone  he  is  nine  times  called  homo  epis- 
COPi  B  AIOCENSIS  =  the  homager  of  the  bishop  ofBayeux  (d) . 
(a)  Archfeologia,xvii.  102.  (b)  Domesday-book,  1  a  1.  (c) 
Ibid.  6  a  2,  7  b  1,  etc.,  155  b  2, 156  a  1,  etc.  (d)  Ibid.  3-12 
passim." 

I  shall  now,  after  a  lapse  of  thirty  years,  revert 
to  the  scene  in  question  —  relying,  exdusiveli/,  on 
the  colored  plates  of  the  tapestry  as  engraved  by 
Basire  from  the  drawings  of  C.  A.  Stothard,  and 
published  by  the  Society  of  antiquaries  of  London 
in  1819-2.3. 

The  pictorial  group  to  which  the  inscription 
applies  consists  of  Wadard  and  five  persons  of  an 
inferior  class.  Wadard  is  the  most  conspicuous 
figure.  He  is  well-mounted ;  is  clothed  in  a  suit 
of  mail ;  wears  no  casque  ;  but  carries  a  spear  and 
shield.  The  other  persons,  who  are  on  foot,  wear 
tunics  or  working  dresses.  Wadard  addresses  one 
who  carries  an  axe  on  his  right  shoulder,  and 
holds  the  bridle  of  a  stout  under-sized  horse,  from 
which  he  seems  to  have  just  dismounted,  in  his 
left  hand.  The  horse  carries  a  pack-saddle,  and 
is  without  stirrups.  The  other  figures  are  behind 
Wadard.  One,  who  wears  a  sword,  carries  a  pig 
on  his  right  shoulder ;  another,  who  also  wears  a 
sword,  seems  to  carry  a  coil  of  rope ;  another,  a 
youth,  leads  a  sheep  j  and  another  seems  to  whirl 
his  axe  in  exultation  at  having  ham-strung  or 
otherwise  disabled  a  fine  ox  —  which  casts  an 
earnest  eye  on  its  enemy.  The  three  huts  which 
appear  above  the  figures  may  perhaps  be  intended 
for  the  outskirts  of  Hastings. 

Now,  what  is  the  meaning  of  this  pantomimic 
exhibition  ?  Why,  the  inscription  of  the  scene 
which  precedes  is  a  clue  to  the  just  interpre- 
tation  of  the  scene  in  question.     It  runs  thus: 

HlC  EXEVNT  CAEALII  DE  NAVIBVS  :  ETHIC  MILITES 
EESTIJiTAVERVXT  HASTIJJ^GA  VT  CIBVM  KAPEKENTVE. 

One  of  the  fii'st  objects  of  a  commander  who  lands 
on  a  hostile  shore  is  to  secure  the  requisite  sup- 
plies of  provisions.  This  rule  applies  to  all  times ; 
and  as  the  inscription  proves,  was  adhered  to  by 
the  Normans  on  this  memorable  occasion.  The 
commander  himself  is  otherwise  occupied.  He 
must  trust  to  a  commissary  of  provisions,  and  the 
commissary  must  have  his  purveyors  and  sub-pur- 
veyors— all  which,  as  I  conceive,  we  have  just 
seen  exemplified. 


An  argument  on  this  scene  would  involve  a 
useless  repetition  of  the  significant  and  curious 
particulars  which  I  have  pointed  out.  The  facts, 
in  connection  with  the  circumstances,  are  the  evi- 
dence on  which_  I  submit  this  interpretation  for 
acceptance  or  rejection,  Boltok  C genet. 


WRITINGS  ON  THE  PRE-EXISTENCE  OF 
SOULS. 

(3"'  S,  xi.  86,  167.) 

As  some  interesting  enquiries  concerning  the 
pre-existence  of  souls  occur  in  recent  numbers  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  permit  me,  as  an  old  scholar  who  has 
for  many  years  studied  and  favoured  this  doctrine, 
to  say  a  few  words  on  th^  subject.  I  write  from 
Bath,  in  which  city  Joseph  Glanvill,  rector  of 
Bath  Abbey,  promulgated  this  very  ancient  hy- 
pothesis about  two  centuries  ago.  Let  me  mention 
a  few  of  the  chief  writings  on  this  topic  which 
have  fallen  imder  my  own  perusal.  They  may 
possibly  be  worth  the  attention  of  your  readers.  " 

In  the  first  place,  several  passages  of  the  Bible 
appear  to  support  the  doctrine  of  the  pre-existence 
of  souls,  which  was  the  common  tenet  of  the  Jews. 

Nest,  the  Jewish  cabalists  are  generally  in 
favour  of  it,  witness  the  writings  of  Philo  Judseus 
and  Simeon  Ben  Jochai,  in  the  book  of  Sohar. 
It  was  also  espoused  by  Origen  and  several  of 
the  Christian  Fathers.  This  doctrine  prevailed  in 
Greece,  as  we  find  in  the  writings  of  the  Pytha- 
gorean and  Platonic  philosophers.  Among  the 
Orientals,  it  was  held  by  many  of  the  Chaldeans, 
Persians,  Mahometans,  Bramins,  and  Buddhists. 
We  find  some  notices  of  it  in  the  writings  of 
Watts,  Fleming,  and  the  Chris tologists,  respecting 
the  pre-existent  glory  of  the  Blessed  Saviour  of 
the  world.  Moreover,  many  books  are  extant, 
even  in  the  English  language,  which  expressly 
support  this  doctrine  of  the  pre-existence  of  souls. 
Among  them  let  me  mention  the  following : — 
"  Bishop  Bust  (the  friend  of  Jeremy  Taylor)  pub- 
lished A  Letter  of  Resolution  concerning  Origen 
and  his  Chief  Ojn'nions,  in  which  he  maintained 
the  orthodoxy  of  this  admirable  father.  Joseph 
Glanvill,  a  very  pious,  learned  and  ingenious 
scholar,  wrote  a  book  with  the  following  title. 
Lux  Orientalis;  or  an  Enquiry  into  the  Opinions 
of  the  Eastern  Sages  concerning  the  Pre-existence 
of  Souls,  being  a  Key  to  Unlock  the  Grand  Mys- 
teries of  Providence  in  relation  to  Man's  Sin  and 
Misery.  This  brilliant  treatise,  published  in 
1662,  Glanvill  intended  as  a  theodicy  or  vindi- 
cation of  Deity,  It  was  written  to  justify  the 
ways  of  God  to  man,  and  to  show  that  the  ori- 
ginal sin  was  some  transgression  of  souls  in  a  pre- 
existent  state  of  being,  which  occasioned  their 
lapse  into  materialism,  and  terrestrial  bodies  of 


318 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'-dS.XLApRiL20,'67. 


mortality,  in  order  to  be  purified  in  this  planet 
earth,  which  he  considered  as  a  sort  of  Hades  or 
Purgatory,  a  region  of  probation  and  discipline 
between  Heaven  and  Hell." 

Dr.  Henry  More,  the  great  cabalistic  Platonist, 
expressly  pleaded  for  the  same  doctrine  in  his 
commentary  on  Glanvill's  book. 

The  pre-existence  of  souls  was  also  maintained 
by  Pilchard  Brocklesby  in  his  immense  folio  volume 
entitled  Oospel  Theism,  1706.  This  rare  work  is, 
perhaps,  the  greatest  monument  of  theologic  learn- 
ing in  the  English  language,  superior  even  to  Cud- 
worth's  Intellectual  System,  in  emulation  of  which 
it  was  written.  But  such  is  the  deceitfulness  and 
imfairness  of  literary  fame  that  scarcely  any  notice 
of  this  giant  of  erudition  is  taken  by  our  biblio- 
graphers ;  and  I  shall  feel  obliged  to  the  ingenious 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  for  any  information  con- 
cerning him. 

The  same  doctrine  was  also  expressly  and  ably 
pleaded  by  Berrow  in  a  learned  book  called  The 
Pre-existent  Lapse  of  Human  Sotds.  It  was  also 
elaborately  defended  in  a  book  of  extraordinary 
merit  by  the  great  freemason  Chevalier  Ramsay, 
the  friend  and  biographer  of  Fenelon,  in  his  post- 
humous work,  entitled  The  Philosophic  Prin- 
ciples of  Religion.  I  believe  that  it  was  also 
maintained  by  the  theosopher  Helmont,  whose 
opinions  were  adopted  in  England  by  a  scholar 
who  bears  the  initials  W.  C,  in  a  scarce  book  in 
my  possession,  entitled  Queries  Concerning  tlie 
Revolution  of  Human  Souls. 

Many  more  recent  writers  have  also  coun- 
tenanced this  doctrine  of  pre-existence;  for  in- 
stance, Thomas  Taylor,  the  Platonist.  The  novel 
writers,  like  Scott  and  Marryat,  have  made  some 
use  of  it  in  their  fictions  ;  and  many  of  the  poets, 
like  Wordsworth,  have  rhapsodised  upon  it.  In 
his  best  ode  he  tells  us,  "  that  Nature,  the  vene- 
rable nurse,  does  what  she  can  to  make  her  foster 
child  and  creature  man  forget  the  glories  he  hath 
known,  and  the  imperial  palace  whence  he  came." 
I  was  guilty  of  the  same  sentiments  in  my  tragedy 
of  Socrates,  1842,  in  which  these  lines  occur  : — 

"  Thou  hast  caught  the  traces 
Of  future  scenes  in  tranced  anticipation  ; 
And  when  those  scenes  came  in  reality, 
Felt  sure  that  thou  hast  traversed  them  before  ; 
By  past  familiarit}'  prepai-ed 
To  act  aright  through  all  their  changes." 

Many  more  books  than  I  have  mentioned  have 
been  written  on  this  curious  and  difficult  topic, 
some  of  which  are  noticed  in  Watt's  Bihliotheca, 
and  other  bibliographic  dictionaries.  I  have  in 
this  note  confined  my  attention  to  those  writings 
which  I  have  read,  and  which  are  contained  in  my 
own  library.  Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  have 
been  more  laborious  investigators  of  this  bi-anch 
of  literature.    Should  this  be  the  case,  I  hope  they 


will  favour  the  public  with  further  information  on 
its  mysteries.  FPvA>^cis  Baeham. 

Bath,  March  6. 

As  this  subject  is  imder  discussion,  and  A,  W.  B. 
thinks  it  would  be  interesting  to  hear  what  others 
have  to  say,  I  would  mention  (though  it  does  not 
exactly  come  under  the  head  of  ''pre-existence  ") 
that  frequently,  sometimes  when  in  thought, 
sometimes  when  in  active  life,  my  "  mind's  eye  " 
has  perceived  a  circumstance  which  at  the  mo- 
ment came  and  went  like  to  one  breathing  on  the 
highly  burnished  surface  of  a  piece  of  metal,  but 
leaving  nevertheless  a  hazy  remembrance  of  its 
presence;  months  afterwards  the  actual  circum- 
stance has  occurred,  recalling  the  previous  vision. 
This,  I  fancy,  was  what  used  to  be  called  "second 
sight ;"  but  I  feel  inclined  to  think  that  the  pre- 
existing thought  is  nothing  more  than  one  of 
those  constantly  flitting  ideas  of  everyday  life, 
which  are  always  presenting  themselves  to  the 
mind,  and  that  the  subsequent  occurrence  being 
one  of  everyday  life,  calls  up  the  remembi'ance 
of  the  previous  impressions,  and  causes  one  to 
imagine  that  it  was  really  a  foresight  or  glance  at 
futurity.  Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  may  be 
able  to  suggest  reasons  for  those  vagaries  of  the 
brain.  LiOM  E. 

The  following  lines  from  Tennyson's  Tiuo  Voices 
seem  to  me  to  accurately  express  the  very  singular 
feeling  which  A.  W.  B.  describes  himself  as  occa- 
sionally experiencing.  I  have  always  considered 
the  passage  as  a  most  admirable  description  of  one 
of  the  strangest  psychological  phenomena  con- 
nected with  the  human  mind : — 

"  Moreover,  something  is  or  seems, 
That  touches  me  with  mystic  gleams, 
Like  glimpses  of  forgotten  dreams — 

"  Of  something  felt,  like  something  here ; 
Of  something  done,  I  know  not  where  ; 
Such  as  no  language  may  declare." 

Any  one  who  has  ever  experienced  this  very 
remarkable  and  utterly  indescribable  sensation  will 
acknowledge  the  truth  of  these  lines.  I  think  the 
most  rational  solution  of  the  mystery  is,  that  these 
'^  shadow  recollections  "  really  are  "  glimpses  of 
forgotten  dreams;"  though  probably  some  cor- 
respondent who  has  pondered  the  matter  more 
deeply  than  I  have  will  be  able  to  suggest  a  better 
solution.  The  Laureate's  illustrious  predecessor 
seems  to  have  believed  in  the  possibility  of  pre- 
existence.  In  his  wonderful  Ode  on  the  Intima- 
tions of  Immortality  the  following  striking  passage 
occurs : — 

"  Our  birth  is  but  a  sleep  and  a  forgetting  : 
The  soul  that  rises  with  us,  our  life's  star, 
Hath  had  elsewhere  its  setting, 
And  Cometh  from  afar : 


3'd  S.  XI.  April  20,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


319 


Not  in  entire  forgetfulness, 

And  not  in  utter  nakedness, 
But  trailing  clouds  of  glory  do  we  come 
From  God,  who  is  our  home." 

If  A.  W.  B.  will  kindly  refer  me  to  one  or  two 
other  "poets  of  our  interior  life"  wlio  liave  alluded 
to  this  phenomenon  of  the  memory,  I  shall  feel 
obliged  to  him.  May  not  Shakspeare,  who  "  knew 
all  that  man  can  feel,  and  the  times  when  he  feels 
it,"  have  partly  referred  to  these  "incidents  of  an 
anterior  dream,"  when  lie  wrote  the  well-known 
lines  in  the  Temjiesf, 

"  We  are  such  stuff 

As  dreams  are  made  of,  and  our  little  life 

Is  rounded  with  a  sleep  ?  " 

Jonathan  BoiTcniEE. 
Brompton.  S.W. 

Witli  reference  to  some  remarks  under  this 
head  in  "  N.  &  Q."  of  February  23,  p.  167,  I  beg 
to  say,  having  myself  experienced  the  strange 
mental  phenomenon  more  than  once,  many  years 
ago,  that  I  have  lately  read  a  very  satisfactory 
elucidation  of  the  subject.  It  was  by  a  note  at 
foot  of  a  page  in  a  volume  I  held,  supposed  to  be 
the  words  of  a  medical  man,  that  the  illusion  was 
so  well  accoimted  for.  It  is  as  follows  :  —  "  The 
brain  (like  the  tongue)  is  in  a  pair,  and  to  the 
duality  of  the  organ  is  owing  the  consciousness 
of  the  moment,  that  is,  of  the  scene  at  the  instant 
being  at  first  perceived  on  only  one  side  of  the 
pair,  followed  instantly  by  an  impression  on  the 
whole  of  tlie  brain  ;  and  it  is  the  contrast  between 
the  vivid  impression  on  thQ  whole,  and  the  faint, 
transient  impressions  on  the  part,  which  gives  to 
the  latter  the  idea  of  great  remoteness."  Now,  it 
seems  to  me,  the  vivid  impression  is  mysteriously 
like  an  encore  of  what  has  occurred  at  some  most 
distant  period ;  and  tlie  question  suggested  to  the 
mind  is,  can  this  scene  be  a  repetition  of  what 
lias  occurred  in  a  pre-existent  state ;  but  (the  flash, 
as  it  might  be  called)  the  faint  impression  is  so 
transient,  that  the  fact  would  probably  recede 
from  the  memory,  as  a  mere  phantasm,  and  would, 
I  feel  assured,  in  my  own  case,  had  I  not  become 
aware  that  another  had  been  subject  to  the  illu- 
sion. I  have  never  met  with  any  person  to  sen/  he 
had  experienced  this  strange  phenomenon,  having 
met  with  only  one  writer  (except  the  one  herein 
alluded  to)  to  mention  the  subject  referred  to  by 
''N.  &Q."  Sentio. 


THE  OLDEST  VOLUNTEER :  DR.  CYRIL 

JACKSON. 

(3^<»  S.  xi.  230,  253.) 

These  subjects,  suggested  in  your  pages,  may 

appear  sufficiently  discordant  till  explained  in  the 

sequel.     But  as  some  of  your  correspondents  have 

recently  been  dealing  with  times  that  lie  upon  the 


verge  of  the  memory  of  few  now  existing,  I  beg 
to  be  permitted  to  add  a  rambling  contribution  of 
part  of  my  experience  of  that  date,  when  the 
volunteer  force  was  raised.  I  was  a  gownsman  in 
the  University  of  Oxford  at  the  period  to  which. 
Mk.  Swifte  alludes  (S"^  S.  xi.  253),  and  among 
those  who  were  invited  to  bear  arms ;  when  upon 
threat  of  invasion  the  call  then  made  was  loyally 
responded  to  by  a  host  of  volunteers  who  started 
up  to  meet  the  emergency.  "  Little  and  great," 
as  George  III.  exultingly  remarked  to  one  who 
pointed  out  to  him  a  very  small  individual  among 
the  ranks  in  the  review  at  the  park,  "  all  came 
forward."  In  the  university,  among  the  youths, 
wonted  hours  of  lecture  were  devoted  to  drills  in 
the  gardens;  drill-serjeants  were  rimning  about; 
equipments  and  muskets  mingled  with  caps  and 
gowns,  and  books  and  papers  in  the  rooms,  and 
every  thing  was  changed  from  signs  of  study  to 
symptoms  of  preparation  for  war.  I  have  reason 
for  entertaining  a  lively  and  grateful  sense  of  this 
jimcture  ;  for  when  the  recruits  began  to  learn  the 
art  of  firing  in  rank,  many  of  them,  on  retiring 
from  the  field,  were  found  to  have  missed  dis- 
charging their  pieces.  I  narrowly  and  providen- 
tially escaped  from  being  shot  by  a  fellow-collegian, 
who  took  up  a  musket  lying  in  a  corner,  levelled 
and  snapped  it  at  me  in  sport.  It  was  afterwards 
ascertained  to  have  been  loaded,  but  no  explosion 
took  place. 

I  am,  however,  induced  to  mention  this  in  con- 
nexion with  a  few  hints  that  have  reached  you 
concerning  a  contemporaneous  personage  of  some 
importance  then  and  there  resident  (S"^  S.  xi. 
230)— 

"  Cyril,  of  Christ  Church  the  Dean," 

as  he  is  called  in  a  worthless  epigram,  or  quatrain, 
for  it  hardly  rises  to  the  worth  of  an  epigram,  and 
is  unnecessary  here  to  be  recited.  I  was  not  at- 
tached to  the  college  which  he  graced  and  upheld 
by  his  consequence  and  ability ;  but  had  very 
frequent  opportunities  of  seeing  him  and  hearing 
of  him ;  and  his  figure  and  features  in  memory's 
eye  are  circumstantially  and  graphically  before 
me.  lie  was  frequently  to  be  seen  in  his  walks  in 
the  streets,  usually  attended  by  one  or  more  stu- 
dents of  the  college.  The  names  of  those  at  dif- 
ferent periods  most  frequently  attendant  upon 
him  during  my  residence,  were  Marsh,  Caiy,  and 
Wood,  the  former  two  of  whom  were  raised  to  the 
bench  of  bishops ;  but  I  must  leave  to  some  other 
correspondent  to  say  what  became  of  the  third. 
The  groupe  of  one"  or  two  with  the  Dean  was 
admirably  given  by  Deighton,  of  Charing  Cross, 
the  clever,  but  coarse  and  vulgar  caricaturist,  in 
which  he  exhibits  most  accurately  the  stoop  of 
Jackson  and  his  attendant.  I  am  unacquainted 
with  what  the  Eev.  S.  F.  Smith,  quoted  by 
OxoNiENSis,  may  have  said  of  him  in  the  Man- 


^ 


^ 

^ 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3i-d  S.  XI.  April  20,  '6 


Chester  School  Register;  but  from  a  relation  of 
mine,  wlio  came  from  the  same  town,  I  have  often 
heard  that  he  and  his  brother  William,  the  bishop, 
were  born  at  Stamford  in  Lincolnshire.  William 
•was  considered  by  no  means  equal  to  Cyril  in 
talent  or  manners,  and  comparative  anecdotes  on 
this  head  were  current  among  the  Oxonians  of 
that  day  to  the  advantage  of  the  Dean,  who  cer- 
tainly was  a  remarkable  man  in  a  conspicuous 
and  responsible  position,  and  his  scholarship  and 
transcendent  powers  of  government  stood  high 
in  the  estimation  of  those  who  enjoyed  the  pri- 
vilege of  intercourse  with  him,  and  were  best 
qualified  to  appreciate  them.  The  nolo  episcopari 
has  been  attributed  to  him,  for  it  was  reported 
that  he  more  than  once  declined  the  offer  of  a 
mitre.  Be  this  as  it  may,  there  is  no  doubt  that 
he  outlived  the  charms  or  preference  of  his  high 
office  before  other  considerations,  though  emi- 
nently qualified  for  it.  Instead  of  these  he  wisely, 
but  suddenly,  divested  himself  of  his  collegiate 
cares  and  duties  in  time  to  enjoy  the  tranquillity 
of  retirement.  One  morning,  so  the  story  went, 
a  chaise  was  ordered  to  his  lodgings  at  Christ 
Church ;  he  entered  it,  having  taken  preliminary 
measures  and  resolutions,  and  at  once  turning  his 
back  upon  ancient  sympathies  and  painful  adieux, 
proceeded  to  his  living  at  Felpham  in  Susses, 
where  he  sought  the  reverse  of  that  in  which  he 
had  been  so  long  engaged,  and  ended  his  days  in 
retirement.  Mr.  Hayley,  the  friend  of  the  poet 
Cowper,  rejoiced  to  have  so  eminent  a  man  and 
scholar  in  his  neighbourhood,  is  said  to  have 
hastened  to  seek  his  acquaintance.  Calling  on  him 
and  expressing  a  hope  that  frequent  visits  might 
pass  between  him,  the  Dean  is  reported  to  have 
replied  to  this  effect,  "  Our  books,  Mr.  Hayley, 
may  frequently  visit  each  other — oiirselves  will 
never." 

K I  should  have  recited  or  misrepresented  any- 
thing that  has  been  better  known  or  told  of  this 
excellent  dignitary,  as  it  will  be  borne  in  mind 
that  Mr.  Smith's  accoimt  has  not  met  my  eye,  I 
will  gladly  receive  correction.  The  mention  of 
him  by  your  correspondent  has  called  forth  the 
little  I  had  to  give  you.  They  are  but  the  imper- 
fect shreds  of  recollections,  and  as  such  only,  I 
venture  to  place  them  on  your  pages. 

OxoNiENSis  Alter. 


FELTON'S  DAGGER. 
(3'-'»  S.  vi.  206,  256,  519.) 
The  discussions  about  this  weapon  do  not  appear 
to  me  to  have  arrived  at  any  satisfactory  conclu- 
sion. _  Having  a  new  edition  of  Hunter's  Hallam- 
shire  in  the  press,  I  am  desirous  of  ascertaining 
whether  there  is  really  any  historical  foundation 
for  the  assertion  that  the  knife,  which  killed  the 


Duke  of  Buckingham,  was  made  at  Sheffield  by 
one  Thomas  Wild,  and  that  Felton  bought  it  of 
him  when  recruiting  in  that  town.  l\Ir.  Hunter's 
silence  on  this  subject  is  ominous,  as  no  one  was 
so  likely  to  have  known  the  tradition,  and  recorded 
it  if  it  had  any  substantial  foundation.  Through 
the  courtesy  of  their  owners,  I  am  in  possession 
of  accurate  drawings  and  descriptions  of  the  two 
knives  which  respectively  claim  to  have  dealt  the 
iatal  thrust.  That  which  belongs  to  the  Earl  of 
Denbigh  was  certainly  never  made  at  Sheffield — 
no  cutler  of  that  town  in  the  seventeenth  century 
could  have  manufactured  such  a  weapon — indeed, 
there  can  be  little  doubt  of  its  being  of  continental 
make,  and  is  well  adapted  for  an  assassin's  pur- 
pose. The  knife  belonging  to  T.  Thistlethwayte, 
Esq.,  is  of  simpler  construction,  but  bears  no  Shef- 
field trade  mark  on  the  blade.  It  is  no  common 
Sheffield  knife  of  the  period  of  the  murder,  and  I 
suspect  was  never  at  Sheffield.  What  then  is  the 
evidence  connecting  Sheffield  with  the  weapon 
that  Felton  used?  In  Howell's  State  Trials, 
vol.  iii.  p.  368  it  is  said  that  "  Lieutenant  Felton, 
about  nine  in  the  morning,  with  one  blow,  having 
got  a  hnifefor  the  purpose,  struck  the  Duke  under 
the  left  rib,  &c."  James  Howell,  in  a  letter  to  the 
Countess  of  Sunderland,  dated  Aug.  1628,  the  very 
month  of  the  murder,  gives  a  simifer  account;  so 
does  E-u.shworth  in  his  Historical  Collections ;  and 
Sir  Henry  Wotton,  in  his  Life  and  Death  of 
George  J'illiers  Duke  of  Btickiiigham,  says  : — 

"  In  a  bye  cutler's  shop  on  Tower  Hill  he  bought  a 
tenpenny  knife  (so  cheap  was  the  instrument  of  this  great 
attempt)  and  the  sheath  thereof  he  sewed  to  the  lining  of 
his  pocket,  that  he  might  at  any  moment  draw  forth  the 
blade  alone  with  one  hand,  for  he  had  maimed  the  other." 

In  all  these  authorities  no  mention  occurs  of 
Sheffield  or  its  cutler,  Thomas  Wild;  but  the 
allusion  to  a  "tenpenny  knife"  is  repeated.  Pos- 
sibly however  this  might  mean  that  Felton  only 
paid  tenpence  for  it  as  a  secondhand  bargain,  and 
in  days  when  swords  were  carried  by  all  gentle- 
men, an  extraordinary  indignity  would  attach  to 
the  fact  that  the  great  Duke  was  stabbed  with  a 
knife.  This,  however,  is  mere  surmise.  What  I 
seek  to  ascertain  is,  whether  there  exists  any  his- 
torical evidence  whatever  for  connecting  Sheffield 
with  the  manufacture  of  the  blade  with  which 
Buckingham  was  assassinated  ?  It  is  all  stated  in 
full  in  the  Sheffield  Local  Register,  but  as  an  ex- 
tract from  the  Sheffield  Mercury,  into  the  columns 
of  which  some  correspondent  may  have  inserted  a 
local  tradition,  without  inquiry  as  to  its  authen- 
ticity. If  the  Cutlers'  Company  have  not  Thomas 
Wild  on  their  Registry,  the  whole  story,  as  regards 
Sheffield,  becomes  a  myth, 

AXFKED  GaTTY,  D.D. 
Ecclesfield. 


S'-d  S.  XI.  Apuil  20,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


321 


THE   CALEDONIAN  HUNT'S  DELIGHT, 

"YE  BANKS  AND   BRAES    0'  BONNIE    DOON," 

AND  ROBERT  BURNS. 

(S'J  S.  X.  476  ;  xi.  158.) 

In  answer  to  C.  M.  Q.'s  further  enquiries,  it  may- 
be as  well  first  to  note  that  the  date  of  Bm-ns's 
letter  to  Thomson,  is  November,  1794.  He  there 
says :  "  There  is  an  air,  '  The  Caledonian  Hunt's 
Delight/  to  which  I  wrote  a  song  that  you  will 
find  in  Johnson,  '  Ye  banks  and  braes  o'  bonnie 
Doon.'  "  '  Then  follows  the  story  of  the  air  having 
been  composed  upon  the  black  keys  of  the  harp- 
sichord, by  an  amateur,  in  his  first  attempt  at 
composition,  and  Burns  tells  it  on  the  authority  of 
Clarke,  the  editor  of  Johnson's  Scots  Musical  Mu- 
seum. He  then  adds :  "  Now,  to  show  you  how 
diflicult  it  is  to  trace  the  origin  of  our  airs,  I  have 
heard  it  repeatedly  asserted  that  it  was  an  Irish 
air;  nay,  I  met  with  an  Irish  gentleman  who 
affirmed  that  he  had  heard  it  in  Ireland  among 
the  old  v/omen;  while,  on  the  other  hand,  a 
Countess  informed  me,  that  the  first  person  who 
introduced  the  air  into  this  country  (Scotland), 
was  a  baronet's  lady  of  her  acquaintance,  who 
took  down  the  notes  from  an  itinerant  piper  in  the 
Isle  of  Man." 

From  the  words,  "  on  the  other  hand,"  Burns 
seems  to  regard  the  last  account  as  a  contradiction 
of  the  others,  but  there  is  nothing  contradictory  if 
the  air  was  old  ;  moreover,  the  "  itinerant  piper " 
may  have  wandered  from  Ireland  or  elsevv^here. 

Now,  Burns's  song  was  first  printed,  with  the 
name  of  Mr.  Miller  as  composer  of  the  music,  in 
the  fourth  volume  of  Johnson's  Scots  Musical 
Museum,  entered  at  Stationers'  Hall  in  1793,  and 
the  date  of  his  letter  is  1794,  so  the  above-named 
contradictions  of  the  asserted  authorship  of  the 
music  followed  immediately  after  the  publication. 
To  these  I  add  another,  in  the  form  of  a  prior  pub- 
lication in  London.  It  may  be  observed,  too,  that 
the  name  of  "  The  Caledonian  Hunt's  Delight," 
can  scarcely  be  coeval  with  the  tune;  surely  it 
must  have  had  time  to  become  a  favourite  with 
the  Hunt  before  it  could  have  acquired  such  a 
title.  The  song  to  which  I  refer  is : — 
"  Lost !  lost !  lost  is  my  quiet 
For  ever  !  since  Henry  has  left  me  to  mourn." 

and  the  air  is  identical  with  "  Ye  banks  and  braes 
o'  bonnie  Doon."  The  copy  I  have  was  printed 
on  a  half  sheet,  by  Dale,  and  it  was  afterwards 
included  by  him  in  the  first  volume  of  his  Collec- 
tion of  Em/Ush  Songs,  p.  1-57.  Dale  could  have 
known  nothing  of  its  attributed  Scotch  author- 
ship, for  he  collected  the  Scotch  songs  into  three 
volumes,  but  did  not  include  this  air  among  them. 
He  had  been  for  some  years  a  successful  composer 
and  arranger  of  airs  before  1780,  when  he  com- 
menced as  a  publisher. 

As  to  the  slight  variations  between  the  two 


copies  (not  being  able  to  avail  myself  of  music- 
types  in  "  N.  &  Q."),  I  will  do  the  best  I  can  to 
explain  them.  In  Dale's  copy  there  is  but  one 
note  that  cannot  be  played  upon  a  black  key,  and 
in  the  Scotch  copy,  another  note,  but  both  easily 
changed.  In  the  former  the  tune  begins  on  the 
first  of  the  bar;  in  the  second,  Burns's  words 
require  an  unaccented  note  before  it.  In  the 
English  copy  there  are  two  appoggiaturas  which 
are  cut  out  in  the  Scotch,  and  a  few  notes  of  the 
second  part  of  the  air  are  without  words,  being 
taken  an  octave  lower,  as  an  echo  by  the  harpsi- 
chord or  pianoforte  accompaniment,  while  Burns's 
words  run  straight  through  the  tune,  echo  and  all. 
Thus,  in  the  London  cop}^ : — 

"  Ah !  well  a  day ! "  [echo]  "  well  a  day !  "  [echo]  " ah ! 
well  a  day !  " 

Such  petty  changes  cannot  in  any  way  affect 
the  identity  of  the  air.  The  echoes  are  decidedly- 
appropriate  ;  for,  where  they  occur,  the  notes  of 
the  melody  are  exactly  .the  same  as  those  to  the 
preceding  words ;  indeed,  they  stamp  it,  to  my 
mind,  as  the  original  design  of  the  song.  They 
also  lead  me  to  infer  that  it  was  written  for  the 
stage,  and  that  the  notes  of  the  singer  were  there 
taken  up  by  the  orchestra.  But  whether  intended 
for  the  theatre  or  not,  it  is  a  song  that  could 
not  well  be  simg  without  an  accompaniment,  on 
account  of  the  echo.  The  music  bears  the  impress 
of  an  accomplished  musician  as  its  author,  whether 
Irish  or  English  ;  and  although  there  are  English 
compositions  of  this  class,  I  did  not  include  any  in 
my  collection,  thinking  them  too  Irish  in  character. 
The  air  is  to  be  found  in  the  summing  up,  at  the 
end  of  my  second  volume  (p.  794),  where  1  felt  it 
necessary  to  point  out  the  all  but  universal  in- 
accuracy of  collections  of  national  music  printed 
dm'ing  the  last  century,  and  how  profit  had  been 
alone  considered,  and  the  readiest  materials  em- 
ployed, without  any  regard  to  the  sources  from 
which  they  were  drawn.  This  collection  of  John- 
son's is  there  named  as  a  glaring  example  of  such 
literary  dishonesty,  having  been  issued  under  the 
loudest  professions  of  truthfulness. 

To  show  how  Burns  was  deceived,  I  quote  his 
letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Candlish,  in  June,  1787 : 
"  I  am  engaged  in  assisting  an  honest  Scotch  en- 
thusiast, a  friend  of  mine,  who  is  an  engraver,  and 
has  taken  it  into  his  head  to  publish  a  collection 
of  all  our  songs  set  to  music,  of  which  the  ivords 
and  music  are  done  hy  Scotsmen;  "  and  in  October 
of  the  same  year,  to  another  correspondent:  ''An 
engraver,  James  Johnson,  in  Edinburgh,  has,  not 
from  mercenary  motives,  but  from  an  honest  Scotch 
enthusiasm,  set  about  collecting  all  our  native 
songs,"  &c.  But  how  did  Johnson  fulfil  his  pro- 
mise ?  Within  the  very  first  twenty- four  songs 
of  the  first  volume,  he  appropriated  compositions 
by  Purcell,  Michael  Arne,  Hook,  Berg,  and  Bat- 
tishill,   to   say  nothing   of  others  among  them, 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-d  S.  XL  April  20,  67 


•vrhicli,  witli  a  little  more  trouble,  I  miglit  equally 
have  traced.  Clarke  is,  perhaps,  principally  re- 
sponsible for  this,  having  been  the  musical  editor 
of  the  work ;  but  it  will  be  impossible  to  acquit 
Johnson  of  participation  in  the  deceit.  His  at- 
tention had  evidently  been  drawn  to  it  by  his 
subscribers,  for  in  the  preface  to  his  second  volume, 
he  says :  "  In  the  first  volume  of  this  work,  two  or 
three  airs,  not  of  Scots  composition,  have  been 
inadvei-tently  inserted  ;  which,  whatever  excellence 
they  may  have,  was  improper,  as  the  collection  is 
meant  to  be  solely  the  music  of  our  country." 
Yet,  with  this  renewed  promise  and  paltry  ad- 
mission, he,  or  his  editor,  continued  to  steal  in 
the  same  way  to  the  end  of  the  work.  The  only 
difterence  was  that  they  began  with  songs  of  too 
scientific  a  class,  unsuited  to  popiilar  taste,  and 
afterwards  took  the  simpler  ones  that  required 
less  accompaniment.  As  they  drew  towards  the 
end  of  the  collection  of  so  called  Scots  Songs,  they 
only  followed  the  London  press  more  closely.  Of 
this,  two  instances  taken  from  well-known  songs, 
may  here  suffice :  ''  Jenny's  Bawbee,''  and  "  Comin' 
thro'  the  rye.''  The  words  of  the  first  were  copied 
from  Herd's  Scottish  Songs,  and  they  had  to  find 
the  proper  air.     The  first  line : 

"  A'  that  e'er  my  Jenny  had,  my  Jenny  had,  my  Jenny 
had," 

shows  that  it  was  intended  for  the  tune  of 
"  Sike  a  wife  as  Willy  had,  as  Willy  had,  as  Willy  had," 
but  that  being  unknovm  to  them  (it  may  be  seen 
in  N.  Thompson's  180  Loyal  Songs,  1688  and 
1694),  they  appropriated  the  English  country 
dance  tune  of  "  Polly  put  the  kettle  on,"  which 
had  been  revived  in  popularity  three  years  before 
by  Dale's  variations  for  the  pianoforte. 

As  to  "  Comin'  thro'  the*'  rye,"  the  original 
words  and  the  tune  are  from  a  London  pantomime, 
viz.  "Harlequin  Mariner,"  which  was  brought 
out  at  the  Royal  Circus,  at  Christmas,  1795-6. 
In  this  pantomime,  Mrs.  Henley,  acting  the  part 
of  Market  Goody,  sang  a  song  beginning  : 

"  If  a  body  meet  a  hodij  going  to  the  fair 
If  a  body  kiss  a  body,  need  a  bodj-  care  ?  " 

The  words  by  Mr.  Cross,  the  author  of  the  pan- 
tomime, the  music  adapted  by  J.  Sanderson. 
This  song  became  popular  and  was  published  by 
Broderip  and  Wilkinson  on  June  29, 1796,  accord- 
ing to  the  entry  at  Stationers'  Hall.  The  fifth 
volume  of  Johnson's  Scots  Museum  was  entered 
on  May  13,  of  the  following  year,  and  in  it  both 
songs  are  included.     The  latter  as 

"  Gin  a  body  meet  a  body  comin'  thro'  the  rye, 
Gin  a  body  kiss  a  body,  need  a  bodj'  cry  ?  " 

Xow  since  Clarke  and  Johnson  were  guilty  of 
such  literary  dishonesty  as' this  —  and  a  large 
number  of  similar  cases  occur  in  every  volume — 
is  either  to  be  trusted  in  the  very  improbable  (if 


not  incredible)  tale  they  tell  of  the  way  in  which 
the  tune  of  «the  Caledonian  Hunt's  Delight  was 
produced  ?  If  Mr.  ;MiUer  had  any  hand  in  it,  he 
may  have  written  something  which  Clarke  could 
turn  into  a  well-known  tune,  for  the  first  attempts 
of  an  amateur  composer  are  generally  half-faded 
reminiscences.  When  original,  they  are,  as  usual, 
very  bad  music.  There  is  no  instance  upon  record 
of  so  good  an  air  as  this  proceeding  from  such  a 
first  attempt.  Again,  we  are  told  that  Mr.  Miller 
had  "  an  ardent  ambition  to  be  able  to  compose  a 
Scots  air,"  and  yet  the  air  of  which  he  is  said  to 
have  ''produced  the  rudiments,"  has  none  of  the 
Scotch  conventionalities,  but  is  thoroughly  Irish 
in  character. 

The  black-key  theory  is  an  old  piece  of  humbug, 
which  would  be  unworthy  of  notice  if  Scotch  airs 
were  not  still  falsified  to  that  imaginary  scale. 
From  the  early  ages  of  their  Christianity  the  Scotch 
had  both  the  fourth  and  the  seventh  in  their 
scale,  and  the  Scotch  bagpipe  produces  both  the 
sharp  and  the  flat  seventh. 

And  now,  what  results  from  the  deception  prac- 
tised upon  Burns  and  upon  the  Scottish  public  ? 
It  is  this ;  that  whereas  Burns  intended  to  write 
only  to  Scotch  tunes,  literally,  one-half  of  his 
songs  were  written,  and  are  still  published,  to 
English  or  Irish  airs — principally  to  English. 

Wii.  Chappell. 


ALPHABET  BELLS. 


(3^-1  S,  xi.  184.) 

Enquiry  was  made  some  months  ago  in  these 
pages,  as  to  the  intention  of  the  alphabet  as  a 
legend,  and  I  think  no  suggestion  has  at  present 
been  offered.  If  I  may  venture  to  express  an  opi- 
nion, I  should  say,  that  this  use  of  the  alphabet 
is  strictly  symbolical.  Of  what  I  believe  it  is 
symbolical,  I  will  now  explain.  A  correspondent 
however,  informs  me,  that  the  alphabet  at  length 
is  also  found  as  a  legend  on  tiles,  &c.,  and  initial 
letters  separately ;  but  having  no  particulars  of 
such  legends,  I  wish  these  remarks  to  apply  only 
to  the  criscross  row  on  bells.  It  is  of  course  well 
known  that  our  devout  forefathers,  with  that  true 
instinct  that  finds  sermons  in  stones  and  good  in 
everything,  attached  a  symbolical  meaning  to 
every  part  of  the  chm-ch  'fabrick.  The  tower,  I 
believe,  symbolised  the  Bishop  of  the  diocese  ; 
the  Bell-cage,  formed  of  many  intersections  of 
wood,  symbolised  the  Cross  of  our  B.  Lord ;  and 
the  Bells  suspended  from  it.  Preachers,  whose 
message  emanated  from  the  cross. 

The  Bell  then  symbolises  the  Preacher;  the 
clapper  is  his  tongue  ;  he  must  utter  no  uncertain 
sound  between  truth  and  heresy;  his  doctrine 
must  be  easy  to  be  understood-  (a  euV^/uos  Xu-yos, 
1  Cor.  xiv.  9),  and  be  clear  as  a  bell.     He  must 


S^d  S.  XI.  April  20,  'e?.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


323 


be  well  content  to  lay  again  and  again  the  foun- 
dation of  knowledge,  the  elements  of  the  Christian 
faith,  often  expounding  to  Babes  in  Christ  the 
first  principles  (ra  (XToixeia,  Heb.  v.  12),  aptly  sym- 
bolised by  the  A  B  C,  of  the  oracles  of  God, 

As  therefore  the  bell  suggests  to  the  ear  the 
character  of  the  preacher,  so,  it  seems  to  me,  the 
ABC  legend  suggests,  as  speakingly  to  the  eye, 
what  should  be  the  nature  of  his  doctrine. 

That  the  alphabet  was  used  in  this  symbolical 
manner  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  it  was  a  part 
of  the  ancient  ceremonial  observed  in  the  dedi- 
cation of  churches,  that  the  Bishop  should  inscribe 
the  alphabet  from  corner  to  corner  on  the  pave- 
ment. The  ceremony  is  mentioned  by  Bishop 
Durandus  [1220-129G],  in  his  Rationale  Divinorum 
Officiorum ;  but  I  have  not  the  work  to  refer  to. 

W.  H.  S. 

Yaxlej-. 

Cheistopher  Coilins  (S"""*  S.  xi.  84, 161.) — 
Whether  there  be  any  ground  for  Sharon  Turner's 
suggestion  in  regard  to  this  Constable  of  Queens- 
borough  Castle  having  been  no  other  than  Chris- 
topher Colon,  or  Columbus,  is  indeed  extremely 
doubtful.  But  your  correspondent  C.  Collins 
Tkelawny,  taking  up  the  cudgels  in  behalf  of  the 
valiant  Constable,  and  claiming  him  as  his  an- 
cestor, raises  a  question  which  needs  confirmation. 

An  inscription  on  a  monument  in  the  parish 
church  of  Pennycross,  Devon,  affirms  that  your 
correspondent's  family  trace  their  pedigree  from 
George  Collins,  Esq.,  of  Ham,  son  of  General  A 
Collins,  and  grandson  of  the  celebrated  author  of 
The  Peerage  of  England.     There  it  ends. 

In  the  preface  of  the  older  editions  of  The 
Peerage  of  England,  there  is  a  biographical  me- 
moir of  the_  worthy  author,  who  is  therein  de- 
scribed as  a  bookseller  at  the  sign  of  the  "  Black 
Boy,"  Eastcheap;  in  which  capacity  he  availed 
himself  of  the  opportunities  so  afforded  of  study- 
ing the  volumes  passing  through  his  hands,  and 
from  which  lie  gathered  materials  for  a  work 
which,  in  its  day,  was  held  in  some  repute. 

Others,  having  an  interest  in  the  name,  would 
be  obliged  by  your  correspondent  kindly  giving 
further  information,  and  tracing  the  lineal  de- 
scents between  the  celebrated  author  of  The 
Peerage  of  England  and  the  renowned  Constable 
of  Queensborough  Castle,  temp.  Eichard  III. ; 
stating  also  when,  and  how,  his  family  became 
possessed  of  this  very  remarkable  and  valuable 
portrait.  Altee. 

Quotations  avanted  (3'''>  S.  xi.  2.35.)  — 5.  The 
golden  cha-'n  in  Homer  fastened  to  Jupiter  is  found 
in  Iliad  viii.  19 :  — 

2e:p?;!'  XP^'^^'^'O^  ^"1  ovpctyodev  Kpeiidcraprss. 
I  C.  T.  IfAXAGE. 


Student  will  find  the  passage  in  the  Orestes  of 
Euripides,  line  717,  ed.  Porson.— 

■KidThs  iv  KaKOLS  av>}p 
"Kpeicrffcov  ja\-!]vr]s  vavjiXoiffi.v  elcropZv. 

'  E.  A.  D. 

"  When  Adam  delved,"  etc. — Let  me  add  a 
P.S.  to  Mr.  Woodwaed's  query  (3"^  S.  xi.  192)  : 
whence  came  the   two  additional  lines  given  in 
Ray  ?     I  have  never  seen  them  elsewhere : 
"  When  Adam  delved  and  Eve  span, 
Who  then  was  the  gentleman  ? 
Upstart  a  churl,  and  gatliered  good, 
And  thence  did  spring  our  gentle  blood." 

Ray  reads  "where  was  then  the  gentleman." 
Upstart,  i  suppose,  should  be  ttp  starts. 

Q.  Q. 

Needle's  Eye  (3"*  S.  xi.  254.)  —  In  Shaks- 
pere's  play  of  King  Richard  the  8eecond,  Act  V. 
Scene  4,  there  is  this  passage  : — 
K,  Richard — "  It  is  as  hard  to  come,  as  for  a  camel 

To  thread  the  postern  of  a  needle's  eye." 

That  passage  of  Scripture,  which  has  puzzled  so 
many  in  the  present  age,  seems  to  have  been  most 
satisfactorily  explained  by  our  immortal  poet  two 
hundred  and  fifty  years  ago. 

Henet  Ingall. 

A  similar  explanation  of  these  words  is  given 
by  Dr.  Kitto,  in  his  Daily  Bible  Illustrations,  thirty- 
eighth  week,  fourth  day. 

C.  W.  M. 

Campanology  :  Old  Bell  at  Oenolac  (S'"*  S. 
xi.  214.) — I  have  a  "cutting"  containing  the 
paragraph  referred  to,  but  regret  that  I  have  not 
noted  the  date  of  the  Ti7nes  from  which  it  was 
taken : — 

"  An  Old  Bell. — An  interesting  archajological  discovery 
has  just  been  made  at  Ornolac,  near  Ussat-les-Baines 
(Ariege).  On  taking  down  a  bell  to  make  certain  repairs 
in  the  steeple  of  the  church,  it  was  found  to  bear  the  date 
of  1079,  and  must  consequently  be  one  of  the  oldest  bells 
in  Christendom.  There  is  indeed  a  bell  at  Larroque- 
d'Olmes,  bearing  the  date  ccclxxxv.,  but  the  letter  3i  is 
supposed  to  have  been  accidentally  omitted,  as  the  use  of 
bells  was  only  introduced  in  the  sixth  century.  The  bell 
above-mentioned  at  Ornolac  is  the  only  one  left  of  the 
three  which  the  church  possessed  before  the  first  revo- 
lution, when  the  other  two  were  destroj'ed.  Ornolac  is 
undoubtedly  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  numerous 
ancient  medals  and  coins  have  been  found  there.  Xot 
long  since  M.  Bonuell,  the  cure  of  the  village,  found  a 
medal  with  Hannibal  on  horseback  on  the  obverse,  and 
an  inscription  in  Pimic  characters  on  the  reverse." — 
Galknani,  (cir.  186-1.) 

J.  T.  F. 

Me.  PIC4G0T  will  find  the  paragraph  for  which 

he  is  in  search  in  "N.  &  Q.,"  (3'-'^  S.  iv.  381), 

where  it  was  quoted  by  me  from  the  Eaihj  News, 

October  12,  1863,  "  with  a  query  as  to  its  truth." 

Joe  J.  B.  ~\Voeeaed. 


324 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  April  20,  '67. 


DKiNKHfG  Tobacco  (2'"1  S.  ii.  95,  471 ;  iii. 
131.) — Your  correspondents  have  shown  that  this 
expression  was  common  in  English  literature  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  and  that  the  modern 
Hindoos  and  Turks  make  use  of  its  exact  equiva- 
lent. As  still  another  instance,  I  would  cite  the 
following  passage  from  Palgrave's  Central  and 
Eastern  Arabia,  ii.  14 :  — 

"  Any  way,  there  stands  the  prohibition,  and  it  only 
remained  to  show  that  tobacco-smoke  was  included  in  it. 
The  Arab  equivocation  between  '  drinking '  and  '  smok- 
ing'— for  the  word  s/iare6a  is  applied  to  either— sufficed 
for  this." 

s.  w.  p. 

New  York. 

Sir  W.  Aknqtt  (3'*  S.  iii.  348.)— I  have  in  vain 
searched  the  subsequent  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  for 
some  additional  information,  as  requested  by  SiK 
T.  E.  WrNiv"i:N"GT0N,  and  am'  at  length  induced  to 
offer  the  following,  which,  though  little  enough 
in  itself,  may  point  out  the  direction  in  which  to 
seek  for  something  more  definite :  — 

"  Matthew  Robert  Arnott,  Esq.  of  South  Audley  Street, 
London,  and  of  Wakefield  in  Yorkshire  (son  of  the  Rev. 
George  Arnott,  vicar  of  that  place,  of  the  old  family  of 
Arnott  of  Arnott,  Fifeshire)  was  for  thirty-five  years 
reading  clerk  (and  clerk  of  the  private  committees)  to 
the  House  of  Peers,  who  although  a  baronet  by  descent, 
declined  to  assume  the  title,  as  the  estates  were  heavily 
encumbered.  There  is  now  in  the  possession  of  his 
nephew's  (Captain  Robinson's)  family,  an  authentic  gene- 
alogy of  this  house  as  far  back  as  the  j'ear  1190,  in  which 
it  appears  that  Sir  Malcolm  Arnott  accompanied  the  Earl 
of  Fife  on  an  embassy  to  Heniy  3rd  of  England.  In  the 
year  1780,  a  silver  seal  of  curious  workmanship,  and 
bearing  the  arms  of  Arnott,  was  dug  up  on  Flodden 
Field,  and  was  presented  to  Mr.  Arnott  by  the  Heralds' 
College.  This  valuable  relic  of  an  ancient  family  must  have 
been  worn  by  Sir  David  Arnott,  who  was  standard  bearer 
to  King  James  4th  when  he  fell  on  that  eventful  day." 

The  above  is  abridged  from  a  MS.  in  the  posses- 
sion of  a  friend,  relating  chiefly  to  the  late  Capt. 
George  Robinson,  E..N.,  who  was  sister's  son  to 
Matthew  Robert  Arnott,  Esq.  I  imagine  the 
latter  to  have  been  heir  to  the  title  after  Sir 
William  Arnott,  who  was  interred  at  Powick,  and 
that  they  were  very  probably  iii'st  cousins.  (Mr. 
Arnott  died  early  in  this  century.)  Capt.  Robin- 
son lost  a  leg  in  a  very  severe  action  between  the 
Thames  frigate  and  five  French  men-of-war  in 
1783.  He  subsequently  built  a  house  at  Bar- 
bourne,  in  the  city  of  Worcester,  which  he  called 
Thames  House,  where  he  resided,  and  which  still 
bears  the  name.  I  understand  that  his  papers,  in- 
cluding no  doubt  the  Arnott  genealogy,  passed  into 
the  hands  of  a  distant  connection  by  marriage. 

Should  Sir  T.  E.  Winningxon  ascertain  any 
further  particulars,  I  should  feel  deeply  indebted 
by  his  communicating  them,  as  I  have  myself  a 
strong  feeling  of  interest  in  the  subject.        C.  L. 

CROSSI^"G  THE  Line  (3"^  S.  xi.  177.) — With 
reference  to  the  inquiry  respecting  crossing  the 


line,  I  send  you  an  extract  from  a  letter  lately  re- 
ceived from  a  little  middy  now  on  board  the 
Essex  on  her  w^ay  to  England,  which  gives  a  clever 
account  of  the  "  barbarous  and  barberous  "  cere- 
mony. It  certainly  does  not  come  wdthin  the 
category  of  the  first  definition,  though  probably 
few  would  rega-rd  it  as  ''jolly  fun  "  except  alight- 
hearted  midshipman :  — 

"  It  was  great  fun  crossing  the  line.  Those  who  have 
never  crossed  it  before  have  to  be  shaved.  Neptune  came 
on  board  the  night  before,  and  next  day  we  were  shaved. 
Thej'  get  a  great  sail  over  the  spars,  and  fill  it  with  water 
about  four  feet ;  then  Neptune  is  hanged,  with  his  wife 
and  child.  Then  the  mate  comes,  the  barber  and  his 
mate,  then  the  doctor  and  his  mate :  then  four  policemen 
and  four  bears.  The  policemen  first  take  you  to  the  doc- 
tor, and  he  gives  you  some  medicine — salt-water  and  flour 
and  limejuice,  &c.,  and  puts  a  smeUing-bottle  to  your 
nose,  but  the  cork  is  full  of  needles,  which  he  shoves 
against  your  nose.  The  barber  then  takes  you ;  they 
lather  you  all  over  your  head  and  face  M-ith  flour  and 
salt-water,  and  then  shave  you  with  a  razor  about  two 
feet  long ;  then  throw  you  into  the  sail,  where  the  bears, 
who  are  men  in  sheep-skins,  hug  you  and  keep  you  under 
the  water.  It  was  jolly  fun,  and  I  did  not  mind  it  a 
bit." 

T.  C. 

These  ceremonies  were  fully  carried  out  on  the 
occasion  of  H.M.S.  Zealous  crossing  the  line  some 
few  weeks  ago.  Quercubus. 

Junior  United  Service  Club. 

"As  DEAD  AS  A  HOOR-NAIL  "  (3'^'' S.  xi.  173.) — 

I  feel  persuaded  that  your  correspondent  Mr. 
Walter  W.  Skeat  will  forgive  me  if  I  remark, 
that  his  observations  upon  this  proverb  lead  to 
the  conclusion  that  he  imderstands  it  to  refer  to 
a  nail  in  a  door,  and  not  to  a  door-nail,  which  I 
believe  means  a  different  thing.  The  door-nail 
has  always  been  represented  to  me  to  express  a 
nail  with  a  short  shank,  and  very  wide  head — 
perhaps  two  inches  across — which  used  to  be 
fixed  in  the  upper  and  middle  part  of  the_  wicket 
of  any  large  outward  door,  to  assist  passively  in 
producing  the  loud  sounds  created  of  late  years 
by  a  heavy  rapper.  The  more  active  agent  in 
this  was  a  heavy  ball  of  iron,  suspended  from 
above  by  a  thong  or  string  about  six  or  eight 
inches  long,  as  was  found  necessary ;  and  the  per- 
son using  this,  commonly  hammered  with  all  his 
might  to  rouse  those  within,  creating  sounds 
which  might  almost  "  wake  the  dead."  The  nail, 
it  seems,  was  represented  to  be  dead  because,  re- 
ceiving so  many  blows  with  an  iron  hammer  upon 
his  head,  if  not  defimct  before,  he  might  well  be 
supposed  to  expire  under  such  treatment. 

Those  who  wish  to  see  the  reality  of  a  door- 
nail, such  as  above  described,  are  referred  to  the 
outer  gate  of  Chepstow  Castle,  where  both  the 
nail  and  iron  ball  were  to  be  seen  in  their  proper 
place  on  the  wicket  last  year,  and  doubtless  are 
to  be  found  there  still  at  the  present  moment. 

W. 


S'd  S.  XI.  April  20,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


325 


Candle-making:  Gas  (S"^  S.  xi.  217.)  — 
r.  It.  S.  will  find  much  useful  information  on 
these  subjects  in  a  book  published  in  London  in 
1819,  entitled  7%e  Theory  and  Practice  of  Gas 
Lightiwj,  &c.;  by  T.  S.  Pechston." 

H.  FlSHWICK. 

HoENs  IN  German  Heraldry  (S'''^  S.  xi.  107.) 
I  venture  a  hint.  These  horns  and  wings  or 
feathers  may  formerly  have  been  the  serpents  and 
wings  of  India,  and  used  as  typical  of  sovereignty 
by  Eastern  immigrants.  Saxony  bears  tokens, 
and  lies  in  the  path,  of  very  early  tribes,  and  this 
emblem  may  have  degenerated  during  the  irrup- 
tions of  those  more  northern  tribes.  I  think 
Niebuhr's  Lectures  may  touch  the  subject.  I  have 
not  the  work  at  hand.  F.  C.  B. 

John  Search  (3^"  S.  ix.  278,  423.)— This  has 
been  stated  by  no  less  an  authority  than  Mr.  De 
Morgan  to  be  a  name  adopted  by  the  late  Arch- 
bishop Whately.  In  the  "Budget  of  Para- 
doxes" (Athenmim,  Jan.  23,  1864,  p.  122)  after  a 
notice  of  the  "  Historic  Doubts  "  we  read  :  — 

"  The  clever  satire  above  is  not  the  only  work  -which 
he  published  anonymously.  The  folloAving  was  attributed 
to  him,  I  believe  rightly :  Considerations  o?i  the  Law  of 
Libel  as  relating  to  Publications  on  the  Subject  of  Religion. 
By  John  Search.  London,  1833,  8vo.  This  tract  excited 
little  attention,  for  those  who  sljould  have  answered  could 
not.  Moreover,  it  wanted  a  prosecution  to  call  attention 
to  it ;  the  fear  of  calling  such  attentions  maj^  have  pre- 
vented prosecutions.  Those  who  have  read  it  will  have 
seen  why." 

A  list  of  these  anonymous  works  is  a  desiderata. 

William  E.  A.  Axon. 
Strangeways. 

Cromavell  Family  (3'''*  S.  xi.  207.)  —  It  may 
interest  your  correspondent  G.  C.  W.  to  know  that 
the  family  of  Markham  of  BeccaHall,  in  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire,  claims  to  be  descended  from 
Oliver  Cromwell  througll  his  daughter,  Bridget, 
who  married,  1st,  General  Ireton,  and,  2ndly,  Ge- 
neral Fleetwood.  A  daughter  of  this  last  marriage 
married  Captain  Fennel,  of  Cappagh,  in  Ireland, 
whose  daughter  married  Daniel  Markham,  the 
grandfather  of  Dr.  William  Markham,  Archbishop 
of  York,  whose  living  descendants  may  be  counted 
by  hundreds,  and  of  whom  one  is 

William  Wickham. 

Arms  in  a  Psalter  {^''^  S.  xi.  474.)  — I  think 
Jaytee's  query  has  not  received  any  answer  as 
yet.  I  cannot  find  out  what  the  sinister  impaled 
shield  is,  but  the  dexter,  Arg.  a  fess  sable,  is  that 
of  the  principality  of  Mors  which  is  borne  in  the 
Prussian  shield  and  in  that  of  Nassau. 

John  Davidson. 

"Penny  Magazine"  (3''i  S.  xi.  194.)— F.  M.  S. 
probably  refers  to  the  New  Series  of  the  Penmj 
Magazine,  in  two  12mo  volumes,  in  which  some 
excellent  articles  appeared,  and  some  reprints  from 


Knight's  Quarterly  Magazine  were  given  of  some 
of  the  early  ballads  of  Macaulay,  and  the  brilliant 
poems  of  Winthrop  Mackworth  Praed.        Estb. 
Binningham. 

Love  Charms  (2>^^  S.  xi.  193.)  —  One  charm 
and  one  sign,  at  least,  among  those  quoted,  have 
come  to  us  from  Greece,  gathering  much  on  their 
way. 

Burning  the  coat :  — 

Tovr   a-Kh  tSs  xKaivas  rh  icpdcriredov  &\ea€  Aehipis, 

*n  '7^  vvf  riWotaa  Kar   aypiw  iv  Trvpl  /SaAAco. 

Theocritus,  Id.  ii.  53-4. 
Plaiting  chaplets :  — 

ToiaW  ovTos  c-SiSole;'  KaKa 
Tohs  &vSpas  ■^/nwf'   Sxtt,  fdv  ye  tis  ttAekj; 
Twi]  (m<pavoVj  epSv  So/ce? ' 

'  Aristoph.  Thesmoph.,  399-401. 

The  above  are  all  that  I  can  trace;  but  the 
picking  up  shells  and  throwing  them  back  into  the 
sea  has  more  the  air  of  Sicily  than  of  Plymouth. 

FiTZHOPKINS. 
Garrick  Club. 

Music  OP  "  La  Marseillaise"  (p-^  S.  xi.  79.)— 
Du  Mersan,  in  his  Chansons  Natio7iales  et  Popu- 
laires  de  la  France  (3rd  edit.,  Paris,  1850),  says 
that  the  words  and  tune  of  the  "  Marseillaise  " 
were  composed  by  Rouget  de  Lisle.  It  is  unne- 
cessary to  quote  from  a  work  so  well  known  5 
sufiice  to  say  that  Du  Mersan,  no  mean  authority, 
takes  no  notice  of  Navoigille.  De  Lisle  was  not 
only  the  composer  of  the  "Marseillaise,"  but  also 
of  several  other  airs.  J.  H.  Dixon. 

Florence. 

Nathaniel  Deering  (S"""*  S.  ix.  451.) — Having 
seen  in  a  recent  number  of  your  paper  a  com- 
munication signed  R.  Inglis,  requesting  some  in- 
formation concerning  Mr.  N.  Deering,  the  author 
of  Carabasset,  and  inquiring  whether  he  was  still 
living,  &c.,  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  be  able 
to  inform  Mr.  Inglis  that  our  fellow-townsman 
is  still  living,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following 
paragraph  which  I  cut  from  the  Portland  Argtcs : — 

"  N.  P.  Willis  has  had  a  paralytic  stroke,  and  is  in  a 
very  critical  condition.  He  was  bom  in  this  city  in  1807. 
Longfellow  was  born  here  the  same  year.  Our  venerable 
and  still  vigorous  citizen,  John  Neal,  is  their  senior  by 
thirteen  years,  and  Nathaniel  Deering,  we  think,  dates  a 
little  back  of  that.  He,  too,  is  still  hale  and  heart}',  and 
could  produce  a  standard  drama  to-day  if  his  self-con- 
fidence was  equal  to  his  ability." 

For  a  short  sketch  of  Mr.  Deering's  life,  and  a 
notice  of  some  of  his  works,  I  refer  Mr.  Inglis 
to  Ducykinck's  Cyclopcedia  of  American  Authors. 
Henry  Holwell. 

Portland,  U.S. 

The  Winton  Domesday  (3"-'»  S.  xi.  296.)— The 
surnames  in  this  invaluable  record,  are  not  "  sur- 


326 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  April  20,  '67. 


names"  as  "^e  understand  them,  i.  e.  family 
names.  The j  are  iwrsonal  sobriquets ;  as,  legally, 
our  surnames  also  are.  In  proof  let  me  cite  from 
the  Chartulary  of  St.  Deuys,  in  a  passage  relating 
to  Winchester:  "^Margaret  Fridai,  Tvife  of  Bene- 
dict Pistor."  May  I  add  also,  that  the  "Liber 
Winton"  consists  of  two  surveys:  one  as  you 
have  said,  that  of  all  the  King's  dominions  in 
the  city-  (T.  E.  E.  and  also  T.  R.,  Hen.  I.) :  the 
other  a  complete  survey  of  all  the  City  (T.  R. 
Stephani).  I  hope  '^  one  day"  to  get  the  result  of 
some  rather  long,  and  somewhat  successful^  in- 
quiries respecting  these  two  surveys  into  print ; 
and  to  show  the  sites  by  plans,  which  I  have 
in  good  part  prepared.  B.  B.  Woodwaed. 

Koyal  Library,  Windsor  Castle. 

Vowel  Changes  :  a,  aw  (S^*  S.  xi.  94,  223.)— 
Mr.  Dixox  asks  me  for  authority  as  to  the  aw 
sound.  It  is  for  him  to  produce  authority  against 
it.  As  to  what  the  emigres  might  have  done,  I  am 
not  disposed  to  engage  in  that  controversy.  That 
the  man  aux  ailes  de  incjeon  did  or  did  not  conform 
to  new  pronunciations,  spelling,  garb,  manners, 
events,  &c.,  is  a  matter  for  others  to  discuss. 
Thanks  to  the  emigre  and  the  small  change  made 
in  Paris  by  Xapoleon,  I  saw  the  Paris  of  Louis  XV. 
and  XVI.,  with  good  specimens  of  the  people,  and 
the  street  cries,  of  the  old  regime.  As  to  aw,  my 
acquaintance  extended  in  France,  England,  and 
on  the  continent,  to  Frenchmen  who  had  been  well 
trained  above  a  century  ago  by  good  men  trained 
in  the  beginning  of  the  last  ceutmy.  Such  is  the 
period  of  tradition  to  which  I  bear  witness,  and  I 
have  heard  axe,  paw,  and  nawpaiv.  I  have  noticed 
the  same  in  well-taught  Englishmen  of  the  olden 
time.  Hyde  Claeke. 

The  following  passage  from  Sheridan's  Rivals 
may  be  worth  quoting  as  illustrative  of  what  was 
the  English,  if  not  the  French,  pronunciation  of 
the  letter  a  in  French  words  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  last  century.  Acres  is  complaining  of  the  new 
dances  he  has  had  to  learn  since  his  entry  into 
fashionable  life,  and  he  adds, — 

"  Mine  are  tme-born  English  legs— they  don't  under- 
stand their  French  lingo  !— their  pas  this,  and  pas  that, 
and  pas  t'other !  My  feet  don't  like  to  be  called  paws ! 
uo,  'tis  certain  I  have  most  anti-gallican  toes !  " 

Here  the  joke,  such  as  it  is,  is  lost,  unless  the 
French  ^>rts  was  then  commonly  pronotmced  as  the 
English  paw.  Axfeed  Aingee. 

AxoxY^rors:  "The  Sea  Piece"  {?y^  S.  xi. 
137.)— This  poetical  work  is,  I  suspect,  the  first 
draught  of  the  following  now  before  me  :  —  The 
Sea  Piecs ;  a  narrative,  philosophical  and  descrip- 
tive Poem,  ill  Five  Cantos,  bv  J.  lurkpatrick, 
M.D.,  8vo.  London,  M.  Cooper,'  kc,  1750.  The 
volume  has  a  long  dedication  to  Commodore 
Townshend,  on  board  whose  ship,  on  a  retm-n  voy- 


age from  America,  the  author  revised  and  enlarged 
his  poem.  The  book  is  remarkable  from  the  pro- 
bability that  it  may  have  suggested  The  Shijncreck 
to  Falconer ;  this  latter  certainly  instantly  occurs 
to  the  reader  when  turning  over  Dr.  Kirkpatrick's 
work,  which  is  in  the  same  measure,  with  its  argu- 
ments, digressions,  invocations,  reflections,  and 
apostrophes  upon  dolphins,  waterspouts,  storms, 
calms,  sun-risings,  &c.,  all  staple  subjects  in  The 
Skipicrerk.  J.  O. 

"  Thames  "  (2°'^  S.  x.  248,  324,  381, 455, 520.)— 
Although  much  has  already  been  written  on  this 
expression,  nothing,  I  think,  has  been  offered  in 
its  defence  so  satisfactory  as  the  following  remarks 
by  Dean  Alford,  in  Good  Words,  January,  1857, 
p.29:  — 

'■ '  Thanks '  for  '  Thank  you '  is  first  of  respectable  pa- 
rentage and  brotherhood :  'ha\-ing  descended  from  classic 
languages,  and  finding  both  examples  in  our  best  writers,* 
and  present  associates  in  the  most  polished  tongues  of 
Europe.  And  then,  as  generally  used,  it  serves  admirably 
the  purpose  of  the  generation  now  coming  up,  who  are  for 
the  most  part  a  jaunty,  oflf-handed  set,  as  far  as  possible 
removed  from  the  prim  proprieties  of  our  younger  days. 
'  Thank  j-ou '  was  formal  and  meant  to  be  formal : 
'  Thanks  '  is  both  a  good  deal  more  gushing  for  the  short 
time  that  it  takes  saying,  and  also  serves  the  convenient 
purpose  of  nipping  off  any  prospect  of  more  gratitude  or 
kindly  remembrance  on  Vne  part  of  the  young  lady  or 
gentleman,  from  whose  mouth  it  so  neatly  and  trippingly 
flows.  Let '  thanks '  sundve  and  be  welcome  :  it  is  best 
to  be  satisfied  with  all  we  are  likely  to  get." — More  about 
the  Queeri's  English. 

VEEBtrai  Sap, 

DAycLN'G  IX  Cheeches  (3'''^  S.  xi.  132,  175.) 
In  answer  to  a  query  of  ]Me.  Matthew  Cooke,  I 
would  draw  his  attention  to  :  (1.)  Thorns' s  Anec- 
dotes and  Traditions,  Camden  Society,  1839,  p.  81 ; 
(2.)  Donee's  Dance  of  Death,  p.  6  ;  and  (3.)  a  work 
(in  German)  on  "■  The  Religious  Dances  of  Early 
Christians,"  by  M.  C.  H.  Bromels.  Jena,  1705. 
I  believe  at  p"  81  of  Mr.  Thoms's  work  he  will 
find  the  exact  title  of  this  latter  work. 

Geoege  Teagext. 

Awbi-idge  Danes,  Eomsey. 

TH03IAS  SoTJTHEEif  (3^'^  S.  xi.  216.)— The  third 
query  of  Me.  Chaeles  Soxheea>"  is,  "  was  he 
educated  at  Oxford,  Cambridge,  or  Dublin  ?  I 
believe  that  the  two  last  Universities  claim  him." 
In  Bees' s  Ci/clopcedia,  which  is  rather  strong  in  the 
biographical  department,  he  is  said  to  have  been 
entered  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford,  in  1680; 
and  in  1683  to  have  entered  residence  in  the  Middle 
Temple.t  This  does  not  quite  tally  with  your  note. 
He  certainly  belonged  to  the  Middle  Temple ;  you 

*  It  occurs  filtv-five  times  in  Shakspere :  and  in  the 
formula  "t'nanks'ba  to  God,''  four  times  in  the  English 
Bible. 

1 1  The  year  1G78  is  the  date  given  by  Dr.  Bliss  (Wood's 
Athena:,  iv.  751)  when  Southern  entered  himself  of  the 
Middle  Temple.— Ed.] 


3rd  S.  XI.  April  20,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


327 


refer  to  liis  liviuf?  near  Covent  Garden.  Then 
lie  lived  in  Tothill  Street,  Westminster,  at  Mr. 
Whyte's,  an  oilman.  It  was  still  an  oilshop 
some  five  years  since,  and  the  business  was  carried 
on  under  the  name  of  Mucklow.  Mr.  Mucklow 
told  Peter  Cunningham  that  his  father  had  the 
business  of  one  Girdler,  and  Girdler  had  it  of  a 
man  named  Whyte.  Sometime  before  his  death, 
Southern  moved  to  Smith  Street,  Westminster, 
and  died  in  his  house  in  that  street.  He  was  pro- 
bably buried  in  Westminster.  I  incline  to  think 
he  liVed  and  died  a  bachelor,  his  eighty-six  years 
protesting  against  the  latest  Scottish  statistics, 
which  assign  an  early  grave  to  the  celibate. 

C.  A.  W. 
May  Fair,  W. 

If  Thomas  Southern  were  entered  at  the  Middle 
Temple,  would  the  records  show  the  name  of  his 
father?  Hyde  Claeke. 

A  Pair  op  States  (3'^  S.  xi.  46.) — Apropos  of 
the  phrase,  in  a  late  number,  your  correspondent 
J,  T.  F.,  of  Hurstpierpoint  College,  quotes  Piers 
Plowman,  as  speaking  of  "  a  pair  of  bedes."  Had 
he  known  anything  of  contemporary  Catholic 
phraseology,  he  need  not  have  gone  so  far  back. 
We  have  no  other  phrase  to  express  what  Piers 
Plowman  expressed,  than  he  had.  "A  pair  of 
beads  "  is  a  household  word  with  us.  The  reason 
of  the  nomenclature  I  do  not  know. 

G.  E.  K. 

"  Gltjggitt  Gltjg  "  (.3'''>  S.  xi.  76.)— This  song 
is  founded  on  an  old  story — Italian  or  Spanish, 
I  forget  which.  I  never  met  with  the  name  of 
the  author  of  "  Gluggity  Glug."  The  composi- 
tion is  certainly  not  older  than  the  commence- 
ment of  the  present  century.  I  had  a  copy  before 
me  when  compiling  the  Ancient  Ballads,  c^j-c.  of  the 
Peasantry ;  but  it  was  not  inserted,  because  a  friend 
assured  me  that  it  was  written  by  George  Colman 
the  younger — an  assertion  which  I  now  am  cer- 
tain is  not  correct.  I  send  you  an  exact  tran- 
script of  my  copy,  which  is  much  superior  to  the 
one  given  by  Dr.  Mackay,  whose  version  appears 
to  me  to  be  a  Bowdlerized  one  —  expurgated  for 
"family  reading."  I  never  saw  the  music  in 
print,  but  it  is  well  known.  I  have  often  sung 
it.  The  chorus  is  an  imitative  one,  and  intended 
to  represent  the  gurgling  of  a  drunkard's  throat. 
Perhaps  Dr.  Rimbault,  or  Me.  Chappell,  or 
Me.  Sloman  may  be  able  to  throw  a  little  light 
on  the  subject :  — 

"  A  jolly  fat  friar  loved  liquor  good  store, 
And  he  had  drunk  stoutly  at  supper  ; 
He  mounted  his  horse  one  night  at  the  door. 

And  sat  with  his  face  to  the  crupper  ; 
*  Some  rogue,'  quoth  the  friar, '  quite  dead  to  remorse. 

Some  thief  whom  a  halter  will  throttle — 
Some  scoundrel  has  cut  off  the  head  of  my  horse, 
While  I  was  engaged  with  my  bottle ; 

Which  goes— "Gluggity,  gluggity,  glug,'  Sec, 


"  The  steed  had  his  tail  pointed  south  on  the  dale, 
'Twas  the  friar's  road  home  straight  and  level ; 
But  when  spurr'd  a  horse  follows  his  nose — not  his  tail. 

So  he  scamper'd  due  north  like  the  devil ! 
'  This  new  mode  of  docking,'  the  fat  friar  said, 

'  1  perceive  does  not  make  a  horse  trot  ill ; 
And  'tis  cheap,  for  he  never  can  eat  off  his  head — 
While  I  am  engaged  with  my  bottle. 
Which  goes,'  &c. 

"  The  steed  made  a  stop,  to  a  pond  he  had  got — 
He  was  rather  for  drinking  than  grazing ; 
Quoth  the  friar,  '  'Tis  strange,  headless  horses  should 
trot, 
But  to  drink  with  their  tails  is  amazing ! ' 
Turning  round  to  find  whence  this  phenomenon  rose. 

In  the  pond  fell  this  son  of  a  pottle.* 
Quoth  he,  '  The  head's  found,  for  I'm  under  the  nose — 
I  wish  I  was  over  the  bottle. 
Which  goes,'  "  &c. 

James  Hexey  Dixon. 
Florence. 

So  CALLED  Geants  OF  Aems  {2,^^  S.  xi.  199.)— 
If  Mr.  G.  W.  Maeshall  will  take  the  trouble  to 
compare  his  list  with  the  Heralds'  Visitations,  he 
will  find  many  of  what  he  pleases  to  call  grants  are 
merely  confirmations  of  arms  long  borne.  Men  of 
family  are  continually  applied  to  by  gentlemen 
engaged  on  heraldic  works  to  allow  their  docu- 
ments tobe  published.  It  is  always  a  trouble  and 
often  a  risk  to  comply,  and  the  reward  that  fami- 
lies get,  many  of  whom  have  borne  undoubted 
coat  armour  under  the  Plantagenets,  is  to  be  gib- 
hetted  in  "  N.  &  Q."  as  having  had  arms  granted'm 
fifteen  or  sixteen  hundred  and  something,  just  as- 
if  they  had  borne  coat  armour  no  longer  than  that. 

P.  P. 

Queen  Elizabeth's  Peatee  Book  (^'-^  S.  xi. 
214.) — The  cuts  have  been  ascribed  to  Albert  Durer 
and  Agnes  Frey,  his  wife,  and  Hans  Holbein,  and 
are  after  those  belonging  to  the  1578  edition  of 
Tlie  Book  of  Christian  Prayers,  of  which  the  text 
is  reprinted  in  the  volume  of  the  Parker  Society, 
entitled  Piivate  Prayers  during  the  Reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  p.  429-.  In  the  preface  of  the  same 
volume,  p.  xvi.,  the  various  editions  and  woodcuts 
of  this  book  are  very  fully  described.  The  Al- 
liance of  Divine  Offices,  by  Hamon  L'Estrange, 
Esq.,  p.  244,  contains  very  full  information  re- 
specting the  position  of  the  Communion  Table 
during  service  in  the  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 

S.  M.  0. 

William  Balcombe  (S'^  S.  xi.  193,  304.)  — 
Mr.  William  Balcombe  was  purveyor  to  Napo- 
leon I.  and  suite  at  St.  Helena.  His  daughter, 
Mrs.  Abell,  resides  in  London,  and  is  the  author 
of  Pecollections  of  Napoleon  at  Saint  Helena, 
London,  1844.  S.  D,  S. 

*  In  Maekay's,  and  some  other  \'ersions,  we  read  "  son 
of  a  bottle,"  which  is  not  onlj'  incorrect,  but  destroys  the 
rhyme.    A  pottle  is  an  old  measure,  half-a-gallon. 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^d  S.  XL  Apkil  20,  '67. 


"■  Deaf  as  a  Beetle  "  (3'*  S.  xi.  106.)— I  be- 
lieve the  true  reading  to  be  Beadle.  I  have  looked 
for  the  phrase  in  several  books  of  proverbs  without 
success.  In  Richardson'' s  Dictionanj,  I  find  "  Deaf, 
DEAFEN",  to  deprive  of  sense  or  sensation;  and 
Wachter  and  Junius  agree,  that  that  is  deaf 
which  has  lost  any  of  its  natural  strength." 
Nothing,  indeed,  can  be  deafer  than  the  wooden 
instrument,  but  the  wedges  are  quite  as  deaf.  It 
never  occurred  to  me  that  the  insect  or  the  im- 
plement was  meant,  but  the  functionary,  who, 
whether  justly  or  not,  has  long  been  laughed  at. 
Perhaps  the  deafness  imputed  to  him  may  be  like 
Falstatf 's  :  — 

"  Falstaff.  Boj',  tell  him  I  am  deaf. 
Page.  Yovl  must  speak  loudei-,  my  master  is  deaf. 
Chief  Justice.  I  am  sure  he  is  to"the  hearing  of  anj'- 
thing  good." 

Henry  IV.,  Part  IL,  Act  I.,  Sc.  2. 
H.  B.  C. 
U.  U.  Chib. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 


An  Enquiry  into  the  Ancient  Routes  between  Italy  and 
Gaul;  with  an  Examination  of  the  Theory  ofHannibaVs 
Passage  of  the  Alps  by  the  Little  St.  Bernard.  By 
Eobert  Ellis,  B.D.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge.   (Deighton,  Bell,  &  Co.) 

Mr.  Ellis,  who  is  already  favourably  known  by  his 
Treatise  on  Hannibal's  Passage  of  the  Alps  here  enters 
more  fully  into  the  argument  that  Hannibal  crossed  the 
Little  Mount  Cenis ;  and  that  that  route  agrees  with  the  de- 
soription  of  Polybius  entirely,  and  with  that  of  Livy  in  all 
trustworthy  points.  By  this  it  will  be  seen  that  he  takes 
an  entirely  different  view  from  that  of  Messrs.  Wickham 
and  Cramer,  who  have  of  late  years  been  regarded  as  the 
great  authorities  on  this  vexed  question.  Mr.  Ellis's 
well  deserves  the  attention  of  scholars. 


Hymns,  Ancient  and  Modern,  for  Use  iii  the  Services  of 
the   Church ;    tvith  Annotations,    Originals,   References, 
Authors'  and  Translators'  Names,  and  with  some  Me- 
trical Translations  of  the  Hymns  in  Latin  and  German. 
Re-edited  by  Rev.  L.  C.  Biggs,  M.A. 
The  Hymns,  Ancient  and  Modern,  are  so  well  known 
that  we  may  well  spare  our  space,  and  content  ourselves 
with  referring  our  readers  to  the  ample  and  explanatory 
title  of  this  new  edition  for  evidence  of  its  claims  to  their 
notice. 

Books  Received. — 

On  Eucharistical  Adoration.     Third  Edition.      With  Con- 
siderations suggested  by  a  late  Pastoral  Letter  (1858)  on 
the  Doctrine  of  the  Most  Holy  Eucharist.     By  the   late 
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A  Dish   of  Gossip  off  the  V/llloiu  Pattern,  by  Buz,  and 

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Our  readers  have  been  furnished  with  some  learned 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


329 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL 


CONTENTS— No  278. 


NOTES  :  —  London  Posts  and  Pavements,  329  —  London 
Statistics,  lb.  —  Wordsworth  and  the  "  Pet  Lamb  "  —  Eng;- 
hsh-French  Vocabulary  —  John  Eoome,  Nelson's  Signal- 
man at  Trafalgar  —  Confusion  of  Proper  Names  —  Mottoes 
of  Saints  —  Tinging  the  Hair  —  The  Heart  of  King 
Eichard,  330. 

QUERIES  :  —  Aqua-Tinting  on  Wood  —  J.  D.  Canston  — 
Curious  Entry  in  Parish  Register  —  Garabrinus  and  Noah 

—  "Honi,"  its  Meaning  and  Etymology  —  Olive  Family  — 
Proverbs :  "  As  right  as  a  Trivet " :  "  As  clean  as  a  Whistle  " 

—  "  Harry  Roe,  the  Judges'  Trumpeter "  —  Shakspeare 
Portrait  —  Siberia—  Song  —  Wymondham  Pye,  331. 

QuEEiES  WITH  Ans-wees  :  —  Lanquet's  Chronicle,  &c.  — 
The  Pardon  of  Maynooth  —  Dyers'  Company  —  Palloue  — 
Daniel :  Waller  —  Australian  Bomerang  —  Clerkenwell 
Natives'  Meeting,  332. 

EEPLIES:  —Scottish  Archeology,  334-  Stonor  Family, 
.335  —  Tennyson's  "  Elaine,"  336  —  Gab  :  Rockstaff,  337  — 
Pews,  338  —  Glasgow  :  Lanarkshire  Families,  339  —  Dante 
Query,  340— Hannah  Lightfoot— "None  but  Poets  re- 
member their  Youth  "  —  Thomson's  "  Liberty  "  —  George 
Earl  of  Auckland;—  Besom  of  Peacock's  Feathers  —  Shel- 
ley's "  Adonais  "  —  Rust  removed  from  Metals— Misopogon 
and  the  Emperor  Julian  —  Quotation :  "  Que  voulez-vous  ? 
nous  sommes  faites  comme  cela"  —  Tannock,  Portrait 
Painter  —  Primage  —  Family  of  Poulton  —  Contingent 
Claimants  to  the  Throne  on  the  Death  of  Elizabeth  — 
Prench  Heraldry— Cork  Periodicals  —  Parvenche  —  Psalm 
Tunes  —  Scot,  a  Local  Prefix  — Marchpane  — St.  Andrew 

—  Parish  Church,  Croydon  —  Mare's  ISi  est  — Derivation  of 
Slade  — Two-faced  Pictures  —  Roundels  —  Men's  Heads 
covered  in  Church  —  Teague,  an  Irish  Name,  &c.,  342. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


LONDON  POSTS  AND  PAVEMENTS. 

In  the  Histori/  of  Sifjnhoards,  by  Larwood  and 
Hotten,  recently  published,  I  find  (at  p.  29)  the 
following  passage :  — 

"  With  the  signboards,  of  course,  went  the  signposts. 
The  removing   of  the  posts,  and  paving  of  the  streets 
with  Scotch  granite,  gave    rise  to  the  following  epi- 
gram :  — 
'  The  Scottish  new  pavement  well  deserves  our  praise  : 

To  the  Scotch  we're  obliged,  too,  for  mending  our  ways; 

But  this  we  can  never  forgive,  for  they  say 

As  that  they  have  taken  our  posts  all  away.'  " 

The  covert  allusion  of  this  epigram  lies,  evi- 
dently, in  the  double  meaning  of  the  word  post, 
as_  in  the  epitaph  (1736)  on  Lord  Chancellor 
King's  carpenter  at  Ockham  — 

"  Posts  oft  he  made,  yet  ne'er  a  place  could  get," 
and  I  can  easily  believe  that  the  epigram  is  of  the 
time  of  Lord  Bute's  ministry,  when  so  much 
jealousy  was  entertained  of  his  patronage  of  his 
own  countrymen.  But  I  imagine  that  the  authors 
of  the  History  of  Sig^iboards  have  very  much  mis- 
apprehended the  more  tangible  or  primary  mean- 
ing of  the  lines.  I  think  they  bore  no  allusion 
either  to  ^'  Scotch  granite "  or  to  the  signposts. 
I  think  the  change  to  which  they  relate  was  not 
in  the  roadway,  but  'the  foot-pavement.  I  re- 
member being  shown,  by  a  relative,  between  forty 


and  fifty  years  ago,  some  remains  of  a  peculiar 
curb-stone  to  the  foot-pavement,  much  narrower 
than  our  present  curb-stone,  but  descending  deeper 
into  the  soil,  and  that  curb-stone  lie  told  ■  me 
came  from  Scotland.  It  existed  in  Westminster, 
and  perhaps  was  coeval  with  the  formation  of  Par- 
liament Street  {circa  1756).  It  was,  I  suppose, 
when  this  curb-stone  was  adopted,  that  the  posts, 
either  of  stone  or  timber,  that  had  been  previously 
erected  for  the  protection  of  foot-passengers,  and 
are  to  be  seen  in  many  old  views  of  our  London 
streets,  were  no  longer  considered  necessary.  At 
the  moment  I  am  now  writing,  such  stone  posts 
(intended  to  protect  the  foot-passengers)  are  lying 
prostrate,  ready  to  be  carted  away,  in  Saint  James's 
Square,  where  they  have  remained  up  to  the  pre- 
sent time,  but  now  are  dismissed  upon  the  foot- 
pavement  being  extended  to  greater  width. 

I  should  be  glad  to  have  my  ideas  confirmed 
by  any  more  positive  memorials  of  "  the  Scottish 
new  pavement"  introduced  into  London  in  the 
middle  of  the  last  century.  And  when  was 
Scotch  granite  first  adopted  i'or  the  roadway  ? 

J.  G.  N. 

LONDON  STATISTICS. 

The  following  particulars,  which  I  have  taken 
from  the  evidence  recently  given  before  the  Select 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  Traffic 
Eegulation  (Metropolis)  Bill  may  interest  some 
of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q. :  "  — 

Coal  Trade. — The  total  importation  of  coal  within 
the  limits  of  the  metropolitan  area  in  1866  was 
2,989,989  tons  brought  by  railway,  and  3,033,793 
tons  by  sea ;  say  a  total  of  6,000,000  tons,  being  at 
the  rate  of  two  tons  per  head  of  the  population 
(3,222,717).  Of  this  quantity  no  less  than 
5,300,000  tons  are  consumed  in  the  metropolis, 
the  rest  being  exported.  The  daily  delivery  is 
reckoned  at  14,000  tons.  The  trade  of  coal  to 
London  is  so  vast  in  character  that  it  is  estimated  as 
representing  one-fifth  of  the  whole  of  the  tonnage 
arriving  in  the  Thames,  and  nearly  two-thirds  of 
the  whole  tonnage  brought  by  railway.  Next  to 
Newcastle,  Swansea,  or  Cardiff',  London  is  the 
largest  market  for  coal  in  the  country.  The  aver- 
age market  price  per  ton  of  the  best  coals  was  in 
1808,  42s.;  in  1818,  34s.;  1828,  29s.;  1838, 
24s.  2d. ;  1848,  18s.  6d.  ;  1856,  18s.  Id.  ;  1858, 
18s.  7d.  ;  1863,  17s.  6d. ;  1864,  19s.  7d. ;  1865, 
20s.  2d.  :  1866,  20s.  Id.  The  additional  price  to 
tlie  London  consumer  would  be  from  6s.  to  7s. 

iSpirit  Trade. — In  1866  there  were  cleared  from 
bond  in  the  city  of  London  30,000  puncheons  of 
spirits,  and  75,000  pipes  and  butts  of  wine. 

Street  Cleaning. — The  contract  last  year  for 
scavengering  and  watering  of  the  streets  in  the 
city  amomited  to  26,000/. 

Cabs  licensed  to  ply  at  the  Victoria  Station  pay 
51,  4s,  per  annum  each  for  the  privilege ;  at  some 


330 


NOTE  S  AND  QUERIE  S.  [s^-^  s.  xi.  ahul  27,  '67. 


of  the  other  stations  they  pay  Gd  a-day.  At  the 
Waterloo  Station  any  cab  may  go  in  on  payment 
of  a  Id.,  the  produce  realised  being  about  800/, 
a-year. 

''  Sandwich  Men." — During  the  season  there  are 
employed  in  London  daily  about  1,000  board  men, 
or,  as  they  are  called,  "  Sandwich  Men,"  carrying 
boards  back  and  front  at  a  daily  pay  of  Is.  Gd. 
In  winter  time  they  number  about  (300.  Each  of 
these  would  distribute  daily  200  handbills,  and 
1,200  double-crown  bills.  The  average  delivery  of 
double-crown  bills  every  Monday  is  over  100,000, 
there  being  employed  300  men.  There  are  47 
tlieatrical  printers,  77  window-picture  bill  deli- 
verers, 68  bill  inspectors,  and  68  bill  posters, 
employing  in  June  last  486  men. 

Philip  S.  Ivikg. 


WORDSWOPvTH    AJTD    THE    "  PeT   LaMB."— The 

following  is  commmiicated  to  me  by  a  lady  for- 
merly an  inhabitant  of  Rydal,  and  an  intimate 
friend  of  the  poet.  She  was  well  acquainted  with 
Barbara  Lewthwaite,  the  heroine  of  the  "Pet 
Lamb."  She  grew  up  an  exceedingly  vain  girl ; 
and  was  so  proud  of  having  been  styled  "  a  child 
of  beauty  rare,"  that  she  was  always  repeating 
the  pastoral  to  friends,  and  also  to  tourists,  with 
whom  she  became  acquainted  after  her  marriage 
with  an  innkeeper.  Wordsworth  was  annoyed 
at  this.  But  the  beat  of  the  joke  was — the  poet 
had  made  a  mistake!  The  "child  of  beauty 
rare,"  that  he  saw  with  the  pet  lamb  (for  the 
incident  was  real)  was  not  Barbara  Lewthwaite, 
but  another  who  bore  the  same  christian  name ! 
Barbara  Lewthwaite,  so  far  from  being  beautiful, 
was  remarkably  plain ;  indeed,  almost  ugly ! 
Wordsworth  used  to  say  thatLewthwaite's  vanity 
had  taught  him  a  lesson,  which  was,  to  abstain 
from  introducing  real  names.  J.  H.  Dixon. 

Es'GLiSH-FEEisrcH  VocABTjLAKY. — The  earliest 
attempt  at  an  "English-French  Handbook,"  is 
not  the  Lytell  Treatyse  printed  by  Wynken  de 
Worde,  as  suggested  hj  the  writer  of  a  paper  on 
*•  The  Study  of  the  English  Language,"  in  Mac- 
millan's  Maf/arJne  for  April,  18G7,  p.  521. 

In  Dibdin's  Tyiwgraphical  Antiquities  of  Great 
Britain,  vol.  i.  p.  315,  and  in  vol.  iv.  of  his  Bib- 
liotheea  Spcnceriana,  are  descriptions  of  an  earlier 
work,  A  Book  for  Travellers  .  .  wlierehy  one  may 
learn  Frensshe  and  Enylisshe,  printed  by  Caxton, 
supposed  by  Ames,  before  the  year  1484.  Of  this 
very  rare  and  curious  work  I  saw,  many  years 
ago,  a  perfect  copy  with  the  edges  of  many  of  the 
leaves  uncut,  and  as  fresh  as  when  issued  from 
the  press,  in  the  valuable  library  of  Bamburgh 
Castle,  Northumberland ;  where  it  was  bound  up 
in  one  volume  with  an  early  undated  edition  of 
Poggii  Liber  Facetiarum  (F.  445  being  its  shelf 


mark  in  the  old  catalogue,  in  which  the  work  of 
Poggius  only  is  mentioned,  being  the  first  in  the 
volume) ;  but  in  the  new  catalogue,  printed  in 
1859,  neither  of  these  works  occur. 

W.  C.  Teevelyax. 

John  PtOOME,  Nelson's  Signaljian  at  Tra- 
falgar.— In  1848  it  was  discovered  that  a  mise- 
rably poor  old  man,  well-known  as  an  itinerant 
water-cress  seller  in  and  about  Upper  Stamford 
Street,  Blackfriars,  was  undoubtedly  the  quarter- 
master who,  under  Lieutenant  Pasco,  the  signal 
officer,  made  Nelson's  memorable  signal, "  England 
expects  every  man  to  do  his  duty,"  I  underline 
,the  words  to  do,  as  strict  grammarians  will  not 
allow  Nelson's  signal,  as  John  Roome  repeated  it 
to  us,  and  as  every  officer  in  the  fleet  gave  it,  to 
stand  in  Nelson's  own  words.  Captain  Pasco 
immediately  recognised  the  truth  of  Roome's  ac- 
count of  himself,  and  he  was  admitted  to  Green- 
wich Hospital.  I  find,  on  enquiry,  that  the  brave 
fellow's  life  was  prolonged  until  December,  1860, 
when  he  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-six  years.  I 
gave  a  somewhat  fuller  account  of  John  Roome  in 
Chambers's  Edinburgh  Journal  about  1850  or  51. 
Calctjttensis. 

CoNEiJSioN  OF  Proper  Names. — I  have  just 
been  reading  with  great  pleasure  Schack's  German 
translation  of  portions  of  the  Shahnameh,  and  in 
the  section  of  "Bischen  und  Menische,"  I  have 
met  the  following  lines  : — 

"  Als  mm  das  scliOne  Fest  des  Newrus  kara, 
Erhoffte  i?/sc/(fi«  Trost  fiir  seinen  Gram  ; 
Gebeugt  a'oh  Kummer  wegen  seines  Sohies, 
Schritt  er  dahin  zum  Fuss  des  Herscherthrones." 

Now  Bischen  was  the  son  of  Giw,  and  it  is  this 
last  who  is  the  person  meant.  Further  on  we 
have  Gi2C>  for  Gurgin,  and  we  meet  in  one  single 
page  of  the  following  section  Iran  for  Kabid, 
Voter  for  Bruder,  and  Kabul  for  Sabid. 

Now,  of  these,  only  the  last  could  possibly 
have  been  an  error  of  the  printer's,  so  that  the 
writer  who  had  read  the  original  probably  over 
and  over  again,  as  also  his  own  translation,  and 
the  proofs  and  revises  of  the  printed  work,  seems 
never  to  have  seen  these  manifest  errors  !  Need 
we  then  wonder  at  Shakespeare— who  wrote  only 
for  the  House  and  did  not  print — giving  Verona 
and  Padua  for  Milan,  Padua  for  Pisa,  IMantua  for 
Padua,  Dover  for  Hampton ;  Lewis  for  Philip, 
Claudio  for  Borachio,  Peto  for  Poins,  Elianor  for 
IMargaret  ?  I  think,  however,  that  an  editor  is  at 
liberty  to  correct  all  these  except  the  two  first, 
where  the  metre  prohibits,  and  perhaps  the  last, 
taking  care,  however,  to  inform  the  reader  of  the 
change. 

By  the  way,  I  wish  some  Orientalist  would  in- 
form me  if  the  letter  Waic  («),  in  Persian,  has  the 
V  sound  also,  as  I  believe  it  has  in  Turkish, 
Besides  the    proper  names    in   the   Shahnameh, 


3'd  s.  XI.  April  : 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


S31 


we  meet  -with  Beei;  Merv,  Casvecn,  and  others 
wliicli  I  cannot  now  recollect, 

Thos.  Keightlet. 

Mottoes  of  Saints.  —  It  may  te  acceptable  to 
many  readers  of  "^^.  &  Q."  to  give  a  list  of 
mottoes  adopted  by  various  saints  and  religious 
orders  ;  and  for  more  convenient  reference  I  give 
tlie  names  alphabetically :  — 

St.  Ambrose — Jesus  mens  et  omnia. 

St.  Antoninus — Servire  Deo,  regtiare  est. 

St.  Arsenius — Fuge,  quiesce,  tact: 

St.  Bruno — Elongavi  fugiens,  et  mansi  in  svlitudine. 

St.  Catherine  of  Sienna — Sponsabo  te  mihi  injide. 

St.  Catherine  of  Genoa — Fiat  vohmtus  tua,  siciit  in 
cceIo  et  in  terra. 

St.  Charles  Borronieus — Humilitas. 

Dominicans,  or  Order  of  Preachers — Laudare,  benedi- 
cere  et  praedicarc. 

St.  Francis  of  Assissium — Deus  mens  et  omnia. 

St.  Francis  of  Paula,  and  the  Minims— Car/to*. 

St.  Francis  Xavier — AmpUus,  Domine,  awi^j/n/s. 

St.  Francis  of  Sales— ^4  uf  inori,  aut  amare. 

St.  Ignatius  of  Loj-ola — Ad  majorem  Dei  gloriam. 

St.  John  of  the  Cross — Pati  et  contemni. 

St.  Joseph  of  Cupertinum — Moripotius  quam  non  obe- 
dire. 

St.  Louis  Bertrand — Cum  te  consumptum  putaveris, 
orieris  lit  Lucifer. 

St.  Mary  Magdalen  of  Pazzis — Pati,  et  non  mori. 

St.  Teresa — Aut  pati,  aut  mori. 

St.  Thomas  of  Aquin — Non  aliani  mercedem,  Domine, 
qunin  teipsum. 

Paul  Kostka — Non  erubesco  Evangelium. 

F.  C.  H. 

TiNGiXG  THE  Hahi.  —  The  Eoman  ladies  used 
this  art ;  they  admired  the  light  or  golden  hair  of 
the  Xorth,  and  made  their  imitation  of  it  too  fine 
to  be  natural.     Hence  the  satirist  — 

"  Arctoa  de  gente  comam  tibi,  Lesbia,  misi, 
Ut  scires  quanto  sit  tua  flava  magis." 

Mart.  Ep.  v.  G9. 
Her  dj'ed  hair  Fannj'  fancies  the  true  golden  hue  hath 

taken : 
I  send  a  genuine  golden  lock  to  prove  her  dye  mistaken. 

Again,  much  to  the  same  effect  — 

"  Caustica  Teutonicos  accendit  spuma  capillos  : 
Captivis  poteris  cultior  esse  comis." 

Ep.  xiv.  25. 
Strong  German  washes  bleach  and  redden  too  prononces  : 
Better  be  a  natural  blonde,  the'  vou  be  a  slave  at  once, 
eh? 

A.  B. 
The  Heart  of  Kixg  Eichakd.— Mr.  E.  Stans- 
iield,  in  a  letter  to  T7ie  Giiardiaii  of  March  20, 
1867,  states  that  — 

"  There  was  formerly,  and  I  dare  say  is  still,  to  be  seen 
in  the  I^Iuseum  at  Eouen,  what  remains  of  the  heart  of 
the  lion-hearted  king.  When  I  saw  it  in  1853,  it  was 
contained  in  what  appeared  to  be  an  agate  cup.  and  was 
labelled  '  Cceur  de  Eichard  Ca?ur-de-Lion.'  There  Avere 
a  number  of  other  curiosities  enclosed  together  with  it,  in 
a  long  glass  case." 

JoHJs"  PiGGOT,  Jux. 


Aqxja-Tintin'g  ox  Wood. — Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  as  to  the  means  of  obtaining 
information  on  this  subject?  It  is  a  process  in- 
troduced in  imitation  of  aqua-tinting  on  metal. 

M. 

J.  D.  Caxston,  author  oi Poems,  1842.  Wanted, 
any  particulars  regarding  the  author  and  his  works. 
I  think  he  was  a  poetical  contributor  to  the  Evan- 
gelical Blagazine.  R.  I. 

Curious  Extry  ix  Parish  Register.  —  Can 
anyone  give  an  explanation  of  the  custom  alluded 
to  in  the  'following  ?  — 

"  Uxbridge,  1683,  Slay  28.  Bap'  Anne  Cottiford,  signe 
in  the  brest,  borne  one  Holy  Thursday." 

Safa. 

Gambrixus  axd  Noah. — Who  is  Gambrinus, 
whose  jolly  picture  graces  every  beer  and  wine 
house  in  the  Black  Forest,  the  Eifel,  and  the 
Odenwald?  He  wears  a  crown;  and  a  foaming 
tankard  is  always  near  him,  or  in  his  hand.  I  can 
only  learn  that  he  was  the  "  inventor  of  beer ! " 
Sometimes,  as  a  companion  picture,  we  find  a 
portrait  of  Noah,  the  'inventor  of  wine  !"'  The 
last-named  picture  has  generally  under  it  a  qua- 
train by  Martin  Luther,  which  I  render  word  for 
word :  — 

"  Who  loves  not  woman,  wine,  and  song. 
Remains  a  fool  his  whole  life  long. 

"  Dr.  31artin  Luther.'" 

Did  Luther  really  write  such  a  distich  ?  If  so, 
where  is  it  found  ?  J.  H.  Dixox. 

Florence. 

"Hoxi,"  its  Meaxixg  axd  Etymology.  —  For 
the  first  word  of  the  motto  of  the  Most  Noble 
Order  of  the  Garter,  a  stereotyped  English  version 
is  given,  with  which  people  seem  content.  But 
it  seems  to  me  that  this  play  of  words  is  but  an 
euphemistic  paraphrase  of  a  strong  expression, 
which  would  not  be  tolerable  for  school  books  or 
for  the  more  refined  mode  of  expression  of  our 
day.  Is  the  word  "  honi "  allied  to  honte,  honteux? 
and  what  will  be  its  equivalent  in  Latin  or  Greek  ? 
Deo  Duce. 

Olive  Family.  —  What  are  the  armorial  bear- 
ings of  the  Olive  family,  and  are  they  of  Spanish 
descent  ?  '         George  Prideaux. 

Proverb.  —  "As  right  as  a  Trivet":  "As 
CLEAX  AS  A  Whistle."  —  What  is  the  origin  of 
these  proverbial  phrases?  Will  somebody  tell 
me  in  what  the  rectitude  of  a  trivet  consists,  and 
wherein  is  manifested  the  cleanliness  of  a  whistle  ?  ■ 
Mark  Axtoxy  Lower. 

Lewes. 

"Harry  Roe,  the  Judges'  Trumpeter." — In 
many  of  the  cottages  in  Craven  and  Lancashire 


332 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3»d  S.  XI.  Apkil  27,  '67. 


■we  meet  with  pasteboard  figures  and  rude  prints 
of  the  above  personage,  who,  I  believe,  was  a  great 
celebrity  in  his  da}-.  He  was  the  proprietor  of 
a  puppet  theatre,  as  well  as  trumpeter  for  the 
city  of  York.  Hone,  who  gives  biographies  of 
several  eccentrics,  does  not  seem  to  have  got  hold 
of  Harry  Roe.  Where  can  I  find  any  account  of 
him,  and  his  show  ?  I  have  heard  an  anecdote  of 
Roe  :  he  was  performing  at  Halifax,  when  a  bailiff 
entered  to  take  him  into  custody  for  debt.  "  Let 
me  finish  the  play,"  said  Roe,  "  and  I'll  go  with 
you.''  The  bailiff  complied,  and  took  a  seat 
amongst  the  audience.  At  the  close  of  the  per- 
formance, ^Ir.  Punch  appeared  before  the  green 
curtain,  and  said :  "  Ladies  and  gentlemen,  the 
performances  are  obliged  to  be  discontinued  for  a 
time,  for  Harry  Roes  ffone.'''  The  bailiff  rushed 
behind  the  curtain — the  announcement  was  too 
true  !  Roe  had  made  his  exit  by  a  window,  taking 
with  him  all  his  "properties"  except  3Ir.  Punch, 
the  call-boy,  or  scene-shifter,  and  the  green- 
curtaiu.  It  is  said  that  after  this  trick  the  phrase, 
"Harry  Roe's  gone!"  became  very  general  in 
speaking  of  similar  fl^ights.  It  is  still  in  use.  The 
prints,  &c.,  of  Roe  bear  the  heading  to  this  note. 
S.  Jackson, 

Shakspeake  Poeteait.  —  Half  length,  rich 
dress,  falling  lace  ruff,  right  hand  holding  dagger ; 
age  34.  Panel  29  x  24  in.  This  was  exhibited  in 
the  Exhibition  of  National  Portraits,  1866,  from 
Her  ^lajesty's  collection  at  Hampton.  I  noticed 
that  the  portrait  was  represented  with  a  knot  of 
ribbon  descending  from  the  left  ear,  and  I  wish  to 
know  whether  this  was  a  love  lock  as  worn  in 
those  days.  There  was  no  painter's  name  given 
to  the  picture.  It  would  be  very  desirable  to  find 
this  out,  and  if  the  portrait  is  genuine. 

SiDXEY  BeISLY. 
Sydenham. 

Siberia, — Who  were  the  aborigines  of  Siberia  ? 
Atkinson  speaks  of  the  ruins  of  large  buildings 
there.     Who  were  the  builders  ?      W.  Pickaed. 

Song. — Can  you  supply  me  with  the  remainder 
of  the  following  ?  — 

"  Come  take  out  the  lasses,  and  let's  have  a  dance, 
For  the  bishops  allow  iis  to  skip  our  fill ; 
Well  knowing  that  no  one's  the  more  in  advance 

On  the  road  to  heaven  for  standing  still ; 
And  should  we  be  for  a  maj-pole  driven, 

Some  long  lank  saint  of  aspect  fell, 
With  his  pockets  on  earth  and  his  nose  in  heaven. 
Will  do  for  a  mavpole  just  as  well." 
I  am   told  the   above  was  printed  when  Sir 
Andrew  Agnew  brought  a  bill  into  Parliament 
for  the  "Better  {Bitter,  sc.)  Observance  of  the 
Sabbath."  Sinister  La^n-kland. 

Leeds. 

Wtmondham  Pte.  —  John  Paston,  writing  to 
his  brother  Sir  John  Paston,  September  21,  1472, 


"  I  shall  so  purvey  for  them  and  ever  ye  come  to 
Xorwich,  and  they  with  you,  that  they  shall  have  as 
dainty  victuals,  and  as  great  plenty  thereof  for  Id.,  as 
they  shall  have  of  the  Treasures  of  Calais  for  Ibd. ;  and 
ye.  peradventure  a  Pye  of  Wymondham  to  boot." — Fenn's 
Paston  Letters,  vol.  ii.  p.  111. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  us  what  a 
Wymondham  pie  was  oris?  We  used  to  have 
"Dereham  gingerbread."  W^e  have  come  upon 
"Diss  bread,"  but  .  I  have  never  heard  of  a 
"  Wymondham  pye."  A.  D. 

Xorwich. 


Lanquet's  Chronicle,  etc.  —  I  have  an  old 
black-letter  volume  (date  1560)  containing  an 
epitome  of  Chronicles  from  the  Creation  down  to 
Queen's  Elizabeth's  time,  begun  by  Lanquette, 
continued  by  Cooper.  Is  it  well  known,  and  what 
is  its  value  as  regards  authenticity  ?  Here  are 
some  notes  from  it,  to  which  I  would  append  one 
or  two  queries  :  — 

"  1526.  Docteur  Barnes,  a  frier  Augustine,  bare  a  fag- 
gotte  before  the  Cardinall  in  Paules,  for  opinions  touch- 
}Tige  Luther's  doctrine." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  bearing  a  fagot  in 
Paul's  ? 

"1528.  Come  was  verie  deare  in  Englande,  and  had 
beene  much  dearer,  had  it  not  beene  the  good  provision  of 
the  marchantes  of  the  Stylliarde,  and  an  abstinence  of 
warre  betweene  Englande  and  Flaunders." 

Who  were  these  merchants  ? 
"  1530.  One  boyled  in  Smithfielde  at  London  for  poy- 
sonjTig." 

Was  this  a  judicial  sentence  or  mob  law,  and  is 
there  any  other  recorded  instance  of  this  punish- 
ment? C.  H.W. 

[(1.)  Lanquet's  C/ironicZe  is  well  known,  and  the  prices 
it  has  fetched  may  be  seen  in  Bohn's  Lowndes,  and  some 
account  of  the  different  editions  in  "  X.  &  Q."  1=*  S.  \Mi. 
494.  The  first  two  parts  of  it,  and  the  beginning  of  the 
tliird,  were  by  Thomas  Lanquet;  the  remainder  by 
Bishop  Cooper  :  hence  it  is  sometimes  called  Cooper's 
Chronicle. 

(2.)  "  Bearing  a  fagot "  was  part  of  the  penance  per- 
formed by  heretics  at  their  pubUc  recantation.  The  cere- 
mony is  circumstantially  described  by  Foxe  in  his  storj' 
of  Doctor  Barnes.  On  this  occasion  Cardinal  Wolse^' 
was  seated  on  a  scaffold  in  St.  Paul's ;  and  after  Dr. 
Heath,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  had  preached  against  Luther 
and  Dr.  Barnes, "  a  great  fire  was  made  afore  the  roode 
of  Xorthen  to  bum  the  great  baskets  full  of  bookes,  and 
the  heretikes  to  go  thrise  about  the  fire,  and  to  cast  in 
their  fagots." 

(3.)  The  Stilliard,  or  Steelyard,  was  in  Upper  Thames 
Street,  a  place  where  the  King's  steelyard,  or  beam,  was 
erected  for  weighing  the  tonnage  of  goods  imported  into 
London.  It  was  the  rendezvous  of  the  merchants  of  Hanse 
and  Almaine,  who  are  said  to  have  obtained  a  settlement 


3"»  S.  XI.  April  27,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


-as  early  as  1250.  (Cunningham's  London.)  On  Wednesday, 
August  5,  1863,  the  extensive  range  of  buildings  known 
as  Dowgate  Wharf,  and  the  remarkable  vestige  of  the 
ancient  Steelyard  adjoining,  were  sold  by  auction  by 
Messrs.  Willis  and  Harrow,  the  site  being  required  for 
the  City  extension  of  the  Charing  Cross  Railway. 

(4.)  The  case  of  boiling  cited  is  that  of  Richard  Rouse,  a 
cook,  who  poisoned  some  soup  in  the  kitchen  of  the  Bishop 
■of  Rochester,  which  caused  tlie  death  of  seventeen  persons. 
He  was  sentenced  to  be  boiled  to  death  by  the  Act  of 
22  Hen.  VIII.  c.  9.  This  act  was  repealed  by  1  Edw.  VI. 
c,  12,  and  1  Mary,  stat.  1,  c.  1.  (See  "  N,  &  Q."  1='  S.  v. 
.^2,  112,  184:.)  May  not  this  horrible  punishment  have 
been  the  origin  of  the  phrases  "  getting  oneself  into  hot 
water,"  and  being  "  sent  to  pot "  ?  ] 

The  Paedok  of  Matnooth. — The  garrison  had 
the  pardon  of  Maynooth,  and  were  hanged  to  a 
man."  (Fronde's  History,  iy.  72.)  Can  yon  give 
nie  the  particulars  relating  to  this  "pardon  of 
Maynooth  "  ?  Noel  H.  EoEmsoif. 

[The  origin  of  this  pi-overb  may  be  traced  to  the  early 
lustorical  notices  of  the  surrender  of  the  castle  of  Maj'- 
nooth  to  Sir  William  Skeffington  in  the  month  of  March, 
1535,  and  which  has  been  attributed  by  Stanihurst  (in 
Holinshed)  to  the  treachery  of  the  governor  of  the  castle, 
■Christopher  Paris,  or  Parese.  "  Parese,"  says  Stanihurst, 
"  determined  to  go  an  ase  beyond  his  fellows  in  betraying 
the  castle,  and  shot  a  letter  indorsed  to  the  lord  deputy, 
promising  he  would  devise  means  that  the  castle  should 
be  taken,  so  that  he  might  have  a  sum  of  money  for  his 
pains,  and  a  competency  during  his  life.  After  the  castle 
Iiad  surrendered,  Paris  not  misdoubting  but  that  he 
should  be  dubbed  knight  for  his  service,  presented  himself 
Tjefore  the  governor  with  a  cheerful  countenance.  The 
deputy,  however,  very  coldlj'  and  sternh'  casting  his  eye 
upon  him,  said, '  Parese,  I  am  to  thank  thee  on  my  mas- 
ter the  king  his  behalf  for  this  thy  proffered  sen-ice,  and 
•when  his  majesty  shall  be  thereof  advertised,  I  dare  be 
liold  to  say  that  he  will  not  see  thee  lack  during  thy  life. 
And  because  I  may  be  the  better  instructed  how  to  re- 
"Avard  thee,  I  would  gladlj'  learn  what  thy  lord  and 
master  bestowed  on  thee.'  With  these  mild  speeches, 
Parese  left  not  untold  the  meanest  good  turn  he  ever 
received  at  his  lord's  hand.  '  Why,  Parese,'  quoth  the 
deputy,  '  couldest  thou  find  in  thy  heart  to  betray  his 
castle  that  hath  been  so  good  a  lord  to  thee  ?  Truly, 
thou  that  art  so  hollow  to  hin*  wilt  never  be  true  to  us.' 
Then  turning  to  his  ofBcers,  he  commanded  them  to 
deliver  to  Parese  the  sum  of  money  promised  to  him,  and 
after  that  to  chop  off  his  head."  This  natty  story,  we 
suspect,  has  been  told  of  other  fortresses  betrayed  to 
enemies  long  before  the  capture  of  Maynooth.] 

Dyers'  Company. — Can  you  give  me  respect- 
ing the  Dyers'  Company  similar  information  to 
that  asked  for  by  (t.  W.  M.  respecting  the  Drapers' 
Company  ?  Qtxerctjbfs. 

[The  Dyers'  Company  was  incorporated  by  Henry  VI., 
Feb.  16, 1471 ;  but  that  monarch  having  died  a  few  days 


after  the  decisive  battle  of  Tewkesbury,  fought  May  4, 
1471,  Edward  IV.  regained  the  throne,  and  regranted  the 
Company's  Charter,  Dec.  2, 1472.  Their  rights  were  con- 
firmed by  Henr3'  VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  Philip  and  Mary, 
Elizabeth,  and  on  June  30,  160G,  by  James  I.  :  reincor- 
porated bj'  Charter  of  Queen  Anne,  April  2G,  1704,  which 
charter  declares  that  no  person  shall  exercise  the  busi- 
ness or  craft  of  a  Dj^er  in  the  city  of  London,  or  within 
ten  miles  of  the  same,  unless  free  of  this  Company.  This 
was  formerly  one  of  the  twelve  great  companies ;  but  in 
consequence  of  a  dispute  between  them  and  the  Cloth- 
workers,  as  to  preeminence  in  all  processions,  as  well  as 
in  all  other  "  goyings,  standynes,  and  rydings,"  the  latter 
company  obtained  the  precedence  of  theili  in  the  reign  of 
Henrj^  VIII.  There  was  one  notable  privilege  granted 
to  the  Dyers'  Company,  the  right  of  keeping  swans  on 
the  Thames,  which  in  1837  is  said  to  have  cost  them  200Z. ; 
and  for  the  promoting  of  good-fellowship  among  its  mem- 
bers, a  pleasant  "  swan-upping "  pic-nic  excursion  was 
most  piously  and  dulj'  observed,  to  keep  a  sharp  look- 
out after  these  royal  birds.  At  the  death  of  poor  Elkanah 
Settle  in  1724  the  office  of  the  City  Poet  Laureate  was 
injudiciously  abolished ;  but  it  is  some  consolation  to 
find  that  the  annual  dinners  of  the  various  liveries  were 
not  ignored  with  it.  The  pi-esent  Master  of  the  Dj'ers' 
Companj^  is  H.  Thompson,  Esq.  ;  Warden,  A.  Sargood, 
Esq.  ;  Clerk,  Mr.  Henry  Batt,  10,  Dowgate  Hill. 

There  is  no  separate  history  of  the  Company,  but  the 
following  papers,  relating  to  it  have  been  printed  :  1.  The 
new  Charter  granted  to  it,  2  James  II.  1G86,  on  their  sur- 
render to  the  crown  of  aU  their  former  Charters.  2.  An 
Abstract  of  the  Grants  in  the  Charter  of  the  Company, 
fol.  168G.  3.  Petition  of  the  Company  against  the  impor- 
tation of  Logwood.  4.  The  true  Case  of  the  Silk  Throw- 
sters, Weavers,  and  Dyers,  with  their  Petition  to  Parlia- 
ment ;  and  an  account  of  the  Act  intended  to  be  made  on 
their  behalf.  5.  List  of  the  Court  of  Assistants  and 
Livery  of  the  Company  of  Dyers,  17G9-1783.  These  do- 
cuments maj^  be  consulted  at  the  library  of  the  Corpora- 
tion of  London,  Guildhall.  An  interesting  paper  on  this 
Company  also  appeared  in  the  City  Press  of  April  5, 
18G2.] 

Pallone.  —  What  is  the  game  of  Pallone  ?  A 
friend  of  mine  has  a  picture  by  Vanvitelli  of  this 
game,  apparently  allied  to  tennis.  Men  are  strik- 
ing a  ball  from  one  to  another.  The  scene  repre- 
sents the  walls  of  some  Italian  town,  and  the 
''galleries  and  sedans/'  all  open,  are  filled  with 
gaily-dressed  personages.  An  escort  of  white- 
coated  cavalry  is  drawn  up  in  the  street,  and  the 
old  walls  are  thronged  with  spectators. 

Sebastian. 

[The  game  of  Pallone  is  not  much  known  in  this 
country ;  but  in  1865,  a  medical  gentleman  conceiving 
that  it  was  one  likely  to  find  favour  with  the  "  muscular 
Christians  "  of  merrie  old  England,  published  a  brochure 
entitled  The  Game  of  Fallone,  from  its  origin  to  the  pre- 
sent day,  historically  considered,  by  Anthon}'  L.  Fisher, 
IM.D.  with  Illustrations  by  W.  Kejmolds.    He  tells  us 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI.  ApniL  27,  '67, 


that  "  the  term  Pallone  is  applied  to  a  game  played  in 
Italy  Avith  a  large  ball,  -which  is  struck  backwards  and 
forwards  on  a  level  floor,  similar  to  the  way  in  which  the 
ball  is  struck  in  the  game  of  tennis  ;  in  fact,  the  arena  or 
locality  in  which  it  is  played  has  many  points  of  resem- 
blance to  a  tennis  court,  only  that  it  has  three  times  the 
extent."] 

Daxiel  :  Waller.  —  In  an  article,  "  Englisli 
Poetry  under  the  Stuarts,"  in  the  current  number 
of  the  Christian  Hcmernhnaiccr,  the  reviewer 
says : — 

"Daniel  may  claim  a  higher  place  (than  Drayton). 
Most  persons  know  his  quaintly  beautiful  lines  quoted  in 
Southey's  Doctor  — 
"  The  soul's  dark  mansion,  battered  and  decayed, 

Lets  in  new  light   through  chinks  which  time   has 
made." 

Does  Southey  say  that  Daniel  wrote  these  lines ; 
and  if  so,  does  he  give  any  authority  for  the  state- 
ment ?  They  are,  I  believe,  universally  ascribed 
to  Waller,  and  are  certainly  printed  as  his  in  his 
works.  The  mistake  may  perhaps  be  on  the  part 
of  the  reviewer.  A  few  pages  further  on,  pro- 
bably by  a  clerical  error  only,  Carew  instead  of 
Waller  is  made  the  hero  of  an  anecdote  after  the 
Eesf oration,  whereas  the  former  poet  died  about 
1639.  H.  P.  D. 

[We  have  glanced  through  the  edition  of  Southey's 
Doctor  of  1848  without  finding  the  quotation.  The  lines 
are  certainly  by  Waller,  and  occur  in  the  Epilogue  to  his 
"  Divine  Poems,"  composed  when  he  was  eighty-tAvo  j-ears 
of  age.] 

AijstealiajS'^  Boheraxg. — Where  can  I  find  an 
account  of  the  principle  of  the  construction  and 
use  of  the  Australian  bomerang  ? 

Joseph  Eix,  M.D. 

St.  Neots. 

[The  bomerang  is  a  crescent-shaped  piece  of  wood  with 
a  middle  section  forming  an  obtuse  triangle.  When  used 
it  is  held  by  one  of  the  horns,  and  thrown  with  a  rotatory 
motion  at  any  object.  Its  peculiarity  is  this,  that  if  the 
aim  is  missed,  as  soon  as  its  onward  motion  comes  to  an 
end,  it  returns,  and  falls  near  the  thrower,  who  is  in  con- 
sequence enabled  to  recover  his  weapon.  It  would  be 
impossible  for  us  to  explain  the  reasons  of  this  recoil 
"without  going  to  the  expense  of  more  tlian  one  compli- 
cated diagram.  Dr.  Eix  may,  however,  easily  experi- 
ment on  the  matter  himself.  He  has  only  to  take  a 
common  visiting  card,  and  balance  it  on  the  forefinger  of 
his  left  hand,  with  its  edges  a  little  elevated  in  front. 
Then  strike  it  a  sharp  blow  on  its  right  hand  posterior 
corner  with  tlie  forefinger  of  his  other  hand,  and  he  will 
find  that,  after  proceeding  a  considerable  distance,  it  will  ' 
return  and  fall  at  his  feet.  We  can  recollect  hearing  that 
.some  thirty  or  thirty-five  years  ago  one  of  the  Edinburgh 
scientific  societies  experimented  on  the  subject,  but  we 
rather  believe  their  conclusions  were  not  published.  See 
also  the  recently  published  Life  of  Jrchhhlwp  Whateli/, 
vol.  ii.  pp.  IOC,  108.    The  first  of  which  passages  is  how- 


ever erroneous,  as  the  bomerang  does  not  return  if- it 
strikes  the  object  at  which  it  is  thrown,  and  that  ofi"er.-> 
sufficient  resistance  to  alter  the  conditions  on  which  it^ 
return  depends.  ] 

Clerkexwell  Natives'  Meetixg.  —  The  Pod 
Boy  newspaper  of  Thursdaj^,  July  7,  to  Saturday, 
July  9,  1698,  contains  the  following  announce- 
ment :  — 

"  The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Gentlemen,  Natives  of  tl.r- 
Parish  of  St.  .James,  Clerkenwell,  will  be  held  on  Mo;i- 
Aaj,  the  25th  of  this  Instant  .July,  1698,  Being  St.  Jame.>'>> 
Da}'.  Tickets  maybe  had  till' the  2ord  Instant  of  Mr,. 
Wiseman  at  the  Hat  and  Bever  in  Turnmill  Street ;  Sir.. 
Vaughan,  Jlilliner,  at  the  Corner-house,  in  Grivil  Street.. 
near  Hatton  Garden  ;  Mr.  Mathera,  near  Clei-kenweli- 
Churcli-Gate ;  and  of  the  Sexton  of  the  Parish,  next 
Door  to  the  Church." 

No  notice  of  this  meeting  is  to  be  found  in 
Messrs.  Pinks  and  Wood's  Histonj  of  ClerlcemceU. 
Can  any  one  say  when  it  was  established,  and  how 
long  it  continued  to  be  held  ?  W.  H.  Husk. 

[Strype,  in  his  edition  of  Stow,  book  iv.  p.  G8,  has  the 
following  brief  notice  of  this  annual  gathering :  "  The 
natives  of  this  parish  of  Clerkenwell  used  to  have  an 
annual  meeting  and  feast,  for  the  keeping  up  friend- 
ship and  encouragement  of  charity,  and  putting  out 
yearly  a  poor  child  of  the  parish.  This  feast  was  revived 
in  the  year  1G98  :  and  there  is  a  table  hanging  up  in  the 
church,  entering  on  the  south  side,  containing  a  list  of 
the  names  of  the  stewards  that  year,  and  so  continued." 
Strype  of  course  is  speaking  of  the  old  church  demolished 
in  1788.] 


Slrijlte^. 

SCOTTISH  ARCH-EOLOGY. 
O^d  S.  xi.  194.) 

The  inscription  in  St.  Molio's  cave,  so  named", 
is  executed  in  northern  runic  characters,  and  tlie- 
language  is  pure  Norse.  "  The  reading,"  Dr. 
Wilson  says,  "  is  sufficiently  simple  and  unmis- 
takeable."  It  unfortunately  so  happens,  that  he 
does  mistake  it.  The  first  letter  of  the  interme- 
diate word  which  he  confounds  v,'ith  the  initial 
letter  of  the  alphabet  is  an  exceptional  form  of 
the  letter  t  in  the  Icelandic  word  thana,  or  tJianc, 
this.  The  inscription ^reads  Kilcidos  ilianc  raist', 
i.e.,  Nikolas  engraved  this,  plainly  referring,  not,, 
as  Dr.  Wilson  imagines,  to  the  excavation  of  the 
recess — which  has  all  the  appearance  of  a  water- 
worn  cavity — but  to  the  mere  incision  of  the  cha- 
racters which  compose  the  inscription. 

Founding  on  the  accident  of  name  the  author  of 
the  Prehistoric  Annals  connects  this  supposed 
ghostly  retreat  with  a  bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man 
who  attained  to  his  episcopate  about  the  year 
1193,  although,  in  my  opinion,  it  might  with  equal 
probability  be  connected  with  the  passage  of  the 
Israelites  "throuah  the  Eed  Sea.     Rude,  bevond 


3»d  S.  XL  April  27,  67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


335 


-nil  question,  as  were  the  habits  of  tlie  men  of 
those  times,  the  Manx  bishops  of  the  thirteenth 
century,*  if  they  at  all  resembled  their  brethren 
of  the  rest  of  Europe,  had  other  notions  of  com- 
fort than  to  burrow  in  the  damp  holes  of  an  insu- 
lated rock,  although  the  place  seems  not  unlikely 
as  an  occasional  retreat  of  the  Norse  Vikings 
scouring  the  fjords.  Had  M.  Worsaae's  history 
preceded  his  own.  Dr.  "Wilson  would  have  found 
that  en  hane  means  a  cock,  and  by  transition 
a  hen,  scottice  barn  yard  fowls,  from  which  it 
might  have  been  inferred  'twas  here  the  ghostly 
father  kept  his  poultry ! 

The  initial  cross,  it  occurs  to  me,  must  be  re- 
garded rather  as  the  symbol  of  Christianity  than 
as  denoting  the  abode  of  an  ecclesiastic.  Every 
one  conversant  with  the"  subject  knows  that 
Nikolas  is  a  common  medioeval  Danish  and  Nor- 
wegian proper  name. 

In  regard  to  tlie  name  St.  Molio,  it  may  be  rea- 
sonably doubted  if  this  veils  anything  more  sacred 
than  as  recording  the  visit  of  some  semi-heathen 
Northman,  whose  name,  Midll,j  imited  to  the  Ice- 
landic word  oc,  o  (also  ey,  e),  an  island,  seems  to 
resolve  this  "  anchorite  "  of  the  "  Prehistoric 
Annals"  into  a  figment  of  the  imagination.  The 
Norwegian  account  of  Haco's  expedition  describes 
Holy  Island  as  Mdnnmij.  The  name  Holij  (old 
Scotch  Haly)  applied  to  the  island — in  so  far  as  it 
may  not  be  a  modern  accessory  arising  out  of  the 
Teputed  sanctity  of  the  place — might  be  supposed 
to  contain  the  Scandinavian  name  Ilalli  or  Hall-r. 
That  the  view  here  propounded  is  not  altogether 
fanciful,  take  the  analogous  case  of  St.  Agnes  in 
Scilh',  pointed  out  by  the  reviewer  of  Mr.  Tay- 
lor's Words  and  Places  {Times,  March  28,  1864). 
This  appears  in  the  Rotuli  C'toice  Regis,  temp. 
Richard  I.,  and  throughout  a  line  of  later  records, 
as  Hagenes  and  Ilagncsse,  revealing  at  once  its 
northern  origin  and  mythical  prefix. 

Should  your  correspondent  still  be  sceptical,  I 
might  point  to  a  headland  close  by,  projecting 
into  the  bay  called  Zr»»lash,  known  from  time 
immenioriar  as  White  point.  On  the  western 
strand  of  Holy  Isle  is  a  place  called  Clai/chlan- 
point.  Opposite  is  the  larger  island  of  Arran,  on 
which,  distant  from  the  former  by  a  very  few 
miles,  stands  tlie  hamlet  and  castle  of  Brodiclc. 
Tills  name  is  given  in  Mr.  Innes'  map  of  the  tenth 
century,  ■  prefixed  to  his  Scotland  in  the  Middle 
Ages,  as  Bradvik,  which,  in  the  language  of  the 
Northmen,  means  Broad  Bay.  Close  to  the  last 
is  the  mountain  called  GoatieVi,  names  plainly 
suggestive  of  the  adventurous  Norsemen,  Lambi, 
Hvite,  Klak,  Arin  and  Geit,  and  of  the  migratory 

*  Heylyn  places  the  episcopate  of  Bishop  Nicolas 
between  the  j-ears  1203  and  1217. 

t  Mali-Ml  is  the  name  of  a  mountain  in  Iceland ;  an- 
other place  in  that  island  is  called  Md-\:  The  r  final  in 
tJiis  latter  is  merely  the  sign  of  the  nominative  case. 


habits  of  their  modern  representatives,  the  men  of 
the  northern  counties  of  England,  and  their  co- 
geners  the  Scotch.  J.  C.  E. 


STOXOR  FAjIILY. 


(3^''  S.  xi.  116.) 

In  January,  1493-4  (9  Henry  ^TL),  Sir  William 
Stonor,  Ivnight,  as  patron,  presented  to  the  rec- 
tory of  the  parish  church  of  Condicote,  in  the 
archdeaconry  of  Gloucester.— ( TForccsiic^r  Regis- 
ters.) 

In  10  Henry  VII.  (1494)  inquisitions  on  the 
death  of  Sir  William  Stonor,  Ivnight,  were  taken 
in  the  counties  of  Cornwall,  Kent,  Middlesex,  and 
Southampton.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  left  a 
son  and  daughter,  John  and  Ann  Stonor,  minors 
under  age,  whose  wardship  and  marriage  were 
granted  to  Sir  John  Fortescue  of  Punsborne, 
Herts,  Ivaight,  of  the  Body  to  King  Henry  VII.  Sir 
John  Fortescue,  in  consequence,  eftected  a  double 
comiection  between  his  wards  and  himself  by  the 
marriages  of  John  Stonor  with  his  daughter  INIary 
Fortescue,  and  of  Ann  Stonor  with  his  younger 
son,  Sir  Adrian  Fortescue. 

On  Dec.  4,  10  Henry  VII.  (1494),  and  again  in 
Sept.,  12  Henry  VII,  (1496),  Sir  John  Fortescue, 
as  guardian  of  John  Stonor,  held  a  manor  court 
of  the  manors  of  Bourton  and  Condicote,  co.  Glou- 
cester, they  being  part  of  the  Stonor  estates.— 
(Exchequer,  Ancient  Miscellanea,  P.  R.  O.) 

In  Feb.,  1496-7  (12  Henry  VII.)  Sir  John  For- 
tescue, Knight,  as  guardian  of  John  Stonor,  a 
minor,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  William  Stonor,  Knight, 
late  deceased,  patron  of  the  living,  presented  to 
the  rectory  of  the  parish  church  of  Brightwell- 
Baldwyn,  in  the  archdeaconry  of  Oxford. — {Lin- 
coln Registers.) 

John  Stonor,  dying  without  issue  in,  or  about, 
12  Henry  VII.,  1496-7,  all  his  possessions  passed 
to  his  only  sister  and  nearest  heir,  Ann,  then  wife 
of  Sir  Adrian  Fortescue,  Knight;  and  Mary,  his 
widow,  afterwards  married  Anthony  Fetyplace,  of 
Childrey,  Berks,  Esquire  of  the  Body  to  Henry 
VII.,  by  whom,  who  died  in  1510,  she  had  issue. 
—  {Fetyplace  jJedigrce.) 

In  14  Henry  VII.  (1498),  disputes  having  arisen 
as  to  the  right  of  succession  to  the  Stonor  lands, 
between  Sir  Adrian  Fortescue,  Knight,  in  right  of 
Ann  his  v.nfe,  daughter  and  heir  general  of  Sir 
William  Stonor,  Knight,  deceased,  and  Thomas 
Stonor,  Esq.,  brother  of  Sir  William,  claiming 
under  an  entail  created  by  their  father  Thomas 
Stonor, — the  case  was  referred  to  the  arbitration 
of  Sir  John  Fyneux,  Knight,  Chief  Justice  of  the 
King's  Bench,  and  Sir  Reginald  Bray,  Knight, 
Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of Xancaster,' who  made 
their  award  according!}'. — {Exchequer,  Ancient 
Miscellanea,  P.  R.  O.) 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  Apeil  27,  '67. 


In  July,  1502  (17  Hemy  VH.),  Sir  Adrian  For- 
tescue  and  Ann  his  wife,  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir 
William  Stonor,  Knight,  deceased,  as  patrons, 
presented  to  the  rectory  of  the  parish  church  of 
Brightwell-BaldwjTi,  in  the  archdeaconry  of  Ox- 
ford.— {Lincoln  Begisters.') 

Ann,  Lady  Fortescue,  died  at  Stonor,  on  June 
14,  1518  (10  Henry  VHI.),  and  her  body  was 
iDuried  at  Pirton,  co.  Oxford.  Sir  Adrian,  on 
March  31,  16  Henry  Ylll.  (1525),  had  her  re- 
mains removed  and  reburied  in  the  chapel  of  the 
priory  of  Bisham,  Berks,  under  a  costly  monu- 
ment of  Purheck  marble.  After  the  suppression 
of  that  monastery  he  again  removed,  in  August, 
30  Henry  YHI.  '(1538),  both  the  body  and  the 
tomb  to  their  final  resting-place  in  the  parish 
chui'ch  of  Brightwell-Baldwyn. — {Exchequer,  An- 
cient Miscellanea,  P.  JR.  O.) 

She  left  two  surviving  daughters — Frances,  the 
second,  died  without  issue,  having  married  Thomas 
Fitzgerald,  Lord  Offaley,  who,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-five,  was  attainted  of  treason,  and  be- 
headed in  the  Tower,  in  Feb.,  27  Henry  YHI. 
(1536-7).  Margaret,  the  eldest  daughter  and  sole 
survii-ing  heir  of  her  mother,  married  Thomas, 
Lord  Wentworth,  and  had  issue. 

Sir  Adrian  Fortescue  was  of  the  party  who 
assisted  Henry  YH.  in  acquiring  the  crown.  He 
was  created  a  knight-banneret,  and  became  a 
knight  of  the  order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  and 
is  said  to  have  distinguished  himself  atBosworth- 
field,  and  in  the  Battle  of  S2mrs.  As  a  knight 
of  St.  John,  some  account  of  him  is  given  in 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  1^'  S.  vii.  628;  P'  S.  viii.  189;  and 
2"'^  S.  vi.  34. 

The  date  of  his  death  is  abeady  given  in  3'^'' 
S.  xi.  183  ;  but  it  may  be  added  that  the  cause  of 
his  refusal  to  acknowledge  Henry  YIII.'s  supre- 
macy was  his  holding  himself  bound  by  the  oath 
of  his  order  as  a  Imight  of  St.  John :  a  like  cause 
whereby  many  of  his  brother  knights  of  the  order 
fell  a  sacrifice  to  the  king's  implacable  fury. 

B.  W.  Gkeei^field. 

Southampton. 

TENXYSON'S  «  ELAIXE." 
(3'-'»  S.  xi.  215.) 

I  think  I  can  give  tolerably  satisfactory  replies 
to  certain  localities  mentioned  in  Denkhal's 
queries  respecting  this  idyl.  On  referring  to  the 
History  of  King  AriJmr,  edited  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Wright  (ed.  1858),  vol.  i.  p.  59, 1  find  a  note  to 
this  effect:  — 

"  Camelot — This  -(vas  the  place  now  called  Camel,  near 
South  Cadburj-,  in  Somersetshire,  where  the  vast  en- 
trenchments of  an  ancient  town  or  station  are  still  seen. 
Strange  enough,  our  romance  a  little  further  on  identities 
Camelot,  very  erroneously,  with  AViuchester ;  and  Cax- 
ton,  as  appears  by  his  preface,  imagined  it  to  be  in 
Wales." 


Drayton,  in  the  third  song  of  the  Poly-Olbionf 

says,  in  speaking  of  King  Arthur  — 
"  Like  Camelot,  what  place  was  ever  j^et  renowned  ? 
Where,  as  at  Caerleon  oft,  he  kept  the  Table  Round, 
Most  famous  for  the  sports  at  Pentecost  so  long, 
Prom  whence  all  knightly  deeds  and  brave  achieve- 
ments sprung." 

It  is  but  a  step  from  the  sublime  to  the  ridicu- 
lous :  Camelot  is  famous  as  the  scene  of  jousts 
held  by  — 

"  Uther's  son 
Begirt  with  British  and  Armoric  knights  " ; 

and  it  was  also  famous  for  geese !  Shakspearian 
students  will  of  course  remember  the  lines  in  the 
second  act  of  King  Lear  — 

•'  Goose,  if  I  had  you  upon  Samm  plain, 
I'd  drive  ye  cackling  home  to  Camelot." 

Mr.  Charles  Knight,  however,  in  a  note  on  this 
passage,  says  it  is  doubtful  if  geese  are  alluded 
;  to.  He  supposes  with  Warburton  that  some  pro- 
'  verbial  speech  in  the  old  romances  of  Arthur  has 
i  supplied  the  allusion.  This  may  or  may  not  be 
'  the  case. 

I  Astolat.  At  p.  201,  vol.  iii.,  of  the  above-men- 
tioned history,  it  is  said  that  "  the  king  lodged  in 
a  town  called  Astolat,  which  is  now  in  English 
called  Gilford,"  on  which  ISIr.  Wright  has  this 
note : — 

"  Guildford  in  Surrey  is  no  doubt  the  place  alluded  to  ; 
but  I  am  not  aware  that  the  name  of  Astolat,  or  Astolot, 
is  given  to  it  in  any  authentic  history." 

I  think  the  following  passage  (vol.  iii.  p.  227) 
is  conclusive  as  to  the  — 

"  Shrine  which  then  in  all  the  realm 
Was  richest," 

where  Elaine  was  buried :  — 

"  So  when  she  (Elaine)  was  dead,  the  corpse  and  th&^ 
bed  and  all  was  led  the  next  (i.  e.  nearest)  way  unto  the 
Thames,  and  there  a  man  and  the  corpse  and  all  were  put 
in  a  barge  on  the  Thames,  and  so  the  man  steered  the 
barge  to  Westminster,  and  there  he  rowed  a  great  whde 
to  and  fro  or  (before)  anj'  man  espied  it." 

In  the  next  chapter  it  is  stated  that  "  on  the 
morrow  she  was  richly  buried,"  certainly,  from  the 
context,  at  Westminster. 

The  place  where  the  Great  King  held  his 
court  — 

"  Hard  on  the  river  nigh  the  place  which  now 
Is  this  world's  hugest," 

is  also,  I  think,  Westminster,  which  in  those  Aaja 
was  nigh  to,  not,  as  now,  part  of  London.  From 
all  this,  the  river  which  De^'K^ial  mentions  must 
be  the  "  silver-streaming  Thames."  I  trust  these 
few  remarks  may  furnish  your  correspondent  with 
the  information  he  is  seeking. 

JoifATHAIf  BOUCHIEK. 
5,  Selwood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 


S^d  S.  XI.  April  27,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


337 


GAB :  ROCKSTAFF. 
(3'd  S.  xi.  215.) 
The  A.-S.  f/abban means  to  cheat,  delude,  mock; 
the  Old  English  gabbe  is  to  lie,  or  to  tattle.     In 
Hartshorne's  Shro2)shire  Glossary  we  find  — 

"  Gah,  s.  1.  Small  talk,  fluent  utterance  of  nonsense. 
Ex.  '  The  gift  of  the  gab:  Neither  the  accomplishment 
nor  the  phrase  seem  peculiar  to  Salopians.  2.  The  mouth. 
Ex.  '  Hand  your  gab:  " 

He  also  gives  "  Gab,  v.  to  prate.  Ex.  'He's  a 
sort  o'  mon,  ye  sin,  as  is  always  a-gabUng  about 
other  folk's  business,  o'erts  a-minding  his  own. '  " 
Compare  — 

"  I  gabbe  not,  so  have  I  jo^ye  and  bliss." 

Chaucei",  Noniies  Preestes  Tale. 

There  is  also  the  v.  gabber,  to  talk  idly,  which 
is  the  0.  N.  gabba;  Ita'l.  gabbare,  and  so  on. 

Hence  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  is  clear,  and 
there  is  little  doubt  of  its  antiquity ;  the  probabi- 
lity is  that  its  origin  is  lost  in  the  dimness  of  an- 
tiquity, and  cannot  now  be  recovered. 

A  rochstaff  is  no  doubt  a  distaff.  Thus  the 
O,  Eng.  rocke  means  a  distafl',  as  in  the  follow- 
ing:— 

"  The  good  wyfe  rawte  hvm  a  rocke. 

The  WrighCs  '^Chaste  Wife,  1.  503  ; 

i.  e.  reached  him  a  distaff,  as  the  context  shows.    I 
remember  it  well  in  Uhland's  last  ballad  — 
"  Ein  Weibleiu,  grau  von  Haaren, 
Dort  an  dem  Rocken  spann." 

Again :  it  must  be  carefully  observed  that  the 
Du.  verb  rokken  means — (1)  to  wind  on  a  distaff; 
(2)  to  contrive  or  plot.  When  we  connect  this 
with  the  phrases  "  weaving  a  story  "  and  "  spin- 
ning a  yarn,"  it  is  not  difficult  to  see  that  a  rock- 
staff  may  mean  a  contrivance,  a  wise  saying.  Nor 
is  this  all,  for  we  find  in  German  that  from  rocke)i, 
a  distaft",  is  formed  the  compound  noun  rocken- 
weisheit,  meaning  "  old  woman's  philosophy,"  ac- 
cording to  Fliigel ;  literally,  it  means  "  distafi- 
wisdom."  Walter  W,  Skeat. 


In  reply  to  W.  H.  S.,  who  wishes  to  know  the 
origin  of  the  phrase,  "  The  gift  of  the  gab,"  I  beg 
to  inform  him  that  gab  is  a  Scotch  word  for 
mouth,  and  that  to  gab,  in  the  sense  of.  to  talk 
idly  or  tell  lies,  is  used  by  Chaucer,  as  in  the  fol- 
lowinpr 


"  'Nay,  Christ  forbid  it  for  his  holy  blood,' 
Quod  tho  this  selyman, '  I  am  no  labbe ; 
No,  though  I  say  it,  I  n'am  not  lefe  to  gabbe:  " 

The  Miller's  Tale. 
"  Here  moun  ye  see  that  dremes  ben  to  drede. 
And  cei-tes  in  the  same  book  I  rede. 
Eight  in  the  nexte  chapitre  after  this, 
(I  gabbe  not,  so  have  I  joye  and  bliss) ." 

The  Nonnes  Preestes  Tale. 

Kichardson  (whose  dictionary  is  a  small  library 
in  itself)  says  that  the  A.-S.  verb  gabban  means 


'^'  to  scoff,  to  mock,  to  delude,  to  flout,  to  gibe,  or 
jest";  and  he  conjectures  that  both  gibberish  and 
gabble^  are  derived  from  this.  In  my  Italian-Eng- 
lish dictionary, /7fiZ»6ffi  is  defined  as  "jest,  mockery, 
raillery,  banter."  Eichardson  defines  the  phrase, 
"  the  gift  of  the  gab "  as  "  the  gift  of  speaking 
plausibly  and  fiueutly;  of  making  the  best  of  a 
bad  cause." 

In  the  following  lines  from  Burns's  "Halloween," 
gab  is  used  in  its  Scotch  signification  of  mouth  — 
"  Till  buttered  so'ns,  wi'  fragrant  hint, 
Set  a'  their  gabs  a-steerin'." 

Webster  says  that  gab  in  Danish  also  means 
mouth.  Jonathan  Botjchiee. 

1.  "  The  gift  of  the  gab."  Gab  is  derived  from 
Dutch  gabberen,  to  jabber;  Scot,  gah ;  Gaelic,  gob, 
the  beak.  Thus  gabble  is  to  talk  rapidly  vnthout 
meaning ;  i.  e.  to  utter  sounds  like  fowls. 

2.  "She  is  so  full  of  her  old  woman's  rock- 
staffs.^'  This  latter  word  means  a  distaff",  derived 
from  German  rocken;  0.  G.  rocho ,-  Swed.  rock, 
from  riicken,  to  move,  push,  or  pull.  Mr.  Hall,  in 
his  Dialect  and  Provincialism  of  East  Anglia,  quotes 
the  German  rocken-iveisheit,  old  woman's  philoso- 
phy, in  connection  with  the  word  rockstaft". 

John  Piggot,  Jun. 

I  believe  I  can  satisfactorily  answer  one  of  W. 
H.  S.'s  queries — that  relating  to  the  phrase  "  The 
gift  of  the  gab."  Zachary  Boyd,  an  eminent 
Scottish  divine  of  the  seventeenth  century,  trans- 
lated large  portions  of  Holy  Scripture  into  vernacu- 
lar verse.  Many  of  his  lines  are  sufficiently  simple, 
a  circumstance  which  induced  the  witty  and  irre- 
verent Samuel  Colvil  to  parody  certain  passages  of 
his  translation.  -Thus  did  the  satirist  represent 
Boyd  as  translating  the  first  verse  of  the  Book  of 
Job:  — 

"  There  was  a  man  called  Job 

Dwelt  in  the  land  of  Uz ; 
He  had  a  good  gift  of  the  gob. 

The  same  case  happen  us." 

In  Scotland  these  lines  are  almost  universally 
supposed  to  have  been  actually  composed  by 
Boyd,  and  they  are  often  quoted.  I  feel  certain 
that  Colvil  is  the  original  author  of  the  phrase. 
He  published  his  "  Mock  Poem  "  in  1681.  The 
words  gob  and  gab  are  synonymous,  gob  being  the 
older  form.  Charles  Eogees,  LL.D. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


1.  Gab  is  mouth.  One  who  has  the  gift  of  the 
gab  is  one  who  has  a  power  of  jaw. 

2.  A  rocking  was  a  friendly  meeting,  to  which 
the  women  brought  their  rock  and  distaff,  and 
afterwards  their  spinning-wheels.  In  fact,  some- 
thing similar  to  the  quilting  meetings  of  America. 

It  was  the  custom  for  the  ladies'  sweethearts  to 
attend  these  meetings ;  and  Jamieson,  in  his  Die- 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S-^d  S.  XI.  ArraL  27 


tionary,  gives  the  following  extract  from  the  Edin- 
btin/h  Magazine,  Sept.  1818,  p.  lo3  :  — 

"  It  was  the  custom   at  rockings  to  entertain  each 
other  with  stories  of  ghosts,  &c. ;  and  he  was  esteemed 
the  most  acceptable  rocker  Avhose  memory  was  most  plen- 
tifullj'  stored  with  such  thrilling  narratives," 
Biu-ns  alludes  to  the  custom  — 
"  On  Fasten  e'en  we  had  a  rocking 
To  ca'  the  ci'ack  and  weave  our  stockin, 
And  there  was  muckle  fun  and  jokin." 

Geoege  Veee  Irving. 


If  W.  H.  S.  will  consult  Hotten's  Slam/  Dic- 
tionary he  will  find  it  stated  that  we  have  the 
word  (job  from  the  Anglo-Norman,  and  that  it  is 
also  found  in  Old  Norse  and  Danish.  Bailey- 
admits  the  verb  to  gdbb,  -with  the  meaning  "  to 
prate,  to  tattle,"  into  his  Dictionarj^  and  gives 
Chaucer's  name  as  an  authority  for  its  use.  Its 
offspring  riahhh  is  familiar  to  everyone.  Sir  Walter 
Scott  makes  Dick  Tin  to  say : — 

"  Your  characters,  my  dear  Pattieson,  make  too  much 
use  of  the  gob-box;  they  patter  too  much — (an  elegant 
phraseologj'  which  Dick  had  learned  while  painting  the 
.scenes  of  an  itinerant  companj-  of  players)  ;  '  there  is 
nothing  in  whole  pages  but  mere  chat  and  dialogue.'  " — 
Bride  of  Lammermoor,  c.  i. 

St.  Savithin. 


PEWS. 
(3^''  S.  xi."  46,  107,  198.) 
It  is  very  easy  to  prove  by  our  law  books  that 
there  were  not  only  fixed  seats  and  pews  in  our 
churches  before  the  Reformation,  but  that  they 
were  perfectly  lawful.  In  the  earliest  case  we 
have  met  with,  it  was  doubted  whether  the  Ec- 
clesiastical Courts  had  not  exclusive  jurisdiction 
over  the  right  to  seats  in  Churches.*  But  it  was 
settled  in  the  time  of  James  I.,  that  where  a  seat 
was  claimed  by  prescription,  the  right  must  be 
tried  in  a  common  law  court,  and  it  was  then  held 
that  if  any  man  has  a  house  in  a  parish,  and  he 
and  they  whose  estate  he  has  in  the  house  have 
been  used  to  sit  in  a  certain  seat  in  the  bod}^  of 
the  church  from  time  whereof  the  memory  of  man 
runneth  not  to  the  contrary,  in  consideration  that 
he  and  they  have  during  all  that  time  been  accus- 
tomed to  repair  the  seat,  this  is  a  good  prescription, 
and  he  is  entitled  to  the  seat,  and  neither  the 
ordinary  nor  any  one  else  can  lawfully  interfere 
with  him  in  the  use  of  it.f  AnA.  the'  same  law 
was  referred  to  in  the  Year  Book  of  8  Hen.  ^'11., 
fol.  12,  by  Hussey  .Justice. 

_  Now  a  prescription  must  have  existed  from 
time  whereof  the  memory  of  man  runneth  not  to 
the  contrary,  that  is,  as  far  back  as  the  beginning 


of  the  reign  of  Richard  I.,  a.d.  1189.  The  courts, 
therefore,  must  have  been  satisfied  in  the  time  of 
.Tames  I.  that  fixed  seats  did  exist  long  before  the 
Reformation ;  and  the  reference  in  the  Year  Booh 
to  a  prescriptive  right  to  a  seat  plainly  shows, 
that  in  fact  fixed  seats  did  at  that  time  exist  in 
churches  ;  indeed  in  that  case  it  is  stated  that  the 
seat  was  fastened  and  joined  to  the  ground ;  and, 
I  need  hardly  add,  that  a  prescription  could  not 
attach  to  a  moveable  seat. 

A  prescription  for  a  pew  is  supposed  to  rest 
upon  a  lost  faculty.  It  is  plain,  therefore,  that 
the  courts  must  have  considered  that  the  ordinary 
had  power,  at  least  from  the  time  of  Richard  I.,  to 
grant  the  use  of  a  pew  in  perpetuity,  or  at  least 
to  a  person  inhabiting  a  particular  house  to  be 
used  by  him  and  his  family,  and  by  the  suc- 
cessive owners  and  occupiers  of  the  house.     - 

It  is  perfectly  true,  however,  that  all  pews  and 
seats,  which  are  not  held  either  imder  a  faculty  or 
by  prescription,  are  for  the  use  of  the  parishioners 
in  general ;  but  it  is  quite  a  mistake  to  suppose 
that  any  parishioner  has  a  right  to  take  possession 
of  any  2}articulnr  seat  which  he  prefers.  His  right 
is  to  sit  in  so7ne  place ;  but  it  is  for  the  church- 
wardens, as  the  officers,  and  subject  to  the  control 
of  the  ordinary,  "  for  avoiding  contention  in  the 
church  or  chapel,  and  the  more /quiet  and  better 
service  of  God,  and  jjlacing  men  according  to  their 
qualities  and  degrees,  to  take  order  for  the  placing 
the  parishioners  in  the  church  or  chapel."  *  So 
in  Corven's  case, t  it  is  said  that  "it  is  to  be 
presumed  that  the  ordinary,  who  hath  the  cure  of 
souls,  wiU  take  order  in  such  cases,  according  to 
right  and  conveniency ;  that  is  to  say,  to  take  care 
that  Gentlemen  may  have  places  Jit  for  tJietn,  and 
the  poor  people  fit  places  for  them  alsop  % 

Another  mistake  is  to  suppose  that  it  is  neces- 
sary for  the  churchwardens  on  everj^  Sunday  to 
point  out  to  the  parishioners  the  seats  they  are  to 
occupy.  The  churchwardens  may  once  for  all 
place  any  person  in  a  pew,  and  he  may  sit  there 
for  the  future,  until  they  revoke  their  leave  and 
displace  him  ;  and,  as  long  as  their  leave  remains 
unrevoked,  no  other  parishioner  can  justify  dis- 
turbing him.§ 

The  churchwardens  and  the  ordinary  are  the 
only  persons  who  have  any  authority  over  the 
pews  or  seats,  and  neither  the  clergyman  nor  the 
vestry  have  any  right  whatever  to  interfere  with 
the  churchwardens  in  seating  and  arranging  the 
parishioners.  II 

Since  the  preceding  matter  was  written,  I  have 
accidentally  met  with  a   strong  confirmation   of 


*  FearJBooA,  SHen.YIL,  fol.  12. 

t  Hussey  v.  Layton,  12  Rep.  105,  cited  3  Inst.  202. 
Crosse's  Case,  2  RoUe  Abr.  Prohibition  (G.)  pi.  3.  Boothbv 
v.  Baily,  Hob.  R.  69.  ' 


*  3  Inst.  202. 
t  12  Rep.  104. 

I  Citing  the   Year  Book,  8  Hen.  VII.,  fol.  12,  where 
Hussev  J.  said  the  same  thing. 

^  Rogers,  E.L.  171. 

II  Per  Sir  J.  Nicholl,  2  Add.  R.  435.  Fuller  v.  Lane. 


3rd  s.  XI.  April  27,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


what  I  have  advanced  respecting  fixed  seats.  In 
16G4  there  was  a  question  much  argued  whether, 
a  man  having  been  accidentally  killed  by  a  bell- 
rope  in  Axminster  Church,  the  bell  was  forfeited 
as  a  deodand,  and  one  ground  strongly  urged 
against  its  being  forfeited  was,  that  it  was  fixed 
to  and  parcel  of  the  freehold  5  and  it  was  con- 
tended that  "  a  steeple  was  just  as  incomplete  with- 
out bells  as  a  church  without  pulpit  or  seats,  or  a 
house  without  doors ;  "  and  the  only  authority 
cited  as  to  seats  is  the  same  Year  Book  I  have 
before  referred  to  in  this  note.*  Nothing  could 
more  clearly  prove  that  fixed  seats  were  not  only 
considered  lawful  more  than  two  hundred  years 
ago,  but  at  that  time  they  were  considered  to 
have  been  lawful  at  least  as  far  back  as  the  eighth 
Henry  VII. 

I  should  not  have  written  this  paper  for 
^'  X.  &  Q."  unless  it  had  been  for  the  purpose  of 
setting  at  rest  a  question  of  fact  as  to  the  existence 
of  seats ;  and  having  begun  it  for  that  purpose,  I 
was  led  to  advert  to  some  other  points  on  which 
much  misapprehension  prevails,  and  from  which 
I  have  known  dissensions  to  arise  in  parishes 
between  persons  whom  every  right-minded  man 
must  ^vish  to  see  living  in  perfect  harmony. 

C.  S.  G. 


Your  correspondent  P.  E.  M.,  seems  to  have 
studied  the  question  of  pews  a  little  closer  since  he 
wrote  his  oft-hand  assertion,  that  "  until  the  Re- 
formation seats  of  any  kind  were  exceptional  in 
churches,  and  appear  to  have  been  first  introduced 
for  the  benefit  of  women."  Consequently  his 
whole  position  is  altered.  We  are  now  told  that 
they  owed  their  invention  to  "  the  introduction  of 
preaching.  AH  old  church  pulpits,  like  the  old 
seats,  are  marked  with  the  style  of  the  fifteenth 
century."  The  writer  might  have  said  that  almost 
all  woodwork  of  any  kind,  whether  pulpit,  rood 
lofts,  doors,  and  even  to  a  great  extent  roofs,  were 
of  the  fourteenth  or  especially  of  the  fifteenth 
centuries.  The  fact  is,  that  there  is  very  little 
woodwork  earlier  than  late  fourteenth  century, 
even  in  our  cathedrals.  Cathedral  stalls  of  the 
thirteenth  century  or  earlier  are  extremely  rare, 
and  yet,  I  presume,  that  our  cathedrals  had  stalls 
in  those  days.  The  later  fourteenth  and  the 
fifteenth  century  workers  in  wood  were  so  skilful 
that  it  became  fashionable  to  refit  all  churches  in 
those  centuries.  It  is  quite  clear  from  MSS.  that 
early  pulpits  were  frequently  moveable  boxes; 
hence  probably  among  other  reasons  they  have  dis- 
appeared just  as  almost  all  domestic  furniture  has 
done.  That  open  benches  were  the  rule  in  Eng- 
land long  before  the  Reformation,  is  proved  by 
P.  E.  M.'s  own  example.  If  out  of  sixty-three 
cliurches    the    extraordinarily  large    number  of 

*  Eex  v.  Crosse,  1  Siderfin's  Rep.  204. 


twenty  still  have  remains  of  their  ancient  open 
benches,  surely  no  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  except 
P.  E.  M.,  can  doubt  of  their  general  use.  I  should 
like  to  know  of  what  other  article  of  church  fur- 
niture in  wood,  known  to  have  been  universal,  so 
large  a  per  centage  as  one-third  of  ancient  extant 
examples  could  be  found. 

Mr.  Parker  in  his  Glossary  says  that  the  word 
podium,  from  which  pew  is  said  to  have  been 
derived,  is  mentioned  in  Durandus.  I  should  be 
obliged  for  any  other  reference  than  ch.  5,  where 
rich  men  are  said  to  be  buried,  suh  2)ropriis  podiis, 
which  appears  to  mean,  their  own  mounds  or  hills 
of  earth.  J.  C.  J. 


I  find  it  stated  in  Britton  and  Brayley's  Corn- 
icall  Illustrated,  tliat  "  the  pews  and  pulpit  of 
Bodmin  Church,"  covered  with  a  profusion  of 
carved  ornaments,  were  made  by  "  Matthew 
More,  carpenter,"  between  1491  and  1495,  and 
cost  92/.  In  a  small  volume  called  The  Bodmin 
lier/isfer,  12mo,  1827,  is  a  copy  of  a  document  or 
"  contract  for  making  chairs,  seats,  and  pulpit," 
dated  "  ANifO  1495,"  Although  much  of  the  lumber 
used  in  building  this  church  was  given  by  Sir 
John  Aruudell,  the  above  outlay  was  evidently 
met  from  the  church  funds.  Calcxtxte^^sis. 


GLASGOW:  LAXARKSHIRE  FAMILIES. 
(S'"  S.  xi.  42.) 
Mr.  Irving,  in  his  article  hereon,  quoting  from 
Oriffines  Parochiales  Scotice  the  interesting  pas- 
sage relative  to  the  migration  into  Scotland  of  the 
great  Anglo-Saxon  and  Norman  families,  whose 
descendants,  heading  the  indigenous  Scoto-Pictish 
commons,  became  in  after  years  the  magnates 
Scotice,  observes,  regarding  Mr.  Innes's  list  of 
these,  and  its  omission  of  many  equally  ancient, 
though  minor  families,  "  Even  in  Lanarkshire 
alone  we  have  the  Baillies,  the  Chancellors,  the 
Jardines  or  Gardines,  the  Loccards  or  Lockharts, 
the  Veres,  and  many  more."  I  scarcely  think 
this  remark,  though  somewhat  unduly  exalting 
their  known  antiquity,  will  please  one  of  these — 
viz.,  the  Baillies,  who,  according  to  an  old  chroni- 
cler, say  "they  are  the  Old  Balliols,"  and,  of 
com-se,  thus  already  appear  in  Mr.  Innes's  list  of 
the  magnates,  besides  boasting  the  proud  distinction 
of  lineally  representing  the  patriot  Wallace.  And 
yet,  strange  to  say,  both  claims  rest  on  an  utterly 
insecure  foundation.  Edward  and  Henry  Ballioi, 
the  onlj  sons  of  King  John,  both  died  childless, 
and  though  a  family  of  Balliols  held  lands  in  Rox- 
burghshire during  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth 
centuries,  their  relationship  is  unknown.  At  any 
rate  there  is  evidence  on  record  (^Robertson'' s  Index, 
p.  36,  No.  28),  that  the  first  Baillie  who  ap- 
peared in  Clydesdale  was  a  William  Baillie,  who 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  April  27,  '67. 


in  1367-8  received  from  King  David  Bruce  a 
grant  of  the  barony  of  Lambinistoun,  perhaps,  for 
it  is  not  quite  certain  that  he  was  the  same,  as  a 
reward  for  his  sufferings  on  David's  behalf,  when 
fighting  for  whom,  a  William  Baillie  was  made 
prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Durham,  in  1346.  There 
is  no  proof  that  he  was  related  to  John  Balliol, 
whose  arms  moreover  are  quite  different,  being 
gu.  an  orle  sa. ;  while  those  of  Baillie  of  Laming- 
ton  were  originally  az.  6  stars  or  (afterwards  9 
stars).  Besides,  had  he  been  a  Balliol,  he  would 
hardly  have  received  lands  from  David  Bruce, 
who  so  nearly  lost  his  crown  by  the  enterprise  of 
Edward  Balliol  and  the  disinherited  barons  at 
Dupplin.  The  descent  from  "Wallace,  again,  rests 
solely  on  the  3Ietrical  History  of  Blind  Harry, 
well  named  by  Lord  Hailes  a  "  romancer,"  and 
another  soi-disant  historian  of  equal  weight,  A. 
Blair,  who  tell  how  Wallace  married  the  heiress 
of  Hew  Bradfute,  of  Lamington,  and  that  he  left  a 
daughter — whether  by  her,  or  illegitimate,  is  not 
clear — who  married  '^  a  squire  of  the  Balliol 
blood,-'  &c.  All  pure  legend  and  disposed  of  by 
the  fact,  that  from  1266  to  the  close  of  Wallace's 
career,  Lambinistoun,  was  the  property  of  a  Nor- 
man, Eobertus  dictus  Franc',  and  his  son  William, 
the  latter  of  whom  swore  fealty,  in  1296,  to 
Edward  I.  It  was  therefore  the  property,  in 
1329,  of  Alexander  of  Seaton  and  his  daughter 
Margaret  {Roheiisoii' s  Index,  p.  62,  no.  39). 
Wallace,  in  short,  cannot  be  shown  to  have  left 
any  descendants,  and  those  who  now  claim  his  mcde 
representation  can  only  do  so  collaterally,  and  in 
a  very  imsatisfactory  manner,  as  may  be  seen  by 
referring  to  the  absurd  and  confused  statements 
in  some  printed  pedigrees  on  the  subject. 

Among  the  Clydesdale  families  named  by  Mk. 
Irvixg  undoubtedly  the  most  ancient  is  that  of 
Loccard,  shown  by  charter  to  have  held  lands 
there,  circ.  1180 — still,  however,  a  century  later 
than  the  immigration,  temp.  Malcolm  Canmohr. 
The  Jardines  appear  in  David  Bruce's  era,  that 
kin^,  at  some  period  of  his  long  reign  (1329-70), 
having  granted  a  charter  to  William  de  Gardins, 
of  the  lands  of  Hertishuyde  on  the  Clyde.  {Ro- 
bertson's  Index,  p.  33,  Xo.  28.)  William  fought 
for  David  both  at  Halidon  and  Durham,  being 
made  a  prisoner  at  the  latter  battle.  The  Veres 
(properly  Wers)  first  appear,  circ.  1400,  when 
Piothald  War  had  a  charter  of  lands  in  Lesma- 
hagow  from  the  Abbot  of  Kelso,  which  opulent 
religious  house  held  a  large  territory  there  by 
grant  (in  1144)  from  David  I.  Local  antiquaries 
may  remember  the  farfetched  derivation  of  the 
*  name  from  the  "  Veri  Antouini,"  of  Old  Rome !  in 
Wilson's  poem  of  Clyde.  As  for  the  Chancellors, 
I  find  nothing  except  that  they  are  mentioned  by 
Wishaw,  p.  58,  as  in  his  day  (1710)  holding  their 
estate  on  the  Clyde.  These  observations  are  not 
made  in  disparagement  of  the  above  families,  but 


simply  to  point  out  the  want  of  evidence  that 
exists  to  warrant  Mr.  Irving  in  assigning  them  an 
equal  antiquity  with  the  immigrants  of  the  ele- 
venth centmy.  That  they  are  otherwise  old  and 
respectable  no  one  who  knows  Lanarkshire  can 
for  a  moment  doubt.  AjStglo-Scoitjs. 


DAXTE  QUERY. 

(S'^S.x.  473;  xi.  61,  136,  185.) 

I  have  no  doubt  that  "  M.  H.  R."  is  correct  in 
affirming  that  the  educated  Italian  gentleman  of 
the  present  day  would  not  use  "esca"  to  express 
''food,"  but  granting  this,  will  it  assist  us  much 
in  determining  its  meaning  five  hundred  years 
ago?  Need  I  repeat  the  language  of  Horace 
{A.  P.  68)  on  this  subject  :— 

"  Mortalia  facta  peribunt: 
Xeclum  sermonura  stet  honos  et  gratia  vivax." 

It  may  no  longer  have  this  meaning,  and  yet  in 
those  distant  times  may  have  been  a  common  ex- 
pression for '' food."  We  know  in  our  own  lan- 
guage how  much  words  h  ave  changed  within  a  much 
shorter  period,  and  it  is  doubtless  the  same  in 
every  nation.  The  Italian  language  in  the  time 
of  Dante  (a.  d.  1205-1321)  was  in  its  infancy — 
still  under  the  trammels  of  its  Latinized  forms ; 
and  may  not  these  words  "  esca  sotto  focile"  be  re- 
garded as  a  good  example  of  what  I  mean  ?  They 
are  words  which,  with  a  slight  change,  might 
have  been  found  in  the  mouth  of  an  old  Roman ; 
"esca  sub  foculo,"  "food  broiled  under  the 
glovdng  embers  of  the  (foculus)  brazier,"  in  the 
way  that  your  correspondent  ''A.  A."  states  was 
common  in  the  Middle  Ages,  and  probably  handed 
do-mi  from  Roman  times. 

The  ''  foculus  "  seems  to  have  been  used  by  the 
Romans  for  this  purpose  ;  at  least  Plautus,  who 
was  a  native,  like  Dante,  of  this  northern  part  of 
Italy,  being  born  at  Sarsina  in  Umbria,  speaks 
thus  of  it  {Ca2:)t.  iv.  2,  67)  :— 

"  Laridum  atque  epulas  foveri  foculis  in  ardentibus." 

It  is  bold  to  affirm  that  an  Italian  word  is  not 
used  in  a  particular  sense,  and  in  order  to  do  so 
with  safety  requires  a  more  intimate  acquaint- 
ance with  Italian  dialects  than  falls  to  the  lot  of 
most  Englishmen.  From  the  little  intercourse 
that  has  for  political  reasons  been  allowed  between 
different  parts  of  the  country  by  its  rulers,  Italy 
is  full  of  a  variety  of  dialects  ;  and  not  only  so,  but 
several  distinct  languages  are  spoken  within  its 
bounds.  Thus  some  twenty  miles  south  of  the 
ruins  of  Locri,  the  most  southern  of  the  republics 
of  Magna  Grrecia,  my  knowledge  of  Romaic,  little 
though  it  was,  enabled  me  to  converse  with  the  in- 
habitants of  the  village  of  Bova  in  that  language. 
It  may  interest  your  readers  acquainted  with 
Romaic  to  see  a  few  words  which  I  jotted  down 


3fd  S.  XI.  Apkil  27,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


341 


at  the  time  from  the  peasants.  Tw^f,  bread  ; 
Tvpi,  cheese ;  Kpaa-i,  wine ;  yvva7Ka,  woman  ;  &v5pav, 
man  ;  /SoSt,  ox ;  &\oyo,  horse ;  wpofiara,  sheep ;  ^oaaKl, 
cow  ;  \pLKdvia,  shirt;  x^'paSi,  sow;  -n-ovba,  hen.  The 
words  for  cow,  shirt,  and  hen,  seem  peculiar,  but 
those  who  are  better  acquainted  with  Komaic  than 
I  am  will  be  able  to  determine  whether  it  is  so_. 

Then  on  the  verge  of  those  plains  of  Maida 
which  witnessed,  July  4,  1806,  the  victory  of  Sir 
John  Stuart  over  the  French  under  General  Re- 
gnier,  I  found  the  village  of  Vena,  where  the  pea- 
sants conversed  with  each  other  in  their  mother 
Albanian  language.  Place  a  Tuscan  gentleman 
alongside  a  Calabrese  muleteer,  and  I  doubt 
whether  he  could  understand  him  better  than  I 
did.  The  Calabrese  dialect  is  very  curious.  Some 
of  your  Italian  correspondents  may  find  it  in- 
teresting to  see  the  first  stanza  of  Tasso  in  that 
dialect.  I  copy  from  a  work,  the  title  of  which 
is  La  Gerusaleinme  Liberata  Traspcrtata  in  lin- 
gua Calabrese  da  Carlo  Cusentmo  d'Apriffliano. 
Cosenza,  1737 :  — 

"  Musa,  che  me  fai  cera  cle  Santauu 
Te  staii  pregannu,  cu  Carru  Cusentinu 
Chi  scinni  ppe  dunareme  la  manu  : — 
E  chi  derizze  Tacqua  allu  multannu 
En  mi  nvuoglui  cantarede  supranvi 
Ma  vascin,  calavrise,  stritiu  e  finu 
Dame  assistenza,  e  m'  aje  ppor  scusatn 
Si  vajii  esciennu  de  lu  si  suraminatu." 

This  very  word  "  esca"  is  a  proof  how  necessary 
it  is  that  we  should  be  acquainted  with  Italian 
dialects  before  we  venture  to  assert  that  a  word 
has  ceased  to  bear  a  partictilar  meaning. 

In  the  Neapolitan  dialect,  which  those  who 
have  mingled  with  that  light-hearted  people 
Imow  to  be  so  different,  in  some  respects,  from 
the  Tuscan,  I  find  "  food "  given  as  the  primary 
signification  of  "esca,"  I  have  before  me  a  glos- 
sary of  that  language,  which  my  Neapolitan 
friends  assured  me  was  a  standard  work  for  its 
peculiarities.     It  is  entitled, 

"  Vocabolario  delle  Parole  del  Dialetto  Napoletano,  die 
pill  si  scostano  dal  dialetto  Toscano,  con  alcune  ricerche 
etimologiche  sulle  medesime  degli  Accademici  Filopa- 
tridi."    Napoli,  1789. 

I  find  elsewhere  that  this  is  a  posthumous 
work  of  D.  Ferdinando  Galiani,  improved  by 
Francesco  Mazzarella-Farao,  and  it  forms  the  last 
two  volumes  of  a  collection  of  poems  in  the  Nea- 
politan dialect,  reaching  in  all  to  twenty-eight 
volumes.  Turning  up  "esca"  I  give  the  explana- 
tion precisely  as  it  appears,  though  the  latter  part 
refers  to  another  subject : — 

"  Esca,  V.  civo,  cibo,  nganno,  e  materia  accensibile.  Fa 
iresca,/eWre,  colpire  ;  detto  cosi  dal  gioco  puerile  della 
trottola,  e  butteri,  in  cui  il  vincitore  da  col  ferro  della 
trottola  suir  altra  del  perditore,  e  se  colpisce  bene,  ne  fa 
saltar  de'  biiscolini,  che  si  dice  de  noi  far  V  esca.'' 

And  then  an  example  of  this  phrase  is  given 


from  Fasano's  translation  of  Tasso  into  Neapoli- 
tan:— 

"  Uno  fa  assaie  remmore  e  ppoco  lana 
Ma  ir  autro  ad  ogne  ncuorpo  Tace  ll'esca." 

Here  then  we  have  "  esca  "  explained  first  as 
"  food  "  and  then  as  "  bait "  and  "  tinder."  There- 
fore till  some  one  can  show  that  five  hundred 
years  ago  this  word  did  not  signify  "  food,"  which 
I  have  shown  that  it  still  does  in  the  Neapolitan 
dialect.  Me.  Bouchier  must  forgive  me  if  I  refuse 
to  convict,  on  the  evidence  we  have  yet  received, 
Gary  of  a  blunder,  particularly  as  it  is  clear  that 
the  phrase  had  been  carefully  considered  by  him, 
which  we  are  by  no  means  certain  was  the  case 
with  the  other  translators.  In  a  question  of  this 
kind  we  must  have  "  votes  weighed  and  not  num- 
bered." Can  any  of  those  who  have  looked  into 
this  question  tell  what  value  we  ought  to  set  on 
Frezzi  as  a  commentator  ? 

Me,  Botjchiee  refers  to  the  admiration  with 
which  Lord  Macaulay  regarded  Gary's  transla- 
tion. I  am  aware  that  he  was  well  read  in  the 
original,  and  had  committed  many  of  its  choice 
passages  to  memory.  A  short  time'  after  he  re- 
turned from  India  the  conversation  happened  to 
turn,  in  a  company  [of  his  most  confidential  friends, 
on  the  calamitous  circumstances  which  at  times 
overtake  the  families  of  men  in  commerce.  Such 
a  calamity  had  befallen  a  family  with  whom 
those  present  were  intimately  acquainted,  and  some 
were  bewailing  the  necessity,  to  which  the  yaung 
ladies  would  be  compelled  to  submit,  of  earning  a 
scanty  livelihood  by  their  own  industry,  when 
Lord  Macaulay  repeated,  with  strong  feeling,  those 
well-known  and  beautiful  lines  from  Dante's 
Paradiso  (xvii.  58), 

"  Tu  proverai  siccome  sa  di  sale 

Lo  pane  altriii,  e  com'  e  duro  calle 
Lo  scendere  e  '1  salir  per  1'  altrui  scale," 

in  which  the  poet  refers  in  pathetic  language  to 
the  fate  of  those  who  must  go  up  and  down  day 
by  day  the  stairs  of  others  in  pursuit  of  their 
daily  bread,  and  who  thus  learn  by  experience 
how  bitter  such  bread  is.  Lord  Macaulay  added, 
while  the  tear  glistened  in  his  eye,  that  he 
thanked  God  that  he  was  able,  and  trusted  that 
he  would  continue  to  be  able,  to  shield  those  who 
were  dear  to  him  from  such  a  lot.  This  anecdote 
was  repeated  to  me  by  the  late  Lord  Jeffrey  and 
his  son-in-law,  Mr.  Empson,  with  whom  the  con- 
versation had  been  held,  a  few  hours  after  it  had 
taken  place.  Lord  Macaulay,  with  a  rough  ex- 
terior, was  a  man  of  deep  and  kindly  feeling. 

Ceatjftjed  Tait  Ramage. 


Your  correspondent.  Me.  BorcHiEE,  is  rather 
severe  upon  me  for  having  translated  cowi'  esca 
sotto  ' I  focile  hj — as  coals  by  wind;  and  thinks 
that,  if  this  is  a  fair  specimen,  my  work  is  a  para- 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  April  27,  '67, 


-phrase  rather  than  a  translation.  But  the  ques- 
tion for  me  was,  not  whether  Dante  mentioned 
the  tinder  and.  the  flint;  but  -whether  he 
would  liave  mentioned  them  if  he  had  written 
in  English.  I  hold  that  in  some  cases  allusions 
are  poetical  or  unpoetical,  elegant  or  inelegant, 
according  to  the  language  we  have  to  use,  which 
may  surround  even  a  beautiful  object  with  asso- 
ciations incurably  vulgar  or  ludicrous.  A  butterfly, 
for  instance,  is  a  beautiful  object,  but  our  silly 
Anglo-Saxon  name  for  it,  huUerjiy,  is  such  a 
stumbling  block  to  our  poets  that  even  ii>  Byron's 
splendid  simile,  beginning 

"  As  rising  on  empurpled  wing 

The  insect  queen  of  eastern  spring," 

it  does  not  once  occur.  It  would  have  been  sin- 
gular if  a  French  poet  had  so  shirked  the  word 
fapillon.  Again,  an  ass  or  donkey  is  the  same 
sort  of  beast,  in  Greece  or  England ;  but  the  name 
is  not  similarly  applied  in  Greek,  and  therefore 
can  be  more  freely  introduced  in  poetrj^ ;  for  the 
poet  is  responsible  for  the  ideas  he  suggests  as  for 
those  to  which  he  calls  your  attention  most 
directly.  Thus,  Homer  has" written  a  simile  be- 
ginning 'ns  5'  oV  ovo^ :  yet  you  won't  find  in 
Pope,  "  As  when  an  ass,"  but 

"  As  the  slow  beast  with  patient  strength  endued." 
Now  I  have  not  paraphrased  Dante  in  this  volu- 
minous way:  I  have  had  more  respect  for  his 
bre-vity  and  the  symmetry  of  his  cadences ;  but 
between  such  articles  as  tinder  and  coals  I  trust 
I  have  done  him  no  wrong  in  taking  what  sounded 
best._  After  all  I  will  confess  to  a  fluke  in  this 
particular  passage  :  I  su 
studies  I  guessed  "  focile 

did  not  afterwards  care  to  verify  my  impression. 
But  I  have  used  the  licence  for  which  I  speak 
knowingly  and  willingly  in  another  place  where 
a  serpent  is  described  as 

"  Livido  e  nero  come  gran  di  pepe,'^ 
for  which  I  have  put 

"  All  black  and  livid  like  —  a  mildewed  ear.'" 

I  do  not  know  if  any  other  translator  has  written 
peppercorn :  I  don't  envy  him  the  honour  of  his 
literality. 

The  account  of  Dante's  exile  given  by  Gary,  is 
authorised  by  Aretino'sLife  of  Dante,  and  by  docu- 
ments published  by  Pelli  and  Tiraboschi  in  their 
Memoirs,  in  whicli  it  may  be  seen  that  the  poet 
and  his  associates  were  threatened  with  the  stake 
if  they  transgressed  against  their  sentence. 
_  The  doctrine  referred  to  in  Par.  c.  29  was  de- 
rived from  Petrus  Lombardus.  In  the  notes  to 
my  translation  the  passage  is  thus  explained  : — 

"  It  is  intimated  that  the  creation  of  the  angels  was 
contemporaneous  with  that  of  the  material  world  ■  and 
this  doctrine  had  been  derived  by  the  Fathers'  and 
Churchmen  from  tlie  words  of  the'  Son  of  Siracli  (ch. 
ocviii.  ver.   1)  ;   'Qui  vivit  in  jeternum  creavit  omnia 


appose   that  in  my  first 
'"  ■^°'' "a  bellows"  and 


simul.'  'He  that  liveth  eternally  created  all  things 
together  ;'  and  in  conformity  with  this  text  it  was  sup- 
posed that  the  '  Heavens  and  Earth,'  in  the  lirst  verse  of 
Genesis,  signified  the  spiritual  and  material  worlds  ;  and 
that  further  in  the  production  of  the  latter  the  work  of 
the  six  days  had  been  one  of  evolution  and  development  j 
but  that  all  organic  and  inorganic  bodies  had  been  created 
at  once,  at  least,  in  their  constituent  matter,  and  their 
germs  or  seminal  principles.  [See  Petrus  Lombardus, 
2.  19.] 

"  3Iatter  and  form,  both  maiden,  both  allied.  The 
'  maiden'  form,  which  is  the  '  energy '  of  1.  o2,  is  a 
purelj'-  active  principle,  namely,  that  of  the  Angelic  In- 
telligence. The  'maiden'  matter  is  the  ' passiveness ' 
of  1.  34,  or  mere  inorganic  matter.  The  '  allied '  matter 
and  form  (comp.  1.  35)  is  the  mixed  nature  of  organic 
beings,  men  and  animals." 

C.  B.  Catlet. 


Haxxah  Lightfoot  (3'"'^  S.  xi.  passim?)  —  If 
the  correspondents  who  speak  of  Gol.  Dalton's 
wife  as  tlie  daughter  of  Hannah  Lightfoot  by 
George  III.,  and  enquire  whether  the  Duke  of 
Cumberland  left  any  illegitimate  issue,  will  take 
the  trouble  to  refer  to  the  name  Prytherch  in 
Burke's  Armon/,  they  will  there  find  a  state- 
ment to  this  effect,  evidently  made  by  one  who 
fuU}^  imderstands  the  family  genealogy,  that 
Daniel  Prj^therch,  Esq.,  the  party  named  in  the 
statement  of  the  one  correspondent,  impaled  in 
right  of  his  wife,  Caroline  Georgina,  youngest 
daughter  of  James  Dalton,  Esq.,  hj' Augasta 
Ritso  his  wife,  daughter  of  Henry  Frederick  Duke 
of  Cumberland,  1  &  4  Dalton,  2  &  3  Ritso,  ar.  on  a 
chevron  sable  between  three  boars'  heads  couped, 
three  mullets  of  the  field.  The  reference  to  Mr. 
Dalton,  as  one  able  to  give  information  on  the 
Hannah  Lightfoot  question,  is  easily  explained, 
from  his  wife's  descent  maternally  from  a  natural 
daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  who  may 
have  been  fully  acquainted  with  the  connexion 
between  George  III.  and  Hannah  Lightfoot ;  whilst 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  a  daughter  of  George  III. 
by  Plannah  Lightfoot,  as  the  wife  of  Mr.  Dalton, 
cannot  be  the  Augusta  Ritso  referred  to  in  Burke's 
notice  of  Prytherch  descent. 

I  have  a  documentary  proof  that  Isaac  Axford 
married,  1750,  under  the  description  of  widoicer, 
(though  not  at  Keevel,  in  North  Wilts,  as  stated 
in  your  number  for  February  2,  Mary  Bartlett, 
of  Warminster,  spinster,  and  the  baptismal  cer- 
tificates of  both  parties ;  also  the  burial  of  a  son 
of  Isaac  and  Marv  Axford,  "from  Warminster," 
in  1771. 

The  Lightfoot  story  cannot  be  a  myth  in  toto, 
but  the  additions  of  Mrs.  Serres  have  made  the 
,  real  facts  questionable.  If  the  matter  should  not 
be  perfunctorily  dismissed  as  "  worn  threadbare," 
some  future  correspondent  may  be  fortunate 
enough  to  explain  apparent  contradictions,  and 
remove  the  obscurity  arising  from  statements  and 


3rd  S.  XL  Apkil  21 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


343 


traditions  hastily  put  into  print,  and  evidently 
little  more  than  ''  guesses  at  truth.''  A.  M. 

The  name  was  new  to  me  till  I  met  with  it  in 
*'  N.  &  Q." ;  but  I  have  often  heard  the  legend 
of  the  fair  Quakeress  and  George  III.  The  late 
John  Shackleton,  of  Airtou,  Yorkshire,  a  well- 
known  memher  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  used 
often  to  speak  of  the  affair.  He  once  told  me  that 
the  lady  was  expelled  the  society  and  that  a  depu- 
tation of  Quakers  presented  themselves  before  the 
King  and  informed  him  of  the  fact,  one  of  them 
saying,  "Now!  thee  sees  what  thee  hast  done  ! " 
Mr.  Shackleton  used  also  to  assert  that  the  song, 
''  The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,"  was  suggested  by 
the  amour,  and  as  corroborative  he  would  quote 
and  sometimes  sing, 

"  I'd  crowns  resigrn  to  call  her  mine 
Sweet  lass  of  Eichmond  Hill."  * 

If  the  whole  is  a  myth,  it  is  curious  that  it  should 
Lave  obtained  belief  amongst  intcllir/ciit  members 
of  the  Society,  for  John  Shackleton  was  certainly 
a  person  of  good  education  and  remarkably  well- 
informed.  J.  PI.  D. 

I  am  glad  to  see  the  exposure  of  this  scandal. 
William  Howitt,  in  his  Hidonj  of  the  Heirpi  of 
Georr/e  III.,  published  by  Cassell  &  Co.  (one  of 
the  worst  histories  ever  written),  coolly  assumes 
the  whole  story  as  true.  JoHx  Robertson. 

"ISToNE  BUT  Poets  Rejieiiber  their  Youth" 
(3'*  S.  xi.  p.  194.)— I  know  not  who  the  author  of 
this  sentiment  is,  but  I  question  its  correctness. 
I  have  not,  I  regret  to  say,  a  particle  of  jjoeticcd 
feeling  about  me  (as  far,  at  least,  as  writing  verses 
,goes),  for  I  like  to  read  and  quote  good  ones ;  yet 
I  can  perfectly  remember  my  ftither  taking  me  to 
a  balcony  and  making  me  look  at  the  comet  of 
1811,  through  a  spy-glass.  (I  was  then  barely 
three  years  old.)  I  recollect  being  shown  Napo- 
leon and  his  staff,  many  of  whom  dined  at  my 
father's,  on  his  return  from  Spain,  in  one  of  the 
ports  of  France.  I  see,  through  my  mind's  eye, 
as  though  it  were  yesterday,  Dutch  troops  passing 
througli  our  town  on  tlieir  way  to  Spain,  much 
about  the  same  time.  I  well  remember  two 
grenadiers,  billeted  at  our  house,  fastening  their 
woollen  epaulets  on  my  shoulders  and  their  red 
feather  in  a  paper-cap  they  had  made  me,  and 
drawing  me  about  in  a  small  vehicle  in  our  garden . 
I  see  the  flower  of  our  youth  going  away  on  horse- 
back, full  of  enthusiasm,  in  the  rich  uniform  of 
the  Gardes  d'Honneur,  in  1813 — many  of  them, 

[*  The  author  of  "  The  Lass  of  Eichmond  Hill"  is  now 
j^euerally  considered  to  have  been  William  Upton,  the 
poet  of  Vauxhall,  and  this  was  not  only  the  opinion  of 
the  late  Richard  Thomson,  of  the  London  Institution, 
l)ut  that  of  another  gentleman  still  living,  who  is  well 
read  in  all  that  relates  to  Eichmond,  in  Surrey.  It  does 
not  appear  that  the  song  was  intended  for  any  particular 
person. — Ed.  J 


alas !  never  to  return ;  and  like  Byron,  Alfieri, 
and  Canova,  I  likewise  remember  ihejirst  impres- 
sion of  love  (when  Jive  rjcars  old)  on  beholding  a 
line  npung  woman,  and  my  delight  on  seeing  her 
the  next  day  at  a  balcony  in  our  street !  I  am 
somewhat  of  a  painter,  but  this,  I  assure  you,  is 
not  fanciful  but  strictly  true. 

P.  A./  L. 
Thomson's  "  Liberty  "  (3"*  S.  xi,  257.)  — In 
Anderson^s  British  Poets.    Edinburgh,  1794,  vol. 
X.,  the  lines  cited  by  Mr.  Robert  Wright  are 
given  : 

"  Lo  swarming  southward  on  rejoicing  sons, 
Gay  colonies  extend." 

It  is  more  possible  to  hammer  sense  out  of  this 
than  out  of  "rejoicing  suns."  Might  one  suggest 
"  seas  "  ?  Thomson  dearly  loved  round  mouthsful, 
allowing  sound  often  to  stand  for  sense.  Y'et 
what  fine  lines  are  those  which  precede  the  above 
excerpt ! — 

"The  winds  and  seas  are  Britain's  wide  domain, 
And  not  a  sail  but  by  permission  spread." 
But  since    the    Treaty    of  Paris,  with  the  sur- 
render of  the  Right  of  Search,  we  may  as  well 
drop  all  talk  about  the  sea  perhaps. 

C.  A.  W. 
May  Fair,  W. 

lu  Dr.  Aikin's  Select  Worhs  of  the  British 
Poets,  (Longman,  1820),  the  lines  in  question  are 
printed  and  punctuated  as  follows  :  — 

"  Lo !  swarming  southward  on  rejoicing  sons, 
Gay  colonies  extend  ;  &c." 

C.  W.  M. 

George,  Earl  of  Axtcklani)  (3'''^  S.  xi.  294.) — 
In  the  Hon.  Emily  Eden's  Portraits  of  the  Princes 
and  Peojde  of  India,  1844,  published  by  Dickinson 
and  Son,  the  twenty-fourth  plate,  entitled  "  Lord 
Auckland  receiving  the  Rajah  of  Nahun,  in  Dur- 
bar, in  his  Tent,"  presents  a  full-length  likeness 
of  Lord  Auckland ;  which,  though  on  a  small  scale, 
is  a  verj'  pleasing  and  well-executed  portrait. 

SCHIS", 

Besom  of  Peacock's  Feathers. — (3"^  S.xi.  79.) 

"  It  was  a  part  of  his  [the  acolite's]  office  to  deliver 
the  water-vessels  or  candlesticks  to  the  priest.    Another 
and  inferior  part  is  hinted  at  by  Bishop  Hall  in  his  ner- 
vous, witty,  and  poetical  satires  (book  iv.  sat.  vii.)  :  — 
♦  To  see  a  lazy  dumbe  acolithite. 
Armed  against  a  devout  flye's  despite : 
Which  at  th'  high  altar  doth  the  chalice  vayle 
AA'ith  a  hvond  Jiie-Jiappe  of  a  peacoCKe's  tayle.' 
"  One   of   these  peacock-fans  is   engraved  in    Bishop 
Carleton's  Remembranca  of  God's  3Iercies,  ed,  IGSO.'" — 
Gent.  Mug.  ISOG,  i,  527. 

Axon, 

Shelley's  ''Adonais"  (2,^"  S.  xi.  106.)  — If 
Jonathan  Bottchier  thinks  that  Lord  Byron 
"  had  a  great  admiration  "  for  the  poetrj'  of  Keats, 
let  him  refer  to  the  Quarterly  Revieiv,  vol.  xxxvii. 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  April  27,  '67. 


pp.  416-418,  where  lie  may  find  that  Lord  Byron 
considered  "  Solomon's  Guide  to  Health  "  ''better 
sense  and  as  much  poetry  as  Johnny  Keats,"  and 
■wrote  "  No  more  Keats,  1  entreat :  flay  hin^live. 
If  some  of  you  don't,  I  must  skin  him  myself. 
There  is  no  bearing  the  drivelling  idiotism  of  the 
maukin."  JoH>r  RoBERTSoif. 

Rust  eemoved  ekom  Metals  (S""^  S.  xi.  235.) 
Plunge  the  blade  in  a  bath  of  diluted  hydi-ochlo- 
ric  (muriatic)  acid ;  say  one  pint  of  the  acid  to 
one  quart  of  water.  Leave  it  there  for  twenty- 
four  hours  ;  then  take  it  out  and  rub  well  with  a 
scrubbing-brush.  The  oxide  will  come  off  like 
•dirt  under  the  action  of  soap.  Should  any  still 
remain,  as  is  likely,  in  the  corroded  parts,  return 
the  blade  to  the  bath  for  a  few  hours  more,  and 
repeat  the  scrubbing.  The  blade  will  then  pre- 
sent the  appearance  of  duU  lead.  It  must  then 
be  well  washed  in  plain  water  several  times,  and 
thoroughly  dried  before  a  fire.  Lastly,  a  little 
rubbing  with  oil  and  fine  emery  powder  will  re- 
store the  polish.  Should  oil  or  grease  have 
mingled  with  the  rust,  as  is  usually  the  case,  it 
will  be  necessary  to  remove  it  by  a  hot  solution 
of  soda  before  submitting  the  metal  to  the  acid. 
This  last  attacks  the  rust  alone,  without  injuring 
the  steel ;  but  the  washing  in  plain  water  is  all- 
important,  as,  after  the  process,  the  metal  will 
absorb  oxygen  from  tlie  atmosphere  freelj'',  if  any 
trace  of  the  acid  be  allowed  to  remain.  I  speak 
from  experience  concerning  this  recipe,  which 
was  communicated  to  the  Royal  Archasological 
Institute  by  Mr.  Le  Keux  many  years  ago. 

W.  J.  Beenhaed  SiriTH. 
Temple. 

MiSOPOGON  XNB   THE   EmPEROK  JulIAN  (3^'^  S. 

xi,  138.) — I  beg  to  refer  Mr.  Gajttillox  to  — 

"  The  Emperor  Julian  and  liis  Generation.  An  His- 
torical Picture  bj'  Augustus  Neander,  D.D.  Translated 
by  G.  V.  Cox,  M.A."  London,  12mo,  J.  W.  Parker, 
1850,  pp.  180.     7s.  Gd. 

WixiiAM  Bates. 

QtroTATiOK :  "  Qtje  voirxEZ-voTrs  ?  Kous 
sommes  paites  comme  cela  "  (S'^  S.  xi.  432,  523.) 
Although  I  have  not  yet  found  the  above,  I  am 
convinced  it  is  a  quotation,  and  not  a  mere  collo- 
quial expression  —  first,  because  I  remember  to 
have  seen_  it  somewhere  in  print  preceded  by 
''couime  disaient  autrefois  les  ffrenouilles,"  or  some 
such  phrase  ;  and  next,  because  faifcs  is  feminine, 
and  in  a  provR-b  it  would  most  probably  be  fnits. 

A.  H.  B. 

Taxx ocic,  Portrait  Paixter,  (3'"'*  S.  x.  313.) — 
In  reply  to  F.  M.  S.,  I  know  not  if  Mr.  Tannock 
is  alive  or  not ;  if  he  is  alive  he  must  be  in  ad- 
vanced age,  as  he  was  born  in  Kilmarnock  some- 
where about  1780,  son  of  Adam  Tannock,  a 
worthy  maker  of  shoes,  in  the  High  Street  of  that 
town.    Originally  apprenticed  to  his  father's  trade, 


young  Tannock  showed  so  strong  and  persistent 
an  inclination  for  the  brush,  that  at  last,  as  is  in 
such  cases  certain,  he  wearied  out  parental  con- 
tradiction and  was  allowed  to  follow  his  bent ; 
working  with  a  housepainter  as  painter,  and,  at 
last,  painting  numerous  portraits  of  various  and 
rising  degrees  of  excellence  in  his  native  town,  and 
acquiring  a  certain  amount  of  local  notice  and 
employment.  He  left  for  Paislej^,  where  he  re- 
mained for  some  time,  weU  employed  as  a  portrait 
painter.  In  1806-9  he  was  much  in  Port-Glasgow 
and  in  Greenock,  and  he  has  left  a  good  deal  of 
work  in  the  district,  chiefly  in  miniatures  on  ivorj-, 
in  which  he  was  very  successful,  and  also  in  some 
cases  in  oils  on  canvas.  He  was  afterwards,  up  to 
about  1820,  resident  in  Glasgow,  and  was  well 
emploj'ed  and  much  esteemed  as  a  portrait  painter, 
and  has  left  a  large  amount  of  very  good  work.  In 
1820  he  went  to  London,  lining  in  Newman 
Street,  Oxford  Street,  not  many  years  ago.  His 
powers  as  an  artist  were  very  considerable,  in  his 
particular  liue  very  high  indeed;  the  character 
and  colour  of  his  faces  are  exquisite.  His  social 
nature  and  warm  genial  manners  brought  him 
much  into  society  in  the  West  of  Scotland  ,•  his 
tall  graceful  figure,  fair  hair,  fresh  colour,  and 
bright  piercing  eyes,  his  merry  laugh  and  ready 
jest,  were  welcome  to  the  little  coteries  of  the 
time  hereabouts ;  and  his  ability  as  an  artist  was 
unquestioned,  though  probably  the  judges  were 
inclined  to  be  lenient.  Abundance  of  his  artistic 
work  is  extant,  to  show  on  what  the  verdict  was 
founded.  L. 

Primage  (3""*S.  xi.  257.) — It  may  be  worthy  of 
a  note  that  the  word  prim-age  is  usually  pro- 
nounced as  I  have  written  it ;  although  the  Dic- 
tionaries accentuate  it  pri-mage.  C.  W.  M. 

Family  op  Potxltox  (3'^  S,  xi.  235.)— I  think 
it  highly  probable  that  Francis  Poulton,  the 
bencher,  of  Lincoln's  Inu,  whose  monument  re- 
mains at  Twickenham,  was  the  same  with  Thomas, 
eldest  son  of  Ferdinando  Poulton,  of  the  same 
house,  distinguished  by  his  labours  as  a  legal 
author.  Thomas,  the  third  of  Ferdinando's  four 
sons,  became  a  leading  man  among  the  English 
Jesuits,  and  was  one  of  those  arrested  at  Clerken- 
well  in  1628,  under  the  assumed  name  of  Joseph 
Underbill.  "  This  Poulton,  alias  Underhil,  is  sonne 
to  Poulton  that  abridged  the  Statutes^  See  Siip- 
plementarg  Note  to  tlte  Discoverg  of  the  Jesuits'' 
College  in  ClerkemceJl,  (contained  in  the  Camden 
Miscellang,  vol.  iv.)  p.  9. 

JoHX  GoTTGH  Nichols. 

CoNTixGEXT  Claimants  op  the  Throke  on 
THE  Death  of  Elizabeth  (3'"'*  S.  xi.  246.)  — 
What  has  suggested  to  H.  P.  D.  to  trace  the 
descent  of  the  Earl  of  Hertford  from  Thomas  of 
Woodstock,  Duke   of  Gloucester?      Is  it  from 


3"»  S.  XL  April  27,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


345 


some  confusion  between  the  titles  of  Hertford  and 
Hereford  ? 

A  jealousy  existed  against  the  Earl  of  Hertford 
at^the  period  in  question,  from  a  far  nearer  pro- 
pinquity to  the  cro"v\-n.  He  had  married  Lady 
Katherine,  the  sister  of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  and  his 
son  Edward  Lord  Beauchamp,  then  alive,  was 
actually  nephew  to  one  who  had  been  for  nine 
days  the  acknowledged  sovereign  of  England. 
Frances  Pierrepoint  thus  retailed  to  her  mother, 
the  Countess  Dowager  of  Shrewsbury,  a  report 
which  Sir  John  Hollis  had  brought  into  the  coun- 
try, when  riding  post  from  London  to  Berwick : — 
''  Also  he  sayeth  that  al  thinges  in  the  southeren 
partes  procede  peaceably:  onlj^  my  Lord  Beau- 
champ  is  sayd  to  make  some  assemblyes,  which 
he  [■/.  e.  Hollis]  hopeth  wil  suddenly  dissholfe 
into  smoke,  his  forse  beyng  feble  to  make  hede 
agenst  so  grayt  an  Unyon."  (Letter  in  Hunter's 
HallamsJdre,  p.  93.)  But  the  "  force  "  of  Lord 
Beauchamp  probably  existed  in  idle  rumour  only, 
and  there  is  no  proof  that  either  he  or  the  Earl  of 
Hertford  attempted  to  make  any  head  at  all. 

J.  G.  N. 
Feench  Heraldry  (3"^^  S.  xi.  238.)— ^owyer's 
Great  Theatre,  an  old  quarto  book  on  Heraldry, 
is  printed  in  double  pages,  the  one  in  French  and 
its  vis-a-vis  in  English,  and  will  exactly  answer 
the  requirement  of  Eagle  Displayed. 

G.  W.  M. 
Cork  Periodicals  {^"^  S.  xi.  113.)— Water- 
FORDiENsis's  statement  that  the  late  Dr.  Maginn 
niade  his  debut  as  a  writer  in  Bolster's  Magazine 
is  incorrect.  The  doctor  commenced  his  literary 
career  by  writing  leaders  for  a  newspaper  called 
the  Co7-k  Advertiser,  published  by  a  man  named 
Latham.  He  also  WT.'ote  for  Bolster's,  but  Bolster 
was  later  in  the  field. 

The  principal  contributors  to  that  short-lived 
but  clever  periodical  were,  the  late  Henry  Bennett, 
of  Cork,  solicitor;  my  uncle,  Piichard  Miliken, 
who  wrote  the  immortal  "Groves  of  Blarney;-' 
Crofton  Croker,  Father  "  Frank "  (Prout)  ;  poor 
Grogan,  the  painter,  and  your  humble  servant, 
"  Peter  Feehily-." 
Parvekche  {2,'^  S.  xi.  238.)— Perye»«cAe,  par- 
venche,  periwinkle,  are  obviously  forms  of  the  same 
word.  The  Vinca  pervinca  of  Pliny  {Nat.  Mist.  xxi. 
ii.  39)  is_the;j«'i««mof  Appuleius  (the  Herbalist) 
•58 ;  Italian,  pervinca ;  French,  by  the  ordinary 
laws  of  transliteration,  pervetiche ;  ^?iXon,  pertiince  ,- 
old  English,  parvmJce ;  later,  periuinkle,  vide 
Comenius,  Janua  Linguarrim  reserata,  ed.  1650, 
§  125,  136— a  book,  by  the  way,  which  is  full  of 
old  English  words  and  idioms — modern  English, 
by^^a  natui-al  increment  for  facility  of  pronuncia- 
tion, ^enwm^fc.  The  phrases  "parvenke  of  pris," 
"  paruenke  of  prouesse,"  have  their  origin,  I 
rather  think,  in  the  notion  that  jjervinca  was  de- 


rived from  iwrvinco.  The  jjer*  of  periivinhle  the 
shellfish  (Sax.  wincle)  has  been  stolen  from,  the 
other  word.  Winkle  was  supposed  to  be  a  cor- 
ruption of  periicinlile,  though  the  words  have,  as 
is  obvious,  no  etymological  connection  whatever. 

A.  W. 
Greenock. 

PsALM  Totes  (S'-i  S.  xi.  247).— P.  M.  stands 
not  for  '^proper"  but  for  "peculiar"  metre,  i.e. 
neither  "common,"  nor  "long."  The  names  of 
Psalm  tunes,  like  the  names  of  racehorses,  are  not 
given  to  them  upon  any  definite  principle. 

A.  W. 
Scot,  a  Local  Prefix  (S-""  S.  xi.  12,  86, 155, 
239,  283.)  —  Although  I  have  no  wish  to  decline 
acquiescence  in  your  decision  that  all  controversy 
on  this  subject  should  cease,  and  I  can  hardly 
raise  the  plea  of  res  noviter,  seeing  that  the  new 
information  was  certainly  open  to  me  before,  and 
was  overlooked  by  my  laclics,  still  I  think  the 
following  passage  in  Professor  Bell's  well-known 
Principles  of  the  Laio  of  Scotland,  which  I  stum- 
bled upon  when  consulting  them  for  a  totally 
different  object,  may  be  interesting  to  the  readers 
of  "N.  &Q.  :"  — 

"  In  Orkney  and  Zetland  the  laud  appears,  while  under 
the  kings  of  Norway,  to  have  been  held  free  from  all 
burdens  analogous  to  feudal  duties  or  services,  and  liable 
only  to  a  government  tax,  called  Skat.  The  lands  so 
held  were  called  Skat-lands,  and  an  exemption  from  skat 
was  given  to  such  lands  as  were  enclosed  for  cultivation, 
called  Udal,  or  free  lands."— P.  254,  §  932. 

It  is  almost  superfluous  to  add  that  no  such 
tenure  was  known  on  the  mainland  of  Scotland, 
unless  it  were  in  the  case  of  "  the  King's  kindly 
tennants  of  Lochmabeu,"  and  even  there  the  nature 
of  the  holding  is  not  strictly  identical  with  that 
of  Skat-kmd.  George  Vere  Irving. 

Marchpane  (3^''  S.  iv.  476.)  —  I  think  it 
probable  that  this  term  is  derived  from  the  cake 
called  marzapanc,  which  is  sent,  according  to 
Howells  {Venetian  Life,  p.  278),  by  Venetian 
nobles  the  day  after  the  baptism  of  one  of  their 
children,  to  such  of  their  clients  as  may  have 
obliged  them  by  acting  as  sponsors  on  the  occa- 
sion. I  would  also  suggest  that  S.  Mark,  and  not 
Mars,  provided  the  etymon  of  mai-za. 

St.  Swithin. 


St.  Andrew  (3'''^  S.  xi.  279.) — In  addition  to  the 
various  modes  of  representing  the  martyrdom  of  St. 
Andrew  enumerated  by  the  Editor  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
the  following  deserve  notice.  They  are  taken  from 
the  noble  work,  Caracteristiques  des  Saints  dans 
FArt  Pojmlaire,  Sfc,  par  le  P.  Cahier,  now  publish- 
ing in  Paris.  An  old  tradition  says  that  St.  Andrew 
was  nailed  to  an  olive  tree,  which  probably  gave 
rise  to  the  representation  on  the  bronze  gates  of 
St.  Paul's,  at  Rome,  of  the  saint  nailed  to  a  tree 
with  two  shoots  spreading  out  like  the  letter  V  or 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"iS.XI.  April27,'67. 


Y.  In  the  Greek  menologj^,  however,  contem- 
porary with  those  gates,  this  Apostle  is  painted 
clothed,  and  fastened  to  a  cross  like  that  of  our 
Saviour.  In  the  Sacramentary  of  Metz,  of  the 
ninth  century,  he  is  also  represented  on  a  similar 
cross,  but  only  half  clothed.  In  the  windows  of 
the  choir  of  Rheims  Cathedral,  St.  Andrew  is 
clothed  and  crucified,  but  his  cross  is  fixed  in  the 
gi-ound  by  the  right  arm.  The  metrical  Martyr- 
ology  appears  to  consider  it  an  undoubted  fact 
that  he  was  crucified  with  his  head  downwards. 
The  cross  saltire,  now  called  St.  Andrew's,  is  not 
much  oHer  than  the  fourteenth  century. 

In  a  beautiful  illustration  introduced  by  Pere 
Cahier,  taken  from  an  old  engraving  by  P.  Arthur 
Murtin,  and  anterior  to  the  introduction  of  the 
cross  saltire,  St.  Andrew  holds  a  cross  of  the 
usual  form  of  om*  Saviour's,  but  he  holds  it  hori- 
zontally enough  to  correspond  with  the  repre- 
sentation at  Ptheims,  above  described.  The  cross 
saltire  however  has  acquired  a  kind  of  prescription, 
as  St.  Andrew's  cross. 

I  may  add,  that  I  have  seen  a  beautiful  ivory 
statuette  of  St.  Andrew,  standing  with  the  cross 
saltire  at  his  back,  and  with  two  fishes  hanging 
from  his  right  hand.  F.  C.  H. 

Parish  Chijkch,  Ckoydon-  (^"^  S.  xi.  231.)— 
The  recent  destruction  of  Croydon  Church  by  fire 
makes  me  anxious  to  know  whether  the  vaults 
under  the  floor  suffered  by  that  calamity.   Thomas 
Hutchinson,  Esquire,  late  Governor  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Massachusetts  Bay,  who  died  in  England 
in   1780,  was  buried  in  a  vault  in  the   north 
transept.     The  vault  belonged  to  the  family  of 
Apthorpe,  with  which  he  was  connected.     The 
inscription  cut  on  the  slab  cannot  be  read,  because 
it  is  partly  concealed  by  an  altar  tomb  or  some 
other  erection  raised  on  the  spot.     Adjoining  this, 
on  the  floor,  is  inscribed  the  following  : — 
"  Also  of 
Mrs.  Frances  Hutchinson, 
died  19  July,  1825, 
Aged  84  years." 

In  the  register  are  the  subjoined  entries  among 
tbe  burials : — 

"  William  Sanford  Hutchinson,  son  of  Governor 
Hutchinson,  a2;ed  27.   [  Ofj.  in  vita  patris.'] 

"  June  19,  1780.  Thomas  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  late  Go- 
vernor of  the  Massachusetts,  aged  69. 

"  Frances  Hutchmson,  Gloucester  Pla.  Portman  Square, 
St.  Mary  le  Bone,  July  28.    84.'^ 

A  great  grandson  of  Governor  H.  would  be  glad 
to  know  whether  the  vaults  were  uninjured,  and 
whether  they  will  continue  undisturbed  in  the 
repairs  consequent  on  the  disaster. 

P.  HrxcHiNsox. 

Make's  Nest  (3;"  S.  xi.  276.)— If  C.  T.  Ramage 
seriously  believes  in  what  he  adduces  as  "  a  well- 
known  example"  of  a  corruption  from  O  mild  Beate 
Martine,  he   has  assuredly  discovered  a  "  mare's 


nest."  If  he  will  refer  to  "  N.  &  Q."  (2"'»  S.  Lx. 
p.  375),  he  will  see  the  impossibility  of  such  a  deri- 
vation shown  by  the  undersigned  :  first,  from  there 
being  no  such  hymn  or  prayer  in  existence  ;  and 
secondly,  from  the  foreign  pronunciation  aftbrding 
no  chance  of  finding  any  resemblance  to  the  sup- 
posed corruption.  But  further  on,  at  p.  392,  he 
will  find  a  much  more  probable  and  rational 
account  of  the  origin  of  the  saying,  given  on  the 
authority  of  the  late  Dr.  Butler.  It  is  high  time 
tbat  the  phrase  should  be  left  as  a  mere  jest  to  its 
venerable  parent,  Joe  Miller.  F.  C.  H. 

DEEivATTOjf  OE  Slade  (S'-*  S.  xi.  77,  203.)  — 
I  have  always  looked  upon  Slade  as  a  local  name. 
I  cannot  give  the  derivation  of  the  word,  but  ir 
looks  simple  and  Saxon.  In  the  adjoining  parish 
to  which.  I  live,  namely,  Salcombe  Regis,  Devon» 
there  is  an  estate  called  Slade,  and  the  family 
name  of  Slade  is  common  in  this  neighbourhood. 
I  have  naturally  looked  upon  these  persons,  so 
called,  as  being  Slade  of  Slade.  As  for  Slade  of 
Rushton,  if  the  first  name  had  originated  in  the 
name  of  a  place,  and  then  had  removed  to 
another  and  a  new  home,  it  would  in  reality  be 
Slade  of  Slade  of  Rushton.  The  same  remark 
may  be  made  of  the  other  instances  alluded  to. 
Of  course  I  am  here  merely  throwing  out  a 
conjecture.  "  P.  HrTCHixsoN-. 

Two-faced  Picttjees  (a'^  S.  xi.  257.) — Few 
things  are  easier  to  make.  Get  two  pictures  of 
the  same  size ;  cut  them  vertically  into  sti'ips 
half  an  inch  broad;  paste  the  corresponding- 
strips  back  to  back  (you  will  see  which  these  are 
by  trial),  and  then  set  them  up  on  their  edr/es  in  a 
row  from  left  to  right  at  equal  distances  of  about 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  or  an  inch  apart.  Then, 
if  you  stand  to  the  left,  you  see  the  whole  of  one 
picture ;  if  to  the  right,  the  whole  of  the  other. 
If,  instead  of  setting  them  up  above  plain  paper, 
you  set  them  up  above  a  third  imcut  picture,  you 
will  see  this  one  only  by  si&n^mg  directly  in  front  r 
and  the  double  picture  thus  becomes  a  treble 
picture  without  any  increase  of  difiiculty  in  the 
construction.  "Walter  W.  "Skeat. 

Cambridge. 

I  have  seen  veiy  often,  in  Italy  and  elsewhere, 
pictures,  usually  in  water  colours,  having  a  sort  of 
(jrille,  or  lattice  like  a  Venetian  blind,  before  them 
through  which  appeared  a  face,  as  for  instance  of 
Napoleon.  On  looking  at  the  picture  sideways 
on  tlie  right  the  face  completely  changed  inta 
that  of  Wellington,  and  looking  then  sideways 
from  the  left  the  face  again  changed,  passing  into 
that  of  Bliicher.  This  eftect  is  produced  very 
easily,  the  faces  on  the  sides  being  painted  on 
the  grille  or  lattice.  Rhodokaxakis. 

RorxDELS  (3''i  S.  X.  472;  xi.  18.)— Eack 
roimdel,  of  a  set  in  my  possession,  has  a  coloured 


3'<»  S.  XI.  Apkil  27,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


547 


engraving  in    the   centre   pasted   on   the  wood : 
round  this  a  space,  a  quarter  of  an  inch  wide,  with 
a  distich,  and  then  a  narrow  gilt  border :  — 
"  .Janiis  loues  good  drincks,  warme  clothes  convenient  be, 
And  sporting  on  the  yce  aft'ourdeth  passing  glee. 
With    mascking,  plaj',   and  dauncing  Febrary   doth 

begin. 
So  use  thy  sport  and  pleasure,  that  thou  runn  not  in 

sinne. 
In  Marche  with  plow  be  forward  in  stirring  of  th}- 

ground. 
By  pruning  vine  and  grifting   stock,   muche   prolitt 

doth  abound. 
Aprill  now  dews  the  earth  with  many  pleasant  showers, 
And  pleasure  bids  embrace  and  gather  fragrant  flowers. 
May  bids  rise  earely,  sport  thee  in  pleasant  fields. 
In  iBoate  to  trace  the  rivers  greate  recreation  yields. 
In  June,  whilst  haycocks  make  and  rakers  stirr  apace, 
Coridon  and  Philida  cache  other's  love  embrace. 
The  reapers  lay  on  load  from  sun-rise  untill  night ; 
Whilst  Bagpipe  sends  forth  Julj'  with  mirth  and  much 
delight. 

lAugust  lost] 

The  sea  and  land  yields  store  of  Fishe  and  fruit,  most 

fishe  (si'c)  ; 
Eate  not  to  muche  September  wills,  it  may  thy  health 

ympayr. 
The  grape  now  ripe,  October  sends  forth  wine. 
And  wills  thee  drinck  a  health  to  that  fair  love  of 

thyne. 
IN'ovember  pulls  down  Hoggs  for  bacon,  brawn,  and 

sowse ; 
Huswife  save  for  puddings  good  meat  in  poore  man's 

howse. 
Good  files,  warme  meates,  December  so  doth  stand. 
Forget  not  him  that  sends  theis  giftes,  so  prosper  shall 

the  land." 

Inside  the  box  containing  these  roundels  is  writ- 
ten, "Monthes5/;"  and  opposite  to  this,  "Fran. 
Hai'ington  "  ;  below  which  is  the  Harington  fret. 
I  find  no  Francis  among  the  Haringtons  men- 
tioned in  Sir  John  Harington's  Nugce  AntiqucB ; 
but  one  of  that  name  was  legatee  under  the  will  of 
his  cousin  John  Harington  of  Wickham,  co.  Lin- 
colnshire, made  in  1598.  Felix  Latjkext. 

While  this  subject  seems  to  interest  your 
readers,  it  may  be  worth  while  to  notice  an  epi- 
gram of  John  Ileiwood — the  first  of  his  Fourtli 
Hundred  (T/je  TForkes  of  John  Hehcood,  4to, 
London,  1598)  :  — 

"  This  booke  may  seenie,  as  it  sorteth  in  sute, 
A  thin  trim  trencher  to  serue  folke  at  frute. 
But  caruer  or  reader  can  no  way  Avin, 
To  eate  frute  thereon,  or  count  frute  therein." 

J.  F.  M. 
Men's  Heads  covered  rs^  Church  (•3"'*  S.  xi. 
137.)  —  In  reply  to  Saea,  I  beg  to  give  a  few 
notes  bearing  on  the  subject. 

In  Strype's  Life  of  Bishop  Parker  is  a  copj^  of 
a  representation  made  to  Queen  Elizabeth  con- 
cerning the  irregular  manner  in  whicli  the  church 


service  was  conducted,  and  proceeds  to  state  that 
''some  minister  in  a  surplice,  others  without, 
some  with  a  square  cap,  some  with  a  round  cap, 
some  with  a  hat,"  &c. 

In  Fox's  Acts  and  Momiments  is  an  illustration, 
showing  Dr.  Cole  preaching  at  St.  Mary's,  Ox- 
ford. He  wears  a  common-looking  out-door  cap, 
and  so  do  manj^  of  his  clerical  hearers. 

When  Queen  Elizabeth  visited  Cambridge  in 
1564,  the  preacher,  on  Sunday  morning,  put  off 
his  cap  out  of  respect  to  the  Queen ;  but  when  he 
had  advanced  some  way  in  his  sermon,  "  she  sent 
the  Lord  Hunsdon  to  will  him  to  put  on  his  cap, 
whicli  he  did  to  the  end."  The  head-gear  re- 
ferred to,  was  most  probably  a  similar  cap  to  that 
of  Dr.  Cole,  being  one  commonly  worn,  and  the 
antecedent  of  the  modern  college  cap,  not  then  in- 
vented. It  is  likely  that  the  existing  usage  of 
clergymen  taking  their  caps  into  the  pulpit,  is  a 
remnant  of  the  practice  of  wearing  them  there. 

P.  E.  M, 

Teague,  AJf  Irish  Name  (.3'-'^  S.  xi.  29G.)  — I 
have  alwaj's  regarded  "Teague"  as  originally 
equivalent  to  the  Spanish  *'  Diego,"  which  is  one 
of  the  many  Spanish  forms  of  "■  Jacob."  Whether 
Teagae  now  stands  in  Irish  for  Jacob  or  James,  I 
am  unable  to  say. 

By  as  long  a  pedigree  as  that  of  stranger  from  c, 
and  I  might  add,  by  a  more  correct  one,  Diego 
derives  its  origin  thus :  Hebr.  Yaakov ;  Gr. 
'loLKoiSos ;  Sp.  Jacobo,  and  hence  Jago — hence  (for 
the  saint)  S.  lago,  or  Santiago — hence  (taking 
away  the  Saii)  Tiago — hence  Diego  (which  I  take 
to  be  the  source  of  Teague). 

Is  the  Irish  "  Thady "  a  corruption  of  Thad- 
deus,  or  is  it  simply  our  Teddy  for  Edward  ? 

Scmisr. 

The  Irish  fou  Tim,  a  contraction  of  Timothy — 
a  common  name  in  Cork  and  Kerry  at  present 
amongst  the  class  speaking  Irish.  It  is  pro- 
nounced Thige.  In  the  county  Kerry  a  gentle- 
man of  this  name  was  well  kuov>qi,  some  years 
ago,  by  the  sobriquet  of  Tighea  Wattha,  that  is, 
"Tim  of  the  Stick," — for  he  always  carried  in  his 
hand  a  formidable  looking  blackthorn  stick. 

Ct.  M. 

Btjlse  (S-"^  S.  xi.  254.)  —In  Miss  Edgworth's 
novel  of  Belinda,  the  lively  and  fashionable  Lady 
Delacour  exclaims,  on  seeing  a  city  dame  getting 
out  of  her  carriage,  "  Pray,  Clarence,  look  at  her, 
entangled  in  her  bale  of  gold  muslin,  and  conscious 
of  her  btdse  of  diamonds !  "  This  looks  as  if  the 
word  had  been  occasionally  used  in  conversation 
at  that  time,  though  I  never  hear  it  now. 

Haefra. 

This  word  signifies  "  a  certain  quantity  of 
diamonds,"  and  is  found  in  Webster.  In  the 
Portuguese,  bolsa,  a  purse.         E.  S.  Chae^stock. 


348 


NOTE  S  AND  QUERIE  S.  [3^^  s.  xi.  apeil  27, 


"Or  A  JTOBLE  EaCE  WAS  SHENKm  "  (S'^  S.  xi. 
316.) — Many  years  ago  I  made  a  note  tliat  the 
words  of  this  song  were  by  Tom  Durfey,  hut  now 
forget  where  I  saw  them  under  his  name.  CH. 
will  perhaps  find  the  song  in  one  of  Durfey's  plays. 
The  words  and  tune  were  printed  in  the  first 
volume  of  Wit  and  Mirth,  or  Pills  to  jnu-ffe 
Melancholy,  editions  of  1699,  1707,  and  1714,  but 
were  transferred  to  the  second  volume  in  1719. 

Philomel. 

[We  congratulate  our  correspondent  in  having  finally 
settled  the  vexed  question  of  the  authorship  of  this  ballad. 
It  is  printed,  with  some  variations,  in  D'Urfey's  Songs 
Compleat,  Pleasant  and  Divertive,  set  to  Blusick,  vol.  ii. 
p.  172,  Lond.  8vo,  1719.— Ed.] 


NOTES  OX  BOOKS,  ETC. 

The  Oxford  Reformers  o/1498:  being  a  History  of  the 
Fellow-Work  of  John  Colet,  Erasmus,  and  Thomas 
More.  By  Frederic  Seebohm.  (Longmans.) 
To  those  who  see  in  the  Reformation  in  England  not 
only  the  advancement  of  true  religion,  but  also  one  of  the 
great  sources  of  the  political  liberties  we  now  enjoy,  and 
one  of  the  forward  steps  towards  human  progress,  every 
movement  which  helped  it  foi-ward  must  be  a  subject  of 
unfading  interest.  Of  interest  no  less  enduring  to  the 
admirers  of  scholarship,  piety,  genius,  and  wit  must  be 
the  intellectual  history  of  those  precursors  of  that  Refor- 
mation, Colet,  Erasmus,  and  Thomas  More.  In  the  vo- 
lume before  us,  ilr.  Seebohm  makes  the  two  subjects 
mutually  illustrative  of  each  other.  For  reasons  which 
he  explains  he  has  not  attempted  to  give  am'thing  ap- 
proaching to  an  exhaustive  biography  of  this  remarkable 
triumvirate, — he  has  rather  endeavoured  to  trace  their 
joint-history,  and  to  point  out  the  character  of  their  fel- 
Imv-work.  And  very  interesting  indeed  are  the  ^'iews  and 
analyses  of  the  writings  and  labours  of  these  great  men 
which  Mr.  Seebohm  places  before  his  readers— shomng 
how  they  all  in  their  various  callings  used  their  special 
gifts  to  the  one  great  end  and  object  of  those  writings 
and  those  labours— namelj',  to  bring  men  to  the  know- 
ledge of  Christ.  The  book,  which  displays  great  industry 
and  learning,  deserves  and  must  command  the  attention 
of  all  intelligent  readers. 

Memoirs  of  William  Hazlitt,  with  Portions  of  his  Corre- 
spondence. By  W.  Carew  Hazlitt.  Two  Volumes. 
(Bentley.) 

William  Hazlitt  was  one  of  that  remarkable  body  of 
men,  who,  though  ridiculed  under  the  name  of  the  Cockney 
School,  contrived  to  set  an  indelible  mark  upon  English 
literature.  That  he  was  one  of  the  most  original  and  at 
the  same  time  one  of  the  most  unpopular  of  the  little 
band,  is  obvious  from  the  book  before  us.  Nor  is  the 
reason  far  to  seek.  In  his  memorable  letter  to  Gilford, 
he  claimed  the  right "  to  think  what  he  pleased,  and  to 
say  Avhat  he  thought " — a  right  which  he  exercised  to  the 
full,  but  resented  in  others.  He  seems  to  us  from  the 
story  told  by  his  grandson — not  too  partial  towards  his 
grandfather,  though  inclined  to  denounce  some  wh  at  fiercely 
those  who  differed  from  him — to  have  been  unhappy  in 
almost  all  the  relations  of  life  ;  and  we  can  feel  what  a 
good  thing  it  would  have  been  for  himself  and  for  letters 
if  he  had  been  blessed — as  Lamb  quaintly  wished  his 
son  might  be — "  with  something  a  better  temper,  and  a 


smoother  head  of  hair."  The  interest  of  the  work  is  in  manv 
respects  a  painful  one  ;  but  it  contains  some  capital  anec- 
dotes, letters,  ^nd  glimpses  of  the  social  life  of  many  who 
made  themselves  famous  in  the  first  quarter  of  the  pre- 
sent centur\'.  The  dramatic  element  too  contributes  a 
pleasant  variety  to  its  pages,  which  furnish  some  interest- 
ing pictures  of  the  players  "  whom  they  did  see  play,'^ 
and  bow  thej'  went  to  see  tbem. 


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'illiam  A.  Part,  4,  Willow  Street,  Manchester. 


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Uneda.  John  Taylor,  grandson  of  the  celebrated  Chevalier  Taylor, 
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Now  ready,  in  2  vols.  8?o,  with  Illustrations. 

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HOOD    for   the    MILLION.— Now  ready.  The 
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3rd  s.  XI.  May  4,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


349 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MAY  4, 


CONTENTS.— No  279. 


NOTES :  — Shakespeare,  &c.,  349  — 'William  Collins,  350  — 
William  Austin  :  Princess  Olive,  351  —  Christ-cross  —Grey 
Horses  in  Dublin  —  Jack  a  Bamell  —  Purgatory,  352, 
QUERIES:— The  Captive  King  and  Psalm  cxix.  137  — 
Cornelius  Erings,  or  Evins  —  Ecclesiastical  Buildings  of 
Brittany  —  French  Register  of  Thorney  Abbey  —  Genea- 
logical —  "  Humphrey  Clinker  "  —  Key  to  Print  wanted  — 
Leslie  Family- Paul  Veronese  from  Hampton  Court- 
Quotations  wanted—  Shrewsbury  Grammar  School, 353. 
QuEEiES  WITH  Answees  :— William  Chamberlayne— Gaunt 
House  —  Jefwellis  —  Serbonian  Bog  —  "Poor  Joe  the 
Marine  "  —  "  A  Soul  above  Buttons  "  —  Hymn  —  Perpetu- 
ances,  355. 
REPLIES  :-St.  Michael's  Mount,  CornwaU,  357— Alphabets 
in  the  Consecration  of  Churches,  358  —  Poem  by  Maurice 
O'Connell,  359  —  "  Buttermilk,"  360  —  Proverbs,  lb.  —  As- 
semblies of  Birds,  361  —  Glasgow :  Lanarkshire  Families- 
Hannah  Lightfoot  —  "  The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill"  — 
Shelley's  "  Adonais  "  —  Bottle  of  Hay  —  Colonel  Horton  or 
Houghton  —  "  Vale  of  the  Cross  "  —  French  Bishops,  Ac- 
Armorial  Queries  —  Defoe  —  Scotch  Jacobite  Letters  — 
Flint  Jack  —  Cynthia's  Dragon  Yoke  —  Position  in  Sleep- 
ing—Betting— "Shank's  Nag"  — Peers'  Residences  in 
1698-9— Punning  Mottoes  — Jolly  — Locket  Miniature  of 
Charles  I.  — Old  Clock,  362. 
Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


SHAKESPEARE, 

THOMAS  LUCY:    THE   EARL  OF   LEICESTER'S  PLAYERS. 

As  a  contribution  to  Shakespearian  literature  I 
send,  by  permission  of  the  Marquis  of  Bath, 
copies  of  two  original  documents  lately  discovered 
among  a  large  collection  of  Elizabethan  papers  at 
Longleat. 

1,  The  first  is  an  original  letter,  with  seal,  from 
Thomas  Lucy,  Esq.,  of  Charlcot,  co.  Warwick, 
addressed  to  "  Lord  Robert  Dudley,  Master  of  the 
Horse."  The  date  of  year  is  omitted,  but  the 
letter  must  have  been  written  between  Nov.  1558 
and  Sept.  1564 ;  because  Dudley  was  not  Master 
of  the  Horse  before  1558,  and  after  1564  he  was 
no  longer  "  Lord  Robert,"  but  Earl  of  Leicester. 
The  owner  of  Charlcot  during  that  time  was 
Thomas  Lucy,  who  succeeded  his  father  William 
Lucy  in  1651,  and  continued  owner  till  1605, 
The  writer  of  this  letter  was,  therefore,  no  other 
than  our  old  friend  "  Justice  Shallow."  Shake- 
speare having  been  born  in  1564,  the  letter  of 
course  can  have  no  reference  to  him,  or  to  any- 
thing that  he  did ;  but  as  an  undoubted  original 
from  the  pen  of  so  famous  a  Warwickshire  squire, 
it  must  be  pronounced  an  interesting  curiosity. 
That  it  should  ever  have  appeared  before  is,  I 
think,  from  the  circumstances  under  which  it  was 
discovered,  next  to  impossible. 


"  Thomas  Lucy  of  Charlcot  to  Lord  Robert  Dudley. 
"  Eight  honorable,  and  my  singuler  good  lorde,  pleasith 
it  youar  honor  to  be  advertised  that  according  lsic~\  youar 
lordships  request  and  my  one  [own]  promise,  I  have  sent 
you  my  sarvauut  Bumell,  whom  I  feare  will  not  be 
hable  to  doo  yo'  lordshipp  such  sarvice  as  I  could  wish 
nor  as  his  hart  woold  sarve,  for  that  by  occasion  of  longe 
sicknes  his  strength  is  greatly  decayed,  and  thereby  his 
shuting  much  hinderid.  Youar  lordshipp  must  take 
hede  in  making  of  yo""  matches  that  Burnell  be  not  over- 
marked,  for  that  at  this  instante  he  is  hable  to  shute  no 
farr  ground,  which  if  youar  lordshipp  forsee,  I  doo  not 
mistrust  but  he  will  be  hable  to  shute  with  the  best. 
Thus  as  one  of  the  lest  of  youar  lordships  friends  in 
power  or  habilite  to  doo  youar  lordshipp  any  sarvice  or 
pleasure,  allthough  as  willing  as  the  greatist  in  hart  and 
good  will  as  youar  lordshipp  shall  well  understand  when 
occasion  shall  sarve,  I  comend  you  unto  God  with  increas 
of  honor  according  to  youar  lordshipps  one  desier.  From 
Charlcot,  the  viij*'*  of  Aprill, 

"  at  youar  lordships  comaundment  during  life, 

«  Thomas  Lucy. 
(Address).  "  To  the  right  honorable 

and  his  singuler  good 

Lorde,  my  L.  Roberte 

Dudley,  M»  of  the  Quene's 

horse." 

The  handwriting  is  very  clear  and  good,  and 
the  spelling  no  worse  than  that  of  the  great 
majority  of  letters  written  by  the  gentry  of  those 
days.  The  seal  on  this  letter  is  perfect.  It  is  a 
small  oval,  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch  long ; 
and  the  device  upon  it  is  what,  in  the  language 
of  heraldry,  would  be  described  as  "  Three  luces 
(or  pikes),  fretted  in  triangle." 

"  Lucy "  and  "  luces "  remind  me  of  an  idea 
that  has  often  occurred  to  me  for  amending  a 
passage  in  Shakespeare  which,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  has  never  yet  been  satisfactorily  explained. 
In  The  Mernj  Wives  of  Windsor,  Act  I.  Sc.  1  :  — 

«  Slender  [speaking  of  Justice  Shallow's  coat  of  arms]. 
"  They  [the  Shallows]  may  give  the  dozen  white  luces 
in  their  coat. 

"  Shallow,  It  is  an  old  coat. 

"  Evans.  The  dozen  white  louses  do  become  an  old  coat 
well ;  it  agrees  well,  passant :  it  is  a  familiar  beast  to 
man,  and  signifies — love. 

«  Shalloio.  The  luce  is  the  fresh  fish :  the  salt  fish  is 
an  old  coat." 

It  is  this  last  line  which,  as  it  stands,  admits  of 
no  tolerable  meaning.  But  a  very  slight  altera- 
tion would  supply  one.  Divide  it,  and  give  the 
last  words  to  Parson  Evans.  Then,  recollecting 
his  Welsh  pronunciation  of  "goot"  for  "good," 
and  "tevil"  for  "devil,"  I  suppose  him  to  have 
replied :  "  T'is  ott  fish  in  an  old  coat."  Such  a 
reply  would  be  quite  natural.  Shallow  had  just 
corrected  the  parson's  blunder  between  luces  and 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  s.  XI.  May  4,  '67. 


louses  by  saying :  "  The  luce  in  my  old  family 
coat  is  no  louse,  but  a  fish :  the  freshwater  fish, 
the  pike."  The  parson's  instant  thought  would 
surely  be :  "  Very  odd — to  find  a  thing  that  is 
fresh  on  a  thing  that  is  old."  And  such  words  as 
"T'is  ott  fish  "  or  "That's  ott  fish"  might  very 
easily  be  mistaken  to  the  ear  for  "  The  salt  fish." 
My  emendation  would  therefore  stand  thus  :  — 

"  Shallow.  The  luce  is  the  fresh  fish. 

«  Evans.  T'is  ott  fish  in  an  old  coat." 

2.  The  other  original  document  found  at  Long- 
leat  is  a  letter  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester  from  the 
players  in  his  service.  In  "N.  &  Q."  (S"""*  S.  vii. 
331)  there  was  some  discussion  of  the  point  whe- 
ther "  Will,  my  Lord  of  Lester's  jesting  plaier," 
might  not  have  been  Will.  Shakespeare  himself. 
The  document  now  produced  presents  the  names 
of  the  Earl's  players ;  but  in  what  year  I  cannot 
say,  as  unluckily  there  is  no  date  upon  the 
paper : — 

"  To  the  right  honorable  Earle  of  Lecester,  their  good 
Lord  and  Master, 
"  Maye  yt  please  your  honor  to  understande  that  for- 
asmuche  as  there  is  a  certayne  Proclamacion  out  for  the 
re-sdvinge  of  a  Statute  as  touchinge  retayners,  as  your 
Lordshippe  knoweth  better  than  we  can  enforme  you 
therof :  We  therfore,  your  humble  Servaunts  and  daylye 
Orators  your  players,  for  avoydinge  all  inconvenients 
that  maye  growe  by  reason  of  the  saide  Statute,  are  bold 
to  trouble  j'our  Lordshippe  with  this  our  Suite,  humblie 
desiringe  your  honor  that  (as  you  have  bene  alwaj^es  our 
good  Lord  and  Master)  you  will  now  vouchsafie  to  re- 
teyne  us  at  this  present  as  your  houshold  Servaunts  and 
daylie  wayters,  not  that  we  meane  to  crave  any  further 
stipend  or  benefite  at  your  Lordshippes  handes  but  our 
Lyveries  as  we  have  had,  and  also  your  honors  License 
to  certifye  that  we  are  your  houshold  Servauntes  when 
we  shall  have  occasion  to  travayle  amongst  our  frendes 
as  we  do  usuallj'e  once  a  yere,  and  as  other  noble-mens 
Players  do  and  have  done  in  tyme  past,  Wherebie  we 
maye  enjoye  our  facultie  in  your  Lordshippes  name  as 
we  have  done  hertofore.  Thus  beyinge  bound  and 
readye  to  be  alwayes  at  your  Lordshippes  comandmente 
we  committ  your  honor  to  the  tuition  of  the  Almightie. 
Long  may  your  Lordshippe  live  in  peace, 

A  pere  of  noblest  peres  : 
In  helth  welth  and  prosperitie 
Piedoubling  Nestor's  yeres. 

"  Your  Lordshippes  servaunts  most 
bounden, 

"  James  Burbage, 
JOHX  Peekinne, 
John  Lanham, 
WiLLM  Johnson, 
Eobeete  Wilson, 
Thomas  Clarke." 

The  date  of  the  ''  certayne  Proclamacion  "  re- 


(Docketed  by  a  Secretary.) 
"  Y"^  L.  players." 


ferred  to  might  perhaps  easily  be  ascertained,  and 
that  would  supply  a  date  to  this  document. 
J.  E.  Jackson, 
Hon.  Canon  of  Bristol. 

Leigh  Delamere,  Chippenham. 

[Our  readers  are  greatly  indebted  to  the  Marquis  of 
Bath  for  enriching  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q."  (and  it  is  not 
the  first  time  thej'  have  been  so  enriched  by  the  treasures 
of  Longleat)  with  these  curious  Shakspearian  relics, 
as  also  to  the  Rev.  Canon  Jackson  for  his  kindness  in 
transcribing  them.  The  grant  of  the  first  Eoyal  Patent 
conceded  in  this  country  to  performers  of  plays  was 
procured  by  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  through  his  influence 
with  Queen  Elizabeth,  as  a  special  privilege  for  his  own 
servants.  The  original  Pri^'y  Seal  was  discovered  in  the 
Chapter  House,  Westminster,  and  bears  the  date  of  May 
7,  1574.  This  interesting  document  is  printed  by  Mr.  J. 
P.  Collier  in  his  Annals  of  the  Stage,  i.  211.— Ed.] 


WILLIAM  COLLINS. 


I  lately  had  occasion  to  speak  in  "  N.  &  Q."  of 
this  elegant  poet,  and  this  induces  me  to  offer  a 
few  remarks  on  some  of  his  Odes,  which  may  not 
perhaps  be  devoid  of  interest. 

It  has  never,  that  I  am  aware  of,  been  observed 
that  the  sentences  in  Collins's  Odes  are  longer 
than  those  of  Milton  or  any  other  English  poet. 
In  this,  however,  he  was  far  exceeded  by  his 
French  contemporary  Gresset,  in  whose  poem  of 
"La  Chartreuse"  I  have  actually  met  with  one 
single  sentence  of  ninety  lines  !  Thus  his  '^  Ode 
on  the  Poetical  Character"  of  seventy-six  lines 
consists,  I  may  say,  of  but  three  sentences,  of 
which  the  first  is  very  much  involved,  containing 
two  long  parentheses,  and  hence  neither  in  the 
poet's  own,  nor  in  any  other  edition,  has  it  ever 
Jbeen  correctly  pimctuated.  In  like  manner  the 
concluding  paragraph  or  sentence  of  "  The  Man- 
ners "  has  from  the  very  beginning  been  divided 
into  two  distinct  paragraphs,  and  the  first  of  them 
has  been  supposed  to  be  connected  with  the  pre- 
ceding one;  and  as  Humour  is  the  person  ad- 
dressed there,  it  has  seemed  absurd  to  characterise 
Le  Sage  by  his  "  Mariage  de  Vengeance ; "  while 
the  fact  is  that  from  "  By  old  Miletus "  to  the 
end  is  a  single  sentence,  and  the  whole  an  address 
to  Nature,  commencing  with  a  long  adjuration; 
and  surely  that  tale  belongs  to  Nature. 

It  has  been  observed  that  of  the  allegorical 
Odes,  with  a  single  exception,  the  opening  is 
always  the  same.  Four  begin  with  "0  thou," 
and  one  with  "  Thou,"  which  is  rather  curious, 
and  shows  some  want  of  skill  in  the  poet.  .John- 
son's criticism  on  him  is  confessedly  beneath  con- 
tempt. How  he  could  write  in  such  terms  of  a 
man  whom  he  knew  and  loved,  is  almost  incom- 
prehensible.   But  it  really  does  surprise  me  to 


3'd  S.  XI.  May  4,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


351 


find  Mr.  Willmott,  a  man  of  real  taste,  saying  of 
the  "Ode  to  Peace"  — 

"  This  is  one  of  the  least  harmonious  of  the  Odes,  and 
more  than  any  other  justifies  the  assertion  of  Johnson, 
that  his  diction  was  sometimes  harsh  and  clogged  with 
consonants." 

By  the  last  words  I  suppose  he  alludes  to  "  bad'st 
thy,"  " sought'st  thy,"  and  "hear'st  thee";  but 
surely  the  clogginfj  is  only  to  the  eye,  the  final  t 
being  alwa)'s  suppressed  in  reading.  To  my  ear, 
the  "Ode  to  Peace"  is  fully  as  harmonious  as 
any  in  the  collection.  It  must,  however,  be  con- 
fessed that  Collins  made  too  frequent  use  of  ^micht 
and  amidst ;  in  hia  "  Ode  to  Home,"  however,  he 
avoided  this  error. 

Two  of  the  Odes,  that  on  the  "Death  of  Col. 
Ross,"  and  the  "  Ode  to  Evening,"  require  parti- 
cular examination ;  for  we  have  difierent  editions 
of  them.  The  former  first  appeared  in  Dodsley's 
Museum  in  June  1746 ;  it  was  reprinted,  and  the 
latter  printed  for  the  first  time  in  the  volume  of 
the  Odes  published  by  Millar  at  the  end  of  that 
year.  Dodsley  printed  them  both,  greatly  altered, 
in  his  "  Collection  "  in  1748. 

It  has  been  asserted  that  these  alterations  must 
have  been  made  by  the  poet  himself,  for  Dodsley 
would  never  have  ventured  to  make  them  with- 
out the  poet's  consent,  and  that,  if  he  did,  it  would 
have  called  forth  a  protest  from  him.  But  how 
do  we  know  that  the  protest  was  not  made  ?  and 
besides,  Collins  was  so  disgusted  with  the  recep- 
tion his  Odes  had  met  with,  that  he  may  have 
cared  nothing  about  them,  and  have  left  them  to 
their  fate.  As  to  Dodsley's  not  tampering  with 
them,  that  is  a  thing  I  am  by  no  means  sure  of. 
Even  at  the  present  day,  literary  booksellers  are 
apt  to  be  somewhat  meddlesome ;  and  I  think  we 
have  proof,  in  Mr.  Willmott's  edition  of  Dyer,  that 
Dodsley  ivas  given  to  meddling  in  this  way.  In 
the  beginning  of  "  The  Fleece,"  we  meet  with 
traces  of  his  handywork ;  and  it  was  probably 
the  "  protest "  of  the  author  that  put  an  end  to 
his  mischief-making.  In  the  Ode  "  To  Fair 
Fidele's,"  &c..  Cave  would  have  Pastora,  and  so 
it  is  printed  in  the  Gentlemnn's  Magazme.  By- 
the-way,  the  most  curious  instance  I  have  ever  met 
with  of  this  audacity  is  the  following  :  — 

In  1816,   a  printer  of  a  literary  turn  took  it 
upon  him  t(^  print  and  edit  Phineas  Fletcher's 
Purple   Island.     His  taste,   it  appears,   revolted 
against  the  homeliness  of  — 
"Poorly,  poor  man,  he  lived;  poorly,   poor  man,    he 

died," 
as  applied  to  Spenser,  and  he  actually  changed  it 
to  — 

"  Distrest,  alas !  he  lived ;  distrest,  alas !  he  died, 
without  giving  the  reader  any  notice  whatever. 

It  is  also  inferred  that  the  alterations  in  the 
"  Ode  to  Evening"  must  have  been  made  by  the 
poet  himself;  for  his  friend  T.  Warton,  when 


reprinting  it  in  The  Union,  followed  the  version  in 
Dodsley's  Collection.  But  it  is  well  known  how 
careless  T.  Warton  was,  and  he  probably  made  no 
inquiry,  but  took  what  first  came  to  hand. 

On  the  whole,  my  decided  opinion  is  that  the 
alterations,  all  of  which  are  for  the  worse,  were 
made  either  by  Dodsley  himself,  or  some  poetaster 
among  his  friends.  This  I  shall,  I  think,  de- 
monstrate in  another  Number  of  "  N.  &  Q."  by  a 
critical  examination  of  the  several  passages.  What 
I  have  here  written  is  merely  preliminary. 

Thos.  Keightiet. 


WILLIAM  AUSTIN  :  PRINCESS  OLIVE, 
Turning  over  a  number  of  letters  which  were 
the  property  of  the  late  Mr.  Thelwall,  of  political 
notoriety,  and  who  was  editor  of  a  newspaper 
called  the  Champioji,  I  find  a  very  curious  pro- 
duction respecting  a  certain  Mr.  William  Austin, 
who  was  the^ro^e^e  of  Her  Majesty  Queen  Caro- 
line, and  as  it  may  be  of  sufiicient  value  to  be  pre- 
served in  the  columns  of  "  N.  &  Q."  I  give  it  at 
length.  The  date  of  the  post-mark  corresponds 
with  that  of  the  letter,  viz.  Feb.  2, 1833  :  — 

[Addressed.]  "  J.  Thelwall,  Esq., 

"  Dring, 

"  near  Aylesbury. 
"  Sir, 

"  I  beg  to  apologise  for  this  intrusion  upon  your  atten- 
tion, and  take  leave  to  inform  you  that  I  am  a  brother  of 
Mr.  William  Austin,  the  protege  of  Her  late  Majesty 
Queen  Caroline, 

"  I  have  read  your  letter  of  the  15th  ult.  to  the  Editor 
of  The  Times  (which  appeared  in  that  paper  yesterday), 
respecting  certain  dormant  subscription  funds,  particu- 
larly that  which  was  raised  to  purchase  Her  late  Majesty 
a  service  of  plate,  and  submit  that  such  fund  ought  in 
justice  and  charity  to  be  transferred  to  my  poor  and  un- 
fortunate brother. 

"  Her  late  Majesty,  by  her  will,  bequeathed  to  my 
brother,  with  a  few  exceptions,  the  whole  of  her  property, 
including  plate,  but  being  in  insolvent  circumstances  at 
the  time  of  her  decease  her  effects  were  sold  to  pay  her 
debts.  There  was,  however,  a  small  property  given  to  the 
Queen  by  her  mother  the  Duchess  of  Brunswick,  which. 
Her  Majesty  bequeathed  to  my  brother,  as  a  specific 
legacy.  That  property  produces  only  lOOZ.  per  annum, and 
is  all  he  has  to  subsist  upon  ;  thus,  my  brother  having 
been  brought  up  by  Her  late  Majesty  from  the  age  of 
four  months,  and  treated  and  educated  \>y  her  in  every 
respect  as  her  own  son,  is  left  all  but  destitute.  The  cir- 
cumstance has  so  preyed  upon  his  mind  as  to  drive  him 
into  a  state  of  insanity,  and  he  has  now  been  confined  in 
a  lunatic  asylum  in  Itaty  nearly  four  years,  upwards  of 
two  whereof  were  suffered  to  elapse  without  the  circum- 
stance being  communicated  to  his  relatives.  Had  the  ser- 
vice of  plate  been  purchased  previous  to  Her  Majesty's 
decease  it  would  have  come  to  my  brother  by  the  will ; 
and  as  the  money  was  subscribed  for  and  given  to  the 
Queen,  in  my  humble  opinion  it  ought  long  ere  this  to 
have  been  handed  to  her  executors  for  the  benefit  of  my 
brother,  who  is  Her  late  Majesty's  residuary  legatee. 

"  The  only  benefit  mj'  family  ever  derived  by  Her  late 
Majesty's  adoption  of  my  brother  was  a  situation  pro- 
cured for  my  father  in  the  Customs,  at  the  small  salarj'  of 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  Mat  4,  67. 


80Z.  per  annum,  which  is  all  that  he  ever  had  to  bring  up 
and  educate  his  children,  for  whom,  out  of  so  small  an 
income,  he  was  unable  to  make  any  provision.  My  father 
died  in  August  last,  leaving  my  mother  and  sister  totally 
destitute,  and  depending  upon  me  and  another  brother  for 
support.  That  brother  has  a  wife  and  four  children ;  I  have 
a  similar  family  ;  and  we  are  in  such  distress  that  my 
mother  is  obliged  to  solicit  parochial  relief,  but  all  that 
she  is  allowed  is  two  shillings  per  week  for  herself  and 
my  sister. 

"  I  have  had  an  application  before  the  Chancellor  up- 
wards of  two  years,  highly  recommended,  and  praying 
that  he  would  use  his  influence  to  procure  me  a  situation 
in  the  Customs  as  landing  waiter,  but  of  which  he  has 
never  taken  any  notice,  although  I  have  repeatedly 
written  to  him  on  the  subject.  I  have  also  made  a  simi- 
lar application  to  all  of  Her  late  Majesty's  friends,  but 
every  one  of  them  turn  a  deaf  ear  to  my  entreaties.  If  my 
parents  had  not  consented  to  Her  late  Majesty's  adoption 
of  my  brother,  it  is  probable  she  would  not  have  been  per- 
secuted, and  the  Chancellor  would  not  have  had  such 
opportunities  of  displaying  the  great  abilities  he  possesses. 
I  submit  he  is  indebted  to  that  circumstance  for  his 
gradual  rise  in  the  profession  to  which  he  belongs,  and 
ought  not  to  permit  my  poor  aged  and  infirm  mother  to 
solicit  for  and  receive  parochial  relief ;  the  above  men- 
tioned situation  he  could  procure  for  me  in  24  hours,  the 
salary  whereof  would  enable  me  to  maintain  ray  mother 
and  family  comfortably,  but  I  have  no  friend  to  interfere 
in  my  behalf.  Were  Her  late  Majesty  now  living  it  would 
not  be  so. 

"  If  you  wish  it  I  will  write  you  more  at  large  respect- 
ing the  state  my  brother  is  in,  for  the, conduct  of  some 
persons  has  been  decidedly  illegal  and  ought  to  be  ex- 
posed, but  I  fear  the  time  has  gone  by  for  anything  re- 
lating to  Her  late  Majesty  or  her  affairs  to  excite  atten- 
tion or  sympathy  in  the  public  mind ;  however,  I  am 
informed  by  one  of  the  persons  that  before  my  brother 
can  be  brought  to  England  it  will  be  necessarj-  to  take 
proceedings  for  declaring  him  a  lunatic  in  Italy,  then 
application  must  be  made  to  the  Supreme  Court  at  Vienna 
to  permit  his  removal,  which  it  is  asserted  will  be 
attended  with  an  expense  of  more  than  250/.,  and  that  it 
would  require  a  similar  sum  to  have  him  conveyed  home. 
My  brother  has  no  property  in  Italy  (the  estate  of 
Como  I  am  told  he  never  will  obtain  possession  of),  and 
why  it  should  be  necessarj-^  to  declare  a  man  to  be  a 
lunatic  in  a  country  where  he  has  no  property,  and  where 
there  is  no  one  to  dispute  his  being  in  that  state,  I  am  at 
a  loss  to  understand.  At  all  events,  we  are  without  the 
means  of  defraying  these  expenses,  and  therefore  I  wrote 
to  Mr.  Hume  a  short  time  back  to  know  if  something 
could  not  be  advanced  out  of  the  plate  fund ;  but  he  says, 
Xo,  the  money  must  be  spent  in  erecting  a  monument  to 
Her  late  Majesty's  memory,  which  assertion  your  letter 
shows  is  all  a  farce.  What  monument  does  Her  Majesty's 
memory  require  ?  is  not  my  brother  a  living  monument 
of  her  memory  and  her  wrongs  ? 

"  I  hope,  my  good  Sir,  if  you  have  any  influence ;  that 
you  will  use  it  in  behalf  of  my  unfortunate  brother,  that 
he  may  be  brought  to  England,  and  am 

"  Sir,  your  most  obedient  Servant, 

«  SAML.  AUSTIN. 

"  PS.  Where  do  Messrs.  Beaumont  and  Green  reside  ? 

"  4,  Jamaica  Row,  Bermondsej',  Feb.  2, 1833." 

I  also  found  a  document  which  will  interest 
those  collecting  "ana"  touching  the ^seMfZo-Prin- 
cess  of  Cumherland — Olive  (Serres),  &c.  It  is  a 
most  regal  scrawl,  written  upon  royal  foolscap 
and  sealed  with  the  royal  arms ;  it  is  addressed  i 


to  the  Editor  of  the  Champion,  but  unfortunately 
undated ;  being  evidently  sent  by  hand,  no  post- 
mark is  impressed  upon  the  direction. 


"  Sir 


"  For  the  Editor  of  the  Champion, 
"  Champion  Office. 


"  I  shall  be  obliged  if  you  will  attend  to  the  enclosed. 
Such  an  attempt  will  speak  for  itself.  Mr.  Sheriff  Par- 
kins, Sir  Gerard  Noel,  and  others,  have  seen  the  ball  iu 
the  window.    I  thank  the  Almighty  for  my  safety. 

"  OLIVE. 
"  Wednesday. 

"  25,  Alfred  Place,  Bedford  Square. 
"  (Enclosure.) 
"  '  An  Attempt  to  Assassinate  the  Princess  of 
Cumberland. 
"  *  On  Monday  night  about  eleven  o'clock  some  person 
or  persons  fired  at  a  window  where  the  Princess  of  Cum- 
berland was  standing,  in  Alfred  Place,  and  the  bullet 
entered  the  window  exactly  in  the  center  \_sic']  of  the 
middle  pane  of  glass,  just  two  inches  above  her  head. 
This  attrocious  [sicj  attempt  will  speak  volumes  to  The 
English  Nation.' " 

F.  W.  C. 


Chmst-ckoss.  —  In  Piers  Ploughman's  Crede, 
1.  1,  we  find  "  Cros  and  curteis  Christ  this  begyn- 
nyng  spede,"  where  there  seems  to  be  an  allusion 
to  the  prefixing  of  a  cross  to  the  beginning  of  a 
piece  of  vsaiting,  especially  of  an  alphabet  in  a 
primer ;  see  Nares's  Glossary,  s.  v.  Cross-row  and 
Christ-cross-row.  Also  in  a  poem,  by  the  Rev. 
J.  S.  Hawker,  called  "  A  Christ-cross  Rhyme," 
we  find  at  the  very  begioning — 

"  Christ  his  cross  shall  be  my  speed, 
Teach  me,  father  John,  to  read." 

Now  it  is  to  be  observed  that  in  Chaucer's 
Treatise  on  the  Astrolabe  occurs  the  following  : — 
"This  border  is  devided  also  with  xxiii.  letters, 
and  a  small  crosse  aboue  the  south  line  that 
sheweth  the  xxiiij.  houres  equales  of  the  clocke ; " 
and  in  the  diagrams  accompanying  this  in  the 
MSS.  we  accordingly  see  a  a-oss  at  the  south  or 
starting-point,  followed  by  the  twenty-three  letters 
of  the  alphabet,  j,  v,  and  w  being  omitted.  The 
fact  is,  that  the  true  use  of  a  cross,  in  drawing,  is  to 
define  or  mark  a  point,  especially  a  point  to  start 
or  measure  from  (there  being  no  more  convenient 
way  of  defining  a  point  than  by  thus  considering 
it  as  the  spot  zohei-e  tzvo  shoH  lines  intersect) ;  and  I 
believe  this  to  be  its  simple  and  sole  original  use 
when  prefixed  to  the  alphabet  in  an  astrolabe, 
except  that  it  was  also  found  convenient  to  in- 
crease the  number  of  symbols  from  the  awkward 
number  of  twenty-^Aree  to  the  very  convenient 
one  of  twenty-/o?<r.  But  it  was  impossible  that 
it  could  be  used  long  without  reference  being 
supposed  to  be  made  to  the  cross  of  Christ,  and  it 
must  soon  have  been  regarded  as  invoking  Christ's 
blessing  upon  the  commencement  of  any  writing. 
Hence  the  term  Christ-cross-row,  or  shortly,  cross- 


3rd  S.  XI.  ]May4, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


353 


row.  Arclideacon  Nares  has  another  suggestion, 
that  the  cross-roio  was  probably  named  from  a 
superstitious  custom  of  writing  the  alphabet  in 
the  form  of  a  cross,  by  way  of  charm  ;  but  I  prefer 
the  former  explanation.  He  also  says,  "  the  mark 
of  noon  on  a  dial  is  in  the  following  passage 
jocularly  called  the  chr id-cross  of  the  dial,  being 
the  figure  of  a  cross  placed  instead  of  xii. : — 

"  Fall  to  your  business  roundly;  the  fescue  [?  festue, 
Lat.  festuca\  of  the  dial  is  upon  the  Christ-cross  of 
noon." — Puritan,  iv.  2,  Suppl.  to  Sh.  ii.  607. 

But  there  is  no  need  to  insert  the  word  jocularly  ; 
it  was  natural  enough  that  it  should  come  to  be 
so  called.  Waxter  W,  Skeat. 

Cambridge. 

Grey  Horses  in  DtrBLrN",— Evei7one  who  has 
been  in  Dublin  for  four-and-twenty  hours  must 
have  seen  Carlisle  Bridge,  over  which  there  is  an 
enormous  traffic.  I  have  for  very  many  years, 
when  passing  over  it,  watched  the  horses  as  they 
Tvent  by  at  all  business  hours,  and,  singular  to 
say,  I  have  never  yet  seen  it,  that  I  can  recal  to 
memory,  for  tJiree  minutes  without  a  ffrei/  horse 
either  upon  it,  going  from,  or  coming  up  to,  and 
within  a  few  yards  of  it.  I  have  not  omitted 
noticing  this  curious  circumstance  for  probably 
nearly  twenty  years.       H.  Lofttjs  Tottenham. 

Jack  a  Barnell. — I  have  lately  heard  a  pro- 
"vincial  word  which,  if  unrecorded,  is  much  at 
your  service.  Passing  over  a  brook  near  Kineton, 
in  Warwickshire,  I  asked  an  old  man  if  there 
were  any  fish  in  it.  He  said,  "  No,  not  many." 
"What  sort?"  said  I.  "Oh,  only  little  JacJc-a- 
JBarnell  things,"  by  which  I  presume  that  Jack-a- 
Bamell  is  Warwickshire  for  stickleback. 

C,  W.  Barkxey. 

Purgatory.  —  In  Herefordshire,  and  possibly 
in  many  other  counties,  the  ash-pit  under  the 
grating  beneath  a  large  kitchen  fire  is  called  the 
purgcdory.     The  allusion  is  obvious.     T.  W.  W. 


The  Captive  King  and  Psalm  cxix.  137. — 
Dean  Stanley,  in  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and 
instructive  parts  of  his  remarkable  History  of  the 
Jencish  Church,  dwells  on  the  peculiar  solace  and 
comfort  which  so  many  have  derived  from  the 
Psalter,  "  through  their  different  trials,  of  wan- 
derings, escapes,  captivity,  banishment,  bereave- 
ment, persecutions,"  &c.  (vol.  ii.  p.  150).  In  an 
old  MS.  before  me,  the  writer  speaks  of  a  captive 
Mng  who  wrote  on  the  window  of  his  prison : 
*' Righteous  art  Thou,  O  Lord,  and  just  are  Thy 
judgments."  I  should  be  glad  to  know  who  is 
the  king  referred  to,  and  to  hear  of  similar 
instances.  Q.  Q. 


CoRNELnis  Brings,  or  Evins. — In  Boys's  His- 
tory of  Sanchoich,  p.  715,  is  a  short  account  of  one 
Cornelius  Brings,  or  Evins,  who  in  May,  1648, 
succeeded  in  persuading  the  mayor  and  jurats  of 
Sandwich  that  he  was  the  Prince  of  Wales.  Mr. 
Boys  quotes  "  from  papers  in  my  own  possession." 
Do  these  documents  contain  anything  further 
about  this  impostor  ?  If  so,  where  are  they  ?  I 
shaU  be  glad  of  references  to  facts  with  regard  to 
the  career  of  Cornelius  Brings  alias  Evins. 

Edward  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

Ecclesiastical  Buildings  of  Brittany.  — In 
Ferguson's  History  of  Architecture  (1st  ed.  2  vols.) 
I  find  no  account  of  the  ecclesiastical  buildings  in 
the  ancient  province  of  Brittany,  though  there  are 
ample  descriptions  of  similar  objects  in  all  other 
districts  of  France.  The  cathedrals  of  Vannes, 
Quimper,  Dol,  St.  Pol  de  Leon,  Treguier,  &c., 
the  Calvary  of  Plougastel,  the  Spire  and  ex- 
quisite "  Jube  "  at  Folgoat,  and  the  ruined  Abbey 
of  St.  Matthew  on  Cape  Finisterre,  are  amongst 
the  glories  of  this  ancient  duchy;  besides  the 
innumerable  Celtic  remains  that  abound  on  its 
granite  hills.  Can  you  inform  me  what  works 
contain  the  best  account  of  these  ancient  struc- 
tures ?  I  have  seen  some  large  folio  drawings  in 
a  French  publication  which  gave  me  an  impres- 
sion of  their  architectural  importance. 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

French  Register  of  Thorney  Abbey. — 
Where  is  the  French  register  of  marriages  and 
burials  at  Thomey  Abbey  ?  The  French  register 
of  baptisms  is  in  the  custody  of  the  incumbent  of 
Thorney;  but  the  register  I  now  inquire  for  is 
missing — it  may,  nevertheless,  still  be  in  exist- 
ence. Is  any  copy  of  it  known  to  exist  ?  and  if 
so,  where  is  it  ?  F.  B. 

66,  Cambridge  Terrace,  W. 

Genealogical. — Can  anyone  inform  me  where 
I  can  find  the  names  of  the  seventy  Campbells 
who  were  at  the  skirmish  of  Keith,  1745  ?  And 
also,  information  would  be  thankfully  received 
respecting  the  Campbells  of  Monzie  and  Finab. 
And  also,  information  respecting  the  Chandler 
family,  who  were  located  in  Hants,  Gloucester, 
and  Wilts,  about  two  hundred  years  ago.  The 
Visitation  of  Hants,  1634,  gives  a  pedigree  of 
Chandler  of  Barton,  Southampton.  Can  any  one 
furnish  me  with  the  descendants  of  George  and 
William,  living  there  at  that  period  ?  Address, 
H.  A.  Bridge,  Mr.  Lewis,  Bookseller,  Gower 
Street,  Euston  Square,  London. 

"  Humphrey  Clinker." — In  one  of  the  letters 
(Aug.  8)  in  this  work  of  Smollett's  (from  Melford 
to   Sir  Watkia  Phillips),   occurs   the  following 


"  I  had  a  whimsical  commission  from  Bath  to  a  citizen 
of  this  metropolis   (Edinburgh).     Quin,  understanding 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  ]^Lvr  4,  '6; 


our  intention  to  visit  Edinburgh,  pulled  out  a  guinea ; 
and  desired  the  favour  I  would  drink  it  at  a  Tavern  with 
a  particular  friend  and  bottle-companion  of  his,  one  Mr. 

E—  C ,  a  lawyer  of  this  citj".    I  charged  myself -^yith 

the  commission,  and,  taking  the  guinea, '  You  see,'  said  I 
'  I  have  pocketed  your  bounty,'  "  &c.,  &c. 

Who  is  meant  by  "Mr.  K—  C "  ? 

^  X.  C. 

IvEY  TO  Prixx  ATA^fTED.  —  I  shall  be  particu- 
larly indebted  to  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  who 
will  inform  me  how  to  procure  (or  will  lend  me  for 
a  day  or  two,  if  he  has  it  in  his  possession,  and  is 
not  willing  to  sell  it)  a  key  to  a  print  of  "  Eminent 
Women,"  drawn  by  W~  Warman,  engraved  by 
J.  Bacon,  and  published  by  Owen  Bailey,  then  of 
iNewman  Street,  London,  but  now  deceased,  on 
April  6,  1857.  I  do  not  appeal  to  "  N_.  &  Q."  till 
I  have  tried  ordinary  means  of  obtaining  what  I 
want.  Communications  may  be  addressed  to  me 
to  the  care  of  the  publisher  of  "  jST.  &  Q." 

Job  J.  Bakd"syell  Workakd,  M.A. 
Leslie  Fa^iily  (3'^  S.  xi.  175.)  —Will  any  of 
your  correspondents  upon  the  subject  inform  me 
which  of  the  Brouns  of  Coalstoim  raised  a  troop 
of  horse  in  the  service  of  the  Pretender,  and  by 
the  influence  of  his  family  escaped  to  Virginia  from 
the  penalty  of  his  treason  ?  I  should  be  glad  to 
know  his  Christian  name,  and  if  an  elder  or  a 
younger  son.  A.  H.  G. 

Paul  Yeroxese  PEoai  Hajiptox  CorRx.  —  I 
am  informed  that  there  is  now  in  the  London 
picture-market  a  Paul  Veronese  abstracted  from 
the  gallery  at  Hampton  Court  by  Piince  Frederick, 
father  of  George  III.,  pawned  by  him  for  1200/., 
and  never  redeemed.  Can  any  of  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  throw  any  light  on  this  curious 
scandal  ?  Her^iagoeas. 

Quotation's  Wan^ted.  — 

"  0  hadst  thou  lived  when  every  Saxon  clown 
First  stabbed  his  man,  and  then  paid  half-a-crown  : 
With  such  a  choice  in  thy  well-balanced  scale. 
Say  would  thv  avarice  or  thy  spite  prevail  ?  " 

W.  D.  W\ 

In  the  Ingoldshy  Legends  the  following  lines 
occur  in  "  The  Bagman's  Dog  " :  — 

"  But  stiU  on  the  words  of  the  bard  keep  a  fixed  eye, 
'  Ingratum  si  dixeris  omnia  dixti ! '  " 

Who  is  the  bard  referred  to  ?  A.  P. 

Who  is  the  author  of  these  lines  ?  I  find  them 
written  below  a  water-colom-  picture,  an  Eastern 
scene — a  courtyard,  or  patio,  in  full  sunlight :  — 

"  Hail,  gentle  Sleep !  attend  thy  votar>-'s  prayer. 
And  though  Death's  image,  to  my  couch  repair. 
How  sweet  thus  lifeless,  though  M-ith  life,  to  lie ! 
Thus,  without  dying,  0  how  sweet  to  die ! " 

L. 

"  The  pious  Alfred,  king  to  justice  dear. 
Lord  of  the  harp  and  liberating  spear." 

SCISCITATOB. 


The  origin  of  the  motto  "Chi  legge  regge,"" 
adopted  by  one  of  the  Metropolitan  library  com.- 
panies?  A.  G.  S. 

Can  any  correspondent  of  "N.  &  Q."  kindly 
assist  me  in  identifying  the  following  singular 
passage,  quoted  by  Edgar  Allan  Poe  in  a  note  to 
his  poem  entitled  Al  Aaraaf? —  * 

"  The  verie  essence  and,  as  it  were,  springeheade  and 
origine  of  all  musicke  is  the  verie  pleasaunte  sounde 
which  the  trees  of  the  forest  do  make  when  they  growe." 

Poe  says  that  he  met  with  it  in  an  old  English 
tale.  Perhaps  some  disciple  of  Captain  Cuttle 
who  is  in  the  habit  of  pondering  "  over  many  a 
quaint  and  cui-ious  volume  of  forgotten  lore  "  may 
have  chanced  to  light  on  the  above  passage. 

I  quote  from  the  edition  of  Poe's  poems  pub- 
lished by  Addey  &  Co.,  London,  1856. 

Who  is  the  author  of  the  line  — 
"  But  with  the  morning  cool  reflection  came," — 
quoted  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  the  "  Chronicles  of 
the  Canongate "  ( Waverleij  Kovels,  edit.  1860, 
vol.  xli.  p.  124)  ?  Mr.  Grocott,  in  his  excellent 
Index  of  Familiar  Quotcdions,  attributes  it  to 
Scott,  but  the  latter  imdoubtedly  introduces  it  as 
a  quotation  from  some  other  writer.  The  great 
novelist  was,  as  we  know,  in  the  habit  of  sub- 
scribing "  Old  Play,"  or  the  name  of  some  author 
who  never  existed,  to  lines  of  his  own  composi- 
tion ;  but,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  he  only  did  this 
in  the  mottoes  to  his  chapters. 

Jonathan^  Botjchiee. 

Who  is  the  author  of  the  lines  beginning  — 
"  They  err  who  tell  us  there  is  need 
Of  time  for  love  to  grow." 

Mo. 

Where,  and  by  whom,  is  the  following,  only  a 
portion  of  which  I  can  remember  :  "  Women  are 
queens  in  England,  housewives  in  Germany,  slaves 
in  Italy,"  &c.,  &c."  ?  Josephus. 

Shrewsbury  Graitmae  School. — From  a  re- 
cent article  in  Blackicood' s  Magazine,  giving  an 
account  of  Shrewsbury  School,  it  appeal's  that  the 
old  custom  of  the  boys  acting  a  play  before  the 
Midsummer  or  Christmas  holidays  was  revived 
by  Dr.  Butler  about  thirtj^  or  forty  years  sl^o.  As 
I  have  little  doubt  that  among  your  contributors 
are  many  old  Shrewsbury  scholars,  perhaps  some 
of  them  would  have  the  kindness  to  answer  the 
following  queries : — 1.  What  was  the  date  of  the 
first  performance  under  Dr.  Butler's  regime,  and 
have  there  been  plays,  Latin  and  English,  acted  by 
the  boys  during  the  last  few  years  ?  2.  Have 
any  original  dramatic  sketches,  epilogues  (Latin  or 
English),  &c.  &c.,  been  wiitten  (on  any  occasion) 
for  the  Shrewsbury  school  theatricals ;  and  if  so,, 
who  were  the  authors  ?  2.  Can  any  old  Shrews- 
buTi-  scholar  give  a  cast  of  the  characters  of  any 
of  these  school  plays  ?  R.  L 

^  ^  r.V,  I/. /^^ . 


3»*S.XI.  May4,'67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


William  Chambeklait^e. — Is  anytliino- known 
of  the  birth,  parentage,  or  education  of  William 
Chamberlayne,  author  of  the  Pharonnida?  In  the 
edition  I  have  before  me — viz.  that  of  1659,  he 
calls  himself  "  William  Chamberlayne  of  Shafts- 
bury  in  the  county  of  Dorcet."  His  book  is 
-printed  by  a  publisher  connected  also,  as  I  con- 
jecture from  his  name  and  sign,  with  this  county — 
viz.  "  Robert  Clavell,  at  the  sign  of  the  Stags- 
head  (the  crest  of  the  Dorsetshire  Clavells),  near 
St.  Gregories  Church  in  St.  Paul's  Church-yard," 
and  it  is  dedicated  "to  the  Right  Worshipfull, 
Sir  William  Portman,  Baronet," 

In  this  dedication  he  mentions  the  "  candid  re- 
ception" which  the  good  baronet  had  lately  given 
to  his  "more  youthful!  labours,  whose  humble 
flights  having  your  name  to  beautifie  their  front, 
past  the  publick  view  unsullied  by  the  cloudy  as- 
pect of  the  most  Critick  Spectator." 

I  should  be  glad  if  any  of  your  readers  could 
direct  me  to  these.  C,  W.  Bingham. 

[Of  William  Chamberlayne  little  more  is  known  than 
that  he  was  a  phj'sician  at  Shaftesbury  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  I.,  whose  cause  during  the  civil  wars  he  espoused ; 
^nd,  as  is  to  be  inferred  from  the  conclusion  of  the  third 
book  of  his  Heroic  Poem  Pharonnida,  was  present  at  the 
second  battle  of  Newbury.  His  poetical  labours,  in  all 
probability,  suffered  some  interruption  from  his  more 
warlike  occupations,  and  this  supposition  is  strengthened 
by  the  circumstance  of  the  two  last  books  commencing 
with  a  new  paging,  and  being  printed  in  a  different  type. 
However  rich  Chamberlayne  might  be  in  the  gifts  of 
nature,  he  was  not  ver^'  plentifiillj'  endowed  with  those 
of  fortune,  as  we  collect  from  the  beginning  of  the  first 
"book,  where  he  complains  of  poverty,  and  the  bad  recep- 
ition  his  poem  had  met  with.  In  the  preface  of  his  poem 
also  he  informs  us,  that  fortune  had  placed  him  in  too 
low  a  sphere  to  be  happy  in  the  acquaintance  of  the  age's 
more  celebrated  wits.  He  died  on  January  11,  1689, 
having  lived  to  the  age  of  seventy  j^ears,  and  was  buried 
at  Shaftesbury,  in  the  churchyard  of  the  Holj'  Trinity, 
■where  his  son,  Valentine  Chamberlayne,  erected  a  monu- 
ment to  his  memorj-. 

During  the  preceding  year  Chamberlayne  published  a 
tragi-comedy  entitled  Love's  Victory,  "  London,  Printed 
by  E.  Cotes,  and  are  to  be  sold  by  Robert  Clavell  at  the 
Stags-head  neer  St.  Gregories  Church  in  St.  Pauls-church- 
yard. 1658,"  4to.  This  comedy  is  also  dedicated  to  Sir 
William  Portman,  Bart.,  in  which  he  tells  his  patron 
that  "  if  the  reading  afford  you  but  as  many  minutes  as 
the  composure  did  me  hours  of  retired  content,  I  shall 
think  these  low  delights  of  youthful  fancy  worthy  the 
esteem  of  my  maturer  thoughts,  to  which  the  burthens  of 
implojnnent  have  now  added  (if  not  more  judgment)  yet 
more,  solidity."  For  this  account  of  William  Chamber- 
layne we  are  indebted  to  a  writer  in  the  Retrospective  Re- 
view, i.  21.] 


Gaunt  Hoijse, — This  place  was  a  royal  gar- 
rison during  our  great  civil  war  (Sprigge,  Anglia 
Redmva,  p.  27).  Where  can  any  account  of  its 
ancient  and  its  present  state  be  found  ? 

A.  0.  V.  P. 

[The  curious  and  interesting  building  called  Gaunt 
House  stands  between  Standlake  and  Xorthmore,  co.  Ox- 
ford :  it  is  partly  moated,  and  retaining  traces  of  a  draw- 
bridge. In  1835,  when  Lewis  published  the  third  edition 
of  his  Topographical  Dictionary,  it  was  tenanted  by  a 
farmer.  Anthony  a  Wood,  in  his  manuscripts  relating  to 
the  history  of  this  place,  has  supplied  a  few  particulars 
concerning  it.  He  conceives  it  was  built  by  John  Gaunt 
and  Joan  his  wife.  There  was  a  brass  'in  Standlake 
church,  on  which  was  engraved  the  following  inscription  ; 
"  Orate  pro  anima  Johanne  Gaunt,  nuperuxoris  Johannis 
Gaunt,  qua;  obiit  x.  die  Martii,  anno  Dom.  BtccccLxv." 
It  seems,  however,  very  unlikely  that  it  ever  was  the 
residence  of  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster,  who  died 
in  1399.  When  this  house  was  used  as  a  garrison  for 
King  Charies  L  in  the  years  1644-5,  it  then  belonged  to 
Dr.  Samuel  Fell,  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  and  afterwards 
to  his  son  Dr.  John  Fell,  Bishop  of  Oxford. 

In  Mercurius  Civicus,  Lo7idon's  Intelligencer  of  May  29 
to  June  5, 1645,  we  read  that"  On  Munday  last,  June  2,  it 
was  advertised  by  letters  from  the  leaguer  before  Oxford, 
that  upon  the  Friday  before,  two  hundred  of  Colonel 
Rainsborough's  regunents  of  foot  marched  with  Captaine 
Porter  and  his  troope  of  horse  to  view  a  garrison  of  the 
enemies  called  Gaunt  House,  about  eight  miles  from  Ox- 
ford." 

Again,  in  A  Perfect  Diurnall,  or  Some  Passages  in  Par- 
liament, No.  97,  June  2-8,  1645,  it  is  stated,  "  From  our 
forces  before  Oxford  by  letters  this  day  (June  2)  it  was 
certified,  that  Col.  Rainsborough  -^th  his  regiment  of 
foot,  and  three  troops  of  Col.  Sheffeild's  horse,  had  taken 
in  Gaunt  House  (a  garrison  of  the  enemies  within  eight 
miles  of  Oxford)  the  governour  with  all  his  soulders, 
armes,  powder,  and  provisions."] 

Jefwellis.  —  The  following  is  from  an  article 
on  "  John  Knox  "  in  the  Westminster  Revieiv  for 
July,  1853,  p.  20:  — 

"  It  so  happened  that  certain  faithful  of  the  West — some 
of  Lord  Argyle's  men  probably — were  in  the  town.  They 
had  come  in  at  the  news  that  the  preachers  were  to  be 
tried,  and  the  meaning  of  this  proclamation  was  perfectly 
clear  to  them  ;  so,  by  waj'  of  reply  to  it,  they  assembled 
together,  found  their  way  into  the  presence-chamber 
where  the  queen  was  in  council  with  the  bishops,  to  com- 
plain of  such  strange  entertainment ;  and,  not  getting 
such  an  answer  as  they  desired,  one  of  them  said  to  her, 
'  Madame,  we  know  this  is  the  malice  and  device  of  those 
jefwellis  and  of  that  bastard  (Archbishop  of  St.  Andrews) 
that  stands  by  you  ;  we  vow  to  God  we  shall  make  a  day 
of  it.' " 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  jefwellis  f 

E.  E.  C. 

[Jefwellis  is  sometimes  spelt  Jevel,  Jefwell,  or  Javell, 
"  the  etymon  of  which,"  says  Jamieson,  "  like  the  signifi- 
cation of  the  term,  must  be  left  uncertain."    Mr.  Laing, 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XI.  BlAY  4,  '67 


in  his  Glossary  to  Knox's  History  of  the  Reformation,  gives 
the  following  explanation  of  this  term :  "  Jefwellis, 
knaves,  or  a  contemptuous  expression,  equivalent  to  jail- 
bird, derived  from  javel,  jefifell,  jail,  or  prison,"  Mr. 
Way  has  also  a  note  on  this  word  in  Promptoriwn  Parvu- 
lorum,  p.  257 :  "Javel,  or  jevel,  is  a  term  of  contempt, 
which  signifies,  according  to  Bishop  Kennet,  a  rascal  or 
base  fellow  — 

'  Lat  be,  quoth  Jock,  and  call'd  him  jevel. 
And  by  the  tail  him  tugged.'  " 

Christ  Kirk,  St.  7. 
Consult  also  Nares's  Glossary,  s.  v.  Javel.  j 

Sekbokian  Bog. —  In  one  of  tlie  later  speeches 
in  parliament  allusion  was  made  to  the  Serbonian 
Bog ;  and  J.  A.  St.  John,  'm  his  work  on  JEgt/pt 
mid  Nuhia,  p.  55,  speaking  of  the  large  lakes  in 
the  Delta  of  the  Nile  and  near  it,  says  :  — 

"  Farther  to  the  east  we  have  the  Birhet-el-Balah  or 
Date  Lake,  and  the  Sebaka  Bardual  or  Sirbonian  Bog, 
•  where  armies  whole  have  sunk.'  Modem  experience  has 
verified  the  account  given  of  this  singular  tract  by  the 
ancients.  The  descriptions  of  Strabo  and  Diodorus  Sicu- 
lus  are  stUl  applicable  to  its  present  state.  Diodorus  tells 
us  that  entire  armies  have  perished  through  ignorance  of 
this  marsh,  which  the  wind  sometimes  covers  with  sand 
that  conceals  its  dangers  ;  this  does  not  immediately  give 
way  beneath  the  feet,  but  sinks  by  degrees,  as  if  to  betray 
travellers,  who  continue  to  advance,  until  discovering 
their  error,  they  endeavour  in  vain  to  assist  one  another, 
their  efforts  contributing  only  to  their  destruction  ;  their 
struggles  only  plunge  them  deeper  and  deeper,  tmtU  they 
are  finally  overwhelmed." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  any  further  ac- 
count of  this  lake,  or  say  where  any  one  can  he 
obtained  ?  An  Old  Stjbscbibeb. 

[In  the  article  "  Sirbonis  Lacus  "  in  Smith's  Dictionary 
of  Greek  and  Roman  Geography  our  correspondent  will 
find  numerous  references  to  classical  writers  who  speak  of — 
"  That  Serbonian  bog 
Betwixt  Damiata  and  Mount  Casius  old, 
Where  armies  whole  have  sunk." 

The  limits  of  the  Serbonian  bog  have  been  much  con- 
tracted in  later  ages  by  the  elevation  of  the  sea-borde 
and  the  drifting  of  the  sands,  and  the  lake  is  now  of  in- 
considerable extent.] 

"  Poor  Joe  the  Maeine."  —  Can  you  inform 
me  where  the  words  and  music  of  a  song  much 
simg  in  naval  circles  some  forty  years  ago,  called 
"  PoUy  of  Portsea  and  Joe  the  Marine,"  can  be 
found?  J.  0. 

[The  origin  of  the  pathetic  ballad  of  «  Poor  Joe  the 
Marine"  is  rather  affecting.  The  author  of  it,  John 
Ashley  of  Bath,  being  at  Portsmouth  early  in  this  cen- 
tuiy,  witnessed  the  funeral  of  a  marine,  and  observing  one 
of  the  followers  particvdarly  aflected,  after  the  ceremony 
he  inquired  of  him  the  cause  of  the  death  of  the  marine, 
and  received  the  following  answer  :  "  Poor  Joe,  whom  we 
have  just  put  in  the  grave,  was  going  to  be  mamed  a 
few  weeks  ago  to  a  pretty  girl  in  the  neighbourhood,  but 
on  our  way  to  church,  we  were  hailed  by  our  lieutenant, 
and  instantly  sent  on  board,  as  the  ship  we  belonged  to 


was  ordered  to  sail  at  a  moment's  notice,  in  chace  of  a 
strange  vessel  that  had  been  seen  to  capture  some  mer- 
chantmen at  no  great  distance  from  us.  Off  we  went 
with  a  fair  wind,  and  soon  came  up  with  the  enemy ;  she 
proved  to  be  a  French  ship  of  superior  force.  The  action 
was  close  and  hot,  but  after  three  hours'  fighting  she 
struck  her  colours.  We  towed  her  into  Portsmouth,  and 
when  we  came  to  anchor  poor  Joe  and  many  other 
wounded  marines  and  sailors  were  hoisted  into  a  boat  to 
be  taken  to  the  hospital ;  but  my  brave  comrade  there 
(pointing  to  the  grave)  died  before  he  reached  the  shore. 
The  poor  girl  was  so  much  afi'ected  when  she  heard  his 
fate,  that  it  turned  her  brain,  and  she  died  the  next  day 
ravmg  mad."  The  words  of  the  ballad  are  printed  in 
Trifles  in  Rhyme,  by  John  Ashley.  Bath,  12mo  (1812), 
p.  50,  and  in  The  Universal  Songster,  published  by  Fair- 
bum  in  1825,  vol  i.  p.  199.  The  music  of  it  was 
published  about  1812  by  Walker  of  London  ;  and  again 
arranged  and  partly  composed  bj'  Walter  Rode,  and  pub- 
ished  by  H.  White,  337,  Oxford  Street.] 

**A  SoxTL  ABOVE  BUTTONS,"  —  Whence  comes 
this  much  hackneyed  saying  ?  St.  Swithin. 

[To  the  question  put  by  Fustian,  the  pseudo  tragedy 
writer :  "  Have  you  been  long  upon  the  stage,  Mr.  Dag- 
gerwood  ?  "  that  strolling  player  replied,  "  Fifteen  years 
since  I  first  smelt  the  lamp.  Sir.  My  father  was  an  emi- 
nent button-maker  at  Birmingham  ;  and  meant  to  marry 
metoMiss  Molly  Metre,  daughter  to  the  rich  director  of  the 
coal  works  at  Wolverhampton ;  biit  I  had  a  soul  above 
buttons,  and  abhorred  the  idea  of  a  mercenary  marriage. 
I  panted  for  a  liberal  profession — so  ran  away  from  my 
father,  and  engaged  with  a  travelling  company  of  come- 
dians."— Sylvester  Daggerwood,  a  drama  by  George  Col- 
man  the  Younger,  scene  1.] 

Hymn. — Will  you  kindly  inform  me  upon  what 
authority  the  well-known  hymn  commencing 
"  When  gathering  clouds  "  is  attributed  to  Sir 
Robert  Grant  (Lord  Glenelg),  as  I  have  good 
warrant  for  stating  that  its  six  verses  were  com- 
posed by  my  grandmother,  ]\Irs.  Caird  of  Edin- 
burgh, who  died  in  1831  ? 

S.  WOEDSWOETH  PoOLE,  M.D. 

[This  hjTun  is  printed  among  the  Sacred  Poems,  by 
the  late  Right  Hon.  Sir  Robert  Grant,  Loud.  1839,  Svo,. 
edited  by  his  brother.  Lord  Glenelg.  His  Lordship  states, 
"  Of  those  poems  which  are  already  known  to  the  world,^ 
copies  have  been  multiplied ;  but  they  varj^  so  much  from 
the  originals  as  well  as  from  each  other,  that  it  becomes 
necessaiy  to  present  to  the  public  a  more  correct  and  au- 
thentic version,"] 

Peepettjances. — What  are  perpetuances,  which 
I  see  named  as  an  article  of  trade  in  a  merchant's 
account-book,  1638  and  thereabouts?  The  book 
is  written  in  French.  Qtjercubtjs. 

[Perpetuana  is  a  kind  of  glossy  cloth,  better  known  as 
everhsting.  In  Sir  E.  Dering's  Account-Book  is  the  fol- 
lowing entiy  :  "  Sept.  2,  1648.  It.  Paid  the  upholsterer 
for  a  counterpayne  to  the  ye^Xoyf  perpetuana  bed,  Zl.  10s.] 


3'dS.XL  May  4, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


357 


Witpliti. 

ST.  MICHAEL'S  MOUNT,  COENWALL. 
(3'0  S.  xi.  215.) 

The  earliest  authority  for  tHe  British,  name  of 
this  well-known  spot — 

"  Who  knows  not  Myghels  Mount  and  Chaire  ? 
The  pilgrimes  holy  vaimte, 
Both  land  and  island  twice  a  day, 
Both  fort  and  port  of  hauate  ?  " — 

is  Carew,  Swvey,  foL  154,  origiaal  edition,  1602 ; 
where  he  gives  it  "  Cara  Coxuz  in  Cloioze,  that  is, 
the  hoare  rocke  in  the  wood."  Here  the  rendering 
agrees  with  the  English  name  given  by  William 
of  Worcester,  who  speaks  of  the  "  Apparicio  S. 
Michaelis  in  monte  Tumba,  antea  vocato  le  Hore- 
rok  in  the  wodd."  (Davies  Gilbert,  iv.  232.)  Else- 
where W.  W.  calls  it  Mons  Michaelis  and  J^lount 
MygheU  and  Mychell.  Camden  (Gibson,  p.  6,) 
tells  us  the  old  name  was  Dinsol,  but  that  it  was 
*' called  by  the  inhabitants  Careg  Cowse,  i.  e.  a 
hoary  rock,*  and  in  Saxon  OOychel-fCop,  i.  e. 
IVIichael's-place."  Norden,t  who  was  contem- 
porary with  Carew  and  Camden,  seems  to  have 
copied  the  latter,  only  mistaking  the  last  Saxon 
letter,  a  w,  for  an  ?•.  He  makes  it  "in  the 
Comishe  language  Careg  Cowse,  the  graye  rock, 
and  in  the  Saxon  toimge  Milchelstor,J  Michaels 
hill  or  mount." 

Hals,  as  printed  in  Davies  Gilbert,  (vol.  ii.  p. 
172),  makes  Carew  give  the  name  "  Cara  cowz  in 
clouz ;"  and  to  interpret  this,  "  the  grey  rock  in 
the  flood."  (Qy.  Is  this  one  of  the  numerous 
typographical  errors  found  in  D.  G.  ?)  Hals  then 
says,  ''  This  is  a  corruption  of  Carra  do  gris  en  an 
COOS;  1.  e.,  rock-clo-grey  in  the  wood;"  clo-gris, 
according  to  him,  meaning  "  the  grey  clo  "  (a  sort 
of  hard  stone  between  a  moor  stone  and  a  marble. 
Borlase,  Vocab.,  2  ed.  p.  424.)  I  will  say  no  more 
about  this,  as  Hals's  authority  on  old  Cornish 
goes  for  nothing ;  and,  as  likely  as  not,  he  wrote 
"  flood' '  {supra),  though  how  he  could  get  a  "  flood" 
out  "of  clouz  I  do  not  see.  Whitaker,  annotating 
Hals,  and  quoting  from  Borlase's  Scilly,  p.  94,  says 
"  the  real  name  was  Carreg  luz  en  kuz,  a  hoary 
rock  in  a  wood."  (Davies  GUbert,  ii.  201.)  But 
in  the  Appendix  to  Polwhele's  History  of  Corn- 
zvall,  p.  16,  Whitaker,  after  quoting  Carew,  is 
made  to  say,  "  the  real  name  is  Carreg  lug  m  Kug, 
a  hoary  rock  in  a  wood,"  still  referring  to  Borlase's 
Scillij ;  and  though  this  variation  is  plainly  a  typo- 
graphical error,  the  printer  mistaking  the  two  zeds, 
(made  in  the  MS.  to  come  below  the  line)  for  g^s, 
this  has  been  again  and  again  given  by  persons 


*  This  should  be  the  Avood  rock  or  rock  in  or  near  a 
wood.  He  has  omitted  louz  or  luz,  hoary.  In  the  abridged 
edition,  1701,  vol.  i.  p.  86,  it  is  rendered  The  hollow  rock  ! 

t  Specnli  Britannia  Pars.  (Printed  1728,  p.  38.) 

%  Plainly  a  misprint  for  Mitchelstor. 


who  do  not  themselves  know  the  old  language 
and  are  obliged  to  take  on  credit  what  others  say, 
and  have  not  the  opportunity  of  referring  to 
Borlase's  Scilly  as  the  genuine  old  reading.  This 
typographical  error  has  been  avoided,  in  one  in- 
stance, in  the  following  quotation  from  Dr.  Pryce's 
MSS.  on  S.  Michael's  Mount : — 

"  The  Cornish  inhabitants  (remarkable  for  naming 
places  from  their  most  striking  and  natural  properties) 
antiently  called  it  Karak-luz-en-Kug,  i.  e.,  the  grey  or 
hoary  rock  in  the  wood.  The  wood  is  gone,  but  the  re- 
mains of  the  trees  sometimes  found  buried  under  the  sands 
between  the  Mount  and  Penzance  confirm  the  propriety 
of  this  name." — (Polwhele,  ii.  125,  note.) 

Polwhele  also  quotes,  on  the  same  page,  from 
Scawen's  MS.,  his  version  of  "  the  Cornish  appella- 
tion Cam  coose  an  dowse,"  which  "  he  Englishes 
as  the  rock  hid  in  the  wood ; "  apparently  taking 
Carew's  Cara  to  equal  Cam  ("n"  is  frequently 
di-opped  when  cam  enters  into  the  composition  of 
a  name,  and  "a"  is  as  frequently  added  between 
compounds),  an  to  be  the  article,  and  doivse  to 
equal  celys,  "hidden  ;"  if  so,  the  literal  rendering, 
according  to  Scawen,  would  be  "  the  concealed 
rock  in  the  wood,"  or  "  the  hidden  wood  rock," 
which  it  could  scarcely  be  called,  as  it  is  and  must 
ever  have  been,  like  Cambre  and  many  other  earns, 
very  conspicuous. 

Sir  Christopher  Hawkins  {Tin  Trade  of  the 
Ancients,  p.  73)  makes  Camden  say  that  the  old 
name  was  Careg  Cowse  in  Cloiose,  which,  as  well 
as  Carew's  version,  he  says  "maybe  interpreted 
the  grey  stone,  or  grey  stone  building,  on  the 
rock."  I  do  not  see  how  he  is  justified  in  bringing 
in  building  (though  Car  does  equal  Caei;  a 
castle,  as  well  as  Cam,  a  rock,  in  compound 
names).  Sir  C.  Hawkins  would  also  render  Bor- 
lase's Karreg  Luz  en  Kuz  "  the  grey  rock  in  or 
near  the  wood,"  and  adds,  "  if  the  bottom  of  the 
bay  was,  as  it  is  said  to  have  been,  originally 
covered  with  wood,  the  Mount  would  appear  as 
surrounded  with  wood." 

To  get  at  the  correct  reading  of  this  name,  we 
must  take  the  oldest  version,  i.  e.  Carew's.  We 
must  remember  that  though  a  Cornishman,  living 
when  the  Cornish  language  was  spoken,  and 
writing  possibly  at  Pensignance,  not  more  than 
two  miles  from  the  place  where  I  am  writing,  it 
is  generally  acknowledged  that  he  had  but  an  im- 
perfect knowledge  of  the  old  tongue,  and  would 
write  it  phonetically,  as  nearly  as  possible,  ac- 
cording to  the  vulgar  pronunciation ;  for  had  he 
asked  how  the  name  was  spelt,  he  would  probably 
have  been  told,  and  with  truth,  it  never  was  spelt : 
an  answer  that  was  actually  given  to  this  question 
in  the  Peak  of  Derbyshire,  by  a  guide  pointing 
out  and  naming  various  objects ;  naming  them,  as 
he  said,  "  as  uz  calls  'em."  The  name,  as  Carew 
heard  it,  would  be  run  into  one  word,  that  is 
Caraeouzindouze,  or  possibly  Caradouzincouze,  the 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[3'dS.XI.  May4,'67. 


"  1 "  having  been  put  in  the  wrong  place  by  the 
printer,  and  this  error  having  been  overlooked  by 
Carew.  If  we  take  this  view,  the  meaning  is 
plainly  the  one  given  by  him  and  by  William  of 
Worcester  before  him.  Carac,  careg,  is  rock,  and 
louz,  luz,  is  grey.  Greyrock  is  a  common  enough 
name  here  both  in  the  old  vernacular  and  its 
English  rendering.  We  have  Carn  Greyrock  (a 
reduplication),  near  S.  Austell ;  Caraclouse,  in  S. 
Merrin ;  Carac  Clewse,  in  Veryan,  &c.  The 
name  of  this  latter  place  is  taken  from  the  Ord- 
nance map,  a  not  very  trustworthy  source  gene- 
rally, but  very  useful  in  this  case,  as  the  persons 
employed  did,  as  I  have  supposed  Carew  to  have 
done,  put  down  the  names  just  as  they  heard 
them,  and  then  divided  them  as  well  as  they 
could,  and  in  this  case  through  ignorance  of  the 
meaning  of  the  name  altogether,  or  not  knowing 
that  "luz"  meant  grey,  dividing  Caracleuse  as 
they  caught  it,  added  a  "c"  to  the  last  element 
of  the  word,  just  as  Carew  or  his  printer  dropped 
it  from  the  first,  writing  Cara  instead  of  Carac,  as 
the  following  word  began  with  a  "  c,"  *  and,  as  I 
say,  the  two  were  probably  run  together.  The 
remainder  of  the  name  as  amended  is  easy  enough, 
Couze=cus,  a  wood ;  and  in,  en,\s.  the  preposition, 
or  we  may  say  in,  en,  an  is  the  article  or  the  sign 
of  the  genitive  case ;  so  thus  we  get  "the  grey 
rock,  in,  near,  or  of,  the  wood."  It  should  be  re- 
marked that  "in"  is  printed  in  Carew  in  differ- 
ent characters  from  the  other  words.  This  may 
be  to  mark  the  division  into  distinct  words  of  Cara- 
clouz  in  Cowze. 

I  do  not  know  that  Mr.  Pengelly  has  any  autho- 
rity for  supposing  that  Caraclouzincouze  was  the 
name  of  the  island  prior  to  the  introduction  of 
Christianity.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe 
that  Dinsol,^  the  hiU  consecrated  to  the  sun,  was 
its  pre-Christian  designation.  Its  first  Christian 
name  was  taken  from  S.  Michael,  to  whom  it  was 
consecrated,  that  the  sanctity  it  already  had  as  a 
heathen  place  of  worship  might  be  a  furtherance 
rather  than  a  hindrance  to  Christianity.  The 
vulgar  name  Carraclouze  in  Couz,  which  of  course 
may  be  a  popular  corruption  of  something  else, 
may  have  given  rise  to  the  legend  of  submerged 
Lyonesse ;  just  as  the  Penny  come  quick  story  was 
invented  to  account  for  the  name  Pen  y  Cwtn  gtvic. 
Or,  if  we  suppose  that  the  legend  gave  rise  to  the 
name,  and  that  the  legend  was  invented  to  account 
for  the  discovery  of  the  submerged  forest  on  the 
shores  of  Mount's  Bay,  we  can  parallel  this  with 


*  Or  if,  as  I  have  supposed,  Cous  and  Chuse  have 
changed  places,  the  C  in  the  latter  -word  should  be  added 
to  Cara,  thus  making  Carac-louze.  Taking  this  into 
consideration,  I  am  satisfied  that  Carac  louz  in  couze  is 
the  correct  reading,  agreeing  with  Borlase's  Carreg  Luz 
en  Kuz. 

t  Some  take  Dins  as  equal  dinas,  a  fortification  ;  if  so, 
I  should  make  the  termination  -ol  =  ulial,  lofty  ;  Trewhal 
is  loftj'  dwelling. 


the  legends  of  S.  Hilda,  at  Whitby,  and  S.  Keyna, 
at  Keynsham,  turning  snakes  into  stones  to  ac- 
count for  the  existence  of  ammonites  in  those 
places. 

In  conclusion,  I  should  like  to  ask  Mr.  Pengelly 
if  he  was  correctly  reported  in  the  newspapers^ 
which  made  him  say  at  the  Birmingham  Con- 
gress that  "  20,000  years  ago  Cornwall  was  inha- 
bited by  a  Cornish-speaking  people." 

John  Bannister. 

Saint  Day,  Scorrier,  Cornwall. 

Mr.  Pengelly  will  find  a  great  deal  of  informa- 
tion about  this  subject  in  a  paper  by  the  Rev. 
Edmund  Kell,  published  in  the  last  number  of 
the  Journal  of  the  British  Archceological  Associa- 
tion, Dec.  31,  1866,  p.  351. 

Geoege  Veke  Irving. 


ALPHABETS  IN  THE  CONSECRATION  OF 

CHURCHES. 

(3^1  S.  xi.  323.) 

Whether  W.  H.  S.  is  fully  borne  out  in  his 
inference  of  the  symbolical  signification  of  the 
letters  of  the  alphabet  upon  church  bells,  from 
the  symbolism  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  alphabets 
inscribed  on  the  pavement  at  the  consecration  of 
a  church,  I  think  doubtful;  but  my  present  object 
is  to  oSer  a  few  notes  upon  the  latter  usage.  It 
was  not  only  part  of  the  "  ancient  ceremonial,"  but 
it  continues  in  use  in  the  modem  ceremonial  of 
consecrating  churches,  wherever  the  Roman 
pontifical  is  used,  in  all  parts  of  the  Christian 
world.  Ashes  are  spread  upon  the  pavement  in 
the  form  of  a  cross,  in  two  lines,  each  of  about  a 
hand's  breadth;  one  extending  from  the  north- 
west corner  to  the  south-east,  and  the  other 
from  the  south-west  comer  to  the  north-east, 
as  churches  usually  stand  ;  but,  in  every  case,  the 
first  beginning  at  the  left-hand  corner  as  the 
church  is  entered  from  the  great  door,  and  the 
other  from  the  opposite  right-hand  corner.  These 
lines  of  ashes  of  course  cross  each  other  in  the 
middle,  and  form  a  St.  Andrew's  cross.  At  one 
part  of  the  ceremonial  the  following  antiphon  is 
chanted :  — 

"  0  quam  metuendus  est  locus  iste  :  vere  non  est  hie 
aliud,  nisi  domus  Dei,  et  porta  coeli." 

The  canticle  Benedictus  follows,  with  the  above 
antiphon  repeated  after  every  verse ;  and  while 
this  is  chanting,  the  consecrating  bishop  forms 
with  the  end  of  his  crozier,  first  the  letters  of  the 
Greek  alphabet,  beginning  at  the  left-hand  corner 
of  the  pavement,  and  then  those  of  the  Latin, 
beginning  from  the  right-hand  corner,  and  so  dis- 
posing them  that  they  fill  up  the  entire  space  to 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  floor  of  the  church. 
After  this  he  proceeds  to  consecrate  the  high 
altar. 


3'dS.XI.  May  4, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


359 


In  tlie  Sarum,  Exeter,  and  otlier  English  ponti- 
ficals, the  bishop  inscribed  the  Greek  alphabet 
from  the  north-east  corner  to  the  south-west,  and 
the  Latin  from  the  south-east  corner  to  the  north- 
west, and  upon  sand,  not  ashes;  and  recited  a 
prayer  at  the  end  of  the  ceremony,  standing  in  the 
middle  between  the  two  alphabets  at  the  west  end 
of  the  church,  in  which  occurs  the  following  peti- 
tion :  — 

"  Exaudi  vota  orantium  super  hoc  pa\Tmentum,  in  quo, 
ad  instrumentum  fidei  illorum,  divinarum  characteres 
literarum  a  duobis  angulis  hujus  domus  usque  in  alios 
duos  depiirsimus  aagulos,  et  verba  legis  tuje  in  tabulis 
cordium  eorum  misericordiaj  tuse  digito  ascribe  :  prtesta 
quoque  ut  quidquid  ex  ore  humilitatis  nostra  faciendum 
didicerint,  hoc  facere  cupiant,  sicque  vivant  ut  illuc  per- 
venire  valeant,  ubi  nomina  sua  in  libro  vitae  seternse 
scripta  esse  gratulentur,  &c." 

The  mystical  signification  of  the  ceremony  is 
here  sufiiciently  indicated.  It  is  of  very  high  an- 
tiquity, for  St.  Gregory  mentions  it  in  his  Sacra- 
mentary :  — 

"  Deinde  incipiat  pontifex  de  sinistro  angulo  ab  oriente 
scribens  per  pavimentum,  cum  cambretta  sua,  a.b.c. 
usque  ad  dextrum  angulum  occidentis ;  incipiens  iterum 
similiter  a  dextro  angulo  orientis,  a.b.c.  scribit  usque  in 
sinistrum  angulum  occidentis  Basilica;." 

Maskell,  in  his  Monummta  Ritualia  (vol.  i.  p. 
173  and  174)  quotes  this,  and  also  the  explanation 
given  of  the  ceremony  by  Remigius  of  Auxerre, 
in  the  ninth  century,  in  his  treatise  on  the  Divine 
offices,  which  he  states  to  have  been  followed  by 
Ivo  and  Durandus.  The  latter  gives  a  long  ex- 
planation in  the  sixth  chapter  of  his  Symbolisin, 
I^os.  20  to  24.  „  F.  C.  H. 

The  last  paragraph  of  the  article  of  W.  H.  S. 
might  lead  to  the  supposition  that  the  "  ancient 
ceremonial  observed  in  the  dedication  of  churches  " 
had  been  since  altered  in  relation  to  the  inscrip- 
tion of  the  alphabet.  It  also  reads  as  if  only  one 
alphabet  was  inscribed.  A  reference  to  any  pon- 
tifical will  show  that  the  rite  is  unchanged.  It  is 
in  use  in  every  part  of  the  world  at  present.  I 
beg  to  give  the  rubric : — 

"  Interim,  dum  prsemissa  cantantur,  Pontifex,  acceptis 
mitrd  et  baculo  pastorali,  incipiens  ab  angulo  Ecclesise,  ad 
sinistram  intrantis,  prout  supra  linese  factfe  sunt,  cum  ex- 
tremitate  baculi  pastoralis  scribit  super  cineres  alphabetum 
Greecum,  ita  distinctis  Uteris  ut  totum  spatium  occupent, 
his  videlicet. 

"  Deinde  simili  modo  incipiens  ab  angulo  Ecclesiaa  ad 
dexteram  intrantis,  scribit  alphahetum  Latinum,  super 
cineres,  distinctis  Uteris,  his  videlicet." 

Then  follows  a  diagram  of  the  lines  and  alpha- 
bets— "  his  videlicet."  The  two  alphabets  inter- 
sect each  other,  and  make  the  figure  of  a  long  St. 
Andrew's  cross.  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 


POEM  BY  MAURICE  O'CONNELL. 
(3'd  S.  xi.  214.) 
I  have  been  familiar  for  many  years  with  the 
poem  of  which  J.  N.  of  Melbourne  cites  a  verse. 
It  was  published  by  W.  Maher  of  Birmingham 
on  a  broad-sheet,  and  of  this  I  possess  a  copy.  I 
have  applied  to  him,  but  find  that  it  is  no  longer 
in  print.  This  circumstance,  together  with  the 
intrinsic  merit  and  curiosity  of  the  piece,  and  the 
fact  that  it  has  never  (so  far  as  I  can  ascertain 
from  Mr,  Maher)  been  published  elsewhere,  lead 
me  to  believe  that  our  obliging  Editor  will  not 
refuse  to  his  distant  correspondent  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  the  entire  piece  preserved  in  these  columns. 
The  sheet  is  headed  with  the  ensuing  state- 
ment :  — 

"  The  following  verses  were  spoken  at  St.  Mary's  Col- 
lege, Oscott,  in  Midsummer,  1836,  by  the  author,  Mk. 
Maukice  O'Connell  (nephew  to  Daniel  O'Connell,  Esq. 
M.P.)  a  youth  14  years  of  age,  since  carried  off  by  a  pre- 
mature death :  — 

"on  max. 
"  I  saw  him  in  his  glory, 
Bewildered  in  his  bliss, 
And  every  joy  that  earth  could  give, 

And  every  smile  was  his. 
Mirth  spread  its  wings  on  the  balmy  gale, 
And  laughter  stifled  the  voice  of  wail. 
But  his  heart  still  yearned  for  something  more — 
For  a  fairer  land,  for  a  happier  shore :  — 

Man  was  not  made  for  this. 
"  I  saw  him  in  the  battle  — 

His  hand  was  black  with  gore, 
And  his  eye  flashed  fire  as  the  bickering  steel 

Each  beating  bosom  tore  ; 
And  in  scenes  of  slaughter  he  revelled  wild. 
Like  the  frantic  mother  that's  lost  her  child  ; 
But  that  demon  scowl,  and  that  Bacchanal  rage 
Bring  not  a  glow  to  the  breast  of  the  sage  :  — 
Man  was  not  made  for  this. 
"  I  saw  hun  court  ambition — 
I  saw  him  mount  her  car. 
And  blast  the  earth  with  his  noxious  breath, 

A  solitary  star. 
And  o'er  vanquish'd  worlds  he  soared  supreme, 
Like  the  eagle  that  dares  the  day-star's  beam  ; 
But  a  mighty  void  still  craved  in  his  breast. 
And  wild  dreams  stole  on  nightly  rest :  — 

Man  was  not  made  for  this. 
"  I  saw  him  scan  the  heavens, 

And  pierce  through  nature's  laws. 
And  read  the  secrets  of  the  deep, 

And  tell  each  hidden  cause ; 
But  his  spirit  beat  'gainst  its  mortal  cage. 
As  eager  to  scan  an  ampler  page ; 
And  the  brightness  of  each  diadem  star 
Only  told  of  a  something  lovelier  far  :  — 

Man  was  not  made  for  this. 
"  I  saw  him  at  the  altar, 
In  sadness  and  alone. 
And  his  bosom  heaved,  and  his  lips  were  moved 

In  humble  orison. 
And  the  thought  of  his  frailties  woke  a  sigh. 
And  the  tear  of  repentance  stole  to  his  eye, 
And  he  bowed  him  down  to  the  lowly  sod, 
To  ask  forgiveness  of  his  God  :  — 

Oh  I  man  was  made  for  this. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  May  4,  '67. 


I  saw  him  on  his  death-bed — 

No  frantic  fear  was  there ; 
But  seraph-hope  was  throned  in  his  breast, 

As  he  muttered  a  last  fond  prayer. 
A  crucifix  was  in  his  hand — 
Kedeeming  pledge  of  a  brighter  land ; 
To  clasp  his  dying  Saviour  he  tried, 
And  in  that  effort  of  love  he  died  ■.'- 

Oh !  man  was  made  for  this. 

William  Bates. 
Binningham. 


"BUTTERMILK." 
(3"i  S.  xi.  20.) 
LOTJISA  leaves  to  tlie  gentlemen  readers  of 
<'N.  &  Q."  the  question  raised  by  D,  E.  _F., 
touching  the  etymology  of  Buttermilk.  Finding 
that  the  subject  has  given  rise  to  comment,  she 
begs  to  offer  one  or  two  more  instances  pf  simi- 
larity in  the  languages  as  seen  by_  her  since  her 
last  commimication,  during  a  visit  to  Malines. 
This  fine  old  town  is  far  more  imsophisticated 
than  Brussels,  and  retains  without  mauvaise  hotite 
its  Flemish  street  nomenclature.  Rue  de  I'Ecole, 
School  Straet ;  Rue  Jour  el  Nuit,  Dag  en  Nacht 
Straet;  Rue  du  Cygne,  Schwan  Straet  j  Vieuse 
Bruel,  Ouden  Bruel,  are  some  of  the  principal 
streets  and  highways.  To  these  may  be  added 
the  titles  on  shops,  gathered  at  a  hasty  glance, 
such  as  "  Goud  en  Zilver  Smit,"  over  a  gold  and 
silversmith's  establishment ;  and  ''Fabrick  Tabak 
en  Snuyf,"  over  a  tobacconist's. 

To  those  of  your  readers  who  travel,  I  beg  to 
recommetid  Malines  as  one  of  the  finest  and 
cleanest  of  Belgian  towns.  To  the  humorist,  as 
well  as  to  the  lovers  of  the  picturesque  and 
antique,  this  place  on  a  fair  day  (Saturday)  is  a 
fund  of  interest.  To  the  former,  the  market-place, 
with  its  quaint  characters,  costumes,  wares  and 
customs ;  high  above  which,  mingling  with  dis- 
cordant bauds  and  the  shouts  of  barter,  ring  the 
beUs  of  St.  Rombaul,  chiming  every  quarter  of  an 
bour  that  most  risque  of  airs  for  a  cathedral  peal, 
"  H  Bacio ;"  and  to  the  two  latter,  the  cathedral 
itself,  from  whose  bell  tower,  348  feet  high,  the 
profane  carillon  descends,  and  in  which  is  a  Cru- 
cifixion by  Vandyck ;  Noti-e  Dame  de  Ilanswyk, 
the  shrine  of  a  miraculous  image  of  our  Lady  that 
in  the  ninth  century  floated  up  the  river  Dyle, 
and  stopping  deliberately  at  a  certain  spot,  was 
taken  up  by  the  pious  inhabitants  and  placed  in 
the  church  that  stiU  overhangs  the  river  and  bears 
her  name ;  the  ancient  Museum,  to  which  there 
is  no  catalogue,  and  iu  which  there  are  the  most 
admirable  and  interesting  portraits — a  pathetic 
Crucifixion  by  Rubens,  large  national  pictures  of 
great  historical  value,  and  some  of  the  quaintest 
imaginable  specimens  of  Flemish  humour  and 
patience  ever  designed  or  painted ;  all  will  be  of 
interest,  and  of  that  interest,  from  the  quiet  cheer- 


fulness of  the  place,  that  subdues  without  sad- 
dening. The  river  winding  through  the  town 
furnishes  many  an  exquisite  bit  for  the  water 
colourist ;  and  the  old  curiosity  shops  of  the  town 
abound  in  rich  carving,  in  tapestries,  and  ivory 
and  iron  work,  most  of  it  doubtless  the  debris 
of  the  revolution's  devastating  work.  For  the 
rare  and  beautiful  church  fittings  and  furniture 
that  once  adorned  St.  Rombaul,  Noti-e  Dame  de 
Hanswyk,  St.  Jean,  their  tapestries,  lace,  stained 
windows,  metal  gates,  minor  altars,  and  jewelled 
shrines,  we  must  look  to  private  collections  and 
pubhc  museums,  notably  perhaps  to  the  South 
Kensington. 

Seeing  a  note  upon  Ste.  Barbe  (S'*  S.  x. 
245-291),  I  may  add  that  in  Malines  her  chapels 
aboimd.  She  is  the  patroness  of  the  blind  and  of 
the  Viaticum,  hence  perhaps  her  representation 
(which  I  have  seen)  in  the  Journal  Illustre.  She 
is  always  represented  with  a  tower — in  her  hand,  if 
a  statue ;  in  the  backgroimd,  if  a  picture.  Can  this 
accessory  have  any  connection  with  the  chapel, 
reception-room,  bakehouse,  or  powder  magazine 
mentioned  by  A.  A.  ?  Lottisa. 

Brussels. 


PROVERBS. 
(3'*  S.  xi.  331.) 

1.  As  right  as  a  trivet.  This  appears  to  refer  to 
the  fact  that  a  trivet,  or  any  other  utensil  with  tht-ee 
legs  or  points  of  support,  will  invariably  stand 
firm,  although  these  may  not  be  exactly  of  the  same 
length  or  height.  Th%case  is,  however,  difi"erent 
with  a  four-legged  stool.  There  a  considerable 
amount  of  skill  and  accuracy  is  required  to  insure 
it  resting  on  all  four  legs  at  once.  I  remember 
hearing  a  carpenter,  who  had  succeeded  in  doing 
this,  make  the  observation :  "  There  it  is  as  firm 
as  a  trivet." 

2.  As  clean  as  a  whistle.  This  presents  more 
difiiculty.  It  is  true  enough,  as  every  sportsman 
must  have  had  occasion  to  observe,  that  if  any 
flue,  or  other  extraneous  matter,  gets  into  the 
narrow  mouthpiece,  the  instrument  becomes  dumb. 
There  is,  therefore,  a  necessity  for  keeping  it 
clean.  But  to  this  there  is  the  obvious  objection 
that  the  proverb  applies  to  the  act  of  cutting : 
"  He  cut  it  through  as  clean  as  a  whistle." 

The  following  explanation  has  been  suggested. 
If  a  strong  and  rapid  cut  is  made  with  a  sword,  it 
will  produce  a  whistling  noise.  I  remember  when 
practising  the  sword-exercise  with  one  of  the 
best,  if  not  the  best,  sabreur  in  the  British  army, 
his  saying  to  me,  "Let  me  hear  your  blade 
whistle."  A  "clean  cut"  is  also  a  common  ex- 
pression. In  fact,  no  cut  will  make  the  sword 
whistle,  unless  it  be,  to  use  the  technical  phrase, 
cleanly  and  strongly  delivered.    With  a  little  eli- 


3»d  S.  XI.  May;4  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


361 


sion,  you  might  get  from  this  tlie  plu-ase :  "  To 
cut  as  clean  as  a  whistle." 

In  reference  to  cutting  or  severing,  you  have 
also  the  Scotch  expression :  "  He  took  it  off  as 
clean  as  I  would  the  head  of  a  syhie," — i.  e.  a 
yoimg  onion.  Geokge  Vere  Ieving. 

As  rif/ht  as  a  trivet :  As  clean  as  a  whistle. — 
In  Pembrokeshire,  a  triangular  iron  frame  with 
three  feet — two  of  which  rest  on  the  front  of  the 
grate,  and  the  third  on  the  back — is  used  in 
kitchens  to  support  the  large  iron  pot  so  con- 
stantly seen  in  Welsh  houses.  This  is  called  a 
trivet ;  and  if  not  right,  i.  e.  level,  the  pot  topples 
over,  A  small  three-legged  stool  is  called  a 
triiipet,  in  the  Pembrokeshire  vernacular — the 
two  words  being  evidently  a  corruption  of  tripod. 
Should  any  dirt  or  foreign  matter  get  into  a 
whistle,  it  will  not  sound :  therefore,  "  As  clean 
as  a  whistle,"  must  signify  thoroughly  clean. 

John  Pavin  Phillips. 

Haverfordwest. 


These  are  excellent  examples  of  the  way  in 
which  proverbs  rapidly  become  obscure  when 
based  on  something  that  is  a  sort  of  pun  upon 
words.  Thus,  we  use  such  a  word  as  deep  in  two 
senses,  and  we  might  facetiously  call  a  very  astute 
man — as  deep  as  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  which  would 
be  readily  intelligible  at  first,  but  might  easily, 
by  a  slight  alteration,  become  almost  meaningless. 
I  suppose  this  same  sort  of  process  to  •  have  been 
at  work  in  the  case  of  the  two  above  proverbs. 
The  *'  rectitude  of  a  trivet "  consists  in  its  rectan- 
gularity.  If  that  sort  of  trivet  which  is  placed 
upon  the  upper  bar  of  a  grate  is  not  accurately 
made,  the  kettle  that  stands  upon  it  will  not 
stand  even,  but  most  inconveniently  slouch  for- 
ward or  backward.  The  trivet,  to  be  a  good  one, 
must  be  n^A^-angled,  or  made  "  right  and  true." 
In  the  next  proverb  a  further  stage  of  corruption 
of  the  sense  has  been  reached,  the  word  clean 
being  put  for  clear.  No  soimd  is  more  clear  than 
that  of  a  whistle ;  hence  "  as  clear  as  a  whistle  " 
is  good  sense.  But  if  a  man  speaks  of  cutting 
anything  off  with  perfect  smoothness  and  even- 
ness, he  would  say  he  has  cut  it  off  clear  or  sheer, 
or  clean,  with  equal  readiness ;  and  he  would  pro- 
bably add  the  words  "as  a  whistle"  to  one  phrase 
quite  as  soon  as  to  the  other,  without  any  great 
amount  of  reflection  as  to  the  congruity  of  his 
speech.  Just  in  the  same  way,  a  church  is  a  safe 
place  of  sanctuary,  or  may  be  regarded  as  safely 
built,  secure,  and  /«s^ ;  whence  arises  such  a  ques- 
tion and  answer  as  the  following,  which  is  not 
uncommon  : — "  Is  he  fast  asleep  "  ?  "  Aye,  as 
safe  as  a  church."  A  play  upon  coords  necessarily 
leads  to  a  play  upon  phi-ases.  See  note  on  "  as 
dead  as  a  door-nail,"  "N.  &  Q."  3"i  S.  xi.  173. 
Walter  W.  Skeat. 


These  proverbs  I  think  pretty  well  explain 
themselves.  A  trivet  has,  or  is  supposed  to  have, 
three  legs,  and  therefore  will  stand  right  nowever 
uneven  the  surface  it  is  placed  on.  This  is  not  the 
case  with  articles  having  four  legs. 

If  a  whistle  has  but  a  small  substance  in  it,  it 
will  not  sound,  therefore  it  must  be  "clean." 

P.  E.  M. 


ASSEMBLIES  OF  BIKDS. 
(3«>  S.  xi.  220.) 

Although  myself  no  bird  fancier  (inasmuch  as  I 
have  an  antipathy  to  the  enforced  song  of  the 
captive),  the  interesting  remark  of  U.  U.  induce 
me  to  resume  this  subject. 

Bird  councils  are  more  common  in  warm  than 
in  cold  climates,  where,  as  it  were,  club  meetings 
in  some  favourite  tree  are  more  popular  than  the 
domestic  nest.  In  India,  particularly  near  en- 
campments, I  have  listened  with  interest  to  the 
chirping,  whistling,  chatter  and  flutter,  of  per- 
haps three  or  four  hundred  small  birds,  in  some 
tree  hard  by,  until  darkness  suggested  silence  to 
the  noisy  choristers.  In  such  cases,  I  have  been 
inclined  to  suspect  that  these  discussions  are  of 
the  nature  of  closing  the  affairs  of  the  day  by 
reports,  as  in  regiments  at  tattoo,  with  this  dif- 
ference, that  the  feathered  private  evidently  insists 
on  putting  in  his  word  as  well  as  the  orderly  ser- 
geants and  corporals,  and  giving  his  own  accoimt 
of  the  transactions  of  the  past  day. 

In  the  depths  of  lonely  jungles,  such  as  those 
on  the  confines  of  the  Punjaub,  the  Terai  and 
the  Soonderbimds,  birds  of  the  same  species  as 
those  just  described,  become  taciturn  as  they 
retire  from  busier  scenes,  and,  perhaps  for  the 
reason  that  in  such  leafy  solitudes  the  %oeather  is 
almost  the  only  subject  of  bird  discussion.  Par- 
rots are  noisy  everywhere  however,  and  would  dis- 
turb any  wilderness  with  their  impleasant  screams. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  solemn  deli- 
berative councils  of  such  birds  as  crows  and 
storks  are  distinct  from  the  ordinary  '^  vesper " 
or  "retreat"  reports  of  starlings  and  other  small 
birds. 

I  once  occupied  a  bedroom  in  Jamaica,  opposite 
the  window  of  which  grew  a  lofty  tree,  beaded 
with  countless  clusters  of  golden  berries.  This 
was  a  grand  nighthouse  of  refuge,  not  only  for 
vagrant  small  birds,  but  even  for  owls  and  EA.TS. 
These  roughs  of  mid  air,  used  sometimes  to  startle 
me  from  sleep  in  the  dead  of  night,  by  their  mur- 
derous attacks  on  each  other.  How  such  a  republic 
ever  held  together  puzzled  me  much,  for  from  the 
confused  hootiags,  squeaks,  whistling,  &c.,  it 
appeared  that  in  these  midnight  parliaments  or 
orgies,  the  base  rat  was  heard  with  as  much 
respect  as  the  sage  owl ! 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3»«S.XI.  ]VIay4,'67. 


These  indiscriminately  mixed  communities,  like 
those  of  the  human  race  in  this  part  of  the  world, 
seem  to  lead  a  careless  hand  to  mouth  (claw  to 
beak !)  kind  of  life ;  with  a  few  exceptions,  such  as 
the  humming  bird  and  the  butcher  bird,  which 
build  peculiar  artistic  nests.  The  latter,  indeed, 
has  within  an  historical  period,  adopted  a  decided 
improvement  in  the  construction  of  its  nest.  Before 
the  Spanish  discovery,  horses  had  never  been 
known  in  Jamaica,  nor  any  other  animal  with  a 
mane  or  analogous  tail ;  and  yet,  at  the  present 
day,  the  nest  of  this  bird  is  invariably  constructed 
with  horsehair.  Are  bbd  councils  therefore 
assembled,  to  establish  similar  customs  by  legis- 
lative enactments,  the  penalty  of  which  is  dis- 
covered in  those  more  solemn  assemblies  where 
the  disorderly  culprit  receives  the  punishment  of 
his  architectural  or  other  offence  ? 

We  speculate  with  more  difficulty  on  the  ideas  (?) 
of  birds.  They  are  less  of  the  earth  earthy.  Their 
habits  do  not  so  closely  approximate  to  our  own 
as  those  of  quadrupeds.  Their  movements  baffle 
our  imitation.  They  are  lords  of  the  air,  and  seem 
like  links  between  us  and  the  stars — {sic  itur  ad 
astra/)  But  dismissing  the  fanciful,  a  careful 
perusal  of  the  Duke  of  Argyle's  exceedingly 
attractive  paper  on  the  "Flight  of  Birds,"  adds 
greatly  to  the  pleasure  of  speculating  on  what  are 
called  "  common  things  "  by  ordinary  people,  but 
which  are  in  reality,  as  the  noble  duke  shows, 
amongst  the  greatest  marvels  of  creation. 

Sp. 

GlASGOW :    Lan AKKSHIEE  FAMILIES  (3'^  S.  xi. 

42,  339.) — The  communication  of  Aitglo-Scottts 
puts  me  in  mind  of  the  amusing  game  of  "  Jack's 
alive !  "  where  a  figure  is  put  up  for  the  pleasure 
of  knocking  it  down. 

I  may  have  written  loosely,  but  my  statement 
was  that  the  Lanarkshire  names  to  which  I  re- 
ferred were  Norman,  and  I  said  nothing  as  to  the 
date  of  their  introduction  into  the  country.  Had 
AjTGLO-ScoTtrs  turned  to  my  Hidory  of  the  Upper 
Ward,  he  would  have  found  that  I  was  quite 
aware  of  the  date  of  their  first  appearance  in  the 
records ;  nay,  more,  that  in  one  case,  although  the 
present  name  was  Norman,  the  family  had  pre- 
viously an  Anglo-Saxon  one. 

I  totally  deny  that  the  Veres  are  properly 
Wers.  It  is  true  enough  that  my  ancestor  Ko- 
taldus  is  called  Wer,  and  Axglo-Scottjs  might 
have  added  scores  of  instances  in  which  others  of 
the  family  have  their  name  spelt,  even  by  them- 
selves. Weir.  But  that  has  nothing  to  do  vdth 
the  real  question,  which  is  the  correct  form  of  the 
word.  The  Blackwood,  the  Stonebyres,  and, 
lastly,  my  own  branch  of  the  family,  have  all 
gradually  returned  to  what  is  no  doubt  its  original 
form,  Vere,  and  this  has  been  again  and  again 
recognised  by  the  Lyon  Office. 


I  could  show  Anglo-Scotus  a  dozen  of  in- 
stances in  which  my  other  surname  has  been  tam- 
pered with  in  letters  addressed  to  myself.  Irvine 
is  excusable ;  but  what  of  Lrwen  and  Hirwen  ? 
It  recalls  to  my  memory  an  epistle  sent  to  a 
brother  officer  of  my  uncle's,  where  the  address 
had  not  a  single  letter  of  the  real  name.  It  was 
to  Captain  Geekup  (Jacob). 

I  should  occupy  too  much  space  if  I  were  to 
follow  AifGLO-ScoTtrs  into  all  the  points  touched 
upon  in  his  article — such  as  the  myth  of  Wal- 
lace's marriage  with  Marion  Braidfoote,  the  heiress 
of  Lammington — which  are  fully  discussed  in  the 
History  of  the  Upper  Ward. 

As  to  the  feud  which  Axglo-Scotxts  fears  I 
may  raise  between  myself  and  my  friends  and 
neighbours  in  Lanarkshire,  he  may  put  his  mind 
at  ease.  My  statements  were  years  ago  laid  before 
them  privately,  and  they  were  asked  if  their 
charter-chests  supplied  any  contradictory  or  con- 
firmatory evidence  before  a  single  line  was  put  in 
type.  Geoege  Vere  Ikvestg. 

Hannah  Lighxfoot  (3"*  S.  xi.  passiin.) — The 
existence  of  the  "  fair  Quakeress  "  has  for  two  or 
three  generations  been  believed  in  by  members  of 
the  Society  to  which  she  is  said  to  have  belonged, 
and  her  identity  with  the  "Lass  of  Richmond. 
Hill "  commonly  received  by  many  of  them. 

If,  however,  proof  be  needed,  it  can  easily  be 
obtained  by  a  reference  to  the  Society's  Register 
of  Births,  Deaths,  and  Disoicnmetits  kept  at  De- 
vonshire House,  Houndsditch,  London.  Should 
the  fair  Hannah  really  have  existed,  and  been  a 
veritable  Quakeress,  most  surely  her  name  vdU 
appear  under  the  first  and  third  headings.  I  speak 
confidently,  well  knowing  how  accm-ately  all 
these  records  have  been  posted  up,  for  150  years 
back  at  any  rate.  Every  child  of  Quaker  parent- 
age (father  and  mother  both  being  of  the  Society) 
becomes  a  member  by  birth,  and  is  registered 
accordingly,  even  if  by  inadvertence  the  birth  has 
not  been  announced  to  the  public  registrar  of  the 
district.  H.  L.'s  marriage  to  the  Prince  of  W^les 
would  have  involved  her  expulsion,  and  this 
would  be  duly  minuted.  MAXCtrNiEifsis. 

"The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill"  (3"*  S.  xi. 
343.)— 

"  I'd  crowns  resign  to  call  her  mine, 
Sweet  lass  of  Richmond  Hill." 

Is  not  this  derived  from  the  old  French  chan- 
sonette  ?  — 

"  Si  le  roi  m'avoit  doime 

Paris,  sa  grand'  ville, 

Et  qu'il  fallut  me  quiter 

L'amour  de  ma  mie, 
Je  dirais  au  roi  Henri : 
Eeprenez  votre  Paris, 
J'aime  mieux  ma  mie,  6  gai ! 
J'aime  mieux  ma  mie." 

The  idea  is  however  so  obvious,  that  it  might 


3rd  S.  XI.  May  4,  'G7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


363 


easily  occur  to  many  persons  without  any  com- 
munication whatever.  Rusxicus. 

I  have  heard  that  Mr.  Crisp,  in  his  recently  puh- 
lished  book,  Itichmcmd  and  its  Inhahitants  from  the 
Olden  Time,  asserts  that  the  abode  of  the  "  Lass  " 
was  at  Eichmond,  in  Yorkshire,  and  not  in  the 
loveliest  of  the  metropolitan  environs.  Is  this 
statement  correct  ?  OxokiejS'Sis. 

Horsmonden,  co.  Kent. 

Shelley's  "Adonais"  (S'"  S.  xi.  343.)— The 
passages  from  Byron  here  quoted  had  better  have 
been  referred  to  their  proper  site,  in  his  Corre- 
spondence, than  to  the  Quarterly  Revieio.  Nor  did 
he  write  ''  maukin,"  but  "  manikin."  The  truth 
is  that  Byron,  though  he  generally  qiiizzed  Keats 
and  his  poetry,  spoke  (after  his  death)  of  his  genius 
favourably,  and  gave  the  highest  praise  to  Hy- 
perion.  His  wayward  inconsistency  in  speaking 
of  poets,  as  of  Cowper,  Wordsworth,  &c.,  is  well 
known.  References  to  all  the  above  will  easily  be 
found  in  the  Index  to  Moore  s  Life. 

Lyitelton. 

A  few  words  will  convince  Me.  Eobertsojt,  in 
spite  of  his  quotation  from  the  Quarterly  Revieio, 
that  I  spoke  advisedly  when  I  said  that  Lord 
Byron  had  a  great  admiration  for  Keats'  poetry. 
It  is  undoubtedly  true  that  he  saw  no  merit 
whatever  in  Keats'  early  writings  ;  indeed  it 
was  hardly  likely  that  so  staunch  a  disciple 
of  the  Pope  and  Dryden  school  would  be  much 
enamoured  of  a  poem  like  Endymion,  which  was 
written  under  the  influence  of  Spenser,  Fletcher, 
"William  Browne,  and  Milton  in  his  earlier 
works.  Byron's  admiration  for  Hyperion  was, 
however,  unbounded.  In  return  for  Me.  Robeet- 
son's  recommendation,  that  I  should  refer  to  the 
Quarterly  Review  if  I  want  to  see  Byron's  real 
opinion  of  Keats,  I  will  refer  him  to  Lord 
Houghton's  memoir  of  Keats,  prefixed  to 
Messrs.  Moxon's  edition  of  his  (Keats')  poems 
(1854).  At  p.  33  he  will  find  the  following 
words :  — 


"  The  fragment  of  Hyperion,  which  Lord  Byron,  with 
an  exaggeration  akin  to  his  former  depreciation,  declared 
to  '  seem  actually  inspired  hy  the  Titans,  and  as  sublime 
as  ^schylus.'  " 

_  I  do  not  Imow  on  what  occasion  Byron  recorded 
his  admiration  of  Hijperion  in  such  unqualified 
terms,  but  that  he  really  used  the  above  expres- 
sion I  have  not  the  slightest  doubt,  as  it  is  also 
quoted  by  Chambers  in  the  Cyclopadia  of  Enylish 
Literature.  As  Keats  vrrote  Endymion  under  the 
influence  of  the  Elizabethan  poets,  so  he  wrote 
Hyperion  under  the  influence  of  Milton's  sublime 
epic;  which  sufficiently  accounts  for  Byron's 
remark,  that  it  seemed  "'inspired  by  the  Titans." 
Milton  was  always  one  of  Byron's  favourite  poets ; 
it  is  therefore  likely  enough  that  he  would  be 


pleased  with  a  poem  written  to  some  extent  in 
Milton's  manner.  With  Spenser  and  his  school, 
however,  Lord  Byron  (whose  judgment  in  poetical 
criticism  was  far  from  perfect)  had  little  or  no 
sympathy.  It  is  rather  strange  that  a  highly 
imaginative  poet,  as  the  author  of  Childe  Harold 
and  Mazeppa  undoubtedly  was,  should  not  have 
felt  a  deep  admiration  for  Spenser,  whose  poetry 
is  the  most  purely  imaginative  that  was  ever 
written.  But  that  he  did  not  care  for  Spenser  is 
asserted  by  Leigh  Hunt  (a  staunch  Spenserian) 
somewhere  in  his  works.  Byron  must  have  ad- 
mired Spenser's  stanza,  or  he  would  hardly  have 
selected  it  for  so  important  and  elaborate  a  poem 
as  his  Childe  Harold.  I  hope  this  letter  will 
convince  Me.  Roeeetsojt  that  I  have  not  been 
so  presumptuous  as  to  write  to  "  N.  &  Q."  about 
matters  that  I  do  not  imderstand. 

Jonathan  Boitchiee. 
5,  Selivood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 

BoxTLE  or  Hay  (S'-^  S.  xi.  177.)— A  bottle  of 
hay  was  very  commonly  used  in  Derbyshire  in 
my  younger  days,  and  probably  is  so  still,  to 
denote  a  bundle  of  hay,  which  was  taken  from  a 
rick  to  fodder  cattle  in  a  field.  The  practice  was 
to  begin  at  the  top  of  a  rick,  and  make  a  cutting 
three  or  four  feet  square  with  a  cutting  knife,  the 
blade  of  which  might  be  two  feet  long.  The 
piece  of  hay  cut  out  at  one  cutting  might  be 
about  two  feet  thick,  and  was  called  a  kerf.  This 
was  tied  round  with  a  rope,  and  carried,  by  means 
of  a  fork  over  the  labourer's  shoulder,  to  the  field 
where  the  cattle  were.  When  it  was  difficult  to 
find  anything  that  had  been  lost,  the  lower  orders 
were  wont  to  say,  "  you  may  as  well  hunt  for  it 
as  for  a  needle  in  a  bottle  of  hay."  I  have  an 
impression,  but  too  doubtful  to  allow  me  to  speak 
positively,  that  sometimes  the  rope  which  was 
used  had  a  piece  of  wood  with  an  eye  in  it  at  one 
end,  through  which  the  rope  was  passed  to  tie  up 
the  bundle,  and  a  sharp  point  at  the  other  end, 
and  that  this  piece  of  wood  was  called  a  needle. 
If  this  were  so,  a  needle  of  this  kind  may  have 
been  referred  to  in  the  proverbial  saying. 

C.  S.  G. 

Colonel  Hoeton  oe  HotrGHTON  (3''''  S.  xi. 
153.)  —  Perhaps  the  following  may  assist  Me. 
Mills  in  his  enquiry.  There  was  a  gentleman 
named  Samuel  Houghton — he  was  also  called 
Horton,  but  signed  his  name  Houghton — who 
resided  near  the  ancient  village  of  Ballycarney, 
on  the  banks  of  the  River  Slaney,  County  Wex- 
ford. He  was  the  reputed  descendant  of  an  officer 
(said  to  be  a  general)  in  Cromwell's  army.  He 
possessed  some  property  in  the  neighbourhood, 
and  was  much  esteemed  by  his  neighbours  for  his 
kindly  and  hospitable  disposition.  He  was  sup- 
posed to  be  the  oldest  man  in  the  empire,  and  at 
the  time  of  his  death  was  said  to  be  one  hundred 


364 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[_3ri  s.  XI,  Mat  4,  '67. 


and  twenty  years  of  a^e — "but  I  have  no  doubt  he 
was  at  least  one  hundred.  I  was  at  a  large  school 
in  the  locality,  when  a  boy,  and  I  have  conversed 
with  the  fine  old  man,  who  was  fond  of  school- 
boys, and  used  to  come  to  the  school  with  his 
pockets  full  of  cherries,  apples,  and  such  like 
fi-uit  from  his  own  gardens.  I  need  hardly  add 
that  he  was  a  favourite  with  us  all.  I  have  on 
more  than  one  occasion  heard  him  tell  the  head- 
master— an  eminent  scholar  named  O'Connor — 
about  his  adventures  on  the  ice  on  the  Thames  in 
1716,  and  that  he  was  at  a  dinner  or  some  enter- 
tainment that  took  place  on  the  ice  on  the  river. 
Previous  to  his  death,  he  lost  the  greater  portion 
of  his  property  by  law,  but  I  do  not  remember  the 
particiilars ;  but  I  do  remember  that  there  was 
much  sympathy  expressed  for  him  and  an  only 
son.  The  latter  had  some  small  acquired  pro- 
perty in  the  neighbourhood,  and  perhaps  some  of 
the  family  may  be  found  there  still. 

S.  Eedjiond. 
Liverpool. 

"  Vaxe  of  the  Cross"  (S'^  S.  xi.  235.)— The 
lines  "  On  visiting  Valle  Crucis,"  the  picturesque 
c  locality  of  the  abbey  just  above  Llangollen,  are 
jf-     not  quite  correctly  given  by  your  correspondent 
v-^       W.  It.     They  form  the  second  stanza  of  a  small 
^  poem  from  the  pen  of  JNlr.  Roscoe,  and  originally 

appeared,  I  believe,  in  a  thin  volume,  entitled 
Poems  for  Yoidh,  by  a  Family  Circle,  Part  I., 
now  known  to  have  been  edited  by  his  eldest 
daughter,  ]Mrs.  Thomas  Jevons,  who  subsequently 
added  its  companion  volume.  Part  II,  A  third 
volume  of  the  same  size  was  subsequently  pub- 
lished by  ''  One  of  the  Authors  of  Poems  for 
Yoidh,  by  a  Family  Circle.''^  This  was  his  second 
daughter,  who  afterwards  became  Mrs.  Francis 
Hornblower.  Though  both  those  ladies  repub- 
lished their  own  portions  of  the  above  poems  in 
separate  volumes,  they  are  much  less  known 
than  they  deserve  to  be  from  the  gems  which 
they  enshjine,  I  append  the  whole  of  Mr.  Koscoe's 
poem,  which  will  be  acceptable  to  readers  of 
*'N.  &  Q."  who  have  not  seen  it : — 

"  Vale  of  the  Cross !  the  shepherds  tell 
Tis sweet  within  thy  woods  to  dwell! 
For  there  are  sainted  shadows  seen, 
^>.  That  frequent  haunt  the  dew^'  green  ; 

^^  By  wandering  winds  the  dirge  is  sung, 

\^  The  convent  bells  by  spirits  rung  ; 

And  matin  hymns  and  vesper  prayer 
Break  softly  on  the  tranquil  air. 
"  Vale  of  the  Cross!  the  shepherds  tell 
'Tis  sweet  within  thy  woods  to  dwell ! 
For  peace  hath  there  her  spotless  throne, 
And  pleasures  to  the  world  unknown ; 
The  murmur  of  the  distant  rills. 
The  sabbath  silence  of  the  hUls ; 
And  all  the  quiet  God  hath  given,        s^-" 
Without  the  golden  gates  of  Heaven," 

F.B. 

Caton. 


Frexch  Bishops,  etc,  (3'''>  S,  xi,  136,) — I  am 
glad  to  be  able  to  supply  E,  M,  B,  with  some  of 
the  information  he  desires, 

French  bishops  and  abbots  did  not  usually 
impale  the  arms  of  their  sees  and  abbeys  wititi 
their  personal  bearings,  after  the  English  fashion. 
The  Ecclesiastical  "Pairs  de  France,"  of  whom 
the  Archbishop  of  Rheims  was  one,  did  so  occa- 
sionally, but,  so  far  as  I  have  observed,  with  this 
difference,  that  the  personal  arms  were  placed  on 
the  dexter  side.  The  arms  of  the  See  of  Rheims 
were,  Az,  seme  de  fleurs-de-lis  or,  over  all  a  cross 

gU.  J.  WOODWAKD. 

The  Parsonage,  Montrose. 

Ar^ioeial     Qtteries     (3''^    S.    xi.    136.)  — 
"  Rhemensis  Archiepiscopus  utitur  scute  liliis 
Franciscis  consito,  impressa  cmce  coccinea." 

Ph.  Jac  Spener,  Historia  Insigrdum  JUustrium 
1680,  p.  119. 

Edavaed  Peacock. 

Depoe  (S'*  S.  xi,  315.) — It  is  worthy  a  note 
that  "  N.  &  Q."  and  the  Pall  3Iall  Gazette  should 
have  within  two  days  of  each  other  called  public 
attention  to  the  fact  that  an  eminent  solicitor  had 
recently  in  Parliament  used  the  arguments  con- 
tained 'm  Defoe's  pamphlet  The  Villainy  of  Stock- 
jobbers Detected,  &c. 

You  have  rightly  informed  your  correspondent 
Claeet,  that  the  pamphlet  was  originally  pub- 
lished in  1701 ;  but  if  he,  or  any  other  contributor, 
should  be  disposed  to  pm-sue  a  very  interesting 
inquiry  as  to  the  fluctuations  of  bank  and  other 
public  stocks,  through  the  operations  of  stock- 
jobbers, for  some  sufficient  time  anterior  to  the 
appearance  of  Defoe's  tract,  it  may  assist  him  to 
know  that  the  flrst  edition  was  published  on 
February  11,  1701,  and  that  the  newspapers  of 
that  time  will  probably  furnish  the  periodical 
prices  of  the  stocks. 

I  may  add  that  the  pamphlet  was  popular,  the 
second  edition  having  been  published  on  February 
17,  1701.  I  believe  that  at  least  one  spurious 
edition  was  issued,  and  the  tract  was  included  in 
the  first  volume  of  the  collected  writings  of  the 
author  of  the  Tnie-Born  Englishman,  published 
about  July  29,  1703.  The  volume  therefore  pos- 
sessed by  Claret,  dated  1705,  contains  at  least 
the  fourth  edition  of  this  tract.  W.  Lee, 

Scotch  Jacobite  Lettees  (S"''*  S,  xi.  309.) — 
Your  readers  interested  in  the  very  gradual  con- 
solidation of  British  loyalty  from  the  Revolution 
until  the  suppression  of  the  last  rebellion  in 
favour' of  the  Stuarts,  wiU,  I  am  sure,  feel  obliged 
to  A.  J.  for  the  two  letters  addressed  to  Gordon 
of  Glenbucket. 

I  desire  respectfully  to  suggest,  however,  that  a 
verbatim  transcript  of  the  second  letter,  without 
interpolation,  would  have  been  preferable,  and  any 
reference  to  obscurities  might  have  been  appended 
thereto. 


:!^vt^^wu^Ju; 


\y^  -ovTwt      [v.    %% 


3*<»  S.  XI.  May  4,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


365 


A.  J.  has  unfortunately  stumbled,  in  the  four- 
teenth line  of  such  letter,  upon  the  word  "  gra- 
tification," and  has  there  set  up  a  permanent  mark 
of  interrogation.  Again,  in  the  thirty -fourth  line, 
meeting  with  the  equivalent  "gratified,"  he  has 
interpolated  the  word  "  [been],"  and  in  the  next 
line  "  [which],"  pervertingthe  meaning,  yet  with- 
out clearness  in  any  sense. 

It  seems  scarcely  necessary  to  say  that  in  the 
first  half  of  the  eighteenth  century  the  word 
''gratification"  was  used  in  a  wider  sense  than 
now,  and  included  what  we  mean  by  any  of  the 
terms  requital,  cjratuity,  reco7n2iense,  or  payment  of 
money  otherwise  than  under  any  legal  obligation. 
Passing  by  the  former  stumbling-block,  which 
is  sufiiciently  clear, — the  latter,  relieved  of  the 
interpolations,  plainly  means  that  out  of  a  list  of 
ninety  2>ersons  the  court  only  7-ecompensed  fou7-teen. 

W.  Lee. 

Flint  Jack  (3"1  S.  xi.  310.)— The  followmg 
will  probably  become  a  scarce  pamphlet,  and  the 
only  or  principal  record  of  the  life  of  a  great 
natural  genius.  The  title  is  therefore  worth 
printing  in  "  N.  &  Q."  : — 

"  Flint  Jack :  a  Memoir  of  Edward  Simpson,  of  Sleights, 
Yorkshire,  the  Fabricator  of  Spurious  Antiquities.  [Re- 
printed from  the  Malton  Messenger.']  Price  Sixpence. 
Malton:  H.  ^miihsoia.,  Messenger  Office,  1867." 

8vo.  Title  and  Address  to  the  Keader  one  leaf, 
PP-  34.  W.  Lee. 

It  may  be  advisable  to  note,  that  a  full  and 
interesting  account  of  the  life  of  this  notorious 
impostor  appeared  in  All  the  Year  Round  of 
March  9  last.  It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that 
this  man's  perseverance  and  abilities  were  not  put 
to  better  account;  for  had  he  acted  honestly,  there 
cannot  be  the  least  doubt  he  would  have  been  of 
immense  assistance  to  geologists  and  antiquaries. 
Edwakb  C,  Da  vies. 
Cavendish  Club. 

Ctnthia's  Dragon  Yoke  (1«'  S.  v.  297.)— 
This  idea  is,  I  think,  founded  in  astrological  be- 
lief. The  dragon  is  still  recognised  by  astrologers 
as  the  course  of  the  moon ;  and  the  ''  dragon's 
head  "  is  the  north  node,  wherein  she  enters  upon 
north  latitude,  and  the  "  dragon's  tail  "  is  her 
south  node,  wherein  she  passes  into  south  latitude. 
It  was  the  remnant  of  the  old  astrological  doctrine 
that  the  dragon  gave  rain,  as  the  Chinese  still  be- 
lieve. When  the  moon  is  in  her  node,  and  she, 
the  sun,  and  the  earth  are  all  moving  in  one  plane, 
rain  very  generally  occurs ;  and  the  same  often 
happens  when  Venus  is  in  the  dragon's  head,  that 
is,  when  she  is  in  her  node. 

Louisa  Jttlia  Norman. 

Position  in  Sleeping  (3'^'J  S.  xi.  244.)— Dr. 
Rogers,  in  his  note  on  this  subject,  seems  to  be 
ignorant  that  the  prescriptions  given  him  six  years 


ago  for  procuring  sleep  by  placing  the  bed  due 
north  and  south,  is  simply  an  application  of  the 
Od  or  Odylic  Force,  on  which  Baron  Reichenbach 
wrote  some  twenty  years  ago.  If  I  recollect 
rightly,  Reichenbach's  volume,  which  excited 
much  interest  at  the  time  of  its  appearance,  was 
translated  into  English  both  by  Professor  Gregory 
of  Edinburgh,  and  Dr.  Ash  burner  of  London;  and 
a  tolerably  full  abstract  of  the  Baron's  views  was 
given  in  the  first  or  second  volume  of  Ranking's 
Half-  Yearly  Abstract  of  the  Medical  Sciences. 

F.  R.  S. 
Torquay, 

Betting  (3^^  g.  x.  448.)— Sir  J.  Emerson  Ten- 
NENT  will  find  in  the  Iliad,  b.  xxiii.  485-7,  Ido- 
meneus  offering  to  lay  a  wager  with  the  lesser 
Ajax,  in  corroboration  of  a  controverted  assertion, 
viz. : — 

Aevpo  vvv,  ^  rpiTzoZos  irepiScifiedov,  7)6  A/jStjtos  • 
IcTTOpa  5    ArpeiSriv    Aya/u.^fivova  Qeloixev  &[i(pw. 
'Oirirdrepai  -TrpStrO'  'liriroi'  'Iva  -yvoiris  a-KOTiuwu. 
"  Now,  come  on ! 
A  wager  stake  we,  of  tripod  or  of  caldron ; 
And  make  we  both  Atreides  Agamemnon 
Judge,  whether  foremost  are  those  mares  :  and  so 
Learn  shalt  thou  to  thy  cost ! " 

T.  S. N. 
There  is  an  instance  of  a  wager  between  Menal- 
cas  and  Damcetas,  in  Vii'gil's  Bucolics,  eclogue  iii., 
vv.  28-50.  Walter  J.  Till. 

Croydon. 

'' Shank's  Nag  "  (2"'»  S.iv.  338.)— In  the  course  of 
reading  a  learned  work  by  J.  N.  Balettas,  a  modern 
Greek,  on  Homei-'s  Life  and  Poems,  p.  343,  I  have 
come  upon  a  periphrasis  for  feet  somewhat  akin  to 
"  Shank's  Nag."  The  great  Basil  is  said  to  have 
called  them  oi  rS  avdpuTrlfCji  awfjiaTi.  4fnri<pvK6Tes 
rpoxol.  I  have  not  Basil's  works,  and  no  reference 
is  given  in  my  authority.  J.  B.  D. 

Peers'  Residences  in  1698-9  (3'<»  S.  xi.  109.)— 
I  am  obliged  to  those  gentlemen  who  have  made 
observations   on  the  list  of  peers'  London  resi- 
dences ia  1698-9  (not  1689,  as  the  article  is  in- 
correctly headed).     I  have  examined  the  original 
again,  and  quite  think  with  Mr.  Standerwick, 
that  Schomberg  is  intended  for  Scorborge.  Toring- 
ton  {rectb  Torrington)   ought  to   be  printed  for 
Hormington ;  and,  I  doubt  not,  that  Carberg  is 
meant  for  Carborough :  iott,  although  there  was  no 
Earl  of  Carberg  in  the  English  peerage  at  that  or 
any  period,  there  was  John  Vaughan,  third  Earl 
of  Carberg,  in  Ireland,  living  in  1698-9 ;  who  was 
also  an  English  peer  by  the  title  of  Baron  Vaughan 
of  Emlyn,  in  the  coimty  of  Caermarthen.     The 
original  MS.,  I  omitted  to  mention,  is  docketed 
"  List  of  y^  Lords'  habitacons,  to  be  kept  safe." 
Ev.  Ph.  Shirley. 
I  am  curious  to  know  how  to  account  for  the 
residence  of  the  Duke  of  Newcastle  "in  Great 


366 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  Mat  4,  '67. 


Russell  Street,  by  Southampton  Square,"  and  "  att 
darken  well." 

I  would  suggest  to  Mr.  Standerwick  (3'^  S. 
xi.  224),  to  read  "  Mordingtoun  "  for  "Horming- 
ton."     I  should  be  glad  of  correction  if  wrong. 

LiOM.  F. 

Ptoning  Mottoes  (3'<'  S.  xi.  32, 145,  262.)  — 
The  family  motto  of  a  worthy  London  Surgeon 
contains  an  apt  pun,  though,  of  course,  merely 
through  coincidence — "  Spes  mihi  stirgere.^' 

C.  W.  M. 

In  the  chapel  of  the  noble  family  of  Malaspina, 
at  Pavia,  I  find  "Mala  spina  sum  bonis,  bona 
spina  sum  malis."  This  is  the  family  legend 
placed  either  under  the  shield  or  around  the  crest 
of  this  distinguished  race.  J.  H.  DixoiJ^. 

Heraldic  devices  can  at  least  boast  of  primeval 
antiquity — (see  Numbers  i.  52  and  ii.  2.)  Mottoes, 
moreover,  are  as  old  as  the  days  of  the  seven 
chiefs  against  Thebes,  (^sch.  -S'.  c.  Th.  419, 
and  Eurip.  Pha;n.  1107.)  The  "  arms "  of  Ca- 
paneus,  as  displayed  on  his  shield,  were  "  a  torch 
with  flames,"  with  the  significant  motto  appended, 
TrpVo)  Tr6\tv.  (See  also  BosweWs  Life  of  Johnson, 
sub.  an.  1772.) 

In  the  list  of  "  Punning  Mottoes,"  at  p.  262, 1 
do  not  see  that  of  the  Fortescue  family,  "  Forte 
Scutum,  SalusDucum,"  an  allusion  to  the  days  of 
the  Crusades,  and  Ptichard's  life  preserved  by  the 
shieldbearer  at  hand,  who  adopted  the  name, 
indicative  of  the  royal  compliment,  and  became 
the  founder  of  one  of  our  noblest  families. 

T.  W.  Weare. 

Hampton  Bishop,  Hereford. 

I  do  not  know  whether  your  correspondents 
have  met  with  the  subjoined  family  mottoes  : — 

"  Dieii  pour  la  Tranche'e,  qvii  centre  ?  "  —  Borne  by  the 
famih'  of  Le  Poer  Trench. 
"  Bene  factum  " — Weldon. 
"  Efflorescent  cornices  dura  micat  sol " — Rooke, 
"  Esto  miles  fidelis  " — Miles. 
"  Hazard,  zet  forward  " — Seton. 
"  I  am  alone  " — Lone. 
"  Cassis  tutissima  virtus  " — Helme. 

The  same  play  upon  words  is  also  embodied  in 
the  mottoes  of  some  of  the  City  Companies,  as  in 
those  of  the  Glaziers'  Company  and  the  Iron- 
mongers' Company — "  Da  nobis  lucem,  Domine," 
and  "  Assez  dure''  (hard  enough),  A.  G.  S. 

"  Addere  legi  justitiam  decus"  is  the  motto  of 
the  Adderley  family  in  Warwickshire,  now  so 
worthily  represented  by  the  Right  Honourable  C. 
Bowj-er  Adderley,  M.P. 

ThOS.  E.  WiNNIIfGTON. 

Jolly  (3"*  S.  xi.  161.) — It  appears  to  me  that 
yoiir  correspondents  miss  the  meaning  of  the  word 
as  used  by  old  writers.  It  is  evidently  the  French 
Joli  Anglicised,  retaining  the  original  meaning — 


fine,  good,  agreeable.     So  Fairfax  uses  it  in  his 
translation  of  Tasso. 

It  is  notable  that  whilst  the  old  word  is  appro- 
priately used  in  reference  to  beautiful  natural 
objects,  the  modern  word  with  its  ofishoots  j oUity 
andjolliness  are  almost  confined  to  the  meaning 
of  "  noisy  drinking  and  festivity,"  and  applied 
to  persons  addicted  thereto.  May  this  corruption 
of  meaning  be  held  to  indicate  the  bent  of  the 
national  mind  on  the  subject  of  goodness  ? 

P.  E.  Maset. 

LocEET  MuiriATTJEE  OE  Charles  I.  (3'''^  S.  xi, 
235.) — Several  small  silver  lockets  in  memory  of 
the  royal  martyr  are  known  to  be  extant.  One  is 
engraved  in  Chamhei-s's  Book  of  Days,  vol.  i.  194. 
It  has  within,  a  profile  head  of  the  king  engraved 
and  "  Prepared  be  to  follow  me  C.  R."  On  one 
of  the  exterior  sides  is  a  heart  stuck  through 
with  arrows,  and  the  legend  "I  line  and  dy  in 
loyaltye  ; "  on  the  other  is  an  eye  dropping  tears, 
surmounted  by  *'  Quistemperetalacrymis,^a.mx&xj 
30,  1648."  It  is  stated  that  seven  mourning  rings 
were  distributed  among  the  personal  friends  of 
the  king.  One  of  these  was  given  by  Lady  Murray 
Elliott  to  Horace  Walpole,  and  a  drawing  of  it  is 
given  in  the  Book  of  Days.  On  this  ring  is  a 
profile  of  the  king,  and  on  the  obverse,  within,  is 
a  death's  head  surmounting  a  crovra,  with  legend 
"  Gloria —  Vanitas."  In  the  interior  of  the  ring 
is  engraved  "  Gloria  Ang.  JEmigravit,  Ja.  the  30, 

1648."  JOHX   PiGGOT,   JTTJf. 

Old  Clock  (^'^  S.  xi.  256.)— I  cannot  give  the 
date  of  the  clock  engraved  "  William  Selwood,  at 
The  Mermaide,  in  Lothbury ; "  but  in  Curiosities 
of  Clocks  and  Watches,  p.  71,  it  is  said  that  the 
Co7nmomoealth  Mei-cun/,  of  November  25,  1688, 
advertised  clocks  made  by  Ahasuerus  Fromanteel, 
which  were  sold  "  at  the  sign  of  the  Mar  em  aid, 
in  Lothbury,  near  Bartholomew  Lane  end."  This 
may  be  some  sort  of  negative  evidence. 

^  M.  S.  A.  . 


Mi^ttUa.maui. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC.    , 

A  Dictmmry  of  Science,  Literature,  and  Art,,  cnmprhinij 
the  Definitions  and  Derivations  of  the  Scientific  Terms 
in  general  use,  together  with  the  History  and  Descrip- 
tions of  the  Scientific  Principles  of  nearly  every  Branch 
of  Human  Knoivledge.  Fourth  Edition,  reconstructed 
and  extended  by  the  late  W.  T.  Brande,  D.C.L.,  and  the 
Rev.  G.  W.  Cox,  M.A.,  assisted  by  Contributors  of 
eminent  Scientific  and  Literary  Acquirements.  (Part 
XII.)     (Longmans.) 

We  entered  at  such  length  into  the  value  and  useful- 
ness of  this  compendium  of  universal  knowledge  on  the 
appearance  of  the  First  Part  of  this  new,  extended,  and 
enlarged  edition  of  it,  that  vre  may  now  content  ourselves 
with  congratulating  the  publishers  and  subscribers  on  its 


S-^-i  S.  XI.  May  4,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


367 


completion.  The  object  of  editors  and  contributors  has 
been  to  exhibit,  especially  in  all  controverted  or  doubtful 
matters,  a  judicially  strict  impartiality,  which,  while 
stating  indifferently  the  opinions  maintained  by  con- 
flicting schools  or  parties,  leaves  the  reader  to  draw  his 
own  conclusions  from  the  evidence  of  facts  laid  before 
him.  This  is  a  great  recommendation,  and  combined 
with  the  variety  and  extent  of  the  information  to  be 
found  in  these  clearly,  but  closely-printed  volumes,  can- 
not fail  to  secure  for  the  Dictionary  of  Science,  Litera- 
ture, and  Art,  a  place  in  every  librarj'  of  reference,  and 
on  the  shelves  of  all  working  men  of  letters. 
The  Serious  Poems  of  Thomas  Hood.    Edited  by  Samuel 

Lucas,  M.  A.,  with  Preface  by  Thomas  Hood  the  Younger. 

(Moxon  &  Co.) 
The  Comic  Poems  of  Tliomas  Hood.     Edited  by  Samuel 

Lucas,  M.A.,  with  Preface  6^  Thomas  Hood  the  Younger. 

(Moxon  &  Co.) 

In  Thomas  Hood,  as  in  all  men  of  true  genius,  the 
sense  of  the  pathetic  and  the  sense  of  the  humorous  were 
closely  interwoven.  Gifted  with  an  acute  perception  of 
"  the  beautiful  of  things,"  his  eye  was  keen  to  detect  the 
element  of  things  comic  which  lurked  beside  them.  So 
that  on  the  one  hand  the  reader  who  takes  up  the  Seriotis 
Poems  of  Thomas  Hood  will  be  startled  by  the  quips  and 
cranks,  and  wreathed  smiles  which  sparkle  beside  and 
sometimes  in  the  very  core  of  the  gravest  portion  of  the 
volume,  while  on  the  other  hand  the  reader  of  the  Comic 
Poems  will  ever  and  anon  find  his  laughter  checked  by 
thoughts  almost  too  deep  for  tears,  which  spring  up,  as 
it  were,  imbidden  from  the  very  nature  of  the  theme.  So 
that  we  advise  the  admirers  of  the  Poet-Humorist,  in- 
stead of  selecting  either  his  Serious  or  Coviic  Poems,  to 
secure  them  both. 

Natiojjal  Portrait  Exhibition. — The  Exhibition 
of  the  Second  Series  of  Portraits  of  British  Worthies, 
which,  thanks  to  the  admirable  idea  of  Lord  Derbj',  have 
been  evoked  from  the  ancestral  walls  Avhich  they  have  so 
long  decorated,  and  collected  for  public  examination  at 
South  Kensington,  was  opened  yesterday.  Though  not  so 
numerous  as  the  preceding  Collection,  the  Portraits  in  the 
present  Series  possess  a  wider  and  more  popular  interest, 
inasmuch  as  they  illustrate  times  and  personages  ■\vith 
which  even  the  least  informed  are  better  acquainted,  than 
with  those  which  formed  the  subject  of  last  year's  Exhibi- 
tion. As  a  display  of  what  our  Portrait  Painters  have  pro- 
duced— considered  merely  as  works  of  art — the  collection 
is  most  creditable  to  the  English  School ;  and  while  the 
historical  student  will  ponder  with  delight  over  the  por- 
trait of  some  favourite  hero  or  author,  the  lover  of 
Art  will  dwell  upon  the  same  picture  enchanted  with  the 
skill  with  which  the  painter  has  transferred  to  the  can- 
vass the  very  form  and  image  of  his  sitter.  We  have  not 
space  to  enter  into  any  details  this  week ;  but  recommend 
our  readers  to  go  to  South  Kensington  and  judge  from 
the  merits  of  the  present  collection  how  great  is  their 
obligation  to  Lord  Derby  and  to  the  Department  of 
Science  and  Art,  who  have  worked  out  what  he  so  ad- 
mirably suggested. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

■WANTED  TO  PTTECHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.,  of  the  followins  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 
to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  whose  names  and  ad- 
dresses are  given  for  that  purpose:  — 
The  Atben^cm.    All  before  1 831 . 
Tbb  ARcHaioLOGiA.    Vol.  XXXVI.  Part  II. 
CoLiiNs's  Peerage.    The  supplemental  volume. 
Annual  BioGBApny  and  Obitdary,  1833. 

Job.    WoLPii,   Lectioncm    Mbmobabhiom,     Edit.  1600.    The  Index, 
which  was  issued  separately. 


Durham  Wills  and  Inventories.  Vol.  I.  (Surtees  Soc.) 
Testamknta  Ebobacensia.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  (Surtees  Soc.) 
■^^'^5  °'  Oppickrs  claiming  the  Sixty  Thousand  Pounds  granted  by 

His  Sacred  Majesty  for  the  Relief  of  His  Truly  Loyal  and  Indigent 

Party.    4to,  1663. 

Wanted  by  Edward  Peacocl,  Esq.,  Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 
Rev.  John  Booker's  Memorials  op  Prestwich  Church. 
Wanted  by  Mr.  David  Kelley,  Bookseller,  Market  Street, 


F.  H.  H.  The  saying  "  Go  to  Bath,  and  have  your  head  shaved,"  is 
eceplained  in  "  N.  &  Q."  1st  S.  ix.  677, 578. 

A.  G.  S.  Sir  C.  L.  Eastlake's  Paper  on  the  Laws  of  Architectural 
Sculpture  is  reprinted  in  his  Contributions  to  the  Literature  of  the  Fine 
Arts,  pp.  61—94.    Lond.  1848. 8vo. 

E.  P.  (Taunton.)  Tlie  passage  occurs  in  "  Tlie  Invitation,"  hy  Mrs. 
Sarbauld. 

W.  B.  T.  (Sheffield.)  Philemon  Holland's  translation  of  Pliny's  Na- 
tural History  of  the  World,  2  vols.  1635,  is  priced  in  Bohn's  Lowndes  at 
U.\&s.,n.2s.,andil.7s. 

J.  H.  Dixon.  Several  versions  of  the  charm  for  the  toothache  ap- 
peared in  our  First  Series.  See  the  General  Index  under  '•Folk 
Lore,"  p.  56. 

R.  O.  Cocks.     Articles  on  the  "  White-breast  bird  of  the  Oxenham 


Errata.— An  unfortunate  transposition  of  words  was  made  in  the 
first  sentence  of  Mr.  Bouchier's  article  on  Tennyson's  "Elaine  "  in  our 
last  number,  p.  336,  col.  i.  The  sentence  should  read  i—"  I  think  I  caa 
give  tolerably  satisfactory  replies  to  Den  km  al's  queries  respecting  cer- 
tain localities  mentioned  in  tiiis  idyl."— P.  339,  col.  ii.  line  23,  for  "  the 
lumber  "  read  "  the  timber." 


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368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Srd  S.  XI.  May  4,  '67. 


Announcement. 

MESSRS.  GEORGE  ROTJTLEDGE  &  SONS  have  the^pleasure  to 
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does  not  require  the  extraction  of  roots  or  any  painful  operation,  and 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

FOR 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 


""WTien  found,  make  a  note  of." — Captain  Cottle. 


No.  280. 


Saturday^  Mat  11,  1867. 


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families. 
2ndly.  PENSIONS  to  POOR  WIDOWS  and  AGED  MAIDEN 
DAUGHTERS  of   Deceased   Clergymen,  and  temporary 
relief  in  cases  of  great  age  or  sickness. 
3rdly,  APPRENTICE   FEES  and  DONATIONS  towards    the 
education  and  establishment  in  life   of  CHILDREN    of 
Poor  Clergymen. 
Unlike  otlier  Societies  established  for  the  benefit  of  a  particular 
district,  or  one  class  of  sufferers,  whether  Clernymen,  Widows,    or 
Orphans,  the  Corporation  assists  them  all  with  equal  solicitude,  and 
administers  its  funds  to  claimants  in  all  Dioceses  of  England   and 
Wales. 

The  average  number  of  persons  assisted  yearly  is  about  1300,  and  of 
these  712  are  Widows  and  Aged  Single  Daughters. 

The  funds  being  very  inadequat;.  Do.natioivs  and  Anndal  SoascRir- 
TioNs  will  be  gratefully  received  by  C.J.  BAKER.  ES(>.,  Registrar 
of  the  Corporation,  2,  Bloomsbury  Place,  W.C;  or  MESSRS.  HOARE, 
Bankers,  37,  Fleet  Street,  E.C. 

Persons  becoming  Donors  or  Subscribers  prior  to  the  Festival  may 
obtain  Tjckkts  for  the  Cathbdhai,  Irom  MR.  BAKER,  MESSRS. 
RiyiNGToN,  3.  Waterloo  Place,  S.W.,  or  MESSRS.  GRIFFITH 
and  FAKRAN,  West  Corner  of  St.  Paul's  Church  Yard,  E.C.  TrcsETs 
rTviNGTOn'^''  ^"'  ""^  '^^"^^  ^^  ^^'  ^■'^^^^  *"^<1  MESSRS. 
3rd  S.  No.  280. 


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3'<J  S.  XI.  May  11,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MAY  11,  18G7. 


CONTENTS.— No  280. 

NOTES:  — Luxembourg  in  1593,  369— An  Old  Story  Re- 
vived, 370— William  Collins,  371— Two  Churches  in  one 
Churchyard,  372-Edward  Wortley  Montagu,  373-Iloraan 
Funereal  Stone—  Marie- Antoinette  and  the  Genuine  Let- 
ters —  "Robinson  Crusoe"  —  Inscriptions  on  Church 
Bells  —  Samuel  Lee,  &c.  —  Heraldry  —  A  Corp  Cr6  or 
Criadli  —  "  Dodona's  Grove  "  —  Dunce  —  Hydrophobi  a, 
374. 

QUERIES  :  —Anonymous— Cottle  Family-  Eton  College- 
Emmet— Grapes— Lord   Hailes  — South  Yorkshire,  &c. 

—  Jewish  Fines  and  Penalties  —  Legend  of  the  Book  of 
Job  —  Montezuma's  Golden  Cup  —  Obsolete  Phrases  — 
Plays  at  English  Grammar  Schools  —  To  cry  "  Roast 
Meat "  —  Robins  —  Scandinavian  Literature  —  Chief  Jus- 
tice Scroggs  —  Seaford  —  Family  of  Sergison  —  Tangier  — 
The  French  Word  "Ville"  in  Composition  — The  Wedding 
Ring,  376. 

Queries  with  Answers  :  —  "  Hudibras  Redivivus  "  —  Pas- 
ton  Letters  —  The  Song  of  Birds  —  Drysalter  —  East  India 
Company  —  Queen  Mary  and  Calais  —  Hector  Boece  — 
Meridian  Rings  —  "  The  Noble  Moriuger,"  380. 

REPLIES:  —  Milton's  Use  of  the  Word  "Charm,"  382  — 
Stone  in  Keystope,  383  —  The  Lost  Word  in  "  Hamlet,"  lb. 
Caitiff:  Crow:  Mock:  Laugh,  384  —  Walter  Mapes,  385  — 
'•  The  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill "  —  The  Brotliers  Bandiera 

—  Matthew  Prior— Church  Dedication:  Wellingborough 

—  D'Abrichcourt  —  William  de  Langland  :  Stacy  de  Rok- 
ayle  —  AVilliam  Austin  —  Dial  Inscriptions  —  Wheel  Lock 

—  Mulltrooshill  —  Rood-screen  Bell  —  "  To  Kythe  "  — 
Lines  on  a  Vicar  and  Curate  —  Chess  —  The  Bordure  Wavy 

—  Dunbar's  "  Social  Life  in  former  Days"— Albert  Durer's 
"  Knight,  Death,  and  the  Devil "  —  "  Corruptio  optimi 
pessima"  —Low-side  Windows  —  Harp, &c.,  387. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


LUXEMBOUKG  IN  1593, 
I  take  tlie  liberty  of  writing  to  request  you 
will  accept  the  short  notice  which  I  enclose  of  a 
little  book  in  my  library  of  the  time  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  dedicated  to  Lord  Burleigh,  imprinted 
at  London  in  1593  by  Peter  Short  for  Thomas 
Chard,  but  entirely  unknown  to  Ames,  Herbert, 
and  Dibdin :  — 

The  Description  of  the  Low  Countries,  mid  of 
the  Provinces  thereof,  gathered  into  an  Epitome  out 
of  the  "  Historic  of  Lodouieo  Guicciardini."  The 
dedication  prefixed,  to  Lord  Burghley,  is  signed 
"Thomas  Danett." 

I  extract  from  it  the  following  account  of 
Luxemburg  in  the  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 

Henkx  Ellis. 
"  Luxembourg  was  erected  into  a  Dutchie  as  it  is 
thought  by  the  Emperor  Heniy,  the  seventh  Earle  of 
Luxembourg. 

"  It  beareth  the  name  of  the  principall  Town  thereof. 
It  is  bounded  North  with  the  Countrey  of  Liege  and 
Namur,  South  with  Lorraine,  East  with  the  Moselle  and 
the  bishoprick  of  Treues,  West  with  part  of  the  Moselle 
and  part  of  the  forest  of  Ardenne. 

"  This  countrey  is  replenished  with  mountains  and 
forests,  and  embraceth  the  greatest  part  of  the  forest  of 
Ardenne. 

"  It  is  deuided  into  two  parts,  the  one  called  famenne, 
which  is  fruitfull  of  corne  and  of  all  good  things,  and 


hath  in  it  some  Mines,  and  divers  sorts  of  goodly  stone, 
among  the  which  are  those  whereof  excellent  good  lime 
is  made.  It  yealdeth  also  some  wine.  The  other  part  of 
the  contrey  is  called  Ardenne,  which  is  barren,  and  pro- 
duceth  no'  corn  save  a  little  Rie  and  Lent  corne,  but  al 
sorts  of  venison,  as  Hart,  Hinde,  Goate,  Hare,  Cony,  and 
also  fowle  wonderful!  plenty,  especially  one  kind  of  fowie 
called  Caurette,  like  to  our  Quailes  but  much  sweeter. 
This  fowle  is  of  diners  colours,  and  hath  red  eies  and 
feet,  the  flesh  passing  white  and  delicate.  There  are  also 
in  this  part  of  the  countrey  wilde  hens  of  two  sorts,  one 
as  great  as  Turky  cocks,  called  Limoges ;  the  other  of 
the  greatness  of  our  common  hens,  called  Bruiers ;  of  both 
the  which  sortes  is  wonderfuU  abundance  wilde  in  the 
woods  and  fields. 

"  This  country  being  a  frontier  against  France,  hatli 
often  beene  miserably  afflicted  in  the  wars,  and  diuers 
townes,  yea  the  principall  itselfe,  often  sacked  and  de- 
stroyed. By  this  countrey  runne  many  rivers,  especiallie 
the  Moselle. 

"  This  Dutchie  containeth  in  circuit  about  70  leagues ; 
and  in  it  are  20  walled  Townes,  namelie,  Luxembourg, 
the  principall  of  the  whole  countrey,  Arlon,  Rodemarck, 
Theonville,Graueraakre,  Coningmakre,  Dickrich,  Vireton, 
Esteruerck,  Vadalen,  Bastonac,  Mommedi,  Neufchastfeau, 
Danuillers,  Maruil,  Laroche  en  Ardenne,  Durby,  S.  Vite, 
Marche  Salme. 

"Other  townes  there  are,  sometime  walled,  but  now 
unwalled,  either  by  the  fury  of  the  Wars  or  by  treaty  of 
Peace,  as  luois,  Chini,  Laferte.  Also  divers  castels  there 
are  verj-  ancient  and  noble,  like  to  little  townes,  as  S.  John 
&  Mandreschet,  having  both  of  them  the  title  of  Earl- 
doms. Likewise  Bidburg,  Sauuachi,  Pambrug,  Clearueau, 
and  Hoffalis,  are  al  very  good  castels. 

"  There  are  likewise  in  this  Dutchy  1169  villages, 
divers  of  which  are  faire  and  great,  namelie.  La  Rochette, 
Auio,  and  S.  Hubert,  called  The  towne  of  debate,  because 
many  times  strife  with  the  Liegeoys  hath  been  about  it. 

"  In  this  Dutchie  are  vii  Earledomes,  many  baronies, 
and  other  Seniories  infinite. 

"  The  states  of  this  Countrey  consist  of  Three  Members 
(viz.).  Prelates,  Nobles,  and  Towns. 

"  TJie  Citty  of  Luxembourg. 

"  Though  it  passeth  the  river  Elze,  it  is  called  Luxem- 
bourg, because  it  was  dedicated  to  the  Sunne  as  it  were, 
Lucis  Burgum :  so  Arlon  was  dedicated  to  the  Moone, 
and  is  so  called  Quasi  Ara  Lima,  because  Diana  was 
worshipped  there.  Jtiois,  one  letter  being  transposed, 
beareth  the  name  of  Jupiter.  Mars  in  famenns  of  the 
god  Mars,  and  Mercurt  (a  good  village  standing  be- 
tweene  Chasteau  de  soy  and  Bastoigne)  of  Mercurj'.  So 
TheonuiUe  is  as  it  were  Pantheon,  because  it  was  dedi- 
cated to  all  the  Gods — a  word  compounded  of  Greek  and 
French.  Besides  divers  other  places  in  this  Countrey 
bearing  their  names,  though  very  corruptlie,  of  the  Pagan 
gods  or  planets. 

"  Luxembourg  is  large  and  very  strongly  seated,  yet 
but  reasonably  built,  because  in  the  warres  it  hath  often 
been  destroyed  in  such  sort  that  the  citizens,  being  very 
poore  by  reason  of  the  wars,  have  not  only  been  careless 
in  repairing  it,  but  many  of  them  have  also  cleane 
abandoned  it. 

"  In  the  Convent  of  the  Order  of  S'  Francis  in  this 
Towne  lieth  buried  John  king  of  Boheme  (sonne  to  the 
Emperour  Henry  the  7,  and  father  to  Charles  the  fourth), 
slain  at  the  battaile  of  Crecy  by  the  English,  An.  1348. 

"  In  Luxembourg  reside'th  the  Councell  of  the  whole 
Province,  which  appealeth  to  Malines.  In  the  said  councell 
they  plead  both  in  Dutch  and  French,  because  some  of 
the  countrv  use  the  Dutch  tongue  at  Luxembourg  itselfe 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'tf  S.  XI.  3LvY  11,  '67. 


Arlon,  Rodemarck,  Theonuille,  and  divers  other  townes, 
and  some  the  French,  as  Juois,  Moumedi,  Maruil,  Dan- 
villiers  ;  but  let  us  proceed  to  the  other  Townes. 

"  Arlon  is  desolated  by  the  wars,  but  now  they  begin 
to  repaire  it  again. 

"  Kodemarck  is  a  good  little  Town,  with  a  strong 
CastelL 

"  Theonville  standeth  upon  the  Moselle,  having  a 
goodh'  bridge  over  the  river.  The  common  opinion  is, 
that  tharles  the  Great  established  this  town  for  one  of 
the  three  seates  of  the  Empire  in  these  parts.  This 
towne  is  marvellous  strong,  yet  it  was  taken  by  the 
French  under  the  leading  of  Francis  Duke  of  Guyse, 
An.  1558 ;  and  at  the  assault  thereof  was  Peter  Strozzi, 
one  of  the  fonre  Marshals  of  France,  slaine ;  but  it  was 
by  the  last  Treaty  restored  to  King  Philip  againe. 

"  Grauemackren  and  Coninkmackren  standeth  both 
upon  the  Moselle. 

"  Dickriek,  Vicrton,  Echternack,  Nihil. 

"  Vandalen,  or  Yianden,  hath  the  title  of  an  Earl- 
dome. 

"  Bastonack  is  a  good  little  Towne,  and  is  commonly 
called  Paris  en  Ardenne,  because  in  it  is  helde  a  market 
of  cattell  and  graine,  and  all  other  victuals,  whither  all 
the  countrey  resorteth,  which  greatly  enricheth  this 
place.  In  diuers  Villages  about  this  Towne  is  the  blas- 
phemous Spanish,  or  rather  heathenish  custome  of  women, 
in  bewailing  their  dead  husbands  used,  who  follow  them 
to  the  church  with  miserable  cries,  bowlings,  and  lamen- 
tations, beating,  tonnenting,  tearing  and  scratching 
themselves  by  the  waye  as  they  go  most  shamefully  with 
their  nails.  True  it  is,  that  the  women  here  are  much 
more  modest  than  the  Spanish  women  ;  for  these  are 
silent  when  they  come  into  the  church,  to  the  great 
trouble  of  the  whole  companie. 

"  Mommedi  standeth  upon  a  high  hill,  at  the  foote 
whereof  runneth  the  river  Chiers.  It  is  a  strong  towne, 
yet  often  taken  in  the  last  wars  by  the  French,  but  by 
the  last  treatie  restored  againe  to  the  King  of  Spaine. 

"  Neufchastel  is  a  strong  towne  now,  "but  neyther  so 
.strong  nor  so  great  as  in  times  past. 

"  Danuilliers.  This  towne  was  sacked  by  the  Duke  of 
Orleans,  anno  1542,  and  again  by  Henry  the  Second, 
King  of  France,  An.  1552;  but  it  was  restored  to  King 
PhiUp  by  the  last  Treatie,  and  is  now  fairer  and  stronger 
than  ever  before. 

"  Maruil  standeth  uppon  the  Chiers  :  the  one  halfe  of 
this  towne  is  Kinge  Philippes,  and  the  other  halfe  the 
Duke  of  Lorraines,  for  the  which  cause  it  is  called  Ville 
Commune. 

"  La  Roche  en  Ardenne  and  Darby  are  both  erected 
into  Earldomes. 

"  S.  Vite  is  a  little,  but  a  very  pleasant  and  a  fine 
Towne. 

"  Salme  is  a  proper  rich  towne.  erected  also  into  an 
Earldome. 

•'  INIarche,  Marses  or  Mars,  was  heeretofore  dedicated  to 
Mars.  But  now  let  us  speak  a  word  or  two  of  these 
townes,  they  are  destroyed  or  disfigured  bv  the  warres, 
wliereof  the  prj-ncipall  is  luov. 

'•  luoy,  which  standeth  upon  the  Chiers.  It  was  some 
time  a  good  towne  and  a  strong,  but  hath  often  beene 
sacked  in  these  last  wars  ;  especially  bv  Henrv,  King  of 
France,  An.  1552.  It  was  restored  to  King  Philip,  anno 
1558,  by  the  last  Treatye,  but  with  condition  that  it 
should  no  more  be  walled  nor  fortified. 

"  Chiny  hath  beene  so  often  spoiled  in  the  wars  that  it 
remaineth  yet  unwalled,  notwithstanding  now  they  be^nn 
to  repaire  it  againe.  It  is  an  Earldome,  and  hath  large 
Seniorie  and  Jurisdiction  over  diuers  townes. 

"  Laferte  standeth  upon  the  Chiers.  It  is  also  unwalled, 
and  part  of  the  castle  ruinated. 


I  "  Xo  Prouince  in  all  the  Low  countreys  is  so  replenished 
'.  with  Nobility  as  this  Duchj-^  of  Luxenbourg,  who  also 

goueme  their   Subjects  and    Tenants    like  pesants    of 

France,  or  rather  like  slaues,  contrarie  to  the  liberty  of 
j  the  rest  of  the  Prouinces  of  these  Loav  Countreys.  Other- 
■  wise  the  Nobilitie  of  this  Dutchy  are  full  of  all  vertue, 

truthe,  faithe   to  their  prince,  constancy-,  curtesie,  hos- 

pitalitie,  and  loue  one  to  another  ;  and  often  frequent 
''  together,  and  very  frankh'  and  liberallie  entertain  one 

another  in  their  Castels  and  houses  of  pleasure.  And 
^  aboue  all  other  people,  hate  Lawe  and  Lawyers,  and  end 
I  their  controuersies  amonge  themselves  without  processe. 

The  chiefe  exercise  of  the  Nobility  is  Ai-mes  and  Hunting. 

This  was  the  first  Title  that  the  Emperour  Charles  bare 

at  his  christening." 


AN  OLD  STORY  REVIVED. 
When  the  recent  outhreak  took  place  in  Ire- 
land, I  read  the  following  account  in  The  Times  of 
some  mere  youths  that  eloped  from  restraint  to 
join  the  insurgents  :  — 

"GoixG  TO  Join  the  Fenians.  —  During  the  ex- 
citement which  the  announcement  of  a  Fenian  rising 
in  Kerr^'  created  among  the  Irish  residents  of  Liverpool, 
two  little  boys,  of  whom  the  elder  was  not  more  than  nine 
years  of  age,  were  one  evening  missing  from  the  town. 
They  had  been  sent  in  the  morning  to  the  lower  school 
of  the  Liverpool  College,  with  the  quarter's  fees,  so  that 
in  all  they  would  have  between  60s.  and  70s.  in  their 
possession.  Anxious  inquiries  were  made  about  them 
from  day  to  day,  but  no  clue  was  obtained  as  to  their 
whereabouts  until  a  letter  was  received  from  one  of  the 
runaways,  bearing  the  Dublin  post-mark,  and  requesting 
that  they  might  be  fetched  back,  as  they  were  without 
the  means  for  securing  a  return  passage  across  the  Chan- 
nel. The  father  of  one  of  them  proceeded  to  Dublin  by 
the  next  packet,  and  found  the  young  scapegraces  at 
the  place  indicatfed  by  the  letter.  In  answer  to  interro- 
gatories, the  elder  of  the  tivo  said  '  they  went  to  join  the 
Fenians;'  but,  like  many  others  who,  though  with  a 
difierent  object  in  view,  liave  been  searching  for  them, 
they  had  been  unable  to  find  them." — Liverpool  Albion. 

This  circumstance  reminded  me  of  an  occuiTence 
I  during  the  earlier  part  of  the  civil  war  between 
Charles  I.  and  the  Parliament,  when  some  very 
young  gentlemen  were  so  smitten  with  tlie  cha- 
racter of  Prince  Rupert  and  the  love  of  fighting 
as  to  break  through  all  scholastic  bounds,  and  go 
to  the  Prince  at  the  time  when  he  was  in  the 
hey-day  of  his  exploits :  and,  as  ^lay  the  histo- 
rian says,  "  flew  with  great  fury  through  divers 
counties,"  though  in  a  very  different  cause  from  that 
which  lately  excited  our  juvenile  Hibernians. 

Here  is  the  notice  of  this  little  transaction, 
which  I  believe  has  not  hitherto  appeared  in  print. 
I  picked  it  up  some  years  ago  out  of  the  corre- 
spondence of  Sir  "William  Brereton,  the  celebrated 
commander  in  Cheshire  for  the  Parliament.  He 
thought  it  worth}-  of  a  place  among  his  collection 
of  letters :  — 
"  A  Ire  from  M'  Speaker  concerning  2  boyes  prisoners  at 

Tarvin. 
'•'S'-- 

"  Whereas   Will™   St.  Laurence  and  John  Gaudy 
twoe  j'onge  boyes  at  Buiy  in  Siiftolke  ran  away  from 


3'd  S.  XI.  May  11,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


371 


Schoole  to  Prince  Rupert  about  twoe  yeares  agoe,  and  to 
the  intollerable  griefe  of  thej'r  parents  were  nev'  heard  of 
since  till  now  verj'  lately  that  they  heare  they  are  pri- 
soners at  Tarvin  or  thereabouts.  If  yo^  pious  endeavo"'' 
will  bee  pleased  to  second  this  bearer  in  findinge  out 
the  twoe  lost  sheepe  and  helping  their  sad  parents  to  them 
iigaine,  you  will  doe  a  most  charitable  deede  and  thereby 
engage 

"  j'O*'  very  lovinge  ffreind, 
"  W°\  Lenthall, 

"  Speaker. 
"London,  Nov.  6,  1645." 

This  incident  seems  to  have  interested  the  feel- 
ings and  amused  the  gravity  of  the  Speaker  of 
the  Long  Parliament,  as  it  probably  did  that  of  the 
Roundheads  as  well  as  the  Cavaliers  vrho  heard 
of  it,  and  may  perhaps  continue  to  do  so  with 
others  who  read  of  it.  Poor  Eliot  Warburton, 
■who  perished  in  the  burning  of  the  Amazon  at 
sea,  might  have  thought  it  not  imworthy  of  his 
Prince  Rupert  and  the  Cavaliers.  If  you  consider 
it  in  this  light,  you  will  perhaps  give  it  insertion 
in  your  columns.  U.  U. 


WILLIAM  COLLINS.* 
II. 

I  am  now  to  prove  what  I  have  asserted  re- 
specting the  Odes  in  Dodsley's  Collection. 

In  the  first  stanza  of  that  on  "  The  Death  of 
Col.  Ross,"  the  originar reading  was  "sunk  in 
gi'ief;  in  Dodsley  it  is  "  stain' d  with  blood"; 
and  surely  the  former  is  more  appropriate  to 
"Britannia's  Genius." 

The  fourth  stanza  is  — 

"  Blest  j-Quth,  regardful  of  thy  doom, 
Aerial  hands  shall  build  th3^  tomb,. 

With  shadowy  trophies  crown'd  ; 
Whilst  Honour  liath'd  in  tears  shall  rove 
To  sigh  thy  name  through  every  grove, 

And  call  his  heroes  round." 

Por  this  we  have  in  Dodsley  — 

"  O'er  him,  whose  doom  thy  virtu<>s  grieve, 
Aerial  forms  shall  sit  at  eve, 

And  bend  the  pensive  head ; 
And,  fallen  to  save  his  injur'd  land, 
Imperial  Honour's  awful  hand, 

She'll  point  his  lonely  bed." 

Surely  every  reader  must  perceive  the  superiority 
of  the  original  in  every  respect,  more  especially 
in  grammar. 

The  seventh  and  eighth  stanzas  are,  for  some 
reason  which  I  cannot  divine,  omitted  by  Dodsley. 
The  poet  himself  would  not,  I  feel  certain,  have 
struck  out  the  allusion  to  the  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land ;  and  without  the  eighth  stanza  the  "  pic- 
tur'd  glories  "  of  the  ninth  are  not  quite  clear. 

For  the  first  line  of  the  ninth  stanza  — 
"  If  drawn  by  all  a  lover's  art," 

*  Continued  from  page  351. 


Dodsley  has  — 

"  If  weak  to  soothe  so  soft  a  heart," 
which  is  perhaps  better,  but  in  which  is  lost,  it 
may  be,  the  poet's  allusion  to  his  affection  for 
the  lady.  In  the  first  line  of  the  last  stanza, 
"  Where'er "  should  perhaps  be  "  Whene'er." 
In  the  "  Ode  to  Evening  "  we  have  in  the  first 
stanza  of  the  poet's  edition  — 

"  Maj'  hope,  O  pensive  Eve,  to  soothe  thy  ear, 
Like  thy  own  brawling  springs ; " 

in  Dodsley  — 

"  May  hope,  chaste  Eve,  to  soothe  thy  modest  ear, 
Like  thy  own  solemn  springs." 

Now  how  does  "chaste"  apply  particularly  to 
Eve  ?  and  surely,  if  she  was  chaste,  there  was  no 
need  to  say  her  ear  was  "  modest."  "  Brawling,'^ 
as  it  expresses  noise,  is,  I  grant,  not  very  appro- 
priate ;  but  how  could  a  spring  be  "  solemn "  ? 
The  right  word  would  have  been  the  Miltonic 
"warbling." 

In  the  third  stanza  I  think  "  While  air"  is 
better  than  Dodsley's  "Now  air."  The  ninth  is 
in  the  original  — 

"  Then  let  me  rove  some  wild  and  heathy  scene, 
Or  find  some  ruin,  midst  its  dreary  dells, 
Whose  walls  more  awful  nod 
By  thy  religious  gleams," 

where,  by  the  way,  "  Or  "  in  the  second  line  is,  I 
believe,  an  instance  of  the  printer's  usual  con- 
fusion of  or  and  and.  For  this  Dodsley  presents 
us  with  — 

"  Then  lead,  calm  Vot'ress,  whei-e  some  sheety  lake 
Cheers  the  lone  heath,  or  some  time-hallowed  pile, 
Or  upland  fallows  grey 
Reflect  its  last  cool  gleam." 

Can  any  one  make  sense,  or  even  grammar,  of 
this  ?  and  where  else  do  we  meet  with  "  sheety"? 
This  stanza  I  regard  as  decisive  of  the  whole 
question.  It  cannot  have  been  written  by  Collins. 
In  the  next  stanza  there  was  no  need  to  change 
"Or  if"  to  "Whene'er."  Finally,  in  the  last 
stanza,  "smiling  Peace  "  is  ill  replaced  by  "  rose- 
lipped  Health,"  for  what  has  Health  to  do  with 
Eve  ?  and  "  rose-lipped  "  is  rather  too  pretty  for 
Collins.  I  would,  in  fine,  strongly  recommend 
future  editors  to  print  these  two  Odes  exactly  as 
they  are  in  the  poet's  own  edition  of  1746. 

The  "Ode  on  the  Death  of  Thomson"  was 
published,  we  are  told,  in  June  1740,  but  I  know 
not  how  or  by  whom.  Mr.  Wilmott  mentions 
two  editions  or  readings,  one  by  Fawkes  and  the 
other,_  the  established  text,  by  Langhorne;  and 
he,  with  great  good  taste  and  sound  judgment, 
gives  the  preference  to  "grove,"  the  reading  of 
the  former,  over  "  grave,"  that  of  the  latter  in  the 
first  and  the  last  line.  I  trust  that  "  grave  "  will 
no  more  reappear  in  these  lines. 

Mr.  Wilmott  seems  to  think  that  the  Ode  was 
conceived  in  going  up  the  Thames ;  my  conception 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3fdS.  XI.  May  11, '67. 


is,  tliat  it  was  in  going  douii  the  river.  The  theory 
■which  I  formed  on  the  spot  one  evening  many 
years  ago  is,  that  Collins  may  have  heen  one  of  a 
jovial  party  which  dined  on  Eel-pie  Island,  and 
that  after  having  dnmh,  as  was  the  use  in  those 
days,  they  embarked  on  their  return  to  town. 
A  "slight  reaction  of  melancholy  came  probably 
over  the  poet,  and  as  he  gazed  on  the  wooded 
Richmond  Hill  he  thought  of  Thomson,  who  had 
lately  died  there,  and  he,  it  is  likely,  commenced 
his  Ode.  As  the  Thames  makes  a  bend  opposite 
Petersham  Meadows,  he  says,  "slowly  iviuds" ; 
and  the  sedge  which  grew  along  the  Middlesex 
bank  probably  suggested  the  "  deep  bed  of  whis- 
pering reeds."  Pdchmond  church  is  not  visible 
from  the  river,  and  "  yon  whitening  spire  "  was, 
it  is  most  likely,  given  by  the  towers  of  the 
churches  of  Chiswick  and  Putney,  which  he  passed 
as  he  proceeded  down  the  stream,  and  which  are 
built,  I  believe,  of  the  grey-white  Kentish  rag- 
stone. 

The  "Ode  on  the  Superstitions  of  the  High- 
lands "  was  first  printed  in  Edinburgh  from  an 
imperfect  copy  given  by  the  author  to  Home,  to 
whom  it  was  addressed.  A  more  complete  copy 
was  afterwards  published  in  London,  and  that 
this  was  from  the  poet's  hand  is  evident  from 
the  great  superiority  of  the  twelfth  stanza  in  it 
to  that  in  the  earlier  edition.  Strange  to  say,  all 
the  incorrect  and  ungrammatical  passages,  which 
I  shall  notice,  are  to  be  found  in  both  copies ! 

In  the  first  line  "  return  est "  should  be  departcst, 
for  it  might  appear  doubtful  whether  "Home" 
was  a  proper  or  a  common  noun, 

"  'Tis  thine  to  sing  how,  framing  hideous  spells, 
In  Sky's  lone  isle  the  gifted  wizard-seer, 
Lodg'd  in  the  wintrs'  cave  with  Fate's  fell  spear, 
Or  in  the  depth  of  Uist's  dark  forest  dwells." 

(Stanza  iv.) 

What  can  be  the  meaning  of  "Fate's  fell  spear?" 
I  have  not  met  with  it  in  any  system  of  mythology. 
I  have  sometimes  thought  we  should  read  sphere, 
alluding  to  the  sphere  of  Fortmie  j  but  it  does  not 
satisfy. 

"  To  monarchs  dear,  some  hundred  miles  astray.'" 
(Stanza  v.) 

Here,  beyond  question,  the  right  word  is  away, 
and  yet  the  reading  is  the  same  in  both  copies,  and 
Collins  wrote  a  beautiful  hand,  as  legible  as  print. 

"  Ah,  luckless  swain !  o'er  all  unblest  indeed, 
Whom  late  bewilder'd  in  the  dank,  dark  fen. 
Far  from  his  flocks  and  smoking  hamlet  then, 
To  that  sad  spot,  Avhere  hums  the  sedgy  weed." 

(Stanza  vii.) 

These  lines  are  not  good;  "indeed"  and  "then" 
seem  merely  brought  in  for  rhyme-sake,  and  there 
is  no  verb  to  govern  "whom,"  To  make  any 
sense,  we  should  read  Who's  led,  or  Tlliv  strcqis, 
or  something  similar.     But  how  strange  it  is  that 


Collins — for  his  it  must  be — could  have  writteii 
such  a  passage. 

"  Tliey  drain  the  scented  spring." 

"(Stanza  x.) 

Here  "  sainted,"  the  reading  of  the  earlier  im- 
pression, seems  preferable.  Wordsworth  has- 
" sainted  well"  in  his  Prelude. 

"  There  Shakespear's  self,  with  every  garland  ci'own'd. 
Flew  to  those  fairj--climes  his  fancy  sheen. 
In  musing  hour,  his  waj-ward  sisters'found. 
And  with  their  terrors  drest  the  magic  scene." 

(Stanza  xi.) 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  second  line?  Is  it 
that  he  "  flew  his  fancy  "  as  a  boy  flies  his  paper 
kite?  Or  is  "Flew"  used  for  " flown,"  and  the 
line  corresponds  to  the  Latin  ablative  absolute  ? 
By  "  wayward  sisters "  is  meant  the  "  weird 
sisters "  of  Macbeth,  where  in  the  original  folio 
the  word  is  always  "weyard,"  except  in  i.  3, 
where  it  first  occurs,  and  where  it  is  spelt  "  wey- 
ward.''  It  would  be  rather  a  curious  circumstance 
if  Collins  fancied  that  "  wayward  "  was  the  right 
word.  Li  what  edition,  I  wonder,  did  he  read 
the  plaj's  ? 

Here  I  stop,  having  perhaps  wearied  the  reader, 
but,  I  hope,  thrown  some  light  on  the  Odes. 

Thos.  Keightley. 


TWO  CHURCHES  IX  ONE  CHURCHYARD. 

The  state  of  things  shown  in  the  subjoined  ex- 
tract from  the  preamble  of  an  old  Local  Act  (15 
CTeo.  III.  c.  49)  is  so  curious  that  it  may  perhaps 
deserve  a  record  in  "  X.  &  Q." 

By  way  of  improving  matters,  the  Act  goes  on 
to  provide  that  one  of  the  two  chiu-ches  (All 
Saints')  shall  be  pulled  down,  and  that  its  incum- 
bent shall  officiate  in  the  other,  which  is  to  be  the 
parish  church  of  loth  parishes.  Thus,  instead  of 
two  churches  in  one  churchyard,  we  now  have 
two  incumbents  in  one  church  :  and  each  of  them 
appointed  by  a  different  patron.  Even  in  the 
placid  and  somnolent  days  of  the  18th  century, 
this  arrangement  must  have  been  rather  hazard- 
ous ;  and  only  fancy  what  it  would  be  now-a- 
days,  if  one  incumbent  were  a  Eitualist  and  the 
other  an  Evangelical  I  However,  it  is  not  likely 
to  continue  much  longer,  and  that  is  why  I  seek  to 
gibbet  the  memory  of  it  in  your  columns. 

"  Whereas  there  are  within  the  town  of  Fulboume,  in 
the  county  of  Cambridge,  two  parishes,  the  one  called  the 
parish  of  All  Saints,  tlic  other  the  parish  of  Saint  Vigors, 
both  of  which  are  united  in  one  township,  contributing 
in  common  to  the  relief  of  the  poor,  and  having  one  set  of 
officers  for  the  relief  thereof,  and  the  repair  of  their  high- 
ways ;  and  being  also  rated  in  common  for  all  parochial 
charges  and  burthens,  except  for  the  repair  of  the 
churches  belonging  to  each  parish  :  That  in  the  said  town 
there  are  two  c/iiirches  within  the  same  clnirchyard,  the 
one  belonging  to  and  called  the  Rectory  Church  of  Saint 
Vigors,  in  the  patronageof  the  ]Master,Fe"llows,and  Scholars 


S^i  S.  XI.  May  11,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


373 


of  the  College  of  Saint  John  the  Evangelist,  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Cambridge,  the  other  belonging  to  and  called  the 
Vicarage  Church  of  All  Saints,  in  the  patronage  of  the 
Bishop  of  Elj^  each  of  which  churches  is  repaired  by  the 
inhabitants  of  the  respective  parish  to  which  it  belongs  ; 
that  a  great  part  of  the  said  church  of  All  Saints  is  fallen 
doTvn,  and  the  same  cannot  be  made  fit  for  Divine  service 
unless  it  be  entirely  rebuilt,  and  the  said  parish  being 
small,  and  the  inhabitants  thereof  few  in  number,  and  of 
small  property,  they  are  unable  to  rebuild  the  same  :  and 
whereas,  when  the  said  Church  of  All  Saints  was  standing, 
Divine  service  was  never  pei-formed  in  both  the  said 
churches  at  one  and  the  same  time,  but  was  performed 
on  Sundays  at  each  church  alternately  in  the  morning 
and  evening,  and  at  each  alternately  on  holydays,  and 
the  inhabitants  of  both  parishes  were  accommodated  with 
seats  in  each  of  the  said  churches,  but  the  Marriages, 
Christenings,  and  Burials  of  the  inhabitants  of  each 
parish  were  performed  in  their  respective  parish  churches 
while  they  were  both  standing,  and  since  that  time, 
within  the  said  Church  of  Saint  Vigors,  by  pennission  of 
the  rector  thereof." 

A.  J.  M. 


EDWARD  WORTLEY  MONTAGU. 

I  sliould  like  to  perpetuate  in  tlie  pages  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  the  following  narrative.  My  maternal 
gi'andfather,  Joseph  Kemp,  was  a  captain  in  the 
merchant  service.  While  his  ship  was  lying  at 
the  docks,  a  mate  came  and  asked  him  if  they 
wanted  a  lad.  He  said,  "No."  The  mate  said 
there  was  one  that  was  very  anxious  to  come. 
■"  Let  me  see  him,"  said  the  captain.  The  result 
Tvas  that  he  took  him.  It  does  not  appear  that 
-anything  at  the  time  particularly  struck  him. 
However,  after  he  had  been  at  sea  some  time  he 
got  very  uncomfortable,  and  one  day  told  Captain 
Kemp  that  he  wished  to  speak  to  him.  When 
taken  into  his  cabin,  he  told  the  captain  that  he 
was  very  unhappy ;  that  he  was  there  under  false 
colours,  under  an  assumed  name ;  that  the  fact 
was  he  had  rmi  away  from  the  Westminster 
School,  and  had  changed  clothes  with  a  poor  boy ; 
that  his  name  was  Edward  Wortley  Montagu. 
The  cause  of  his  unhappiness  was  that  he  could 
not  keep  his  own  counsel,  but  told  the  crew  who 
he  was,  that  he  was  related  to  a  lord,  &c.,  but 
which  they  did  not  or  would  not  believe,  jeering 
Mm,  and  saying,  "  My  Lord,  do  this,"  and  "  My 
Lord,  do  that,"  so  that  at  last  he  came  to  himself, 
and  resolved  to  speak  to  his  captain. 

The  captain,  a  well-informed  Quaker,  asked  him 
several  particulars,  and  having  answered  him 
satisfactorily,  told  him  he  could  do  nothing  for 
him  then ;  that  he  must  attend  to  his  duty,  and 
await  the  result  of  his  engagement. 

On  Captain  Kemp  arriving  at  Malta  or  Gibral- 
tar, he  sought  an  interview  with  the  admiral  of 
the  station,  and  informed  him  he  had  such  a  boy, 
and  who  he  said  he  was.  The  admiral  replied, 
"  And  no  doubt  what  he  says  is  true,  for  he  has 
been  advertised  for  in  all  the  papers.  Send  him 
to  me."     The  admiral  then  took  charge  of  him, 


and  restored  him  to  his  friends.  When  Captain 
Kemp  saw  him  afterwards,  he  was  handsomely 
dressed  in  velvet,  &c.,  as  became  his  station. 
Although  wild  and  unsettled,  he  was  ever  grate- 
ful to  his  friend  the  captain,  always  addressing 
him  as  father  or  master,  and  paying  him  every 
respect  up  to  the  time  he  quitted  England, 
never  to  return.  Young  Montagu  used  all  the 
influence  he  possessed  to  benefit  his  friend,  and  I 
had  a  letter  of  his  directing  him  to  call  at  the 
Tower  on  the  Duke  of  Montagu,  who  was  then,  I 
believe,  Master-General  of  the  Ordnance.  This 
letter  I  gave  to  the  first  Lord  Wharnclifie,  on 
whom  'I  called,  and  related  the  foregoing  state- 
ment ;  he  said  he  had  no  doubt  it  was  fact. 

I  had  this  account  repeatedly  from  my  own 
mother,  daughter  of  Captain  Kemp,  and  am  fully 
persuaded  of  the  truth  of  it ;  and  a  cousin  now 
living,  ten  years  older  than  myself,  had  it  also 
from  his  mother,  another  and  elder  daughter  of 
the  captain. 

Some  years  back — at  least  forty — I  was  going 
by  coach  to  St.  Alban's,  and  on  asking  if  we  went 


through  Elstree,  a  gentleman  said  "  Y( 


I  then 


related  how  my  mother  and  her  parents  visited 
Edward  Wortley  Montagu  at  Boreham  Wood. 
The  gentleman,  a  Mr.  Baker  of  Bond  Street,  said 
he  lived  in  the  same  house,  &c.  I  then  described 
a  particular  pond  with  a  sloping  bank.  He  said 
it  was  there  still,  and  he  should  be  most  happy 
to  show  me  the  place  if  I  would  call  j  but  I  had 
not  an  opportunity. 

The  circumstance  of  his  entering  on  board  some 
ship  whose  captain  is  described  as  a  "well-in- 
formed Quaker,"  is  recorded  in  some  work  on  re- 
markable persons ;  and  should  any  of  your  readers 
be  able  to  give  its  title,  I  shall  be  much  obliged. 
James  Wright, 
32,  Talbot  Road,  West  Holloway. 

[Mr.  Forster,  who  was  requested  by  the  parents  of 
young  Montagu  to  use  every  possible  means  for  the  dis- 
covery of  the  fugitive  after  his  two  elopements  from  the 
Westminster  School,  published  a  narrative  of  the  occur- 
rences in  the  Public  Ledger,  Oct.  25,  1777.  The  second 
flight,  that  furnished  by  our  correspondent,  was  managed 
more  artfully  than  the  first.  Forster  was  not  aware  that 
his  3'outhful  passenger  had  divulged  his  name  to  the 
Quaker  captain,  although  he  states  there  was  a  mixture 
of  the  parent  and  the  master  in  his  treatment  of  the  lad. 
He  found  him,  as  he  supposed,  a  poor,  deserted,  friendless 
boy;  he  clothed  him  decently,  fed  him  regularly,  and 
made  a  sea-life  as  comfortable  to  him  as  the  nature  of  it 
would  admit.  According  to  Forster's  narrative, "  as  soon 
as  the  vessel  reached  Oporto,  Montagu  decamped.  Not  a 
syllable  of  the  language  did  he  know ;  yet  he  ventured  a 
considerable  distance  up  the  country.  It  was  the  vintage 
season.  He  offered  himself  as  an  assistant  in  any  capa- 
city ;  was  tried,  and  found  very  useful.  For  two  or 
three  years  did  he  continue  in  the  interior  parts  of  Portu- 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  May  11,  6< 


gal ;  and  probably  would  never  have  emerged  from  the  j 
situation  in  which  his  fancy  had  placed  him,  had  not  the  | 
following  incident  led  to  the  discoveiy  of  his  parent-  ] 
age:—  .    I 

"  Young  Montagu  was  ordered  to  drive  some  asses  to 
the  factory.    This  task  was  allotted  him  on  account  of 
some  business  which  was  to  be  transacted  in  the  English  j 
language.    Montagu,  not  dreaming  of  a  discovery,  set  j 
out  with  his  group  of  dull  companions.     The  English 
consul  knew  him  ;  and  his  old  master  the  Quaker  being  | 
there  with  his  vessel,  the  discoveiy  was  complete.    The  ; 
asses  ^vel■e  consigned  to  another  (though  perhaps  not  to 
a  better)   driver.     Montagu  was  brought  home;   when 
Mr.  Forster  interposed.     He  exercised  the  milder  offices 
of  humanity.     He  pleaded  for  the  prodigal  in  the  true 
f;pirit  of  beneficence;  and  called   up   all   the   father  in 
the  bosom  of  the  old  Montagu.     He  offered  to  take  on 
himself  the  trouble  of  bringing  back  the  graceless  wan- 
derer.    Old  Wortley  at  last  consented,  and  the  business 
■was  accomplished.  Private  tuition  was  adjudged  to  be  the 
most  proper ;  and  jMr.  Forster  was  desired  to  complete 
his  education."— Ed.] 


!RoMAN  FuifEREAL  Stoxe.  —  The  readers  of 
'''N.  &;  Q. "  will  be  glad  to  know  that  the  Roman 
funereal  stone  found  at  Ludgate,  behind  the 
London  Coffee  House  during  some  excavations, 
and  which  for  many  years  has  graced  the  back 
yard  of  that  civic  hostel,  has  now  been  most 
generously  restored  to  the  Corporation  and  placed 
by  them  in  their  Museum.  It  is  an  hexagonal 
inscribed  pedestal,  3  feet  11  inches  high,  and 
evidently  the  base  upon  which  a  figure  must  have  | 
been  placed.  It  bears  the  following  inscription 
upon  one  side :  — 

"  D.  M. 

CL  MAETI 

NAE  AN  XIX 

AKEIfCLE 

TVS 

PKOTIIfC 

COKIVGI 

PlgsriSSIMAE 

H.  S.  E." 

"  To  the  Gods  of  the  Shades.    Anencletus  Provincialis 
erected  this  monument  to  his  most  devoted  Avife,  Claudia  j 
Martina,  in  her  nineteenth  year."  j 

Two  fragments  of  sculptured  stone  were  found  i 
■with  this  column :  the  one  is  a  female  head,  and  [ 
the  other  a  part  of  the  body  of  Hercules.     It  is 
figured  in  Roach    Smith's  Roman  London   and 
other  works.  W.  H.  Oveeah. 

Library-,  Guildhall. 

MAPaE-ANTOIJTETTE   AND    THE    GENUINE   LET- 
TERS.— The  Intennerliaire  of  January  25  contains 
the  following  communication  from  the  hihliopkile  \ 
•who   signs  himself  "  P.  L.  Jacob,"   but  whose  '■ 


real  name  is  known  to  be  Paul  Lacroix,  a  literary 
man  of  considerable  reputation :  — 

"AuTOGRAPHES  DEMAniE-ANTOiNETTE. — Les  attaques- 
systematiques,  dirigees  coutre  I'authenticite  de  quelquea- 
lettres  de  Marie-Antoinette,  que  M.  Feuillet  de  Conches 
a  cru  pouvoir  admettre  dans  son  curieux  ouvrage,  ont 
pris  enfin  le  caractere  d'une  coalition  a  la  foi  allemande,„ 
republicaine  et  haineuse,  que  Ton  pouvait  pressentir  des 
I'origine.  M.  H.  de  Sybel  a  ete'  tour  a  tour  le  fifre.  le  tam- 
bour et  le  tam-tam  de  cette  coalition,  avec  laquelle  la: 
discussion  loyale  et  desinteressee  aurait  tort  de  se  mettre- 
en  ligne,  car  il  n'est  pas  pire  sourd  que  celui  qui  ne  veut 
pas  entendre.  M.  H.  de  Sybel  et  autres  n'entendront 
done  pas  que,  pendant  vingt'ans,  lil.  Feuillet  de  Conches 
a  achete,  coute  qui  coute,  toutes  les  lettres  autographos 
de  Marie-Antoinette  qui  ont  paru  dans  les  ventes  pub- 
liques  de  la  France  et  de  I'e'tranger ; — que,  pendant  vingt 
ans,  il  a  egalement  acquis  a  I'aimable,  souvent  a  des  prix 
excessifs,  toutes  les  lettres  de  Marie-Antoinette  qui  lui  on4 
ete  oifertes,  directement  on  par  intermediare ; — que,  pen- 
dant vingt  ans,  il  a  copie  lui-meme,  lors  de  ses  voj-ages 
en  Allemagne,  en  Italic,  en  Russie,  etc.,  toutes  les  lettres 
de  Marie- Antoinette  qui  pouvaient  lui  fournir  les  archives 
de  ces  dififerents  pays,  et  cela,  an  vu  et  au  su  de  tons  les 
amateurs  d'autographes,  de  tous  les  savants  qui  s'occu- 
pent  de  rassembler  des  materiaux  historiques.  Voila  le 
fait  vrai,  simple,  naturel,  brutal,  qu'il  doit  opposer  a  ses 
contradicteurs  et  competiteurs.  Ce  fait  seul  repond  a 
tout,  vis-a-vis  des  juges  eclaires,  impartiaux,  et  bien- 
veillants. — Acceptons  done  la  consequence  inevitable  de 
ce  fait,  consequence  que  M.  Feuillet  de  Conches  pent 
accepter  lui-meme,  sans  diminuer  en  rien  la  valeur  et  le 
nie'rite  de  son  bel  ouvrage :  il  est  possible  que  deux  ou 
trois  lettres  fausses  ou  falsifiees  se  soient  trouvees  an 
nombre  des  lettres  originales  ou  des  copies  que  M.  Feuillet 
de  Conches  a  cues  sous  les  yeux  et  entre  les  mains. 

"  P.  L.  Jacob  {Bibliophile)." 

J.  Mackay. 

"  Robinson  CKrsoE."  —  There  is  a  note  oit 
this  pseudonymous  narrative  in  the  Miscellaneous 
Remains  of  Archhishoj}  Whatchj,  18G5,  p.  332, 
showing  that  it  is  fictitious,  and  not  founded  on 
A.  Selkirk's  adventures,  &c. ;  and  a  pamphlet  ou 
''Princess  Caraboo,"  at  p.  331.  Both  these  notes 
illustrate  tbe  history  of  the  books,  and  would  be 
useful  to  a  bibliographer.  Ralph  Thomas. 

Inscriptions  on  Church  Bells.  —  A  writer  in- 
the  Church  T/wra,  Sept.  2,  18G5,  "  having  referred 
to  337  inscriptions  on  ancient  bells  and  counted 
the  numbers  referring  to  different  saints,"  giyes' 
the  following  as  the  result :  — 

"  S.  INIarv,  05  ;  SS.  .John  B.  and  Ev.  25 ;  Jesus,  23  ; 
S.  Catharine,  21;  Holv  Trinity,  17;  S.  Margaret,  14; 
S.Peter,  1.3;  'Nomen  Domini,'  12;  S.  Gabriel,  12  ;  S. 
Anne,  10;  S.  Augustine,  10 ;  S.  Michael,  10  ;  S.Thomas,. 
9  ;  S.  James,  G  ;  S.  Paul,  5  :  Christ,  4 ;  S.  Xicholas,  4 ; 
S.  George,  4  ;  S.  Andrew,  4 ;  S.  Benedict,  3 ;  S.  Mary 
Magdalene,  3  ;  S.  Martin,  3  ;  S.  Lawrence,  3 ;  S.  Gre- 
gorys 2  ;  S.Giles,  2 ;  S.  Botolph,  2  ;  S.  Oswald,  2  ;  Jesus 
and"  S.  MarA',  2 ;  S.  Lucy,  2 ;  S.  Cuthbert,  2  ;  S.  Antony. 
1 ;  8.  Birinus,  1 ;  S.  Dunstan,  1 ;  S.  Axpollinus,  1  ;  S.  . 
Helen,  1  ;  S.  Kenelm,  1 ;  S.  Agatha,  1 ;  S.  Stephen,  1  ; 
S.  Osmund,  1  ;  S.  Mark,  1 ;  S.  Adred,  1  ;  S.  William  of 
Norwich,  1 :  SS.  Catharine  and  Margaret,  1." 

John  PieaoT,  Jxnsf. 


S'fdS.XI.  May  11, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


Samtjel  I.ee  versus  Cheistopher  Kelly, 
pREEJiASOif,  in  re  "  The  Temple  of  Solomon." — 
Some  years  ago  I  'boug'lit  a  book  thus  entitled : — 
"  Solomon's  Temple  Spiritualized ;  setting  forth  the 
Divine  Mj'steries  of  the  Temple,  with  an  Account  of  its 
Destruction.  Uj'  Christopher  Kelly.  Dublin :  Printed 
by  Brother  William  Folds,  for  the  Author.  1803."— 
Pp.  477,  8vo. 

This  hook  puzzled  me  very  much  when  I  got 
it,  but  I  soon  came  to  the  conclusion,  _^"r«^,  that  it 
was  certainly  some  seventeenth  century  book 
coolly  appropriated  by  our  freemason;  secondly, 
that  it  was  probably  Lee's  book,  which  I  knew 
lay  name  only.  I  forgot  all  about  it  till  the  other 
day,  when,  having  bought  a  copy  of  Lee's  Orhis 
Miraculum,  I  found  my  conjecture  was  correct, 
Kelly's  book  is  a  bodily  abduction  of  the  typical 
part  of  Lee's  work  (from  ch.  ix.  p.  166,  to  the  end), 
omitting  the  learned  quotations  throughout,  and 
the  Epilogue  at  the  end.  Lee's  Dedication  "  To 
the  Rev.  and  Learned,  the  AVarden,  Fellows,  and 
Students  of  Wadham  Colledge,  in  the  Famous  and 
Flourishing  University  of  Oxford,"  is  converted 
by  Kelly  into  an  "  Address  to  all  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted Masons."  This  is  followed  by  a  list  of 
subscribers  to  the  work,  and  then  comes  a  short 
and  incoherent  advertisement  "  To  the  Reader," 
subscribed  "  Sirs,  your  most  aifectionate  and  most 
humble  servant,  Christopher  Kelly."  The  first 
part  of  the  title  is  Banyan's,  the  second  part  is 
Lee's.  The  whole  reprint,  I  may  add,  abounds  in 
omissions  and  errors  of  various  kinds. 

I  make  this  Note,  as  it  relates  to  a  very  learned, 
interesting,  and  valuable  work;  and  as  a  little 
contribution  to  Mr.  Power's  Irish  Bibliography. 
EiEioXiSrAcn. 

Heraldry.  —  The  Rev.  Father  Apollinaire 
Dellion,  the  "  gardien  "  of  the  Franciscan  Con- 
vent at  St.  Maurice  (Valais),  Switzerland,  is  at 
-present  engaged  on  a  work  to  be  entitled  "  Armo- 
riel  Historique  du  Canton  du  Valais."  The  j)rice 
will  be  twenty  francs,  and  subscriber's  names  can 
be  sent  to  the  editor  at  the  above  address.  The 
plates  will  be  printed  in  colours  from  the  original 
■drawings  by  Father  Apollinaire,  and  will  be  in 
the  same  style  of  elegance  as  are  those  in  the 
Armoire  da  Canton  de  Fribourg — a  work  from  the 
.i5ame  learned  and  accomplished  author. 

J.  PL  Dixox. 

Plorence. 

A  CoRP  Crk  or  Criadh.  —  Please  find  a  nook 
for  the  following:  — 

"  A  correspondent  of  the  Inverness  Courier  states  that 
a  corp  ere  or  criadh  was  discovered  in  a  stream  in  that 
•county  about  a  fortnight  ago.  The  body  Avas  of  clay, 
into  which  were  stuck  "the  nails  of  human  beings,  birds' 
claws,  bones,  pins,  hair,  &c.  It  was  partly  covered  in  a 
black  apron,  and  had  an  old  hat  on  its  head.  The  super- 
stition is  that  the  person  so  represented  would  waste  away 
•proportionately  with  the  decay  of  the  image."  —  The 
Guardian,  April  3,  1867. 

A.  O.  V.  P. 


"  Dodgi^a's  Grove."  —  The  Key  of  Bodona's 
Grove,  or  the  Vocall  Forest,  by  James  Howell, 
Esq.    London,'  1650  :  — 

Altapin The  Prince  Elector. 

Aniira The  Empresse  of  Germany. 

Ampelona France. 

Anilmoth James  Duk  of  Hamiltoun. 

Archne Queene  Mother  of  England. 

Aulalba Whythall  at  Loudon. 

Breort Prince  Rupert. 

Bumelia Sweden. 

Gardenia Scotland. 

Cedar The  Emperor  of  Germany. 

Colmort New-castell. 

Classicans  (.*)      ....  The  Presbiterians. 

Count  Castelnuovo  (.')      ,  Tbe  Marquis  of  Newcastle. 

Count  Testorio    ....  The  Marquis  of  Worcester. 

Druina England. 

Elyana Spayne. 

The  Elms  and  Poplars     .  The  Lords  and  Comons. 

Firre The  King  of  Denmark. 

Galliport   ' Portugal. 

Hamoth Sir  Johne  Hotham."] 

Hydromania Holland. 

Ivie The  Pope. 

Leoncia Flanders. 

Lurana Ireland. 

Maronists The  Catholiques. 

Monticolia Wales. 

Niewros Windsore  Castle. 

Oke King  Charles  the  First. 

Olive The  King  of  Spain. 

Ousburg York. 

Petrillia The  Rochell. 

Petropolis Rome. 

Ramundus Cardinell  Richlieu. 

Rhenusium Germany. 

Rhodophil The  Earle  of  Strafford. 

Rocelino The  Princ  of  Walles. 

Sycomer The  Deuk  of  Lorraine. 

Tamisond London. 

Vilerio The  late  Duk  of  Buckingham. 

Vyne The  French  King. 

Warbick Berwick. 

Willous The  Hollanders. 

Yewes The  Bisshopes. 

W.  B.  A.  G. 

DuN^CE.  —  The  following  letter,  which  has  ap- 
peared in  a  local  paper,  may  perhaps  interest 
many  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q. :  "  — 

"  DERIVATION  OF  '  DUNCE.' 

[To  the  Editor  of  the  Newcastle  Daily  Journal.'] 
"  Sir, — Notice  has  lately  been  taken  by  the  press  of  a 
book  published  by  Chambers,  on  the  origin  of  words,  and 
several  papers  have  given  some  extracts  in  their  literary 
columns.  Amongst  others,  I  have  noticed  the  article 
'  Dunce,'  meaning  one  stupid  or  slow  to  learn,  -(S'hich  is 
said  to  have  originated  as  an  expression  of  derision, 
such  as  '  you  are  another  Duns,'  from  John  Duns  Scotus, 
the  mostlearned  man  of  his  time,  which  was  in  the  12tli 
or  13th  century.  John  Duns  Scotus  was  born  at  Dunse, 
in  Berwickshire,  but  there  are  other  places  which  claim  to 
be  his  birthplace,  all  of  which,  I  think,  could  be  answered 
thus : — That  surnames  in  his  time  were  not  in  general 
use,  and  he  might  in  going  abroad  be  named  from  his 
birthplace,  John  from  Dunse  in  the  Scot.  John  Duns 
Scotus  was  born  in  the  old  town  of  Dunse,  to  the  west  of 
Dunse  Law,  of  which  no  vestige  now  remains,  the  to^vn 
having  been  several  times  burned  during  the  border  wars. 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S"--!  S.  XI.  aiAY  11,  '67. 


The  site  of  the  town  is  now  grass  parks,  known  as  the  Brun- 
tons,  a  contraction  of  Burntown,  The  spot  where  Duns 
Scotus  was  born  is  pointed  out  as  being  covered  by  a  holly 
hedge,  between  two  of  the  Duns  Castle  lodges.  An  old 
painting  (said  to  be  authentic)  of  John  Duns  Scotus 
hangs  in  the  Dunse  Town  Hall.  The  present  town  was 
the  birthplace  of  the  Eev.  Thomas  Boston,  author  of  The 
Fourfold  State;  and  of  Mr.  M'Crie,  author  of  Tlie  Life 
of  John  Knox.  The  town  or  immediate  vicinity  has  also 
given  two  lord  mayors  to  London  in  the  present  century. 
It  was  in  Dunse  church  that  Burns  observed  the  '  louse 
on  the  lady's  bonnet.'  Dunse  Law,  to  the  north  of  the 
town,  commands  a  splendid  view.  The  trains  can  be 
seen  passing  Berwick  bridge  fifteen  miles  distant,  with  the 
sea  beyond ;  Xorham  Castle ;  Flodden  Field,  backed  by  the 
Cheviots;  Home  Castle,  near  Kelso;  the  Eildon  Hills; 
and  far  behind,  in  verj^  clear  weather,  some  hills  said  to 
he  in  Dumfriesshire ;  while  at  your  feet  lies  the  garden  of 
Scotland,  the  Merse,  and  the  Yale  of  the  Tweed. — I 
am,  &c.  "  Jajies  Fairbairx. 

"Market  Street,  Newcastle,  loth  April,  1867." 

Phiiom. 

Hydeophobia. — Former  pages  of  "N.  &  Q." 
have  contained  memoranda  as  to  tlie  smothering 
of  hydrophobic  patients.  Please  add  this  to  the 
number :  — 

"  A  little  daugrhter  of  Mr.  Alfred  Woodruff,  of  the  town 
of  Greenfield,  ISIichigan,  having  been  seized  with  hydro- 
phobia, a  consultation  was  held  by  physicians,  who  de- 
cided that,  as  the  siifferer  could  not  possibly  survive, 
every  consideration  of  humanity  demanded  that  her  suf- 
ferings be  ended  by  some  means,  in  accordance  with 
which,  during  a  severe  paroxysm,  the  child  was  smothered 
to  death."— r/ie  Guardian,  April  3,  1867. 

A.  0.  V.  P. 


CBuoriejS. 


ANONYMOtrS. — 


1.  The  Times,  Places,  and  Persons,  of  the  Holie  Scrip- 
ture, otherwise  entitled  "  The  General  View  of  the  Hoi}- 
Scriptures."  At  London  :  Printed  for  Richard  Ockould, 
An.  Dom.  1G07. 

The  above  work  is  in  4to,  pp.  241.  I  shall  feel 
obliged  if  some  of  the  readers  of  "  N,  &  Q."  will 
tell  me  who  was  the  author  of  it,  aud  from  what 
version  of  the  Scriptures  the  quotations  are  taken. 
I  think  it  must  be  a  scarce  work. 

2.  Heraclitus  Christianus,  or  the  Man  of  Sorrows ; 
being  a  reflection  on  all  states  and  conditions  of  human 
life.    1677. 

Who  is  the  author  of  this  work  ? 

Sydenham. 

Cottle  Family.  —  Cottell  (modern  Cottle),  of 
North  Tawton  aud  Yeolmbridge,  co.  Devon 
(Heralds'  Visitation  of  1620.)  Has  any  member 
of  this  family  a  continuation  of  the  pedigree  other 
than  that  to  1G93  in  Heralds'  College  ?  Or  can 
give  any  information,  &c.,  relating  to  the  Devon, 
Somerset,  or  Cornish  branches?  Arms:  Or,  a 
bend  gules.  Crest:  A  leopard  out  of  a  ducal 
coronet,  (fee.  C. 


P.  Beislt. 


Eton  College. — I  have  been  told  by  a  gentle- 
man who  was  a  scholar  at  Eton  College  about 
1832-36,  that  at  that  time  plays  were  acted  by 
the  scholars ;  and  it  would  appear  that  there 
were  some  original  pieces  written  or  adapted  by 
the  boys  for  these  school  performances.  Can  any 
reader  who  is  an  old  Etonian  give  the  names  of 
any  of  the  authors  ?  R.  I. 

Emmet. — 

"  Well,  then,  for  all  those  treasons  what  motive  is 
alleged  ?  Ambition !  Had  I  been  ambitious,  my  fellow 
citizens,  it  would  have  been  easy  enough  for  me,  with  my 
education,  my  fortune,  the  rank  and  consideration  of  my 
family,  to  seat  myself,  one  day,  among  the  haughtiest  of 
3'our  oppressors." 

I  have  made  the  above  extract  from  a  small 
Irish  sensational  penny  paper,  for  the  purpose  of 
asking  on  what  heraldic  or  genealogical  grounds 
Robert  Emmet  asserted  the  rank  of  his  family 
to  be  equal  to  that  of  the  highest  nobility  of 
England  ?  S. 

Gkapes. — Were  grapes  much  used  at  the  table 
among  the  ancients  ?  I  copy  the  question  from 
Pegge  (Anoni/7)7iana,  cent.  viii.  art.  iv.),  who 
answers  it  in  the  negative.  S.  W.  P. 

New  York. 

LoED  Hailes.  —  I  should  be  glad  to  know- 
where  the  following  beautiful  epitaph,  written  by 
Lord  Hailes  (Sir  David  Dabymple)  on  his  wife 
and  twin-children,  is  to  be  foimd  —  whether  on  a 
monumental  tablet,  or  in  one  of  his  numerous 
published  volumes  ?  — 

"  Yidi  gemellos,  et  superbi^-i  parens 
Fausti  decus  puerperi ; 
At  mox  sub  uno  flebilis  vidi  parens, 

Condi  gemellos  cespite  ! 
Te  dulcis  uxor !    Ut  mihi  sol  accidit, 

Eadiante  desectus  polo ! 
Obscura  vitse  nunc  ego  per  avia 
Solus  ac  dubius  feror." 
Of  which  I  append  a  translation,  which  has  never 
been  published :  — 

"  Twin-babes  were  mine  ;  and  with  a  father's  piide, 
I  hail'd  the  omen  as  a  happy  birth  ; 
Alas!  how  soon  the  tender  blossoms  died. 

And  bow'd  the  stem  that  bore  them  to  the  earth. 
Ah,  my  lov'd  wife  !  my  tears  bewail  the  doom. 
Which  gave  our  babes  and  thee  to  one  cold  tomb ! 
I  live ;  but  drear  and  darksome  is  my  way ; 

My  life's  bright  sun  is  set — to  rise  no  more  ; 
Thro'  lonely  wilds  forlorn  and  sad  I  straj', 
A  homeless  wanderer  on  life's  desert  shore." 

F.B. 

South  Yoekshire:  Jacksoi^'s  MANrscKiPx 
Book  op  Peecedeis'ts. — In  various  places  through- 
out Hunter's  History  of  South  Yorkshire,  the 
author  refers  to  a  MS.  volume  of  precedents  or 
copies  of  deeds,  &c.,  belonging  to  John  Jackson  of 
Edderthorpe,  near  Barnsley,  an  attorney  in  great 
local  practice  in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  who 
died  in  1590.  Can  anyone  inform  me  where  thi& 
MS.  is  now?  '  C.J. 


3^1  S.  XL  May  11, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


377 


Jewish  Fixes  asd  Penalties. — The  follow- 
ing extract,  from  Willet's  Hexapla  in  Gcnesia, 
London,  1632,  on  toleration  (?)  to  the  Jews,  is 
very  characteristic  of  the  religious  love  of  our 
forefathers,  even  the  very  hest  of  them.  It  is  a 
doctrinal  note  in  Gen.  xlii.  17,  showing  "  how  the 
Jewes  should  he  intreated  at  the  hands  of  Chris- 
tian Princes."     This  is  the  Christian  way :  — 

"  Yer.  17.  'So  he  put  them  in  ward  three  daies.' — 
JRupertus  would  have  this  proceeding  of  Joseph  against 
his  brethren,  to  he  a  pattern  for  Christian  Princes  how 
they  should  intreat  the  Jewes  :  that  as  Joseph  doth  only 
imprison  them,  and  handle  them  roughly,  to  bring  them 
to  Icnowledge  and  confession  of  their  treachery  against 
him  :  so  Christian  governors  should  not  put  the  Jewes  to 
death,  but  use  them  hardly,  by  laying  taxes  and  imposi- 
tions upon  them,  that  at  the  length  they  may  be  brought 
to  repentance  for  their  blasphemies  against  Christ,  as  it 
is  in  the  Psalrae  :  '  Slay  them  not,  lest  my  people  forget, 
it,  but  scatter  them  abroad  by  thy  power,'  Psal.Jix.ll. — 
Eupert.  lib.  ix.  Commetit.  in  Gen." 

Very  convincing  argument,  no  doubt ;  hut  Shy- 
lock's  philosophy,  taking  a  practical  turn,  over- 
turns the  dialectics  of  the  D.D. :  — 

"  Take  my  life  and  all,  pardon  not  that ; 
You  take  my  house,  when  you  do  take  the  prop 
That  doth  sustain  nij'  house.    You  take  my  life 
When  you  do  take  the  means  whereby  I  live." 

Having  written  this  by  way  of  preface,  I  wish 
to  hang  the  following  queries  upon  it :  — 

1.  Is  there  any  authentic  work  on  the  fines  and 
imprisonments,  &c.,  inflicted  on  the  Jews  by  our 
rulers  in  the  early  days  of  our  history  ? 

2.  Are  any  of  the  chartce  accumulated  in  the 
Scaccarium  (iiscus)  Judaorum,  named  by  Camden, 
to  be  found  in  the  Public  Records  Oflice  ? 

3.  When  was  the  Domus  Conversorum  for  con- 
verted Jews  converted  into  Rolls  Court  offices  ? 
Was  there  any  fomidation,  and  what  became  of 
the  institution  ? 

4.  Was  Aaron  the  Jew,  of  Lincoln,  in  Hen.  11,'s 
time — from  whom  large  sums  were  exacted — any 
way  connected  with  Aaron  of  York  in  Hen.  III.'s 
time,  from  whom  very  large  sums  were  wrung ; 
and  who  was  subsequently  fined  by  the  king  in 
100  marks  a-year.  to  be  quit  durino*  life  of 
tallage?  ^ 

One  more  query,  and  I  have  done.  It  is  said 
that  in  Ireland  the  Jew  never  was  persecuted! 
Was_  it  from  a  more  exalted  view  of  civil  and 
religious  libertj'-,  or  because  the  Jew  was  an  ab- 
sentee from  that  country  ?  I  am  rather  inclined 
to  think  that  the  Jew  was  a  non-resident  in 
Ireland  until  late  years.  George  Lloyd. 

Darlington. 

Legend  of  the  Book  of  Job. — Bouchet,  in  his 
Letters  on  Religious  Ceremonies  (in  India),  gives 
us  a  legend  bearing  much  remarkable  similarity  to 
the  Book  of  Job.  Can  any  of  your  contributors 
throw  any  light  on  the  origin  and  age  of  this 
iegend  ?  W.  Pickard. 


MoNTEZtrM a's  Golden  Cup.  —  In  note  liii.  to 
vol.  ii.  of  Robertson's  America,  4to,  1777,  he 
says : — 

"  The  only  unquestionable  specimen  of  Mexican  art 
that  I  know  of  in  Great  Britain  is  a  cup  of  very  fine 
gold,  which  is  said  to  have  belonged  to  Montezuma.  It 
weighs  5  oz.  12  dwts.  Three  drawings  of  it  were  ex- 
hibited to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  June  10,  17G5.  A 
man's  head  is  represented  on  this  cup — on  the  one  side 
the  full  face,  on  the  other  the  profile,  on  the  third  the 
back  of  the  head.  The  relievo  is  said  to  have  been  pro- 
duced by  punching  the  inside  of  the  cup,  so  as  to  make 
the  representation  of  a  face  on  the  outside.  The  features 
are  rude,  but  verj^  tolerable,  and  certainlj'-  too  rude  for 
Spanish  worltmanship.  This  cup  was  purchased  by 
Edward,  Earl  of  Oxford,  while  he  lay  in  the  fleet  under 
his  command,  and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  his  grand- 
son, Lord  Archer.  I  am  indebted  for  this  information  to 
ray  respectable  and  ingenious  friend,  Mr,  Barrington." 

Is  it  known  where  this  remarkable  relic  is  now? 
I  do  not  remember  to  have  heard  of  it  or  seen  it 
in  any  of  the  exhibitions  where  the  kindness  and 
liberality  of  the  possessors  of  such  things  has 
brought  them  of  late  years  before  the  public  eye.  I 
have  no  means,  at  the  present  moment,  of  tracing- 
out  the  genealogy  of  Lord  Archer's  successors, 
though  probably  known  to  many  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q..,"  and  therefore  enabling  them  to  assign 
the  most  likely  cabinet  for  the  ownership  of 
Montezuma's  golden  cup. 

I  have  looked  over  the  index  to  Daines  Bar- 
rington's  Miscellanies,  but  can  find  no  allusion  to 
it  there.  However,  from  a  narrative  in  regard  to 
the  King  of  Spain  and  his  collection  of  natural 
historjr,  and  certain  claims  for  reciprocity  in  these 
matters,  it  is  likely  that  Mr.  Barrington  may  have 
had  some  special  reasons  for  interesting  himself  in 
an  object  of  Mexican  art.  See  edition  1784,  4to, 
p.  276. 

From  interest  in  Montezuma's  personal  history, 
the  cup  which  (if  genuine)  was  used  by  him 
would  have  no  slight  attraction,  and  I  should 
much  like  to  hear  of  its  present  resting-place. 

Francis  Trench. 

IsHp  Rectorj'. 

Obsolete  Phrases.  —  I  shall  feel  obliged  if 
some  of  j^our  readers  will  give  me  the  meaning  of 
the  following  phrases  or  words  in  italics,  viz. :  — 

"  The  constable  came  with  a  backe  on  his  hill, 
And  because  they  were  gone,  he  did  them  kill." 
J.  P.  Collier's  reprint  of  TJie  Tyde  taryeth  no  Mmi. 

"  Here's  cambric,  theutin,  and  calico  for  you." — Mrs. 
Centlivre,  Perplexed  Lovers,  Act  IV. 

"  Do  5'ou  think  it  possible  to  lose  a  traute  and  leva,  a 
quinze  leva,  and  a  sept  leva,  and  never  turn  once."  —  Id. 
Basset-Table,  Act  IV. 

"  The  dirtiest  trollup  in  the  town  must  have  her  top- 
knot and  tickin-shoes." — Id.  The  Artifice,  Act  III. 

"  I,  Robert  Moth,  this  tenth  of  our  king. 
Give  to  thee,  Joan  Potluck,  my  biggest  crw?H/)e-ring." 
Wm.  Cartwright,  The  Ordinary,  Act  III.  Sc.  1. 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s,  XI.  BUY  11,  'e?. 


*'  Hang  thinking,  'snigs,  I'l  be 
^s  merry  as  a  pismire  ;  come  let's  in.'' 

Wni.  Cartwright,  The  Ordinary,  Act  III.  S.  4. 
"  Antonio  you  are  like  to  wed,  or  heat  the  hoof,  Gentle- 
woman, or  turn  poor  Clare,  and  Aye.  a  begging  nun." — 
Mrs.  Behn,  False  Count,  Act  I.  Sc.  2. 

"  May  I  turn  Franciscan,  if  I  could  not  find  in  my 
heart  to  do  penance  in  champhire  posset  this  month  for 
this." — Id.  Amorous  Prince,  Act  IV.  Sc.  4. 

"  Fine  desperate  rogues,  rascals  that  for  a  pattacooii  a 
man  will  iight  their  fathers."  —  Id.  Forced  Marriage, 
Act  II.  Sc.  4. 

"  Come,  gentlemen,  one  bottle,  and  then  we'll  toss  the 
stocken." — Id.  Lucky  Chance,  Act  II.  Sc.  2. 

"  Thej'  [i.  e.  men]  are  the  greatest  hahelards  in 
nature."— Id.  Sir  Fatient  Fancy,  Act  I.  Sc.  1. 

"  Were  I  querimonioun,  I  should  resent  the  affront  this 
bnlatroon  has  otfer'd  me." — Ihid.  Act  V.  Sc.  1. 

CoK^*ELIus  Paes'E,  Jux. 

Plats  at  Exglish  Geammab  Schools.  — 
During  tlie  last  twenty  years  the  good  old  custom 
of  the  hoys  acting  a  play  before  breaking  up  of 
the  school  at  the  Midsummer  or  Christmas  holi- 
days, has  been  gi-eatly  revived.  I  give  below  the 
names  of  a  few  grammar-schools  where  these 
school  plays  have  been  performed.  Would  any 
of  your  coiTespondents  favour  me  with  additional 
names  of  schools  or  colleges,  or  inform  me  as  to 
any  original  dramatic  sketches,  prologues  or  epi- 
logues—Latin, French,  or  English — written  for 
these  school  performances  ?  —  Appleby  School, 
"Westmoreland,  in  1855 ;  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  1857 ; 
Carlisle  School,  Cumberland,  during  the  last  two 
or  three  years  ;  Cheltenham  College,  in  Dec.  18C6, 
She  Stoojis  to  Conquer  and  St.  Patrick'' s  Day,  acted 
by  the  scholars;  Grantham  School,  in  1864 
Harlow,  Essex,  St.  Mary's  College,  in  18G4 
Hurstpierrepoint,  St.  John's  College,  in  1865 
Launceston  School,  Cornwall,  frequently  during 
the  last  few  years ;  Newcastle-on-Tyne  Grammar 
School,  a  French  play  acted  in  June,  1855 ;  Oak- 
ham School,  Rutland,  frequently  during  the  last 
few  years;  Wigan  School,  Lancashire,  in  June, 
1863;  Winchester  College,  Dec.  1866  —  1  have 
a  copy  of  the  play-bill  of  this  performance :  an 
original  epilogue,  containing  some  clever  hits  at 
Messrs.  Bright  and  Co.,  was  written  expressly 
for  the  occasion  by  one  of  the  masters.         E.  I, 

To  CRY  "Roast  Meat."— In  Mr.  Locker's iyra 
Elegantiannn,  recently  published,  there  is  a  piece 
called  "The  Country  Wedding "  (the  author  un- 
known), which  begins  thus, — 

"  All  you  that  e'er  tasted  of  Swatfal-Hall  beer, 
Or  ever  cried  '  roast  meat'  for  having  been  there." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  "crying  roast  meat"? 
Is  it  a  phrase  stiU  in  use  ?     And  where  is  or  was 
SwatfalHall.? 
In  the  fourth  stanza  we  are  told  of  Betty  that 


"  Though  in  some  things  she  was  short  of  the  fox. 
It  is  said  she  had  twenty  good  pounds  in  her  box."' 

What  is  it  to  be  "  short  of  the  fox  "  P 

Jaxdee, 

RoBUfS.  —  In  a  letter  of  Mr.  John  Coventry 
(son  of  the  Lord  Keeper),  of  1640,  the  writer 
being  then  a  candidate  for  Somersetshire,  in  ther 
interest  of  the  Court,  his  opponents  are  spoken  of 
as  "  Robins."  Mr.  Smyth  and  Mr.  Alexander 
Popham,  the  anti-Court  candidates,  are  said  to  be- 
"pitched  upon  by  the  Robins."  Is  anything 
known  of  this  term  for  the  opponents  of  Charles  I. 
on  the  eve  of  the  meeting  of  the.  Long  Parlia- 
ment ?    Or  was  it  local  ?  C. 

ScAR^DrNAviAJf  Liteeatfee.  —  AVould  your 
Copenhagen  correspondent,  Pkoeessoe  Stephens, 
oblige  me  by  answering  any  of  the  following: 
queries  relating  to  Scandiuavian  dramatic  litera- 
ture ?  — 

Klemming's  Chronological  Catalogue  of  Sicc- 
dish  Dramatic  Literature.  I  have  seen  Part  I., 
Stockholm,  1863,  with  list  of  plays  to  1793.  Is 
Part  II.  published  ? 

Danish  and  Koncer/ian  Authors  :  — 

1.  0.  F.  Muller,  'born  1730,  died  1784 :  an 
eminent  zoologist ;  author  of  Frode  den  fredegode, 
a  pastoral  for  the  Jubilee  Festival,  1700,  Copen- 
hagen. 

2.  Chas.  G.  Bjering,  bom  1731,  died  1776; 
author  of  Galatea,  a  pastoral,  1767 ;  also,  Deti 
Forvandlede  Egehron,  a  pastoral.  See  Nyerup  and 
Kraft's  Lexicon.  Are  the  pieces  of  these  two 
Danish  poets,  called  '•  pastorals,"  jjastoral dramas? 

3.  Nicolina  Suudt,  a  Norwegian  poetess ;  au- 
thor of  "Storst  Anne"  and  "Vesle  Anne,"  an 
idyl,  occupj'ing  two  numbers  of  The  Illustrated' 
Neics'  sheet,  1854.  This  is  named  in  Langes 
Norshe  Forf alter  Lexicon.  Is  this  idyl  a  dramatic 
piece  ?  R.  I. 

Chief-Jitstice  Sceoggs.  —  In  the  late  Lord 
Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Cliief  Justices  it  is  stated, 
that  the  "  infamous  Scroggs,"  having  retired  afteii 
his  dismissal  to  a  country  seat  he  had  purchased 
at  Weald,  in  Essex,  died  at  that  place  in  1683^ 
and  was  buried  in  the  parish  church ;  the  parson, 
sexton,  and  undertaker  being  the  only  person;? 
attending. 

It  is  added  that  — 

"  He  left  no  descendants ;  and  he  must  either  have  been  the 
last  of  his  race,  or  his  collateral  relations,  ashamed  of  their 
connection  with  him,  must  have  changed  their  name  ; 
for,  since  his  death,  there  have  been  no  Scroggses  in 
Great  Britain.  The  word  was  long  used  hy  nurses  to 
frighten  children ;  and,  so  long  as  our  historj'  is  studied, 
or  our  language  spoken  or  read,  it  will  call  up  the  imagc- 
of  a  base  and  bloody-minded  villain." 

The  character  of  the  Chief  Justice  is  aptly  and 
forcibly  summarised  by  his  noble  successor,  who 
has  moreover  established,  to  the  conviction  of  his- 


3rd  s.  XL  May  11,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


379 


readers,  that  many  of  Sir  William's  judicial  con- 
temporaries were  his  "  compeers  "  in  every  sense. 
The  object  of  this  communication  is  to  inquire 
what  is  the  authority  for  stating  that  Scroggs  was 
"in  old  age  a  solitary  bachelor."  In  Morant's 
JEdsex  we  find  that  the  son  of  the  Chief  Justice 
conveyed  the  estate  of  Weald  to  Erasmus  Smith, 
Esq.,  of  the  City  of  Loudon,  from  whose  grand- 
son, the  Earl  of  Derby,  it  was  purchased  in  1759 

by Towers,  Esq.     Is  it  true  that  the  name 

of  "  Scroggs  "  has  been  imknown  during  the  last 
184  years  ?  M.  A. 

Seafoed. — Horsfield,  describing  Seaford  Church 
(Sussex,  vol,  i.)  records :  — 

"  In  1778,  in  digging  up  the  foundations  of  the  old 
chancel,  two  cofnn  stones  were  found,  with  handsome 
crosses  carved  on  them  :  a  third  was  found  close  to  the 
outer  wall.  The  cist  which  the  latter  covered  contained 
sixteen  skulls.  The  cover  is  fixed  in  the  north  wall,  and 
one  of  the  others  in  the  south  wall.  ...  In  the  church  is 
preserved  the  remains  of  an  old  wooden  rail  monument, 
which  formerlj^  adorned  the  churchj'ard.  It  contains,  in 
alto-relievo  letters,  the  following  puzzling  memorial :  — 
'  In  memory  of  Mary,  wife  of  Richard  Stevens,  who  lived 
a  married  life  together  xlvii  years.  She  died  January  1", 
JiDCCLXXxi,  aged  Ixviii  j-ears.  Also,  near  this  place. 
He  two  mothers,  three  grandmothers,  four  aunts,  four 
sisters,  four  daughters,  four  granddaughters,  three 
cousins— but  vi  persons  :  — 
'  Our  peaceful  graves  shall  keep  our  bones  till  that  great 

•lay, 
And  we  shall  wake  from  a  long  sleep  and  leave  our  bed 

of  clay.'  " 

When  on  a  recent  visit  to  Seaford,  I  went  in 
quest  of  anything  worth  noting,  and  especially  to 
see  the  above-mentioned  reliques.  I  was  sur- 
prised to  find  so  little  worthy  of  notice,  and  that 
what  was  no  longer  existed.  I  was  additionally 
surprised  and  indignant  when  informed,  that  the 
"  wooden  rail  monument "  had  long  since  disap- 
peared; the  "coffin  stones"  were  nowhere;  and 
the  "  cist"  lay  in  a  corner,  where  it  was  placed 
by  one  who  deserves  the  thanks  of  archaeologists 
for  rescuing  it  from  doing  duty  to  the  enlightened 
inhabitants  of  the  town  as  a  dust  bin,  to  which  use 
they  had  originally  turned  it. 

This  cist,  or  coffin,  is  hewn  out  of  a  solid  block 
of  stone,  the  interior  being  divided  into  two 
chambers:  the  one  for  the  body,  and  the  other 
(circular)  for  the  head,  but  connected  by  a  nar- 
row channel  for  the  neck.  How  did  this  coffin 
ever  become  filled  with  skulls  ? 

It  is  not  surprising  that  there  is  such  a  lack  of 
interesting  or  ancient  monuments  in  or  about  the 
church,  when  one  learns  that  the  Vandals  of  the 
town  and  neighbourhood  were  in  the  habit  of 
supplying  themselves  with  flag-stones  from  the 
graveyard,  and  that,  at  the  restoration  of  the 
church  in  1861-2,  they  were  not  prevented  from 
carrying  off  cart-loads  of  tombstones  ;•  and  I  am 
credibly  informed  that  quantities  of  human  bones 


were  also  removed,  and  actually  sold  to  the  rag 
shops.  In  fact,  the  worthy  inhabitants  of  this 
ancient  borough  and  cinque-port  appear  more 
barbarous  in  the  nineteenth  century  than  their 
forefathers  were  "  before  the  time  of  Julius 
Cfesar." 

I  would  suggest  to  archaeologists  and  anti- 
quaries that  they  should  watch  over  the  rebuild- 
ings  and  restorations  of  ancient  edifices  in  their 
respective  counties,  in  order  to  protect  interesting 
memorials  of  past  ages  from  the  hands  of  more 
rapid  destroyers  than  time,  /.  e.  builders  and  their 
satellites. 

Will  some  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q"  give  a 
complete  solution  of  the  puzzling  inscription  pre- 
viously quoted.  Lioji.  F, 

Family  op  Sergison.— Required,  the  father  of 
Charles  Sergison,  who  was  born  1654  and  died 
1732.  Charles  Sergison  was  member  for  Shore- 
ham,  CO.  Sussex,  and  a  commissioner  of  the  nav3^ 
His  sister  married  Mr.  Brunskill  of  Stanemore 
Dale,  Westmoreland.  Charles  Sergison  married 
Anne,  daughter  of  a  Mr.  Crawley,  who  was  also 
a  commissioner  in  the  navy.  He  bequeathed  his 
estate  at  Cuckfield,  Sussex,  to  his  grand-nephew, 
Thomas  Warden  (son  of  Thomas  and  Prudence 
Warden),  who  has  left  a  declaration  in  the  Heralds' 
College  that,  being  required  by  the  will  of  his 
great-uncle  (Charles  Sergison)  to  assume  the  arms 
of  Sergison,  he  found,  much  to  his  surprise,  that 
there  were  no  arms  registered  in  the  college  in 
that  name.  Mr.  Warden  proceeds  to  state  what 
the  arms  borne  by  Charles  Sergison  were,  and 
says  he  was  very  proud  of  them.  There  are  no 
wills  of  the  name  of  Sergison  prior  to  that  of 
Charles  Sergison,  1732,  proved  in  the  registries 
of  London,  York,  or  Carlisle.  It  seems  probable 
that  Charles's  father  was  a  man  of  some  property, 
as  he  himself  was  not  in  a  position  to  have 
amassed  an  estate ;  and,  in  addition  to  this,  he 
mentions  his  family  arms  in  his  will — ^Ljirima  facie 
proof  of  his  gentle  descent.  M.  A.  Lowek. 

Takgier. — Could  you  inform  me  of  any  works, 
giving  a  good  accomit  of  Tangier,  "  in  English  "  ? 
I  have  Pepys,  L.  Addison,  and  have  seen  the 
tracts  in  the  British  Museum  under  ''Tangier." 
There  is  a  work,  Spain  and  Tangier  in  1844,  but 
I  cannot  find  the  author's  name.  Perhaps  you 
could  help  me.  G.  J.  H. 

The  French  Word  "  Ville  "  in  CoMPOsiTioif. 
It  is  understood  to  be  the  rule,  in  the  formation 
of  compound  words,  that  the  constituent  parts 
should  be  taken  from  the  same  language.  Latin 
and  Greek  should  not  be  joined  together,  and  the 
same  prohibition  applies,  I  presume,  to  French  and 
English.*     How  is  it,  then,   that  we   have  in 


*  Or  English  and  Greek,  as  in  "  negrophilos "  and 
"  negrophilist,"  which  of  late  occur  so  often  in  the 
newspapers. 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XL  May  11,  '67. 


England  such  names  as  Sackville,  Pentonville, 
and  Tankerville?  Are  the  prefixes  originally 
French?  In  "America"  so-called  (the  United 
States),  and  the  present  "  Dominion  of  Canada," 
where  new  towns  are  constantly  springing  up, 
nothing  is  more  common  than  to  call  them  hy 
some  designation  supplied  first  by  the  name  of  a 
person,  or  some  distinctive  feature  of  the  locality, 
and  ending  with  ''  ville,"  which  on  that  side  of 
the  world  seems  to  have  an  especial  charm.  Thus, 
they  have  their  Brownville,  Goldenville,  Brook- 
ville,  and  a  host  of  other  similar  combinations,  to 
the  disgust  of  travellers  who  "  have  a  taste,"  and 
the  sore  disfigurement  of  the  map.  Again,  is  our 
word  "villain"  a  legitimate  derivative  from 
"ville"?  For  instance,  in  Australia,  a  particu- 
larly bad  lot  of  convicts,  who  were  sent  from 
Pentonville  prison,  were  called  "  Pentonvillains." 

The  Wedding  Rixa. — Much  has  been  written 
on  this  interesting  topic  in  "  N.  &  Q."  I  am  par- 
ticularly anxious  to  know  what  proofs  there  may 
be  that  it  was  in  use  amongst  the  ancient  Greeks. 
For  the  Pioman  custom  in  this  particular  there 
is  ample  authority.  Josephtjs. 


Cutties  tottft  ^uiSiDorj*. 

"HuDiBRAS  Eedivivus,"  in  twelve  parts,  1705. 
What  is  the  history  of  this  poem,  and  by  whom 
was  it  written  ?  Thomas  E.  Winnington-. 

[Htidibras  Red'wivus;  or,  a  Burlesque  Poem  on  the 
Times.  Lond.  1705-7,  4to,  12  parts,  forming  vol.  i.  A 
second  volume,  also  of  12  parts,  was  printed  in  1707. 
Both  volumes  together  are  noTV  scarce.  This  woi'k  is  by 
the  notorious  Ned  Ward,  a  voluminous  writer,  and  an  in- 
dustrious retailer  of  ale  and  scurrility,  but  a  veiy  sorry 
imitator  of  Butler.  "  Hudibras  Redivivus,'"  says  a  writer 
in  the  Retrospective  Review  (iii.  326),  "  is  a  violent  satire 
on  the  Low  Church  party,  and  obtained  for  its  author  au 
elevation  to  the  pillory.  It  is  a  desultory  and  uncon- 
nected work,  and  is  made  up  of  the  author's  meditations 
in  his  rambles  about  town,  and  of  descriptions  of  the 
scenes  of  low  mirth,  hj^pocrisy,  and  profaneness  which  he 
■witnessed  in  his  perambulations.  Books,  and  booksellers' 
shops  ;  Daniel  De  Foe  ;  astrologers ;  meeting-houses  of 
puritans  and  quakers,  with  their  sermons  and  preachers  ; 
taverns  and  tavern  disputes ;  allegorical  dreams ;  quacks 
andmerry-andrews;  Bartholomew  fair;  the  Lord  Mayor's 
show  ;  the  fifth  of  November,  and  Calves'-head  day,  form 
the  motley  subjects  of  the  twenty-four  cantos,  connected 
only  by  the  spirit  of  party  abuse,  to  which  they  are  all 
made  subservient.  Ward,  however,  possesses  a  vein  of 
low  humour,  and  his  descriptions  of  scenes  and  man- 
ners, though  tediously  diffuse,  indicate  considerable 
shrewdness  of  observation,  and  have  a  strong  appearance 
of  truth  and  reality,"] 


Paston  Lettebs.  —  Being  at  a  loss  about  the 
meaning  of  the  word  Chxtrdeqiocyns,  it  has  been 
suggested  that  I  should  address  the  Editor  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  for  an  explanation.  I  knew  a  French 
gentleman  of  the  name  of  Chardevoir  in  New 
Orleans,  but  the  etymology  of  that  name  never 
occurred  to  me  till,  in  the  Londo7i  Monthly  He- 
vieio  for  1790, 1  saw  an  extract  of  a  letter  written 
about  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  (a.d. 
1446),  from  a  lady  at  Norvdch  to  her  husband 
in  London,  requesting  him  to  bring  a  book  of 
Chardeqiceyns — "  the  air  of  the  place  in  the  morn- 
ings not  being  holsome.'"  Perhaps  you  will 
oblige  me  with  a  reply  to  the  above  query. 

Chaeles  a.  Hollis. 

Dowsefield,  near  Dundee. 

[The  passage  occurs  in  the  Paston  Letters,  iii.  168,  edit. 
1789  :  "  Also  I  pray  you  that  ye  will  send  me  a  book  with 
CJiardeqweyns  that  I  may  have  of  in  the  morning,  for  the 
air  be  not  wholesome  in  this  town  (Nonvich)."  To  this 
letter  the  editor  has  added  the  following  note  :  "  I  have 
copied  this  letter  as  containing  a  recipe  against  bad  air  ; 
but  whether  or  not  Cardamoms  are  meant  I  cannot  tell : 
they  ai-e  said  to  be  warm  and  attenuating,  and  to  comfort 
the  head  and  stomach ;  and  therefore,  I  should  suppose, 
proper  to  be  taken  in  a  morning  as  a  preservative  against 
the  effects  of  bad  air.  The  fair  leaves  of  artichokes,  when 
blanched  and  rendered  less  bitter,  are  likewise  called 
Chards ;  these  as  being  flat  might  be  kept  in  a  book,  and 
in  that  state  brought  from  foreign  parts  ready  for  use, 
as  we  had  no  artichokes  till  long  after  this  time  (1452)  in 
England.  These  were  accounted  veiy  wholesome ;  it  is 
probable  therefore  that  these  are  the  things  mentioned."] 

The  Song  op  Birds. — Has  the  song  of  vaiious 
birds  ever  been  noted,  and  by  whom  ? 

J.  C.  M. 
[  Lucretius  tells  us  that  the  idea  of  music  was  taken 
from  the  smging  of  birds,  and  that  of  wind  instruments 
from  the  whistling  of  the  wind  among  reeds :  — 
"  At  liquidas  avium  voces  imitarier  ore 
Ante  fuit  multb,  quam  lajvia  carmina  cantu 
Concelebrare  homines  possent,  aureisque  juvare." 

Lib.  V.  1378. 
"  Through  all  the  woods  they  heard  the  charming  noise 
Of  chiriping  birds,  and  try'd  to  frame  their  voice 
And  imitate.    Thus  birds  instructed  man, 
And  taught  them  songs  before  their  art  began." 

Creech. 
Athauasius  Kii'cher,  in  his  Musurgia  Universalis,  lib.  i. 
cap.  xiv.  sect.  5,  fol.  1650,  i.  30,  has  given  the  songs  of 
those  birds  which  with  great  ingenuity  and  industry  he 
had  investigated,  as  that  of  the  nightingale,  the  quail, 
the  parrot,  the  cock  and  hen,  in  the  common  characters 
of  musical  notation  issuing  from  their  respective  beaks. 
("  Diversarum  volucrium  voces  notis  musicis  expressre.") 
He  is  very  curious  in  his  disquisitions  touching  the  voice 
and  the  song  of  the  nightingale,  which  he  has  endea- 
voured to  render  in  notes  borrowed  from  the  musical 
scale,  and  which  must  have  cost  him  much  pains  to  get 


3^^  S.  XI.  Mat  11,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


381 


it  into  any  form.    Kircher's  curious  work  is  noticed  by 
Hawkins,  in  his  History  of  Music,  ir.  208,  4to.] 

Detsaltek. — A  very  dear  and  very  beautiful 
friend  of  mine  has  just  married  a  gentleman  who 
is  called  a  "Dry  Salter,"  and  I  am  very  much 
concerned  to  think  the  dear  girl  has  only  married 
a  seller  of  salt  meat.  I  have,  however,  just  heard 
that  in  reality  he  is  a  merchant  of  high  standing, 
who  deals  in  less  vulgar  articles.  Will  you  kindly 
relieve  my  suspense  by  telling  me  what  a  "  Dry 
Salter "  reaUy  is,  and  what  is  the  origin  of  the 
term  ?  E.  B. 

[Our  fair  correspondent  maj^  set  her  mind  at  ease,  and 
not  be  appalled  because  her  "  beautiful  friend  "  has,  per- 
haps consideratelj',  married  a  Drysalter.  "  What's  in  a 
name  ?  "  Many  a  drysalter  is  a  man  of  substance,  and 
sometimes  he  is  a  millionnaire,  his  wealth  being  acquired 
from  dealing,  in  saline  substances,  drugs,  dry-stuffs,  and 
even  pickles  and  sauces.  The  alderman  sketched  bj-^  Theo- 
dore Hook  is  perfectly  elated  with  his  success  in  this 
line  of  business.  "  Providence,  Sir,"  said  he,  "  blessed 
my  efforts,  and  increased  my  means ;  from  a  retail  dabbler 
in  dribblets,  I  became  a  merchant— a  wholesale  trafficker, 
exactly  like  our  friend  Hull — in  eveiy  thing,  from  bar- 
rels of  gunpowder  down  to  a  pickled  herring.  In  the 
civic  acceptation  of  the  word,  I  am  a  merchant ;  amongst 
the  vulgar,  I  am  a  Drysalter." — Gilbert  Gio-ney,  vol.  iii. 
ch.  ii.] 

East  India  Company.  —  Where  can  I  find  an 
account  of  the  original  and  subsequent  members 
of  the  old  East  India  Company  chartered  by 
Queen  Elizabeth  ?  QuEECtrBirs. 

Junior  U.  S.  Club. 

[Consult  the  following  works :  1.  "Charters  granted 
to  the  East  India  Company  from  1601 ;  also  the  Treaties 
and  Grants  made  with,  or  obtained  from,  the  Princes  and 
Powers  in  India,  from  the  year  1756  to  1772."  4to.  2. 
"  The  Histoiy  and  Management  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, from  its  Origin  in  1600  to  the  present  Times." 
Lond.  1779,  4to.  3.  "A  Collection  of  Statutes  concerning 
the  Incorporation,  Trade,  and  Commerce  of  the  East  India 
Company," &c.  ByF.  Russell.  Lond.  1786, fol.  4.  "Annals 
of  the  Hon.  East  India  Company,  from  the  first  establish- 
ment by  Charter  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  to  the  union  of  the 
London  and  English  East  IncUa  Companies,  1707-8." 
By  John  Bruce,  M.P.  Lond.  3  vols.  1810,  4to.  5.  "  A 
Short  History  of  the  East  India  Company."  By  F.  Rus- 
sell. Lond.  1793,  4to.  6.  Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Colo- 
nial Series,  East  Indies,  China,  and  Japan,  1573-1616,  by 
W.  N.  Sainsbury.  8vo,  1862.  A  ^complete  view  of  the 
history  of  the  East  India  Company  is  given  by  Mr.  Mill 
in  his  History  of  British  India.J 

_  Queen  Mary  and  Calais,  -—  We  read  in  some 
histories  of  England  that  Queen  Mary  was  so  much 
affected  by  the  loss  of  Calais,  that  she  declared 
the  word  would,  after  her  death,  be  found  engraven 
on  her  heart.     She  was  by  no  means  a  poetical 


or  sentimental  person,  and  the  saying  seems  quite 
out  of  keeping  with  her  character.  What  i.s  the 
authority  for  the  story  ?  Jaydee. 

[It  is  doubtful  whether  any  authority  can  h4  produced 
for  the  truth  of  this  floating  story,  Mr.  Eroude  states 
that  "  among  the  apocryphal  or  vaguely  attested  anec- 
dotes of  the  end  of  Mary,  she  is  reported  to  have  said 
that,  if  her  body  was  opened,  Calais  would  be  found 
written  on  her  heart.  The  story  is  not  particularly  cha- 
racteristic, but  having  come  somehow  into  existence, 
there  is  no  reason  why  it  should  not  continue  to  be  be- 
lieved."—Ms^  of  England,  vi.  527.] 

Hectok  Boece.  —  I  am  interested  to  find  out  a 
probable  derivation  of  the  name  of  Hector  Boece, 
the  Scottish  historian,  which  I  take  to  be  Celtic. 
Can  any  one  favour  me  with  the  meaning  of  the 
word  Boece  in  the  Gaelic  language  ? 

Anna  H.  Baillie. 

[Hector  Boece,  Boeis,  Boyce,  or  Boethius.  Putting 
aside  all  the  Latinized  forms  of  the  word,  it  is  simply 
Boyce  or  Boyis.  The  historian's  brother  was  named  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  Session  in  the  original  Act  of  Institution 
of  that  court.  His  induction  took  place  on  June  22, 1535, 
when  the  records  bears,  "  Comperit  Arthur  Boyis,  Chan- 
cellor of  Brechiue."  —  See  Bruuton  and  Haig's  Historical 
Account  of  the  Senatoj-s  of  the  College  of  Justice,  Edin. 
1832,  p.  56. 

The  name  Boyce  is  common  enough  in  Scotland,  and 
we  met  many  j'ears  ago  in  Edinburgh  a  lady  descended 
from  the  Scotch  settlers  in  the  North  of  Ireland  who 
wrote  her  name  Boyis,  but  pronounced  it  Boys.'\ 

Meridian  Kings. — Some  years  since  I  became 
possessed  of  a  brass  ring,  about  an  inch  and  a  half 
in  diameter,  which  I  was  told  was  a  meridian 
ring,  and  that  at  some  period  they  were  used  as 
a  means  of  ascertaining  the  time,  but  at  what  date 
I  do  not  know.  I  should  be  glad  of  any  informa- 
tion on  the  subject.  E.  W. 

[There  were  various  kinds  of  astronomical  rings  for- 
merly in  use,  but  now  superseded  by  more  exact  instru- 
ments. Thus  in  the  French  Encyclopedie  (Diderot  and 
D'Alembert)  -^vill  be  found  an  account  of  the  "  solar  ring," 
(anneau  solaire)  which  showed  the  hour  by  means  of  a 
small  perforation  ("  un  trou,  par  lequel  on  fait  passer  un 
rayon  du  soleil.")  Zedler  also  describes  a  kind  of  sun- 
dial in  the  form  of  a  ring.  This  was  called  the  "  Astro- 
nomical Ring,"  Annulus  astronondcus.  To  one  of  these, 
perhaps  the  former,  the  ring  possessed  by  our  correspon- 
dent E.  W.  may  possibly  be  referred.  But  on  this  point 
we  cannot  speak  positively,  without  having  before  us  a 
more  exact  description  of  the  ring  in  question.] 

"The  Noble  Moringer.'' —  This  interesting 
ballad,  translated  by  Walter  Scott,  has  just  been 
arranged  as  an  operetta  by  Mr.  Marcellus  Higgs. 
What  is  the  meaning  of  Moringer  ? 

H,  A  M. 

[We  have  not  had  an  opportunity  of  referring  to  the 
original  ballad,  which  would  probably  clear  up  the  point. 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3">S.XI.  May  11, '67. 


But  from  Scott's  version  it  would  appear  that  it  was  a 
Bohemian  title  of  honour,  corresponding  to  our  Baron : 
for  Scott  uses  the  latter  word  occasionallj'  to  describe  his 
hero :  — 

"  The  noble  Baron  turned  him  round ; " 

"  When  on  the  Baron's  slumbering  sense,"  &c. 

Morunc  is  the  name  of  one  of  the  personages  who  figure 

in  the  old  German  poem  Gudrun,  where  we  read  of  "  Mo- 

ninc  der  junge  "  and  "  Do  sprach  der  degen  Morunc." 

See  Wackemagel's  Altdeutsches  Lesebuch,  ss.  524,  527.  J 


MILTON'S  USE  OF  THE  WORD  "CHARM." 

(S-^"  S.  xi.  221.) 

As  a  fervent  admirer  of  Milton,  I  have  been 
niucli  interested  in  U.  U.'s  remarks  on  the  great 
poet's  use  of  the  word  charm  in  the  lovely  pas- 
sage beginning :  — 

"  Sweet  is  the  breath  of  morn,  her  rising  sweet, 
With  charm  of  earliest  birds." 

It  never  struck  me  before  that  charm  here 
meant  anything  more  than  a  charming  effect ;  but 
I  think  U.  U.'s  conjecture  that  it  means  a  chorus 
is  most  reasonable.  On  referring  to  Webster's 
Dictionary,  I  find  that  he  gives  as  his  fourth  de- 
finition of  charm,  "a  melody,  a  song,"  in  support 
of  which  he  quotes  this  very  passage  from  Para- 
dise Lost ;  adding,  however,  that  in  this  sense  it 
is  obsolete,  which,  so  far  as  the  midland  counties 
are  concerned,  does  not  seem  to  be  the  case. 
U.  U.  saj's  he  is  not  aware  if  any  of  Milton's  com- 
mentators have  noticed  this  word.  In  Mr.  Keight- 
ley's  edition  of  Milton's  Poems  (1859),  however, 
there  is  the  following  note :  — 

"  Charm,  i.  e.  chorus  or  symphony-,  not  incantation, 
carme7i  ....  In  Scottish  poetry  chirm  is  used  of  the 
notes  of  birds,  and  of  the  sound  of  wind-instruments.  In 
some  of  the  midland  counties,  charm  signifies  a  loud 
confused  sound  made  by  a  number  of  birds,  cattle,  or 
children.  Spenser  uses  charm  as  a  noun,  in  the  sense  of 
tune,  song,  and  as  a  verb  in  that  of  play,  cano  :  — 
'  Whilst  favourable  times  did  us  aflford 
Free  liberty  to  chant  our  charms  at  will.' 

Tears  of  the  3Iuses,  243,  2i-i. 
'  Like  as  the  fowler  on  his  guileful  pipe 
Charms  to  the  birds  full  many  a  pleasant  laj'.' 

Faery  Queene,  b.  v.  c.  9,  s.  13." 

Richardson,  under  the  head  of  "  Charm,"  quotes 
the  following  passage  from  Sir  Philip  Sidney's 
Defence  of  Poesy :  — 

"  This  word  charms,  derived  of  carmina,  serveth  to  shew 
the  great  reverence  those  wits  are  held  in,  and  altogether 
not  without  ground,  since  both  the  oracles  of  Delphos 
and  the  Sibyl's  prophecies  were  wholly  delivered  in 
verses  ;  for  that  same  exquisite  observing  of  number  and 
measure  in  the  words,  and  that  high-flying  liberty  of 
conceit  proper  to  the  poet,  did  seem  to  have  some  divine 
force  in  it." 


Milton  also  uses  this  word  in  his  sonnet,  "When 
the  Assault  was  intended  to  the  City  " :  — 

"  He  can  requite  thee,  for  he  knows  the  charms 
That  call  fame  on  such  gentle  acts  as  these." 

Mr.  Keightley  says,  however,  that  charms  here 
mean  "  magic-verses,"  carmina. 

Jonathan  Bouchier. 
5,  Selwood  Place,  Brompton,  S.W. 


This  word  is  alluded  to  by  U.  U.  in  his  inte- 
resting remarks  on  the  "  Extraoi-dinary  Assemblies 
of  Birds."     He  quotes  Paradise  Lost,  iv.  641 : — 
"  Sweet  is  the  breath  of  morn,  her  rising  sweet. 
With  charm  of  earliest  birds." 

And  says  very  rightly,  that  in  Milton's  use  of  it 
here  it  means  a  chorus.  J.  O.  Halliwell,  in  his 
Diet,  of  Archaic  Words,  considers  it  to  mean  a 
company  of  birds ;  a  charm  of  goldfinches  is  a 
flock  of  them.  It  also  stands  for  ''  a  hum  or  low 
murmuring  noise."  In  the  one  sense  it  is  ana- 
logous to  swarm,  and  in  the  other  to  the  noise 
made  by  a  throng.  Major,  in  his  note  on  the  pas- 
sage, gives  charm,  Latin  carmen.  Now  the  word 
chorus  has  the  same  extended  signification.  It  is 
a  hody  of  individuals  dominated  bj^  one  idea,  to 
which  they  give  sympathetic  expression  either  by 
movements  of  the  dance  /cJpos,  or  by  the  voice  in 
symphony.  C.  U.  W. 

"  May  Fair,  W. 


The  noisy  and  inharmonious  chatter  of  birds 
which  your  correspondent  U.  U.  says  is  known 
by  this  name  in  his  part  of  England,  can  hardly 
have  been  in  Milton's  thoughts  when  he  wrote  the 
line  in  Paradise  Lost,  ''  with  charm  of  earliest 
birds."  Milton,  who  thought  in  Latin  as  much 
as  in  English,  had  doubtless  in  his  mind  the  word 
carmen,  of  which  charm  is  of  course  the  English 
form,  and  meaut  the  melodious  song  or  tune  of 
the  birds  at  daybreak,  Alfred  Ainger. 


The  word  charm  is  well  explained  by  Wedg- 
wood. The  root  of  it  is  preserved  in  the  A.  S. 
cyrm,  loud  noise,  as  well  as  in  the  Lat.  carmen. 
Another  quotation  for  it  is : — 

'•'  Vor  thi  ich  am  loth  smale  foghle — 
Hit  me  bichermit  and  bigredcth." 

Old  and  Nightingale,  280. 

It  occurs  also  in  one  of  our  early  English  Text 
Society's  Books: — 

"  Tentes,  pauilons  freshly  wrought  and  good, 
Doucet  songes  hurde  of  briddes  enuiron, 
Whych  merj-lv  chinned  in  the  grene  wod." 
Romans  of  Partenay  ;  (ed.  Skeat,  1866)  ;  p.  37,  1.  870  ; 

which  is  thus  explained  in  the  Glossarial  Index : — 
"  Chirmed,  made  a  loud  noise,  chirped  loudly, 
878.  Cf.  *  synnif/a  cyrm,  the  uproar  of  sinners  ; ' 
Ca3dmon,  ed.  Thorpe,  145,  17.  '  With  charm 
of  earliest  birds : '    Milton,  P.  L.  iv.  642.     See 


J 


3rd  S.  XL  May  11, '67.  J 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


383 


Forby."     By  "Forby"  I  nieau  "Forby's  East- 
Anylian  GlossanjP  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Cambridge. 


STONE  IX  KEYSTONE. 
(3'''  S.  xi.  257.) 
The  mysterious  white  stone  was  only  what  is 
called  a  dowel — a  very  usual  thing  in  building. 
The  keystone,  as  an  architectural  member,  belongs 
almost  exclusively  to  the  Roman  or  semicircular 
arch :  in  Gothic,  or  Pointed  Architecture,  there  is 
no  keystone,  simply  because  the  joint  is  at  the 
point  of  the  arch.  When  the  stones  forming  the 
point  of  the  arch  were  separated,  out  fell  a  round 
stone,  half  buried  in  each  side,  where  it  had  been 
inserted  by  the  builders  to  prevent  the  moulded 
stones  of  the  window-head  from  slipping  out  of 
their  places.  There  is  nothing  better  to  dowel 
stonework  than  a  round  hard  pebble.  If  two 
blocks  of  masonry  with  smooth  faces  are  put 
together,  it  is  easy  to  conceive  that  one  might  be 
pushed  off  the  other,  or  partly  so,  or  twisted,  by 
one  of  the  sundry  causes  in  the  settlement  of  a 
building  which  might  produce  an  unequal  or 
lateral  pressure:  but  it  needs  no  argument  to 
show  that  such  blocks  of  stone  could  not  slip  out 
of  place  if  a  round  hard  pebble  were  inserted 
between  them,  one  half  of  the  pebble  imbedded 
in  each.  There  is  a  large  dowel  in  the  middle  of 
the  body  of  Lord  Nelson  on  his  column  in  Tra- 
falgar Square.  I  saw  the  figure  in  a  shed  on  the 
ground  near  the  base  of  the  column  a  short  time 
before  it  was  put  up.  To  the  best  of  my  re- 
membrance the  statue  is  sculptured  out  of  com- 
pact sandstone.  It  is  made  of  two  immense 
blocks,  placed  one  over  the  other,  the  junction 
being  at  the  waist ;  and  to  prevent  the  top  half 
slipping  round,  which  would  give  my  lord  a  queer 
effect,  a  large  dowel  is  inserted.  If  I  remember 
rightly,  it  was  about  a  foot  cube  of  granite,  sunk 
six  inches  deep  in  each  half  of  the  body.  When 
I  saw  it  the  dowel  was  in  situ,  but  the  top  half  of 
the  figure  was  not  on.  The  rumbling  of  carriages 
below,  or  a  vigorous  thunder-storm,  or  one  or  two 
of  the  sundry  little  earthquakes  which  are  said  to 
have  occurred  of  late  years,  might  tend  to  give 
the  top  stone  a  twist,  but  the  angular  form  of 
the  dowel  will  effectually  prevent  any  mishap  of 
that_  kind.  The  forethought  of  the  sculptor  is 
jnanifest  in  this  small  but  important  arrange- 
ment. 

"  So  much  for  dowels 
In  Nelson's  bowels." 

A  few  years  ago  I  saw  a  pinnacle  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  a  church  in  the  west  of  England, 
the  top  half  of  which  had  twisted  round  some 


twenty  or  thirty  degrees.     The  upper  porti 
probably  doweled  to  the  stone  below  with 


piece 


of  round  iron  rod.  This  prevented  the  top  stone 
from  slipping  off,  but  did  not  prevent  it  from 
twisting.  Several  persons  remarked  it  with  great 
surprise.  It  may  have  been  done  by  thunder. 
After  continuing  so  for  several  months,  it  was  set 
right  by  workmen  repairing  the  church. 

P.  HTJTCniNSOK. 


THE  LOST  WORD  IN  "  HAMLET." 
(3'"»  S.  x.  427.) 
The  interesting  inquiry  raised  by  F.  will  hardly 
convince  students  of  Shakespeare  that  your  cor- 
respondent has  hit  on  the  right  word  to  supply 
the  gap.  The  old  copies,  I  suspect,  will  generally 
be  found  a  better  guide  than  even  the  most  plau- 
sible conjecture.  JBefore  we  inquire  what  aid  we 
may  derive  from  this  source  in  the  case  before  us, 
let  us  try  what  it  can  do  for  us  in  a  previous  line 
of  the  same  passage,  which  is  also  obelized  in  the 
Globe  edition.     Hamlet  says  in  that  edition  :  — 

"  That  monster,  custom,  Avho  all  sense  doth  eat, 
fOf  habits  de\al,  is  angel  vet  in  this, 
That,"  &c. 

The  older  editions  leave  out  the  comma  after 
"eat,"  which  first  appears  in  the  quai*to  of  1G37. 
This  reading  makes  the  passage  at  once  intelli- 
gible. Custom,  which  destroys  our  perception  of 
habits  that  make  us  devilish,  is  yet  angel  in  this, 
that  it  can  also  reconcile  us  to  good  actions.  Then, 
if  in  the  subsequent  line  we  read  with  F.  — 

"  And  either  house  the  devil,  or,"  &c. 
we  merely  get  a  frigid  repetition  of  the  former 
description  of  custom  in  its  twofold  aspect.  But 
Hamlet's  thoughts  are  here  occupied  by  the  more 
favourable  iniluence  of  custom  ;  and,  therefore, 
Malone  hit  the  sense  required  when  he  read  by 
guess  — 

"  And  either  curb  the  devil,"  &c. 

But  if  the  word  curb  stood  here,  how  came  it  to 
be  dropped  out  ?  Now  the  quartos  of  1604  and 
IGOo  read  — 

"  And  either  the  devil,"  &c. 

In  the  quarto  of  1611,  and  the  editions  immedi- 
ately following,  we  find  — 

"  And  master  the  devil,"  &c. 
If  the  line  originally  stood  — 

"  And  either  master  the  devil,"  &c. 
we  may  guess  how  the  word  master  came  to  be 
left  out.  We  know  how  frequently  it  happens 
that  a  transcriber  or  compositor  is  led  into  an 
omission  or  repetition  by  the  circumstance  that 
his  eye  is  caught  by  some  word  in  his  copy  end- 
ing similarly  to  the  word  which  he  has  to  follow. 
Thus,  in  following  up  the  word  "either,"  his  eye 
would  be  caught  by  the  cr  terminating  the  word 
"  master,"  and  he  would  proceed  as  if  he  had  just 


384 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XI.  May  11,  '67. 


written  tlie  latter  word  instead  of  the .  former. 
Consequently  the  word  "master"  would  be  drop- 
ped in  the  quarto  of  1G04  and  in  that  of  1605, 
which  was  in  the  main  printed  from  it.  Now  if 
we  suppose  that  the  copyist  of  the  edition  of 
1611  had  before  him  this  reading,  and  also  an 
older  copy  containing  both  words,  we  may  guess 
how  he  was  led  to  substitute  "master"  for 
"either."  If  the  reading  which  I  have  proposed 
was  the  right  one,  it  would  fiu'nish  him  with  a 
word  competent  to  make  sense  of  a  line  which 
was  nonsense  in  the  last  preceding  edition.  At 
the  same  time  it  was  natural  that  he  should  so 
far  defer  to  that  edition  as  to  write  "master" 
alone,  instead  of  the  two  words  which  he  fovmd 
in  the  authentic  copy ;  especially  as  the  line  ap- 
pears, at  first  sight,  to  be  somewhat  overdone 
with  imemphasized  syllables. 

There  is  another  passage,  in  the  same  play,  on 
which  I  would  appeal  to  the  older  copies  from 
the  Cambridge  emendations.  The  Cambridge 
edition  is  so  precious  to  English  literature,  that 
we  are  all  interested  in  passing  on  it  such  criti- 
cisms as  we  may.  I  complain  of  its  reading  in 
Hamlet,  Act  III.  Sc.  2  :  — 

"  Oph.  Still  better,  and  worse. 

*i  Ham.  So  you  must  take  your  husbands." 

The  quartos  read — "  So  you  mistake  your  hus- 
bands": the  folios — "Soj^ou  mistake  husbands." 
Surely  one  of  these  is  right.  Ophelia's  words 
remind  Hamlet  of  the  marriage  formula :  "  I  take 
thee  for  better  for  worse."  And  the  play  on  the 
word  exactly  suits  his  cynical  melancholy  mood  : 
^'  So  you  take  husbands,  and  a  grievous  w?i.stake 
it  is  " — he  means  to  say.  C.  Gr.  Peoweit. 

Garrick  Club. 


CAITIFF:  CROW:  MOCK:  LAUGH. 
(S'-i  S.  X.  491.) 
The  derivation  of  these  words  from  the  Syriac 
seems  rather  to  belong  to  the  old  romantic  school 
of  philology,  the  general  principle  of  which  ap- 
pears to  have  been,  to  hunt  up  any  two  words  in 
any  two  languages  having  a  similar  sound,  re- 
gardless of  date,  race,  distance,  histoiy,  '  and 
analogy,  and  jump  to  the  conclusion  that  one 
must  be  derived  from  the  other.  The  most  illus- 
trious example  of  this  school  was  the  late  Henry 
O'Brien,  author  of  the  History  of  the  Round 
Toivers  in  Ireland;  who  gravely  niaintaius  that 
the  Egyptian  god  Osiris  was  an  Irishman,  and  that 
his  name  should  be  wiutten  with  the  apostrophe, 
O'Siris;  that  the  name  of  ApoUo  is  Welsh  — 
"  Ap-Haul,"  son  of  the  Sun  ;  that  Mycenje  is  the 
Irish  Muc-inisj  that  Pharaoh  is  equivalent  to 
Irish  faragh  or  Fergus ;  with  much  more  to  the 
same  purpose.  The  modern  school  of  philology 
has  discovered  in  the  science  of  lanauage,  as  In 


every  other,  the  predominance  of  la^v,  to  which 
every  speculation  must  be  brought  into  humble 
subjection.  Apparent  likeness  in  words  from  far 
distant  languages  is  now  considered  rather  a  cause 
for  suspicion  and  doubt,  than  any  evidence  of 
connexion.* 

Let  us  take  in  order  each  word  quoted  above. 

Caitiff.  —  Your  correspondent  states  that  the 
Syriac  verb  "to  rob,  to  plunder,"  is  kKtaf,  whence 
the  noun  hJidtuf,  a  robber.  Now  the  English 
word  caitiff  never  meant  "robber."  Cotgrave, 
who  seems  to  have  exhausted  the  subject,  gives 
twenty  meanings  of  the  French  chetif,  Eng.  cai~ 
tive,  not  one  of  which  has  any  approximation  to 
robbery  or  plimder.  The  analogy  therefore  fails 
at  the  outset.  Again  ;  if  the  word  were  derived 
from  the  East,  it  would  be  difficult  to  assign  a 
period  for  its  introduction  earlier  than  the  Cru- 
sades, but  we  have  evidence  of  its  existence  nearly 
half  a  century  before  the  first  Crusade.  The 
PromjJtorium  Parimlorum  (a.d.  1440)  has  "  Cay- 
tyffe,  Calamitosus,  dolorosus "  with  two  refer- 
ences ;  one  to  William  Brito,  who  died  in  1356, 
and  the  other  to  Hugo,  Bishop  of  Ferrara,  whose 
Vocahidarium,  published  at  the  end  of  the  twelfth 
century,  was  founded  on  the  Elementarium  of 
Papias,  compiled  about  a.d.  1053. 

The  history  of  the  word  is  clear  and  simple. 
The  Latin  captivus  became  very  early  softened 
into  the  Italian  cattivo,  and  French  cJiaiti  and 
cJietif,  fem.  chaitive  and  chetive.  The  barbarous 
treatment  of  prisoners  in  the  middle  ages  so 
tended  to  break  down  the  spirit  of  those  sub- 
jected to  it,  that  any  means,  however  unworthy, 
were  frequently  resorted  to  for  deliverance.  Hence 
captive  became  synonymous  first  with  "  wretched," 
"  miserable,"  and  afterwards  with  "  base "  and 
"  vile."  The  progress  of  this  change  may  be  seen 
in  the  quotations  given  by  Menage  (sub  voc.) 
from  the  romances  and  histories  of  the  time. 

The  introduction  of  the  word  into  our  own 
tongue  may  be  dated  about  the  middle  of  the 
fourteenth  century.  It  is  not  found  in  the  Ormn- 
lum,  which  is  usually  ascribed  to  the  beginning 
of  the  centuiy,  but  in  the  writings  of  Wickliffe, 
Piers  Ploughman,  and  Chaucer,  who  wrote  after 
the  middle  period,  many  examples  are  found. 

The  following  is  from  Wickliffe's  version  of 
Ephesians,  ch.  iv.  ver.  8  :  "  For  which  thing  he 
seith,  he  steyghinge  into  highe,  ledde  caytiftee 
caytife  " ;  to  which  he  adds  as  a  gloss  ("  or  pri- 
sonnynge  prisounyde.")  Here  caytife  retains  its 
original  meaning. 

The  following  is  from  Chaucer's  "Knighte's 
Tale"  — 

"  Two  -woful  wretches  ben  we,  two  caifives, 
That  ben  accombred  of  our  owen  lives." 

*  See  on  this  point  some  admirable  remarks  by  Max 
Miiller,  Lectures  on  the  Science  of  Language,  2nd  Series, 
p.  242. 


3'd  S.  XI.  May  11,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


385 


In  this  passage  tlie  idea  of  captivity  is  no  longer 
retained.  Palamon  and  Arcite  were  botli  free 
men  fighting  for  their  lives.  ''  Miserable  "  would 
be  the  equivalent  term. 

The  following  is  from  Piers  Ploughman's 
''Vision"  :  — 

"  Caytyflyche,  thow  conscience  consailedst  the  kyng." 
Here  the  word  means  base,  vile,  which  meaning 
it  still  retains. 

I  should  be  glad  to  see  a  similar  history  of  the 
word  exhibiting  its  Eastern  derivation. 

To  Croto,  as  a  cock. — This  and  the  congenital 
words,  both  verbs  and  nouns,  are  very  widely 
diffused.  The  radical  in  various  forms  is  found 
in  aU  the  Aryan  tongues,  and  in  the  Semitic  also. 
So  far,  however,  from  the  European  languages 
having  derived  it  from  the  East,  the  probabilities 
are  the  other  way.  Pictet  *,  after  tracing  the 
word  to  the  Sanskrit  'kdrava,  and  showing  its 
wide  diftusion  in  Persian,  Russian,  Latin,  Greek, 
Scandinavian,  &c.  proceeds  thus  :  — 

"  Une  coincidence  extra-arienne  remarquable  est  celle 
de  I'hebreu  'breb,  Chald.  'areba,  Syr.  'urbo,  Arab,  ghurdb, 
corbeau,  corueille.  Gesenius  dit  positivement :  i-adix  in 
Unguis  Semiticis  non  qucerenda,  et  compare  le  Sanscrit 
karava.f  Or,  conime  ce  dernier  a  une  etymologie  trcs- 
precise,  il  faut  en  conclure  que  le  mot  hebreu  qui  se 
trouve  dejJi  dans  la  Genese  (ch.  viii.  ver.  7)  est  d'origine 
arienne,  ce  qui  ue  laisse  pas  d'etre  curieux." 

The  Sans,  radical  ru  appears  to  be  the  parent 
of  all  the  various  modifications  of  the  original 
onomatopeia. 

Ka-rava,  what  a  noise  !  becomes  in  Latin  coro- 
vus  (corvus),  Greek  Kopo.i,,  Kpa^eiu,  &c.  Persian, 
Irish,  Cambrian,  Slavonian,  Russian,  &c.,  all  pos- 
sess the  root  in  various  forms. 

In  the  Teutonic  tongues,  by  Grimm's  law,  the 
initial  change  takes  place  from  the  tenuis  to  the 
aspirate  :  hence  Goth,  hruk,  to  crow.  "  Jah  suns 
hana  hrukida,"  "  and  immediately  the  cock  crew." 
Hence  also  A.-S.  hrecifn  (raven),  Scand.  hrefn, 
O.-G.  hrabcm.  The  A.-S.  crawe  having  the  clas- 
sical hard  initial,  Pictet  thinks  indicates  its  deri- 
vation from  Latin.  The  same  is,  however,  found 
in  the  High  German  of  the  earliest  date. 

It  may  be  said  that  these  words  have  a  variety 
of  meanings,  and  do  not  apply  merely  to  the 
crowing  of  the  cock.  This  is  true,  and  is  sus- 
ceptible of  easy  explanation.  Wachter  J,  on  the 
word  kriihen  (to  crow)  has  the  following  re- 
mark :  — 

"  Hodie  non  dicitur  nisi  de  Gallo  gallinaceo ;  olim 
vero  ex-at  verbum  pluribus  avium  speciebus  commune. 
Inde  krnehe,  cornicula  ardea,  corvus,  gracuhis,  pygargus, 
pella  et  qurevis  avis  clamosa,  secundum  antecedentis." 

Mock.  —  There  is  a  peculiarity  about  this 
word,  that  in  modern  languages  it  is  only  found 

*   Origines  Lido-Europeennes,  i.  472. 

t  Diet.  Hebr.  p.  793. 

%  Glossarium  Germanicum, 


in  French  and  English.  It  is  usually  derived 
mediately  from  the  French  se  moquer,  and  ulti- 
mately from  the  Greek  ixuKaonai,  to  mimic.  There 
is,  however,  a  Flemish  word  mocketi,  to  pufl:"  out 
the  cheeks  as  if  in  contempt,  which  may  be  con- 
nected with  the  English.  There  is  a  Teutonic 
radical  moh,  whence  the  verb  molijcm  (Ger. 
milhcii),  to  trouble,  to  molest,  the  counterpart  of 
which  in  Low  German  would  be  mok-jan;  but 
as  the  word  is  not  found  in  Anglo-Saxon,  we 
must  look  elsewhere  for  its  origin.  The  original 
root  will  probably  be  found  in  Sans,  vwh,  in  the 
causative  form  eonturharc.  Graff  {Alt-Hoch~ 
Deiitschcr  SpracJischciff,  ii.  GOO)  favours  this  con- 
nection. That  there  is  a  Semitic  root  in  the 
Syriac,  Chaldee,  and  Arabic  vioiik  or  7nok,  having 
much  the  same  signification  is  unquestionable,  but 
the  derivation  of  our  English  word  therefrom  re- 
quires proof.  The  earliest  mention  of  the  word 
I  can  find  is  in  the  Pro7nptormm  Parvidorum 
(a.d.  1440)  with  the  explanation  cachinna.  It  is 
not  found  in  writers  of  the  preceding  century, 
Bluioe,  in  the  sense  of  a  distortion  of  the  mouth, 
is  found  in  Chaucer. 

Laugh.  —  The  derivation  of  this  word  from  the 
Arabic  Id-a-rd  risit,  is  enough  to  produce  the  7j«- 
ha-ha  in  good  broad  English.  If  there  be  any 
word  in  the  language  of  "merry  England  "  which 
can  be  thoroughly  identified  in  every  Teutonic 
tongue,  it  is  this,  from  the  Gothic  Idalian  through 
every  branch  of  the  German  and  Scandinavian 
stock.  Its  antiquity  is  further  proved  by  the 
strong  preterite  hloh,  lough,  old  Eng.,  which  is  now 
lost  in  the  weak  form  laughed.  Grafl:"  derives  the 
word  from  the  Sanskrit  root  sridh,  ridere,  with  the 
following  note  :  "  s  geht  in  h,  r  in  la  liber ;  und 
vom  aspirirten  Buchstaben  bleibt  bisweilen  nur 
die  spirans  hP 

Mizzle. — The  modern  use  of  this  phrase  in  the 
slang  sense  of  sneaking  off  may  be  of  Jewish  or 
Gipsy  origin.  Something  not  very  unlike  it  is 
found  in  Spenser's  Shepherd's  Calendar :  — 

"  Up  Colin  up,  jmougb  thou  mourned  hast, 
Now  gynnes  to  mizzle,  hye  we  homeward  fast." 

J.  A.  P. 
Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 


WALTER  MAPES. 


(3">  S.  xi.  298.) 
I  am  glad  to  see  j^ou  have  a  correspondent  who 
feels  interest  in  the  personal  history  of  Walter 
Mapes,  and  thank  you  for  having  been  so  good  as 
to  reply  to  his  query.  I  venture,  however,  to 
dissent  altogether  from  your  conclusion.  Had  I 
thought  Mapes  (or  JMape,  as  is  the  true  reading) 
was  born  in  "  Gloucestershire  or  Herefordshire," 
I  should  certainly  not  have  called  him  a  com- 
patriot of  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  any  more  than  I 
should  have  called  a  man  born  in  Kent  a  fellow- 


386 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  S.  XI.  May  11,  '67. 


countryman  of  Daniel  O'Connell.  When,  in  Litera- 
ture and  its  Professors,  I  spoke  of  Mape  as  I  did, 
I  supposed  liiin  to  have  been  bom  in  Pembroke- 
shire— the  county  which  gave  birth  to  Giraldus. 

And  for  this  belief  there  seems  to  me  to  be  the 
firmest  ground. 

1.  Mape,  in  one  passage  (De  Xiiffis  Curialium, 
Distinct,  il.),  speaks  of  the  Welsh  as  his  country- 
men :  "  compatriotfe  nostri  Walenses."  This 
■would  imply  he  was  born  in  Wales. 
'  2.  In  another  place  (Distinct,  ii.)  he  styles 
himself  a  Marcher:  *'qu8esivit  a  me,  qui  mar- 
chio  sum  Walensibus."  From  this  it  is  to  be 
inferred  he  was  not  born  in  Wales  proper. 

3.  In  Distinct,  iv,,  c.  i.,  he  refers  to  England  as 
his  mother :  *'  antequam  esset  annorum  xx.  ma- 
trem  nostram  et  suam  Angliam  exivit."  Hence 
we  have  right  to  conclude  he  was  an  Englishman. 

It  is  only  by  supposing  he  was  born  in  Pem- 
brokeshire that  these  apparent  contradictions  are 
reconcilable. 

I.  Pembrokeshire  is  in  Wales :  and  so,  Mape 
was  a  Welshman. 

n.  Pembrokeshire,  settled  by  Normans  and 
Flemings  who  were  planted  there  by  the  Second 
William  to  be  a  barrier  and  protection  against 
the  Welsh,  had  all  the  characteristics  of  one  of 
the  Marches,  and  virtually  was  one :  and  so, 
Mape  was  not  a  native  of  Wales  proper. 

III.  Pembrokeshire,  peopled  by  strangers  and 
enemies  to  tlie  Welsh,  was,  even  in  the  time  of 
Giraldus,  spoken  of  as  AmjUa  TransivaUia;  the 
Welsh  language  was  unknown  there,  and  the  dis- 
trict was  in  fact  an  integral  portion  of  the  English 
tealm:  and  so,  Mape  had  reason  to  consider  him- 
self a  native  of  England. 

_  Just  as  his  great  contemporary  Giraldus  called 
himself  a  Welshman  at  the  English  coiu-t,  and  was 
regarded  as  an  Englishman  in  Wales,  so  I  think 
Mape,  probably  from  the  same  cause  and  with 
the  same  right,  was  in  the  habit  of  styling  himself 
Welshman,  Englishman,  Marcher,  indifferently. 

In  addition  to  these  facts  I  may  mention,  that 
a  family  of  immemorial  antiquity  named  Mabe 
(the  2^  being  converted  into  h)  still  resides  at 
Templeton,  in  Pembrokeshire;  and  that  a  farm 
not  far  from  the  village,  formerly  belonging  to 
the  Knights  Templars,  is  still  called  Mabe's  Mill, 
although  for  many  generations  no  Mabe  has  pos- 

Besides  his  well-known   historical  work,   De 
Niigis    CuriaUum,   in   five  books,    Mape   is   also 
credited  with  having  contributed  to  the  cycle  of 
the  famous  romances  of  the  Round  Table  —  the 
Roman  de  Lancelot  du  Lac,  the  Quete  du  Saint 
GraaJ,  and  the  Roman  de  la  3Iort  d' Arthur.     His 
satirical  poems  in  Latin,  one  of  which  — 
"  Mihi  est  propositum 
In  taberna  mori,"  &c. — 
13  admirably  translated  by  Leigh  Hunt,  are  known 


to  all  from  the  collection  edited  by  Mr.  Thomas 

Wright  for  the  Camden  Society.     So  important  a 

character   and  so  deep-sighted  a  writer  as   was 

this  "  Drunken  Archdeacon  of  Oxford  "  will,  I  am 

sure,  be  not  readily  given  up  by  Pembrokeshire 

[  men  to  the  inhabitants  of  "  Gloucestershire  or 

I  Herefordshire"   without  further  evidence    than 

j  what  at  present  exists,  or  is  now  ever  likely  to 

I  appear. 

I       It  is  satisfactory  to  me  to  be  able  to  add  that, 
;  whilst  I  differ  from  Mr.  Thomas  Wright  and  the 
I  Editor  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  I  have  on  my  side  that 
;  eminent  authority  Mr.  Duffus  Hardy,  Keeper  of 
I  the  Public  Records,  who,  in  his  Descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  the  Materials  relating  to  the  History  of 
j  Great  Britain,  ^-c,  says :  "  Walter  Mapes  appears 
!  to  have  been  a  countryman  and  contemporary  of 
Giraldus  Cambrensis,  and  was  probably  born  in 
Pembrokeshire."  Thoiias  PuKifELL. 

P.  S.  By  some  misprint,  probably,  your  corre- 
spondent speaks  of  the  birthplace  of  Giraldus  as 
Manorben.  The  word  should  have  been  Manor- 
beer. 


'•'The  Lass  of  Richmojid  Hill"  (3"^  S.  xi. 
343,  3G2.)  — In  "X.  &  Q."  2"''  S.  ii.  6,  I  en- 
deavoured to  investigate  the  histoiy  of  this 
favourite  song,  which  according  to  the  Public 
Advertiser  of  Monday,  August  3,  1789,  was  first 
sung  by  Mr.  Incledon  at  Vauxhall  during  that 
year.  It  was  wiitten  by  W^illiam  Upton,  author 
of  A  Collection  of  Songs  sung  at  Vauxhall,  the 
poet  of  those  gardens  in  1788-1789.  The  late 
Mr.  WiUiam  Smith,  steward  of  the  manor  of 
Richmond,  told  me  the  following  anecdote  relative 
to  the  personality  of  the  individual  represented  in 
this  song.  A  lady  went  into  a  shop  at  Richmond, 
made  some  purchases,  and  requested  the  articles 
might  be  sent  to  her  house.  The  shopkeeper  re- 
quired further  particulars,  when  she  told  him  she 
was  Miss  Smith,  the  Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,  and 
resided  on  the  hill  near  the  ten-ace.  When  the 
song  first  appeared  it  was  generally  believed  by 
the  inhabitants  of  Richmond  that  Miss  Smith 
had  the  reputation  of  being  the  lady  for  whom  it 
was  designed.  *. 

Eichmond,  Surrey, 

The  Brothees  BA^^BrERA  (3'^  S.  xi.  IGO.)  — 
As  E.  F.  P.  and  your  readers  in  general  will  form 
a  very  incorrect  idea  of  the  incidents  connected 
with  the  brothers  Bandiera — from  the  account  of 
your  correspondent  Misapates, — who,  although  he 
appears  to  consider  himself  older  in  years  than 
E.  F.  P.,  does  not  seem  to  be  much  beyond  him 
in  the  knowledge  of  facts, — I  think  it  worth  while 
to  make  the  following  observations,  which  I  hope 
for  the  sake  of  truth  you  will  have  printed :  — 
1.  The  brothers  were  not  in  any  way  connected 
with  Signor  Mazzini,  except  by  the  tie  of  friend- 


3rd  S.  XI.  May  11, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


387 


ship ;  nor  was  their  enterprise  planned  by  him ; 
on  the  contrary,  Signor  Mazziui  repeatedly  en- 
treated them  to  give  up  a  scheme  -which  he  con- 
sidered imprudent.  This  was  proved  by  the 
correspondence  published  after  the  trial.  2.  The 
brothers  Bandiera  were  not  put  to  death  by  the 
Austrian  goTernment,  nor  given  up  to  it,  as  Misa- 
PATES  states ;  they  were  captured  through  an 
abominable  snare,  and,  with  their  little  band  of 
companions,  slaughtered  by  the  Neapolitan  govern- 
ment, as  MiSAPATES  would  liuow  if  he  was  ac- 
quainted with  W.  Savage  Lander's  beautiful  little 
poem  entitled  "  On  the  Slaughter  of  the  Brothers 
Bandiera,  betrayed  to  the  King  of  Naples."  If 
any  of  your  readers  are  desirous  of  knowing  more 
about  these  two  hero-martyrs,  I  refer  them  to  the 
third  volume  of  3I(tzzitirs  Life  and  Writings,  pub- 
lished by  Smith,  Elder,  and  Co. ;  to  A  Century  of 
Despotism,  by  S.  Horner  ;  and  to  Prolegomene  del 
Primato,  by  V.  Gioberti ;  from  which  they  will 
learn  that  the  name  of  Bandiera  has  some  other 
claims  on  a  "  European  celebrity  "  than  that  pro- 
ceeding from  their  betrayal  by  the  English  govern- 
ment. '        Fia't  Jxistitia. 

Matthew  Peior  (S""''  S.  xi.  270.)  —  The  com- 
mon expression,  "  there  is  no  accoimting  for  taste," 
occurred  to  me  on  reading  Mr.  IvEiGnTLEx's  re- 
marks on  the  above  nearly-forgotten  poet  and 
statesman.  Wishing,  if  possible,  to  agree  with  a 
gentleman  of  Mr.  Keightley's  critical  acumen, 
acknowledged  by  all,  I  have  carefully,  and  with 
new  enjoyment,  reperused  those  delightful  poems 
of  the  sad  and  gentle  Collins,  so  full  of  "  the  fire 
of  fancy  and  the  reach  of  thought,"  as  Hayley's 
epitaph  attempts  to  express  his  poetical  character- 
istics ;  but  vainly  have  I  looked  for  the  most  re- 
mote resemblance  between  those  inspired  strains 
(so  full  of  sweetly-solemn  music,  so  rich  in  out- 
ward nature's  simple  imagery,  and  all  her  inward 
tenderest  chords  of  feeling,)  and  the  artificial 
laureate-ode  style  of  Prior.  The  sole  likeness  I 
can  find  is  in  the  similar  construction  of  the 
stanzas.  The  whole  of  Prior's  poem  is  in  keeping 
with  the  first  verse,  as  in  Mr,  IvEiC4nTLEY's  ex- 
tract; cold,  artificial,  eulogistic — anything  but 
such  as  a  laureate  ice  wot  of  woidd  have  written. 
Not  a  redeeming  line  I  can  discover;  not  one  that 
the  least  successful  of  poets  of  the  present  day 
would  feel  anxious  to  have  thought  his  own. 
For  his  ambitious  poem  of  "  Solomon,"  composed 
in  his  disgrace,  and  perhaps  intended  to  atone  for 
the  free  verses  of  his  youth :  I  have  twice  read 
it,  at  long  intervals,  as  a  wearisome  task,  and  with 
the  impression  that  the  composing  of  it  was  a 
greater  one  to  the  writer.  It  is  stilted,  unnatural, 
bombastic,  and  wearisome  to  the  end.  As  regards 
CoUins's  Odes,  Mr.  Keightlet  has  made  two 
small  errors  (of  memory)  :  "  When  lost  to,"  &c., 
should  be  l]liile;  and  in  the  citation  from  "  Solo- 


mon," which  I  except  from  censure,  nay,  acknow- 
ledo^e  it  to  express  the  artful  ofiiciousness  of  a 
loving  and  mercenary  wanton  slave,  Mr.  I\j;ight- 
LET  says,  "  Abra  was  the  last,"  it  should  be  "  went 
the  last:"  — 

"  Abra,  slie  so  was  call'd,  did  soonest  haste 
To  grace  my  presence;  Abra  avf.nt  the  last." 

I  should  not  have  noticed  it  but  that  the  error 
mars  the  best  passage.  Altogether  I  cannot  flatter 
the  admirers  of  Prior  by  thinking  that  Mr. 
Keightley's  advocacy  will  raise  him  from  that 
stratum  to  which  he  and  so  many  thousands  have 
subsided,  who  have  sought  meretricious  ornaments 
instead  of  clothing  their  verse  with  the  never-dying 
or  fading  flowers  which  simple  nature  and  sacred 
inspiration  ever  ofter  to  us  from  their  pure  and 
exhaustless  sources.  J.  A.  G. 

Carisbrooke. 

Church  Dedication:  Wellixgboroi'gh  (3''^ 
S.  xi.  75,  243.)  —  Will  Mr.  Hoskyn's-Abrahall 
give  the  names  of  the  eleven  churches  "  dedicated 
to  some  special  saint  in  conjunction  with  All 
Saints  "  ?  The  same  assertion  has  been  made  in 
another  quarter,  but  no  names  given.  The  twenty- 
four  churches  dedicated  to  St.  Mary  and  All 
Saints  I  do  not  consider  parallel  cases,  because  of 
the  superior  honour  paid  to  St.  Maiy  by  the  Ro- 
man church,  Mr.  Hosky:xs- Abra  halt,  thinks 
the  church  at  Wellingborough  was  dedicated  to 
St.  Luke  and  All  Saints.  I  beg  to  inform  him 
that  for  three  hundred  and  fifty  years,  from  1517 
to  the  present  time,  there  is  documentary  evidence 
to  prove  that  the  church  has  only  been  known  as 
All  Saints.  For  St.  Luke  and  All  Saints  there  is 
no  evidence  forthcoming  at  present. 

J.  M.  Cowper. 

Cases  of  dedications  to  St.  Mary  and  all  Saints, 
and  to  St.  Michael  and  all  Angels,  are  quite 
difterent  from  one  of  "  St.  Luke  and  all  Saints," 
and  I  am  not  by  any  means  content  to  admit 
this  latter,  in  the  instance  of  Wellingborough 
Church,  until  documentary  evidence  is  adduced. 
Hitherto  every  real  authority  quoted  gives  "All 
Saints  "  or  "  All  Hallows  "  alone.  This  fact  has  to 
be  reconciled  with  the  "  St.  Luke  and  all  Saints  " 
theory.  B.  H,  C. 

D'ABRicHCOrRT  (o''*  S.  xi.  2GG.)  —  In  the  year 
1855  I  saw  the  remains  of  the  tomb  of  William 
Dabrich court  in  the  north  aisle  of  the  chancel  of 
Bi-idport  church.  It  had  been  an  altar-tomb,  but 
was  then  nearly  level  with  the  ground,  and  buried 
beneath  a  staircase.  A  few  letters  of  the  inscrip- 
tion were  left,  sufficient  to  identify  it  with  that 
recorded  in  Hutchins  —  "  Hie  jacet  Willius  filius 
Elizabet'  de  Julers,"  &.c.  In  the  year  1858  the 
church  was  restored,  and  the  chancel  entirely  re- 
built, during  which  alterations  the  tomb  was 
destroyed ;  at  least  I  searched  for  it  in  vain  when 


388 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>-<i  S.  XI.  May  U,  '67. 


I  visited  the  cliurcli  sliortly  after  its  restoration. 
There  is  still  in  Bridport  church  a  na.meless  effigy 
of  a  knight  in  armour,  wliich  was  cleansed  and 
in  some  degree  repaired  during  the  alterations, 
but  this  is  not  the  tomh  in  question.     A  letter  to  | 
the  present  rector  of  Bridport,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lee,  | 
■would,  I  am  sure,  receive  a  ready  and  courteous  ! 
reply.  JTuxxa  Thrkim:,     ■ 

WiLLIAJI   DE  LaNGLAND  :    SlACT  DE  ROKATIE   j 

(.3"!  S.  xi.  296.)— The  vUlage  of  Schiptone-under- 
Whicwode,  now  written  Shipton-uuder-Wych-  I 
wood  (or  Whichwood)  is  about  eight  miles  west  ' 
of  my  parish.  It  is  about  four  miles  N.N.E.  of  | 
Burford,  and  seven  S.S.W.  of  Chipping  Noi-ton.  ] 
The  pai'ish  comprises  11,620  acres,  of  which  2140  ' 
form  a  part  of  Wychwood  Forest. 

JOH^"  HoSK-nfS-ABKAHALL,  Jvy. 
Combe  Parsonage,  near  Woodstock.  j 

WiLLiAir  AvsTis  (3"»  S.  xi.  351.)  — Some  of  j 
your  readers  may  like  to  know  that  Mr.  Samuel 
Austin,  whose  letter  you  have  printed,  is  still  | 
living  at  11,  St.  James'  Crescent,  Bermondsey ; 
and  is  able  to  furnish  many  more  particulars  about 
his  unfortunate  brother  "Billy  Austin,"  as  he 
used  to  be  called,  to  any  person  who  may  be 
desirous  of  recording  his  history.  H.  T,  E. 

DialInsceiptio>-s  (3"^  S.  xi.  33, 123.)— As  the 
original  inquirer  after  dial  inscriptions,  I  beg  to 
thmk  TV.  for  the  one  he  mentions  as  existing  at 
Pisa.  It  has  been  sent  me  also  from  Nice,  where 
it  is  to  be  seen  on  a  dwelling  house  in  the  Rue  de  ! 
France.  It  is  engraved  also  on  the  dial-plate  of  j 
a  pillar  dial,  in  the  gardens  at  Monkton  Farleigh, 
"Wilts ;  though  in  the  latter  place  defaced  by 
misspelling.  The  inscription  is,  nevertheless,  the 
same  in  all  three  cases;  which  refutes  the  sur- 
mise of  W.,  that  the  negative  before  amlrai  has 
been  accidentally  omitted.  Moreover,  the  state- 
ment is  true  in  one  sense,  if  not  in  another — Man 
does  }iot  retui-n  to  this  world  after  death,  as  light 
does  after  night :  — 

"  Un  uoino  eacluto  iu  questo  stato 
Xon  ritornera  piii  onde  e  dicaduto." 

One  looks  to  a  dial  motto  rather  for  a  little 
poetical  sentiment  than  for  doctrinal  truths. 

May  I  take  this  occasion  to  say  how  much  I 
should  value  and  feel  obliged  for  any  sketches  of 
dials  with  inscriptions,  whether  coloured  or  in 
outline.  My  present  collection  is  large,  but  I 
have  still  a  long  list  of  mottoes  without  coire- 
sponding  drawings  of  their  respective  dials. 

Can  the  following  list  be  admitted  ?  — 

"  Floreat  Ecclesia." — (Kirby  Maelzard,  1697.) 
"  Si  sol  deficit 
Xemo  me  respicit."— (Chambe'ry,  Savoy.) 

"  Didst  thou  not  see  thj'  Lord,  how  he  extended  thy 
shadow .' "  —  (In  Arabic,  on  a  dial  near  the  mosque  of 
Mohamed  II.,  by  the  Dyers'  Gate,  Constantinople.) 


"  0  wretched  mau,  remember  thou  must  dee ; 
Sense  all  things  passe,  and  nothing  certain  bee." 
(Brougham  Castle,  1660.) 

"  Sole  oriente  fugimit  tenebras." — (In  a  garden  in  the 
diocese  of  Connor.) 

"  Life's  but  a  walking  shadow." — (Old  house  at  Salis- 
bury.) 

"  Brevis  hominum  ^'ita."—  (Aberford.) 
"  Amicis  quselibet  hora." — (Grasse.) 

Margaret  Gatty. 

Wheel  Lock  (S"-*  S.  xi.  245.)  —  I  trust  that 
CouETOis  will  pardon  me  for  sajdng  that  his  de- 
scription of  the  wheel  lock  is  incorrect.  A  piece 
of  iron  pyrites,  fire  stone,  sulphiu-et  of  iron,  not 
flint,  was  held  between  the  jaws  of  the  cock. 
This  stone  was  not  inside  the  lock,  but  was 
brought  down  by  hand  so  as  to  rest  on  the  sliding 
cover  of  the  pan,  within  which  the  grooved  wheel 
of  steel  worked.  When  this  latter  was  released 
by  the  trigger,  a  shoulder  on  its  axis  forced  back 
the  pan  cover  and  allowed  the  pyrites  to  come 
into  contact  with  the  grooved  and 'notched  edge 
of  the  wheel,  which  produced  sparks  after  the 
manner  of  a  grindstone.  WTieu  it  did  give  fire 
ignition  was  more  rapid  than  that  caused  by  the 
flint  lock,  inasmuch  as  the  sparks  were  generated 
in  the  very  centre  of  the  priming,  whereas,  in  the 
latter,  they  had  to  fall  into  the  pan  after  the  flint 
had  struck  the  hammer  and  thrown  it  open. 
Pyrites,  however,  is  very  liable  to  decomposition 
in  damp  weather,  and  to  this  no  doubt  may  be 
attributed  the  miss-fires  to  which  the  complicated 
wheel  lock  was  subject.  It  is  not  imcommon  to 
find  the  match  lock  combined  with  it  for  this  rea- 
son. As  to  bursting,  that  has  nothing  to  do  with 
a  lock  of  any  kind — Hampden's  pistol  burst  from 
being  overcharged.  Sometimes  the  wheel  lock 
had  two  cocks,  for  gi-eater  certainty.  There  is 
one  such  in  my  collection,  and  they  may  be  seen 
at  the  Tower  and  at  Woolwich.  'The  Germans 
had  a  great  kindness  for  the  wheel  lock,  though 
it  is  said  to  have  been  an  Italian  invention.  It 
has  lingered  in  Gei'many,  I  believe,  into  the  present 
century,  on  sporting  and  heavy  match  rifles  ;  and 
so  fond  are  they  of  its  picturesque  appearance 
that  even  in  these  days  we  sometimes  see  the 
hammer  of  a  percussion  lock  put  on  the  reverse 
way,  so  as  to  look  externally  something  like  a 
wheel  lock.  I  have  a  rifle  so  provided,  and  in 
the  Exhibition  of  '51  a  new  one  was  sent  by  a 
German  or  Swiss  gun-maker.  Match-lock  muskets 
were  used  in  England  as  late  as  William  III.'s 
reign,  W.  J.  Berxhard  Smith. 

MuLLTROOSHiLL  {^'^  S.  X.  494;  xi.  123.)  — In 
this  town  is  a  fine  old  Elizabethan  building  called 
the  "Mulcture  Hall,  properly  Mote  or  Moote 
Hall."  In  all  probability  the'  lord  of  the  manor 
held  his  court  here,  and  it  has  evidently  obtained 
its  present  name  from  the  mulcture  dish  apper- 


S.  XI.  May  11,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


389 


Scotcli  poem  called 


taining  to  the  mill  being  kept  at  tlie  hall,  (  Vide 
Crabtree's  Histonj  of  Halifax.')  It  stands  near 
the  bank  of  the  Hebble,  and  a  mill  has,  no  doubt, 
existed  here  beyond  the  time  of  legal  memory. 
This  may  not  be  of  much  service  to  F.  M.  S.,  nor 
am  I  able,  in  answer  to  his  query,  to  identify 
"Mulltrooshiir'j  which,  after  all,  may  have  a 
totally  different  origin  to  that  suggested— the 
orthography  evidently  pointing  to  a  difterent 
conclusion.  Hen^ky  W.  S.  Tatlob. 

HaUfas. 

EooD-scEEEN  Bell  (3"»  S.  s.  373.)— There  is 
another  instance  of  the  sanctus-bell  being  placed 
on  the  screen  at  Salhouse  Church,  Norfolk.  A 
sketch  of  this  is  given  in  vol.  i.  p.  242  of  Original 
Pajjcrs  published  by  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich 
Axchseological  Societv.  .  Johx  Piggot,  Juk. 
'    X' 

'■'To  Kyxhe"  (3'-d  S.^  176,  242.)— Allow  me 
to  suggest  a  passage  or  two  which  may  assist 
your  inquiring  friends  to  discover  the  verb  '^  to 
kythe"  as  an  extensively  adopted  Scotch  phrase. 
Burns  has  it  in  his  "Hallowe'en '' :  — 

"  The  lassies  feat  an'  cleanly  neat, 
Mair  braw  than  whan  they're  fine ; 
Their  faces  biythe  fu'  sweetly  kythe, 
Hearts  leal  an'  warm  an'  kin'." 

Laing   of  Brechin,   in  a 

"  Archy  Allan,"  has  it :  — 

"  But  scarcelj'  her  han'  an'  his  troth  he  had  ta'en, 
When  she  kythed  in  her  ain  dowie  colors  again, 
As  short  was  their  courtship  and  biythe  hinny  mune. 
Its  aye  rued  at  leisure  -what's  o'er  raslity  dune." 

I  might  also  refer  to  the  frequent  use  of  the 
term  by  dyers,  who,  after  casting  in  their  various 
stufts  into  the  boiler  or  vat,  anxiously  await  the 
appearing  of  the  new  colour,  and  ask :  "  Has  it 
kythed  yet?"  And  as  the  hue  gi-adually  evolves 
on  the  piece  passed  through  the  dyeing  process, 
again  the  phrase  is  used  :  "  It  has  Jci/thed." 

I  have  met  a  word  somewhat  similar  in  soimd, 
but  much  removed  in  meaning,  which  I  trust 
your  Caithness  correspondent  is  not  thinking  of 
in  connection  with  the  psalm.  It  is  a  pure 
localism,  and  confined  to  Caithness  and  Boss  — 
Kithan,  a  useless  or  careless  servant,  a  vagabond. 

H.  M'L. 

Aberdeen. 

LI^-ES  ox  A  YlCAR  A^TD  CuEATE  (3"^  S.  xi.  23.5.) 
I  cannot  recall  where  I  have  seen  these  lines.  I 
can,  however,  supply  0:xiiCK0x  with  another  epi- 
gram of  similar  character,  which  is  given  in 
Select  Epigraim,  1797,  vol.  ii.  p.  179.  The  author 
I  do  not  know. 
"  Dialogue  between  an  old  rector  and  the  person  promised 

the  next  presentation  to  his  living. 
*' '  I'm  glad  to  see  you  well.'    '  O,  faithless  breath  ! 
What,  glad  to  see  me  well,  and  wish  my  death ! ' 
'  No  more,'  replied  the  youth,  '  this  strange  misgiving; 
I  wish  not  for  your  death,  but  for  yoiu  living,'  " 


Another,  called  "  The  Vicar  and  his  Curate,"  is 
in  77(6  Spirit  of  the  Public  Journals,  1812,  vol.  xv. 
p.  130,  but  it  is  scarcely  worth  transcribing,  for 
epigrams  such  as  these,  the  merit  of  which  con- 
sists in  play  upon  words,  are  not  much  to  be  ad- 
mired. H.  P.  D, 

A  volume  of  Churchyard  Gleanings  and  Epi- 
grammatic Scraps,  by  William  Pulleyn,  contains 
the  epigram  alluded  to  by  Omtcrois",  as  complete 
in  six  lines,  as  follows :  — 

"  A  vicar,  long  ill,  who  had  treasured  up  wealth. 
Told  his  curate  each  Sunday  to  pray  for  his  health ; 
AVhich  oft  having  done,  a  paiishioner  said, 
That  the  curate  ought  rather  to  wish  he  were  dead. 
'  By  my  troth,'  says  the  curate,  '  let  credit  be  given, 
I  ne'er  prayed  for  his  death,  but  I  have  for  bis 
living.'  " 

A.  B.  MiDDlETOX. 
The  Close,  Salisbury. 

Chess  (3^_^  S.  xi.  234.)— I  beg  to  offer  the  fol- 
lowing solution  to  E.  B.  B.  respecting  the  above 
game,  whether  played  by  the  Assyrians  and  Egyp- 
tians. In  Sir  G.  Willrinson's  Manners  and  Cus- 
toms of  the  Ancient  Egyptians,  vol.  i.  p.  44,  and 
vol.  ii.  pp.  419,  420,  421,  are  represented  several 
players ;  in  the  first  two  the  players  are  seated 
on  the  ground,  and  the  last  represents  king 
Barneses  III.  playing  at  what  Sir  Gardner  calls 
"  Draughts."  With  all  due  deference  to  so  high 
an  authority,  may  I  venture  to  hint  that  this  game 
may  be  after  all  chess,  and  not  draughts.  For 
referring  to  Lane's  3Iodern  Egyptians,  vol.  ii.  p. 
46,  he  says  : — 

"  Most  of  the  games  of  the  Egyptians  are  of  kinds 
which  suit  their  sedate  dispositions.  They  take  great 
pleasure  in  chess  (which  they  call  sutren'g,)  and  here  the 
moderns  distinguish  between  the  two  similar  games  of 
chess  and  draughts,  the  latter  they  call  (da'meh.y 

And  he  goes  on  to  say  that 

"Their  chess-men  are  of  verj'  simple  forms,  as  the 
Moos'lim  is  forbidden  by  his  religion  to  make  an  image  of 
anything  that  has  life." 

Now  may  not  this  religious  scruple  have  per- 
vaded the  "  ancient "  Egyptians  as  well  as  the 
"  modern"  ? — if  so,  it  would  account  for  the  sim- 
plicity of  the  "  pieces  "  represented  by  Sir  Gard- 
ner Wilkinson  as  above  referred  to.  And  as 
they  held  so  many  things  sacred,  it  would  have 
been  a  difficult  thing  to  know  what  to  represent 
that  would  not  infringe  on  some  god  or  goddess. 
And  as  Sir  Gardner  says,  "  The  Eg3i5tians 
adopted  a  distinguishing  mark  for  their  gods,  'by 
giving  them  the  heads  of  animals  or  a  peculiar 
dress  and  form." 

From  whom  the  Greeks  derived  the  game  it 
would,  I  think,  be  impossible  to  say,  considering 
the  great  antiquity  of  it,  as  it  seems  to  have  been 
known  to  most  of  the  Eastern  nations  in  very 
early  times.  Edwaed  Paefitt. 

Of  the  invention  of  this  game.  Gibbon  says : — 


o'  "^ 

.if 


t^. 


^ 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'-d  S.  XI.  May  11, 


■''  The  same  Indians  (of  Hindostan)  invented  the 
game  of  chess,  which  was  likewise  introduced 
into  Persia  under  the  reign  of  Nushirvan  "  (a.d. 
531-579).  The  authority  cited  is  the  Historia 
Shahiludii  of  Dr.  Hyde.  Decline  and  Fall,  chap, 
xlii.  vol.  iy.  p.  Oi,"  ed.  1846,  Of  its  introduc- 
tion into  Greece,  he  says: — "The  Epistle  of  the 
Emperor  (Nicephorus)  to  the  Caliph  (Harun  Al 
Rashid)  was  printed  with  an  allusion  to  the  game 
of  chess,  which  had  already  spread  from  Persia 
to  Greece." — Ibid.  chap,  lii .  vol.  v.  p.  205.  Sir 
William  Jones  (2nd  vol.  of  Asiatic  Researches) 
takes  the  same  view  as  Gibbon,  that  the  game  was 
invented  in  Hindostan,  and  imported  into  Persia 
in  the  sixth  century.  H.  P.  D. 

The  Bokdxjre  Wavy  (3"1  S.  x.  421,  &c.)  — 
In  writing  upon  the  Bordure  Wavy,  Ljdlius  says 
that  "  it  is  thus  that  the  arms  are  distinguished  of 
the  Venetian  houses  which  have  borne  the  rank  of 
Doge."  May  I  ask  him  to  kindly  give  us  some 
iiiithority  for  this  statement  ?  I  am  familiar  with 
the  arms  of  the  Contarini,  Foscari,  Morosiui,  and 
the  other  great  Venetian  families,  but  have  never 
met  with  an  instance  of  this  use  of  the  Bordure 
Wavy ;  nor  can  I  find  it  in  any  armorial  or 
heraldic  work  that  I  liave  been  able  to  consult. 
Will  L.ELius  oblige  others  besides  myself  with 
further  information  ?  J.  Woodwaed. 

Duxbak's  ''  Social  Life  iif  Foemer  Days  " 
(3'^  S.  xi.  192.) — A  friend  has  called  my  attention 
to  "  N.  &  Q."  dated  March  9  last,  in  which  Jay- 
dee  hopes  that  in  a  futm-e  edition  of  Social  Life  in 
Former  Bays  (second  series),  I  will  alter  the 
printing  of  the  dates  at  pp.  11,  13,  14,  16,  and 
others.  This  I  cannot  do,  as  the  words  in  the 
original  documents,  viz.,  "the  year  of  God  Jajvic 
and  twentie  fyve  yeares  "  (1625),  have  been  ex- 
actly copied  by  the  printer. 

e.  duxbae  dunbae. 

Albert  Dttrer's  "  Knight,  Death,  and  the 
Devil"  (3^"  S.  xi.  95,222.)— Surely  the  time  has 
arrived  when  modem  intelligence  should  decide 
upon  the  proper  designation  and  meaning  of  this 
preeminently  wonderful  engraving,  and  an  end  be 
put  to  the  platitudes  indulged  in  by  the  majority 
of  those  who  have  hitherto  attempted  its  ex- 
planation. To  the  long  list  of  its  different  con- 
jectured names  mentioned  by  Mr.  Holt,  your 
correspondent  11.  E.  W.  has  added  another,  viz. 
that  of  "  Fortitude,"  which,  notwithstanding  the 
eminence  of  the  authority  who  has  ventured  so  to 
style  it,  still  appears  to  bo  as  wide  of  the  mark  as 
any  which  figures  in  such  list.  One  fact,  to  my 
mind,  is  worth  a  thousand  theories,  and  it  is  but 
time  wasted  to  wander  from  the  real  object  in 
speculating  upon  a  supposed  "repentir"  of  an 
artist.  _  Mr.  Holt  has  stated  that  what  he  sub- 
mits is  a  fact,  viz.  that  this  engraving  is  the 
*'Xemesis''  of  Albert  Durer,  and  so  designated 


by  him.  Mr.  Holt  has  given  his  reasons  for 
arriving  at  that  conclusion,  and  it  is  now  for  art 
critics  to  decide  whether  he  is  right ;  and  if  wrong, 
to  enlighten  us  why.  To  bring  the  question 
substantially  to  an  issue,  I  put  the  following 
query  to  your  readers :  —  Has  Mr.  Holt  satis- 
factorily proved  the  engraving  popularly  known 
by  the  absurd  name  of  "  The  Ivnight,  Death,  and 
the  Devil,"  to  be  Durer's  "  Xemesis."  Aye  or  no  ? 
Let  that  be  the  point  for  consideration,  and  upon 
the  result  will  depend  the  necessity  of  seeking 
any  other  or  better  name  for  it.  At  least  j'Jre 
of  the  authors  mentioned  in  Mr.  Holt's  appendix 
are  in  existence,  and  to  those  names  may  now  be 
added  that  of  Mr.  Ruskin.  There  is  consequently 
no  lack  of  talent  to  answer  my  query,  and  enable 
the  interesting  question  to  be  satisfactorily  solved. 

S.  W.  D. 

"  CORRUPTIO  OPTIMI  PESSIMA  "  (S"''^  S.    xi.  216, 

266.)  — Aristotle  in  his  Ethics  to  Nicomachus,  and 
in  his  Politics,  has  this  idea.  Speaking  of  govern- 
ments, he  says  that  "Tyranny,"  being  the  corrup- 
tion, ^QopoL,  of  the  best  form, "  kingly  government," 
is  therefore  the  worst :  (^"  KaKicrrov  -yap  rh  ivavriov  r^ 
$e\Ti(TTa),  quod  enim  optimo  est  contrarium,  pes- 
simum").  Fth.  Nic,  b.  viii.  c.  10.,  ed.  Wilkinson, 
1809.     And  again, — 

'Am^/crj  yap  r)]v  fxlv  rrjs  Trpuirrjs  Kol  deioraTTis  [ttoM- 

reias~\  TcapeK^affiv,  ilvai  xe'P'CTjjv Pol.  b,  iv.  c.  2.  ed. 

Tauciin.  Leips.  1831. 

The  original  idea  may  therefore  be  fairly  as- 
signed to  Aristotle,  and  the  Latin  expression  is 
only  a  paraphrase,  perhaps  first  made  either  by 
one  of  the  Latin  Fathers,  or  by  one  of  the  School- 
men. Thomas  Aquinas  often  alludes  to  the  senti- 
ment ;  e.  y. — 

"  Optimo  enim  opponitur  pessimura,  ut  dicitur  in 
8.  Ethic." — Prim.  Sec,  quKSt.  xxxix.  art.  iv.  1. 

"  Philo.  dicit  in  8.  Etiiic.  quod  pessimum  optimo  con- 
trarium."— Prim.  Sec,  qu.  Ixxiii.  art.  iv.  3. 

"Pncterea  sicut  regnum  est  optimum  regimen  ita 
tyrannis  est  pessima  corntptio  regiminis." — Prim.  Sec.^ 
qu.  cv.  art.  i.  5. 

"  Sed  contra  est  quod  optiifio  opponitur  pessimum,  ut 
patet  per  Pliilosophum  ia  8.  Ethic,"  —  Sec  Secitiid., 
qu.  xxxiv.  art.  ii.  3. 

The  third  instance  above  quoted  might  very 
easily  be  condensed  by  any  subsequent  writer  into 
the  proverbial  form  now  so  common,  "  corruptio 
optimi  pessima."  Certainly  it  is  much  older  than 
Owen  Feltham.  E.  A,  D. 

Low-side  Windows  (1^'  S.  i.  55,  111 ;  2°'»  S. 
V,  236,  347;  S"^  S.  ix.  535.)  — So  much  has  been 
said  about  this  subject  in  the  pages  of  "X.  &  Q.," 
that  an  apology  is  needed  for  again  introducing  it. 
The  principal  theories  advanced  on  this  ve.vata 
qucestio  are  — 

1.  That  they  are  exterior  confessionals.  Mr.  E. 
J.  Carlos,  in  the  Gentleman's  Mayazine  for  October, 


Si^dS.XL  May  11, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


391 


1846,  quotes  a  passag'e  in  a  letter  of  Bedyll  to 
Cromwell  as  follows  :  — 

"  We  think  it  best  that  the  place  where  these  friars 
have  been  wont  to  hear  outward  confession  of  all  comers, 
at  certain  times  of  the  year,  be  walled  up,  and  that  use  to 
be  foredone  for  ever." 

This  theory  was  strongly  advocated  by  the 
i^cclesiological  Society,  in  their  Handbook  of 
Unglish  Ecchsiolor/i/. 

2.  Openings  for  lepers  to  assist  at  mass. 

3.  Used  for  watching  the  light  in  the  Easter 
sepulchre,  hence  they  have  heen  called  Ii/chno- 
scopes. 

4.  Paley,  in  his  Gothic  Architecture,  considers 
they  were  offertory  windows. 

5.  A  writer  in  the  Ecclesioloc/id  (vol.  v.  p.  187) 
considers  them  symbolical  of  the  wound  in  Our 
Saviour's  side. 

My  object  in  troubling  you  with  this,  is  to  draw 
attention  to  a  letter  which  appeared  in  the  Gentle- 
man''s  Magazine  in  December,  1861.  The  writer, 
**J.  S.,"  gives  an  extract  from  Mr.  Nichols's 
volume  of  the  Camden  Society,  Narratives  of  the 
Days  of  the  Reformation,  as  follows :  — 

"  The  Papists  too  bwlde  them  an  alter  in  olde  master 
VVhj'te's  house,  John  Craddock  hys  man  being  clarcke  to 
ring  the  bell,  and  too  help  the  prist  too  mass,  untyll  he 
was  threatned  that,  j-f  he  dyd  use  too  putt  hys  hand  oictt 
of  the  wyndow  too  ring  the  bell,  that  a  hand-goon  shoulde  j 
make  hym  to  smartt,  thatt  he  sholld  nott  pull  in  his 
hand  agayne  with  ease."  | 

"J.  S."  asks:—  | 

"  May  not  this  quotation  explain  the  use  of  the  low- 
side  windows  found  in  the  chancels  of  manj-  churches, 
viz.  that  they  were  used  (when  a  saucte  bell- turret  did 
not  exist)  for  the  purpose  of  the  clerk  or  attendant  ring- 
ing out  of  them  a  hand-bell  at  the  time  of  the  elevation 
of  the  Host,  to  admonish  the  faithful  outside  to  fall  upon 
their  knees  ? " 

Would  any  correspondent  give  me  further  in- 
formation on  this  interesting  subject  ? 

JOHX  Pl«GOT,  JtJN. 

Harp  (3'<^  S.  xi.  214.)  —I  fancy  that  the  fol- 
lowing remarks  will  apply  to  the  drift  of  R.  E.  B.'s 
query:  —  Certain  identical  forms  of  art  are  no 
criterions  by  which  to  assume  a   connection  of 
races.     There  are  innate   ideas   common  to  the 
whole  human  family,  and  which  are  simply  varied 
by  circumstances.     Thus,  the  Gveek  fret  has  been 
found  in  the  historically  unknown  ruins  of  Central 
America,  and  even  in  Polynesia.     The  forms  of 
ancient  Ninevite  and  Egyptian  art  may  be  recog- 
nised in  Cliiua.     The  Arab,  the  Malay,  the  Kafir, 
have  the  same,  or  at  any  rate  a  similar,  innate 
perception   of  propriety  in  the   arrangement   of 
colours.     It  is  an  open  question  whether  there  is  1 
not  one  general  sense  of  the  beautiful  common  to  I 
all ;  and  that  the  dyed  teeth,  and  other  altera-  i 
tions  of  societies,  are  not  rather  efforts  at  exclu-  ' 
siveness  than  any  real  admiration  of  such  pecu-  j 


liarities.  In  the  mythology  of  all  black  races  we 
always  find  the  white  deity ;  but  in  that  of  white 
races  the  coinpliment  is  not  returned,  and  the 
black  spirit  is  invariably  evil — from  an  innate 
sense  of  universal  harmony. 

English  and  French  astronomei's  have  dis- 
covered the  same  new  planet,  so  to  speak,  at  the 
same  moment ;  and  Hugh  Miller  tells  us,  in  the 
Testimony  of  the  Rocks,  that,  long  after  the  popu- 
larity of  a  certain  chintz  pattern  had  grown  out 
of  date,  the  peculiar  design  was  discovered  to  be 
the  natural  form  or  pattern  of  the  bark  of  some 
fossil  Sif/illaria. 

_  To  multiply  instances  were  needless.  Specula- 
tions on  such  coincidences  —  before  the  modem 
historic  period,  at  any  rate — are  pleasing  exer- 
cises of  ingenuity,  and  to  a  certain  extent  useful : 
but  they  do  not  worm  out,  with  any  reliability, 
the  secrets  of  ''the  speechless  past."'  The  same 
germs  of  thought  are  common  to  all. 

Pre-historic  man  is  not  so  far  back  as  we  are  in 
the  habit  of  supposing.  The  Egyptian,  Pelas- 
gian,  Scythian,  and  that  ubiquitous  "Kelt,"  do 
not  in  truth  convince  us  ;  and  we  may  waste  verv 
unprofitably  much  valuable  time  in  accumulatins' 
conjectures  about  them.  Sr,° 

N.B.  In  Hoskins's  Ethiopia  are  some  very  fine 
representations  of  ancient  Egyptian  (?)  art. 

Abmitage  (.3"»  S.  xi.  136.)— There  is  a  hamlet 
in  the  parish  of  Almondbury,  about  two  miles 
from  Huddersfield,  called  Armitage  Bridge,  which 
appears  to  be  the  place  referred  to  by  Hunter  in 
his  notice  of  the  Armitages  of  Doncaster,  "■  Lords 
of  the  Foliot,  manor  of  Barnby,"  (  Vide  S.  Yorks., 
Hand,  of  Doncaster,  vol.  i.  p.  210.)     He  says  : 

"  The  connection  of  this  family  of  Armitage  with  the 
family  seated  at  Kirklees  is  not  known,  nor  can  they  be 
connected  with  the  Armitages  of  Armitage,  tlie  Hermitage, 
in  the  township  of  Crosland,  the  original  it  may  be  pre- 
sumed of  all  the  branches  of  that  ancient  family." 

In  Ormerod's  Cheshire,  vol.  iii.  p.  74,  is  a  pedi- 
gree of  "  Ermitage  of  Hermitage."  Ivirklees  Park 
is  only  a  few  miles  from  Armitage  Bridge. 

Hexry  W.  S.  Tatloe. 
Halifax. 

Fltntopt's  Chaxx  (3"-''  S.  xi.  267.)  —  In  the- 
Rev.  W.  H.  Havergal's  Old  Church  Psalmodi/, 
there  is  a  L.  M.  tune  in  G  minor,  called  "  Plav- 
ford,"  to  which  this  chant  bears  a  striking  re- 
semblance. The  tune  is  from  Playford's  Collection, 
folio,  1671,  and  the  melody  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing notes :  — 

G   a   a   B    G   G   fU  C       B    C   D    E   D   D    C    n. 
DFDCBBAB        BABCBAAG. 

Flintoft's  chant  in  G  minor  is :  — 

G   A    A    B      B    C   D    D    C   D      D    I-    D    C      C    C   C    A    A   G. 

AV.  L.  D. 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S-^dS-XI.  May  11. '67. 


"  Sektittjde,  a  Poem  "  (B"^  S.  ix.  60, 141.)  — 
As  I  have  occasionally  presumed  in  your  colamns 
to  correct  others,  I  now  ask  your  permission  to 
correct  myself.  1.  At  tlie  time  when  my  former 
communication  under  the  above  title  appeared  in 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  I  was  engaged  upon  the  collections  of 
old  newspapers  in  the  British  Museum,  where 
from  the  end  of  1722  to  1731  (when  Defoe  died), 
I  only  succeeded  in  finding  three  numbers  of 
Ajjjjlebee^s  Journal.  The  last  of  these  being  very 
much  in  Defoe's  style,  I  used  the  following  words : 
"  On  March  8,  1729,  Defoe  was  still  writing  the 
editorials,  or  Letters  Introductory,  for  Applehee's 
Journal,'^  &c.  Afterward  I  spent  many  weeks  at 
Oxford,  where  the  Bodleian  Library  possesses  the 
fine  collection  of  old  newspapers  once  belonging  to 
John  Nichols;  and  my  researches  there  proved 
that  Defoe  did  not  write  for  Apphbee's  Journal 
later  than  March  12, 1726. 

2.  In  the  same  contribution  to  "N.  &  Q.," 
speaking  still  of  Defoe,  I  said :  "  I  know  nothing 
published  from  his  pen  after  Servitudey  a  Poem" 
Viz.,  Sept.  20,  1729.  It  is  due,  however,  to  Mr. 
Crosslet  to  say  that  in  ''N.  &  Q."  1^'  S.  iii.  195, 
he  gave  the  whole  title  of  a  shilling  pamphlet  by 
Defoe,  dated  1731, — An  Effectual  Scheme  for  the 
immediate  preventing  of  Street  Itohheries,  &c.  ^" 

Subsequent  investigations  have  confirmed  all  I 
then  stated  as  to  the  respective  shares  of  Robert 
Dodsley  and  Daniel  Defoe  in  Servitude,  a  Poem ; 
but  it  is  due  to  "N.  &  Q."  that  no  error,  however 
trivial,  should  remain  uncorrected  when  additional 
light  shall  have  made  it  manifest  to  the  con- 
tributor, W.  Lee. 

Sir  Nathai^iel  Rich  {B^^  S.  xi.  257.)  —  The 
following  particulars,  given  by  Morant  in  his  His- 
tory of  Essex  (vol,  i.),  may  interest  your  corre- 
spondent : — Edward  Rich,  son  of  Richard  Rich  of 
South  Weald,  died  in  1599,  leaving  by  Joan, 
daughter  and  heir  of  Edward  Sanders,  Esq., 
Robert  of  Stondon,  who  married  Elizabeth,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  Thomas  Dutton,  Knt.,  and  had  by  her 
Nathaniel  his  son  and  heir,  called  Colonel  Rich.  He 
married,  first,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Edmund 
Hamden  of  Buckinghamshire,  Knt. ;  secondly, 
Anne,  daughter  of  Charles  Earl  of  Ancram.  By 
this  last  he  had  no  issue,  but  by  the  first  he  had 
two  sons,  Nathaniel  and  Robert.  Nathaniel  mar- 
ried Mary,  daughter  of  Matthew  Rudd  of  Little 
Baddon,  by  whom  he  had  several  children. 

John  Piggot,  Juk. 

Bearded  Women  (2°<*  S.  viii.  247,  333, 478.) 

Under  the  above  references  many  instances  of 
bearded  women  are  mentioned,  some  of  whom 
have  been  exhibited  in  London  within  the  past 
twenty  years.  At  about  that  date,  I  saw  a  bearded 
woman  exhibited  in  Birmingham;  she  was,  I 
think,  a  Swiss.  Her  hair  was  very  black,  and 
she  was  afi-ightful  specimen  of  ''poor  humanity." 


Perhaps  this  is  the  same  lady  who,  as  I  write 
this,  is  exhibiting  herself  at  Peterborough,  in 
company  with  a  bearded  boj^,  and  who  is  thus 
announced  in  an  advertisement  in  the  Peterhorough 
Times,  March  23,  1867 :  — 

"Notice!  —  Great  Atteactiox  for  the  Week. 
Open  Every  Evening  at  Six  o'clock,  in  a  splendid  spa- 
cious Pavilion  in  the  Paddock  at  the  Waggon  and  Horses, 
Bridge  Street,  Peterborough. 

"Extraordinary  Novelties,  consisting  of  the  Swiss 
Bearded  Lady,  a  lady  possessing  a  Beard  eight  inches 
and  a  half  in  length,  as  black  as  jet,  and  as  fine  as  silk. 
She  is  accompanied  by  her  Sox,  a  boy  of  12  years  of 
age,  who  has  a  Beard  three  inches  and  a  half  in  length. 
He  is  also  covered  -(vith  fine  silky  hair  over  his  Back  and 
Amis.  Also  one  of  the  best  Scotch  Pipers  under  the 
British  Flag  is  to  be  heard  at  this  establishment. 

"  In  addition  to  the  above  there  will  be  a  Steam  Circus, 
Rifie  Gallery,  Exhibition  of  Arts,  &c. 

"  Admission  Twopence.    Children  half-price." 

Ctjthbert  Bede. 

Dancing  in  Chitrch  (3"^*  S,  xi.  175.)  —  I  have 
often  in  Italy  seen  the  pifferari  or  Calabrian  bag- 
pipers playing  and  dancing  heiove  out-door  shrines 
of  the  Madonna  and  saints.  I  presume  that  their 
dancing  is  a  joyous  religious  act. 

J.  H.  Dixon. 

Song  (3"^  S.  xi.  287.)  — Thanks  to  Mr.  John- 
son Baily.  I  believe  the  song  to  be  older  than 
the  time  of  Matthew  Henry ;  the  idea  has  pro- 
bably been  suggested  by  the  passage  in  Chaucer 
quoted  by  Mr.  Baily.  For  its  origin  we  are  in 
all  probability  indebted  to  some  of  the  ancient 
Rabbins  or  Talmudists.  J.  H.  Dixon. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Accounts  and  Papers  relating  to  3Iarrj  Queen  of  Scots. 

Edited  6y  Allan  J.  Crosby,  Esq.  and  John  Bruce,  Esq. 

(Camden  Society.) 

This  last  publication  of  the  Camden  Societj'  contains 
two  new  contributions  towards  the  elucidation  of  that 
chapter  of  unfading  interest  in  our  national  histoiy,  the 
unhappy  story  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots.  The  first  part 
of  the  volume,  which  is  derived  from  the  Public  Record 
Office,  and  edited  b}'  Mr.  Allan  Crosby,  consists  of  papers 
relating  to  the  expenses  of  Queen  Mary's  maintenance  in 
England  and  to  her  funeral ;  and  from  these  it  is  evident 
that,  whatever  charges  may  be  brought  against  Queen 
Elizabeth  in  respect  of  her  treatment  of  her  unfortunate 
cousin,  that  of  illiberality  —  at  least  during  the  later 
period  of  her  captivity  —  cannot  be  maintained.  Mr. 
Crosbj'  is  a  new  editor,  and  has  done  his  duty  in  a  careful 
and  unpretending  manner,  and  we  shall  hope  to  receive 
other  books  from  his  hands.  The  second  article  is  a  justi- 
fication of  Queen  Elizabeth,  obviously  written  with  the 
view  of  being  oflfered  to  her  government  for  publication. 
The  importance  of  such  a  document  is  evident.  The 
original  MS.  is  in  the  library  of  Sir  Thomas  Winnington, 
who  kindly  permitted  it  to  be  published ;  and  is  edited  by 
Mr.  Bruce,  to  whom  the  Camden  Society  is  indebted  for 
manj'  similar  kindnesses. 


S'l  S.  XI.  May  11,  '67.j 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


Dr.  Ogihie's  ScJiool  Dktionanj.  An  English  Dictionary, 
Etymological,  Pronouncing,  and  Explanatory,  for  the 
Use  of  Schools.  Comprising  all  purely  English  Words 
171  common  Use,  Bible  Words  not  now  used,  and  Shak- 
spearian  Words ;  also,  Lists  of  Affixes  and  Prefixes, 
Abbreviations,  and  Latin  and  French  Phrases.  By 
John  Ogilvie,  LL.D.,  Editor  of  the  •'  Imperial,"  '•  Com- 
prehensive," and  "  Student's"  Dictionaries.  The  Pro- 
nunciation adapted  to  the  lest  Modern  Usage,  by  Eichard 
Cull,  F.S.A. 

This  -Nvork  which  is  based  upon,  and  is  indeed  an 
abridgement  of,  The  Students'  English  Dictionary,  is 
characterised  hy  all  the  essential  features  which  induced 
lis  to  recommend  that  as  a  compact  and  comprehensive 
Dictionary  for  the  higher  class  of  students.  This  is 
equally  deserving  attention  for  the  use  of  lower  forms. 
Oidlincs  of  Logic  for  the  Use  of  Schools  and  Students. 
By  the  Rev.  Francis  Garden,  M.A.  (Rivingtons.) 
The  object  which  the  accomplished  author  of  the  work 
"before  us,  the  Sub-Dean  of  the  Chapel  Royal,  has  here 
proposed  to  himself  is,  to  produce  a  book  of  accessible  and 
available  dimensions,  which  shall  at  once  trace  the  out- 
line of  pure  Logic,  and  pause  long  enough  on  its  details 
to  suggest  their  signiticance  and  importance.  We  have 
reason  to  believe  that  this  is  a  want  among  our  books  of 
education  ;  but  a  want  which,  thanks  to  Mr.  Garden,  can 
not  be  said  to  exist  any  longer. 

A  Handbook  to  the  Charities  of  London ;   comprising  the 
Object,  Date,  Address,  Income,  and  Expenditure,  Trea- 
surer, and  Secretary  of  above  Eight  hundred  Cliaritable 
Institutions   and   Funds.      Corrected  to  3Iarch,   1867. 
By  Sampson  Low,  Jun.     (Low,  Son  &  Co.) 
If  London   laj-s  no  claim  to  l)e  considered  a  City  of 
Palaces,  it  is  entitled  to  the  proud  distinction  of  being  a  | 
City   of  Charities;  and  in  this  little  volume  Mr.  Low  ] 
contributes  to  the  usefulness  of  the  Institutions  he  de-  \ 
scribes    by  making  them   more  generalh'  known;   and  i 
we  hope  may  procure  for  them   increased  support    by 
awakening  a  more  general  recognition  of  their  usefulness 
and  consequent  claims. 

The  Camden  Society. — The  Annual  General  Meeting 
was  held  on  the  2nd  Inst.,  when  Sir  Frederick  Madden, 
Evelyn  Philip  Shirlej',  Esq.,  and  the  Rev.  John  Webb, 
were  chosen  to  supply  the  places  of  the  three  retiring 
Members  of  the  Council.  The  announcement  in  the  Re- 
port that  Sir  T.  Winnington's  interesting  MS.,  Dinely's 
History  in  3Iarble,  with  its  hundreds  of  pen-and-ink 
Drawings  of  Antiquities,  Churches,  Monuments,  Brasses, 
Coats  of  Arms,  &c.,  was  to  be  produced  in  facsimile,  was 
received  with  great  satisfaction. 

LiTERATUKE  AND  LONGEVITY.— It  says  Something  for 
Literature,  as  a  means  of  prolonging  life  and  the  enjoy- 
ment of  life,  that  we  have  in  this  day's  "  N.  &  Q."  com- 
munications from  no  less  than  three  nonagenarians. 


BiLBURY  Thobland,  by  C.  Horton.    About  1840. 

The  Phospectivb  Kkvikw.    Vol  X. 

Xew  Monthly  Maoazi.ne.     Nos.  for  Sept.  Oct.  Not.  and  Dec.  1S3J 

(or  vol.  XXXIX.) 
Ditto,  Nos.  for  May,  June,  July,  and  Au^.  1810  (or  vol.  LIX. ) 
Ditto,  all  Tolumes  after  1^59. 
FoREtoN  Qdabtuhly  Keview.    Vol.  VIII.,  containinK  Nos.  for  July 

and  Oct.  1831. 
Wanted  by  Mr. .  1  Ux.  Ireland,  Alder  Bank,  Bowdon,  Cheshire. 


^atiteS  ta  ((LavreS^anamti. 


Habfba.  The  poem,  "The  Butterflu's  Ball  and  the  Gi-asihojyper'.^ 
Feact"  is  included  among  the  Poetical  Works  of  William  Hoscoe,  pub- 
lished in  honour  of  the  Centenary  of  hi.<  Birthday,  March  s,  ISSS,  p.  88. 
On  the  title-page  of  the  illvstrated  edition  of  it,  reijublished  bu  Bos- 
%conh  in  \%bb,  it  is  attributed  {we  thinlc  erroneously)  to  Thomas  lloscoe. 
""  The  Peacock  at  Home,"  is  by  Mrs.  Dorset,  and  was  republished  with 
her  other  Poems  in  1809,  I2mo. 

F.  H.  H.  The  music  of  The  Duenna  ivas  selected  and  composed  by 
Thomas  Linley  and  his  son  Thomas. 

E.  S.  D.  The  couplet  on"  Sorrel"  icas  suppressed  b'/ Pope,  but  ap- 
peared  in  Hie  editions  of  his  worls  after  his  death.  It  is  to  be  found  in 
Roscoe's  edition  of  Bopc's  Works,  vi.  390,  and  in  Dr.  Knox's  Elegant 
Extracts. 

W.  S.  C.  T/ie  epitaph  is  on  Henrietta  Maria  Percu,  at  Blandford, 
Dorset,  and  is  printed,  not  in  ''  N.  &  Q.,"  but  in  Pettiareiv's  Chronicles 
oftheTombs.p.  438. 

J.  A.  G.  Southey's  paper  on  William  Chamberlayne,  the  author  of 
Pharonnida,  appeared  in  Ailcir.'s  Athenoeum  of  June,  1807,  vol.  i. 
pp.  594-605. 

H.  CCamberwell.)  "As  sovnd  asaroche." that  is  rocH.  Rocheioas 
formerly  tlte  pronunciation  of  Rock  iip  Yorkshire.  See  Pegge's  Anony- 
miana.p.  349,  ed.  1809. 

John  Dixon  (Florence.)  All  pre^entationbooks  have  to  be  laid  before 
the  trustees  of  the  library,  which  may  occasion  delay  in  acknowledging 
the  receipt  of  them. 

Family  Qoehies — If'e  must  repeat  our  notice  that  Queries  respecting 
families,  which  are  not  of  general  interest,  cannot  be  inserted  unless  vjith 
the  name  and  address  of  trie  Querists  to  whom  the  Replies  may  be  for- 
warded direct. 


is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


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Fbee  Thocohts  on  Pdblic  Affairs.    IbOG. 
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394 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LS'dS.  XL  May.  11, '67. 


rOZlD  DVFFERXN'S   XCEXiAlffD. 

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NOTES  AND  aUERIES: 

31  glcMuiu  nf  Intcrromnmiutaticn 

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Rabbinical  paraphrase  of  the  pro-  King    Darids,  son  of  Hystaspes, 

phecyof  "the  latter  days  "is  given,  one  of  the   best-knoivn    kings  of 

throwing  much  light  upon  its  in-  Persian  history;"  thus  far  having 

terpretation.    The  work  also  con  -  done  a  real  service  towards  unfold- 

tains  several  diagrams  to  illustrate    ing  the  dates  of  Damel There 

the  retrograde  movement    of  the  is  some  truth  in  tlie  statement  that 

solarrayupon  the  dial  in  the  palace  Dr.   Pusev,  who  had  "  the  key  to 

ofHezekiah.'       London  Review.  unlock  the  mystery"  (of  the  Se- 
venty Weeks'),  casts   it  away  by 

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years,  after  the  Mission  of  Moses  ;  how  the  Building  of 
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[3"  S.  XI.  Mat  18,  '67. 


AxrsTxxa-  on  jusisPRiTBEia-cz:. 

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at-Law. 

"  These  lectures  possess  a  degree  of  value,  and  deserve  a  position  in 
English  literature,  which  it  is  difficult  to  rate  too  highly.  With  the 
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Englishman  of  any  considerable  ability  who  ever  made  the  study  of 
jurisprudence  proper  the  object  of  his  lite."— Saturday  Meview. 

n. 

Also  lately  published, 

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History  of  Society,  and  its  Relation  to  Modern  Ideas.  By  H. 
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Edition.    8vo.    12s. 

"A  text-book  for  all  English  students  of  jurisprudence.  It  presents 
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fications of  the  history  of  jurisprudence  which  can  be  followed  by  learned 
ingenuity:  it  handles  law  in  a  large  and  free  spirit;  it  clears  up  pomts 
as  to  which  an  obscurity  prevails,  and  it  is  written  with  singular  clear- 
ness and  a  most  remarkable  command  of  metaphorical  languaze." 

Saturday  Review. 
III. 

THE    STUDENT'S    BLACKSTONE.      An 

Abridgment  of  the  Commentaries  of  Sir  W.  Blackstone,  adapted  to 
the  Present  State  of  the  Law.  By  B.  MALCOLM  KERB,  LL.D., 
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of  obtaining  a  sound,  safe,  and  concise  introduction  to  the  study  of  law, 
the  present  abridgment  will  prove  invaluable.  As  such,  we  predict  for 
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Completion  of  Mr.   Fergrusson's  TVork  on 
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A.  J.  B.  BEHEsroHD  Hope,  M.P. 
Dean  Staxley.  D.D. 
G.  T.  Clakk,  Esq. 
G.  Gilbert  Scott,  B.A. 
Professor  Westmacott,  R.A. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


XiORD  STrrFERXN'S   ICEXiAnrD. 

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Livingstone's    Travels    in    South    Africa.      10th 
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PEOPLE.    By  the  REV.  CHARLES  ROGERS,  LL.D.,  Author 
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London:  HOULSTON  &  WRIGHT,  65, Paternoster  Row. 


3*1  S.  XI.  May  18,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MAY  IS,  1867 


CONTENTS.— No  281, 


NOTES :  —  The  Ballad  of  the  Woman  and  the  Poor  Schol- 
lar,  395  —  An  Eye-Witness  of  the  Execution  of  Louis  XVI., 
396  — Tune  of  "  Roger  de  Coverley  "  —  St.  John,  Theophi- 
liis,  LL.B.  —  Dodson's  "  Anti-Logarithmic  Canon  "  —  "  Cut 
one's  Stick  "  — Pe  Quincey's  Life  and  Works  —  Shelley's 
'  "  Sensitive  Plant "  —  Autographs  in  Books  —  "  Shore  "  for 
"  Sewer  "—Scottish  Highlanders  iuAmerica— Don  Quixote, 
396. 

QUERIES :  —  Dr.  John  Blow— The  Scotch  Colony  of  Darien 
—  "JDiscourse"  in  MS. —Earthwork  Representations  of 
Animals  — High  Sheriff— Mediaeval  Distich  on  the  Last 
Judgment  —  Nelson :  a  Relic  of  Trafalgar  —  Sir  John  Old- 
mixon  —  Parker  and  Rainsborough  Families  —  Hugh  Pri- 
deaux  of  Clunton  —  St.  Matthew  —  Tett6  or  Tet—  Captain 
John  Smith  —  Dr.  Nicholas  Stanley,  398. 

QuEKiES  WITH  Answers  :  —  King  Edward  the  Sixth's  Com- 
missioners —  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  —  "  The  Puritan  turned 
Jesuit,"  &c.  —  "  Bentivolio  and  Urania  "  —  Jo.  Sheffeild  — 
Philtres :  Love  Potions  —  "  Sweet  Shakspeare  "  —  Painters' 
Marks,  400. 

REPLIES:—  Calligraphy,  401  — Atone,  403  — Liddell  Fa- 
mily, 404 — Glasgow:  Lanarkshire  Families,  lb.  —  Foxe's 
"Book  of  Martyrs,"  405  —The  Willow  Pattern,  lb.  —  Col- 
lins, 405  —  Cozens,  the  Water-colour  Painter  —  Abraham 
Thornton  —  Lord  Hailes  —  "All  is  lost  save  Honour"  — 
Ballad  Queries  — "Nee  pluribus  impar"  — Sir  Richard 
Phillips  — Double  Acrostics  — Astronomy  and  History  — 
Hair  Standing  on  End  — Rev.  John  Darwell— Rust  Re- 
moved from  Metals  —  Baronets  of  Ireland  —  Hymnody  — 
David  Jones,  the  Welsh  Freeholder  —  Cusack  and  Lut- 
trell  Epigrams  —  So-called  Grants  of  Arms  —  Inscriptions 
on  Angelus  Bells  —  "  Deaf  as  a  Beetle  "—Sir  James  Wood's 
Regiment,  &c.,  407. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


THE  BALLAD  OF  THE  WOMAN  AND  THE 
POOR  SCHOLLAR. 

The  following  ballad,  transcribed  from  a  small 
MS.  collection  of  old  poetry,  written  early  in  tbe 
seventeenth  century,  is,  perhaps,  worthy  of  being 
transferred  to  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  The 
rhymes  flow  smoothly,  and  the  style  of  versifi- 
cation pretty  clearly  shows  us  the  date  of  the 
composition.  It  is  the  same  story  as  the  Devon- 
shire tale  of  "Jack  Hannaford,"  printed  in  the 
eighth  volume  of  the  present  series  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
(p.  122),  and  I  believe  the  story  is  still  current  in 
several  of  our  English  counties.  A  note  in  the 
MS.  states  that  it  was  ''  written  by  one  Gilford, 
a  servant  to  Edward  Cope  of  Edon,  Esq."  Pro- 
bably this  was  Humfrey  GifFord,  the  author  of 
a  scarce  little  volume  entitled  A  Poesie  of  Gillo- 
JloiverSj'Lon.di.  1580 — a  poet  of  whom  little  or  no- 
thing is  known,  although  he  wrote  with  great 
ease,  and  probably  occupied  some  literary  position 
in  his  day  :*  — 

"  Sometime  in  France  a  woman  dwelt, 
Whose  husband  being  dead, 
Within  a  yeere  or  somewhat  more, 
An  other  did  her  wed. 


[*  This  "Mery  lest,"  as  it  is  entitled,  is  by  Humfrey 
GifFord,  Gent.,  and  printed  in  A  Posic  of  Gilloflowers, 
1580,  p.  62,  of  which  Ritson  says,  the  only  copy  known 
is  in  the  Royal  library. — Ed.] 


"  This  good  wife  had  of  wealth  great  store, 
Yet  was  her  wit  but  thin  ; 
To  shew  what  happe  to  her  befell, 
Mj'  muse  doth  now  begin. 

"  It  chaunced,  that  a  scholler  poore, 
Attirde  in  coarse  aray, 
To  see  his  friends,  that  dwelt  farre  thence, 
From  Paris  tooke  his  way. 
"  The  garments  were  all  rent  and  tome, 
Wherewith  this  wight  was  clad  ; 
And  in  his  purse,  to  serve  his  neede, 
Not. one  deneere  he  had. 
"  He  was  constrained  to  crave  the  alms 
Of  those  which  oft  would  give, 
His  need}'  and  his  poore  estate 
With  something  to  relieve. 
"  This  scholler,  on  a  frostie  morn, 
By  chaunce  came  to  the  doore 
Of  this  old  silly  woman's  house, 
Of  whome  wee  spake  before. 
"  The  husband  then  was  not  at  home  : 
Hee  craveth  of  the  dame, 
Who  had  him  in,  and  gave  him  meate, 
And  askt  from  whence  hee  came. 
" '  I  came,'  quoth  hee, '  from  Paris  towne ' ; 
'  From  Paradise,'  (quoth  she") 
'  Men  call  that  Paradise,  the  place 
Where  all  good  soules  shal  bee.' 
" '  Cham  zure  my  vurst  goodman  is  dere, 

Which  died  this  other  yeere ; 
4    Chould  geve  my  friend  a  good  gray  groate. 
Some  news  of  him  to  heare.' 
"  He  saw  she  did  mistake  his  wordes. 
And  thought  to  make  some  glee, 
And  said, '  your  husband  is  in  health, 
.1  lately  did  him  see.' 

"  '  Now,  by  my  troth,'  quoth  shee, '  cham  glad ; 
Good  scholler,  doe  declare, 
Was  not  he  wroth,  because  I  sent 
Him  from  this  world  so  bare  ?  ' 

" '  In  deede,'  quoth  he, '  he  was  displeas'd, 
And  thought  it  farre  unmeete, 
You  having  all,  to  send  him  hence 
With  nothing  but  a  sheete.' 

"  Quoth  shee, '  good  scholler,  let  me  know 
When  thou  returnst  agayne.' 
He  answerd, '  Dame,  I  will  be  there 
Within  this  weeke,  or  twayne.' 

"  Shee  saj'de, '  my  friend,  if  that  iche  durst 
Presume  to  be  so  bolde, 
Chould  pray  thee  carrie  him  some  clothes 
To  keepehim  from  the  colde.' 

«  He  said,  he  woulde.    With  all  poste  haste 
Into  the  towne  shee  hies  ; 
Hat,  doublet,  shert,  coate,  hose  and  shoes, 
Shee  there  for  husband  buyes. 

"  She  praying  him,  in  earnest  sorte, 
Them  safely  to  convey. 
Did  geve  him  money  in  his  purse : 
And  so  he  went  his  way. 

"  Not  halfe  of  halfe  an  hower  was  past. 
Ere  husband  hers  was  come. 
What  news  shee  heard  from  Paradise 
Shee  told  him  all  and  some. 


396 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  Mat  18,  '67. 


"  And  farther,  did  to  him  declare. 
What  tokens  she  had  sent : 
Whereat  her  husband  waxed  wroth 
And  wondrous  ill  content ; 
"  He  calde  her  sotte  and  doating  foole  ; 
And  after  him  doth  ride. 
The  scholler  was  within  a  hedge, 
And  him  afarre  espide. 
"  He  was  afrayde,  and  downe  doth  fling 
His  fardeli  in  a  dike. 
The  man  came  neere,  and  askt  him  newes 
Of  one  whom  he  did  seeke, 
"  That  bare  a  fardeli  at  his  backe  ; 
The  scholler  musde  a  while, 
Then  answearing  said,  '  Such  one  I  saw 
Passe  over  yonder  stile.' 
*'  With  hasty  speede  he  down  alightes, 
And  doth  the  scholler  praj', 
Till  he  the  man  had  overtane. 
So  long  the  horse  to  stay. 
"  Untill  he  passed  out  of  sight, 
Full  still  the  scholler  bides  ; 
Who  taking  then  his  fardeli  on 
His  horse,  away  he  rides. 
"  When  he  returnd,  and  saw  himselfe 
By  scholler  flouted  so, 
Yourselves  may  judge,  what  cheere  he  made. 
If  he  were  wroth  or  no. 
"  He  sware,  I  think,  a  hundred  oathes, 
At  length  per  mundian  toots. 
For  that  he  had  no  shoes  to  weare 
Marcht  homewardes  in  his  bootes. 
"  His  wife  did  meete  him  at  the  doore, 
'  Hayee  cought  man  ?  '  qnoth  shee ; 
'  Xo,  Dame,'  he  sayde, '  he  caught  my  horse, 
The  Divel  take  "him  and  thee.' 
•'  With  that  shee  laught,  and  clapt  her  hands. 
And  sayde, '  cham  'glad,  ich  sweare  ; 
For  now  he  hath  a  horse  to  ride, 
He  will  be  quickly  there.' 
"  When  that  her  husband  well  had  wayde, 
That  remedy  there  was  none, 
He  takes  his  fortune  in  good  parte 
And  makes  no  farther  mone. 
"  Now  whether  that  this  honest  wife. 
Did  love  her  first  good  man, 
To  such  as  shall  peruse  this  tale 
The  case  I  leave  to  scan." 

Edward  F.  Rimbault. 


AN  EYE-WITXESS  OF  THE  EXECUTION  OF 
LOUIS  XVI. 

There  is  still  living  at  Leek  in  Staffordshire 
one  Jean  Baptiste  Francois  Mien,  who  was  born 
on  Aug.  15, 1786,  and  was  taken  as  a  prisoner  of 
war  along  with  his  master,  General  Brunet,  at 
St.  Domingo  in  1803,  arriving  at  Leek  on  Oct.  3 
in  the  year  following,  where  he  married  and  set- 
tled down,  as  did  many  of  his  compatriots.  Dur- 
ing the  famine  which  aggravated  the  horrors  of 
the  Revolution,  his  parents,  who  lived  at  Ris, 
a  village  on  the  road  to  Fontainehleau,  managed 


to  conceal  a  quantity  of  flour  in  wine-casks  stowed 
away  in  their  cellar ;  and  Mien,  though  then  only 
seven  years  old,  was  often  employed  in  carrying 
by  night  a  large  loaf  of  bread  to  his  mother's 
brother,  a  M.  Carriere,  who  lived  in  Paris,  some 
fifteen  miles  distant.  It  was  on  one  of  these  oc- 
casions that,  mounted  on  his  imcle's  left  shoulder, 
our  young  hero  was  taken  to  see  the  king's  exe- 
cution in  the  Place  Louis  XV.,  Jan.  21,  1793.  He 
has  a  lively  recollection  of  the  awful  scene,  and 
graphically  describes  how  that  when  the  unhappy 
monarch  wished  to  make  an  "  oration  "  to  tha 
dense  mob  surrounding  the  scafibld,  the  inhuman 
drum-major  raised  his  stick  of  office  as  a  signal 
for  the  drums  to  beat,  and  amid  the  deafening 
rouleynent  the  knife  fell. 

His  mother,  a  midwife,  from  her  freedom  of 
speech  or  some  other  cause,  became  obnoxious  to 
the  government,  and  was  consigned  during  the 
Reign  of  Terror  to  the  Conciergerie.  Our  friend 
perfectly  well  remembers  going  with  his  father  to 
see  her  in  prison,  and  thence,  as  he  alleges,  before 
Robespierre  at  his  own  house  ''somewhere  between 
the  rue  Rivoli  and  the  rue  St.  Honore,"  where  the 
dictator,  whom  he  describes  as  a  fine-looking^ 
man,  sat  at  a  large  table.  This  worthy  lady  had 
a  "desperate  tongue,"  and  being  somewhat  of  a 
politician,  managed  to  convince  Robespierre  that 
her  life  was  necessary  to  the  state,  and  was  con- 
sequently allowed  to  return  home  in  peace  along 
with  her  husband  and  child.  But  one  of  the 
moving  causes,  as  he  conceives,  of  the  arbiter's 
unwonted  clemency  was  the  boy's  presence,  since, 
during  the  whole  of  the  interview,  he  never 
ceased  stroking  his  (the  child's)  head,  muttering 
to  himself  "  Pauvre  petit  garqon!  pauvre  petit 
garqon  !  " 

Strangely  enough.  Mien's  first  visit  to  Paris 
after  his  imprisonment  at  Leek  was  in  1814,  when 
the  re-interment  of  Louis  XVI.  and  Marie  An- 
toinette was  taking  place  with  all  honours  at  St. 
Denis,  after  the  remains  had  been  dug  up  in  the 
garden  of  Descloseaux,  where,  as  he  affirms,  the 
skull  of  the  king  was  foimd  placed  between  the 
legs  of  the  skeleton. 

Years  hence  it  will  be  a  curious  reflection  that 
one  has  gazed  into  eyes  which  beheld  the  martyr- 
dom of  one  of  France's  gentlest-hearted,  if  not 
wisest  or  firmest,  of  rulers ;  and  touched  the  head 
on  which  Robespierre's  polluted  palm  had  even 
for  a  moment  rested.  John  Sleigh. 

Thornbridge,  Bakewell. 


Tune  of  "  Roger  de  Coverlet."  —  The  anti- 
quity of  the  tune  of  "  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  "  has 
often  been  a  subject  of  inquiry  in  "  N.  &  Q."*  In 
the  King's  Pamphlets,  British  Museum,  E.  485, 

[*  "N.  &  Q."  1"  S.  i.  59,  118;  v.  467;  vi.  37.] 


I'd  S.  XI.  May  18,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


Xo.  44,  p.  15,  in  a  tract  giving  an  account  of  a 
quarrel  between  a  Sir  Hugh  Calverley  and  Mr. 
Johu  Griffiths,  in  the  county  of  Cheshire,  occurs 
this  sentence :  — 

"  I  made  the  fiddler  play  a  tune  called  '  Roi^er  of  Caul- 
veley'  from  one  end  of  the  towne  to  the  other.  Tliis  I 
did  to  shew  that  I  did  not  fear  to  be  disarmed  by  them  ; 
and  they  may  thank  tliemselves  for  it,  for  if  they"  had  not 
first  endeavoured  to  mischief  me,  I  should  not  trouble  my- 
eelf  to  have  vext  them." 

The  pamphlet  was  printed  in  the  year  1648. 
This  is  a  considerably  earlier  date  for  the  use  of 
the  tune  than  is  given  by  Chappell  in  his  Popular 
3Iusic  of  the  Olden  Time.  G.  F.  ToAVXSEXD. 

St.  Johx,  TnEorHiLrs,  LL.B. — 

"  St.  John,  Theophilus,  LL.B.  We  have  every  reason 
to  believe  that  these  names  are  wholly  fictitious,  and 
that  the  real  author  of  the  works  which  pass  under  them 
is  a  beneficed  clerjryman  of  great  respectability  in  Hamp- 
shire."— Biog.  Diet,  of  Living  Authors,  Colburn,  1816. 

Plere  is  a  nut  for  your  Hampshire  readers  to 
crack — one  that  will  be  all  the  better  for  having 
laeen  so  long  kept.  Ralph  Thomas. 

DoDSOM's       "  A^-TILOGAEITHMIC       CajTON."  — 

Reuben  Burrow,  in  one  of  his  diaries,  says  that 
William  Jones,  Esq.,  father  of  iSir  William  Jones, 
the  linguist,  "  wrote  the  Preface  to  Dodson's 
Antilogarithmic  Canon.'[  The  following  extracts, 
from  the  Introduction  to  that  scarce  work,  will 
prove  that  there  was  some  ground  for  Mr.  Bur- 
row's assertion  :  — 

"  Article  xxix.  [paccc  viiij.  But  WiiUam  Jones,  Esq. 
(to  whom  I  am  extremely  obliged,  not  only  for  his 
General  Rule  of  Proportion,  but  also  for  the  cases  of 
Compound  Interest,  with  other  curious  problems  relating 
to  that  subject,  and  some  rules  concerning  Mensuration  ; 
as  also  the  liberal  use  of  his  study,  for  collecting  the 
materials  of  this  Tntrodiation.)  shewed  me  his  Method  of 
finding  the  Logarithms  of  Numbers." 

Also,  in  Art.  xxxir.,  Mr.  Dodson  further  adds : — 
"  In  the  drawing  up  of  most  part  of  the  explanation  of 

those  Tables,  I  was  assisted  much  by  the  ingenious  Mr. 

Jolm  Robertson,  F.R.S.,  which  together  with  the  favours 

of  the  before-mentioned  gentlemen,  I  acknowledge  with 

great  thankfulness." 

Mr.  Robertson  is  cited  as  Mr.  Burrow's  in- 
formant. T.  T.  WiLKiJfsox,  F.R.A.S. 

"  Cut  one's  Stick." — Wala  shakaktu  dsahu  = 
nor  have  I  cut  his  stick  =  nor  have  I  deserted 
him.  Apropos  of  this,  the  Arabs  used  the  term 
"  a  cut-road "  for  "  a  highwayman,"  viz.  Icdtiii 
tariJcin,— just  as  we  say  a  "cut-throat,"  "cut- 
purse,"  &C.  G.  F.  NiCHOLLS. 

De  Qfincet's  Life  and  Works.  —  I  am 
wi'iting  a  work  on  Thomas  De  Quincey,  the  Eno'- 
lish  Opium-eater,  and  shall  be  much  obliged  for 
help,  such  as  the  following :  — 

1.  References  to  criticisms  on  him  or  his  works. 


2.  Dates  and  names  of  the  magazines  in  which 
his  papers  appear. 

3.  References  to  opinions  respecting  him,  his 
life,  conversation,  intellectual  powers. 

4.  Facts  about  his  life,  habits,  family,  books, 
reading,  and,  in  short,  anything  pertaining  to  him. 

T.  Emley  Young. 
Falloden  House,  Downs  Road,  Clapton. 

Shelley's  "  Sensitive  Plant." — In  this  poem 
is  a  passage  — 

"  And  delight,  though  less  bright,  was  far  more  deep 
As  the  day's  veil  fell  from  the  world  of  sleep." 
To  me  this  seems  nonsense.     I  have  no  doubt  that 
we  have  a  printer's  blunder  perpetuated.      The 
word  delight  should  evidently  be  "  the  light." 

S.  Jackson. 

Autographs  in  Books. — Bp.  Jeremy  Taylor's 
Golden  Grove,  portrait  and  frontispiece,  sm.  12mo, 
1671,  with  the  autograph  "  C.  Paston "  under- 
neath, which  is  written  in  a  later  but  antique 
hand,  "  Countess  of  Yarmouth.  She  was  daughter 
of  King  Charles  II.,  married  to  the  Earl  of  Yar- 
mouth. A  woman  of  great  goodness  and  piety." 
There  are  ten  pages  of  MS.  prayers  in  the  same 
handwriting  as  the  autograph.  J.  Kinsman. 

Penzance. 

"  Shore"  for  "  Sewer."— The  working  people 
in  this  part  of  Essex  call  a  "  sewer"  a  "shore." 
Skinner's  List  of  Words  not  in  use  within  the 
Memory  of  Man,  published  about  two  hundred 
years  ago,  quoted  by  Dr.  Angus  {Handbook  of  the 
English  Tongue,  p.  69),  mentions  "  shoi-e,  a  sewer," 
as  one  of  the  obsolete  words.  Has  it  slept  and 
risen  again  ?  J.  S.  C. 

Plaistow,  Essex. 

Scottish  Highlanders  in  America. — 

"  Those  who  from  Caledonia's  hills  descend, 
Where  tow'ring  cliflfs  their  rugged  arms  extend; 
Stem  sons  of  havoc,  practised  to  obey 
The  various  calls  of  every  dreadful  day  ; 
Now  in  close  order,  and  collected  might, 
To  wait  the  tumult  of  advancing  fight, 
Xow  in  loose  ranks  to  wield  the  deadlj'  brand, 
Ravage  at  large,  and  mingle  hand  to  hand, 
With  piercing  cries  the  hostile  files  invade. 
And  shake  aloft  in  air  the  massive  blade,"  &c. 

(  Conquest  of  Quebec,  Prize  Poem,  Oxford.) 

It  was  a  bold  conception  of  Lord  Chatham  to 
employ  the  discontented  Scotch  clans  in  American 
warfare.     From  the  above  lines  it  would  appear 
that  they  had  not  yet  abandoned  the  claymore 
and  targe,  which  have  since  been   found  to  be 
incapable   of  resisting  cavalry.     In   even  earlier 
times  it  was  proved  that  the  bravest  infantry  so 
armed  were  unable  to  stand  against  an  impetuous 
charge  of  horsemen  led  by  a  skilful  commander. 
"  Though  thrice  the  western  mountaineer 
Rushed  with  bare  bosom,  on  the  spear. 
And  flung  the  feeble  targe  aside. 
And  with  both  hands  the  broadsword  piled," 


398 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  s.  XI.  May  18,  '67. 


it  was  all  in  vuln,  according  to  Sir  "Walter,  for 
Stanley  "  charged  with  spear  of  fire,"  and  Len- 
nox and  Argyle  were  overthrown.  The  result 
was  the  same  in  another  part  of  the  battle,  after 
a  second  charge  by  the  same  leader,  which  de- 
cided the  victory.  Probably  some  part  of  the 
description  in  Marmion  is  poetical,  but  the  main 
outline  is,  I  believe,  correct. 

It  has  therefore  become  necessary  to  furnish 
the  infantry  with  the  bayonet,  or  some  similar 
weapon,  to  enable  them  to  resist  the  horse  and 
his  rider.  The  sword  and  targe  did  very  well  in 
the  mountains  of  Scotland,  or  on  the  heights  of 
Abraham,  but  would  have  yielded  on  the  plains 
of  India  or  America,  even  to  the  irregular  light 
cavalry.  W.  D. 

Doif  QirixoTE.  —  I  have  long  wondered  what 
could  have  suggested  the  name  of  his  immortal 
hero  to  Cervantes.  Quesada,  one  of  the  Don's 
attributed  surnames  is  common  in  Spain.  Queso 
is  cheese  in  Spanish.  Quijada  or  Quixada  is  also 
a  common  Spanish  name,  meaning  a  jaio.  Ford 
makes  it  mean  lantern-jaioed,  no  doubt  appro- 
priate, but  not  correct.  Qidjote  or  Quixote  is 
armour  for  the  thigh,  or  cuisse.  The  French 
cuissaH,  not  cuissot  (which  means  the  haunch), 
as  the  clever  writer  in  this  month's  Coryihill, 
in  a  sparkling  article  entitled  "  Don  Quixote's 
Country,"  says  in  a  note  at  p.  454,  No.  88. 
Don  Thigh-piece  is  then  the  Don's  real  name. 
This  is  worth  taking  note  of,  as  it  may  get  lost 
again.  C.  D.  L. 

Greenock. 


Dk.  John  Blow.  —  In  the  little  work  entitled 
Historical  Notices  of  the  Office  of  Choristers  by  the 
Eev.  J.  E.  Millard  (London,  1848,)  mention  is 
made  (p.  53)  of  "the  story  told  of  the  eminent 
musician  Blow — namely,  that  when  a  chorister 
he  saved  all  the  choir  books  from  Puritanical  out- 
rage by  burying  them,  thereby  preserving  to  the 
present  day  some  fine  old  music  which  would  not 
othei'wise  have  survived  those  troubled  times." 
This  story  is  undoubtedly  apocryphal  as  respects 
Blow,  who  was  born  in  1648,  and  became  a  choris- 
ter of  the  Chapel  Royal  upon  its  re-establishment 
in  1660 ;  but  may  possibly  (notwithstanding  the 
improbability  of  books  being  jireserved  by  burial) 
have  been  truly  related  of  some  other  person.  I 
would  therefore  ask,  if  and  where  any  earlier 
version  of  the  anecdote  than  that  of  Dr.  Millard  is 
to  be  found  ?  W.  H.  Husk. 

The  Scotch  Colony  of  Darien. — In  1702,  or 
thereabouts,  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed 
granting  the  sum  of  398,085^.  10s.  for  compensation 
to  the  proprietors  of  stock  in  the ''African  and 
Indian  Co."  which  sent  out  the  colony  to  Darien, 


and  18,421/.  10s.  lOd.  2/3  to  William  Patterson. 
By  the  same  Act  those  sums  were  to  bear  interest         ! 
at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent,  per  annum,  to  be  paid         ! 
to    the    claimants   by   the    "  Equivalent    Com-  i 

pany,"  By  a  second  Act,  passed  in  1850  or  there- 
abouts, the  Equivalent  Company  were  ordered  to  I 
pay  the  capital  off  to  the  representatives  of  the 
original  claimants,  and  the  10  per  cent,  was 
thenceforth  to  cease.  In  1851,  a  Mr.  Rogerson, 
of  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick,  who  professed  to 
be  a  lineal  descendant  of  Patterson,  came  to  Lon- 
don to  claim  the  sum  granted  in  1702,  Can  any 
of  your  readers  tell  the  dates  of  the  Acts,  say  who 
constituted  the  Equivalent  Company,  or  who  was 
acknowledged  as  Patterson's  representative  ? 

X. 

"DiscouKSE  "  IN  MS.  —  There  is  a  MS.  in  co- 
temporary  handwriting  in  Stanford  library,  en- 
titled — 

"  Discourse  of  the  Providence  necessary  to  be  had,  for 
the  setting  up  of  the  Catholick  Faith,  when  God  shall 
call  ye  Queen  out  of  this  Life.     1603." 

It  contains  twenty-four  folio  pages.  Has  it 
been  ever  in  print,  and  do  our  public  libraries 
contain  any  copies  of  this  treatise  ? 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

Earthwoee:  Repeesentations  of  Animals. — 
In  the  Archceologia,  v.  31.  part  ii.  is  a  paper  by 
William  J.  Thorns,  Esq.,  on  the  "  White  Horse 
of  Berkshire."  In  a  note  to  this  paper  it  is  stated 
that  — 

"Among  other  monuments  of  this  description  still 
existing,  hitherto  but  comparatively  unnoticed,  and  to 
which  ray  attention  has  been  directed  since  the  present 
communication,  [is]  one  near  Ripon  in  Yorkshire,  and 
one  not  far  from  Fraserburgh  in  Scotland." 

It  is  upwards  of  twenty  years  since  this  com- 
munication  was  made   to  the  Society  of  Anti-  , 
quaries,      I  am  anxious  to  know  whether,  since 
that  time,  these  curious  remains  have  been  sur-            I 
veyed,  and  plans  or  sketches  of  them  published. 

If  a  list  of  the  earthwork  representations  of 
animals  to  be  found  in  Europe  has  been  published, 
I  should  be  obliged  by  any  one  directing  my 
attention  to  it.  If,  as  I  believe,  no  such  catalogue 
exists,  it  would  be  well  if  some  student  would 
compile  one.  Cornttb. 

High  Sheriff. — Can  any  of  the  readers  of 
"N.  &  Q."  inform  me  where  the  exact  position 
of  the  High  Sheriff  is  clearly  laid  down,  and  if 
his  wife  is  entitled  to  the  same  precedence  in  the 
society  of  the  county  ?  T.  E.  .1. 

Medieval  Distich  on  the  Last  JtriiGitENr. 
On  an  ancient  seal  I  formerly  saw  the  following 
lines,  and  I  recollect  they  were  expressed  with 
many  contractions :  — 

"  Mortis  vel  vitae  brevis  est  vox  :  Ite,  Venite. 

Dicetur  reprobis  Ite,  Venite  probis."  , 


3'd  S.  XI.  Mai  18,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


I  think  the  seal  was  published  within  these 
few  years,  when  it  again  casually  passed  under 
my  notice.  I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  any  one 
•who  will  refer  me  to  the  seal,  or  to  any  place 
where  the  same  verses  occur.  J.  Gr.  N. 

Nelson  :  a  Relic  of  Tkaealgae.  —  In  The 
Times  of  April  20,  I  observe  a  letter  signed 
"  Francis  John  Scott,  Incumbent  of  Tredington, 
Gloucestershire,"  wherein  the  death  is  announced 
of— 

"William  Sandilands  (borne  on  the  books  of  Her 
Majesty's  ship  Victory  as  W.  Saunders),  the  last  survivor 
of  those  who  carried  the  dying  Nelson  to  the  cockpit  of 
that  ship  at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar." 

Will  Mr.  Scott  favour  the  public  with  as  much 
information  a,s  possible  respecting  this  man,  whose 
antecedents  and  decease  are  worthy  an  historic 
notein"N.  &Q."?  Liom.  F. 

Sir  John  Oldmixon.  —  In  the  Gentleman^ 
Marjazinc  for  Nov.  1818  is  recorded  the  death,  in 
the  United  States  of  America,  of  Sir  John  Old- 
mixon,  "once  known  in  fashionable  life,"  who 
married  "Miss  George,  a  celebrated  vocal  per- 
former in  her  day."  I  do  not  find  his  name  in 
Townsend's  Calendar  of  Knights  from  1760  to 
1828,  and  wish  to  learn  how  he  became  Sir  John, 
and  also  how  nearly  he  was  related  to  John  Old- 
mixon  the  Whig  historian,  satirised  by  Pope  in 
his  Dunciad.  I  believe  there  has  only  been  one 
family  of  this  name,  derived  from  their  ancient 
manor  of  Oldmixon  in  Somersetshire,  and  whose 
pedigree  was  recorded  in  the  Visitation  of  that 
county  in  1623.  N. 

Parker  anb  Rainsboroitgh  Families.  —  In 
Berry's  Kmit  Genealogies,  p.  373,  is  a  pedigree  of 
Parker  of  Northfleet,  co.  Kent.  From  this  it 
appears  that  John  Parker,  eldest  son  of  Richard 
Parker,  who  was  living  at  Shorne,  co.  Kent,  in 
1620,  married  ....  widow  of  ...  .  Rainsborough. 
I  know  not  when  the  wedding  took  place.  The 
husband  was  ten  years  old  in  1620,  and  Mrs. 
Rainsborough  seems  to  have  been  his  second  wife. 
I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  any  one  who  will  give 
me  information  concerning  this  lady  and  her 
former  husband.  Edward' Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

Hugh  Prideatjx  of  Clxjnton.  —  In  Blome's 
Britannia,  I  presume,  for  it  is  only  part  of  the 
work  I  met  with,  I  find  amongst  the  gentry  of  the 
county  of  Devon,  1673,  the  name  of  Hugh  Pri- 
deaux  of  Clunton,  Esq,  My  queries  are,  who 
was  he  the  son  of?  also,  where  is  Clunton,  as  I 
cannot  find  any  such  place  in  any  books  or  maps  I 
have  referred  to  ?  *  George  Prideattx. 

18,  Frankfort  Street,  Plymouth. 


[*  Clunton  is  in  Shropshire,  five  and  a  half  miles  S.  by 
E.  from  Bishop's  Castle.] 


St.  IVIatthew. — There  is  a  line  in  one  of  Biir- 

gers's  poems,  ''Die  Weiber  von  Weinsberg," 
which  contains  some  allusion  to  the  last  chapter 
of  St.  Matthew,  that  is  enigmatical  to  me,  though 
I  do  not  doubt  some  of  your  correspondents  will 
be  able  to  throw  light  on  the  subject.  I  give  the 
stanza,  but  it  is  only  the  first  line  of  which  I  wish 
an  explanation :  — 

"  Doch  wann's  Mattha'  am  letzten  ist, 
Trotz  Eathen,  Thun  und  Beten, 
So  rettet  oft  noch  Weiberlist 

Aus  Aengsten  und  aus  Nothen. 
Denn  Pfaffentrug  und  Weiberlist 
Gehn  iiber  AUes,  wie  ihr  wisst." 

I  have  some  recollection  that  "Mattha'  am 
letzten  "  is  an  expression  of  Luther's,  which  may 
have  become  popularised  in  Germany,  so  as  to  be 
proverbial.  Am  I  right  in  this  ?  If  so,  what  is 
the  meaning  attached  to  it  ?  0.  T.  Ramage. 

Tette  or  Tet. — About  nine  miles  from  Maza- 
ghan,  on  the  west  coast  of  Morocco,  are  the  ruins 
of  an  old  city,  which  is  called  by  the  natives 
Tette  or  Tet.  The  towers  of  the  wall  only  remain 
standing,  and  show  the  town  to  have  been  about 
three  or  four  miles  round.  The  masonry  is  appa- 
rently Roman,  being  similar  to  that  seen  in  the 
ruins  of  Nikopolis  in  Albania.  There  are  also  the 
remains  of  a  mole  running  out  into  a  small  bay, 
which  induces  the  belief  that  the  town  at  some 
remote  period  was  of  considerable  commercial  im- 
portance. I  shall  be  thankful  for  any  informa- 
tion on  this  subject. 

What  was  the  proper  name  of  this  town  ?  Was 
it  a  Roman  colony  ?  What  were  the  dates  of  its 
building  and  fall,  and  for  what  was  it  celebrated  ? 

Yados. 

Captain  John  Smith,  a  Parliamentary  officer 
who  got  into  trouble  for  supposed  neglect  of  his 
duty  at  Doncaster  at  the  time  of  the  murder  of 
Lt.-Col.  Rainborowe  (October,  1648),  says  in  his 
pamphlet  called  The  Innocent  Cleared,  4to,  1648, 
that  his  enemies  '•'  have  caused  ballads  and  songs 
to  be  made  of  me,  and  sung  up  and  down  London 
streets."  Do  any  of  these  yet  exist  in  MS.  or 
print  ?  Edward  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

Dr.  Nicholas  Stanley. — In  a  pedigree  which 
I  am  endeavouring  to  trace,  the  name  of  Dr. 
Nicholas  Stanley,  of  the  Peak,  Derby,  occurs  about 
the  year  1735.  '  Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me 
any  information  respecting  him  or  his  family? 
Was  he  a  son  of  Dr.  Nicholas  Stanley,  mentioned 
by  Wood  in  his  Fasti  Oxonietises  as  of  All  Souls, 
who  practised  at  Winchester,  and  died  there  in 
1710,  and  is  buried  in  the  cathedral  of  that  city  ? 
I  wish,  if  possible,  to  ascertain  where  he  prac- 
tised, what  family  he  had,  and  where  and  when 
he  died.  C.  P.  R. 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  May  18,  '67. 


KiyG  Ed-ward  the  Sixth's  Com3iissionees. — 
It  is  stated  ia  the  Introduction  to  Shepherd  On 
the  Common  Prayer,  p.  xxix.,  that  — 

"  In  Septr.  1547,  about  nine  months  after  the  King's 
accession,  and  about  two  before  Parliament  met,  an  order 
was  issued  for  holding  a  Royal  Visitation  throughout 
England,  and  for  suspending,  ad  interim,  the  ordinar\' 
powers  of  the  Bishops.  At  this  time  a  Proclamation  of 
the  King,  even  during  his  minority,  was  equivalent  to  a 
statute.  The  object  of  the  Visitation  was  to  regulate  the 
affairs  of  Rehgion  and  the  Church.  The  realm  was  di- 
vided into  six  districts  or  circuits,  to  visit  each  of  which 
a  commission  was  appointed,  consisting  of  two  or  more 
gentlemen,  a  civilian,  a  registrar,  and  at  least  one  of  the 
ablest  divines  and  preachers  that  could  be  found,  who 
was  to  instruct  the  people  and  facilitate  the  work  of  the 
commissioners," 

Can  you  give  the  names  of  these  commissioners 
and  their  registrar  and  preacher,  and  mark  out 
their  districts  ?  S.  F.  S. 

[The  names  and  circuits  of  the  Commissioners  ai-e  enu- 
merated in  Strype's  Life  of  Ahp.  Cranmer,  edit.  1812, 
i.  209,  from  a  MS.  formerl}-  belonging  to  Ahp.  Parker, 
but  now  in  the  Benet  College  Librarj-.  The  commis- 
sioners were  divided  into  six  sets,  and  to  each  set  were 
apportioned  particular  episcopal  sees,  and  a  preacher  and 
registrar.  A  Book  of  Injunctions,  of  which  an  abstract 
is  printed  in  Fuller's  Church  History,  ed.  1815,  iv.  10,  was 
prepared,  whereby  the  king's  commissioners  should  direct 
their  visitation.  These  were  also  accompanied  with  a 
Book  of  Articles,  printed  at  the  same  time,  called  "  Arti- 
cles to  be  inquired  of  in  the  King's  Majesty's  Visitation." 
One  thing  is  not  a  little  remarkable  in  this  Visitation, 
that  being  entirely  a  civil  commission,  without  a  single 
bishop  among  the  number,  it  should  be  vested  with 
power  to  visit  the  clergj-  and  laity,  to  have  all  sorts  of 
faculties,  licences,  and  endowments  laid  before  them,  to 
examine  the  clerg\''s  titles,  and  to  inquire  into  the  prac- 
tice of  the  spiritual  courts,  and  inspect,  as  it  were,  every 
part  of  the  bishop's  function,  and  examine  them  as  well 
as  others  concerning  their  lives  and  doctrines.  The 
instrument,  dated  August  20,  1547,  is  printed  among  the 
Records  (No.  liii.)  at  the  end  of  Collier's  Church  History.'] 

Mary  Qitees^  of  Scots. — Sir  Walter  Scott,  in 
The  Abbot,  states  that  the  lodging  of  Mary  Queen 
of  Scots,  at  Lochleven,  consisted  of  a  suite  of 
three  rooms  on  the  second  stoiy,  opening  into 
each  other. 

Mr.  Froude,  in  his  History  of  Enyland,  states 
that  the  Queen  vras  lodged "  in"  a  round  turret, 
opposite  the  castle,  containing  three  rooms,  one 
above  the  other,  the  height  of  each  six  feet,  the 
diameter  from  seven  to  eight  feet.  "Which,  if 
either,  of  these  authorities  is  correct  ?  W. 

[Robert  Chambers,  in  The  Picture  of  Scotland,  ii.  182, 
informs  us,  that "  Lochleven  Castle  consists  in  one  square 
tower,  not  very  massive  though  five  stories  in  height ;  a 
square  barbican  wall ;  and  a  minor  tower  at  the  south 


comer  of  the  court-yard.  The  Queen's  apartments  are 
affirmed  by  the  people  to  have  been  on  the  fourth  story, 
where  a  small  recess  or  embrasure  is  shown,  said  to  have 
constituted  all  her  accommodations  in  the  way  of  bed- 
room. As  the  whole  internal  space  of  the  tower  cannot 
be  above  twenty  feet  square,  it  is  supposable  that  the 
unfortunate  lady  was  not  consoled  for  her  captivity  by 
many  of  the  conveniences  or  elegances  of  life." 

The  following  account  of  the  Queen's  apartments  is  by 
Miss  Strickland  :  "  Mary's  prison  lodgings  were  in  the 
south-eastern  tower  of  Lochleven  Castle,  to  which  the 
only  approach  was  through  the  guarded  quadrangle, 
enclosed  within  lofty  stone  walls.  These  apartments  are 
still  in  existence.  The  presence-chamber  of  the  captive 
sovereign  is  circular  in  form,  fifteen  feet  in  diameter,  and 
forty-five  in  circumference,  the  ceiling  being  very  low. 
The  window  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  loch  and  sur- 
rounding mountains." — Lives  of  the  Queens  of  Scotland, 
V.341.] 

''The  Purita]?  turked  Jestjit,"  by  David 
OwEX,  B.D.,  Caxtab." — A  few  years  ago  I  wrote 
to  inquire  about  this  work,  ascribed  by  Watt  to 
Dr.  .tohn  Owen,  but  I  got  no  information.  I 
recently  picked  up  a  copy ;  it  is  entitled  :  — 

"  Puritano-Jesuitismus,  The  Puritan  turned  Jesuite  ; 
or  rather  outvying  him  in  those  diabolical  and  dangerous 
positions,  of  the  Deposition  of  Kings  ;  from  the  year  1536 
until  the  present  time  [1602]  :  extracted  out  of  the  most 
ancient  and  authentick  Authours.  By  that  reverend 
divine  Doctour  Owen,  Batchelour  of  Divinity.  Shewing 
their  concord  in  the  matter,  their  discord  in  the  manner 
of  their  Sedition.  Printed  for  William  Sheares,  at  the 
signe  of  the  Bibls  in  Covent-garden,  1643."— Pp.  56,  4to 

In  the  Table  which  follows  a  Preface  ''  To  the 
dutifull  Subject,"  the  title  is  given  thus :  — 

"  Puritan-Jesuitisme,  or  the  generall  consent  of  the 
principal  Puritans  and  Jesuites  against  Kings,  from  the 
yeare  1536  untill  the  yeare  1602,  out  of  the  most  authen- 
ticke  Authors." 

Now  this  pamphlet  is  evidently  a  reprint, 
whole  or  in  part,  of  the  following  work  given  in 
Lowndes :  — 

"Owen  (David).  Herod  and  Pilate  reconciled;  or, 
the  Concord  of  Papist  and  Puritan  (against  Scripture, 
Fathers,  Councils,  and  other  Orthodoxal  Writers)  for  the 
Coercion,  Deposition,  and  Killing  of  Kings.  Cambridge, 
1610."    4to. 

I  dare  say  some  of  your  correspondents  can  say 
whether  the  above  was  first  printed  in  1602,  and 
whether  it  contains  more  than  the  quarto  of 
1643.  The  latter  contains  nine  chapters  :  "  The 
ninth  Chapter  showeth  the  general  consent  of  the 
moderne  Pui-itans  touching  the  Coercion,  Depo- 
sition, and  Killing  of  Kings  whom  they  call 
Tyrants."  Eibionnach. 

[These  two  works  are  clearly  one  and  the  same.  We 
cannot  trace  an  earlier  edition  of  Herod  and  Pilate  Re- 
conciled than  that  of  1610,  4to,  which  was  reprinted  in 
1663,  with  the  name  of  Dr.  [John]  Owen,  bishop  of  St. 
Asaph,  on  the  title-page.    The  latter  edition  and  the 


S'l  S.  XI.  May  IS,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


401 


same  book  had  already  twice  appeared  with  the  title 
Puritano-Jesuitismus,  S^c.  Lend.  4to,  1643, 1652.  See  the 
Catalogue  of  the  Bodleian.  Some  account  of  David 
Owen  maj'  be  found  in  Wood's  Fasti,  ed.  1815,  i.  328.] 

"Bentivolio  and  Urania."  —  Who  is  the 
author  of  the  book  with  this  title  ;  and  when  was 
it  first  published  ?  James  J.  Lamb. 

Underwood  Cottage,  Paisley. 

[This  religious  allegory  is  by  Nathaniel  Ingelo,  D.D., 
fellow  of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  and  admitted 
fellow  of  Queen's  College  and  Eton  College  by  the  Par- 
liamentary visitors.  He  died  in  August,  1683,  and  his 
epitaph  is  in  Eton  College  Chapel,  where  he  was  buried. 
(Evans's  History  of  Bristol,  p.  192  ;  Le  Neve's  Monum. 
Anglicanum,  1683,  p.  43;  and  Worthington's  Diary, 
p.  36,  Chetham  Society.)  The  first  edition  oi  Bentivolio 
and  Urania  was  published  in  1673,  fol. ;  the  second,  with 
the  words  interpreted  in  the  margin,  in  1669,  fol. ;  and 
the  third  in  1673,  4to.  In  April,  1739,  were  published 
nineteen  letters  from  Henry  Hammond,  D.D.  to  Mr. 
Peter  Stannynought  and  Dr.  Nathaniel  Ingelo,  many  of 
them  on  very  curious  subjects.] 

Jo.  Shefpeild.  —  I  have  a  small  volume  en- 
titled — 

"  The  Sinfulnesse  of  Evil  Thoughts ;  oi%  a  Discourse 
wherein  the  Chambers  of  Imagery  are  Unlocked,  The 
Cabinet  of  the  Heart  Opened,  The  Secrets  of  the  Inner- 
Man  Disclosed,  in  the  particular  Discover}'  of  the  Nu- 
merous Evil  Thoughts  to  be  found  in  the  most  of  Men, 
•with  their  various  and  several  Kinds,  sinful  Causes,  sad 
Effects,  and  proper  Remedies  or  Cures.  Together  with 
Directions  how  to  observe  and  keep  the  Heart ;  the 
highest,  hardest,  and  most  necessary  work  of  him  that 
would  be  a  Real  Christian.  By  Jo.  Sheffeild,  Pastor  of 
Swithins,  London.  London :  Printed  by  J.  H.  for  Samuel 
Gellibrand,  at  the  Golden  Ball  in  Paul's  Churchyard. 
1659. 

I  find  no  mention  of  this  author  in  Bohn's 
Loivndes,  nor  am  I  able  to  trace  him  through  any- 
other  source.  Is  he  the  author  of  any  works 
which  have  come  down  to  us  ?  T.  B. 

[John  Sheffield  was  of  Peter  House,  Cambridge. 
After  his  expulsion  for  nonconfonnity  in  1662  from 
St.  Swithin's,  London,  he  retired  to  Enfield,  where  he 
continued  to  preach  as  opportunity  offered,  and  died  in  a 
good  old  age.  Some  account  of  him  and  his  other  works 
may  be  found  in  Calamy  and  Palmer's  Nonconformists' 
Memorial,  ed.  1802,  i.  191  ;  Calamy's  Life  of  Baxter,  ii. 
38,  iii.  58 ;  Silvester's  Life  of  Baxter,  p.  285,  Part  iii. 
p.  13;  and  Darling's  Cyclopedia  BibliograpMca.'] 

Philtres  :  Love  Potions.— Where  can  I  find 
any  receipts  for  any  of  the  mediaeval  love-potions 
so  frequently  aUuded  to  by  Shakespeare  and  our 
old  dramatists  and  poets  ?  Has  this  subject  been 
treated  at  any  length  by  any  modern  writer  ? 

J.  F. 

[  If  our  correspondent  would  know  what  medicines  the 
rascal  had  given  Falstaff  to  make  him  love  him,  he  may 
consult  the  notes  in  the  Variorum  Shakespeare  on  Fal- 


staff's  speech  in  the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor—"  Let  the 
sk\'  rain  potatoes";  Dalyell's  Darker  Sttperstitions  of 
Scotland  (see  Index)  ;  and  the  article,  "  Philtres,  Recettes 
pour  se  faire  aimer,"  in  Salgues'  Des  Erreurs  et  des  Pre- 
juges,  tome  ii.  p.  70  et  seq.  If,  in  addition,  he  looks  into 
Grimm's  Deutsche  3Iythologie,  Colin  de  Plancy's  Dic- 
tionnaire  Lifernale,  and  Horst's  Zauber  BiUiothek,  we 
thinlv  he  will  find  plenty  of  references  to  materials  for  a 
historj'  of  Love  Charms.  ] 

"  Sweet  Shakspeare."  —  Can  you  assist  me  to 
the  title  of  a  book  published  during  Shakspeare's 
life,  in  which  he  is  called  "  Sweet  Shakspeare," 
I  think  the  only  mention  of  him  in  the  whole 
book  ?  J.  W.  J. 

[The  words,  "  Sweet  Shakspeare,"  occur  in  a  work  now 
very  rare,  entitled  "  Polimanteia,  or  the  Meanes  to  Jvdge 
of  the  Fall  of  a  Commonwealth  :  whereunto  is  added  a 
Letter  from  England  to  her  three  Daughters,  Cambridge, 
Oxford,  Innes  of  Court,  and  to  the  rest  of  her  Inhabitants, 
By  W.  C.  Cambr.  1595,  4to."  This  tender  appellation 
occurs  at  sig.  R  2  rev.  Mention  is  also  made  of  Daniel, 
Breton,  Spenser,  Drayton,  Gabriel  Harvey,  Nash,  the 
Paradise  of  Dainty  Devises,  and  divers  others,  men  and 
books,  illustrating  the  literary  history  of  that  period.  In 
the  Bodleian  Catalogue,  1843,  the  work  is  assigned  to 
William  Clarke,  the  initials  to  the  dedication  being  W.  C. 
The  poi-tion  of  the  work  containing  these  words  is  also 
quoted  in  Sir  Egerton  Brydges's  British  Bibliographer, 
i.  284.  This  mention  of  Shakspeare  is  three  years  earlier 
than  that  in  Meres's  Palladis  Tamia,  1598.] 

Painters'  Marks.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
refer  me  to  any  book  which  affords  information 
as  to  the  private  marks  on  old  paintings  by  which 
the  painter  may  be  ascertained  ?  W.  H.  L. 

[  Our  correspondent  will  find  ample  information  on  this 
subject  in  Bruillot's  Dictionnaire  des  Monogrammes, 
Munich,  1832 ;  and  the  great  work  of  Nagler,  Die  Mono- 
grammister,  8vo,  of  which  the  first  part  was  published  at 
Munich  in  1858.  ] 


CALLIGRAPHY. 

(3"i  S.  xi.  291.) 

For  the  information  sought  by  0,  T.  D.,  I  beg 
to  refer  him  to  an  interesting  volume  entitled 
"  77ie  Origin  and  Progress  of  Letters :  an  Essay,  ^c. 
By  W.  Massey,  London,  8vo,  1763."  The  second 
part  of  this  book,  pp.  175,  treats  of  "  Calligraphy, 
and  containing  particularly  a  Brief  Account  of 
the  most  celebrated  English  Penmen,  with  the 
Titles  and  Characters  of  the  Books  that  they 
published  both  from  the  Rolling  and  Letter- 
Press."  As  the  author  remarks  in  his  preface, 
this  "  is  a  new  species  of  biography,  that  has 
never  been  attempted  (that  I  know  of)  either  in 
ours  or  any  other  language."     It  appears,  how- 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XI.  May  18,  '67. 


ever,  to  be  put  together  witli  mucli  care,  and  con- 
tains some  very  curious  information  about  English 
penmen,  in  the  golden  days  of  calligraphy,  be- 
fore, perhaps,  it  came  to  be  considered  a  fine  thing 
to  write  illegibly,  as  precluding  the  suspicion  that 
the  writer  had  ever  disgraced  himself  by  getting 
his  living  as  a  clerk  or  secretary.  Oddly  enough — 
perhaps  because  a  contemporary — he  does  not 
seem  to  give  any  account  of  George  Bickham, 
though  he  often  alludes  to  his  noble  national 
work.  The  Universal  Penman,  or  the  Art  of 
Writing,  folio,  London,  1743,  in  which,  on  212 
leaves,  "  written  with  the  friendly  assistance  of 
several  of  the  most  eminent  masters,"  will  be  i 
found  admirable  specimens  of  the  calligraphy  of  j 
Clarke,  Champion,  Austin,  Dove,  and  many  others 
of  whom  Massey  has  collected  notices.  | 

Bickham,  whose  name  will  be  found  attached  ! 
to  much  of  the  scroll  and  ornamental  engraving 
of  the  day,  head  and  tail  pieces,  &c.,  was  a  pupil 
of  Sturt.  He  published  in  1747  a  very  beautiful 
work,  than  which  a  more  intrinsically  interesting 
calligraphic  book  is  perhaps  scarcely  to  be  found. 
It  is  entitled  The  British  Monarchy ;  or  a  Neic 
C'horographieal  Description  of  all  the  Domiiiions 
subject  to  the  King  of  Great  JBritai7i.  Here,  upon 
nearly  200  beautifully  engraved  folio  pages,  we 
find  written  and  pictorial  descriptions  of  the 
English  counties,  with  theii*  antiquities,  &c.,  and 
the  American  and  other  colonies. 

Among  the  most  celebrated  and  prolific  of  our 
own  calligraphers  is  the  arithmetician,  Edward 
Cocker ;  upon  whose  Latinised  name,  "  Edoardus 
Coccerius,"  the  anagram — "0  sic  curras,  Deo 
duce ! " — has  been  manufactured  by  one  Jer.  Colier, 
at  the  end  of  our  author's  Artist's  Glory,  or  Peii- 
vian''s  Treaswy,  1G59.  In  1664,  he  published  his 
Guide  to  Penmanship,  2nd  ed.  1673.  Here  we 
have  his  portrait,  with  the  lines  beneath :  — 

"  Behold  rare  Cock-Er's  life,  resembling  shade, 
Whom  envy's  clouds  have  more  illustrious  made ; 
Whose  pea  and  graver  have  displayed  his  name, 
With  virtuoso's,  in  the  book  of  fame." 

Still  later,  1672,  appeared  his  Magnum  in  Parvo, 
or  the  Penh  Perfection,  which  is  curious,  as  being 
engraved  throughout  on  silver  plates.  But  I  have 
mentioned  it  chiefly  to  enable  me  to  cite  some 
commendatory  verses  at  the  beginning,  written  by 
Thomas  Weston,  author  of  the  Ancilla  Calligra- 
pliice,  1680 ;  and  which  are  valuable,  not  cer- 
tainly from  their  poetical  merit,  but  as  mentioning 
many  of  the  most  famous  English  and  foreign 
penmen :  — 

"  Let  Holland  hoast  o/'Yelde,  Huvilman, 
Of  Overbecque,  and  Smyters  the  German ;  j 

France  of  her  Phrj'sius,  and  Barbedor,  j 

The  unpareUelVd  Materot,  and  many  viorc, 
Of  these  thatfolloiv  Rome  &•  Italy,  | 

Vignon,  and  Julianus  Sellery ;  | 

Heyden  |f  Curione  r  and  in  fine 
O/"  Andreas  Hestelius,  Argentine  ; 
England  of  Gething,  Davies,  Billingsley." 


But  for  more  of  such  anecdotes,  and  materials 
for  a  pretty  copious  bibliography  of  the  subject, 
so  far  at  least  as  our  own  country  is  concerned,  I 
must  refer  to  Mr.  Massey's  very  curious  book. 

Since  the  date  of  this,  several  other  works  have 
appeared  in  this  country,  among  which  may  be 
mentioned  — 

"  The  Origin  and  Progi-ess  of  Writing,  as  well  Hiero- 
gh-phic  as  Elementary,  illustrated  by  Engravings  taken 
from  Marbles,  MSS.,'and  Charters,  ancient  and  modem  ; 
also  some  Account  of  the  Origin  and  Progress  of  Printing. 
Bv  Thomas  Astle,  F.S.A.  4to,  London,  1784 ;  2nd  (and 
best)  edition,  1803." 

This  work  is  said  by  T.  Hartwell  Home  to  be 

"  the  completest  work  on  the  subject  of  writiag 
extant  in  this  or  any  other  language." 

"The  Court  Hand  Restored;  or,  the  Student's  As- 
sistant in  reading  old  Deeds,  Charters,  Records,  &c.  By 
Andrew  Wright.    4to,  23  plates,  London,  1846." 

'•  The  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Art  of  Writing,  &c. 
By  H.  X.  Humphries.     Small  folio,  London,  1853." 

Alexander's  "  Beauties  of  Penmanship,"  12  plates,  ob- 
long folio  (loin  by  10 in.),  on  -which  were  engraved  the 
Eight  Beatitudes,  the  Lord's  Prayer,  &c.,  displaying 
every  varietj-  of  writing,  from  simple  to  the  most  highly 
ornamental  and  florid. 

So  much  for  English  works  on  calligraphy. 
Many  treatises  on  the  same  subject  exist  in  the 
various  languages  of  Europe,  As  I  do  not  know 
where  any  list  of  these  is  to  be  found,  the  titles 
of  the  following,  imder  my  own  notice,  may  be 
acceptable  as  a  contribution  to  this  somewhat 
neglected  branch  of  bibliography,  and  induce  com- 
munications from  the  possessors  of  other  works  : 

Cresci    (Gio.    Francesco).    "II    perfetto    Scrittore." 
Yenetia,  neUa  stamperiadei  Rampazetti,  (circa)  1570. 
48  plates  on  wood,  with  fine  copper  frontispiece. 

Cresci   (Gio.  Francesco),  "  La  vera  maniera    dello 
scriver  corsivo  cancellaresco  "  (circa  1580). 
56  well  engraved  models  of  writing. 

"  Thesauro  de  Scrittori,  Opera  Artificio,  &c.,  con  una 
ragione  d'Abbaco  Intagliata  per  Ugo  da  Cakpi." 
Rom£E,  1525. 

Lucas  (Francisco  de  Sevilla),  "  Arte  de  Escrivir, 
dividida  en  quatro  partes."    4to,  Madrid,  1608. 

Many  of  the  models  are  printed  within  orna- 
mental woodcut  borders. 

"  Libro  subtUissimo  intitulado  :  Honra  de  escrivanos," 
compuesto  y  experimentado  por  Pedro  de  Madaeiaga 
vizcayno,  12mo,  Valencia,  15G5. 

A  fine  portrait  of  the  author,  on  wood,  on  the 
reverse  of  the  title. 

Mittenleiteb  (J.  E.),  "  448  Examples  of  Ornamental 
Writing  from  the  earliest  Time  to  the  present."  2  vols, 
oblong  folio,  no  date. 

Newdorffer  (T.),  "  Ein  Kurtz  Gesbrichbiichlein 
Zweyer  Schuler."     1549. 

Palatixo  (G.  B.),  "  Libro  nel  qual  s'insegna  a  scriver 
ogni  sorte  delle  lettera,  anticha  e  moderna,  di  qualconque 
natione,  con  le  sue  regole,  misure.ed  essempii,  e  con  breve 
discorso  delle  Cifre."     Roma,  1561,  small  4to. 


3"!  S.  XI.  May  18,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


403 


^Pas    (J.),    "Demonstration  Mathe'matique  de   I'Art 
d'Ecrire."    Folio,  Amsterdam,  1737. 
52  plates  of  various  alpliabets,  &c. 

PoLANCO  (J.   C.   Aznar  de),  "Arte   de  Escribir  por 
preceptos  Geometricos."     Folio,  Madrid,  1719. 
Fine  portrait,  and  numerous  plates. 

"  Art  d'e'erire  (1'),  contenant  une  collection  des  meil- 
leurs  exemples  d'apres  MM.  Eossignol  et  Eoland,  ex- 
pert.s-e'crivains  ve'riticateurs.  DsJdie  au  roi ;  grave  par 
Le  Parmentier."    Folio,  no  date. 

Engraved  frontispiece,  and  twenty-eight  ex- 
amples. 

EoYLLET,  "  Les  Fidelias  Tableaux  de  I'Art  d'Ecrire." 
24  plates,  folio,  Paris,  1761. 

EuixETTi  DA  Eavenxa  (T.),  "  Idea  del  Buon  Scrit- 
tore."    Oblong  4to,  Eoma,  1 099. 

With  4.3  plates,  of  various  kinds  of  writing,  sur- 
rounded with  specimens  of  ornamental  flourishing. 

EuiNETTi  (Tomaso),  "  II  secondo  libro  di  varie  mostre 
di  cancelleresche  corsive."  Intagliato  da  Camillo  Cungi. 
(Eoma)  Appresso  Tautoi-e,  1622. 

Engraved  title,  with  the  portrait  of  the  author 
at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  and  the  arms  of  Car- 
dinal Hippolito  Aldobrandano,  to  whom  the  work 
is  dedicated.     32  finely  engraved  plates. 

ScHWANDNER  (J.  G.),  "  Dissertatio  de  Calligraphise 
Nomenclatione."    Eoyal  folio,  Vienna,  1756. 

159  plates  of  varieties  of  ornamental  letters, 
and  pen-flourishes  in  various  devices,  surrounded 
by  elaborate  scroll  borders. 

Tagliente  (G.  a.),  "  Lo  presento  Libro  insegna  la 
vera  arte  de  lo  excellente  scrivere  de  diverse  sorti  de 
litere."     Eomte,  1525. 

Tensiki  (Agostino),  "  La  uera  regola  dello  scriuere 
vtile  h,  Giouani."  Si  vende  in  Bassano  al  negozio  Ee- 
mondini. 

No  date,  but  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Title, 
and  sixteen  plates  of  models  of  writing. 

ToRio  (T.),  «  Art  de  Escribir,"  4to,  Madrid,  1802. 

58  fine  plates  of  penmanship,  ornamental  let- 
ters, &c. 

Vespasiano  (frate  dell'  ord.  minore  conventvale) , 
"  Opera,  uella  qvale  s'  insegna  a  scrivere  varie  sorti  di 

lettere poi  insegna  a  far  1'  inchiostro  negrissinio." 

Venetia,  1572. 

Contains  100  models  of  Gothic  and  other  alpha- 
bets. 

Verini  (Giovambaptista),  "  Luminario.  sen  de  Ele- 
mentis  Literarura,  libri  IV."    Firenze,  circa  1527. 

64  leaves  of  very  finely  engraved  models ;  among 
which  is  an  example  of  writing  (verso  of  folio 
LIU.)  which  must  be  placed  before  a  looking- 
glass  in  order  to  be  read. 

Velae  (J.  Vanden),  "  Tresor  Litte'raire  contenant 
plusieurs  diverses  Escritures,  les  plus  usitees  en  Ecosses, 
Francoyses,  des  Provinces  Unies  au  Pays-Bas."  Paris. 
1621. 

"  La  Operina  de  Ludov.  Vicentio  da  imparare  di 
scrivere."    Eomfc,  1525. 


Massey  (p.  136)  speaks  of  "  a  copy-book  by  this 
author  from  wooden  blocks,  at  Eome  1543,  con- 
taining 28  quarto  leaves." 

Zanella  (Seb.),  "Nouo  modo  di  scriuere  cancella- 
resco  coreiuo  moderno,"  libro  primo.  Padoua,  P.  Paulo 
Tozzi,  1605. 

Engraved  title  and  portrait  of  author,  with  60 
very  fine  plates. 

For  other  works  on  the  Origin  of  Letters,  and 
of  Writing,  reference  may  be  made  to  T.  Hart- 
well  Home's  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Bihlio- 
graphij,  vol.  ii.  p.  454.    Lond.  1814. 

William  Bates, 


ATONE. 
(S"--!  S.  xi.  255.) 
Perhaps  Dryden  may  have  looked  upon  uttone 
as  from  ad  and  tonus;  but,  instead  of  relying 
upon  this,  it  is  better  to  consult  the  numerous 
other  quotations  in  which  the  word  occurs.  Ten 
such  are  given  in  the  BihJe  Word-hook,  and  about 
five  more  in  Wedgwood's  Etymological  Dictionary. 
Both  Mr.  Aldis  Wright  and  Mr.  Wedgwood  (and 
there  are  few  whose  opinions  are  of  more  value) 
hold  to  the  derivation  from  at  one.  I  select  the 
following  passages :  — 

"  If  gentilmen,  or  other  of  hir  centre, 
Were  wroth,  sche  wolde  brynge  hem  at  oon." 

Chaucer,  aerk's  Tale,  8313. 
" .  .  rich  folk  that  embraceden  and  oneden  all  hir  herte 
to  treasour  of  this  world."— Chaucer,  in  Eichardson. 

"Put  together  and  onyrf,  continuus  ;  put  together  but 
not  onyd,  contiguus." — Frompt.  Parvulorum. 

See  also  Acts  vii.  26  ;  Spenser,  F.  Q.  II.  1,  29 ; 
Shakspeare,  IticJi.  II.  I.  1;  As  you  like  it,  V.  4 ; 
Cymbeline,  I.  5 ;  Henry  IV.  Part  II.  IV.  1 ; 
Othello,  IV.  1.     Compare  too — 

"  Ye  witlesse  gallants,  I  beshrewe  your  hearts. 
That  set  such  discord  'twixt  agreeing  parts, 
Which  never  can  be  set  at.  onement  more." 

Bp.  Hall,  Sat.  iii.  7. 

It  is  simply  the  Anglo-Saxon  phrase,  ymh  an 
beon,  i.  e.  to  be  at  one,  to  agree.  Mr.  Wright 
further  remarks  that  a-tivo  is  very  common  in  old 
authors,  as  well  as  at  one.     Walter  W.  Skeat. 

The  etymology  given  by  Johnson  and  Webster 
is  Latin  ad  and  wms,  to  make  one,  to  unite,  to 
join  together.  This  was  the  etymology  received 
by  Bishop  Beveridge,  by  Wardlaw,  and  by  Pye 
Smith.  Coleridge,  too,  accepted  this,  as  did  both 
the  Hares.  In  Guesses  at  Truth  (vol.  ii.  p.  294) 
we  have,  "Many  a  man  has  lost  being  a  great 
man  by  splitting  into  two  middling  ones.  At-onc 
yourself  to  the  best  of  your  power."  The  ety- 
mology suggested  by  C.  from  ad  and  tonus,  to 
"  bring  discord  to  a  tone,"  "  to  harmonise  two  dis- 
sentients," leaves  the  word  with  substantially  the 
same  meaning ;  but  there  are  obvious  difiiculties 


404 


NOTES    '  iVD  QUERIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI.  May  18,  '67. 


in  the  way  of  its  being  accepted.  In  support  of 
this  new  explanation-,  but  two  passages  are  ad- 
duced— one  from  Dryden,  and  one  from  Shak- 
spere.  The  former,  "  attoning  discord,"  is  easily- 
accounted  for  by  supposing  Dryden  to  have  used 
the  word  in  a  metaphorical  sense,  meaninj?  to 


daughter,  was  baptised  Oct.  18,  1676,  and  was 
married  to  Robert  Ellison,  Esq.,  of  Hebborne, 
county  palatine  of  Durham. 

Chakles  Sotherakt. 

Sir  Henry  Liddell,  by  his  marriage  with  Cathe- 


unite  the   diverse  sounds  of  a  discord  into  one  [  ^^^^>  daughter  of  Sir  John  Bright,  had /ye 


sweet  strain ;  and  thus  the  metaphor  adds  a  beauty 
to  the  expression.  The  other  passage  — 
"  He  and  Aufidius  can  no  more  atone 
Than  violentest  contrariety" — 
SO  far  from  being  any  support  to  the  new  etymo- 
logy, is  entirely  subversive  of  it.  Atone  and  con- 
trariety evidently  form  an  antithesis,  and  the  idea 
is  not  discord  and  harmony,  but  opposition  and 
agreement.  An  appeal  to  the  context  (  Coriolamts, 
Act  IV,  Sc.  6)  will  easily  show  this,  as  it  was 
the  most  unlikely  thing  possible  that  Marcius  (of 
whom  the  words  above  are  spoken)  should  ever 
be  brought  to  act  in  unison  with  Aufidius.  Until 
there  are  more  ample  reasons  given,  we  must  cling 
to  the  generally  received  derivation  of  the  word 
atone.  Geoege  Packek. 


LIDDELL  FAMILY. 
(.3'<i  S.  xi.  276.) 

In  reference  to  Mr.  E.  J.  Roberts's  application 
for  information  respecting  the  children  of  Sir 
Henry  Liddell,  I  give  the  following  particulars, 
concerning  their  births,  &c.,  gleaned  from  the 
pedigree  of  Liddell  of  Ravensworth,  in  Surtees's 
History  of  the  Covntj/  Palatinate  of  Durham, 
where  also  much  additional  matter  is  to  be  found 
about  numerous  members  of  this  family:  — 

Thomas  Liddell,  Esq.,  his  eldest  son,  was  bom 
Aug.  31,  1670 ;  he  died  in  his  father's  lifetime, 
and  was  buried  June  3,  1715,  He  married  at 
Lanchester,  Oct.  12,  1707,  Jane,  daughter  of 
James  Clavering,  Esq.  of  Greencroft.  She  died 
Sept.  11,  1774,  set.  ninety-five,  and  was  buried  at 
Lamlesley.  His  descendants  will  be  found  in 
Burke's  Peerage,  under  the  head  of  "  Baron 
Ravensworth,"  to  which  title  his  son  was  created. 

John  Liddell,  Sir  Henry's  second  son,  was  born 
March  20, 1671 ;  was  adopted  as  heir  to  his  grand- 
father. Sir  John  Bright,  and  assumed  that  name ; 
he  died'  Oct.  6,  1737.  He  married  Cordelia, 
daughter  of  Henry  Clutterbuck  of  Hiddes,  co, 
Essex.  Plis  only  grandchild  Mary  married  Charles, 
Marquis  of  Rockingham. 

Henry  Liddell,  the  third  son,  ob,  s.  ;j.  He 
married  Anne,  daughter  of  John  Clavering,  Esq., 
of  Chopwell,  county  palatine  of  Durham. 

George  Liddell,  the  fourth  son,  was  baptised 
Aug.  1,  1678.  He  was  Member  of  Parliament 
for  Berwick-on-Tweed,  1727-1734,  and  he  died 
Oct.  9,  1740,  s.p.  Michael  Liddell,  the  fifth  and 
youngest  son,  was  baptised  Jan.  18,  1686,  and 
died   unmarried.      Elizabeth,    Sir  Henry's  only 


and  a  daughter  :  (1.)  Thomas  Liddell,  died  1715  ; 
(2.)  John  Liddell  Bright,  died  Oct.  6,  1737 ;  (3.) 
Henry  Liddell  died  without  issue;  (4.)  George 
Liddell  died  unmarried;  (5.)  Michael  Liddell, 
died  unmarried.  Elizabeth  Liddell,  wife  of 
Robert  Ellison,  of  Hebburn  in  Durham.  See 
Hunter's  Hallamshire,  p.  249.  L.  L.  H. 

Sir  Henry  Liddell  had  issue  by  his  wife, 
"  Catherine,  only  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  John 
Bright,  of  Carbrook,  county  Derby,  and  Badsworth, 
county  York,  Bart.,"  five  sons — Thomas,  John, 
Henry,  George,  and  Michael,  and  one  daughter 
Elizabeth,  married  to  Robt.  Ellison,  of  Hebburn, 
county  Durham.  Of  the  sons,  Henry  (of  Car- 
brook)  married  Anne,  daughter  of  John  Chop- 
well,  county  Durham,  and  died  s.  p.  George, 
M.P.  for  Berwick,  and  Michael,  died  unmarried- 
Thomas,  the  eldest  son,  died  vita  patris,  1715, 
having  had,  with  other  issue,  Sir  Henry,  successor 
to  his  grandfather,  created  in  1747  Lord  Ravens- 
worth, at  whose  death  (sine  prole  masc.)  in  1784, 
the  title  expired.  John,  the  second  son,  inherited 
the  Badsworth  estates,  and  took  the  name  of 
Bright.  He  died  in  1737,  and  his  son  Thomas 
left  an  only  daughter  and  heir,  married  to  the 
Marquis  of  Rockingham.  See  Wotton  (Bai-onet- 
j  age,  ed.  1727) ;  Burke's  Extinct  Baronets,  s.  v. 
I  "  Bright  of  Badsworth."  In  Boothroyd's  Hist,  of 
!  Pontefract  (pp.  293-5,  ed.  1807,)  willbe  found  an 
interesting  account  of  Sir  John  Bright  and  his 
alliances,  and  also  an  extract  from  the  "Com- 
monplace Book  of  Thomas  Dixon  (Alderman  of 
Leeds),"  giving  some  curious  particulars  of  his 
funeral,  Heijrx  W,  S.  Taylor, 


GLASGOW:  LANARKSHIRE  FAMILIES- 
(3'0  S.  xi.  42,  339,  362.) 
It  is  always  instructive  to  have  a  discussion 
with  Mr.  Irving,  as  he  maintains  his  views  with 
so  much  of  the  perfervidton  ingenium  of  our  country. 
But  the  plain  meaning  to  be  gathered  from  his 
words  was  certainly,  that  the  minor  families  named 
were  of  equal  aiitiqiiity  in  Scotland  with  Professor 
Innes's  List  of  Magnates.  I  intended  to  have  ad- 
mitted that  this  was  the  case  with  the  Loccavds 
of  Symonstown,  possibly  an  indigenous  rape.  Will 
my  learned  opponent  forgive  me  for  saying  that, 
as  a  large  proportion  of  readers  may  never  have 
the  privilege  of  perusing  his  History  of  the  Upper 
Ward,  which  is  a  costly  book,  and  will  doubtless 
rise  in  price  like  most  coimty  histories,  I  still  think 


3'd  S.  XI.  May  18,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


405 


that  my  observations  on  the  myths  regarding  "Wal- 
lace's marriage  and  descendants,  derived  possibly, 
though  independently,  from  the  same  sources  as 
are  founded  on  in  that  vrork,  may  not  be  without 
interest  to  such  persons ;  especially  as  I  infer 
from  Mr.  Ikting's  remarks  that  my  account  does 
not  essentially  differ  from  his  ?  Many  -will  see  ??!// 
paper  in  this  our  excellent  Common-place  Book 
(as  the  Editor  well  named  it),  who  may  never 
come  across  the  History,  and  can  thus  estimate  at 
their  true  value  the  above  legends,  which  are  still 
perpetuated  in  printed  pedigrees. 

I  am   surprised  at  Mr.  Jrtijtg  declining  the 
spelling  of  "  Irvine,"  as  the  chief  of  his  name  in 
Scotland  so  has  it — Irvine  of  Drum,  Aberdeen- 
shire— renowned  in  the   battle   of  the  Harlaw. 
Nor  need  he  object  to  "  Irwin"  (I  omit  the  aspi- 
rate), of  which  there  is  a  county  family  in  Cum- 
berland, who  also  bear  on  their  escutcheon  the 
holly  leaves  of  the  Laird  of  Drum.     And  with  all 
deference,  regarding  Vere  (though  it  has  more  of  a 
Norman  sound),  yet  "Wer,"  "Weir,"  or  "Weyr" 
are  the  only  forms  which  I  have  seen  in  such 
ancient  Scottish  charters  or  deeds  as  have  come 
under  my  notice.     The  naked  statement,  "that 
no  doubt  Vere  is  its  original  form,  and  has  been 
again  and  again  recognised  by  the  Lyon  Office," 
— the  authorities  of  which  would,  till  a  better 
regime  was  lately  inaugurated,  "  recognise  "  far 
more  astounding  novelties — proves  nothing  but  the 
mere  change,  unless  Mr.  Irving  can  refer  us  to  some 
public  writ  in  which  the  iindmihted  ancestor  of 
Rotaldus  appears  as  a  "  de  Vere  "  prior  to  1400. 
No  doubt   a  Baltredus  and  Radulphus   de  Vere 
are  said  in  the  "Blackwood  Pedigree"  (Burke's 
Landed   Gentn/)    to   have  witnessed   charters   of 
William  the  Lion  (1165-1214),  besides  bestowing 
donations  on  the  "  Monastery"  of  Kelso ;  and  in  1266 
a  Thomas  de  Vere  witnesses,  it  is  said,  another  grant 
to  that  house ;  and  these  are  stated,  on  Sir  James 
Daliymple's  authority,  to  have  been  the  "  pro- 
genitors of  the  Weirs  of  Blackwood."     But  apart 
from  this,  where  is  there  legal  evidence  that  the 
immediate  descendants  of  these  persons  all  at  once 
dropped  out  of  the  rank  of  magnates,  altered  their 
distinguished  patronymic  of  de   Vere  to  de  Were 
and  Wer,  and  became  vassals  of  the  same  religious 
house  to  which  their  ancestors  had  given  lands  ? 
It  is  well  known  that  none  but  tenants  in  capite 
witnessed  the  charters  of  our  early  kings ;  and 
Baltredus   and  Radulphus  must  therefore  have 
held  that  rank.     And  as  their  alleged  descendants 
seem  to  have  sided  with  the  Bruces  (if  the  pe- 
digree is  correct),  they  were  ill  rewarded  by  being 
allowed  to  decline  from  magnates  to  church  vas- 
sals in  the  county  which  witnessed  the  rise  by 
royal  grants  of  Walter  fitz  Gilbert,  the  lirst  known 
ancestor  of  the  Hamiltons,  who  held  aloof  from 
Bruce  till  after  Bannockburn,  as  related  by  Arch-  | 
deacon  Barbour.  Anglo-Scotvs.    j 


!  FOXE'S  "BOOK  OF  MARTYRS." 

i  (2-'»  S.  viii.  272,  533 ;  xi.  336.) 

i      I  have  a  copy   of  the  fifth  edition  of  Foxe'a 
I  Booh  of  Martyrs   (1596)  in  two  folio  volumes. 
j  Wishing  to  ascertain  certain  particulars  respect- 
i  ing    this    edition.   I  naturally    referred    to    the 
columns  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  where,'  as  is  generally  the 
case,  I  find  much  of  the  information  required  ;  but 
in  this  instance,  I  also  find  much  which  seems  to 
merit  a  further  investigation.     A  correspondent 
(2°''_S.  viii.  272),  in  describing  a  copy  of  the  fifth 
edition  in  his  possession,  says,  "  after  the  title- 
page   of  vol.  i.  is   'the   Kalender,'  a  remarkable 
peculiarity  of  which  is,  that  January  2  is  marked 
'  John  Wicldiffe,  Preacher,  Marter  '  (rubricated), 
'  and  the  date  387  instead  of  1387  in  the  columu 
!  for  the  year  of  our  Lord." 

j  In  my  copy  the  name  of  WicklifFe  only  is  rubri- 
cated. Martyr  is  spelt  correctly,  and  the  date  is 
1387.  This  correspondent  adds  that  the  "Ad- 
dress to  Queen  Elizabeth"  occupies  3  pages; 
in  mine  it  takes  2  pages.  To  "  The  Protestation 
to  the  whole  Church  of  England "  he  gives  5 
pages;  in  my  copy  it  is  contained  in  2  pages. 
His  "  Table  of  Contents"  25  pages,  mine  27  pages. 
The  total  number  of  pages  is  stated  to  be  1949 ;. 
my  copy  contains  1952  pages,  the  last  three  of 
which  contain  an  address  of  "  Edward  Bulkeley 
to  the  Christian  Reader,"  and  a  curious  woodcut 
designated  as  "a  liuely  picture  describing  the 
waight  and  substance  of  God's  most  blessed  word 
against  the  doctrines  and  vanities  of  men's  tradi- 
tions." The  title-page  to  my  first  volume  is  ex- 
actly the  same  as  the  one  quoted  by  Mr.  Gal- 
loway (2"'»  S.  xi.  336.) 

Copies  of  this  "  fifth "  edition  are  not  often 
oftered  for  sale,  but  when  so  offered,  what  price 
have  they  fetched  ?  H.  Fishwick. 

[The  copy  of  Foxe's  u4ctes  and  Monuments  in  the 
British  Museum,  "  the  fift  time  newly  imprinted,  anno 
1596,  Mens.  lun."  has  in  "  The  Kalendav  "  Jan.  2,  "  John 
Wicldiffe,  Preacher,  Martyr,  387."  "  The  Address  to 
Queen  Elizabeth  "  makes  three  pages.  "  A  Protestation 
to  the  whole  Church  of  England,"  five  pages.  "The 
Table  of  Index,"  twenty-seven  pages,  and  the  total 
number  of  pages  1949.  "  The  engraving  of  "  A  lively 
picture  "  figures  on  the  last  page,  but  without  the  "  Ad- 
dress of  Edward  Bulkeley  to  the  Christian  Reader."  The 
colophon  reads,  "  Imprinted  at  London  by  Peter  Short, 
dwelling  on  Breadstreete-hille  at  the  signe"of  the  Starre : 
by  the  assigne  of  Richard  Day.  Cum  Gratia  et  PriuUegio 
Regiie  Maiestatis  Anno  Domini  1596."  With  the  excep- 
tion of  the  spelling  of  the  word  "  Marter,"  this  copy  is 
the  same  as  that  in  the  librarv  of  Mr.  P.  H.  Fisher, 
'•  N.  &  Q."  21'!  S.  viii.  272.— Ed'] 


THE  AVILLOW  PATTERX. 

(3"»  S.  xi.  152,  298.) 

Any  collector  or  admirer  of  old  porcelain  must 

have  observed  that  certain  types  of  patterns  are 

reproduced  on  plates,  vases,  &c.  with  slight  dif- 


406 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LSJ-d  S.  XI.  RUy.  18,  '67. 


ferences.  As  the  Chinese  are  unacquainted  with 
our  art  of  printing  the  pattern  on  the  ware,  and 
produce  all  their  designs  by  painting,  it  is  easy  to 
coaceive  how  a  favourite  pattern  may  be  added 
to  or  subtracted  from,  according  to  the  size  or 
form  of  the  surface  to  be  covered.  This,  I  have 
no  doubt,  has  been  the  case  with  what,  from  its 
universality,  may  be  termed  the  "  catholic  "  pat- 
tern of  the  willow  type,  although,  according  to 
your  correspondent  F.  C.  H.'s  opinion,  it  may  be 
doubtful  whether  it  be  entitled  to  the  appella- 
tion of  "  orthodox."  I  have  in  my  possession  a 
china  plate  of  the  blue  ware  known  to  collectors 
by  the  name  of  Nankin,  so  closely  resembling  the 
common  willow  pattern  of  our  potteries,  that  I 
have  little  doubt  of  its  being  either  the  original 
type  from  which  the  latter  has  been  developed,  or 
that  both  have  been  derived  from  a  common 
source.  It  is  not  improbable  that  a  search  among 
old  collections  of  china  might  result  in  the  dis- 
covery of  the  exact  design  which  has  become  so 
popular  and  wide-spread.  The  plate  I  speak  of 
has  a  large  house  on  the  right,  and  a  smaller  one, 
about  the  middle  of  the  picture,  overhanging  the 
water.  In  the  common  pattern,  the  houses  are 
divided  by  a  tree,  which  in  my  plate  is  replaced 
by  a  group  of  rocks,  out  of  which  grow  trees 
similar  in  character  and  shape  to  those  on  the 
common  ware.  The  doves  and  boat  are  wanting ; 
but  high  up  in  the  left-hand  corner — or,  in  he- 
raldic language,  in  the  dexter  canton — is  an  island 
with  house  and  trees.  A  bridge  of  one  arch  leads 
to  an  island  on  the  left,  which,  however,  is  with- 
out any  residence  on  it.  The  willow  grows  out 
of  this  island,  and  not  from  the  mainland,  but  its 
place  on  the  common  plate  is  supplied  by  a  group 
of  two  trees  or  bushes  occupying  the  site  of  the 
zig-zag  railing.  There  are  only  two  figures  crossing 
the  bridge,  one  of  which  bears  the  flat  board 
which  is  carried  by  the  middle  figure  in  the 
common  pattern.  I  cannot  trace  any  resemblance 
between  the  borders. 

The  following  rhymes,  descriptive  of  the  com- 
mon willow-pattern,  which  I  took  down  from  the 
recitation  of  a  young  nursery-maid  from  Dorset- 
shire, may  not  prove  uninteresting  to  your  cor- 
respondents on  this  subject:  — 

"  Two  pigeons  flying  high, 
A  little  ship  sailing  by, 
A  weeping  willow  drooping  o'er 
Three  workmen  and  no  more. 
Next  the  Avarehouse  ;  near  at  hand 
A  palace  for  the  lord  of  land  ; 
An  apple-tree  vifh  fruit  o'erhung, 
The  fencing  round  will  end  mj-  song." 

E.  M'C. 

It  never  occurred  to  me  that  any  one  seiiously 
believed  that  this  pattern  illustrated  a  Chinese 
story.  F.  C.  H.  is  certainly  correct  in  saying  that 
the  story  was  *'  written  to  fit  the  pattern." 


By  the  "'  orthodox  pattern,"  I  understand  that 
which  is  most  common,  viz.,  with  the  two  swal- 
lows, a  bridge  of  three  arches,  &c. 

For  some  years  past,  our  own  manufacturers 
have  been  underselling  common  china,  even  in 
the  native  markets,  such  as  Hong  Kong ;  and  when 
at  Pekin,  in  1861,  I  observed  one  of  our  own 
"orthodox"  willow-pattern  plates  (which  pro- 
bably cost  2c?.  in  England)  offered  as  a  curiositij  in 
ceramic  ware  and  design,  by  a  dealer  in  the 
former  locality,  for  half  a  dollar.  The  lighter 
designs  approximating  to  our  willow  pattern  are 
common  enough  in  China ;  but  there  is  no  single 
"  incident,''  as  it  were,  common  to  all  in  these  de- 
signs, while  even  the  suspicion  that  our  "  orthodox 
willow  pattern"  was  meant  to  be  Chinese  pro- 
bably never  entered  the  mind  of  a  subject  of  the 
emperor's.  The  border  of  our  recognised  wiUow 
pattern  bears  intrinsic  evidence  to  its  non-Chinese 
origin.  There  are  certain  figures,  dispositions, 
and  arrangements  of  Chinese  geometrical  or  da- 
masked designs,  which  are  rarely  successfully 
imitated ;  and  a  tolerably  practised  eye  will  de- 
tect the  counterfeit  at  once  and  unhesitatingly. 
As  I  now,  however,  begin  to  transgress  the  limits 
of  the  question,  I  shall  have  done.  Sp. 


COLLINS. 


(S'-'i  S.  xi.  84,  161,  323.) 

Your  correspondents  Alter  and  C.  T.  ConiNS 
Teelaw^tt  may  find  the  following  of  service :  — 

Mr.  M.  A.  Lower,  in  his  Patronymica  Britan- 
nica,  derives  the  English  names  Culling,  Collins, 
&c.— the  Scottish  Cullen  and  Cullan — the  Irish 
CuUen — from  Cuillean  and  O'Cuillean,  the  tribe- 
name  of  some  Irish  clan.  He  may  be  possibly 
right  as  far  as  the  Irish  "Cullen"  or  "  Cullin"  is 
concerned.  He  is  totally  wrong  about  the  Scot- 
tish Cullen — a  name  properly  spelt  ddlnyne  or 
CuUane,  and  borne  by  a  family  who  held  lands  of 
that  ilk  near  the  stream  of  the  same  name  in 
Banffshire  as  early  as  the  thirteenth  century. 
Respecting  th6  English  "Collins,"  &c.  he  has 
made  an  equally  hasty  and  erroneous  decision. 
A  glance  at  any  Armory  or  Heraldry  will  show 
that  all  the  English  families  spelling  their  name 
indifferently  Cullen,  CoUen,  Culling,  Cullinge, 
and  Collins— whether  of  Kent,  Essex,  Stafford- 
shire, or  Devon — are  of  one  stock,  bearing  the 
griffin  segreant  (differenced)  on  their  shield,  and 
probably  all  having  their  origin  in  a  parent  stem 
deriving  its  name  from  the  village  of  Culinge,  in 
the  hundred  of  Riseburge,  Suffblk,  mentioned  in 
Domesday  (292  b.)  as  owned  by  "  Comes  Alanus." 

In  Kent  the  form  of  Cullen  is  most  common. 
Folkestone  churchyard  is  full  of  tombstones  bear- 
ing it ;  and  it  may  be  traced  at  Canterbury,  and 
all  along  the  east  coast  and  Isle  of  Thanet. 

A  gentleman  who  settled  at  Woodlands,  near 


3>^<i  S.  XI.  May  18,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


407 


Asliburton,  Devon,  is  called  CuUen  in  the  county 
histories,  and  Culling  in  the  Harl.  MSS.  where 
his  arms  are  given.  His  line  terminated  in  an 
heiress  who,  four  or  five  generations  back,  mar- 
ried Fursdon  of  Fursdon.  In  Essex,  Collen  ap- 
pears most  usual,  and  still  exists  there  in  a  good 
family.  Collins  is  a  corruption  found  everywhere. 
Any  good  Heraldry  will  give  every  variation  of 
the  name  and  difference  of  the  coat  armour. 
There  is  hut  one  exception  to  the  rule  that  all 
this  family  of  names  derive  from  one  original 
"  Culinge  ";  and  that,  although  no  one  now  exists 
of  the  race  who  bore  it,  it  may  be  as  well  to 
mention.  Richard  Cullen,  of  an  ancient  family 
of  Breda  in  the  Duchy  of  Brabant,  descended  from 
Arnould  von  Ceulen,  living  a.d.  1300,  came  to 
England  on  the  persecution  of  the  Protestants  by 
the  Duke  of  Alva.  His  son  or  grandson  was 
created  a  baronet  by  Charles  II.  The  family, 
however,  became  extinct,  apparently  even  in  the 
female  line,  in  1730.  (Burke,  Extinct  Baro- 
netcies.) X.  C. 


Cozens,  the  Water-colottr  Painter  (3"*  S. 
xi.  294.) — In  reply  to  your  correspondent  P.  re- 
specting Cozens,  the  water-colour  painter,  I  have 
always  understood  that  J.  Heywood  Hawkins,  Esq., 
of  Bignor  Park,  Sussex,  was  a  pupil  of  his,  and  he 
can  no  doubt  give  the  required  information.  Turn- 
ing over  my  file  of  Royal  Academy  Catalogues,  I 
find  that  Alexander  Cozens  exhibited  at  the  Royal 
Academy  in  1772-3-5-6-7-8,  and  1781;  John 
Cozens  only  once,  in  1776,  No.  68,  a  landscape, 
"  Hannibal  in  his  march  over  the  Alps,  showing 
to  his  army  the  fertile  plains  of  Italy."  I  also 
note  in  the  Exhibition  of  1783,  No.  386,  "Head 
of  a  majestic  beauty,  composed  on  Mr.  Cozens's 
principles,  by  T.  Banks."  I  should  be  glad  to 
learn  where  any  of  these  works  can  be  seen. 

F.  W.  C. 

Clapham  Park,  S. 

Abraham  Thornton  (2"<i  S.  ii.  241 ;  xi.  481.) 
The  following  extract  from  The  Times  is  a  fitting 
conclusion  to  the  curious  articles  which  have 
already  appeared  on  this  very  subject  in 
''N.  &Q.":  — 

"  The  Last  Wager  of  Battle  in  England. — There  has 
died  in  Birmingham  a  poor  old  man,  one  event  of  whose 
history  forms  an  important  mark  in  the  progress  of  civi- 
lisation in  England,  especially  as  relating  to  the  old  bar- 
barous mode  of  settling  disputes  and  trying  causes  by 
the  '  wager  of  battel.'  The  deceased,  William  Ashford, 
was  the  last  person  who  was  challenged  in  an  English 
court  to  meet  in  single  combat  a  man  whom  he  had  ac- 
cused as  the  murderer  of  his  sister.  On  the  26th  of  May, 
1817,  a  beautiful  young  woman  named  Mary  Ashford, 
in  her  twentieth  year,  went  to  dance  at  Erdington  with- 
out proper  protection.  She  left  the  festive  scene  at  a  late 
hour,  accompanied  b}'  a  young  man  named  Abraham 
Thornton,  a  farmer's  son  in  the  neighbourhood.  They 
were  last  seen  talking  together  at  a  stile  near  the  place, 


but  next  morning  she  was  found  dead  in  a  pit  of  water ; 
and  there  were  fearful  evidences  that  she  had  been  abused, 
violated,  and  murdered.  General  suspicion  pointing  to 
Thornton,  he  was  arrested,  and  tried  for  murder  at  War- 
wick Assizes  in  August ;  but  though  strong  circumstan- 
tial evidence  was  given  against  him,  the  defence,  which 
was  an  alibi,  obtained  a  verdict  of  '  not  guiltj'.'  The 
feeling  of  surprise  and  indignation  at  his  acquittal  was 
so  intense  that  a  new  trial  was  called  for,  and  an  appeal 
was  entered  against  the  verdict  by  William  Ashford,  the 
brother  and  next  of  kin  to  the  murdered  girl.  Thornton 
was  again  apprehended,  and  sent  to  London  in  November, 
to  be  tried  before  Lord  EUenborough  and  the  full  Court 
of  Queen's  Bench.  Instead  of  regular  defence  by  argu- 
ments, evidences,  and  witnesses,  Thornton  boldly  defied 
all  present  modes  of  jurisdiction,  and  claimed  his  right, 
according  to  ancient  custom,  to  challenge  his  accuser  to 
fight  him,  and  decide  his  innocence  or  guilt  by  the  '  wager 
of  battel.'  His  answer  to  the  question  of  the  Court  was 
'  Not  guilty,  and  I  am  ready  to  defend  the  same  by  my 
body.'  He  accompanied  these  words  by  the  old  act  of 
taking  off  his  glove,  and  throwing  it  down  upon  the  floor 
of  the  court.  At  this  stage  of  the  proceedings  William 
Ashford,  who  was  in  court,  actually  came  forward,  and 
was  about  to  accept  the  challenge  by  picking  up  the 
glove  when  he  was  kept  back  by  those  about  him.  With 
what  wonder  did  the  assembly,  and  indeed  the  nation, 
ask, '  Can  a  prisoner  insist  upon  so  obsolete  a  mode  of 
trial  in  such  a  time  of  light  as  the  nineteenth  century  ?  ' 
But  with  greater  wonder  and  regret  was  the  judgment  of 
the  Court  received :  for,  after  several  adjournments,  it 
was  decided  in  April,  1818,  that  the  law  of  England  was 
in  favour  of  the  '  wager  of  battel ;'  that  the  old  laws 
sanctioning  it  had  never  been  repealed  ;  and  that,  though 
this  mode  of  trial  had  become  obsolete,  it  must  be  allowed. 
Thornton  was  therefore  discharged,  and  being  set  at 
liberty  left  this  country  for  America,  where  he  died  in 
obscurity." 

John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Lord  Hailes  (Z'^  S.  xi.  376.)— I  wish  F.  B. 
would  mention  where  he  gets  his  copy  of  these 
lines.  They  are  clearly  very  erroneous.  "  Acci- 
dit  "  may  be  a  false  print  for  "ea'cidit,"  which  of 
course  is  meant.  But  "  Te  dulcis  uxor !  "  comes  in 
"  no  how,"  and  has  neither  sense  nor  construction ; 
nor  do  the  lines  say  that  the  mother  was  dead, 
though  the  last  line  implies  it. 

But  this  said  last  line  cannot  possibly  be  correct. 
No  one  who  could  write  such  good  iambics  as 
these  lines  are,  would  ever  finish  them  off  with  a 
line  of  a  quite  different  metre — "  Solus  ac  dubius 
feror." 

Lord  Hailes's  collected  works  are  neither  in  the 
Athenaeum  nor  in  the  London  Library. 

Ltttelton. 

"  All  is  lost  save  Honour  '"  (3"*  S.  xi.  275.) 
I  believe  that  the  nearest  approach  to  the  saying, 
"  Tout  est  perdu  fors  I'honneur,"  which  is  ascribed 
to  Francis  I.  is  found  in  Antonio  de  Vera's  Vida 
y  Hechos  de  Carlos  V.  (p.  123),  where,  in  describing 
the  event,  he  thus  laconically  expresses  the  idea 
found  in  the  letter  of  Francis  quoted  by  L. — 
"  Madama,  toto  se  ha  perdido  sino  es  la  honra." 
It  is  impossible,  I  suspect,  to  discover  how  this 
very  marked  expression  first  gained  currency  as  the 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XL  Mat  18,  '67. 


precise  words  of  Francis.  Fourmer,  in  his  L^Usprit 
dans  VHistoire  (Paris,  1857),  quotes  a  line  from 
the  Epistle  of  Clement  Marot  to  Queen  Eleonora, 
as  likely  to  have  popularised  the  mistake — "  Que 
le  corps  pris,  I'honneur  luy  demoura,"  and  also 
some  passages  from  a  song  made  hj  the  king 
during  his  captivity  — 

"  Ciieur  resolu  d'autre  chose  n'a  cure, 
Que  de  I'honneur. 

Le  corps  vaincu,  le  cueur  reste  vainqueur." 

C.  T.  Ramage. 

L.  appears  to  imply  that  it  is  generally  supposed 
these  words  were  uttered  by  Francis  "as  he  en- 
tered the  city  after  his  defeat."  The  mode,  how- 
ever, in  which  he  gave  expression  to  his  feelings 
has  long  been  before  the  world  in  so  well  known 
a  book  as  Robertson's  Charles  V.,  where  it  is 
stated :  — 

"  The  king  himself  had  early  transmitted  an  account 
of  the  rout  at  Pavia,  in  a  letter  to  his  mother,  delivered 
by  Pennalosa,  which  contained  only  these  words — '  Ma- 
dam, all  is  lost,  except  our  honour." 

H.  P.  D. 

Ballad  Queries  (3'^  S.  xi.  246.)  — The  verses 
quoted  are  evidently  from  the  ballad  of  "The 
Dead  Men  of  Pesth."  If  Mr.  Fitzhopkins  can 
obtain  the  whole  and  send  it  to  "  N.  &  Q."  he 
will  do  me  and  its  numerous  readers  a  great  favour. 
He  is  evidently  on  the  trace.  I  hope  he  will  find 
out  the  other  verses  of  a  fine  old  ballad  that  ought 
not  to  perish.  S.  Jackson. 

"Nec  plttribtts  impae"  (3"'  S.  xi.  277.)  — 
Gerard  van  Loon  (a  near  namesake  of  Mr.  H. 
Van  Laun),  in  his  Histoire  numismatique  des  Paijs- 
Bas,  gives  as  the  French  translation :  "  II  suffiroit 
a  plusieurs."  P.  A.  L. 

Sir  Richard  Phillips  (S'*  S.  xi.  265.)— The 
names  of  Rev.  D.  Blair  (not  Dr.)  and  Rev.  J. 
Goldsmith  are  fictitious.  The  works  to  which 
they  are  attached  were  compiled  by  Sir  Richard. 
Some  years  ago  a  venerable  friend,  one  of  the  most 
respectable  members  of  the  bookselling  trade, 
assured  me  such  was  the  case.  J.  H.  Dixon. 

Double  Acrostics  (3-^^  S.  xi.  285.)  — The  fol- 
lowing verse  reads  alike  both  ways  :  — 

"  In  girum  imus  noctu,  non  ut  consumimur  igni." 

"  We  go  round  in  a  circle  at  night,  not  to  be  consumed 
by  fire." 

It  applies  to  the  witches'  Sabbath.       P.  A.  L. 

"Whilst  offering  thanks  to  Mr.  O'Cavanagh  for 
his  erudite  account  of  the  antiquity  of  the  acrostic, 
I  cannot  regret  the  misapprehension  which  has 
called  it  forth.  Though  a  "  frivolous  reader,"  I 
am  not  unaware  that  this  form  of  writing  has 
been  hallowed  by  the  Psalmist ;  nor  have  I  for- 
gotten how  Addison  speaks  of  this  "  ingenious 
trifling."     I  write  simply  because  I  think  that 


Mr.  O'Cavakagh  has  mistaken  the  query  to 
which  he  alludes,  which  was  not  regarding  the 
invention  of  this  species  of  writing,  but  of  that 
modern  variety,  the  double  acrostic,  which  com- 
bines acrostic,  enigma,  and  charade. 

I  trust  this  modern  acrostic  does  not  desecrate 
the  name  by  affording  innocent  amusement,  al- 
though it  may  not  have  the  higher  aim  of  its 
monkish  progenitors.  M.  T. 

In  Addison's  essay  On  the  Wit  of  the  Monkish 
Ages,  8^c.,  the  following  passage  occurs :  — 

"  The  acrostic  was  probabh'  invented  about  the  same 
time  with  the  anagram,  though  it  is  impossible  to  decide 
whether  the  inventor  of  the  one  or  the  other  were  the 
greater  blockhead.  The  simple  acrostic  is  nothing  but 
the  name  or  title  of  a  person  or  thing  made  out  of  the 
initial  letters  of  several  verses,  and  by  that  means  written 
after  the  manner  of  the  Chinese,  in  a  perpendicular  line. 
But  besides  these  there  are  compound  acrostics,  where 
the  principal  letters  stand  two  or  three  deep.  I  have 
seen  some  of  them  where  the  verses  have  not  only  been 
edged  by  a  name  at  each  extremity,  but  have  had  the  same 
name  running  down  like  a  seam  through  the  middle  of 
the  poem." 

The  italics  are  mine.  It  would  seem  from  this 
that  the  science  of  acrostic-making  has  rather 
fallen  off  than  increased  of  late  years. 

Walter  Rye. 

Chelsea. 

Astronomy  and  History  (3"^  S.  xi.  234.) — A 
long  list  of  the  total  and  partial  eclipses  of  the 
sun  and  moon  will  be  found  in  James  Ferguson's 
Astronomy,  edited  by  Sir  David  Brewster,  pub- 
lished in  1821,  by  Stirling  and  Slade  in  Edin- 
burgh, and  Whittakers  in  London.  The  tables 
are  from  the  catalogue  calculated  by  Struky, 
Ricciolus,  and  others. 

The  earliest  mentioned  is  — 

"  754  B.C.  July  5th.  But,  according  to  the  old  calendar, 
this  eclipse  of  the  sun  was  on  the  21st  of  April ;  on  which 
day  the  foundations  of  Rome  were  laid,  if  we  may  believe 
Taruntius  Firmanus." 

And  are  calculated  up  to  the  year  1900,  The 
tables  also  give  the  place  from  which  it  could  be 
seen,  the  hour  and  minutes,  and  the  digits  eclipsed. 

There  is  also  an  interesting  list  of  the  transits 
of  Venus  over  the  sun's  disc  for  two  thousand 
years,  calculated  from  Lalande's  Tables.  From 
this  table  it  appears  that  the  next  transit  (which 
is  looked  forward  to  with  so  much  interest  by 
astronomers,  for  them  to  rectify  these  calcula- 
tions) is  to  take  place  in  1874,  Dec.  8,  le**  8' 24"; 
geocentric  longitude  of  the  sun  and  Venus, 
8°  7"  57'  49";  middle  apparent  time,  15''  43'  28" ; 
semiduration  of  the  transit,  2''  4'  41";  nearest 
approach  of  centres  of  the  planets,  10'  5'  N.  And 
the  following  take  place  in  1882,  2004,  2012, 
2117,  2125,  &c.  The  last  transit  of  Venus  visible 
was  in  1769,  then  1761, 1639,  &c. 

The  following  extract  may  be  interesting  to 
your  readers :  — 


3»d  S.  XI,  May  18,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


"  The  4746th  year  of  the  Julian  Period,  which  we  have 
astronomically  proved  to  be  the  year  of  the  Crucifixion, 
was  the  fourth  year  of  the  202nd  Olympiad ;  in  which 
j^ear,  Phlegon,  a  heathen  writer,  tells  us,  there  was  the 
most  extraordinary  eclipse  of  the  sun  that  ever  was  seen. 
But  I  find,  by  calculation,  that  there  could  be  no  total 
eclipse  of  the  sun  at  Jerusalem  in  a  natural  way  in  that 
year.  So  that  what  Phlegon  here  calls  an  eclipse  of  the 
sun  seems  to  have  been  the  great  darkness  for  three 
hours  at  the  time  of  our  Saviour's  crucifixion,  as  men- 
tioned by  the  Evangelists — a  darkness  altogether  super- 
natural, as  the  moon  was  then  in  the  side  of  the  heavens 
opposite  to  the  sun,  and  therefore  could  not  possibly 
darken  the  sun  to  any  part  of  the  earth." 

A  great  number  of  other  interesting  events  are 
discussed,  and  will  well  repay  the  reader  of  this 
work.  E.  A.  C. 

Greenwich. 

Haib  Standii^g  on  End  (3'"  S.  xi.  193.)— There 
is  a  curious  passage  in  the  Memoirs  of  Cardinal 
Pacca,  in  which  he  describes  this  phenomenon  as 
occurring  to  the  head  of  the  Koman  Catholic 
Church.  The  Cardinal  had  been  placed  under 
arrest  by  the  French  general  (MiolUs),  and  had 
sent  a  messenger  to  Pius  VII.  to  acquaint  him 
with  the  outrage  :  — 

"  Not  more  than  a  few  minutes  had  elapsed  since  I 
despatched  the  report,  when  the  door  of  the  room  was 
thrown  open  with  extraordinary  violence,  and  the  pre- 
sence of  the  Holy  Father  was  abruptly  announced  to  me. 
I  instantlj'  hurried  to  meet  him,  and  was  then  an  eye- 
witness of  a  phenomenon  that  I  had  frequently  heard  of, 
but  had  never  seen,  namely,  the  hair  of  a  violently  ex- 
cited man  standing  erect  on  his  forehead  ;  while  the 
excellent  pontiff,  blinded  as  it  were  with  anger,  notwith- 
standing that  I  was  dressed  in  the  purple  soutane  of  a 
Cardinal,  did  not  recognise  me,  but  cried  with  a  loud 
voice  :  '  Who  are  you  ?  Who  are  you  ?  '  "  —  Ilemoirs  of 
Cardinal  Pacca,  translated  by  Sir  George  Head,  i.  03. 

H.  W.  HlGGINS. 

I  remember,  upwards  of  forty  years  ago,  having 
heard  a  man  tried  at  the  York  Assizes  for  bur- 
glary, which  at  that  time  was  a  capital  offence. 
During  the  few  minutes  of  suspense  whilst  the 
jury  were  returning  into  court  to  record  their 
verdict,  intense  anxiety  was  depicted  in  the 
prisoner's  countenance  :  his  eyes  looked  wild  and 
prominent,  and  his  hair  stood  up  bristling  all  over 
his  head.  Directly  he  heard  the  verdict  "Not 
guilty,"  his  countenance  assumed  a  calmer  aspect, 
and  his  hair  laid  down  quite  flat  on  his  head. 

I  have  often  heard  the  lady  who  was  with  me 
relate  the  above  facts,  to  prove  that  the  expres- 
sion "making  the  hair  stand  on  end"  is  not  a 
mere  figure  of  speech.  H.  H.  T. 

Rev.  John  Daewell  (3"»  S.  xi.  136.)  —  In  the 
brief  biographical  notices  prefixed  to  AUon  and 
Gauntlett's  Congregational  Psalmist,  the  Rev. 
John  Darwell  is  stated  to  have  been  "a  Warwick- 
shire clergyman  in  the  last  century,"  He  was 
author  also  of  the  tune  "  Olney,"  No.  44  in  that 
collection.  Henrt  W.  S.  Taxlor. 

Halifax. 


Rtjst  Removed  from  Metais  (3"*  S.  xi.  235.) 
I  think  a  rural  recipe,  not  uncommon  in  Dorset- 
shire, might  serve  your  querist  here.  It  is  to 
place  the  rusty  articles  in  a  tub  of  brewer's  grains 
till  the  rust  has  become  softened,  and  may  often 
be  easily  wiped  ofi^.  C.  W.  Bingham. 

Baronets  of  Ireland  (3'^  S.  ix.  238.)  —  The 
passage  referred  to  is  doubtless  the  following,  in 
A  Complete  Body  of  Heraldry,  by  Joseph  Ed- 
mondson,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  Mowbray  Herald  Extra- 
ordinary, in  2  vols,  fol.,  London,  1780 :  — 
"  Order  of  Baronets  in  Ireland. 
"  This  order  was  instituted  by  King  James  I.  in  the 
18"'  year  of  his  reign,  and  not  long  after  his  erection  of 
the  like  dignity  in  England.  The  Baronets  of  Ireland 
had  the  same  privileges  granted  to  them  as  are  enjoyed 
by  those  of  England ;  and  also  bear  on  their  paternal 
coat  the  arms  of  Ulster.  The  first  who  was  advanced  to 
this  hereditary  dignity  in  Ireland  was  Sir  Francis  Blun- 
del,  ancestor  to  the  Viscount  Blundel.  He  was  knighted 
by  King  James  I.  at  Newmarket ;  and  the  patent  creat- 
ing him  a  Baronet  bears  date  on  the  14'h  October,  1620. 
A  list  of  these  Baronets,  from  the  creation  of  Sir  Francis 
Blundel  to  the  present  time,  was  intended  to  be  here 
added,  provided  it  could  be  rendered  complete  ;  but  upon 
my  application  to  the  Heralds'  Office  in  Dublin,  I  find  it 
impracticable  to  execute  that  design  with  the  wished-for 
exactness,  no  regular  entry  of  the  patents  having  been 
made  in  that  ofSce." 

D. 
Hymnodt  (3''<i  S.  xi.  204.)— The  uncertainty  of 
R.  Robinson  being  the  author  of  "Come,  thou 
fount  of  every  blessing,"  is,  I  think,  heightened  by 
the  fact  that  other  hymns  have  been  equally 
claimed  for  him.  If  your  readers  will  turn  to 
Ivimey's  History  of  the  Bajitists  (vol.  iii.  p.  456), 
they  will  see  the  following  :  — 

"  It  seems  almost  incredible  that  the  man  who  at  one 
period  of  his  life  wrote  the  hymns — '  Jesus,  lover  of  my 
soul,'  &c.,  'Come,  thou  fount  of  every  blessing,'  &c., 
and  '  Mighty  God,  while  angels  bless  thee,'  &c.— should 
have  sunk  so  low  as  to  revile  the  Scripture  doctrines  of 
the  Trinity  and  other  corresponding  truths." 

I  cannot  see  the  justness  of  Mr.  Robinson,  in 
his  Select  Works  of  R.  Rohinson,  1861,  in  trying 
to  make  it  appear  that  R.  Robinson  had  forgot 
that  he  ever  composed  "  Come,  thou  fount  of  every 
blessing,"  and  presuming  that  it  escaped  his 
memory. 

If  no  better  testimony  can  be  brought  for  the 
claim  of  Robinson  as  the  author  than  the  nume- 
rous tales  we  have  often  read,  it  had  better  rest, 
as  R.  Robinson  stated  in  his  letter  of  1766  (six 
years  after  the  hymns  appeared  in  Madan's  collec- 
tion), that  he  had  not  up  to  that  period  wrote 
any  hymns  except  the  eleven  he  sent  to  Mr. 
Whitefield.  Z. 

David  Jones,  the  Welsh  Freeholder  (3'^  S. 
xi.  292.)  —  David  Jones  was  the  son  of  a  Welsh 
landed  proprietor  at  Bwlch,  near  Llandovery,  in 
South  Wales;  from  which  circumstance  he  was 
led  to  adopt  the  signature  of  "  A  Welsh  Free- 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^i  S,  XI.  May  18,  '67. 


holder,"  in  tlie  defences  of  Unitarianism  against 
Dr.  Horsley,  then  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  which 
he  subsequently  published.  Being  designed  for 
the  ministry  among  the  Oalvinistic  Dissenters,  he 
was  sent  to  the  academy  at  Homerton,  and  was 
there  a  contemporary  of  the  late  Rev.  Charles 
Wellbeloved  of  York,  the  author  of  JEboracum,  or 
York  under  the  Itomans,  and  other  antiquarian 
works.  Having  renounced  the  religious  system 
in  which  he  had  been  educated,  he  was  not 
allowed  to  remain  in  the  academy,  and  removed 
to  Hackney  College,  then  recently  founded.  After 
finishing  his  course  there,  he  became  minister  of 
the  New  Meeting  Congregation  (Dr.  Priestley's) 
at  Birmingham  ;  but  soon  abandoned  the  ministry, 
entered  himself  at  Caius  College,  and  was  called 
to  the  bar.  His  subsequent  history  is  not  known 
to  me ;  but  I  believe  that  he  went  the  Oxford 
circuit,  and  died  in  middle  life.  K. 

CUSACK   AND    LUTTEELL    EPIGRAMS    (3'*  S.   xi. 

272.)— In  Kett's  Flotoers  of  Wit  (1814,  vol.  i. 
p.  152),  is  the  following  anecdote  of  Ben  Jonson : — 

"  A  vintner,  to  whom  he  was  in  debt,  invited  him  to 
dinner ;  and  told  him  that  if  he  would  give  him  an  im- 
mediate answer  to  the  following  questions,  he  would  for- 
give him  his  debt.  The  vintner  asked  him,  what  God  is 
best  pleased  with  ;  what  the  devil  is  best  pleased  with ; 
what  the  world  is  best  pleased  with ;  and  what  he  was 
best  pleased  with.  Ben,  without  the  least  hesitation, 
gave  the  following  reply ;  which,  as  an  impromptu,  de- 
serves no  small  share  of  praise  :  — 

'  God  is  best  pleas'd,  when  men  forsake  their  sin ; 
The  devil's  best  pleas'd,  when  they  persist  therein ; 
The  world's  best  pleas'd,  when  thou  dost  sell  good 

wine ; 
And  you're  best  pleas'd,  when  I  do  pay  for  mine.'  " 

In  "N.  &  Q."  (1^'  S.  V.  283)  a  similar  story  is 
told,  but  with  Dryden  instead  of  Ben  Jonson  for 
the  hero.  A  debt  to  a  vintner,  evidently  forgiven 
because  the  chance  of  payment  was  very  slight, 
accords  better  with  the  circumstances  of  the 
latter  than  of  the  former  poet.  If  Kett  is  correct 
in  ascribing  the  lines  to  Jonson,  the  epitaph  on  the 
plotting  Jesuit  Coleman  was  doubtless  founded 
upon  them. 

Your  correspondent's  assertion,  that  the  name 
Cusack  "is  thoroughly  foreign  to  Ireland,"  is  re- 
futed in  Burke's  Peerage  and  Baronetage ;  where, 
under  the  title  "  Cusac-Smith,"  it  is  stated 
that :  — 

"  Sir  Michael  Smith  married,  first,  Mary- Anne,  daugh- 
ter of  James  Cusac,  Esq.,  of  Coolmines,  co.  Dublin,  and 
of  Ballyronan,  co.  Wicklow  ;  descended  lineally  from  Sir 
Thomas  Cusac,  Knt.,  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ireland,  and 
one  of  the  Lords-justices  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIII. 
and  Edward  VI." 

H.  P.  D. 

So-called  Grants  of  Arms  (3'"''  S.  xi.  327.) — 

When  I  sent  the  list  of  grants  of  arms,  to  which 

your  correspondent  P.  P.  refers,  I  was  perfectly 

aware  of  the  contents  of  those  documents.   I  must 


disclaim  any  intention  to  gibbet  (as  your  coiTe- 
spondent  so  elegantly  phrases  it)  any  Plantagenet 
families,  but  at  the  same  time  assert,  what  every 
person  acquainted  with  the  documents  in  ques- 
tion is  perfectly  well  aware  of,  viz.  that  there  is 
no  real  diiference  between  a  grant  and  a  confirma- 
tion; and  as  this  has  been  already  very  clearly 
set  forth  in  '^N.  &  Q.,"  I  content  myself  with  re- 
ferring P.  P.  to  S'^'i  S,  vi.  461,  where  he  will  find 
an  excellent  article  on  these  terms.       G.  W.  M. 

Inscriptions  on  Angelits  Bells  (3"^^  S.  xi, 
213.) — We  find  on  old  bells  more  or  less  of  the 
Angelic  Salutation,  usually  in  Latin,  but  occa- 
sionally in  English.     Also  the  following :  — 

[Commoa.] 

+  I)ac  ill  rDttcTaftc  nunc  jpangc  ^uabc  flahrieX 
abe.     [East  Anglia.] 

+  mt'^^i  "St  ccIt'iS  i)'ca  nomE'  galiricItS.    [Com- 
mon.] 
in  goti  t^  al  quntf  gaSricI.     [Crofton,  near 
Wakefield.] 
+  ^anctc  galirtle  ora  pro  nahii,    [Common.] 
]^ac  nan  balfe  bia  ni^i  iftca^  abe  marta:  ^it 
i'cmpcr  Sine   me   qui  miriji  Htcat  abc. 

\_Manual  of  Eng.  Ecdesiology.'] 

+  tfuIcfS  ^tSta  meltS  campana  bacar  gairtelt'^. 

[Common.] 
These  are  all  I  can  find  at  present,  but  there 
probably  are  in  existence  others  of  a  similar  nature. 

J.  T.  F. 
The  College,  Hurstpierpoint. 

<'Deaf  as  a  Beetle"  (3''»  S.  xi.  34, 106,  328.) 
Is  it  too  late  to  add  a  note  on  the  above  simile  ? 
If  not,  would  the  following  be  of  service  ?  There 
is  used  in  Lancashire  a  large  ponderous  machine, 
called  a  "  Beetling  Machine ;"  which  is  made  of 
a  number  of  heavy  beech  (?)  logs,  or  "  beetles," 
so  arranged  as  to  rise  and  fall  consecutively  upon 
calicoes  passing  under  them.  The  din  caused  by 
the  huge  beetles  falling  upon  the  roller  over 
which  the  calico  passes,  is  more  deafening  and 
distracting  than  that  caused  by  shuttles  in  a 
weaving  shed,  and  is  the  most  painful  noise  with 
which  I  am  acquainted.  If  the  saying  were  "  As 
deaf e?jm/7  as  a  beetle,"  it  would  be  certainly  under- 
stood in  Lancashire,  and  thought  highly  expres- 
sive. But,  after  all,  may  not  the  true  simile  be 
the  one  given  by  Ray — "  As  dull  as  a  beetle  "  ? 
J.  E.  Whallet. 

Eccles. 

It  is  quite  unnecessary  "to  believe  the  true 
reading  to  be  beadle."  A  phrase  in  Shakspeare, 
"There's  no  more  conceit  in  him  than  is  in  a 
mallet"  {Henry  IV.,  Part  II.,  Act  II.  Sc.  4), 
shows  that  a  mallet  or  beetle  was  regarded  as  a 
thing  hardly  to  be   exceeded    in    senselessness. 


3'd  S.  XI.  May  18,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


411 


Halliwell's  Dictionary  gives  —  "  Beetle-headed, 
dull,  stupid."  On  the  other  hand,  the  proverb 
"  As  blind  as  beetles  "  may  perhaps  be  derived 
from  the  habits  of  the  insect.  E.  S.  D. 

Sir  James  Wood's  Eegiment  (3"^  S.  xi.  314.) 
This  officer  was  colonel  of  what  is  now  the  21st 
North  British  Fusiliers  from  1735  to  1738.  It  is 
not  probable  that  the  regiment  itself  possesses 
any  records  of  its  old  officers,  but  it  is  possible 
that  the  name  required  may  be  traced  in  the 
Army  List  of  1739.  Sebastian. 

Death  by  GriLLOTiNE  (3'-'^  S.  xi.  134)  : 
Beetle  (^'^  S.  xi.  34,  106, 14:3,  167.)— Analogous 
to  the  punishment  of  the  guillotine  was  the 
custom  long  in  existence  here,  known  as  the 
"Halifax  Gibbet  Law,"  for  the  protection  of  the 
cloth-trade,  by  which  offenders  were  beheaded 
summarily  for  theft.  It  is  related  that  on  one 
occasion,  a  market  woman  on  horseback  passing 
the  gibbet  at  the  very  moment  of  the  descent  of 
the  axe,  the  head  was  jerked  into  her  lap,  seizing 
her  apron  with  the  teeth  so  firmly  that  she  was 
with  difficulty  disengaged  from  it.  In  Crabtree's 
History  of  Halifax  will  be  found  a  full  account  of 
the  subject  and  the  early  history  of  punishments 
by  decollation,  &c. ;  also  a  reference  to  the  sup- 
posed origin  of  hangman's  wages,  from  the  coin- 
cidence that  the  minimum  value  of  the  cloth 
stolen,  to  ensure  conviction,  was  fixed  by  the  afore- 
said law  at  13|fZ.  Crabtree  also  quotes  from 
Evelyn's  Memoirs  a  passage  illustrating  this  sub- 
ject, and  also  the  use  of  the  word  beetle :  — 

"  1645.  At  Naples  they  use  a  frame  like  ours  at  Hali- 
fax .  .  ,  Tlie  next  day  I  saw  a  wretch  executed  who 
had  murthered  his  master,  for  which  he  had  his  head 
chop'd  off  by  an  axe  slid  down  a  frame  of  timber,  the 
executioner  striking  at  the  axe  with  the  beatle.  and  so 
the  head  fell  off  the  block." 

A  woodcut  given  in  Crabtree  shows  the  process 
of  decapitation :  the  peg  being  withdrawn  by  a 
horse  or  other  animal  attached  thereto  by  a  cord, 
and  driven  from  the  spot,  so  releasing  the  axe  to 
do  its  fatal  work.  In  the  West  of  England, 
"beetle'' — the  heavy  iron-bound  mallet  used  in 
felling  timber,  and  for  other  purposes,  is  usually 
spelled  *'boitle,"  and  Bailey  gives  ''Beetle  or 
£oytle  (Bycel,  Sax.),  A  wooden  instrument  or 
hammer  for  driving  of  piles,  stakes,  wedges,  &c." 
Henky  W.  S.  Taylor. 

Halifax. 

Virgil  and  Singing  of  Birds  (3"^  S.  xi.  314.) 
Though  it  is  true,  as  stated  in  Pegge's  Anony- 
miana,  that  no  mention  is  made  by  Virgil,  in  his 
enumeration  of  the  pleasures  of  a  country  life 
{Georg.  \\.  sub  Jin.),  of  the  minstrelsy  of  the  fea- 
thered quire,  the  poet  was  doubtless  fully  alive  to 
its  charms.  Indeed,  we  need  not  go  further  for 
proof  of  this  than   the   glowing  description  of 


Spring,  contained  in  the  same  poem,  where  (ii. 
328)  we  find  — 

"  Avia  turn  resonant  avibus  virgulla  canoris." 

Cf.  Georg.  i.  422,  where,  as  one  of  the  results  of 
the  return  of  fair  weather  after  foul,  the  poet  does 
not  fail  to  note  — 

"...    ille  avium  concentus  in  agris." 

In  the  same  Anonymiana  (Century  v.  14),  is  to 
be  found  the  following  :  — 

"  Applications  of  passages  in  the  Classics,  when  they 
are  perfectly  accommodate,  always  give  pleasure :  they 
must  be  of  such  as  are  very  generally  and  commonly 
known.  ...  A  friend  of  mine  lives  in  an  old  castle 
covered  with  ivy,  to  which  he  applied,  and  certainly 
very  properly,  the  words  of  Virgil  concerning  old  Cha- 
ron— 

" '  Jam  senior,  sed  cruda  arci  viridisque  senectus.'  " 

The  verse  as  quoted,  though  doubtless  suffi- 
ciently "  accommodate  "  to  an  ancient  ivy-mantled 
chateau,  is  no  more  so  to  the  squalid  divinity 
named  than  it  is  in  accordance  with  the  text  of 
Virgil.     For  "  arci "  read  Deo.     yEn.  vi.  304. 

J.  B.  Shaw. 

Fox  is  represented  in  Recollections  by  Samnel 
Rogers  (Longman  &  Co.  1859,  p.  21),  as  stating 
that  ''neither  Homer  nor  Virgil  mention  the 
singing  of  birds." 

That  Virgil  never  expressly  mentions  it  as  one 
of  the  pleasures  of  a  country  life  may  be  true ; 
but  it  is  plain,  from  several  passages  in  the 
Georgics,  that  Fox  was  mistaken  in  his  opinion. 
I  would  particularly  refer  to  a  passage  in  the 
fourth  Georgic  (line  511)  :  — 

"  Qualis  populea  moerens  Philomela  sub  umbra 
Amissos  queritur  foetus,  quos  durus  arator 
Observans  nido  implumes  detraxit ;  at  ilia 
Flet  noctem,  ramoque  sedens  miserabile  carmen 
Integrat,  et  mcestis  late  loca  questibus  implet." 

P.  W.  Trepolpen. 

The  following  passages,  which  I  have  culled 
from  the  works  of  Virgil,  may  possibly  afford 
your  correspondent  the  information  he  is  seeking 
upon  this  subject :  — 

"  Hinc  tibi,  quag  semper  vicino  ab  limite  saepes 
Hyblaeis  apibus  florem  depasta  salicti, 
Sfepe  levi  somnum  suadebit  inire  susurro  : 
Hinc  alta  sub  rupe  canet  frondator  ad  auras ; 
Nee  tamen  interea  raucce,  tua  cura,  palumhes, 
Nee  gemere  aeria  cessabit  turtur  ab  ulnio.'' 

Ecloga  i.  64-59. 
"  Hiiic  ille  avium  concentus  in  agris, 
Et  loetre  pecudes,  et  ovantes  gutture  corvi." 

Georgica  i.  422-3. 

"  Avia  turn  resonant  avibus  virgulta  canoris." 

Georgica  ii.  328. 

"  At  volucres  patulis  residentes  dulcia  ramis 
Carmina  per  varies  edunt  resonantia  cantus." 

Culex,  144-5. 

Jonathan  Bouchier. 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'dS.XI.  May_18,'67. 


Pbofessors'  Lectttres  (3'*  S.  ii.  46.)  — I  have 
looked  over  several  articles  in  the  QuaHerhj  Re- 
vieio  which  seemed  likely  to  contain  the  passage, 
hut  have  not  found  it.  That  from  the  novelist 
is:  — 

"  Wer  lehren  will,  sucht  von  alien  Dingen  ein  System  zii 
machen.  Daher  sind  in  Deutschland  so  viele  Systeme, 
und  in  jedem  System  muss  alles  ausgeniacht  richtig  sej'n; 
den  wie  wenig  Ansehen  wurde  ein  Doktor  haben,  der  nicht 
alles  unwidersprechlich  lehrte !  Sogar  wenn  Eincr  ein 
Kompendium  eines  Systems  schreibt,  meint  er  ein  Bucli 
geschrieben  zu  haben,  und  es  ist  doch  nur  ein  Kiichen- 
zettel  fur  die  Studenten  die  in  seine  philosophische  Gar- 
kiiche  gehen.  Kommt  der  Garkiiche  ausser  Ruf,  so  wird 
der  Kuchenzettel  untern  Tisch  geworfen."  —  Nicolai, 
Lehen  und  Meinungen  Scmpronius  Gundiberfs.  Berlin, 
1798,  p.  101. 

The  above  may  be  too  late  for  the  inquirer's 
purpose,  and  is  not  in  itself  of  much  import- 
ance ;  but  I  know  that  some  correspondents  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  think  that  an  answer  is  not  acceptable 
unless  promptly  given.  I  hold  that  a  reply  to  any 
query,  except  those  of  mere  temporary  interest, 
increases  the  value  of  the  entire  work,  and  the  in- 
sertion of  this  wiU  show  that  the  Editor  concurs. 

U.  U.  Club.  H.  B.  C. 


Mi^ttllKticauS. 
NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

The  Keys  of  St.  Peter ;  or.  The  House  of  Rechah  con- 
nected with  the  History  of  Symbolism  and  Idohitry.  By 
Ernest  de  Bunsen.     (Longman.) 

The  title  of  this  volume  will  hardly  furnish  a  clue  to  its 
multifarious  contents.  M.  de  Bunsen  devotes  422  octavo 
pages  to  the  construction  of  a  kind  of  romance  of  the 
Jewish  religion.  His  theory  is,  that,  intermingled  with 
the  genuine  Hebrew  race,  there  coexisted  from  the  first 
a  Kenite  race,  who  maintained  among  themselves  a 
tradition  of  patriarchal  faith,  antagonistic  to  the  sacri- 
ficial ceremonial  of  the  Mosaic  Law.  To  this  Kenite  race 
belong  nearly  all  the  worthies  of  the  Old  Testament ;  and 
to  them  is  owing  the  anticipation  of  Gospel  doctrine  which 
the  Old  Testament  contains.  Melchizedek  was  a  Kenite. 
.Job  was  a  Kenite.  Balaam  was  a  Kenite.  Eli,  Samuel, 
Elijahwereall  Kenites.  David  was  a  Kenite  King.  To 
the  Kenites  belong  all  the  Jehovistic  Psalms,  and  to  the 
Hebrews  the  Elohistic  ones.  The  Apocryphal  Books 
earrj'  on  the  tradition  of  Kenite  doctrine.  The  Pharisees 
were  Kenites;  the  Sadduces  were  Hebrews;  while  the 
Essenes  in  Palestine,  and  the  Therapeutee  in  Egypt,  by 
their  ascetic  life  and  pure  creed  distinguished  themselves 
as  Kenites  of  the  Kenites.  Both  the  Genealogies  concur 
in  the  Davidie,  t.  e.  the  Kenite  origin  of  Jesus.  All  the 
Apostles  but  Judas  Iscariot  were  probably  Kenites.  To 
St.  Peter  was  especially  committed  the  charge  of  preach- 
ing the  mystical  doctrine  at  Rome  and  founding  the 
Church  there.  There  at  the  last  we  may  hope  to  see  it 
revive.  "  Let  the  mystery  of  Babylon  fall ;  let  Rome 
speak."  Such  is  the  "fanciful  theory  which  runs  through 
M.  De  Bunsen's  book,  supported  by  an  accumulation  of 
ill-digested  biblical  and  rabbinical  "learning,  loose  argu- 
ment, and  unfounded  assertions. 

Astronomy  without  Mathematics.     By  Edmund  Beckett 
Denison,  LL.D.,  Q.C.,  &c.      Third  Edition,  much  en- 
larged. (Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge.) 
When  Mr.  Denison  tells  us  that  three  thousand  copies 
of  this  little  book  have  been  sold  within  a  year,  he  tells 


us  how  great  must  have  been  the  want  of  a  book  which 
only  aimed  at  making  astronomy  as  easj'  as  it  can  be 
made,  if  difficulties  and  the  reasons  of  things  are  really 
to  be  explained,  and  not  evaded  in  vague  language  which 
leaves  people  as  ignorant  as  before ;  and  it  shows  more- 
over how  successfully  Mr.  Denison  has  supplied  that 
want.  Finding,  too,  that  the  work  had  found  favour 
with  people  of  more  education  than  he  originally  con- 
templated, the  author  has  in  the  present  edition  enlarged 
it  considerably,  gone  rather  deeper  into  the  subject,  and 
added  son\e  explanations  which  he  did  not  venture  on 
before.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  these  improve- 
ments will  increase  still  more  the  estimation  which  the 
book  has  already  attained. 

Routledge's   Illustrated  Natural  History  of  Man,   in   all 
Countries  of  the  World.  By  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Wood,  M.A., 
F.L.S.      the  Illustrations  by  Wolf,   Zwecker,    Keyl, 
Houghton,  &c.    Engraved  by  the  Brothers  Dalziel.    To 
be  completed  in  Thirty-two  Monthly  Parts.  (Routledge.) 
It  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  if  the  success  which  has 
attended  Mr.   Wood's   Illustrated  Natural  History,    in 
which  he  has  contrived  to  combine  scientific  information 
with  popular  treatment,  should  have  led  him  to  consider 
the  propriety  of  publishing  a  supplemental  or  companion 
work  dedicated  to  a  History  of  the  Human  Race  in  all  its 
varieties.     The  subject  is  one   calculated  to   interest  a 
large  body  of  readers  on  many  very  different  grounds  ; 
and  judging  from  the  number  before  us,  we  think  that 
large  bodj'  will  soon  be  attracted  to  the  book  by  the 
varied  and  popular  character  of  Mr.  Wood's   treatment 
of  his  subject,  and  the  interesting  and  instructive  charac- 
ter of  the  engravings  by  which  the  text  is  illustrated. 

The  Societv  of  Antiquaries. — We  are  glad  to  call 
the  attention  of  the  Fellows  to  another  advance  in  the 
management  of  this  venerable  body.  In  The  Times  of 
Tuesday,  May  14,  there  appeared  a  short  advertisement 
of  the  papers"to  be  read  at  the  next  Ordinary  Meeting  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries.  We  understand  that  it  is  in- 
tended to  continue  this  advertisement  on  successive  Tues- 
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Ji  lltMum  at  ^wtnmwmwmtm 

FOR 

LITEEAKY    MEN,    GENERAL    EEADERS,    ETC, 


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No.  282. 


Saturday,  Mat  25,  1867. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


413 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MAT  25,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— No  282. 


NOTES  :  —  Shakspeaviana :  "  Out  of  God's  blessing  into  the 
warm  Sun,"  413  — The  Termination  "  Royd,"  414  — Hymn- 
ology,  Jb.  —  The  Portraits  of  James  Thomson  —  Titus 
Gates  at  Hastings  — A  Parallel—  Napoleon  the  First  — 
The  Jackdaw  —  Dr.  Busby  —  Sylvanus  Urban,  415. 

QUERIES  :  —  Beards  Taxed  —  Bentley's  Ale  —  Britain's 
Burse  —  Caress  —  Thomas  Cooper  —  Richard  Dean,  the 
Regicide  —  Epigram  —  Gavel  —  Megilp :  McGuelp  —  Name 
of  Painter  wanted  —  John  Paslew  —  The  Pharaoh  of  the 
Exode  —  Portraits  of  the  Rawlinsons  and  of  Dr.  Salmon  — 
St.  Michael  and  Haberdashery  —  Country  Registries  of 
Wills,  416. 

QuEKiES  WITH  Answeks  :  —  Turbcrvile's  "  Tragical  Tales  " 
—  Ballad  Literature  —  Parody  on  "  Hohenlinden  "  —  "  Bo- 
tanicum  Londinense"  — Miles  Smyth's  "  Psalms"  —"Ox- 
onium,"  &c.  —  "John  Gilpin"—  Jorum  —  Charles  II.— 
Pair  of  Colours,  418. 

REPLIES :  —  Harry  Rowe,  421  —  Pews,  76.  —  Matthew 
Prior,  423  —  Two-faced  Pictures,  lb.—  "  The  Noble  Morin- 
ger"— "The  Dead  Men  of  Pesth"— The  Maclaurins— Lan- 
arkshire Families  —  ;Regimental  Court  Martial  —  Male 
and  Female  Births  —  Schiptone  —  Bath  Cathedral,  Roche- 
foucault  Family—  Bumblepuppy  —  Spelman's  Neep— Bat- 
tle of  Ivry  —  Esquires  —  "Jesu,  dulcis  memoria"  — 
Olympia  Morata  — Mousquetaires  — Baskerville  House  — 
Alscott,  the  Seat  of  Mrs.  West  —  Archbishop  Morton  — 
Bishop  Hay  — Poem  by  Maurice  O'Connell  — Reading  in 
Shelley's  "Cloud"  —  Vondel  —  Domus  Conversorum  — 
Swan  Marks  — Polymanteia- Roberts  Family —  " When 
Adam  delved,"  &c.  —  Tombstones  and  their  Inscriptions- 
John  Search  — Men's  Heads  covered  in  Church  — An  old 
Engraving  :  Heraldry,  &c.,  424. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


SHAKSPEARIANA : 
"  OUT  OF  GOD'S  BLESSING  INTO  THE  WARM 

SUN." 
"  Kent.  Good   king  that   must  approve  the    common 
saw, 
Thou  out  of  heavens  benediction  comest 
To  the  warm  sun." — King  Lear,  Sc.  11.  Act  2. 

"  Beatrice.  Good  Lord  for  alliance !  Thus  goes  every- 
one to  the  world  but  I,  and  I  am  sun-burnt ;  I  may  sit 
in  a  corner  and  cry  heigh-ho  for  a  husband." 

Much  Ado,  Act  II.  Sc.  1. 

The  Rev.  .Tosepli  Hunter  in  his  New  Illustra- 
tions of  Shakes2Jeare  (vol.  i.  p.  248)  rightly  inter- 
preted the  phrase,  "  to  the  world,"  as  meaning  to 
marriage ;  and  "  sun-burnt "  as  equivalent  to  re- 
maining a  virgin.  He  very  acutely  also  explained 
the  latter  as  a  common  and  well-understood  say- 
ing, founded  on  a  verse  of  Psalm  cxxi.  then  read 
in  "the  churching  of  women."  The  profanely 
lewd  witticism — if  a  coarsepess  only  fitted  to  the 
coarseness  of  that  age  may  be  so  called — is  obvious 
enough,  though  Mr.  Hunter,  to  his  credit,  missed 
it ;  and  I  remember  reading  an  old  story  regard- 
ing protection  from  the  sun,  which  was  in  all  pro- 
bability one  of  the  varied  offspring  of  this  parent 
phrase. 

But  Mr.  Hunter  was,  I  conceive,  quite  wrong 
when  he  attempted  to  connect  "  sun-burnt"  with 
the  proverb  which  heads  this  note,  and  which  has 
been    rightly  but  vaguely  explained    to    mean 


"from  better  to  worse."  The  two  clauses  of 
"Out  of  God's  blessing"  and  "into  the  warm 
sun  "  have  an  antithetical  look ;  and,  like  the 
clauses  of  many  other  proverbs,  will,  I  think,  be 
found  to  be  so.  But  I  would  first  call  attention 
to  Kent's  witty  application  of  it  to  Lear's  position, 
because  it  seems  to  fix  the  sense  in  which  Shake- 
speare understood  the  second  clause.  "  Thou 
good  king,"  says  he,  "  pro  vest  the  common  saying, 
for  having  had  God's  blessing  and  anointing  as  a 
crowned  king,  thou  hast  voluntarily  [like  Esau] 
given  away  thy  right,  and  hast  now  gone  to  the 
ivorld" ;  that  is,  to  what  we  of  northern  life  would 
call  the  cold  world,  but  which  those  of  hotter 
climates  imaged  by  "  the  parched  desert  and  arid 
wilderness  of  this  world."  * 

In  sunnier  climes,  the  unshrouded  and  more  ver- 
tical heat  of  the  sun  is  so  common  and  constant 
that  it  is  not  reckoned  among  seasonal  blessings,  and 
its  overabundance  is  a  true  curse.  The  blessings 
ardently  looked  and  prayed  for,  and  ascribed  to 
God's  special  providence,  are  clouds  and  the  fruit- 
ful rain  ;  and  the  withholding  of  them,  and  the 
pouring  down  of  the  fierce  rays  of  the  sun  is  God's 
curse  on  the  land.  See,  for  instance,  Levit.  xxvi. 
4;  Deut.  xi.  14  and  17,  and  xxviii.  12  and  24  f 
and  similar  thoughts  run  through  Job,  the  Psalms 
(cxlvii.),  the  histories,  and  the  prophets.  From 
these  passages  those  who  have  not  been  in  such 
climates  can  learn  in  what  kind  of  contrast  rain 
and  the  parching  heats  would  be  held,  and  how 
they  would  be  used  in  imagery ;  but  only  those 
who  have  lived  there  can  fully  understand  why 
the  rain-makers  of  Africa  are  so  esteemed,  and 
why  rain  in  the  warmer  zones  is  indeed  "  the  rain 
from  heaven."  The  old  superstition  which  says 
that  blessed  is  the  corpse  on  which  the  rain  falls, 
has,  I  believe,  a  similar  origin.  Both  it  and  the 
proverb  are  probably  the  imported  produce  of 
other  climes ;  and  the  latter,  taking  its  imagery 
from  natural  phenomena,  but  wording  one-half, 
that  is  the  first  half,  according  to  the  inner  and 
fuller  meaning,  is  simply  "  Out  of  the  rain  into 
the  sun-blight,"  or  otherwise,  "  Out  of  God's 
blessing,  and  the  green  pastures  of  content  in 
which  in  His  providence  you  were  placed,  into 
the  dry  unfruitful  wilderness  of  the  outer  world." 

*  Perhaps,  too,  those  well  acquainted  with  Shake- 
speare's peculiarities,  may  trace  a  remembrance  of  this 
phrase  in  the  form  of  words  put  into  the  mouth  of  the 
retired  Dowager  Countess  of  Koussillon,  when  she  says  to 
Helen,  Go  and  I  will  give  you  recommendations 
"  To  those  of  mine  in  court ;  I'll  stay  at  home 
And  pray  God's  blessing  into  your  attempt." 

In  another  part  of  Hamlet  also  we  have  — 
"  Ham.  Let  her  not  Avalk  i'  the  sun  :  conception  is  a 
blessing,"  &c. 

Here  there  seems  to  be  some  remembrance  of  the  pro- 
verb, quoad  the  form  of  words  used,  and  "  walk  i'  the 
sun  "  has  the  same  sense  of  going  or  gadding  abroad. 


414 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S-  XI.  May  25,  '67. 


If  this  be  so,  we  find  in  Hamlet's  answer  to  the 
King  that  aptness  of  reply  and  pregnancy  of 
meaning  which  Polonius  afterwards  notices. 

"King.  How  is  it  that  the  clouds  still  hang  on  you  ? 
Ham,  Not  so,  my  lord ;  I  am  too  much  i'  the  sun." 

Probably  bowing  as  he  says  it,  he  tm-ns  off  the 
query  with  an  apparently  courtly  compliment — 
Nay,  my  lord,  I  am  too  much  in  the  sunshine  of 
your  favour,  where  I  show  but  as  a  shadow  (too 
much  am  I  in  that  sunshine  which  I  detest)  :  de- 
posed by  you  from  my  position  as  heir  and  suc- 
cessor to  the  throne  in  which  by  God's  providence 
I  was  placed,  I  am  now  gone  to  the  world ;  in- 
stead of  being  in  clouds  and  rain,  amid  sorrow 
and  tears  for  my  dead  father  and  king,  I  find 
myself  in  the  midst  of  marriage  festivities^  and 
carousings. 

These  views,  if  a  bad  memory  serve  me,  are 
not  discountenanced  by  other  passages ;  but  having 
no  references  or  means  of  reference,  I  would  be 
much  obliged  to  any  one  who  would  give  me 
examples  of  the  use  of  this  proverb  with  a  full 
context.  B.  NiCHOLSoisr. 

West  Australia. 


THE  TERMINATION  '•  ROYD." 

The  south-west  corner  of  Yorkshire,  adjoining 
the  Lancashire  border,  and  extending  northward 
at  least  as  far  as  Bradford,  is  full  of  local  names 
terminating  in  "  royd  "  (such  as  "  Mytholmroyd," 
"  Holroyd,"  "  Acroyd,"  &c.)  ;  and  the  word  (as 
in  "  Royd  Hall,"  "  Royd  Wood,"}  not  unfre- 
quently  occurs  alone.  It  is  found  in  no  other  part 
of  England ;  and  as  yet  no  explanation  has  been 
suggested  which  is  quite  satisfactory.  Among 
those  which  seem  most  so  are  — 

(1.)  "Royd"  may  possibly  indicate  an  en- 
closure from  the  open  moor  or  forest ;  or  perhaps 
a  portion  of  the  moor  left  unreclaimed  when  the 
land  about  it  was  enclosed.  In  this  sense  it 
would  resemble  the  word  foresta,  i.  e.  quod  forts 
est.  The  greater  part  of  the  district  in  which  the 
Toyds  occur  is  known  as  the  "Moor  Country," 
and  much  of  it  is  still  open  heath  or  moor.  But 
this  interpretation  is  as  yet  unsupported  by  the 
pointing  out  of  any  cognate  words  in  Danish  or  in 
old  Northern  English,  although  such  may  possibly 
exist,  and  the  explanation  is  quite  consistent  with 
facts  noticed  elsewhere.  It  is  uncertain  how  far 
this  part  of  Yorkshire  was  permanently  colonized 
by  Danes. 

(2.)  "Royd"  has  been  regarded  as  the  A.-S. 
rticl  (road),  converted  into  royd  by  the  peculiar 
pronunciation  of  the  West  Riding.  The  prefix  of 
local  names  of  which  it  forms  part  seems  to  sup- 
port this  notion,  as  stotii/  royd,  "  the  stony  road  ;  " 
hod  royd,  "  the  old  road  " ;  hoiv  royd,  "the  high 
or  hill  road,"  &c.  The  word  rdd  or  rod  is  used 
with  similar  adjuncts  in  A.-S.  charters. 


(3.)  It  has  been  suggested  that  rood,  a  measure 
of  land,  may  be  the  original  of  7-oyd,  changed, 
like  rdd  or  road,  by  West  Riding  pronunciation. 

As  far  as  explanation  No.  1.  is  concerned,  it  is 
much  to  be  wished  that  some  northern  root,  indi- 
cating a  similar  sense  to  that  suggested,  could  be 
pointed  out.  For  No.  2,  the  experience  of  a 
native,  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  district, 
might  do  much.  If  it  could  be  shown  that  in  all 
or  most  cases  the  ''royds"  indicate  the  lines  of 
ancient  roads  or  moor-paths,  the  question  might 
almost  be  looked  upon  as  settled. 

But  with  either  explanation,  it  is  not  a  little 
remarkable  that  the  word  should  be  found  in  this 
corner  of  England  alone.  There  would  seem  to 
be  no  reason  why  the  A.-S.  rdd  should  not  have 
become  "royd,"  at  least  in  other  parts  of  ancient 
Northumbria ;  nor,  if  "  royd  "  signifies  an  enclo- 
sure, why  it  should  not  be  found  either  in  those 
parts  of  Yorkshire  which  are  decidedly  of  Danish 
colonization,  or  in  those,  as  in  Craven  and  the 
hill  coimtry  stretching  northward,  where  the 
Anglians  seem  to  have  held  their  own.  Any 
light  which  can  be  thrown  on  the  matter  will  be 
very  welcome.  Richakd  John  King. 


HYMNOLOGY. 


In  reply  to  my  inquiries  as  to  the  authorship  of 
the  hymn,  "Ah,  lovely  appearance  of  death!" 
you  informed  me,  under  "  Notices  to  Correspon- 
dents," Dec.  24, 1864,  that  this  hymn  was  by  John 
Wesley;  and  although  in  the  collections  of 
hymns  by  Charles  and  John  Wesley,  I  did  not 
find  it  directly  ascribed  to  JbAw,  yet  I  did  not  find 
it  placed  to  Charles.  Being  impressed  with  the 
belief  that  this  hymn  was  by  John  Wesley,  I 
ventured  to  correct  my  friend  the  editor  of  the 
Massachusetts  Springfield  Republican,  who  in  his 
paper  ascribed  the  authorship  to  Charles  Wesley, 
and  in  reply  he  sent  to  me  the  enclosed  letter 
from  Mr.  Charles  Allen  on  the  subject  of  the 
authorship  of  this  hymn.  If  there  is  a  question 
as  to  which  of  the  brothers  wrote  the  hymn,  I 
think  you  will  find  Mr.  Allen's  letter  of  much 
interest  to  your  readers,  and  I  hope  that  some  of 
your  correspondents  may  be  able  to  give  positive 
evidence  as  to  the  authorship. 

G.  W.  Whistler. 

St.  Petersburg,  Russia,  April  30,  1867. 

"  Boston,  U.  S.,  Feb.  26, 1867. 
"  My  dear  Bowles.— Thanks  for  the  St.  Petersburg- 
letter  referring  to  Wesley,  and  saying  that  I  was  wrong 
in  attributing  to  Charles  Wesley  the  hymn  beginning 
'  Ah,  lovely  appearance  of  death ! '  Your  correspondent 
may  be  right  in  giving  this  to  John  instead  of  Charles- 
Wesley.  It  is  really  more  difficult  than  you  would  sup- 
pose to  ascertain  with  certainty  the  authorship.  I  have 
hunted  through  such  books  as  were  accessible  here,  with- 
out linding  anything  absolutely  conclusive  on  the  subject. 
Still,  in  the  absence  of  your  correspondent's  positive  as- 


S^d  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


415 


sertion  to  the  contrary,  the  evidence  seems  to  be  sufficient 
to  authorise  attributing^  it  to  Charles. 

"  1.  Charles  was  the  poet,  and  John  the  preacher. 
Charles  also  preached,  and  John  also  wrote  poetry  ;  but 
I  understand  that  those  learned  in  the  Methodist  hynino- 
logy  agree  generally  in  attributing  the  translations  from 
the  German  to  John,  and,  with  a  very  few  exceptions, 
the  original  hymns  to  Charles. 

"  2.  It  is  likewise  supposed  by  some  that  the  peculiar 
character  of  this  h3'mn,  which  is  highly  emotional  and 
almost  rhapsodical,  is  more  in  keeping  with  the  tempera- 
ment of  Charles  than  of  John ;  and  that  in  this  respect 
this  differs  from  any  hymn  known  to  have  been  written 
by  John. 

"  3.  This  hymn  first  appeared  in  a  little  pamphlet  of 
Funeral  Hymns,  containing  24  pages,  and  first  published 
{according  to  Sedgwick,  who  is  considered  as  the  best 
authority  in  these  matters,)  in  1 744,  without  the  author's 
name,  and  sold  for  one  penny,  and  which  aftei'wards  ran 
through  a  great  many  editions.  Other  hymns  in  this 
little  collection  have  always  been  attributed  to  Charles, 
as  for  instance  the  hymn,  still  found  in  some  of  our  hymn 
books,  beginning  '  Kejoice  for  a  brother  deceased.' 

"  4.  In  the  same  year  in  which  this  little  pamphlet  of 
Funeral  Hymns  appeared,  in  1744,  in  August,  in  referring 
to  the  death  of  some  Methodist  saint,  Charles  Wesley  in 
his  diary  uses  this  language : — '  We  were  all  in  tears. 
Mine,  I  fear,  flowed  from  envy,  and  impatience  of  life.  I 
felt  throughout  my  soul  that  I  would  rather  be  in  his 
condition  than  enjoy  the  whole  of  created  good.  The  spirit 
at  its  departure  had  left  marks  of  happiness  upon  the 
■clay.     JVo  sight  upon  earth,  in  my  eyes,  is  half  so  lovely,' 

"  There  is  a  striking  resemblance  not  only  in  the  senti- 
ment, but  in  the  words  of  the  hymn  :  — 
"  '  Ah,  lovely  appearance  of  death ! 

What  sight  upon  earth  is  so  fair  ? 
Not  all  the  gay  pageants  that  breathe 
Can  with  a  dead  body  compare. 
"  *  With  solemn  delight  I  survey 

The  corpse  when  the  spirit  is  fled  ; 
In  love  with  the  beautiful  clav. 
And  longing  to  lie  in  its  stead.' 

"  The  natural  presumption  would  be  exceedingly  strong 
that  the  prose  and  poetry  were  written  by  the  same  hand. 
There  are  further  resemblances ;  particularly  that  the  feel- 
ing of  envy  is  expressed  in  a  subsequent  part  of  the  hymn. 

"  5.  The  general  opinion  has  been  that  Charles  Wesley 
was  the  author.  Dana,  in  his  Household  Poetry,  attri- 
butes it  to  him.  Sibley,  the  careful  librarian  at  Cam- 
bridge, has  in  his  copy  of  the  Funeral  Hymns,  above 
referred  to,  attributed  them  to  him.  Eev.  Frederic  M. 
Bird,  in  the  Bihliotheca  Sacra,  Jan.  18G4,  in  an  elaborate 
article  on  C.  W.,  attributes  it  to  him. 

"  Thus  I  give  you  the  result  of  my  investigations  and 
inquiries.  Yet  I  am  too  well  aware  "of  the  meagreness  of 
our  libraries  to  dare  assert  positively  that  I  was  right, 
in  the  face  of  the  unqualified  statement  of  your  corre- 
spondent. But  if  he  has  proof  that  John  was  the  author, 
not  only  I,  but  gentlemen  whom  I  have  consulted,  will 
he  glad  to  have  it  also.    Yours  very  truly, 

"  Charles  Allen." 


The  Porteaits  of  James  Thomson-.  —  An 
anonymous  writer  in  the  Times  asserts  that  a  por- 
trait of  the  poet  Thomson,  now  on  loan  at  the 
South  Kensington  Museum,  has  been  mis-ascribed  ; 
and  he  taxes  its  noble  owner  with  a  libel  on  the 
amateur-artist  Aikman.    I  have  neither  seen  the 


portrait  nor  the  catalogue  of  the  collection,  but 
shall  repeat  what  I  said  on  the  subject  in  1842 : — 

(23)  William  Aikman,  esq. — He  was  born  in  Scotland 
in  1682  ;  became  a  pupil  of  Medina ;  and  afterwards 
visited  Ital3^  He  painted  portraits  of  the  duke  of  Argyle, 
the  countess  of  Burlington,  lady  Grisell  Baillie,  and  other 
patrons  of  Thomson.  His  own  portrait  is  preserved  at 
Florence.     He  died  in  1731. 

(82)  The  portrait  of  Thomson  by  Aikman,  now  at 
Hagley,  confirms  this  opinion  [i.  e.  in  his  j'outh  he  had 
been  thought  handsome].  It  has  been  engraved.  Another 
portrait,  painted  by  J.  Paton  in  1746,  has  been  engraved 
by  S.  F.  Ravenet.  I  have  an  impression  with  this  in- 
edited  note:  "  Mr,  Robertson  of  Richmond  Green,  who 
was  acquainted  with  Thomson  for  more  than  twenty 
j'ears,  and  attended  him  in  his  last  moments,  assured  me 
that  this  portrait  was  a  vejy  strong  likeness. — T.  Park, 
1791." 

When  Mr.  Andrew  Millar  published  the  quarto 
edition  of  the  works  of  Thomson — "  his  favourite 
author  and  much-loved  friend  " — he  gave  with  it 
engravings  of  the  two  portraits  above  described. 
This  was  in  1762,  and  four  years  afterwards  pro- 
fessor Martyn  visited  Hagley  Park,  and  saw  the 
portrait  by  Aikman  in  the  library.  Pope  and 
West  were  its  companions. 

Both  the  portraits  of  Thomson  must  always  be 
interesting  objects;  but  I  venture  to  express  a 
whimsical  notion :  the  portrait  by  Aikman  is  that 
of  a  young  man  who  aftenvards  wrote  much  verse  ; 
that  by  Paton  is  the  portrait  of  the  author  of  The 
Seasons.  Bolton  Coeney, 

TiTTJS  Gates  at  Hastings. — It  has  been  known 
that  this  notorious  person  was  baptised  at  All 
Saints,  Hastings,  and  in  January  1673-4  officiated 
as  minister  for  his  father,  Samuel,  who  was  rector 
(1660-1683),  By  a  document  lent  to  me  by  Mr. 
Thos.  Ross,  we  find  that  the  son  was  living  at 
Hastings,  and  in  trouble,  in  1676.  In  Trinity 
term,  28  Charles  II,  (May  31,  1676),  an  action  on 
the  case  was  pending  between  Wm,  Parker,  jun,, 
gentleman,  plaintifi",  and  Gates,  defendant,  which 
was  begun  at  Hastings,  and  thence  adjourned  to 
Dover  and  Feversham.  Titus  was  in  prison  at 
Hastings  at  the  suit  of  Parker,  when  on  Sept.  16, 
1676,  the  mayor  and  jurats  of  Hastings  were  com- 
manded by  the  writ  of  John  Strode,  Esq.,  the 
king's  lieutenant  of  Dover  Castle,  to  have  the  body 
of  Gates,  together  with  the  cause  of  imprisonment, 
before  the  barons  of  the  king's  exchequer,  as  a 
debtor  to  the  king,  within  the  first  seven  days  of 
Michaelmas  term.  In  pursuance  of  this  writ  the 
mayor  (Wm,  Parker,  sen.)  and  the  jurats  certi- 
fied, on  Sept.  30,  that  Gates  had  been  in  their 
custody,  and  that  the  cause  was  the  action  at 
Parker's  suit,  but  had  been  removed  to  Dover 
Castle,  then  the  principal  prison  of  the  Cinque 
Ports.  Wm,  Dueeant  Coopee. 

A  Paeallel.  —  In  looking  over  Pope's  poems 
this  evening,  I  was  struck  with  the  following 
lines  in  his  Prologue  to  Addison's  Caio,  which, 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Mat  25,  '67. 


though  written  upwards  of  a  century  and  a  half 
ago,  are  as  applicable  to  the  reign  of  Queen 
Victoria  as  to  that  of  Queen  Anne :  — 

"  Britons,  attend  :  be  -wortli  like  this  approved, 
And  show,  j-ou  have  the  virtue  to  be  moved. 
With  honest  scorn  the  first  famed  Cato  viewed 
Rome  learning  arts  from  Greece,  whom  she  subdued ; 
Your  scene  precariouslj'  subsists  too  long 
On  French  translation  and  Italian  song. 
Dare  to  have  sense  yourselves  ;  assert  the  stage  ; 
Be  justly  icarined  with  your  own  native  rage." 

We  are  apt  to  flatter  ourselves  that  we  are  a 
good  deal  wiser  than  our  forefathers  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century;  hut  if  Pope  were  living  now, 
might  he  not  with  justice  have  administered  the 
ahove  rebuke  to  us  of  the  nineteenth  ? 

Jonathan  BorcHiEK. 

Napoieon  the  First.  — The  folio vdng  extract 
from  a  letter,  written  by  the  Rev.  John  Hodgson, 
the  historian  of  Northumberland,  to  his  wife,  will 
interest  some  of  your  readers :  — 

"  11,  Upper  King  Street,  Bloomsburv, 
Maj-  3rd,  1819. 
"  .  .  .  .  Thence  I  proceeded  toward  Chesterfield 
House,  in  my  way  stopping  to  see  a  show  of  French 
prints  and  caricatures  in  Leicester  Square.  They  are 
quite  out  of  the  English  style,  and  to  me  more  gaudy 
than  beautiful.  Many  of  them,  however,  are  A^ery  playful 
efforts  of  fancy — such  as  '  Love  pictured  in  a  Rose.' "  Of 
Buonaparte  there  are  several,  evidently  designed  by  his 
friends.  On  one  I  noticed  he  is  styled  Kapoleon  the  First, 
as  if  they  still  expected  his  son  would  make  a  Second." — 
A  Memoir  of  Rev.  Jn.  Hodqsoii,  F.S.A.N.,  bv  Rev.  James 
Kaine,  F.S.A.X.,  vol.  i.  p.  225-6. 

Grike. 

The  Jackdaw.— When  at  Ragland  Castle,  the 
warden  of  the  castle  pointed  out  to  me  a  lot  of 
little  sticks  lying  about  in  places  within  the  ruins. 
He  informed  me  that  thej^  were  dropped  by  the 
jackdaws  who  were  building  their  nests  in  the 
old  walls,  and  said  that  he  had  remarked  it  as  a 
rather  curious  circumstance  that  no  jackdaw  ever 
picked  up  a  stick  it  had  let  fall,  but  flew  off  at 
once,  sometimes  to  a  great  distance,  to  fetch  a 
new  one.  H.  I.  J.  M. 

Dr.  BrsBT.  —  I  have  frequently  observed  that 
in  Dedications  are  sometimes  to  be  found  little 
scraps  of  information  of  considerable  interest  to 
persons  who  are  fond  of  biography.  Wetenhall 
dedicates  one  portion  of  his  very  interesting  work 
entitled  Gifts  and  Offices  in  the  Puhlic  Worshij)  of 
God  (Dublin,  1679),  to  Dr.  Busby,  from  whom 
he  had  received  "  not  only  excellent  rudiments  of 
literature,  but  the  first  rational  impressions  of 
religion." 

"  1  rather,"  he  goes  on  to  say,  "  prefix  this  recognition 
to  the  ensuing  discourse,  than  to  either  of  the  other  in 
its  company,  because,  Sir,  it  was  truly  the  sense  I  had  of 
your  piety" which  first  operated  towards  the  reconciling 
me  to  Church  music.  I  came  to  you  with  prejudices 
(very  unreasonable,  as  such  prejudices  commonly  are) 
against  it.    The  first  organ  I  ever  saw  or  heard  was  in 


your  house,  which  was  in  those  days  a  more  regular 
church  than  most  we  had  publich-.  I  then  thus  judged 
that  if  a  man  of  such  real  devotion  as  I  knew  you  to  be 
of,  would  keep  an  organ  for  sacred  use,  even  when  it  was 
interdicted  and  of  dangerous  consequence,  there  was  cer- 
tainly more  of  reason  for  it,  and  serviceableness  in  it, 
than  I  apprehended." 

E.  H.  A. 

SxxvAxus  Urba^^.  —  In  the  summer  of  1825, 1 
had  apartments  in  the  Rue  Yerte,  Brussells.  My 
locataire  was  a  Monsieur  Urbain  ;  and  his  not  very 
youthful  daughter  took  much  pride  in  telling  me 
of  their  lineal  descent  from  an  Englishman  of  that 
name — a  distinguished  writer,  she  said,  ia  prose 
and  in  verse.  Seeing  me  somewhat  at  a  loss  to 
identify  this  ancestor  of  her's,  she  further  in- 
formed me  that  his  prsenomen  was  Sylvain.  I  of 
course  recognised  our  old  acquaintance  of  St. 
John's  Gate,  and  delighted  Mademoiselle  with 
the  assurance  that  her  great-grandfather's  names, 
as  well  as  his  talents,  had  been  transmitted 
through  his  descendants  even  to  that  day. 

E.  L.  S. 


Beards  Taxed.  —  I  find  the  following  entry  in 
the  burghmote  books  of  the  city  of  Canter- 
bury :  — 

"  2  Ed.  VI.  The  Sherifi"  and  another  person  pay  their 
fines  for  wearing  their  beards — viz.  3/4  &  1/8." 

One  would  look  with  greater  interest  on  the 
flowing  beards  depicted  in  the  portraits  of  that 
period  on  knowing  that  they  were  paid  for,  and  it 
would  be  interesting  to  know  how  they  were  as- 
sessed, as  the  rate  is  not  the  same  in  all  cases. 

QuERCUBrs. 

Bentlet's  Axe.  —  In  Barclay's  Egloges  occurs 
this  passage  describing  the  then  diversions,  &c.  of 
the  country  — 

"  Yet  would  I  gladly  hear  some  mery  fit 
Of  ]\Iayde-Marian,  or  els  of  Robin  Hood  ; 
Of  Sentley's  ale,  which  chafeth  well  the  blood, 
Of  Perte  of  Norwich,  or  sause  of  Wilberton, 
Of  buckish  Toby,  well-stufi''d  as  a  tun."  * 

Is  it  possible  to  ascertain  who  the  brewer  Bent- 
ley  would  be  whose  ale  is  so  highly  commended  ? 

Britain's  Bttrse,  a  sort  of  West-end  rival  to 
the  Royal  Exchange,  was  erected  in  1608  by  the 
Earl  of  Salisbury,  on  the  north  side  of  Durham 
House,  in  the  Strand  :  — 

"  1609,  April  12.— The  Earl  of  Salisburj-,  Lord  High 
Treasurer  of  England,  had  the  King,  Queen,  Prince, 
Duke,  and  Lady  Elizabeth  in  his  new  stone  building  in 
the  Strand,  which  the  King  then  named  the  British 
Burse,  where  he   [e.  e.  the  Lord  Treasurer]  gave  and 


f  *  Barclay  also  mentions  Bentley's  ale,  which  "  niaketh 
me  to  winkel"  in  Egloge  ii.— Ed.] 


3rd  s.  XI.  May  25,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


417 


sent  400  rings,  and  myself  had  one  with  that  poesy." — 
Autohiographij  of  Sir  Julius  Ccesar. 

The  "  poesy,"  it  would  seem,  was  merely  tlie 
■words  Britahi's  Burse.  Is  any  one  of  the  four 
hundred  rin^  now  preserved  ?  J.  G.  N. 


Caress. — Johnson  derives  the  word  "  caress  " 
from  ccsrus.  "We  get  the  word  from  the  French 
caresser.  I  have  heard  it  stated  that  "  caresser  " 
comes  from  /caTapefco  —  according  to  Liddell  & 
Scott,  to  pat  with  the  hand,  fondle,  &c.,  as  in 
Homer,  Iliad,  i.  361 ;  and  that  it  is  one  of  the 
words  more  immediately  derived  from  the  Greek 
language,  through  the  ancient  colony  that  settled 
at  Massillia.  It  would  be  a  curious  inquiry  what 
French  words  come  through  that  source. 

Thomas  E.  WnfifrN^GioK. 

Thomas  Cooper. — 1.  Does  there  now  exist  a 
representative  of  Thomas  Cooper,  one  of  Crom- 
well's House  of  Lords  ?  and  who  is  the  present 
owner  of  the  manor  of  South  Weston,  Oxford- 
shire, formerly  in  the  possession  of  the  above 
Thomas  Cooper  ? 

2.  Is  there  any  fuller  account  of  the  members 
of  Cromwell's  House  of  Lords  than  that  given  by 
Noble  in  his  Memoirs  of  the  House  of  Ci-om- 
well  ? 

3.  By  an  Act  of  Parliament,  July  25,  1659, 
"For  Settling  the  Militia  in  England  and  Wales," 
Colonel  Thomas  Cooper  was  appointed  one  of  the 
commissioners  for  the  counties  of  Montgomery, 
Denbigh,  Flint,  Carnarvon,  Merioneth,  and  An- 
glesey. Is  there  a  family  of  Cooper  known  to 
have  had  property  in  any  of  the  counties  named, 
or  was  Colonel  Cooper  a  stranger  to  the  district  ? 

E.  H.  C. 

Eichard  Dean,  the  Regicide.— Can  any  cor- 
respondent give  me  reliable  information  respecting 
the  birth-place  and  early  life  of  Richard  Dean,  the 
admiral  and  general  wlio  was  killed  in  action  with 
the  Dutch  fleet?  Heath  says  he  was  a  native  of 
Ipswich,  and  of  low  origin.  I  should  like  to 
know  what  was  Heath's  authority  for  the  asser- 
tion. A  writer  in  the  Yorkshire  Post,  a  news- 
paper published  in  Leeds,  asserts,  on  the  authority 
of  some  MSS.  in  the  Leeds  library,  that  Dean  was 
the  son  or  grandson  of  an  opulent  dyer  in  Leeds ; 
and  that  his  portrait,  in  the  uniform  of  an  admiral, 
was  in  the  possession  of  the  family  of  Baynes,  of 
Knowsthorp.  One  member  of  this  family,  Adam 
Baynes,  was  called  to  Parliament  as  the  repre- 
sentative of  Leeds  by  Cromwell.  It  is  said  that  a 
strong  friendship  existed  between  the  two  families, 
who  were  bound  more  closely  together  by  their 
common  hatred  of  royalty  and  episcopacy.  I  offer 
my  thanks  to  any  one  who  will  assist  me  to  dis- 
cover the  true  history  of  this  remarkable  man. 

A.  E.  W. 


Epigram. — Who  is  the  author  of  the  following 
neat  epigram  ? 

"  Milton,  in  fretful  -wedlock  tost, 
Found  that  his  Paradise  was  Lost ; 
But  once  more  free  and  unrestrained, 
He  found  his  Paradise  Regained." 

Jonathan  Bofchiek. 
Gavel.  —  Having  lately  heard  this  word  used, 
instead  of  the  general  one  of  mallet,  in  reference 
to  masonry,  I  shall  feel  obliged  if  any  correspon- 
dent of  "  N.  &  Q."  will  kindly  inform  me  whether 
or  not  it  is  a  local  term,  and  what  are  the  grounds 
for  using  it.  J.  D. 

Megilp  :  McGtjelp. — Who  can  decide  on  the 
orthography  and  etymology  of  the  name  of  that 
soft  jelly-like  medium  used  for  oil-painting,  which 
is  spelt  in  all  sorts  of  ways,  from  "  Megilp  "  to 
"  McGuelp  "  ?  Harfra. 

Name  of  Painter  wanted.— Can  any  of  your 
readers  help  me  to  the  name  of  the  painter  of  a 
print  I  have?  The  subject  is  "Joseph  before 
Pharaoh."  The  figures  are  in  scarcely  Eastern, 
certainly  not  in  Egyptian  dress.  Pharaoh's  throne 
is  raised  on  four  steps  and  covered  with  a  carpet 
fringed  round  the  bottom.  He  is  seated  crowned, 
and  leans  forward,  his  head  resting  on  his  right 
hand ;  the  left  clasps  the  end  of  the  arm  of  the 
throne.  On  his  left,  in  the  foreground,  stands  a 
man  leaning  on  a  crutch-lieaded.  stick.  Some- 
what behind  his  right  sit  two  men,  one  listening 
to,  the  other  looking  at  Joseph,  who  stands  im- 
mediately before  Pharaoh.  He  is  short,  youthful, 
and  bareheaded,  with  long  hair  hanging  to  his 
shoulders;  his  arms  are  stretched  forward,  the 
forefinger  of  the  right  hand  touching  the  thumb 
of  the  left.  Behind  him  are  two  figures;  the 
foremost  has  bare  shoulders,  arms,  and  knees,  and 
holds  the  cord  with  which  Joseph  is  apparently, 
but  not  visibly,  bound.  The  room  is  open  more 
than  halfway  down  the  back  of  the  left  side  of 
the  picture,  and  shows  a  pillar  belonging  to  the 
outside  of  the  palace,  and  hills  in  the  distance. 

I  am  particularly  anxious  to  know  who  painted 
this  group,  as  a  friend  has  lately  purchased  some 
very  fine  chalk  drawings,  evidently  by  a  master 
hand ;  one  of  them  is  this  picture,  and  he  fancies 
they  may  be  sketches  from  which  paintings  have 
been  made.  L.  C.  R. 

John  Paslew. — Where  can  I  find  any  informa- 
tion about  the  last  Abbot  of  Whalley,  John  Pas- 
lew,  besides  what  is  given  in  Whitaker's  History 
of  illialley  ?  John  Paslew  was  executed  for  his 
share  in  the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace.  Dk. 

The  Pharaoh  of  the  Exode.  —  Some  notes 
and  queries  on  this  and  kindred  subjects  are  to 
be  found  in  the  later  numbers  of  the  Christian 
A7inotator,  1857 ;  but  the  death  of  the  editor  of 
that  interesting  periodical  put  an  end  to  the 


418 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67. 


work  itself  and  the   expectant  replies  to   some 
queries. 

1.  In  one  of  the  articles  which  appeared  in 
No.  92,  Jan.  31, 1857,  the  Rev.  F.  Fysh  stated  :— 

"  Our  existing  Egyptian  chronologies  being  all  utterlj' 
erroneous,  I  have  some  thoughts  of  setting  before  your 
readers  the  correct  chronology  of  the  Kings  of  Egypt, 
from  the  time  of  Amenemes  l"  to  the  death  of  the  great 
Sesostris." 

As  the  "correct  chronology"  did  not  appear  in 
the  subsequent  numbers  of  the  Annotator,  I  wish 
to  know  if  it  appeared  in  any  other  publication  ? 

2.  In  ]So.  96  of  the  same  work  Mr.  Fysh  states, 
"  that  the  Pharaoh  who  perished  in  the  Red  Sea 
was  Thothmes  IV."  Upon  what  authority  ?  The 
name  does  not  appear  in  the  list  of  the  Diospoli- 
tian  dynasty  given  by  Africanus  or  Eusebius. 

3.  In  No.  96  Mr.  Fysh  says,  "  the  true  date  of 
the  exodus  is  B.C.  1620,  a.m.  2516 ;  "  but  in  an- 
other article,  in  the  same  paper,  he  states  "b.c. 
1620,  A.M.  2506,"  as  the  true  date.  This  perhaps 
is  a  misprint ;  if  not,  how  are  we  to  account  for 
the  discrepancy  of  ten  years  ?       Geokge  Llotd. 

Darlington. 

POKTPvAITS  OF  THE  RawLIXSOXS,  AJTD  OF  Dr. 
SALMOif. — It  is  stated  in  Chalmers's  Biographical 
Dictionary,  in  the  memoir  of  Thomas  Rawlinson, 
the  great  book-collector  (Addison's  Tom  Folio 
of  The  Taller,  No.  168),  that  his  brother,  Dr. 
Richard  RawKnson,  F.R.S.  and  F.S.A.,  "  left  a 
portrait  of  his  brother  Thomas  in  crayons,  another 
of  himself,  and  another  of  Thomas  Salmon,  LL.D., 
the  antiquary,  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, — all 
afterwards  revoked."  Crayon  portraits  are  pecu- 
liarly liable  to  destruction ;  but  it  would  be  in- 
teresting to  know  whether  these  three  have  been 
preserved  to  the  present  day.  It  is  afterwards 
stated,  in  the  memoir  of  Dr.  Rawlinson,  that  he 
left  aU  family-pictures  to  his  brother  Constantine 
(then  residing  in  Venice,  where  he  died  in  1779), 
except  that  of  his  father.  Alderman  Sir  Thomas 
Rawlinson,  by  KneUer,  which  was  left  to  the 
Vintners'  Company.  Another  of  his  father  was 
abeady  at  Bridewell  Hospital.  J.  G.  N. 

St.  Michael  aj^d  Haberdashery.  —  In  the 
concluding  litany  of  the  "  Romans  of  Partenay  " 
(Early  English  Text  Society,  1866),  St.  INOchael 
is  invoked  among  many  other  saints  in  aid  of  the 
Partenay  race.  The  invocation  to  him  runs  thus — 
"  Saynt  Mychaell,  Angell,  and  the  Archangell, 
To  thaim  be  not  strange,  I  you  here  require. 
Caste  thaim  oute  fro  all  fendes  of  hell, 
And  tham  condute  to  the  heuinly  empire. 
OflF  god  conueying  maister  be  entire, 
Ivn,  -n-olle  to  uesture  haue  thay  without  faill. 
The  beseche  not  strange  be  thaim  to  consaill." 

(1.  6462-6468.) 
The  sixth  line  of  this  stanza  is  explained  in  the 
side-note,  "  and  let  them  have  linen  and  woollen 
vesture." 


I      "^Tiy  should  the   providing    of  the  Partenay 
j  wardrobe  fall  to  the   warrior-saint  ?     Does  any 
legend  throw  light  on  such  an  office  of  St.  ]\Ii- 
I  chael  ? 

i      Does  the  "  linen  and  woollen  vesture  "  mean 
j  the  shroud,  the  grave-clothes,  and  thus  continue 
to  refer  to  the  Archangel's  Hermes-office  of  con- 
ductor of  souls  ?     This  I  suppose  to  be  the  mean- 
ing.    The  preceding  line,  however, 

"  Off  god  conueying  maister  be  entire," 
is  of  doubtful  signification. 

Johit  Addis,  jTrs-iOR. 
Rustington,  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 

CorxTRT  Registries  of  Wiles.— Can  any  of 
your  correspondents  say  when  the  custom  of  re- 
gistering wills  in  the  country  was  discontinued  ? 
Reference  more  especially  to  the  registries  of 
Ipswich,  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  and  Norwich. 

E.  S. 

^utxizi  initlb  ^niStDerji. 

Txjrbervile's  "Tragical  Tales." — If  any 
of  your  readers  happen  to  be  possessed  of  a 
copy  of  Turbervile's  Tragical  Tales  (original  edi- 
tion, 1587,  or  reprint,  Edinburgh,- 1837,)  would 
they  oblige  by  referring  to  the  "  Epistle  "  from 
Russia  "  To  Spencer,"  and  also  to  two  other  poems 
addressed  to  the  same  person,  and  transcribing 
such  portions  (if  any)  as  appear  to  confirm  An- 
thony Wood's  assertion  that  this  Spencer  was  the 
poet  "Edmund  Spenser  ?  Also  will  they  state  how 
the  name  is  spelt — whether  Spencer  or  Spenser, 
and  what  edition  they  quote  from  ?  The  "Epistle  " 
is  also  to  be  found  in  Hackluyt's  Voyages,  vol.  i. 
1589.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  if  it  varies  from 
above  ?  W.  A.  Part, 

[In  Turbervile's   Tragical   Tales  are  three  notices  of 
Spencer.      In  the  Edinburgh  reprint   (now  before   us), 
they  occur  at  pages  300,  308,  375,  with  the  orthography 
as  follows :  — 
(1.)  "  My  Spencer,  spite  is  vertues  deadly  foe. 

The  best  are  euer  sure  to  beare  the  blame. 
And  enuie  next  to  vertue  still  doth  goe, 
But  vertue  shines,  when  enuie  shrinkes  for  shame." 
(2.)  "  My  Spencer,  spare  to  speake, 
and  euer  spare  to  speed, 
Vnless  thou  shew  thy  hurt,  how  shall 
the  Surgeon  know  thy  need  .'  "  &c. 
"  To  Spencer. 
(3.)   "  If  I  should  now  forget, 

or  not  remember  thee  : 
Thou  [Spencer]  mightst  a  foule  rebuke 

and  shame  impute  to  mee. 
For  I  to  open  shew 

did  loue  thee  passing  well : 
And  thou  were  he,  at  parture  whom 
I  loathd  to  bid  farewell,"  &c. 


Srd  s.  XI.  May  25,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


419 


The  orthography  of  the  "Epistle"  (3.)  is  strictly  followed 
in  Hackluyt's  Voiages,  ed.  1589,  p.  409.  Ritson,  in  his 
notice  of  Turbervile,  after  Wood,  has  prefixed  Edmund 
to  the  word  Spencer ;  to  which  Malone,  in  his  copy  of  the 
Biographia  Poetica,  has  added  this  note  :  "  No  mention  of 
Edmund  in  Turbervile  or  Hackluyt :  he  is  merely  called 
Spencer,  and  certainly  was  not  the  poet,  who  was  then 
unknown." 

On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  J.  P.  Collier,  in  his  recent  Life 
of  Edmund  Spenser,  p.  xxii.  thus  notices  the  supposed 
intimacy  between  the  two  poets :  "  Another  name  has 
been  connected  with  Spenser,  and  precisely  at  the  date  at 
which  we  had  arrived  [1569]  ;  we  mean  George  Turber- 
vile, who,  like  Spenser,  made  early  efforts  to  bring  blank 
verse  into  use  in  our  language  :  this  was  a  sort  of  bond 
of  connection  between  the  two  poets,  which  has  not 
hitherto  been  noticed,  but  which  renders  it  more  likely 
that  he  and  Spenser  should  at  this  time  have  been  intimate. 
Turbervile  was  secretary  to  Sir  Thomas  Randolph,  the 
English  ambassador  in  Muscovy,  in  1569,  and  he  dates 
various  poems,  in  the  shape  of  epistles,  from  Russia.  One 
of  these  epistles  is  headed  '  To  Spencer,'  but  no  Christian 
name  is  given  :  he  is  mentioned  by  his  surname  also  in 
two  other  metrical  productions  in  the  same  volume  ;  but 
there  is  nothing  in  any  of  the  three  to  warrant  us  in  dis- 
tinctly affirming  that  the  Spencer  thus  distinguished  was 
our  Edmund  Spenser.  Still,  the  similarity  of  tastes  and 
pursuits  in  the  two  individuals  is  to  be  taken  into  ac- 
count, and  Anthony  Wood,  in  his  AihencB  Oxonienses, 
boldly  supplies  the '  Edmund,' as  if  the  epistle  had  certainly 
been  addressed  to  our  poet :  if  the  epistle  were,  as  we 
believe,  sent  to  him,  we  need  not  hesitate  in  making  him 
the  owner  of  the  same  name  in  the  two  other  poems.  Tur- 
ben'ile  was  older  than  Spenser,  but  he  was  acquainted 
with  the  younger  man's  inclinations  and  abilities,  and 
paid  him  the  compliment  of  sending  a  versified  letter  to 
him  from  the  remotest  corner  of  Europe,  even  at  the  early 
age  of  seventeen."] 

Ballad  Liteeattjre. — 1.  Wlio  is  the  author 
of  the  words  of  "The  British  Grenadiers  "  ? 

2.  In  Harli/  Naval  Ballads,  edited  for  the  Percy 
Society  in  1841  by  J.  0.  Ilalliwell,  is  printed — 

"  A  famous  Sea-fight  between  Captain  Ward  and  the 
Rainbow.  To  the  Tune  of  Captain  Ward,  &c.  From 
tie  British  Museum  Collection  of  Old  Ballads." 

When  did  this  ballad  first  appear?  Where 
cm  I  find  an  account  of  the  adventure  on  which 
tie  ballad  has  been  founded?  At  what  period 
dii  Captain  Ward  (who  appears  to  have  been  a 
prate)  possess  the  seas  ?  And  where  is  an  account 
o'  him  to  be  found  ?  What  means  the  reference 
"to  the  tune  of  Captain  Ward "  ?  Are  there 
ober  ballads  about  him  besides  the  "Rainbow," 
aid  "  The  Song  of  Dansekar  the  Dutchman  "  ? 

3.  "  Captain  Glen's  unhappy  Voyage  to  New 
Brbary,"  issued  from  the  Seven  Dials  about  fifty 
y(ars  ago._  Can  any  one  kindly  inform  me  who 
WIS  Captain  Glen,  and  at  what  period  he  existed, 


or  is  this  ballad  an  entire  fiction?  The  story 
turns  upon  the  circumstance  of  'the  captain  being 
aroused  during  the  third  watch  by  the  appear- 
ance of  a  spectre,  and,  hastening  to  his  boatswain, 
confesses  to  having  some  time  before  committed 
a  murder  in  Staffordshire.  Soon  after,  a  storm 
arises,  and  the  boatswain,  contrary  to  promise, 
discloses  the  fact  of  the  captain's'  guilt  to  the 
crew,  who  with  one  accord  decide  on  pitching 
him  overboard.  Thereupon  the  storm  immedi- 
ately abates. 

4.  "Lament  for  the  Loss  of  the  Ship  'Union.'  " 
This  ballad  is  contemporaneous  with  the  pre- 
ceding. The  "  Union  "  appears  to  have  sailed  from 
Belfast  "  bound  for  America."  Can  any  one  fur- 
nish me  with  an  account  of  the  shipwreck  of  the 
"  Union,"  and  the  date  of  the  disaster  ? 

W.  H.  L. 

Berwick-on-Tweed. 

[1.  The  author  of  the  words  of  "  The  British  Grena- 
diers "  appears  unkno-(vn.  Mr.  Chappell  informs  us,  that 
"the  words  of  this  song  cannot  be  older  than  1678,  when 
the  Grenadier  Company  was  first  formed,  or  later  than 
the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  when  grenadiers  ceased  to  carry 
hand-grenades."  (Popular  Music  of  the  Olden  Time, 
152,  772.) 

2.  For  particulars  of  Capt.  Ward,  consult  "  A  True 
and  Certaine  Report  of  the  Beginning,  Proceedings,  Over- 
throwes,  and  now  present  estate  of  Captaine  Ward  and 
Danseker,  the  two  late  famous  Pirates.  By  Andrew 
Barker.  Lond.  -Ito,  1609."  This  work  was  dramatised 
by  Robert  Daborn,  in  a  tragedy  entitled  "  A  Christian 
turn'd  Turke  :  or,  the  Tragicall  Lives  and  Deaths  of  the 
Two  Famous  Pyrates,  Ward  and  Dansiker.  Lond.  4to, 
1612."  The  Roxburghe  ballad,  reprinted  by  the  Percy 
Society,  has  the  conjectured  date  of  1650. 

3.  "  Captain  Glen"s  Unhappj^  Vo3-age  "  is  among  the 
Roxburghe  ballads,  with  the  conjectured  date  of  1780. 
It  was  reprinted  in  1815  and  1825.  Who  he  was,  to- 
gether with  the  "  Loss  of  the  Ship  Union,"  we  must  leave 
for  our  readers  to  clear  up.] 

Paeodt  oif  "HoHENLiNDEN."  —  Can  any  of 
your  readers  furnish  me  with  a  full  copy  of  a 
parody  on  "  Ilohenlinden,"  the  first  verse  of 
which  commences  — 

"  At  Swindon,  when  the  night  drew  nigh. 
Few  were  the  trains  that  passed  thereby,"  &c.  ? 
JTttvenis. 

Manchester. 

[  We  have  already  inserted  in  "  X.  &  Q."  (3"*d  S.  iv. 
209,  254)  two  parodies  on  Campbell's  "  Hohenlinden." 
The  following  clever  one  originally  appeared  in  Eraser's 
Magazine  for  August,  1850,  p.  164;  and  it  is  probable 
our  valuable  correspondent,  CuTHBEnx  Bede,  can  en- 
lighten us  respecting  the  authorship  of  it :  — 

"  SWINDON. 

"At  Swindon,  when  the  night  drew  nigh, 
Few  were  the  trains  that  went  thereby. 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67. 


And  very  dreary  was  the  sigh 
Of  damsels  waiting  dolefully. 
«  But  Swindon  saw  another  sight, 
When  the  train  came  at  dead  of  night, 
Commanding  oil  and  gas  to  light 
Much  stale  confectionery. 
"  By  soups  and  coffee  fast  allured, 
Each  passenger  his  choice  secured, 
Excepting  those  lock'd  in— immured 
By  sly  policeman's  treachery. 
"  Then  rush'd  the  mob,  by  hunger  driven — 
Then  vanished  buns,  in  pieces  riven ; 
And  louder  than  the  orders  given 
Fast  popp'd  the  beer-artillery. 
*'  But  farther  yet  that  train  shall  go, 
And  deeper  yet  shall  be  their  woe — 
And  greater  horrors  shall  they  know. 
Who  bolt  their  food  so  speedily. 
"  Time's  up !  but  scarce  each  sated  one 
Can  pierce  the  steam-cloud  rolling  dun. 
Where  curious  tart  and  heavy  bun 
Lie  in  dyspeptic  sympathy. 
"  The  combat  thickens.     On,  j'e  brave ! 
Who  scald  your  throats,  in  hope  to  save 
Some  spoonfuls  of  your  soup ;  the  knave 
Will  charge  for  all  he  ladles  je  I 
"  Few,  few  digest  where  many  eat, 
The  nightmare  shall  wind  up  their  feat. 
Each  carpet-bag  beneath  their  seat 
Shall  seem  a  yawning  sepulchre."] 

"BoTANiCTJM  LoNDiNENSE." — In  a  list  of  books, 
tracts,  &c.,  published  by  James  Petiver,  and 
printed  at  the  end  of  his  Jlortus  Per-uvianus,  or 
South-sea  Herbal,  1715,  I  find  the  following :  — 

"  Botanicum  Londinense,  or  London  Herbal.  Giving 
the  Names,  Descriptions,  and  Virtues,  &c.  of  such  Plants 
about  London  as  have  been  observed  in  the  several 
monthly  herborizings  made  for  the  Use  of  the  Young 
Apothecaries  and  others  Students  in  the  Science  of  Botany 
or  Knowledge  of  Plants.    Price  2s.  6rf." 

This  was  printed  in  Memoires  for  the  Curious  (a 
periodical  edited  by  Petiver),  as  I  have  acci- 
dentally discovered  by  finding  two  sheets  of  it  in 
the  British  Museum :  p.  269  from  the  number 
for  September,  1709,  and  p.  313  from  that  for 
October,  1709 — the  latter  a  proof,  corrected  in 
Petiver's  handwriting.  Were  these  numbers  of 
the  Memoires  ever  published  ?  If  so,  can  any  of 
your  readers  inform  me  where  they  can  be  ob- 
tained ?  The  Botanicum  Londinense  is  not  men- 
tioned in  any  list  of  Petiver's  works  that  I  have 
seen  (e.  r/.  in  Sequier,  Haller,  Pulteney,  or  Pritzel), 
nor  is  it  included  in  the  reprint  of  all  his  works 
that  could  be  obtained  in  1764. 

Henry  Tkimen. 

[In  the  British  Museum  is  an  imperfect  third  volume 
(unknown  to  bibliographers)  of  the  Memoirs  for  the  Curi- 
ous, containing  the  "  Botanicum  Londinense,  or  the  Lon- 


don Herbal,"  pp.  269  to  296,  and  which  Petiver  calls  his 
"  first  walk."  Whether  the  promised  "  second  walk  "  was 
printed  is  uncertain.  There  are  four  papers  by  Petiver 
in  the  Philosophical  Transactions,  xxvii.  375, 416  ;  xxviii. 
33, 117;  xxix.  229,  353,  giving  "An  Account  of  Divers 
Eare  Plants,  lately  observed  in  several  curious  Gardens 
about  London,  and  particularly  the  Apothecaries  Physick 
Garden  at  Chelsey,  1711-1714."] 

Miles  Smyth's  "  Psalms." — I  find  in  the  Book- 
sellers' Catalogue  (3'^  S.  xi.  71  note) — 

"  The  Psalms  of  David  paraphrased  and  turned  into 
English  Verse,  according  to  the  Common  Metre,  as  they 
are  usually  Sung  in  Parish  Churches.  By  Miles  Smyth. 
Octavo,  price  5s." 

Who  is  Miles  Smyth  ?  What  are  the  merits  of 
the  work  ?  Was  it  ever  sanctioned  by  authority  ? 
The  date  will  be  1680  [1668].  I  presume  that 
common  metre  should  be  common  metres,  for  I 
can  hardly  suppose  that  all  the  Psalms  were  in 
common  metre,  as  we  now-a-days  understand  the 
term.  J.  II.  Dixon. 

[Miles  Smyth  was  secretary  to  Dr.  Sheldon,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury.  It  was  in  1668  that  he  published 
the  Psalms  of  King  David,  which  are  all  in  common 
metre,  as  we  now  understand  the  term.  His  version  is 
based  upon  Dr.  Hammond's  Paraphrase  of  thi  Psalms. 
Playford,  the  bookseller,  who,  in  1671,  published  a  collec- 
tion of  tunes  for  singing  the  Psalms  in  four  parts,  men- 
tions our  author  as  "  that  worthy  gentleman  Mr.  Miles 
Smj'th,  yet  living  " — adding  that  his  translation  of  the 
Psalms,  and  that  of  Dr.  King,  "  for  elegance  of  style, 
smoothness  of  language,  and  suitableness  to  the  musical 
tunes,  far  excell  the  former" ;  i.  e.  the  Old  Version.] 

"OxoNiuM,  PoEMA,  authore  F.  V.  ex  eede 
Christi.  Oxon.  1667."  This  work  contains  a  curi- 
ous description  of  Oxford  in  Latin  hexameter 
verse.  F.  V.  is,  I  believe,  Francis  Vernon.  Is 
anything  known  respecting  him  ? 

Thomas  E.  Winningtoj'. 

[Francis  Vernon,  of  the  Worcestershire  family  of  that 
name,  was  born  in  London,  near  Charing  Cross,  about 
1637.  He  was  elected  student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxfoid, 
from  Westminster  School  in  1654;  B.A.  1657;  M.l. 
1660  ;  and  was  made  secretary  to  Mr.  Ralph  Montague's 
embassy  to  Paris  in  1669.  He  was  of  great  use  to  tie 
Royal  Society,  and  elected  a  fellow  of  that  body  on  his 
return  from  Paris  in  1672.  He  subsequently  became  a 
great  traveller  ;  and  in  one  of  his  wandering  expeditiois 
fell  into  the  hands  of  some  pirates,  endured  great  haid- 
ships  before  he  recovered  his  liberty,  and  at  last  tos 
murdered  in  Persia  by  some  Arabs  in  a  quarrel  about  a 
penknife,  1677.  He  is  said  to  have  been  an  ingenious  mai, 
and  acquainted  with  all  the  mathematicians  of  Frame 
and  Italy.  (Wood's  Athence  Oxon.,  ed.  1817,  iii.  113^) 
Vernon's  rare  Latin  poem,  Oxonium,  is  described  aid 
quoted  in  "N.  &  Q."  2"<i  S.  vii.  275.] 

"John  Gilpin."  —  In  the  poem  of  "Join 
Gilpin,"  what  is  the  origin  of  the  expression  '^n 


3'0  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


421 


merry  pin,^^  and  what  was  the  calender's  trade  ? 
The  latter  word  is  not  in  Webster. 

SCISCIXATOE. 
["  The  calender,  right  glad  to  find 
His  friend  in  merry  pin," 
that  is,  in  a  merry  humour,  a  kind  of  roisterer.    Richard- 
son, in  his  Dictionary,  s.  v.,  says,  "  A  merry  pin  from  the 
custom  of  drinking  in  mugs  with  a  pin  fixed,  as  a  measure 
of  the   quantity  to   be  drunk."     These  were   the  Feg 
Tankards  of  our  ancestors.     A   calender  is   one  whose 
trade  is  to  calender,  that  is,  to  smooth,  trim,  or  give  the 
gloss  to  woollen  cloths.] 

JoETJM.  —  What  is  the  origin  of  the  expression 
"a  jorum"  for  a  large  quantity  of  ale  or  wine, 
&c.  ?  Ajs  Old  Subscriber. 

[Mr.  Brockett  says  "  Jorum,  a  pot  or  jug.  Chaucer  has 
jordane,  and  Shakspeare,  yorrfe^i." 

"  Such  a  club  would  you  borrow. 
To  drive  away  sorrow. 
Apply  for  a.  jorum  of  Newcastle  beer." 

Cunningham,  Newcastle  Beer. 
Consult  also  Mr.  Way's  note  on  the  word  Jordon  in  the 
Promptorium  Parvulorum,  p.  267.] 

Charles  II, — Can  any  reader  of  ''iST.  &  Q." 
give  me  any  information  respecting  the  proceed- 
ings of  Charles  II.  on  the  first  and  second  days 
of  November,  1660  ?  J.  M.  Cowpee. 

[On  these  days,  Charles  II.  was  escorting  his  mother, 
Henrietta  Maria,  from  Dover  to  London,  as  narrated  in 
Miss  Strickland's  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England,  edit. 
1851,  V.  434.  Consult  also  the  Diaries  of  Pepys  and 
Evelyn.] 

Pair  of  Coloees. — You  have  admitted  much 
in  "N.  &  Q."  of  late  on  the  subject  of  ''pairs," 
but  I  have  seen  no  allusion  to  the  "pair  of 
colours"  (regimental)  of  which  our  forefathers 
used  to  speak.  The  phrase  ''  to  buy  a  pair  of 
colours  "  was  in  former  days  equivalent  to  the 
purchase  of  an  ensign's  commission.  Why  was  it 
a  ^jrtiV  of  colours  ?  •  0. 

[The  phrase  is  perfectly  correct,  since  every  regiment, 
with  the  exception  of  rifle  regiments,  has  a  "pair  of 
colours  " — nameh",  the  Queen's  colours  and  the  regimental 
colour  s.'\ 

licijites. 

HAREY  EOWE. 
(3'"  S.   xi.  331.) 

A  writer  in  Chambers's  Book  of  Bays  (ii,  436) 
says : — 

"  Hany  was  the  reputed  author  of  an  ably  commen- 
tated edition  of  3Iacheth,  and  a  musical  farce  entitled 
No  Cure  no  Fay  —  a  trenchant  satire  on  quack  doctors, 
and  the  shameful  facilitj-  with  which  medical  diplomas 
and  degrees  were  then  obtained  by  illiterate  adventurers." 

Rowe  was  born  at  York  in  1726,  and  his  farce 
of  No  Cure  no  Pay  appeared,  with  notes  by  Dr. 


Hunter,  in  1794.  He  served  as  trumpeter,  in  the 
Duke  of  Kingston's  regiment  of  light  horse,  at 
the  battle  of  Culloden.  With  the  profits  of  his 
puppet-show  he  supported  his  aged  parents.  The 
anecdote  given  by  your  correspondent  is  very  in- 
teresting, and  quite  characteristic  of  Rowe,  who 
had  much  ready  wit. 

In  the  preface  to  his  edition  of  Macbeth,  Rowe 
says : — 

"  I  am  the  master  of  a  puppet-show,  and  as,  from  the 
nature  of  my  employment,  I  am  obliged  to  have  a  few 
stock  plays  ready  for  representation  whenever  I  am  acci- 
dentally visited  by  a  select  party  of  ladies  and  gentle- 
men, I  have  added  the  tragedy  of  Macbeth  *  to  my 
green-room  collection.  The  alterations  that  I  have  made 
in  this  play  are  warranted,  from  a  careful  perusal  of  a 
very  old  manuscript  in  the  possession  of  my  prompter, 
one  of  whose  ancestors,  by  the  mother's  side,  was  rush- 
spreader  and  candle-snuffer  at  the  Globe  playhouse,  as 
appears  from  the  following  memorandum  on  a  blank 
page  of  the  manuscript :  '  This  day,  March  4th,  rec<i  the 
sum  of  seven  shillings  and  fourpence,  for  six  bundles  of 
rushes  and  two  pair  of  candle-snuffers.'  " 

Harry  died  in  October,  1800,  in  the  poorhouse 
of  York,  overtaken  by  poverty  and  old  age. 

JoHi^  PiGGOT,  Jen. 


PEWS  (i.  e.  SEATS.) 

(3'"  S.  xi.  46,  107,  198,  338.) 

Having  had  from   my  professional  avocations 

my  attention  directed  to  church  furniture,  and 

bein^   aware   of  a  strong  but  foolish   prejudice 

existing  as  to  churches  having  been  always  seated. 


[*  In  a  copy  of  Macbeth,  Mr.  F.  G.  Waldron,  the 
dramatic  editor,  has  prefixed  the  following  manuscript 
note  :  "  Alexander  Hunter,  M.D.,  now  residing  at  York, 
was  the  real  editor  of  Harry  Rowe's  Macbeth ;  but  not 
choosing  to  acknowledge  it  publicly,  he  gave  it  to  Harrj-- 
Rowe  to  publish  it  for  his  own  emolument.  Mr.  Melvin, 
an  actor  of  celebrity,  who  performed  at  Covent  Garden 
Theatre  in  the  season  of  1806-7,  and  previously  at  the 
York  Theatre,  was  acquainted  with  Dr.  Hunter,  and  was 
informed  by  him  of  the  above.  A  musical  farce,  called 
No  Cure  no  Pay;  or,  the  Pharmacopolist,  by  Harry 
Rowe,  was  published  at  York  in  1797 ;  second  edition, 
1799.     Query,  If  not  written  by  Dr.  Hunter  ?  " 

The  engraved  portrait  of  this  trumpet-major  is  worth 
possessing  as  a  literary  curiosity.  The  inscription  reads, 
"Harry  Rowe,  born  in  York  1726,  Trumpeter  in  the 
Duke  of  Kingston's  Light  Horse  at  the  Battle  of  Culloden 
in  1746 :  forty-six  years  trumpeter  to  the  High  Sheriffs 
of  Yorkshire,  and  Manager  of  a  Company  of  Artificial 
Comedians. 

"  A  Manager  commenced  Author. 
"  Farewell  the  neighing  steed,  and  the  shrill  trump. 
The  spirit-stirring  drum,  th'  ear-piercing  fife, 
The  royal  banner  and  all  quality. 
Pride,  pomp,  and  circumstance  of  glorious  war. 
Farewell,  Othello's  occupation  s  gone!"  ^ 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-'i  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67. 


I  Lave  been  long  on  the  look  out  for  proofs,  but 
Lave  found  none  to  confirm  the  popular  idea; 
the  result  of  my  careful  inquiry  being,  that  but 
a  limited  numbar  of  churches  were  seated  in  the 
fifteenth  century.  And  though  some  of  the  exist- 
ing seats  may  be  as  early  as  Richard  II.,  yet,  in 
general  terms,  it  may  be  truly  said  that  in  the 
thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries  our  churches 
were  not  seated.  With  regard  to  the  objections 
of  J.  C.  H.,  I  beg  to  say  that  whilst  the  fact  of 
remains  of  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  century 
cathedral  stall  seats  existing  now  indubitably 
proves  the  existence  of  seats  in  the  choir  then, 
they  disprove  the  existence  of  any  in  the  nave ; 
for  if  the  latter  kind  had  ever  existed,  we  might 
as  reasonably  expect  to.  find  remains  of  them  as 
of  the  chancel  seats.  It  is  an  unwarrantable  and 
unreasonable  assertion,  that  "  the  late  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  century  workers  in  wood  were  so 
skilful,  that  it  became  fashionable  to  refit  all 
churches  in  those  centuries."  Except  in  roofs, 
the  fifteenth-century  carpenters  were  not  a  whit 
superior  to  their  ancestors.  In  fact,  the  end  of 
the  thirteenth  century  is  regarded  as  the  cul- 
minating period  of  excellence,  both  as  respects 
design  and  execution,  of  Gothic  art.  If  J.  C.  H.'s 
statements  were  true,  it  would  follow  that  sub- 
sequent to  the  fifteenth  century  at  least  ten 
thousand  churches  were,  for  some  unimaginable 
reason,  divested  of  their  substantial  and  costly 
oak  fittings,  leaving  not  a  wrack  behind.  Pro- 
digious!  As  I  have  before  said,  the  subject  is 
inseparably  connected  with  pulpits ;  for  not  until 
preaching  assumed  prominence  in  the  church  ser- 
vice were  seats  required.  Now,  not  only  are 
there  no  seats  existing,  but  no  pulpits  ;  and  why, 
if  they  had  existed,  should  we  not  find  pulpits  in 
churches  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  cen- 
turies as  well  as  in  refectories  ?  It  is  reasonable 
to  expect  that  some  of  them  should  be  found  of 
stone.  Refectory  pulpits  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury exist  at  Beaulieu,  Chester,  and  Shrewsbury. 

It  is  a  misstatement  of  J.  C.  H.'s  that  ''Mr. 
Parker  in  his  Glossary  says  that  the  word  podiam, 
from  which  pew  is  said  to  have  been  derived,  is 
mentioned  by  Durandus.''  I  have  the  last  and  a 
previous  edition  of  Mr.  Parker's  excellent  work, 
and  find  nothing  of  the  sort.  He  simply  gives 
podium  as  the  (monkish)  Latin  equivalent  of  the 
word;  the  proper  meaning  of  podium  being  a 
continuous  pedestal  along  a  wall.  With  regard 
to  the  often  referred  to  passage  in  Durandus,  as 
proving  the  existence  of  seats  in  churches,  his 
translators — the  Rev.  J.  M.  Neale  and  the  Rev. 
Benjamin  Webb — say  "this  passage  proves  that, 
in  the  time  and  country  of  Durandus,  seats  or 
chairs  except  ia  the  choir  were  unknown." 

An  important  proof  of  the  truth  of  my  state- 
ments may  be  seen  in  the  uniform  manner  in 
which  contemporary  artists  depict  preaching.     I 


will  give  a  few  examples :  —  In  a  fourteenth-cen- 
tury manuscript  in  the  British  Museum  is  a  repre- 
sentation of  St.  Joseph  of  Arimathea  preaching 
(habited  as  a  monk);  his  congregation,  mostly 
women,  are  seated  on  the  ground.  In  another 
manuscript  in  the  Harleian  Library,  British. 
Museum,  Archbishop  Arundel  (1319)  is  shown 
preaching,  the  people  sitting  on  the  groimd.  In 
the  illustrations  of  Monstrelet  is  shown  a  monk 
preaching  to  the  queen  and  her  ladies,  she  and 
they  being  either  on  low  stools  or  on  the  ground. 
And  in  another  illustration,  showing  a  monk 
preaching  to  the  king  and  his  courtiers,  the  king 
is  on  a  throne,  whilst  the  courtiers  stand. 

As  the  artists  of  those  days  faithfully  showed 
things  as  they  were  accustomed  to  see  them,  there 
can  be  no  doubt  but  that,  when  people  under 
favourite  preachers  sat,  it  was  on  the  ground^ 
and  because  there  were  no  seats. 

It  is  a  fondly  nursed  idea  now  that  the  churches 
in  early  times  had  frescoed  walls  resplendent 
with  colour  and  gold,  windows  begemmed  with 
stained  glass,  handsome  seats,  encaustic  tile  pavings 
gorgeous  altar,  &c. — aU  very  superior  to  what  we 
have :  the  true  state  of  things  being,  I  believe, 
that  in  the  thirteenth  century  the  greater  num- 
ber of  churches  had  only  whitewashed  walls,  not 
only  being  without  glass  stained,  but  glass  of  any 
kind ;  no  seats,  and  no  paving,  the  floor  being 
only  the  natural  earth  trodden  down  and,  to  look 
decent,  strewn  with  rushes.  All  other  matters 
to  correspond,  there  was  but  little  respect  exist- 
ing towards  the  sacred  building ;  preaching  was 
infrequent,  and  on  most  incongruous  subjects. 
Even  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  day,  things,  though 
improved,  were  not  what  we  regard  as  seemly. 
When  at  Cambridge,  on  Sunday  evening,  she 
went  from  divine  service  at  one  end  of  the  chapel 
to  a  theatrical  entertainment  at  the  other  end. 
Nor  had  preaching  that  importance  attached  to 
it  which,  with  all  sections  of  the  community,  it 
has  now.  In  her  reign  it  was  ordered  that  those 
churches  which  were  without  pulpits  should  be 
furnished  with  them,  and  sermons  preached  not 
less  often  than  four  times  a-year. 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact,  that  though  seats  were 
used  in  English  churches  in  the  fifteenth  century, 
yet  they  were  not  used  elsewhere  ;  and  it  shows 
the  independent  attitude  of  the  English  Church 
anterior  to  the  Reformation.  The  feeling  with 
which  a  Romanist  would  regard  the  inno- 
vation, is  shown  by  the  tirade  which  a  Jesuit 
priest,  Theophilus  Raynaud,  wrote  in  the  latter 
half'  of  the  seventeenth  century,  when  seats  were 
first  introduced  into  French  churches.  He  de- 
clares that  standing  is  the  "  usus  universalis 
ecclesise  "  —  the  very  idea  of  sitting  involving 
irreverence,  sitting  being  alone  the  right  of  the 
clergy. 

I  cannot  understand  C.  S.  G. : — "Now  a  pre- 


3"i  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


423 


scription  must  liave  existed  from  time  whereof 
the  memory  of  man  runneth  not  to  the  contrary ; 
that  is,  as  far  back  as  the  beginning  of  the  reign 
of  Richard  I.,  a.d.  1189."  Why  not  Richard  II.  ? 
Richard  1. 1  do  not  consider  it  could  reach  to,  there 
being  no  seats  temp.  Richard  I. 

Though  I  thought  the  proportion  of  churches 
with  old  seats,  as  derived  from  Mr.  Brandon's 
book,  as  sufficiently  near  the  fact  to  prove  my 
case,  yet  the  number  so  educed  is  probably  too 
high.  He  would  of  course  illustrate  the  most 
interesting  of  the  churches ;  those  less  so  would 


not  be  so  likely  to  have  old  seats. 


P.  E.  M. 


MATTHEW  PKIOE. 
(3'"  S.  xi.  270.) 
Fully  agreeing  in  the  favourable  opinion  of  his 
poetry  expressed  by  your  correspondent  Me. 
Keightlet,  I  would  beg  to  confirm  it  by  reference 
to  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  productions  of 
Chatterton,  for  some  ideas  in  which  he  always  ap- 
peared to  me  to  have  been  indebted  to  the  perusal 
of  the  poems  of  Prior. 

The  lines  to  which  I  particularly  allude  are  to 
be  found  towards  the  conclusion  of  Prior's  Ode  on 
Exodus  iii.  14,  "  I  AM  THAT  I  AM,"  written  in 
1688  as  an  exercise  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, and  are  these, — 
"  Let  cunning  Earth  her  fruitful  wonders  hide, 

And  only  lift  thy  staggering  reason  up 

To  trembling  Calvary's  astonished  top, 

There  mock  thy  knowledge,  and  confound  thy  pride, 

Explaining  how  Perfection  suffered  pain. 

Almighty  languished,  and  Eternal  died." 

Let  us  compare  these  with  some  lines  in  Chat- 
terton's  "Hymn  for  Christmas  Day,"  wiitten  (can 
it  be  believed  ?)  at  the  age  of  eleven  years :  — 

"  How  shall  we  celebrate  the  day 
When  God  appeared  in  mortal  clay, 

The  mark  of  worldly  scorn  ; 
When  the  archangel's  heavenly  lays 
Attempted  the  Redeemer's  praise, 

And  hailed  salvation's  morn .' 
"  A  humble  form  the  Godhead  wore. 
The  pains  of  poverty  He  bore. 

To  gaudy  pomp  unknown ; 
Though  in  a  human  walk  He  trod, 
Still  was  the  man  Almighty  God, 

In  glory  all  His  own. 
"  Despis'd,  oppress'd,  the  Godhead  bears 
The  torments  of  this  vale  of  tears. 

Nor  bid  {sic)  His  vengeance  rise ; 
He  saw  the  creatures  He  had  made 
Eevile  His  power,  His  peace  invade. 

He  saw  with  Mercy's  ej'es. 
"  How  shall  we  celebrate  His  name 
Who  groau'd  beneath  a  life  of  shame, 

In  all  afflictions  try'd.' 
The  soul  is  raptur'd  to  conceive 
A  truth  which  Being  must  believe — 

The  God  eternal  died," 


The  whole  poem  may  be  found  in  vol.  i.  pp.  4-6 
of  Chatterton^ s  Collected  Works,  published  by 
Southey  and  Cottle,  3  vols.  8vo,  1803 ;  but  the 
remark  above  made  refers,  of  course,  principally 
to  the  last  stanza  here  quoted.  In  a  review  of  the 
publication  made  in  the  Edinburf/h  Revieio  for 
1804,  p.  214,  and  generally  ascribed  to  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  it  is  observed  that  "  when  the  harmony  and 
ease  of  expression  in  this  hymn  are  contrasted 
with  the  author's  boyhood,  inexperience,  and  want 
of  instruction,  the  composition  appears  almost 
miraculous." 

I  will  only  further  observe,  that  few  books 
were  more  likely  to  fall  into  Chatterton's  hands 
than  Prior's  poems ;  that  this  one  stands  the  first 
of  them  (at  least  it  does  so  in  the  edition  now 
lying  before  me),  and,  by  a  singular  coincidence^ 
was  the  earliest,  in  point  of  date,  of  Prior's  com- 
positions (as  the  Hymn  for  Christmas  Day  was  of 
Chatterton's),  having  been  written  at  the  age  of 
twenty-four.  W. 

TWO-FACED  PICTURES. 
(3"»  S.  xi.  257.) 
If  Q.  Q.,  who  in  "  N.  &  Q."  for  March  30  seeks 
information  about  two-faced  or  double  pictures, 
would  like  to  make  one,  I  think  I  can  explain  the 
way ;  at  least  I  will  try  to  describe  one  I  made 
some  years  ago  of,  I  think,  the  kind  he  means. 
A  plain  deal  frame  was  made  externally  of  a  size 
to  fit  into  the  ordinary  gilt  frame  intended  to 
surround  the  whole.  It  was  about  five-eighths 
of  an  inch  wide,  and  three-eighths  of  an  inch  deep 
from  back  to  front.  In  the  top  and  bottom  bars^ 
at  intervals  of  three-eighths  of  an  inch,  slits  were 
sawn  to  the  depth  of  a  quarter  of  an  inch,  running 
from  front  to  back  of  the  lower  side  of  the  top 
bar,  and  of  the  upper  side  of  the  bottom  one  ;  they 
were  placed  exactly  opposite  each  other,  and  were 
intended  to  receive  the  ends  of  what  Q.  Q.  remem- 
bers as  a  "  grille  "  or  lattice-work. 

This  was  formed  in  the  following  manner: — 
Two  pictures  being  selected  nearly  of  a  size,  one 
was  placed  on  a  table  face  downwards,  and  the 
back  entirely  covered  with  strips  of  tape  three- 
eighths  of  an  inch  wide,  pasted  close  to  each  other, 
and  running  from  top  to  bottom  of  the  picture. 
These  tapes  were  cut  about  three-quarters  of  an 
inch  longer  at  each  end  than  the  picture,  and 
were  numbered  from  left  to  right,  the  picture 
being  still  face  downwards.  When  thoroughly 
dry,  the  picture  was  divided  between  each  tape, 
and  the  strips  were  then  pasted  on  the  back  of  the 
second  picture,  but  the  order  of  the  tapes  was 
reversed,  so  that  the  commencement  of  each  pic- 
ture on  the  left-hand  side  came  on  one  tape. 
The  whole  being  dry  was  again  divided  in  the 
same  manner  as  before,  and  each  strip  was  secured 
in  two  corresponding  slits  of  the  frame  by  means 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S-^i  S.  XI.  BlAT.  25,  '67. 


of  slight  wedges,  great  care  being  taken  to  stretcli 
all  tight,  and  to  make  each  strip  range  so  exactly 
level  with  those  on  either  side  that  when  looked 
at  sideways  each  picture  appeared  as  if  perfect  in 
itself.  At  the  back  a  third  picture  was  placed  in 
the  ordinary  manner,  and  one  so  arranged  must 
have  been  what  Q.  Q.  saw  obscured  by  the  lat- 
tice-work. The  pictures  used  were  coloured  litho- 
graphs ;  and  it  may  be  as  well  to  observe  that  the 
most  eftective  subjects  are  such  as  have  a  simple 
outline  and  but  little  detail.  A  single  head,  for 
instance,  shows  off  much  better  than  a  group 
covering  the  same  space.  E.  Y.  Heineken. 

Sidmouth. 

Pictures,  or  rather  coloured  prints,  of  the  kind 
described  by  Q.  Q.  are,  or  were  at  a  recent  period, 
very  common  in  Paris.  The  paper  or  pasteboard 
is  passed  between  a  pair  of  toothed  rollers,  and 
thus  the  flat  surface  becomes  serrated  like  a  piece 
of  muslin  which  has  been  ''gaufred"  or  "  crimped." 
The  artist  then,  standing — say  on  the  left  of  the 
paper — makes  one  design  on  the  sides  of  the 
angles  which  slope  from  left  to  right ;  and  then, 
shifting  his  position,  makes  another  design  on  the 
sides  of  the  angles  sloping  from  right  to  left. 
Such  a  paper,  when  regarded  in  full-front,  would 
exhibit  nothing  but  a  confused  blur ;  but  looked 
at  on  either  side  would  present  the  perfect  draw- 
ing, and  that  alone,  which  the  artist  had  made 
when  standing  in  the  same  place.  Q.  Q.  can 
easily  make  the  experiment  for  himself  by  folding 
a  sheet  of  paper  zigzag  or  fimwise,  and  then 
proceeding  as  I  have  described  above.  If,  however, 
he  wishes  to  proceed  on  more  scientific  principles, 
I  beg  to  refer  him  to  that  most  excellent  manual, 
The  Boy's  own  Book — the  best  book  ever  written 
for  boys — where  he  will  find  among  the  "  Optical 
Amusements"  (ed.  1831,  p.  278)  "the  method  of 
drawing  an  irregular  figure  on  a  plane,  which, 
being  seen  from  two  opposite  points  of  view,  shall 
represent  two  dift'erent  regular  objects."  This 
kind  of  optical  phenomenon  is  called  an  "anamor- 
phosis"; and  by  another  method,  an  irregular  or 
distorted  figure  may  be  drawn  on  a  flat  surface, 
which,  when  seen  from  a  proper  point  of  view, 
will  appear  not  only  regular  and  in  perspective, 
but  elevated.  William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 

When  at  St.  Helena,  about  five  years  ago,  I  saw 
in  an  hotel  at  James  Town  a  portrait  of  is^apoleon 
covered  with  thick  fluted  glass,  which  had  some- 
what of  the  effect  described  by  Q.  Q.  When 
looking  straight  at  the  picture,  the  fact  of  the 
gla^.3  beingfluted  was  hardly  noticeable  :  it  showed 
from  the  front  view  Napoleon  as  first  consul, 
fro  Ml  the  left  as  a  cadet,  and  from  the  right  as  the 
eni  peror. 

I  examined  the  picture  closely,  but  could  detect 


nothing  in  the  print  itself  to  account  for  this  effect, 
and  therefore  concluded  it  was  produced  by  the 
fluted  glass.  The  grooves  in  the  glass  were  pro- 
bably arranged  diflerently  on  either  side,  but  I 
cannot  be  certain  whether  such  was  the  case  or 
not.  Yados. 


"  The  Noble  Moringer  "  {S'^  S.  xi.  381.)— 
With  reference  to  Sir  Walter  Scott's  translation 
of  "The  Noble  Moringer,"  the  original  poepi  will 
be  found  in  Busching  and  Von  der  Hagen's 
Smnynlung  Deutscher  Volkslieder,  Berlin,  1807, 
p.  102. 

"  Der  edle  Moringer  "  is  the  heading,  and  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  "  Moringer  "  is  not  a  title, 
but  a  proper  name  with  a  masculine  termination. 
The  addition  of  such  terminations  to  proper  names 
in  Old  German  was  common  enough,  both  in  the 
masculine  and  feminine  genders,  as  for  example, 
"  eine  Offenbiirgin "  for  a  lady  of  the  family  of 
"  Offenburg." 

In  this  volume  of  Biisching  and  "Von  der 
Hagen's  there  is  another  song  which  has  been 
partly  appropriated  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  one  of 
his  novels.  Your  readers  will  recollect  the  Baron 
of  Bradwardine's  French  song,  with  the  burthen 
"  Ion,  Ion,  laridon."  It  will  be  found  in  a  different 
form  at  page  345  of  this  little  book.  The  two 
following  verses  are  part  of  it :  — 

"  Mon  coeur  volage,  dit-elle, 

N'est  pas  pour  trois  garcjons  : 

Est  pour  un  homme  de  guerre 

Qui  a  barbs  au  menton. 

Vous  m'avez — Ion — Ion — laridon — 

Vous  m'avez  la  laisse. 
"  Est  pour  un  homme  de  guerre 

Qui  a  barbe  au  menton, 

Qui  porte  chapeaux  a  plumes, 

Souliers  a  rouges  talons. 

Vous  m'avez — Ion — Ion — laridon— 

Vous  m'avez  la  laisse." 

The  readings  in  the  second  line  of  the  first  of 
these  stanzas,  and  the  third  line  of  the  second, 
seem  doubtful,  but  they,  as  well  as  laisse,  are 
printed  as  I  have  given  them.      Edmund  Head. 

"  The  Dead  Men  oe  Pesth  "  (S'^  S.  xi.  246.) 
In  answer  to  the  inquiries  of  some  of  your  cor- 
respondents, I  must  inform  them  that  the  ballad 
thus  entitled  has  no  pretence  to  antiquity.  It 
will  be  found  in  Poems  Original  and  Translated, 
by  the  late  John  Herman  Merivale,  Esq.,  vol.  i. 
p.  G6,  edition  of  1844,  But  it  originally  appeared 
in  The  Athcnceum,  some  sixty  years  ago,  as  an 
imitation,  between  jest  and  earnest,  of  the  Tales 
of  Wonder,  and  so  forth,  of  Monk  Lewis  and 
others,  which  had  then  achieved  a  spectral  popu- 
larity. H.  M. 

The  Maclatjeins  (.3">  S.  xi.  261.)— The  family 
of  Lord  Dreghorn  seems  to  have  inherited  the 


3">  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


425 


paternal  love  of  the  Muse.  The  following  has 
fallen  in  my  way,  and  is  certainly  an  unnoted 
production  of  Colin  Maclaurin :  — 

"  Poems  by  Eobert  Brazen,  Esq.,  F.N.S.,  S.T.D.,  O.C, 
and  Principal  Secretary  to  the  Celebrated  Mr.  Yorick. 
In  Two  Volumes."  Edinburgh  :  Printed  bv  Alex,  Jar- 
dine,  1801, 

I  have  only  vol.  i,,  a  small  octavo  of  seventy 
pages.  This  I  assign  to  Mr,  Maclaurin  on  the 
authority  of  the  inscription  on  the  title — "  pre- 
sented to  me  by  the  Author,  Mr.  C.  Maclaurin  of 
Edinburgh";  but  that  is  not  needed,  for  we  find 
"  The  Triumph  of  Peace,*'  which  occupies  nearly 
the  whole  volume,  reprinted  in  the  second  volume 
of  "•  The  Poetical  and  Dramatic  Works  of  C.  Mac- 
laurin, Advocate,  and  George  Maclaurin,  Writer, 
Edinburgh,"  which  the  editor,  C.  Maclaurin,  claims 
as  his  portion  of  the  work,  but  puts  his  thumb 
upon  its  previous  publication.  This  joint  pro- 
duction of  the  two  brothers  (2  vols.  8vo,  Edin- 
burgh, 1812)  is,  I  suppose,  a  well  enough  known 
book,  and  contains  Laura,  a  tragedy,  by  the  first, 
and  Hampden,  a  tragedy,  by  the  last.  The  former 
is  omitted  in  the  Biographia  Dramatica ;  and  the 
latter  there  assigned,  under  date  1799,  to  Lord 
Dreghorn.  J.  Maclaurin  notices  an  eccentric  sister 
of  the  judge:  perhaps  it  is  not  generally  known 
that  she,  too,  was  led  astray  by  delusive  poetry. 
In  the  joint  work  already  mentioned  there  occurs 
an  Elegy  by  her,  corrected  by  the  late  Lord 
Dreghorn.  If  this  was  all,  I  should  hardly  drag 
her  into  my  note ;  but  as  authoress  of  the  fol- 
lowing, she  ought  not  to  be  omitted  :  — 

"  Poems  by  the  late  Mary  Maclaurin,  Daughter  of  the 
late  Colin  M.,  Proftesser  of  Mathematics,  University  of 
Edinburgh."  12  pp.  4to,  Haddington :  G,  Miller  &  Son, 
1812. 

Containing  thirty-five  specimens  (including  the 
viiith  Psalm)  of  commonplace,  and  verses  by 
Jas.  Miller,  who  appears  to  have  edited  the  book. 
My  query  is,  did  the  facetious  Fellow  of  No 
Society — which  I  take  to  be  the  interpretation  of 
"  F.N.S," — publish  more  than  vol,  i.  of  the  Brazen 
series  ?  J.  0. 

Laxakkshiee  Families  (.S^'S.  xi,42,339, 362.) 
Anglo-Scotus  will  find  lots  of  phonetically-spelt 
names  in  our  old  Scotch  records,  but  the  question 
is,  what  is  the  true  and  original  form  of  these  ? 

In  regard  to  my  own  surname,  I  admit  that 
this  is  most  diflicult  to  determine.  The  deriva- 
tion of  it  for  "  Erin-vine,  a  stout  Westland  man," 
is  doubtful — I  should  say  more  than  doubtful. 

The  reference  to  the  Drum  family  does  not 
help  us  in  the  least.  It  is  true  enough  that  in 
Nisbet's  Heraldry  their  surname  is  given  as  Irvine, 
but  in  the  ballad  of  the  "  Battle  of  Harelaw  " 
you  have  — 

"  Gude  Sir  Allexander  Irving, 
The  much  renownet  laird  of  Drum  "  ; 


and  in  one  of  the  nearly  contemporaneous  records, 
"Alexander  de  Incyn,  dominus  de  Drum."  (Act 
Pari,  ii.  525.) 

As  to  Vere  or  Weir  the  case  is,  however,  much 
more  apparent.  It  is  true  enough  that  the  form 
Weir  is  continually  met  with  in  Lanarkshire  at 
the  present  day ;  but  the  name  has  evidently  the 
same  origin  as  that  of  Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford,  as 
witness  the  family  motto,  Nihil  veriits. 

Reverting  to  the  Irvines,  Axglo-Scotus  is  cer- 
taintly  a  bold  man  when  he  pronounces  Drum  to 
be  the  chieftain.  This  has  been  a  questio  vexata  for 
long.  It  turns  on  the  disputed  fact  whether  the 
founder  of  the  Drum  family,  in  the  time  of  the 
Bruce,  was  the  first  or  second  son  of  Irvine  of  - 
Bonshaw.  In  regard  to  which  I  can  (after  care- 
fully examining  the  matter)  come  to  no  other 
conclusion  than  that  there  is  much  to  be  said  on 
both  sides.  Geokge  Veke  Irving. 

Regimental  Court  Martial  (3'*^  S.  xi.  313.) 
From  "  the  Queen's  regulations  and  orders  for  the 
army,"  it  appears  that  every  regiment  is  obliged 
to  keep  a  "  Court  Martial  Book,"  which 

"  is  to  contain  a  correct  entry  of  the  proceedings  of  every 
regimental  Court  Martial  .  .  .  This  book  is  to  con- 
sist of  loose  sheets  of  foolscap  paper,  secured  together  in 
a  guard  book  but  not  bound  ;  so  that  when  the  soldier 
to  whom  they  relate  shall  be  transferred,  or  become  non- 
effective, they  may  (after  a  period  of  two  3'ears)  be 
removed  or  destroyed,  with  the  exception  of  those  re- 
lating to  deserters," 

If  a  regiment  is  stationed  at  home,  the  minutes 
of  Courts  Martial  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Judge- 
Advocate-General,  H.  FlSHWICK. 

Male  and  Female  Births  (3"^  S.  xi.  301,)— 
It  has  often  been  remarked— and  the  writer  can 
bear  personal  testimony  to  the  fact  —  that  the 
courtesans  of  India,  and  more  especially  Cash- 
mere, generally  produce  female  offspring.  At  any 
rate  in  their  separated  communities  the  children 
nursed  are  almost  altogether  female.  I  admit, 
however,  that  in  a  country  where  infanticide  is  so 
common,*  the  effect  may  be  accounted  for  by  the 
**  taking  off "  of  male  children  from  economical 
motives,  3, 

ScHiPTONE  (S''^  S,  xi.  296.) — Schiptone-under- 
Whicwode  is  Shipton-under-Wychwood,  a  parish 
four  miles  north  north-east  from  Burford,  Oxford- 
shire, the  residence  of  Sir  John  Chandos  Reade, 
Bart.  It  takes  it  name  from  the  old  forest  of 
Wychwood,  now  assorted  and  made  a  parish. 

Wm.  Wing. 

Bath  Cathedral,  Rochefotxcault  Family 
(o"'''  S.  ix.  390.) — The  inscription  inquired  for  by 
your  correspondent  David  C.  A.  Agneav  is  still 
preserved  in  the  chancel  of  the  Abbey  Church  of 
Bath.     At  the  top  of  the  stone  are  the  following 


Almost  as  common  as  in  our  own  ? 


426 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Mat  25,  '67. 


arms ;  the  tinctures  are  not  indicated : — Quarterly, 
Ist  and  4th,  a  bend ;  2nd  and  3rd,  within  a  bor- 
dure  three  bars,  over  all  three  chevrons ;  en  an 
escutcheon,  a  lion  rampant.  The  shield  is  en- 
circled with  the  riband  and  badge  of  the  order  of 
the  Elephant,  surmounted  with  a  coronet.  The 
inscription  is  as  follows :  — 

"  Fredericus  de  Koj'e  de  la  Rochefoucauld,  Comes 
de  Eoye  de  Roucj'  et  Lifford,  Nobilis  Elephantini  Ordinis 
Eques,  Natalibus  Opibus  Gloria  Militari,  quod  majus  est, 
Fide  erga  Religionem  inclytus,  decessit  die  9  Jun.  An. 
1690,  ^tat.  57." 

Chas,  p.  Russell, 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Bath  Royal 
Literary  and  Scientific  Institution. 

BxTMBLEPijppT  (3'''*  S.  X.  207,  &c.)  —  I  am  re- 
joiced to  see  from  "  N.  &  Q."  that  there  is  a  name 
for  this  game.  No  one  here  knows  any.  In  the 
verandah  stands  a  wooden  erection,  not  unlike  a 
flat-topped  drawing-room  escritoire ;  nine  holes 
perforated  in  the  top,  which  communicate  by 
concealed  passages  with  numbered  hoppers. 
Players  throw  small  flat  pieces  of  lead,  and  count 
as  they  reach  the  hoppers.  The  holes  leading  to 
the  three  highest  numbers— 190,  180,  and  100— 
are  guarded  by  a  small  arch  of  wire  and  by  a 
revolving  lid.  It  is  chiefly  played  by  the  French 
frequenting  the  hotel.  There  is  another  form  of 
the  game,  played  on  board  the  P.  and  0.  steamers. 
A  board,  forming  an  inclined  plane  and  divided 
into  numbered  squares,  is  placed  on  deck,  and 
pieces  of  lead  covered  with  canvas  thrown  at  it. 
If  I  ever  heard  a  name  for  it,  I  have  forgotten  it. 
I  certainly  never  heard  it  called  "  bumblepuppy." 
Can  this  name  be  a  corruption  of  "tumble- 
puppet  "  ?  It  may  have  once  been  complicated 
with  an  ''Aunt  Sally"  figure.  J.  Dyxes  C, 

Curepipe  Hotel,  Mauritius. 

P.S.  I  have  to-day  discovered  that  the  French 
name  is  tonneau. 

Spelman's  Neep  (3"^  S.  iii.  251.)— I  have  a  series 
of  volumes  illustrative  of  the  voyages  of  Dampier 
and  his  comrades,  and  that  of  Woodes  Rogers 
(2nd  edit.  1718)  gives  the  passage  in  p.  398 
differently  from  that  quoted  by  your  correspon- 
dent, and  supplies  an  explanation,  viz.  "  Half  a 
Leaguer  of  Spelman's  Neep  or  the  best  sort  of  Ar- 
rack." 

Laitcastkieijsis. 

Battle  op  Ivey  (3"^  S.  xi.  263.)  — "Now 
Mayenne  lost  the  battle  very  much  from  his  de- 
ficiency of  artillery,"— but  Lord  Macaulay  does 
not  say  that  the  "roaring  culverin"  was  on  the 
side  of  the  Leaguers  ?  P.  A.  L. 

Esquires  (S'^  S.  xi.  312.)— A  person  not  other- 
wise_  entitled  to  the  rank  of  "  Esquire  "  does  not 
obtain  it  by  becoming  a  member  of  a  chartered 
society.     If  proof  were  wanting  of  this,  it  would 


be  afforded  by  the  charter  granted  by  George  11. 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  in  which 
the  names  of  the  then  council  of  that  society  are 
thus  set  forth  :  — 

"  Our  right  trusty  and  well-beloved  cousin,  Eichard, 
viscount  Fitzwilliam ; 

"  Our  right  tnisty  and  well-beloved  Hugh,  lord  Wil- 
loughby  of  Parham ; 

"Our  trusty  and  well-beloved  Sir  John  Evelyn,  bar'; 
Sir  Joseph  Ayloffe,  bar*  ;  Sir  Clement  Cottrell  Dor- 
mer, K' ; 

"James  West,  James  Theobald,  Charles  Compton, 
Philip  Yorke,  Samuel  Gale,  Edward  Umfreville,  Philip 
Carteret  Webb,  and  Daniel  Wray,  esquh-es ; 

"  John  Ward,  d''  of  laws  ;  Jeremiah  Milles,  D'  of  Divi- 
nity ;  Cromwell  Mortimer,  d''  in  physic  ;  Richard  Raw- 
linson,  d''  of  laws  ;  Browne  Willes,  d''  of  laws ; 

"  George  Vertue  and  Joseph  Ames,  gentlemen." 

Job  J.  B.  Woekard. 

"Jesu,  dtjlcis  memoeia"  (3'"'^  S.  xi.  271.) — I 
beg  to  say  in  answer  to  F.  C.  H.  that  I  made  no 
mistake  in  my  description  of  the  authorship  of 
"Jesus,  the  only  thought  of  Thee."  The  sentence 
in  the  place  referred  to  by  F.  C.  H  is  this,  "The 
hymn  in  the  Garden  of  the  Soul  beginning  with 
these  words  ['  Jesu,  the  only  thought  of  Thee '], 
endeared  to  Catholics  by  long  and  devout  use,  is 
not  now  read  as  it  was  first  written  by  its  com- 
poser." 

I  never  supposed,  and  do  not  suppose  now,  that 
readers  in  general  would  be  guilty  of  the  absur- 
dity of  supposing  that  statement  to  refer  to  the 
original  hymn  of  St.  Bernard,  the  first  words  of 
which,  "  Jesu,  dulcis  memoria,"  I  prefixed  to  the 
English  version  which  I  reprinted 'from  the  Primer 
of  1673.  And  I  am  utterly  at  a  loss  to  under- 
stand what  could  have  suggested  to  F.  C.  H.  that 
I  was  "  not  aware  that  what  appears  in  Catholic 
prayer-books  is  only  a  free  translation,"  &c. 

I  supposed,  and  suppose  still,  that  the  version 
which  I  quoted  was  composed  by  Dryden.  I  am 
sorry  to  say  that  I  did  not  make  a  note  of  my 
authority,  but  it  satisfied  me  when  I  obtained  it. 
The  real  difficulty  lies,  not  in  seeing  Dryden  a 
translator  of  the  hymn  before  he  was  a  Catholic, 
but  in  its  appearance  in  the  Primer  of  1673.  But 
many  causes  might  be  alleged  to  show  that  such 
a  circumstance  was  not  impossible.  F.  C.  H.  is 
unable  to  suggest  any  other  name  to  supplant 
Dryden's.  The  Weitee  op  the  Aeticle, 

Oltmpia  Moeata  (3''''  S.  xi.  297.) — There  was 
an  English  life  of  the  above  Protestant  heroine 
published  by  Smith  &  Elder,  2nd  edition,  1835, 
and  edited  by  the  author  of  Seliorjn,  &c.  [i.  e. 
Mrs.  Gillespie  Smith,  I  believe].  I  picked  up  my 
copy  off"  a  book-stall  for  a  couple  of  shillings  some 
few  years  ago.  At  page  291-2  is  her  description 
of  her  escape  from  Schweinfurt,  unclothed,  except 
a  "linen  shift,  barefooted,  with  hair  in  disorder, 
looking  like  the  queen  of  the  beggars." 

Aechimedes. 


Sfd  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


427 


MOUSQTJETAIKES  (3'^  S.  xi.  313.) — 

"  The  Mousquetaires  consisted  of  two  companies  selected 
from  the  young  men  of  the  best  families  in  France.  The 
King  was  captain  of  each.  .  .  .  The  uniform  of  the 
JMousquetaires  was  scarlet,  with  scarlet  cuffs  and  lining. 
The  1st  Company'  had  their  ornaments,  lace,  and  buttons 
of  gold;  the  2nd  of  silver.  The  uniform  of  D'Artagnan 
and  the  superior  officers  was  embroidered  with  gold  and 
silver,  according  to  their  company,  and  they  were  styled 
officiers  a  hausse-col,  as  they  usually  wore  gorgets  and 
breast-plates.  They  wore  white  feathers  in  their  broad 
cavalier  hats,  and  were  armed  with  sword,  dagger,  and 
musket.  Each  company  had  one  flag  and  two  standards. 
The  former  was  used  when  they  served  afoot,  the  latter 
were  only  uncased  when  they  served  on  horseback." 

I  suppose  from  the  fact  of  tlieir  being  both  in- 
fantry and  cavalry  that  H,  D.  M's  difficulty  arose. 
The  standards  mentioned  are,  I  suppose,  really 
banners — not  long  flags,  the  length  at  least  nine 
times  the  width.  The  Mousquetaires  Gris  were 
enrolled  in  1622,  and  the  Mousquetaires  Noires 
in  1667,  one  squadron  of  each. 

The  part  in  inverted  commas  is  from  pp.  52-53 
of  a  railway  book,  by  James  Grant,  entitled  The 
Constable  of  France  and  other  Military  Historiettes. 
JoHK  Davidson. 

The  following  is  from  Bescherelle's  Dictionnaire 
Nationale,  Paris,  1857  :  — 

"  Mousquetaire,  s.  m.  Dans  I'origine,  soldat  a  pied  arme 
du  mousquet. 

"  S'est  dit  ensuite  exclusivement  de  certains  cavaliers 
qui  formaient,  dans  la  maison  du  roi,  deux  compagnies 
distingue'es  I'une  de  I'autre  par  la  couleur  de  leurs  che- 
vaux.  Mousquetaires  gris.  Mousquetaires  noirs.  Entrer 
dans  les  Mpusquetaires.     Sortir  des  Mousquetaires. 

"  Les  Mousquetaires  furent  supprimes  en  1775,  retablis 
en  1789,  supprime's  en  1791,  retablis  de  nouveau  en  1814, 
et  abolis  definitivement  en  1815." 

I  am  sorry  the  above  article  does  not  give  the 
origin  of  the  Mousquetaires.  W.  D. 

Baskekville  House  (3"*  S.  xi.  314.) — Basker- 
ville  House  was  built  by  John  Baskerville,  and 
much  enlarged  by  John  Ryland,  Esq.  It  was 
situated  nearly  in  the  centre  of  Birmingham,  and 
surrounded  by  Easy  Row,  Cambridge  Street, 
Crescent  Wharfs,  St.  Martin's  Place,  and  Broad 
Street,  and  was  destroyed  in  1791  during  the 
riots  of  that  year.  William  Willey. 

Birmingham. 

Alscott,  the  Seat  of  Mes.  West  (3'"*  S.  xi. 
314)  is  a  few  miles  from  Stratford-on-Avon,  be- 
tween that  town  and  Shipston-on-Stour,  in  the 
county  of  Gloucester,  but  closely  adjoining  War- 
wickshire. 

Baskerville  House  is  probably  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  Birmingham.  The  Ryland  family 
were  eminent  merchants  of  that  town:  their 
heiress,  Miss  Ryland,  resides  at  Sherborne,  near 
Warwick,  and  has  lately  built  a  magnificent 
church  at  that  place.        Thos.  E.  Winnixgtoit. 


Archbishop  Morton  (3''*  S.  xi.  235,  307.)  — 
The  life  of  Archbishop  Morton  is  described  in  the 
fifth  volume,  lately  published,  of  The  Archbishops 
of  Canterbury,  by  Dean  Hook. 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

Bishop  Hay  {Z'^  S.  xi.  312.)— In  the  Catholic 
Directory  for  ]  842  will  be  found  a  very  interest- 
ing biographical  memoir  of  Bishop  Hay.  It  is 
abridged  from  his  Life  by  the  Rev.  Alexander 
Cameron,  Rector  of  the  Scotch  College  at  Val- 
ladolid.  In  the  brief  notice  quoted  from  the 
Catholic  Directory  for  1867,  he  is  called  Bishop 
of  Daulia,  which  should  be  Daiilis.  I  believe  he 
was  consecrated  by  Bishop  Grant.  The  principal 
works  of  Bishop  Hay  are :  Letters  on  Usury  and 
Interest ;  The  Scriptu7-e  Doctrine  of  Miracles  Dis- 
played, 2  vols.  12mo,  1789 ;  The  Sincei-e  Christian, 
2  vols.  1781  and  1793;  The  Devout  Christian, 
being  a  sequel  to  the  former,  2  vols.  1783 ;  The 
Pious  Christian,  being  a  Third  Part  to  the  two 
preceding,  and  in  one  volume.  This  was  pub- 
lished at  Edinburgh  in  1795,  with  a  charming 
vignette  of  a  pelican  feeding  her  young,  with  the 
motto  Impendere  et  superimpendi.  The  book  pub- 
lished in  London  and  Derby  in  1856,  An  Inquiry 
whether  Salvation  can  be  had  tvithout  trtte  Faith, 
8fc.,  is  merely  an  extract  from  Bp.  Hay's  Sincere 
Christian,  of  which  it  forms  an  Appendix  to  vol.  ii. 
Whether  the  other  work,  An  Explication  of  the 
Holy  Sacrifice  of  the  Mass,  by  G.  H.  was  by  Bp. 
Hay,  I  do  not  know,  but  it  is  most  probable  that 
it  was.  F.  C.  H. 

There  is  a  very  interesting  memoir  of  Dr.  Geo. 
Hay  in  the  preface  to  the 

"  Sincere  Christian  instructed  in  the  Faith  of  Christ 
from  the  Written  Word.  2  vols.  Published  by  Thos. 
Eichardson  &  Son,  26,  Paternoster  Row,  and  Derby, 
Price  2s.,  for  the  Catholic  Book  Society.     1843." 

G.  F.  KiGHLEY. 

Poem  by  Maurice  0' Cornell  (3''*  S.  xi.  214, 
359.) — This  very  clever  poem  by  a  youth  of  four- 
teen well  deserves  preservation  in  the  pages  of 
"N.  &  Q."  It  was  printed,  however,  shortly 
after  its  recital  at  Oscott,  in  the  Catholieon,  a 
magazine  published  in  Birmingham,  which  was  a 
continuation  of,  or  sequel  to,  the  Catholic  Maga- 
zine, issued  from  1831  to  1835.  The  poem  ap- 
peared in  the  concluding  number  of  the  Catholieon, 
at  p.  521,  The  author  was  certainly  a  youth  of 
rare  talents,  and  the  Oscott  Exhibition  at  Mid- 
summer, 1836,  afforded  him  ample  scope  for  the 
exertion  of  them.  He  was  then  in  the  second 
half  year  of  rhetoric,  and  on  that  occasion  he  not 
only  delivered  this  poem,  but  also  spoke  a  pro- 
logue of  his  own  composition,  and  a  speech  of  his 
own  in  a  debate  on  the  Crusades,  besides  per- 
forming a  part  in  some  scenes  from  Moliere's 
Bourgeois  Gentilhomme,  and  playing  with  another 
youth  in  a  duet  on  the  pianoforte.  F.  C.  H. 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67. 


Reading  in  Shelley's  "Cloijd"  {S'^  S.  xi. 
311.) — G-.  R.  K.  deserves  the  thanks  of  all  who 
value  purity  of  text  for  pointing  out  the  unfor- 
tunate misprint  in  Shelley's  "Cloud."  This  error 
does  not  occur  in  what  is,  I  believe,  the  best  edi- 
tion of  his  poetical  works — the  one  volume  8vo, 
edited  by  Mrs.  Shelley. 

A  singular  mistake  occurs  in  Mr.  Francis 
Turner  Palgrave's  Golden  Treasury.  At  p.  284 
lie  gives  Shelley's  beautiful  verses  "  written 
among  the  Euganean  Hills/'  but  leaves  out  many 
of  the  lines  near  the  beginning.  It  must  be  a 
mistake,  not  an  intentional  mutilation  of  the  text, 
as  the  editor  says  in  his  preface — "  The  poems  are 
printed  entire,  except  in  a  very  few  instances 
(specified  in  the  notes)  where  a  stanza  has  been 
omitted."  The  notes  do  not  indicate  that  any- 
thing is  wanting  here.  The  error  has  doubtless 
arisen  from  Mr.  Palgrave  having  used  one  of  the 
early  editions  where  the  poet's  works  are  given 
imperfectly.  Corntjb. 

In  my  edition  of  Shelley's  poems  (Moxon, 
1861),  the  line  quoted  by  G.  R.  K.  is  correctly 
printed  as 

"  The  sweet  huds  every  one." 
In  Chambers's  Cyclopedia  of  English  Literature, 
however,  I  find  bii-di  substituted  for  buds.  Buds 
is  undoubtedly  the  right  reading.  Apropos  of 
this  subject,  how  could  Mr.  F.  T.  Palgrave  find 
it  in  his  heart  to  omit  this  exquisite  poem  from 
his  delightful  Golden  Treasury  ?  A  volume  which 
professes  to  be  a  treasury  of  the  best  English 
lyrics  ought  to  contain  both  Shellev's  "  Cloud  " 
and  Lord  Byron's  ''Isles  of  Greece'."  Mr.  Pal- 
grave evidently  possesses  such  exquisite  poetical 
taste  that  I  have  often  wondered  how  so  accom- 
plished a  critic  could  omit  these  two  poems  from 
his  anthology.  Jonathan  Boitchiee. 

VoNDEL  (2,'^  S.  xi.  314.)— Specimens  of  Vondel's 
poetry,  translated  into  English,  will  be  found  in 
Bowring's  Batavian  Anthology.  F.  R.  S. 

DOMTTS  CONVERSOEIJM  {^'^  S.  xi.  377.)— In 
answer  to  Mr.  George  Lloyd's  inquiry  as  to  this 
house,  I  beg  to  inform  him  that,  in  pp.  327-332 
of  the  third  volume  of  my  Judges  of  Bngland,  he 
will  find  a  full  account  of  this  establishment,  of 
its  successive  keepers,  and  of  its  ultimate  appro- 
priation to  the  of&ce  of  Master  of  the  Rolls,  ex- 
tracted from  the  Foedera,  the  Close  Rolls,  and 
other  records  of  the  kingdom. 

The  house  was  founded  by  Henry  III.,  about 
1232,  for  the  reception  of  Jewish  converts.  The 
keepers  were  almost  invariably  ecclesiastics.  In 
the  first  year  of  Edward  II.  Adam  de  Osgodby, 
then  Master  of  the  Rolls,  was  appointed  keeper 
for  life,  and  from  that  time  till  the  last  year  of 
Edward  III.  it  was  generally  held  by  that' officer, 
when  it  was  ultimately  annexed  to  the  office  of 


Master  of  the  Rolls.  After  the  banishment  of 
the  Jews  in  1290,  the  diminished  number  of  con- 
verts seldom  exceeded  five,  and  gradually  left  the 
whole  localit}^  for  the  legal  offices  which  the  in- 
crease of  chancery  business  rendered  necessary. 
The  last  account  of  the  converts  is  in  6  James  I. 
1608.  Edavard  Foss. 

Swan  Marks  (1^'  S.  yiii.  256  ;  3'*  S.  xi.  316.) 
Mr.  Edward  Peacock  inquires  for  "  any  unpub- 
lished rolls  or  books  on  swan  marks."  In  the  edi- 
torial answer  various  books  and  MSS.  are  named; 
but  as  I  do  not  find  the  following  amongst  them, 
I  send  a  brief  note  of  it : — In  the  Chetham  Li- 
brary, Manchester,  is  a  small  folio  IMS.  volume 
on  vellum,  written  in  1617:  "A  Collection  of 
Swan  Marks  for  the  river  Thames,  with  the 
Names  of  Owners."  On  the  first  leaf  is  given 
"  The  Gamester's  Oath,'   beginning  — 

"  You  shall  be  of  good  behaviour  toward  the  Game  of 
Swans,  wherein  you  shall  not  do  any  harm,  suffer  to 
your  power  anj'  to  be  done,  neyther  niedle  with  or  take 
up  any  swans  or  cygnett  without  special  warrant  or 
tycence  from  the  Master  of  the  Game  of  Swans,  or  his 
deput}',"  &c. 

The  terms  "gamester"  and  "game"  seem  to 
suggest  a  table-play  or  sport,  as  "The  Royal 
Game  of  the  Goose";  but  it  would  seem  that 
swans  were  deemed  "  game,"  as  stags,  &c.  are ; 
and  that  there  was  a  master,  a  deputy,  and  "  game- 
sters," or  keepers,  of  the  swans  of  certain  owners 
on  the  Thames.  This  MS.  was  formerly  in  the 
possession  of  Thomas  Barritt,  a  local  antiquary. 
Mr.  Halliwell  states  that  a  similar  MS.  is  preserved 
in  the  library  of  the  Royal  Society.  Crux. 

I  have  an  unpublished  book  of  swan  marks, 
made  on  Oct.  8,  in  the  29th  year  of  Elizabeth. 
This  book  contains  the  names  of  persons  residing 
in  the  Isle  of  Ely.  I  shall  be  happy  to  give  Me. 
Peacock  any  information  with  reference  to  it. 
Can  you  inform  me  where  I  can  see  "  Lot  468  "  of 
Mr.  Dawson  Turner's  MSS.,  as  I  much  desire  to 
see  the  table  of  swan  laws  at  the  end  of  the 
volume,  my  book  being  deficient  in  that  par- 
ticular. C.  R.  Colvile. 

Polymanteia  (3"J  S.  xi.  215,  306.)  — "A  Col- 
lection of  interesting  Fragments  in  Prose  and 
Verse,"  under  the  title  of  Polyanthea,  was  pub- 
lished in  1804  in  2  vols.  8vo.  The  contents 
chiefly  consist,  as  the  title  further  expresses,  of 
"  Original  Anecdotes,  Biographical  Sketches,  Dia- 
logues, Letters,  Characters,"  &c.*      J.  Macray. 

Roberts  Family  (3"*  S.  xi.  314.)  —  I  imagine 
that  the  parish'  church  of  Llangedwin  alluded  to 
by  your  correspondent  E.  J.  Roberts  is  in  Den- 
bighshire, and  not  in  Montgomeryshire ;  and  in  the 
same  village  is  a  seat  of  Sir  'Watkin  Williams 
Wynn.     It  is  a  sweet  retired  nook,  and  a  well- 

[*  See  "  N.  &  Q."  S'^  S.  xi.  401.— Ed.] 


3'd  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


429 


known  resort  of  the  disciples  of  old  Izaak  Walton, 
plenty  of  scope  for  whose  skill  is  found  in  the 
river  Tanat,  which  runs  close  to  the  sequestered 
churchyard.  I  have  always  understood  that  the 
learned  and  pious  E.  "SV.  Evans,  Archdeacon  of 
Westmoreland,  who  was  born  in  the  adjacent 
parish  of  Llanymynech,  described  much  of  the 
scenery  in  Llanpredwin  and  the  neighbourhood  in 
his  interesting  little  volume,  The  Rectory  of  J'ale- 
head — once  a  very  popular  book,  but  now  almost 
forgotten.  The  scenery  at  Llangedwin,  and  in 
the  neighbourhood,  is  picturesque  and  romantic 
in  the  greatest  degree ;  and  at  the  extremity  of 
the  valley,  some  miles  distant,  is  Pistyll-Rhaiw'der, 
or  the  Spout  of  the  Cataract — the  highest  water- 
fall in  Xorth  Wales.  Oxoxiexsis. 

Horsmonden,  co.  Kent. 

"WhexAdait  delved,"  etc.  (3"*  S.  xi.  192, 
323.) — The  above  sentiment  seems  to  have  been  a 
proverbial  expression  in  the  middle  ages,  as,  in 
addition  to  its  use  by  Parson  Ball  and  his  fellow 
insurgents,  it  occurs  in  one  of  the  poems  of 
Richard  Rolle  de  Hampole,  lately  published  by 
the  Early  English  Text  Society  in  Heligious 
Pieces  in  Prose  ami  Verse  (Xo.  26,  the  third  pub- 
lication for  the  present  year)  p.  79 :  — 

"  When  Adam  dalfe  and  Eue  spans. 
So  spire  if  thou  may  spede, 
Whare  was  than  the  pride  of  man, 
That  nowe  merres  his  mede  ? 
"  Of  erthe  and  lame  as  was  Adam, 
Xakede  to  noye  and  nede. 
We  er,  als  he,  naked  to  be, 
Whills  -we  this  lyfe  sail  lede." 

I  have  seen  some  other  allusions  to  the  lame- 
ness of  Adam  after  his  expulsion  from  Paradise, 
but  forget  where  I  met  with  them.  Was  it  one 
of  the  traditions  of  the  dark  ages  ?  I  should  be 
thankful  if  some  of  your  correspondents  would 
have  the  kindness  to  give  us  some  information 
upon  this  legend.  James  Bladon'. 

Albion  House,  Pont-y-Pool. 

A  second  P.S.  to  Mr.  Woodward's  query,  and 
another  reading,  and  perhaps  the  original  German 
distich :  — 

"  Da  Adam  hackt  und  Eva  spann, 
Wer  war  daraals  der  Edelmann  ?  " 

A  satirical  wag,  having  written  this  couplet  on 
a  wall  near  the  palace  where  the  Emperor  Maxi- 
milian was  tracing  out  his  pedigree,  occasioned 
from  the  Emperor  the  following  reply :  — 

"  Ich  bin  ein  Mann  wie  ein  ander  Mann, 
Nur  dass  mir  Gott  die  Ehre  gann." 

"  I  am  a  man  like  another  man, 
Only  that  God  gave  honour  to  me." 

William  Platt. 

Conser\'ative  Club. 

Tombstones  and  their  Inscriptions  (3'*  S. 
iv.  226,  317}  V.  78,  308,)— The  churchyard  of 


Greyfriars,  in  Edinburgh,  has  been  (or  rather 
soon  will  be,  according  to  an  advertisement  which 
has  appeared,)  the  subject  of  record  in  the  way 
so  often  recommended  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  by  the  pre- 
servation of  the  epitaphs  contained  in  it.  To  Mr. 
James  Brown,  the  keeper  of  the  ground,  we  are 
indebted  for  this,  we  believe,  first  step,  at  least  in 
Scotland,  in  a  parochial  sense,  for  the  publication 
of  monumental  inscriptions.  An  elaborate  his- 
torical introduction,  by  an  eminent  antiquary, 
will  be  prefixed  to  Mr.  Brown's  work,  with  views 
of  the  earlier  and  most  interesting  monuments,  a 
copious  index,  &c.  It  was  while  seated  on  a 
tombstone  in  the  cathedral  precincts  of  Peter- 
borough, in  1863,  and  conversing  with  an  old  man 
there — evidently,  like  myself,  a  bit  of  an  anti- 
quary —  that  the  thought  occurred  to  me  what  a 
vast  amount  of  information,  relating  to  individuals 
and  families,  is  constantly  lost  from  the  epitaphs 
in  churchyards  being  suffered  to  perish.  Under 
the  influence  of  this  feeling  I  wrote  the  re- 
marks signed  "  Anttquarixts,"  which  appeared  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  Sept.  19,  1863.  These  remarks,  it 
would  seem,  led  to  the  valuable  commimications 
of  Mr.  Hutchinson  and  other  correspondents; 
and  will  have,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  a  permanent  good 
effect.  J.  Macray, 

Oxford. 

John  Search  (3'''*  S.  xi.  325.) — I  confess  myself 
sorry  to  be  robbed  of  the  work  mentioned  under 
this  pseudonym  for  W.  H.  Ashurst,  which  I  have 
ascribed  to  him  since  the  note  of  your  correspon- 
dent Mr.  Christopher  Barker:  perhaps  this 
gentleman  will  favour  you  or  me  with  the  titles 
of  the  works  which  INIi-.  Ashurst  wrote  under  the 
name  of  John  Search.  After  examination,  I  do 
not  doubt  that  the  work  alluded  to  is  by  a  divine, 
and  not  by  a  lawyer;  and  the  peculiarities  of 
style,  especially  the  frequent  occurrence  of  italics, 
point  to  Archbishop  Whately.  It  is  not  men- 
tioned in  the  life  by  ]Miss  Wiaately — a  book  very 
deficient  in  bibliographical  information,  a  most 
important  part  in  the  life  of  so  great  an  author. 

In  "  Peligion  and  her  Name,  a  Metrical  Tract, 
with  Notes,  hj  John  Search,  author  of  Consider a- 
tions  on  the  La70  of  Libel  as  relating  to  Publications 
of  Peligion,"  London,  Ridgway,  1841,  royal  8vo 
(iv.  124),  5s.,  we  find  these  observations  :  — 

"  In  resuming  on  this  occasion  the  signature  prefixed 
by  him  some  years  ago  to  a  pamphlet  on  the  subject  of 
Eeligious  Libel,  the  author  of  these  stanzas  takes  the 
opportunity'  of  stating  that,  except  in  the  present  in- 
stance, and  in  that  of  the  pamphlet  alluded  to,  he  is  not 
accountable  for  anything  that  may  have  appeared  under 
the  signature  of  Johx  Search.  "  He  is  led  to  mention 
this  from  the  circumstance  of  some  other  writer  having 
assumed  the  same  signature,  about  a  twelvemonth  more 
or  less  after  he  had  adopted  it ;  and  forthwith  prefixed  it 
to  sundry  publications  of  his  own.  He  would  also  depre- 
cate, could  he  think  it  necessary,  the  supposition  that  he 
could  have  meant  by  such  title'to  imply  any  sort  of  pre- 


430 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XL  Mat  25,  '67. 


tensions  as  regards  the  peculiar  qualifications  for  learned 
research." — Preface. 

With  regard  to  the  Co7isiderations  on  the  Laio 
of  Libel  exciting  "  little  attention,"  I  must  with 
respect  differ  in  opinion.  It  was  reviewed  in  the 
Edinburgh  Review  for  1834  (Iviii.  387)  and  the 
Laio  Magazine,  and  highly  praised  in  both.  The 
•writer  in  the  former  declares  he  did  not  know 
the  author,  which  I  doubt.  The  latter  says  it  is 
"a  very  able  pamphlet."  Ralph  Thomas. 

1,  Powis  Place,  W.C. 

IMen's  Heads  covered  rsr  CHtrRCH  (S'*^  S.  xi. 

-■     223.)  —  In  the  Swiss  Protestant  churches  of  the 

•  ■     Canton  de  Vaud,  we  always  find  a  number  of  the 

■      older  members  wearing    their  hats   during  the 

singing  and  the  sermon.     The  head  is,  however, 

:    always  uncovered  at  the  name  of  Jesus,  and  also 

;      during  the  prayers  and  reading  of  the  lessons,  and 

-     when  any   sentence  at  all  resembling  a  prayer 

occurs  in  the  sermon.  S.  Jacksok. 

Apropos  of  Safa's  inquiry,  I  beg  to  add  the 

following  notes :  — 

-  "  When  Jesus  is  named,  then  off  goeth  the  cap,  and 

,    downe  goeth  the   knees,   wyth  such  a  scraping  of  the 

-"    ground."  —  Advfumition   to   Parliament,  by   Thos.   Cart- 

6-'    Wright,  1572. 

^  "  If  one  passing  through  a  church  should  put  ofi"  his 
<;i  hat,  there  is  a  giddy  and  malignant  race  of  people  (for 
^  indeed  they  are  the  true  malignants)  who  will  give  out 
<-^  that  he  is  running  post  to  Kome." — Howell's  Familiar 
f.       Letters,  temp.  Charles  I. 

P.  E.  M. 
An  old  E^^geavlng:  Heraldry  (S"""*  S.  xi. 
325.)  —  I  possess  an  engraving  of  Sir  William 
Segar's  portrait,  Garter  King-at-Arms  teynp.  Eliz., 
by  Francis  Delaram — "  are  to  be  sould  \sic)  by 
Thomas  Jenner  at  the  Whit  beare  in  Cornewell  " 
(qy.  Cornhill).  A  pencilled  note  records  it  to 
have  fetched  six  guineas  at  *'  the  Musgrave  sale." 
When  did  that  sale  take  place  ?  * 

_  Sir  William's  family  bearings,  quartered  with 
his  official  cross  fleury,  are  surmounted  with  the 
crest  (official  also,  I  presume,)  of  a  pair  of  spread 
wings  issuant  from  a  ducal  coronet,  between  which 
stands  a  caduceus  with  its  two  serpents  entvsdned. 
I  mention  this  as  illustrative  perhaps  of  the 
Eastern  sovereignty  referred  to  by  F.  C.  B. 

E.  L.  S. 
Parsley  (3^i  S.  xi.  312.)— I  can  add  to  Sp.'s 
remarks  on  the  apiutn  of  Horace,  and  its  deriva- 
tion, what  Joannis  Ravisii  Teoctoris  Epithetorum 
Opus  says  of  it :  — 

"  Apium  herba  est  amari  succi,  folia  habens  petrosolino 
similia  sed  aliquanto  majora.  Juv.  viii.  226 :  '  Graise- 
que  apium  meruisse  coronse.'  Hinc  nomea  accepit  ab 
apice,  cui  superponebatur.  Olim  quoque  monumenta  de- 
functorum  apio  coronabantur." 

[*  Sir  Wm.  Musgrave's  Collection  of  English  Portraits 
was  sold  by  Mr.  W.  Richardson,  of  the  Strand,  between 
Feb.  3  and  March  17, 1800.  The  sale  lasted  thirtj^-one 
days. — Ed.  ] 


He  quotes  Virgil :  "  Floribus  atque  apio  crines 
ornantur  amaro."  And  Columella:  "Nunc  apio  vi- 
ridi  crispetur  florida  tellus,  quoniam  diu  virescit,  nee 
aret  "  ;  and  "  Aurea  plectra  apio  cunctis  viridante 
movebat"  (Petrarch),  as  well  as  two  from  Horace. 

I  append  a  note  in  my  Juvenal :  — 

"  Nero  carried  away  the  parslej'  crown,  or  chaplet,  in 
the  Nemean  games  from  the  Greek  music-masters.  These 
games  were  celebrated  to  the  memory  of  Archemorus, 
young  son  of  Lycurgus,  who  was  killed  by  a  serpent  as 
he  was  playing  upon  a  bed  of  parsley." 

Henry  Moody. 
24,  Charles  Street,  St.  James's,  S.W. 

For  parsley,  substituting  field-grass,  this  mor- 
tuary aspiration  of  survivorship  is  not  unknown  in 
Ireland,  where  the  sentiment  of  love  and  of  hatred 
is  yet  more  "  vivacious  "  than  the  apium  of  Horace's 
festival.      Dean  Swift   notices  it  in  his    house- 
maid's tetradecasyllabics  to  Sheridan  — 
"  You  say  you  Avill  eat  grass  on  his  grave  ;  a  Christian 
eat  grass ! 
Whereby  you  confess  yourself  to  be  a  goose  or  an 
ass." 

E.  L.  S. 

Names  wanted  (3"^  S.  xi.  313.)  — 1.  Or,  a 
griffin  sa.  a  plain  bordure  gu.  is  Boys. 

2.  Or,  a  fesse  dancettee  between  three  cross 
crosslets  fichees  gu.  is  Sandys  of  Ombersley. 

3.  Per  pale  sa.  and  or,  a  chevron  between 
three  bugles  stringed,  all  counterchanged.  This 
coat  looks  like  a  Foster  coat ;  but  I  have  no  au- 
thority for  saying  it  is  one.  I  possess  a  book- 
plate which  may  assist  Mr.  Davidson  in  identifying 
it.  The  plate  shows,  per  pale,  baron  1  and  4  the 
bugle  coat ;  2  and  3  Sandys  of  Ombersley,  femme 
az.  a  fesse  arg.  between  three  mascles  or,  on  the 
fesse  three  cinqfoils  of  the  field. 

Purnell:  The  name  has  been  carefully  rubbed 
out. 

4.  Ar.,  a  chevron  sable  between  three  mullets  {iiot 
pierced)  gu.  is  Liptrap.  The  book-plate  of  "  John 
Liptrap,  Esq'',  F.A.S.,"  shows  this  coat  with  a 
label  of  three  points  in  chief  for  difference,  im- 
paling as  femme,  per  pale  az.  and  vert,  a  saltier 
counterchanged,  a  canton  ermine.  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 

Caucus  (&^  S.  xi.  292.) — Your  correspondent 
is  not  quite  correct  in  his  definition  of  the  word 
caucus.  It  is  not,  as  he  alleges,  applied  to  all  party- 
meetings  in  the  United  States  held  in  secret.  These 
meetings  or  caucuses  are  more  generally  held  in 
public,  though  occasionally  of  course  they  are  held 
in  secret.  They  are  usually  called  by  a  notice 
signed  by  the  chairman  of  the  last  preceding  one, 
requesting  all  members  of  a  certain  political  party 
to  meet  together  for  some  purpose  mentioned  in 
the  notice.  This  may  be  for  nominating  officers 
for  town  or  ward  offices,  or,  what  is  more  usual, 
for  electing  delegates  to  a  city,  county,  or  state 
convention  to  nominate  officers  to  be  elected  at 


3'd  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


431 


general  elections.  Ordinarily  any  person  may  at- 
tend one  of  these  caucuses,  but  nobody  but  a  mem- 
ber of  the  particular  party  calling  this  meeting  is 
allowed  to  participate.  Voting  is  done  at  these 
sometimes  viva  voce,  and  sometimes  ballots  are 
thrown  into  a  hat  which  the  secretary  of  the 
caucus  uses  for  the  purpose. 

I  have  no  doubt,  as  W .  W.  W.  says,  the  word 
caucus  is  a  corruption  of  the  word  calkers,  as  Web- 
ster in  his  American  Dicticmar!/  alleges. 

Many  Americans  remember  the  parody  on  Gray's 
Elecjy,  printed  in  Boston  in  1789  — 

"  That  mob  of  mobs  a  caucus  to  command 

Hurl  with  dissension  round  a  maddening  land." 

The  word  caucus  is  in  very  general  use  in  America. 
W.  W.  Mtjkpht. 

Frankfort-on-the-Main,  Germanj'. 

Stranger  derived  from  "  E."  (S"""*  S.  xi.  295.) 
"  With  whom  did  it  originate  ?  "  is  asked  by  your 
correspondent  S.  W.  P.  I  think  I  can  tell  him. 
With  an  older  nation  than  either  the  English, 
French,  or  Roman — the  Chinese.  The  etymology 
is  rendered  memorable  by  its  being  connected  with, 
though  it  would  be  absurd  to  assign  it  as  even  a 
minor  cause  of,  the  Chinese  war  of  1840.,  Among 
the  insults  alleged  to  have  been  offered  to  Eng- 
land by  the  Chinese  government,  one  was  their 
having  applied  the  epithet  "  barbarian "  to  our 
gracious  Queen.  For  this  the  interpreter,  Mr. 
Morrison,  was  sharply  taken  to  account  by  the 
opponents  of  the  war,  as  having  assigned  to  the 
Chinese  word  "  E  "  a  meaning  that  did  not  belong 
to  it,  as  a  piece  of  disgraceful  ignorance  in  one  who 
ought  to  know  the  language  most  thoroughly. 
What  is  still  stranger,  he  was  the  son  of  the 
author  of  the  Chinese  JDictionanj,  and  among  all 
the  meanings  there  given,  there  is  no  mention  of 
"barbarian"  !  The  word  simply  means  "foreign," 
exactly  the  same  as  extraneous  and  stranger.  That 
Chinese  war  was  the  occasion  of  an  event  so 
singular  and  unprecedented  in  the  history  of 
parties,  that  it  seems  worth  noticing,  though  irre- 
levant to  the  present  question.  That  war  was 
condemned  and  made  the  subject  of  a  vote  of 
want  of  confidence  by  the  whole  of  the  opposition 
in  parliament  and  in  the  daily  and  weekly  press. 
Three  leaders  of  public  opinion  alone  on  that  side 
declared  strongly  against  this  decision,  and  these 
three  were — the  Duke  of  Wellington,  the  QuaHerhj 
Review,  and  Blackwood's  Magazine.  The  result 
is  known :  the  war  was  prosecuted  without  further 
opposition,  the  same  policy  pursued  by  the  new 
ministry  who  came  in  next  year,  and  by  them 
brought  to  a  successful  termination. 

Whether  the  Latin  E  was  derived  from  the 
Chinese,  or  vice  versa,  I  leave  to  those  who  know 
more  of  the  antiquity  of  languages  than  I  do.  It 
seems  clear  that  there  is  a  connection  between 
them,  and  that  the  Chinese  word  suo-gested  the 


etymology.  May  not  "  China  "  itself  be  derived 
from  "  Shinar,"  in  Genesis  xi.  2  ?  I  have  never 
seen  the  suggestion,  but  there  are  many  reasons 
in  favour  of  it.  Hisiorictjs. 

Cleopatra's  Needle  (1^'  S.  iv.  101 ;  3'''  S.  xi. 
307.) — In  1647  Monconys  (Journal  cle  ]'oyages, 
i.  294)  called  it  simply  "  une  eguille  quarree."  On 
the  same  page,  a  little  further  down,  he  says, 
"  Ton  tient  que  le  Palais  de  Cleopatre  etoit  batie  en 
cet  endroit."  He  evidently  supposes  the  "needle" 
to  have  formed  a  part  of  this  "  palace  of  Cleopa- 
tra." This  notion  having  been  established,  the 
next  step  would  be  to  call  the  obelisk  itself  Cleo- 
patra's. May  not  this  have  been  the  origin  of  the 
name  ?  It  may  be  added  that  if  Monconys  had 
consulted  his  Pliny  (xxxvi.  9)  he  would  not  have 
made  the  blunder  of  attributing  to  Cleopatra  what 
was  due  to  one  of  the  Caesars.  S.  W.  P. 

New  York. 

Croydon  Church  {Z'^  S.  xi.  346.)— In  reply  ta 
Mr.  p.  Hutchinson  respecting  the  vaults  of  this 
church,  I  am  able  to  state  that  they  were  in  no 
way  injured  by  the  late  fire,  a  few  of  the  slabs 
covering  the  same  only  being  broken.  It  is  pro- 
posed to  lengthen  the  church,  so  consequently 
some  of  the  vaults  outside  will  be  covered  with 
concrete,  but  those  inside  will  most  probably  re- 
main untouched.  The  whole  of  the  monuments 
will  remain  as  they  were  before  the  fire,  with  the 
exception,  I  believe,  of  Archbishop  Grindall's  (such 
at  least  is  the  present  intention).  Mr.  Hutchin- 
son is  probably  aware  of  the  fact  that  most  of  the 
vaults  are  very  shallow,  none  of  them  exceeding, 
two  feet  six  inches  in  depth;  this  is  in  conse- 
quence of  the  river  Wandle  having  its  rise  so  near 
the  churchyard,  and  so  the  spring-heads  are  often 
struck  in  digging  graves.  The  slab  covering  the 
spot  where  Governor  Hutchinson  lies  buried  is, 
smothered  up  by  an  altar  tomb  to  Nicholas  Heron,. 
Esq.  C.  D. 

Blackheath. 

SwoRD  Query  :  Sahagum  (3^"'  S.  xi.  296.)  — 
The  Irish  word  <Sa5A1T1)  (I  drink)  is  pronounced 
with  its  aspirated  y,  somewhat  like  Sahayum,  and 
might  appropriately   symbolize   bloodthirstiness. 
Again,   <SA]5t)et)  is  the  Irish  for  lightning,   a 
suitable  poetic  appellation  for  the  flashing  sword,  ^ 
The  cognate  words  in  Gaelic  are  of  similar  sound ;   ■ 
and  in  Saxon,  the  word  for  a  sword  is  Stejene. 
One  or  other  of  these  etymons  may  afford  a  clue    , 
to  the  verification   of  the  inscription,   which  I 
recommend  the  querist  to  examine  more  criticallv. 

J.  L. 

Posts  and  Pavements  (3'^''  S.  xi.  329.)— It  may 
interest  J.  G.  N.  and  others  to  know  that  the  foot- 
paths in  some  of  the  streets  of  Yarmouth  are  (or 
were  three  years  ago)  protected  by  small  cannons 
set  in  the  ground  to  act  as  posts.        K.  P.  D.  E. 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  May  25,  '67. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Old  London.  Papers  read  at  the  London  Congress  of  the 
ArchcEological  Lnstitute,  July  1866.  (Murray.) 
This  volume  consists  of  a  series  of  contributions  to- 
wards what  is  still  a  desideratum — a  really  complete  his- 
tory of  London  and  Westminster  in  an  archreological 
sense.  As  a  first  step  towards  so  desirable  a  work,  the 
volume  before  us  possesses  an  additional  claim  to  atten- 
tion besides  that  which  is  put  forward  by  the  value  of 
the  papers  contained  in  it.  These  are  nine  in  number, 
including  the  Preliminary  Address  by  Mr.  Beresford 
Hope,  which  is  followed  by  an  eloquent  Sermon  from 
Dean  Stanley — "Archeology  in  its  Religious  Aspect." 
Mr.  G.  T.  Clark's  paper,  though  modestly  entitled  "  Some 
Particulars  concerning  the  Military  Architecture  of  the 
Tower  of  London,"  is  pretty  well  exhaustive  of  that 
branch  of  the  history  of  the  great  Metropolitan  strong- 
hold. Mr.  Gilbert  Scott  then  furnishes  a  graphic  sketch 
of  the  architectural  features  of  "  The  Chapter  House," 
and  Professor  Westmacott  a  detailed  and  very  interesting 
essay  "  On  the  Sculpture  in  Westminster  Abbey."  Mr. 
Foss  then  pleasantty  traces  the  legal  uses  to  which  West- 
minster Hall  has  been  applied ;  and  this  is  appropriately 
followed  by  Mr.  Burtt's  paper  on  the  great  depository  of 
our  legal  and  historical  monuments — the  "  Public  Record 
Office."  The  Rev.  Mr.  Green's  paper,  "  London  and  her 
Election  of  Stephen,"  written  for  the  purpose  of  showing 
that  it  was  in  the  Revolution  which  seated  Stephen  on 
the  throne  that  London  assumed  that  constitutional  posi- 
tion which  it  has  maintained  for  so  many  centuries  since, 
is  a  more  purely  historical  paper.  The  volume  concludes 
with  a  long  and  valuable  paper  by  Mr.  Scharf  on  "  The 
Royal  Picture  Galleries."  Twenty  such  volumes  as  the 
present,  could  The  Archceological  Institute  call  them  forth, 
would  by  no  means  contain  the  materials  essential  for  the 
object  in  view  ;  and  if  the  whole  twenty  were  as  varied 
and  interesting  as  the  one  before  us,  by  no  means  exhaust 
the  patience  of  the  reading  public. 

The  Essays  of  Elia  and  Eliana.     By  Charles   Lamb. 

(Bell  &  Daldy.) 

This  new  and  neat  edition  of  the  delightful  Essays  of 
Charles  Lamb  claims  to  be  the  most  complete  ever  pub- 
lished ;  as  not  only  have  some  fine  passages  been  restored 
to  the  papers  of  Elia,  but  it  is  enriched  with  the  Eliana, 
which  consists  of  papers  contributed  to  various  maga- 
zines and  miscellanies  which  are  almost  unknown  to 
readers  of  the  present  day.  It  will  be  a  welcome  boon  to 
the  daily  increasing  list  of  Charles  Lamb's  admirers. 

An  Essay  on  English  Municipal  History.      By  James 

Thompson.     (Longman.) 

If  the  reader  supposes  that  this  volume,  issued  at  a 
moment  when  public  attention  is  specially  directed  to 
municipal  institutions,  has  been  got  up  for  the  purpose 
of  supplying  the  temporary  desire  for  information  upon 
the  subject,  he  will  do  great  injustice  to  the  learned 
author  of  The  History  of  Leicester.  The  work  is  the 
result  of  careful  and  long  continued  researches  in  the 
Records  of  several  of  our  most  ancient  boroughs,  and  as  a 
consequence,  contains  a  mass  of  new  materials,  and 
thi-ows  much  new  light  on  the  origin,  constitution,  and 
development  of  the  various  forms  which  municipal 
government  has  assumed  among  us.  It  is  a  well-timed 
publication  ;  but  one  of  far  more  than  temporary  interest. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

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Folio,  1832. 
Antbropolooical  Review.    Nos.  1,  2,  3. 
Garmanni  db  MiRAcoLis  MoBTDORUM.    BresdiE,  1709.    4to. 
Thomas  Brown's  Works.     (4  vols.  Dublin,  eighth  edit.  1779.)    Vol.1. 
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wa5  I-Columbkille,  <Ae  Inland  of  Columbia  of  the  Churches,  one  of  the 

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consult "  Fieces  set  to  Music  in  Henry  Lawes's  Ayres  and  Dialogues,  for 
One,  Two,and Three  Voyces," fol.  1653. 

CoRNOB.  There  is  no  General  Index  to  the  Novels  and  Miscellaneous 
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works  ever  been  collected. 

H.  W.  C.  The  quotation  is  from  Dryden's '^ Palamon  and  Arcite," 
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G.  The  Rev.  Andrew  Gray  published  in  \660  The  Mystery  of  Faith 
Opened  up,  wliich  has  been  misnamed  in  your  catalogue. 

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M 


3'i  S.  XI.  June  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


433 


LONDOJSr,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  1,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— No  283. 


NOTES :  —  Shakespeare  illustrated  by  Massinger  and  Pield 
433— Queen  Henrietta  Maria's  Pilgrimage  to  Tyburn  — 
Colonel  John  Burch  — "The  Ea^le  of  the  German  Em- 
pire "  —  "  II  y  a  Fagots  et  Fas;ots  "  —  Bull  of  the  Immacu- 
late Conception,  435. 

QUERIES :  —  Inscriijtions  on  Bells  at  St.  Andrews,  436  — 
Sir  T.  Browne's  "Beligio  Medici "  — Portrait  of  Sir  R. 
Alton  —  Lewis  Angeloni :  Ugo  Foscolo  —  Bell-Ringing  Club 

—  Duke  of  Bolton  —  Appeal  for  Cameria  —  Portrait  of 
Chenevix,  Bishop  of  Waterford  —  "  Conspicuous  from  his 
Absence"  —  Custom  of  commencing  Buildings  at  the 
North-east  Corner  —  Florentine  Custom  —  The  French 
Article  in  the  Thirteenth  Century  —  Abb6  Grant  —Griffin 

—  Llanidloes  Charities  —  Michael  Angelo's  "  Last  Judg- 
ment "  —  Commander  of  the  "  Nightingale  "  —  Parsons 
Family  —  Efflgy  of  John  Porter  —  Quotations  —  The  Real 
Ride  to  York  —  Ballads  on  Captain  John  Smith  —  Song  — 
"  Ut  Potiar  Patior,"  437. 

Queries  with  Answers  :  —  Dr.  W.  Perfect  —  Earl  of 
Dumfermline  —  Patrick  Adamson  —  MS.  Plays  —  Count 
Rumford  —  Stourbridge  Fair,  441. 

REPLIES: -Obsolete  Phrases,  443  — Junius,  444  —  Flin- 
toft's  Chant,  445  —  "  The  Lass  of  Richmond  H  ill "  —  The 
Brothers  Bandiera  —  Marchpane  —  Quartermaster,  Car- 
riagemaster,  and  Sergeant-Major  —  Hannah  Lightfoot  — 
Montezuma's  Cup  —  P^oom,  Goold,  &c.  —  "Vowel  Changes  : 
a,  aw  —  Contingent  Claimants  to  the  Throne  on  the  Death 
of  Elizabeth  —  Carrion  —  Agudeza :  Fernan  Caballero  — 
Song  —  Quotation  wanted  —  "  Shore  "  for  "  Sewer  "  —  Dab 

—  Catchem's  End  —  Felton's  Dagger  —  Endeavour  as  a  re- 
flective Verb  —  Dr.  Cyril  Jackson  —  "  As  dead  as  a  Door- 
nail "  ~  Teigue,  an  Irish  Name,  &c.,  445. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


shakespea.ee  illustrated  by  massinger 
and  field. 

While  journeying,  I  have  refreshed  myself  by 
dipping  into  Massinger,  and  some  of  the  jottings 
resulting  therefrom  may  interest  your  readers; 
that  is,  provided  the  coincidences  to  be  mentioned 
have  not  been  previously  remarked  on — a  matter 
on  which  I  am  doubtful,  as  I  have  now  nothing 
but  an  unretentive  memory  to  refer  to. 

1.  In  Timon  the  Cupid  of  the  masque  speaks, 
according  to  the  old  copy,  thus  — 

"There  tast,  touch  all,  pleas'd  from  thy  table  rise : 

They  onely  now  come  but  to  feast  thine  eies." 
Now  while  Warburton's  remarkable  emenda- 
tion of  this  needs,  in  its  essentials,  no  confirma- 
tion, I  do  not  know  that  it  has  been  noticed  that 
Massinger,  in  his  JDitke  of  Milan,  conveys   the 
same  thought  in  almost  the  same  words,  and  does 
not  even  forget  the  masque  (Act  I.  Sc.  -3)  : — 
"  2nd  Gent  .  .  .   All  that  may  be  had 
To  please  the  eye,  the  ear,  taste,  touch,  or  smell, 
Are  carefully  provided. 

"  ord  Gent There's  a  masque." 

Guided  in  part  by  this,  I  would  vary  a  little 
from  Rann's  variant,  and  for  —  "  touch,  and  smell 
pleas'd  "  read  — 

" The  ear. 

Taste,  touch,  smell,  {aJj'pleas'd}  ^^^"^  ^^^  *^^^^  "^^'" 


all-pleas'd  being  equivalent  to  wholly  or  alto- 
gether pleas'd.  My  reasons  are,  first,  that  it  is  a 
common  typographical  error  to  omit  one  of  two 
words  which,  like  "smell"  and  "all,"  have 
similar  finals  :  secondly,  because  "  all  "  is  appa- 
rently the  word  which  is  to  contrast  with  "  only  " 
and  "  but " ;  and  thirdly,  because  Massinger 
adopts  it,  though  (it  may  be)  in  a  somewhat  dif- 
ferent sense. 

2.  In  Pericles  (Act  II.  Sc.  2)  Simonides  answers 
his  courtiers  with  — 

"  Opinion's  but  a  fool  that  makes  us  scan 
The  outward  habit  by  the  inward  man." 

In  The  Fatal  Boiorij  (Act  IV.  Sc.  1),  Field 
makes  the  foolish  coxcomb,  Novall  j  unior,  say  — 

" .  .  .  .  For,  even  as  the  index  tells  us  the  contents  of 
stories,  and  directs  to  the  particular  chapters,  even  so 
does  the  outward  habit,  and  superficial  order  of  gar- 
ments (in  man  or  woman)  give  us  a  taste  of  the  spirit, 
and  demonstratively  point  (as  it  were  a  manual  note  from 
the  margin)  all  the  internal  quality  and  habiliment  of 
the  soul " 

Here,  besides  the  other  coincidences,  the  word 
''  scan  "  has  given  rise  to  and  been  amplified  into 
the  thoughts— "as  the  index,  &c."  and  —  "as  it 
were  a  marginal  note."  Indeed  the  closeness  of 
the  quotation  is  such  as  to  strengthen  the  belief 
that  The  Fatal  Bownj  was  an  early  piece,  and 
induce  us  to  conjecture  that  Field  purposely  re- 
minded the  audience  of  a  saying  well  known  to 
them,  with  the  double  intent  of  expounding  more 
clearly  the  character  of  Novall,  and  making  his 
opinions  a  greater  source  of  laughter.  So  Mas- 
singer in  The  Roman  Actor  (Act  II.  adf.)  imitates 
an  easily  remembered  coarse  and  forcible  passage 
in  Dekker's  Knight's  Conjuring.  Or  is  it  lawful  to 
conjecture  that  Field  might  be  only  making  use 
again  of  his  own  ?  The  comic  scene  preceding 
that  in  which  Simonides  appears  is,  I  think,  only 
in  imitation  of  Shakespeare's  manner. 

It  is  curious  that  both  Field  and  Geo.  Wilkins, 
in  his  novel  of  Pericles,  make  use  of  the  phrase, 
"  outward  habit,"  and  yet  give  the  meaning 
which  Simonides  intended  to  give,  but  which, 
according  to  the  present  reading,  he  contradicts. 
This  coincidence  is  not  fatal  to  the  ingenious  con- 
jecture of  my  friend  Captain  Crawhall,  who  would 
transpose  "outward"  and  "inward  "  (see  "N.  &Q." 
o"^  S.  viii.  42),  for  the  rhyme  and  rythm  may 
have  hidden  a  player's  error,  as  it  has  done  a 
printer's,  but  it  (and  it  alone)  has  caused  me  to 
doubt  the  change,  and  it  is  for  this  reason  that  I 
now  submit  another  conjecture,  though  I  know 
not  that  I  prefer  it.  Opinion  is  often  used  in 
Shakespeare  for  an  obstinate,  unreasonable,  and 
sometimes  superficial  belief  or  estimation  in  im- 
plied or  expressed  contradistinction  to  the  results 
of  true  and  considerate  thought,  and  hence  it 
combines  well  with  epithets  such  as  false,  rotten, 
and  the  like.     As  examples,  take  audacious  with- 


434 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Std  S.  XL  Jdne  1, ' 


out  impudency,  learned  without  opinion  (Lovers 
Labour's  lost,  Act  V.  Sc.  1)  ;  — 

"  With  purpose  to  be  dress'd  in  an  opinion 
Of  wisdom,  gravity,  profound  conceit, 

and 

For  this  fool-gudgeon,  this  opinion." 

Merchant  of  Venice,  Act  I.  Sc.  1. 

"  Provided  that  you  weed  j-our  better  judgements 
Of  all  opinion  that  grows  rank  in  them 
That  I  am  wise."— ^s  You  Like  It,  Act  II.  Sc.  7. 

" and  to  raze  out 

Eotten  opinion,  who  hath  writ  me  down 
After  my  seeming." 

Second  Part  of  Henry  IV.  Act  V.  Sc.  3. 

Again,  in  tlie  four  places  in  which  Shakespeare 
uses  "scan,"  it  is  as  the  action  of  trulj'  considerate, 
deep-seeing,  and  logical  thought.  Hence  I  would 
suggest  that  Simonides  may  have  said  — 

"  Opinion's  but  a  fool ;  thought  makes  us  scan 
The  outward  habit  by  the  inward  man." 

The  elaboration  of  the  idea  into  a  second  clause 
in  G.  Wilkin's  version  perhaps  favours  this.  He 
says  — 

"  Hee  tolde  them,  that  as  Yertue  was  not  to  be  ap- 
prooned  by  wordes,  but  by  actions,  so  the  outward  habite 
was  the  least  table  of  the  inward  minde,  and  counselling 
them  not  to  condenuie  ere  they  had  cause  to  accuse." 

3.  The  Merchant  of  Venice. — Looking  on  the 
glittering  ornamentation  of  the  gilded  casket, 
Bassanio  says  — 

"  The  world  is  still  deceived  by  ornament. 

Thus  ornament  is  but  the  guiled  shore 

To  a  most  dangerous  sea  :  the  beauteous  scarf 

A'eiling  an  Indian  beauty.     In  a  word, 

The  seeming  truth  which  cunning  times  put  on 

T'  intrap  the  wisest." 

This,  he  says,  may  he  like  the  guile-made  shore 
that  tempts  the  adventurer  to  make  shipwreck  of 
his  hopes  (a  fitting  simile  for  one  who  in  losing 
loses  not  only  what  he  has  ventured  for,  but  what 
he  had— the  liberty,  namely,  to  seek  a  wife).  Or, 
he  continues,  this  fair  casing  may  be  like  the  rich 
muslin  scarf  of  the  Indies,  which  may  seem  to  con- 
ceal a  graceful  and  lovely  form  and  figure,  but 
which  unwrapped  discloses  a  blackamoor.  As  also 
the  term  Indian  was  used  vaguely,  and  as  the  cha- 
racteristics of  the  various  black  races  were  at  that 
time  ill-understood  and  confounded,  and  as  tra- 
vellers have  always  spoken  of  peculiarities  which 
are  to  us  deformities,  but  the  exaggeration  of 
which  was  said  to  be  in  their  countrjunen's  esti- 
mation excess  of  beauty,  so  an  "Indian  beauty" 
may  have  meant  a  beauty  in  Indian  eyes,  but  in 
those  of  Europeans  a  hideous  hag.  In  the  present 
day  the  phrase  "  Hottentot  Venus "  has  been 
similarly  employed. 

Such  is  the  interpretation  given  by  a  writer  in, 
I  think,  BlackifoocT s  or  Frasers  Mac/azine,  and  it 
is  so  obvious  and  natural,  that  I  for  one  could 


never  understand  why  the  passage  {quoad  the 
Indian  beauty)  gained  any  further  attention,  ex- 
cept on  the  law  that  when  persons  are  advised  of 
a  difficulty  they  immediately  find  one.  I  heard 
it  given  from  the  stage  in  the  above  sense,  the 
words  "•  Indian  beauty  "  being  pronounced  in  an 
ironical  and  depreciatory  tone,  and  the  thought 
seemed  to  flow  naturally  from  the  position.  I 
have  always  thought,  too,  that  there  was  a  further 
proof  of  its  correctness  in  the  conjunction  of  the 
two  similes,  as  the  one  seems  to  be  related  to  and 
suggested  by  the  other.  The  rich  scarfs  of  the 
East  Indies  were  just  then  beginning  to  be  intro- 
duced into  England,  and  the  thought  of  their  en- 
wrapping those  for  whom  they  were  originally 
made  would  associate  itself  with  the  seaman's 
description  of  the  guiled  shores  which  tempt  one 
to  venture  on  the  Indian  seas,  dangerous  both 
from  storms  and  typhoons,  and  from  the  open 
roadsteads  and  surf  of  the  coasts.  This  argu- 
ment has  peculiar  force  in  the  case  of  Shake- 
speare, who  was,  it  is  clear,  vividly  impressed  by 
and  familiar  with  the  descriptions  of  foreign  travel, 
and  who  had,  as  I  believe,  been  himself  a  sailor. 

I  now  quote  from  A  Neiv  Way  to  Pay  Old 
Debts  a  passage  different  in  application,  but 
clearly  suggested  by,  and  imitated  from,  this 
speech  of  Bassanio's.  In  Act  III.  Sc.  1,  Allworth, 
speaking  of  gold  and  land,  says  — 

"  O  my  good  lord !  these  powerful  aids  (which  would 
Make  a  mis-shapen  negro  beautiful, 
Yet  are  but  ornaments  to  give  her  lustre 
That  in  herself  is  all  perfection.)  must 
Prevail  for  her." 

The  words  "  mis-shapen  negro  "  confirm,  I 
think,  the  interpretation  of  Indian  beauty  as  one 
who  is  an  ill-formed  hideous  black.  Gilded  for 
guiled  shore  is  plausible,  but  as  ornament  is  a 
made  or  manufactured  thing,  so  the  shore  is  said 
to  be  made  or  created  guiled  either  by  nature  or 
by  the  artificial  temptations  beyond  and  upon  it. 

4.  In  The  Merchant  of  Venice,  there  is  a  similar 
equivoque  to  one  in  The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona, 
and  in  both  they  are  supposed  to  be  made  un- 
consciously. In  the  latter-named,  the  rustic  Speed, 
brought  up  from  the  estate  in  the  country  to  wait 
on  his  young  master  in-  town,  though  rustically 
sharp,  is  civically  ignorant ;  and  when  he  wishes- 
to  describe  the  finery  of  the  waiting-maid  whom 
he  takes  for  her  mistress,  calls  her  a  laced  mutton. 
Similarly,  Launcelot,  also  a  lad  from  the  country, 
calls  Jessica  the  Jewess  "  most  beautiful  pagan," 
pagan  being  in  reality  a  town  term  for  a  courtezan. 

"  I  have  had  my  several  pagans  billeted 
For  my  own  tooth,  and  after  ten-pound  suppers," 

says  Goldwire,  the  apprentice,  in  The  City  Madam 
(Act  II.  Sc.  1).  The  term  is,  I  suppose,  de- 
rived from  ''to  turn  Turk,"  a  phrase  applied  to 
both  males  and  females,  as  may  be  seen  in  Gazet'a 
remark  in  The  Seneyado,  Act  V.  Sc.  3. 


S'-'J  S.  XI.  Junk  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


435 


5.  Troilus  and  Cressida  (Act  III.  Sc.  1) — 

"  My  disposer  Cressid." 
There  puglit  to  be  no  difficulty  in  understanding 
the  primary  sense  of  this  phrase.  Paris  is  the 
ladies-gallant  of  Troy,  and  speaks  of  Cressida  in 
the  exaggerated  style  of  his  counterparts  of  the 
Elizabethan  day,  and  exaggerates  the  more  in 
that  he  is  aware  of  Pandarus's  belief  in  the  super- 
excellence  of  Cressid's  beauty.  Hence  he  is  her 
captive  knight  taken  by  force  of  beauty,  or  a  bond- 
slave, acting  not  according  to  his  own  free  will, 
but  at  her  absolute  disposal.  Probably  she  called 
him  her  Obedience,  or  simply  her  servant.  That 
he  was  Helen's  quasi-husband  was  no  bar  to  this. 
In  Massinger  we  constantly  find  "disposer  "  used 
in  a  similar  sense.  In  The  Bashful  Lover  (Act  I. 
Sc.  2),  Matilda  says  — 

"  I  am  not  the  disposer  of  myself ; 
The  duke  my  father  challenges  that  power." 

In   The  Bondman  (Act  V.  Sc.  1),  Archidamus 

says  to  his  daughter  Cleora  — 

"  Thou  art  thine  own  disposer." 

And  Cassar,  in  The  Roman  Actor,  exclaims  (Act  V. 
Sc.  1)— 

"  Are  we  the  great  disposer 
Of  life  and  death,  yet  cannot  mock  the  stars 
In  such  a  trifle  ?  " 

And  though  he  does  not  call  Domitia  his  dis- 
poser, he  calls  her  (Act  III.  Sc.  2)  — 

"  My  glory ! 
My  life !  Command  !  My  all ! 
Domitia.  As  j'ou  to  me  are." 

See  also  The  Duke  of  Milan  (Act  III.  Sc.  I, 
"  Charles.'')  At  the  same  time  it  is  pretty  evi- 
dent, from  the  unsuspecting  manner  in  which 
Pandarus  harps  upon  the  term,  that  Shakespeare, 
more  suo,  intended  to  suggest  an  equivoque,  and 
to  imply  that,  as  Ulysses  afterwards  tells  us,  Cres- 
sid's manner  and  style  of  beauty  "  disposed  "one  in 
the  merriest  Elizabethan  sense  of  the  word  ;  that 
is,  that  she  was  a  Cleopatra  without  her  majesty, 
one  who  had  a  language  in  her  eye,  her  cheek, 
her  lip,  nay,  whose  foot  spake.  Paris  the  rake, 
and  Ulysses  the  observant  man  of  the  world,  both 
tmderstood  her  at  a  glance,  and  so  does  Diomed, 
a  gallant  in  the  camp  and  in  the  chamber,  who 
can  fight  and  also  leer,  and  who  rises  on  his  toe, 
and  is  of  loving  well  composed ;  but  the  rest  are 
deceived,  and  among  them  the  heroic-minded, 
but  very  youthful  Troilus. 

6.  The  Winter's  Tale— 

"  I  would  Land-damn  him." — Act  II.  Sc.  1. 

For  some  years  I  felt  confident  that  the  true  word 
was  Lent-damn.  Since  my  eye,  however,  fell 
upon  Anne  Page's  — 

"  Alas,  I  had  rather  be  set  quick  i'  th'  earth,  and 
bowled  to  death  with  turnips  "  (Act  III.  Sc.  4) — 


I  have  doubted  my  attempt,  for  the  mention  by 
Mistress  Anne  of  the  punishment  of  being  par- 
tially buried  alive  shows  that  it  was  commonly 
known.  If  too  I  remember  rightly,  it  was  known 
to  the  buccaneers,  and  probal3ly,  therefore,  com- 
monly known  before  their  time.  In  Massinger's 
Virgin- Ma7-tijr  (Act  V.  Sc.  1),  Theophilus,  enu- 
merating the  number  and  tortures  of  the  tortured 
Christians,  says  — 

"  Two  hundred  rammed  i'  th'  earth 

To  the  armpits,  and  full  platters  round  about  them. 

But  far  enough  for  reaching." 

From  this  land-ram  might  be  suggested,  but  I  am 
now  inclined  to  believe  that  the  true  word  is 
"  land-dam."  This  seems  to  explain  why  "  land" 
is  used  instead  of  "earth,"  and  obviates  the  ob- 
jection that  "land"  suggests,  and  seems  intended 
to  suggest,  its  contrast  word  "water."  Earth- 
dam  would  have  been  ambiguous,  because  water- 
dams  are  generally  built  of  earth  ;  but  land-dam 
may  well  express  one  dammed  up  in  land  or  dry 
earth  away  from  water.  A  playhouse  transcriber 
or  printer  would  never  think  of  the  meaning,  but 
only  of  the  sound,  and  it  may  be  observed  that 
the  word  damn  occurs  in  the  previous  line. 

Brinslet  Nicholson,  M.D. 


Queen  Henrietta  Maria's  Pilgrimage  to 
Ttbttrn. — The  following  allusion  to  this  circum- 
stance occurs  in  — 

"  The  Progresse  of  Divine  Providence  set  out  in  a  Ser- 
mon preached  in  the  Abbey  Church  of  Westminster 
before  the  House  of  Peers,  on  the  24th  of  September,  1645 

By  William  Gouge,  one  of  the  Members  of  the 

Assemblj\"     4to.    London,  1 645  :  — 

"  Others  they  either  enjoyn  or  perswade  to  whip  their 
naked  backs  with  scourges  of  cords,  wj'ers,  and  sharp 

rundalls  till  the  bloud  run  down Others  must  lie 

in  shirts  of  hair-cloth.  Others  go  bare  foot  and  bare 
legged  to  such  and  such  shrines.  Others  undertake  long 
pilgrimages  to  remote  lands  ;  nay,  they  stick  not  to  send 
a  Queen  to  Tihurn  upon  penance.'''' — P.  21. 

E.  R.  Buc. 
In  the  King's  Cabinet  Opened  there  is  a  copy  of 
instructions  given  by  Charles  I.  to  Dudley  Carle- 
ton,  sent  in  1626  on  an  embassy  to  France  to  ex- 
plain the  reasons  for  the  dismissal  of  the  queen's 
French  attendants.  •  Charles  justified  the  dismis- 
sion as  an  act  "  which,"  he  says,  "  I  must  doe  if 
it  were  but  for  one  action  they  made  my  wife 
doe,  which  is,  to  make  her  goe  to  Tiburn  in  devo- 
tion, to  pray,  which  action  can  have  no  greater 
invective  made  against  it  then  the  relation." 
(London,  4to,  1645,  p.  35.)  Job  Csuhne. 

[In  our  last  volume  (x.  p.  209)  Mr.  Waylen  will  find 
we  printed  the  curious  quotation  from  Sir  IV.  Waller's 
Recollections,  which  he  has  again  forwarded  to  us  ;  and 
at  p.  274  some  further  notes  on  the  same  interesting  histori- 
cal point,  the  truth  of  which  is  strongly  confirmed  bj'  the 
contemporary  allusions  so  kindly  furnished  by  our"  pre- 
sent correspondents.— Ed.  "  N.  &  Q."] 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S"!  S.  XI.  JuxE  1,  '67. 


Colonel  John  Buech. — I  am  informed  that 
the  Camden  Society  is  about  to  publish  the  auto- 
biography of  Colonel  John  Burch,  temp.  Great 
Rebellion.  May  I  ask  to  be  informed  whether 
this  gentleman  is  identical  or  in  any  way  con- 
nected with  Colonel  John  Burch  of  Gidea  Hall, 
Eomford,  who  died  in  1668,  and  was  buried  in 
Romford  church  ?  I  have  a  few  notes  of  Colonel 
Burch  of  Gidea  Hall  from  the  Romford  registers, 
&c.,  and  should  be  happy  to  lend  them  to  the 
editor  of  the  autobiography  if  his  Colonel  Burch 
should  turn  out  to  be  my  Colonel  Burch. 

E.  J.  S. 

"  The  Eagle  oe  the  German  Empire." — An 
interesting  paper  with  this  title  appears  in  the 
Cornhill  Magazine  for  May.  I  think  some  other 
statements  in  it  require  examination ;  but  I  wish 
here  to  notice  what  follows :  — 

"  The  Emperor  Otho  IV.  also  carried  an  eagle  .  .  .  . 
and  in  a  similar  way,  on  the  summit  of  a  tall  staff,  placed 
in  his  own  war  chariot  at  the  battle  of  Bonvines,  the  27th 
July,  1214  :  Aquilem  deauratam  super  draconem  pendentem 
in  pertica  longa  erecta  in  quadriga.     The  addition  of  the 

serpent  suspended  beneath  the  imperial  eagle is 

very  interesting ;  for,  although  it  seems  never  to  have 
been  noticed,  the  serpent,  no  doubt,  was  borne  in  com- 
memoration of  the  annexation  of  the  principality  of 
Milan  to  the  empire  by  Otho  III.  in  996,  when  he 'took 
the  town  and  proclaimed  himself  King  of  Lombardie." 

I  need  not  dwell  upon  the  fact  that  draconem 
in  heraldry  does  not  mean  serpent ;  nor  upon  the 
other  fact  that  the  coat  of  the  Visconti  does  not 
show  a  dragon. 

Otho,  first  of  that  name,  of  the  Visconti,  gained 
his  curious  coat  at  the  siege  of  Jerusalem  under 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon.  Favyn  gives  a  full  account 
of  the  circumstances  in  book  iii,  chapter  2.  Now 
Godfrey  took  Jerusalem  from  the  Infidels  on 
Jidy  15,  1099.  The  reason,  therefore,  why  the 
supposed  origin  of  the  serpent  in  the  position 
mentioned  in  the  Cornhill  Magazine  ''  seems  never 
to  have  been  noticed,"  is  quite  plain.  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 

"  II  T  A  Fagots  et  Fagots." — This  well-known 
expression  of  Moliere  (ie  Medecin  Malgre  Ltd, 
i.  6),  which  has  become  proverbial  in  France,  I 
have  always  thought  to  be  an  original  idea.  May 
it,  however,  not  be  traced  to  Cervantes  {Don 
Quixote,  chap.  iv.  p.  47,  ed.  Leon  de  Francia, 
1736),  where  we  have  a  conversation  between  the 
barber  and  Sancho  Pan^a  ?  The  passage  to  which 
I  refer  is  — 

"  Vuestra  Merced  mire  co-mo  habla,  Senor  Barbero, 
que  no  estodo  hazerbarbas,y  algo  va  de  Pedro  a  Pedro." 

"  Master  barber,  beware  what  you  say,  for  shaving  of 
beards  is  not  all,  there  is  some  difference  between  Pedro 
and  Pedro." 

Moliere,  no  doubt,  drank  from  every  spring  to 
which  he  had  access,  and  was,  what  Plato  (^Phccdr, 


c.  ii.)  says  of  Socrates,  a  vessel  which  was  con- 
tinually filled  with  water  flowing  from  different 
springs,  with  which  he  refreshed  the  public;  but 
if  the  germ  be  found  in  Cervantes,  in  this  case  at 
all  events  Moliere  has  improved  on  the  original, 
as  he  no  doubt  often  does.  Thus,  take  the  ex- 
pression— "  Nemo  impetrare  potest  a  papa,  buUam 
uunquam  moriendi "' — and  see  it  become  a  French 
proverb  in  his  hands  (L'E'tourdi,  ii.  4)  :  ''  On  n'a 
point  pour  la  mort  de  dispense  de  Rome.'' 

Who  is  the  author  of  this  mediosval  expression 
which  I  have  quoted  ?  C.  T.  Ramage. 

Bull  op  the  Immaculate  Conception.  —  A 
gigantic  achievement  by  a  solitary  individual, 
unaided  by  fortune  or  commerce,  deserves  a  re- 
cord. The  Abbe  Sire,  of  the  Seminary  of  Saint 
Sulpice,  undertook  to  procure  translations  of  the 
Bull  of  Pius  IX.  on  the  Immaculate  Conception 
in  all  languages  of  the  world.  In  the  short  space 
of  six  years  he  has  accomplished  this  astonishing 
undertaking.  He  has  actually  collected  300  trans- 
lations of  the  BuU,  which  is  very  long,  all  made 
by  men  well  acquainted  with  the  several  lan- 
guages, signed  and  approved  by  the  ecclesiastical 
authorities  of  the  various  countries,  and  in  several 
instances  ornamented  with  appropriate  designs  by 
able  artists.  These  translations  form  nearly  eighty 
volumes  in  quarto,  which  contain  about  twenty 
thousand  pages. 

The  translation  into  the  language  of  Corea  was 
made  by  the  coadjutor  bishop,  Mgr.  Daveluy, 
who  with  the  vicar  apostolic  and  seven  priests 
was  martyred  there  in  March,  1866.  The  magni- 
ficent panegyric  pronounced  on  Mgr.  Daveluy  in 
the  great  festival  at  Amiens  in  February  last,  at- 
tended by  twenty-two  bishops,  eight  hundred 
priests,  and  about  fifteen  thousand  people  in  the 
cathedral,  by  Mgr.  Mermillod,  coadjutor  of  Ge- 
neva, has  been  published,  and  the  above  is  ex- 
tracted from  a  note  at  p.  30.  F.  C.  H. 


cauerieS. 


IXSCEIPTIOXS  OX  BELLS  AT  ST.  ANDREWS. 

In  the  tower  of  St.  Salvator's  Church  at  St. 
Andrews  are  two  bells,  one  the  original  bell  of 
the  church,  twice  recast,  the  other  a  re-casting 
of  the  bell  of  the  chapel  of  St.  Leonard's  College, 
which  had  probably  been  removed  to  St.  Salva- 
tor's tower,  when  St.  Leonard's  College  was  united 
to  St,  Salvator's  in  1727.  The  inscription  on  the 
elder  of  the  two  bells  is :  — 

"SANCTUS  .  JAC  .  KENNEDUS  .  EPISCOPUS  .  STI  . 
ANDRE.E.  AC  .  FUNDATOR  .  COLLEGII  .  STI .  SALVATORIS  . 
ME   .   FECIT    .    FIERI  .  AJJNO    1 460   .    KATHAEIJf AM   .   NO- 

MINASDO   [figure  somewhat  like  a  shoel  d  .  jAC  .  MAR- 


3'd  S.  XL  JuxE  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


437 


TINUS  .  EJUSDEM  .  COLLEGII  .  PREPOSITUS  .  ME  .  RE- 
FECIT  .  A.D.  1609  .  ET  .  D  .  ALEXR  .  SKENE  .  EJUSDEM  . 
COLLEGII  .  ME  .  TERTIo  .  FIERI  .  FECIT  [another  quaint 
figure'\     .    JOHN    MEIKLE     .    ME    .    fecit     .    EDINBUEGI    . 

1686." 

The  inscription  on  the  other  bell  is  — 

"me  .  ELIZABETHAM  .  LEONARDIXAM  .  ANTE  .  BIS- 
CEXTUM  .  AXNOS  .  GANDAVI  ||  FACTAM  .  ET  TEMPOKIS  . 
INJURIA  .  DILAPSAM  .  COLLEGE  [sic]  LEONARDI  .  IM- 
PENSIS  .  REFECIT  .  ROBERTUS  MAXWELL  .  ANNO  1724  . 
E.  0  R." 

For  about  twenty  years  past,  the  youths  of  the 
United  College  of  St.  Salvator's  and  St.  Leonard's 
have  been  in  the  custom  of  taking  a  holiday  in 
February  to  celebrate  ''Kate  Kennedy,"  whom 
they  assume  to  have  been  a  near  relative  of  the 
bishop  who  founded  the  college,  as  well  as  the 
collegiate  church  of  St.  Salvator's.  There  are 
obscure  reminiscences  of  the  same  custom  as 
practised  between  fifty  and  sixty  years  ago ;  and 
it  may  have  been  practised  earlier,  but  of  this 
there  is  no  evidence.  The  professors  being  op- 
posed to  "Kate  Kennedy's  Day,"  the  young  men, 
on  a  principle  of  contrariety,  are  continually  going 
to  more  and  more  expense  in  fancy  dresses,  ban- 
ners, &c.  wherewith  to  grace  the  occasion,  and 
Kate  herself  is  becoming  yearly  less  of  a  myth  and 
more  of  a  reality.  It  is  now  set  forth  that  Kate 
was  a  daughter  of  the  bishop,  although  nothing 
can  be  more  unlikely,  as  there  is-  no  personage  of 
the  middle  ages  to  whose  correct  morals  and 
exemplary  life  we  have  stronger  testimony.  (See 
Crawford's  Officers  of  State  and  authorities  quoted 
there.)  The  whole  notion  and  the  holiday  have 
no  other  foundation  whatever  than  the  solitary 
word  ''  Katharinam  "  occurring  in  the  inscription 
on  the  bell. 

It  is  the  desire  of  several  persons  in  this  vene- 
rable city,  myself  included,  to  submit  the  two 
inscriptions  to  the  gentlemen  who  occasionally 
write  upon  bells  in  "  N,  &  Q.,"  and  through 
"  N.  &  Q."  to  others,  with  a  view  to  bringing  out 
a  sound  as  well  as  impartial  opinion  on  the 
meaning  of  the  imgrammatical  expression,  "Kath- 
arinam nominando."  Bells,  as  a  department  of 
ecclesiology,  has  been  deeply  studied  in  England, 
and  not  at  all  in  Scotland,  and  it  may  therefore 
be  expected  that  more  than  one  gentleman  in  the 
South  will  be  able  to  pronounce  authoritatively 
on  all  that  is  implied  in  the  names  given  to  the 
two  bells,  for  the  satisfaction  of  us  less  enlight- 
ened people  in  the  North.  R.  Chambers. 

St.  Andrews. 


Sir  Thomas  Browne's  "  Religio  Medici."  — 
3.  Was  any  edition  of  the  Religio  Medici  pub- 
lished between  1645  and  1656  ?  if  so,  where  is  it 
to  be  seen  ?  2.  Where  can  a  copy  of  the  edition 
published  in  1754  be  seen  ?  W.  A.  G. 

Hastings. 


Portrait  op  Sir  R.  Aitoi^ . — Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  if  any  portrait  of  Sir  Robert 
Alton  exists  in  any  London  collection  ?  He  was 
Secretary  to  the  queens  of  James  I.  and  Charles  1., 
and  died  in  the  palace  of  Whitehall.  His  monu- 
ment and  bust,  in  bronze,  are  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  Scoius. 

Lewis  Aj^geloni:  Ugo  Foscolo. — I  trust  that 
some  of  youi'  readers  will  be  able  adequately  to 
answer  the  following  questions  :  — 

1.  Luigi  Angeloni,  an  Italian  exile,  and  an 
eminent  publicist,  undeservedly  but  little  known, 
passed  the  latter  years  of  his  life  in  London  in 
extreme  poverty ;  and  is  said  to  have  died  in  a 
workhouse.  Is  this  true  ?  And  if  so,  when,  and 
in  what  workhouse  did  he  die  ? 

2.  Who  were  his  friends,  English  and  foreign, 
in  London  ? 

8.  In  whose  possession  are  his  impublished 
writings,  and  a  portion  of  his  correspondence  ? 

4.  Which  is  the  house  in  South  Bank,  Regent's 
Park,  once  possessed  and  inhabited  by  Ugo 
Foscolo  ? 

5.  When  and  where  was  the  library  of  Mr. 
Wilbraham  sold,  which  was  of  so  much  assistance 
to  Foscolo  in  his  studies  and  researches  ?  * 

6.  Who  (in  England)  is  known  to  possess  auto- 
graphs and  unpublished  MSS.,  or  portions  of  the 
correspondence,  of  Ugo  Foscolo  ? 

7.  Who  (in  England)  is  supposed  to  possess  in- 
edited  MSS.,  or  portions  of  the  correspondence,  of 
Count  Santorre  di  Santarosa  ?  V.  N. 

BELL-RiNGrNG  Club. — Can  anyone  tellme what 
is  the  title  of  a  book  which  gives  an  account  of 
an  amateur  bell-ringing  club  that  existed  at  Cam- 
bridge in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  (it  may 
be  a  little  later),  whose  members  were  under- 
graduates of  that  university?  The  book  I  in- 
quire about  I  saw  some  few  years  since  in  the 
university  library.  It  might  have  been  a  history 
of  the  town  or  university,  but  I  cannot  be  sure  of 
this ;  all  I  am  certain  about  is  its  being  quite  an 
old  work,  and  that  the  club  I  mention  met  for 
practice  in  the  tower  of  St.  Botolph's  church  (near 
the  Pitt  Press),  and  that  in  that  ancient  tower 
the  art  of  change-ringing  was  discovered. 

J.  Godson,  B.A. 

St.  Paul's,  Warrington. 

Duke  of  Bolton. — Can  any  correspondent  help 
me  to  discover  in  whose  hands  the  undermentioned 
oil-painting  is  now  to  be  found?  It  no  longer 
exists  in  the  parlour  at  Keston  Cross,  nor  are 
any  traditions  there   as  to  its  removal  between 

[*  A  valuable  portion  of  the  library  of  Eoger  Wil- 
braham, Esq.,  containing  all  his  rare  articles  in  Italian 
literature,  was  sold  bv  Mr.  Evans  of  Pall  Mall  on  the 
10th  of  June,  1829,  and  five  following  days.— Ed.] 


438 


NOTES  AND  QUEHIES. 


[3>-'i  S.  XI.  June  1,  '67 


1826  and  this  date.  It  is  thus  described  in  Hone's 
Every-Day  Book,  1826 :  — 

"  A  parlour  for  the  accommodation  of  private  parties, 
has  an  oil-painting  of  the  old  Duke  of  Bolton,  capitally 
mounted,  in  the  yard  of  his  own  mansion,  going  out  at- 
tended bv  his  huntsman  and  dogs." 

E.  W. 

Appeal  foe  Camekia.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  a  clue  to  the  authorship  of  a  little 
27-page  pamphlet  which  hears  the  following 
title  ?  — 

"  An  Appeal  to  the  Public  on  Behalf  of  Cameria  " 
{America),  "a  Young  Lady  who  was  almost  ruined  by 
the  Barbarous  Treatment  of  her  own  Mother.  London  : 
Printed  in  the  Year  1781." 

The  prefatory  notice  is  as  follows  :  — 

"The  following  piece  appeared  in  the  Edinburgh 
Evening  Post  of  the  4th  of  March.  As  it  bears  a  lively 
resemblance  to  the  manner  of  the  late  admirable  Dean 
Sw  IFT,  and  contains  some  striking  allegorical  passages, 
it  is  hoped  that  it  will  afford  the  Reader  some  rational 
entertainment." 

I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  mention  of  it 
in  any  work  on  American  bibliography,  or  cata- 
logues of  books  relating  to  America.  E..  C. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  U.  S. 

POETKAIT   OF  ChENEVIX,   BiSHOP    OF   WaTEE- 

FOED. — May  I  inquire  whether  any  of  the  cor- 
respondents of  "N.  «fe  Q."  could  inform  me  of  the 
existence  of  any  portrait  of  the  above  ancestor  of 
the  writer,  so  well  known  as  the  friend  of  Lord 
Chesterfield  and  by  his  lordship's  letters  to  him, 
chiefly  on  Irish  aft'airs.  I  am  not  aware  of  any 
in  existence,  except  a  small  one  of  about  a  foot 
square,  lightly  tinted,  in  my  possession,  and  a 
miniature.  1  was  reminded  of  the  subject  by 
seeing  Gainsborough's  fine  portrait  of  Lord  Ches- 
terfield, from  Lord  Stanhope's  collection,  among 
the  historical  portraits  now  at  Kensington. 

Still  more  should  I  be  obliged  if  anyone  would 
bring  to  light  for  me  any  of  the  bishop's  letters 
to  the  earl.  They  may  have  been  destroyed  at 
once,  or  may  still  exist  in  some  family  archives, 
and  would  be  to  me  of  no  slight  value. 

Fkaijcis  ^Teench. 

Islip  Rectory. 

"  Conspicuous  feom  his  Absekce."  —  Who 
can  tell  upon  what  occasion  Lord  Russell  uttered 
this  famous  dictum  ?  In  all  probability  it  was 
delivered  as  a  quotation,  for  I  have  met  with  the 
following  anecdote  in  a  French  periodical :  — 

"  In  1815  the  artist  Isabey  was  commissioned  to  paint 
a  picture  representing  all  the  members  of  the  Congress  in 
assembly.  Lord  Wellington  desired  to  see  the  painter. 
'  Sir,'  said  he, '  for  a  thousand  political  reasons  you  must 
understand  that  mine  ought  to  be  the  principal  place  on 
your  canvas.'  On  his  side.  Prince  Talleyrand  managed 
to  have  an  interview  with  the  artist.  '  M3'  dear  frJend,' 
said  he  to  him,  '  for  your  interest  as  well  as  mine,  I 
wish  you  to  make  me,"the  representative  of  France,  the 
chief  personage  in  your  picture.  If  not,  leave  me  out 
altogether;  then  my  absence  will  be  remarked' — '  omettez- 


moi  tout  a  fait ;  alors  mon  absence  sera  remarqu^e.' 
Isabey  was  at  a  loss  how  to  reconcile  these  two  require- 
ments. Behold  how  he  cut  the  Gordian  knot !  He  ex- 
hibited Wellington  entering  into  the  hall  of  conference, 
where  all  eyes  where  turned  towards  him.  He  was  able 
then  to  saj^  that  he  was  the  hero  of  the  scene.  As  to 
Prince  Talleyrand,  he  represented  him  sitting  in  an  arm- 
chair ruling  the  members  of  the  Congress,  having,  in  fact, 
the  place  of  honour.  The  two  competitors  were  equally 
satisfied.  At  the  same  time  one  point  dissatisfied  the 
British  Duke.  M.  de  Tallej'rand's  was  a  full-face,  and 
his  only  in  profile.  Consequently  the  French  diploma- 
tist occupied  a  greater  space  on  the  canvas.  '  Sir,'  cried 
Isabey, '  your  profile  resembles  that  of  King  Henry  IV., 
the  most  popular  monarch  of  France  ;  so  that  I  "could 
not  resist  presenting  it  to  the  admiration  of  faithful 
roj-alists.'  This  flattery  answered  so  well  that  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  purchased  a  copy  of  the  picture,  and  it  is 
now  carefully  preserved  by  his  noble  family  at  Apsley 
House." 

What  a  libel  on  our  high-minded  Duke,  who 
was  far  above  such  paltry  jealousy  !         C.  P.  T. 

Custom  of  coMMENcrsre  Buildings  at  the 
Noeth-east  Coenee. — The  Rev.  W.  Ellis,  in  his 
recent  work,  3Iadagascar  Revisited,  states  in  a 
note  to  the  account,  by  a  native  Christian,  of  the 
erection  of  the  great  palace  of  Queen  Alakarabo — 
"a  noble  and  wonderful  building" — that  "the 
customs  of  their  ancestors  require  the  Hovas  to 
commence  the  building  of  a  house  by  fixing, 
with  many  ceremonies,  the  post  at  the  north-east 
corner," 

It  has  been  customary  from  time  immemorial 
among  the  fraternity  of  Freemasons,  when  called 
upon  formally  to  lay  the  foundation  stoue  of 
churches  and  other  public  buildings,  to  place  it, 
"  with  many  ceremonies,''  at  the  north-east  corner. 
The  existence  of  the  same  practice  amongst  the 
natives  of  Madagascar  is  a  curious  coincidence. 

Is  anything  known  of  its  origin  in  that  island, 
or  if  it  prevails  amongst  the  various  tribes  on  the 
African  continent  ?  Which  of  our  ancient  chro- 
niclers first  notices  the  custom  in  England  ? 

I  remember  to  have  somewhere  read  of  instances 
where,  at  the  commencement  of  erecting  a  cathe- 
dral or  parish  church,  several  stones  were  placed 
by  various  eminent  personages,  who  deposited 
thereon  their  offerings  towards  the  work. 

William  Kelly. 

Leicester. 

Floeentine  Custom. — On  the  vigil  of  Good 
Friday,  immediately  after  the  singing  of  the  Mi- 
serere, the  seats  and  walls  and  altar-rails  are 
struck  with  wands,  and  the  noise  is  kept  up  till 
the  altar-tapers  are  lit,  and  another  service  is 
commenced  at  the  altar — for  the  Miserere  is  not 
chanted  at  the  altar,  but  by  the  choir— at  a  desk 
in  tbe  middle  of  the  church.  The  service  is  very 
solemn  and  interesting,  but  /could  have  dispensed 
with  the  noise,  which  was  most  horrible.  "\Miat 
does  it  signify  ?  The  Jews  have  a  similar  custom 
in  honoiir  of  Haman.     Is  the  Catholic  custom  in 


S'-i  S.  XI.  June  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


439 


honour  of  the  archtraitor  Judas  ?     Will  F.  C,  H. 
oblige  by  an  explanation  ?    The  Florentine  wands 
are  all  cut  or  carved  in  corkscrew  fashion,  and  the 
itinerant  vendors  make  a  good  thing  by  the  sale. 
J.  H.  Dixoif. 
Florence. 

The  French  Article  in  the  Thirteenth 
Century. — In  a  recent  number  of  The  AtheuiBum, 
the  reviewer  of  Wright's  recently-published  edi- 
tion of  Pierre  de  Langtoft's  Chronicle  quotes  from 
the  editor's  preface  as  follows  :  — 

"  Curiousiy  enough,  the  name  of  the  Supreme  Pontiff 
is  always  treated  (either  by  Langtoft  or  by  his  copyists) 
as  if  he  were  a  female,  la  Fape,^' 

On  this  the  reviewer  remarks :  — 

"  For  our  part  we  see  nothing  at  all  curious  in  this, 
so  far  as  Langtoft  or  his  copyists  are  concerned,  or  other 
French  writers  of  the  sameor  an  earlier  date.  A  like 
combination  is  not  uncommonly  found.  Benoit,  for  ex- 
ample, speaks  of  la  Deus  (God)  ;  and  la  rtd  (the  king),  la 
Mahom  (Mahomet),  with  many  similar  instances,  are  to 
be  met  with." 

The  question  I  wish  to  ask  is,  whether  there 
is  au}'  authority  for  the  assertion  that  la  was  ever 
used  in  old  French  as  the  masculine  article  ?  It 
appears  from  Fallot's  Lanyne  Fran(^aise  an  treizihne 
Siecle,  that  le  was,  in  the  dialect  of  Picardy,  often 
used  for  both  masculine  and  feminine,  but  that 
neither  in  that  nor  the  Roman  dialect  was  la  used 
for  Ic.  He  does,  however,  show  that  the  combi- 
nation la  rei  might  occur,  as  "  Por  la  terre,  la  (celle 
du)  rei,  et  la  (celle  de)  Monsire  Edward  garder." 

Here  of  course  la  is  used  for  the  demonstrative, 
and  by  ellipsis  (very  common  at  the  time)  of  the 
preposition,  has  the  appearance  of  a  feminine 
article  before  a  masculine  noun.  Perhaps  some 
correspondent  can  refer  to  Benoit,  and  confirm  or 
complete  the  reviewer's  dictum  on  this  curious 
point.  Leihrediensis. 

Kildare  Gardens. 

Abb6  Grant. — Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
favour  me,  through  your  columns,  with  particulars 
respecting  an  '*  Abb6  Grant,"  whom  I  find  men- 
tioned, in  a  MS.  Tour  in  Italy  in  1772,  as  resident 
at  Rome,  and  acting  as  a  kind  of  friendly  cicerone 
to  two  English  travellers  ?  From  the  language 
used  respecting  him,  I  conclude  him  to  have  been 
a  Jacobite  of  some  note.       Herman  Meriyale. 

Grifein. — Of  late  years,  most  people  have  be- 
come aware  that  griffin  is  Anglo-Indian  for  a 
Johnny  Raw  or  Freshman.  But  is  its  derivation 
ascertained  ?  1  ask  because  it  was  similarly  used 
by  Beaumont  or  Fletcher.  In  The  Honest  Maji^s 
Foiiune  (Act  III.  Sc.  1,  vol.  iii.  p.  389,  ed.  Dyce), 
Veramour  says,  according  to  the  folio  ;  — 

"  Doves  beget  doves,  and  eagles  eagles,  Madam  :  a 
citizen's  heir,  though  never  so  rich,  seldom  at  the  best 
proves  a  gentleman  ;  the  son  of  an  advocate,  though  dub- 
bed like  his  father,  will  show  a  relish  of  his  descent,  and 
the  father's  thriving  practice,"  &c. 


But  Dyce's  MS.  copy,  licensed  by  Sir  Henry 
Herbert  in  1624  (a  copy  which  bears  some  marks 
of  revision  by  the  authors),  instead  of  "proves 
a  gentleman,"  reads  "proves  but  a  grt-^n 
gentleman." 

Some  might  incline  to  the  belief  that  it  is  a  cor- 
ruption of  ffrife,  a  graft,  implying  a  new  shoot 
set  in  an  old  stem.  But  not  to  dwell  on  the  fact 
that  the  Anglo-Indian  griff  is  known  to  be  a  con- 
traction of  grifiin,  and  that  this  latter  is  at  least 
of  the  age  of  James,  the  metaphor  would  be  most 
inappropriate :  for  a  griff  is  a  good  shoot  imped 
to  a  bad  stem.  Was  there  any  newly  established 
honour,  in  which  a  grifiin  or  dragon  was  an  he- 
raldic device  ?  Or  can  it  be  that  it  was  a  gird  at 
the  provincial  and  rustic  Welsh  armiger,  rich  in 
pedigree  but  poor  in  wealth,  and  low  in  social 
station  ?  From  various  Elizabethan  phrases  and 
passages,  the  Welshman  seems  to  have  been  com- 
mon game.  Compare  also  "  Croggen,"  of  which 
Drayton  (quoted  by  Nares)  says :  — 

"  Xor  that  term  Croggen,  nickname  of  disgrace, 
Used  as  a  bye-word  now  in  everj'  place, 
Shall  blot  our  blood,  or  wrong  a'Welshman's  name." 

B.  Nicholson. 
West  Australia. 

Llanidloes  Charities.  —  Wanted  some  ac- 
count of  the  persons— more  especially  the  dates  of 
their  wills — who  made  the  bequests  contained  in 
a  particular  of  charities  bequeathed  to  the  poor  of 
the  parish  of  Llanidloes,  Montgomeryshire.  The 
individuals  are  — 

(a.)  David  Lloyd,  D.D.,  who  by  his  last  will  and  testa- 
ment, &c. 

One  of  the  wardens  thinks  that  this  person  is  no 
other  than  Dean  Lloyd  of  St.  Asaph — rather  in- 
consistent with  the  epitaph  preserved  in  wood ; 
also  the  title  difi'ers. 

(6.)  EvanGlynofGlyn.  Esq. 

(c.)  Jenkin  Bowen  of  Milford  in  the  co.  of  Gloucester, 
D.D. 

id.)  Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Witherong,  Bart. 

The'churchwardens  have  applied  to  the  Charity 
Commissioners,  but  the  secretary  could  give  them 
no  information  as  to  the  time  when  the  bequests 
were  made.  If  you  advise  applying  to  Doctors' 
Commons,  please  indicate  the  usual  method  of  ap- 
plication. 

The  date  of  the  death  of  Commander  Ingram 
(mentioned  in  O'Bjrne's  Xaval  Biographg,  p.  566.) 
— I  think  he  was  alive  in  1860  or  1861 — and  what 
family  did  he  leave  ?  E.  H. 

Michael  Angelo's  "Last  Judgment."  —  I 
have  in  my  possession  an  old  print  of  the  above, 
of  which  I  should  be  glad  to  ascertain  the  date. 
It  measures  only  12  inches  by  9,  but  is  singularly 
clear  in  all  its'  details.  At  the  bottom  of  the 
print,  on  a  small  label,  is  inscribed  "  Johan 
Wiring  cfelauit,"   and    at    the  top,    in   a  plain 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"!  S.  XI.  JoNE  1,  '67. 


oval,  is  a  three-quarter-face  portrait  of  Michael 
Angelo,  in  a  fur  cap,  circumscribed  — 

*' MICHAEL  AXGELVS   BONATOEVS   PATRICIVS    FLORENT. 
AN.   AGENS.    LXXm." 

S.  L, 

Commander  of  the  "  Nightingale."  — 
Memoires  d'un  Protestant  condamne  aux  Galeres, 
pour  Cause  de  Religion,  Sfc.  8fc. ;  republished  by 
Michel  Levy,  Freres,  1865.  In  this  work  (see 
from  p.  169  to  p.  186)  is  the  account  of  a  remark- 
able sea-fight,  which  took  place  off  Harwich, 
September  5,  1708,  between  the  British  frigate 
Nightingale  (convoy  to  a  fleet  of  merchantmen 
from  the  Texel)  and  several  French  galleys  from 
Dunkirk,  under  the  command  of  the  Chevalier  de 
Langeron.  The  gallant  resistance  of  the  Night- 
ingale, which  held  out  against  such  very  superior 
force  till  the  safety  of  the  merchantmen  had  been 
secured,  is  given  with  great  spirit  by  Jean  Mar- 
teilhe  (the  "  Protestant  condamne  aux  Galeres  "), 
then  chained  to  the  oar  on  the  Chevalier  de  Lan- 
geron's  own  galley.  He  also  relates  the  astonish- 
ment of  the  French  ofiicers  on  discovering — when 
at  length  the  Nightingale  had  been  boarded,  and 
her  commander  taken  —  that  their  prisoner  was 
"  un  petit  bossu ! "  He  was  treated  by  the 
Chevalier  de  Langeron  and  his  ofiicers  with  all 
the  courtesy  and  consideration  his  skill  and 
courage  deservedj  but  Jean  Marteilhe  regrets  that 
the  natne  of  the  brave  English  captain  had  escaped 
his  memory.  Are  there  any  means,  whether 
through  the  Admiralty  records  or  memoirs  of  the 
day,  of  supplying  the  deficiency  ? 

NOELL  RaDECLIFFE, 

Paesons  Family.  —  My  attention  has  been  ac- 
cidentally drawn  to  some  memoranda  of  a  family 
of  Parsons  in  an  early  number  of  the  Neio  England 
Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  and  as  the 
article  in  question  is  a  sad  medley  of  various 
totally  diff'erent  families,  some  notice  of  the  name 
may  be  of  service  to  your  Transatlantic  colleague. 

A  Buckinghamshire  family  (baronets),  now  ex- 
tinct, bore,  azure,  on  a  chevron  argent,  between 
three  oak  leaves  or,  as  many  crosses  gules. 

Distinct  families  of  the  name,  with  difierent 
coats  of  arms,  were  established  in  Herefordshire, 
Gloucestershire,  and  in  Sussex;  and  at  Milton, 
CO.  Oxford :  from  the  latter  a  family  in  Barbadoes 
is  said  to  descend.  But  the  family  referred  to 
among  the  early  settlers  in  New  England  (whose 
arms  are  correctly  given  in  the  N.  E.  Register) 
descends  from  the  family  of  Parsons  of  Black 
Torrington,  near  Highampton,  Devonshire,  who 
appear  to  have  been  allied  by  marriage  to  the 
Giffbrds',  Monks,  Mathews,  and  other  leading 
names  of  that  county.  Of  this  family  was  Sir 
John  Parsons,  Lord  Mayor  in  1704,  and  Sir  Hum- 
phrey Parsons,  who  held  the  same  office  in  1730, 
and  who  both  bore  the  same  arms.     A  tombstone 


(engraved  with  the  same  arms  and  crest)  to  the 
memory  of  John  Parsons,  Esq.,  of  Bere,  with  the 
date  1675,  was  recently  removed  from  the  church- 
yard of  Black  Torrington  to  the  adjacent  school- 
house  by  the  vicar. 

The  Irish  family  may  possibly  derive  from  the 
foregoing,  but,  according  to  the  Peerage,  they  have 
borne  within  the  last  forty  years  two  entirely  dif- 
ferent coats,  and  neither  of  them  that  of  the  Par- 
sons of  Black  Torrington.  A. 

Effigy  of  Johk  Pouter.  —  In  the  picturesque 
church  of  Claines,  Worcestershire,  there  stood  for- 
merly a  tomb,  surmounted  by  a  fine,  recumbent, 
life-size  figure,  clad  in  legal  robes  of  the  time,  and 
designated  in  the  quaint  inscription  round  it  as 
"  John  Porter  which  was  a  lawyer.  1577."  At 
some  period  this  monument  was  ejected  from  the 
church,  and  placed  against  the  outer  wall  at  the 
east  end.  It  is  now  immediately  under  the  eaves, 
and  is  exposed  to  constant  injury  from  damp  and 
wet ;  not  alone  the  drippings  of  the  roof,  but  the 
draining  of  the  soil,  for  the  churchyard  is  situated 
on  a  slope,  rising  considerably  near  that  end  of  the 
church,  and  the  base  of  this  rare  old  monument, 
in  its  degrading  exile,  is  far  below  the  level  of  the 
highest  ground.  The  limited  space  allotted  to  it 
does  not  admit  of  the  figure  retaining  its  original 
position,  so  that  instead  of  being  recumbent  hori- 
zontally it  faces  the  spectator,  and  appears  to  be 
resting  on  the  left  side.  When  Nash  compiled 
his  history  of  the  county,  this  venerable  memorial 
was  in  its  proper  place,  tvithin  the  church,  and  in 
perfect  condition,  as  shown  by  an  engraving  in  the 
work.  Since  its  removal  (apparently)  it  has  sus- 
tained the  loss  of  an  arm  and  a  leg.  Perhaps  some 
of  your  Worcestershire  readers  may  be  able  to  say 
at  what  date,  and  by  whose  authority,  this  act  of 
Vandalism  was  perpetrated.  C,  L. 

QtroTATiONS.  —  Can  any  kind  friend  spot  the 
following  ?  — 

"  Be  wise,  discreet,  of  dangers  take  good  heed; 
Be  cautious,  and  you  cannot  but  succeed  ; 
Shun  all  rash  acts,  let  moderation  mark 
Each  enterprise  on  which  you  may  embark ; 
And  from  your  minds  ne'er  let  there  be  effaced 
The  old  yet  sterling  proverb, '  Haste  makes  Waste.' " 
"  Whether  old  friend  or  new, 
Shy  friend  or  true, 
This  book  is  for  vou." 

H.  G.  B. 

The  Eeal  Eide  to  Yore. — 

"  Mr.  Richard  Turpin  rode  many  miles  from  the  time 
he  left  the  cradle  till  he  reached  the  gibbet,  but  he  never 
rode  from  London  to  York,  nor,  in  fact,  did  any  one  ever 
accomplish  that  extraordinary  ride.  The  myth  is,  how- 
ever, founded  on  a  real  incident.  In  1676,  one  Nicks,  a 
robber  haunting  the  road  between  Chatham  and  London 
to  rob  sailors  returning  to  town  with  their  paj',  and 
Kentish  traders  on  their  waj^  to  London,  plundered  a 
traveller  at  four  o'clock  in  the  morning  on  the  slope  of 
Gadshill,  the  spot  immortalised  by  Shakespeare,  and  for 


8'd  S.  XI.  June  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


441 


ever  associated  with  FalstaflPs  delightful  poltroonery. 
Being  on  a  blood  mare,  a  splendid  ba_y,  Nicks  determined 
to  prove  an  alibi  in  case  of  danger.  JHe  rode  off  straight 
to  Gravesend  ;  there  detained  an  hour  for  a  boat,  he  pru- 
dently baited  his  horse ;  then  crossing  the  water,  he 
dashed  across  Essex,  full  tilt  to  Chelmsford,  rested  half 
an  hour,  and  gave  his  horse  some  balls.  Then  he  mounted 
and  flashed  on  to  Bramborough,  Booking,  and  Wether- 
field,  fast  across  the  downs  to  Cambridge  ;  quick  by  bye- 
roads  and  across  country,  he  slipped  passed  Godman- 
chester  and  Huntingdon  to  Fenny  Stratford,  where  he 
baited  the  good  mare,  and  took  a  quick  half-hour's  sleep. 
Then  once  more  along  the  North-road  till  the  cathedral 
grew  up  over  the  horizon  larger — larger,  and  whiz — he 
darted  through  York  gate.  In  a  moment  he  had  led  the 
jaded  mare  into  an  inn  stable,  snapped  up  some  food, 
tossed  off  some  generous,  life-giving  wine,  and  in  a  fresh 
dress — say  green  velvet  and  gold  lace — strolled  out,  gay 
and  calm,  to  the  Bowling-green,  then  full  of  companj'. 
The  Lord  Mayor  of  the  city  happening  to  be  there,  Nicks 
sauntered  up  to  him  and  asked  liira  the  hour.  'A  quarter 
to  eight.'  '  Your  most  obedient.'  When  Nicks  was  ap- 
prehended and  tried  for  the  Gadshill  robbery,  the  pro- 
secutor swore  to  the  man,  the  place,  and  the  hour  ;  but 
Nicks  brought  the  Lord  Mayor  of  York  to  prove  an 
alibi;  and  the  jury,  disbelieving  in  Sir  Boj-le  Roach's 
bird  anywhere  out  of  Ireland,  acquitted  the  resolute  and 
sagacious  thief.  —  Dickens's  All  the  Year  Round."  — 
Standard,  May  23,  1867. 

A  story  told  in  All  the  Year  Round  and  copied 
into  The  Standard  is  necessarily  on  its  -way  to  a 
place  in  newspaper  history.  Some  parts  of  it 
look  '^  unliistoric."  Fenny  Stratford  is  not  in  a 
short  cut  from  Huntingdon  to  York ;  and  though 
travellers  in  1676  frequently  rode  with  saddle- 
bags, highvs^aymen  did  not ;  and  a  dress  of  "  say 
green  velvet  and  gold  lace  "  would  have  been  a  seri- 
ous impediment  to  fast  riding.  Did  Nicks  carry  the 
change  with  him,  or  have  it  made  by  a  fast  tailor, 
or  buy  it  ready  made  ?  When  and  where  was  he 
tried,  and  who  was  Mayor  of  York  at  the  time  ? 
These  and  other  questions  occur  to  me  ;  and  as  I 
wish  to  search  the  evidence,  and  separate  the 
mythic  from  the  historic,  an  answer  to  them,  or 
any  reference  to  original  authorities,  will  oblige. 

FlTZHOPKINS. 

Garrick  Club. . 

[The  same  story  has  been  told  of  William  Nevison, 
alias  "  Swift  Nick,"  who  was  executed  at  York  on  May  4, 
1684.  See  "  N.  &  Q."  2°d  S.  ix.  386, 433  ;  x.  338  ;  Gent's 
History  of  York,  p.  227;  and  Macaulav's  History  of  Eng- 
land, i.  381.— Ed.] 

Ballads  ok  Captain  John  Smith. — A  certain 
Captain  John  Smith,  an  officer  in  the  army  of  the 
Parliament,  was  accused  of  negligence  ;  and  thus 
being  indirectly  the  means  of  the  murder  of  Lieu- 
tenant-Col. Eainborowe  at  Doncaster,  in  October, 
1648.  He  says,  in  his  Vindication,  that  his  ene- 
mies "have  caused  Ballads  and  Songs  to  be  made 
of  me,  and  sung  up  and  down  London  streets." 
I  should  much  like  to  see  some  of  these.  Can 
anyone  direct  me  to  copies  in  print  or  manuscript  ? 
Edward  Peacock, 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg.    •  /,    '  •'• 


Song. — I  came  across  a  song  a  few  days  ago,  of 
which  I  append  the  words.  I  was  told  that  it  is 
a  fragment  of  a  song  frequently  sung  by  the 
Newcastle  pitmen.  The  melody,  as  I  heard  it, 
is  very  quaint,  and  also  good,  and  has  an  ancient 
ring  about  it.  Perhaps  you  or  some  of  your 
readers  can  give  the  rest  of  the  song,  or  anything 
of  its  history,  &c. 

"  I  saw  a  ship  sailing  on  the  sea, 
As  deeply  laden  as  she  could  be  ; 
But  not  so  deep  as  in  love  I  am, 
For  I  care  not  whether  I  sink  or  swim. 
"  I  leaned  my  back  against  an  oak, 
Thinking  it  was  some  trusty  tree ; 
But  first  it  bent,  and  then  it  broke, 
And  so  did  my  false  love  to  me. 
"  I  put  my  hand  into  a  thorn, 
Thinking  the  sweetest  rose  to  find  ; 
I  pricked  my  finger  to  the  bone. 
And  left  the  beauteous  flower  behind. 
"  I  wish,  I  wish,  but  'tis  all  in  vain — 
I  wish  I  had  my  heart  back  again ; 
I'd  lock  it  up  in  a  silver  box, 
And  fasten  it  with  a  golden  chain."  * 

C.  L.  Acland. 
"  Ut  Potiak  Patioe."— An  oil-painting,  kit- 
cat  size,  representing  a  divine,  in  costume  of  the 
first  half  of  the  seventeenth  century,  has  the 
above  motto  painted  in  white  letters  above  the 
head.  Can  anyone  throw  light  upon  the  subject? 
The  picture  was  found,  some  years  ago,  in  an 
old  farm-house  in  the  Vale  of  Berks,  and  is  sup- 
posed to  have  some  connection  with  the  old 
family  of  Fettyplace.  The  person  represented 
has  the  mustachios,  pointed  beard,  and  falling 
collars  of  the  period ;  and  his  hands  hold  a  copy 
of  Vincentius  Lirinensis.  T,  W.  W. 

Speen  Vicarage. 


Dr.  W.  Perfect. — A  week  or  two  since,  when 
looking  over  the  contents  of  a  London  book-stall, 
I  chanced  to  light  upon  a  number  of  quarto  and 
folio  volumes  all  in  MS.  On  making  inquiries  of 
the  master  of  the  stall,  he  told  me  he  knew  nothing 
about  them  except  that  they  were  written  by  "  a 
Mr.  Perfect,"  and  he  said  he  would  let  me  have 
the  fifteen  volumes  for  half  a  sovereign.  I  bar- 
gained him,  on  principle,  down  to  half  a  crown 
less,  and  told  him  to  send  me  the  books.  I  have 
not  had  time  to  more  than  dip  into  the  fifteen 
volumes  here  and  there.  Almost  all  are  bound 
in  parchment,  and  consist  for  the  most  part  of 
poems  of  a  considerable  length,  epigrams,  "  im- 
promptues,"  &c.  &c.  Most  appear,  from  notes 
appended   to   them,  to  have  been  published  in 

[  *  This  song  appears  to  consist  of  verses  made  up  from 
several  others,  e.  g.  the  second  verse  is  from  the  exquisite 
Scottish  song  "  Waly,  Waly."— Ed.] 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S»d  S.  XI.  JuKK  1,  '67. 


various  magazines  or  newspapers,  and  "  The 
Kentish  Muse"  (what  is  thatP)  seems  to  have 
been  largely  favoured.  The  writer,  as  far  as  I 
can  gather,  was  a  Dr.  W.  Perfect,  and  the  volumes 
all  date  about  1790.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
supply  me  with  any  information  with  regard  to 
this  gentleman  ?  F.  G.  W. 

Exeter  Coll.  Oxon. 

[William  Perfect,  M.D.,  resided  at  Town  Mailing  in 
Kent,  and  was  celebrated  for  his  successful  treatment  of 
cases  of  insanity,  while  his  social  and  moral  virtues  gained 
him  a  wide  circle  of  friends,  more  especially  the  esteem 
of  the  Ancient  and  Honourable  Society  of  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted Masons  in  that  county.  In  1766  he  published 
The  Laurel  JFreath,  being  a  Collection  of  Original  Miscel- 
laneous Poems  on  subjects  Moral,  Comic,  and  Divine, 
Lend.  2  vols.  12mo.  He  contributed  several  poetical 
pieces  to  the  Getitleman's  Magazine  and  other  periodicals 
of  the  time.  He  died  at  Mailing,  much  lamented,  in 
July,  1809.  His  daughter  became  the  wife  of  Mr.  Syl- 
VBbter  Harding,  the  eminent  engraver  in  Pall  Mall.] 

Eael  oFDrxFERMLiifE  (estikcx). — The  fourth 
earl  was  last  seen  in  Scotland,  charging  by  the 
side  of  the  Viscoimt  Dundee  (Claverhouse)  at 
Ivilliecrankie.  They  entered  the  smoke  of  the 
enemy's  fire  together,  and  Dundee  was  found 
dying  on  the  field.  Dunfermline  escaped  to  France, 
and  died  at  St.  Germains,  s.  p.  The  title  was 
settled  by  special  patent  on  Seton  of  Barns,  in 
default  of  direct  heirs ;  and  in  1715,  Seton  of  Barns, 
styling  himself  Earl  of  Dunfermline,  joined  the 
Chevalier  and  proclaimed  him  James  VIII.  Can 
anyone  inform  me  if  this  family  is  extinct,  or  if 
there  has  been  any  assumption  of  the  title  since 
1715.?  LectoPv. 

[When  James,  fourth  earl,  died  in  1694,  he  was  under 
attainder,  and  his  estates  in  possession  of  the  crown.  As 
he  had  no  issue,  the  title  became  extinct.  Mr.  Speaker 
Abercromby  was  created  Lord  Dunfermline  in  1839.  Any 
claim  of  Seton  of  Bams  was  barred  by  the  forfeiture, 
and  was  never  recognised  except  at  the  court  of  St. 
Germains. 

This  branch  of  the  family  is  also  extinct,  as  was  proved 
in  1840,  when  the  late  Lord  Eglintoun  was  served 
"  nearest  and  lawful  heir  male  general  of  provision  to 
George,  fourth  Earl  of  Wintoun." 

This  service,  which  was  before  a  jurj'  of  many  eminent 
la^TTers,  proceeded  on  the  principle  that  the  right  to  the 
honours  was  only  in  abeyance  during  the  existence  of  the 
attainted  earl,  and  the  heirs  entitled  to  succeed  under  the 
same  substitution  as  himself.  Accordingly,  the  right  to 
the  honours,  which  was  merely  suspended  for  a  time,  re- 
vived in  the  collateral  branch  of  Eglintoun  in  conse- 
quence of  the  failure  of  all  the  prior  branches  in  the 
direct  Wintoun  line.  The  evidence  laid  before  the  jury 
was  privately  printed,  and  we  have  no  doubt  that  a  copy 
could  be  procured  by  inquiry  in  Edinburgh.] 

Patrick  ADAMS0^^,  Archbishop  of  St.  Andrew's, 
•was  born  in  1536,  and  died  in  1591.    In  the  early 


part  of  his  life  (from  1566  to  1573)  he  resided  for 
some  years  in  France.  While  in  that  country 
he  wrote  Herod,  a  Latin  tragedy,  said  to  be 
printed  (in  France  ?)  in  1572.  It  is  net  included 
in  the  collection  of  his  poems,  published  in  1619. 
As  the  terms  "tragedy"  and  "comedy"  were,  at 
the  date  named  above,  sometimes  applied  to  poems 
as  well  as  dramas,  I  wish  to  know  whether  Herod 
is  really  a  dramatic  piece  or  play  ?  Is  it  named 
in  the  French  dictionaries  of  the  theatre,  or  any 
bibliography  relating  to  French  books,  printed  in 
the  sixteenth  century  ?  I  have  been  collecting 
materials  for  a  Scotch  Biographia  Dramatica,  and 
would  be  obliged  by  receiving  the  desired  inform- 
ation. E.  IXGLIS. 

[We  doubt  whether  the  tragedy  of  Herod  was  eve? 
printed.  Mr.  Ilalliwell  (Diet,  of  Old  Plays,  p.  118)  says 
it  was  iL-ritten  about  the  year  1 572  ;  and  Mackenzie,  in 
the  Writers  of  the  Scots  Nation,  iii.  365,  informs  us,  that 
"  whilst  Adamson  and  his  pupil  were  at  Bruges,  the  mas- 
sacre of  Paris  happened,  and  they  were  for  seven  months 
confined  to  a  tavern,  expecting  every  day  to  be  mas- 
sacred, during  which  time  he  wrote  his  poetical  Para- 
phrase upon  Job,  and  his  tragedy  of  Herod,  of  both 
which  he  sent  copies  to  Lyons  and  Paris  to  be  printed; 
but  the  civil  wars  of  Fi-ance  hiudered  them  from  being 
printed  at  that  time,  1572.  And  probably  they  had 
never  been  printed,  had  it  not  been  for  a  very  singular 
discovery  of  the  manuscripts  by  Dr.  Henrj'  Blackwood, 
who  sent  them  over  to  Scotland  to  our  author."  Only 
the  Paraphrase  on  Job,  we  suspect,  was  ever  printed.] 

MS.  Plays. — Would  you  oblige  me  by  answering 
two  or  three  queries  relating  to  the  MS.  Plays  in 
the  British  Museum  Library  presented  by  Mr. 
Patmore  ?  — 

1.  "  Conspiracy ;  or.  The  Wicklow  Motmtains," 
a  Tragedy,  by  E.  Pike,  1798. 

2.  Play  without  title  (query,  "  Matilda,"  opera- 
tic drama),  by  Thomas  Ingpen,  1801. 

3.  "  Saturday  Night,"  a  Comedy,  by  T. 
ChurchiU. 

4.  ''  The  Twins,"  a  Comedy,  by  W.  H.  B.  No 
date. 

Could  you  give  me  any  information  regarding 
the  respective  authors  which  can  be  obtained 
from  anv  letters  accompanying  the  MSS.  ? 

E.  L 

[1.  "The  Conspiracy"  consists  of  five  acts.  By  R. 
Pike,  Member  of  the  Philomathic  Society  at  Exeter, 
instituted  April  4,  1798. 

2.  '•  Matilda .'  "  in  two  acts.  Thomas  Ingpen,  (at) 
James  Burrough's,  Esq.,  C,  Fig  Tree  Court,  Temple,  or 
5,  Yale  Place,  Hammersmith.     Received  Oct.  19,  1801. 

3.  "  Saturday  Xight,"  in  two  acts.  A  letter  from 
T.  Churchill,  dated  Jan.  17,  1800,  requesting  his  Comedy 
may  be  perused. 

4.  "The  Twins,"  in  five  acts.  It  is  dated  Dec.  1, 
1792,  but  without  name  or  initials.] 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


443 


Count  KtrMFOKD,  —  Where  -was  Benjamin 
Thompson,  better  known  as  Count  Eumford, 
born  ?  Chalmers's  General  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary (1816)  says,  in  "  New  Hampshire,  at  the 
place  formerly  called  Rumford,  and  now  Con- 
cord." Maunder's  Biographical  Treasury  (1866) 
says  he  was  born  at  Wobiirn.     Which  is  right? 

Jatdee. 
[We  find  our  statement  {ante,  page  288)  that  the 
title  of  Count  Rumford  was  conferred  on  Sir  Benjamin 
Thompson  from  his  native  place  is  not  correct.  We  -were 
misled  by  the  notices  of  him  in  the  Gentlemaii's  and 
European  Magazines,  as  well  as  by  some  of  the  biographi- 
cal dictionaries.  It  appears  that  Benjamin  Thompson 
was  born  at  Wobura,  Massachusetts,  on  March  28,  1752. 
At  first  he  was  a  merchant's  clerk,  then  turned  to  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  eventually  became  a  schoolmaster 
at  Eumford  (now  Concord)  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
capital  of  the  state.  Hence  the  title  conferred  on  him  hj 
the  Elector  of  Bavaria.] 

Stotjebridge  Fair.  —  Where  shall  I  find  any 
account   of  Stourbridge   Fair  in  medieval   and 
modern  times?     I  know  what  is  to  be  seen  in  | 
Mr.  J.  E.  Thorold  Roger's  History  of  Agriculture^ 
vol.  i.  pp.  141-144.  "CoRifUB. 

[There  is  an  excellent  historical  account  of  Sturbridge 
Fair  from  the  earliest  time  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Hh- 
tory  of  Barnwell  Abbey,  in  Nichols's  Bibliotheca  Topo- 
graphica  Britannica,  No.  xxxviii.  Consult  also,  An 
Historical  Account  of  Sturbridge,  Bury,  and  the  most 
Famous  Fairs  in  Europe  and  America,  by  Charles  Carac- 
cioli,  Camb.  8vo ;  as  well  as  A  Tour  through  Great 
Britain,  edit.  1769,  i.  91-97,  and  "N.  &  Q."  2q<i  S.  x.  41. 
There  is  much  about  this  celebrated  Fair  in  the  Addit. 
MSS.  (Brit.  Mas.),  Nos.  5813,  5821,  5822,  5843,  5845, 
5847,  5852,  5881.] 


OBSOLETE  PHRASES. 

(3'0  S.  xi.  377.) 

Taking  these  not  in  the  order  in  which  they 
are  printed,  but  as  the  explanation  of  each  oc- 
curred to  me,  I  beg  to  oiFer  the  following  sug- 
gestions as  to  their  meaning :  —  j 

Babelards.  —  This,  though  an  old,  can  scarcely 
be  called  an  obsolete  French  word.  In  Boyer's 
Royal  Dictionary  ahridged,  Fretich  and  English, 
London,  1728,  you  have  — 

"  Babil,   prating.     Babillard,   adj.,   talkative.      Clue)i 
babilard,  a  hound  that  opens  on  a  false  scent  (a  babling 
cur).     Babillard,  a  babler,  a  blab ;  and  in  the  case  of  a  | 
woman,  a  gossip.     Lastly,  the  verb  Babiller,  to  chatter."     j 

To  heat  or  pad  the  hoof,  is  also  an  old  but  not 
obsolete  English  expression,  in  the  sense  of  walk- 
ing. One  of  the  minor  pimishments  in  our  cavalry 
regiments  is  still  called  "  pad  drill " ;  where  the 


culprit  for  a  certain  time  walks  back  and  forwards 
on  a  limited  portion  of  the  barrack  yard,  carrying 
not  only  his  own  but  also  his  horse's  accoutre- 
ments. 

Theidin,  more  properly  tewtin,  is  soft  muslin. 
See  Halliwell,  voce  "  Tewed." 

Pattacoon  is  an  evident  corruption  oij)^^  coin. 

Champhire  posset  would  seem  to  be  a  corrup- 
tion oi  chamarre,  daubed,  imdLpoussiere,  dust. 

Balatroon. — "  Ballatron,  a  rascal,  a  thief."  See 
Halliwell. 

Pisjnire  is  an  ant. — Men-y  has  the  sense  of 
active,  bustling,  referring  to  the  enjoyment  de- 
rived from  rapid  motion  or  active  occupation. 
You  have  the  analogous  phrase,  "^  As  merry  as  a 
grig"  (cricket).  Jolly  is  sometimes  used  in  the 
same  way,  as  for  instance,  "  Jolly  as  a  sand-boy," 
which  is  derived  from  similar  movements  of  small 
insects  found  in  sand. 

"  Come  gentlemen,  one  bottle,  and  then  7ve'U 
toss  the  stocking,"  means,  one  bottle  more  and 
then  we  break  up.  The  allusion  is  to  throwing 
the  bride's  stocking,  at  the  close  of  a  wedding 
feast, 

Tickin  shoes  are  slippers  made  of  ticken,  the 
stuff  with  which  feather  beds  are  covered.  I  have 
had  a  pair  of  cricketing  shoes  made  of  it.  In 
France,  slippers  made  of  ticken  are  often  worn 
under  the  wooden  sabot ;  but  such  an  article  would 
be  a  luxury  among  the  peasants  and  lower  classes 
of  the  towns. 

Crumpe-ri.ig  is  a  corruption  of  cramp-ring,  a 
ring  consecrated  on  Good  Friday,  and  believed  to 
be  efficacious  for  curing  the  cramp.  Similar  rings, 
although  unconsecrated,  are  still  worn  in  many- 
rural  districts  as  a  preservative  against  rheu- 
matism. 

"  Constable  with  a  bach  on  his  bill,"  is  endorse- 
ment on  his  warrant.  If  this  has  been  granted 
by  the  authorities  of  one  county,  a  constable  can- 
not execute  it  in  an  adjoining  one  imtil  it  has 
been  backed  by  a  magistrate  thereof.  The  word 
kill,  in  the  same  quotation,  appears  to  refer  to  the 
civil  death  of  parties  who  are  proclaimed  outlaws. 
Leva. — I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  printed 
account  of  the  rules  of  basset.  But  leve  in  French 
means  a  trick,  and  lever  is  "to  turn  a  trick."  An 
analogy  may  perhaps  be  found  in  cribbage  :  when 
either  party  makes  thirty-one  in  the  play,  both 
turn  down  the  cards  they  have  used.    Rustictjs. 

Pattacoon.  —  "  Patacon,  patacoon,  a  Spanish 
silver  coin,  worth  4s.  8d"  —  Meadows,  Spanish 
Dictionary. 

Balatroon.  — "  Baladron,  a  bragger,  boaster, 
vaporer,  bully." — Id. 

Babelard. — "  Babillard,  a  babler,  tatler,  prater, 
pratler,  chatterer,  j  angler,  word-monger ;  talka- 
tive companion;  one   whose  tongue  never  lyes 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  JusE  1,  '67. 


(7,  e.  never  is  still],  and  yet  he  often  lyes,"  — 
Cotgrave,  French  Dictionary. 

I  may  add  that  I  suppose  the  phrase,  "  Merry 
as  a  pismire,"  to  be  much  the  same  as  "Merry  as 
a  grig,"  i.  e.  as  nimble  as  an  ant  or  an  eel,  as  the 
case  may  be.  The  force  of  merry  used  to  be  much 
the  same  as  that  of  lively  is  now,  as  I  have  already 
statedjn  "  N.  &  Q.,"  3'"  S.  x.  516. 

Waltee  W.  Skeat. 

Cambridge.  

Ticken  sAoes=canvas  slippers. 

Crumpe-7-ing=cramp-vixio;:  formerly  a  sovereign 
remedy  for  cramp  and  the  falling  sickness.  Lord 
Berners,  ambassador  to  Spain  temp.  Henry  VIII., 
writes  from  Saragossa  to  Cardinal  Wolsey  :  — 

"  If  your  Grace  remember  me  -ndth  some  crampe  i^joigs 
ye  shall  doo  a  thing  muche  looked  for ;  and  I  trust  to 
bestow  thaym  -well,  Tvith  Goddes  grace." 

As  merry  as  a  pismire.\ — In  allusion  to  the 
bustling  active  motion  of  a  swarm  of  ants. 

Beat  the  Aoo/"=" pad  the  hoof"  of  modem 
slang,  i.  e.  to  walk. 

Cliamphire posset  ■=  S2xa.-^^\rQ  (Crithmum  mari- 
ti^nuni) ;  grows  on  the  sea-shore,  has  a  piquant 
aromatic  flavour,  and  is  still  in  use  as  a  favourite 
pickle. 

Toss  the  stochen  =  stocking :  an  obsolete  cere- 
monial at  bridals.  John-  Pavpn  Phillips. 

A  bache  oti  his  bill. — Is  not  this  (judgin*  from 
the  buU  of  the  next  line)  a  mere  humorous  inver- 
sion of  "  a  bill  on  his  back  ?  "  The  bill  being,  of 
course,  of  that  kind  on  which  Eosalind  quirks  : 

"  With  bills  on  their  necks,  '  Be  it  Imown  unto  all 
men  bv  these  presents.' "  —  As  You  Like  It,  Act  I. 
Sc.  2,  108. 

Crumpe-ring. — On  the  passage  quoted,  there  is 
a  long  note  in  Dodsley's  Old  Plays,  vol.  x.  p.  212 
(ed.  1826).  There  the  spelling  is  cramp-ring, 
which  was  a  ring  for  curing  the  cramp.  English 
kings  consecrated  these  rings  yearly.  Sometimes, 
it  seems,  they  were  made  out  of  old  coffin-handles. 

Merry  as  a  pismire. — Pismire  =  ant :  and  the 
proverb  is  only  another  form  of  "Merry  as  a 
grig." 

Beat  the  hoof  :=  slang,  ''Pad  the  hoof,"  which 
Hotten  explains,  "to  walk,  not  ride."  Is  the 
phrase  equivalent  here  to  "  turn  street- walker  "  ? 
The  context  points  that  way. 

Pattacoon.  —  "A  Spanish  coin,  worth  As.  8cl. 
sterling."     See  Xarea  under  "  Patacoon." 

Babelarcls=FreTich.  babillarcls='bahleTS. 

Balatroon,  from  Latin  balatro,  a  buffoon ;  Med. 
Latin,  balator  ;  Old  French,  baladeur  and  baladin. 
See  Horace,  Satires  i.  ii.  :  — 

"  Ambubaiarum  collegia,  pharmacopolse, 
Mendici,  mima?,  balatrones,  hoc  genus  omne,"  &c. 

John  Addis,  Jttk. 
Eustington,  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 


JUNIUS. 
(3"»  S.  viii.  231.) 
Mr.  Phillips,  of  Cecil  Street,  Strand,  extracted 
(December  4,  1767)  a  copy  of  the  royal  grant  of 
Whittlebury  Forest  to  the  Duke  of  Grafton  from 
the  RoUs  Chapel.  Mr.  Bruce  desired  (3"i  S. 
viii.  270)  to  know  something  about  this  Mr.  Phil- 
lips. The  following  extracts  from  the  Grenville 
Papers  have  considerable  beaiing  on  the  subject: 

"  As  Lord  Temple  was  the  owner  of  property  closely 
adjoining  the  boundaries  of  the  forest,  and "  perhaps 
originally  a  part  of  it,  it  would  be  more  likely  that  he 
was  in  possession  of  a  copy  of  the  grant,  which  may  have 
been  formerl}-  procured  for  some  purpose  connected  with 
the  peculiar  rights  or  privileges  of  the  land  in  question, 
which  had  belonged,  before  the  Eeformation,  to  the  monks 
of  Suffield  Abbey ;  and  among  the  multitudinous  contents 
of  the  Evidence-room  at  Stowe  —  the  accumulation  of 
nearly  three  centuries  and  several  generations — it  is  not 
impossible  but  that  such  a  document  may  still  exist, 
although  in  my  former  i-esearches  I  cannot  now  recollect 
having  seen  it  there." — Vol.  iii.  p.  cxxvli. 

"  Mr.  Cotes  only  told  me  that  I  knew  what  I  had  re- 
ceived from  your  lordship  before  I  left  England;  and 
that  as  to  what  had  happened  since,  it  was  onh^  what 
your  lordship  had  supplied  Mr.  Phillips  with  from  time 
to  time,  and  he  desired  me  not  to  write  to  Phillips,  as  he 
was  very  suspicious  of  his  character." — Vol.  iv.  p.  16. 

"  Phillips  Avas  an  attorney  emplo}' ed  by  Wilkes.  He 
lived  in  Cecil  Street,  Strand." — Wilkes  to  Lord  Temple, 
May  11,  1767.     Xote  by  Editor. 

These  extracts,  j  oined  with  Mr.  Hart's  searches, 
prove  that  Lord  Temple  might  have  had  occasion 
for  a  copy  of  the  grant  in  question,  and  that  a 
copy  was  extracted  by  an  attorney  with  whom  he 
had  business  relations.  Might  not  Phillips  have 
been  Lord  Temple's  own  man  of  business  ? 

I  perfectly  agree  with  Mr.  Hart  (3^*  S.  xi.  101) 
that  Junius  will  turn  up  one  day  in  propria  per- 
sona, and  think  that  it  will  happen  all  the  sooner  if 
it  be  laid  down  as  a  canon  that  Sir  Philip  Francis 

was  an  unmitigated  when  he  claimed  to 

have  written  the  letters. 

I  believe  that  Guy  Cooper  was  the  Treasury 
employe  who  supplied  Junius  with  information 
such  as  Mr.  Hart  suggests.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  where  to  find  anything  about  his 
private  life  and  connections  ? 

John  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

[Our  correspondent  should  bear  in  mind  that  although 
the  behaviour  of  Sir  Philip  Francis,  when  the  authorship 
of  Junius  was  mentioned  before  him  was  such  as  to  leave 
the  impression  that  he  was  not  altogether  displeased  at 
"  the  soft  impeachment,"  he  never  "  claimed  to  have 
written  the  letters."  Dr.  Francis  and  his  son  Sir  Philip 
owed  everything  to  George  III. ;  and  the  many  weU-in- 
formed  students  of  the  question  who  share  the  opinions 
of  Mr.  Tavlor  and  Lord  Macaulay  that  Francis  was  the 
writer  of  the  Letter  to  the  King,  must  admit  that  what- 
ever be  his  merits  as  a  political  writer,  his  character  as  a 
man  was  therebv  stamped  with  the  basest  ingratitude. — 
Ed.  «  N.  &  Q."] 


3'dS.XI.  Joije1,'67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


rLINTOFT'S  CHANT. 
(3"»S.  X.  206;  xi,  267,  391.) 

If  I  rightly  understand  the  gist  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  Pake's  communication,  it  is  to  the  effect 
that  Flintoft's  chant  is  not  old,  but  that  it  is  "  from 
a  harmony  by  Flintoft "  by  the  late  Dr.  Crotch. 
Mr.  Parr  says  that  he  has  "not  met  with  an 
old  copy,"  and  he  refers  to  several  collections,  of 
which  Harrison's,  in  1790,  is  the  oldest  with  which 
he  is  acquainted.  I  am  afraid  that  Mr.  Parr's 
knowledge  of  our  old  Chant  Books  is  very  limited, 
if  he  has  no  earlier  data  to  draw  his  conclusions 
from. 

It  is  now  popularly  believed  that  the  origin  of 
our  form  of  double  chant  was  the  result  of  acci- 
dent ;  and  the  earliest  authority  for  this  belief,  is 
the  preface  to  a  collection  of  chants  by  the  Rev. 
W.  H.  Havergal,  bearing  date  January,  1836. 
The  writer's  words  are  these  :  — 

"  It  is  stated  that  an  apprentice  to  Mr.  Hine,  of  Glou- 
cester, was  one  Aaj  playing  the  chant  in  time  of  divine 
service,  and,  either  from  caprice  or  carelessness,  struck 
into  another  chant  in  the  same  kej'.  This  incidental 
circumstance  gave  rise  to  the  short-lived  custom  of  link- 
ing two  single  chants  together  ;  from  whence  the  regular 
composition  of  double  chants  naturally  followed.  Their 
introduction,  however,  was  very  gradual,  as  the  older 
organists  considered  them  an  innovation.  AVithout  doubt 
they  were  rather  uncommon  before  the  middle  of  the 
last  century,  and  did  not  come  into  general  use  till  some 
time  after  that  period.  At  the  end  of  Dr.  Boyce's  first 
volume  of  cathedral  music,  published  in  1760,  is  'A 
Double  Chant,'  inserted  apparently  as  somewhat  of  a 
rarity,  and  as  one  of  the  earliest  and  best  of  its  kind.  It 
is  usually  attributed  to  Mr.  Robinson,  Avho  was  organist 
of  Westminster  Abbey  in  1740.  In  after  years,  it  was  a 
peculiar  favourite  with  George  the  Third." 

William  Hiae  was  organist  of  Gloucester  Ca- 
thedral between  the  years  1711  and  1732,  having 
succeeded  Stephen  Jeffreys  to  the  post  in  the 
first  named  year ;  and  I  think  it  would  not  be  a 
matter  of  very  great  difficulty  to  prove,  that 
double  chants  existed  at  an  earlier  period  than 
the  date  of  his  appointment.  The  story  of  the 
apprentice  is  so  very  clumsy  and  unlikely,  that 
we  may  venture,  without  much  deliberation,  to 
place  it  among  the  many  myths  of  a  like  kind 
that  have  crept  into  popular  belief. 

Double  chants  were  more  common  at  an  early 
period  than  has  hitherto  been  supposed.  I  have 
lately  become  possessed  of  a  MS.  volume  of  chants 
of  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century  (cer- 
tainly before  1725),  in  which  many  double  chants 
occur  ("  double  tunes "  they  are  called),  by  Mr. 
Nalson,  Mr.  Knight,  Mr.  Finch,  Thomas  Preston, 
William  Lee,  Mr.  Goodson,  and  one  by  Mr.  Flin- 
toft— the  identical  chant,  in  four-part  harmony, 
of  which  Mr.  Parr  has  seen  no  earhj  copy !  In 
the  preface  before  mentioned,  Mr.  Havergal  says — 
"  There  is  no  instance  of  a  double  chant  in  the 
Aldrichian  MSS.  at  Oxford."      Now  I  am  well 


acquainted  with  the  noble  collection  at  Christ 
Church  referred  to,  and  I  beg  to  assure  him  that 
there  are  at  least  two  old  double  chants  in  that 
repository,  one  by  Dr.  W.  Turner,  and  the  other  by 
B.  Isaack,  both  of  whom  died  before  the  middle  of 
the  last  century.  Mr.  Parr  has  seen  no  printed 
collection  of  chants  before  1790.  I  now  beg  to 
refer  him  to  the  following  interesting  books  in 
my  possession :  — 

"  Fifty  Double  and  Single  Chants,  as  performed  at  St. 
Paul's,  Westminster  Abbey,  &c."  Small  4to.  Thomp- 
son, n.  d.  [1740.] 

"  Vandernan's  Di\-ine  Harmony,  a  Collection  of  Single 
and  Double  Chants  in  Score."    Small  4to,  oblong.    1770. 

These  collections  show  the  early  use  of  double 
chants,  and  both  contain  Flintoft's  chant  as  it  is 
note  hioivn,  so  that  Dr.  Crotch  could  not  have 
adapted  it  "  from  a  harmony  by  Flintoft." 

Your  correspondent  W.  L.  D.  is  correct  in  as- 
serting the  great  resemblance  between  this  fine 
old  chant  and  the  metrical  tune  in  Playford's  Psal- 
ter of  1671.  I  feel  certain  that  there  is  some 
mysterious  connection  between  the  two.  It  may 
be  that  Flintoft  merely  adapted  the  metrical  time. 
This  practice  was  not  uncommon,  for  in  my  MS. 
(before  referred  to)  I  find  "  A  Double  Tune  by 
Mr.  Finch  made  from  the  Air  of  St.  James's 
Psalm  Time."  At  any  rate,  be  the  matter  as  it 
may,  the  strong  resemblance  in  question  is  only 
another  proof  that  the  whole  form  of  melody 
existed  at  an  early  date  ;  thus  bearing  out  my 
assertion  that  Flintoft's  double  chant  is  probably 
the  oldest  in  existence.      Edwarb  F.  Rimbaitli. 


''The  Lass  of  Richmonb  Hill"  (3'<^  S.  xi. 
343, 362.) — The  editorial  note  is  correct  in  ascrib- 
ing this  song  to  Upton,  the  poet  of  Vauxhall  and 
Ranelagh.  His  effusions  were  numerous,  and  in 
general  were  written  in  the  mawkish  pastoral 
style  of  the  day.  Upton  wrote  a  good  burlesque 
on  "  My  Mother,"  or  rather  in  ridicule  of  its 
numerous  imitations,  such  as  "  My  Grandmother,'' 
"My  Donkey,"  "My  Pony,"  &c.  &c.  Upton's 
burlesque  was  called  "  My  Uncle ! "  and  was  a 
finisher  of  the  My's.     The  first  verse  was  — 

"  Who  lives  where  hang  three  golden  balls, 
Where  Dick's  poor  mother  often  calls, 
And  leaves  her  tippets,  hats,  and  shawls  ? 
My  Uncle ! " 

So  much  for  the  bard  of  Richmond  Hill. 

Mr.  Crisp  (p.  363)  is  altogether  in  error  in 
transferring  the  locale  to  Richmond  in  Yorkshire, 
a  place  with  which  I  am  well  acquainted,  and 
where  I  never  knew  any  "  Richmond  HilV  The 
abode  of  the  "Lass "'was  most  assuredly  the 
metropolitan  Richmond,  in  Surrey ;  and  I  cannot 
divest  myself  of  the  idea,  that  the  song  has  refer- 
ence to  the  legend  (or  history)  of  the  King  and 
the  "  fair  Quakeress."     It  is  a  freak  of  imagina- 


446 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  JONE  1,  '67. 


tion  indeed,  to  tiiiak:  tliat  poor  L'pton  plagiarised 
from  an  old  French,  song !  IlusTicrs  (p.  363j 
cannot  be  serious.  J.  H.  D. 

Florence. 

The  Beothees  Baxdieea  (3'^  S.  xi.  160, 386.) 
In  common  Tvith  all  persons  who  value  historical 
accuracy,  I  am  much  obliged  to  Fiax  Justitia  for 
his  corrections  of  my  mistakes  on  the  above  sub- 
ject, and  still  more  for  his  reference  to  the  books 
where  fuller  information  can  he  obtained.  But 
my  object  in  this  letter  is  to  point  out  an  im- 
portant truth  not  generally  recognised.  Whether 
the  brothers  Bandiera,  and  all  such  men,  are  re- 
membered or  forgotten  is  (or  seems  to  ?»e)  a 
matter  of  little  consequence ;  but  what  is  of  con- 
sequence is,  first,  that  if  their  memory  is  preserved 
(as  in  the  poetiy  of  E.  B.  Browning  and  Landor), 
it  should  be  known  who  they  were,  either  by  a 
historical  note  on  the  passage,' or  a  reference  such 
as  your  coiTespondent  has  given ;  and,  secondly, 
that  such  account  should  be  as  accurate  as  possible, 
however  brief.  On  both  these  accounts  the  public 
is  much  indebted  to  your  correspondent.  Still, 
my  account  being  true  in  the  main  facts  (except 
as  regards  Mazzini,  as  to  whom  I  was  misled  by 
The  Times)  was  better  than  none,  and  seems  to 
have  been  the  means  of  calling  forth  your  corre- 
spondent's valuable  reply.  There  is  an  omission 
of  a  sentence  in  my  letter  after  the  word  "  Eng- 
land" (p.  160,  col.  2,  line  8)  which  renders  the 
expression  "  The  fraud  "  unintelligible,  or  at  least 
inappropriate.  The  fraud  I  mentioned  was,  forging 
the  seals  (on  resealing  the  letters),  and  (still 
worse)  altering  the  dates  of  the  post-mark,  so  that 
the  person  who  received  the  letters  might  have  no 
suspicion  of  their  having  been  opened.  I  referred 
to  this  again  at  the  end  of  the  paragraph  in  the 
words  "  either  with  or  without  the  frauds,"  which 
require  the  omitted  sentence  to  explain  them. 

MiSAPATES. 

Maechpa^t:  (3"»  S.  iv.  476  ;  xi.  345.)  —  This 
word  is  a  corruption  from  the  French  masse-paiti, 
whence  the  Ital.  marzapane,  Sp.  mazapdn.  (Med. 
Lat.  massapanum,  arcula,  Gall,  petite  boite ;  Mas- 
siliensibus,  tmmepan,  see  Dufresne).  "  Massepains 
royaux,  massepains  de  Turin,  massepains  de  mar- 
rons,  massepains  files,  massepains  de  pistaches." 
E.  S.  Chaexock. 

Qttaeteemastee,  Caeeiagemastee,  and  See- 
geaxt-Majoe  (S'l  S.  iv.  29.)  —At  the  above  re- 
ference I  asked  for  information  as  to  the  rank  and 
duties  of  these  officers  under  the  Tudor  and  Stuart  I 
sovereigns,  but   as   yet  without   success.      I  see  | 
D'Altou's  Army  List  of  James  II.  gives  several  I 
quartermasters    as    holding  commissions  in  the 
same  corps,  contrary  to  the  present  practice. 


In  Rushworth's  Collections, 


sergeants  major  are 


seemingly  placed  in  the  same  position  as  majors. 
Sir  William  Waller  was  given  the  command  of 


his  important  army  as  Sergeant-Major-General 
under  the  Lord  General,  the  Earl  of  Essex ;  and 
Brown  was  entrusted  with  the  army  raised  by  the 
Parliament  to  drive  the  King  from  Oxford  under 
a  similar  title.  (Rushworth,  v.  653,  673.) 

S.P.  V. 

HA^■:N•AH  LiGHTFOOT  (3"*  S.  xi.  passim.) — If 
any  deputation  of  the  Society  of  Friends  waited 
upon  George  III.  and  rebuked  him,  the  records  of 
the  society  will  furnish  the  evidence.  The  whole 
affair  seems  so  inconsistent  with  the  courtly  rela- 
tions of  the  society  and  with  the  prerogative 
notions  of  George  III.  that  we  may  dismiss  it, 
notwithstanding  the  ready  belief  of  John  Shackle- 
ton's  provincial  friend.  It  is  strange  that  neither 
Friends  nor  the  public  should  have  openly  known 
of  this  i-ifacci)nento  of  Beckford. 

It  is  strange  too  the  society  continued  its  rela- 
tions with  the  impenitent  king  and  with  his  con- 
sort, the  royal  Charlotte.  The  scandal  has  been 
talked  of  among  Friends,  but  not  authenticated 
as  it  could  have  been,  for  one  of  the  alleged 
actors  was  well  enough  known  in  the  society. 

R.  K. 

Moxtezujia's  Ctjp  (3'''^  S,  xi.  377.) — Through 
the  reception  of  a  note  kindly  sent  to  me  by  Mr. 
Beck,  I  am  enabled  to  answer  my  oWn  inquiry  in 
reference  to  this  very  interesting  relic. 

"  Montezuma's  golden  cup  is  in  Lord  Amherst's  posses- 
sion. He  lent  it  to  me  for  the  special  exhibition  of  plate 
at  the  Archaeological  Institution  Rooms,  in  Suffolk  Street, 
in  1860,  and  again  at  the  Loan  Collection,  South  Kensing- 
ton Museum,  in  1862,  You  wiU  find  it  in  the  last  edition 
of  the  Loan  Collection  Catalogue,  p.  694,  Xo.  7857." 

The  information  has  enabled  me  to  trace  the 
descent  of  the  cup,  and  to  verify  the  statements  of 
Robertson  and  Daines  Barrington  a  century  ago. 
I  see  by  the  Peerage  that  Lord  Amherst's  father 
married  in  July,  1800,  "  Sarah,  daughter  and  co- 
heir of  Andrew,  second  and  last  Lord  Archer." 
FEA^*CIS  Teexch. 

Islip  Rectory,  Oxford. 

Rooji,  GooLD,  ETC.  (2,^^  S.  xi.  22,  26.)  —  Rooin 
for  Rome  was  the  stage  pronunciation  here  forty- 
five  years  ago.  I  never  heard  gold  called  goold, 
but  one  of  my  schoolmasters  told  us  that  some 
persons  did  so,  and  that  one  of  them  had  this 
question  put  to  him — "  Sir,  if  I  may  be  so  hoold, 
I  should  like  to  be  toold  why  you  call  it  gooW 

To  the  examples  of  strange  pronunciation  given 
on  p.  26,  as  common  in  England,  may  be  added 
Berrick  for  Bencick,  and  Beaver  Castle  for  Bel- 
voir  Castle. 

The  murder  of  a  Col.  Sharp  by  a  man  named 
Beauchamp  in  Kentucky-,  about  the  year  1822, 
created  great  excitement  in  the  western  country. 
It  was  committed  at  the  instigation  of  Beau- 
champ's  wife,  who  had  been  seduced  by  Sharp 
before  her  marriage.  Here  we  call  the  name 
Bo-shamp,  as  a  Frenchman  would  pronounce  it. 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


It  was  mentioned  as  a  Western  peculiarity  that 
there  he  wfis  called  Becchum:  but  I  have  been 
lately  told  that  the  name  is  thus  pronounced  in 
England.  Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 

Vowel  Changes  :  a,  aw  (3'<^  S.  xi.  94,  223, 
S26.)  —  Of  Mr.  Hyde  Clarke's  last  communica- 
tion (p.  326)  I  can  really  understand  only  the 
first  and  second  sentences.  His  suggestion  that 
the  onus  prohandi  now  rests  with  me  is  indeed 
amusing.  He  began  (p.  94)  by  making  the  start- 
'  ling  assertion  that  "  the  substitution  of  ah  for  mv 
took  place  in  France  in  a  great  degree  towards 
the  end  of  the  last  century  and  the  beginning  of 
this,  when  a,  pas,  Sec,  became  ah,  pah,  Sec,  instead 
of  aw,  pa7v,"  Sec  I  challenged  him  to  bring  for- 
ward proofs  that  previously  to  the  time  he  men- 
tions the  French  sounded  their  vowel  a  like  the 
English  a  in  7oatcr ;  and  he  retorts  that  it  was  for 
me  to  prove  the  French  did  not  so  sound  it. 

Mr.  Ainger's  note  (p.  94)  "illustrative  of  what 
was  the  English,  if  not  the  French,  pronunciation 
of  the  letter  a  in  French  words  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  last  century,"  has  no  bearing  on  Mr. 
Clarke's  assertion.  To  the  ordinary  true  Briton 
the  clear,  broad,  continental  a  was  no  doubt  as 
much  a  stumbling-block  in  Sheridan's  days  as  it 
is  in  our  own.  J.  DixoN^. 

Contingent  Claimants  to  the  Throne  on 
the  Death  or  Elizabeth  (S'-^S.  xi.  246,  .344.)  — 
I  made  no  confusion  between  the  titles  of  Hert- 
ford and  Plereford.  J.  G.  N.  will  see  the  descent 
of  the  Earl  of  Hertford  from  Thomas,  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  son  of  Edward  III.  (through  females, 
as  I  stated.)  by  the  following  passage  from  Col- 
iins's  Peeraf/e,  under  the  title  "  Somerset "  :  — 

"  Hii  Grace  the  Duke  of  Somerset  (the  Protector)  by 
his  second  wife  Anne,  daughter  to  Sir  Edward  Stanhope, 
of  Sudbun--  in  Suffolk,  and  of  Eampton  in  com.  Xott. 
Knt.  (and"  heir  to  her  mother,  Elizabeth,  sister  to  Sir 
John  Bourchier,  Earl  of  Bath,  and  great-granddaughter  of 
William  Bourchier,  Earl  of  Ewe,  in  Normandy,  by  Anne 
his  wife,  daughter  and  sole  heir  of  Thomas  of  Woodstock, 
Duke  of  Gloucester,  seventh  and  youngest  son  of  Edward 
III.)  had  issue  three  sons,  Edward,  afterwards  Earl  of 
Hertford " 

The  high  descent  of  the  Protector's  second  wife 
appears  to  have  been  the  reason  that  the  patents 
creating  him  baron  and  duke  (Feb.  1546-7)  were 
with  limitation  to  the  heirs  male  of  his  body  by 
Anne  his  second  wife,  and  only  in  default  of  such 
issue  to  his  son  by  Catherine  his  first  wife,  daugh- 
ter and  coheir  of  Sir  William  Fillol,  of  Fillol 
Hall  in  Essex,  Knt.  H.  P.  D. 

Carrion  (3"^  S.  xi.  32.) — If  carrion  is  used  as 
an  adjective  in  Shakeepeare's  carrion  kite,  it  must 
be  so  in  the  name  carrion  crozo,  which  is  not  yet 
obsolete.  These  names  seem  rather  to  be  com- 
pound nouns,  like  fish-hawk  and  some  others. 

Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 


Agtjdeza  :  Fernan  Caballero  (3'^  S.  xi.  22.) 
There  can  be  no  "  breach  of  confidence  "  in  re- 
vealing the  real  name  of  the  lady  who  shrouds 
her  personality  under  the  above  num-de-plmne,  as 
it  is  already  given  to  the  public  in  Wheeler's 
Noted  Names  of  Fiction,  p.  63,  where  it  is  stated 
to  be  Dona  Cecilia  Arrom.  Archimedes. 

Song  (S"""*  S.  xi.  332.)  —  The  song  jour  corre- 
spondent inquires  after  is  called  "  Sir  Andrew's 
Dream."  It  was  written  by  Thomas  Moore  as  a 
satire  on  Sir  Andrew  Agnew.  It  is  too  long  to 
quote  in  ''  N.  &  Q."  Your  readers  will  find  it  in 
the  one  volume  edition  of  Moore's  Poetical  Works, 
1853,  p.  5.32.  K.  P.  D.  E. 

Quotation  wanted  (3''^  S.  xi.  373.) — 

*'  It  is  not  sleep. 

But  those  tremendous  forms  which  people  night, 

I  dread," 

is  given  in  Walker's  Historical  Memoir  on  Italian 

Tragedy,  p.  97  (London,  1799),  as  a  translation  of 

"  Onde  s'  io  temo  il  i 


E  la  quiete,  anzi  1'  orribil  guerra 
De'  notturni  fantasmi  a  1'  aria  fosca." 

Tasso,  //  Torrismondo,  Atto  I.  sc.  1. 

The  English  is  very  fine,  but  as  the  fantasmi 
are  seen  by  Alvida  in  dreams,  it  is  hardly  correct 
to  say  that  it  is  not  sleep  which  she  fears.  A  few 
lines  above  she  says, — 

"  Oimfe !  gia  mai  non  chiudo 
Queste  luci  gia  stanche  in  breve  sonno, 
Ch'  a  me  forme  d'  orrore,  e  di  spavento 
II  sogno  non  presenti." 

She  then  proceeds  to  tell  her  dreams. 

II  Torrismondo  is  so  moderately  praised  by 
Walker  and  Sismondi,  that  I  should  probably 
never  have  read  it  but  for  referring  to  the  original 
to  verify  the  quotation.  I  recommend  it  to  those 
who  have  not.  As  a  play  it  is  undramatic,  but  as 
a  poem  extremely  beautiful,  though  often  tedious. 
Speeches  of  more  than  three  hundred  lines  would 
be  too  much  for  the  lungs  of  an  actor  or  the 
patience  of  an  audience ;  and  incidents  which 
would  have  been  effective  on  the  stage,  are  nar- 
rated by  secondary  persons.  For  example,  Tor- 
rismondo having  discovered  that  Alvida  is  his 
sister,  tells  her  so,  and  advises  her  to  marry  Ger- 
mondo.  She  believes  that  it  is  not  true,  and  that 
he  merely  wishes  to  get  rid  of  her ;  she  kills  her- 
self, and  Torrismondo  follows  her  example.  This 
is  told  by  a  chamberlain  (cameriero). 

Heavy  as  this  play  must  have  been  on  the  stage, 
I  presume  it  was  acted ;  for  at  the  end,  in  the 
Teatro  Italiano,  Verona,  1723,  t.  iii.  p.  141,  are 
copious  and  minute  directions  as  to  the  passages 
which  may  be  omitted. 

"  Ove  non  fosse  in  pronto  tanto  numero  di  recitanti, 
r  istesso  attore  pub  far  da  Messaggero  primo  e  da  Fron- 
tone :  altro  da  Messaggero  secondo,  e  da  Indovino,  e  da 
Cameriero  nella  ultima  scena.  Togliendosi  inoltre,  come  si 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3-d  S.  XI.  June  1,  '67. 


vedrk  appresso,  il  Coro,  e  la  Cameriera,  nove  solo  recitanti 
suppliscono  al  bisogno.  Essendo  poi  necessario  accorciare 
alquanto  oltre  a'  Cori,  si  andera  levando,  come  segue  :  e 
forse  che  molti,  i  quali  si  alienano  in  piii  luoghi  da  questa 
Tragedia,  leggendola  come  sta,  la  gusteranno  assai  me- 
glio  udendola  recitare  in  questa  forma  :  non  essendo  per 
certo  sempre  uguale  a  se  stessa ;  ma  potendosi  senza  danno 
troncare  appunto  i  luoghi  piii  deboli." 

Then  follow  the  dbections  for  abbreviating. 

H.  B.  C. 
U.  U.  Club. 

"  Shore  "  for  ''  Sewer  "  (S"^  S.  xi.  397.)— 
In  Oxon  and  Bucks,  I  believe,  sho)-e  would  be 
better  understood  than  seiver,  and  I  have  often 
heard  it  in  London. 

Webster  says :  "  Shore,  the  popular  but  corrupt 
pronunciation  of  seioer ;  a  pronunciation  which 
should  be  carefully  avoided." 

Halliwell  gives  an  example  to  which  I  would 
rather  refer  than  quote.  Here  is  one  from,  Scot- 
land :  — 

"  In  Reikie  sounds  the  town-guard's  drum  no  more, 
Nor  cadie  plies,  nor  '  wha  wants  me '  is  near  ; 
Here  luckenbooths  now  choke  the  common  shore, 
And  '  gardyloo '  but  seldom  meets  the  ear." 
("  Fragment  of 'a  Fifth  Canto  of  Childe  Harold's  Pil- 
grimage," Blackwood's  Magazine,  p.  202,  May  1818. 
FlTZHOPKINS. 
Garrick  Club. 

The  English  language,  somebody  has  said,  is 
much  grander  than  Shakspeare,  grand  though  he 
be.  The  idea  is  badly  expressed,  indeed  absurd 
when  thus  stated ;  yet  it  contains  a  true  observa- 
tion, meaning  that  no  one  individual  can  exhaust 
all  the  resources  of  expression  possessed  by  so 
copious  a  tongue  as  the  English.  But  it  seems, 
by  the  manner  in  which  some  men  write  about 
words,  that  you  cannot  get  even  a  true  list  of  the 
words  of  the  language.  Skinner  and  Angus, 
your  correspondent  tells  us,  say  that  "  Shore,  a 
sewer,"  is  obsolete.  I  doubt  if  it  has  ever  been 
obsolete;  at  any  rate  it  is  not  noio.  In  Todd's 
Johnson  it  is  given  as  the  third  meaning,  though 
without  example.  But  the  phrase,  "  a  smell  of 
shores,"  is  in  common  use  in  London  and  else- 
where, and  has  been,  I  believe,  ever  since  sewers 
were  made  and  river  sides  were  muddy. 

C.  A.  W. 

May  Fair. 

In  Scotland,  among  the  lower  classes,  "shore" 
is  the  uniform  pronunciation.         W.  W.  Skeat. 

Dab  (S-^d  S.  x.  431;  xi.  46.)  — This  word  is 
sometimes  used  in  this  country  to  express  an  ex- 
pert or  skilful  person,  but  usually  the  word  dab- 
ste)-  is  employed.  This  seems  to  have  been  the 
original  word,  and  dab  an  abbreviation  of  it. 

Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 

Catchem's  End  (3"»  S.  xi.  294.)— There  is  a 
place  called  "  Catchem's  Corner^''  in  Staftbrdshire. 
It  lies  between  Wolverhampton  and  Bilston.    The 


locality  is  well  known  to  me ;  but  I  am  unable 
to  say  whether  it  was  ever  connected  with  any 
"city  of  refuge."  It  now  forms  part  of  the 
densely  peopled  "black  country,"  between  Bir- 
mingham and  Wolverhampton.  F.  C.  H. 

Felton's  Dagger  {Z"^  S.  vi.  206,  256,  519 ;  xi. 
320.) — In  Annals  of  King  James  and  King  Charles 
I.  (folio,  1681),  the  weapon  with  which  Lieut. 
John  Felton  committed  the  fatal  deed  is  described 
as  "  a  coutel  knive  "  ;  and  further,  that  "  passing 
out  at  the  postern-gate  upon  Tower  Hill  he  espied 
that  fatal  knive  in  a  cutler's  glass-case,  which  he 
bought  for  16^.  It  was  the  point  end  of  a  cuif 
blade  struck  into  a  cross  haft.  The  whole  length, 
handle  and  all,  not  12  inches." 

Albert  Btjttert. 

Endeavour  as  a  reflective  Verb  (2"*  S.  vi. 
490;  V.  50.) — That  the  verb  to  endeavour  ^as,  for- 
merly used  in  an  active  sense,  meaning  to  exeH,  is 
proved  by  the  following  passage  in  a  letter  from 
Margaret,  Countess  of  Oxford,  date  May  19,  1486, 
and  to  be  found  in  the  Paston  Letters,  vol.  ii. 
p.  341,  edition  of  1787 :  — 

"  I  therefore  heartily  desire  and  pray  you,  and  never- 
theless, in  the  king's  name,  straitly  charge  you,  that  ye 
in  all  goodly  haste  endeavour  yourself,  that  such  watch 
or  other  means  be  used,"  &c. 

Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 

Dr.  Cxril  Jackson  (3"^  S.  xi.  230,  253,  319.) 
Drakard's  History  of  Stamford  contains  memoirs 
of  Dr.  Cyril  Jackson  (p.  483)  and  his  brother. 
Bishop  William  Jackson  (p.  490).  They  were 
the  sons  of  Cyril  Jackson,  M.D.  of  Stamford. 
Their  parents  were  buried  in  St.  Martin's  church, 
Stamford ;  a  tablet  in  the  chancel  bears  this  in- 
scription — 

"  Cyrillus  Jackson,  M.D.  ob.  Dec.  17,  1797,  se.  80.— 
Juditha  uxor  Cyrilli,  ob.  Mar.  2,  1785,  se.  66.— Parenti- 
bus  optimis  filii  moerentes  p.p." 

Jos.  Phillips. 

Stamford. 

"  As   DEAD    AS  A   DOOR-NAIL "    (3'^''    S.  xi.  173, 

324.) — The  question  raised  by  W.  is  whether  this 
proverb  refers  to  a  nail  in  a  door  or  to  a  door  nail. 
If  this,  as  regards  the  proverb,  is  not  a  distinction 
without  a  difference,  it  involves  so  nice  a  point 
that  I  shall  not  hazard  an  opinion  upon  it.  Pend- 
ing its  decision,  I  shall  not  make  an  emendation 
in  my  Shakespeare,  but  content  myself  with  the 
following  reading,  as  though  it  "  hit  the  right 
nail  on  the  head  "  :  — 

"  Fal.  What  !   is  the  old  king  dead  ? 
Pistol.  As  nail  in  door  :  the  things  I  speak  are  just." 
Second  Part  of  King  Henry  IV. 
Act  V.  Sc.  3. 

Charles  Wylie, 

Teigue,  an  Irish  Name  (3'1  S.  xi.  296,  347.) 
Teigue  was  used  as  a  nickname  for  an  Irishman 


3"!  S.  XL  Jdne  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


during  the  last  century,  especially  on  the  stage, 
as  Paddy  now  is,  but  it  is  a  real  and  historic 
name.  The  eldest  son  of  Brian  Boru,  monarch  of 
Ireland,  left  two  sons,  Teigue  and  Domuah.  The 
son  of  Teigue  called  Turlough  was  said  by  an 
ancient  chronicler  "  to  have  been  the  greatest 
and  worthiest  prince  that  ever  reigned  in  Ireland." 
He  was  about  cotemporary  with  ^Yilliam  Rufus, 
and  is  said  to  have  granted  "  oak  from  the  woods 
of  Oxmantown  for  the  roof  of  Westminster  Hall, 
where  no  English  spider  webbeth  or  breedeth  to 
this  day."  Turlough,  the  son  of  Teigue,  died  at 
Kencorra,  the  palace  of  the  O'Briens,  in  1086, 
being  in  his  seventy-seventh  year  and  twenty- 
second  of  his  reign.  Archbishop  Lanfranc  ad- 
dresses him  as  "the  magnificent  king  of  Hibernia." 
Gregory  VII.  styles  him  "  the  illustrious  king  of 
Ireland"  ;  and  the  nobles  of  Man  by  deputation 
put  that  island  under  his  sway  during  the  minority 
of  their  king.  We  may  suppose  that  the  name 
of  Teigue  was  of  high  consideration  when  this 
"  illustrious  king "  so  called  his  eldest  son. 
There  are  several  places  in  Ireland  with  which 
the  name  is  connected ;  for  instance,  in  the  dio- 
cese of  Sligo,  Ivillmarteigue,  "  the  grave  or  church 
of  the  son  of  Teigue."  Norman  Celt. 

Both  Schi:n'  and  G.  M.  are  wrong  in  their  ex- 
planation of  this  name.  Teague,  properly  Tygue 
{Tadhg)  is  the  Irish  form  of  Thaddseus,  Thady 
(pronounced  Taydy),  which  being  the  name  of 
an  apostle,  was  of  course  given  to  their  children 
by  the  Irish  peasantry.  I  have  frequently,  in 
my  younger  days,  heard  the  name  Thady  in 
Leinster,  and  Tygue  in  Munster.  When  a  little 
boy,  I  often  played  at  what  was  called  "  Thady 
bid  me  fuddle  the  corn," — a  proof,  perhaps,  that 
the  name  was  common.  I  doubt  if  such  is  the 
case  now.  K. 

I  am  surprised  at  Schin  deriving  the  Irish 
language  from  the  Sjjanish.  "  Edward  '"  is  not 
Irish.  How,  then,  did  "  Thady "  come  from 
"Edward"?  Liom.  F. 

Butterfly  (3'^  S.  xi.  342.)  —  Mr.  Catlet, 
when  he  speaks  of  the  word  butterjly  being  "  a 
stumbling-block  to  our  poets,"  seems  to  have 
forgotten  Spenser's  poem,  "  Muiopotmos ;  or.  The 
Fate  of  the  Butterfly,"  in  which  it  is  several 
times  used.  Surely  no  poet  need  be  above 
using  a  word  that  was  good  enough  for  the  author 
of  the  Faery  Queene.  Haynes  Bayly  is  a  small 
name  to  mention  after  "  our  sage  and  serious 
Spenser,"  but  I  do  not  think  this  word  has  at  all 
a  bad  effect  in  his  little  poem,  "  I'd  be  a  Butterfly 
born  in  a  Bower."  In  serious  epic  poetry,  how- 
ever, it  might  be  inadmissible.  The  word  ass 
is  used  by  Lord  Macaulay  in  his  Roman  ballad 
entitled  "The  Prophecy  of  Capys." 

JoifATHAIf  BoUCHIER. 


Sir  James  Wood's  Regimej^t  (S""^  S.  xi.  314.) 
Sir  James  Wood  commanded  the  21st  North 
British  Fusileers.  The  date  of  his  commission  is 
March  9,  1727.  Consult  Cannon's  Historical 
Records  of  the  Regiment.       J.  Harris  Gibson. 

Liverpool. 

Litther's  Distich  (3"*  S.  xi.  331.) — This  dis- 
tich is  attributed  to  Luther  by  the  poet  Uhland, 
who  was  no  bad  judge  in  such  matters.  See 
"  Gedichte  von  L.  Uhland — Die  GeisterkeUerP 
The  passage  runs  thus  in  my  translation : — 

"  At  Weinsberg,  town  well  known  to  fame, 
That  doth  from  Wine  derive  its  name, 
Where  songs  are  heard  of  joy  and  youth, 
Where  stands  the  fort,  hight '  Woman's  Truth  ' — 
Where  Luther  e'en,  'mid  women,  song, 
And  wine,  woiddfind  the  time  not  long. 
And  might,  perchance,  find  room  to  spare 
For  Satan  and  an  inkhorn  there, 
(For  there  a  host  of  spirits  dwell)  ; — 
Hear  what  at  Weinsberg  once  befel !  " 
Songs  and  Ballads  of  Uhland,  ti-anslated  by  Skeat,  p.  318. 

There  is  a  note  on  the  passage  by  Mr.  Piatt,  at 
p.  497  of  his  translation  of  Uhland's  poems.  He 
says  :  — 

"  The  great  ^Martin  Luther  was  no  ascetic.  In  one  of 
his  merry  moments  he  is  reported  to  have  written  the 
following  couplet,  which  frequently  adorns  the  margin  of 
the  wine-bills,  drinking-cups,  &c.  in  houses  of  glad  resort 
in  Germany : — 

"  '  Who  loves  not  -woman,  wine,  and  song, 
Kemains  a  fool  his  whole  life  long.' 
The  storj'  of  Luther's  conflict  with  the  devU,  when  he 
put  the  fiend  to  flight  by  throwing  his  inkstand  at  him, 
is  well  known." 

This,  by  the  way,  is  precisely  how  INIr.  Pick- 
wick vented  his  rage  upon  A.  Jingle,  Esq.,  of 
No-hall,  Nowhere.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Cambridge. 

I  cannot  answer  J.  H.  Dixon's  questions  re- 
specting this,  but  in  a  collection  of  German  songs 
printed  in  1818,  a  song  by  Lichtenstein,  called 
"  Wein,  Weib,  und  Gesang,"  has  the  following 
chorus : — 

"  Drum  singt,  wie  Doctor  Luther  sang  ; 
Wer  iiicht  liebt  Wein,  Weib  und  Gesang, 
Der  bleibt  ein  Narr  sein  Leben  lang." 

F.  H.  H. 

Alphabets  on  Tiles  (3''^  S.  xi.  184.)— xlt  a 
time  when  perhaps  not  one  person  in  a  hundred 
could  read,  the  alphabet  probably  possessed  a 
mysterious  interest,  and  as  a  curiosity  was  used 
for  ornament.  The  druggist  of  the  present  day 
ornamenting  his  bottles  with  the  alchemist's  signs 
of  the  zodiac  is  a  somewhat  analogous  case.  It 
is  not  unlikely,  however,  the  practice  arose  from, 
and  was  in  commemoration  of,  the  act  of  conse- 
cration as  described  by  Durandus.  In  the  trans- 
lation of  Durandus  by  the  Revs.  Neale  and  Webb 
these  passages  occur :  — 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XL  June  1,  '67. 


"  Ashes  were  sprinkled  on  the  floor,  and  the  Bishop 
with  his  pastoral  staff  wrote  on  thein  the  Alphabet,  some- 
times ia  Latin  alone,  sometimes  in  Greek." 

lu  the  treatise  of  the  Mart,  Remigius,  De 
Dediccctione  Ecclesits,  we  have  the  following  ex- 
planation of  this  singular  custom :  — 

"  A  thing  which  might  appear  puerile  unless  it  had 
been  instituted  by  men  great  in  dignity,  spiritual  in  life. 
Apostolical  in  description.  In  all  things  of  this  kind,  the 
Lord  b}'  His  example  hath  gone  before  us,  and  what  He 
hath  done  remainetli  unchangeable  in  His  successors. 
What  is  understood  by  the  Alphabet,  save  the  beginnings 
and  Rudiments  of  Sacred  Doctrine  ?  Whence  S.  Paul : 
'  Ye  have  need  that  one  teach  you  again  which  be  the 
first  principles  of  the  Oracles  of  God.'  Therefore,  the 
Bishop  writeth  the  Alphabet  to  signify  th^it  he  teacheth 
the  pure  Doctrine  of  the  Gospel." 

The  above  allusion  to  the  example  of  Christ 
has  reference  probably  to  His  writing  oa  the 
ground  on  one  occasion.  P.  E.  M. 

Quotation':  "Hail,  gentle  Sleep,"  etc.  (3''* 
S.  xi.  354.) — In  reply  to  your  con-espondent  L., 
it  may  be  stated  that  the  lines  in  question,  which 
should  run  — 

"  Coyne,  gentle  sleep,  attend  thy  votary's  prayer,"  &c., 

are  Dr.  Walcot's  (Peter  Pindar)  translation  of  a 
Latin  epigram  by  Thomas  Warton,  designed  to 
be  placed  in  the  garden  of  Harris  the  philologist, 
under  a  statue  of  Somnus.  The  original  runs 
thus : — 

"  Somne  levis,  quanquam  certissima  mortis  imago, 
Consortem  cupio  te  tamen  esse  tori ; 
Alma  quies,  optata,  veni,  nam  sic  sine  vita 
Vivere,  quam  suave  est,  sic  sine  morte  mori."' 

Another,  but  less  happy,  version  is  given  by 
Booth  in  his  valuable  second  edition  of  Epigrams 
Ancient  and  Modem.  J.  B.  Davies. 

Moor  Court,  Kington. 

The  lines  on  sleep,  quoted  by  L.  are  "the  trans- 
lation of  the  following  Latin  verses,  which  I  re- 
member to  have  seen  in  the  Morning  Chronicle 
about  the  year  1806,  with  a  request  for  transla- 
tions ;  in  answer  to  which  the  one  inquired  after, 
I  suppose,  was  sent :  — 

"  Somne  levis,  quanquam  certissima  mortis  imago, 
Consortem  cupio  te  taraen  esse  tori. 
Alma  quies,  optata,  veni,  nam  sic  sine  vita 
Vivere,  quam  suave  est,  sic  sine  morte  mori  I  " 

The  author  of  the  Latin  was  not  named,  and  I 
cannot  supply  the  omission.      I  only  remember 
that  I  complied  with  the  editor's  request,  and  sent 
the  following  paraphrase  sLxty-one  years  ago :  — 
"  Come,  gentle  sleep,  though  picture  of  the  dead, 
Be  still  the  constant  partner  of  my  bed  ; 
For  thus  I  die,  yet  do  not  lose  my  breath. 
And  thus,  though  living,  I  resemble  death." 

D.  S. 

[We  have  to  thank  many  correspondents  for  similar 
replies. — Ed.] 


Derwek-iwater  Estates  {?j'^  S.  x,  126.)  — 
J.  W.  T.  is  referred  to  the  2nd  Series  of  Descrip- 
tive and  Historical  Notices  of  2\orthumhrian 
Churches  and  Castles,  by  Wrft.  Sidnev  Gibson, 
Esq.,  1850.  In  mentioning  "  Wilston,''  J.  W.  T. 
is  incorrect,  it  should  be  Dilstou — "  in  early  re- 
cords Dyvelston,  a  name  of  which  D'Eivillston 
is  not  unlikely  to  have  been  the  original  form." 
J.  Makuel. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

Thomas  SoriHEENE  (3'-i  S.  xi.  216,  326.)— In 
Bliss's  edition  of  Wood's  AthencB,  a  letter  is  given 
from  Southerne  to  Dr.  Pachard  Rawlinson  which, 
if  authentic,  sets  at  rest  the  question  of  the 
dramatist's  University.  The  letter  is  dated  from 
^'  Mr.  White's,  oylman,  in  Tothil  Fields,  against 
Dartmouth  Street,  17""  of  Xov',  1737  "  :  — 

"  S"". — I  received  your  letter  with  M"^  Anstis's  enclosed. 
This  is  to  assure  you  that  I  had  no  title  to  have  ray 
name  in  the  Athena  Oxonienses,  for  I  was  bom  in  Dublin, 
and  bred  up  in  the  college  of  Dublin,  and  was  never  a 
servitor,  but  spent  my  own  money  there.    Manj'  better 

men  have  been  servitors,  but  I  never  was " 

H.  P.  D. 

Me.  Hyde  Clarke  I  am  sure  will  receive  every 
information  from  the  clerk  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
Ml'.  Thos.  Purdue.  At  the  present  time  the  name 
and  quality  of  the  father  are  given. 

C.  J.  D.  I>'gledew. 

TooTH-SEALiXG  (3'^  S.  X.  390.)— For  another 
example  of  tooth-sealing  of  deeds,  see  the  pedi- 
gree of  Hippisley,  of  Lamborne,  in  Burke's  Corn- 
ynoners  (vol.  i.  p.  538,  edit.  1835),  in  which  the 
following  line  occurs  in  a  grant  from  John  a 
Gaunt :  — 

"  And  to  confirm  the  truth,  I  seal  it  with  my  great 
tooth,  the  wax  in  doe." 

Cartlforde. 

Cape  Town,  S.  A. 

George,  Earl  of  Attcklan-d  (3'^'*  S.  xi.  294, 
343.) — There  is  a  good  full-length  portrait  of  this 
nobleman,  by  C.  Grant,  in  Alfred  Crowquill's  style. 
It  was  taken  in  Calcutta  in  March,  1842. 

Calcitttensis. 

Octave  Days  ix  the  English  Church  (3""  S. 
xi.  243.) — In  the  interesting  note  on  St.  Hilary's 
Day,  the  learned  F.  C.  H.  makes,  in  my  opinion, 
too  sweeping  a  statement  when  he  says  "  the  ob- 
servance of  octave  days  was  discontinued  by  the 
Established  Church  in  England."  They  are  cer- 
tainly not  discontinued  at  present,  nor  do_  I 
suppose  they  ever  have  been.  In  the  English 
Eucharistic  office  a  proper  preface  is  appointed  to 
be  used  upon  Christmas  Day,  and  seven  days 
after;  upon  Easter  Day,  and  seven  days  after; 
and  upon  Ascension  Dav,  and  seven  davs  after. 

W.  H.  S. 

Yaxlev. 


3'd  S.  XL  June  1,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


Heathen  Sackieices  (3"1  S.  xi.  p.  193.)— The 
belief  that  a  sacrifice  of  an  animal  by  fire  averts  a 
murrain  appears  to  exist  in  Cornwall  even  at  the 
present  time.  The  inquirer  should  consult  Hone's 
Itoma7ices  and  Drolls  of  the  West  of  England,  1st 
Series,  p.  237.  P.  W!  Trepolpen. 

Pain's  Hill  (3"'  S.  xi.  314.)  —If  this  inquiry 
relate  to  Paine's  Hill,  the  elegant  seat  and  cele- 
brated gardens  of  Benjamin  Bond  Hopkins,  Esq., 
ten  miles  from  London,  near  Cobham,  but  in  the 
parish  of  Walton-on-Thames,  some  account  of  it 
will  be  found  in  p.  171  of  the  Ambulator,  or  a 
Tour  round  London— a.  well-known  work,  but  the 
date  of  which  I  cannot  give,  as  my  copy  wants 
the  title-page.  J.  0.  PI. 

The  public  are  indebted  to  the  Hon.  Charles 
Hamilton  for  converting  Pain's  Hill  from  a  barren 
heath  into  one  of  the  most  picturesque  parks  in 
England,  and  which  was  made  still  more  en- 
chanting when  it  was  occupied  by  Benjamin  Bond 
Hopkins,  Esq.,  from  whom  it  passed  to  the  Right 
Hon.  Henry  Lawes  Luttrell,  second  Earl  of  Car- 
hampton,  and  subsequently  to  "\^'illiam  Henry 
Cooper,  Esq. 

The  celebrated  Mrs.  Payne,  of  whom  Mr. 
Erskine  ingeniously  observed,  that  "  he  never 
knew  pleasure  who  did  not  know  Far/ne,"  once 
asked  Mr.  Burke  the  English  of  Mo7is  i'eneris. 
He  replied,  with  the  utmost  presence  of  mind, 
and  in  a  fine  strain  of  compliment  and  gallantry, 
"  Pain's  Hill,  Madam.  An  Old  Bachelor. 

Virgil  and  the  Singing  oe  Birds  (3"*  S.  xi. 
314.) — I  have  not  Pegge's  Anoni/miana  to  refer 
to,  and  I  can  therefore  only  answer  your  corre- 
spondent S.  W.  P.'s  inquiry,  so  far  as  it  is  intel- 
ligible, without  consulting  that  work.  There  are 
several  allusions  in  Virgil  to  the  singing  of  birds  in 
connection  with  a  country  life :  — 

"  .        .        bine,  ille  avium  concentus  in  agris, 
Et  laetaB  pecudes,  et  ovantes  giitture  corvi. 

Georg.  i.  422. 

"  Vere  tument  terras 

Avia  turn  resonant  avibus  virgulta  canoris." 

Georg.  ii.  328. 
"  Evandrum  ex  humili  tecto  lux  suscitat  alma, 
Et  matutini  volucrum  sub  culmine  cantus." 

^n,  viii.  455. 
C.  H. 


Derivation  oe  Slade  (3'-^  S.  xi.  77,  203,  346.) 
Your  correspondent  is  right  in  regarding  Slade  as 
a  local  name,  simple  and  Saxon:  " Slcsde,  slcedes, 
(A.-S.),  a  plain,  an  open  tract  of  country  "  (Bos- 
worth's  Anglo-Sax.  Dictionary).  There  is  a  Slade 
or  Slude  Hall,  occupied  of  old  time  by  the  Slades 
of  Slade,  within  three  miles  of  Manchester.  The 
hall  still  exists,  a  half-timbered  house ;  held  for 
some  centuries  by  the  Syddalls  of  Slade.     The 


oldest  name    found    in  deeds  was  Milkwall  or 
Mickle-well  Slade,  i.  c.  the  large  well  plain. 

Crux, 

Oe  noble  Race  was  Shenkin  (S'^'*  S.  xi.  348.) 
The  origin  of  this  song  has  never  been,  I  think, 
a  vexed  question  among  musical  antiquaries ;  at 
any  rate,  I  have  known  it  for  more  than  thirty 
years.  It  was  written  by  Tom  Durfey,  and  ap- 
pears in  his  comedy  of  The  Richmond  Heiress^ 
acted  at  the  Theatre  Royal  in  1G93,  and  printed 
in  4to  in  the  same  year.  The  music  first  appeared, 
together  v/ith  the  words  (five  stanzas)  in  the  first 
book  of  the 

"Thesaurus  Musicus;  being  a  Collection  of  the  Newest 
Songs  performed  at  Their  Majesties  Theatres,  and  at  the 
Consorts  in  Viller-street  in  York  Buildings,  and  in 
Charles-street  Covent  Garden."    Folio,  1693. 

The  question  may  now  be  considered  finally  set 
at  rest,  if  we  accept  Durfey  as  the  composer  of 
the  tune ;  but  I  am  rather  inclined,  from  various 
circumstances,  to  believe  it  to  be  an  old  Welsh 
air,  adapted  by  the  versatile  poet  to  suit  his  lyric. 
In  conclusion  I  may  remark,  for  the  sake  of  my 
bibliographical  friends,  that  the  Songs  Compleat, 
Pleasant  and  Divertive,  quoted  in  the  editorial 
note,  is  only  four  volumes  of  the  Pills  of  1719, 
with  a  new  title-page;  copies  of  the  same  im~ 
2}ression  being  used  for  both  works. 

Edward  F.  Rimbatjlt. 

This  song  is  in  D'Urfey's  comedy,  T?ie  Rich' 
mond  Heiress ;  or,  A  Woman  once  in  the  Right, 
produced  at  the  Theatre-royal  in  1693.  The  tune 
was  published,  with  the  words  (being  described 
as  a  song  in  the  above-named  comedy),  in  the 
same  year  in  the  First  Book  of  Thesaurus  Musicus 
(p.  20),  but  without  the  name  of  either  author 
or  composer.  W.  H.  PIuse:. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

Traits  and  Stories  of  the  Scottish  People.     By  the  Rev. 

Charles  Rogers,  LL.D.,  F.S.A.  Scot.,  &c.    (Houlston  & 

Wright.) 

There  is  more  fun  than  truth  in  Sydney  Smith's  asser- 
tion, that  it  requires  a  surgical  operation  to  get  a  joke 
into  a  Scotchman  ;  but  humour,  rather  than  wit,  is  the 
national  characteristic.  This  has  been  shown  in  many  re- 
cent works  devoted  to  the  biography  of  Scottish  worthies,  or 
to  the  illustration  of  the  social  condition  of  our  northern 
brethren.  The  work  before  us,  which  is  a  pleasant 
gathering  of  anecdotes  of — The  Old  Scottish  Clergj-; 
The  Poets;  The  Law  and  its  Professors;  Eccentric 
Characters ;  Scottish  Adventurers ;  Unfortunate  Men  of 
Genius — contains  fresh  contributions  on  this  point.  These 
are  varied  by  chapters  on  Inscriptions,  Rhjmies,  and 
Popular  Sayings ;  and,  with  the  biographical  gleanings, 
which  conclude  the  volume,  make  up  a  very  amusing 
little  book — which  will  please  our  southern  readers  by  its 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  June  1,  '67. 


novelty,  and  our  Scottish  friends  by  the  reminiscences 
which  it  will  call  up  of  "  Auld  lang  syne." 
Handbook  for  Travellers  in  Yorkshire.     With  Maps  and 
Plans.     (Murray.) 

This  is  an  important  addition  to  the  valuable  series  of 
local  guides  destined  to  make  the  name  of  Murray  famous 
in  all  times,  and  which  "  no  tourist  should  be  without." 
The  labour  of  compiling  a  trustworthy  travelling  com- 
panion through  the  largest  of  our  English  shires— in  itself 
half  as  large  as  Plolland,  very  nearly  half  as  large  as 
modern  Belgium,  and  which  Drayton  quaintly  describes 
as  — 
"  A  kingdom  that  doth  seem  a  province  at  the  least. 

To  those  that  think  themselves  no  simple  shire  to  be," — 
must  have  been  very  great,  and  have  taxed  at  once  the 
industry  and  care  of  the  editor.  Judging  from  the  tests 
we  have  been  able  to  apply  to  it,  The  Handbook  for  York- 
shire is  accurate  and  complete  ;  and  the  reader  who  learns 
that,  in  its  preparation,  the  editor  has  had  the  benefit  of 
the  assistance  of  three  such  Yorkshire  antiquaries  as 
Canon  Raine,  Mr.  Hailstone,  and  Mr.  Walbran,  may  feel 
pretty  sure  that  when  found  red-handed  in  Yorkshire  he 
will  not  be  found  at  fault. 

Meals  for  the  Million.  By  Cree-Fydd,  Authoress  of 
"  Family  Fare."  A  Help  to  Strict  Economy,  containing 
One  Hundred  and  Twenty-five  Dinners  arranged  for  the 
Season,  Breakfast,  or  Supper  Dishes,  Delicacies  for 
Invalids,  and  other  useful  Matters  suited  to  Incomes 
varying  from  100/.  to  250/.  a-year.  (Simpkin  &  Mar- 
shall.) 

This  is  a  very  praiseworthy  endeavour  to  show  how 
economy  and  comfort  may,  with  judicious  management,  go 
hand  in  hand  ;  and  many  a  small  household,  and  many  an 
inexperienced  housewife,  with  but  limited  means  at  her 
disposal,  will  have  good  cause  for  rejoicing  at  the  day 
when  Cre-Fydd's  Meals  for  the  Million  was  added  to 
their  small  list  of  domestic  books. 

The  Illuminated  Crest-Book,  or  Repertorium  for  3Iono- 
grams.  Crests,  §-c.  (Day  &  Son.) 
We  are  not  of  the  number  of  those  who  look  upon 
Postage-Stamp  and  Crest  collecting  as  mere  folly.  We 
believe  the  former  may  be  turned  to  good  account  with 
young  persons  by  encouraging  a  taste  for  and  increasing 
their  knowledge  of  geography.  In  the  same  way,  if  the 
Collecting  of  Crests,  Arms,  &c.  be  accompanied  by  an 
inquiry  into  the  origin  of  such  devices  as  the  Stanley 
Eagle,  the  Pelham  Buckle,  the  Cups  of  the  Butlers,  the 
Pheons  of  the  Fletchers,  the  Dymoke  Sword,  the 
Grosvenor  Talbot,  or  the  De  La  Warr  Crampet,  it  is 
clear  a  large  amount  of  useful,  historical,  and  biograph- 
ical knowledge  will  be  thereby  acquired.  The  work  be- 
fore us  is  an  elegant  volume  for  the  reception  of  Crests. 
Much  taste  has  been  displayed  in  its  arrangement,  while 
it  is  so  contrived  as  to  leave  opportunities  for  the  exer- 
cise of  taste  on  the  part  of  those  who  use  it ;  and  all  who 
collect  Crests  will  do  well  to  secure  this  handsome  Ee- 
pertorium  for  their  preservation. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

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Particulars  of  Price,  (kc,  of  the  following  Books,  to  be  sent  direct 

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1866—7. 


tor  that  purpose:, 
its  History  and  Diseases,  by  Lady  Cust.     Groombridge, 

Wanted  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Boulter,  The  Park,  Hull. 


Tbe  Lincolnshire  Maoazinb.    2  Vols.    Published  by  Albin  of  Spald- 
ing aoout  the  year  1800. 
Wanted  by  Sev.  D.  Harwood,  2,  Cambridge  Cottages,  Denmark  Koad, 
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Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Emi-irb.    Vol.  II.    Lon- 
don, 1?88. 

Wanted  by  Major  Fishwick,  Carr  Hill,  near  Rochdale. 


Aloe 


\.,  second  English 


BONNTCASTLE    (John),    An    Int . 

edition  published  between  1782  and  1793. 
The  same,  fifth  English  edition,  published  between  1796  and  18)3. 
I  he  same,  tenth  English  edition,  published  between  1812  and  1818. 
Also,  the  first  American  edition,  published  btfore  I811;  and  the  fourth, 

fifth, sixth,  and  seventh  Ameriaau  editions,  published  between  1825 

and  1837. 
Ckosslev   (.John),   The  Life  and   Times  of  Cardan.    London,  1836. 

2  vols.  8vo. 

Wanted  by  Molini  <§-  Grtcn,  27,  King  William  Street,  West  Strand, 
London,  W.C. 


C^sAR.    Foulis,  1750.    Large  paper. 
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Scrope's  Salmon  Fishino.    First  edition. 
Mks.  Behn's  Plavs.    4  Vols. 

Hallucinationsj  or,  Natural  History  of  Apparitions,  &c.    Philadel- 
phia, 1853. 
Bbaithwaite's  a  Sthapado  for  the  Didell.    1615. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Thomas  Beet,  Bookseller,  15,  Conduit  Street, 
Bond  Street,  London,  W. 


Bdkke's  Commoners.    Part  XIII.    1838. 

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Querists  are  again  requested  not  to  mix  up  several  Queries  in  the  same 
communication,  hut  to  confine  each  Query  to  one  special  subject.  Those 
of  our  Correspondents  who  favour  us  with  Replies  are  requested  to  affix 
to  them  the  precise  reference  (page  and  volume)  on  which  the  Query  is 
printed.  All  are  entreated  to  write  plainly— especially  proper  names, 
and  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only. 

The  Philological  Societt's  Transactions  may,  we  believe,  be  pur- 
chased of  Messrs.  TriXbner,  Paternoster  Row.  Not  any  part  of  the  Dic- 
tionary projected  by  the  Society  has  yet  appeared. 

Chamberlayne's  Present  State  of  Great  Britain.  3. 3.  will  find 
a  notice  of  this  useful  serial  in  our  2nd  S.  v.  456. 

W.  C.  Boulter.  The  date  of  your  copy  of  the  Eikon  Basillke  is  1649. 
The  same  edition  is  in  the  Kinu's  Library  at  the  British  Museum, 

P.  J.   F.   GantILLON.      Kcnriovio;, 

CoRNUB.  A  notice  of  the  Rev.  Walter  Whiter  will  be  found  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  August,  1832,  p.  185:  .see  also  "  N.  &  Q."  3rd 
S.  vi.  370. 

F.  G.  W.  The" Baker's  Dozen"  has  been  explained  i»"N.  &Q." 
Ist  S.  iii.  520:  xi.  88,  <f-c. 

Tristis.    See  our  "  Notices  to  Correspondents,"  antfe  p.  412. 

Erratum The  signature  to  the  article  at  p.  133,  col.  ii.,  anti  should 

be  W.  C.  B. 


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NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


453 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  8,  1S67. 


CONTENTS.— No  284. 

NOTES  :— James  Hamilton  of  Bothwellhaugh,  the  Assassin 
of  the  Regent  Moray,  453  —  Derbyshire  Ballads,  454— Dogs 

—  "  Faint'  Things  as  you  see  them  "  —  Anatolian  Folk- 
lore :  Warts  —  A  Treasury  Grievance  —  Superstitious 
Cures  of  the  Chin-cough  —  Allen's  County  Histories  — 
Scottish  Burials  at  Ghent,  454. 

QUERIES  :  —  Samuel  Blair — Brignoles  —  Early  Cannon  — 

—  Christ  a  Yoke-maker  —  Constitution  Hill  — Dunwich 
Relic  —  Bishop  Giffard,  &c.  —  Greek  Verses  by  W.  S. 
Walker—  Rev.  Mr.  Hill  —  Historical  Tradition:  the  Em- 
peror Claudius  and  the  Christians —  "  L'Homme  Fossile 
en  Europe,"  by  H.  le  Hon  —  India-rubber  Preservative 
from  Rust  —  Jamin  Families  —  Jews  in  Cornwall  —  Name 
of  a  Book  —  Rev.  R.  M.  Peake  —  "  Morning's  Pride  "  — 
Quotations  wanted  —  Rainborowe  Family  —  Relief  of  tlie 
Poor  —  Sir  Walter  Scott  —  MS.  Treatise  on  Silkworms  — 
Stool-ball  —  Stuarts  of  Bute— Family  of  William  Vertegans 

—  Archbishop  Whately's  Puzzle,  455. 

Queries  with  Answers:  —"Man  wholly  mortal"  — 
Change-Ringing  Societies  —  Bishop  N  jcolson  —  Sieve  and 
Riddle  —  The  Maid  of  Bregenz  —  Knights  at  the  Field  of 
the  Cloth  of  Gold,  458. 

REPLIES:— Lord  Carlyle,  460  —  The  Willow  Pattern,  461 

—  '•  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,"  lb.  —  Luigi  Angeloni 
— "  Out  of  God's  blessing  into  the  warm  sun  "  —  "  Histoire 
des  Diables  Modernes,"  &c.—  Abraham  Thornton :  Wager 
of  Battle  — To  cry  "Roast  Meat,"  &c.  — John  Search  — 
"  None  but  Poets  remember  their  Youth  "  —  Sir  William 
Arnott  —  Tennyson  :  Elaine  :  Camelot  —  Dante  Query  — 
Australian  Boomerang  —  England  a  Nation  of  Shop- 
keepers —  Head  of  King  Charles  I.  —  Hands  on  old  Clocks 

—  Organ,  &c.  462. 
Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


JAMES  HAMILTON  OF  BOTHWELLHAUGH,  THE 
ASSASSIN  OF  THE  REGENT  MORAY. 

Before  leaving  the  subject  of  Lanarksliire 
Families,  I  should  like  to  draw  Mk.  Irying's 
attention  to  this  personage,  who  has  heen  invested 
hy  Sir  Walter  Scott  with  romantic  interest,  as  no 
mere  "  mercenary  trader  in  blood,"  but  the  hus- 
band and  father  indulging  in  the  wild  justice  of 
revenge.  In  the  notes  to  his  fine  ballad  of 
"Cadyow  Castle"  {Border  Minstrelsy),  Sir  Wal- 
ter, quoting  from  Thuanus,  says,  that  when  Both- 
wellhaugh, who  had  fled  to  France,  was  asked 
by  the  heads  of  the  Catholic  League  to  undertake 
the  assassination  of  the  celebrated  Coligni,  he 
declined,  "  with  contempt  and  indignation,"  on 
the  groimd  that  he  would  never  commit  murder 
in  the  quarrel  of  another.  A  noble  sentiment  for 
that  age!  But  Mr.  Froude,  who  has  dispelled 
many  of  the  illusions  that  hitherto  clung  to  this 
period  of  Scottish  history,  tells  a  different  tale. 
In  vol.  ix.  p.  577  of  his  History,  he  says  that 
Bothwellhaugh  was  the  willing  instrument  of  a 
crime  which  had  been  concerted  between  Mary's 
followers  and  the  sons  of  the  Duke  of  Chatel- 
herault.  Farther,  that  John  Hamilton,  a  noto- 
rious desperado,  the  brother  or  near  relative  of 
Chatelherault,  had  been  employed  to  murder 
Coligni  J   and   that  Philip  II.  had  his    eye   on 


Bothwellhaugh,  as  a  person  who  might  be  sent 
"  to  look  after  "  the  Prince  of  Orange ;  — that 
Bothwellhaugh  would  have  taken  kindly  to  the 
work,  hut  his  reputation  for  such  atrocities  7vas  so 
bad,  that  Philip  was  advised  to  choose  some  one 
else  against  whom  the  Prince  would  be  less  likely 
to  be  on  his  guard ;  and,  after  poor  Coligni  had 
been  disposed  of,  these  two  worthy  Hamiltons  are 
seen  busy  in  their  nefarious  trade.  On  Sept.  23, 
1573,  Bothwellhaugh  writes  from  Brussels  to 
Alava  about  the  business ;  and  again,  on  May  16, 
1575,  the  secretary  of  the  Spanish  embassy  refers 
to  the  matter  of  the  assassination  of  Orange  as 
still  on  hand.  (Froude,  ix.  p.  577,  note.)  The 
foul  deed,  however,  was  done  by  Balthazar  Ge- 
rard, and  the  elastic  consoiences  of  Bothwellhaugh 
and  his  ally  were  spared  this  guilt.  He  is  under- 
stood, I  think,  to  have  died  in  exile,  and  I  am 
not  aware  that  he  left  any  descendants. 

His  precise  relationship  to  the  heads  of  the 
Hamilton  family  seems  also  obscure.  Mr.  Froude 
says  that  he  was  "  the  nephew  of  the  Archbishop 
of  St.  Andrews,  and  oi  the  Duke  of  Chatelherault, ' 
but  is  corrected  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols,  in  his  recent 
very  interesting  article  (Herald  and  Genealogist, 
No.  XX.  p.  98,  note)  on  the  "  Duchy  of  Chatel- 
herault," who  says  he  was  not  their  nephew, 
"  but  a  remote  cadet  of  their  family."  Sir  Walter 
Scott  and  Dr.  M'Crie  {Life  of  Kiiox)  agree  in 
calling  him  "the  nephew  of  the  Archbishop", 
who,  it  is  well  known,  was  an  illegitimate  son  of 
the  first  Earl  of  Arran  (Chatelherault's  father), 
who,  besides  marrying  successively  three  wives), 
all  alive  at  once,  had  numerous  bastard  children ; 
among  others,  Sir  James  Hamilton  of  Fynnart, 
the  notorious  "Bastard  of  Arran."  My  idea, 
founded  on  a  tolerably  intimate  knowledge  of  the 
district,  has  always  been  (though  I  cannot  at 
present  give  the  authority)  that  Bothwellhaugh 
was  a  cadet  of  the  Hamiltons  of  Orbiston,  an 
early  branch  of  the  house  of  Cadyow,  and  named 
in  their  entail  of  1542.  The  situation  of  the  little 
estate,  which,  as  old  Wishaw  says,  "  lyes  in  a  low 
and  pleasant  ground,"  close  to  the  Clyde,  sup- 
ports this  view,  being  near  the  Manor  Place  of 
Orbiston,  and  therefore  a  suitable  appanage  for  a 
younger  son.  It  seems,  after  the  assassin's  day,  to 
have  reverted  to  the  family  of  Orbiston,  which 
rose  to  great  importance  and  wealth  in  Charles  I.'s 
reign,  in  the  person  of  the  Lord  Justice  Clerk,  Sir 
John  Hamilton,  but  afterwards  merged  in  that  of 
Dalziellj  and  the  local  tradition  is,  that  Both- 
wellhaugh was  lost  at  cards  by  one  of  the  latter 
family,  and  sold  by  the  winner  to  a  Diike  of 
Hamilton.  It  is  now  an  outlying  part  of  the 
ducal  demesne. 

In  the  notes  to  Wishaw's  Account  of  Lanark- 
shire, where  one  might  have  expected  good  in- 
formation as  to  Hamilton's  parentage  and  descend- 
ants, there  is  nothing  satisfactory;  merely  some 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  JuME  8,  '67. 


confused  references  to  a  David  Hamilton  of  Both- 
wellliaugh  and  his  sons  {circ.  1590-1618)  in  the 
parish  of  Monkton  or  Monkland,  which  I  cannot 
help  thinking  are  erroneous,  and  that  the  editors 
have  made  some  mistake  in  reading  the  Commis- 
sary Eecords  of  Glasgow.  "Monkton"  is  un- 
doubtedly in  Ayrshire,  and  these  supposed  rela- 
tives of  the  murderer  seem  to  have  been  resident 
there— one  of  them  indeed  being  buried  at  Crosby 
Kirk  in  that  county.  Perhaps  Mr,  Irvikg,  or 
some  reader  who  has  access  to  the  original  records 
in  Edinburgh,  will  clear  up  the  subject.  There 
should  be  something  in  Anderson's  Histoi-y  of  the 
House  of  Hamilton,  which  I  have  not  got. 

Angio-Scotits. 

DERBYSHIRE  BALLADS.' 
I  have  just  added  Mr.  LleweUynn  Jewitt's  book 
to  my  collection,  simply  because  my  shelves  con- 
tain everything  that  has  been  printed  in  elucida- 
tion of  our  early  popular  ballad  literature.  But  I 
very  much  fear  that  the  recent  books  on  the  sub- 
ject, perhaps  with  some  very  few  exceptions,  are  a 
"  bad  lot,"  and  a  poor  investment  for  the  money 
laid  out  in  their  purchase,  I  intend  shortly  to 
devote  a  series  of  articles  to  these  "  ballad " 
books,  in  which  I  shall  give  ample  reasons  for  the 
mean  opinion  I  have  formed  of  them.  At  present 
what  I  wish  to  point  out  relates  more  especially 
to  one  ballad  concerning  which  Mr.  Jewitt  is 
much  at  fault.  I  allude  to  "  The  Gipsies'  Song," 
which  the  editor  calls  "  a  curious  old  Derbyshire 
song,"  although  I  very  much  doubt  if  a  line  of  it 
was  ever  known  in  that  county.  It  is  derived 
from  the  1673  edition  of  Playford's  Musical  Com- 
panion. Now  Mr.  Jewitt  was  not  aware  that  this 
scrap  is  only  half — three  stanzas  out  of  six — of  a 
well-known  song  in  Ben  Jonson's  masque  of  The 
Gipsies  Metamorphosed,  performed  before  King 
James  and  his  Court  at  three  several  places — 
Burleigh-on-the-Hill,  Belvoir,  and  Windsor —  in 
1621,  This  is  surely  a  strange  oversight  in  one 
who  pretends  to  edit  old  poetry.  But  this  is  not 
all,  Mr.  Jewitt  gives  us  the  "  original  music  "  (?) 
to  some  of  the  songs  in  his  book.  Accordingly 
we  have  the  music  of  Ben  Jonson's  song  trans- 
ferred to  his  pages  from  the  Mtisical  Companion. 
But  here  again  he  has  only  given  us  one-half — the 
treble  without  the  bass  part.  This  is  the  more 
unfortunate  because,  for  certain  technical  reasons, 
the  one  is  not  intelligible  without  the  other. 
Again,  because  this  song  is  taken  from  a  book 
published  by  Playford,  Mr,  Jewitt  ekes  out  his 
matter  by  a  sort  of  biography  of  the  old  music- 
seller,  which  is  full  of  statements  calculated  to 
mislead  the  unwary.  But  it  is  not  my  purpose 
now  to  go  into  this  matter ;  I  shall  merely  re- 
mark that  when  we  are  told  that  "  the  Musical 
Companion  was  first  published  in  1673,"  it  is  not 


the  truth.  It  was  published  in  1667,  and  then 
not  for  the  first  time,  as  it  was  substantially  the 
same  book  as  the  Catch  that  Catch  Can  of  1652 
and  1658. 

I  may  remark  in  concluding,  that  Mr.  Jewitt's 
want  of  knowledge  respecting  the  author  of  the 
"  Gipsies'  Song "  is  the  more  remarkable  since 
his  volume  contains  another  song  from  the  same 
masque  —  "  Cock  Laurel  would  have  the  devil  his 
guest"  —  which  he  gives  to  its  true  author  by 
saying  "  it  is  introduced  in  Ben  Jonson's  masque 
of  the  Gipsies  Metamorphosed,"  although  he  pre- 
fers taking  an  imperfect  copy  from  a  late  broad- 
side, ''Printed  by  W,  0,  and  A.M.  for;  J,  Deacon," 
at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century,  to  a  copy 
of  the  poet's  own  time !  "  Verily,"  to  use  the 
words  of  an  old  writer,  "  the  doings  of  some  of 
our  literary  brethren  are  strange  and  uncouth." 
Edwarb  F.  Kimbatjlt. 


Dogs. — Can  any  of  your  readers  oblige  me  with 
unpublished  anecdotes  illustrative  of  the  instinct 
of  the  domestic  animals,  especially  dogs?  My 
address  is  appended.  I  should  make  use  of  the 
information  in  a  work  now  in  the  course  of  being 
prepared.  Charles  Rogers,  LL.D. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

"  Paint  Things  as  rotr  see  them." — This  is 
supposed  to  be  a  modem  dogma,  but  the  following 
quotation  from  the  works  of  Mengs  the  painter 
gives  the  very  phrase,  and  an  admirable  com- 
mentary upon  it :  — 

"  Finally,  there  is  almost  no  object  in  nature  which  a 
painter  can  copy  as  he  sees,  and  if  any  were  found  who 
had  the  patience,  like  Mr.  Denner  of  Hambourg,  to  make 
everj'  wrinkle,  and  every  hair  with  its  shadow,  and  in  the 
apple  of  an  eye  to  represent  the  whole  window  of  the 
apartment,  with  the  clouds  which  are  in  the  air ;  yet, 
although  all  that  should  be  done,  and  even  better  than, 
he  did  (who  was  unique,  and  admirable  in  this  kind  of 
painting),  yet  such  a  painting  could  never  appear  true, 
except  with  the  condition  of  seeing  it  always  at  that  dis- 
tance in  which  the  painter  made  it,  &c." 

A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner, 

Anatolian  Folk-lore  :  Warts, — The  Greeks 
and  Armenians  believe  that  it  is  unlucky  to  count 
warts,  and  that  if  counted  they  will  increase  in 
number,  Hyde  Clarke, 

A  Treasury  Grievance, — The  following  lines 
may  be  worth  preserving  in  "  N,  &  Q."  :  — 

"  Written   on  y"   Wainscoat  in  the  Treasury,  where 
Gentlemen  are  made  to  wait  for  some  time  before  they 
can  have  admission  to  the  Secretary  of  State  :  — 
"  In  sore  affliction  tried  by  God's  commands. 
Of  patience  Job  a  great  example  stands ; 
But  in  these  days  a  trial  more  severe 
Had  been  Job's  lot  if  God  had  sent  him  here. 

May,  1789." 

Copied  from  an  old  pocket-book  of  the  above 
year.  M. 


8'd  S.  XI.  June  8,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


StJPEESTITIOUS   CtJBES  of  the  CHIN-COtrGH. — 

Hanging  an  empty  glass  bottle  up  the  chimney 
is  in  some  parts  of  Staffordshire  considered  a  capi- 
tal cure.  I  know  of  a  woman  in  Brewood  who 
only  very  recently  tried  it  for  her  child,  and  with 
success. 

According  to  the  Birmingham  Gazette,  a  child 
from  Clent,  in  Worcestershire,  suffering  from  the 
hooping-cough,  was  some  few  years  ago  taken  to 
the  finger-post  at  Broom;  the  parents  placed  it 
on  the  cross  of  a  donkey's  laack,  rode  it  round  the 
post  nine  times,  and,  not  to  impede  the  donkey's 
progress,  cut  away  a  part  of  the  hedge  near  the 
post.  The  child  is  reported  not  to  have  coughed 
again.  C.  W.  F,  F. 

Allen's  County  Histoeies.' — I  am  surprised 
that  any  contributor  to  "  N.  &  Q."  should  quote 
these  compilations  of  a ''  bookseller's  hack."  Who 
Allen  was  I  neither  know  nor  care.  I  once 
took  the  trouble  to  examine  the  so-called  His- 
tory of  the  County  of  York  (my  county),  and 
found  it  a  tissue  of  mistakes  and  misinformation. 
It  was  perfectly  clear  that  many  of  the  described 
places  had  never  been  visited  by  the  compiler.  I 
foimd  buildings,  particularly  churches,  existing 
which  had  long  ago  been  pulled  down.  In  fact 
the  book  was  a  blunder  from  beginning  to  end,  I 
trust  that  ''  Allen's  Histories"  will  not  be  quoted 
again  in  "N.  &  Q."  They  may  form  good  linings 
to  a  portmanteau,  or  serve  for  some  other  useful 
purpose,  but  pray  let  us  keep  them  out  of 
*'N.  &  Q."  S.  Jackson. 

Scottish  Biteials  at  Ghent. — In  the  church 
of  the  Capuchin  Convent  at  Ghent,  suppressed 
in  1796,  and  now  used  as  a  Protestant  place  of 
worship,  on  a  stone  slab  incrusted  in  the  wall  on 
the  right-hand  side :  — 

"  D.  Margareta  Gordon,  filia  Marchionis  Huntlai, 

cujus  regiam  nobilitatem  Maria;  Jacobi  V. 

Scotorum  regis  filiae,  post  reginre  et  martyris, 

tutela  illustra\'it,  comitis  Forbesii  infcelix  conjux, 

thori  ac  principatus  ob  pietatem  exul,  fcelix  duorum 

filiorum  mater,  quos  in  numerum  Capucinorum 

nomine  Archangelus  Seraphicus  patriarcha  adoptavit, 

perpetuis  vitae  hujus  miseriis  liberata 

Kal.  Januarii  a"  1606, 

quam  in  anima  aeternam  felicitatem  calo  leta  obtinuit 

laudem  in  corpore  cum  duobus  Archangelis, 

uno21Martii  1592, 

altero  2  Augusti  1606,  defunctis, 

hie  secura  expectat." 

In  an  obituary  of  the  members  of  this  convent, 
now  preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  Capuchin 
Convent  at  Bruges,  is  the  following  entry : — 

"  1592.  Forbes,  Guilielmus,  comes  regia  stirpe,  filius 
heretici  comitis   et  Margarethse  Gordon    (Archangelus, 
Scotus),  clericus,  vestitus  Bruxellis  13  Februarii  1589, 
obiit  21  Martii  1592,  anno  religionis  3,  ffitatis  sute  29." 
W.  H.  James  Weale. 


Queries. 

Samuel  Blaie. — Wanted,  any  information  re- 
garding him.  He  is  author  of  The  Cottage  among 
the  3Ioi(ntains,  published  about  1839  ;  also  Holiday 
Exercises,  1840.  There  was  a  gentleman  of  this 
name  (S.  Blair)  who  was  minister  of  a  Scotch 
church,  at  Dudley,  in  1841.     Is  he  the  author  ? 

R.I. 

Beignoles. — I  find  this  name  on  the  tomb  of  a 
monk  in  the  conventual  church  of  San  Paolino 
at  Florence.  It  is  certainly  not  Italian.  The  in- 
scription says  "  died  at  Florence,"  which  seems  to 
imply  that  he  was  a  stranger.  The  arms  are 
argent,  a  Calvary  cross  gules.  Is  the  name  iden- 
tical with  our  Brignal  so  common  in  the  county 
of  Durham,  and  which  probably  originates  from 
Brignal  near  Rokeby?  J.  H.  Dixon. 

Florence. 

Eaely  Cannon. — Where  can  I  find  the  oldest 
engraving,  or  other  delineation  of  eai-ly  artillery  ? 
There  is  one  in  the  Greininger  Virgil,  Strasbourg, 
1502,  representing  the  siege  of  Troy,  in  which,  in 
addition  to  the  usual  armour,  bows,  &c.,  we  have 
two  cannon  in  the  foreground  lashed  to  planks 
instead  of  a  carriage.  Where  I  am  I  cannot  get 
access  to  Sir  S.  Meyrick's  book,  but  if  my  memory 
is  correct,  his  examples  are  not  dated,  or  at  any 
rate  the  dates  are  uncertain.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Cheist  a  Yoke-makee. — What  foundation  is 
there  for  the  tradition  that  our  Blessed  Lord  was 
a  maker  of  yokes  for  cattle  ?  Caeylfoede. 

Constitution  Hill. — The  origin  of  this  name  ? 
When  was  the  arch  built,  and  the  road  opened  ? 
Under  what  authority  is  the  use  of  this  road  con- 
fined to  those  who  receive  a  special  permission  to 
pass  over  it  in  carriages  ?  Was  it  originally  a 
part  of  the  Green  Park  ?  If  so,  when  was  it 
severed  from  that  park  ?  J.  L.  O'B. 

DuNwiCH  Relic.  —  In  Gardner's  History  of 
Dunwich,  p.  119,  is  an  engraving  of  a  circular 
piece  of  brass  that  was  found  on  removing  a  mole 
that  stood  within  the  walls  of  the  Grey  Friars  at 
Dunwich.  It  seems  to  be  the  ring  of  a  buckle  or 
brooch  from  which  the  pin  has  become  detached. 
Will  some  one  explain  the  inscription  ?  Is  this 
relic  known  to  be  still  in  existence  ?       Coenub. 

Bishop  Giffaed,  etc. — I  have  in  my  possession 
three  altar  stones.  No.  1  was  consecrated  Jan.  10, 
1701-2,  by  Bonaventure  Giffard,  Bishop  of  Ma- 
daura.  He  was  consecrated  bishop  in  1688  by 
Cardinal  Dada,  Papal  Nuncio  at  St.  James's ; 
died  in  1733,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Pancras 
churchyard,  London, 

No.  2  was  consecrated  Nov.  22,  1792,  by  the 
Bishop  of  Montpellier  (Montepessutanus). 

No.  3  was  consecrated  Feb.  11,  1793,  by  the 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Srd  s,  XI.  June  8,  '67. 


Bisliop  of  Dijon.  What  were  the  family  names 
of  these  two  French  bishops?  When  did  they 
die,  and  where  buried  ?  Is  there  any  published 
life  of  Dr.  GifFard?  Perhaps  your  learned  cor- 
respondent F,  C.  H.  would  kindly  assist  me, 

Chakles  Pakfitt. 

Cottles. 

Greek  Verses  by  W.  S.  Walker.  — At  page 
cxxxix.  of  the  Memoir  by  Rev.  J.  Moultrie  (J. 
W.  Parker,  1852,)  mention  is  made  of  a  version 
of  a  passage  of  Ben  Jonson  by  the  above-named 
scholar.  Will  any  gentleman,  who  may  possess  a 
copy,  communicate  with  me  ? 

P.  J.  F.  Gantiliok, 
The  College,  Cheltenham. 

Rev.  Mr.  Hill. — 

"  And  to  the  honour  of  our  function  (now  become  a 
scorn  and  derision  to  men  who  would  be  pitiable  for  their 
ignorance  if  they  were  not  at  the  same  time  contemptible 
for  their  arrogance)  this  discerning  prince  (Wm.  III.) 
did  often  declare  that  he  had  never  employed  two  minis- 
ters of  greater  vigilance,  capacity,  and  virtue  than  your- 
self, my  lord  (Bp.  Robinson,  sometime  envoy  in  Sweden), 
and  the  Reverend  Mr.  Hill.'"  —  Dedication  "to  Wheatly's 
Rational  Illustration  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  1720. 

Who  was  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hill  ?  E.  H.  A. 

Historical  Tradition  :  the  Emperor  Claxt- 

DlirS  AKD  THE  CHRISTIANS, — 

" '  Angeli  non  Angli,  di  Cliristiani '  was  the  remark  made, 
according  to  historical  tradition,  by  the  Emperor  Clau- 
dius, when  he  saw  in  Rome  a  group  of  children  of  the 
ancient  Britons  who,  with  their  parents,  had  been  carried 
captive  to  the  imperial  city."' — Art-Journal,  May,  1867, 
p.  136,  col.  i. 

This  "  compliment  of  the  Roman  emperor  "  (as 
it  is  called  a  few  lines  below)  suggests  a  few 
inquiries.  Where  is  this  "  historical  tradition  " 
found  ?  How  came  the  Emperor  Claudius  to  be 
so  favourably  impressed  by  Christianity  ?  How 
could  the  ancient  Britons  be  styled  "  Angli  "  four 
centuries  before  the  Teutonic  race  had  invaded 
Britain  ?  What  meaning  are  we  to  attach  to  "  di 
Christiani "  in  the  exclamation  of  the  emperor  ? 
Perhaps  the  conductors  of  the  Art-Journal  can 
answer  these  historical  inquiries.  Ljslius. 

"L'HOMME  FOSSILE   EN    EuROPE,"    BY   H,    LE 

Hon.  —  In  a  short  notice  of  this  work  in  The 
Westminster  Hevie^u,  April,  1867,  it  is  said  that— - 
"  In  the  production  of  this  (the  second  glacial)  period 
of  cold,  the  author  attributes  a  great  influence  to  those 
oscillations  of  the  earth  by  which  the  precession  of  the 
equinoxes  is  caused." 

I  shall  not  be  able  to  see  the  book,  and  shall 
feel  extremely  obliged  if  any  reader  interested  in 
this  matter  will  kindly  inform  me  in  what  parts 
of  the  globe  the  poles  of  the  axis  concerned  in 
these  changes  are  supposed  to  be  placed.  I  am 
not  merely  curious ;  H.  le  lion's  theory  seems  to 
agree  with  the  result  of  my  study  during  thirty 
years  of  lonely  unassisted  meditation.      F.  C.  B. 

Norwich. 


iNDIA-RirBBER  PRESERVATIVE  FROM  RtTST.  —  I 

saw  lately  that  a  composition  (a  solution  of  India- 
rubber,  I  believe)  had  been  discovered  which, 
applied  to  metal,  preserved  it  from  rust.  It  was 
further  stated  that  it  could  be  applied  so  thin  as 
to  be  scarcely  perceptible.  I  have  a  quantity  of 
arms  of  various  kinds,  and  from  various  nations, 
hanging  up  in  my  hall,  and  as  this  place  is  within 
the  influence  of  the  sea  breeze,  the  keeping  them 
free  from  rust  causes  much  trouble,  besides  injury 
to  the  weapons  from  constant  scrubbing.  Unfor- 
tunately I  have  lost  the  note  I  made  of  this  dis- 
covery, and  would  feel  much  obliged  if  any  reader 
of  "  N.  &  Q."  v.'ould  send  me  the  exact  account 
of  it,  and  where  the  solution  can  be  procured. 

Francis  Robert  Da  vies. 
Hawthorn  Black  Rock,  Dublin, 

Jamin  Families. — Required,  any  information 
respecting  the  Jamin  families  in  Great  Britain, 
particularly  genealogical  and  heraldic  notices. 
Also,  I  should  like  to  know  if  there  is  among 
these  a  family  descending  from  a  French  refugee's 
family  of  this  name.  I  should  be  very  thankful 
for  any  information,  M.  L. 

Jews  in  Cornwall.  —  In  Cormoall,  its  Mines 
and  Millers,  published  by  Longmans,  1857,  we 
read — 

"  For  a  long  time  in  the  early  historj'  of  tin-mining, 
the  mines  of  Cornwall  appear  to  have  been  in  the  hands 
of  the  Jews,  They  became  possessors  of  them  chiefly  by 
taking  them  as  securities  for  loans  granted  to  the  early 
Dukes  of  Cornwall,  and  at  several  periods  when  the  Jews 
were  hotly  persecuted,  those  engaged  in  '  tinning '  were 
particularly  exempted." 

Now,  as  Professor  Max  Miiller,  in  his  article  in 
the  April  number  of  Macmillan,  entitled  "Are 
there  Jews  in  Cornwall  ?  A  Riddle  and  its  Solu- 
tion," says  there  is  no  proof  of  their  ever  having 
had  anything  to  do  with  the  county  and  its  mines, 
I  would  ask  if  there  be  any  documentary  or  good 
historical  evidence  of  their  connection  with  the 
county  in  ancient  times  ?  Carew  {Survey,  p.  8) 
supposes  they  may  have  been  sent  here  as  slaves 
by  one  of  the  Flavian  emperors ;  but  he  adduces 
no  grounds  for  this  but  the  discovery,  in  one  of 
the  old  mines,  of  a  coin  of  Domitian.  Sir  H,  de 
la  Beche  gives  proof  of  their  being  engaged  in  the 
tin  trade  prior  to  a,d,  1205,  in  the  appendix  to  his 
Survey  of  Devon  and  Cormoall. 

John  Bannister. 
St,  Day,  Scorrier,  Cornwall, 

Name  of  a  Book,  —  What  is  the  name  of  a 
volume  of  tales  published  in  England  twenty- 
five  or  thirty  years  ago,  among  which  was  one 
called  "  The  Separation,"  or  "  The  Separate  Main- 
tenance" ?  In  it  is  described  a  masked  ball  given 
by  the  Members  of  Wattier's  Club  to  the  distin- 
guished personages  in  London  after  the  battle  of 
Waterloo,  Lord  Byron  is  mentioned  as  being  one 
of  the  persons  present  at  this  ball,  M.  M.  D. 

Philadelphia. 


S'd  S.  XI.  June  8,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


457 


Eev.  K.  M.  Peake. — Will  some  of  your  Cam- 
bridge correspondents  who  have  access  to  the 
Admission  Books  at  Emmanuel  College  give  me 
the  entry  of  the  admission  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Mason  Peake,  B.A.  1781  ?  My  object  is  if  pos- 
sible to  ascertain  the  names  and  places  of  abode  of 
his  father  and  mother.  He  vras  subsequently 
curate  of  High  Ercall,  co.  Stafford,  and  died  un- 
married in  1801.  G.  W.  M. 

"  Morning's  Pride." — On  the  morning  pre- 
ceding the  late  thunderstorm  (the  11th  ult.)  I 
suggested  to  my  milkman — a  genuine  red-cheeked 
countryman  here  at  Hampstead — that  the  hazy, 
misty  appearance  of  the  atmosphere  betokened 
rain  or  a  quick  change  in  the  weather.  "  No, 
sir,"  he  said,  "it's  only  the  morning's  pride." 
The  phrase  seems  to  be  a  poetical  provincialism. 
Can  you  tell  me  its  origin  ? 

John  Camden  Hotten. 
Hampstead. 

QiroTATioNs  WANTED.  —  At  page  80,  vol.  vii.  of 
Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott,  Sir  Walter  quotes  these 
lines  in  his  Diary :  — 

"  For  treason,  d'ye  see, 
Was  to  them  a  dish  of  tea, 
And  murder  bread  and  butter." 

Can  any  reader  of  "X.  &  Q."  tell  me  from 
whence  these  lines  are  taken  ?  Lxdiard. 

"  Morn,  evening  came,  the  sunset  smiled, 
The  calm  sea  met  in  waves  the  shore, 
As  though  it  ne'er  had  man  beguiled, 
Nor  ever  would  beguile  him  more." 

H.  I.  T.  M. 


Of  reverend  chanters  filled  the  aisles ; 
Where'er  I  sought  to  pass,  their  wands 
Motioned  me  back." 

"  You  mistake  too  ; 

It  was  not  this  I  meant,  but  that  which  bears 

A  diadem  around  it." 

F.  C.  B. 
.  Rainborowe  Family. — Thomas  Rainborowe, 
mariner,  of  East  Greenwich,  had  a  lease,  dated 
Sept.  20,  1619,  of  certain  lands  at  Claverham- 
bury,  CO.  Essex,  under  Edward,  1st  Baron  Denney 
[created  Earl  of  Norwich  1626,  died  1636].  I 
should  be  glad  to  know  who  were  the  paternal 
and  maternal  ancestors  of  this  person,  the  date  of 
his  death,  and  the  place  of  his  burial.  Any  in- 
formation about  persons  of  the  name  of  Rain- 
borowe, or  Rainsborough,  will  be  interesting  to 
me.  Edward  Peacock:. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

[There  are  numerous  references  to  Colonel  Thomas 
Rainsborough,  a.d.  1643-1650,  in  the  General  Indexes  to 
the  Commons  Journals  (1547-1714),  vols,  i.  to  xvii.  p.  953, 
fol.  1852.— Ed.] 

Relief  of  the  Poor.  —  In  Timbs's  Anecdote 
Biography,  p.  139,  he  says  that  Charles  Butler 
relates  that  Mr.  Pitt  descanted,  when  on  a  visit  to 


Essex,  on  the  prosperity  of  the  country,  and  the 
comfort  of  the  poor.  His  host  so  managed  that 
on  the  next  day  Mr.  Pitt  {i.  e.  Earl  of  Chatham) 
should  walk  through  Halstead — a  spectacle  of 
poverty.  The  statesman  gazed  on  it  with  wonder 
and  in  silence.  He  then  declared  he  had  no  con- 
ception England  could  furnish  such  a  scene,  sub- 
scribed liberally  for  the  distressed  on  the  spot, 
and  soon  after  brought  into  Parliament  a  bill  for 
the  relief  of  the  poor.  It  fell  through,  as  Butler 
says,  owing  to  "  the  unmanageable  nature  of  the 
subject."  Can  any  of  your  readers  point  out 
where  this  bill  of  Pitt's  can  be  referred  to  ?  Re- 
cent biUs  may  be  obtained  at  Spottiswoode's,  but 
not  bills  of  last  century  I  suppose,         C.  A.  W. 

Sir  Walter  Scott. — I  possess  a  print  on  which 
is  the  following  letter-press.  I  shall  feel  obliged 
to  any  of  the  correspondents  of  "  N.  &  Q."  who 
will  inform  me  who  are  the  persons  whose  por- 
traits appear  upon  it,  or  where  a  key  to  this  print 
can  be  obtained :  — 

"  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  his  literary  friends  at  Abbots- 
ford.  To  Alexander  Dennistoun,  Esq.  of  Golfhill,  pro- 
prietor of  the  original  picture,  this  engraving  is  respect- 
fully dedicated  by  his  most  obedient  servant,  James  Keith, 
Painted  by  Thomas  Faed,  and  engraved  by  James  Faed, 
Published  in  1864,  in  Edinburgh  and  New  York." 

B.  L.  H, 

MS.  Treatise  on  Sile;worms. — The  following 
is  a  copy  of  the  title-page  of  an  original  MS.  which 
I  now  possess  :  — 

"  A  short  Account  of  Silk-Worms  :  shewing — 1.  Their 
Antiquity.  2.  Their  Name  and  Nature.  3.  Their  Ana- 
tomy. 4.  The  Way  of  managing  'em.  5.  Their  Silk, 
and  y«  Nature  and  Qualities  of  it.  6.  The  Way  to  know 
y«  Best  Silk.  7.  The  Way  to  estimate  it  by  Essay,  8. 
Figures  of  y«  several  Changes  y«  Silk- Worm  undergoes. 
Publish'd  on  account  of  a  Project  lately  on  foot  to  en- 
courage y  Manufacture  of  Silk  in  our  own  Nation. 

"  QufB  Tinea  ex  Volucri  fit,  ab  hac  Tineaq:  resumit 
mox  speciem." 

The  word  "lately"  has  originally  stood  "now," 
and  the  alteration  has  been  made  by  the  same 
hand,  but  in  darker  ink.  Several  additional  pages 
have  also  been  inserted,  wherein  the  writer  men- 
tions the  patent  granted  by  "  the  late  King  George  " 
in  the  year  1718  ;  and  further  on  says,  "  Thus  it 
was  hop'd  that  the  Profit  of  this  Undertaking 
wou'd  be  y*  most  considerable  that  was  ever  yet 
known  in  Great  Britain.  But  exitus  acta  probat." 
From  these  circumstances  it  would  appear  that 
this  MS.  was  written  at  the  time  of  the  scheme 
of  1718,  and  was  added  to  after  its  failure.  Has 
any  treatise  answering  this  description  ever  been 
published  ?  It  cannot  be  the  one  said  to  have 
been  written  by  Barham,  a  shareholder  in  the 
company.  W.  C,  B, 

Stool-Ball, — This  game,  so  often  mentioned 
in  old  writers,  is  still  played  in  almost  every  vil- 
lage in  Sussex,  and  is  for  ladies  and  girls  exactly 
what  cricket  is  to  men.    Two  pieces  of  board  18 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  June  8,  '67. 


inclies  by  12  are  fixed  to  two  sticks  from  3  to  4 
feet  high,  according  to  the  age  of  the  players. 
These  sticks  are  stuck  in  the  ground  sloping  a 
little  backwards,  and  from  10  to  15  yards  apart. 
The  players  take  sides,  generally^  eight  to  ten 
each.  The  ball  is  the  common  white  ball  sold  in 
the  shops  for  trap-ball,  and  the  bat  very  much 
like  the  same.  The  bowler  pitches  the  ball  at 
the  board,  which  in  fact  is  the  wicket.  If  he 
hits  it  the  player  is  out.  The  same  is  the  case  if 
the  ball  is  caught ;  and  the  running  out,  stumping, 
&c.  are  exactly  like  cricket.  It  is  a  very  cheerful 
game,  and  more  exciting  than  croquet.  Can  any 
of  your  readers  inform  me  whether  it  is  played  in 
any  other  parts  of  England  ?  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Stuarts  of  Bute.  —  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents inform  me  what  arms  and  crests  were 
borne  by  the  following  families,  descended  from 
the  Stewarts,  sheriffs  of  the  county  of  Bute,  and 
ancestors  of  the  present  Marquis  of  Bute;  viz., 
the  Stewarts  of  Kerrycroy,  of  Largiezeau,  of  Eos- 
land,  of  Mecknock,  and  of  Ambrismore,  all  in 
Bute  ?  J.  S. 

Family  of  William  Vertegans.  —  William 
Vertegans,  an  English  Knight,  married  and  settled 
in  Flanders,  where  he  died  in  1495,  leaving 
several  children.  He  is  said  to  be  descended 
from  Eichard  Vertegans,  Knight  of  the  county  of 
Middlesex,  and  Humfreda,  daughter  of  Edmund 
de  Mortimer.  Having  nearly  completed  a  gene- 
alogy of  the  Flemish  branch  of  this  family,  I  wish 
to  know  something  of  their  English  ancestors, 
and  should  feel  much  obliged  if  any  of  your 
readers  would  favour  me  with  information  con- 
cerning them.  E.  V.  D.  B. 

Archbishop  Whatelt's  Puzzle. — Archbishop 
Whately  says  {Miscellaneous  Remains,  p.  237)  :  — 

"  A  man,  who  was  well  known  to  several  persons  now 
living,  began  life  with  a  handsome  fortune ;  he  lived  a 
life  of  extreme  penury,  denying  himself  everything  be- 
yond the  barest  necessaries.  He  lived  to  a  great  age 
without  having  suffered  any  losses,  or  having  ever  given 
away  anything  ;  and  at  his  death  he  did  not  leave  enough 
to  pay  for  his  funeral,  but  was  actually  buried  at  the 
parish  cost. 

"  It  may  amuse  the  reader  to  exercise  his  ingenuity  in 
guessing  how  this  was  brought  about." 

Have  any  of  your  readers  more  ingenious  and 
more  diligent  than  I  am  found  out  the  puzzle  ? 
Malvern  Wells. 

Monaco. — Being  engaged  in  writing  the  "His- 
tory of  Monaco,  Past  and  Present,"  I  should  feel 
obliged  to  any  of  your  readers  who  could  give  me 
any  information  of  interest  on  the  subject,  espe- 
cially in  regard  to  her  diplomatic  relations  and 
otherwise  with  England,  that  I  may  have  been 
unable  to  obtain  through  the  Archives  of  the 
Principality.  All  communications  to  be  addressed, 
26,  Charles  Street,  Berkeley  Square. 

H.  Pemberton. 


"Man  wholly  mortal."  —  Who  is  E.  0.  the 
author  of  the  book  with  the  subjoined  full 
title :  — 

"  Man  wholly  Mortal ;  or,  a  Treatise  wherein  'Tis 
proved,  both  Theologically  and  Philosophically,  that  as 
whole  Man  sinned,  so  whole  Man  died ;  contrary  to  that 
common  distinction  of  Soul  and  Body :  And  that  the 
present  going  of  the  Soul  into  Heaven  or  Hell  is  a  meer 
Fiction  :  And  that  at  the  Resurrection  is  the  beginning 
of  our  Immortality ;  and  then  actual  Condemnation  and 
Salvation,  and  not  before.  With  Doubts  and  Objections 
answered  and  resolved,  both  by  Scripture  and  Reason, 
discovering  the  multitude  of  Blasphemies  and  Absurdities 
that  arise  from  the  fancy  of  the  Soul.  Also,  divers  other 
Mysteries ;  as  of  Heaven,  Hell,  the  extent  of  the  Resur- 
rection, the  New-creation,  &c.,  opened  and  presented  to 
the  Trial  of  better  Judgments.  By  R.  0.  The  second 
edition,  by  the  Author  corrected  and  enlarged." 

The  treatise  is  written  in  a  pedantic  strain; 
men  are  called  sublunars,  the  angels  that  fell  not 
stative  angels,  an  abortion  an  eifluction ;  and  ad- 
vocates for  an  immortal  soul  soularies,  soulary 
champions,  the  priests  of  the  Church  of  England. 
There  is  an  author  Woolnor  mentioned  in  this 
essay  as  having  written  on  the  soul.     Who  is  he  ? 

Has  this  essay  any  affinity  with  Asgill's  book, 
which  caused  its  author's  expulsion  from  Parlia- 
ment? It  is  noticed  in  Alger's  big  book  on 
eschatology,  an  American  work  recently  intro- 
duced to  this  country,  which  I  have  not  seen. 
I  find  Woolnor  in  Loiondes :  "  Woolnor,  Henry. 
Extraction  of  Man's  Soul,  proving  that  the  Pro- 
duction of  it  is  by  Propagation  and  not  by  Crea- 
tion.   London,  1655.     12mo." 

E.  O.'s  book  (picked  up  out  of  Noble's  Cata- 
logue) is  much  to  the  same  efi"ect,  and  has  no 
merit  to  entitle  it  to  notice  beyond  the  oddness  of 
its  subject  matter.  0.  T.  D. 

[Our  correspondent's  copy  of  Man  Wholly  Mortal  is 
properly  the  third  edition  of  that  work,  although  the 
words  "  Second  Edition  "  are  on  the  title-page.  The  first 
edition  has  the  imprint  "  Amsterdam,  Printed  by  John 
Canne,  Anno  Dom.  1643,"  pp.  57,4to.  The  second,  "Am- 
sterdam, Printed  by  John  Canne,  Anno  Dom.  1644," 
pp.  43,  4to.  The  author  was  Richard  Overton,  "  a  level- 
ler," as  Anthony  h,  Wood  styles  him.  A  full  account  of 
his  work  is  given  in  Archdeacon  Francis  Blackburne's 
Historical  View,  &c.  second  edition,  pp.  77-91 ;  or  in  his 
Collected  Works,  edit.  1805,  iii.  124-139.  The  modern 
hypothesis  which  Overton  attacks  is  that  of  Henry  Wool- 
nor and  of  Ambrose  Parey.  We  have  met  with  two 
replies  to  Overton's  work:  (1)  "The  Prerogative  of 
Man:  or,  his  Soules  Immortality  and  High  Perfection 
Defended  and  Explained,  against  the  rash  and  rude  con- 
ceptions of  a  late  Authour,  who  hath  inconsiderately 
adventured  to  impugne  it.  Printed  in  the  year  1645,"  4to. 
(2)  "  The  Immortality  of  Man's  Soule,  proved  both  by 
Scripture  and  Reason,  contrary  to  the  Fancie  of  R.  0. 
Lond.  1645,"  4to. 

On  August  11,  1646,  Overton  was  summoned  to  the 


Sri  s.  XI.  June  8,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


bar  of  the  House  of  Lords  for  being  concerned  in  printing 
An  Alarum  to  the  Lords,  and  was  committed  to  Xewgate. 
On  Jan.  5,  1646-7,  his  house  was  searched,  where  was 
found  another  treasonable  work,  entitled  Regal  Tyranny 
Discovered,  &c.  On  his  wife  refusing  to  give  any  account 
of  its  author,  she  was  committed  to  Bridewell  for  con- 
tempt. {Lords'  Journals,  viii.  645-650,  657,  658.)  The 
title  of  Overton's  work,  Man  Wholly  3Iortal,  appears  in 
a  list  of  the  Literature  of  the  Doctrine  of  a  Future  Life  at 
the  end  of-Uger's  History  on  that  subject.  For  Overton's 
other  pieces  consult  Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannica.'] 

Change-Rin-gin-g  Societies. — I  shall  be  thank- 
ful for  any  information  respecting  the  history  of 
any  change-ringing  societies  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  especially  concerning  the  actual  origin  of 
the  Society  of  College  Youths.  Can  any  one  re- 
fer me  to  the  first  user  of  the  epithet  "  the  ringing 
island  "  as  applied  to  England  ?  L.  B.  C. 

[In  1637,  the  Societj'  of  College  Youths  was  established 
by  Lord  Brereton,  Sir  Cliff  Clifton,  and  several  other 
gentlemen,  for  the  practice  of  ringing.  They  used  to  ring 
at  St.  Martin's  Vintry  on  College  Hill,  near  Doctors' 
Commons,  upon  a  peal  of  six  bells.  This  church  was 
burnt  by  the  Great  Fire  of  London,  and  never  rebuilt ; 
but  the  society  still  retains  the  name  derived  from  College 
Hill.  (W.  T.  Maunsell,  Church  Bells  and  Ringing,  1861, 
p.  7.)  The  names  of  the  Society  of  College  Youths  be- 
tween the  years  1637  and  1754  are  contained  in  the  Ad- 
ditional MS.  19,368,  pp.  188-200,  British  Museum.  Mr. 
Osborne  states  "  that  the  College  Youths  never  rang  a 
peal  upon  any  number  of  bells  prior  to  the  year  1724. 
This  presumption,  coupled  with  the  fact  of  there  being  no 
records  extant,  affords  strong  proof  that  the  company 
never  rang  anything  worthy  of  record  before  that  year. 
I  am  strongly  impressed  with  an  idea  that  nothing  was 
ever  done  in  the  way  of  peals  before  the  year  1724,  when 
on  the  19th  of  January  of  that  year,  the  College  Youths 
rang  the  first  peal  on  twelve  bells  that  ever  was  com- 
pleted in  this  kingdom.  After  this  they  rang  peals  of 
importance,  and  indeed  very  frequently,  and  these  peals 
were  all  entered  into  a  book  with  the  names  of  the  mem- 
bers." (Addit.  MS.  19,370,  p.  4.) 

We  may  as  well  direct  the  attention  of  those  interested 
in  the  subject  of  bell-ringing  to  a  curious  poetical  work 
in  manuscript  deposited  in  the  library  of  the  Corporation 
of  London,  entitled  "  Remarks  on  a  Rambling  Club  of 
Ringers  and  their  Performances,  giving  an  Account  of 
all  their  Meetings  from  first  to  last,  wherein  may  be  seen 
the  famous  Exploits  which  have  been  done  in  the  Art  of 
Ringing  by  that  worthy  body  of  men.  By  WUliam 
Laughton,  1734  — 

"  Herein  just  fifty  tales  you'll  find. 

And  each  set  down  in  prose  and  rhyme  ; 

Not  one  I'm  sure  was  writ  in  spite. 

So  read  and  judge  'em  as  you  like."] 

Bisnop  NicoLsoif. — 

"  A  Plain,  but  Full,  Exposition  of  the  Catechism  of  the 
Church  of  England.  Enjoyned  to  be  Learned  of  every 
Child  before  he  be  brought  to  be  Confirmed  by  the  Bishop. 


Collected  out  of  the  best  Catechists.  By  the  Right  Re- 
verend Father  in  God,  William,  Lord  Bishop  of  Glou- 
cester." 

I  possess  the  book  of  which  the  above  is  the 
full  title,  and  presume  the  writer  to  be  William 
Nicolson,  Bishop  of  Gloucester.  On  the  page 
opposite  the  title  is  a  rude  design  of  an  oak  tree, 
in  the  branches  of  which  are  tracings  of  three 
royal  crowns,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  tree  the  words 
"Eoyall  Oake."  The  book  is  not  named  by 
Lowndes.  Some  one  has  written  on  a  blank  leaf 
"  only  100  printed."  Is  this  last  statement  ac- 
cording to  fact  ?  Geokge  Lloyd. 

[The  earliest  edition  of  this  excellent  Catechism  we 
have  been  able  to  trace  is  that  of  1655,  where  it  is  stated 
on  the  title-page,  "  Collected  out  of  the  best  Catechists, 
by  William  Nicolson,  Minister  of  the  Gospel."  In  the 
"  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  all  his  loving  Parishioners  of 
Llandilo-Vawr,"  he  speaks  of  having  been'for  three  years 
prohibited  making  use  of  his  talents  for  their  benefit, 
being  ejected  and  silenced.  Our  correspondent's  copy 
was  published  after  the  Restoration,  probably  in  1661,  as 
the  Dedication  to  Gilbert  Sheldon,  Bishop  of  London,  is 
dated  June  20,  1661.  The  rude  designs  do  not  occur  in 
the  edition  of  1663.  It  was  again  republished  in  1671 
and  1686,  as  well  as  in  the  Library  of  Anglo-Catholic 
Theology  in  1842.  His  work  is  noticed  in  Bohn's  Lowndes, 
art.  "Nicholson."! 

Sieve  akd  Riddle.  —  Elisha  Coles  gives  the 
following  among  the  Cheshire  proverbs  — 

"  No  more  sib  (related)  than  the  sieve  and  the  riddle, 
that  grew  both  in  a  wood  together." 

It  is  generally  supposed  these  words  are  synony- 
mous.    What  is  the  real  difference  ?  A.  A. 

[The  riddle  and  sieve  may  be  considered  one  and  the 
same  article,  except  that  there  is  a  difference  in  their  for- 
mation. A  riddle  is  an  instrument  for  cleaning  grain, 
being  a  large  coarse  sieve  with  a  perforated  bottom,  or 
texture  of  basket-work,  which  permits  the  grain  to  pass 
through,  but  retains  the  chaff;  whereas  a  sieve  isautensU 
consisting  of  a  hoop,  with  a  hair  or  wire  cloth,  used  in 
separating  the  fine  part  of  any  substance  from  the  coarse. 

"  The  same  are  shred  and  minced  so  small  as  they  may 
passe  through  a  sieve  or  riddle" — Holland,  Plinie,  book 
x\t[.  c.  11.] 

The  Maid  of  Bregenz.  —  In  a  poem  by  Miss 
Proctor,  entitled  "  A  Legend  of  Bregenz,"  it  is 
stated  that  at  midnight  the  watchman  of  the  town, 
instead  of  the  hour,  calls  the  name  of  the  maiden 
who,  by  her  information,  saved  her  native  town 
from  being  taken  by  surprise  by  the  Swiss.  W^hat 
was  her  name  ?  0.  E. 

[The  origin  of  the  story  of  "The  Maid  of  Bregenz" 
may  be  thus  briefly  stated.  In  the  year  1408  the  town 
of  Bregenz  being  then  in  the  hands  of  the  powerful 
Counts  of  Montfort,  the  inhabitants  of  Appenzell  plotted 
to  surprise  the  place.  Their  plans  were  however  over- 
heard by  a  poor  woman  named  Gutha,  who  while  begging 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3>^  S.  XI.  JoNE  8,  '67. 


learnt  the  whole  plot.  She  at  once  informed  her  fellow - 
townsmen,  who  were  thus  enabled  to  repulse  the  attack 
of  the  people  of  Appenzell  with  a  splendid  victory.  The 
maiden's  name  has  been  ever  since  continued  in  affec- 
tionate remembrance  by  an  official  order,  that  from  Mar- 
tinmas to  the  Feast  of  the  Purification,  the  watchman 
shall  call  out  at  nine  o'clock  each  evening,  "  Ehre  der 
Gutha  ! "  that  is,  "  Honour  Gutha !  "] 

KJNIGHTS    AT    IHE    FlELD    OP    THE    ClOTH    OF 

Gold.  —  Is  there  a  list  extant  of  the  knights 
selected  by  Henry  VIII.  as  his  companions  to  the 
field  of  the  cloth  of  gold  ?  G. 

[The  names  of  these  knights  are  piinted  in  the  Rutland 
Papers,  1842,  p.  31,  as  well  as  in  The  Chronicle  of  Calais, 
1846,  pp.  21-23,  both  published  by  the  Camden  Society.] 


LOKD  CARLYLE. 
(a'd  S.  xi.  278.) 
Perhaps  the  following  extract  from  the  manu- 
script account  of  old  Dumfriesshire  families,  by 
the  Rev.  Peter  Rae,  last  minister  of  Kirkbryde, 
towards  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  before 
it  was  annexed  to  Durrisdeer,  may  be  sufficiently 
interesting  to  deserve  a  place  in  your  columns. 
Rae  left  at  his  death  a  manuscript  containing  an 
account  of  the  parishes  of  the  Presbytery  of  Pen- 
pont,  and  many  notes  on  old  families.  Those 
which  I  have  before  me  are  the  following:  ''Lord 
Carlyleof  TorthorwaWj  "Queensberry";  "Grier- 
son  families  of  Capinoch  and  Barjarg''^  "Water- 
side, in  Keir";  "Maxwells  of  Dinwoody,  in 
Applegarth";  "Kirkpatrickof  Closeburn":  "Lau- 
ries  of  Maxwellton,  in  Glencairn";  and  the  four 
parishes  of  Morton,  Durrisdeer,  Glencairn,  and 
Penpont.  The  late  Robert  M'Tiu-k,  Esq.,  of  Has- 
tings Hall,  in  Dumfriesshire,  who  was  fond  of 
antiquarian  pursuits,  and  a  gentleman  of  literary 
tastes,  caused  a  copy  of  some  of  these  notes  to  be 
made,  and  it  is  from  his  copy  that  I  quote.  It 
may  be  interesting  to  CA9ADOEE  to  have  Rae's 
account  of  the  "  Torthorwald  family"  :  — 

"  It  appears  by  an  extract  of  a  manuscript  historj'  of 
Cumberland,  dedicated  to  the  late  Lord  Viscount  Preston, 
that  there  were  five  generations  of  this  family-  and  sur- 
name of  Carleile  (which  some  write  Carleisle  or  Kar- 
lyole),  in  Cumberland,  before  anv  of  them  came  into 
Scotland.  The  first  of  them  was'Hildred  de  Carliel,  a 
Knight  in  the  time  of  King  Henry  the  Second,  who  pos- 
sessed Bamptou,  a  township  within  Brough  Barronie,  in 
Cumberland  :  it  contained  Great  Bampton,  Little  Bamp- 
ton,  Ughtredby,  Studholm.  The  mauuor  of  Combquin- 
ton  was  also,  at  the  Conquest,  the  lands  of  this  Sir 
HUdred.  He  dwelt  at  Carliel,  and  was  therefore  called 
Hildredus  de  Carliel,  and  left  that  surname  to  the  ancient 
family  of  Carliels,  who  were  all  Knights  successivelj', 
until  King  Edward  L's  time  :  the  second  was  Odard,  the 
third  Sir  JRobert,  the  fourth  Adam,  the  fifth  Eudo,  and  the 
sixth  (who  was  the  first  of  them  that  came  to  Scotland) 
was  William.    This  William  de  Carliel,  when  King  Ed- 


ward first  invaded  Scotland,  sold  most  of  his  lands  in 
England,  and  seated  himself  at  Kinmount — of  him  the 
Barons  Carleils  in  Scotland  are  lineally  descended.  He 
married  Margaret  Bruce,  daughter  to  Robert,  Earl  of 
Carrick,  and  sister  to  King  Robert  the  First,  who  gave  to 
the  said  William  de  Karlj'ole,  and  his  said  beloved  sister 
a  charter  for  the  lands  of  Cronyauton  and  Memigef,  in 
the  barony  of  Kirkmichael,  which  was  afterward  con- 
firmed by  K.  David,  his  son,  in  1369  or  1370.  The  chief 
house  of  the  family  was  Killhead,  or  Kinmount,  in  An- 
nandale  ;  and  thereafter  Torthorrald,  in  Nithsdale,  which 
they  got  by  marrying  Kirkpatrick  heiress  thereof.  Wil- 
liam Carliel,  who  must  at  least  have  been  grandson  of 
the  foresaid  William,  was  created  a  Lord  of  Parliament 
by  K.  James  3<i,  ann.  1476,  according  to  a  manuscript  of 
an  anonymous  author  mentioned  by  Mr.  David  Simson 
in  a  letter  to  a  gentleman  of  the  name  and  family  of 
Carlyle ;  but  this  appears  to  have  been  a  mistake,  for  the 
same  manuscript,  as  Mr.  Simson  observes,  bears  that 
William  Lord  Carliel  was  one  of  the  keepers  of  the 
marches  and  of  the  peace  in  the  reign  of  K.  James  2^. 
So  that  it  appears  that  he  has  been  created  a  Lord  of 
Parliament  before  1456.  And  it  is  clear,  from  a  charter 
comprehending  the  whole  barony,  ann.  1461,  that  Wil- 
liam de  Carliel,  proprietor  thereof,  is  designed  Lord 
CarlUe.  The  eldest  cadet  of  this  family  is  Carlyle  of 
Bridekirk,  and  the  family  of  Limekills  is  from  that. 
Methinks  it  needless  to  detain  ray  reader  with  a  parti- 
cular relation  of  all  the  other  heirs  of  this  noble  family. 
'Tis  sufficient  to  my  purpose  to  show  that  at  length  it 
terminated  in  an  Heiress  named  Elizabeth  Carlyle.  The 
Douglases  of  Parkhead,  in  the  year  1576,  had  got  some 
interest  in  this  barony  of  Carlyle  by  a  gift  of  ward  ;  and 
in  a  few  years  after  James  Douglas,  son  of  Sir  George 
Douglas  of  Parkhead,  married  this  heiress,  Eliz.  Carlyle  ; 
and  in  virtue  of  her,  I  find  him  in  our  histories  (particu- 
larly in  an  Act  of  Council,  1590)  styled  Sir  James 
Douglas  of  Torthorwald  ;  and  Mr.  Hume,  in  his  history 
of  Douglas  and  Angus  (vol.  ii.  pp.  136,  290),  calls  him 
Lord  Torthorwald." 

Rae  then  proceeds  to  give  the  later  history  of 
the  family,  much  as  you  have  narrated  it.  He 
extracts  also  a  passage  from  the  manuscript  ac- 
count of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  but  the  in- 
formation is  nearly  the  same  as  I  have  given 
above.     I  may,  however,  quote  the  following:  — 

"  He  [Hildred]  was  likewise  proprietor  of  the  lands 
of  Newby  (or  the  Moor),  which  descended  to  his  pos- 
terity, until  they  came  to  Richard,  Fil.  Richardi,  Fil. 
Truto,  who  gave  it  to  his  cousin  Reginald  de  Carliel,  and 
he  gave  it  to  the  Abbey  of  Holm-Cultram." 

This  extract  is  attested  by  William  Gilpin. 

There  is  also  an  old  charter  respecting  the 
fisheries  of  the  Solway  and  some  salt-pans.  It 
runs  thus,  as  far  as  I  can  make  it  out.  The  text 
is  evidently  corrupt  in  some  parts  :  — 

"  Willielmus  de  Brus  omnibus  hominibus  suis  amicis 
francis  et  Anglis  presentibus  et  futuris  salutem.  Sciatis 
me  dedisse  et  concessisse  et  hac  mea  charta  confirmasse 
Adffi  de  Carleolo  filio  Roberti  et  heredibus  suis  pro  ho- 
magio  suo  et  servitio  de  incremento  suis  quartaj  partis 
unius  militis  quam  de  me  tenet  in  Kinnemid  unam  sali- 
nam  liberam  subtus  de  prestende  {sic)  et  unam  pis- 
cariam  et  unum  rete  in  litore  maris  liberfe  inter  pisca- 
riam  meam  de  Cummertaies,  qua;  fuit  patris  me  et  Cocho, 
ubi  ipse  melius  voluerit,  cum  racionalibus  (sic)  et  suffi- 
cientibus  necessariis  libere  sicut  de  Cessessio  (sic)  de 
prestende  et  de  more,  ad  salinam  et  piscariam  ita  quod 


3"»  S.  XI.  June  8,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


461 


millus  poterit  (pistura  aut  rete  sicum  ?)  vel  piscariam 
suam,  nisi  per  ilium  super  forisfactorum  rneam,  salvo 
tamen  mihi  et  heredibus  meis  Strione  et  Craspeis.  Tes- 
tibus  Willielmo  de  Heria  turn  senescaldo,  Hudardo  de 
Hodelmo,  Hugone  de  Brus,  Hugone  de  Corri,  Gilberto 
filio  Johannis,  Hugone  Mattwer,  Willielmo  de  Hoy- 
neville,  Ade  de  Dunwithie,  Ricardo  Fleeming,  Ricardo 
de  Basso,  Rogero  filio  Udardi  et  nonnullis  aliis." 

This  charter  seems  to  refer  to  Adam,  the  fourth 
in  descent  from  Hildred  ;  but  who  is  this  William 
Bruce  ?  Kinmount  and  Cummertrees  are  well 
known  in  the  south  of  Scotland.  As  to  the 
witnesses,  Willielmo  de  Heria  may  be  the  an- 
cestor of  Lord  Herries,  and  Hudardo  de  Hodelmo 
probably  "of  Hoddam,"  and  "Dunwithie"  seems 
Dinwoody  in  Applegarth, 

Ckatjftjkd  Tait  Eamage. 


THE  WILLOW  PATTERN. 

(3"^  S.  si.  152,  298,  405.) 

If  Sp.  will  turn  to  Tlie  Secmid  and  Third  Em- 
bassie  to  if  Empire  of  Tm/sing  or  China,  A.D.  1671," 
published  by  John  Ogilby,  London,  1671,  folio, 
he  will  find  between  pp.  570  and  571  a  plate 
which  may  induce  him  to  seriously  believe  that 
this  pattern  (the  willow  one)  illustrated  a  Chinese 
story.  The  plate  is  marked  No.  3,  in  the  lower 
left-hand  margin;  and  in  the  upper  right-hand 
corner  are  two  lines  of  Chinese  characters,  but 
they  have  no  reference  to  the  subject  of  the 
picture.  In  the  centre  is  a  bridge  of  one  arch,  on 
the  middle  of  which  is  a  man  carrying  a  load, 
slung  on  a  pole  across  his  shoulder  in  Chinese 
fashion ;  about  half  way  down  the  bridge  before 
him  is  another  man ;  and  at  the  bottom  stands  a 
man  near  the  door  of  a  small  house,  behind  which 
grow  trees.  In  the  extreme  left  corner  is  seated 
a  goddess,  and  a  little  lower  down  before  her  is 
a  table  with  two  bottles  and  a  plate  on  it ;  near 
which  stands  a  female,  to  whom  a  devotee  is  ap- 
proaching on  his  knees,  up  a  flight  of  steps.  At 
the  top,  near  the  centre,  commences  a  river,  nar- 
row at  first,  but  widening  towards  the  bridge ;  in 
the  middle,  over  the  river,  is  a  figure  with  a 
human  head  and  arms,  but  from  the  waist  down 
ending  in  two  wavy  long  tails;  and  immediately 
in  front  of  it  is  a  something  composed  of  black 
lines,  which  somewhat  resembles  one  of  the  swal- 
lows with  its  wings  expanded.  Returning  now 
to  the  right-hand  side  of  the  picture,  the  two  lines 
of  Chinese  characters  occupy  the  upper  corner; 
below  them  is  the  entrance  to  a  house ;  farther 
down  is  a  solitary  figure,  and  in  the  extreme 
right-hand  corner  a  figure  of  a  man  carrying  a 
glass ;  between  him  and  the  bridge  is  an  island, 
with  two  tall  trees,  and  higher  up  a  something 
which  might  easily  be  transformed  into  a  willow, 
but  it  is  not.    On  "the  island  is  a  man  approaching 


the  bridge :  and  ascending  the  bridge  by  a  flight 
of  stairs  is  a  tiger  at  full  speed,  with  a  man  on 
his  back ;  half-way  up  the  bridge  is  a  man,  in  the 
act  of  looking  round ;  then  the  man  on  the  centre 
of  the  arch,  and  the  other  figures  on  the  right- 
hand  side,  as  just  described.  Any  person  who 
has  seen  a  willow-pattern  piece  of  china  must  be 
struck  with  its  remarkable  similarity  to  this  pic- 
ture if  they  examine  it.  All  persons  whose  atten- 
tion I  have  called  to  the  matter  liave  acknow- 
ledged the  great  resemblance. 

The  story  is  related  at  p.  571.  As  it  is  long,  I 
will  condense  it :  —  The  figure  in  the  top  corner, 
at  the  right-hand  side  of  the  picture,  is  the  god- 
dess Fussa  {Cybele  of  the  Greeks,  and  Isis  of  the 
Egyptians,)  sitting  on  the  plant  lien  (the  lotus); 
near  the  table  stands  one  of  her  priestesses,  whilst 
on  his  knees  is  a  pilgrim  praying.  "  If  you  would  ■ 
go  as  a  pilgrim,  you  must  pass  through  several 
bye- ways  and  chambers,  and  a  long  steep  bridge, 
which  at  the  bottom  is  guarded  by  a  man  sitting 
on  a  tiger.  At  the  door  stands  a  priest  to  keep 
guard,  who  will  first  be  bribed  before  he  will 
allow  a  pilgrim  to  pass."  It  can  easily  be  con- 
ceived how  this  picture  may  have  been  adapted 
by  the  designer  of  the  willow  pattern,  how  the 
birds  may  have  been  substituted,  and  the  willow 
inserted  instead  of  the  original  objects  ;  and  sub- 
sequent designers  may  have  added  the  boat  and 
other  variations  to  be  found  on  diff"erent  speci- 
mens. J.  p. 

Some  thirty  years  ago  I  wrote  a  piece  of  non- 
sense, and  called  it  "A  True  History  of  the 
celebrated  Wedgewood  Hieroglyph,  commonly 
called  the  Willow  Pattern."  It  appeared  in 
Bentlefs  Magazine  at  the  time  Mr.  Charles 
Dickens  was  the  editor.  I  presume  this  is  the 
story  to  which  your  contributors  allude,  and 
which  possibly  was  reprinted  in  the  Family 
Friend.  M,  L. 

The  china  your  correspont  F.  C.  H.  mentions  as 
having  been  introduced  into  this  country  by  a 
French  priest  most  of  us  must  recollect,  as  in  al- 
most every  house  forty  years  ago.  It  was  then' 
known  by  the  name  of  "The  Bourbon  Sprig," 
which  would  account  for  its  origin  as  detailed  by 
your  correspondent.  C.  H. 


«  THE  MERRY  WIVES  OF  WINDSOR." 
(S'O  S.  xi.  349.) 

The  line  — 

"  The  luce  is  a  fresh  fish  :  the  salt  is  an  old  coat," — 
has  been  a  stumbling-block  to  many.  In  Knight's 
Shakspei-e  the  editor  has  tackled  it,  turned  it 
over,  and  left  it  as  it  was.  Your  correspondent's 
attempt  at  emendation  appeared  to  me  so  un- 
satisfactory, that  I  set  myself  to  study  the  subject. 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'l  S.  XI.  Juke  8,  '67. 


Justice  Shallow,  as  tefitted  "a  gentleman  bom" 
under  the  Tudors,  was  well  versed  in  the  "  gentle 
science  of  armorie";  and,  as  was  natural  in  a 
shallow  mind,  proud  of  displaying  this  know- 
ledge. The  passage  must,  therefore,  be  regarded 
from  an  heraldic  point  of  view.  At  first,  I  thought 
the  word  "  salt "  was  an  abbreviation  of  saltire,  as 
fish  are  often  borne  saltirewise,  as  in  the  coats  of 
Gedney  and  Swington:  the  observation  being 
made  by  the  Justice  to  get  a  play  on  the  words 
salt  and  fresh  ;  and  this  is  a  much  more  probable 
explanation,  I  think,  than  that  suggested  in 
Knight's  Shakspere  in  favour  of  saltant.  But, 
on  further  consideration,  I  am  sure  the  words 
should  be  taken  in  their  plain  and  simple  sense. 
Salt  fish  was  formerly,  even  after  the  Reforma- 
tion, an  article  of  great  consumption,  and  there- 
fore held  in  greater  respect  than  now.  The  fish 
used  was  the  hake,  or  "  luce  of  the  sea,"  as  it  was 
called.  This  salt  fish  was  borne  on  the  arms  pf 
the  Stockfishmongers :  Azure,  two  sea  luces  in 
saltire  with  coronets  over  their  mouths,  or ;  which 
arms  are  retained  in  the  coat  of  the  present  Fish- 
mongers' Company.  The  fish  likewise  in  the 
arms  of  Bawde  are  considered  to  be  stockfish; 
being  represented  without  heads:  Gules,  three 
fish  without  heads,  or.  A  stockfish  crowned  is 
the  royal  arms  of  Iceland,  and  appears  in  that  of 
Denmark — stockfish  being  a  most  important  trade 
with  these  countries.  It  will  be  seen  from  these 
facts,  that  "  the  salt  fish  is  an  old  coat " — a  fact, 
though  old,  new  probably  to  many  now,  as  to 
Parson  Evans,  and  for  which  I  am  indebted  to 
Moule's  interesting  Heraldry  of  Fish. 

I  therefore  say,  the  text  should  remain  intact. 

It  is  open  to  question  whether  Justice  Shallow 
is  intended  to  represent  Sir  Thomas  Lucy.  It  is 
not  the  Lucy  arms  whicb  are  described,  "the 
dozen  white  luces."  Philip  E.  Masey. 

24,  OH  Bond  Street. 


Without  raising  any  question  as  to  the  emen- 
dation proposed  by  Cakon  Jackson  for  the  line  in 
The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  which  has  hitherto 
baffled  interpretation  — 

"  Shallow.  The  luce  is  the  fresh  fish  :  the  salt  fish  is  an 
old  coat "  — 

I  would  suggest  that  the  passage  as  it  stands  may 
be  accounted  for  as  containing  an  allusion  to  some 
topic  of  the  day  now  lost  to  us.  , 

The  passage  does  not  appear  in  the  first  sketch 
of  the  play  printed  in  1602.  We  have  it  in  the 
amended  version  which  was  first  published  in 
1623,  but  which  Mr.  Halliwell  supposes  to  have 
been  the  form  in  which  the  play  was  presented 
before  liing  James  I.  in  November  1604.  This 
is  mere  matter  of  conjecture.  If  we  suppose  that 
the  passage  in  question,  at  any  rate,  was  not 
added  till  the  year  1606,  we  may  perhaps  have  a 


clue  to  the  allusion ;  for  in  this  last-mentioned 
year  the  King  of  Denmark  paid  a  visit  to  the 
English  court — an  occasion  which  caused  great 
excitement  in  London  and  its  neighbourhood. 
Contemporary  records,  quoted  in  Nichols's  Pro- 
gresses of  King  James  I.,  give  elaborate  accounts 
of  the  pomp  and  pageantry  with  which  this  visit 
was  celebrated,  particularly  of  the  procession  of 
the  Danish  monarch  and  his  host  through  the 
city.  Of  course,  among  the  heraldic  displays  there 
generally  mentioned,  the  royal  arms  of  Denmark 
would  appear,  which  quarter  those  of  Iceland : 
Gules,  a  stockfish  argent,  crowned  or.  The  in- 
habitants of  London  would  notice,  and  perhaps 
be  amused  by,  this  curious  device;  and  would 
thus  be  ready  to  appreciate  even  a  somewhat 
slovenly  reference  to  one  of  the  topics  of  the  day. 
It  might  consort  with  Shallow's  boastfulness  on 
the  subject  of  his  escutcheon  to  make  him  say, 
"  The  salt  fish  of  Denmark  is  an  old  coat :  but  my 
luce  is  a  still  more  dignified  badge,  if  the  fresh 
fish  is  to  be  preferred  to  the  salt." 
Garrick  Club.  C.  G.  ProweIT. 

On  looking  over  some  books  of  heraldry,  I  find 
that  the  conger-eel  was  also  called  luce,  or  lucy. 
May  we  not  therefore  understand  the  whole  ob- 
scurity as  a  mere  play  upon  words,  without  alter- 
ing Shakspere's  language  at  aU?  Shallow  and 
Slender  speak  of  the  "  dozen  white  luces"  as  "an 
old  coat " ;  Evans  plays  on  the  word,  and  calls 
it  "louse";  whereupon  Shallow  explains  that 
his  luce  \i.  e.  his  pike  or  Jack]  is  the  fresh-water 
fish,  but  that  the  salt  [water]  fish  [i.  e.  the  conger- 
eel]  is  also  an  old  coat.  A.  H, 


LtriGi  Angeloni  (3'^  S.  xi.  437.) — I  was  per- 
sonally and  intimately  acquainted  with  Angeloni, 
Foscolo,  and  Santa  Rosa,  and  had  much  corre- 
spondence with  the  three.  Angeloni  lived  with 
his  intimate  friend  Todini  in  a  small  hotel  in  an 
obscure  street  leading  from  Leicester  Square.  He 
was  poor,  but  certainly  not  a  pauper,  and  I  am 
persuaded  he  did  not  die  in  a  workhouse.  My 
impression  is  that  he  went  to  Paris  with  Todini. 
Foscolo's  cottage  in  Regent's  Park  was  called 
the  Digamma  Cottage.  I  think  he  gave  it  the 
name  in  viemoriam  of  an  article  on  the  Greek  di- 
gamma, which  he  contributed  to  the  Quarterly 
Review,  and  for  which  he  obtained  much  praise, 
I  have  an  autograph  biographical  epitaph  on  him- 
self written  in  Italian  with  an  English  and  French 
introduction,  the  French  being  — 

"  Qu'on  me  couvre  de  terre  ou  de  pierre, 
Ce  m'est  egal — ce  m'est  egal." 

Santorre  di  Santa  Rosa  died  in  Greece,  whence 
he  wrote  many  letters  to  myself  and  others. 

John  Boweins. 

Devon  and  Exeter  Institution. 


S'd  S.  XI.  June  8,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


463 


In  reply  to  the  query  in  laat  "  N.  &  Q." 
(p.  437)  I  remember  when  a  child  frequently 
seeing  Luigi  Angeloni,  then  quite  an  old  man,  in 
my  father's  company,  and  that  he  was  considered 
one  of  the  few  really  notable  Italians  then  in  Lon- 
don. I  believe,  however,  his  temper  and  pecu- 
liarities eventually  isolated  him  almost  entirely. 
Later,  I  recollect  with  painful  distinctness,  com- 
ing upon  him  in  the  streets,  grown  blind,  very  old, 
and  decrepid,  led  about  by  a  rough  hired  boy. 
Lastly,  I  can  recall  the  shock  caused  by  the  news 
of  his  death  among  the  London  Italians.  It  oc- 
curred somewhat  suddenly  on  the  very  night, 
I  think,  on  which  he  was  sent  to  the  workhouse 
(I  suppose  of  Soho)  by  one  Olivieri,  who  kept  a 
plaster-cast  shop  in  Wardour  Street,  where  he 
lodged  in  his  last  days.  Some  respectable  Italians, 
who  had  known  Angeloni,  went  down  to  Oli- 
vieri's  and  called  him  to  account  for  his  conduct, 
but  I  forget  with  what  result.  This  must  have 
been,  I  fancy,  about  1840  or  a  little  later,  but  I 
am  hazy  on  the  point.  Perhaps  you  will  receive 
clearer  information  than  this,  which  comes  from 
one  who  was  still  a  lad  at  the  time  of  Angeloni's 
death.  However,  all  the  Italians  I  can  call  to 
mind,  who  were  then  conversant  with  the  facts, 
are  now  dead.  D.  G.  Rossetti. 

16,  Cheyne  Walk,  Chelsea, 

"  Out  of  God's  blessing  into  the  wakm  siin  " 
(3'^  S.  xi.  413.) — A  query  from  one  of  the  Anti- 
podes deserves  a  prompt  reply,  so  far  as  the  press  is 
concerned  in  giving  it :  the  rest  must  be  left  to 
the  winds  and  the  waves. 

With  an  array  of  proverb-chroniclers  at  com- 
mand, from  Polydore  Vergil  to  Le  Roux  de  Lincy, 
I  shall  choose  on  this  occasion  master  John  Hey- 
woode.  The  old  versifier  thus  reports  the  sayings 
of  a  mis-matched  pair :  — 

"  Spend,  and  God  shall  send  (saieth  he)  saith  the  olde  * 
ballet, 
What  sendth  He  (saie  I)  a  staflfe  and  a  wallet. 
Than  vp  gothe  his  staffe,  to  send  me  a  loufe. 
He  is  at  three  woords  f  vp  in  the  house  roufe. 
And  herein  to  grow  (quoth  she)  to  conclusion, 
I  praie  your  ayde,  to  auoid  this  confusion. 
And  for  counsaile  herein,  I  thought  to  haue  gon. 
To  that  cunnjTig  man,  our  curate  sir  John, 
But  this  kept  me  backe,  I  haue  herd  now  and  then, 
The  greattest  clerkes  be  not  the  wysest  men. 
I  thynk  (quoth  I)  who  eusr  that  terme  began. 
Was  neither  great  clerke,  nor  the  greatest  wise  man. 
In  your  runnyng  J  from  him  to  me,  ye  runne 
Out  of  Gods  blessing  into  the  warme  sunne." 

John  Heywoodes  Woorkes,  1562, 4" 
G  3  verso. 
Mr.  Hunter  refers  to  Steevens — but  Tyrwhitt 
was  the  first  who  quoted  the  couplet  which  con- 
tains the  common  saio  in  question. 

Bolton  Cokney, 

*  The  text  of  1562  has  "  tholde,"  and  edit.  1598  has 
"th'old." 

t  "  Woord3,"  says  the  text.     It  must  mean  woordes. 
X  The  text  has  "  renning."   It  may  be  an  oversight. 


"  Histoire  des  Diables  Modeenes,"  etc.,  par 
A  »  *  •,  Londres,  &c.  [Paris  ?],  1763,  sm.  12m(>, 
pp.  221  (3"»  S.  X.  310.)  — This  satirical  work  is 
clearly  not  by  J,  Adolphus,  as  he  was  not  born  in 
1763,  Are  there  other  editions  ?  Is  the  book 
scarce  ?  Can  any  of  your  readers  conjecture  how 
Watt  attributed  it  to  the  above,  or  who  "A**  *" 
was  ?  This  work  is  not  mentioned  by  Querard, 
Barbier,  or  De  Manne, 

Olphak  Hamst,  Bibliophile. 

Abraham  Thoenton:  Wager  of  Battle  (2'«>S. 
ii.  241 ;  xi.  431 ;  S'^  S.  xi.  407.)— There  is  a  good 
summary  of  the  whole  story  of  the  last  challenge 
to  "  wager  of  battle  "  in  England,  in  the  number 
of  Mr.  Charles  Dickens's  All  the  Year  Bound  for 
May  18.  It  forms  part  of  an  interesting  series 
entitled  "Old  Stories  Re-told,"  and  contains  full 
particulars  of  the  trial,  the  circumstances  of  the 
murder,  and  the  lives  and  deaths  of  Abraham 
Thornten  and  WiUiam  Ashford,  X,  C. 

To  CRT  "  Roast  Meat,"  etc.  {^'^  S,  xi.  378.)— 
This  phrase  means,  I  think,  to  boast  of  good 
cheer.  It  is  used  by  Charles  Lamb  in  this  sense 
in  his  Mia  essay  on  "  Christ's  Hospital  five-and- 
thirty  years  ago."  Lamb  is  telling,  in  his  own 
inimitably  humorous  manner,  a  story  of  a  Blue- 
coat  boy  who  kept  a  young  ass  on  the  leads  of 
the  dormitory,  which  he  fed  upon  bread  exacted 
from  forty  of  his  schoolfellows !  — 

"  This  game  went  on  for  better  than  a  week ;  till  the 
foolish  beast,  not  able  to  fare  well  but  he  must  cry  roast 
meat.  .  .  .  waxing  fat  and  kicking,  in  the  fulness  of 
bread,  one  unlucky  minute  would  needs  proclaim  his 
good  fortune  to  the  world  below;  and  laying  out  his 
simple  throat,  blew  such  a  ram's-horn  blast  as  (toppling^ 
down  the  walls  of  his  own  Jericho)  set  concealment  any 
longer  at  defiance.  The  client  was  dismissed,  with  cer- 
tain attentions,  to  Smithfield ;  but  I  never  understood 
that  the  patron  underwent  any  censure  on  the  occasion." 

The  phrase  in  the  above  passage  is  used  in 
exactly  the  same  sense  as  in  the  song  of  "  The 
Coimtry  Wedding."  Swatfal  Hall  (wherever 
situate)  was  evidently  a  mansion  famed  for  old 
English  hospitality,  and  those  who  had  the  good 
fortune  to  be  entertained  there  might  well  cry 
"  Roast  meat !  "  Jonathan  Bouchiee, 

Nares  (ed.  1859)  explains  (?)  "  To  cry  roast'' 
by  the  following  quotation :  — 

"  If 't  be  your  happinesse  a  nymph  to  shrive, 
Your  anagramme  is  here  imperative. 
Or  to  yourselfe,  or  others,  when  they  boast 
Of  dainty  cates,  and  afterwards  cry  roast." 

Lenton's  Innes  of  Court  Anagrammatist,  1634. 

The  use  here  seems  parallel  with  that  in 
Jatbee's  quotation ;  but  I  must  confess  I  imder- 
staud  neither  clearly. 

In  the  next  quotation  from  the  same  poem  — 
"  Though  in  some  things  she  was  short  of  the  fox. 

It  is  said  she  had  twenty  good  pounds  in  her  box," — 


.7.    i""-i  %',\ 


1' 


464 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S-^  S.  XI.  June  8,  '67. 


does  not  "short  of  the    fox''  mean  ''not  very 
cunning  "  ?     Quoth.  Feste  of  himself  — 

"  Sir  Toby  will  be  s-\vorn  that  I  am  no  fox." 

Twelfth  Night,  Act  I.  Sc.  5,  74. 

John  Addis,  Juk. 

<'  Though  in  some  things  she  was  short  of  the  fox. 
It  is  said  she  had  twenty  good  pounds  in  her  box." 

To  he  "  short  of  the  fox  "  evidently  means,  to 
be  wanting  in  cunning  :  for  the  fox  is  always  de- 
scribed as  an  animal  possessed  of  great  cunning, 
and  I  think  the  woman  referred  to  in  the  poem 
from  which  the  above  extract  is  taken  is  meant 
to  be  shown  as  shrewd  enough  to.  save  up  twenty 
pounds,  though  not  generally  remarkable  for  the 
cunning  of  the  fox.  H.  S.  J.  M. 

JoHK  Seaech  (3"1  S.  xi.  278,  423.)  — There 
was  a  John  Search  controversy  in  the  thirties  of 
this  century,  the  focus  of  which  was  the  city  of 
Worcester.  The  Eev.  Dr.  Bedford,  Independent 
minister,  was  falsely  and  maliciously  charged 
with  being  John  Search ;  but — though,  I  believe, 
not  publicly  acknowledged — the  Rev.  Mr.  Mursell 
of  Leicester,  a  Baptist  minister,  was  the  author  of 
the  pamphlet  or  pamphlets  bearing  that  pseu- 
donyme.  All  the  parties  concerned  are  now  dead, 
so  that  no  painful  feelings  can  be  excited  by  this 
mention  of  names.  Perhaps  this  note  may  be  a 
clue  to  something  more  satisfactory.        T.  C.  D. 

The  Great  Gorham  Case  ....  By  a  Looker-on 
[G.  C.  Gorham  ?]  with  a  preface  by  John  Search 
[pseud.  G.  C.  G.]  Lond.  1850.  Am  I  right  in 
supposing  the  "  Looker-on  "  to  be  G.  C.  G.  ? 

Marriage  loith  a  deceased  Wife's  Sister  proved  to 
he  forbidden  in  Scripture.  By  Sarah  Search 
[pseud.  F.  Nolan],  By  whom  is  added  a  reply 
to  "  Coelebs  [query  who  is  this  ?]  and  other 
eminent  divines."    Drogheda  [1855],  8vo. 

Ralph  Thomas. 

"None  bui  Poets  eemembee,  theie,  Youth  " 
(3''«  S.xi.  194,343.)— Ihardly  dared  hope  you  would 
deem  my  youthful  reminiscences  worth  inserting 
in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  thinking  with  Polonius  that 
"  Brevity  is  the  soul  of  wit,"  I  made  my  story  as 
short  as  I  could.  I  regret,  however,  not  to  have 
added — speaking  of  the  two  grenadiers — that  I 
perfectly  recollect,  the  day  the  regiment  left  for 
the  seat  of  war,  my  maid,  who  probably  was  on 
as  good  terms  as  I  was  with  my  friends,  taking 
me  to  the  review  to  see  them  off  on  the  boule- 
vard. As  soon  as  I  espied  one  of  them  in  the 
front  rank,  running  up  to  him  fearlessly,  he  took 
me  up  in  his  arms,  and  kissed  me  (I  dare  say 
wi  peu  a  Vintention  de  la  bottne  !  *),  when  the  com- 


*  This  ingenious  medium  of  kissing  one  object  for 
another  has  since  been  admirably  demonstrated  by  the 
lamented  J.  Leech,  in  the  nurserymaid  apostrophising 
and  kissing  the  Horse  Guardsman's  charger,  he  mounting 
guard,  "  Oh !  you  darling !  I  am  so  fond  of  you !  " 


manding  officer,  with  a  stern  voice,  ordered  the 
kind-hearted  fellow  to. set  me  down.  That  was 
more  than  half  a  century  ago :  so  you  see,  sir, 
"  others  but  poets  remember  their  youth." 

P.  A.  L. 

SiE  William  Aenott  (3"^  S.  iii.  348.)— This 
gentleman  was  a  native  of  Fifeshire ;  entered  the 
army  in  1735,  and  sold  out  when  lieut.-colonel  of 
the  2nd  Dragoon  Guards  in  1779.  In  the  interval 
he  had  succeeded  his  brother,  Sir  Robert,  in  the 
baronetcy.  He  married  a  Worcestershire  lady, 
and  was  buried  at  Powick,  as  you  have  already 
been  informed. 

The  estates  at  Orlton  must  have  been  his  only 
in  right  of  his  wife,  for  by  Lady  Arnott's  will, 
executed  July  13,  1782,  a  fortnight  before  her 
husband's  death  (July  27, 1782),  a  copy  of  which 
is  now  before  me,  she  devised  her  estate  at  Orlton 
to  her  brother.  Dr.  Treadway  Nash. 

His  own  patrimonial  estate  of  Dalginch,  in  the 
county  of  Fife,  Sir  William  left  to  Major  Thomas 
Arnott,  the  eldest  son  of  his  deceased  sister  Ann 
and  Thomas  Arnott  of  Chapel  Kettle.  But  the 
will  not  having  been  drawn  up  in  accordance 
with  the  law  of  Scotland  in  regard  to  landed 
estate,  was  ineffectual  to  convey  it  to  his  nephew. 
It  therefore  descended  to  Sir  William's  heirs-at- 
law,  the  aforesaid  Major  Arnott  and  Mr.  W. 
Glass,  the  eldest  son  of  another  sister,  Elizabeth, 
also  deceased.  There  were  formerly  various  fami- 
lies of  Arnott  in  the  county  of  Fife.  There  was  a 
Sir  John  Arnott  of  Arnott  (a  lieut.-general), 
who  died  about  1750,  and  apparently  it  was  on 
his  death  that  the  baronetcy  came  into  the  Dalg- 
inch family.  J.  M.  A. 

Chapel  Kettle,  Ladybank,  Fifeshire. 

Tennyson  :  Elaine  :  Camelot  (3'''  S.  xi.  215.) 
Referring  to  Denkmal's  query  of  March  16,  it  is 
very  clear  that  "the  place  which  now  is  this  world's 
hugest"  is  Loudon.  It  is  almost  equally  clear 
that  Glastonbury  is  the  "  shrine  which  then  in  all 
the  realm  was  richest."  The  kind  of  country- 
traversed  by  Sir  Lancelot  answers  well  to  that 
lying  between  those  places.  The  only  difficulty 
is  the  distance,  but  in  those  heroic  days  what 
were  a  few  miles  ?  Now  there  is  a  little  town 
not  far  from  the  Sparkford  Junction  on  the  Great 
Western  line  that  commends  itself  for  the  honour 
of  representing  the  ancient  Camelot  in  more  ways 
than  one.  In  the  first  place  its  name  is  sugges- 
tive— Queen  Camel ;  next,  it  is  on  a  river  that 
flows  through  it  (an  essential  point)  to  the  Severn 
Sea — viz.  the  Perrot;  thirdly,  the  distance  from 
Glastonbury  is  not  too  great  for  the  funeral  pro- 
cession ;  fourthly,  the  Roman  remains  show  that 
the  district  was  in  early  times  important. 

Again,  there  is  another  coincidence  with  the 
poem.     Queen  Camel  lies  in  the  plain  near  where 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  8,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


465 


tlie  waves  of  tlie  Dorset  Hills  are  stopped  abruptly. 

So  we  read  of  the  hermit  knight  — 

"  Who  had  scooped  himself 
In  the  white  rock  a  chapel  and  a  hall, 
On  massive  columns  like  a  shorecliflf  cave. 

The  green  light  from  the  meadows  underneath, 
Struck  up  and  lived  along  the  milkj^  roofs,"  ifec. 

There  is  a  diiEculty  in  fixing  the  locality  of 
Astolat.  For  the  castle  must  be  near  the  river 
that  runs  up  toCamelot,  consequently  to  the  west 
of  Queen  Camel.  It  is  true  Sir  Lancelot  "full 
often  lost  in  fancy  lost  his  way  " ;  but  he  must 
have  been  very  much  out  of  his  reckoning  to  have 
strayed  round  the  other  side  of  the  ''dim  rich 
city  "  without  knowing  it.  Could  some  of  your 
readers  offer  a  solution  ?  S. 

Dakte  Q.ttebt  (S'"*  S.  xi.  340.)  —  Amidst  the 
many  authorities  quoted  on  this  subject  I  do  not  ob- 
serve that  of  Boccaccio.  His  commentary  unfortu- 
nately extends  no  further  than  the  17th  canto 
of  the  Inferno,  but  this  includes  the  esea  sotto 
facile  of  the  14th  canto.  And,  as  almost  a  con- 
temporary, his  decision  is  surely  conclusive  upon 
the  meaning  of  the  words,  about  which  he  has 
evidently  not  the  slightest  misgiving  — 
"  Onde  la  rena  s'  accendea  coni'  esca 
Sotto  fucile. 

"  D'  assai  'cose,  e  diversamente,  si  compone  quella 
materia,  la  quale  noi  chiamiamo  esca,  cetta  ad  accendersi 
da  qualunque  .piccola  favilla  di  fuoco ;  ed  il  fucile  e  uno 
strumento  d'  acciajo  a  dovere  delle  pietre,  le  quali  noi 
chiamiamo  focaje,  fare,  percotendole,  uscire  faville  di 
fuoco  ;  e  r  accender  di  questa  rena  avvenia,  a  doppiar  lo 
dolore  de'  miseri  peccatori,  che  su  vi  stavano." 

Cary  can  afford  to  make  a  mistake  for  once. 

M.  Gattt. 

I  fear  you  must  think  enough,  and  more  than 
enough,  has  been  said  on  this  matter,  but  I  should 
like  to  point  out  that  Longfellow,  in  his  recently- 
published  translation  of  the  Inferno,  renders  the 
words,  esca  sotto  il  focile,  by  like  tinder  beneath 
the  steel.  Mr.  Longfellow,  though  perhaps  no 
great  'poet,  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  accom- 
plished of  living  scholars,  and  moreover  a  thorough 
linguist.  It  is  accordingly  interesting  to  know 
how  he  renders  this  vexed  passage. 

Jonathan  Boitchiee. 

ArSTEALIAN  BOOJIERANG  (.3'"<'  S.  xi.  334.)  — 
There  is  a  concise  account,  with  a  sketch,  of  the 
above  missile,  at  pp.  3.51-2  of  Lubbock's  Prehis- 
toric Times,  Williams  &  Norgate,  1865.  The 
authorities  there  given  are  The  United  States  Ex- 
j)lor.  Exped.  vol.  i.  p.  191 ;  and  Trans.  Eihnol. 
Soc.,  N.  S.  vol.  iii.  p.  264.  Archimedes. 

England  a  Nation  of  Shopkeepers  (3'*  S. 
viii.  191.)  — On  May  31,  1817,  Napoleon  is  re- 
ported to  have  said  to  Barry  O'Meara  — 

"  You  were  greatly  offended  with  me  for  having  called 
you  a  nation  of  shopkeepers.    Had  I  meant  by  this  that 


you  were  a  nation  of  cowards,  you  would  have  had  reason 

to  be  displeased I  meant  that  you  were  a  nation 

of  merchants,  and  that  all  your  great  riches  arose  from 

commerce Moreover,  no  man  of  sense  ought  to 

be  ashamed  of  being  called  a  shopkeeper." —  Voice  from 
St.  Helena,  vol.  ii.  p.  81. 

John  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Head  of  King  Charles  I.  (3'"  S.  viii.  263.)— 
Mr.  Kennedy  observes,  "  the  State  Trial  report 
asserts  that  the  head  was  sewn  on,  and  the  body 
wrapped  in  lead,  whereas  Sir  H.  Halford  tells  us 
that  the  head  was  found  to  be  loose,  and  the  body 
wrapped  iu  cere-cloth."  Neither  Lord  Clarendon 
in  his  history,  nor  Mr.  Herbert  in  his  narrative  of 
the  last  days  of  the  unfortunate  king,  make  any 
allusion  to  the  sewing  on  of  the  head. 

Mr.  Herbert's  accoimt  may  be  found  in  Wood's 
Athence  Oxoyiienses,  vol.  iii.  p.  I.  p.  393,  edition 
1807;  in  the  same  work  (vol.  ii.  p.  765,  edition 
1692),  Thomas  Trapham  "  put  his  hand  to  open 
and  embalm  the  body  of  King  Charles  the  First 
after  his  decollation ;  and  when  that  was  done,  he 
sewed  his  head  to  his  body ;  and  that  being  done 
also,  he  said  to  the  company  then  present  that  he 
had  sewn  on  the  head  of  a  goose." 

John  Wilkins,  B.C.L. 

Hands  on  old  Clocks  (^'^  S.  xi.  275.)— Your 
correspondent  Q.  Q.  siqyposes  the  statement  quoted 
by  him,  that  "  until  nearly  the  close  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  tvatches  had  only  one  hand,"  to  be 
applicable  also  to  clocks. 

I  can  inform  him  that  until  about  fifteen  or 
twenty  years  *go  there  were  several  public  clocks 
in  London  with  but  one  hand  each,  and  that  even 
now,  if  he  will  go  to  Westminster  Abbey,  he 
may  see  in  the  north-western  tower  there  a  clock 
doing  its  work  single-handed.  The  spaces  be- 
tween the  hour-figures  on  the  dials  are  divided 
into  halves,  but  I  remember  some  single-handed 
clocks  which  had  them  divided  into  quarters. 

W.  H.  Husk. 

Organ  (3'''^  S.  xi.  295.) — The  "  ancient  organ  " 
was  removed  from  Uley  church  about  sixty  years 
ago,  to  make  room  for  one  chosen  by  Doctor 
Crotch.*  There  are  no  remains  of  it.  It  is  said 
to  have  lasted  from  the  time  of  Charles  IL,  and 
is  described  by  an  old  inhabitant  as  a  "  box  of 
whistles."  It  was  turned  with  a  handle  like  a 
grinding  organ,  and  was  painted  blue  and  buff. 
Hetty  Pegler. 

Uley,  Gloucestershire. 

Olympia  Morata,  etc.  (3'^  S.  xi.  297.)— Your 
correspondent  may  find  both  pleasure  and  further 
information  in  reference  to  this  distinguished 
lady  by  consulting  the  following  works :  — 

"  Olympia  Morata  ;  her  Times,  Life,  and  Writings, 
arranged  from  contemporary  and  other  authorities." 
12mo.     London  :  Smith,  Elder,  &  Co.,  1836. 

"  M'Crie's  (Dr.)  History  of  the  Keformation  in  Italy." 
8vo.    1833. 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"J  S.  XI.  June  8,  '67. 


And  in  the  more  recent  and  elaborate  work  inti- 
tuled— 

"  The  Life  and  Times  of  Aonio  Paleario,  by  M.  Young." 
2vols.8vo.    1860.    (Vol.  ii.)  VAX 

There  is  an  interesting  notice  of  this  learned 
and  amiable  lady  in  BiograiMes  of  Good  Women, 
chiefly  hy  Contributors  to  the  Monthly  Packet. 
Mozleys,  1862.  E.  H.  A. 

Pair  of  States  (3'-'>  S.  xi.  46,  327.)  —  Pair  of 
beads  was  the  usual  name  for  a  string  of  prayer 
beads.  All  the  instances  of  this  phrase  that  I  have 
seen  would  fill  a  volume.  As  a  specimen  take 
the  following :  — 

"  Full  fetise  was  her  cloke,  as  I  was  ware : 
Of  small  coral  about  her  arm  she  bare 
Apaire  ofhedes,  gauded  all  with  grene, 
And  thereon  hong  a  broch  of  gold  full  shene, 
On  which  there  was  first  writ  a  crowned  A, 
And  after  Amor  vincit  omnia." 

Chaucer,  Prologue  to  Canterbury  Tales, 
The  Prioresse. 
"  1498  for  a  Peyre  of  Bedys  that  were  Marg.  Medyl- 
tons,  4'  4"!." — Walbersurch  Churchwardens'  Accounts  in 
Gardner's  History  of  Dunwich,  p.  148. 

"  Roger  de  Kirkby,  Vicar  of  Gainford,  in  the  Bishop- 
rick  of  Durham,  who  died  a.d.  1412,  left  one  pair  of  bedes 
of  amber  with  an  agnus  dei,  of  the  value  of  ten  shillings," 
Walbran's  History  of  Gainford,  p.  72. 

Other  examples  are  quoted  in  MaskeU's  Monu- 
menta  Hit.  Heel.  Anglic,  vol.  ii.  p.  xlviii. 

Edwabd  Peacock. 

Death  by  the  GuiLLOTHfE  (3"*  S.  xi.  134.) — 
The  following  paragraph  is  going  thfe  round  of  the 
papers : — 

"The  Dissevered  Head. — Much  has  been  written 
and  many  conflicting  opinions  expressed  as  to  whether 
the  head  after  decapitation  retains  any  sensibility,  and 
the  question  has  been  revived  in  Paris  a  propos  of  Le- 
maire's  execution.  M.  Bonnafont  gives  the  following 
account  of  an  experiment  on  the  dissevered  heads  of  two 
Arabs,  which  will  probably  set  the  question  at  rest.  He 
says :— '  I  was  in  Algiers  in  1833,  where  I  met  with  a 
military  surgeon,  M.  de  Fallois,  who  asked  me  what  I 
thought  of  the  assertion  of  Dr.  Wilson  of  New  York,  that 
a  dissevered  head  retains  its  sensibility  for  two  or  three 
minutes.  I  maintained  the  impossibilitj'  of  the  .asserted 
fact  on  physiological  grounds ;  but  M.  de  Fallois  re- 
mained unconvinced.  I  heard  that  on  the  following  day 
two  Arabs  were  to  be  beheaded,  and  obtained  leave  to 
make  some  conclusive  experiments  on  the  subject.  For 
this  purpose,  I  had  placed  on  the  execution  ground  a 
small  low  table,  on  which  was  placed  a  large  shallow 
vase  nearly  filled  with  powdered  plaster.  I  then  went  to 
the  place  of  execution,  provided  with  a  small  ear  trumpet 
and  a  very  sharp  lancet.  It  had  been  agreed  that  the 
charus  should  place  the  head,  immediately  after  it  was 
cut  ofi',  upon  the  plaster  of  Paris,  so  as  to  stop  the  hsemor- 
rhage.  M.  Fallois  was  to  speak  to  the  first  head  by 
name,  placing  the  ear  trumpet  to  the  ear,  whilst  I  exa- 
mined what  occurred  in  the  eyes  and  on  the  other  features. 
This  was  done,  but  notwithstanding  all  the  shouts  into 
the  ear,  I  could  not  perceive  the  slightest  sign  of  life. 
The  eyes  reniained  glassy  and  motionless ;  the  face  dis- 
coloured.   The  muscles  gave  scarcely  any  sign  of  con- 


traction under  the  influence  of  the  lancet.  We  changed 
places  when  experimenting  with  the  second  head,  and 
M.  de  FaUois  convinced  himself  that  death  was  undoubted 
and  instantaneous.  It  could  not  be  otherwise,  physiolo- 
gically speaking,  for  immediately  after  the  division  of 
the  large  arteries  which  convey  the  blood  to  the  encepha- 
lon,  a  sanguineous  depletion  takes  place,  which  must  ne- 
cessarily bring  on  syncope." — British  Medical  Journal. 

Job  J.  B.  Workakd. 

Jack-a-Baenell  (3'^  S.  xi.  353.)  —  I  never 
saw  this  word  before,  but  have  heard  it  these 
thirty  years  in  North  Warwickshire  as  the  name 
of  the  small  fish  (minnows)  which  are  found  here. 
It  was  always  pronounced  Jack  Bannel.      Este. 

"As  CLEAN  AS  A  Whistle "  (3^1  S.  xi.  331, 
360.) — The  explanations  of  the  phrase  "As  clean 
as  a  whistle  "  given  in  the  last  two  numbers  of 
"N.  &  Q."  are  a  little  far-fetched.  The  word 
clea7i  has  three  meanings — purity,  emptiness,  and 
elegance  of  form.  "  As  clean  as  a  whistle  "  means 
as  empty  as  a  whistle.  When  whale  ships  arrive 
in  port  after  an  unsuccessful  fishing,  they  are 
reported  as  clean — they  have  brought  no  oil ;  they 
are  empty.  The  term  may  be  seen  in  the  Dundee 
or  Hull  newspapers  almost  every  year. 

The  term  clean  is,  or  was  lately,  used  by  the 
Excise  for  empty.  When  an  officer  of  that  de- 
partment made  his  visit  to  a  soap  factory,  all  the 
coppers  were  reported  on.  If  numbers  so-and-so 
were  empty,  they  were  entered  as  clean.  When 
the  manufacturer  had  to  empty  any  of  his  coppers, 
when  the  soap  was  perfect,  the  Act  specified  that 
he  must  give  twelve  hours'  notice  to  cleanse.  This 
cleansing  had  no  reference  to  purifying  or  washing. 
After  the  operation  of  cleansing  the  copper  was 
dirty  enough.  The  Scotch  say  "As  toom's  a 
whistle,"  thus  proving  that  the  term  clean  means 
empty.     Burns  says :  — 

"  Paint  Scotland  greeting  ow'r  her  thrissle, 
Her  muchkin  stoup  as  toom's  a  whistle." 

Clean,  for  elegance  of  form,  needhardly  be  dwelt 
on.  It  is  an  everyday  word  in  the  mouths  of 
common  people.  W.  M. 

Ptjnnikg  Mottoes  (3"*  S.  xi.  32,  &c.)  — The 
motto  of  a  surgeon  of  my  acquaintance  contains, 
through  coincidence,  a  pun.  "Perge"  is  the 
motto.  H.  S.  J.  M. 

Bull  family—"  Est  in  juvencis  patrum  virtus." 

H.  P.  D.  refers  to  the  motto  of  Trotter,  "Festina 
lente."  Allow  me  to  remind  your  readers  that  this 
was  taken  from  the  Onsloios  by  one  Trotter,  who 
had  a  grant  of  arms  in  the  last  century.  The 
story  told  of  the  well-known  Dr.  Cox  Macro  is 
not  bad.  Walking  up  the  street  at  Cambridge 
one  day  with  a  friend,  he  asked  him  to  suggest 
him  a  motto.  "  Cocks  may  crow,"  was  the  ready 
reply.  G-  W.  M. 


3fd  s.  XI.  June  8,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


Chief  Bakon  James  Reynolds,  and  Chief 
Justice  Sir  James  Reynolds  (3"*  S.  ix.  463.)  — 
At  length  I  am  able  to  settle  the  relationship  be- 
tween these  judges.  Dui-ing  a  visit  to  London 
lately,  I  referred  again  to  the  entries  of  their  ad- 
mission into  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  after  some  diffi- 
culty I  discovered  that  Mr.  Robert  Reynolds, 
father  of  Sir  James,  -was  of  "  Burasted,"  Essex. 
The  following  abbreviated  sketch  may  be  useful: — 


1« 

.5 

:•! 

m 

s 

i-s 

.3  II 

o 

■g 

i'.'s 

05 

»>:■<" 

M 

^? 

fSii 

a 

cj 

..^ 

^fl 

P 

eg 

t-- 

i 

Is 

S6S 

S5 

o 
'd 

:h^ 

•-S 

cS 

W-d 

1! 

" 

•S 

Ch 

o  See 

1 

^i'2 

13 

ames 
ofCa 
Esq., 
1690. 

s 

>-:> 

XJ 

H 

^ 

1^ 

li 

•si 

^-=1 

s  Ki: 

■ss 

«'^^ 

w^- 

>^ 

Hi 

•l-l:: 

J3 

t;«s 

^•^ 

H.  LoFTtrS  TOTIENHAM. 


Eton  College  (3"*  S.  xi.  376.)  —  I  remember 
during  the  period  your  correspondent  states,  the 
plays  acted  at  a  house  in  High  Street,  Eton,  prin- 
cipally, if  not  entirely,  by  the  collegers,  among 
whom  Dr.  Badham,  who  has  recently  become  a 


professor  in  Sidney  University,  was  a  prominent 
personage ;  and  it  is  possible,  though  I  know  not 
the  fact,  he  may  have  written  some  of  the  occa- 
sional pieces.  Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

Cromwell  Family  (S"'  S.  xi.  325.)— Let  your 
correspondent,  William  Wickham,  satisfactorily 
establish  the  link  between  Bridget  Cromwell  and 
the  wife  of  Captain  Fennel, — that  is  to  say,  let 
him  prove  that  Frances  the  wife  of  Captain  Fennel 
was  not  the  issue  of  Fleetwood's  first  marriage 
with  Frances  Smyth,  —  and  many  other  persons 
besides  the  Markhams  will  be  obliged  to  him.  It 
is  just  here  that  the  hitch  occurs.  All  the  rest  is 
plain  sailing.  Mark  Noble,  it  is  true,  mentions 
only  one  daughter  of  Fleetwood's  first  marriage 
(viz.,  Elizabeth) ;  and  it  is  somewhat  remarkable, 
too,  that  the  descendants  of  that  daughter,  the 
baronets  Hartopp,  long  entertained  the  belief  that 
they  in  like  manner  were  descended  from  the 
Protector  by  Fleetwood's  second  marriage  vnth 
Bridget  Cromwell.  Mr.  Noble,  however,  disputes 
this,  apparently  on  good  grounds :  first,  because 
Miss  Fleetwood,  if  the  daughter  of  Bridget,  could 
not  have  been  more  than  thirteen  at  the  time  of 
her  marriage  with  Sir  John  Hartopp;  and,  se- 
condly, because  the  pedigree  drawn  up  by  the 
Miss  Cromwells  of  Hackney  took  no  notice  of 
the  issue  of  Fleetwood's  second  marriage.  With- 
out therefore  absolutely  contesting  this  point  in 
the  Markham  pedigree,  I  shall,  on  the  contrary, 
be  happy  to  know  that  William  Wickham  is 
able  to  verify  it.  James  Waylen. 

Thomson's  "Liberty"  (S"^  S.  xi.  257,  343.)— 
In  the  edition  of  A.  Millar,  1757,  Thomson  states 
in  the  Preface  to  the  Reader :  — 

"  The  Author  was  sensible  of  its  being  too  long.  It 
has  been  therefore  considerably  shortened,  b)'  reducing 
the  five  parts  into  three ;  the  rather,  because  the  matter 
of  several  verses  now  struck  out  here  occurs  in  his  other 
writings  ;  and  some,  upon  a  revisal,  appeared  not  to  be 
pertinent  or  proper  to  the  subject." 

We  have,  therefore,  in  this  edition  the  author's 
matured  thoughts  upon  the  revision  of  his  poem. 
The  lines  in  question  occur  in  the  third  part  (lines 
968-9),  and  are  as  follows:  — 

"  Lo  !  swarming  o'er  the  new  discovered  world, 
Gay  colonies  extend." 

The  obscurity  complained  of  by  your  corre- 
spondents vanishes  at  once,  and  the  poet's  expres- 
sion becomes  natural. 

As  I  have  no  other  early  edition  with  which  to 
compare  the  above,  I  am  not  in  a  position  to  state 
in  what  others  the  alteration  occurs.  Lowndes 
gives  the  edition  in  quarto,  1762,  in  2  vols.: 
"  With  his  last  Corrections  and  Improvements.  .  . 
In  this  edition  the  dedications  and  prefaces  are 
omitted."  In  the  revised  edition  of  Libei-ty  men- 
tioned above,  the  first  part  is  entitled  '*  Ancient 
and  Modern  Italy  compared,"  containing  485  lines. 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Jdne  8,  '67. 


The    second   part,  entitled    ''Greece,"     contains 

443  lines.     The  third  part,  "Britain,"  contains 

985  lines.  James  Bladon. 

"  Lo  !  swarming  southward,  on  rejoicing  suns, 

Gay  colonies  extend." 

The  obscurity  in  this  passage  arises  from  the 
bad  pointing  of  the  printer,  and  putting  "  suns  " 
for  sons.  On  is  not  a  preposition,  but  an  adverb 
connected  with  sioarming.  The  lines  should  stand 
thus :  — 

"  Lo !  swarming  southward  on,  rejoicing  sons 
Gay  colonies  extend." 

A  few  lines  before,  Thomson  had  said  — 
"  Despairing  Gaul  her  boiling  youth  restrains,"— 
and  then  in  contrast,  speaking  of  Britain,  says 
that  her  rejoicing  sons,  swarming  on  southward, 
extend  her  gay  colonies.     The  sense  is  thus  suffi- 
ciently obvious. 

The  error  in  the  pointing  is  found  in  all  the 
editions  of  Thomson  which  I  have  seen.      E.  V. 

Cambridge. 

I  would  propose  to  read :  — 

"  Lo !  swarming  southward,  our  rejoicing  sons 
Gay  colonies  extend." 

C.  E.  D. 

"But  with  the  Moenin^g,"  etc.  (3"^  S.  xi. 
354.) — The  line  inquired  after, 

"  But  with  the  morning  cool  reflection  came," 
is  from  Rowe's  Fair  Penitent.  D. 

Chief  Justice  Scroggs  (3^''  S.  xi.  378.) — It  is 
not  true  "  that  the  name  of  Scroggs  has  been  un- 
known for  the  last  184  years,"  as  the  following 
notes  from  my  collections  will  prove :  — 

Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Seymour,  Bart,  of 
Maiden-Bradley,  co.  Wilts,  who  died  Dec.  29,  1741,  mar- 
ried "  to  William  Scroggs  of  Chute  Lodge  in  the  same 
county." — Collins's  Peerage,  1779,  i.  179. 

The  Sessions,  Old  Bailey,  Jan.  19,  1732,  sentenced  to 
death  "  George  Scroggs  for  robbing  Mr.  Bellinger,  minis- 
ter of  Tottenham,  on  Sunday,  Feb.  14  last,  as  going  to 
preach,  of  about  the  value  of  14». "—Genf.  Mag.  i.  584. 

"One   Scroggs    was    master  of  the  sloop   sent   from 

Churchill  in  1722  to  enquire  after  Barlow "—Ibid. 

xiv.  82. 

Jan.  19, 1755.  Died  "Hon.  Mrs.  Scroggs,  sister  to  his 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Somerset."— Ibid.  xxv.  92. 

1766.  Mr.  Scroggs  to  the  vicarage  of  Alne  in  York- 
shire.— Ibid,  xxxvi.  48. 

March  16,  1767.  "Mr.  Scroggs,  Provost  Marshall  to 
his  Majestj'."     [ Died.]— Ibid,  xxxvii.  192. 

1793.  "  In  an  advanced  age,  Eev.  James  Scroggs, 
Vicar  of  Alne,  co.  York."  [Died.]— Ibid.  Ixiii.  pt.  i.  481. 

1801.  "  Sydney  Scroggs  of  the  4"»  foot "  to  be  a  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel.— Ibid.  Ixxi.  pt.  I.  178. 

The  name  of  the  Eev.  Svdney  ]M.  Scroggs  occurs 
in  the  Clergy  List  for  1864. 

Edwaed  Peacock. 
Bottesford  Manor,  near  Brigg. 

In  Burke's  Commoners,  1835,  ii.  200,  I  find 
under  the  name  of  Alex.  Popham  of  Littlecolt, 


who  was  M.P.  in  1654  and  1656,  that  his  son 
George  married  Anna,  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Scroggs.  I  conclude  this  was  the  Chief  Justice, 
and  that  he  did  not  die  an  old  bachelor.  I  find 
also  in  the  index  to  the  same  volume  a  reference 
to  the  name  Elizabeth  Scroggs  as  at  p.  651 ;  but 
the  reference  seems  incorrect,  and  I  have  not  been 
able  to  find  the  name  in  the  book.  As  to  the 
continuance  of  the  name  of  Scroggs,  a  valued 
friend  of  mine  married,  perhaps  forty  years  ago, 
a  Col.  Sydney  Scroggs,  whom  at  the  time  I  un- 
derstood to  be  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  judge; 
and  there  are  issue  of  that  marriage  now  living 
one  son,  if  not  two,  and  three  daughters.  One  of 
the  sons  is  in  holy  orders,  was  curate  to  the 
celebrated  John  Keble,  and  is  now  resident  in 
Devonshire.  (See  Clergy  List.)  The  other  is  or 
was  a  captain  in  the  army.  One  daughter  mar- 
ried the  Rev.  George  Dance,  son  of  the  late  Sir 
Charles  Dance,  and  is  now  his  widow;  and  two 
others,  unmarried,  are  living  in  Devonshire. 

W.P.  P. 
This  individual  was  a  native  of  Deddington, 
Oxon,  at  which  place  I  was  on  a  visit  last  autumn, 
when  a  Mr.  Scroggs,  who  resided  there,  was 
pointed  out  to  me  as  a  descendant  of  Chief- Justice 
Scroggs.  W.  H.  W.  T. 

Lord  Campbell  is  clearly  incorrect  in  his  asser- 
tions that  this  notorious  Chief  Justice  left  no 
descendants,  and  that  since  his  death  there  have 
been  no  Scroggses  in  Great  Britain.  He  was 
married  to  a  daughter  of  Matthew  Black,  Esq., 
and  left  a  son,  who  was  knighted  and  made  a 
King's  Counsel  on  his  father's  retirement  from  the 
Bench ;  besides  two  daughters  (see  Foss's  Judges 
of  England,  vol.  vii.  p.  171)  ;  and  I  myself  enter- 
tained an  officer  of  that  name  at  my  table  within 
the  last  dozen  years.  D.  S. 

"  Jesu  dulcis  memoeia"  (S"""*  S.  xi.  271,  426.) 
The  article  in  The  Literary  Worhnan  began 
thus : — 

"  The  hymn  in  77*6  Garden  of  the  Soul  ....  is  not 
now  read  as  it  was  first  written  by  its  composer.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  the  great  poet — great  as  a  poet,  but 
greater  as  a  convert  to  the  Catholic  Church — John  Dry- 
den." 

The  "  Writer  of  the  Article  "  appeared  to  me  to 
suppose  that  our  present  translation  was  the  one 
he  alluded  to,  only  changed,  and  read  somewhat 
difterently.  But  any  one  may  see  that  it  was 
never  fashioned  from  that,  but  from  a  translation 
quite  different,  and  even  in  a  different  metre.  The 
"  Writer  "  not  only  attributes  thereby  our  present 
version  to  Dryden,  but  calls  him  "  writer  "  and 
^'  composer,"  as  if  he  had  been  the  original  author 
of  the  hymn,  which  is  well  known  to  have  been 
written  in  Latin  by  St.  Bernard.  In  my  surprise 
at  finding  a  translator  called  a  "composer,"  which 
is  surely  most  unusual,  I  own  I  overlooked  the 


S'd  S.  XI.  Juke  8,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


fact  that  the  "  Writer  "  headed  his  English  hymn 
with  the  first  words  of  the  Latin :  ''  Jesu  dulcis 
memoria."  For  that  I  can  ofier  only  the  apology 
of  inadvertency. 

But  the  truth  is,  that  the  old  translation  given 
by  the  "  Writer,"  and  the  one  now  found,  though 
changed,  in  The  Garden  of  the  Soul,  are  by  two 
diflFerent  translators.  Not  to  intrude  too  much 
upon  the  columns  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  I  will  confine 
myself  to  a  single  verse  from  each.  First,  from 
the  old  Primer  of  1673^  as  (juoted  in  The  Literary 
Workman :  — 

"  No  eloquence  of  tongue  can  teach, 
No  art  of  pen  this  secret  reach, 
Only  th'  experienc't  soul  does  prove 
What  sweets  they  taste  who  Jesus  love." 

Next,  compare  the  corresponding  verse  by  Pope — 
"  No  eloquence  nor  art  can  reach 
The  joys  of  those  above  ; 
The  blest  can  only  know,  not  teach 
What  they  in  Jesus  prove." 

The  "  Writer "  calls  the  version  he  gives 
"solemn  and  majestic  lines";  but  in  my  judg- 
ment they  are  very  poor  poetry  indeed,  quite  un- 
worthy of  Dryden,  and  not  to  be  compared  to  the 
translation  by  Pope.  Though  I  am  unable  to 
"suggest  any  other  name  to  supplant  Dryden's," 
it  by  no  means  follows  that  the  translation  was 
his.  The  old  primers  and  manuals  contain  ver- 
sions of  hymns  in  such  variety,  that  we  may  well 
conclude  that  there  were  many  translators  em- 
ployed, some  of  whom  had  evidently  more  piety 
in  their  souls  than  poetry.  -r-,  ^  tt 


F.  C.  H.' 


(S'l  S.  xi.  360.)— I  think  "  whistle  " 
is  a  mistake  for  whittle  or  whittal,  or  wittel,  or 
wittol — for  the  word  is  spelt  all  these  ways — a 
butcher's  knife.  Proverbs  are  often  corrupted. 
The  following  are  instances  : — "  As  deep  as  Gar- 
rick."  This  ought  to  be  as  Carrick,  and  the  allu- 
sion is  to  the  depth  of  Carrick  or  Carrie  Sound  in 
N.  B.  We  also  hear  "  Hurry  no  man's  goods ; 
you  may  have  a  horse  of  your  own."  It  should 
be  harrie,  i.  e.  steal.  I  should  like  to  know  the 
meaning  of  "In  the  twinkling  of  a  bed-post." 
(  Vide  Lord  Duberley,  in  The  Heir-at-Laio.)  The 
saying  is,  however,  not  the  invention  of  George 
Colman  the  younger.  It  existed  long  before  his 
time.  A  late  facetious  auctioneer  of  Durham,  the 
worthy  and  respected  Mr.  Jonathan  Young,  had 
the  proverb  always  in  his  mouth.  Mr.  Young, 
speaking  from  his  pulpit,  would  say,  "  Now,  now  ! 
going  in  the  twinkling  of  a  bed-post  !"  Can  M, 
A.  Lower  enlighten  me  ?  I  suspect  some  corrup- 
tion.* S.  J. 
Theophiltjs  St.  John,  LL.B.  (S"--*  S.  xi.  397.) 
Mr,  Ralph  Thomas's  "nut"  was  cracked  many 
years  ago.  Theophilus  St.  John,  LL.B.  was  the 
nom  deplume  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Clapham,  M.A., 

[*  See"N.  &Q."2"iS.  vi.  347.] 


Vicar  of  Christ  Church,  Hampshire ;  of  Great 
Ouseburn,  Yorkshire ;  and  Rector  of  Gussage  St. 
Michael,  Dorsetshire.  He  died  at  Sidmouth, 
June  1,  1830,  and  a  memoir  of  him  will  be  found 
in  the  supplement  to  the  Gentlemaji's  Magazine 
for  June,  1830,  p.  646.  S.  Halkett. 

Advocates'  Library. 

Scotch  Colony  of  Darien  (S'"*  S.  xi.  398.)— 
X.  will  probably  find  some  information  on  the 
subject  of  his  inquiries  in  the  following  works  :  — 

"The  History  of  Caledonia;  or,  the  Scots  Colony  of 
Darien,  in  the"  West  Indies  ....  by  a  Gentleman  lately 
arrived.     Lond.  1699." 

"The  History  of  Darien,  by  Rev.  Francis  Borland, 
sometime  Minister  of  the  Gospel  at  Glassford,  and  one  of 
the  ministers  who  went  with  the  last  colony  to  Darien. 
2nd  edit.  Glasgow,  1779." 

"  A  Defence  of  the  Scots  Settlement  of  Darien,  with 
an  Answer  to  the  Spanish  Memorial  against  it.  Edinb. 
1699." 

"  The  Defence  of  the  Scots  Settlement  at  Darien 
answered.     Lond.  1699." 

"  Information  concernant  I'AfFaire  de  Darien.  Lond. 
1713." 

K.  P.  D,  E. 

Shelley's  "  Sensitive  Plant  "  (3"*  S.  xi. 
397.) — The  word  delight,  in  the  passage  quoted, 
serves  to  express  what  I  take  to  have  been  the 
meaning  of  the  poet,  namely,  that  during  the 
lovely  summer  night,  such  as  he  describes,  the 
feeling  of  joy  was  more  intense,  though  less  gay 
and  perceptible,  than  it  had  been  by  day. 

J.  W.W. 

St.  Matthew  (S'"*  S.  xi.  399.) — The  expression 
"Mattha  am  letzten,"  about  which  Mr.  C.  T. 
Ramage  inquires,  may  be  frequently  heard  in  the 
southern  parts  of  Germany,  and  is  applied  to  any- 
thing coming  to  a  close  or  an  end.  I  very  much 
doubt  that  it  alludes  in  any  way  to  the  last  chapter 
of  St.  Matthew,  or  that  Luther  was  the  first  who 
used  it. 

If  any  of  your  correspondents  could  speak  posi- 
tively on  these  points,  and  trace  the  expression 
back  to  its  origin,  he  would  make  himself  be- 
holden to  many  readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  by  en- 
lightening them  on  the  subject.  Hermit. 

Medieval  Seal  (3^^  S.  xi.  398.)  — The  seal 
and  mediaeval  distich  inquired  after  by  J.  G.  N. 
is  in  my  possession.  There  is  a  notice  of  it  in 
the  Archceologia  yEliana,  vol.  vi.  p.  106. 

It  is  the  reverse  of  the  seal  of  Dunfermline 
Abbey.  The  obverse  is  among  the  collection  of 
matrices  in  the  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford. 

I  obtained  this  seal  from  the  late  Mr.  John  Bell, 
a  well-known  local  antiquary.  He  informed  _me 
that,  some  years  before,  he  passed  a  man  wheeling 
a  barrow-load  of  earth  in  Gateshead,  and  ob- 
serving a  round  piece  of  metal  on  the  soil,  he  took 
it  up,  and  found  it  to  be  this  mediceval  matrix. 
Mr,  Bell  did  not,  however,  know  to  what  district 
it  belonged.     The  seal  is  of  bronze  or  brass,  three 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XL  JcNE  8,  '67. 


inclies  in  diameter,  and  very  sharply  cut.  From 
the  lettering  and  style  I  should  judge  it  to  be  of 
about  the  year  1300.  The  inscription  is  not  quite 
correctly  given  in  the  Arch(Bolog.  JElinna.     It  is — 

"  ^  Mortis  vel  Vite  Brevia  i^  Vox 
Ite.  Venite. 
Dicetur  reprobis  Ite. 
Venite  Probis." 

How  this  seal  found  its  way  to  Newcastle-on- 
Tyne  we  know  not ;  we  can  only  give  Mr.  Bell's 
account  of  its  discovery, 

Edward  Charlton,  M.D. 

7,  Eldon  Square,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

MtrLTRoosHiLL  (3'^  S.  X.  494 ;  xi.  123,  303.)— 
With  regard  to  the  exception  taken  by  J.  to  the 
term  "  Multursheaf  "  being  cited  as  the  name  of  a 
localitj^,  I  have  only  to  state  that  the  word  was 
given  as  found  in  the  Index  Locoru77i  appended  to 
the  third  volume  of  the  Retours. 

It  was  while  endeavouring,  if  possible,  to  identify 
the  original  locality,  that  the  instances  mentioned 
in  illustration  of  the  suggested  etymology  were 
selected. 

This  object  being,  however,  entirely  a  subordi- 
nate one,  it  did  not  occur  to  me  to  collate  them 
with  the  original.  I  certainly  admit  the  error, 
but  do  so  primarily  on  the  part  of  those  who  com- 
piled the  Index. 

It  is  matter  of  regret  that  so  much  should  be 
said  on  a  merely  subsidiary  question,  while  the 
main  purport  of  the  original  query  yet  remains 
unanswered.  W.  B.  A.  G. 

Quotation  Wanted  (3'^  S.  xi.  854.)  — The 
quotation  is  from  a  canzonet  by  Lope  de  Vega. 
The  translator  is  the  late  Lord  Holland.  I  give 
the  whole.     It  is  rather  doggrel :  — 

"  Let  no  one  say  that  there  is  need 
Of  time  for'love  to  grow : 
Ah  no !  the  love  that  kills  indeed, 
Despatches  at  a  blow. 
"  Love  all  at  once  should  from  the  earth 
Start  up  full  grown  and  tall : 
If  not  an  Adam  at  his  birth, 
He  is  no  love  at  all." 

S.  Jackson. 
Gambrinus  and  Noah  (3"»  S.  xi.  331.)— Wine 
is  the  beverage  of  the  South;  beer  that  of  the 
North.  Homer's  demigods  quaffed  rosy  wine 
from  golden  cups.  The  heroes  of  Scandinavia 
drank  beer  and  mead  from  gigantic  flagons.  Gam- 
brinus, a  kin^  of  Flanders,  or  of  Gambrivium 
(Hamburgh),  is  said  to  have  invented  beer,  or, 
at  any  rate,  to  have  allowed  the  general  use  of  it. 
This  is  all  we  know  of  this  monarch,  whose  his- 
tory is  involved  in  myths.  But  he  has  been 
celebrated  by  traditional  legends,  and  also  by  the 
songs  of  German  students,  as  the  "inventor  of 
beer."  Vide  Collection  of  Student  Songs,  Lahr, 
1862, 12mo. 


_Noah,  the  pictured  companion  of  Gambrinus,  is 
said  to  be  the  "inventor  of  wine."  Holy  Writ 
clearly  expresses  him  to  have  preserved  the  vine 
plant  at  the  Deluge,  and  afterwards  to  have 
planted  or  formed  vineyards  (vide  Genesis  ix.  20) ; 
also  the  English  "Mason's  Hymn,"  in  Dixon's 
Collection. 

One  word  as  to  the  rhyme  — 

"  Who  loves  not,"  &c. 

There  is  no  doubt  as  to  Martin  Luther  being 
the  author ;  for  the  great  reformer,  besides  being 
a  profound  theologian,  was,  when  at  table,  a  lively 
and  witty  fellow — what  the  French  call  a  bon 
enfant.  The  verse,  of  which  Mr.  Dixon's  render- 
ing is  quite  correct,  may  be  found  in  the  collec- 
tion of  proverbs  at  the  end  of  Luther's  Works ; 
and  in  Tischreden  u.  Colloquia,  edited  by  Fiirste- 
mann  u.  Bindseil,  Berlin,  1848,  8vo,  and  in  other 
works  where  its  authorship  has  never  been  ques- 
tioned. 

Dr.  Nerenz,  Vice-Consul  of  Prussia. 

Cairo,  May  1867. 

Meridian  Rings  (3'-^  S.  xi.  381.)— The  follow- 
ing note,  from  Mr.  Charles  Knight's  Pictorial 
Shakspeare,  on  the  dial  which  Touchstone  drew 
"  from  his  poke,"  may  give  your  correspondent 
E.  W.  some  further  information  on  the  above 
subject:  — 

"  '  There's  no  clock  in  the  forest,'  says  Orlando ;  and  it 
was  not  very  likely  that  the  fool  would  have  a  pocket- 
clock.  What  then  was  the  dial  that  he  took  from  his 
poke  ?  We  have  lately  become  possessed  of  a  rude  in- 
strument kindly  presented  us  by  a  friend,  which,  as  the 
Maid  of  Orleans  found  her  sword,  he  picked  '  out  of  a 
deal  of  old  iron.'  It  is  a  brass  circle  of  about  two  inches 
diameter.  On  the  outer  side  are  engraved  letters,  indi- 
cating the  names  of  the  months  with  graduated  divisions; 
and  on  the  inner  side,  the  hours  of  the  day.  The  brass 
circle  itself  is  to  be  held  in  one  position  by  a  ring  ;  but 
there  is  an  inner  slide,  in  which  there  is  a  small  orifice. 
This  slide  being  moved,  so  that  the  hole  stands  opposite 
the  division  of  the  month  when  the  day  falls  of  which  we 
desire  to  know  the  time,  the  circle  is  held  up  opposite  the 
sun.  The  inner  side  is,  of  course,  then  in  shade  ;  but  the 
sunbeam  shines  through  the  little  orifice,  and  forms  a 
point  of  light  upon  the  hour  marked  on  the  inner  side. 
We  have  tried  this  dial,  and  found  it  give  the  hour  with 
great  exactness." 

Alfred  Ainger. 


fSiiitt\\vinta\x6. 
NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

The  Basilica;  or  Palatial  HaU  of  Justice  and   Sacred 
Temple  ;  its  Nature,   Origin,  and  Purport ;  and  a  De- 
scription and  History  of  the  Basilican  Church  of  Brix- 
worth.     With  Lithographic  Illustrations.     By  the  Rev. 
C.  F.  Watkins,  &c.     (Rivingtons.) 
A  pleasing  little  volume,  written  by  the  author  in  the 
belief  that  the  early  Basilican  type  exhibits  the  best  and 
truest  principles   of  legal  and   ecclesiastical  buildings; 
and  illustrating  the  history  of  the  Basilican  Church  of 
Brixworth,  which  had  its  origin  in  the  latter    part  of 
the  seventh  century,  is  the  only  one  in  the  kingdom, 


3»dS.XI.  June  8, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


471 


and  has  its  •whole  ground-plan  ascertained,  and  the  main 
parts  of  the  building  still  entire. 

The  Worthies  of  Cumberland.  John  Christian  Curwen, 
William  Blamire.  By  Henry  Lonsdale,  M.D.  (Rout- 
ledge.) 

Addressed  especially  to  Cumberland  readers,  these  two 
vigorous  biographies  will  no  doubt  meet  with  very  gene- 
ral acceptance — more  especially  among  those  who  share 
the  strong  political  feelings  of' the  writer.  John  Chris- 
tian Curwen  and  William  Blamire  have  both  left  their 
mark  upon  the  age  in  which  they  lived,  and  well  de- 
served such  a  memorial  of  their  services  and  merits,  as 
Dr.  Lonsdale  has  here  so  zealously  and  ably  executed. 

Adam  Bede.  By  George  Eliot.  Stereotyped  edition. 
(Blackwood.) 

The  Novels  and  Tales  of  George  Eliot.  Illustrated  Edi- 
tion, in  Monthly  Numbers.  Numbers  II.  and  III, 
(Blackwood.) 

The  good  word  which  the  appearance  of  the  first 
Monthly  Number  of  the  works  of  the  deservedly  popular 
author,  George  Eliot,  called  forth  from  us,  is  more  than 
justified  by  the  appearance  of  Adam  Bede  in  its  complete 
form ;  and  we  cannot  doubt  that  the  present  issue  of 
George  Eliot's  works  will  add  largely  to  the  reputation 
of  the  author  and  the  profit  of  all  concerned. 
Transactions  of  the  Laggerville  Literary  Society.    (Printed 

for  Private  Circulation  by  J.  R.  Smith.) 

If  it  be  permitted  to  raise  a  laugh  at  the  expense  of  the 
many  small  literarj'  and  antiquarian  societies  now  scat- 
tered over  the  country,  we  may  recommend  to  the  atten- 
tive perusal  of  those  who  think  such  a  course  allowable, 
this  little  bit  of  quaint  and  good-humoured  banter  on  the 
fussiness  and  nothingness  of  the  Transactions  of  such 
bodies. 

Books  Received. — 
Bibliomania ;  being  Odds  and  Ends.    No.  19.     (Edmon- 

ston  &  Douglas.) 

This  little  tractate,  reprinted  with  additions  from  the 
North  British  Review,  should  be  at  once  secured  by  all 
who  love  old  books  wisely,  and  who  in  such  case  cannot 
love  too  weU. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall,   with   the 
Forty-ninth  Annual  Report.     (Netherton,  Truro.) 
Full  of  interest,  which  is  not  purely  local  interest,  but 

worthy  the  attention  of  all  students  of  old  times. 

The  Herald  and  Genealogist.  Edited  by  John  GouKh 
Nichols.     PartXXII.    (Nichols  &  Son.) 

Miscellanea    Genealogica  et  Heraldica.     Edited  by  J.  I. 
Howard,  LL.D.    (J.  E.  Taylor  &  Co.) 
These  two  useful  companions  to  the  genealogical  and 

heraldic  student  continue  their  instructive  course  with 

undiminished  energy  on  the  part  of  their  respective  most 

able  editors. 

Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England,  from  the  Norman  Con- 
guest.      By    Agnes    Strickland.      Abridged   Edition. 
(Bell  &  Daldy.) 
From  the  popularity  which  Miss  Strickland's  work  has 

already  enjoyed,  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  in  this 

abridged  form  it  Avill  be  largely  used  in  schools  and 

families. 

The  Rev.  A.  B,  Geosart,  editor  of  the  first  collective 
editions  of  the  Works  of  Richard  Sibbes,  D.D.,  in  7  vols. 
8vo,  and  of  Thomas  Brooks,  in  6  vols.  8vo,  is  engaged  iii 
preparing  a  Memoir,  and  the  Complete  Works,  of  Dr. 
Richard  Gilpin,  Author  of  "  Daemonologia  Sacra,"  or 


A  Treatise  of  Satan's  Temptations.  The  estimated  price 
is  15s.  6d.  per  volume,  and  the  impression  will  be  limited 
to  100  copies. 

fiatitti  ta  €axvtivm\^mU. 


Naotilos  should  consult  The  Public  School  Calendar  published  by 
Messrs.  Rivington. 

Idol  SBErHERD,  Our  Correspondent  is  referred  to  "  N.  &  Q."  3rd  S. 
ix.  491. 


Georoe  Prideadx.    Consult  Brook's  Lives  of  the  Puritans,  3  volg. 
1813,  and  Calamy  and  Palmer's  NonconformiBta'  Memorial,  3  vols. 


'Notes  &  Qderies"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


Just  published,  price  3s.  6d.  cloth  (free  by  post),  uniform  with  Jesse's 
"  Memoirs  of  George  the  Third." 

HANNAH    LIGHTFOOT. 

QUEEN  CHARLOTTE  AND  THE  CHEVALIER 

D'EON. 

DR.  WILMOT'S  POLISH  PRINCESS,  ETC. 

By  WILLIAM  J.  THOMS,  F.S.A. 

"  Mr.  Thorns  furnishes  shrewd  indications,  not  only  that  there  never 
was  any  marriage-  with  Hannah  Lightfoot,  hut  that  there  never  was 
such  a  person  as  Hannah  Lightfoot,  ahas  Wheeler,  alias  Axford,  at 
ail-that  the  entire  story  IS  as  complete  a  fabrication  as  the  Book  of 
M.oiiaon.— Quarterly  Review. 

W.  G.  SMITH,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


W     HARPER'S    CATALOGUE    OF   BOOKS, 
•,.  Theological  and  Miscellaneous,  will  be  forwarded  Post  Free 
on^ppUcation.-32,  Tabernacle  Walk  (near  Finsbury  Squ^e)fLondon, 


Interesting  and  important  Napoleon  Collection  of  the  late  John  CoD- 
hng,  Esq.,  of  Hackney  .-Philosophical  Instruments. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK   &   SIMPSON  will   SELL 
■  J  ,  ^S'  4.V55'J,9H'J^*  *'i6ir  House,  47,  Leicester  Square,  W.C.  (west 

5^iMES??SfioroVt?:e^MK 
comprising  articles  of  furmture  from  Longwuod  and  Malmaison', 
various  relics,  bijouterie,  &c.  ;  an  important  Portrait  of  the  Emperor 
by  Lefevre,  with  the  engraved. plate  of  the  same  by  Cousins  (u£pub- 
bUshed),  and  other  portraits,  miniatures,  and  enamels  of  the  Bonaparte 
ftmily  ;  Autographs,  Books,  Engravings,  Water-colour  Drawings,  and 
wiSi'°ff'A'''f°^?.?-^  beautiful  articles  of  Decorative  Furniture  and 
Works  of  Art ;  Philosophical  Instruments,  Microscopes,  Telescopes. 
Dissolving  View  Apparatus,  &c.  i-c  ,  xc«:Bi,upe8, 

Catalogues  on  application. 


Books  and  Manuscripts,  including  the  Heraldic  Correspondence  of 
Sir  T.  C.  Banks ;  the  Library  of  the  late  R.  Lemon,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON,  Auctioneers 
,,  ,  ?f  Literary  Property,  wUl  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House. 
47,  Leicester  Square,  W.C.  (west  side),  on  MONDAY,  June  17  and 
four  following  days,  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS,  including  the 
Heraldic  Collections  and  Correspondence  of  SIR  T.  C.  BAiN'KS. 
KNl.,  author  of  Dormant  and  Extinct  Baronetage,"  &c. :  also,  the 
Historical  and  Miscellaneous  Library  of  the  late  R.  LEMON,  ESQ., 
°^^*t*  ,?'^'^^F^P«'■  Office,  including -Sir  T.  C.  Banks'  Dormant 
and  Extinct  Baronetage  ;  Baronia  Anglicana,  Baronies  in  Fee  and 
A^}-^  °'  Marmyon,  the  author's  own  copies,  with  manuscript, 
additions ;  Berry  s  Kent,  Sussex,  and  Hampshire  Pedigrees ;  the 
Worsley  Family  Records,  m  manuscript ;  Montrose,  Stirling,  and 
Sutherland  Peerage  Cases ;  Stemmata  Shirleiana ,-  Index  to  Visi- 
tation Books  i  Guilhm's  Heraldry ;  Yorke's  Union  of  Honour  ; 
Vetusta  Monumenta,  6  vols.;  Richardson's  Monastic  Kuins  of  York- 
shire, olive  mor.  extra  ;  Jones'  History  of  Brecknockshire  ;  Grose's 
Antiquities  of  England  and  Wales  j  Hasted's  Kent,  12  vols. ;  Sir  W. 
fecptt  s  Border  Antiquities,  2  vols.  mor.  ;  Dodwell's  Views  in  Greece, 
coloured  like  drawings,  crimson  mor. ;  Calendar  of  State  Papers, 
38  vols.  ;  Lodge  s  Portraits,  13  vols. ;  Dyce's  Shakspeare.  8  vols. ;  (5en- 
tleman  s  Magazine,  174  vols.,  half-calf ;  Bentley's  Miscellany,  40  vols. : 
Works  by  T.  and  J.  Bewick -large  paper  copies  of  the  Birds  and 
yuadrupeds.  Interesting  Autographs,  Letters,  and  Documents,  Early 
t    &  "  (King  Stephen,  King  John,  sc).  Miscellaneous  Pro- 

Catalogues  on  receipt  of  two  stamps. 


472 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  JuxE  8,  '67. 


NEW    W  O  E  K  S  . 


CAMBRIDGE    CHARACTERISTICS   IN    THE 

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AMAETYR  TO  BIBLIOHRAPHY :  a  Notice 
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TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE  LOGGERVILLE 
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S'd  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


473 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  15,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— N"  285. 


NOTES:  — A  General  Literary  Index,  Ac,  473— PUny  on 
the  Ballot  —  iJeatli  of  a  Word :  "  Jarvey  '"  —  J.  M.  Querard 
—  A  precise  Prophocy  —  R«lieious  Mysteries  of  France  — 
First  Tlieatre :  New  South  Wales  —  Briget  Coke,  475. 

QUERIKS:  —  Amazon  Stones  —  Anonymous  —  The  late 
Rev.  R.  H.  Barham  —  Elizabeth  Barrett  drowning,  the 
Poetess  —  "  Suppressed  Poem  of  Lord  Byron  "  —  Clayton  : 
Bayly — Dob-frere  — Etonian  Periodical  —  First  Meeting 
of  George  IV.  and  his  Queen  —  Herb  Pudding—  Bishop 
Kidder  -  George  Lee  — Night  a  Counseller— Passenger 
Lists—"  Philistinism  "—Sanhedrim—"  Sealing  the  Stone  " 
— Sharpening  Razors— Skynner  the  Regicide— Tlie  Society 
for  Constitutional  Information  —  Sonnet  —  "The  Sun's 
Darlin'^  "  — Trocadero  —  Translations,  476. 

QiTEEiES  WITH  ANSWERS :  —  "Essay  for  Catholic  Commu- 
nion"—Cardinal  Wolbcy's  Bell  — Anonymous,  479. 

REPLIES:  — London  Posts  and  Pavements,  480 -"  Honi," 
its  Meaning  and  Etymology,  481  —  Richard  Dean,  the  Re- 
gicide, 432—  Nelson  :  a  Relic  of  Trafalgar,  lb.  —  Battle  of 
Baug6:  the  Carmichaels  of  that  Ilk,  483  —  Hannah  Light- 
foot,  484—  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  —  Monastic  Seal  —  Paston 
Letters:  Chardeqweyns  — Dunbar's  "Social  Life  in  For- 
mer Days  "  —  The  Palseologi  —  "  Ut  Potiar  Patior  "  — 
Charles  II.  —  Colonial  Titles  :  "  Honorary,"  "  Esquire  "  — 
Samuel  Lee  v.  Christopher  Kelly,  Freemason,  in  re  "  The 
Temple  of  Solomou" — "  Collins"  —  Pair  of  Beads  — 
"  When  Adam  delved,"  &c.  —  Mottoes  of  Saints  —  Britain's 
Burse— "  Caledonian  Hunt's  Delight "  — Calligraphy — 
Names  wanted  —  De  Quincey  —  Levesell  —  Chess  — A 
Bold  Preacher  —  Topographical  Queries  —  Grapes  —  "  The 
Lass  of  Richmond  Hill,"  &c.  485. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


A  GENERAL  LITERARY  INDEX :  INDEX  OF 
AUTHORS.    ALDHELM  (3rd  s.  xi.  249).* 

Aldhelmi  Opera,  ed.  J.  A.  Giles,  8vo,  1841. 
Reprinted  in  Migne,  Patrohc/icB  Cursus  Compktus, 
89. — "  Vita  Saacti  Adhelmi,  Scireburnensis  Epis- 
copi,  seu  Liber  quintus  Malmesburiensis  de  Pon- 
tificibiis  Anglorum,"  ed.  Wharton,  Anr/lia  Sacra, 
ii.  1-49  [Gale,  337-381] ;  Acta  Sand.  '(May  25), 
vi.  77;  Alabill.  Acta  Sand.  \\.  par.  i.  683,  ed. 
Venet. ;  iv.  par.  i.  726,  ed.  Paris.— "  Alia  Vita, 
auctore  Faricio,  mouacho  Malmesburiensi."  Ada 
Sand.  (May  25),  vi.  84,  ed.  Giles,  1854,  for  the 
Caxton  Society  [Oxon.  1844,  p.  354] ;  Migne's 
PatrolocjicB  Cursus  Completus,  89,  65.— De  S.  Ald- 
helmo  Episcopo  et  Confessore.  Capgrave's  Nova 
Legenda,  f.  10,  ed.  Giles,  1854,  for  the  Caxton 
Society  [Oxon.  1844,  p.  383].  "  Vita  S.  Althelmi, 
Episcopi  Schireburnensis."  Surius,  May  25,  ii.  305. 
Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Materials  relating  to  the 
History  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  vol.  i. 
part  ii.,  by  Thomas  Duffus  Hardy.) 

His  works,  as  is  above  stated,  have  recently 
been  edited,  with  several  pieces  hitherto  unpub- 
lished, by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Giles,  in  his  Patres  Ecclesi<e 
Anglicanes,  Oxon.  1844. 

1.  De  laudibus  I'irginitatis,  sive  de  Virginitate 


*  Continued  from  p.  212. 


Sanctorum.     This  was  first  edited  hy  Jac.  Faber, 
4to,  Davent,  1512. 

2.  Epistola  ad  Geruntium.  Geraint  was  King 
of  Cornwall.  In  this  long  epistle,  which  is  in 
complete  rhyme,  he  describes  a  journey  through 
Devonshire  and  Cornwall.  Sir  Alexander  Croke 
gives  a  specimen  of  it  in  his  Essay  on  the  History 
of  Rhyming  Latin  Verse.  See  also  Sharon  Tur- 
ner's "Inquiry  respecting  the  Early  Use  of 
Rhyme,"  in  the  fourteenth  volume  of  the  Archeso- 
logia :  — 

"  Above  all  others,  the  British  priests  that  dwelt  in 
west  Wales  abhorred  the  communion  of  these  new  dog- 
matists above  all  measure,  as  Aldhelm,  Abbot  of  Malmes- 
burj'  declareth  at  large  in  his  epistle  sent  to  Geruntius, 
King  of  Cornwall;  where,  among  other  particulars,  he 
sheweth  that,  if  any  of  the  Catholics  (for  so  he  calleth 
those  of  his  own  side)  did  go  to  dwell  among  them,  'they 
would  not  vouchsafe  to  admit  them  unto  their  company 
and  society;  before  they  first  put  them  to  forty  days' 
penance." — Ussher,  Of  the  Religion  professed  by  the  An- 
cient Irish,  Works,  iv.  352. 

The  purport  of  this  epistle  is  the  celebration  of 
Easter,  against  what  Rome  called  the  heresy  of 
the  Britons,  see  Wright,  Biogr.  Liter,  p.  217. 

4.  Epistola  ad  Eahfridum  ex  Hibernia  in  Pa- 
triam  reverstim.  It  begins  with  "  Primitus  (pan- 
torum  procerum  prjetorumque,"  &c.);  on  the 
second  word  Ussher  has  this  note  {Works,  iv. 
448):  — 

"  XlavTwv,  i.  e.  cunctorum  ;  ubi  prneter  putidam  Grae- 
cismi  aflfectationem  (qu£e  in  hac  epistola  crebra  est) 
observa  quinaecim  voces  a  litera  P  incipientes ;  ac  si  a 
pugna  porcorum  Porcii  poetse  exemplum  auctor  trans- 
tulisset." 

"  In  the  same  letter,"  observes  Turner,  "  we  have  after- 
wards '  torrenda  tetrse  tortionis  in  tartara  trusit.'  The 
whole  epistle  exhibits  a  series  of  bombastic  amplification." 

5.  Epistola  ad  Heddam  episcoptwi.  In  this  let- 
ter he  expresses  his  love  of  study,  and  mentions 
the  objects  to  which  his  attention  was  directed. 
These  were  the  Roman  jurisprudence,  the  metres 
of  Latin  poetry,  arithmetic,  astronomy,  and  its 
superstitious  child — astrology.  Henry  has  given 
almost  the  whole  of  it  in  his  History  of  Great 
Britain,  vol.  ii.  320-322,  8vo,  ed.  iv.  14. 

The  two  following,  6  and  7,  are  Epistles  ad- 
dressed to  Aldhelm. 

5  [sic].  Epistola  ad  Sorm-em  Anonymam.  Con- 
taining hymns,  syllabled  with  alliteration  and 
rhyme.  For  the  origin  of  alliteration,  see  Conr- 
beare's  ^  llustrations  of  Anglo-Saxon  Poetry:  — 

"  In  four  poems  he  forsakes  hexameter  for  short- 
rhymed  allitenitive  lines,  partl}^  upon  the  Teutonic  model. 
These  are  inscribed,  'From  an  unknown  brother  to  an 
unknown  sister.'  One  describes  a  storm  and  its  passing, 
while  all  show  an  enjoyment  of  nature,  and  a  strain  to 
bring  the  sense  and  the  alliteration  into  proper  har- 
mony."— Morley. 

9.  Poema  de  Avis  Beatce  Maricp  et  duodecim 
Aijostolis  dedicatum.    See  Pref.  by  Giles,  p.  viii. 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jdne  15,  '67 


10.  Versm  in  honorem  Apostolorum,  dum  Auctor 
Ecdesiam  eorum  Homes  intraret. 

11.  Fragmentum,  ut  videtur,  de  Die  Judicii. 

12.  De  Laudibtis  Virginum. 

13.  De  odo  PrincijJalihis  Vitiis :  — 

"  Hsec  duo  poemata  in  Bibliotheca  Patrum  valde  cor- 
rnpta  sunt ;  nee  nunc  quidem  omnino  mendis  carent." 

14.  Epistola  ad  Adrcium,  sive  Liber  de  Septe- 
nario,  et  de  Metris,  yEnigmatibus,  ac  Pedum 
Regulis :  — 

"  Hie  est  Aldhelmi  traetatus,  de  quo  tot  critici  multa 
scripserunt.  Exstabant  olim  ^nigmata  edita  a  Delrio 
[12mo,  Moguntse,  1601]  postea  in  Bibliotheea  Patrum 
recusa.  Sed  ^uigmata  pars  tantum  est  totius  operis. 
Alteram  partem  edidit  Maius  in  Classic.  Auet.  Tomo  v. 
Nunc  tandem  hoc  opus  integrum  vulgatur." —  Giles, 

Both  the  jEnigmata  and  the  Monosticha  have 
been  attributed  to  other  authors,  by  some  to  St. 
Columban,  by  others  to  Alchuin;  see  Fabricii 
£ibl.  Latina,  ii.  685.  He  begins  this  book  by 
citing  the  numerous  examples  of  the  Scriptural 
use  of  the  number  Seven,  and  the  honour  done  to 
it  by  the  institution  of  the  Seven  Sacraments,  the 
Seven  Encyclical  Arts,  &c.  (c/.  "Sabbaths,  an 
Inquiry  into  the  Origin  of  Septenary  Institutions," 
&c.,  in  the  Westminster  Review,  vol.  liv.)  ;  adding 
to  this,  a  small  treatise  on  Latin  Prosody,  which 
passes  into  the  form  of  a  dialogue  between  pupil 
and  teacher,  and  then  presenting  to  the  pupil  in 
Latin  hexameter  a  collection  of  enigmas,  which 

he  is  asked  to  solve  and  scan After  the 

enigmas,  the  dialogue  is  resumed ;  and  in  reply  to 
the  questions  of  Discipulus,  Magister  tells  of  the 
rules  governing  the  feet  of  Latin  metres,  &c. 
(See  Morley's  English  Writers :  the  Writers  before 
Chaucer,  1864,  p.  344  sq.) 

PART  II.   AN   INDEX   OF   COLLECTIONS. 

"  De  Laude  Virginum  carmen  heroicum,"  v. 
Canisius,  i.  714-54;  Bibl  Pair.,  1618,  viii.  3-19; 
Bibl.  Maxiiua,  xiii.  3-19.  His  commendation  of 
Virginity  was  first  written  in  prose.  .  .  .  He 
afterwards  amplified  it,  as  he  had  promised,  to- 
wards the  close  of  the  prose  treatise.  In  reference 
to  the  "quadratum  carmen,"  with  which  this 
poem  commences,  as  so  much  has  already  ap- 
peared in  "N.  &  Q."  on  artificial  verses  (1''  S.  vi. 
and  vii.,  and  3''<'  S.  xi.  249),  I  shall  only  observe 
that  there  is  a  long  note  on  the  subject  in  the 
learned  notes  of  Raderus  on  Martial,  p.  234  sq., 
and  that  the  passage  in  Diomedes  there  referred 
to,  will  be  found  in  f.  98. 

"  Adhelm  is  also  remarkable  for  having  given  us  a 
direct  testimony  of  the  use  of  rime  in  England  before 
the  year  700." — Turner's  Hist,  of  England,  iii.  375. 

"  De  Laudibus  Virginitatis,  liber  prosa  scriptus," 
\.Bibl.,  1618,  viii.  33-52;  Bibl.,  1624,  iii.  275- 
318 ;  Bed«  Opera,  Whartoni,  pp.  283-369 ;  Gryn^i 
Orthodoxogr.,  p.   167.  —  "  De  octo  prineipalibus 


vitiis,"  v.  Bibl.,  1618,  viii.  19-22  ;  Bibl.  Maxima, 
xiii.  19-22,  which  volume  contains  all  these  trea- 
tises.    Canisius,  i.  pp.  755-762. 

"  Vide  quffi  Canisius  in  Praeloquio  ad  hos  libros  scrip- 
sit,  digna  ejus  erudition e." — Possevinus. 

The  eulogies  of  Adhelm  by  Bede,  Trithemius^ 
&c.,  are  here  collected. 

"  Poetica  nonnulla  (monosticha),"  v.  Bibl. 
Pair.,  1618,  viii.  22-26.— "^nigmata,"  ibid.  27- 
33 ;  Bibl.  Maxitna,  xiii.  23-30.  Warton,  in  his 
History  of  English  Poetry  (Price's  ed.  p.  cxxviii.), 
observes  that  his  book,  of  iEnigmata  is  copied 
from  a  work  of  the  same  title  under  the  name 
Symposius.  This  is  a  misinterpretation  of  Wil- 
liam of  Malmesbury,  who  says  Adhelm  was 
"  poeta  Symphosii  eemulus,"  and  expresses  his 
opinion  of  it  as  follows :  — 

"  Ostendit  in  his  vir  veteris  literaturas  ludum  simul  et 
artifieium,  dum  res  incuriosas  comitaretur  facundum  et 
vigens  eloquium." — P.  7. 

The  ^nigmata  of  Symposius  will  be  found  in. 
Caussini  Symbola,  140-150,  and  Pithcei  Epigram- 
mata,  pp.  404-417.    Cf.  Fabr.,  Bibl.  Lot.,  iii.  272.— 

"  No  class  of  popular  literature  was  so  general  a 
favourite  among  the  Anglo-Saxons  as  enigmas  and 
riddles,  and  they  form  an  important  part  of  the  literary 
remains  of  our  forefathers.  Collections  of  Anglo-Latin 
enigmata,  such  as  those  of  Aldhelm,  were  composed  at  a 
very  early  period." — Wright,  p.  76. 

"In  the  school  of  Adrian  at  Canterbury,  all  the  varie- 
ties of  classic  metre  were  studied  ;  and  the  man  who  had 
mastered  the  '  centena  genera  metrorum,'  was  naturally 
desirous  to  make  the  trial  of  his  proficiency  in  his  new 
acquirement.  Head  Aldhelm's  description  of  his  studies, 
Anglia  Sacra,  ii.  6.  .  .  .  It  should  moreover  be  noticed 
that  most  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  writers  of  Latin  poetry 
appear  to  have  admired  and  imitated  the  laborious 
trifles — the  'stultus  labor  ineptiarum'  —  which,  during 
the  decline  of  literary  taste,  had  so  frequently  exercised 
the  ingenuity  of  the  continental  scholars  Among  these 
the  first  place  was  given  to  riddles  :  a  species  of  composi- 
tion attempted  by  Aldhelm,  Boniface,  and  Alcuin.  The 
chief  model  appears  to  have  been  Enigmata  Symposii  ,- 
but  St.  Aldhelm  aspired  to  the  praise  of  originality ;  and, 
therefore,  while  his  model  confined  each  riddle  within 
the  narrow  space  of  three  lines,  the  Anglo-Saxon  in- 
dulged his  sportive  muse  in  greater  liberty,  and  com- 
posed one  hundred  anigmata,  dividing  them  into  several 
classes,  beginning  with  one  of  four  lines,  and  progres- 
sively adding  to  the  number." — Lingard's  History, Sfc,  of 
the  Anglo-Saxon  Church,  ii.  p.  159. 

His  skill  in  the  manipulation  of  acrostics  ap- 
pears also  in  the  beginning  of  his  Enigmata. 

"  In  the  collection  of  Boniface's  Letters  [Bibl.  Maxima,. 
xiii.  95,  6]  there  is  a  singular  Latin  poem  in  rime,  en- 
titled the  poem  of  Aldhelm,  Cannen  Aldhelmi.  As  the 
rimes  of  this  composition  are  more  remarkable  than  its 
poetry,  I  will  cite  the  first  few  lines,  with  a  prose  trans- 
lation in  the  notes,"  &c.  {Turner"), — 
in  whose  History  the  reader  will  find  copious  ex- 
tracts from  his  two  poems  "  De  Laude  Virginum  " 
and  "De  octo  Prineipalibus  Vitiis,"  iii.  362-76, 
He  also  gives  specimens  of  his  prose  treatise  on 


3^d  s.  XI.  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


475 


virginity,  whicli  are  full  of  violent  metaphors  and 
continued  figures,  like  the  swollen  style  of  modem 
Persia;  cf.  Barthii  Adversaria,  p.  2625.  In  La 
Cerda's  Adversaria  S'ac7-a  (pp.  430-32),  there  is  a 
vindication  of  his  phraseology,  and  the  words 
which  have  been  condemned  as  barbarous  are 
indicated  as  existing  in  ancient  classical  writers. 

"Epistolaj,"  V.  Bonifacii  Epist.,  Giles;  Usserii 
Epistolarum  Sylloge,  1632,  p.  35  (  Works,  vol.iv.); 
Whartoni  Anctariu7n  ad  Usserii  Hist.  Dogm., 
p.  350,  4to,  London,  1690 ;  Anglia  Sacra,  ii.  7 ; 
£ibl.  Maxima,  xiii.  They  are  also  found,  says 
Mr.  Wright,  in  the  new  edition  of  Boniface,  puia- 
lished  in  1789,  and  some  of  them  were  printed 
4to,  HerhorncB  Nassovicoruni,  1696.  Cf.  Bonifacii, 
0pp.,  ed.  Giles,  pref.  They  are  not  inserted  in 
this  edition. 

Of  Aldhelm,  Brucker  observes,  vol.  iii.  576  — 

"  Hujus  ideo  hoc  loco  mentionem  facimus,  quod  Beda 
testatur,  fuisse  virum  undecumque  doctissimum,  et 
sermone  nitidum,  et  scripturarum  tarn  liberalium  qnam 
ecclesiasticarum  eruditione  mirandum.  Quae  ejus  eru- 
ditio  philosophiam  quoqiie  attigit ;  scripsit  enim  De  octo 
Vitiis  principalilius,  librumque  De  NaUira  insensibilinm, 
itemque  De  Arithmetica,  De  Astrologia,  De  Schematibus, 
De  Philosophorum  DiscipUnis," — 

and  refers  to  Pitseus  and  Bale. 

"  Aldhelm  exercised  himself  daily  in  playing  upon  the 
various  musical  instruments  then  in  use,  whether  with 
strings,  pipes,  or  any  other  variety  by  which  melodj' 
could  be  produced."  —  Chappell's  Popular  Music  of  the 
Olden  Time,  p.  759. 

BiBlIOTHECAK.  ChETHAM. 


Pliny  on  the  Ballot. — It  appears  to  be  among 
"things  not  generally  known"  that  the  younger 
Pliny  wrote  on  the  ballot.  In  the  appointment 
of  public  officers,  the  practice  had  been  for  the 
candidates  to  present  themselves  in  person  before 
the  senate,  and  undergo  a  viva  voce  examination, 
calling  witnesses  in  support  of  their  character,  and 
subject  to  the  objections  of  their  competitors :  — 

"  But  corruption  [he  says]  having  abused  this  wise 
institution  of  our  ancestors,  we  were  obliged  to  have  re- 
course to  the  way  of  balloting  as  the  most  probable 
remedj'  for  the  evil.  The  method  being  new,  and  im- 
mediately put  in  practice,  it  answered  the  present  pur- 
pose very  well ;  but  I  am  afraid  in  process  of  time  it  will 
introduce  new  inconveniences,  as  this  manner  of  balloting 
seems  to  afford  a  sort  of  screen  to  injustice  and  partiality. 
For  how  few  are  there  who  preserve  the  same  delicacy  of 
conduct  in  secret  as  when  exposed  to  the  view  of  "the 
world  ?  The  truth  is,  the  generality  of  mankind  revere 
fame  more  than  conscience.  But  this  perhaps  may  be 
pronouncing  too  hastily  on  a  fiture  event." —  Tlie  Letters 
of  Pliny  the  Consul,  by  Willi....!  Melmotli,  Esq.  Tenth 
edition,  1805.    Book  iii..  Letter  xx.,  "  To  Maximus." 

What  followed  from  the  adoption  of  this  ''new 
method "  is  given  in  a  subsequent  letter  to  the 
same,  which  your  readers  will  no  doubt  prefer  to 
see  without  abbreviation :  — 


"  I  mentioned  to  j^ou,  in  a  former  letter,  that  I  appre- 
hended the  method  of  voting  by  ballots  would  be  at- 
tended with  inconveniences ;  and  so  it  has  proved.  At 
the  last  election  of  magistrates,  upon  some  of  the  tablets 
were  written  several  pieces  of  pleasantr}',  and  even  in- 
decencies :  in  one  particularly,  instead  of  the  name  of  the 
candidate,  were  inserted  the  names  of  those  who  espoused 
his  interest.  The  senate  was  extremelj'  exasperated  at 
this  insolence,  and  with  one  voice  threatened  the  ven- 
geance of  the  emperor  upon  the  author ;  but  he  lay  con- 
cealed, and  possibly  might  be  in  the  number  of  those  who 
expressed  the  warmest  indignation.  What  must  one 
think  of  such  a  man's  private  conduct,  who  in  public, 
upon  so  important  an  affair,  and  at  so  solemn  a  time, 
could  indulge  himself  in  such  indecent  liberties,  and 
dare  to  act  the  droll  in  the  face  of  the  senate?  Who  will 
know  it?  is  the  argument  that  prompts  little  and  base 
minds  to  commit  these  indecorums.  Secure  from  being 
discovered  by  others,  and  unawed  by  anj'  self-respect, 
they  lake  their  pencil  and  tablets;  and  hence  arise  these 
buffooneries,  which  are  fit  only  for  the  stage.  What 
method  shall  we  take,  what  remedy  apply  against  this 
abuse  ?  Our  disorders  indeed,  in  general,  have  everj'- 
where  eluded  all  attempts  to  restrain  them.  But  these 
are  evils  much  too  deeply  rooted  for  our  limited  power  to 
eradicate,  and  must  be  left  to  the  care  of  that  superior 
authority,  who,  by  these  low  but  daring  insults,  has  daily 
fresh  occasions  for  exerting  all  his  pains  and  vigilance.' — 
Book  IV.,  Letter  xxv,  "  To  Maximus." 

X. 

Death  of  a  Word  :  "  Jaevet."  —  This  was 
the  time-honoured  title  of  a  hackney-coachman ; 
but  the  drivers  of  cabs  have  not  inherited  this 
dignitj'.  Such  a  person  is  a  "  Cabby."  Who  will 
inherit  from  him  ?  As  a  near  date  for  the  demise 
of  Jarvey,  I  should  take  1840.  R.  K. 

J.  M.  Qtjeraed. — I  am  sure  that  many  of  your 
subscribers  will  be  pleased  to  learn  that  M,  Gus- 
tave  Brunet  (a  Bordeaux  a  la  Bourse)  is  beginning 
to  publish  such  MSS.  as  this  great  French  biblio- 
graph  left  complete.  He  commences  with  that 
extraordinary  work,  Les  Superchei-ies  Litteraires 
Devoilees,  to  which  he  is  going  to  publish  two 
supplementary  volumes,  as  he  announces  in  the 
Intermediare,'iY.  214.  Ralph  Thomas. 

A  PRECISE   Prophecy. — In   1790,  a  French 

writer,  designating  himself  "  N.  T.  Hugon,  ci- 
devant  De  Bassvill"  (the  aristocratic  De  being 
in  those  days  a  somewhat  perilous  prefix),  pub- 
lished Memoires  de  la  Revolution  franeaise,  wherein 
he  transcribed  a  poetical  prophecy  by  Regiomon- 
tanus,  whose  era  he  placed  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  whereas  the  vaticinator  died  Archbishop 
of  Ratisbon  in  1476. 

Whether  the  prophecy  preceded  its  fulfilment 
by  nearly  three  centuries,  or  by  Citizen  Hugon's 
proportion  of  that  time,  it  exhibits  a  close  con- 
temporeity  — 1000  -f  700  -f-  80  -f-  8=1788  —  with 
that  revolution  which  our  fathers  struck  down, 
and  which  ourselves  have  unhappily  permitted  to 
rise  again  for  the  sursum  atque  deorsum  of  the 
archbishop's  elegiacs. 


476 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  Jdne  15,  '67. 


Regiomontanus  seems  to  have  been  remem- 
bered as  a  savant  rather  than  as  a  vaticinator. 
The  Biographie  Utiiverselk,  which  is  beyond  my 
immediate  reach,  perhaps  records  his  predictions. 
Some  learned  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  has,  I 
■would  hope,  chanced  upon  them :  — 

"  Post  mille  expletos  a  partu  Virginis  annos, 

Et  septingentos  rursus  abire  datos, 
Octuagesimus  octavus,  mirabilis  annus, 

Ingruet,  et  secum  tristia  fata  feret. 
Si  non,  hoc  anno,  totus  malus  occidat  annus, 

Si  non  in  nibilum  terra  fretumque  ruat, 
Cuncta  tamen  mundi  sursum  ibunt  atque  deorsum 

Imperia,  et  luctns  undique  grandis  erit." 

E.  L.  S. 
Religiotjs  Mysteries  of  Feakce. — 

"  Dans  les  mysteres  qu'on  faisait  autrefois,  David  et  Salo- 
mon disaient  leur  '  Be'nedieite' '  avant  de  se  mettre  a  table. 
En  vain  la  cour  de  Rennes  avait-elle  par  arret  du  12  juin 
1704  de'fendu  de  jouer  aueune  tragedie  contraire  au  re- 
spect du  a  la  religion,  on  ne  continua  pas  moins  d'en  jouer 
dans  reveche  de  Treguier  (Brittany),  ce  que  prouve  un 
arret  du  parlement  du  12  juillet  1715,  portant  defense 
de  repre'senter  a  Guingamp  une  maniere  de  tragedie  oil 
Ton  faisait  voir  S.  Anne  accouchante.' "  —  See  Notions 
Historiques  des  Cotes  du  Nord.    St.  Brieux,  1834,  ii.  p.  130. 

Geoege  Trageti. 
Dinan,  Brittany. 

First  Theatre  :  Xew  South  Wales.  —  Go- 
vernor Hunter  (after  him  -was  the  Hunter  River 
named)  -was  the  second  governor  of  this  settle- 
ment. He  authorised  the  opening  of  a  theatre  at 
Sydney.  The  principal  actors  were  convicts ;  the 
price  of  admission  was  meal  or  rum  taken  at  the 
door.  Many  had  performed  the  part  of  pick- 
pocket in  a  London  playhouse,  but  at  Sydney  this 
was  more  difficult.  They  were  not  discouraged, 
for  glancing  at  the  benches  they  saw  what  houses 
had  been  left  unprotected  by  their  owners,  and 
proceeded  to  rob  them. 

The  first  play  was  The  Revenge,  and  the  pro- 
logue characteristic  of  both  actors  and  audience : — 

Prohgus* 

"  From  distant  climes,  o'er  wide-spread  seas  we  come, 
Though  not  with  much  eclat  or  beat  of  drum  ; 
True  patriots  we,  for  be  it  understood 
We  left  our  country  for  our  countrj^'s  good. 
No  private  views  disgraced  our  generous  zeal ; 
What  urged  our  travels,  was  our  country's  weal. 

But  you  inquire,  what  could  our  breast  inflame 
With  this  new  passion  for  theatric  fame  ? 
He  who  to  midnight  ladders  is  no  stranger, 
You'll  own  will  make  an  admirable  '  Ranger.' 
To  seek  '  Macheath  '  you  have  not  far  to  roam. 
And  sure  in  '  Filch  '  I  shall  be  quite  at  home. 
As  oft  on  Gadshill  we  have  ta'en  our  stand 
When  'twas  so  dark  you  could  not  see  your  hand, 


[*  This  characteristic  Prologue  consists  of  fourteen 
more  lines,  and  was  composed  by  the  notorious  pick- 
pocket, George  Barrmgton,  and  printed  in  extenso  in  his 
History  of  New  South  Wales,  p.  152,  ed.  1802.  Vide 
"  N.  &  Q!"  2'"1  S.  viii.  294.— Ed.] 


From  durance  vile  our  precious  selves  to  keep, 
We  often  had  recourse  to  th'  flying  leap ; 
To  a  black  face  have  sometimes  ow'd  escape, 
And  Hounslow  Heath  has  prov'd  the  worth  of  crape. 

But  how,  j'ou  ask.  can  we  e'er  hope  to  soar 
Above  these  scenes  and  rise  to  tragic  lore  ? 
Too  oft,  alas  !  we've  forced  the  unwilling  tear, 
And  petrified  the  heart  with  real  fear. 
Macbeth  a  harvest  of  applause  will  reap. 
For  some  of  us,  I  fear,  have  murder'd  sleep ; 
His  lady,  too,  with  grace  will  sleep  and  talk— 
Our  females  have  been  used  at  night  to  walk. 

Sometimes,  indeed,  so  various  is  our  art, 
An  actor  may  improve  and  mend  his  part : 
'  Give  me  a  horse ! '  bawls  Richard,  like  a  drone  ; 
We'll  find  a  man  would  help  himself  to  one. 
Grant  us  your  favour,  put  us  to  the  test, 
To  gain  your  smiles  we'll  do  our  very  best ; 
And  without  dread  of  future  Turnkey  Lockits, 
Thus,  in  an  honest  way,  still  pick  your  pockets." 

Seth  Wait. 

Briget  Coke.  —  It  may  perhaps  be  interesting- 
to  some  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  to  know  that 
in  recently  looking  over  the  registers  of  Heston, 
Middlesex,  I  found  the  following :  — 

"  1596,  Jan.  3.  Brigitta  Coke,  filia  Edwardi  Coke, 
Attornati  Generalis,  baptizata  fuit  in  capella  de  Aus- 
terlie."     [Osterley,  in  Heston  Parish.] 

Under  the  year  1648  there  was  an  entry  amongst 
the  burials  of  "a  souldier  from  Hounslowe,"  which 
testifies  that  even  at  that  time  Hounslow  was  one 
of  the  military  stations  of  the  kingdom. 

Togato. 


Amazon  Stoni;s. — According  to  Humboldt  and 
other  South- American  travellers,  ^^these  prepared 
stones  are  scarcely  distinguishable  from  Per- 
sepolitan  cylinders  or  seals.  They  are  reported 
to  be  longitudinally  perforated  and  loaded  \dth 
inscriptions  and  figures.  Will  any  reader  of 
"N.  &  Q."  who  may  possess  or  have  examined 
one  of  these  curious  relics  kindly  furnish  me  with 
a  brief  description  of  it?  The  British  IMuseum 
is  without  a  specimen.  W.  W.  W. 

A>'ONYJioirs.  —  Who  is  author  of  The  Sacred 
Shepherd,  or  Divine  Arcadiad,  a  sacred  idyl,  1821 
(London  ?),  Sabine,  publisher  ?  This  is  a  para- 
phrase of  part  of  the  Canticles.  R.  I. 

In  1733  appeared  a  very  clever  satirical  pamphlet, 
The  Magick  Glass,  or' Visions  of  the  Times.  I 
should  be  glad  to  learn  who  was  the  author  of 
this  curious  little  brochure.  W.  E.  A.  A. 

Who  is  the  author  of  The  Aristocracy  of  Eng- 
land: a  History  for  the  People.  By  John  Hamp- 
den, Jun.     London,  12mo,  1846  ?  J.  Y. 

The  late  Rev.  R.  H.  Barham.  —  In  an  old 
volume  of  Blackivood  which  I  lately  came  across, 
but  do  not  happen  to  have  by  me  to  refer  to,  there 
appeared  under  the  head  of  "  Family  Poetry  "  a 


3'''»  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


477 


piece  called,  to  the  best  of  my  recollection,  "  Dick 
and  his  long-tailed  Coat."  I  presume  all  the 
^'  Family  Poetry  "  was  by  the  same  author,  and 
"Sir  Rupert  the  Fearless,"  and  others  which  ap- 
peared under  the  same  heading,  every  one  knows 
were  written  by  the  late  R.  H.  Barham.  I  do  not 
remember  to  have  seen  "  Dick  and  his  long-tailed 
Coat  "  in  any  edition  of  the  Infioldshy  Legends. 
Why  is  it  omitted  ?  R.  C.  S.  W. 

Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning,  the  Poetess. 
The  inquirer  would  feel  greatly  obliged  to  any 
reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  who  would  inform  him  in 
what  order  of  descent  the  above  poetess  traced  her 
lineage  from  Francis  Hodges,  Treasurer  of  Jamaica 
temp.  Charles  II.  She  was  related  to  families  in 
Jamaica  named  Hodges,  Blake,  and  I  believe  also 
Moulton  and  Houghton.  Sp. 

"Suppressed  Poem  of  Lord  Btron." — Under 
this  head  I  observe  an  advertisement,  in  some  of 
the  penny  papers,  of  "  Don  Leon."  The  publisher 
lives  in  a  low  locality,  and  I  do  not  suppose  that 
he  is  "  first-rate" ;  but  still  he  may  have  got  hold 
of  such  a  poem  as  is  indicated  by  the  above  head- 
ing. Byron's  "  Waltz  "  was  first  brought  out  by 
the  notorious  Benbow,  who  by  some  means  or 
other  had  got  hold  of  that  "  suppressed  poem." 
Is  "  Don  Leon  "  genuine  ?  I  cannot  form  any 
opinion,  not  having  seen  a  copy.  "  I  pause  for  a 
reply."  S.  Jackson. 

Clayton  :  Bayly.  —  The  Rev.  John  Clayton, 
Dean  of  Kildare,  died  in  1725.  What  was  his 
wife's  name  ?  Their  daughter  and  co-heir,  Eleanor 
Clayton,  married  .John,  son  of  Joseph  Bayly  of 
Gowran,  county  Kilkenny,  Esq.,  who  died  in  1708. 
Who  was  Joseph  Bayly's  wife?  her  Christian 
name  was  Charlotte. 

H.  LoFTUs  Tottenham. 

Lower  Mount  Street,  Dublin. 

DoB-FRERE.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
inform  me  of  the  derivation  and  meaning  of  the 
word  Dob-frere,  now  nearly  obsolete  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood? It  was  formerly  applied  to  a  large 
tract  of  common  land  in  the  vicinity  of  Kendal 
belonging  to  the  rate-payers  of  that  borough. 
The  common  was  enclosed  by  Act  of  Parliament 
about  a  century  ago,  and  has  ever  since  been  called 
"Kendal  Fell  Lands."  H. 

Etonian  Periodical.  —  There  was  published 
in  1820-1821,  at  Eton,  The  Saltbearer.  Can  any 
old  Etonian  inform  me  who  is  author  of  some 
clever  imitations  of  Lucian's  Hialogues  of  the 
Dead,  in  some  of  the  numbers  of  this  periodical  ? 

R.  L 

First  Meeting  of  George  IV,  and  his 
Queen. — Your  readers  will  remember  the  story 
of  this  scene  as  told  by  Lord  Malmesbury,  who 
narrates,  when  the  Prince  approached  and  saluted 
his  future  bride,  that  he  staggered  back  and  said, 


"  Harris,  give  me  a  glass  of  brandy  !  "  Of  course 
some  very  severe  comments  have  been  made  on 
this.  An  old  gentleman,  long  connected  with  the 
Court,  was  talking  over  this  matter  a  short  time 
back,  and  told  this  story,  which  is  to  some  degree 
both  explanation  and  apology.  He  says,  that 
among  those  sent  to  escort  the  Princess  to  Eng- 
land, there  was  a  lady  of  rank,  between  whom 
and  the  Prince  something  more  than  a  strong 
liaison  was  suspected ;  that  this  lady  persuaded 
the  Princess,  when  they  stopped  for  lunch  or 
other  refreshment,  to  partake  of  some  salad  in 
which  she  had  mixed  a  quantity  of  green  onions. 
The  consequence  was,  that  on  approaching  to 
kiss  his  bride,  the  Prince  was  saluted  by  a  breath 
redolent  of  an  odour  which  he  detested  beyond 
measure.  Is  there  any  truth  in  this  tale  ?  What- 
ever may  have  been  the  faults  of  George  the  gen- 
teel, he  never  has  been  accused  of  coarseness  of 
behaviour.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Herb  Pudding. — I  have  very  pleasing  recol- 
lections of  a  herb  pudding,  of  which  I  partook 
some  sixty  years  since,  eaten  with  calf's  head.  It 
was  made  by  a  cook  of  our's,  who  came  from 
Cumberland  or  Westmoreland.  I  have  in  vain 
sought  in  later  years  to  learn  what  were  its  in- 
gredients. Perhaps  some  one  of  the  numberless 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  can  give  me  the  informa- 
tion. 


Bishop  Kidder.  —  In  the  fifth  volume  of  your 
First  Series  (pp.  228-281)  you  were  so  good  as  to 
insert  a  query  as  to  where  a  MS.  autobiographical 
memoir  of  Bishop  Kidder,  quoted  by  the  Rev.  S. 
H.  Cassan  in  the  Lives  of  the  Bishops  of  Bath  and 
Wells,  was  then  to  be  found.  When  Mr.  Cassan 
wrote  (1829)  the  Memoir  of  the  Bishop  was  in  the 
Episcopal  Library  at  Wells,  but  in  1852  when  I 
made  some  inquiries  about  it  at  Wells  it  was  not 
there,  and  I  could  not  succeed  in  tracing  it.  My 
inquiry  in  your  pages  had  no  success,  and  I  would 
now  beg,  by  your  kindness,  to  renew  it.  From 
the  extracts  given  by  Mr.  Cassan  it  is  evident 
that  the  MS.  is  of  considerable  interest,  and  is 
well  worth  tracing  and  perhaps  of  being  published. 
Mr.  Bowles,  who  had  had  access  to  it,  speaks  of 
it  in  the  introduction  to  his  Life  of  Bishop  Ken 
(London,  18.30,)  as  "  a  very  curious  and  valuable 
document."  J.  C 

George  Lee. — Wanted  the  printed  account  re- 
ferred to  in  the  following  passage  in  Plot's  Oxford- 
shire, p.  218,  edit.  1705  :  — 

"  Add  hereunto  the  wonderful  accident  that  happened 
in  the  house  of  Mr.  George  Lee  of  North  Aston,  whereof 
is  a  printed  account,  An.  1592. —  Vide  Mr.  Pit's  Catalogue, 
p.  259." 

This  printed  account  is  not  in  the  Bodleian. 
William  Wing. 

Steeple  Aston,  Oxford. 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Junk  15,  '67. 


Night  a  Cotjnsellek. — To  what  ancient  author 
or  authors  does  Dryden  refer  when  he  writes  — 

"  Well  might  the  ancient  poets  then  confer 
On  Night  the  honoured  name  of  Counseller  "  ? 

C.H. 

Passenger  Lists. — I  have  heard  that  the  State 
Paper  Office  contains  lists  of  early  emigrants  to 
Barbadoes.  Does  it  also  contain  those  of  voyagers 
to  the  American  continent  in  the  seventeenth  and 
eighteenth  centuries  ?  C.  A.  C. 

"Philistinism;." — "What  is  the  history  of  this 
epithet,  as  applied  by  Mr.  Matthew  Arnold  and 
others  to  our  English  vice  of  self-sufficiency?  It 
seems  to  be  equivalent  to  what  Mr.  Charles 
Dickens,  in  Our  3Iutual  Friend,  called  "  Pods- 
nappery."  Job  J.  B.  Wokkaed, 

Sanhedkiji.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  inform 
me  whether  the  resemblance  between  the  words 
"  Sanhedrim  "  and  awl^iov  is  accidental,  or  whe- 
ther any  derivation  of  the  one  from  the  other  can 
be  supposed  .P  Scrutator. 

"Sealing  the  Stone"  (St.  Matt,  xxvii.  66.) — 
In  what  manner  and  with  what  substance  is  there 
reason  to  suppose  this  act  was  done  ?     M.  Y.  L. 

Sharpening  Razors. — It  has  been  stated  that 
the  best  mode  of  sharpening  razors  was  to  dip 
them  in  a  weak  solution  of  some  acid.  Query  : 
What  is  the  acid,  and  what  the  strength  of  the 
solution  ?  r.  E.  D. 

Hawthorn. 

Sktnner  the  Regicide. — I  shall  be  obliged 
for  information  about  Augustine  Skynner  of  Tuts- 
ham  Hall,  M.P.  for  Kent,  and  a  commissioner  for 
the  trial  of  Charles  I ,  or  of  his  brother  William 
Skynner,  of  Hawkhurst,  who  died  in  1G77,  and 
his  descendants,  as  I  wish  to  know  who  were 
the  parents,  and  where  the  birthplace  of  Lieut.- 
General  William  Skinner,  Chief  Engineer  of 
Great  Britain,  who  died  in  1780  in  his  eighty-first 
year,  and  who  was  of  the  Tutsham  family. 

I  should  be  thankful  for  any  particulars  about 
Sir  Vincent  Skynner,  at  one  time  secretary  to 
Lord  Burleigh.  A.  M.  G. 

The  Society  for  Constittttional  Informa- 
tion.— Is  there  any  account  of  this  society  any- 
where beyond  what  is  to  be  gathered  from  their 
rules  and  list  of  members  ?  Does  a  complete  set, 
or  a  supposed  complete  set,  of  its  publications 
exist?  They  were  apparently  all  distributed 
gratis,  though  Rule  xxv.  (1780)  makes  this  doubt- 
ful, as  it  provides  that  no  pamphlet  shall  be  printed 
by  the  society,  the  cost  of  wluch  exceeds  Qd.  each, 
unless,  (fee.  Capel  LofFt,  and  A  real  Friend  to  the 
People  (?)  were  frequent  contributors,  and  it  is 
well  known  that  several  persons  of  celebrity  con- 
tributed. I  only  know  of  Sir  W.  Jones  and  Sir 
Samuel   Romilly  (3'<»  S.   xi.  138)   both  anony- 


mously.    A  Mr.  Thomas  Yeates,  an  attorney  of 
New  Inn,  was  the  secretary,  and  many  name's  of 
note  appear  in  the  short  list  of  subscribers.     The 
publications  seem  to  have  commenced  in  1780-2. 
Ralph  Thomas. 

Sonnet. — Is  the  following  original,  or  copied  ? 

"  SONNET. 

"  Had  I  been  only  led,  since  infanc}', 

By  Nature's  fost'ring  hand,  and  been  exil'd 
To  some  far  distant  solitary  wild, 
Where  never  humankind  was  known  to  be, — 
Alike  to  them  unknown,  and  they  to  me,  — 
And  there  remain'd,  untutor'd,' unbeguil'd. 
And  Learning's  rays  had  never  on  me  smil'd. 
Which  scatter  far  the  clouds  of  mystery  : 
Still,  as  I'd  wander'd  rapt  in  wonderment, 
To  watch  the  workings  of  the  mighty  deep, 
Or  glorious  sun  and  moon  their  order  keep, 
And  all  above  with  countless  orbs  besprent, — 
The  thought  would  like  a  flash  have  struck  my  soul. 
That  there  must  be  a  God  to  guide  the  whole." 

This  I  recently  found  written  on  a  scrap  of 
paper,  yellowish  with  age,  in  a  book  of  mine.  It 
tias  beneath  it  the  initials  "■  S.  P.,  Carlton."  The 
village  of  that  name,  two  miles  from  Nottingham, 
is  no  doubt  the  one  intended.  Tristis. 

"The  Sun's  Darling"  (Dekker  &  Ford.)— 
What  is  the  meaning  of  the  date  introduced  in 
Act  I.  Sc.  1  ?  — 

"  Farewell  1538 !  I  might  have  said  5000,"  &c. 
It  cannot  be  the  date  of  the  earlier  version  of 
this  morality,  as  is  the  date  introduced  in  The  Old 
Law,  Act  III.  Sc.  1 :  — 

"  Born  in  an.  1540,  and  now  'tis  99." 

John  Addis,  Jun. 

Trocadero. — Is  the  trocadero  near  Cadiz  al- 
luded to  or  named  by  Ariosto  in  his  Orlando  Fu- 
rtoso?  G.  C. 

Translations. — I  much  wish  to  know  if  there 
exist  in  English  literal  prose  translations  of  the 
religious  books  of  the  Hindoos,  Buddhists,  and 
other  heathen  nations  whose  literature  is  copious 
and  religion  elaborate.  I  do  not  mean  descrip- 
tions of  this  religious  literature  in  the  shape  of 
analyses  or  compends — these  we  have  in  abund- 
ance —  but  the  full  works  themselves.  All  the 
Vedas,  all  the  Puranas,  all  the  religious  poems, 
all  the  works  of  Confucius,  to  which  I  may  add 
all  the  Talmud  and  Mischna  and  the  most  ortho- 
dox native  commentary  upon  the  Koran  —  all 
these  would  be  a  most  valuable  and  interesting 
addition  to  our  literature.  The  great  Persian 
poem,  moreover — does  it  exist  in  a  plain  prose 
version,  exact  and  satisfying  to  the  English  stu- 
dent ?  I  am  aware  of  Champion's  poetical  ver- 
sion; but  poetical  versions  are  deceptive  and 
imtrue.  I  know  the  labours  of  Wilson,  Miiller, 
and  the  Oriental  Translation  Society.      0.  T.  D. 


3'-d  S.  XI.  JoNE  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


479 


€l\xtxiti  totti)  <^nSiaetS, 

"Essay  for  Catholic  Communion." 

"  All  Essay  towards  a  Proposal  for  Catholic  Commimion, 
&c.,  lately  Publish'd  by  a  (Pretended)  Minister  of  the 
Church  of  England,  Printed  at  large,  and  answered 
Chapter  by  Chapter,  Whereby  it  appears  that  the 
Author's  Method  of  Reconciling  the  Church  of  England 
with  that  of  Ronie  is  fallacious,  and  his  Design  imprac- 
ticable." By  N.  Spinckes,  a  Presbyter  of  the  Church  of 
England.    London,  1705. 

Such  is  the  title  of  a  book  in  my  possession. 
Neither  the  original  essay  nor  Spinckes's  name  find 
a  place  in  Lowndes,  therefore  query — who  was  the 
writer  of  the  Essay  ? 

Note. — Spinckes  also  published  two  pamphlets 
against  Restoring  the  Prayers  and  Directions  of 
Edioard  Vlth's  Liturgy,  1718;  and  taking  all  these 
publications  together,  I  am  led  to  conclude  that 
the  same  ecclesiastical  subjects  which  agitate  our 
days  must  have  occupied  the  attention  of  our  pre- 
decessors 150  years  ago.  Geoege  Lloyd. 

Darlington. 

[An  interesting  bibliographical  notice  of  the  work  en- 
titled An  Essay  towards  a  Proposal  for  Catholic  Com- 
munion, by  a  Minister  of  the  Church  of  England,  8vo, 
1704,  appeared  in  "X.  &  Q."  1"  S.  v.  198.  That  article 
left  the  question  of  its  authorship  undecided,  but  the 
writer  conjectured  it  was  either  by  Thomas  Dean  or 
Joshua  Bassett.  We  have  every  reason  to  believe  it  was 
the  production  of  the  latter  clergyman  ;  for  a  manuscript 
note  by  the  late  Rev.  M.  A.  Tierney.  prefixed  to  his  copy 
of  the  Essay,  annotated  by  Edward  Stephens,  8vo,  1705, 
states  that  "  Bishop  Dicconson  says  that  this  Essay  was 
written  by  Bassett,  who  afterwards  became  a  Catholic 
under  the  direction  of  Gother,  and  he  refers  for  proof  to 
Michael  Le  Quien's  Answer  to  Le  Courayer.  Le  Quien 
(Preface,  p.  xxx.)  mentions  Bassett's  conversion,  and  the 
circumstances  that  led  to  it,  in  the  publication  of  this 
Essay,  and  his  consequent  expulsion  from  his  benefice  ; 
but  he  makes  no  mention  of  Gother.  He  tells  us  more- 
over that  the  person  who  wrote  the  Reply  to  the  Essay 
was  Stephens." 

The  following  commendatory  notice  by  Dr.  Fowler, 
Bishop  of  Gloucester,  is  prefixed  to  Stephens's  Observa- 
tions, 1705,  in  reply  to  the  author  of  the  Essay  :  "  It  is, 
in  my  opinion,"  says  the  Bishop,  "  verj'  learnedly  and 
judiciously  demonstrated  in  these  Observations,  that  the 
Romish  Church  has  rendered  it  upon  many  accounts  ab- 
solutely impossible  for  the  Church  of  England  to  come 
into  communion  with  her  ;  as  also,  that  the  design  of  the 
Essay,  on  which  the  Observations  are  made,  is  in  them 
abundantly  detected  of  most  shameful  sophistry  and  pre- 
varication.— Edward  Gloucester."  The  Essay  was 
also  attacked  by  two  nonjuring  clergymen,  namely, 
Samuel  Grascome  and  Nathaniel  Spinckes. 

Bound  up  in  the  same  volume  noticed  above,  we  find 
the  following  manuscript  letter  from  the  Rev.  John 
Kirk,  one  of  the  editors  of  The  Faith  of  Catholics,  8vo, 
1813,  addressed  to  the  Rev.  M.  A.  Tierney :  — 


"  My  dear  Sir  —  I  have  lately  been  asked  from 
Northampton,  who  was  the  author  of  the  Essay  for 
Catholic  Communion  ?  On  looking  into  my  biographical 
scraps,  I  do  not  find  mention  of  what  1  found  in  Mr. 
Hearne's  Journal,  and  also  in  the  beginning  of  the  Essay 
(Q.  19),  and  conclude  that  I  forgot  to  send  it  to  you. 
Mr.  Hearne's  note  in  the  Bodleian  is  this :  '  The  following 
Essay  was  written  by  Mr.  Bassett,  a  papist,  and  head  of 
Sidney  College  in  Cambridge  in  the  time  of  the  late  King 
James  II.  The  Observations  upon  it  were  written  by 
Mr.  Edward  Stephens.  This  information  I  had  from  Dr. 
Grabe.'  The  note  is  dated  August  3,  1705.  You  know 
that  Mr.  Hearne  was  the  librarian  of  the  Bodleian,  who 
published  several  of  our  old  Catholic  historians,  and  was 
suspected  of  being  half  a  Catholic,  if  he  did  not  die  one. 
He  was  a  great  friend  of  Mr.  Charles  Eyston,  of  East 
Hundred,  Berks,  of  whom  you  have  a  short  account,  and 
whose  History  of  Glastonbury,  &c.  he  published.  I  hope 
you  are  quite  well,  and  busily  preparing  another  volume 
of  Dodd.    With  my  best  wishes,  my  dear  Sir, 

"  Yours  verj-  truly, 
"John  Kikk. 

"  Lichfield,  March  29,  1845." 

As  this  Essay  has  been  frequently  a  topic  of  discussion 
for  more  than  a  century  and  a  half,  its  authorship  may 
now  be  considered  as  finally  settled.  Some  particvdars 
of  Joshua  Bassett  may  be  found  in  Cooper's  Annals  of 
Cambridge,  iii.  614,  616,  636,  642,  and  Jones's  Chetham 
Popery  Tracts,  pt.  i.  148.] 

Cardinal  Wolsey's  Bell. — In  1866  the  great 
bell  of  Sherborne  Abbey  (the  gift  of  Cardinal 
Wolsey)  was  sent  to  the  foundry  of  the  Messrs. 
Warner,  Cripplegate,  to  be  recast.  Would  any 
campanologist  inform  me  what  inscription  was  on 
this  bell,  and  any  other  particulars  respecting  it. 
John  Pxggot,  Jxjn. 
[The  bell  presented  by  Cardinal  Wolsey  to  Sherborne 
Abbey  was  imported  from  Tournay,  and  we  believe  no 
record  is  preserved  of  the  original  legend  on  it.  In  1670 
it  was  recast  by  Thomas  Purdue,  who  placed  upon  it  the 
following  inscription :  — 

"  This  bell  was  new  cast  by  me,  Thomas  Purdue, 

October  the  20th,  1670. 

Gustavus  Home,  Walter  Pride,  Churchwardens. 

Bj'  Wolsey's  gift  I  measure  time  for  all : 

To  mirth,  to  griefe,  to  church  I  serve  to  call." 

Thomas  Purdue  lived  at  Closworth,  co.  Somerset,  where 

he  died  on  Sept.  1, 1711,  aged  ninety  years.    On  his  tomb 

is  the  following  epitaph  : 

"  Here  lies 
The  Bell  Founder, 
Honest  and  true. 
Till  y*  resurrection, 
Nam'd  Purdue." 
In  1858  the  Wolsey  bell  was  unfortunately  cracked, 
and  remained  silent  in  the  tower  for  nearly  seven  years. 
At  length  it  was  recast  by  Messrs.  Warner  of  Cripple- 
gate,  and  sent  back  to  Sherborne  on  Dec.  27,  1865.    The 


480 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XL  June  15,  *67. 


old  inscription  of  1670  has  been  retained  on  the  bell,  with 
tHe  following  addition  :  — 

"  Recast  1865.     Edward  Harston,  Vicar  ; 
James  Hoddinott,  Francis  Stokes,  Churchwardens." 

For  this  account  of  Wolsey's  famed  bell  we  are  in- 
debted to  the  valuable  researches  of  Mr.  Thomas  Walesby, 
of  Golden  Square,  who  supplied  some  additional  particu- 
lars of  it  to  The  Guardian  newspaper  of  May  23,  1866.] 

Anonymotjs. — I  have  lately  met  with  a  quaint 
little  work  entitled  — 

"  The  Whole  Duty  of  Woman.  By  a  Lady.  Written 
at  the  desire  of  a  Noble  Lord.  The  3rd  Edition,  corrected. 
London  :  Printed  for  R.  Baldwin,  at  the  Rose  in  Pater- 
noster Row.     1753." 

Can  you  throw  any  light  on  the  anonymous 
authoress  ?  A  Constant  Keader. 

[This  work  is  by  Dr.  William  Kendrick,  a  miscel- 
laneous writer  of  some  celebrity,  who  died  in  1779.] 


LONDON  POSTS  AND  PAVEMENTS. 
(3'<»  S.  xi.  329.) 
J.  G.  N.'s  note  upon  this  subject  has  drawn  my 
attention  to  the  following  :  — 

"  A  Seasonable  Alarm  to  the  City  of  London  on  the 
present  important  Crisis  ;  shewing,  by  most  Convincing 
Arguments,  that  the  Neiv  Method  of  Paving  the  Streets 
with  Scotch  Pebbles,  and  the  Pulling  Doum  of  the  Signs, 
must  be  both  equally  pernicious  to  the  Health  and  Morals 
of  the  People  of  England.  By  Zachary  Zeal,  Citizen." 
8vo,  pp.  xi.  51.    Lond. :  W.  NicoU.    N.  d. 

A  dedication  "  To  the  C — mm — n  C — no — 1 " 
is  dated  "  London  Stone,  Cannon  Street,  this 
6th  Nov.  1764,"  showing  that  it  refers  to  the 
period  when  the  signs  and  posts  were  doomed, 
the  Scottish  new  pavement  threatened,  and  hoth 
partially  carried  out  by  the  Bute  administration ; 
and  it  is  to  fire  the  citizens  of  London  against 
these  abolitions  and  introductions  oi  foreign  inno- 
vations within  their  boundaries  that  here  moves 
the  zealous  Zachary  to  protest,  and  advocate  no 
C[uarter  to  the  Goths  and  Vandals  from  the  North, 
in  their  schemes  to  improve  the  Eden  to  which 
they  were  flocking. 

The  vein  in  which  my  pamphlet  is  written  is 
the  satirical,  if  not  the  ironical,  embodying  that 
abuse  of  the  Scotch  which  was  the  favourite 
theme  in  the  early  days  of  George  III.  I  do  not 
see  that  the  book  furnishes  a  direct  reply  to  the 
questions  of  your  correspondent,  but  a  few  ex- 
tracts may  enable  him  to  draw  some  inferences  in 
the  direction  of  his  inquiries. 

Vilifying  the  Scotch,  then,  being  the  apparent 
paramoimt  object,  the  paragraphs  need  no  intro- 
duction. 

"  Not  contented  with  the  Ascendant  they  have  unduly 
obtained  over  us,"  says  Zacharj',  "  they  take  the  Method 


of  publishing  it  to  the  World  by  razing  our  Streets,  and 
pulling  down  our  Signs,  so  that  in  a  short  time  we  shall 
not  have  a  foot  of  English  ground  to  walk  upon,  nor  will 
there  be  a  Sign  of  an  Englishman  left  in  the  Jletropolis 
of  England  ....  The  sad  Situation  to  which  they 
have  reduced  some  of  our  most  ancient  Streets,  needs  not 
to  be  painted  to  any  one  who  has  for  some  time  past,  with 
equal  Sorrow  and  Inconvenience,  walked  the  Strand: 
Every  Gutter  Sympathizing  with  all  tnie-hea.rted  Englisk- 
mm,  weeps  the  dreadful  Effects  of  Scotch  Administration. 
Even  the  Posts,  these  innocent  inoffensive,  na)^  useful, 
ornaments  of  the  Foot- paths,  have  not  Escaped  their  Kage 
of  Innovation.  These  also  are  taken  awaj',  and  the  old 
Barriers  between  Horses  and  the  Human  Species  being 
thus  removed,  Englishmen  are  cast  out  into  the  Streets, 

and  obliged  to  mix  with  the  Brute  Creation 

Had  the  Paving  the  Streets,  or  the  Suspension  of  Signs, 
been  any  New  Invention,  their  pretentions  to  Superior 
Knowledge  had  been  less  intolerable ;  but  to  presume  to 
set  up  their  Crude  Schemes  against  our  Wisdom  of  Ages, 
to  pretend  to  advise  us  in  Paving  of  the  Streets  of  London — 
whose  Streets  were  paved  before  a  Stone  of  their  Sweet- 
Smelling  Edinburgh  was  laid — nay,  for  aught  I  know,  or 
you  eiYAer,  Gentlemen,  perhaps  before  an  Inch  of  Scotland 
existed:  this  is  the  very  height  of  arrogance." 

"  The  Roughiiess  of  our  Streets,"  continues  the 
indignant  Zachary,  "  which  I  am  told  was  the 
chief  reason  given  for  introducing  these  smooth 
Scotch  Pebbles,  appears  to  me  to  be  the  very 
strongest  argument  that  can  in  reason  be  urged 
against  them ; "  and  thereupon  Z.  Z.  reminds  his 
readers  that  exercise  is  extremely  conducive  to 
health ;  and  as  the  old  state  of  their  streets  in- 
volved the  necessity  of  jolting  over  the  stones,  he 
pictures  the  emasculated  condition  of  posterity  by 
thus  destrojdng  the  health-producing  roughness 
of  our  streets.  By  the  alterations  already  made 
in  Parliament  Street,  the  members  of  the  Legis- 
lature, lacking  the  exercise  involuntary  acquired 
in  a  rough  walk  down  to  the  House,  lose,  the 
Satirist  fears,  a  portion  of  their  mental  and  phy- 
sical calibre,  and  so  too  readily  give  in  to  Scotch 
measures ;  and  from  the  date  of  Scotch  pavement 
gaining  ground  in  the  city,  it  is  confidently  pre- 
dicted that  similar  evils  will  befall  the  members 
of  Common  Council,  to  say  nothing  to  the  swollen 
bills  of  mortality  among  them,  arising  from  the 
want  of  that  wholesome  jolting  so  necessary  after 
turtle  and  venison  feasts.  On  the  score  of  morals, 
too,  the  zealous  citizen  shows  that,  in  all  ages, 
when  tyrants  would  subdue  a  people  and  despoil 
them  of  liberty,  it  is  by  the  introduction  of  luxury 
and  effeminate  pleasures. 

"  Let  me  then,"  says  he,  "  warn  my  countrymen  lest 
these  hardj'  Sous  of  Caledon  meditate  something  of  the 
like  sort ;  and  bring  their  Smooth  Pebbles  here  only  that 
they  may,  some  time  hence,  with  more  security  tread 
upon  us." 

From  these  specimens  of  Zachary  Zeal's  satirical 
production,  it  would  rather  seem  the  roadway 
than  the  pavement  which  was  threatened;  the 
mischievous  results  being  predicted  to  those  who 
used  carriages  and  hackney  coaches. 

In  the  same  strain  my  authority  goes  on  to 


3"«  S.  XL  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


481 


vituperate  the  Northern  barbarians  for  the  re- 
moval of  the  signs,  upon  the  subject  of  which 
there  is  some  amusing  particulars  and  banter, 
which  has  no  doubt  been  used  up  by  the  com- 
pilers of  The  History  of  Signs,  if  the  pamphlet 
fell  in  their  way. 

Upon  all  these  points — the  pavement,  the  signs, 
and  the  posts — I  dare  say  much  may  Ise  gleaned 
from  the  caricatures  of  the  day — The  Scots  Scourge, 
The  Bi-itish  Antidote  to  Caledonian  Poison,  and  the 
like.  In  the  last  named  there  is  one  exempli- 
fying the  double  entendre  of  the  posts,  where, 
under  the  title  of  "  The  Laird  of  the  Posts,"  is 
represented  a  race  for  their  occupation,  resulting 
in  the  success  of  the  kilts  and  bonnets.  J.  0. 


"HONI,"  ITS  MEANING  AND  ETYMOLOGY. 
(S'O  S.  xi.  331.) 

The  vulgar  rendering  of  the  motto  of  the  Order 
of  the  Garter,  "  Evil  be  to  him  that  evil  thinks," 
is  simply  absurd.  In  fact  there  is  no  such  word 
as  "honi."  Honni,  as  it  ought  to  be  written, 
is  not  a  noun,  but  the  past  participle  of  the  verb 
honnir,  to  disgrace,  revile,  curse.  The  true  ver- 
nacular translation  of  "Honni  soit  qui  mal  y 
pense,"  as  King  Edward — if  he  ever  said  it — must 

have  meant,  would  be  "  He  be  d d  that  thinks 

any  wrong  of  it." 

Honnir  is  not  of  Latin  extraction.  It  has  been 
an  importation  from  Germany,  and  is  a  relic  of 
the  Frankish  tongue  spoken  by  Clovis  and  his 
long-haired  warriors.  Thus  in  the  Frankish  me- 
trical version  of  the  Gospels  by  Otfrid  in  the 
ninth  century,  in  St.  John  ix.  34,  we  read  — 

"  Thu  bist  al  honer, 

In  sunton  giboraner." 

^'  Thou  art  altogether  cursed,  born  in  sin."  It  is 
found  in  old  German  under  the  forms  hCn,  honi, 
hohon,  huohon ;  Anglo-Saxon,  hean ;  modern  Ger- 
man, hohn,  noun  ;  hohnmi,  verb. 

The  word  is  found  in  Italian  in  the  verb  onire, 
with  the  same  sense  of  disgrace.  Indeed  our 
motto  of  the  Garter  is  embodied  verbatim  in 
an  Italian  proverb,  "Onito  sia  chi  mal  pensa." 
It  also  occurs  in  onta  (noun)  and  ontare  (verb) 
with  the  same  radical  meaning.  The  French 
honte  is  no  doubt  a  derivative  from  the  same  stock. 
However  derived,  it  is  undoubtedly  of  Teutonic 
parentage. 

Menage,  srd)  voc.  "honte,"  suggests  a  singular 
origin  for  the  word.  He  connects  it  with  the 
German  hund,  hound  or  dog,  and  proceeds — 

"  Anciennement  quand  on  vouloit  faire  soufFrir  une 
honte  et  uue  ignominie  extraordinaire  a  un  Gentilhomme 
convaincu  de  sedition,  de  volerie  et  d'incendie;  avant 
que  de  le  faire  mourir  on  lui  faisoit  porter  sur  ses  epaules 
un  chien  h,  travers  les  champs,  jusques  aux  limites  du 
prochaiu  territoire." 


The  Emperor  Frederick  Barbarossa  condemned 
Hermann  Count  Palatine  with  his  accomplices  to 
this  punishment,  which  is  thus  described  by  Gun- 
ter,  a  poet  of  the  period  :  — 

"  cujus  dispendia  poena 
Ille  Palatinaj  custos  celeberrimus  aulai 
Non  potuit  vitare  comes ;  cunctisque  videndus 
Portavit  scapulis,  passus  plus  mille,  latrantem. 
Hanc  quoque  tunc  alii,  simili  pro  crimine  pocnam, 
Sustinuere  decern  comites  ;  totidemque  coacti 
Foeda  tulere  canes  generoso  pondera  collo." 

Unfortunately  for  this  derivation,  the  old  Ger- 
man word  hona,  which  is  identical  with  French 
honte,  was  employed  in  the  same  sense  many  cen- 
turies before  the  time  of  Frederick  Barbarossa. 
So  in  St.  John  xix.  — 

"  Thurnina  corona. 

Gidan  was  thaz  in  hona." 

"  The  crown  of  thorns.     This  was  done  for  dis- 
grace." 

The  original  root  may  possibly  be  Sans.  '^«f  , 

han,  pulsare,  destruere ;  but  Grimm's  law  would 

be   better  fulfilled  in  tracing  it  to  3?^.  J^uh, 


deriv.  kuhana,  deception,  mockinj 


J.  A.  P. 


This  is  a  common  enough  word  in  Old  French. 
Thus  we  find  in  Roquefort  — 

"  HoNiR  (hoiiier,  honnir,  hontager,  Jiontir,  liounir, 
hounnir)  ;  Mepriser,  blamer,  deshonorer,  maltraiter,  dif- 
famer." 

And  in  Cotgrave  — 

"  Honnir.  To  reproach,  disgrace,  dishonour,  defame, 
shame ;  revile,  curse,  or  outrage,  in  words ;  also,  to  spot, 
blemish,  pollute,  foule,  file,  defile." 

It  is  clear  from  the  various  spellings  given  by 
the  former,  that  he  considers  hontir  the  same 
word  with  honir ;  indeed,  it  is  very  probable  that 
hontir  is  merely  a  strengthened  form,  from  which 
honte  would  be  a  secondary  formation.  When 
we  consider  how  many  Teutonic  words  there  are 
in  French,  and  more  especially  in  Old  French,  the 
derivation  becomes  not  far  to  seek.  I  take  it  to 
be  simply  the  Moeso-Gothic  hauns  (low),  which 
was  used  as  a  contrasted  word  to  hauhs  (high). 
In  Ulfilas's  translation  of  St.  Paul's  Epistles,  we 
have  this  well  brought  out  in  the  following : — 
''Niwaiht  bi  haifstai  aiththau  laiiaai  hauheinai, 
ak  in  allai  hauneinai  gahugdais,"  &c. — i.e.  "No 
whit  by  strife  or  empty  haughtiness,  but  in  all 
loioliness  of  mind,"  2  Phil.  ii.  3  ;  and  again,  only 
five  verses  farther  on,  we  read  that  Christ  "ga- 
haunida  sik  silban,"  i.  e.  humbled  himself,  where 
the  Greek  is  eVaireiVoo-ey,  and  the  Latin  humiliavit. 
Hence  haunjan  (Greek  Ta-Ke:ivovv,  Lat.  humiliare), 
means  "to  make  low,"  " to  humiliate " :  whence 
the  meanings  given  by  Cotgrave,  "  to  reproach, 
disgrace,  dishonour,"  &c.,  follow  easily  enough. 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


l^ri  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67. 


Hence  also,  the  German  hohn,  an  affront.  I  can- 
not quite  make  out  what  Deo  Dtjce  means,  unless 
he  considers  it  equivalent  to  the  Latin  da7nnare. 
This  it  certainly  is  not,  and  I  do  not  see  why  we 
should  quarrel  with  the  commonly-received  trans- 
lation. Literally,  the  phrase  means,  "  Disgraced 
be  he  who  thinks  evil  thereat" ;  of  which  "  Evil 
be  to  him  who  evil  thinks  "  is  no  bad  version. 
Its  chief  defect  is,  that  it  ignores  the  word  y. 

Walter  W.  Skeat, 

Cambridge. 

Participle  (passive)  of  the  old  French  verb  hmiir, 
limnir,  or  honier ;  to  disgrace,  dishonour,  shame, 
tarnish,  blame.  (Lacombe,  Dictionnaire  du  vieux 
langage  Francois,  1776 ;  Leroux,  Dictionnaire 
comique,  1718 ;  Gasc's  Pocket  French  Dictionary, 
1867.)  IMargaret  Gattt. 

In  the  Dictionnaire  des  Proverbes  Fra7igois, 
Paris,  1749, 1  find  — 

"  HoNNiR.  Deshonorer,  ternir,  tacher. 

"  '  Quoi  ne  tient-il  qu'a  honnir  des  families  ?  '—La 
Font. 

"  La  devise  de  I'Ordre  de  la  Jarretiere  est, '  Honni  soit 
qui  mal  y  pense.' " 

is.  J_/. 


EICHARD  DEAN,  THE  EEGICIDE. 

(3'd  S.  xi.  417.) 

No.  4022  of  the  Birch  and  Sloane  MSS.  in  the 
British  Museum,  will  satisfy  A.  E.  W.  that  he 
was  neither  a  "  crestless  yeoman"  of  Ipswich, 
nor  the  issue  of  a  Yorkshire  dyer.  The  epitaph 
therein  preserved  records  his  birth-place  — 

"  Oritur  ubi  Isis  in  agro  Glocesteriensi  (Cotsolli  Monti- 
bus);  moritur  ubi  Tamesis  in  Freto  Britannico  :  quo  in 
fonte  natus,  eodem  in  iiuvio  denatus  est "  — 

as  does  the  registry  of  his  baptism  in  the  parish 
church  of  Lower  Guiting,  Gloucestershire  — 
"Richard,  the  son  of  Edward  and  Anne  Deane, 
bapt.  8  July,  1610,  fell  in  battle  off  the  North 
Foreland,  June  3,  1653."  Among  the  escutcheons 
of  the  herse  at  his  interment  in  Westminster 
Abbey  were  the  arms  of  the  Denes  (or  Deanes) 
of  Leicestershire,  and  those  of  Norwood  in  Devon; 
borne  likewise  by  Sir  Richard  Deane,  Lord  Mayor 
of  London  in  1629,  and  by  Henry  Dene,  Ai-ch- 
bishop  of  Canterbury  in  1500. 

Should  A.  E.  W.  extend  his  perquisitions  in  the 
Museum,  he  will  find  (the  King's  Librarj^)  a  brace 
of  elegiac  broadsides  bewailing  the  Nelson  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  but  much  too  lengthy  for  the 
allowance  of  "  N.  &  Q." — the  one  signed  "  Sic 
fatur  lacrymans,  A^avo(\>i\os,  Th:  Tw:'"  (?) ;  the 
other,  "  by  J.  R.,  Merchant " — both  printed  in 
1653. 

Thus  far  I  have  been  indebted  to  the  researches 
of  my  friend  the   Rev.   John  Bathurst  Deane, 


rector  of  St.  Martin's  Outwich,  by  his  kindness 
transmitted  to  me  some  years  ago.  More  recently 
I  met  with  one  of  the  admiral's  oflBcial  auto- 
graphs, bearing  the  final  e.  Would  that  it  were 
not  — 

" .  .  .  .  damned  to  everlasting  fame  " 

in  the  regicidal  death-warrant  of  his  legititnate 
sovereign !  His  miniature,  which  has  descended 
to  me  as  an  heirloom,  is  marked  on  its  reverse 
"  Admiral,  1649  "  ;  but  no  employment  under  the 
usurpation — not  even  the  governorship  of  all  Scot- 
land ("  totius  Scotiae  Proconsul,"  as  his  epitaph 
designates  him) — could  in  my  eyes  affirm  his 
gentility,  any  more  than  that  of  the  Drayman 
Pride  or  the  Leatherman  Barebones,  duly  consi- 
dering the  differences  between  the  window  of 
Whitehall  and  the  floor  of  the  Capitol,  between 
Oliver  Cromwell  and  Marcus  Brutus. 

Let  me  add,  however,  that  my  interest  in  Ad- 
miral Deane's  gentility  is  justified  by  the  fact, 
that  I  am  the  Jifth  in  descent  from  his  o7ily  child, 
Hannah,  who  was  the  wife  of  my  great-great- 
grandfather, Godwin  Swift  (Swifte,  Swyfte, 
Swyffte),  the  Attorney-General  of  tJae  Palatinate 
of  Tipperary;  that  their  only  son,  Deane,  married 
Elizabeth,  granddaughter  of  the  Speaker  Lenthal ; 
that  the  prmiomen  has  never  been  omitted  among 
us  ;  and  that  on  the  decease  of  my  brother  Deane 
I  became  the  representative,  not  of  my  own  family 
only,  but  of  the  admiral's  lineal  race.  My  son. 
will,  I  trust,  transmit  it  unimpaired  to  his  de- 
scendants. Edmund  Lenthal  Swifte. 


NELSON :  A  RELIC  OF  TRAFALGAR. 
(3^1  S.  xi.  399.) 
In  reply  to  the  query  of  your  correspondent 
LiOM.  F.  as  to  the  disappearance  from  among  ua 
of  one  of  the  last  relics  of  Trafalgar,  it  may  in- 
terest your  readers  to  hear  a  few  particulars  of  the 
old  seaman  William  Sandilands,  borne  on  the 
Victory's  books  as  William  Sanders.  He  was 
first  introduced  to  my  notice  by  the  Rev.  Francis 
Laing  of  this  place,  who  had  been  chaplain  and 
private  secretary  to  Sir  Alex.  Ball,  the  Governor 
of  Malta,  and,  as  is  well  known,  one  of  Nelson's 
favourite  captains.  Being  myself  the  grandson 
of  Nelson's  public  secretary,  Scott,  who  was 
shot  early  in  the  day,  I  naturally  took  a  great 
deal  of  interest  in  my  grandfather's  old  ship- 
mate, and  exerted  myself  to  obtain  a  comfort- 
able support  for  the  "brave  old  man  in  his  de- 
clining years.  This,  thanks  to  the  Dowager  Lady 
Nelson's  long-continued  kindness  and  to  the 
liberal  response  made  by  the  public  to  an  appeal 
inserted  in  The  Times,  I  was  enabled  to  accom- 
plish, and  all  his  wants  were  supplied  up  to  the 
day  of  his  death.  He  was  bedridden  for  year.s, 
but  always  seemed  perfectly  happy  with  his  Bible 


S-'i  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


483 


and  Prayer-book,  Lis  pet  cat  and  a  little  "  baccy," 
spending  most  of  his  time  in  bis  little  room  above. 
His  conversation  was  most  amusing ;  be  -svould 
now  and  then  break  in  upon  my  exhortations 
■with  some  story  of  the  officers  of  the  old  war,  in- 
cluding quarter-deck  sayings,  racy  enough,  but 
scarcely  suited  for  the  polite  ears  of  your  readers. 

He  was  paid  oft'  from  the  "Annybul"*  just 
before  the  Victory  left  Portsmouth  with  Nelson 
on  board,  and  being  transferred  to  the  latter 
vessel  before  he  had  time  to  spend  the  pay  re- 
ceived after  a  voyage  or  cruise  of  some  length, 
he  had,  he  said,  ninety  pounds  in  his  possession  on 
the  day  of  the  battle.  He  always  considered  it  a 
wonderful  proof  of  carefulness  and  forethought 
that,  fearing  lest  in  case  of  his  death  his  money 
should  come  into  the  hands  of  "the  officers,"  he 
tied  it  all  up  in  his  "  neckercher,"  "  so  as,"  said  he, 
"  if  so  be  as  I  were  killed,  it  would  be  safe  to  go 
overboard  along  vsi'  me." 

During  the  tight  he  was  stationed  at  the  after- 
most gun  on  the  starboard  side  of  the  quarter-deck, 
which  he  left  three  times:  once  to  lash  to  the 
Victory  by  the  rigging,  another  ship  which  was 
lying  aboard  her,but  was  beginning  to  drift  astern, 
(this  ship  he  called  the  Santissima  Trinidad,  but 
I  fancy  it  must  have  been  the  Redoubtable) ;  a 
second  time,  to  carry  down  the  heroic  Lieutenant 
Pavers,  who  fell  on  the  deck  so  severely  wounded 
as  to  lose  both  legs  ;  and  a  third  time,  to  assist  in 
carrying  the  admiral  himself  to  the  cock-pit.  He 
said  Nelson  sent  him  up  almost  immediately  to 
inquire  of  Captain  Hardy  what  number  of  the 
enemy's  ships  had  struck,  bidding  him  make  haste 
back,''' if  he  didn't  get  killed  by  the  way";  and 
he  added,  that  Nelson  seemed  well  pleased  when 
he  returned  with  the  captain's  reply.  After  the 
battle  he  obtained  his  discharge,  and  for  many 
years  lived  an  honest  industrious  life  in  this  town, 
preserving  with  great  pride  his  old  blue  jacket 
with  its  bright  rows  of  mother-o'-pearl  buttons, 
and  latterly  his  Trafalgar  medal. 

He  died  a  peaceful  and,  I  trust,  a  Christian 
death,  in  humble  reliance  upon  the  merits  of  his 
Redeemer.  He  was  escorted  to  his  grave  by  the 
band  and  a  filing  party  of  our  R.  V.  C,  and  two 
volleys  over  the  colhn  were  fired  as  a  last  mark  of 
respect  to  one  of  our  country's  gallant  defenders 
in  the  old  time  of  her  greatest  peril. 

Fkaxcis  John  Scott, 
Incumbent  of  Tredington. 
Tewkesburv,  June  10. 


BATTLE  OF  BAUGE :  THE  CARMICHAELS  OF 

THAT  ILK. 

(3">  S.  xi.  120.) 

I  delayed  replying  to  Mr.  Vere  Irvixg's  re- 
marks   on  the  battle   of  Bauge   until  I   had   an 
*  Hannibal. 


opportunity  of  reading  the  Hidory  of  the  Upper 
I   lizard  of  Lanarkshire,  a  copy  of  which  interesting 
work  I  only  lately  obtained. 

If  the  genealogy  of  the  Carmichaels  of  that  ilk, 
as  stated  by  Mr.  Vere  Irving  in  his  history  of 
their  parish,  be  correct,  I  doubtless  am  "  totally 
wi'ong  "  in  asserting  that  the  family  were  repre- 
sented at  the  period  of  the  battle  of  Bauge  by  a 
William  (not  Sir  William)  de  Carmichael.  Mr. 
'  Irvixg  has,  however,  I  think,  fallen  into  the 
same  error  as  Douglas,  to  whose  Peerage  he  refers, 
in  supposing  a  Sir  John  de  Carmichael  of  that  ilk 
to  flourish  circa  1420 ;  whereas  not  only  is  there 
no  proof  of  his  existence,  but  the  following  evi- 
dence will  show  that  William  was  then  living, 
and  chief  of  his  name  :  — 

1.  William  Carmichael  of  that  ilk  is  a  witness 
of  transactions  affecting  John  Carmichael  and 
the  lands  of  Meadowflat  in  1423.  (Lee  charter- 
chest.) 

2.  A  notarial  proceeding,  dated  July  6,  1434,. 
aff'ecting  James  Sandilands,  Dominus  de  Calder, 
with  respect  to  his  lands  in  the  regality  of  Douglas^ 
is  witnessed  by  William  Carmichael,  Dominus 
ejusdem. 

John  Carmichael  could  not,  therefore,  have 
succeeded  to  his  father  until  after  1434,  or  about 
thirteen  years  subsequent  to  the  battle  of  Bauge. 

Both  Douglas,  in  his  Peei'age,  and  Mr.  Irving, 
concur  in  maldng  the  Carmichaels  of  Meadowflat 
and  Greenhill,  Captains  of  Castle  Crawford,  the 
issue  of  a  Sir  John  Carmichael  (grandson  of  the 
supposed  Sir  John  of  Bauge),  who  is  said  to  have 
died  in  150G.  Such,  however,  is  not  the  fact,  as- 
John  Carmichael,  who  obtained  charters  of  Green- 
hill  from  his  kinsman  Sir  James  Sandilands  of 
Calder  in  1417,  and  of  Meadowflat  from  W^illiam 
Gilray  and  Sir  John  Lindsay  of  Covington  in 
1420  and  1427,  was  the  second  son  of  Sir  John  de 
Carmichael,  the  founder  of  the  family  in  Douglas 
Dale,  who  obtained  a  charter  of  the  lands  of  Car- 
michael from  William  Earl  of  Douglas  and  Mar, 
and  a  charter  of  other  lands  in  the  barony  of 
Wiston,  from  his  cousin  Sir  James  Sandilands  of 
Calder,  son-in-law  of  Robert  II. 

The  latter  charter,  by  "  Jacobus  de  Sandylands, 
miles,  Dominus  Baronite  de  Wiston,  dilecto  con- 
sanguineo  nostro  Johanni  de  C  army ch ell  militi, 
&c.,"  is  dated  at  Calder,  November  1,  1385,  and 
confirmed  by  Robert  II.  on  May  8,  1387.  (Cleg- 
horn  charter-chest.) 

This  Sir  John  de  Carmichael  had  two  sons — 
William,  who  succeeded  him  in  the  lands  of  Car- 
michael and  Wiston,  and  John,  who,  as  already 
mentioned,  obtained  charters  of  Meadowflat,  &c., 
and  was  the  founder  of  that  branch  of  the  family. 
His  second  son,  also  named  John,  married  Elisa- 
beth, Dowager  Countess  of  Angus  (mother  of 
Archibald  Bell  the  Cat),  and  through  her  became 
possessed  of  Balmedie   and    other  lands  in   the 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s.  XL  June  15,  '67. 


counties  of  Fife  and  Perth,  together  with  the 
heritable  baillieship  of  Abemethie ;  and  it  is  from 
this  marriage  that  the  Balmedie  family,  the  pre- 
sent heirs  male  of  the  Carmichaels  of  that  ilk, 
are  lineally  descended.  Their  presumed  descent 
from  a  Robert  Carmichael,  as  alleged  by  Douglas 
and  repeated  by  Mr.  Irving,  is  utterly  erroneous ; 
indeed,  the  whole  of  the  early  portion  of  the  Car- 
michael pedigree  in  Douglas's  Peerage  is  loosely 
and  incorrectly  stated. 

I  fully  agree  with  Mr.  Vere  Irting  in  be- 
lieving that  the  crest  and  arms  of  the  Carmichaels 
were  assumed  from  the  fact  of  a  member  of  their 
house  having  attacked,  and  probably  unhorsed, 
the  Duke  of  Clarence  atBauge,  in  the  accomplish- 
ment of  which  feat  he  broke  his  spear ;  but,  as 
far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain,  there  were 
only  two  scions  of  the  family  bearing  the  name  of 
John  living  at  that  period — John  Carmichael  of 
Meadowflat,  designated  in  a  notarial  instrument 
in  1420  as  "  Nobilis  vir  Johannes  de  Carmychell 
Constabularius  Sanctse  Andrife/'  and  John  Car- 
michael, or  de  S"'  Michel,  afterwards  Bishop  of 
Orleans ;  and  there  being  no  evidence  of  the 
former  having  served  in  the  French  wars,  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  the  soldier  who  distin- 
guished himself  at  Bauge,  and  the  warlike  bishop 
who  received  such  honourable  mention  from  the 
pen  of  Symphorien  Guyon,  might  have  been  one 
and  the  same  individual. 

Mr.  Irving  inquires  where  the  charters,  from 
which  I  quoted  in  a  former  communication  to 
"  N.  &  Q.''  are  to  be  found,  and  I  have  now  much 
pleasure  in  giving  him  this  information. 

The  charters  of  the  lands  of  Meadowflat  to  John 
Carmichael  by  William  Gilray  and  Sir  John 
Lindsay  of  Covington,  dated  respectively  January 
25, 1420,  December  15,  1424,  and  November  25, 
1427,  are  in  the  Lee  and  Carnwarth  charter- 
chests.  The  latter  charter  of  November,  1427, 
was  confirmed  on  August  20,  1511,  in  the  fol- 
lowing terms :  — "  Johanni  Carmichael  filio  quon- 
dam Domini  Johannis  Carmichael  Militis  et  here- 
dibus  suis."     (Great  Seal  Register.) 

A  charter  of  half  the  lands  of  Greenhill  was 
granted  by  "  Jacobus  de  Sandilands,  Dominus  de 
Calder,  dilecto  consanguineo  meo  Johanni  de  Car- 
mychell filio  quondam  Johannis  de  Carmychell 
militis,"  and  dated  at  Calder,  xMay  25,  1417 ;  and 
a  further  charter  of  the  remaining  portion  of 
Greenhill  is  dated  October  16,  1421.  These  docu- 
ments will  be  found  in  the  Cleghorn  charter- 
chest.  J.  R.  C. 

Army  and  Navy  Club. 

HANNAH  LIGHTl'OOT. 
(3"^  S.  id.  passim.) 
Truth,  not  victory,  should  be  the  object  of  all 
literary  and  historical  inquiries.     It  was  to  ascer- 
tain if  there  was  any,  and  if  so,  what  truth,  in  the 


reported  marriage  or  liaison  between  George  III. 
and  a  fair  Quaker,  that  I  undertook  those  in- 
quiries, the  results  of  which  I  have  so  lately 
brought  under  the  notice  of  the  readers  of 
"N.  &Q." 

Since  those  papers  were  published  in  a  separate 
form,  indeed  within  the  last  few  days,  some  facts 
have  come  under  my  notice,  to  which  those  who 
differ  from  my  views  as  to  the  truth  of  the  story 
may  possibly  attach  greater  value  than  I  do.  Be 
that  as  it  may,  I  feel  bound  to  bring  them  for- 
ward at  the  very  earliest  opportunity. 

In  the  first  place,  my  attention  has  been  called 
to  a  printed  allusion  to  this  scandal  as  early  as  the 
year  1779.  It  occurs  in  one  of  the  many  discredit- 
able publications  of  the  well-known  William 
Combe,  who  contents  himself,  however,  with 
speaking  of  the  lady  as  the  "  mistress,  previous 
to  his  marriage,"  of  George  III.  The  attention  of 
the  reader  need  scarcely  be  called  to  the  palpable 
contradictions  between  the  opening  and  the  con- 
clusion of  the  paragraph :  — 

"  It  is  not  believed,  even  at  this  time,  by  many  persons 
who  live  in  the  world,  that  he  had  a  mistress  previous  to 
his  marriage.  Such  a  circumstance  was  reported  by 
many,  believed  by  some,  disputed  by  others,  but  proved 
by  none  ;  and  with  such  a  suitable  caution  was  this  in- 
trigue conducted,  that  if  the  body  of  the  people  called 
Quakers,  of  which  this  young  lady  in  question  was  a 
member,  had  not  divulged  the  fact  by  the  public  pro- 
ceedings of  their  meeting  concerning  it,  it  would,  in  all 
probability,  have  remained  a  matter  of  doubt  to  this 
day." 

In  the  second  place,  however  mythical  the 
alleged  connection  between  the  fair  Quaker  and 
George  III.,  I  have  discovered  evidence  that  such 
persons  as  Hannah  Lightfoot  and  Isaac  Axford 
did  really  exist.  I  have  before  me  a  certificate  of 
the  birth  of  Hannah  Lightfoot,  the  daughter  of 
Matthew  and  Mary  Lightfoot,  of  the  parish  of 
St.  John's,  Wapping,  on  the  12th  day  of  October, 
1730 ;  and  I  have  received  evidence  of  the  bap- 
tism of  Isaac  Axford,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
Axford,  at  East  Stoke,  in  Wilts,  in  the  year  1734. 

One  of  the  stories  respecting  Hannah  Lightfoot 
tells  us  that  she  was  married  to  Axford  at  Keith's 
Chapel,  May  Fair;  left  him  at  the  door  of  the 
chapel,  joined  her  royal  lover,  and  was  never  seen 
afterwards  by  her  desponding  husband.  There  is 
thus  much  of  truth  in  the  story,  as  I  have  ascer- 
tained by  an  examination  of  the  registers  of  mar- 
riage of  the  chapel  in  question  —  namely,  that 
Isaac  Axford  and  Hannah  Lightfoot  really  were 
married  there  on  December  11,  1753;  at  which 
time  the  Prince,  "  bigoted,  young,  and  chaste^''  to 
whose  arms  she  is  said  to  have  flown,  was  fifteen 
years  of  age  !     Is  this  a  very  probable  story  ? 

When  I  add  that  Isaac  Axford  married  a 
second  wife  on  December  3, 1759,— something  less 
than  six  years  after  his  marriage  with  Hannah 
Lightfoot,  and  that  he  then  described  himself  as 


3»d  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


485 


a  "widower,"  and  that  this  was  nearly  a  twelve- 
month before  George  III.  ascended  the  throne, — 
I  have  told  my  readers  aU  that  I  have  gathered 
upon  the  subject  up  to  this  time.  I  am  still  pur- 
suing my  inquiries,  and  they  shall  be  made  ac- 
quainted with  the  result.  But  I  feel  assured  that 
those  who  fairly  weigh  all  the  evidence  which 
already  exists  upon  the  subject,  will  be  prepared 
to  share  the  conviction  which  I  have  already 
avowed — that  as  far  as  George  III.  is  concerned 
"  the  story  of  Hannah  Lightfoot  is  a  fiction,  and 
nothing  but  a  fiction,  from  beginning  to  end." 

William  J.  Thoms. 


Mary  Qtteen  or  Scots  (S"^  S.  xi.  400.) — I  am 
obliged  to  you  for  publishing  my  former  note  with 
respect  to  Mary  Queen  of  Scots'  lodging  at  Loch- 
leven.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  point  out  that 
the  two  respectable  authorities  you  quote  are  in- 
consistent with  each  other,  and  with  those  cited 
by  me.  The  Queen  was  lodged  in  the  main 
building  of  Lochleven,  on  the  second  story  (W. 
Scott) ;  on  the  fourth  story  (Chalmers) ;  in  the 
detached  south  turret  in  a  circular  room  seven 
feet  in  diameter  (Froude) ;  fifteen  feet  in  diameter 
(Strickland).  Is  there  no  original  authority  on 
the  point  ?  W. 

MoifASTic  Seal  (3"1  S.  xi.  194,  307.)  — I  am 
much  obliged  to  Me.  J.  Piggot,  Jux.,  but  he 
very  partially  answers  my  question.  My  inquiry 
was  whether,  from  the  existing  portion  of  Spald- 
ing Priory  seal,  any  antiquarian  artist  would  be 
able  accurately  to  reproduce  the  whole.  I  should 
be  glad  to  obtain  this  information.  I  may  add 
that,  by  an  error  of  the  press,  2^>'i<>''  "w^as  printed 
friar.  D.  S.  L. 

PaSTON  LeTTEKS:  CHAEDEaWETNS  (3"*  S.  xi. 
380.)— I  think  Our  Lady's  thistle,  not  the  arti- 
choke, is  meant  by  Chardeqiceyn.  In  Dodoens' 
History  of  Plants  (Lyte's  translation,  1587),  the 
French  name  of  the  ''  prickly  artichoke  "  is  said  to 
be  Chardonnerette,  while  that  of  Our  Lady's  thistle 
is  Chardoymostre  Daine.  May  we  not  understand 
by  Chardeqiceyn,  Queen  thistle,  i.  e.  Our  Lady's 
thistle  ?  It  was  said  to  be  a  remedy  against 
blood-spitting,  feeble  stomachs,  tooth-ache,  and 
many  other  bodily  ailments.  J.  M.  Cowpee. 

Dtjnbae's  "  Social  Life  ik  Foemer  Days  " 
(S"-"*  S.  xi.  192,  390.)  —Will  Me.  Dunbae  kindly 
refer  again  to  the  original  MSS.  and  see  whether 
the  date  "  Jaj  vie  "  has  really  been  exactly  copied  by 
the  printers  ?  The  characters  are  intended  to  ex- 
press "  one  thousand  six  hundred."  Now  the  vi 
is  plain  enough  for  the  six,  and  the  c  for  a  hun- 
dred. On  the  same  principle  the  initial  J"  would 
represent  one,  and  m  following  would  stand  for  a 
thousand ;  and  my  belief  is  that  the  copyist,  or 


the  printer,  has  turned  the  m  of  the  MS.  into  aj 
in  each  case  cited  in  my  letter  (xi.  192).  Jm  may 
stand  for  one  thousand;  Jaj  makes  mere  non- 
sense. Jaydee. 

The  PALiEOLOGi. — The  question  is  asked  (3"' 
S.  xi.  456),  as  to  the  settlement  of  Jeivs  in  Corn- 
wall, as  connected  with  the  mines,  &c.  It  may 
be  worth  placing  on  record  that  the  late  Sir 
Eobert  Inglis,  M.P.  for  the  University  of  Oxford 
and  one  of  her  worthiest  sons,  told  the  writer  of 
this  communication  that  there  were  in  Cornwall 
descendants  of  the  last  emperors  of  the  East. 
They  were,  he  said,  miners  of  very  humble  condi- 
tion ;  but  were  fully  aware  of  their  imperial  de- 
scent ;  to  which  an  indirect  testimony  presented 
itself  in  the  corrupted  form  of  the  name  they  bore, 
thatof^Palligy."  T.  W.  W. 

"Ut  Potiar  Patioe"  (3"J  S.  xi.  441.)  — The 
motto  of  the  ancient  family  of  Spottiswood  of 
Spottiswood,  in  Lammermoor,  is  "  Patior  ut  Po- 
tiar." A  younger  son  of  that  family  was  in  the 
English  Church  in  the  reign  of  James  VI.  He 
was  at  one  time  Rector  of  Wells,  in  Norfolk ; 
and  afterwards  Bishop  of  Clogher,  in  Ireland. 
James  Spottiswood  was  his  name.  If  this  por- 
trait is  to  be  sold,  L.  M.  M.  R.  would  be  glad  to 
be  told  of  it.  L.  M.  M.  R. 

Chaeles  n.  (S'd  S.  xi.  421.)— I  had  consulted 
the  diaries  of  Pepys  and  Evelyn  ;  I  have  also  re- 
ferred to  Miss  Strickland's  Lives  of  the  Queens. 
All  these  lead  the  reader  to  infer  that  the  King 
escorted  the  Queen  from  Dover  to  London,  Miss 
Strickland  expressly  saying  that  on  the  2nd  of  No- 
vember they  went  from  Gravesend  to  London  by 
water.  Did  Charles  leave  his  mother  on  the  1st? 
because  there  appears  good  evidence  that  he  dined 
with  the  mayor  of  Faversham  on  that  day.  The 
following,  apparently  copied  from  the  Wardmote 
Book,  is  among  some  manuscript  notes  of  a  gentle- 
man deceased :  —  "  1660.  King  Charles  II.  dined 
with  the  mayor,  John  Trouts,  1st  November,  the 
expenses,  fees,  and  dues,  £56  6s.,  paid  by  the 
chamber."  .  Another  account  of  this  dinner  is  ex- 
tant in  manuscript.  It  enters  into  very  minute 
details  of  the  King's  behaviour;  how  he  would 
have  the  mayoress  out  of  the  kitchen,  where  she 
was  cooking,  to  kiss  her;  and  how  she  ''wiped 
her  mouth  "  before  she  was  kissed,  and  so  on,  aU 
tallying  very  well  with  Pepys's  account  {Diary, 
Nov.  2,  1660)  of  the  King's  progress  from  Dover 
to  London ;  but  there  seems  to  be  no  hint  what- 
ever respecting  the  presence  of  Henrietta  Maria. 
J.  M.  Cowpee. 

Colonial  Titles  :  "  Hoi^oeary,"  "  Esqtjiee." 
(S-'-i  S.  x.  352.)  —  There  appears  to  be  no  actual 
authority  for  the  use  of  the  prefix  and  affix,  but 
it  is  well  established  by  "'  colonial  official  prac- 
tice "  that  both  are  properly  used,  and  that  the 


486 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^d  S.  XI.  Jdne  15,  '67. 


omission  of  the  last  is  incorrect.  The  principle 
seems  to  be  that  the  person  intended  to  he  elevated 
by  the  prefix  is  already  an  Esquire,  and  that  upon 
receiving  the  additional  title,  he  uses  that  as  a  sign 
of  the  post  he  holds  or  once  held.  It  is  probable 
that  the  judges  first  used  the  prefix  Honourable 
and  the  affix  Esquire,  and  an  inquiry  into  their 
privileges  might  settle  the  authority  for  the  use  of 
both. 

The  Hon.  Arthur  (Alfred)  K— ,  Esq.  is  well 
understood ;  but  in  some  cases,  as  the  Hon.  Capt. 
L — ,  or  the  Hon.  Dr.  0 — ,  there  is  no  means  of 
distinguishing  the  official  prefix  from  the  courtesy 
one  adopted  by  the  sons  of  noblemen.  In  Tas- 
mania the  prefix  Honourable  is  allowed  to  mem- 
bers of  the  Executive  Council,  of  the  Legislative 
Council,  and  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  As- 
sembly by  a  despatch  from  the  Secretary  of  State 
for  the  Colonies,  and  is  notified  in  The  Gazette  for 
1857,  p.  57,  Government  Notice  No.  19,  January 
17,  1857. 

At  present  the  title  is  occasionally  conferred  for 
life  by  patent,  and  is  then  restricted  to  those  who 
were  three  years  members  of  a  ministry,  or  one 
year  premiers.  (See  Duke  of  Newcastle's  De- 
spatch, December  28,  1863,  in  GazeUe,  1864, 
pp.  1030,  1081 ;  Government  Notice  No.  81,  May 
16,  1864).  This  patent  was  suggested  by  Go- 
vernor Daly  of  South  Australia,  April  25  and 
October  21,  1863 ;  and  was  approved  by  the  Duke 
of  Newcastle,  August  6  and  December  28,  1863. 

The  Colonial  Office  refuses  to  recognise  the  use 
of  the  grant  under  patent  in  all  places  other  than 
the  colony  in  which  it  is  issued.  Some  of  the 
donees  have  desired  to  use  it  generally  even  in 
England.  J.  Mc  C.  B. 

Hobart  Town. 

Samttel  Lee  versus  CHRiSTorHEK  Kelly, 
Freemason,  in  re  "  The  Temple  of  Solomon-  " 
(S'"*  S.  xi.  375.)  —  I  possess  a  copy  of  Kelly's 
book,  printed  by  subscription  in  the  United  States, 
where  he  had  probably  emigrated,  like  his  fellow- 
countryman,  John  Searson,  whose  productions 
have  been  already  noticed  in  "N.  &  Q."  1^'  S. 
vii.  131 ;  viii.  176.  This  volume  has  two  title- 
pages  ;  the  first  of  which  is  as  follows :  — 

"  Solomon's  Temple  Spiritualized,  with  an  Account  of 
its  Destruction.  By  Christopher  Kelly.  [After  this  a 
•vvoodcut  of  the  two  pillars  of  the  Temple  and  other  de- 
vices.] Philadelphia:  Published  by  Robert  Desilver, 
No.  110,  Walnut  Street,  1820." 

The  second  page  gives  the  more  extended  title 
quoted  by  Eikionnach,  but  without  Kelly's  name, 
and  with  the  addition  of  the  twenty-seven  heads 
of  the  work ;  concluding  with  six  passages  from 
the  Bible.  Then  follows  the  "  Address  to  all  Free 
and  Accepted  Masons,"  succeeded  by  that  ''To 
the  Reader."  A  list  of  subscribers  occupies  three 
pages  at  the  end  of  the  book,  which  consists  of 
341  pages,  and  which  was  evidently  reprinted  in 


America  as  a  genuine  production  by  Christopher 
Kelly.     Is  anything  further  known  of  this  worthy 
and  his  literary  convexjings  ?      William  Kelly. 
Leicester. 

"  Collins  "  (S"""*  S.  xi.  406.) — Your  correspon- 
dent claims  to  derive  this  common  English  patro- 
nymic from  — (1)  a  foreign  family,  (2)  a  village 
in  Suffolk,  (3)  a  river  in  Scotland,  (4)  an  Irish 
sept  or  clan.  These  may  certainly,  where  clearly 
identified,  account  for  a  moderate  percentage  of 
Collinses;  but  surely  the  great  majority  must 
be  derived  from  the  homely  baptismal  name  of 
Colin,  so  dear  to  the  readers  of  Spenser. 

There  are  three  columns  of  them  in  the  Post  Office 
London  Directory,  and  they  would  for  the  most 
part  be  surprised  to  hear  about  a  griffin  segreant. 
The  word  Collins  is  no  corruption.  It  is  the 
genuine  Colin  or  his  son,  familiarly  Collie,  from 
which  we  have  Collinson,  Collison,  and  finally 
Collins.  The  prefix  Col,  from  which  we  have  our 
word  collar,  is  found  in  many  languages,  and 
means  variously — head,  knob,  butt,  the  summit  of 
a  hill,  a  defile  running  round  a  hill,  or  neck  of  a 
hill  generally.  Might  we  expand  it  into  doivns  ? 
With  the  terminal  ing  (as  Colling')  it  means  an 
inhabitant,  the  person  who  lives  at  or  by  a  col, 
as  Welling  means  one  who  lives  at  or  by  a  well ; 
Wooding,  one  who  lives  at  or  by  a  wood.  The 
appellation  is  of  great  antiquity  with  us.  It 
would  not  depend  for  its  increase  upon  the  spread 
or  growth  of  a  family,  but  would  spring  up  where- 
ever  the  formation  of  the  country  favoured  its 
appearance.  We  have  now  plenty  of  CoUings, 
Collingwoods,  &c. ;  and  it  must  have  existed  in 
England  prior  to  the  general  introduction  of 
Christianity,  when  it  took  as  a  baptismal  name 
the  form  of  Colin  in  pastoral  life.  H. 

Pair  of  Beads  (3"'  S.  xi.  327.)— A  rosary  is 
very  properly  called  so,  as  it  consists  of  two  strings 
of  beads  exactly  alike,  connected  together  in  the 
middle  by  a  cross.  We  have  yet  to  find  mention 
of  "  a  pair  of "  anything  which  does  not  imply 
duality  in  some  way.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

"  When  Adam  delved,"  etc.  {Z'^  S.  xi.  192, 
321,  429.)  —  Adam  may  have  been  lame  after  his 
expulsion  from  Paradise,  but  Mr.  Bladon  will, 
I  hope,  excuse  me  if  I  say  that  he  makes  a  very 
lame  case  in  favour  of  the  supposition.  A  very 
slight  alteration  will  make  sense  of  the  line  he 
quotes.     Instead  of 

"  Of  erthe  and  lame  as  was  Adam," 
read 

"  Of  erthe  and  loam  as  was  Adam," 
and  we  have,  I  think,  the  true  meaning  of  the  old 
writer.     It  is  to  be  regretted  that  Mr.  Bladon 
should  forget  where  he  has  seen  some  other  allu- 
sions to  the  lameness  of  Adam,  as  one  would  be 


3"^  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


487 


glad  to  know  whether  any  evidence  on  the  subject 
could  be  produced  that  had  really  a  "  leg  to  stand 
iipon."  C.  Wtlie. 

Mottoes  of  Sahjis  (S'*  S.  xi.  331.)  —  Thanks 
to  F.  C.  H.  I  trust  he  will  continue  the  list ;  but 
in  one  instance  he  is  in  error.  St.  Carlo  Barromeo 
did  not  assume  the  motto  "  Humilitas."  It  is 
the  old  motto  of  the  family  of  Barromeo,  and  was 
used  ages  before  the  saint  was  born.  I  have  seen 
it  beneath  stone  carvings  of  the  family  escutcheon 
in  medieval  castellos,  the  property  of  that  noble 
and  distinguished  race.  It  is  not  improbable  that 
some  of  the  other  mottoes  are  also  familv  ones. 
J.  H.'Dixo>^ 

Florence. 

Britaiit's  Bl'RSe  (3'-''  S.  xi.  416.)  — In  Fair- 
holt's  Satirical  Songs  on  Costume  (Percy  Soc), 
pp.  160-169,  is  a  poem  relating  to  the  New  Ex- 
change in  the  Strand.  It  is  reprinted  from  Wit 
Resto)-ed,  in  severall  select  Poems  not  formerly 
publish't  (1658) :  — 

"  We  will  go  no  more  to  the  Old  Exchange, 
There's  no  good  ware  at  all : 
Their  bodkins,  and  their  thimbles  too, 
Went  long  since  to  Guildhall. 
"  But  we  will  go  to  the  New  Exchange, 
Where  all  things  are  in  fashion ; 
And  we  will  have  it  henceforth  called 
The  Burse  of  Reformation." 

And  so  on  for  fifteen  verses.  K.  P.  D.  E. 

"  Caledonian  Hunt's  Delight  "  (3"»  S.  xi.  321.) 
Allow  me  space  to  thank  Mk.  Chappell  for  the 
trouble  he  has  taken  to  expose  the  falseness  of 
the  information  given  to  Burns  relative  to  the 
composition  of  the  air  in  question.  It  is  evident 
that  Burns  must  have  been  imposed  upon.  Mr. 
Chappell's  able  disquisition  does  not  touch  a 
question  which  I  ventured  to  put,  —  Whether  the 
same  musical  sound,  or  musical  idea,  ever  occurs 
spontaneously  and  independently  to  different 
minds  ?  I  venture  further  to  ask,  although  the 
fact  is  one  difficult  either  to  prove  or  disprove, — 
whether  it  be  not  possible,  and  even  probable,  with 
regard  to  some  of  those  airs  the  nationality  of 
which  has  been  disputed,  that  the  germ  of  them 
existed  with  the  original  stock,  and  was  retained 
by  more  than  one  of  its  branches  after  the  sepa- 
ration and  dispersion  of  its  tribes  ?  C.  M.  Q. 

Calligraphy  (3'*  S.  xi.  291,  401.)  —  From  a 
recent  bookseller's  catalogue  — 

"  Hugo  (H.)  de  Prima  Scribendi  Origine  et  universa 
Rei  litterarire  Antiquitate,  cui  Notas,  opusculum  de  scri- 
bis  adjecit  Trotz,  thick  8vo,  Plates  containing  specimens 
of  the  different  styles  of  Penmanship,  Ancient  Bookbind- 
ing, &c.    Trajecti  ad  Rhenum,  1738." 

The  same  catalogue  contains  Wright's  Court- 
hand  Restored,  1776.  I  have  a  folio  of  eight  plates 
(preceded  by  a  list  of  subscribers),  being  portraits 
of  the  royal  family  "  struck  vdth  the  pen  by  J.  P. 


Hemm."  There  does  not  appear  to  have  been  a 
title-page.  The  subscription  list,  however,  is  en- 
titled "  A  List  of  the  Subscribers  to  J.  P.  Hemm's 
Portraits  in  Penmanship  of  the  Eoyal  Family," 
and  at  the  foot,  "Published  by  Hemm,  Oliver, 
&  Co.  Nottingham,  January  3,  1831.  S.  Bennett, 
Printer,  Long  Row,  Nottingham."  The  subscribers 
are  chiefly  in  Lincolnshire,  Peterborough,  Birming- 
ham, Hull,  and  the  neighbourhood.  The  portraits 
are  those  of — (1)  George  IV.  (to  whom  the  work 
is  dedicated,  his  portrait  serving  also  for  a  dedica- 
tion page) ;  (2)  William  IV. ;  (3)  Duke  of  York ; 
(4)  Duke  of  Kent ;  (5)  Duke  of  Cumberland ;  (6) 
Duke  of  Sussex ;  (7)  Duke  of  Cambridge  ;  (8) 
Duke  of  Gloucester.  Some  of  these  plates  are  de- 
dicated to  the  admirers  of  "Fine  Writing,"  or  of 
the  "  Fine  Arts,"  or  of  "  Ornamental  Penman- 
ship." Nos.  1,  3,  6,  were  engraved  by  "  Alexan- 
der &  Co.,  1,  York  S',  Gov*  Garden,  London "  ; 
2,  5,  7,  by  "Goodwill  and  Lawson,  Hull";  4,  by 
"  J.  H.  Whiteman,  Bartlett's  Place,  Fetter  Lane," 
and  on  the  8th  is  no  engraver's  name.  The  heads 
(and  hands  and  feet  where  represented)  are  Utlio-  , 
g«a^64;  the  clothes  and  outlines  of  the  bodies 
are  done  in  ornamental  scrolls,  &c. 

I  have  two  old  "  family  "  writing-books,  both 
minus  several  leaves,  and  in  a  tattered  condition. 
The  first  is  one  by  Cocker,  beginning  with  D, 
"  Diligence  winnes  experience,"  &c.  The  second 
is  one  of  nine  leaves,  beginning  with  the  secretary 
alphabet — all  "  Champion,  scr.,  Bickham,  sculp." 
What  editions  are  they  ?  W.  C.  B. 

I  possess  the  following,  which  has  not,  I  think, 
been  noticed  in  your  pages :  — 

"  Natural  Writing  in  all  the  Hands,  with  Variety  of 
Ornament,  by  George  Shelley,  Master  of  the  Writing 
School  in  Christ's  Hospital.  G.  Bickham,  London,  Sculp- 
sit."    30  folios. 

"  The  Second  Part  of  Natural  Writing,  containing  the 
Breakes  of  Letters,  and  their  Dependance  on  each  other ; 
likewise  various  forms  of  business  written  in  the  most 
proper  hands,  and  also  variety  of  ornament  in  several 
Delightful  Fancies  and  Designs  ...  by  G.  Shelley  .  .  ." 
34  folios. 

Both  parts  were  "  Printed  and  sold  by  Thomas 
Bowles  in  St.  Paul's  Church  Y''ard,  and  John 
Bowles  at  Mercers'  Hall  in  Cheap  Side."  No 
date.    Probably  about  1712.  K.  P.  D.  E. 

Names  Wanted  (3"*  S.  xi.  313,  430.) —Not 
having  had  an  opportunity  of  correcting  the  press, 
my  manuscript  has  led  the  printer  into  a  mistake. 
The  sentence  which  I  wish  to  correct  should  stand 
thus  (p.  430)  :  — 

"  3.  .  .  .  The  plate  shows,  per  pale,  baron,  1  and  4, 
the  bugle  coat ;  2  and  3  Sandys  of  Ombersley.  Femme, 
azure  a  fesse  argent  between  three  mascles  or,  on  the 
fesse  three  cinqfoils  of  the  field.    Purnell. 

"  The  name  has  been  carefully  rubbed  out." 

I  now  add  to  No.  4,  that,  besides  Liptrap,  both 
Sherwood  and  Willis  bear  this  coat.      "Henry 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67. 


Sherwood,"  husband  of  the  authoress  Mrs.  Sher- 
wood, showed  it  on  his  book-plate.  A  book-plate 
of  "  Willis,"  the  design  of  which  places  it  in  the 
last  half  of  the  last  century,  shows  it.  "  John 
Lemon"  gave  the  coat,  with  the  chevron  gules; 
and  "  Sherlock  Willis,  1756,"  varying  from  the 
other  coat  of  the  name,  gave  his  chevron  gules 
also.  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 

JDe  QiriNCEY  (3"i  S,  xi.  397.)  —  Mr.  Young 
will  find  a  description  of  De  Quincey  in  Mae- 
millan's  Magazine  for  May,  1865,  under  the  head- 
ing "  Dead  Men  whom  I  have  known."  Professor 
Wilson  makes  him  take  part  in  some  of  the  con- 
versations in  "Noctes  Ambrosianse,"  in  which 
papers  there  are  also  many  allusions  to  him. 

Yados. 

Levesell  {S'^  S.  X.  508;  xi.  65.)  —This  word 
stands  marked  in  my  Prompt.  Parv.  for  further 
inq[uiry.  As  yet,  however,  I  have  held  the  opinion 
that  it  signifies  a  pent ;  whether  that  be  over  a 
window,  or  attached  to  the  house-wall  like  a 
verandah,  or  detached  as  a  shed.  The  same  ex- 
planation is  given,  I  find,  in  the  glossary  to  Bell's 
edition  of  Chaucer.  From  a  scene  in,  I  think, 
The  Merrt/  Devil  of  Edmonto7i,  we  learn  that 
taverns  had  sheds  or  booths  erected  in  front,  pro- 
bably gaily  painted,  like  the  striped  awnings  in 
front  of  cafes ;  and  used  as  resting  and  drinking 
rooms  by  the  commonalty,  or  by  the  retainers  of 
those  who  occupied  the  Dolphin  or  Lamb  within. 
Speght's  glossary  is  of  no  more  authority  in  this 
matter  than  are  the  guesses  by  others.  1  forbear 
guessing  at  the  etymology,  and  doubt  the  deriva- 
tions yet  suggested.  B.  NiCHOLSOiir. 

Chess  (3"»  S.  xi.  2.34,  389.)— The  opinion  ex- 
pressed by  Mr.  Pareitt,  that  the  game  repre- 
sented on  the  Egyptian  monuments  as  being  played 
by  two  players  may  be  chess  and  not  draughts, 
is,  in  my  judgment,  untenable.  Mr,  Parfitx  sup- 
ports his  hypothesis  by  a  quotation  from  Lane's 
Modern  Egyptians,  which  says :  — "  Their  chess- 
men are  of  very  simple  forms,  as  the  Moos'lim  is 
forbidden  by  his  religion  to  make  an  image  of 
anything  that  has  life."  Your  correspondent  then 
asks — "  Now,  may  not  this  religious  scruple  have 
pervaded  the  '  ancient '  Egyptians  as  well  as  the 
'  modern '  ?  "  I  answer  unhesitatingly  that  it  did 
not,  and  refer  him  simply,  as  one  proof  among 
many,  to  their  hieroglyphical  language,  the  figu- 
rative signs  of  which  are  expressed  in  the  delinea- 
tion of  man,  bird,  and  beast,  in  endless  variety. 
It  is  no  doubt  quite  possible  that,  with  a  simple 
form,  you  may  still  combine  a  characteristic  dif- 
ference in  certain  of  the  chess  pieces  ;  such  dis- 
tinction in  fact  is  indispensable,  that  is  to  say,  the 
King,  Queen,  Rook,  Bishop  and  Knight  must  all 
be  capable  of  separate  identification,    otherwise 


you  cannot  have  the  game  of  chess  at  all.  Now 
the  pieces  of  the  Egyptian  game  are  thus  described 
by  Sir  Gardner  Wilkinson,  as  quoted  by  Pro- 
fessor Forbes  in  his  History  of  Chess,  p.  247:  — 
"  The  pieces  were  all  of  the  same  size  and  form, 
though  they  varied  in  different  boards,  some  being 
small,  others  large  with  round  summits."  This 
uniformity  in  the  pieces  is  utterly  fatal  to  the  idea 
that  these  ancient  Egyptian  drawings  represent 
chess  play.  Again,  it  is  acknowledged  as  an 
indisputable  fact,  that  chess  was  invented  in  India 
at  an  almost  fabulously  remote  period,  and  that  it 
was  not  until  the  sixth  century  of  our  era  that  it 
found  its  way  to  Persia,  from  which  country  its 
progress  westward  is  minutely  traced  by  Pro- 
fessor Forbes  in  his  admirable  history  of  the 
game.  How  is  it  possible,  then,  that  the  ancient 
Egyptians  could  have  been  acquainted  with  chess, 
unless,  indeed,  we  are  to  believe  that  it  was  an 
invention  of  their  own,  as  well  as  of  the  Hin- 
dostanees  ?  H.  A.  Kennedy. 

Gay  Street,  Bath. 

A  Bold  Preacher  (3'''^  S.  ix,  350.) — A  similar 
story  is  told  of  Robert  Bruce,  minister  at  Edin- 
burgh, when  preaching  before  James  VI.,  and  is 
probably  the  one  which  Fitzhopkins  has  else- 
where seen.     It  is  as  follows :  — 

"  One  day  he  was  preaching  before  his  Majesty  at 
Edinburgh,  and  the  King  was  sitting  in  his  own  seat, 
with  several  of  the  nobility  waiting  on  him.  The  King 
had  a  custom  very  frequently  of  talking  with  those  about 
him  in  time  of  sermon.  This  he  fell  into  that  daj'.  Mr. 
Bruce  soon  noticed  it,  and  stopped,  upon  which  the  King 
gave  over.  The  King  fell  a  talking  to  those  next  him  a 
second  time,  and  Mr.  Bruce  stopped  a  second  time, 
and,  if  I  remember,  sat  down  in  his  seat.  When  the 
King  noticed  this  he  gave  over,  and  Mr.  Bruce 
went  on  in  his  subject.  A  third  time  the  King  fell  a 
talking.  Mr.  Bruce  was  very  much  grieved  that  the 
King  should  continue  in  this  practice,  after  the  modest 
reproofs  he  had  already  upon  the  matter  given  hira  ;  and 
so  a  third  time  he  stopped,  and  directing  himself  to  the 
King,  he  expressed  himself  to  this  purpose :  '  It's  said  to 
have  been  an  expression  of  the  wisest  of  kings  (I  suppose 
he  meaned  an  apocryphal  saying  of  Solomon's)  :  When 
the  lion  roareth,  all  the  beasts  of  the  field  are  at  ease ; 
the  Lion  of  the  Tribe  of  Judah  is  now  roaring,  in  the 
voice  of  his  Gospel,  and  it  becomes  all  the  petty  kings  of 
the  earth  to  be  silent.'  " — Wodrow's  Life  of  Bruce.T^.  154, 
Wodrow  Society. 

W.  R.  C. 

Glasgow. 

Topographical  Queries  (3'"^  S.  xi.  314.)  — 
Mr.  Philip  S.  King  will  find  the  localities  of  the 
places  he  mentions,  or  most  of  them,  in  the  l8th 
(the  last)  edition  of  Paterson's  Roads,  by  Mogg, 
which  was  published  I  should  suppose  in  1829, 
although  not  so  stated.  W.  H.  W.  T. 

Somerset  House. 

Will  you  allow  me  to  say  I  believe  the  mansion 
of  the  "Farringtons,  at  Chiselhurst,  was  never 
called  Bertie  Place.  When  the  last  Farrington 
died,  it  passed  to  his  elder  sister,  Mrs.  Selwyn ; 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


and  through  her  daughter  to  the  Townsends, 
Viscount  Sydney.  Thus  his  younger  sister,  mar- 
ried to  the  first  Duke  of  Ancaster,  never  owned  it 
at  all,  though  there  are  monuments  of  various 
Berties  in  Chiselhurst  church.      A  Connectiois. 

Grapes  (S''*  S.  xi.  376.)  —  The  Eomans  were 
fond  of  grapes,  and,  like  the  Greeks,  they  had  re- 
course to  several  means  in  order  to  preserve  them 
during  almost  the  whole  year.  See  Plin.  (Har- 
duini)  H.  N.  xv.  18 ;  Varro,  Be  R.  R.  i.  58  ; 
Columell.  De  R.  R.  xii.  43.  They  were  served 
to  the  guests  with  the  second  course  — 

"...  turn  pensilis  uva  secundas 

Et  nux  ornabat  mensas " 

Horat.  Sat.  ii.  ii.  121,  122. 
"  Mensae  munera  si  voles  secundse, 
Marcentes  tibi  porrigentur  uvas." 

Martial,  v.  79. 

A.  D.  F. 

"  The  Lass  op  Eichmond  Hill  "  (S'^  S.  xi.  343, 
362,  445.) — I  can  assure  J.  H.  D.  that  I  was  per- 
fectly serious  in  my  supposition  that  the  idea  to 
which  I  referred  had  a  French  origin.  I  may, 
however,  have  misled  him  by  calling  the  chan- 
sonette  to  which  I  referred  old.  I  found  it  in 
some  French  author  of  the  last  century,  and 
copied  it  into  a  commonplace  hook.  J.  H.  D. 
will  hardly,  I  think,  maintain  that  the  habit  of 
borrowing  from  French  sources  was  less  rare  then 
than  it  confessedly  is  now. 

J.  H.  D.  will,  however,  observe  that  I  most 
carefully  guarded  myself  against  making  any 
charge  of  deliberate  plagiarism.  I  did  this  from 
my  firm  conviction  that  in  many  cases  an  expres- 
sion may  have  so  struck  a  person  that  he  uncon- 
sciously uses  it  without  the  smallest  recollection 
of  whence  he  derived  it,  or  the  least  intention  to 
put  it  forward  as  an  original  idea ;  nay,  even  with- 
out the  smallest  suspicion  that  the  idea  had  been 
used  before. 

_  Many  years  ago  I  made  a  collection  of  these 
similar  passages  as  they  occurred  to  me,  which, 
now  that  my  attention  has  been  called  to  the  sub- 
ject, I  may  send  from  time  to  time  to  "N.  &  Q." 
I  now  give  one,  in  which  any  idea  of  plagiarism  is 
entirely  out  of  the  question.  In  Ockley's  History 
of  the  Saracens  we  have  this  passage — a^.  Hegira 
54,  A.D.  673 :  — 

"  This  year  Moawiyah  deposed  Samrah,  deputy  over 
Basorah.  As  soon  as  Samrah  heard  this  news,  he'said — 
•  God  curse  Moawiyah.  If  I  had  served  God  so  well  as  I 
have  served  him,  he  would  never  have  damned  me  to  all 
eternity.' " 

Compare  this  with  Wolsey's 
"  Had  I  but  served  my  God  with  half  the  zeal 
I  served  my  king,  he  would  not  in  mine  age 
Have  left  me  naked  to  my  enemies."- 

Rttsticus. 
Octave  Dats  in  the  English  Church  (3'''* 
S.  xi.  243,  450.)— In  the  opinion  of  W.  H.  S.   I 


i  have  made  too  sweeping  an  assertion  in  saying 
j  that  "  the  observance  of  octave  days  was  discon- 
i  tinned  by  the  Established  Church  in  England." 
It  is  true  that,  as  he  observes,  a  proper  preface  is 
appointed  to  be  used  upon  certain  feasts,  and  for 
seven  days  after;  but  this  does  not  controvert  my 
assertion.  I  spoke  not  of  days  within  octaves, 
but  of  the  octave  day,  that  is,  of  the  observance 
of  the  dies  octava  of  such  a  feast.  For  instance, 
in  the  old  English  calendars,  before  the  change 
of  religion,  we  find  the  Utas,  or  Octave  Day,  ^- 
ways  marked  for  especial  observance.  Thus  at 
the  beginning  of  January  we  have,  on  the  2nd, 
Utas  of  St.  Steven ;  on  the  3rd,  Utas  of  St.  John 
Evangelist;  on  the  4th,  Utas  of  Childremasse 
Day;  and  on  the  13th,  Utas  of  Twelfthe  Day. 
S.  Illari  bischop.  Now  certainly  the  observance 
of  the  Octave  Day  has  disappeared  from  the 
calendar  of  the  Established  Church  of  England ; 
and  of  the  several  days  within  an  octave  there 
remains  but  the  mere  skeleton  of  a  particular  pre- 
face on  those  days.  I  cannot  therefore  admit  that 
my  assertion  was  too  sweeping.  F.  C.  H. 

Farren  or  Farran  Family  (2"''  S.  vii.  279, 
443.)  —  A  former  query  as  to  the  descent  of  the 
Farran  family  has  elicited  so  little  information, 
that  I  venture  to  answer  it  in  part,  and  request 
further  particulars.  The  Farrans  are  traditionally 
said  to  be  a  refugee  family  who  came  over  to 
England  on  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 
Your  correspondent  F.  G.  describes  their  arms 
as — Argent,  a  fess  gules  between  three  horse- 
shoes ;  but  does  not  give  a  reference  to  the  source 
whence  his  information  is  derived,  further  than 
that  this  was  the  coat  impaled  by  Edward,  twelfth 
Earl  of  Derby,  who  married  Elizabeth  Farran, 
the  celebrated  actress.  Burke's  Peerage  calls  her 
Eliza ;  but  this  is,  I  believe,  an  error.  She  was  the 
sole  survivor  of  seven  children,  the  issue  of  George 
Farran  of  Cork,  surgeon,  by  his  wife,  a  daughter 
of  one  Wright,  a  brewer  in  Liverpool.  This 
George  was  probably  the  son  or  grandson  of  a 
Farran  who  lived  in  Yorkshire,  who  was  the  son 
of  Richard  Farran,  a  silversmith,  who  lived  in 
Dublin.  Besides  the  son  who  is  presumed  to  be 
the  ancestor  of  the  Countess  of  Derby,  he  had 
another  who  was  father  of  Joseph  Farran,  who 
held  some  appointment  in  the  Exchequer  in 
Dublin,  who  had  issue ;  from  whence  come  the 
present  representatives  of  the  Farrans,  and  whom 
I  am  desirous  of  tracing.  One  of  these,  John 
Farran  of  Moorfields,  London,  married  an  illegiti- 
mate daughter  of  Sir  John  Hinde  Cotton,  Bart., 
and  had  issue  John  and  Robert. 

In  Burn's  History  of  Fleet  Registers,  it  is  stated 
that  John  Farran,  surgeon,  of  St.  Matthew's, 
Friday  Street,  and  Sarah  Lupton  of  the  same, 
were  married  at  the  Fleet,  July  14,  1742.  Can 
his  connection  with  the  above  persons  be  ascer- 
tained ?  G.  W.  M. 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  JuxE  15,  '67. 


St.  Michael  and  Haberdashery  (S'"*  S.  xi. 
418.)  —  My  best  thanks  to  Mr.  John  Addis,  and 
to  all  who  will  point  out  difficulties  or  inaccura- 
cies in  our  Early  English  Text  Society's  books. 
The  last  three  lines  of  the  stanza  quoted,  mean : 

"  Be  entire  master  to  them  of  good  conveying  (i.  e.  of 
good  purveyance)  ;  let  them  have  linen  and  wool  for 
vesture  without  fail ;  I  beseech  thee,  be  not  strange 
(averse)  to  counsel  them." 

As  to  the  last  of  these  lines,  Mrs.  Jameson,  in 
her  Sacred  and  Legendary  AH,  has  a  passage 
■which  is  much  to  the  point.     She  says :  — 

"  I  must  not  omit  that  St.  Michael  is  considered  as  the 
angel  o^  good  counsel, — that  'le  vrai  office  de  Monseigneur 
Saint  Michel  est  de  faire  grandes  revelations  aux  hommes 
en  has,  en  leur  donuant  moult  saints  conseils,'  and  in 
particular,  '  sur  le  bon  nourissement  que  le  pere  et  la 
mere  donnent  a  leurs  enfans.'  " 

If  the  word  nourissement  is  intended  to  include 
bodily  nourishment,  it  would  seem  but  natural 
that  a  saint  so  solicitous  about  food  should  have 
some  regard  to  raiment.  But  I  should  be  glad  of 
further  information. 

Walter  W.  Skeat. 
(Editor  of  the  Jio7nans  of  Partenay.) 

Cambridge. 

John  Paslew,  Abbot  of  Whallet  (S'*  S.  xi. 
417.)  —  Dk.  will  find  a  considerable  amount  of 
information  anent  this  individual  in  the  first 
volume  of  Roby's  Traditions  of  Lancashire. 

Wm.  Pickard. 

28,  Meadow  Street,  Sheffield. 

Dk.  will  find  a  good  deal  of  information  con- 
cerning John  Paslew,  the  last  Abbot  of  Whalley, 
who  was  executed  for  his  share  in  the  Pilgrimage 
of  Grace,  in  Mr.  Harrison  Ainsworth's  novel,  The 
Lancashire  Witches.  He  is  there  styled  the  "  Earl 
of  Poverty,"  but  the  reason  for  the  application  of 
this  singular  title  to  him  I  am  unable  to  assign. 
A  slab  is  still  pointed  out  in  the  interesting  old 
church  at  Whalley,  said  traditionally  to  cover 
the  remains  of  the  unfortunate  abbot,  and  bearing 
the  brief  epitaph  —  "  Miserere  Mei."  He  is  re- 
ported to  have  been  executed  within  sight  of  his 
own  monastery;  but  the  other  north-country 
abbots  concerned  in  this  formidable  insurrection 
8ufi"ered  in  London.  There  is  still  to  be  seen  in 
the  Tower,  on  the  wall  of  his  prison,  the  carving 
of  Adam  Sedbergh,  or  Sedbury,  the  last  Prior  of 
Jerveaux  Abbey,  in  Wensleydale,  who  took  a 
prominent  part  amongst  the  insurger:ts.  The  in- 
surrection, as  is  well  known,  ensued  on  the  sup- 
pression of  the  monasteries,  and  ended  in  the 
total  defeat  of  the  rebels.  Oxoniensis. 

Horsmonden,  co.  Kent. 

The  Hymn,  ''Ah,  lovely  appearance  oe 
Death  "  {^"^  S.  xi.  414.) — I  am  strongly  inclined 
to  doubt  the  truth  of  the  statement  that  the  above 
hymn  was  written  by  John,  and  not  Charles,  Wes- 
ley.    The  style  of  the  hymn  is  much  like  Charles' 


fervent  and  impulsive  utterance,  and  unlike  the 
severer  taste  of  his  more  sober  brother  John. 
There  is  one  piece  of  evidence  which,  if  it  may  be 
relied  upon,  settles  the  question  of  authorship. 
i  Adam  Clarke,  in  his  Wesley  Family,  speaking  of 
one  of  the  sisters  of  the  Wesleys,  Mrs.  Hall  I 
believe,  says  she  never  liked  her  hrothei-  Charles^ 
hymn,  "Ah,  lovely  appearance  of  death,"  but 
her  favourite  hymn  was  "  Rejoice  for  a  brother 
deceased."  These  are  not  the  exact  words,  as  I 
quote  from  memory  only.  I.  J. 

Scottish  Highlanders  in  America  (3''''  S. 
xi.  397.)— 

"  'Twas  thus  when  to  Quebec's  proud  heights  afar 
Wolfe's  chivalry  roU'd  on  the  surge  of  war  ; 
The  hardy  Highlander,  so  fierce  before, 
Languidly  lifted  up  the  huge  claymore  : 
To  him  the  bugle's  mellow  note  was  dumb, 
And  ev'n  the  rousing  thunders  of  the  drum, 
Till  the  loud  pibroch  sounded  in  the  van, 
And  led  to  battle  forth  each  dauntless  clan. 
On  rush  the  brave — the  plaided  chiefs  advance, 
The  line  resounds, '  Lochiel's  awa'  to  France ' : 
With  vig'rous  arm  the  faulchion  lift  on  high. 
Fight  as    their  fathers  fought,  and  like  their  fathers 
die"! 

From  "  Fragments  on  the  Association  of  Ideas  "  in 
Wallace,  or  the  Vale  of  JSllerslie,  with  other 
Poems,  by  John  Finlay.  3rd  edit.  Glasgow,  1817. 

Mr.  Finlay,  the  author  of  the  above  lines,  was 
the  editor  of  a  much-esteemed  Collection  of  Scottish 
Historical  and  Romantic  Ballads,  with  Explana- 
tory Notes  and  a  Glossary  (2  vols.  8vo.  Edinb. 
1808),  and  gave  promise  of  eminence  as  a  poet 
and  critic,  but  died  in  early  life.         J.  Macray. 

Spanish  Saying  (3''''  S.  ix.  37.)  — In  your  ex- 
planation of  this  proverb,  you  have  quoted  it  as 
ending  with  the  word  carretas.  In  the  Spanish 
Dictio7iary  by  Capt.  John  Stevens  (4to,  Lond. 
1726)  at  the  word  adevino,  the  proverb  is  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

"  Adevino  de  Valderas,  quando  corren  las  canales,  que 
se  mojan  las  carreras." 

"  The  fortune-teller  of  Valderas  can  foretel  that  when 
the  spouts  run,  the  streets  are  wet." 

"  A  proverb  to  ridicule  those  who  tell  what  is  obvious 
and  known  to  all  the  world,  as  a  matter  of  great  discovery 
or  knowledge." 

Valderas  may  be  an  abbreviation  (to  rhyme  with 
carreras^  of  Val-del-arenas,  a  market  town  of 
Spain,  in  the  province  of  Guadalajara. 

H.  J.  Fennell. 

Dublin. 

Seaford  (3''^  S.  xi.  379.)  —  In  1863  I  spent 
several  months  at  Seaford  for  my  health's  sake, 
and  during  that  time  I  made  many  inquiries  and 
a  few  discoveries.  I  have  been  at  many  other 
places  in  my  life,  but  I  was  never  at  one  where 
the  spirit  of  "S'andalism  more  prevailed.  It  is  not 
at  all  wonderful  that  when  they  professed  to  "  re- 
store "  the  church  just  before  my  visit,  they  sold 
the  bones  of  their  "  rude  forefathers  "  to  be  ground 


3'«  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


up  for  manure.  I  know  that  the  natives  carted 
away  the  dust  and  lesser  bones  of  their  ancestors 
among  the  rubbish  and  as  rubbish.  The  materials 
removed  when  the  church  floor  was  lowered  were 
conveyed  to  the  meadow  before  the  rectory,  and 
were  spread  over  the  surface  for  the  double  pur- 
pose of  raising  and  manuring  the  ground.  I  often 
walked  to  and  fro  over  this  mingled  mass  of  out- 
cast humanity  and  consecrated  ground,  and  my 
meditations  were  assisted  by  many  a  memento  in 
the  form  of  fragments  of  human  bones,  coffin  orna- 
ments, &c.  You  will  not  wonder  to  learn  that  the 
gravestones  and  monuments  were  some  of  them 
dealt  with  in  the  most  scandalous  manner,  broken 
and  cast  away.  I  will  not  say  more,  but  I  wish 
to  record  my  amazement  that  such  mischief  should 
be  perpetrated  almost  under  the  nose  of  Mr. 
Lower,  the  historian,  and  a  freeman  of  Seaford. 
By  way  of  authentication  I  append  my  name. 

B.  H.  COWPER. 

Smolleit's  "Humphrey  Clinker"  {S'^  S.  xi. 
353.) — In  answer  to  the  query,  who  was  the  Mr. 

R C referred  to  in  Humj)hrey  Clinker,  as 

the  subject  of  the  whimsical  commission  from 
Mr.  Quin,  it  was  Mr.  Robert  Cullen,  advocate,  son 
of  the  famous  Dr.  Cullen,  and  who  Anally  became 
a  judge  in  the  Court  of  Session  under  the  name  of 
Lord  Cullen.  As  may  be  judged  from  Smollett's 
story,  he  was  a  man  of  wit  and  pleasure ;  but  his 
most  noted  peculiarity  (see  Henry  Cockburn's 
Memo7'ials  of  his  Oivn  Time)  was  a  wonderful 
power  of  similation,  enabling  him  to  assume  the 
voice,  name,  and  style  of  mental  effusion  of  any 
one  known  to  him,  R.  C 

Athenaeum  Club. 

Megilp  (S''''  S.  xi.  417.)— But  is  this  word  ever 
spelt  "  M"  Guelp,"  except  when  so  transformed 
by  Thackeray  to  make  a  name  for  a  Scotch 
artist  ?  X.  C. 

In  Painting  Popularly  Explained,  Messrs.  Gul- 
lick  and  Timbs  state  that  the  preparation  which 
they  call  meguilp  was  named  after  its  inventor. 
St.  Swithin. 

Tombstones  and  their  Inscriptions  (3'^  S. 
xi.  429.) — Although  one  will  be  glad  to  welcome 
Mr.  Brown's  forthcoming  record  of  the  epitaphs 
in  the  Greyfriars  Churchyard  in  Edinburgh,  it 
may  be  as  well  to  mention  that  all  those  of  his- 
torical importance  are  to  be  found  in  Maitland's 
History  of  that  city,  and  also  that  a  collection  of 
them  was  printed  in  a  thin  octavo,  if  I  remember 
correctly,  published  in  1817.  I  suspect,  how- 
ever, that  the  circulation  of  the  latter  was  very 
limited,  and  confined  to  families  who,  like  my 
own,  have  near  and  dear  relatives  buried  therein. 

I  am,  however,  rather  afraid  that  the  "  ela- 
borate historical  introduction "  will  go  far  to 
swamp  the  whole  affair ;  for  who  can  be  bored  at 


the  present  day  with  lamentations  over  Argyle,  or 
the  unfortimate  rebels  who  were  confined  in  the 
said  churchyard  ?  George  Yere  Irving. 

Termination  "Royd"  (S'-d  S.  xi.  414.)  — 
References  might  be  repeated  to  Whitaker's 
TJ'halley,  3rd  edit.,  364;  Lower's  Patronymics, 
3rd  edit. ;  Hulton's  WhalleyCoucher  Book,  &c.  &c. ; 
but  the  shortest  is  to  "N.  &  Q."  itself  (1^*  S.  v. 
571),  where  the  whole  subject  is  discussed  and 
explained.  Lancastriensis. 

LiNKiTMDODDiE  (S'"*  S.  xi.  77.) — The  following 
remarks  are  appended  to  the  song,  "  Sic  a  wife 
as  Willie  had,"  by  Burns,  in  Cunningham's  Songs 
of  Scotland,  Ancient  and  Modern  (vol,  iv.  p.  148), 
London  1825 :  — 

"  Who  the  unhappy  AVillie  Wastle  of  Burns  was,  is  of 
no  importance  to  know,  and  it  is  vain  to  inquire  :  for 
perhaps 'Linkumdoddie'  and  '  Tinkler  Madgie '  never  had 
a  name  and  local  habitation  except  in  song." 

J,  Manuel. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

Portrait  of  Sir  Robert  Aytoun  (3'''  S.  xi, 
437.) — In  answer  to  Scotus,  I  beg  to  state  that 
at  the  period  when  I  edited  the  Poems  of  Sir 
Robert  Aytoim  (not  Alton,  which  is  a  corrupt 
form  of  the  name),  twenty-three  years  ago,  I 
made  every  inquiry  as  to  a  portrait  of  the  poet, 
among  the  members  of  the  Aytoun  family  and 
otherwise,  but  without  any  satisfactory  result. 
But  his  statue  in  Westminster  Abbey,  which 
has  been  thrice  engraved,  represents  what  may 
be  regarded  as  a  correct  likeness  of  the  bard, 
Scotus  may  find  some  particulars  respecting 
Aytoun  which  may  be  new  to  him,  in  my  edition 
of  his  Poems,  and  in  my  Traits  and  Stories  of  the 
Scottish  People.  Charles  Rogers,  LL.D. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

"  Shore  "  por  "  Sewer  "  (3'"  S.  xi.  397,  448.) 
JMay  I  ask  you  to  correct  a  misprint  on  p.  448  ? 
My  name,  as  appended  to  what  seems  to  be  a  post- 
script to  the  letter  of  C.  A.  W.,  ought  to  be  struck 
out,  as  I  did  not  send  the  information  that  shore 
is  still  in  use  in  Scotland,  though  I  dare  say  it  is 
true  enough.  Of  course,  shore  is  no  more  obsolete 
than  is  the  Great  Eastern  Terminus  at  Shoreditch, 
Perhaps  some  travellers  hj  that  line  wisli  it  was. 
Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Tooth-sealing  (3""  S.  x.  390 ;  xi.  450.)— 

Ancient  deed-writers,  to  confirm  the  truth, 
Would  seal  their  weighty  parchments  with  a  tooth  ; 
Of  such  a  signature,  'twould  scarce  surprise  one 
To  know  it  did  not  alwaj'S  prove  a  tvise  one  : 
Why,  who  that's  once  been  hit,  would  ever  venture 
To  speculate  on  such  a  rude  m-dent-tuK ! 

F.  Phillott. 

Thomas  Cooper  {^'^  S.  xi.  417.)— E.  H.  C,  is 
referred  to  a  statement  in  Burke's  Armon/,  from 
whence  it  appears  that  Thomas  Cooper,  Colonel  in 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S^d  S.  XI.  June  15,  '67. 


Cromwell's  army,  called  to  the  Protector's  Upper 
House  in  1658,  is  now  represented  by  the  family 
of  Thomas  Beale  Cooper,  M.D.,  of  Mansion  House, 
Bengeworth,  Esq.,  whose  pedigree  may  probably 
be  found  in  that  author's  Landed  Gmitry. 

PiNGATORIS, 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Egypt's  Place  in  Universal  Bistort/  :  an  Historical  Inves- 
tigation in  Five  Books.  By  C.  C.  J.  Baron  Bunsen, 
D.Ph.  D.C.L.  and  D.D.  [/?t  Five  Volumes.']  Vol.  I. 
Second  Edition,  ivith  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Samuel 
Birch,  LL.D.,  1867.  Vols.  II.  III.  and  IV.  Vol.  V. 
(completion)  translated  from  the  German  by  C.  H.  Cot- 
trell.  M.A.,  with  Additions  by  S.  Birch,  LL.D.  With 
upwards  of  7,500  Original  Hieroglyphical  Illustrations 
reduced  from  Ancient  Egyptian  Remains.  (Longman 
&Co.) 

It  would  be  as  presumptuous  as  it  certainly  -would  be 
impossible  for  us,  in  the  limited  space  which  we  can 
devote  to  such  purpose,  to  attempt  to  do  justice  to  the 
learning  and  importance  of  this  great  storehouse  of 
Eg}'ptological  learning.  We  must  content  ourselves, 
therefore,  with  calling  the  attention  of  our  readers  to  the 
present  issue  of  this  great  work ;  and  briefly  noting,  for 
their  information,  the  nature  of  the  five  goodly  volumes 
in  which  the  labours  of  the  learned  author  and  his 
scarcely  less  learned  translator  and  illustrators  are  com- 
prised." Of  the  first  volume,  the  original  edition  was 
published  some  sixteen  years  since — a  period  during 
which  immense  strides  have  been  made  in  the  knowledge 
of  the  Egyptian  language  and  literature,  both  by  Con- 
tinental and  English  students.  The  necessary  task  of 
pruning  some  parts,  and  eiJarging  other  parts  of  the 
volume,  so  as  to  bring  it  up  to  the  present  standard  of 
Egyptology,  has  been  entrusted  to  Dr.  Birch,  than  whom 
there  exists  no  scholar  in  Europe  to  whom  the  task  could 
be  more  fitly  or  safely  entrusted.  The  second,  third,  and 
fourth  volumes  have  undergone  no  alterations  ;  and  the 
fifth,  which  completes  this  great  work,  is  now  published 
for  the  first  time,  and  is  copiously  illustrated  from  re- 
mains of  ancient  Egyptian  art,  comprising  the  Epilogue, 
or  Problems  and  Key— next,  "The  Funereal  Ritual,  or 
Book  of  the  Dead  "—the  difficulty  of  translating  which, 
especially  of  certain  chapters  and  sentences,  is  too  well 
known  to  Egj'ptologists  to  make  any  apology  for  doubts 
or  corrections  necessarj-.  The  present  is  the  first  attempt 
to  give  the  whole  as  it  is  seen  in  the  Turin  copy,  and  to 
convey  any  correct  idea  of  this  m3'stical,  or,  as  it  may  be 
called,  magical  work.  This  is  followed  by  the  Dictionary, 
which  occupies  some  two  hundred  and  fifty  pages,  and 
is  the  only  Dictionary  printed  in  this  country.  Indeed, 
the  only  Hieroglyphical  Dictionary  which  has  appeared 
elsewhere  is  that  of  ChampoUion,  published  in  18-11, 
which  contained  only  a  few  of  the  principal  words. 
The  dictionary  is  phonetic  in  its  arrangement,  the  words 
being  placed  "under  the  phonetic  value  of  the  signs  at  the 
time  of  compilation.  A  reference  to  the  place  where  it 
maj'  be  found  is  given  with  each  word,  but  it  was  not 
possible,  without  exceeding  the  limits  of  this  work,  to 


give  in  every 


instance  the  name  of  the  discoverer  of  its 


meaning.  The  hieroglyphic  type  used  in  this  volume  has 
been  made  by  the  direction  of  the  publishers,  and  cast  by 
Mr.  R.  Branston  from  designs  drawn  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Bonomi.  It  is  the  sole  hieroglyphical  "fount  in  this 
country.  In  the  Egyptian  Grammar,  a  scarcely  less  im- 
portant addition,  the  student  will  find  a  much  fuller  ac- 
count of  the  structure  of  the  language  than  in  that  of 


ChampoUion,  published  in  1836,  since  whose  time  many 
remarkable  and  valuable  discoveries  have  been  made  va. 
this  branch  of  the  subject,  and  which  are  essential  to  the 
study  of  the  language.  The  Chrestomathy  of  texts,  with 
interlinear  transcriptions  and  translations,  has  been  se- 
lected with  a  view  to  theii-  historical  importance,  those 
most  essential  for  history  and  chronology  ha\ing  been 
taken  in  preference  to  more  extended  texts.  The  intro- 
duction of  these  texts,  accompanied  by  their  translations, 
shows  the  method  of  interpretation,  and  adds  a  complete- 
ness to  the  present  volume  not  attainable  without  the  aid 
of  hieroglyphical  type.  A  general  Index  to  the  five 
volumes  concludes  the  work,  and  converts  it  into  what 
may  well  be  denominated  an  Encyclopaedia  of  Egyptologj-. 
The  Posthumous  Papers  of  the  Pickwick  Club.    By  Charles 

Dickens.       With    Eight  Illustrations.      {The    Charles 

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This,  the  Author's  edition  of  his  works,  is  appropriately 
and  affectionately  dedicated  by  him  to  "  John  Forster," 
of  whom  it  may  be  trulj'  said  that  one  of  his  charac- 
teristics is  the  "steadfastness  of  his  friendship.  If  any 
stimulus  were  needed  to  induce  readers  to  take  up  for 
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English  life  and  character,  he  has  certainly  furnished 
them  with  such  an  excuse  in  this  new  issue  of  them, 
which  is  at  once  handsome,  readable,  and  marvellously 
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delay.  (2)  Thes(^  bonds  are  not  uncommon.  We  have  alreadij  printed 
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T.  F.    The  Holy  Bible  o^l620-l  is  not  considered  rare. 

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[3'd  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67. 


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TRANSACTIONS   OF    THE    LOGGERVILLE 
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3'''i  S.  XI,  June  22,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


493 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  22,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— N»  286. 

NOTES :  —  Catcbera's  Corner,  Sodom,  and  Hell  Lane,  &c., 
493  —  The  O'Shee  Coat  Armorial,  494  —  Origin  of  a  French 
Proverb  — The  Royal  Christening—  Roman  Alphabet  — 
"Walsh  of  Castle  Jloel  —  Sir  Robert  Walpole's  first  Wife  — 
Anagrams,  495. 

QUERIES :  —  Passaee  in  Lord  Bacon  —  Cannon,  Canna 
Barn  —  Chesterfield's  Plagiarism  —  Clocks  and  Watches— 
Ejjitaph  on  a  Cavalier  —  Franklin's  Prayer-book  —  He- 
raldic-Holy Isles  — The  Iron  Hand  of  Gotz  von  Ber- 
lichingen  —  Irish  Confiscations  of  Lands  —  Numismatic  — 
Old  Painting  —  Perj  ury  —  Passage  in  St.  Augustine  —  Wil- 
liam Sharp,  Surgeon?  — The  Somerset  Family— Col.  Sut- 
cliffe:  John  Wyatt,  49G. 

QUEKiES  vriTH  Answers  :  —  Kidder  Family  —  The  Ballad 
on  Captain  Glen  —  Leslie —"  Cold  Shoulder  "— Sode — 
The  Style  "Dei  Gratia"  — Arms  in  St. "Winnow  Church, 
497. 

REPLIES:  — Runic  Inscription  at  St.  Molio,  499  —  Pews  : 
Podium,  500  —  Quarter-Master,  &c.,  501  —  Florentine  Cus- 
tom, lb.  —  James  Hamilton  of  Bothwellhaugh,  the  Assas- 
sin of  the  Reg(uit  Moray,  502— Richard  Deane,  the  Regicide 
—  Hannah  Lightfoot  —  Caress—  Griffin  —  The  Songs  of 
Birds  —  Palindromic  (or  Sotadic)  "V'erse  —  Turpin's  or 
Nevinson's  Ride  to  York  —  "  Blanket  of  the  Dark "  — 
"Histoire  des  Diables  Modernes  "  — Parody  on  "Hohen- 
linden"  —  Amateur  Hop-pickers  —  Calthorpe  —  But- 
terfly—Napoleon—Passage attributed  to  Macrobius  — 
Colonel  John  Burch  —  Christ  a  Yoke-maker  —  Prince 
Charles  Edward  Stuart  —  Grey  Horses  in  Dublin  —  "  Con.- 
spicuous  from  his  Absence"  —  Two  Churches  in  one 
Churchyard  —  So  called  Grants  of  Arms  —  Inscriptions  on 
Bells  at  St.  Andrews,  503. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


CATCHEM'S  CORNER,  SODOM,  AND  HELL  LANE, 
BILSTON ; 

WITH  THEIR  LEGENDS  AND  SUPERSTITIONS. 

The  Catcliem's  Corner,  between  Bilston  and 
Wolverhampton,  is  mentioned  by  your  correspon- 
dent F.  C.  H.  (p.  448.)  The  following  account 
of  it,  together  with  other  places  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, was  given  by  a  correspondent  of  The  Birm- 
inyhara  Daily  Gazette  in  an  article  printed  in  the 
number  of  that  paper  for  Nov.  12,  1866.  As  the 
article  occupies  two  columns  and  a  half  of  the 
paper,  it  is  manifestly  too  lengthy  for  full  quota- 
tion in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  but  perhaps  space  may  be 
spared  for  some  extracts  from  it. 

The  writer  first  mentions  the  origin  of  the 
names  of  many  places  in  that  locality,  such  as 
"Wednesfield  and  Wednesbury,  from  Woden ; 
Swinford,  from  Sweyn;  Cannock,  from  Canute; 
Gospel  Oak  and  Gospel  End ;  Hungary  Hill,  near 
Stourbridge,  from  the  Hungarian  refugees,  who 
pitched  their  tents  there,  and  introduced  the  pot- 
tery-ware trade;  Bull  Stake  and  High  Bullen, 
from  the  bull-baiting;  Gibbet  Lane,  and  other 
places,  such  as  Throttle-goose  Lane  and  Bug  Hole, 
the  origin  of  whose  names  is  lost  in  obscurity. 
He  then  comes  to  speak  of  Catchem's  Corner, 
Sodom,  and  Hell  Lane.  The  last-named  spot  is 
near  to  the  Bilston  turnpike  road,  towards  Sedge- 
ley  Beacon,  and  near  to  Ettingshall  New  Village: — 


"  Had  we  pursued  our  way  a  little  further,  we  should 
have  reached  Sodom  and  Catchem's  Corner,  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  Hell  Lane,  and  then  have  entered  Gospel  End. 
It  is  an  old  saying  in  that  neighbourhood, '  Hell  begins 
where  Gospel  ends.' " 

The  writer  calls  on  an  old  cottager,  and  asks  for 
an  explanation  of  the  names  of  these  places.  The 
old  man  replies  as  follows  :  — 

"  Well,  as  for  Hell  Lane  an'  Sodom,  it  was  the  villany 
o'  the  people  thei-eabout  as  caused  such  like  names  to  be 
given  'em  ;  but  Catchem's  Corner,  there's  a  bit  of  a  story 
about  which  whether  true  or  fause  I  canna  tell  ye,  for  I 
was  awa'  at  the  time.  It  mun  be  aboon  fifty  year  sin' 
now,  an'  there  were  few  housen  thereabout,  though  bein' 
four  cross  roads,  there  were  pretty  well  o'  people  passing 
by  the  '  corner.'  One  dark  winter's  night,  as  a  gentle- 
man was  walking  hy,  a  man  wi'  a  mask  on  sprang  out  o' 
the  next  leasow,  jumped  over  the  hedge,  and  robbed  the 
gentleman  o'  every  thing  worth  carryin'  off.  On  the 
next  night  another  was  served  i'  the  same  way,  an'  on  the 
next  night  another,  so  there  began  to  be  no  little  stir. 
After  a  while  a  lot  o'  men  determined  to  drop  on  the  thief, 
an'  so  one  night,  just  after  sunset,  they  hid  themselves  up 
the  trees  an'  under  the  hedges,  an'  at  the  right  time  one 
got  up  an'  walked  along  the  road  ;  an'  presently  the  man 
with  the  mask  sprang  at  him  an'  collared  him  ;  but  no 
sooner  had  he  done  it  than  all  the  men  who  lay  hid 
rushed  to  him  an'  caught  him ;  an'  when  they  tore  off 
his  mask  they  found  it  was  Old  Catchem,  a  daring  thief 
who  lived  down  at  Sodom,  whom  they  sent  to  gaol,  an' 
ever  after  the  place  was  called  '  Catchem's  Comer.' "  * 

"  And  what  sort  of  a  place  was  Hell  Lane  at  that 
time  ?  "  I  asked. 

"  Well,  sir,"  he  resumed,  "  it  was  a  queerish  place  I  do 
assure  j^ou.  Nobody  durst  venture  down  it  after  night- 
fall ;  and  even  in  "broad  daylight  it  was  hardly  safe. 
There  were  certain  public-houses  where  the  gangs  of  high- 
waymen used  to  meet.  There  was  the  Old  Duke  o'  York, 
an'  the  Barley  Mow,  as  stood  near  by  each  other ;  two 
fearsome  places  were  these  for  all  sorts  o'  plots  an'  mis- 
chief. Then  there  was  old  Trillj'  Riley's  place,  the  '  Bull's 
Head,'  where  they  used  to  get  up  bull  baitin'  an'  such  like 
sports  ;  an'  Billy  Moore's,  by  the  brook.  But  the  worst 
placed  o'  the  lot  was  called  '  Hell  House,'  kept  by  old 
Evans,  a  butty  collier.  This  was  the  great  fightin'  place 
for  the  colliers,  an'  there  used  to  be  a  pitched  battle  every 
night.  Evans's  daughter,  a  big,  strapping  wench,  used 
to  be  seconds  to  one  o'  the  men,  an'  when  the  iight  was 
on  she  would  jump  on  the  screen  and  shout,  '  Wind  him. 
Jack  lad,' '  Tap  his  wine  bottle,'!  or  '  Gie  him  a  red  shirt, 
my  bonnj'  boy.'  There  was  also  Sammon  Harry,  who 
followed  the  devil  down  a  coalpit.  This  Sammon  Harry 
was  a  colliery  engineer,  an'  one  A&j  he  had  been  to  Wol- 
verhampton on  the  spree — you  know,  sir !  Well,  as  he 
came  back  at  night,  when  it  was  quite  dark,  a  man  met 
him  in  the  Lane,  and  took  him  to  the  pit,  an'  began  to 
swarm  down  the  chain,  tellin'  Sammon  Harry  to  follow. 
He  followed,  and  as  the  chain  did  not  reach  to  the  bottom 
of  the  shaft  the  man  dropped  the  remaining  distance,  tel- 
ling Sammon  to  do  the  same.  '  I  can't,'  said  Sammon 
Harry, '  it's  too  far.'  '  Drop !  I  tell  j'ou,'  shouted  the 
man  at  the  bottom, '  I'll  take  care  of  \o\\.'  But  Harrj' 
would  na'  drop,  knowing  he  would  be  killed  if  he  did  so, 
an'  he  began  to  shout  and  bawl  for  help  till  somebody 
came  and  wound  him  up  again." 


*  A  more  prosaic  theory  is  that  the  place  was  so  called 
from  a  turnpike  j^laced  there  which  "  caught "  every 
way. 

t  i.  e.  "  make  his  nose  bleed." 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3"i  S.  XL  June  22,  '67. 


"  And  who  was  the  other  man  ?  "  I  asked. 

"  Why  the  devil  to  be  sure,  who  else  ?  "  replied  our 
aged  friend  ;  "  he  thought  o'  makia'  sure  o'  Harry,  but  he 
failed  that  time,  altho'  I  fear  me  he's  got  him  safe  enow  by 
this." 

"Then  there  was  Nelly  NichoUs,  may  be  you'n  heered 
of  her?" 

"  No,"  I  answered,  "  who  and  what  was  she  ?  " 

'•  0 !  "  was  the  answer,  "  she  was  a  witch,  an'  lived  not 
far  away  from  the  brook.  She  was  a  little  wiry-looking 
woman,  with  ferret-eyes,  and  long  bony  fingers.  Every- 
body bore  fear  of  her,  for  she  had  marvellous  power  wi' 
spirits  an'  sich,  an'  could  tell  what  was  to  happen,  as  well 
as  what  had  happened  in  the  Lane,  no  matter  how  dark 
things  were  kept.  An'  she  used  to  turn  herself  into  a 
white  rabbit,  and  go  about  the  Lane  after  dark  pryin' 
into  men's  houses,  so  much  that  it  used  to  be  a  regular 
thing  when  I  was  a  lad  to  ask  '  Have  you  seen  the  white 
rabbit  to  night  ?  '  " 

"  But  surely  you're  only  joking  now  ?  "  I  remarked. 

"  Not  at  all,  sir,"  replied  he. 

"And  do  you  reallj'  believe  she  assumed  such 
shapes  ?  " 

"  Aye,  aye,"  replied  the  "  oldest  inhabitant,"  "  an'  wiser 
heads  than  mine  believe  it  likewise."  * 

"  Then  we  had  a  wizard,  as  well  as  a  witch,"  continued 
our  informant,  "  an'  him  I  remember  well.  His  name  was 
Kat  Rhodes.  He  went  about  with  his  hair  hanging  down 
in  a  sort  o'  pig-tail,  an'  was  dressed  in  very  queer  coloured 
clothes.  He  was  a  fearsome  fellow,  an'  if  anybody 
offended  him  he  would  swear  a  great  oath,  an'  forthwith 
some  misfortune  Avould  fall  upon  them  :  either  they  would 
be  hurt  in  the  pit,  or  some  of  their  ill  deeds  would  come 
to  daylight,  an'  they  get  punished,  so  Kat  Rhodes  was 
always  feared  an'  respected  by  every  thief  in  the  Lane. 
There  was  Devil  Lees,  too,  and  his  imps,  a  great  big 
rodney  fellow,  as  hard  as  a  grounsell  toad.  He  was  a 
fearsome  chap  was  Lees,  an'  his  imps  in  their  younger  days 
weren't  much  better." 

"  What  were  his  imps  ?  "  I  inquired. 

"  O,"  replied  the  old  man,  laughing  at  my  ignorance, 
"  his  sons  to  be  sure  ;  an'  they  were  a  queer  lot  a'together. 
I  remember  once  they  had  a  meetin'  down  at  Tommy 
Bill's,  to  get  up  a  spree.  There  was  Lees  and  two  of  his 
imps,  and  Billy  Moore,  and  Old  Huss,  with  two  or  three 
others  whose  names  I  forget  for  the  moment.  Well,  these 
started  off  all  jolly  drunk  to  Wolverhampton,  an'  Devil 
Lees  pointed  to  a  watchman,  an'  said,  '  Come  on,  lads,  let's 
finish  him  for  a  bit  of  a  lark,'  so  they  all  set  on  him,  an' 
in  a  very  few  minutes  they  laid  him  dead  on  the  pave- 
ment, weltering  in  blood."  They  were  found  out,  but 
nobodj'  proving  which  of  'em  struck  the  death  blow,  they 
got  off  with  a  short  imprisonment." 

"  Dick  Ormes  was  another  strange  chap  in  Hell  Lane," 
continued  the  "  oldest  inhabitant,"  who  was  by  this  time 
getting  excited  by  his  narrations.  '*  Dick  had  only  one 
leg,  an'  he  lived  in  a  cot,  with  his  dog,  pig,  and  cow,  an' 
led  a  happy  life.  One  night  Dick  found  out  a  mystery. 
He  was  wallting  out  late,  an'  he  saw  a  strange- looking 
being  walking  about,  an'  as  he  got  close  to  it,  he  found  it 
was  a  woman  without  a  head !  He  looked  at  it  in  horror, 
but  in  a  moment  it  passed  awaj'.  Dick  roused  the  peo- 
ple, an'  they  used  to  watch,  an'  in  a  few  nights  they  saw 
this  headless  woman  again,  an'  they  found  out  from  Nelly 
Nicholls  that  it  was  the  ghost  of  a  woman  who  had  been 
robbed  and  murdered  by  the  Hell  Lane  gang." 

"  Were  the  robberies  so  serious  as  that  ?  "  I  asked. 

"Aye,  aye,  sir,"  replied  the  patriarch,  "yon  little 
brook  has  been  reddened  with  men's  blood  mony's  the 


*  The  "  white  rabbit "  is  commonly  talked  about  by  the 
old  people  in  the  "  village  "  to  this  day.  I 


time.  The  robbers  used  to  lie  by  the  brook  side,  an'  when 
travellers  passed  along  the  road,  thej^  used  to  spring 
from  their  hiding  place  after  the  manner  of  Old  Catchem, 
an'  fell  them  at  a  blow.  When  they  had  robbed  them 
they  tossed  them  over  the  little  bridge  into  the  brook, 
leavin'  them  to  crawl  away  as  best  they  could. 

"  But  yet  we  had  a  preacher,  though  he  was  a  strange 
one,  sure  enow.  They  called  him  Jack  the  Barber,  he 
being  a  hair-cutter  all  the  week,  an'  a  preacher  o'  Sun- 
days. While  he  was  hair-cuttin'  or  shavin'  he  had  all  his 
thoughts  on  his  sermons  an'  such  like,  and  he  always 
spoke  '  a  word  in  season '  to  his  customers.  One  day  a 
stranger  called  to  be  shaved,  so  Jack  lathered  his  face, 
held  back  his  head,  an',  just  as  he  was  beginning  to  scrape 
him  wi'  the  razor,  he  said  to  the  man, '  My  good  brother, 
are  you  prepared  to  die  ? '  The  man  looked  hard  at 
Jack,  then  at  the  razor,  an',  bein'  half  terrified,  he  rushed, 
all  lathered  as  he  was,  out  of  the  shop,  and  ran  up  the 
Lane,  shoutin'  at  the  top  of  his  voice  '  Murder !  murder  ! ' 
Jack  followed  at  his  heels,  but  could  not  catch  him,  an' 
never  saw  his  new  customer  again.  Once  as  I  heard 
Jack  preachin'  in  the  Lane,  he  told  us  as  how  God  made 
the  white  men  and  Satan  the  black,  an'  Avhen  Satan's 
work  was  finished,  an'  he  saw  it  M'as  so  much  worse  than 
t'other,  he  grew  savage,  and  struck  the  black  Adam  with 
his  fist,  flattening  his  nose  an'  thickening  his  hps,  an'  so 
the  poor  nigger  has  remained  ever  sin'.  An'  once,  when 
the  puddlers  were  gettin'  low  wages,  he  preached  agin' 
the  iron-maisters,  takin'  for  his  text  like  the  verse '  He  shall 
rule  them  with  a  rod  o'  iron.'  One  day  Jack  told  the  folk 
he  had  faith  enow  to  walk  on  the  water,  an'  he  went 
down  to  the  Hell  Lane  Canal,  which  had  just  bin  cut, 
and  stepped  in  under  the  bridge,  an'  bein'  no  swimmer, 
an'  the  water  deep,  poor  Jack  got  drowned. 

"  There  used  to  be  a  notion  among  the  colliers  of  those 
times  that  it  was  ill-luck  to  work  on  New  Years'  Day, 
but  when  the  Shropshire  colliers  began  to  settle  in  the 
Lane  aboon  fifty  years  sin'  they  laughed  at  the  Hell  Lane 
folk  for  havin'  such  a  notion,  an'  for  two  New  Years' 
Days  they  would  work.  On  the  first,  a  Shropshire  girl 
fell  down  the  shaft,  an'  was  knocked  all  to  bits ;  an'  on 
the  second,  there  was  a  fire  i'  the  pit,  and  all  but  two  or 
three  got  burnt.  So  the  Shropshire  folk  believed  it  after, 
an'  never  worked  again  on  New  Year's  Daj'.  An'  now, 
good  friends,  my  tale  is  ended." 

The  Hell  Lane  folk  became  an  altered  people 
thougli  the  agency  of  Methodism.  A  celebrated 
Irish  missionary, "Gideon  Ousley,  established  a 
mission-station  at  Hell  Lane,  and  soon  aftervpards 
a  Methodist  chapel  was  erected.  It  has  now  dis- 
appeared, but  the  reforming  influences  of  which 
it  was  the  outward  sign  are  still  visible  in  the 
improved  state  of  the  locality  and  its  inhabitants. 

CUTHBERT  BeDE. 


THE  O'SHEE  COAT  ARMORIAL. 
The  following  being  a  very  curious  instance  of 
a  mistake  remaining  undetected  for  upwards  of 
two  centuries  will  excuse  my  noticing  it,  as  I  was 
led  to  the  discovery  by  the  quarterings,  which  I 
at  once  recognised  to  be  those  of  other  families 
mentioned  elsewhere.  It  will  be  apparent  at  a 
glance  that  no  deception  was  intended  by  the  an- 
cestors of  the  family  in  question,  but  that  they 
erred  in  preserving  a  7'eversed  copy  of  their  armo- 
rial achievement. 


S^'d  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


The  arms  of  O'Sliee,  witli  three  quarterings  be- 
sides, also  of  (quasi)  O'Shee,  as  tliey  appear  on  the 
family  monuments  at  St.  Mary's,  Kilkenny,  &c., 
have  evidently  been  sculptured  by  a  bungling 
stonecutter  from  the  wrong  side  of  a  copy  on 
transfer  paper  (?)  of  what  was  probably  the  cor- 
rectly marshalled  coat  armorial.  At  a  later  period 
something  wrong  being  perceived,  but  not  clearly 
detected,  evidently  led  to  still  farther  confusion. 
Thus,  the  O'Shee  coat,  as  at  present,  is  said  to 
contain  O'Shee  in  the  first  four  quarters;  whereas, 
by  reversing  it,  the  following  will  be  the  order: — 
(1)  O'Shee,  (2)  Archer,  (3)  O'Shee,  (4)  Berming- 
nam.  But  since,  at  any  rate,  the  erection  of  those 
monuments  early  in  the  seventeenth  century,  the 
paternal  coat  has  taken  the  place  of  Bermingham, 
while  the  latter,  with  a  slight  erroneous  altera- 
tion, has  been  believed  to  be  the  true  paternal 
coat.  But  if  we  reverse  the  first  quartering  as 
it  now  appears,  we  shall  discover  that  the  per 
pale  indented  with  a  fleur-de-lys  in  sinister  chief 
and  clexte)-  base  (an  unusual  arrangement)  be- 
comes the  spear-heada  of  Bermingham  in  dexter 
chief  and  sinister  base.  And  when  it  is  borne 
in  mind  that  the  Archers  and  Berminghams  * 
were  ht  an  early  period  intermarried  in  Ireland, 
and  that  E,.  O'Shee  married  an  heiress  of  the 
Archer  family,  the  reconcilement  of  difficulties  is 
easily  eff'ected. 

The  change  from  a  spear-head  to  a  fleur-de-lys 
is  moreover  not  singular  in  this  instance,  while 
the  bend  sinistei-  of  the  seventh  quartering  of  the 
present  achievement,  and  which  has  been  cor- 
rected in  variations  of  the  coat,  is  very  striking. 

Per  bend  indented,  now  substituted  for  per  pale 
indented,  was  evidently  a  variation  made  bond  fide  ; 
but  this  particularity  is  even  more  remarkable 
when  taken  in  connection  with  the  non-percep- 
tion of  the  graver  error. 

I  should  be  glad  to  restore  the  correct  coat  of 
this  family,  co7i  amore,  if  agreeable  to  its  mem- 
bers ;  and  I  must  explain,  in  conclusion,  that  my 
remarks  point  to  a  technical  readjustment  of  a  fine 
old  coat  of  arms,  and  not  to  any  abatement  of  its 
pretensions,  which  are  virtually  just.  Sp. 


Oeigix  of  a  FREJfCH  Pkoveeb. — Perhaps  this 
may  have  some  interest  for  the  students  of  pro- 
verbs. 

"  L'Annee  1089 — Beaucoup  de  personnes  moururent 
i'une  contagion,  qui  consumait  les  parties  interieures  du 
corps,  les  faisait  pourrir,  et  devenir  noires  comme  du 
charbon.  En  1095,  car  ce  fleau  dura  j usque-la,  un  gentil- 
homme  du  Dauphine  nomme  Gaston,  institua  I'ordre  de 
S.  Antoine,  pour  soulager  les  affliges.  Le  pourceaux  du 
monastere  eurent  le  privilege  d'aller  le  17  Janvier  jour  de 


*  Walter  Archer  and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Bermingham 
are  frequently  mentioned.  Vide  Kilkenny  Arch.  Journal 
for  April,  1864. 


S.  Antoine,  avec  una  clochette  au  cou,  dans  les  maisons  ; 
oil,  loin  de  les  chasser,  on  les  re'galait  en  I'honneur  du 
bienheureux.  De-la  le  proverbe,  en  parlant  d'un  parasite 
qui  cherche  de  bons  diners, '  Qu'il  va  de  porte  en  porte, 
comme  les  cochons  de  Saint  Antoine.'  " — From  M.  Manet, 
Hist,  de  Petite  Bretagne,  vol.  ii.  p.  253.  St.  Malo,  1834, 
8vo. 

George  Tragett. 

Dinan,  Brittany. 

The  Royal  Christening.— In  The  Times  of 
May  22,  1867,  I  read  that,  "At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  service,  the  following  hymn,  composed 
by  his  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  Consort,  was 
sung : " — 

"  In  life's  gay  morn,  ere  sprightlj'  youth 
By  vice  and  folly  is  enslaved,"  &c. 
This  is  a  mere  alteration  of  Dr.  Blackwell's  well- 
known  hymn :  — 

''  In  life  s  gay  morn,  when  sprightly  j^outh 
With  vital  ardour  glows, 
And  shines  in  all  the  fairest  charms 
Which  beauty  can  disclose. 
"  Deep  on  thy  soul,  before  its  powers 
Are  yet  by  vice  enslaved. 
Be  thy  Creator's  glorious  name 
And  character  engraved." 
This  hymn  is  in  the  Scotch  '^  Paraphrases  "  for 
public  worship,  and  has  been  in  use  for  a  century. 

A.  B. 
Roman  Alphabet.— The  Roman  alphabet  has 
been  applied  to  the  Gueg  branch  of  the  Albanian 
or  Skipetar,  in  a  translation  of  the  Four  Gospels 
and  Acts,  published  at  Constantinople  at  the  end 
of  1866.  The  letters  are  dotted  and  marked,  and 
the  two  modern  Greek  equivalents  for  th  are  intro- 
duced. I  doubt  if  any  Gueg  in  the  coimtry  can. 
read  it,  but  it  will  be  of  use  to  philologists.  The 
previous  publications  were  in  the  Tosk,  There 
are  specimens,  and  a  grammar  of  Gueg,  in  Von 
Hahn's  work.  The  work  of  Hecquard  on  La 
Haute  Alhanie  ou  Guegarie  only  contains  transla- 
tions of  Gueg  songs.  A  Roman  Catholic  version 
was  published  in  Gueg  in  peculiar  characters. 

Hyde  Clarke. 
Walsh  of  Castle  Hoel. — At  an  early  period 
of  feudal  history,  before  surnames  became  general, 
younger  sons  abroad  may  often  have  been  sur- 
named  after  the  country  from  whence  they  came, 
rather  than  from  the  less-known  paternal  acres. 
Such  younger  sons  amongst  the  followers  of  the 
Clare  family,  in  their  warlike  expeditions  to  Wales 
and  Ireland,  may  have  borne  originally  the  pater- 
nal coat — say  sable,  three  pheons  argent ;  but,  as 
was  often  the  practice,  desiring  to  incorporate 
some  portion  of  his  leader's  arms — the  chevronel 
gules  of  Clare — he  yet  could  not  correctly  place 
colour  upon  colour,  consequently  he  reversed  the 
whole  paternal  coat,  which  now  showed  argent, 
three  pheons  reversed  sable,  and  then  he  was  en- 
abled to  interpolate  the  chevron  gides.*     With  this 

*  The  arms  of  Walsh  of  Castle  Hoel. 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67. 


coat  of  arms  the  supposed  knight  or  squire  ac- 
companies Strongbow  to  Ireland,  and  gradually 
becomes  known  as  the  Welchman  of  Castle  Hoel, 
his  paternal  origin  being  entirely  dropped  and/c 


gotten. 


Sp. 


SiE  EoBEKT  Walpgle's  fiest  Wife. — In 
Chambers  s  Ennjdojjcedia,  vol.  x.  p.  53,  art.  "  Sir 
Robert  Walpole,"  there  is  the  following  state- 
ment :  — 

«  On  July  30,  1700,  he  married  Cathai-ine,  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Shorter,  Lord  Mayor  of  London," 

This  is  an  error,  Katherine  Shorter,  Lady 
Walpole,  was  the  granddaughter  of  Sir  John 
Shorter,  who  entertained  James  II.  and  Maiy  of 
Modena  at  Guildhall  in  1688,  Her  father  was 
John  Shorter  of  By  brook,  in  Kent,  eldest  son  of 
Sir  John ;  and  her  mother  was  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Sir  Erasmus  Philipps,  Bart,  of  Picton  Castle, 
Pembrokeshire.  Her  younger  sister,  Charlotte 
Shorter,  married  the  first  Lord  Conway.  In  such 
a  work  as  Chambers's  Encyclopcedia  error  passing 
imchallenged  is  accepted  as  truth, 

JoHX  PAvrx  Philiips. 
Haverfordwest. 

AifAGPvAns. — There  is  no  extant  list  of  authors 
who  have  wiitten  under  auagrammatic  pseudonyms 
(see  "N,  &  Q.''  passijyi.)  No  doubt  the  desidera- 
tum can  be  supplied  by  your  readers  with  your 
kindly  aid,  I  think  a  very  few  columns  would  be 
sufficient ;  for,  though  fond  of  pseudonyms,  I  do 
not  think  the  English  have  exercised  much  in- 
genuity in  their  choice, 

Olphar  Ha3IST  (Bibliophile'). 
29,  Sussex  Place. 


HSiMtxiti. 

Passage  ln  Loed  Bacok,  —  In  a  letter  to  the 
Lord  Treasurer  Burleigh,  Lord  Bacon  says :  — 

"  The  meanness  of  my  estate  doth  somewhat  move  me  ; 
for  though  I  cannot  accuse  myself  that  I  am  either  pro- 
digal or  slothful,  yet  my  health  is  not  to  spend,  nor  my 
course  to  get." 

What  is  the  meaning'  of  "  nor  my  course  to 
get"?  D. 

CANif ON,  CAJf>f A  BaPvX.  —  On  many  estates  in 
Devonshire,  and,  I  believe,  in  Cornwall  also,  is  to 
be  found  a  Cannon  (Cauna)  bam,  park,  &c.,  the 
latter  generally  a  field,  with  nothing  park-like 
about  it.  The  spelling,  Canna,  or  Cannon,  seems 
doubtful,  nor  can  I  ascertain  the  meaning  of  the 
word.  Can  any  reader  of  ''  N.  &  Q."  enlighten 
me  on  these  points?  E,  C,  S.  W, 

ChestePvFieed's  Pi,agiaeis:m,  —  Is  there  any 
ground  for  Andrew  Combe's  suspicion  (Life,  by 
George  Combe)  that  Chesterfield  copied  his  rules 


of  politeness  from  Giovanni  della  Casa,  an  Italian 
author,  who  died  in  1550  ?  Cteil. 

Clocks  axd  Watches.  —  In  the  work  named 
Curiosities  of  Clocks  and  Watches,  recently  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  Edward  .1.  Wood,  it  is  stated  that 
the  claim  of  the  city  of  Nuremberg  to  the  inven- 
tion of  watches  "  reaches  back  to  the  year  1477." 
Also  that  Peter  Hell,  of  Nuremberg,  "made  small 
watches  of  steel  as  early  as  1400."  I  have  paid 
some  attention  to  this  matter,  and  am  much  in- 
terested in  it ;  and  I  should  feel  much  obliged  if 
Mr.  Wood,  or  any  other  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
would  kindly  give  me  the  authority  for  these 
dates,  which  I  have  not  elsewhere  met  with. 

OCXAVIUS  MORGAJT. 
9,  Pall  Mall. 

Epitaph  ok  a  Cavallee,  —  The  homely  epi- 
taph of  a  Cavalier  in  a  church  in  the  west  of  Eng- 
land has  the  following  verses :  — 

"  When  he  was  young,  he  lived  at  Court, 
His  mother  rocked  the  Prince  ; 
His  Countess  aunt  being  Governess, 
Which  was  a  long  time  since. 

"  His  riper  years  were  spent  in  war, 

In  service  of  King  Charles; 

And  bravely  he  adventured  far 

In  those  domestic  quarrels." 

Could  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  who  was  the 
countess  governess  to  the  children  of  Charles  I.  ? 

G. 

FEAifKLUf's  Prayee-book. — We  are  told,  in 
Parton's  Life  of  Dr.  Franklin  (New  York,  1864, 
i.  557),  that,  when  on  a  visit  to  Lord  Despencer, 
he  joined  that  nobleman  in  making  a  revised  edi- 
tion of  the  Prayer-book,  which  was  published  in 
London  that  year.  What  was  its  title?  Are 
copies  still  extant  ?  Cyell, 

Heealdic, — What  arms  were  borne  by  Emanuel 
Swedenborg  ?  Carxlfoede, 

Cape  Town,  S.  A. 

Holt  Isles. — "VSTiere  can  I  find  a  list  of  those 
islands  which  have  been  considered  holg  through 
both  Pagan  and  Christian  times  ?  C.  A.  C. 

The  Irox  Haj^d  of  Gotz  vox  Beelichik-geh-. 
I  shall  be  very  much  obliged  to  any  of  the  readers 
of  "  N,  «&  Q."  who  can  give  me  any  information 
regarding  the  iron  hand  of  Gcitz  vonBerlichingen, 
which  is  said  to  have  been  constnicted  by  a  me- 
chanician of  Nuremberg,  (See  H.  Bigg's  Ortho- 
praxg,  p.  156.)  Is  there  any  record  of  the  nature 
of  the  hand  or  of  the  name  of  its  constructor  ? 
Auy  information  on  artificial  legs  previous  to  the 
time  of  Ambrose  Pare  will  also  be  gratefully  re- 
ceived, A  Cripple, 

Irish  Cojtfiscations  of  Lajs'ds. — Can  any  one 
refer  me  to  the  heading  in  the  Catalogue  of  the 
Library  of  the  British  Museum,  under  which  I 


3'fd  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


should  find  the  following  information : — A  printed 
work  or  MSS.  giving  the  Irish  confiscations  of 
lands  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  during  the 
Commonwealth  and  Cromwell's  time  ?  I  want  to 
find  names  of  the  lands  confiscated,  and  to  whom 
they  were  granted,  and  the  names  of  those  from 
whom  they  were  taken.  Killongpokd. 

Ntjmishatic.  —  Many  Victoria  sovereigns  are 
numbered.  The  figures  33,  17,  45,  and  so  on  are 
placed  immediately  below  the  ribbon  that  attaches 
the  laurel  branches  on  the  reverse.  I  may  add 
that  the  numbers  are  very  small,  almost  micro- 
scopic.    What  is  the  reason  of  this  ? 

J.  Harris  Gibson. 

Liverpool. 

Old  Painting. — I  have  just  seen  a  curious  old 
oil  painting  on  mahogany,  of  the  wreck  of  a 
Spanish  vessel  on  a  rocky  coast,  and  not  far  from 
a  tower  or  lighthouse.  On  the  stern  of  the  ship 
appears  the  name  "  Santa  Magdalena  Malaga," 
&c.  There  is  a  curious  binnacle  lamp,  and  in 
other  respects  the  "rig"  is  antiquated.  Is  any- 
thing known  of  such  an  event  as  the  above,  or  is 
the  picture  merely  a  composition  ?  S. 

Perjury. — The  per  in  this  compound  seems  to 
carry  the  meaning  of  contra,  and  not  an  intensive 
sense.  Is  it  so?  Are  there  other  instances  of 
the  same  use  ?  A.  B. 

Passage  in  St.  Augustine.  —  I  have  seen  it 
stated  in  more  than  one  medifeval  book  that  St. 
Augustine  says,  that  on  the  day  on  which  a  per- 
son has  seen  the  holy  eucharist  he  shall  not  lose 
his  eyesight  nor  die  a  sudden  death,  with  much 
more  of  the  same  nature.  I  cannot  find  anything 
of  the  kind  in  that  doctor's  works.  Can  any  one 
help  me?  It  probably  occurs  in  some  works 
falsely  attributed  to  the  saint. 

Edward  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

William  Sharp,  Surgeon  ? — In  the  collection 
of  portraits  now  exhibiting  at  South  Kensington, 
there  is  an  excellent  picture  by  Zoffany  (No.  582), 
one  of  his  best  works,  representing,  says  the 
Catalogue  :  "  The  Family  of  William  Sharp ; 
Musical  Party  on  the  Thames."  The  picture,  it 
is  said,  was  painted  for  him.  He  was  '^  eminent 
for  his  skill,  and  declined  a  baronetcy  oflered  him 
by  George  III.  for  his  successful  attendance  on 
the  Princess  Amelia."  I  had  never  heard  of  this 
eminent  surgeon,  and  should  be  glad  of  some  in- 
formation about  him.  The  only  notice  I  can  find 
is  contained  in  the  short  statement,  in  Chalmers's 
liiogr.  Dictionary,  that  William,  the  son  of 
Thomas  Sharp,  was  "  many  years  an  eminent  sur- 
geon in  London,  and  died  in  1810,  aged  81."  He 
was,  adds  Chalmers,  of  a  different  family  from 
the   well-known    Samuel    Sharp,    the   pupil    of 


Cheselden.*  In  Zofi'any's  picture  there  are  thirteen 
figures,  who  are  all  named  and  described  in  the 
official  catalogue ;  but  it  is  evident  that  some  of 
these  descriptions  need  revisal.  No.  1,  "  Dr. 
John  Sharp,  Prebendary  of  Durham,  and  Arch- 
deacon of  Northumberland,"  is  said  to  have  died 
in  1 768,  while  the  picture  was  painted  in  1779, 
1780,  or  1781.  It  seems  that  there  were  actually 
two  persons :  Thomas,  who  died  in  1758 ;  and 
John,  his  son,  who  died  in  1792, — each  of  whom 
in  turn  filled  the  offices  of  Prebendary  of  Durham 
and  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland.  The  person 
marked  No.  1  in  the  picture,  must  be  this  John, 
the  son  of  Thomas,  and  brother  of  Wilham  and 
Granville,  who  are  also  there  represented.  An- 
other figure  in  the  picture  is  said  to  be  "  James 
Sharp,  a  skilful  Engineer."  He  is  holding  the 
musical  instrument  known  as  a  "  serpent."  In  the 
Catalogue  he  is  described  as  "with  a  snake."  Is 
this  latter  term  used  by  musicians  ?      J.  Dixon. 

The  Somerset  Family. — It  is  recorded  in  the 
family  history  of  her  Majesty's  ancient  colony  of 
the  Bermudas,  or  Somers  Islands,  commonly 
called  "Bermuda,"  that  John  Jennings,  Esq., 
who  died  in  1733,  married  Mary  Seymour,  who 
died  December,  1765,  aged  ninety-three  years. 
I  have  seen  an  apparently  authentic  MS.  in  which 
it  is  stated  that  "the  Semour  family  was  de- 
scended from  the  Duke  of  Somerset,  and  the  first 
of  the  family,  after  visiting  these  islands  (the 
Bermudas)  returned  to  England.  Who  was  "the 
first  of  the  family  "  here  alluded  to  ?  And  who 
was  the  above-named  Mary  Seymour  ?  Possibly 
some  of  your  readers  may  be  in  possession  of  in- 
formation calculated  to  throw  light  on  these  in- 
teresting questions,  which  they  will  oblige  by 
communicating  through  "N.  &  Q."  X. 

Col,  Sutcliffe:  John  Wyatt. — A  Col.  Sut- 
cliffe,  some  twentj'^-five  years  ago,  solicited  sub- 
scriptions to  enable  him  to  publish  "  a  history  of  a 
certain  Wyatt,  whom  he  put  forward  as  the  in- 
ventor of  the  Spinning  Jenny,"  which  he  had  in 
MS.  Can  any  of  your  readers  give  any  clue  to 
the  whereabouts  of  this  MS.  ?  C.  H.  B. 


Kidder  Family. — I  have  an  impression,  from  a 
book-plate,  of  an  esquire's  helmet  surmounted  by 
a  crest.  On  a  roll  of  colours,  a  dexter  hand  and 
wrist,  with  a  tight-fitting  shirt  sleeve,  and  loose 
coat  cuff  having  five  buttons.  The  hand  is  closed, 
and  between  the  top  of  the  thumb  and  knuckle 
of  the  first  finger  is  held  a  paper,  folded  at  the 

[*  William  Sharp  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Sharp, 
Archdeacon  of  Northumberland,  and  Judith,  daughter  of 
Sir  George  Wheler.  Gent.  Mag.  April,  1810,  p.  396,  and 
Xov.  1810,  p.  450 ;  and  Faulkner's  Fulliam,  p.  269.— Ed.] 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  JoxK  22,  '67. 


comers,  and  inscribed  with  tlie  word  "  Standard." 
Around  the  helmet  is  draped  a  scarf,  with  fringed 
ends,  and  hearing  "Boyne  "  on  the  bottom  folds: 
the  name,  "Thomas  Kidder,"  beneath  all. 

I  have  hitherto  been  unable  to  discover  any- 
thing relating  to  this  Thomas  Kidder.  Can  some 
correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  tell  me  who  and 
what  he  was,  and  how  he  came  by  the  words 
"  Standard  "  and  "  Boyne  "  ?  Liom.  F. 

[The  book-plate  respecting  which  our  correspondent 
inquires  belonged  to  Thomas  Kidder,  a  worthy  citizen  of 
London,  who  died  about  forty  years  since.  Mr.  Kidder 
was  in  business  as  one  of  the  packers  of  the  East  India 
Company — a  position  in  his  day  of  some  importance  and 
emolument.  He  was  descended  from  an  old  Sussex 
family,  which  numbered  among  its  members  Richard 
Kidder,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  (1691  to  1703).  A 
somewhat  full  account  of  Mr.  Kidder's  descent  and  con- 
nections will  be  found  in  the  ninth  volume  of  the  Sussex 
Archceological  Collections.  In  January,  1810,  a  grant  of 
arms,  under  the  seal  of  Ulster  King-at-Arms,  was  made 
to  the  descendants  of  Vincent  Kidder,  who  was  the  grand- 
father of  the  Thomas  Kidder  before  named.  The  arms 
are — ^Vert  3  crescents  or,  2  and  1.  Crest.  "  A  hand  couped 
below  the  elbow  proper,  vested  azure,  holding  a  packet, 
thereon  the  word  '  Standard ';  and  for  motto, '  Boyne.'  " 
The  grant  was  recorded  in  the  College  of  Anns,  London, 
in  May,  1827.  The  Vincent  Kidder  named  in  the  grant 
was  a  native  of  Sussex,  who,  in  the  year  1650,  Avas  a 
silversmith  in  London  ;  and  joining  the  Parliamentary 
forces  under  Cromwell,  was  engaged  in  the  reduction  of 
Ireland,  and  had  some  important  grants  of  land  in  that 
county.  His  second  son,  also  named  Vincent,  pursued  in 
Dublin  his  father's  business  of  a  silversmith,  and  was 
a  lieutenant  in  Capt.  Cottingham's  company  of  Irish 
Volunteers.  He  distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of 
the  Boyne,  and  was  made  colonel — hence  the  adoption  of 
the  word  "  Boyne  "  as  a  motto.  Col.  Kidder  afterwards 
became  Master  of  the  Goldsmiths'  Company  in  Dublin  in 
1696,  and  a  paymaster  in  1697;  and,  as  the  grant  recites, 
"  rendered  eminent  services  by  introducing  and  bringing 
to  perfection  a  method  of  assay,"  in  gratitude  for  which 
the  Company  presented  him  with  a  piece  of  plate,  and 
had  his  full-length  portrait  painted  and  set  up  in  their 
hall.  The  crest  is  in  allusion  to  the  latter  office  held  by 
him.     Consult  also  "  N.  &  Q."  1"  S.  iv.  502  ;  v.  137.] 

The  Ballad  on  Captain-  Glen  (S''^  S.  xi. 
419.) — This  curious  old  ballad  I  heard  sung  in 
my  youth  by  my  great-grandmother  —  an  old 
lady  who  was  born  in  1719  and  died  at  the  great 
age  of  103.  From  this  circumstance  I  infer  that 
the  ballad  must  have  been  very  much  older  than 
the  conjectured  date  of  1780,  alluded  to  in  the 
editorial  note  in  "N.  &  Q."  alaove  indicated,  and 
so  quoted  in  the  Roxhmjh  Ballads.  I  have  a 
great  wish  to  peruse  this  particular  ballad,  but 
have  not  convenient  access  to  the  Roxburgh  col- 
lection. The  same  editorial  note  states  that  it 
was  reprinted  in  1815  and  1825.     Who  were  the 


printers  and  publishers?  "Was  the  hallad  re- 
printed by  itself,  or  included  with  others  ?  If  the 
latter,  what  was  the  title  of  the  little  tome  ?  I 
have  not  heard  the  ballad  sung,  or  met  with  the 
words,  since  the  old  lady's  death — upwards  of 
forty-five  years  ago ;  and  I  remember  only  a  few 
portions.  The  tune  was  peculiarly  mournful  and 
touching.  If  the  ballad  is  not  too  long,  probably 
it  might  be  given  in  "N.  &  Q."  as  a  curiosity  of 
its  kind.     How  otherwise  can  I  procure  a  copy  ? 

A^.  Y.  Z, 
[This  ballad  makes  twenty-four  quatrains,  and  is  too 
prosaic  to  be  reproduced  in  our  pages.  It  may  be  found 
in  several  chap-books,  among  others  in  one  "  Printed  by 
P.  Buchan,  Peterhead,"  about  the  year  1815 ;  another 
"  Printed  by  William  Macnie,  Stirling,  1825."] 

Leslie.— 1.  Where  are  the  particulars  of  the 
case  of  Leslie  of  Pitcable  and  others,  before  the 
House  of  Lords  about  1743,  to  be  found  in  print  ? 

2.  Who  was  Geo.  Leslie  of  Crowbardie,  father 
of  Elizabeth  Leslie,  who  by  her  husband,  J.  Hal- 
ket,  had  a  son  named  John,  who  married  *  Janet, 
daughter  of  T.  Spans  of  Lathallan  ?  Perhaps  some 
correspondent  will  obligingly  look  over  the  re- 
cently printed  Index  to^the  Scotch  Retours  from 
1700  to  1784.  Sp. 

[1.  We  believe  the  case  to  which  our  correspondent 
refers  is  Leslie  v.  Leslie,  decided  in  the  Court  of  Session 
on  Feb.  18,  1741 :  the  judgment  being  reversed  by  the 
House  of  Lords  in  the  following  year.  It  is  reported 
in  Lord  Elchies'  Decisions,  sub  voce,  "  Tailzie,"  15 ;  and 
also  in  Craigie  and  Stewart's  Appeal  Cases,  p.  324. 
The  case  turned  upon  a  very  peculiar  clause  in  the 
deed  of  entail,  which  provided  that,  in  the  case  of  the 
heir  in  possession  succeeding  to  a  certain  other  estate, 
"  he  and  the  heirs  male  of  his  body  so  succeeding"  should 
be  obliged  to  denude  in  favour  of  the  next  named  heir 
in  the  deed.  On  the  event  occurring,  the  person  in 
possession  had  two  sons :  the  eldest  made,  of  course,  no 
claim ;  but  the  younger  contended  that,  as  he  did  not 
succeed,  he  was  entitled  to  the  estate.  The  final  judg- 
ment was,  however,  against  him. 

2.  The  addition  to  the  Index  of  the  Inquisitiojies  Speciales 
to  which  our  correspondent  refers,  exists  in  the  Register 
House,  but  has  not  as  yet  been  published.  ] 

''  Cold  Shotjlder." — What  is  the  origin  of  the 
phrase,  "  To  give  the  cold  shoulder"? 


[May  not  this  significant  gesture  of  disregard  have 
some  reference  to  that  generally  unpalatable  dish,  a  cold 
shoulder  of  mutton  ?  There  is  a  story  told  of  the  first 
Earl  of  Hoptoun  (ob.  1742),  that  when  he  bought  his 
Linlithgowshire  estate,  he  found  it  surrounded  with  a 
number  of  small  proprietors  Avhose  lands  he  wished  to 
purchase.     The  plan  he  took  was  to  be  most  hospitable  to 

*  Probably  about  1767.  See  Burke's  Landed  Gentry, 
voce  "  Spens." 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


499 


them,  and  invite  them  frequently  to  his  house,  taking 
care  to  show  that  he  expected  a  return  of  the  hospitality, 
which  soon  drained  them,  and  then  he  bought  their 
estates.  One  individual,  however,  fought  long  against 
him.  He  did  not  object  to  the  visits  of  the  earl,  but 
never  placed  anything  before  him  but  a  cold  shoulder  of 
mutton,  or  some  salt  herrings  and  potatoes.  He,  however, 
told  his  successor,  that  although  he  had  adopted  this 
plan,  he  could  not  expect  him  to  continue  it,  and  there- 
fore ad\-ised  him  to  sell. 

Our  readers  will  also  call  to  mind  Scott's  humorous 
account  in  Ivanhoe  of  the  poor  Jew's  reception  in  the  hall 
of  Cedric  the  Saxon  :  "  As  he  passed  along  the  file, 
casting  a  timid  supplicating  glance,  and  turning  towards 
each  of  those  who  occupied  the  lower  end  of  the  board, 
the  Saxon  domestics  squared  their  shoulders,  and  con- 
tinued to  devour  their  supper  with  great  perseverance, 
paying  not  the  least  attention  to  the  wants  of  the  new 
guest."] 

SoDE. — What  is  tlie  meaning  of  tlie  word  socle 
in  the  following  passage,  which  occurs  in  a  letter 
tempore  Elizabeth,  describing  the  capture,  on  the 
shore  of  Morecambe  Bay,  of  a  large  fish  by  the 
crew  of  a  French  vessel  ?  — 

"  Theye  sode  a  piece  of  hym  in  the  ship,  whereof  I  eat 
my  pt. ;"  yt  was  verye  good  meat,  &  yt  had  bin  well 
drest." 

The  fish  seems  to  have  been  a  shark,  black  in 
colour,  and  with  a  skin  like  unshorn  velvet, 

A.  E.  L. 

[  Sode  is  the  past  participle  of  seethe,  to  boil.  In  Tlie 
Compost  of  Ptholomeus,  n.  d.,  we  read  :  "  Also  they  saye 
that  all  maner  flesshe  and  fysshe  is  better  rested  than 
soden,  and  if  they  be  soden,  to  broyle  on  a  grydeyron,  or 
on  the  coles,  and  they  ben  the  more  holsomer."] 

The  Style  ''Dei  Gratia."  —  At  what  period 
did  European  sovereigns  assume  the  style  "  Dei 
Gratia  "  ?  C.  M. 

[The  style  "  Dei  Gratia "  is  treated  at  considerable 
length  by  Selden,in  his  Titles  of  Honour,  hook  \.  chap.  vii. 
(pp.  89-94,  folio,  1672),  who  tells  us  at  p.  93  :  "  The  an- 
cientest  use  of  it  in  the  Empire  as  I  remember  is  about 
Charles  the  Great :  for  in  some  of  his  Patents  it  is  in- 
serted." It  is  said  to  have  been  taken  by  the  Pope  in 
the  thirteenth,  and  by  European  sovereigns  generallj'  in 
the  fifteenth  century.  The  King  of  Prussia,  it  will  be 
remembered,  assumed  it  in  October,  1861.] 

Aems  rN  St.  Winnow  Church, — Will  any  of 
your  readers  having  more  access  to  books  than  I 
have,  inform  me  by  what  family  the  following 
arms,  occurring  in  the  parish  church  of  St.  Win- 
now, have  been  borne:  "Party  per  cross  em- 
battled sable  and  argent "  ?  H, 

Vicarage,  St.  Winnow,  Lostwithiel. 

[We  are  inclined  to  think  that  this  coat,  correctly 
blazoned,  should  be  :  Quarterly  indented  sable  and  argent. 
Brasj-e  of  Cornwall.] 


KUNIC  INSCRIPTION  AT  ST.  MOLIO. 
(3'd  S.  xi,  194,  334.) 

Dr.  Charles  Rogers  queries  the  reading  of  a 
Runic  inscription  given  in  my  Prehistoric  Annals 
of  Scotland,  and  asks  for  information  about  St. 
Molio,  &c.  {ante,  p.  194.)  To  this  J.  C.  R,  re- 
sponds {ante,  p.  334).  Seeing  that  Dr.  Rogers  is 
a  Scottish  F.S.A.,  and  that  his  respondent  writes 
with  all  the  authority  of  a  master  in  epigraphy 
and  archaeology,  I  may  be  permitted  to  express  a 
reasonable  surprise  that  both  should  be  found 
quoting  from  a  superseded  edition,  published  up- 
wards of  sixteen  years  ago ;  while  in  1863  Messrs. 
MacmiUan  issued  in  2  vols.  8vo,  a  new  edition,  in 
the  preface  of  which  this  passage  occurs : — "  Fully 
a  third  of  it  has  been  entirely  rewritten ;  and  the 
remaining  portions  have  undergone  so  minute  a 
revision  as  to  render  it  in  many  respects  a  new 
work."  As  both  your  correspondents  are  in- 
terested in  Runic  inscriptions,  if  they  will  refer 
to  the  later  edition  (vol.  ii.  pp.  277-281),  they 
will  find  the  results  of  an  exploration  of  St. 
Molio's  Cave  made  twelve  years  later  than  the 
one  they  review.  On  that  occasion  I  discovered 
two  additional  Runic  inscriptions :  one,  Onttir 
raist  runer,  i,  e.  Ontur  graved  these  rimes ;  the 
other  is  a  proper  name,  Amudar.  A  fourth, 
slightly  scratched,  but  in  larger  characters,  is 
given  in  facsimile  (p.  281,  vol,  ii.) 

J,  C,  R,  volunteers  the  solution  of  the  Runic 
problem,  but  notwithstanding  his  confident  tone, 
it  is  obvious  that  his  studies  in  Norse  epigraphy 
have  scarcely  yet  reached  that  indispensable  stage 
implied  in  a  knowledge  of  the  Runic  alphabet. 
When  J.  C,  R.  has  fully  mastered  his  alphabet, 
he  will  know  that  whatever  the  word  he  reads 
may  prove  to  be,  it  cannot  possibly  be  what  he 
makes  it.     He  remarks :  — 

"  The  first  letter  of  the  Intel-mediate  word,  which  he 
[Dr.  Wilson]  confounds  with  the  initial  letter  of  the 
alphabet,  is  an  exceptional  form  of  the  letter  t  in  the 
Icelandic  word  thana,  or  thane,  this.  The  inscription 
reads  Nikidos  thane  raist,  i.  e.  Nikolas  engraved  this ; 
plainly  referring,  not,  as  Dr.  Wilson  imagines,  [  ?  ]  to  the 
excavation  of  the  recess — which  has  all  the  appearance 
of  a  water-worn  cavity — but  to  the  mere  incision  of  the 
characters." 

As  I  state  distinctly  that  "  the  cave  of  St.  Molio 
is  little  more  than  a  water-worn  recess  in  the 
sandstone  rock,"  and  moreover  that  the  word  raist 
is  "the  preterite  of  rista,  to  engrave,"  the  latter 
correction  seems  somewhat  superfluous.  But  to 
the  main  question.  There  is,  truly  enough,  in 
the  Runic  alphabet,  one  character  for  t  and  another 
for  h,  but  there  is  also  a  third  simple  one  for  th. 
In  the  more  complex  Anglo-Saxon  runes  there 
are  two  signs,  one  for  the  hard  th  Q>),  as  in  thin, 
another  for  the  soft  th  (S)  as  in  thine.    But  J.  C,  R, 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'd  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67. 


may  just  as  well  display  Ms  knowledge  of  Greek 
"by  ignoring  the  theta,  and  writing  Tt)€os  for  &eos,  as 
seek  in  Runic  inscriptions  for  an  example  of  thane 
graven  with  one  vsign  (tyi")  for  t,  and  another 
(hagi)  for  h,  instead  of  with  the  ]>  (thurs). 

J.  C.  R.'s  etymological  handhng  of  St.  MoUo 
is  on  a  par  with  his  mastery  of  Runic  epigraphy. 
Celtic  proper  names  of  the  same  class  are  familiar 
to  the  Scottish  historical  student,  e.  g.  Melbrigda, 
Malbride,  i.  e.  the  servant  of  St.  Bridget ;  Mael- 
patric,  of  St.  Patrick ;  Malcolm,  of  St.  Columba, 
&c.  But  it  will  best  economise  your  valuable 
space  if  I  refer  him  to  the  historical  notes  of  the 
late  distinguished  Northern  scholar,  Professor 
Munch  of  Christiania,  in  his  Chronica  Regum 
Manice,  where  he  will  find  the  name  Melasey, 
given  in  the  Norse  Saga  to  Holy  Island,  derived 
from  "the  hermit  St.  Maeliosa — i.  e.  servant  of 
Jesus — or  Malise,  otherwise  Molios." 

J.  C.  R.  does  not  appear  to  be  aware  that  the 
bed,  chair,  &c.  of  the  saint,  on  Holy  Island,  are 
characteristic  relics  of  a  class  very  familiar  to 
Scottish  archfeologists  on  widely  separated  locali- 
ties associated  with  the  favourite  saints  of  the 
early  Celtic  church. 

I  should  have  replied  to  Dr.  Rogers's  original 
query ;  but  "  N.  &  Q."  reach  me  here,  in  monthly 
parts,  so  long  after  date,  that  the  time  for  an 
answer  seemed  to  have  gone  by ;  and  the  in- 
evitable intervals  are  too  great,  should  discussion 
be  aimed  at.  I  beg,  however,  to  refer  him  to  the 
second  edition  of  the  work  he  quotes  from,  for 
the  latest  notices  of  St.  Molio's  Cave  and  Runes. 
Daniel  Wilson. 

University  College,  Toronto,  Canada. 


PEWS :  PODIUM. 
(S'"  S.  xi.  46,  421.) 
Your  correspondent  P.  E,  M.  began  by  saying 
that  pews  were  not  in  use  at  all  before  the  Re- 
formation, that  there  were  no  examples  of  such, 
and  that  seats  of  any  kind  were  exceptional. 
When  I  pointed  out  that  this  was  contraiy  to 
facts,  he  shifted  his  ground,  and  said  they  were 
introduced  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  cen- 
turies, and  that  they  were  exceptional  even  then, 
adducing  as  proof  that,  in  a  list  of  ancient 
churches,  there  were  only  existing  remains  in 
twenty  out  of  sixty-three  instances:  I  having 
accepted  this  comparison  and  held  it  to  \\q,  on  the 
contrary,  an  unanswerable  proof  of  their  general 
prevalence.  He  now  tells  us  that  "  the  number 
so  educed  is  probably  too  high  "  —  for  that  Mr. 
Brandon  would  only  notice  more  interesting 
churches,  whicli  would  be  more  likely  to  have 
old  seats.  This  I  deny  in  toto.  As  a  rule,  one 
was  far  more  likely  to  find  such  remains  in  out- 
of-the-way  poor  neighbourhoods,  where  poverty 


had  prevented  innovation.  This  is  certainly  my 
experience.  In  addition  to  this,  he  now  instances 
four  or  five  illuminations ;  two  of  which  I  know 
to  be,  and  all  of  which  I  feel  sure,  are  of  French 
execution,  and  so  have  nothing  on  earth  to  do 
with  the  controversy.  Nobody  ever  said  that 
fixed  seats  were  the  rule  in  France.  Again,  I 
said  that  the  extraordinary  excellence  of  the  late 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  century  wood-workers 
caused  to  a  very  great  extent  the  refitting  of  our 
churches ;  and  in  answer  to  this  we  are  told,  that 
the  culminating  point  of  Grothic  art  was  the  end 
of  the  thirteenth  century.  This  looks  like  a 
quibble ;  but  whether  so  or  not,  I  have  only  to 
remind  P.  E.  M.  that  we  are  not  discussing  Gothic 
art  and  its  excellence,  but  Gothic  wuod-work. 
If  he  knows  of  numerous  instances  of  Gothic 
wood-work  of  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  centuiy, 
''in  design  and  execution"  superior  to  the  im- 
mense quantity  we  have,  or  alas  had  (for  much 
of  the  finest  of  it  has  been  during  the  last  few 
years  swept  away  by  the  idiots  who  have  pro- 
fessed to  restore),  of  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
century  wood- work,  he  will  be  doing  a  great  ser- 
vice to  your  readers  if  he  will  say  where  they 
also  may  see  it. 

I  remember  misereres  at  Exeter  and  Westmin- 
ster ;  the  fragment  at  Peterborough ;  the  plaia 
door  at  Ely ;  and  a  bit  perhaps  at  Canterbury, 
and  a  few  more  fragments.  If  much  more  exist, 
I  should  be  really  obliged  for  information  either 
privately  or  in  your  columns.  Even  in  the  case 
of  the  Exeter  stalls,  where  the  misereres  were  of 
such  high  art  that  they  were  retained,  the  rest  of 
the  wood-work  was  done  away  with  in  accordance 
with  the  prevailing  fashion.  When  we  consider 
the  immense  amount  of  money  bestowed  upon 
ecclesiastical  matters  in  the  fourteenth  and  fif- 
teenth centuries,  the  alteration  of  wood-work 
does  not  appear  to  be  nearly  so  "  prodigious  "  as 
the  transmogrification  of  chiirches  in  general  that 
has  taken  place  in  our  own  time. 

In  conclusion,  I  am  accused  of  misrepresenta- 
tion (rather  a  hard  word,  when  I  was  simply 
asking  for  a  reference  to  a  particular  term  which 
I  believed  to  be  generally  misunderstood,)  in 
saying  that  Mr.  Parker  said  that  podium  occurred 
iuDurandus.  This  was  to  save  your  space.  I  should 
have  said  that  Mr.  Parker  gave  2)oditim  as  the 
Latin  for  seat ;  and  in  a  note  said,  that  "  open 
benches  or  seats  were  mentioned  in  Durandus." 
Can  P.  E.  M,,  or  any  other  correspondent,  give 
any  other  reference  than  chap,  v.,  either  for  the 
word  2Jodiinn,  or  for  open  benches  or  seats  ?  I  have 
no  doubt  that  the  above  passage  has  nothing 
whatever  to  do  with  seats,  or  tlie  insides  of 
churches.  If  I  had  known  that  this  gentleman 
doubted  the  antiquity  of  glass,  tiles,  and_  other 
flooring,  &c.,  I  should  not  have  interfered  with  his 
discoveries.  J.  C.  J. 


8»d  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67,] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


501 


Podium  is  not  exactly  a  specimen  of  monkish 
Latin,  though  it  may  have  been  used  by  monks ; 
since  it  occurs  in  Juvenal,  Sat.  ii.  145, 

Speaking  of  a  nobleman  contending  as  a  gladia- 
tor in  the  arena,  he  says  :  — 

"  Et  Capitolinis  generosior,  et  Marcellis, 
Et  Catulis,  Paulique-minoribus  et  Fabiis,  et 
Omnibus  ad  podium  spectantibus,"  &c. 

A  note  by  Valpy,  to  ''  ad  podium  spectantibus," 
says : — 

"  Quibusvis  nobilibus,  qui  hidos  spectant  e  podio 
Theatri  loco,  ubi  primus  ordo  subselliorum ;  ita  ordinante 
Augusto.     Sueton.,  Octav.,  c.  44." 

"  Fodiu7n.]  Projectura  quajdam  est,  ceu  projectum  e 
muro  ajdificium;  a  pede  dictum  est,  quia  velut  pes  e 
pariete  saepiiis  ab  ima  iedium  parte  exstruitur  podium, 
procedit,  ac  porrigitur.  Vide  Vitruv.,  1,  v.;  Alex,  ab 
Alex.,  y.  16." 

I  am  not  satisfied  with  the  derivation  of  pew 
from  podium,  but  am  unable  to  suggest  a  better. 

W.  D. 


QUAETER-MASTER,  ETC. 
(3'<i  S.  iv.  29 ;  xi.  446.) 

The  reason  why  the  query  has  so  long  re- 
mained unanswered  is,  undoubtedly,  the  difficulty 
of  doing  so  in  any  reasonable  space,  I  will,  how- 
ever, endeavour  to  give  S.  P,  V.  some  information 
on  the  subject  as  shortly  as  I  can. 

In  the  time  of  the  Stewarts  there  was  no 
general  rule  as  to  the  constitution  of  a  regiment. 
When  one  was  to  be  raised,  a  warrant  was  issued 
under  the  sign  manual,  fixing  its  strength  and  the 
number  and  rank  of  its  oflicers,  which  was  styled 
its  establishment,  and  was  by  no  means  identical 
in  all  cases. 

JFirsf  Quarter -Maste7\ — It  was  the  custom  at 
that  time  that  each  troop  should  have  a  quarter- 
master, as  is  the  case  at  present  in  many,  if  not 
all,  yeomanry  regiments.  These  were  never  com- 
missioned, but  take  precedence  of  all  other  non- 
commissioned ofiicers.  Their  names  frequently  j 
appear  in  the  printed  regimental  lists.  I  have 
before  me  as  I  write  a  local  almanac  for  1864,  in 
which  the  names  of  these  ofiicers  in  the  regiment 
of  yeomanry  to  which  I  belong  are  given.  Their 
duties  are  those  of  a  quarter-master  sergeant  in 
the  regular  army. 

Second  Sergeants-Major.  —  In  the  Household 
Cavalry  Brigade,  there  are  no  sergeants,  only 
corporals;  and  each  troop  has  a  corporal  major, 
who  is  constantly  addressed  and  spoken  of  as 
simply  major. 

Sergcant-Major- General. — To  explain  this  now 
obsolete  title  we  must  go  back  to  its  Latin  origin, 
serviens,  in  the  sense  of  one  serving  for  anotlier. 
Sergeant  may  then  be  represented  by  our  modern 
terms  adjutant,  assistant  deputy,  &c. 

Carriage-Master  is  also  an  obsolete  term,  but 


it  is  evident  that  his  duties  were  to  find  means 
of  transport  for  the  regiment— a  duty  now  per- 
formed by  the  regimental  quarter-master,  or,  when 
regiments  are  brigaded,  by  the  officers  of  the 
commissariat  or  transport  corps. 

Geokge  Vere  Irving. 


The  following  quotation  from  L'Estrange's  His- 
tory of  King  Charles  may  be  of  some  use  to 
S.  P.  V. :  — 

"  The  first  design  of  this  fleet  was  intended  against 
Fort  Lewes,  upon  the  continent,  near  Rocliel.  But  we 
were  diverted  bv  a  stratagem  of  the  Duke  d'AngouIesm, 
who  .  .  .  ordered  his  quarter-masters  to  take  up  as 
much  accommodation  in  the  villages  for  quarters  as 
would  suffice  for  fifteen  thousand  men."— P.  68. 

J,  M.  COWPER. 


FLORENTIXE  CUSTOM. 
(S'''  S.  xi.  438.) 
This  ''  custom  "  is  evidently  an  abuse.  The 
original  ceremony,  properly  adhered  to,  is  instruc- 
tive and  edifying ;  but,  like  some  others,  it  has 
in  different  places  been  carried  to  unwarrantable 
excess.  The  office  of  Tenebrce  is  in  reality  the 
usual  office  of  Matins  and  Lauds,  but  recited  on 
Wednesday,  Thursday,  and  Friday  in  Holy  Week, 
with  particular  ceremonies.  One  of  these  is,  that 
at  the  conclusion  of  the  canticle  Beiiedictus,  the 
top  candle  of  the  triangular  candlestick,  which 
alone  remains  lighted,  is  removed  and  hidden  be- 
hind the  altar  during  the  Miserere,  to  represent 
the  death  and  burial  of  our  Blessed  Saviour,  At 
the  end  of  the  prayer  Respice,  the  candle  is  brought 
forth,  and  set  up  again  on  the  top  of  the  trian- 
gular candlestick,  on  a  signal  being  given  by  the 
officiating  priest  by  striking  with  his  hand  on  his 
book,  or  on  a  seat,  and  those  in  the  choir  doing 
the  same.  The  following  is  the  direction  in  the 
ancient  "  Casremoniale  Episcoporum  " :  — 

"  Cseremoniarius  manu  scabellum  seu  librum  percu- 
tiens  per  breve  spatium  strepitum  fragoremque  facit,  et 
a  creteris  fit,  donee  creremoniarius  cereum  praedictura 
accensum,  qui  fuerat  absconditus,  in  medium  profert,  quo 
prolato,  omnes  cessare  debent  a  strepitu." 

This  is  to  be  observed  when  the  bishop  offici- 
ates; but  when  the  officiant  is  a  priest,  he  him- 
self begins  the  noise,  which  is  continued  by  the 
clergy  in  the  choir.  It  is  intended,  however,  to 
be  short  and  very  moderate  :  the  rubric  in  the 
Breviary  is  merely  "  Fit  fragor  et  strepitus  ali- 
quantulum."  It  should  be  done  by  the  clergy 
only :  the  laity  ought  by  no  means  to  take  part 
in  it.  Komsee,  in  his  excellent  Praxis  divini 
Officii,  has  the  following  judicious  observation: — 

"  Hie  strepitus  est  edendus  a  solis  clericis,  sine  risu  et 
absque  immodestia  ;  debetque  esse  levis,  ait  enim  rubrica, 
Jit  fragor  et  strepitus  aliquantulum.  Laici  ergo  ad  ilium 
concurrere  nullatenus  possunt ;  impediendique  sunt  pro 


502 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


■  3'-a  S.  XI.  Juke  22,  '67. 


viribus  ab  omni  petulantia,  quae  tanta  est  in  nonnullis 
ecclesiis,  ut  fere  scamna  confringant." 

Such,  I  fear,  is  the  abusive  practice  at  Florence. 
The  noise  is  intended  to  represent  the  earthquake, 
the  rending  of  rocks  and  of  the  veil  of  the  temple, 
the  opening  of  the  graves,  and  the  general  con- 
vulsion of  all  nature  at  our  Saviour's  death.  The 
candle  brought  forth  again  lighted  typifies  our 
Lord's  resurrection.  P.  C.  H. 

In  Mendelssohn's  letters  mention  is  made  of  a 
similar  custom,  after  the  singing  of  the  Miserere 
in  the  Sistine  Chapel,  only  there  the  noise  is  made 
by  the  cardinals  shuffling  their  feet  on  the  pave- 
ment. Mendelssohn  mentions  that  in  the  book 
explaining  the  ceremonies  of  Holy  Week,  this 
noise  is  said  (if  I  mistake  not)  to  symbolise  the 
stir  and  commotion  attending  the  Saviour's  appre- 
hension by  the  band  of  men.  In  Lower  Canada 
I  remember  hearing  around  the  Catholic  churches, 
on  the  evening  before  Good  Friday,  a  loud  clatter- 
ing made,  chiefly  by  boys  with  two  thin  pieces  of 
wood  held  between  the  fingers  and  rattled  like 
castanets ;  so  that  the  custom  seems  very  general. 
P.  E.  N. 

JAMES  HAMILTON  OF  BOTHWELLHAUGH,  THE 

ASSASSIN  OF  THE  REGENT  MORAY. 

(S--*  S.  xi.  453.) 

Till  I  read  the  note  of  Anglo-Scottjs,  it  had 
never  occurred  to  me  to  look  into  the  Records,  in 
verification  of  the  poetical  history  of  Bothwell- 
haugh  and  his  revenge.  Having  now  done  so,  I 
have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  it  to  be  an 
unmitigated  myth. 

Sir  Walter  Scott's  note  on  his  poem  of  Cadyow 
Castle  is  as  follows :  — 

"  Few  suns  have  set  since  Woodhouslee." 

"This  baronv,  stretching  along  the  banks  of  the  Esk 
near  Auchendinny,  belonged  to  Bothwellhaugh  in  right  of 
his  tuife.  The  ruins  of  the  mansion  from  whence  she  was 
expelled  in  the  brutal  manner  which  occasioned  her  death, 
are  still  to  be  seen." 

In  Archbishop  Spottiswoode's  History  to  which 
Sir  Walter  refers,  we  find  (vol.  ii.  p.  119,  edit. 
1851) — 

"The  adverse  faction,  finding  his  [Regent  Moray] 
authoritj-  daily  to  increase,  and  despairing  of  success  in 
their  attempts  so  long  as  he  lived,  resolved  by  some 
violent  means  to  cut  him  off.  One  James  Hamilton  of 
Bothwellhaugh,  did  offer  his  service.  This  man  had  been 
imprisoned  some  time,  and  being  in  danger  of  his  life, 
redeemed  the  same  by  making  over  a  parcel  of  land  in 
Lothian,  called  Woodhouselee,  that  came  to  him  by  his 
wife,  to  Sir  James  Bellenden,  Justice  Clerk." 

On  referring,  however,  to  the  records  of  Parlia- 
ment (Act.  Pari.  iii.  47-54)  I  find  that  on  Au- 
gust 18, 1568,  David  Hamilton,  described  as  "  son 
to  the  guidman  of  Boithwilhauch,"  and  afterwards 
as  "  son  to  umquhill  David  Hamilton  of  Both- 


wellhauch,"  was  arraigned  for  treason  on  account 
of  his  having  been  at  Langside,  and  that  the 
heralds  reported  that  they  had  cited  him  at  his 
dwellinff-place  of  Wodhouslie  and  Barcosh.  He 
not  appearing,  a  decree  of  forfeiture  was  passed 
against  him  on  the  foUovdng  day. 

The  next  entry  I  find  in  the  records  of  Parlia- 
ment is  on  October  26, 1579  (Act.  Pari.  iii.  129,  et 
seq.),  which  is  headed, "  Forisfactura  Joannis  Ham- 
milton  commendatarii  de  Abirbrothok,  Claudii 
commendatarii  de  Paislay  et  aliorum."  Among  the 
accused  are  "  Jacobus  Hamilton  de  Wodhouslie, 
alias  de  Bothwelhauch  tmncupatus,"  and  "Joannes 
Hamilton,  prepositum  de  Bothvil,  ejus  fratrem." 
It  contains  a  long  account  of  the  particulars  of  the 
assassination  of  the  Regent,  and  although  it  can 
only  be  regarded  as  an  ex  parte  statement,  would 
hardly  have  been  put  forward  without  evidence  to 
support  it.     The  statements  are  as  follows :  — 

1.  That  the  accused  had  conspired  to  murder 
the  Regent. 

2.  That  Wodhouslie,  instructed  by  them,  se- 
creted himself,  in  the  silence  of  night,  in  the 
house  of  the  former  {quondam)  Archbishop  of  St. 
Andrews,  in  Linlithgow,  knowing  that  the  Re- 
gent was  to  pass  through  that  town. 

3.  That  he  was  provided  with  a  swift  horse 
belonging  to  the  Commendator  of  Aberbrothok, 
which  he  fastened  in  the  garden, 

4.  It  is  then  narrated  that  Bothwellhaucli  took 
his  post  at  a  window, 

"  Ubi  interim  insidiando  stabat,  bombardum  quondam 
longam  duobis  globis  plumbeis  suffultam  intendebat  et 
laxabat  directe  versus  ejus  umbilicum  et  ventrem,  quibus 
duobis  globis  fulmine  emissis  nobilissimum  et  innocentis- 
simum  ipsius  corpus,  in  medio  sue  turbe,  crudelissime  per- 
fossum  erat  adeo  ut  brevi  eo  ipso  ictu  seu  fulmine  interiit, 
ad  iugens  impiorum  solatium  sed  ad  gravem  lameiita- 
tionem  et  formidabile  status  nostri  discrimen." 

4.  It  is  then  related  that  Hamilton  retreated 
by  a  postern  in  the  back  of  the  house,  mounted  on 
the  horse,  and  escaped  by  its  swiftness,  going  to 
the  rest  of  his  accomplices,  who  were  residing  in 
the  lordship  of  Hamilton  and  looking  for  his 
advent. 

5.  That  his  accomplices  — 

"  Eumque  eorum  consortio  libenter  admiserunt  manu- 
tenuerunt  et  sustinuerunt  per  multos  menses  contiuuo 
post  prepetrationem  prefati  sceleris  donee  tandem  limore 
punitionis  ipse  cum  dicto  Joanne  Hamilton  preposito  de 
Bothvill  ejus  fratre  et  sceleris  socio  ad  partes  ultra  marinas 
auxilio  reliquorum  conspiratorum  predict™  aufugit." 

6.  Then  follows  this  remarkable  statement :  — 
"  In  verification  of  the  above,  Arthur  Hamilton,  in 

Myrritoun  (who  on  the  penultimate  day  of  the  last 
month  of  May  undei-went  death  for  his  traitorous  crimes 
in  our  burgh  of  Stirling)  confessed  in  the  said  burgh,  not 
only  for  several  days  before  his  execution,  and  also  in  the 
presence  of  certain  Lords  of  our  secret  Council  deputed 
by  us  to  hear  his  declaration,  but  also  at  the  time  of  his 
trial,  and  even  at  the  place  of  execution,  '  quod  dicti  com- 
mendatarii erant  in  consilio  prefati  proditorie  murthure 
dicti  nostri  avunculi  et  Regentis  et  quod  dictus  Jacobus 


3'd  S.  XI.  JuJJE  22,  '67.J 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


503 


H.  de  VYodhouslie  obtinuit  in  feofamentum  centum  libra- 
rum  terrarum  de  Monkton,  pro  perpetratione  hujusmodi 
nefandi  sceleris  in  quibus  dictus  commendatarius  de 
Aberbrothok  infeodatus  erat  et  quod  hec  omnia  didicit  et 
intellexit  a  prefato  Claudio  commendatorio  de  Paisley, 
per  ejus  expressum  narrationem  in  uemore  de  Hamilton 
post  decessum  dicti  nostri  avunculi  et  Regentis  affirm- 
ando  tunc  temporis  et  loci  dicti  quondam  Arthuro  quod 
numquam  inquietaret  dictum  Jacobum  Hamilton  de 
Wodhouslie  in  sua  possessione  prefatarum  terrarum  de 
Monktoun  eoque  satis  care  easdera  lucratus  erat." 

On  August  22,  1584  (Act.  Pari.  iii.  335),  it  is 
stated  that  ''  Arthiirus  Hamilton,  callit  of  Both- 
■wellhauch,  was  forfeited  for  being  engaged  in  the 
raid  of  Stirling  in  1578."  He  is,  however,  one  of 
the  persons  included  in  the  Act  of  Restitution  of 
Dec.  10,  1585  (Act.  Pari.  iii.  383),  where  he  is 
simply  styled  of  Bothwellhauche. 

In  the  ] nquisitiones  Speciales  for  Lanarkshire 
we  find  the  following  entries :  — 

"  No.  34,  March  27,  1G02.  Alisona  Hamilton  hasres 
Davidis  H.  de  Both-vvelhauche,  avi  in  parte  tofta3  seu 
Mansionis  de  Bothwel-park  in  baronia  de  Botb-\ile.  E. 
40d." 

And  on  October  8,  1608,  No.  83  — 

"  Joannes  Hamilton  hoares  Joannis  de  Orbiston  patris 
in  annuo  reditu  40  m.  de  terris  de  Bothvilhauch  in  paro- 
chia  de  Bothvile." 

From  this  last  notice  it  is  extremely  probable, 
although  I  have  no  direct  evidence  of  the  fact, 
that  the  above-mentioned  annual  rent  fell  into 
arrear,  and  that  Orbiston  adjudged  the  lands  for 
the  same ;  after  which  there  can  be  little  doubt 
that  they  were  transmitted  in  the  manner  men- 
tioned by  ANGLO-ScoTrs,  with  the  exception  of 
their  having  been  lost  at  cards,  which,  to  my 
mind,  bears  so  strong  a  resemblance  to  a  well- 
known  Devonshire  incident,  that  I  must  conclude 
with  I'm  doute.  Geokge  Yere  iRviifG 


Richard  Deaxe,  the  Regicide  (3'<i  S.  xi. 
417.) — Heath  gathered  his  information,  such  as  it 
was,  from  Dr.  Bates,  who  knew  nothing  what- 
ever of  his  subject.  The  notion  that  Richard 
Deane  was  of  Ipswich  may  have  originated  in  his 
probable  connection  in  early  life  with  that  port, 
either  as  a  naval  cadet  on  board  an  armed  mer- 
chantman— for  such  was  in  those  times  the  usual 
place  of  education  for  the  Royal  Navy — or  from 
his  transactions  in  after  life,  when  he  may  have 
possibly  frequented  that-  port  in  the  service  of  his 
uncle.  Sir  Richard  Deane,  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 
But  no  record  of  him,  of  any  kind,  was  found  by 
Mr.  Fitch,  who  searched  all  the  registers  and 
records  of  Ipswich  twenty  years  ago. 

I  can  fully  corroborate  the  information  supplied 
by  Mr.  Swifte,  June  15,  with  the  addition  that 
both  by  his  mother,  Anne  Wass,  and  grandmother, 
Margaret  Wykeham,  Richard  Deane  was  closely 
allied  to  several  of  the  leading  families  of  Buck- 


inghamshire, and  among  the  rest  to  that  of  Hamp- 
den. Hence,  probably,  his  intimate  connection 
with  Cromwell,  whose  lion  rampant  (not  that  of 
Dene  of  Leicestershire)  was  exhibited  among  the 
escutcheons  of  his  hearse. 

This  affinity  would  account  for  his  otherwise 
extraordinarily  rapid  rise  in  seven  years  from  a 
volunteer  of  artillery  in  1642  to  the  rank  of  major- 
general,  and  one  of  the  three  generals-at-sea  in 
1649.  The  genealogy  of  the  family  of  Deane  of 
Guiting  may  be  seen  in  Nichols'  Collectanea  Ge~ 
nealogica,  iii.  190,  where  the  claims  of  Joseph  Deane 
(brother  of  Richard)  to  a  foimder's  kinship  at  Win- 
chester College,  by  descent  from  the  Wykehams, 
is  fully  stated.  J.  B.  D. 

Hai^nah  Lightfoot  i;^'^  S.  xi.  484.)  —  While 
it  remains  doubtful  as  to  when  the  first  printed 
allusion  to  the  Lightfoot  scandal  appeared,  and  as 
to  the  authority  upon  which  it  rests,  the  following 
extract  from  the  Mirror  of  Literature  for  Jan.  3, 
1835  (vol.  xxv.  p.  3),  may  be  regarded  as  having 
considerable  explanatory  interest :  — 

"  '  Mr.  Combe,  the  autliov  of  Dr.  Syntax,  &c.,  adopted 
a  young  man,  educated  him  as  his  son,  and  by  way  of 
fortune,  intended  to  leave  him  all  his  MSS.,  aware  that 
their  publication  would  bring  him  in  a  considerable  sum. 
The  youth,  however,  offended  his  patron  deeply  by  falling 
in  love  with,  and  marrying,  a  daughter  of  the  famous 
Olivia  Serres,  soi-disanf  Princess  Olive  of  Cumberland, 
and  from  that  moment  Mr.  Combe  resolved  to  disinherit 
him.  With  this  intent,  he  made  up  his  mind  to  burn  all 
his  manuscripts,  and  for  a  whole  week  previously  to  his 
decease,  the  candle  he  emploj-ed  in  this  conflagration  was 
never  extinguished.' 

"  '  This  anecdote  I  give,'  continues  the  narrator, '  as  it 
was  some  time  since  detailed  to  me  by  one  of  Mr.  Combe's 
acquaintances  who  well  knew  him  ;  and  I  have  only 
further  to  remark  that  it  involves  a  curious  question. 
Since  Princess  Olive's  decease,"  which  occurred  about  six 
I  weeks  previous  to  the  appearance  of  this  article  in  the 
3Iirror,  "  an  advertisement  has  appeared  in  The  Times 
newspaper,  inviting  her  daughter  to  view,  while  yet 
above  ground,  the  remains  of  her  beloved  mother ;  but 
lo  !  after  the  lapse  of  a  few  days,  a  j'oung  man  presented 
himself  at  one  of  the  police  offices,  and,  noticing  this  ad- 
vertisement, begged  to  assure  the  worthy  magistrate 
presiding  that  tihe  Princess  Olive,  his  mother,  never  had 
a  daughter  ! '  "  * 

The  above  statement,  and  that  afi'orded  by 
Mr.  Thoms  at  p.  484  of  this  volume,  are  very 
remarkable  as  bringing  into  contact  the  two 
earliest  "  authorities "'  to  whom  the  Lightfoot 
scandal  has  as  yet  been  traced — William  Combe 
and  Olivia  Wilmot  Serres.  To  me  Combe's  ac- 
tion, in  destroying  all  his  manuscripts  when  he 
found  that  his  adopted  heir  was  determined  to 
marry  the  daughter  of  a  lady  with  whose  literary 
craft  he  was  probably  well  acquainted,  appears  to 
have  special  significance.     Is  anything  known  of 


[*  This  must  be  an  error,  as  Mrs.  Ryves  established 
her  descent  from  Mrs.  Serres  in  her  suit  in  1861. — Ed. 
"K  &Q."] 


504 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI,  June  22,  '67. 


the  person  who  represented  himself  as  the  Prin- 
cess Olive's  son  ?  Caictjttensis. 

Caress  (3"'  S.  xi.  417.)— A  reference  to  Todd's 
Johnson  shows  that  ccerws  is  a  misprint  for  cams. 
But  the  Doctor  is  right  enough.  Just  as  duritia, 
from  the  Lat.  duinis,  becomes  Ital.  durezza  and 
Old  Fr.  duresse,  so  does  caritia,  from  earns,  be- 
come Ital.  carezza  and  French  caresse,  and  there  is 
no  difficulty  about  it.  Caritia  is  uncommon,  but 
Mr.  Wedgwood  gives  a  quotation  for  it.  At  the 
same  time,  I  must  say,  Johnson  is  very  unsafe  to 
trust  to  for  etymologies,  and,  indeed,  many  and 
many  a  query  about  derivations  may  be  solved  at 
once  by  a  reference  to  Wedgwood's  Etymological 
Dictionary,  or  to  the  edition  of  Webster  published 
by  Bell  and  Daldy,  in  which  the  etymologies  have 
been  revised  by  Dr.  Mahn.  By  help  of  these  works 
we  are  enabled  to  dispense  with  such  theories 
as  the  ^'Massilhan"  one  given  in  Todd's  Johnson, 
which  one  cannot  believe  without  far  more  evi- 
dence. Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Cambridge. 

"  Caresser.  De  carisciare,  fait  de  cams.  Carus,  cari, 
cariscus,  cariscius,  carisciare.  Meric  Casaubon,  p.  294,  de 
Lingua  Anglica  veteri,fsi\i  mention  de  deux  autres  etymo- 
logies de  ce  mot :  Ex.  Karape^eiv,  demulcere,  Galli  suum 
caresser  effinxisse,  memini  alicubi  legere.  Vulgo  tamen 
(sed  non  ita  probabiliter)  ex  x^P'r^""^"';  quod  aliud 
est.  Trippault  est  de  ceux  qui  le  d^rivent  de  x°-p'^t^cSai. 
II  est  sans  doute  qu'il  vientde  carus ;  dont  les  Italiens 
ont  aussi  fait  carezzare,  et  careggiare,"  &c.  —  Menage, 
Dictionnaire  Etymologique  de  la  Langue  Frangoise,  s,  v. 

Bescherelle,  in  his  Dictionnaire  National  de  la 
Langue  Franqaise,  gives  one  derivation  only,  from 
Gr.  Ka^pe^etv.  There  are,  in  my  opinion,  two 
strong  objections  to  the  probability  of  this  deriva- 
tion: 1.  the  future  tense  of  pef«  and  its  com- 
pounds ends,  not  in  o-a,  but  ^a>.  2.  The  French 
derivative  would  have  begn  spelt,  if  this  had  been 
its  origin,  with  a  double  r,  thus,  eatress.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  is  not  improbable  that  in  com- 
pany with  cams  and  cher  it  came  from  x°-P^^  ^uid 
Xapieis.  In  Richardson's  Dictionary  there  is  much 
the  same  as  what  has  been  given  above,  with  a 
reference  to  Skinner.  Your  correspondent  re- 
marks, "It  would  be  a  curious  inquiry  what 
French  words  come  through  that  source  (the 
ancient  colony  that  settled  at  Massilia  ").  How 
can  the  Greek  words  which  were  imported  into 
French  by  the  Marseilles  descendants  of  the 
Greeks  be  distinguished  from  those  which  were 
also  derived  from  the  Greek  language,  but  me- 
diately through  the  Latin  ?  It  would  be  easy  to 
collect  through  the  Dictionaries  of  Menage  and 
Bescherelle  the  terms  which  are  supposed  to  have 
been  derived  from  Greek  immediately  or  medi- 
ately, but  the  inquiry  suggested  hj  Sir  Thomas 
E.  Wii^jNrmGTOjsr  can  be  satisfactorily  answered 
only  by  a  careful  separation  of  such  Greek  ety- 
mons as  have  not  been  transfused  into  the  Latin 


language,  e,  g.  nrdpeffis.  "  Paresse.  Je  crois  que  ce 
mot  vient  du  grec  irdpicns,  qui  signifie  relache- 
meut,  affoiblissement,  langueur,  abattement."  — 
3fenage.  Bibliothecar.  Chetham. 

Griffik  (3"1  S.  xi.  439.)  — There  is  no  doubt 
but  that  Griffin  was  early  used  to  designate  a 
Welshman,  and  it  is  apparently  a  corruption  of 
Griffith.  The  following  quotation  seems  decisive 
on  this  point :  — 

"  Godefray  of  Garlekhithe,  and  Gryffyn  the  Walshe." 
Piers  Ploughman,  ed.  Wright,  p.  96. 

Referring  to  the  various  readings  I  have  col- 
lected for  my  new  edition  of  this  poem,  I  find 
that  the  Vernon  MS.  has  Garlesscliire  for  Garlek- 
hithe, and  Griffin  for  Gryfyn.  Also,  the  Harleian 
MS.  (No.  875)  has  Garkkithe  and  Griffith,  where 
the  last  word  is  obviously  another  form  of  Griffith. 
By-the-way,  does  anybody  know  where  Garles- 
schire,  Garlekshire,  or  Garlekhithe  is?  It  seems 
to  be  a  slang  phrase  for  some  country  or  town 
where  garlick  was  much  eaten.  Was  any  place 
ever  specially  celebrated  for  this?  The  word 
garleek  occurs  again  on  the  previous  page  of  Mr. 
Wright's  edition.  Waxier  W.  Skeat, 

[The  allusion  may  be  to  Garlick  Hill.  Vintry  Ward, 
London.  Stow  says"""  There  is  the  parish  church  of  St. 
James,  called  at  Garlick  hithe,  or  Gariicke  hive  ;  for  that 
of  old  time,  on  the  bank  of  the  river  Thames,  near  to  this 
church,  garlick  was  usually  sold." — Survey  of  London, 
edit.  1842,  p.  93.— Ed.] 

The  Songs  op  Birds  (3'-'»  S.  xi.  380.)— In  ad- 
dition to  Kircher  may  be  mentioned  Bechstein, 
who  has  endeavoured  to  imitate  the  songs  of 
birds  by  "  different  strains  or  couplets  "  expressed 
phonetically.  Thus,  in  the  "  song  of  a  fine  night- 
ingale, without  including  its  delicate  variations," 
he  notes  twenty-four  of  such  strains,  of  which 
these  three  may  be  quoted  as  a  specimen :  — 

"  Zozozozozozozozozozozozozo-zoir  hading ! 
"  He-zezezezezezezezezezezezezeze-couar-ho-dze-hoe ! 
"Higaigaigaigaigaigaigai-guaigaigai-couior-dzio-dzio 
-pi!" 

Before  these  complications,  the  familiar  "jug, 
jug,  jug,"  or,  as  the  poet  Lilly  phrased,  "jug-jug- 
jug-tereu  she  cries,"  must  sink  in  simplicity,  and 
also  the  complaint  that  Chaucer's  cuckoo  made, 
to  the  nightingale,  "  Thou  say'st,  "  Osee  !  Osee !  " 
The  Hon.  Daines  Barrington  also  constructed  a 
table  in  which  he  attempted  to  show  the  compa- 
rative merits  of  singing-birds  by  marking  certain 
figures  to  denote  their  sprightly  and  plaintive 
notes,  with  their  mellowness,  compass,  and  dura- 
tion. CrrTHBERT  Bede. 

Paiiestdromic  (or  Sotadic)  Verse  (3'^  S.  xi. 
408.) — A  correspondent,  signing  himself  P.  A.  L., 
gives  the  following  hexameter  — 

"  In  girum  imus  noctu  non  ut  consumimur  igui " — 
under  the  headinpr  of  "Double  Acrostic." 


8'd  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


505 


I  notice  this  only  because  I  foresee  its  fate.  It 
will  be  indexed  under  "Double  Acrostic,"  and 
nobody  who  wants  to  find  it  will  think  of  looking 
for  it  under  that  title.  It  is  not  a  double  acrostic 
at  all.  Nobody  ever  dreamed  of  calling  Darwin's 
couplet  — 
"  Not  the  bright  stars  which  heaven's  high  arch  adorn, 

Nor  rising  suns  that  gild  a  vernal  mom  "  — 

a  double  acrostic  because  both  lines  happen  to 
begin  and  end  with  an  n,  in  which  there  is  no 
meaning.  An  accidental  meaningless  similarity 
of  initial  and  terminal  does  not  constitute  a  double 
acrostic,  though  it  is  essential  to  a  palindromic 
verse — of  which  P.  A.  L.'s  line  is  a  genuine  and, 
as  far  as  I  know,  a  hitherto  unproduced  specimen. 
At  any  rate,  its  indicative  "consumimur"  debars 
it  from  merit  on  the  score  of  its  Latinity.  *'  Igni " 
is,  I  believe,  Virgilian — "  aut  exuritur  igni." 

While  I  am  on  the  subject,  may  I  be  allowed 
to  ask,  did  anyone  ever  yet  make  a  really  good 
palindromic  verse  ia  any  language  ?  Taylor,  the 
Water-poet,  made  about  the  best : 

"  Lewd  I  did  live  &  evil  did  I  dwel." 

And  that  was  only  obtained  by  docking  "dwel" 
of  half  its  liquid,  and  contracting  "  and  "  into  &. 
As  for 

"  Signa  te,  signa,  temere  me  tangis  et  angis, 
Roma  tibi  siibito  motibus  ibit  amor," — 

I  defy  anybody  to  make  decent  sense  of  the 
pentameter. 

Those  only  who  have  amused  their  leisure  with 
such  trifles  know  how  difficult  it  is  to  construct 
a  palindromic  verse  which  can  assert  its  claims  to 
sense  and  grammar.  In  fact,  the  consonantal  col- 
locations peculiar  to  every  language  offer,  when 
reversed,  the  greatest  possible  difficulty.  The 
common  English  th  (for  instance),  when  reversed 
into  ht,  will  illustrate  my  meaning  sufficiently. 
You  may  make  ridiculous  lines,  like  the  follow- 
ing, addressed  (if  you  please)  to  a  costermonger's 
dying  cur  — 
"  Go,  droop— stop — onward  draw  no  pots  poor  dog," — 

or  you  may  make  a  dozen  Latin  ones  (all  nonsense 
verses),  such  as  I  printed  long  ago  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
(1'*  S.  vii.  297)  under  another  signature  than 
that  which  I  now  affix ;  but  I  never  yet  saw  any, 
in  any  language,  which  deserved  to  be  called 
ffood.  H.  K. 

5,  Paper  Buildings,  'I^mple. 

TiJRPIN'S  OE  NEVIIfSON'S  ElDE  TO  YoRK  (•3^''  S. 

xi.  283, 440.)— The  account  quoted  by  The  Standard 
from  Dickens's  All  the  Year  Itormd  is  but  a 
rechauffe  of  that  given  in  "N".  &  Q."  (2°^  S.  ix. 
433)  from  A  Tour  through  the  ivhole  Islatid  of 
Great  Britain,  by  Defoe  (?),  of  the  apocryphal 
ride  by  some  mythical  highwaj^man,  here  called 
"Nicks,"  i.e.  Swift  Nick,  the  sobriquet  of  John 


[not  William]  Nevinson,  the  Claude  Du  Val  of 
the  North. 

The  best  relation  of  the  former  hero's  rather 
matter-of-fact  crimes  is  to  be  found  in  the  Depo- 
sitiotis  from  York  Castle,  edited  by  the  Rev.  J. 
Raine  for  the  Surtees  Society  (pp.  219,  259), 
where  the  evidence  about  some  ofl:ence  of  Nevin- 
son's  (the  nature  of  which  does  not  appear,  im- 
fortunately,)  imder  the  date  of  March  1675-76,  ia 
partly  reported,  but  without  the  least  allusion  to 
the  famous  gallop.  Mr.  Raine,  indeed,  casually 
refers  to  it ;  evidently  from  hearsay  however,  and 
not  from  anything  furnished  by  the  depositions. 
So  much  for  Nevinson's  claim,  which  is  not  sup- 
ported in  any  contemporary  songs  or  broadsides 
that  I  have  met  with,  though  they  do  justice  to 
his  qualifications  in  the  saddle.  There  is  a  scarce 
Life  of  him  referred  to  by  Mr.  Raine,  but  it  has 
not  fallen  under  my  ken. 

As  for  Turpin's  claim,  I  have  looked  in  vain 
through  the  "  Genuine  Biistory  of  his  Life,"  pub- 
lished the  year  of  his  execution,  1739,  but  cannot 
find  the  faintest  allusion  to  an  adventure  of  190 
miles  stretch. 

All  this  seems  to  corroborate  the  assertion  of 
Lord  Macaulay,  as  quoted  by  Mk.  Hotten 
C  N.  &  Q.,"  2°i  S.  ix.  386),  that  the  tradition  has 
been  fathered  on  each  knight  of  the  pad  who  has 
risen  to  notoriety  in  the  last  three  hundred  years. 
Archimedes. 

In  a  chronology  of  York,  appended  to  the  York 
County  Ahnanac  for  1866, 1  find  the  following : 
"•  1739,  Turpin,  highwayman,  executed  at  York, 
April  7th."  What  authority  is  there  for  the 
statement?*  C.  F.  F. 

Brewood. 

"  Blanket  op  the  Dark  "  (S'"*  S.  vii.  51,  176, 
266,  316.)— Has  it  been  noticed  that  Defoe  {His- 
tory  of  the  Devil,  ed.  1739,  p.  59)  uses  the  expres- 
sion "blue  blanket"  for  the  sky?  The  passage 
runs  thus :  — 

"  So  we  must  be  content  till  we  come  on  the  other  side 
of  the  blue  blanket,  and  then  we  shall  know  the  whole 
story." 

It  is  very  "low"  and  "vulgar"  in  Defoe  to 
employ  such  a  word  certainly,  and  so  it  is  in 
Shakspere ;  but  I  am  afraid  he  did,  and  that  he 
just  meant  dark-blanket = dark  covering=dark 
sky;  as  blue-blanket  =  blue  covering  =  blue  sky. 
Those  who  demand  gentility  in  style,  will  stUl 
desire  to  substitute  "  blankness  "  or  "  blackness," 
or  "blankest"  or  "blonquet";  but  those  who  are 
contented  with  simple  truth,  may  perhaps  be 
allowed  to  keep  their  "blanket."  Can  anyone 
match  Defoe's  expression  from  some  earlier  au- 
thor? May  I  conjecture  that  the  Masonic  ban- 
ner, '■'  the  blue  blanket,"  whose  history  carries  us 
back  apparently  to  the  time  of  the  Crusades  (2"* 

[*   Gentleman's  3Iagazine,  ix.  213.] 


506 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67 


S.  vi.  65),  is  intended  to  symbolise  the  sky? 
Will  some  learned  Mason  throw  light  upon  this 
interesting  subj  ect  ?  Letheidiei? sis. 

Kildare  Gardens. 

''HiSTOIKE   DES   DiABLES    MODEKNES "    (3'^  S. 

xi.  463.)— I  have  this  day  (June  8,  1867)  been 
informed  by  some  very  intimate  friends  of  the 
late  Mr.  John  Adolphus,  that  the  above  was 
his  grandfather,  who  was  domestic  physician 
to  Frederick  the  Great.  He  had  an  estate  in 
Westphalia,  and  his  family  consisted  of  twenty- 
two  daughters  and  one  son,  who  was  the  father 
of  John  Adolphus. 

There  I  might  well  finish  the  reply ;  but  who 
can  help  reflecting  upon  the  fact  of  this  work  re- 
maining unnoticed,  and  its  author  unknown,  for 
upwards  of  one  hundred  years  ?  after  which  time 
your  humble  servant,  with  the  powerful  aid  of 
"N.  &  Q.,"  manages  to  elicit  what  may  be  con- 
sidered a  very  interesting  piece  of  bibliographical 
information,  Ralph  Thomas, 

PaEODY  OU"  "  HoHEIfLINDElS' "  (S'^  S.  xi.  419.) 
The  Editor  is  correct  in  his  surmise  that  I  can 
name  the  author  of  the  very  clever  parody  in 
Fraser's  Magazine,  1850,  The  writer  was  Dr, 
William  Brinton,  whose  recent  death  in  the  prime 
of  life  was  a  loss  felt  greatly  beyond  the  bounds 
of  those  who  sought  his  advice  or  received  the 
benefit  of  his  hospital  lectures ;  and  it  is  not  a 
little  remarkable,  that  his  published  parody  on 
"  Hohenlinden "  should  largely  deal  with  that 
subject,  which  he  made  so  peculiarly  his  own, 
and  on  which  one  of  his  most  popular  works  was 
written — Food  and  its  Digestion.  Very  full  bio- 
graphies of  Dr.  William  Brinton  recently  ap- 
peared in  The  Lancet  and  other  medical  journals ; 
but,  in  those  at  least  which  came  under  my  own 
eye,  the  anonymous  parody  on  '' Hohenlinden " 
was  not  mentioned  among  the  productions  of  his 
ready  and  versatile  pen,  Cuthbekt  Bede. 

Amatettr  Hop-pickers  (3''*  S.  x.  422.)  — 
I  think  your  correspondent  has  slightly  mis- 
taken the  matter.  When  crops  are  heavy,  and 
weather  threatening,  the  hop  farmer  is  very  glad 
of  any  assistance  ;  and  persons  of  the  greatest 
respectability  will  readily  go  into  the  gardens  and 
lend  a  hand  to  save  so  valuable  a  crop.  The 
class  alluded  to,  however,  is  probably  that  of 
dress-makers,  assistants  in  fancy  trades,  and  others 
used  to  light  work,  and  who  find  employment 
scarce  out  of  the  fashionable  season.  Hundreds 
of  them  are  glad  to  go  into  the  country  every 
year,  not  only  for  employment  but  for  pure  air. 
Many  a  poor  girl,  who  has  been  pining  all  the 
season  in  stifling  work-rooms,  gets  her  health 
restored  among  the  fragrant  hop-gardens.  As 
may  be  expected,  some  irregularities  have  taken 
place,  but  they  have  been  greatly  exaggerated. 


I  The  hop  landlords,  however,  have  now  almost 

universally  built  what  are  called  "  lodges  " — that 

I  is,  ranges  of  single  rooms,  each  large  enough  to 

■  contain  abed  and  a  few  things ;  and  with  one  large 

1  room  attached  for  cooking,  with  proper  fire-places, 

[  &c.  The  cost  is  not  great,  and  we  find  the  advantage 

!  very  considerable  to  our  tenants,  as  they  can  use 

j  them  as  stores  either  for  hops  or  grain  when  the 

picking  is  over.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Calthorpe  (3"1  S,  X,  289.)  — When  I  inquired 

about  the  wife  of  Sir  James  Calthorpe,  it  did  not 

!  occur  to  my  mind  that  "  Sir  James  "  was  identical 

i  with  "James  Calthorpe,  Esq.,  of  Ampton."     I 

j  have  found  a  long  pedigree  of  Sir  James's  family 

in    Blomefield's  Norfolk.      No   doubt  the  titles 

conferred  by  Oliver  Cromwell  were  all  ignored  at 

the  Restoration.  H.  Loftus  Tottenham. 

BuiTEEFLT  (3^'J  S.  xi.  342,  449,)  —  The  use  of 
this  term  in  poetry  may  have  something  better 
than  "not  a  bad  effect"  :  it  may  help  to  create  a 
lovely,  natural,  and  delightful  picture,  as  in  the 
following  by  Miss  Jean  Ingelow :  — 

"  Flusheth  the  rise  with  her  purple  favour, 

Gloweth  the  cleft  with  her  golden  ring, 

'Twixt  the  two  brown  butteriiies  waver, 

Lightly  settle,  and  sleepily  swing  ;" — 

or  a  beautiful  ideal  image,  as  in  Tennyson's 
"Talking  Oak":  — 

"  Sometimes  I  let  a  sunbeam  slip. 
To  light  her  shaded  eye  ; 
A  second  flutter'd  round  her  lip 
Like  a  golden  butterfly  ;" — 

or,  as  in  the  ensuing  verse  by  Wordsworth,  the 
very  commonness  of  the  word  may  enhance  the 
effect  of  the  moral  tenderness  with  which  it  is 
made  to  be  associated :  — 

"  Oh !  pleasant,  pleasant  were  the  days, 

The  time,  when,  in  our  childish  plays. 

My  sister  Emmeline  and  I 

Together  chased  the  buttei-fly ! 

A  very  hunter  did  I  rush 

Upon  the  prey :— with  leaps  and  springs 

I  followed  on" from  brake  to  bush; 

But  she,  God  love  her !  feared  to  brush 

The  dust  from  off  its  wings." 

In  Shelley's  "  Sensitive  Plant "  we  read  of — 
"  .        .        ,        many  an  antenatal  tomb 
Where  butterflies  dream  of  the  life  to  come." 

William  Blake,  in  one  of  his  finely  tempered 
eff"usions,  says :  —  ^ 

"  Kill  not  the  moth  nor  butterflj-. 
For  the  last  judgment  draweth  nigh." 

In  short  (for  the  foregoing  illustrations  are 
taken  almost  at  random,  and  are  only  a  few  of 
several  that  occur  to  me),  it  does  not,  I  think, 
appear  that  our  poets  have  shown  any  reluctance 
to  call  a  butterfly  by  its  ordinary  name. 

J.  w.w. 


3"!  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


507 


Napoleon  (3"«  S.  xi.  195,  223,  307.)— In  reply 
to  the  query  of  Sir  J.  Emeksoi?  Teknent,  I  am 
happy  to  be  able  to  assert  with  confidence,  and 
on  the  authority  of  General  Kallergis,  the  intimate 
friend  of  the  present  Emperor,  of  Prince  Pitzipios, 
and  others,  that  the  story  devised  by  Nicholas 
Stephanopoulos,  and  mentioned  by  his  niece  the 
Duchess  d'Abrantes  in  her  Memoirs,  that  Napoleon 
was  a  Greek  in  blood  and  a  Maniote  by  birth, 
being  descended  from  the  family  of  Calomeri, 
who  took  refuge  at  Ajaccio  Corsica,  was  never 
authoritatively  denied.  On  the  contrary,  both  the 
first  and  third  Napoleon  appeared  pleased  at  the 
story  whenever  it  was  alluded  to  in  their  presence, 
probably  because  they  thought  it  good  policy  not 
to  deny  what  they  might  in  future  wish  to  turn  to 
their  advantage.  As  regards  the  name  of  KaXofiffyq^, 
or  Ka\6fj.€pos,  there  are  still  many  families  of  that 
name  in  Greece.  Ehodocanakis. 

Passage  attribttted  to  Macrobitjs  (S'^  S.  x. 
46.)  — 

"Accipe  nunc  quod  de  Sole  vel  Sarapi  pronuncietur 
oraculo ;  nam  Sarapis,  quern  iEgj'pti  deum  maximum 
prodiderunt,  oratus  a  Nicocreonte  Cypriorum  rege  quis 
deorum  haberetur,  his  versibus  sollicitam  religionem 
regis  instruxit :  — 

El/xl  6th?  TOwaSe  ixaGeiv,  oiov  k  eyi)  eJfirw. 

Ohpavios  Koa-iuLos  Ke<pa\T)'  ya(TTtjp  Se  ddXaacra' 

Taia  Se  fj.oi  irdSes  el(rl'    to,  5'  ovclt    iv  Cildepi  Ke7Tai. 

''Ofxfxa  T€  TTiKavyts  Xajiirphv  (paos  rjeXiow. 

SatiawiaL,  lib.  i.  cap.  20,  p.  208,  ed.  Lond.  1694. 

Sir  Isaac  Newton  held  Osiris  and  Serapis  to  be 
the  same  person;  Warburton  the  contrary.  {Divine 
Legation,  book  iv.  sec.  5.)  My  edition,  the  third, 
London,  1758,  does  not  contain  the  above  passage, 
but  it  may  perhaps  be  found  in  another,  as  few 
writers  made  more  alterations  and  additions  than 
Warburton.  See  also  Watson's  Life  of  Bishop 
Warbufton.  p.  265,  London,  1863,  and  the  Quai-terli/ 
Review,  No.  131,  for  June  1840,  p.  90,  art.  "Alex- 
andria and  the  Alexandrians."  H,  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

Colonel  John  Btjrch  (3'"''  S.  xi.  436.) — I  beg 
to  inform  E.  J.  S,  that  the  Colonel  John  Burch 
of  whom  he  inquires  is  not  the  celebrated  Colonel 
John  Burch  whose  biography  is  about  to  be  edited 
by  the  Camden  Society.  The  former  is  stated  by 
E.  J.  S.  to  have  died  in  1668,  while  the  death  of 
the  latter  occurred  in  1691.  Some  particulars  of 
the  life  of  the  latter  will  be  found  in  my  Judges 
of  England,  vol.  viii.  p.  102:  from  the  authorities 
which  I  quote  the  learned  editor  of  the  intended 
work  will  no  doubt  cull  some  further  details.  His 
nephew,  of  the  same  name,  was  Cursitor  Baron  of 
the  Exchequer  from  1729  till  1735,  the  date  of 
his  death.  Edward  Foss. 

The  editor  of  the  MS.  respecting  Colonel  John 
Birch,  some  time  Governor  of  Hereford  during  the 
Civil  War,  begs  to  ofter  his  thanks  and  acknow- 


ledgments to  E.  J.  S.  for  his  courtesy,  and  to  in- 
form him  that  Colonel  Birch  was  of  a  Lancashire 
family,  that  the  name  was  not  spelt  with  an  u,  and 
that  the  intended  publication  is  not  an  autobio- 
graphy, but  a  MS.  written  by  a  fellow  soldier, 
revised  asd  corrected  by  the  Colonel's  own  hand. 

Christ  a  Yoke-maker  {o'^  S.  xi.  455.)— That 
our  Blessed  Lord  was  a  maker  of  yokes  and 
ploughs  is  founded  on  the  assertion  of  St.  Justin 
Martyr,  who  flourished  in  the  second  century. 
That  primitive  father,  in  his  celebrated  Dialogue 
with  Tryphon,  has  the  following :  — 

Tavra  yi.p  ra  reKroviKO.  epya  elpyd^ero,  eV  avBpdiron 
iiv,  &poTpa  Koi  ^vyd. 

For  when  he  was  among  men  he  made  these  im- 
plements of  wood,  ploughs  and  yokes.  Bossuet 
mentions  that  ploughs  were  spoken  of  by  the  Holy 
Fathers  as  preserved  with  reverence,  being  said  to 
have  been  made  by  our  Saviour.  I  am  pretty  sure 
that  St.  Jerom  mentions  them  as  remaining  in  his 
time,  but  I  cannot  now  give  a  reference  to  his 
works,  F.  C.  H. 

In  the  "  Gospel  of  Thomas  the  Israelite,"  other- 
wise called  "  the  Gospel  of  the  Boyhood  of  our 
Lord  Jesus,"  one  of  the  earliest  of  the  Apocryphal 
Gospels,  we  are  told  that  Joseph  was  a  carpenter, 
"  and  made  ploughs  and  yokes,"  and  that  the 
child  Jesus  helped  his  father  in  his  work.  To  this 
composition  has  been  ascribed  a  date  as  early  as 
the  second  century.  Be  this  as  it  may,  Justin 
Martyr,  who  will  probably  be  considered  a  more 
trustworthy  authority,  relates  the  same.  See 
Cowper's  Apocnjphal  Gosjiels,  Introduction,  p.  Ixix. 

Q. 

This  seems  to  be  merely  an  expansion  of  the 
word  ''carpenter"  (Mark  vi.  3),  and  is  interest- 
ing as  showing  the  various  occupations  of  carpen- 
ters in  those  days.  Justin  Martyr  (Trypho,  88,) 
is,  if  I  mistake  not,  the  only  ancient  writer  who 
says  our  Lord  "  was  accounted  as  a  carpenter  be- 
cause when  he  was  among  men  he  made  carpen- 
ter's work,  ploughs,  and  yokes,  thereby  teaching 
the  emblems  of  righteousness,  and  (teaching)  an 
active  life."  In  much  the  same  words,  Joseph 
the  carpenter  is  spoken  of  in  the  apocryphal 
gospels.  Thus,  pseudo-Matthew :  "Joseph  was  a 
carpenter,  and  made  of  wood  nothing  except 
yokes  for  oxen  and  ploughs,  and  implements  for 
turning  up  the  soil,  and  suited  for  agriculture,  and 
made  wooden  bedsteads."  So  pseudo-Thomas : 
"Now  his  father  was  a  carpenter,  and  made  at 
that  time  ploughs  and  yokes  "  (pp.  78,  138,  Cow- 
per's translation).  Origen  told  Celsus  that  the 
gospels  did  not  describe  .Tesus  as  a  carpenter,  as 
Celsus  had  sarcastically  said.    ( Contra  Cel.  vi.) 

The  Arabic  Gospel  of  the  Infancy  represents 
Jesus  as  miraculously  aiding  Joseph  in  his  work 


508 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'<i  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67. 


when  any  mistake  was  made  (pp.  203,  204,  Cow- 
per's  translation).  Justin's  commentators  also 
allude  to  the  sharp  answer  received  by  Libanius 
from  the  Christian  to  whom  he  said  with  a  sneer, 
"What  is  the  carpenter's  son  making "  ?  ''The 
Creator  of  the  universe,  whom  you  tauntingly  call 
the  son  of  a  carpenter,  is  making  a  coffin."  A 
few  daj'S  later  Libanius  suddenly  died.  (Eccles. 
Hist.  iii.  18.) 

The  tradition  that  Jesus  did  work  as  a  carpen- 
ter seems  to  have  been  very  commonly  received, 
and  it  is  certainly  supported  by  two  considera- 
tions: 1.  That  the  Jews  called  him  a  carpenter, 
as  in  the  text  from  Mark  already  alluded  to ; 
2.  That  every  person  among  the  Jews  was  brought 
up  to  some  useful  occupation,  and  that  commonly 
the  calling  of  his  father.  Jesus  became  in  all 
things  like  unto  His  brethren ;  and,  as  Grotius 
says  (on  Matthew  xiii.  55),  manual  labour  was 
not  imworthy  of  Him  that  "  emptied  himself !  " 
Besides,  Hesiod's  remark  is  true,  i^'^ov  oh^\u  6vei- 
Soj.     "  Labour  is  no  disgrace."  B.  H.  C. 

Prince  Chaeles  Edavaed  Sttjaet  (3"'  S.  viii. 
107.)  —  In  September,  1865,  I  was  at  the  Hague, 
Holland,  and  visited  the  fine  museum  there. 
Within  a  glass  case,  in  a  small  private  room  (by 
the  courtesy  of  an  official),  I  was  shown  a  collec- 
tion of  interesting  miniatures,  among  them  one  of 
Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart,  disguised  in  female 
attire,  and  wearing  a  woman's  cap  with  a  full 
border,  concealing  the  hair.  The  colouring  was 
(to  the  best  of  my  recollection)  faint  and  neutral- 
tinted.  The  miniature  was  pointed  out  to  my 
especial  notice,  and  I  understood  that  application 
had  been  made,  and  granted,  for  permission  to 
have  a  photograph  taken  from  it.  I  should  like 
to  add,  that  the  civility  and  attention  shown  to 
English  visitors  at  the  Koninklijk  Museum  is  de- 
cidedly worthy  of  note.  C.  L. 

Grey  Hoeses  in  Dublin  {2,'^  S.  xi.  353.)  — 
This  is  a  very  usual  observation  in  Dublin,  and  I 
have  often  tested  it,  but  cannot  say  with  your  cor- 
respondent that  the  rule  is  without  exception, 
having  more  than  once  proved  against  it.  If  Mr. 
Tottenham  will  stand  on  London  Bridge  during 
traffic  hours  he  will  always  see  four,  five,  or  more 
grey  horses  on  the  bridge  at  a  time,  grey  horses 
being  quite  numerous  enough  to  make  the  obser- 
vation usually  hold  good  in  both  cases. 

George  Lloxd. 

Darlington. 

"  CoNSPICtrOUS  EROM  HIS  ABSENCE  "  (3"'"i  S.  xi. 
438.)  —  I  do  not  know  whether  this  epigrammatic 
saying  has  been  traced  to  its  source  in  some  former 
volume  of  "  N.  &  Q."  If  not,  I  believe  that  the 
idea  is  due  to  Tacitus  {Annal,  book  iii.  chap.  76), 
where,  in  describing  the  funeral  obsequies  of 
Junia,  a.d.  22,  at  which  there  was  a  great  display 
of   imao-es   of  the  noblest  Roman   families,   he 


alludes  to  the  absence  of  the  images  of  her  near 
relatives,  Brutus  and  Cassius,  adding  this  pregnant 
remark, — "  Sed  prsefulgebant  Cassius  atque  Brutus, 
eo  ipso,  quod  effigies  eorum  non  visebantur." 

C.  T.  Eamage. 

Two  Churches  in  one  Chxtrchtard  (3'''*S.xi. 
372.) — Staunton,  in  Nottinghamshire,  had  two 
churches  in  one  churchyard.  The  late  Dr.  Staun- 
ton got  a  faculty  for  taking  down  the  smaller  one, 
to  the  great  regret  of  all  who  were  interested  in 
the  curiosity  of  the  circumstance.  I  believe  the 
little  church  taken  down  had  good  architectural 
points,  though  it  might  not  be  so  interesting  as 
Staunton  church.  P.  P. 

The  churches  of  Trimley  St.  Mary's,  and  Trim- 
ley  St.  Martin's,  Suffi^lk,  are  in  one  churchyard ; 
also  St.  Andrew  and  All  Saints,  Willingale  Spain, 
and  St.  Christopher,  Willingale  Doe,  Essex  ;  and 
All  Saints  and  St.  Lawrence,  Evesham,  Worces- 
tershire. John  Piggot,  Jun. 

So  CALLED  Grants  of  Arms  (3^'^  S.  xi,  327.) — 
G.  W.  M,  refers  me  to  3"^  S.  vi.  461,  but  not  to 
my  reply  to  it,  p.  639.  A  man  can,  of  course, 
''assert"  that  there  is  no  difference  between 
grants  and  confirmations,  if  he  likes  to  do  so,  but 
to  say  that  "  every  person  acquainted,"  &c.  &c., 
is  going  rather  far.  A  man  who  has  documents 
of  JPlantagenet  times,  sealed  with  the  arms  he  uses 
now,  and  which  are  assigned  to  his  family  in 
visitations  of  earlier  date  than  his  confirmation, 
may  surely  be  of  a  different  opinion.  He  may  not 
have  wisdom  enough  to  understand  how  the  arms 
that  sealed  their  parchments,  say  in  Pilchard  II.'s 
time,  can  have  been  Jirst  granted  to  his  family  in 
Elizabeth's,  although  his  ancestor  of  that  day  may 
have  chosen  to  get  a  confirmation.  I  had  no  wish 
to  displease  G.  W.  M.  by  pointing  out  what  I  still 
believe  to  be  his  error.  P.  P. 

Inscriptions  on  Bells  at  St,  Andrews  (3'* 
S.  xi.  437.) — I  do  not  quite  see  the  difficulty  here. 
Why  may  not  Katharinam  nominando  mean  in 
7iaming  me  Catharine  ?  That  is,  the  bishop  both 
caused  me  to  be  made  and  afterwards  christened 
me  Catharine. 

Southey,  in  the  Doctor,  vol.  i.  p.  291,  2nd  ed., 
tells  us  that  the  Bishop  of  Chalons  had  recently 
baptized  some  bells  by  the  names  of  Marie,  Deo- 
date,  Stephanie,  Seraphine,  and  Pudentienne; 
then  why  not  Catharine  ?  All  that  can  be  in- 
ferred is,  that  the  bell  was  probably  named  after 
its  godmother,  who  need  not  have  been  any  rela- 
tion of  the  bishop's,  but  merely  some  lady  in  his 
flock,  Walter  W.  Skeat. 

The  first  inscription  is:  — 

"  SANCTUS  .  JAC  .  KEKNEDUS  .  EPISCOPUS  .  STI  . 
AXDRE^  .  AC  .  FUNDATOR  .  COLLEGII  .  STI  .  SALVATOKIS  . 
JtE  .  FECIT  .  FIERI  .  AXNO  1460  .  KATHAKINA5I  .  NO- 
MINANDO   " 


3"»  S.  XI.  June  22,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


509 


The  rest  I  omit,  as  not  necessary  for  the  answer 
to  the  inquiry.  The  above  -will  read  thus  in 
English  :  — 

"  The  holy  James  Kenned}-,  Bishop  of  St.  Andrews  and 
Founder  of  Saint  Saviour's  College,  caused  me  to  be  made 
in  the  year  1460,  naming  me  Catherine  .  .  .  ." 

The  other  inscription  runs  thus :  — 

"  MK  .  ELIZABETHAM  .  LEONAKDINAM  .  ANTE  .  BIS- 
CENTUM  .  ANNOS  .  GANDAVI  .  FACTAM  .  ET  .  TEMPORIS  . 
INJURIA  .  DILAPSAM  .  COLLEGE  .  LEONARDI  .  IMPENSIS  . 
EEFECIT  .  ROBERTUS  .  MAXWELL  .  ANNO  172-1  .  E.  Q  R." 

Which  may  be  thus  rendered  in  English  :  — 
"  Robert  Maxwell,  at  the  expense  of  Leonard's  College, 
recast  me,  Elizabeth  Leonardine,  cast  at  Ghent  two  hun- 
dred years  before  and  broken  by  the  injuries  of  time,  in 
the  year  1724." 

The  E.  0  li-  I  do  not  pretend  to  explain,  unless 
it  stands  for  EdhicB  Refecta.  But  the  names 
Catherine  and  Elizabeth  Leonardine  were  evi- 
dently given  to  the  bells  when  first  made ;  as  it 
is  well  known  that  it  is  customary  to  name  bells, 
and  generally  after  some  saint.  In  honour  of  St. 
Leonard,  a  feminine  adaptation  of  his  name  was 
added  to  agree  with  that  of  St.  Elizabeth. 

F.  C.  H. 

In  reference  to  Dk.  Egbert  Chambers's  query 
respecting  the  bell  in  St.  Salvator's  tower,  St. 
Andrews,  so  named,  I  may  supply  the  information 
that  it  was  cast  for  the  third  time  in  1686,  at  the 
instance  of  the  Town  Council,  who  procured  sub- 
scriptions among  the  citizens  to  defray  the  expense. 
The  bell  had  no  doubt  been  originally  dedicated 
to  St.  Catherine  of  Alexandria.  Probably  a  pro- 
cession had  attended  the  suspension  of  the  bell  in 
1686,  v^hich  may  account  for  the  present  practice. 
When  I  attended  St.  Andrews  University,  1839- 
1846,  the  practice  had  fallen  into  abeyance.  It 
seems  to  have  been  revived  lately. 

Charles  Eogees,  LL.D. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lemsham. 

DxTNWiCH  Relic  (3'^'*  S.  xi.  455.) — The  inscrip- 
tion as  given  by  Gardner  (p.  118)  contains  the  four 
words  Ave  Maria,  graticB  plena — Hail  Mary,  full 
of  grace !  The  circular  border,  containing  the  in- 
scription, is  divided  into  four  equal  parts ;  but  the 
artist,  either  from  want  of  skill  or  for  the  purpose 
of  mystification,  has  put  the  letters  in  the  follow- 
ing disjointed  form :  — 

"  AV     E  I  MAR     lA  I  GRACI     M  \  PLE     NA." 

Besides  the  errata  noted,  graeca  is  printed  for 
grades;  and  in  the  line  above^  reposited  for  de- 
posited.    I  have  no  knowledge  of  the  relic  itself. 

T.  J.  BuCKTOJf. 

Greek  Epigram  (?J^  S.  y.  195,  269,  328.)— I 
have  seen  it  stated  that  the  poet  Hafiz  was  re- 
sponsible for  the  original  epigram  on  which  the 
Greek  version  admired ,  by  Esligh  is  founded. 
Sir  William  Jones  was  but  the  translator  of  it 
from  Persian  into  English,  St.  Swithin. 


Besom  of  Peacock's  Feathers  (S'^  S.  xi.  79, 
343.) — When  the  pope  is  carried  in  the  procession 
at  the  great  ''functions"  of  the  church,  he  is 
attended  on  each  side  by  an  officer  called  "  bus- 
solante."  They  carry  large  fans  of  white  ostrich 
feathers  fixed  to  the  end  of  sticks  about  six  feet 
long.  If  your  correspondent  takes  interest  in  such 
matters,  I  shall  be  pleased  to  forward  him  a  tracing 
of  a  sketch  which  I  made  at  Rome  on  the  occasion 
of  the  festa  of  San  Pietro  in  Vincoli.  A.  A. 

Poets'  Corner. 

Sir  T.  Broavne's  "Religio  Medici"  (S''^  S. 
vi.  437.)— W.  A.  G.  will  find  in  Bohu's  ed.  1852, 
a  very  extended  account  of  all  the  editions  by  the 
last  editor,  S.  Wilkin,  F.L.S.  This  gentleman 
alludes  to  one  published  in  1648,  or  said  to  be  so, 
which  he  had  never  seen. 

The  learned  editor  mentions  two  editions  of 
1736  called  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth;  the 
first  of  these  with  notes  and  annotations,  with  life 
added.     These  are  the  last  enumerated. 

Lowndes,  whose  notice  is  very  meagre,  yet 
mentions  an  edition  (the  best)  1733,  with  life  by 
Dr.  Johnson. 

I  have  the  edition  1645,  with  Alex.  Row's  ob- 
servations of  the  same  year,  and  Sir  Kenelm 
Digby's  also;  together  with  which  is  bound  up 
the  latter  Isnight's  observations  on  Spenser's  Faery 
Queen,  book  ii.  canto  ix.  stanza  xxii.  &c.  This 
has  in  the  preface,  in  the  handwriting  of  the  time, 
S''  Henry  Stradlinge^the  name  of  the  friend  to 
whom  it  was  addressed  by  Sir  Iv.  Dig'by. 

J.  A.  G. 
Carisbrooke. 

Historical  Tradition  :  the  Emperor  Clau- 

DlirS   AND     THE   CHRISTIANS   (3'''*    S.    xi.    456.)  — 

Surely  this  is  a  sad  mistake;  attributing  to  Clau- 
dius the  well-known  anecdote  of  the  pope  St, 
Gregory  the  Great,  whose  words  were :  non  Angli 
sed  Angeli  forent,  si  essent  Christiani.        F.  C.  H. 

Bishop  Gifeard,  etc.  (3'^''  S.  xi.  455.)  — 
1. — There  is  in  the  Laitjfs  Directory  for  1805 
an  abstract  of  the  life  of  Bishop  GifFard ;  but  it  is 
substantially  taken  from  Dodd's  Church  History, 
vol.  iii.  p.  469.  Both  these  accounts  state  him  to 
have  been  born  at  Wolverhampton,  and  to  have 
belonged  to  the  family  of  the  Giftards  of  Chil- 
lington.  Another  account  of  him,  however,  con- 
tends that  his  real  name  was  Bishop,  and  that  he 
was  born  in  Cornwall :  — 

"  One  Bishop  of  this  parish,"  says  Hals  the  Cornish 
historian,  "in  his  youth,  after  his  school  education  at 
Retallock,  in  St.  Co'lumb  Major,  in  the  Latin  and  Greek 
tongues  under  Mr.  John  Coode,  that  famous  schoolmaster, 
was  taken  by  the  cost  and  care  of  Sir  John  Arundell,  of 
Lanherne,  from  thence,  and  placed  by  him  in  Douay 
College,  in  Flanders,  where  he  took  orders  as  a  Catholic 
Roman  priest,  and  became  house-chaplain  to  the  said 
Sir  John  Arundell,  Knt.  ;  and  from  thence  visited  and 
confirmed  the  Roman  Catholics  in  those  parts  for  many 


510 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3^d  s.  XI.  June  22,  '67. 


j'ears  by  the  pretended  name  of  Bfr.  Giffard.  He  died  at 
Hammersmith,  near  London,  20th  March,  1733,  aged  99 
years,  and  ordered  his  bodj'  to  be  opened,  and  his  heart 
to  be  taken  out  and  sent  to  Douaj'  aforesaid,  and  kept  in 
spirits,  and  his  body  to  be  buried  in  St.  Pancras  Church, 
London.    He  Avas  made  D.D.  by  the  college  aforesaid, 

and  consecrated  Bishop  of in  the  banqueting  house 

at  Whitehall,  in  the  last  year  of  King  James  IL" 

"  So  far  Hals/-  ssljs  Dr.  Oliver,  in  his  Collec- 
tions, p.  221 ;  but  lie  adds  :  — 

"  Certainly,  he  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Madura,  a 
citj'  on  the  north  of  Africa,  by  the  papal  nuncio  Ferdi- 
nand D'Adda,  on  22nd  April,  1688,  and  was  appointed 
first  Vicar  Apostolic  of  the  Midland  District.  On  the 
death  of  Bishop  John  Leyburn,  he  was  transferred  to 
London.  His  epitaph  in  St.  Pancras  shows  that  he  was 
born  in  1644,  and  that  he  died  12th  March,  1733,  con- 
sequently but  89  years  old." 

It  is  singular  that  two  accounts  so  diiFerent 
should  have  appeared  ;  but  the  general  opinion  is 
that  he  was  of  the  GiiFard  family,  and  born  at 
Wolverhampton. 

2.  The  Bishop  of  Montpellier  was  Monseigneur 
Joseph  de  Malide :  he  died  June  19,  1812,  aged 
eighty-two. 

3.  The  name  of  the  Bishop  of  Dijon  I  have  not 
discovered.  F.  C.  H. 

'•'  NoKE  BUT  Poets  eemember  theie  Youth  " 
(3"^  S.  xi.  464.)  —  We  seem  to  be  getting  away 
altogether  from  the  meaning  of  this  phrase.  It 
was  not  the  intention  of  whoever  penned  this 
thoughtful  sentence  to  deny  that  old  men  ordi- 
narily remember  their  youth.  It  is  a  common 
remark  that  aged  persons  remember  vividly  the 
events  of  boyhood,  whilst  they  wholly  forget  the 
transactions  of  middle  life.  Coleridge  has  more 
than  once  said  that  it  is  a  distinguishing  feature 
of  genius  to  carry  the  freshness  of  the  feelings  of 
youth  into  manhood,  and  so  to  link  vivacity  of 
sentiment  with  ripeness  of  reason  and  judgment. 
Those  who  do  this  are  the  poets  spoken  of  in  the 
text  above.  They  do  not  carry  the  facts  or  dry 
bones  of  their  youth  with  them  into  years,  but  the 
very  soul  and  pressure  of  that  gay  time ;  and  thus 
it  is  that  they,  more  than  other  men,  nay,  alone, 
are  said  to  remember  their  youth.  0.  A.  W. 

Changeable  Picttjees  (3^^  S.  xi.  424.)— I  saw 
a  very  good  one  some  time  since,  got  at  a  bazaar, 
the  words  Faith,  Hope,  Charity,  alternately  occu- 
pying the  frame  as  you  passed  from  side  to  side. 
Shortly  afterwards,  in  passing  a  gin  shop  in  either 
London  or  Liverpool,  I  was  amused  to  see  Gin, 
Brandy,  Rum,  successively  presenting  themselves 
in  the  same  manner  in  front  of  the  window. 

P.P. 

Did  Sik  William  Wallace  visit  France? 
(3'<»  S.  iii.  8;  ix.  87.)  —In  consulting  the  Table 
des  Maticres  to  tome  i.  of  M.  Michel's  carefully 
drawn-up  work,  Les  E'cossais  en  France  et  les 
Franqais  en  E'cossc,  I  find  the  following :  — 


"  William  Wallace  cherche  un  asile  en  France ;  ses 
arentures  dans  ce  pays  ;  poe'sies  dont  elles  sont  I'objet." 

In  the  text,  however,  the  author  merely  quotes 
from  Fordun,  Dempster,  and  Maj  or,  who  give  the 
popular  belief  5  but  M.  Michel  adds  in  a  note 
that  — 

"  Le  meilleur  biographe  de  Wallace,  Tytler,  fait  si  peu 
de  cas  des  recits  relatifs  au  sejour  du  he'ros  en  France, 
qu'il  ne  les  mentionne  que  pour  leur  refuser  toute  cre- 
ance." 

There  once  existed  some  compositions  by  the 
French  trouveres  on  Wallace,  but  M.  Michel  says 
that  search  for  them  has  been  unavailing.  Further 
and  more  careful  examination  in  the  great  libraries 
of  Paris  and  of  the  provinces  might  prove  more 
successful,  J.  Macrat. 

Oxford. 

Vowel  Changes  :  a  aw  (3"i  S.  xi.  94,  223, 
326,  447.)  — I  think  it  very  hard  to  be  called 
upon  to  furnish  material  for  Mr.  J.  Dixon,  which 
he  ought  to  supply  by  his  own  researches,  nor  am 
I  disposed  to  undertake  it.  I  have  answered  for 
the  evidence  of  my  own  ears  as  to  the  pronuncia- 
tion of  the  last  century  and  the  traditions  of  the 
past,     I  have  in  my  library  — 

"  Grammaire  Angloise  et  Frangoise  pour  facilement  et 
promptement  aprendre  la  Langue  Angloise  et  Fran^oise, 
Par  E.  A.    A  Rouen,  chez  Julien  Courant,  mdclxxix." 

My  copy  is  stated  to  be  a  new  and  enlarged 
edition,  and  has  every  appearance  of  being  the 
reproduction  of  a  work  of  much  earlier  date.  At 
the  beginning  is  "Table  des  Prononciations  en 
lisant  et  parlant."  The  English  vowel  A  is  re- 
presented by  a  and  e.  Xow,  what  does  n  repre- 
sent ?  Under  diphthong  for  the  English  Au  we 
have  "a  long,"  and  for  the  English  Av)  also  "a 
long."  The  writer  seems  to  have  understood  his 
business,  and  his  instructions  are  correct.  I  con- 
sider the  sound  of  "  a  long  "  was  in  1679  aio. 

Hyde  Clarke, 

32,  St.  George's  Square. 

The  Word  '•  Charsi  "  (3'i  S.  xi.  221,  382.)— 
The  word  is  thus  noticed  in  Sternberg's  Northainp- 
tonshi)-e  Glossary :  — 

"  Chakm.  To  make  a  noise  or  clamour.  Anglo-Saxon, 
ci/rm,  a  noise.  Akerman,  Barnes,  Hartshorne." 

I  have  been  accustomed,  in  Huntingdonshire 
and  elsewhere,  to  hear  the  word  applied  to  the 
clamour  of  children  in  school,  and  to  other  discor- 
dant sounds.  ClTTHBERT  BeDE. 

"As  Clean  as  4  Whistle"  (3"^  S.  xi.  331, 
360.)— I  am  afraid  that  W.  M.  has  still  a  good 
deal  to  learn  of  the  nuances  of  the  Scotch  lan- 
guage. Clean  and  too7n  do  certainly  both  mean 
empty ;  but  the  former  conveys  a  much  more 
complete  idea  of  emptiness  than  the  latter.  If  a 
whaler  returns  without  a  sinc/le  fish,  she  is  clean ; 
but  suppose  she  has  taken  only  one,  she  would 
still  be  considered  toom.  In  the  same  way  an 
ordinary  dog- call  or  whistle  would  be  called  toom, 


3rd  s.  XL  June  22,  '67.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


511 


altliougli  it  had  in  it  the  usual  pea  to  produce  the 
peculiar  sound  which  is  so  effective  in  calling  the 
dog's  attention. 

One  occasionally  hears  in  Scotland  the  expres- 
sion "  his  brain  is  as  toom  as  a  harrel.''  This  of 
course  does  not  indicate  a  vacuum,  hut  rather  that 
nothing  but  the  dregs  are  left.  Rustictjs. 

Gkapes  {2.'^  S.  xi.  376.)— The  "good  old  hook  " 
appears,  so  far  as  I  am  able  to  make  out  from  the 
means  at  hand,  the  only  one  to  notice  grapes  as  an 
esculent  —  "Who  planteth  a  vineyard,"  and  ovk 
ia-OUi,  K.T.A.  ?  1  Cor.  ix.  7 ;  the  question  assumes  the 
fact.  In  the  Old  Testament  we  have  it  directly, 
as  in  Deut.  xxiii.  24 ;  and  indirectly,  the  gleaning 
of  grapes,  "  for  the  stranger,  for  the  fatherless,  and 
for  the  widow  "  (Deut.  xxiv.  21.) 

Geoege  Lloyd. 

Darlington. 

BOEDTJUE   WAVT     Ilf     THE   ArMS    OF   VeISTETIAjST 

Doges  (3"-i  S.  xi.  390.)— The  "  farther  informa- 
tion "  which  Mr.  J.  Woodavard  asks  me  to  give 
is  simply  this : — When  I  was  in  Venice  and  in 
many  parts  of  the  Venetian  territory  twenty-one 
years  ago,  I  saw  in  several  places  engravings  of 
the  series  of  Doges  from  Anafesto  onwards  ;  under 
each  was  given  a  coat-of-arms,  which  in  the  case 
of  the  earlier  doges  was  of  course  wholly  a  matter 
of  fancy.  But  the  arms  of  all  the  Doges,  early  or 
late,  had  not  only  the  peculiar  peaked  cap  sur- 
mounting them,  but  thei/  ivere  all  of  them  also  sur- 
rounded hy  a  hordure  %cavy ;  this  is  simply  a  fact 
which  I  observed  and  noted  at  the  time.  I  in- 
quired the  meaning  from  those  who  were  likely 
to  be  well  informed,  and  the  explanation  which  I 
gave  in  *'N.  &  Q."  was  the  reply  that  I  there 
received;  namely,  that  it  indicated  that  the 
family  had  reached  the  dignity  of  Doge.  Amongst 
others  to  whom  I  was  indebted  for  much  informa- 
tion about  Venice  under  the  Doges  was  the  late 
Signor  Andrea  Baretta,  whose  courtesy  to  a 
stranger  in  country,  language,  and  form  of  Chris- 
tian profession,  was  such  as  to  cause  him  long  to 
be  remembered,  though  many  years  have  elapsed 
since  he  passed  away  from  this  earthly  scene.  I 
may  state  positively  that  I  saw  this  bordure  wavy 
around  the  arms  accompanying  the  portraits  of  the 
Doges  of  the  families  of  Contarini,  Morosini,  and 
Foscari,  as  well  as  the  rest  of  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty,  L^Lius. 

St.  Matthew  (3--o  S.  xi.  399,  469.)— As  some 
confirmation  of  my  idea  that  "  Matthai  am  letz- 
ten "  refers  in  some  way  to  the  last  chapter  of 
St.  Matthew,  though  I  am  unable  to  give  the 
true  explanation  of  it,  I  may  relate  the  following 
anecdote,  in  which  the  expression  occurs,  and 
which  I  heard  many  years  ago.  A  Catholic 
clergyman  in  Germany  had  delivered  a  very  ex- 
citing discourse  against  Protestantism,  and  wound 
up  his  rhapsody  with  the  proverbial  phrase  "Mat-  j 


thai  am  letzten,"  to  express  that  Protestantism 
was  in  its  last  gasp.  A  Protestant  peasant,  who 
had  been  listening  with  great  attention,  is  said  to 
have  gone  up  to  him  and  thanked  him.  ''  You," 
said  the  priest,  "  a  Protestant,  thank  me  ? " 
"  Why  should  I  not  ?  "  was  the  answer.  "  Steht 
nicht  Matthai  am  letzten  geschrieben ;  Ich  bin  bei 
Euch  alle  Tage,  bis  an  der  Welt  Ende." — "  Is  it 
not  written  in  the  last  chapter  of  St.  Matthew: 
And,  lo,  I  am  with  you  alway,  even  unto  the  end 
of  the  world "  ?  I  cannot  confirm  on  my  own. 
authority  the  correctness  of  this  anecdote,  "  ma  se 
non  e  vero,  e  ben  trov^to."  Am  I  not  right  in 
saying  that  the  precise  expression,  as  used  in  Ger- 
many by  the  common  people,  is  "Matthai  am 
letzten  sein,"  "to  be  in  the  last  (chapter)  of 
Matthew  "  ?  C.  T.  Eamage. 

QiroTATiOK  Wanted  (3^'*  S.  xi.  457.)  —  The 
line  inquired  after  by  Ltdiard,  as  quoted  by  Sir 
Walter  Scott  in  his  Diary,  are  a  parody  on  a 
passage  in  a  ballad  of  Shenstone,  called  "The 
Rape  of  the  Trap,"  where,  in  describing  the  pranks 
of  a  rat  in  a  college  study,  he  has  this  verse :  — 

"  In  books  of  geo-graphy 
He  made  the  maps  to  flutter ; 
A  river  or  a  sea 
Was  to  him  a  dish  of  tea, 
And  a  kingdom  bread  and  butter." 

D.  S. 
The  Bellfotjndees  Pfedtje  (3'^  S.  xi.  479.) 
The  couplet  on  the  tomb  of  Thomas  Purdue  (ob. 
1711)  at  Closworth,  co.  Somerset,  here  given,  had 
been  placed  nearly  forty  years  before  on  that  of 
another  member  of  the  same  family  in  the  church 
of  St.  Mary  at  Limerick. 

"  Without  the  quire,  in  the  body  of  the  church,  adjoin- 
ing to  the  foot  of  the  back  of  the  Dean's  seat,  upon  a 
tomb  is  read  this  jingle  upon  the  name  of  him  who  cast 
the  Bells  of  this  Church,  in  Roman  capitals,  thus  — 
Jlere  a  Bellfounder  honest  and  true 
Unt'dl  the  Resurrection  lies  purdue. 

WILLIAM  PVKDVE   OBIIT  lU" 
Xbris  ^^o  jjini  JIDCLXXIII." 

I  transcribe  this  from  the  original  of  Thomas 
Dingley's  Tour  in  Ireland,  now  (by  the  kindness 
of  Sir  Thomas  Winnington)  lying  before  me;  and 
from  the  printed  edition,  published  by  the  Kil- 
kenny Archceological  Society,  I  copy  the  following 
note :  — 

"  The  Purdues  were  noted  Bellfounders.  They  cast  for 
Bristol  and  Salisbury  cathedrals ;  and  three  of  the  bells 
belonging  to  the  cathedral  of  St.  Canice,  Kilkenny,  were 
cast  by  Roger  Purdue,  a.d.  1674-5." 

J.  G.  K 
John  Search  (3'*  S.  xi.  429.)— I  am  obliged 
to  the  correspondents  who  have  answered  my 
query.  Search's  pamphlet  can  hardly  be  said  to 
have  excited  "little  attention."  The  Bishop  of 
Ferns  replied  to  it  under  the  signature  "  S.  N." ; 
and  Blanco  White  published  a  rejoinder.     The 


512 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [s^d  s.  xi.  ju.ne  22,  w. 


question  has  been  re-opened  in  a  long  historical 
article  on  "The  Law  of  Blasphemous  Libel,"  by 
JL.'.  Courtney  Kenny,  in  the  Theological  Revieio 
for  April  last.  Cyeil. 

Stotjrbeidge  Fair  (Z^^  S.  xi.  443.)  —  CoPvNtjb 
wiU  find  an  amusing  account  of  this  celebrated 
fair  in  the  Mus(s  AmjUcance  (vol.  ii.  p.  79),  pub- 
lished in  1741.  It  IS  entitled  ''Xundinae  Stur- 
brigienses,"  is  in  hexameter  verse,  occupying  ten 
pages  of  the  volume,  and  was  written  bj^  Th. 
Hill,  Coll.  Trin,  Cant.  Soc.  Oxoniestsis. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

The  Manual  of  Dates :  a  Dictionary  of  Reference  to  the 
most  Important  Events  in  the  History  of  Mankind  to  he 
found  in  Authentic  Records.  By  George  H.  Townsend. 
Second  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.  (Wame  &  Co.) 
The  old  proverb,  Av-hicli  speaks  of  the  advantage  of  a 
multitude  of  counsellors,  applies  as  strongly  to  books  as 
to  human  counsellors,  and  more  especially  to  books  of 
reference.  We  have,  on  more  than  one  occasion,  found 
in  the  first  edition  of  The  Manual  of  Dates,  information 
-which  we  have  sought  for  in  vain  in  other  quarters. 
That  edition  contained  only  between  seven  and  eight 
thousand  articles,  alphabeticallj'  arranged ;  while  in  this 
new  edition,  that  number  has  been  increased  to  eleven 
thousand.  But  as  the  work  has  not  only  been  enlarged, 
but  thoroughly  revised,  even-  date  having  been  verified, 
original  authorities  re-examined,  many  articles  rewritten, 
and  much  additional  matter  introduced  into  others,  the 
new  edition  will  be  found  more  complete,  and  conse- 
quentlj'  more  useful,  even  in  an  increased  proportion  to 
its  increased  size.  The  dianual  of  Dates  is  clearly  des- 
tined to  take  a  prominent  place  among  our  most  useful 
Books  of  Keference. 

The  Countess  of  Pembroke's  Arcadia.  Written  by  Sir 
Philip  Sidney,  Knt.  With  Notes  and  Introductory 
Essay  by  Hain  Friswell.  (Low  &  Son.) 
Whether  or  not  the  Arcadia  exercised  the  great  in- 
fluence over  the  prose  writers  of  the  Elizabethan  era 
which  has  sometimes  been  attributed  to  it,  has  been 
doubted.  But  be  that  as  it  ma}-,  the  popularity  of  a 
book  which  passed  through  some  dozen  editions  within  a 
few  years  of  its  first  appearance,  which  was  translated 
into  most  of  the  European  languages  — a  book  which 
abounds  with  passages  of  exquisite  beautj%  and  senti- 
ments of  the  noblest  and  most  elevated  character — must 
make  us  wonder  that  nearly  two  centuries  have  elapsed 
since  the  last  edition  was  given  to  the  world.  Mr.  Fris- 
well has  reprinted  the  romance  from  the  tenth  edition, 
removing  certain  undergrowths  supplied  by  other  hands, 
and  "certain  eclogues  of  laborious^  written  and  fantas- 
tical poetry,  some  in  Latin  measure  " ;  so  that  the  reader 
gets  all  that  is  Sidney's  (in  the  editor's  opinion),  "and 
-without  curb  upon  his  utterance."  Many  glossarial  notes 
now  add  to  the  reader's  facOities  for  reading  the  Arcadia, 
which  is  here  reprinted  in  a  way  to  recall  attention  to 
this  almost  forgotten  old  English  classic. 
Ireland  before  the  Union ;  with  Revelations  from  the  Un- 
published Diary  of  Lord  Clonmel.  A  Sequel  to  the 
Sham  Squire.  By  W.  J.  Fitzpatrick.  (Kellj',  Dublin.) 
Another  of  those  curious,  we  may  saj^  valuable,  little 
books:  for  which  the  future  historians  of  that  country 
will  be  as  much  indebted  to  Mr.  Fitzpatrick,  as  his 
readers  of  the  present  day. 


TTie  Epitaphs  and  Monumental  Inscriptions  in  Grey  Friars^ 
Churchyard,  Edinburgh.     Collected  by  James  Brown, 
Keeper  of  the  Grounds.       With  an  Introduction  and 
JVotes.     (J.  M.  Miller,  Edinburgh.) 
We  have  so  often  advocated  in  "  N.  &  Q."  the  propriety 
of  preserving  a  careful  record  of  the  Monumental  Inscrip- 
tions of  the  countrj',  that  such  an  attempt  as  the  present 
cannot  but  meet  with  our  most  cordial  approval.     The 
worthy  Keeper  of  the  Grey  Friars'  Churchyard,  which 
has  been  designated  by  Sir 'Walter  Scott  "  the  Westmin- 
ster Abbey  of  Scotland,"  has  been  largely  assisted  in  the 
preparation  of  his  book  by  many  well-known  scholars — 
among  whom  we  must  specify  'Mr.  David  Laing,  who 
contributes   a  valuable    Introduction   of   nearly  ninety 
pages.    There  is  also  a  good  Index  of  Names. 

Messrs.  Koutledge  announce  a  new  sixpenny 
monthly  periodical,  under  the  title  of  The  Broadway : 
London  and  New  York,  the  object  of  which  is  to  provide 
an  International  Magazine  of  light  and  amusing  litera- 
ture. In  order  the  more  fully  to  carrj'  out  this  design, 
arrangements  are,  we  understand,  being  made  with  the 
best  authors  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  to  contribute 
original  articles  to  its  pages.  It  will  appear  about 
August,  and  be  largely  illustrated. 

Admiral.  Deaxe. — In  regard  to  this  highly  distin- 
guished servant  of  the  Commonwealth,  the  readers  of 
"  X,  &  Q."  and  eveiy  student  of  English  history  will 
rejoice  to  be  informed  that  his  somewhat  obscure  and  much 
misrepresented  biography  has  for  many  years  engaged 
the  attention  of  the  Rev.  John  Bathurst  Deane,  M.A., 
F.S.A.,  who  has  now  completed  a  Life  of  the  Admiral, 
which  wiU  very  shortly  be  given  to  the  press. 


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LXL-Kenneth'a  Child. 
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SIDE,  GODALMING.  SURREY. 

Under  the  combined  application  of  warm  and  tonic  processes,  regu- 
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is  adapted  to  the  most  delicate  constitutions,  and  has  been  very  success- 
ful in  the  cure  or  relief  of  Disorders  of  the  Chest,  Nerves,  Digestive 
Organs.  Rheumatic  and  Gouty  Complaints,  and  General  Debility,  and 
is  highly  beneficial  to  that  large  class  of  persons  suffering  from  over- 
exertion, mental  or  physical.  Unlike  the  "  Cold  Water  Cure,"  the 
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The  locality  is  salubrious  and  beautiful,  the  situation  being  one  of 
the  finest  on  the  Surrey  hills.-Prospectuses  may  be  obtained  on  appli- 
cation to  MR.  MABERLY,  M.R.C.S. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S'-i  S.  XI.  June  29,  '67. 


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A  few  copies  of  this  privately  printed  volume  on  sale,  of  which  the 
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and  the  biographical  sketch  of  the  President,  Lumpkin  Queer.  Esq.,  is 
in  the  style  of  the  introductory  chapter  to  'Martin  Chuzzlewit,'  but  a 
touch  cleverer  performance.  Still  better  is  the  President's  address,  the 
grave  and  plausible  absurdity  of  which  is  almost  painfully  laughable 
A  paper  on  '  Some  Peculiarities  of  the  French  Language  '  is,  with  its 
delichtful  literal  translation  of  '  How  doth  the  little  busy  bee  "(the 
irrepressible  insect  being  rendered  '  L'abeille  peu  jndustrieuse  ').  one  of 
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Phonography  is  taught  in  Class,  at  7s.  6d. ;  or  Private  Instruction 
given,  personally  or  by  post,  for  U.  Is.  the  Complete  Course  of  Lessons. 
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TT  •  Court,  W.C.  Pictures  lined,  cleaned,  and  restored;  Water- 
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MR,  HOWARD,  Surgeon-Dentist,  52,  Fleet  Street, 
has  introduced  an  entirely  new  description  of  ARTIFICIAL 
TEETH, fijced  without  springs,  wires,  or  ligatures:  they  so  perfectly 
resemble  the  natural  tteth  as  not  to  be  distingmshed  from  the  original 
by  the  closest  observer  ;  they  will  never  change  colour  or  decay,  and 
will  be  found  very  superior  to  any  teeth  ever  before  used.  This  method 
does  not  require  the  extraction  of  roots  or  any  painful  operation,  and 
will  support  and  preserve  teeth  that  are  loose,  and  is  guaranteed  to 
restore  articulation  and  mastication.  Decayed  teeth  stopped  and  ren- 
dered sound  and  useful  in  mastication — 52,  Fleet  Street.  At  home 
from  ten  till  five.— Consultations  free. 

WHITE   and  SOUND    TEETH —JEWSBURY 
&  BROWN'S  ORIENTAL  TOOTH  PASTE.    Established  by 
40  years'  experience  as  the  best  preservative  for  the  Teeth  and  Giuus. 
The  original  and  only  genuine,  Is.  6J.  and  2s.  6d.  per  pot. 
113,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER  ; 
And  by  Agents  throughout  the  Kingdom  and  Colonies. 


XI.  Sins  of  the  Tongue. 
Xn.  Youth  and  Age. 

XIII.  Christ  our  Rest. 

XIV.  The  Slavery  of  Sin. 
XV.  The  Sleep  of  Death. 

XVI.  David's  Sin  our  Warning. 
XVII.  The  Story  of  St.  John. 
XVIII.  The  Worship  of  the  Sera- 
phim. 
XIX.  Joseph  an  Example  to  the 
Young. 
XX.  Home  Religion. 
XXI.  The  Latin  Service  of  the 
Romish  Church. 


PRICE  SIX  SHILLINGS. 

SERMONS 

PREACHED   IN   WESTMINSTER: 

BV    THE 

REV.  C.  F.  SECRETAN. 

Vicar  of  Longdon,  Worcestershire. 
The  Profits  will  be  given  to  the  Building  Fund  of  the  West- 
minster and  Fimlico   Church  of  England   Commercial 
School. 

CONTENTS: 
I.  The  Way  to  be  happy. 
II.  The    Woman     taken     in 
Adultery. 

III.  The  Two  Records  of  Crea- 

tion. 

IV.  The  Fall  and  the  Repent- 

ance of  Peter. 
V.  The  Good  Daughter. 
VT.  The  Convenient  Season. 

VIL  The  Death  of  the  Martyrs. 
VIII.  God  is  Love. 

IX.  St.   Paul's    Thorn  in  the 
Flesh. 
X.  Evil  Thoughts. 

"  Mr.  Secretan  is  a  pains-taking  writer  of  practical  theology.  Called 
to  minister  to  an  intelligent  middle-class  London  congregation,  he  has 
to  avoid  the  temptation  to  appear  abstrusely  inteUectualr-:a  great  error 
with  many  London  preachers,— and  at  the  same  time  to  rise  above  the 
strictly  plain  sermon  required  by  an  unlettered  flock  in  the  country. 
He  has  hit  the  mean  with  complete  success,  and  produced  a  volume 
which  will  be  readily  bought  by  those  who  are  in  search  of  sermons  for 
family  reading.  Out  of  twenty-one  discourses  it  is  almost  impossible 
to  give  an  extract  which  would  show  the  quality  of  the  rest,  but  whUe 
we  commend  them  as  a  whole,  we  desire  to  mention  with  especial  re- 
spect one  on  the  '  Two  Records  of  Creation,'  in  which  the  vexata 
qu€sstio  of  '  Geology  and  Genesis  '  is  stated  with  great  perspicuity  and 
faithfulness;  another  on  '  Home  Religion,'  in  which  the  duty  of  the 
Christian  to  labour  for  the  salvation  of  his  relatives  and  friends  is 
strongly  enforced,  and  one  on  the '  Latin  Ser^•ice  In  the  Romish  Church,' 
which  though  an  argumentative  sermon  on  a  point  of  controversy,  is 
perfectly  free  from  a  controversial  spirit,  and  treats  the  subject  with 
great  fairness  and  ability. "—i!(erari/  Churchman. 

length 
\giisn  LynurcttTiian. 

"  This  volume  bears  evidence  of  no  small  ability  to  recommend  it  to 
our  readers.  It  is  characterised  by  a  liberality  and  breadth  of  thought 
which  might  be  copied  with  advantage  by  many  of  the  author's  bre- 
thren, while  the  language  is  nervous,  racy  Saxon.  In  Mr.  Secretau's 
sermons  there  are  genuine  touches  of  feeling  and  pathos  which  are  im- 
pressive and  affecting; —  notably  in  those  on  'the  Woman  taken  in 
Adultery,'  and  on  '  Youth  and  Age.'  On  the  whole,  in  the  light  of  a 
contribution  to  sterling  English  literature,  Mr.  Secretan's  sermons  are 
worthy  of  our  commendation."—  Globe. 

"  Mr.  Secretan  is  no  undistinguished  man  :  he  attained  a  considerable 
position  at  Oxford,  and  he  is  well  known  in  Westminster— where  he  has 
worked  for  many  years  — no  less  as  an  indefatigable  and  self-denying 
clergyman  than  as  an  effective  preacher.  These  sermons  are  extremely 
plain  —  simple  and  pre-eminently  practical—  intelligible  to  the  poorest, 
while  there  runs  thi  ough  them  a  poetical  spirit  and  many  touches  of 
the  highest  pathos  which  must  attract  intellectual  minds."  —  Weefclt/ 
Mail. 

London:  BELL  &  DALDY,  186,  Fleet  Street,  E.  C. 


In  the  Press.    Price  5s. 

A   CATALOGUE  OF  PEDIGREES  HITHERTO 

Ca.  UN-INDEXED.  — This  Work  is  Supplementary  to  the  various 
Indexes  hitherto  printed,  and  contains  Pedigrees  from  Hasted's  "  Kent," 
Morant's"  Essex,"  "Gentleman's  Magazine"  and  a  number  selected 
from  Biographical,  Genealogical,  Topographical,  and  other  Works  ; 
together  with  references  to  the  Principal  GBXEALooicii.  Articles  ix 
"  Notes  am)  Qdebies."  Aho  a  small  List  of  Family  Histories,  Peerage 
Cases,  »c.  Subscribers'  Names  received  by  JAMES  COLEMAN, 
22,  High  Street,  Bloomsbury,  W.C,  who  will  forward  a  Prospectus  of 
the  W  ork  on  application. 


PAINLESS  DENTAL  ATTENDANCE. 

MESSRS.  GABRIEL,  56,  Harley  Street,  Cavendish 
Square  (Established  1815).    The  Patentees  of 
OSTEO    EICON, 

the  improved  flexible  base  for  Artificial  Teeth  without  Springs  ;  fltted 
without  the  extraction  of  any  stiunps,  and  affording  support  to  remain- 
ing teeth. 

Messks.  Gapbiel's  Addresses  are  56  (late  27).  Harley  Street,  Caven- 
dish Square,  W.,  and  64.  Ludgate  Hill  (near  Railway  Bridge),  City ;  at 
Liverpool,  134,  Duke  Street. 

Complete  Sets  from  5  to  25  Guineas. 

"  We  can  with  confidence  recommend  these  Teelh."— Times. 

Gabriel's  Ekamel  Cemeki  for  restoring  decayed  Teeth,  5s.  per  box. 


S^d  S.  XI.  June  29,  'o7.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


513 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  29,  1867. 


CONTENTS.— No  287 


NOTES  :  —  Engravings,  Drawings,  Photographs,  and  Auto- 
graphs, &.C.,  513  —  Mathematical  Bibliography,  514 —  The 
Destruction  of  Monuments  and  Gravestones  —  Frankhn 

—  Daniel  O'Connellon  the  Hiring  of  "  Informers  "—David 
Hume  — Paris  Statistics,  515. 

QUERIES:  —  Anonymous  —  Henry  Aiken,  Artist  —  Ab- 
besses as  Confessors  -  William  Bird  —  Barrows  in  the 
Japygian  Peninsula  —  Bell  at  Kirkthorp  —  Beauty  Unfor- 
tunate —  Church  with  thatched  Roof —Church  and  Queen, 
&c.  —  Communion  —  Dr.  T.  Fuller's  Prayer  before  Sermon 

—  Early  German  Prints  of  Jason  and  Medea—  Hamlet  — 
Obsolete  Phrases,  <Scc.  —  "  The  Peerage  Paralleled,  a  Poem  " 

—  Highland  Pistols  —  A  Query  on  Pope  —  Wax  Tablets  at 
Thorn  — Wingfield  Church,  Suffolk,  516. 

QuEEiES  WITH  A>'svrEES :  —  Intended  Duel  between  Earl 
of  Warwick  and  Lord  Cavendish  —  Divines  of  the  Church 
of  England  — St.  Michael's  Mount,  Cornwall —  "  Manu- 
scrit  venu  de  St.  H6l6ne"  — "  To  Slate,"  519. 

REPLIES:  — An  Eye-witness  of  the  Execution  of  Louis 
XVI.  and  Revolutionary  Characters,  521  —  Cornish  Name 
of  St.  Michael's  Mount,  522  —  Commander  of  the  "  Niglit- 
ingale,"  523  —  Tooth-Sealing,  52:i  —  Supposed  Legend  of 
the  Book  of  Job,  524  — Vowel  Changes:  a,  aw,  525  — Der- 
bvshire  Ballads  —  Dr.  Wolcot  —  Ugo  Foscolo  -  Skinner  — 
"'Norrepod  "  —  Sanhedrim  —  Cusack  Family  —  Sealing  the 
Stone  —  A  Simile  —  Montezuma's  Cup  —  "  Quid  levius 
penna,"  &c.  —  Cusack  —  Herb  Pudding  —  "  Suppressed 
Poem  of  Lord  Bvron  "  —  Pair  —  Sir  Walter  Scott  —  Cali- 
graphy  —  Flintoft's  Chant  — Rev.  John  Darwell  —  Morn- 
ing's Pride  —  Cottle  Family  —  Archbishop  Whately's  Puz- 
zle —  "  L'Homme  Fossile  en  Europe  "  —  Porter's  Memorial 
Tomb,  &c.  526. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 

ENGRAVINGS,  DRAWINGS,  PHOTOGRAPHS, 
AND  AUTOGRAPHS  : 

PROPOSAL  FOE  THE  FORMATION  OF  A  NATIONAL  COL- 
LECTION OF  THEM,  ILLUSTRATING  THE  HISTORY  AND 
ANTIQUITIES  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM. 

It  is  surprising  that  with  our  strong  interest  in 
the  fine  arts  and  in  history,  biography  and  archse- 
ology,  and  with  our  active  propensity  for  ^'  col- 
lecting," we  should  not  possess  in  any  of  our 
national  repositories  a  complete  series  of  folios 
adequately  illustrating  the  history  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland. 

Ever  since  Granger  and  Pennant  wrote,  private 
individuals  have  partially  undertaken  fragmentary 
collections  of  this  kind.  It  appears  that  the  in- 
clination for  this  charming  and  very  useful  pursuit 
is  now  beginning  to  die  out ;  but  a  few  years  ago 
the  advertisement  columns  of  The  Athencsuin  and 
other  literary  and  antiquarian  journals  were,  dur- 
ing the  season,  full  of  notices  of  the  sales  of 
engraved  portraits,  autographs,  topographical 
prints  and  drawings,  collected  with  great  labour 
and  outlay,  and  also  with  vast  delight,  by  such 
men  as  Horace  Walpole,  Sykes,  Beckford,  and 
Upcott.  Unhappily,  but  few  of  these  collections 
were  obtained  for  the  nation.  Still  we  do  possess 
a  few  of  great  importance,  such  as  the  Sutherland 
Clarendon  at  Oxford,  and  the  Crowle,  Pennant, 
and  the  Duke  of  Gloucester's  Clarendon  in  the 


British  Museum.     These  noble  collections,  how- 
ever, form  only  small  parts  of  what  is  needful, 
and  they  are  not  very  readily  accessible  to  artists 
and  students  in  general.     Many  a  valuable  hour 
has  been  wasted  in  searching  through  the  print- 
shops  and  in  small  private  collections  for  undis- 
coverable  illustrations,  such  as  views  of  Fother- 
inghay  Castle  and  portraits  of  Both  well.  I  recollect 
that  some  twenty  years  ago  the  best  archaeological 
draughtsman  of  the  day  was  obliged  to  spend  a 
great  deal  of  his  time  in  this  manner.     I  am  not 
aware  that  any  such  collection  as  I  am  proposing 
is  accessible  to  the  public.     The  nucleus  of  one 
might,  however,  be  formed  by  throwing  together 
the  Sutherland,  Crowle,  and  Gloucester  collec- 
tions, and  by  adding  to  them  all  needful  auto- 
graphs available  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  a  full 
series  of  county  topographical  illustrations,  and  a 
few  such  collections  as  those  made  by  Mr.  Fillin- 
ham  and  others  of  playbills,  theatres,  and  various 
other  public  exhibitions,  ballooning,   frost  fairs, 
&c.  &c.     A  few  of  the  leading  requirements  of 
such  a  national  collection  are — a  complete  series 
of  proof  engravings,  drawings  (such  as  those  which 
gave  reputation  to   Sandby,   Harding,    Stothard, 
and  Allomj,  and  photographs  of  aU  notabilities 
and  national  monuments  of  which  representations 
exist  or  can  be  taken,  from  the  Celtic  period  down 
to  the  present  day.     I  would  not  recommend  that 
any  given  history — such  as  Hume's  or  Macaulay's — 
should    be  literally  illustrated,   but  that  every 
person  and  point  noted  in  the  historical,  biogra- 
phical, and  antiquarian  literature  of  our  country 
should  be  fully  represented.     Such  a  collection 
ought  to  contain,  arranged  either  in  years  or  in 
reigns,   engravings,   drawings,   and  photographs, 
not    only   of  all  remarkable   persons,  but  also, 
whenever  procurable,  their  autograph  letters,  with 
representations  of  their  birth-places,  their  resi- 
dences, and  their  tombs.     With  the  illustrations 
of  each  distinguished  artist's  life  should  be  found 
a  selection  from  his  best  sketches.     If  chosen  with 
judgment,    the    antiquarian,   topographical,    and 
architectural  illustrations  could  not   be  too  nu- 
merous.    The}^  should,  of  course,  be   accurately 
classified    and    arranged    chronologically.      The 
collection  would  include  broadsides,  proclamations, 
handbills,  prints  of  furniture,  fashions,  ornaments, 
objects  of  ve)-tu,   armour,   weapons,   tradesmen's 
cards,  engravings  of  great-seals,  coins,  medals  and 
tokens,  and  rubbings  of  brasses. 

Such  a  collection  could  be  best  formed  in  asso- 
ciation with  the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  for  the 
ultimate  and  full  success  of  which  institution  a 
work  of  this  kind  is  almost  indispensable.  _  We 
can  never  hope  to  have  a  complete  and  reliable 
collection  of  national  portraits,  on  panel  and  can- 
vas, until  we  have  brought  together  a  series  of 
prints  which  shall  at  once  explain,  verify,  index, 
and  supplement  it.    Besides  this,  a  portrait  en- 


614 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  June  29,  '67. 


graved  by  Strange,  Sliarp,  Hollar,  Faithome, 
Loggan,  or  Houbracken  is  a  precious  and  beauti- 
ful object  of  art,  without  whicb  our  National 
Portrait  Gallery  must  remain  incomplete. 

A  collection  of  this  kind  largely  supplied,  in  the 
first  place,  from  the  Print  Room  of  the  British 
Museum  and  from  the  Record  Office,  ought  to 
accumulate  rapidly.  The  needful  engravings  are 
not  generally  very  costly ;  and,  in  all  probability, 
many  private  collections,  which  would  otherwise 
be  broken  up  in  the  auction-rooms,  would  find  a 
permanent  abiding-place  there. 

These  folios,  if  made  readily  accessible  to  the 
public,  under  sufficient  but  liberal  restrictions, 
would  greatly  interest  every  educated  person,  and 
would  be  especially  of  vast  practical  use  to  his- 
torians, topographers,  antiquaries,  artists,  archi- 
tects, designers,  manufacturers,  poets,  novelists, 
and  print  and  autograph  collectors.  The  general 
plan  of  such  a  collection  is  remarkably  well  dis- 
played in  Knight's  Okl  England.  Any  one  who 
turns  over  that  deservedly  popular  work  will  per- 
ceive that  the  measure  now  proposed  is  by  no 
means  impracticable.  This  undertaking  ought  to 
be  carried  out  as  soon  as  possible,  as  rare  prints 
and  drawings,  as  well  as  national  monuments,  are 
perishable  things.  Calcuttensis. 


MATHEMATICAL   BIBLIOGRAPHY.* 

Professor  De  Morgan  has  (2""^  S.  x.  233) 
noticed  the  rarity  of  the  spurious  edition  of  New- 
ton's Fluxions.  The  present  Note  is  framed  upon 
the  identical  copy  which  I  lent  to  Professor  De 
Morgan,  and  which  is  now  before  me.  Between 
the  Preface  and  Newton's  work  there  is  a  leaf 
(two  pages)  of  the  Contents.  The  catch-word 
("  the ")  of  the  Contents  does  not  correspond 
with  the  first  word  ("  of")  of  the  treatise.  The 
priucipal  divisions  of  the  treatise  are  headed  as 
Problems.  The  descriptions  of  the  Problems  in 
the  Contents  do  not  always  verbally  correspond 
with  the  headings  in  the  body  of  the  work.  The 
following  Table  purports  to  be  the  Contents :  — 
The  Introduction :  Or  the  Solution  of  Equations 
by  Infinite  Series,  p.  1.  Problem  I.  From  the 
Flowing  Quantities  given  to  find  their  Fluxions, 
p.  27.  Problem  II.  From  the  given  Fluxions,  to 
find  the  Flowing  Quantities,  p.  34.  Problem  HI. 
To  determine  the  Maxima  and  Minima  of  Quan- 
tities, p.  60.  Problem  IV.  To  draw  Tangents 
to  Curves,  p.  62.  Problem  V.  To  find  the  Quan- 
tity of  Curvature  in  any  Curve,  p.  81.  Problem 
VI.  To  find  the  Quality  of  Curvature  in  any 
Curve,  p.  104.  Problem  VII.  To  find  any 
Number  of  Curves  that  may  be  squared,  p.  110. 
Preblein  VIII.  To  find  any  Number  of  Curves 
whose  Areas  may  be  compared  with  the  Conick 

*  Continued  from  3'''  S.  ii.  445. 


Sections,  p.  112.  Problem  IX.  To  find  the  Quad- 
rature of  any  Curve  proposed,  p.  119.  Problem  X. 
To  find  any  Number  of  Curves  that  may  be  rec- 
tified, p.  164.  Problem  XI.  To  find  any  Number 
of  Curves  whose  Lines  may  be  compared  with  any 
Curve  assigned,  p  173.  Problem  XII.  To  de- 
termine the  Lengths  of  Curves,  p.  180.  These 
pagings  correspond  accurately  with  the  pages  of 
the  treatise  which  follows.  The  writer  of  the 
Preface  alludes  to  the  Principia  (pp.  iii,  iv),  cites 
the  Commercium  Epistolicum  (pp.  iv  and  vii),  and 
mentions  Wallis  and  Jones  (p.  iv),  Pemberton 
(p.  xiv),  Vieta  and  Oughtred  (p.  xi).  Newton 
himself  mentions  Mercator  (p.  2),  and  Huddenius 
(p.  60),  and  cites  Descartes  (pp.  64,  73,  74  and 
110).  To  those  who  may  have  been  puzzled  by  a 
circumstance  mentioned  by  Pbof.  De  Morgan  in 
the  Companion  to  the  Almanac  for  1853  (p.  11  of  a 
separate  copy)  it  may  be  useful  to  have  the  descrip- 
tion Bib.  Reg.  48.  a.  28.  Cartesius.  Geometria.  4° 
Lud.  et  Dan.  Elz.  1659-61,  which  I  transcribe 
from  a  British  Museum  Reading-room  paper  dated 

5  June,  '54,  and  the  description  — ^^   Schooten 

(F.A.)  Principia  Matheseos.  4°  Lugd.  B.  1651, 
which  I  transcribe  from  a  similar  document  dated 
31  May,  '54.  To  one  of  these  books,  the  first 
named  I  think,  Hudde's  work  De  Rediictione,  &c. 
will  be  found  appended.  In  my  copy  of  Newton's 
Fluxions  there  is  not,  that  I  am  aware  of  (and 
perhaps  we  should  not  expect  to  find)  anything 
like  Oolson's  rule,  discussed  by  Prof.  J.  R.  Yotjng 
in  the  Philosophical  Magazine  (S.  iii,  vol.  xxxvi, 
p.  128).  Newton,  or  rather  the  translator,  speaks 
of  species  (Fluxions,  pp.  1,  2,  22,  23) ;  of  in- 
definite species  (pp.  12,  14,  22,  23;  and  see 
p.  49);  of  radical  species  (pp.  12,  14,  19);  of 
letters  (pp.  20,  162,  163),  and  literal  coefficients 
(p.  10) ;  of  quantity  (pp.  22,  23),  and  indefinite 
quantity  (p.  23)  ;  of  symbols  (pp.  35,  36,  50,  52, 
59) ;  of  surd  quantities  (pp.  11,  20,  29,  30)  aud 
cubic  radicals  (p.  30) ;  of  numeral  equations  (pp. 
10,  21),  and,  using  the  woi'd  numeral  in  the  same 
(p.  188)  and  also  in  a  more  general  sense,  of  a 
numeral  coefficient  (p.  53) ;  and  of  algebraic  terms 
(pp.  2,  36).  Newton  had  a  method  of  contraction 
(p.  9),  and  contem^ated  v^arious  transformations 
(p.  23).  And,  mennoning  transformation,  I  may 
add  that,  according  to  Mr.  Wilkinson  {Mechanics'' 
Magazine,  vol.  50,  p.  563),  a  method  which,  if  not 
translated  from,  is  similar  to  that  of  Tschirn- 
hausen,  is  printed  in  The  B7-itish  Oracle  (about 
1769  or  1770).  Newton  employs  the  method  of 
indeterminate  coefficients  (Fluxions,  pp.  53,  64, 
162,  163) ;  he  speaks  of  the  perfect  root  (p.  24, 
and  see  p.  52),  and  of  the  true  root  (p.  24),  and 
of  the  limits  of  the  roots  (pp.  24,  25) ;  and  of  a 
fictitious  equation  (pp.  14,  15),  in  the  sense  of  an 
approximate  equation.  Frequently  the  phrase- 
ology does  not  differ  from  the  present.     Thus,  we 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  20,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


515 


have  '  fractional  indices  '  (p.  55)  and  '  Quotient ' 
(pp.  3,  4,  20),  though  Quote  seems  to  be  more 
frequently  used  (p.  7  et  seq.).  We  find  the 
phrase  'Analogy  of  the  Series'  (p.  20).  The 
term  '  derived  equation '  (p.  57)  is  used  in  a  sense 
the  opposite  of  that  now  given  to  it.  Infinite 
equations  are  comprehended  in  Newton's  discus- 
sion (pp.  18,  20,  24,  52).  He  illustrates  fluxions 
by  means  of  Space  and  an  equivalent  for  Time 
(p.  26),  the  Relate  Quantity,  or,  as  we  should 
call  it,  the  dependent  variable,  corresponding  to 
Space  and  the  Correlate  to  the  equivalent  for 
Time  (p.  38j.  I  may  observe  here  that  Newton 
considers  the  numerator  of  the  fraction  as  the 
Antecedent  of  the  ratio  (p.  38).  The  radical 
species  seems  to  be  the  unknown  or  root,  and  the 
indefinite  species  seems  to  be  treated  as  a  known 
quantity  (see  pp.  12  and  49).  Newton  connects 
infinite  and  impossible  values  (pp.  24,  25) ;  he 
distinguishes  certain  curves  as  mechanical  (pp.  64, 
114,  115,  116),  others  as  geometrical  (p.  116). 
His  mechanical  approximation  is  effected  by  in- 
definite numbers  or  coefficients  (pp.  161-163). 

From  Davies's  Ilutton  (p.  60,  footnote)  it  ap- 
pears that  Colson's  rule  is  found  at  p.  162  of 
Newton's  Fluxions.  In  his  Hutton  (12th  ed. 
1841)  Davies  gives  some  historical  information 
OB  which  I  have  now  no  time  to  say  more. 

Chief  Justice  Cockle,  F.R.S. 

Brisbane.  Queensland.  Australia, 
April  iO,  18G7. 


The  Destruction  or  Monuments  and  Grave- 
stones.— This  is  a  subject  that  has  frequently 
been  referred  to  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  is  one  that 
daily  troubles  the  peace  of  mind  of  antiquaries 
and  genealogists.  I  revert  to  it  now  to  make  a 
suggestion.  In  this  age  of  church  restoration  it 
is  impossible,  and  perhaps  undesirable,  to  stop 
the  removal  of  unsightly  monuments  and  mural 
tablets,  or  the  covering  of  chancel  gravestones 
with  encaustic  tiles.  To  wi-ite  against  this  is  as 
useless  as  throwing  a  hat  against  the  wind  ;  but 
it  ought  to  be  possible  to  mitigate,  if  not  to 
remedy  the  abuse.  Why  should  not  a  short  act 
of  parliament  be  passed  requiring  incumbents  and 
churchwardens  of  churches  about  to  undergo  re- 
pair to  have  a  plan  made  by  a  competent  archi- 
tect, showing  the  position  of  each  gravestone, 
tablet,  and  monument  within  the  church,  and  a 
careful  copy  of  the  inscriptions  written  in  a  book 
and  deposited  with  the  parish  registers,  to  be  in- 
spected at  any  time?  The  expense  would  be 
small,  and  the  benefit  very  great.  In  Sheffield 
parish  a  portion  of  the  graveyard  was  recentlj^ 
given  up  to  widen  a  narrow  and  busy  street. 
The  inscriptions  on  the  displaced  gravestones  were 
copied  and  placed  in  the  parish  records,  where 


they  will  probably  be  found  long  after  inscriptions 
on  the  other  stones  in  the  vard  have  perished. 

J.  D.  L. 
Franklin.  — 

"  Eripuit  cceIo  fiilmen  sceptrumque  tyrannis." 
It  is  usual  to  ascribe  this  line,  which  was  placed 
beneath  the  bust  of  Franklin,  to  the  celebrated 
Turgot.  What  authority  is  there  for  this  belief? 
The  first  hemistich  has  a  classic  ring ;  can  it  be 
traced  to  a  classic  author  ? 

Felix  Nogaret,  a  poetaster  of  the  time,  trans- 
lated it  thus :  — 

"  II  6te  au  ciel  la  foudre  et  le  sceptre  aux  tyrans," 
and  sent  his  translation  with  much  fulsome  praise 
to  the  philosopher.     Franklin's  answer  is  highly 
characteristic :  — 

"Monsieur, — J'ai  recu  la  lettre  dans  laquelle,  apres 
m'avoir  accable  d'un  torrent  de  compliments  qui  me 
causent  un  sentiment  penible,  car  je  ne  puis  espe'rer  les 
meriter  jamais,  vous  me  demandez  mon  opinion  sur  la 
traduction  d'un  vers  latin.  Je  suis  trop  peu  connaisseur, 
quant  aux  elegances  et  aux  finesses  de  votre  excellent 
langage,  pour  oser  me  porter  juge  de  la  poesie  qui  doit  se 
trouver  dans  ce  vers.  .Je  vous  ferai  seulement  remarquer 
deux  inexactitudes  dans  le  vers  original.  Malgre  mes 
expe'riences  sur  I'electricite.  la  foudre  tombe  toujours  a 
notre  nez  et  k  notre  barbe,  et  quant  au  tyran,  nous  avons 
ete'  plus  d'un  million  d'hommes  occupes  a,  lui  arracher 
son  sceptre." 

C.  T.  Ramage. 

Daniel  O'Connell  on  the  Hiring  of  "In- 
formers."— Some  discussion  has  recently  arisen 
as  regards  the  morality  of  hiring  spies  and  in- 
formers to  detect  or  betray  conspiracy.  Upon  this 
point  I  send  you  an  extract  from  a  letter  ad- 
dressed to  Lord  Plunket,  which  appears  in  vol.  ii. 
p.  109  of  his  Life  recently  published.  The  writer 
was  Daniel  O'Connell ;  the  occasion,  some  doubt- 
ful political  conduct  of  Saurin,  the  Attorney- 
General. 

It  does  not  appear  that  the  context  restricts  the 
opinion,  or  lessens  its  general  authority :  — 

"  In  the  case  of  a  Catholic  so  offending,  I  should  be 
desirous  that  the  usual  modes  of  obtaining  evidence  of 
secret  conspiracies — the  giving  rewards  to  any  associate 
who  would  betray  and  prove  guilt  must  be  resorted  to. 
Such  crimes  require  and  justifj'  the  hiring,  at  wages,  that 
kind  of  treachery  which  all  honest  men  abhor,  but  must 
make  use  of ;  otherwise  secret  conspiracies  must  go  un- 
punished." 

The  letter  and  the  discreditable  act  to  which  it 
refers  well  deserve  perusal.  S.  H. 

David  Hume.  —  The  historian  and  philosopher 
was  born  at  Edinburgh,  April  26,  1711.  His 
father  was  John  Plume  of  Ninewells.  The  follow- 
ing is  the  entry  of  the  baptism,  at  Edinburgh,  of 
his  mother :  — 

"  5th  October,  168.3.  Sir  David  Falconer,  Lord  Presi- 
dent of  the  Session  :  Dame  Mary  Xorvell.   a.  d.  n.*  Cathe- 

*  A  daughter  named. 


516 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3rd  s,  XI.  June  29,  '67. 


rine.  Witn:  Sir  Alexander  Seaton  of  Pitmedden,  one  of 
the  Senators  of  the  Coll:  of  Justice,  Michael  Norvell  of 
Boghall,  Mr.  Georgre  and  Mr.  Eobert  Xorvells  his  brethren, 
and  James  Galbraith,  -writter.  Baptised  on  the  4th  in- 
stant." 

There  laas  been  an  excellent  practice  in  Scot- 
land, dating  very  far  back,  of  entering  in  the  re- 
gister, on  the  baptism  of  a  child,  the  paternal  name 
of  the  mother,  with  the  names  of  witnesses,  some- 
times as  many  as  seven.  (See  Brown's  Collection 
of  Epitaphs  in  Grey-Friars  Clmrchjarcl,  Edinburgh, 
p.  294  n.,  with  notes  by  David  Laing,  1867.) 

T.  F. 

Paeis  Statistics.  —  The  following  details  of 
the  amounts  annually  spent  in  the  French  capital 
for  articles  of  consumption,  dress,  &c.,  are  curious 
enough  to  be  made  a  note  of.  I  therefore  send 
them  to  you.  They  are  taken  from  a  French 
paper,  and  stated  to  be  official,  probably  from  the 
Budget  of  the  ^Municipality  of  Paris.  I  have 
placed  the  items  according  to  the  highest  rate  of 
consumption :  — 


Wine 

Beef  and  Mutton 

Tailors 

Eestaurants 

Bread 

Artificial  Flowers 

Perfumery   . 

Pastrj',  Bonbons,  &c. 

Bonnets  and  Hats 

Chocolate     . 

False  Diamonds 

Gloves 

Buttons 

Beer 

Corsets 

Fans 

False  Teeth 

Masquerade  Dresses 

Glass  Eyes  . 


Francs. 

.     192,000,000 

.     153,000,000 

.     104,000,000 

.     104,000,000 

.       95,000,000 

.      28,000,000 

.       22,000,000 

.       21,000,000 

.      20,000,000 

.       16,000,000 

.       18,000,000 

.       15,000,000 

.       15,000,000 

.       10.000,000 

8,000,000 

5,000,000 

1,500,000 

750,000 

84,000 

Philip  S.  Kixg. 


(Sttcric^. 

AxoxYMors. — 1.  Who  is  author  of  Mardocheus, 
a  drama,  1836,  Boulogne,  France,  Anon.  ?  The 
author  seems  to  have  been  a  retired  naval  officer. 
In  a  note  to  his  drama  he  alludes  to  his  having 
served  on  the  coast  of  Africa.  He  says :  "  When 
I  was  on  the  coast  of  Africa  i^  1800-1,  I  boarded 
the  Liverpool  slavers  officially.'^  What  kind  of 
office  is  referred  to  here  ?  An  answer  to  this  last 
query  might  perhaps  serve  to  identify  the  author. 

2.  Wanda,  a  dramatic  poem,  translated  from 
the  Polish  by  A.  M.  M.,  1863,  London.  Privately 
printed.     Who  is  the  translator  ? 

3.  Who  is  author  of  Mixed  Poems,  by  a 
Clergyman,  1857,  Hope  &  Co.,  London  ? 

4.  Who  is   author  of   Tales  of  the  Academy, 


a  juvenile  work,  published  about  1820?     It  was 
printed,  I  think,  at  Witham  or  Maldon,  Essex. 

R.  L 

He^tiy  Aleen,  Artist.  —  The  fertility  of  this 
artist  was  shown  by  a  long  series  of  sporting  sub- 
jects, published  under  a  great  variety  of  titles. 
Speaking  at  guess,  I  should  say  they  appeared 
between  1822  and  1840.  I  do  not  seek  for  in- 
formation about  them,  but  about  the  artist  him- 
self. Has  any  memoir  of  him  been  published  ? 
How  did  he  attain  to  his  familiarity  with  all  the 
details  of  the  hunting-field  ?  Some  sporting 
readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  could,  doubtless,  teU  me  all 
about  him,  D. 

Abbesses  as  Confessors. — Michelet,  La  Sor- 
ciere,  pp.  254,  ed,  1863,  says :  — 

'•  Le  chanoine  Mignon,  comme  on  I'appelait,  tenait  la 
supeiieure.  Elle  et  lui  en  confession  {les  dames  supcrieures 
confessaient  les  religieuses),  "tous  deux  apprirent  avec 
fureur  que  les  jeunes  nonnes  ne  revaient  que  de  ce  Gran- 
dies,  dout  on  parlait  tant." 

The  italics  are  mine.  Was  it  usual  in  all  coun- 
tries, as  ]Michelet  implies  it  was  in  France,  for 
"lady  superiors,"  or  abbesses,  to  receive  confes- 
sions, and  could  they  give  absolution  ?  It  seems 
contrary  to  every  received  notion,  ancient  and 
modem,  for  women  to  exercise  priestly  functions, 
though  on  the  score  of  morality  it  may,  especially 
in  those  days,  and  in  nunneries,  have  been  better 
for  women  to  hear  women's  confessions.  What 
Michelet  tells  us,  of  the  danger  attending  the 
priests  hearing  them,  both  to  himself  and  to  the 
nuns,  will  satisfy  anyone  on  this  head.  {La 
Soreiere,  pp.  248.)  R.  C.  S.  W. 

WiLLiAii  Bird.  —  Was  Bird,  the  organist  of 
St.  Paul's  in  Queen  Mary's  time,  ever  in  trouble 
on  account  of  his  religion  ?  In  a  list  of  places 
frequented  by  certain  recusants  in  and  about  Lon- 
don, or  who  were  to  be  come  by  upon  warning, 
under  date  1581,  I  find  the  following  entry :  — 
"  Wyllra  Byredi  of  the  Chappele,  at  his  house 
in  the  prshe  of  harlington,  in  Com.  Midds."  If 
this  be  Bird  the  composer,  is  anything  further 
known  of  this  fact,  or  of  his  house  ? 

In  another  entry  he  is  set  down  as  a  friend  and 
abettor  of  those  beyond  the  sea,  and  is  said  to  be 
residing  "with  Mr.  Lister,  over  against  St. 
Dunstan's,  or  at  the  Lord  Padgette's  house  at 
Draighton."  A.  E.  L. 

Barrows  ix  the  JAPTeiA>^  PEjfrxsrLA. —  Can 
any  of  your  correspondents  refer  me  to  a  work 
giving  an  account  of  barrows  found  in  that 
southern  peninsula  of  Italy  forming  what  is  popu- 
larly known  as  the  heel  of  the  boot  ?  In  passing 
from  Gallipoli  southwards  to  visit  the  supposed 
site  of  the  ancient  Temple  of  Minerva,  referred  to 
by  Virgil  {^n.  iii.  631),  near  the  Capo  di  Leuca, 
I  came  upon  an  artificial  mound  rising  from  a 


S'-d  S.  XI.  JoNE  29,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


517 


level  plain  to  tlie  height  of  about  three  hundred 
feet,  as  far  as  the  ej'e  could  judge.  It  was  par- 
ticularly striking,  and  on  inquiring  respecting  it, 
I  was  told  that  it  was  a  "  specola,"  in  fact  a  spe- 
cimen of  what  Milton  calls  "  a  specular  mount," 
and  that  there  were  others  to  be  found  in  the 
peninsula.  This  barrow  was  about  half  a  mile 
from  the  small  village  of  Salve,  and  about  four 
miles  from  the  Cape.  It  was  conical,  and  must 
have  been  raised  with  great  labour.  The  view 
from  the  top  extended  eastwards  to  the  dark 
Acroceraunian  mountains  of  Epirus,  and  westwards 
across  the  bay  of  Tarento  to  the  Sila  of  Calabria. 
The  inhabitants  had  no  tradition  respecting  its 
construction.  I  do  not  find  either  in  Pliny  or 
Strabo  any  allusions  to  these  barrows,  though 
they  must  have  existed  from  prehistoric  times. 
It  is  curious  that  there  should  have  been  a  tradi- 
tion (Strabo,  vi.  p.  281)  that  the  giants,  who  had 
been  expelled  by  Hercules  from  the  Phlegrsean 
plains  of  Campania,  had  taken  refuge  here ;  and 
is  it  unreasonable  to  suppose  that  we  have  here 
the  traces  of  that  prehistoric  race  in  these  gigantic 
works  ?  The  only  allusion  to  them  that  I  have 
been  able  to  find  is  in  the  work  of  "  Antonii  de 
Ferrariis  Galatei  de  situ  Japygire  liber  "  (Lycii, 
1727),  who  speaks  of  them  thus :  — 

"  In  hujus  peninsula;  eclitioribus  locis  frequentes  sunt 
cumuli  lapidum,  quas  incolfe  speculas  nominant :  has 
nunquam  me  vidisse  memini  pra2terquam  in  hoc  tractu. 
Has  congeries  non  nisi  magna  numeros.-B  multitudinis 
manu  coacervatas  fuisse  credibile  est.  Paucis  in  locis 
ubi  lapides  non  sunt  (omnes  enim  colles  asperi  et  lapi- 
rtosi)  ex  terra  facti  sunt  cumuli  tantte  magnitudinis,  ut 
aspicientibus  montes  videantur." 

What  I  am  anxious  to  know  is,  whether  bar- 
rows are  found  in  any  other  part  of  Italy,  and 
whether  late  writers  on  this  subject  have  referred 
to  these  barrows  in  the  Japygian  peninsula  ? 

C.  T.  PtAMAGE. 

Bell  at  Kirkthorp. — Would  any  correspon- 
dent infonn  me  if  the  name  John  de  Berdesay 
(probably  abbot  of  Kirkstall,  circ.  1396)  appears 
on  a  bell  in  Kirkthorp,  near  Wakefield,  Yorkshire ; 
and  if  so,  what  is  the  remainder  of  the  inscrip- 
tion ?  Joh:n'  Piggot,  Jun. 

Beatttt  Unforttjnate.  —  In  the  sixth  chapter 
of  his  Journey  from  this  World  to  the  Next,  Field- 
ing says : — 

"  She  [Fortune]  was  one  of  the  most  deformed  females 
I  ever  beheld ;  nor  could  I  help  observing  the  frowns  she 
expressed  when  any  beautiful  spirit  of  her  own  sex  passed 
her,  nor  the  affabilitj'  that  smiled  on  her  countenance  on 
the  approach  of  any  handsome  male  spirits.  Hence  I 
accounted  for  the  truth  of  an  observation  I  had  often 
made  on  earth,  that  nothing  is  more  fortunate  than 
handsome  men,  nor  more  unfortunate  than  handsome 
women." 

Of  the  truth  of  the  former  part  of  this  observa- 
tion there  can  be  no  doubt ;  and  the  latter  was 


asserted  a  century  before  Fielding  by  Calderon, 
more  than  once  in  his  Comedias,  ex.  gr.  — 
"  Hermosa  Deyanira, 
Y  infelice  quanto  hermosa ; 
Porque  dicha  y  hermosura 
Siempre  enemigas  se  nombran." 

Los  tres  mayores  Prodigios,  III. 
"  Fair  Dejanira, 
And  hapless  as  thou'rt  fair !  since  ever  Good  Fortune 
And  Beauty  have  been  counted  enemies." 

Goethe,  in  his  Faust  (Part  II.),  makes  Helena 
say  — 

"  Ein  altes  Wort  bewahrt  sich  leider  auch  an  mich, 
Dass     Gliick    und    Schonheit    dauerhaft    sich    nicht 

vereint." 
"  An  old  saying,  alas  !  proves  itself  true  in  me  — 
Beauty  and  Happiness  remain  not  long  united." 

Anster, 

It  was  probably  from  Calderou  that  Goethe  took 
the  idea.  I  should  like  to  know  if  this  observa- 
tion has  been  made  anywhere  else. 

Thos.  Keightley. 

Chtjech  with  thatched  Roof.  —  In  a  note 
at  p.  271  (S--"  S.  xi.)  Me.  Barkley  incidentally 
mentions  that  the  church  of  Little  Melton,  Nor- 
folk, is  a  "  very  ancient  one,  with  an  open  thatched 
roof."  I  would  ask  if  such  an  instance  is  not 
unique.  The  nearest  approach  to  it  with  which 
I  am  acquainted  was  that  of  a  ruinous  church  in 
Argyllshire,  which  had  been  thatched  with  heather 
so  as  to  permit  the  funeral  service  to  be  per- 
formed there  in  tolerable  comfort. 

Ctjthbeet  Bede. 

Chttrch  axd  Qtjeeji  :  the  usual  Loyal 
Toasts  :  Tradition. — I  dined  on  the  11th  instant 
at  the  Merchant  Taylors'  Hall.  The  proceedings 
suggest  the  following  queries :  — The  Master  pro- 
posed our  " time-honoiired  toast" — Church  and 
Queen.  What  was  the  date  of  the  introduction 
of  this  ?  I  have  an  impression  that  it  arose  at 
the  time  of  the  Restoration,  in  opposition  to  the 
Puritan  party.  Can  it  be  traced  as  being  in  use 
before  that  time  ? 

Why  do  those  who  return  thanks  for  the  usual 
loyal  toasts,  and  especially  the  Army,  the  Navy, 
and  the  Volunteers,  always  think  it  necessary  to 
make  such  long  speeches?  On  this  occasion  those 
who  responded  kept  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer till  a  very  late  hour  before  he  propounded 
in  that  Hall,  which  has  always  been  the  strong- 
hold of  Conservatism,  that  the  most  Radical 
changes  were  and  ought  to  be  proposed  by  the 
Tories. 

Mr.  Disraeli  said,  that  "  America  had  no  tradi- 
tions." To  this  the  American  minister  replied, 
but  there  is  no  notice  of  this  in  the  papers — they 
gave  so  much  space  to  the  usual  loyal  toasts — 
"  that  America  had  a  very  strong  tradition  of  the 
Puritans  having  gone  to  that  country  to  seek  the 
freedom  it  was  not  possible  for  them  to  obtain  in 


518 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"i  S.  XL  June  29,  '67. 


this."     Wliere  does  tradition   end,   and  history 
begin  ?  Claery, 

CoMMTJifion',  I  presume,  is  from  con  and  imus  ; 
but  I  have  heard  it  maintained  to  be  from  con 
and  munus,  equality  of  privilege.  Would  any 
reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  uphold  the  latter  derivation  ? 

Vox. 

Dk.  T.  Ftjllek's  Pkayek  before  Sermon-. — 
I  shall  be  much  obliged  if  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents vs^ill  furnish  a  copy  of  the  above,  which 
is  reported  to  have  been  printed  in  Pulpit  Sparks, 
or  Choice  Forms  of  Prayer  by  several  Reverend 
and  Godly  Divines,  ^-c,  London,  1658.  Kussell 
(Memorials  of  the  Life  and  Works  of  Tho7nas 
luller,  JD.D.,  London,  1844)  writes,  p.  288,  note  : 
"  The  only  copy  I  have  seen  of  this  little  book  is 
in  Trinity  Coll.  Library,  Cambridge."  An  in- 
quiry I  caused  to  be  made  there  some  time  ago 
was  not  successful  in  discovering  it, 

Edward  Riggall. 

141,  Queen's  Koad,  Baj-swater. 

Early  German  Prints  of  Jason  and  Medea. 
Jn  the  course  of  collecting  early  German  prints, 
and  especially  those  by  the  remarkable  artists 
called  "  The  little  Masters,"  I  came  upon  a  print 
by  Aldegraver,  bearing  date  1529,  and  inscribed 
"  Jason  et  Medea/'  on  an  ornament  in  the  back- 
ground." This  design  represents  a  warrior  of 
middle  age  (Jason  no  doubt),  in  most  florid  and 
fantastic  armour,  standing  before  a  seated  female 
(Medea)  and  giving  into  her  raised  hands  an 
image,  apparently  Mars.  Beside  Medea  is  a  re- 
markable round  casket  or  box,  and  a  travelling 
water-bottle  or  barrel,  in  shape  like  the  leather 
bottles  used  in  the  middle  ages  and  until  after 
the  date  of  the  print.  Shortly'  afterwards  I  found 
the  same  subject  treated  in  a  similar  way  in  an 
elaborate  little  print  by  Georg  Pentz  dated  15.39, 
and  also  named  on  the  hanging  of  the  bed  which 
occupies  the  background  of  the  group  "Medea." 
In  this  design  the  image  is  Jupiter  riding  on  an 
eagle,  and  Medea,  while  she  holds  the  image  in 
her  left  hand,  with  her  right  gropes  in  a  gxeat 
chest  placed  beside  her. 

In  no  version  of  the  story  of  Jason  and  Medea, 
or  in  any  of  the  fables  connected  with  the  Argo- 
nautic  adventurer,  can  I  find  anything  that  these 
old  prints  can  be  considered  to  illustrate.  I  have 
also  asked  Mr.  Morris,  whose  poem,  "The  Life 
and  Death  of  Jason,"  is  just  published,  and  whose 
study  for  that  splendid  poem  may  be  supposed  to 
have  made  him  acquainted  with  all  the  classic 
authorities  for  the  narrative ;  he  cannot,  however, 
explain  the  incident  represented.  Perhaps  some 
one  of  your  correspondents  may  be  able  to  throw 
some  light  on  the  subject,  and  be  so  obliging  as 
to  do  so.  It  is  very  probable  that  the  designs 
illustrate,  not  the  classic  fable  direct,  but  some 


popular  German  romance  founded  on  it  then  cur- 
rent, and  better  known  than  the  original. 

P.  C.  A. 

Penkell  Castle,  Ayrshire. 

Hamlet. — One  frequently  hears  and  reads  allu- 
sions to  "  the  play  of  Hamlet,  with  the  part  of 
Hamlet  omitted  by  particular  desire."  Did  such 
a  representation  of  the  play  ever  actually  take 
place  ?     If  so,  when  and  where  ?        Senescens. 

Obsolete  Phrases:  "Witch  of  Edmonton." — 

1.  ".  .  .  .  'tis  a  mannerly  girl,  Master  Thornej-, 
though  but  an  homel}'  man's  daughter  ;  there  have  -worse 
faces  looked  out  of  black  bags,  man." — Act  I.  Sc.  2. 

Nares  (ed.  1859)  says  that  "  black  bags  were 
formerly  used  by  pleaders":  but  this  does  not 
explain  the  present  passage. 

2.  "  And  how  do  you  find  the  -(venches,  gentlemen  ? 
have  thev  any  mind  to  a  loose  gown  and  a  strait  shoe  ?  " — 
Act  I.  Sc.  2. 

Nares  explains  "  loose-bodied  goion  =■  a  loose 
woman."  Halliwell  gives,  "  To  tread  the  shoes 
straiyht  =  to  be  upright  in  conduct."  The  con- 
junction of  the  two  here  seems  a  contradiction.  I 
suppose  the  meaning  to  be,  "  of  free  man?iers  and 
modest  conduct.'^ 

3.  "  Cuddy,  honest  Cuddy,  cast  thy  stuff:'— Act  II.  Sc.  1. 
The    speaker  is    deprecating    Cuddy's    anger. 

"  Cast  thy  strtff=-  Give  up  thy  nonsense,"  I  sup- 
pose. Snuff  (ranger)  would  agree  better  with 
the  context.  An  ingenious  friend  suggests,  "  Cast 
thy  staff"  =  Appoint  thy  troop  of  actors  to  their 
several  parts  in  the  Morris-dance."  The  use  of 
staff,  however,  in  this  sense,  is  modem,  I  think. 
For  cast,  see  Variorum  Shakespeare,  ix.  319. 

4.  "  Nay,  an'  I  come  to  embracing  once,  she  shall  be 
mine  ;  I'll  go  near  to  make  a  taglet  else." — Act  II.  Sc.  1. 

"  Taglet=?L^\&i,'''  I  suppose.  Compare  "  aglet- 
baby,"  in  Taming  of  the  Shreic,  Act  I.  Sc.  2, 
What  meaning  ? 

5.  "  I  have  not  shown  this  cheek  in  company." — Act  HI. 
Sc.  2. 

Cheek  here  seems  to  have  very  much  the  mean- 
ing of  the  present  slang  term.  Winifrede  is  press- 
ing her  griefs  upon  Frank,  against  his  -will. 

6.  ".  .  .  they  -were  sent  up  to  London,  and  sold 
for  as  good  Westminster  dog-pigs  at  Bartholomew  fair, 
as  .     .     .    ,"  (fee. — Act  V.  Sc.  2. 

The  pigs,  so  sold,  were  bewitched ;  and  thus, 
being  inferior,  would  probably  be  sold  as  sucking- 
hogs  (=dog-pigs),  rather  than  suckiag-sows.  We 
have  Ursula's  authority  (see  Ben  Jonson's  Bartho- 
lomeiv  Fair,  Act  II.  Sc.  1.)  for  the  superiority  of 
female  sucking-pigs :  — 

"  Five  shillings  a  pig  is  my  price,  at  least ;  if  it  be  a 
sow-pig,  sixpence  more." 

But  my  ingenious  friend  suggests  "dwg-pigs." 

7.  Who  are  "  W.  Mago"  and  "  W.  Hamluc," 


"» S.  XI.  June  29,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


519 


in  the  list  of  dramatis  personce?     Are  they  actors, 
or  are  they  noted  witch-finders  ? 

John  Addis,  Jux. 

"  The  Peerage  Paralleled,  a  Poem,  Lon- 
DOi^,  1813." — This  volume,  12mo,  extends  to  54 
pages,  including  the  notes.  It  is  addressed  to  a 
noble  Marquis,  and  is  written  in  imitation  of  the 
eighth  Satire  of  Juvenal.  I  would  ask  any  of 
your  correspondents  or  readers  if  the  name  of  the 
author  is  known  ?  Who  was  the  noble  Marquis 
to  whom  it  is  addressed  ?  *  Who  was  the  noble 
youth  who  sacrificed  his  life  to  an  intrepid  search 
of  peril  alluded  to  in  the  note,  p.  53  ?  and  who 
was  the  father  of  that  wretch  for  whom  the  King 
of  France  put  his  court  in  mourning  for  one  day  ? 

S.  E.  G. 

HiGHLAXD  Pistols. —  I  have  a  pair  of  steel 
pistols  such  as  were  worn  by  Highland  chieftains. 
They  are  richly  damasced,  and  of  great  beauty  of 
workmanship  ;  the  triggers  and  a  knob  in  the  end 
of  each  butt  are  silver.  At  each  side  of  the 
handles  is  an  oval  silver  plate,  on  which  are  en- 
graved the  initials  "  F.  H."  in  a  style  common 
about  eighty  or  a  hundred  years  ago.  On  the 
locks  is  the  maker's  name,  "  Thomas  Caddell." 
On  examining  the  damasceening  with  a  magnify- 
ing-glass  it  appears  to  have  been  inlaid  with  gold. 
As  they  must  have  been  the  property  of  some 
person  of  rank,  I  would  like  to  find  out  what 
name  the  initials  represent,  also  when  and  where 
Thomas  Caddell  lived. 

Francis  Egbert  Davies. 

Hawthorn. 

A  Query  on  Pope.  —  The  following  inquiry 
belongs  perhaps  to  the  province  of  hyper- 
criticism  :  — 

"  The  lamb  thy  riot  dooms  to  Weed  to-day. 
Had  he  thy  reason,  would  he  skip  and  play  ? 
Pleased  to  the  last,  he  crops  the  flowery  food. 
And  licks  the  hand ^ust  raised  to  shed  his  blood." 

Query,  Is  it  the  habit  of  lambs  or  sheep  to 
"  lick  the  hand  "  ?  Or  is  there  any  animal,  ex- 
cept the  dog,  which  exhibits  aftection  or  con- 
ciliates kindness  in  this  way  ?  Urban. 

Wax  Tablets  at  Thorn.— Can  any  of  your 
contributors  give  an  account  of  the  present  place 
of  deposit  of  the  tablets  of  wax  mentioned  by 
Dr.  South  as  being  preserved  in  his  day  at  Thorn, 
in  Prussia,  which  city,  he  says  — 

[*  The  noble  Marquis  was  the  Hon.  Howe  Peter 
Browne,  second  Marquis  of  Sligo,  who  on  Dec.  16,  1812, 
was  indicted  at  the  Old  Bailej'  for  having  unlawfully 
received  and  concealed  on  board  his  yacht  the  "  Pylades," 
when  in  the  Mediterranean,  a  seaman  belonging  to  his 
Majesty's  ship  "  Warrior  "  ;  and,  being  convicted,  was 
sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  5,000/.,  and  to  be  imprisoned 
for  four  months  in  Newgate.  This  was  the  "  bovish  in- 
discretion "  alluded  to  in  the  Dedication.— Ed.] 


"  was  very  much  beautified  by  one  of  its  burgomasters, 
Henry  Stowband,  in  the  vear  1609,  who  founded  a  small 
university  here  and  endowed  it  with  a  considerable 
revenue.  He  likewise  built  an  hospital,  with  a  publick 
library,  wherein  two  of  Cicero's  Epistles  are  preserved, 
written  upon  tables  of  wax  [the  greatest  raritv  that  I 
saw  in  all  this  kingdom]  ;  and  a  town-house  erected  in 
the  middle  of  the  market  ^Islcq."— Posthumous  Works  of 
the  late  Reverend  Robert  South,  D.D.,  London,  E.  Curll, 
1717,  8vo. 

1  do  not  find  any  mention  of  these  in  the  Eev, 
John  Kenrick's  interesting  paper  on  Roman  Wax 
Tablets  foimd  in  Transylvania,  commented  on  by 
Massmann,  and  doubted  by  Sir  F.  Madden 
C'N.  &  Q.,"  2°<J  S.  ii.  5)  ;  but  as  South's  journey 
was  in  1677,  a  century  and  more  before  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Massmann  tablets,  his  mention  of 
similar  "tablets  of  wax"  at  any  rate  testifies  in 
favour  of  the  possible  preservation  of  such  monu- 
ments elsewhere.  E.  Crest. 

WiNGFiELD  Church,  Suffolk.— At  the  east 
end  of  the  north  aisle  of  this  church  is  a  chamber 
or  priest's  room  above.  In  it  are  hagioscopes  or 
squints,  through  which  the  priest  could  watch 
the  high  altar  of  the  church.  I  wish  to  be 
furnished  with  other  instances  of  chantry  chapels 
with  chambers  over  them.  At  the  west  end  of 
this  chantry  chapel  is  a  small  space  separated  by 
a  low  screen,  now  used  as  a  sort  of  porch  to  the 
chapel.  In  a  recent  account  of  the  church  this 
has  been  called  a  confessional.  I  wish  to  know  if 
it  is  so.  Were  the  chantry  priests  generally  in- 
dependent of  the  incumbent  of  the  church  ?  Was 
their  only  duty  to  sing  mass  for  the  good  of  the 
founder  of  the  chantry,  or  did  they  help  th»- 
parish  priest  in  parochial  and  other  work  ? 

John  Piggot,  Jun, 


Intended  Duel  EEm-EEN  Earl  of  Warwick 
AND  Lord  Cavendish. — The  enclosed  letter  seems 
to  have  escaped  the  notice  of  the  editor  of  Court 
and  Society  from  Elizabeth  to  Anne,  or  was  deemed 
not  worth  transcribing.  I  met  with  it  among  the 
MSS.  of  the  Duke  of  Manchester.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  throw  any  light  upon  the  subject.? 
Did  the  duel  take  place,  and  what  was  the  cause 
of  quarrel  ?  jr, 

"  Noble  Ladie, 

"  I  came  yesteni  eight  heither  from  the  Court,  ande 
founde  here  your  ladyship's  letters,  expressinge  your 
great  care  of  your  absent  lord.  I  likewise  received  the 
declaration  made  by  S''  Dudley  Carleton  (Embassador  at 
the  Hage)  of  his  receite  of  the 'lord's  Letters,  and  severall 
others  from  me,  written  to  prevente  the  meetinge  of  the 
earle  and  lord  Cavendish,  and  of  his  care,  and  directions 
geveu  for  the  staye  of  the  Duell ;  of  w^  and  the  waye 
the  earle  tooke  to  gett  into  the  Netherlands,  I  woulde 
have  advertised  your  Ladyshipe  this  morninge,  but  as  I 
was  puttinge  of  my  penn  to  the  paper,  I  was  called  to  a 


520 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  June  29,  '67. 


of  the  lords  at  Whithall :  And  inquiringe  of 
my  noble  friends  what  they  had  heard  of  the  earle,  Mr. 
Secretary  Calvert  told  me  that  he  went  from  England  in 
a  small  boate  laden  w"^  Salts,  apparalled  like  a  marchant ; 
and  beinge  inquired  after  by  force  of  letters  written  to 
Mr.  Trumball  (legat  for  his  Ma*i<>  att  Brussells),  he  was 
found  and  stayd  at  Gaunt.  Mr.  Secretarye  tells  me 
that  upon  knowledge  thereof  he  writ  to  such  of  his 
friends  ther  as  woulde  assuredly  delyver  it,  to  tell  his 
loP  that  the  Kinge  requir'd  him  to  make  his  retourne 
home ;  and  thinkes  he  is  upon  his  waj'e  heyther  :  when 
he  come,  I  wish  his  Iop  to  repayr  to  his  owne  house,  and 
by  some  of  his  friends  to  make  knowne  his  beinge  ther 
unto  the  Earle  Marshall,  and  to  receive  his  loP'^  orders 
and  directions  before  he  come  abroade  :  for  the  King  ex- 
pects information  from  his  Iop  before  his  Ma"''  will  give 
further  directions  eoncerninge  the  Earle  or  the  1.  Caven- 
dish. Now  that  your  Ladyshipe  knowes  that  j'our  noble 
lord  is  so  near  his  retourne,  you  will  I  hope  leave  to  dis- 
quiete  yourselfe  as  you  have  done  by  reason  of  his 
absence^  With  my  best  wishes,  I  kisse  your  fayre  hands, 
and  am  your  ladiship's  humble  and  faythfuU  Servant, 
"  Akthuee  Chichester. 
"  Hollbourne,  the  12*  of  August,  1623. 
"  To  the  right  Honorable  and  most  wourthy 
Ladye  the  Countiisse  of  Warwicke." 

[There  are  several  letters  on  this  subject  in  the  State 
Paper  Office.  See  Mr.  Bruce's  Calendar  of  Domestic 
Papers,  1623-5.  It  appears,  from  a  letter  from  Chamber- 
lain to  Carlton,  dated  July  26,  that  "  they  quarrelled  so 
at  a  Virginian  Court,  that  they  gave  each  other  the  lie, 
and  have  crossed  the  sea  to  fight."  By  a  letter  from  Lord 
Chichester  to  Conway,  dated  the  25th,  it  seems  he  had 
"  stayed  Lord  Cavendish  at  Shoreham,  in  Essex,  who 
remains  in  custody  of  a  gentleman "  ;  and  b}'  a  letter 
from  WoUey  to  Sec.  Calvert,  dated  Bruges,  Aug.  2,  that 
Lord  Warwick  was  found  at  Ghent,  and  "  surrendered 
himself  on  hearing  it  was  the  King's  pleasure."] 

Divines  op  the  Chtjrch  of  England. — Would 
any  of  your  numerous  correspondents  give  me  any 
biographical  particulars  relating  to  the  following 
ecclesiastics,  or  give  the  titles  of  books  in  which 
I  sl^ould  be  likely  to  find  them  ?  — 

1.  Robert  de  Waldeby,  advanced  by  Richard  II. 
to  the  see  of  Man ;  was  successively  Archbishop 
of  Dublin,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  and  Archbishop 
of  York.  Brass  in  Westminster  Abbey,  date 
1397. 

2.  Thomas  Cranley,  Warden  of  New  College, 
Oxford,  commemorated  by  a  brass  in  the  chapel 
of  that  college,  date  1417.  He  was  afterwards 
Archbishop  of  Dublin. 

3.  Thomas  Goodryke,  or  Goodrich,  Bishop  of 
Ely.  Brass  to  his  memory  in  Ely  Cathedral,  date 
1554. 

4.  Henry  Sever,  S.  T.  P.,  Warden  and  especial 
benefactor  to  Merton  College,  Oxford.  His  brass 
in  the  college  chapel,  date  1471. 

5.  JohnSleford,  Rector  of  Balsham,  Cambridge, 
Master  of  the  Wardrobe  to  King  Edward  III., 
Canon  of  Ripon  and  Wells.  Brass  to  his  memory 
in  Balsham  church,  date  1401. 


6.  Dr.  John  Blodwell,  Dean  of  St.  Asaph's. 
Date  of  brass  in  Balsham  church  1462. 

John  Piggot,  Jtjn. 

[Some  particulars  of  the  first  three  may  be  obtained 
from  the  following  works  :  — 

1 .  Abp.  Waldeby.  Consult  Le  Xeve's  Fasti,  ed.  1854, 
iii.  108 ;  Ware's  Historj^  of  Ireland,  by  Harris,  i.  33-4  ; 
Harding's  Antiquities  of  Westminster  Abbey ;  Weever's 
Funeral  Monuments  ;  and  "  N.  &  Q."  1*'  S.  iii.  426. 

2.  Thomas  Cranley.  Cotton's  Fasti  Ecclesiffi  Hibernica?, 
ii.  16  ;  and  Ware's  Ireland,  by  Harris,  i.  336. 

3.  Bishop  Thomas  Goodrich.  Cooper's  Athenae  Canta- 
brigienses,  i.  117,  545  ;  Le  Neve's  Fasti,  ed.  1854,  i.  341 ; 
Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Chancellors ;  and  "  N.  &  Q." 
S^-i  S.  vii.  209,  346  ;  viii.  6.] 

St.  Michael's  Mount,  Coenw all.— Will  you 
be  so  good  as  to  favour  me  with  information  on 
the  followiug  points  ? — 

1.  Does  Camden  in  the  first  edition  (1586)  of 
his  Britannia  state,  as  he  does  in  the  edition  of 
1607  (according  to  Gough),  that  the  ancient 
British  name  of  the  Mount  was  "  Careg  Cowse," 
or  "  the  grey  rock  "  ? 

2.  What  is  the  date  of  the  earliest  known  edi- 
tion of  Jack  the  Giant-Killer  ? 

3.  Does  the  earliest  edition  contain  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  Mount  identical  with  that  given  in  the 
current  editions  ?  Wm.  Pengelly. 

Lamorna,  Torquaj'. 

[1.  The  British  name  of  the  Mount  is  not  in  the  first 
edition,  1586,  of  Camden's  Britannia;  but,  as  given  by 
Gough,  occurs  among  the  "  Additions." 

2.  The  date  of  the  earliest  edition  of  Jack  the  Giant- 
Killer  (Part  II.)  in  the  British  Museum  is  that  of  1711. 

3.  The  description  of  the  Mount  in  the  edition  of  1775 
is  almost  identical  with  that  prmted  at  Newcastle  about 
the  year  1835.  Some  of  the  later  illustrated  editions  in- 
tended for  the  yomig  vary  considerably.] 

"Manuscrit  vent;  de  St.  Helene."  —  Has  it 
ever  been  discovered  who  wrote  this  book?  It 
was  published  by  Mr.  Murray  in  1817,  with  a 
somewhat  mysterious  preface.  It  purports  to  be 
written  by  Napoleon  himself,  but  the  preface  by 
no  means  assures  us  that  it  is  so,  and  the  internal 
evidence  is  doubtful. 

The  present  representative  of  the  publisher, 
Mr.  John  Murray,  does  not  know  the  name  of  the 
author,  and  tells  me  he  doubts  if  his  father  ever 
knew  it.  Ltttelton. 

Hagley,  Stourbridge. 

[Barbier  {Dictionnaire  Anonymes,  iv.  69)  informs  us 
that  this  work  was  "  compose  par  M.  Bertrand,  parent 
de  M.  Sime'on."  The  French  edition,  published  at  Lyon 
in  1858,  contains  an  "  E'loge  Funfebre  de  Napole'on  pro- 
nonce'  sur  sa  tombe,  le  9  Mai,  1821,  par  Le  Mare'chal 
Bertrand."] 

"  To  Slate." — I  shall  feel  obliged  if  one  of  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  can  give  me  the  derivation 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  29,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


521 


of  tliis  term,  used  by  authors  in  the  sense  of  to 
abuse.  E.  R. 

[This  term  is  of  Gaelic  origin,  and  may  be  found  in 
Jamieson  :  "  To  Slait,  f.  a.  1.  Literally,  to  level.  Su.-G. 
slaet-a,  slatett-a,  lisvigare,  to  level,  Seren.  from  slaet, 
planus,  fequus  ;  Belg.  slecht-en,  id.  (2.)  Metaph.  to  de- 
preciate. A  slaitin  tongue,  a  tongue  that  depreciates  others. 
W.  Loth.     (3.)  Expl.  to  abuse  in  the  worst  manner."] 


AX  EYE-WITNESS  OF  THE  EXECUTION  OF 
LOUIS  XVI.  AND  PvEYOLUTIONAEY  CHAKAC- 
TERS. 

(3"»  S.  xi.  396.) 

The  account  of  Jean-Baptiste  Francois  Mien 
much  interested  and  amused  me  ;  for,  -without  ever 
having  seen  the  personages  of  whom  he  speaks, 
yet  having  been  born  before  that  time,  I  have  a 
distinct  recollection  of  many  who  were  in  some 
way  or  other  connected  with  the  period,  place, 
and  characters  alluded  to — some  of  them  eye-wit- 
nesses and  sufferers.  I  well  remember  hearing, 
during  his  life,  the  praises  of  Robespierre  as  a 
worthy  patriot-citizen  from  a  gentleman  who 
witnessed  his  conduct  in  Paris  and  was  loud  in 
the  commendation  of  him ;  and  I  was  also  fre- 
quently in  company  with  one  who  always  zeal- 
ously, up  to  a  certain  point,  defended  him.  A 
story  was  current  among  the  members  of  the  Wes- 
leyan  connection,  and  recited  to  me  j  ust  as  it  was 
brought  over,  that  one  of  their  emissaries  was 
called  upon  to  give  an  accomit  of  his  teaching 
before  one  of  the  French  tribunals  (I  think  it  was 
in  the  time  of  Marat),  and  was  dismissed  with  the 
approval — "If  this  man  proclaims  these  principles, 
let  him  go  ;  he  can  do  no  harm." 

Time  was  that  I  could  have  related  many  a  stor}' 
from  contemporary  acquaintances  and  sufferers  in 
these  miserable  days.  I  was  long  in  habits  of 
friendly  intimacy  with  a  lady  who,  in  the  reign  of 
terrorism,  was  arrested  and  dragged  from  a  nun- 
nery at  St.  Omer  merely  because  she  was  unfor- 
tvmate  in  the  name  of  Pitt.*  She  was  taken  to 
Paris,  confined  in  several  of  the  prisons,  all  but 
starved  to  death,  and  at  length  hardly  escaped  by 
an  accident  next  to  a  miracle.  I  have  heard  from 
the  lips  of  one  who  was  present  at  Lyons  during 
the  wholesale  murders  by  guillotine  and  artillery 
there  a  description  of  the  tone  of  distress  and  de- 
spair in  that  devoted  city,  "rien  que  des  pleurs." 
An  English  colonel  who  came  thither  at  that 
juncture  was  accidentally  shut  up  and  detained,  and 
assisted  the  wretched  inhabitants  in  their  vain 
attempt  at  defence.  He  related  to  me  that  he  was 
afterwards  arrested  and  brought  before  Couthon, 


*  One  of  the  ancient  family  of  Pitt,  of  Kyre,  co.  ^Yor- 
cester. 


or  some  of  the  judges  appointed  by  him,  and 
CoUot  d'Herbois.  By  one  of  these  he  happened 
to  be  recognised  from  having  accidentally  tra- 
velled with  him  and  proved  agreeable  to  him. 
While  expecting  the  sentence  of  death,  the  re- 
publican dismissed  him  in  the  following  manner : 

"  Va-t'-en,  tu  es  bien  bon ,"  concluding  with  a 

noun  of  inexpressibly  disgusting  vulgarity,  with 
which  my  pen  shall  not  be  sullied.  This  instance 
of  caprice  and  mercj^  may  fairly  be  recorded, 
though  it  may  be  feared  to  have  been  too  excep- 
tional among  the  thousands  that  left  that  pitiless 
tribunal  of  Lyons. 

In  spite  of  the  Horatian  maxim  — 

"  Segnius  irritant  animos  demissa  per  aurem 
Quam  quse  sunt  oculis  subjecta  fidelibus,  et  quae 
Ipse  sibi  tradit  spectator," 
the  merely  second-hand  relations  of  such  as  escaped 
from  the  scenes  of  anarchy  connected  with  that  re- 
volution were  more  than  enough  to  have  impressed 
upon  any  true  lover  of  liberty  the  perils  of  dele- 
gating supremacy  of  power  to  the  multitude  in 
any  degree,  or  under  any  plea  whatever.  But  to 
come  to  the  point  upon  which  Me.  Sleigh  lays 
particular  stress,  the  circumstances  attendant  upon 
the  execution  of  Louis  XVI.  I  have  a  witness 
to  call  into  court,  whose  veracity,  though  long 
since  deceased,  is  absolutely  unquestionable  ;  and 
though  I  may  appear  to  have  been  too  egotistic 
in  taking  up  a,  more  than  usual  space  upon  these 
pages,  I  am  tempted  to  bring  him  forward,  since 
his  testimony  throws  a  different  colouring,  pro- 
bably, upon  what  has  been  generally  received. 

Let  me  give  you,  however,  a  scrap  of  my  own 
by  the  way.  I  was  in  a  room  where  a  cheerful 
evening  soiree  was  being  held,  when  a  servant 
suddenly  burst  open  the  door  with  the  news  of 
the  beheading  of  the  King  of  France.  I  need 
scarcely  add  that  cards  were  laid  down,  and  the 
pleasure  of  the  evening  ended  in  dejection. 

A  friend  of  my  boyhood,  whose  school-days 
ran  parallel  to  mine,  was  parted  from  me  by  the 
choice  of  a  different  profession,  and  we  associated 
no  more  till  after  a  lapse  of  years.  He  studied  at 
medicine  in  the  schools  of  Edinburgh  and  Paris, 
and  was  resident  in  the  latter  city  when  the  unfor- 
tunate king  was  brought  to  the  block.  With  a 
medical  companion  he  stood  at  a  short  distance 
from  the  scaffold,  on  a  heap  of  rubbish  and  mortar 
belonging  to  some  building  in  the  Place  Louis  XY. 
Thence  he  saw  and  was  able  to  hear  the  whole 
that  passed.  Contrary  to  the  received  impression, 
so  far  from  walking  calmly  to  the  guillotine,  after 
the  exhortation  of  his  confessor,  "Son  of  St.  Louis, 
ascend  to  heaven,"  he  struggled  with  the  utmost 
of  his  feeble  might  till  he  was  overpowered, 
though  during  the  roll  of  the  drum  he  was  dis- 
tinctly heard  to  exclaim  "  Je  suis  innocent!  je 
suis  innocent !  "  till  the  stroke  of  the  guillotine 
put  an  end  to  his  cry.     A  royalist — for  so  he  ap- 


522 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[S-^a  S.  XI.  JuxE  29,  '67. 


peared — standing  near,  and  at  the  elbow  of  my 
friend,  whispered  in  a  stifled  tone,  alluding  to  the 
fatal  instrument,  "  Elle  a  manque,"  but  the  head 
had  fallen,  A  great  number  of  persons,  and  among 
others  the  relater  and  his  companion,  hurried  to 
the  scaffold,  where  the  executioner  was  dipping 
handkerchiefs  in  the  blood.  Each  of  these  youths 
put  forth  his  own,  and  the  companion  of  my  friend 
had  his  face  besmeared  by  the  levity  of  the  exe- 
cutioner, and  became  an  object  of  ridicule  to  the 
giddy  crowd.  They  quickly  returned  to  their 
lodging.  As  a  memorial,  the  handkerchiefs  were 
pressed  over  a  sheet  or  two  of  paper,  which  was 
preserved  for  distribution  among  their  acquaint- 
ances at  home  ;  among  others,  a  small  portion  of 
it  fell  to  my  share.  It  was  put  by  for  a  long 
time  ;  but  as  I  am  not  particularly  careful  of  re- 
lics which  excite  unpleasant  ideas,  it  has  been  lost 
sight  of,  though  it  may  still  be  in  existence. 
From  what  has  been  said,  you  will  think  me  en- 
titled to  call  myself,  as  I  have  before, 

A  Seniok.  (U.  U.) 


CORNISH  XAME   OF  ST.  MICHAEL'S  MOUNT. 
(3^''  S.  xi.  357.) 

In  using  any  Cornish  word,  as  found  in  Carew, 
it  is  important  to  notice  two  things ;  first,  that  he 
knew  exceedingly  little  of  the  old  Celtic  language 
of  Cornwall,  and  second,  that  his  printer  made 
just  such  a  confusion  of  the  Cornish  words  that 
"he  wrote  as  is  often  now  the  case  with  regard  to 
Welsh.  I  say  this  after  an  intimate  acquaintance 
of  well  nigh  half  a  century  with  Carew's  Survey 
of  Cornioall,  and  I  now  write  with  the  original 
edition  of  1602  and  the  reprint  of  1709  before  me. 

In  the  Cornish  Dictionary  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Williams  of  Rhyd-y-boithan,  and  the  Cornish 
Dramas,  S^-c.  edited  by  Mr.  Edwin  Norris  and  JMr. 
Whitley  Stokes,  we  have  materials  for  grasping 
more  of  the  old  Coi'nish  tongue  than  Richard 
Carew  ever  knew,  Le  Gonidec's  Breton  Dictionary 
should  be  used  as  an  auxiliary  ;  for  many  words 
not  existing  in  the  relics  of  Cornish  literature  are 
preserved  in  the  Breton — a  language  far  more 
closely  related  to  the  old  Cornish  than  either  of 
them  is  to  the  Welsh  ;  though  tbe  aid  to  be  de- 
rived from  the  latter  is  not  to  be  neglected. 

Now  it  is  clear  that  Mr.  Bannister  has  as- 
sumed that  a  particular  word  is  not  Cornish,  and 
that  St.  Michael's  Mount  could  not  be  designated 
by  two  epithets.  I  maintain,  on  the  contrary,  that 
two  epithets  were  applied  to  the  Mount,  and  that 
both  are  Cornish — ■ 

Carreg  luz  1       xr       fG  rev  rock").  -, 

Carrel  kozj^^I^^^  (oidVock   j^^^ood. 

That  Carew's  "  Cloioze  "  is  a  misprint,  I  readily 
admit :  but  I  do  not  concede  that  "  Coirz  "  is  for 


"Luz  "  ;  it  seems  to  be  simply  an  attempt  to  ex- 
press A'os,  "  old  "  or  "  venerable."  In  more  re- 
fined Cornish  the  word  is  Coth  or  Koth ;  but  when 
Coit  or  Cuy  was  colloquialized  into  Kziz,  it  was 
only  natural  that  Koth  should  become  Koz.  I 
believe  that  there  is  no  trace  of  the  form  Koz  in 
the  scanty  remains  of  Cornish  literature  ;  but  it  is 
found  in  proper  names,  e.  g.  Tregoze,  Burncoose : 
in  Breton  the  form  Koz  or  Coz  is  the  word  in 
habitual  use  for  "  old," 

I  well  remember  the  explanations  of  Penny 
come  quick  given  by  Davies  Gilbert  (partly  on 
the  authority  of  Charles  Watkin  Williams- 
Wynne)  ;  but  as  Mr.  Bannister  has  revived  this 
as  an  illustration,  let  me  say  that  no  one  could 
have  applied  it  to  a  place  in  Cornwall  who  had 
any  apprehension  of  the  Cornish  language,  in 
which  y  is  not  the  article.  In  fact  there  is  nothing 
whatever  Celtic  in  Penny  come  quick:  it  only 
means  a  ready-money  alehouse.  As  such  I  have 
several  times  heard  the  term  used,  and  that  even 
in  a  midland  county;  and  at  times  jocularly  of  a 
turnpike  gate,  from  the  words  "No  Trust"  being 
there  placed  conspicuously. 

You  cannot  explain  one  Cymric  dialect  by 
another  without  some  knowledge  of  the  points  in 
which  they  have  nothing  in  common :  and  too 
often  have  combinations  of  syllables  which  sound 
Celtic  been  learnedly  explained,  wholly  irrespec- 
tive of  facts. 

Perhaps  some  correspondent  of  "  N,  &  Q,"  can 
inform  me  whether  the  Mount  received  the  name 
of  St.  Michael's  before  its  connection  as  a  religious 
establishment  with  Mont  Saint  Michel  on  the 
coast  of  Normandy,  Of  course  it  did  not  receive 
the  name  prior  to  the  "Apparitio  Sancti  Mi- 
chaelis,"  May  8,  a.d,  710,  from  which  time  the 
dedication  of  churches  to  that  archangel  began  to 
be  frequent  in  some  countries. 

Since  writing  the  above,  I  have  looked  at  the 
translation  of  Camden's  Pritannin  by  Philemon 
Holland,  1610  (the  only  one  to  which  I  had  ac- 
cess), and  I  saw  that  he  gives  the  name  Carreg 
Coiose,  i.e.  Carreg  Koz.  This  is  a  pretty  strong 
confirmation  of  Carew's  Cowz  not  being  a  mistake 
for  Luz.  Camden  refers  to  Liher  Landavensis  for 
Dinsol  as  being  the  ancient  name  of  St.  Michael's 
Mount ;  but  in  the  index  to  the  printed  edition  of 
Liber  Landavensis  I  do  not  find  the  name.  In 
Rees's  Lives  of  Camhro-Pritish  Saints  (1853),  in 
the  "  Life  of  St.  Cadocus  "'  (p.  65)  this  name  is 
mentioned:  "cum  idem  vir  illustrissimus_  de 
monte  Sancti  Michaelis  venisset,  qui  in  regione 
Cornubiensium  esse  dinoscitur,  atque  illiuspro- 
vincie  idiomate  Dinsol  appellatur";  but  this  is 
not  given  as  a  more  ancient  name,  but  as  one 
used  at  the  same  time  as  St.  Michael's  Mounts 
Where  else  is  it  to  be  found  ?  It  seems  to  me  to 
be  Dinas-ol  (the  last  syllable  being  gol  in  con- 
struction =  gn-yl    in   Welsh),    "  the   fortress    of 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  29,  67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


523 


•watching,"  or  of  look-out.  Compare  Penolva,  "  the 
head  of  the  place  of  look-out,"  at  the  Lizard, 
now  absurdly  called  Pcnolver.  LiELius. 


COMMANDER  OF  THE  "NIGHTINGALE." 
(3^<'  S.  xi.  440.) 
It  is  doubtful  whether,  after  so  many  years, 
the  name  of  this  brave  little  man  can  be  dis- 
covered. None  of  our  naval  writers  make  any 
mention  of  the  circumstances  attending  the  cap- 
ture of  the  Nightingale ;  and  the  account  given 
by  .lean  Marteilhe,  though  probable  enough,  can 
only  be  received  with  extreme  caution.  For, 
firstl)'^,  his  dates  are  in  terrible  confusion.  The 
Nightingale,  fitted  out  as  a  French  cruiser 
from  Dunkirk,  and  commanded  by  Capt.  Thomas 
Smith  (the  "  Smit"  of  the  Memoires),  was  recap- 
tured by  Capt.  Nicholas  Haddock,  in  the  Ludlow 
Castle  of  thirty- six  guns,  on  December  30,  1707. 
According  to  the  Memoires,  the  Nightingale  was 
captured  hy  the  French  galleys  on  September  5, 
1708 ;  and  *the  frigate  (not  named)  which  Capt. 
Smith  afterwards  fitted  out  at  Dunkirk  was  cap- 
tured by  a  seventy-gun  ship  in  October,  1708. 
Secondly,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  Mar- 
teilhe's  knowledge,  even  of  events  in  which  he 
participated,  must  from  his  peculiar  position  have 
been  extremely  limited.  It  is,  for  example,  in 
the  highest  degree  improbable  that  a  wretched 
galley  slave — a  mere  member  at  an  oar — knew 
anything  whatever  of  the  council  of  the  officers ; 
or  that,  in  his  detailed  account  (p.  172  of  the 
reprint)  of  their  opinions  and  plans,  he  has  drawn 
on  any  other  source  than  his  imagination.  The 
hearsay  evidence  of  a  galley  slave  is  simply  worth- 
less. A  further  instance  of  this  is  the  account 
Marteilhe  has  given  of  the  treasonable  desertion 
of  "Smit"  (p.  169).  Smith  was  turned  out  of 
the  English  service  on  March  17,  1689,  on  ac- 
count of  his  known  attachment  to  James  II.  He 
consequently  did  not  command  an  English  seventj^- 
gun  ship  in  1708,  nor  in  1707 ;  still  less  did  he 
sell  such  a  ship  to  the  Swedes.  Thomas  Smith 
was  a  traitor  of  a  very  deep  dye ;  but  he  does  not 
seem  to  have  been  quite  such  an  unmitigated 
scoundrel  as  Marteilhe  makes  him  out  to  be. 

It  does,  however,  seem  likely  enough  that  the 
Nightingale  was  taken  by  the  galleys  pretty  much 
as  the  Memoires  relate,  somewhere  in  the  summer 
of  1707.     Tt  is  certain  that  we  did  suffer  heavy 
losses  in  the  narrow  seas  during  that  season.     It 
was  on  the  1st  of  May  that  De  JFourbin's  squadron 
captured  and  destroyed  an  immense  convoy,  to- 
gether with   the  Hampton  Court  and   Grafton,  { 
each  of  seventy  guns,  off"  Beachy  Head ;  and  on  ' 
the  10th  October,  that  the  united  squadrons  of  De  j 
Fourbin  and  Du  Guay-Trouyn  took  or  burnt  four  ! 
ships  of  the  line  off  the  Lizard.     These  were  the  ; 


severe  blows  of  the  year ;  and  our  old  historians, 
wrapped  up  in  these,  may  probably  enough  have 
neglected  to  mention  some  of  the  smaller;  but 
they  do  say  "we  never  had  greater  losses — the 
Prince's  Council  was  very  unhappy  in  the  whole 
conduct  of  the  cruisers  and  convoys  "  (Lediard, 
p.  823).  And  on  the  meetino'  of  Parliament, 
early  in  November,  a  very  passionate  debate  on 
the  Address  took  place  in  the  House  of  Lords. 
In  the  course  of  this.  Lord  Haversham  is  re- 
ported (Chamberlen's  Life  of  Queen  Anne,  p.  270) 
to  have  said  :  — 

"  Your  disasters  at  sea  have  been  so  manj^  a  man 
scarce  knows  where  to  begin.  Your  ships  have  been 
taken  by  your  enemies,  as  the  Dutch  take  your  herrings, 
by  shoals,  upon  your  own  coasts  :  nay,  your  Eoyal  Navy 
itself  has  not  escaped." 

About  the  same  time  it  was  resolved  in  the 
House  of  Commons  to  address  her  Majesty  for 
"  An  Account  of  what  Number  of  Ships  were 
employed  at  Sea  every  month  the  last  year,  and 
on  what  Stations."  If  this  document  was  fur- 
nished, it  may  make  some  official  mention  of  the 
Nightingale.  Otherwise  I  do  not  see  where  we 
are  to  look  for  the  story  of  her  capture.  The  old 
records  may  have  been  preserved  at  the  Ad- 
miralty ;  but  I  fear  that,  even  so,  they  were  in 
that  age  kept  in  a  rather  loose  and  slipshod, 
manner.  S.  H.  M. 


TOOTH-SEALING. 
(3'dS.  x.  390;  xi.  450,  491.) 
I  dare  say  many  readers,  like  myself,  desire 
farther  information  on  this  custom  —  a  most  sin- 
gular one,  if  it  ever  existed.  I  may  be  too  scep- 
tical; but  the  notion,  that  any  of  our  Norman 
kings  or  their  sons  ever  did  thus  authenticate  a 
charter,  or  its  seal,  seems  to  me  simply  ridiculous. 
Can  the  believers  in  the  practice  point  to  one 
instance,  among  the  numerous  early  seals  yet 
extant,  where  the  mark  of  the  royal  eye-tooth  is 
seen  ?  I  doubt  much  if  they  can.  I  am  not 
sufficiently  conversant  with  the  context  to  offer 
an  opinion  respecting  the  exact  application  of  the 
quotation  from  Chaucer;  but  am  very  strongly 
impressed  with  the  belief  that  the  charter  by 
John  of  Gaunt,  referred  to  in  the  pedigree  of 
"■  Hippisley  of  Lamborne,"  is  a  nonentity.  The 
language  of  the  quotation  (the  last  clause  of 
which,  by  the  way,  "  the  wax  in  doe,"  is  unin- 
telligible,) would  alone  go  far  to  prove  this  fact. 
Modern  English  in  the  fourteenth  century,  when 
charters  were  invariably  written  in  Latin,  or  (if 
ever  otherwise)  in  Norman-French !  The  truth 
is,  this  is  a  stock  charter  which  has  done  duty  on 
several  occasions ;  and  its  root  is  to  be  found  in 
the  following  deed,  taken  from  that  rather  scarce 
and  very  curious  work,  Blount's  Antient  Tenures 
(ed.  1679,  p.  102),  which,  to  give  it  a  more  antique 


524 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XL  June  29,  '67. 


effect,  is  in   black  letter,   except  tlie  witnesses' 


"  HOPTOX. 

«  To  the  lieji-s  male  of  the  Hopton  laufully  begotten, 
To  me  and  to  mrne,  to  thee  and  to  thine, 
While  the  water  runs,  and  the  Sun  doth  shine  ; 
For  lack  of  heyrs  to  the  King  againe. 
I  William  King,  the  third  year  of  my  reign. 
Give  to  the  Xorman  Hunter, 
To  me  that  art  both  Line  and  Deare, 
The  Hoppe  and  Hoptoune, 
And  al  the  bounds  up  and  downe, 
Under  the  Earth  to  Hell, 
Above  the  Earth  to  Heaven, 
From  me  and  from  myne, 
To  thee  and  to  thyne. 
As  good  and  as  faire. 
As  ever  they  mj-ne  were. 
To  witness  that  this  is  sooth, 
I  bite  the  white  wax  with  my  tooth. 
Before  Jugg,  Marode  and  Margeiy, 
And  my  third  son  Henery, 
For  one  Bow  and  one  broad  Arrow, 
When  I  come  to  hunt  upon  Yarrow." 

The  learned  Blount  says  of  the  above  :  — 

"  This  Grant,  made  by  William  the  Conqueror  to  the 
Ancestor  of  the  antient  family  of  the  Hoptons,  I  copied 
out  of  an  old  Manuscript  [Rob.  Glover  in  Com.  Salop], 
and  John  Stoic  has  it  in  his  Cronicle ;  but  in  both  it 
wanted  the  four  first  Lynes,  which  seem  to  create  that 
Estate  Taj-le,  by  which  Richard  Hopton,  Esquire,  a  gen- 
tleman of  low  fortune,  but  haply  may  be  the  right  heir 
of  the  Familye,  hath  of  late  years  by  vertue  of  this 
Charter  made  several  clayms,'and  commenced  divers 
suites  both  for  this  Mannour  of  Hopton  in  the  hole,  in 
the  County  of  Salop,  and  for  diver«  other  the  Mannours 
and  Lands  of  Raph,  late  Lord  Hopton  ;*  but  hitherto,  for 
ought  I  hear,  without  any  successe." 

And  no  wonder,  if  the  claimant's  case  rested 
on  this  fabulous  deed,  the  first  four  lines  of  which 
have  no  connection  whatever  with  the  rest  of  it ! 
The  learned  Templar  seems  not  to  have  adverted 
to  the  absurdity  of  William  the  Conqueror  exer- 
cising (or  proposing  to  do  so)  the  rights  of  the 
chase  in  Yarrow — a  district  then,  as  ever  after, 
far  across  the  Scottish  border,  and  at  a  time 
when  the  possessions  of  the  Scottish  crown  ex- 
tended over  great  part  of  the  three  northern 
counties  of  England.  This  charter,  (of  which 
Blount  even  seems  to  have  had  misgivings)  is  in 
substance  the  apocryphal  deed  once  asserted, 
certainly  with  more  plausibility,  to  have  been 
granted  by  "William  tJte  Lyon,  King  of  Scotland, 
to  the  old  family  of  Hunter  of  Polmood — an  estate 
on  the  borders  of  Yarrow  or  Ettrick  Forest,  the 
himting  ground  of  the  Scottish  kings — but  which 
has  been  long  proved  a  forgery.  It  is  highly 
amusing  to  find  the  talented   authoress   of  the 

*  Is  this  the  same  as  Sir  Ealph  Hopton,  the  Cavalier 
general,  who  surrendered  at  Truro  March  14,  1645-6,  and 
went  bej'ond  seas  ?  Honourably  noticed  by  Carlyle  as, 
"  of  all  tiie  King's  generals,  most  deserving  respect"  ;  and 
"  who  died  in  honourable  poverty  before  the  Restoration." 
(_LeUers  of  Cromicell,  3rd  edit.  vol.  i.  p.  303.) 


Queens  of  Enr/hnd  generalizing  upon  the  same 
deed  as  follows  (vol.  i.  pp.  138-140)  :  — 

As  a  "  curious  charter,  granted  by  William  the  Con- 
queror to  the  founder  of  the  ancient  family  of  Hunter  of 
Hopton"  {sic)  [thus  still  farther  confusing  matters],  that 
"  several  of  the  charters  of  the  Conqueror  are  in  the  same 
form,Avith  the  names  of  the  same  members  of  his  family." 
That "  it  was  probably  executed  in  the  presence  of  his  queen 
'  Maude '  (Marode)  ;"  '  Jugg,'  pronounced  '  Juey,'  being 
the  name  of  his  niece  Judith,  afterwards  wife  of  the  un- 
fortunate Waltheof,  and  Margery  a  daughter,  unknown 
to  history.  The  baby  Henry  being  added,  as  a  joke,  bj' 
his  mighty  sire."  M'iss  Strickland  adds,  "  that  biting  the 
white  wax  was  supposed  to  give  particular  authenticity  to 
conversances  from  the  crown,  which  were  formerly  duly 
furnished  with  a  proof  impression  of  the  royal  ej'e-tooth, 
familiarly  called  the  '  fang  tooth.' "  She  says  also  :  "This 
custom,  arising  in  remote  antiquity' (?),  was  needlessly 
adopted  by  the  Xorman  line  of  sovereigns." 

In  this  opinion  most  archaeologists  will  concur, 
and  perhaps  go  a  little  further,  in  doubting  if 
they  ever  "  adopted "  it  at  all.  It  is  not  sur- 
prising, however,  to  find  a  lady  erring  in  such 
matters,  when  coimsel  "  learned  in  the  law,"  as 
Bloimt  was,  perpetuate  nonentities  such  as  the 
"  broad  arrow"  charter  of  the  Conqueror !  There 
can  be  little  doubt,  from  their  strong  family  re- 
semblance, that  the  deeds,  of  which  there  are 
several,  attributed  to  John  of  Gaunt,  are  varia- 
tions of  the  same  fiction.  Anglo-Scoius. 

■^Miere  can  I  find  the  following  lines  ?  — 
"  In  token  that  this  thing  is  sooth, 
I  bite  the  wax  with  my  fang-tooth." 
I  think  Markham's  Histoi-y  of  England  quotes 
them  from  an  old  charter.  Cyeil. 


SUPPOSED  LEGEND  OF  THE  BOOK  OF  JOB. 
(.3^1  S.  xi.  377.) 

The  legend  inquired  after  is  no  doubt  the  one 
about  Arichander,  mentioned  by  Le  Pere  Bouchet,* 
A.D.  1710,  at  a  time  when  little  or  nothing  was 
known  about  Sanskrit  literature,  the  details  of 
which,  according  to  diSerent  Hindu  versions,  are 
given  under  the  correct  name,  Harischandra,  in 
\Vilson's  Vishnu  Parana  f:  but  beyond  the  fact  of 
the  patriarch  Job  and  Harischandra  being  alike 
celebrated  for  their  sufferings  under  adverse  cir- 
cumstances, there  does  not  appear  to  be  any 
other  point  in  common  between  their  histories. 

According  to  Hindu  accounts  generally,  Haris- 
chandra was  the  son  of  Satyavrata,  styled  Tri- 
sanku,  supposed  to  mean  the  constellation  Orion's 
Belt,  a  Raja  of  the  Suraj-vansi,  or  Solar  dynasty, 
who,  during  a  famine  said  to  have  lasted  twelve 
years,  redeemed  his  former  wicked  character  by 
providing  the  family  of  Viswamitra  with  venison 
as  food  during  this  scarcity,  in  reward  for  which 


*  Le  Pere  Bouchefs  Letter  to  Bishop  Httet,  vol.  iL 
p.  269.     Lockman's  Travels  of  the  Jesuits. 
t  Wilson's  Vishnu  Purana,  p.  372. 


S'l  S.  XL  June  29,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


525 


lie  was  lauded  up  to  the  skies,  or  as  Pandits  dog- 
matically insist,  "  transformed  in  Ms  living  body 
into  the  heavens." 

After  the  death  of  his  father,  Harischandra  cele- 
brated a  Rajsuya  Jagg,  or  sacrifice,  under  the  direc- 
tions of  his  father's  protege,  Yiswamitra,  at  which 
the  neighbouring  chiefs  are  required  to  perform 
some  subordinate  office,  in  acknowledgment  of  the 
superior  authority  of  the  party  holding  the  Jagg, 
upon  which  occasion  the  priest,  Viswamitra,  was 
taxed  by  Vasishtha,  a  rival  monk,  with  having 
robbed  Harischandra  of  his  country,  wife,  and 
every  thing  that  belonged  to  him,  under  pretence 
of  inordinate  claims  for  Dakshina,  or  expenses 
attending  the  celebration  of  the  ceremony. 

Viswamitra,  the  Cardinal  Wolsey  of  the  A&j, 
according  to  the  Rdmdyana,  by  the  celebrated 
poet  Valmiki,  passed  through  the  town  of  II 
Ludiana,*  or  the  Lodi  Settlement,  with  Rama- 
chandra,  the  Avatar,  and  his  brother,  Lakshmana, 
on  their  journey  from  Kek  Des  to  Mithila;  and 
it  follows  therefore  that  Harischandra  and  Rama- 
chandra  must  have  been  nearly  contemporary ; 
and  as  the  settlement  of  the  Afghan  tribe  of 
Lodis  at  Ludiana,  in  the  Sirhind  District,  only 
took  place  a  few  years  before  the  reign  of  Behlol 
Lodi,  A.D.  1450-1488,  it  is  diflicult  to  understand 
how  either  Harischandra  or  Ramachandra  can  be 
referred  back  to  an  earlier  period  of  history. 

R.  R.  W.  Ellis. 

Starcross,  near  Exeter. 


VOWEL  CHANGES  :  A,  AW. 
(S^"!  S.  xi.  94,  223,  326,  447,  510.) 

Although  my  ears  are  not  so  old  as  to  have  heard 
"  the  pronunciation  of  the  last  century,"  still  they 
have  heard  a  good  deal,  and  they  have  been,  I 
think,  fairly  discriminative  as  to  niceties  of  vocal 
.sounds.  To  discuss  these  niceties  in  the  pages  of 
a  journal  is  unsatisfactory,  for  two  persons  who 
may  really  agree  as  to  a  given  sound  when  they 
meet  face  to  face,  may  yet  seem  to  differ  when 
they  print  their  thoughts,  owing  to  the  difficulty 
of  finding  such  combinations  of  letters  as  will  ex- 
actly convey  to  one  another  the  sound  intended. 

The  quotation  Mk.  Hyde  Clarke  gives  from 
the  English  and  French  Grammar  of  1679  does 
not  at  all  convince  me.  The  book,  he  says,  states 
in  the  "  Table  des  Prononciations  en  lisant  et  en 
parlant,"  that  the  English  vowels  is  represented 
by  the  French  a  and  e.  And  so  it  is ;  the  first 
sound  being  heard  in  father,  the  second  in  taking. 
But  Me.  Clarke  says,  "  under  diphthong  for  the 
English  An  we  have' '  a  long,'  and  for  the  English 
Aio  also  '  a  long.'  I  consider  the  sound  of  '  a 
long'  was  in  1679  azp."  Very  likely,  but  not 
so   the  sound   of  the   ordinary  French  a.      By 

*  Carej'  and  Marshman'a  translation  of  the  Rdmuyana. 


using  the  term  "a  long,"  it  is  evident  that  the 
French  grammarian  meant  to  indicate  some  sound 
different  from  his  ordinary  a.  The  sound  of  the 
English  diphthong  Au  or  Aic,  as  heard  in  maul 
and  craiol,  certainly  does  not  exist  in  the  French 
language  of  the  present  day ;  and  a  Frenchman, 
therefore,  in  giving  instructions  for  the  soimd  of 
these  English  diphthongs,  must  resort  to  some 
arbitrarj'  sound  of  his  a, — such,  for  instance,  as 
the  grammarian  of  1679  designated  by  "  a  long." 

What  I  cannot  bring  myself  to  believe,  is  the 
assertion  of  Mr.  Clarke — that  before  the  end  of 
the  last  century,  and  the  beginning  of  the  pre- 
sent one,  a,  pas  were  sounded  bv  Frenchmen  like 
aio,  paiv  (S"-"!  S.  xi.  94.) 

I  have  referred  to  two  very  old  French  and 
English  grammars,  in  the  hope  of  clearing  up  the 
point  in  dispute,  but  imfortunately  the  gram- 
marians have  selected  as  their  English  examples 
words  of  which  the  pronunciation  is  not  accu- 
rately defined  or  definable — Cotgrave's  example, 
indeed,  is  not  an  English  word  at  all — and  so 
they  leave  the  question  still  imdecided.  In  his 
introductory  remarks :  — 

"  Of  the  French  letters,"  Cotgrave  saj's,  "  A  in  the 
English  language,  and  in  no  other,  hath  two  differing 
sounds :  the  open  and  clear,  as  Balaam  ;  the  other  press- 
ing, and  as  it  were  half-mouthed  and  mincing,  as  stale 
ale.  In  French  it  is  always  pronounced  as  the  first,  clear 
and  ouvert,  as  U Amour  fait  la  rage,  niais  V Argent  le 
iiuiriage.'" 

I  presume  that  Cotgrave  sounded  the  first  a  in 
Balaam  like  the  a  in  father ;  and  if  so,  he  would 
pronoimce  his  example,  L^  Amour  fait  la  rage,  &c. 
just  as  a  modern  Frenchman  would  do. 

A  very  curious  work  by  Palsgrave,  Lesclar- 
cissement  de  la  Langue  frani^oyse,  published  in 
1530  and  reprinted  in  1852,  contains  the  fol- 
lowing :  — 

"  The  soundyng  of  a  which  is  most  generally  used 
throughout  the  French  tong,  is  such  as  we  use  with  us 
where  the  best  Englysshe  is  spoken,  which  is  like  as  the 
Italians  sound  a,  or  they  with  us  that  pronounce  the 
Latine  tonge  aright.  \i'm  or  n  follow  nexte  after  a  in 
a  frenche  worde,  all  in  one  syllable,  than  a  shall  be 
soimded  like  this  dipthong  ««,  and  something  in  the 
noose." 

As  an  illustration,  he  cites  the  words  cham- 
bre,  &c. 

Certainly  some  of  Palsgrave's  directions  are 
very  vague  ;  for  he  does  not  tell  us  what  "  the 
best  Englysshe  "  is  like,  nor  what  the  sound  of 
Latin  w-as  when  pronounced  "aright."  His  re- 
marks, however,  about  a  followed  by  m  or  n  are 
important,  for  they  prove  that  the  ordinary  sound 
of  a  was  quite  distinct  — ''  like  as  the  Italians 
sound  it."  Mr.  Clarke  will  hardly  maintain 
that  they  also  pronounced  a  like  aiv  ! 

During  this  discussion  with  Mr.  Clarke,  I 
have  in  vain  been  looking  out  for  the  approach  of 
some  French  allv  who  might  relieve  me,  an  Eng- 


526 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


rS'd  S.  XI.  June  29,  '67 


lishman,  from  the  task  of  defending  their  op- 
pressed vowel. 

There  are  French  readers  of  "N.  &  Q. "  who 
are  thoroughly  conversant  with  English,  as  well 
as  with  the  past  and  present  state  of  their  own 
language ;  and  it  should  be  their  affair,  not  mine, 
to  settle  this  dispute  with  Mr.  Clarke. 

John  Bulls  rush  in  where  Frenchmen  fear  to 
tread.  J.  Dixon. 


Derbyshire  Ballads  (3'^  S.  xi.  454.) — Dr. 
RiMBAULT  aptly  says  that  "  the  doings  of  some 
of  our  literary  brethren  are  strange  and  uncouth." 
It  is,  indeed,  strange  and  uncouth  of  the  learned 
Doctor  to  speak  of  the  works  of  his  contemporaries 
as  "  a  bad  lot  "  ;  and  to  tell  Mr.  Jewitt,  an  ac- 
complished and  able  antiquary,  that  he  does  not 
tell  •'  the  truth  "  because  he  says  that  the  Musical 
Companion  wasjlrst  published  in  1673.  The  date 
of  1673  is  the  Jiist  one  given  by  Lowndes ;  so  if 
the  book,  as  Dr.  Rimbault  says,  was  first  issued 
in  1667,  the  last-named  edition  is  probably  of 
great  rarity.  Any  person  of  large  reading  on  one 
particular  subject  may  readily  pick  holes  in  works 
dealing  with  more  varied  matters ;  and  Dr.  Rim- 
bault, whose  knowledge  of  old  music  is  un- 
rivalled, may  no  doubt  find  oversights  in  most 
notices  of  it  by  others.  It  strikes  me,  however, 
that  he  would  be  better  employed  in  compiling 
original  works  on  the  subject  than  in  detracting 
the  merits  of  others.  S. 

Dr.  Wolcot  {S'^  S.  xi.  450.)— Permit  me  to 
correct  Mr.  J.  B.  Davies'  spelling  of  Peter  Pin- 
dar's name :  it  is  Wolcot,  as  Mr.  Cyrus  Redding, 
who  knew  him  personally,  gives  it.  As  for  his 
title  to  a  degree,  I  presume,  like  some  medical 
practitioners  of  later  date,  he  graduated  by  his 
own  act  alone. 

Mackenzie  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  F.S.A. 

Ugo  Foscolo  (3'*  S,  xi,  437.)— About  a  year 
ago  I  bought  in  London  a  second-hand  volume, 
'*  La  Commcdia  di Dante  Alighim,  illustrata  daUgo 
Foscolo,  t.  i.  London:  Pickering,  1825,"  with  cor- 
rections of  the  text  throughout,  as  if  prepared 
for  a  new  edition,  and  with  a  few  notes  in  a  strong 
foreign  hand.  A  pencil  note  on  tlie  title-page 
says,  "  The  notes  and  marks  in  this  volume  are 
in  the  writing  of  Ugo  Foscolo,  and  once  in  his 
possession."  This  looks  foreign  too,  but  there  is 
no  clue  to  the  writer's  name.  The  book  must 
have  been  bound  after  the  notes  were  made,  as  in 
one  case  the  margin  is  doubled  down  to  prevent 
injury  to  the  writing  in  cutting  the  leaves,  and  in 
another  some  letters  have  been  so  cut ;  a  sufficient 
proof  that  the  corrections  were  considered  of  value 
by  the  second  possessor,  who  seems  also  to  have 
had  the  volume  in  considerable  use,  judging  from 
the  condition  of  the  binding.     Another  autograph 


of  Ugo  Foscolo's  was  (and  may  be  yet)  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Baronne  de  Chanteau,  nee  Croft. 
This  was  a  sonnet  describing  himself.  It  was  sent 
to  me  for  translation  in  1829,  and  in  1830  ap- 
peared in  The  Bijou,  one  of  the  "  Annuals  "  of 
the  day,  published  by  Pickering.  K  not  printed 
elsewhere,  your  enquirer  maj'  think  this  an  in- 
teresting curiosity.  The  editor  of  The  Bijou 
thought  it  worth  alluding  to  in  his  preface :  — 

"  A  description  of  himself  by  the  late  Ugo  Foscolo, 
cannot  be  passed  over  in  silence,  as  it  is  a  singular  me- 
morial of  one  whose  talents  were  only  exceeded  by  his 
errors." 

''  Ritratto  di  Ugo  Foscolo,  scritto  da  esso. 

Solcata  ha  fronte ;  occhi  incavati  intenti ; 

Crin  fulvo,  emunte  guance,  ardito  aspetto ; 

Labbri  tumidi,  arguti,  al  riso  lenti ; 

Capo  chino,  bel  collo,  irsuto  petto  ; 

Membra  esatte ;  vestir  semplice,  eletto ; 

Ratti  i  passi,  i  pensier,  gli  atti,  gli  accenti ; 

Sobrio,  ostinato,  umano,  ispido,  schietto  ; 

Avverso  al  mondo,  avversi  a  me  gli  eventi. 

Mesto  i  pill  giorni,  e  solo  ;  ognor  pensoso  ; 

Alle  speranze  incredulo  e  al  timore  ; 

II  pudor  mi  fa  vile,  e  prode  1'  ira. 

Parlami  astuta  la  ragion  ;  ma  il  core 

Ricco  di  viri  e  di  virtii,  delira  — 

Fors'  io  da  morte  avrb  fama  e  riposo." 

Margaret  Gatty, 

Skixxer  (3'<i  S.  xi.  478.)— A.  M.  G.  will  find 
some  of  the  information  he  requires  about  General 
Skinner  in  Burke's  History  of  the  Commoners,  iv. 
243,  or  in  the  early  edition  of  Burke's  Landed 
Gentrtj,  under  the  head  of  "  Taylor  of  Penning- 
ton." 

The  General  bore  for  arms,  ''  Sable,  three  grif- 
fin's heads  erased  argent.''  The  Skinners  of  Totes- 
ham,  "  Ermine,  three  lozenges  sable,  each  charged 
with  a  fleur-de-lis,  or." 

Some  descents  of  the  Skinners  of  Totesham  will 
be  found  in  Hasted's  History  of  Kent,  ii.  296,  but 
I  see  no  proof  of  their  being  connected  with  the 
General,  whose  family  may  have  been  of  Dutch 
origin,  like  the  Van  Cortlandts  and  Phillipses  to 
whom  he  was  related.  S.  P.  V. 

"  NoRREPOD  "  (S"'''  S.  xi.  295.)— I  have  looked 
into  several  dramatic  works,  and  the  magazines 
from  1766  to  1769,  without  finding  any  trace  of 
Norrepod.  Probably  it  was  not  acted.  There  is 
a  Dutch  play  in  three  acts,  De  Knorrepot,  of  de 
Gestoorde  Doctor,  Blijspel,  Amsterdam,  1753, 
8vo,  p».  110.  The  author's  name  is  not  given, 
but  it  appears  from  some  complimentary  verses 
signed  L.  Smids,  M,D.,  that  his  initials  were 
J.  D.  P.  De  Knorrepot  is  a  lively  farce.  The 
principal  character  is  the  physician  whose  hasty 
and  ungovernable  temper  brings  him  into  a  series 
of  embarrassments,  which  are  turned  to  good  re- 
sults by  his  family,  and  a  conventional  stage  valet, 
who  personates  a  dancing-master  and  a  recruiting 
sergeant.   A  translation,  or  adaptation,  direct  from 


3'd  S.  XI.  June  29,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


527 


the  Dutch,  in  1767,  when  that  language  was  so 
little  known  in  England,  is  strange  ;  but  I  cannot 
find  in  any  other  a  word  from  which  "  Norrepod  " 
could  be  derived.  There  is  nothing  in  the  original 
which  could  be  applied  to  the  disputes  between 
the  college  and  the  licentiates.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U,  Club. 

Sanhedrim  {S'"^  S.  xi.  478.)  — There  is  no 
ground  for  doubt  that  this  word  is  from  the  Greek, 
as  are  many  others  in  the  Talmud.  The  great 
synedrium  Ilierosohjynitarmm  is  designated,  by 
way  of  eminence,  the  synedrium,  p")inpp  (^san- 
hedrin).  See  Buxtorf,  Lex.  Tal.  et  Rabb.  1513, 
and  Schleusner,  Lex.  Nov.  Test.  \\.  979. 

T.  J.  Bttcktok^. 
If  Scrutator  will  turn  to  Parkhurst's  Lexicon 
of  the  New  Tedament  he  will  find  an  article  of 
some  length  on  the  subject,  and  this  note :  — 

"  This  name  Sanhedrim  is  taken  from  the  Talmudical 
•writers,  who  apply  it  not  only  to  the  great  council  of  the 
Jews,  but  also  to  their  inferior  courts  of  justice.  The  word  is 
found  likewise  in  the  Chaldee  Targuras,  and  is  no  doubt 
a  corruption  of  the  Greek  IvyeSpiov," 

May  Fair.  C.  A.  W. 

CrSACK  Family  (3'^  S.  x.  372.) — I  understand 
that  the  Memoir  inquired  for  by  Abhba  is  in 
existence,  and  in  the  possession  of  Mrs.  Sophia 
Cusack,  widow  of  Mr.  Henry  Thos.  Cusack,  who 
died  in  January,  1865. 

H.  LoFTiJS  Tottenham. 
SEALiNfcr  THE  Stone  (S^^  S.  xi.  478.) — Kuinoel 
(Matt,  xxvii.  66)  says,  "  Duse  extremitates  funi- 
culi saxo  inducti  obsignabantur."  Vid.  Paulsen, 
Itegierung  der  Morgeul.  p.  298  ;  Hezelius,  ad  h.  I. ; 
Harmar,  Beobnchtt.  iiber  den  Orient.  (Th.  ii.  p.  467, 
Dan.  vi.  7.) 

Job  speaks  of  sealing  in  clay  (xxxviii.  14.) 
"ycin  as  ipn  is  asphalt  or  Jews'  pitch,  the  bitumen 
found  near  the  Dead  Sea  and  in  the  neighbour- 
*  hood  of  Babylon,  and  which  the  ancient  Babj-- 
lonians  used  for  mortar.  (Gen.  xi.  3 ;  Gesenius, 
Lex  Heb.)  The  Arabic  root  signifies  red  (  -♦.>-). 
See  Wetstein,  N.  T.  ii.  768. 

In  Greek,  ff<ppa-yh  means,  (1)  a  seal,  (2)  a  mark 
or  sign  to  distinguish  one  thing  from  another 
(2  Tim.  ii.  19).  Hesychius  says,  al  eVJ  tcDc  cuk- 
TvXloiv  Kol  TO  Tuv  IfxaTiwv  ari^eia.  The  mark  the 
owner  puts  on  his  sheep  is  (T<t>pa.-yis.  (3)  Anything 
in  the  nature  of  a  pledge  or  document  (W^stein, 
N.  T.  ii.  43).  "  You  are  the  most  certairi'docu- 
ment  or  pledge  of  my  apostolic  ofiice  "  (1  Cor.  ix. 

2).  T.  J.  BT7CKT0X. 

Streatham  Place,  S. 

M.  Y.  L.  will  be  supplied  with  abundant  refer- 
ences to  authorities  on  the  interpretation  of  Matt. 
xxvii.  66,  in  Bloomfield's  Recensio  Synoptica,  in 
loc.  He  will  find  that  ''  The  seal  was  probably 
the  seal  of  Pilate,  and  was  affixed  to  the  two  ends 


of  a  rope,  brought  over  the  stone  " ;  and  that 
"  the  seal  was  composed  of  a  piece  of  wax,  or  the 
like,  impressed  with  a  certain  mark,  and  affixed  to 
somewhat  else."  Y'our  correspondent  may  refer 
with  advantage  to  Harmar's  Observations,  &c., 
and  also  to  Annotations  on  Daniel  vi.  17. 

E.  C.  Harington. 
The  Close,  Exeter. 

The  stone  which  closed  the  mouth  of  our  Lord's 
sepulchre  was  sealed,  most  probably,  just  as  we 
should  seal  up  a  drawer  or  a  door  now-a-days. 
A  piece  of  tape,  or  a  piece  of  paper  even,  would 
suffice ;  for  while  the  seal  remained  unbroken,  the 
stone  of  the  sepulchre  could  not  have  been  re- 
moved. In  the  same  way  we  read  in  the  prophet 
Daniel,  vi.  17,  that  the  stone  which  closed  the 
mouth  of  the  den  of  lions  was  sealed  by  the  king 
with  his  own  signet  ring,  and  with  the  ring  of  his 
nobles.  With  regard  to  the  substance  employed 
for  sealing,  it  was  no  doubt  wax,  not  prepared,  of 
course,  like  our  sealing  wax,  which  is  a  modem 
invention,  originally  called  Spanish  wax,  but  like 
the  wax  in  the  seals  which  we  find  appended  to 
old  deeds  and  charters.  F.  C.  H. 

X).  ^se■ 

A  SiMiXE  (3"i  S.  ix.  120,  145.)  — Perhaps  the 
"  eminent  writer  "  inquired  for  by  Mr.  Winning- 
ton  is  Cervantes,  who  causes  that  peerless  knight 
Don  Quixote  to  remark  to  the  translator  he  met 
in  the  printing-ofiice  at  Barcelona  {Don  Quixote, 
b.  iv.  ch.  62) :  — 

"  I  cannot  but  think  that  translation  from  one  lan- 
guage into  another,  unless  it  be  from  the  noblest  of  all 
languages,  Greek  and  Latin,  is  like  presenting  the  back  of 
a  piece  of  tapestry  where,  though  the  figures  are  seen, 
they  are  obscured  by  innumerable  knots  and  ends  of 
thread,  very  different  from  the  smooth  and  agreeable  tex- 
ture of  the  proper  face  of  the  work." 

W^hy  the  Don  should  make  an  exception  in 
favour  of  translations /7-om  the  classical  languages 
is  not  clear ;  had  he  said  into  them,  one  might 
have  given  him  credit  for  his  opinion,  which  is 
evidently  shared  by  those  learned  men  of  the  pre- 
sent day  who  catch  up  familiar  English  verses 
and  so  wrap  them  up  in  Greek  and  Latin  that, 
though  scholars  are  delighted  to  meet  them  in  the 
guise,  the  authors  of  the  verses  in  question  would 
in  many  cases  fail  to  recognise  their  own  off- 
spring. 

Some  one  has  compared  translating  to  a  pour- 
ing of  perfume  from  one  vessel  to  another,  inas- 
much as  some  of  the  sweetness  is  invariably  lost 
in  the  process.  Can  your  correspondents  run  this 
simile  to  ground  for  me  ?  I  believe  I  first  met 
with  it  in  a  selection  of  extracts  in  a  volume  of  the 
old  Pe7iny  Magazi7ie.  St.  Swithin. 

Montezxtma's  Cfp  (S'*  S.  xi,  377.)— I  think  it 
must  be  about  thirty  years  ago,  and  in  reading 
Hodgson's  Letters  from  North  America,  that  I  met 
with  the  account  of  a  vessel  verv  similar  to  that 


528 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'^*  S.  XI.  JoNE  29,  '67. 


mentioned  by  your  correspondent  Frajtcis  Trench 
as  occurring  in  Robertson's  History  of  America, 
and  accompanied  by  a  sketch,  of  wbicb  I  took  a 
copy,  but  I  do  not  recollect  whether  of  silver  or 
gold.     The  following  is  his  description :  — 

"  A  vessel  of  the  annexed  form  was  dug  up  from  about 
four  feet  underground  in  old  work  on  the  Carry  Fork  of 
Cumberland  River.  The  faces  of  the  three  heads  have  all 
the  strong  marks  of  the  Tartar  countenance  so  strictly 
preserved,  and  expi-essed  with  so  much  skill,  that  even  a 
modern  artist  wovild  be  proud  of  the  performance.  Each 
of  the  faces  is  painted  in  a  different  manner,  with  lines  or 
marks  as  represented  above."  —  Hodgson's  Letters  from 
America,  vol.  ii.  p.  444. 

This  is  evidently  a  more  artistic  and  finished 
work  than  that  mentioned  in  Robertson's  Ame- 
rica. A.  C.  M. 

"  QtJID  LEVITTS  PENXA,"  ETC.  (3''<*  S.  X.  119.)  — 

Chaucer  gives  a  version  more  flattering  to  the 
ladies : — 

"Dame  Prudence quod  .      ...  'Ther  sayde 

oones  a  clerk  in  tuo  versus.  What  is  better  than  gold  ? 
Jasper.  And  what  is  better  than  jasper  ?  Wisedom.  And 
what  is  better  than  wisedom  ?  Womman.  And  what  is 
better  than  a  good  womman  ?  Xothing.' "  —  Tale  of 
Melibeus. 

Mr.  Wright,  in  a  note  to  this,  quotes  two  more 
versions,  both  from  one  MS. :  — 

"  Auro  quid  melius  ?  jaspis.     Quidjaspide?  sensus. 

Sensu  quid  ?  ratio.     Quid  ratione  ?  nihil." 
"  Vento  quid  levins  ?  fulgiir.     Quid  fulgure  ?  flamma. 
Flamma  quid  .'  mulier.     Quid  muliere  ?  nihil." 

Wright  and  Halliwell's  Reliq.  Antiq.  i,  19. 

Job  J.  B.  Workard. 

Cttsack  (.3'^  S.  xi.  273.)  —  On  reading  the  as- 
tounding intelligence  communicated  by  your  cor- 
respondent (with  the  euphonious  signature),  "  that 
the  name  [Cusack]  is  thoroughly  foreign  to  Ire- 
land," I  came  to  the  conclusion  that  if  the  writer 
had  ever  been  in  that  country  he  was  profoundly 
ignorant  of  its  history.  Whether  or  not  it  be 
true  that  that  family  are  descended  from  "  Mac 
Isog  "  or  from  a  Guienne  ancestor  is  wholly  imma- 
terial. 

In  the  very  first  parliament  of  Ireland,  Geoffrey 
de  Cusack,  Lord  of  Killeen,  was  summoned  as  a 
baron ;  two  of  his  sons,  Nicholas  and  Geoffrey,  were 
bishops — the  one  of  Kildare,  the  other  of  Meath. 
Seventh  in  descent  from  his  youngest  son  was 
the  celebrated  Irish  chancellor  of  Henry  VIII., 
Sir  Thomas  Cusack,  who  was  repeatedly  one  of 
the  lords  justices  of  Ireland.  He  had  previously 
filled  the  offices  of  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer, 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  Master  of  the 
Rolls.  There  were  also  other  judges  and  distin- 
guished personages  of  this  family. 

If  a  great  and  widespread  family,  well  known 
in  every  age  of  their  country's  history,  descended 
eveti  from  one  of  the  Norman  conquerors  of  Ire- 
land, are  to  be  stigmatised  as  "  foreigners,"  I  can 
only  say  that  they  are  no  more  deserving  of  that 


appellation  than  the  De  Burghs  or  Burkes,  De 
Courcys,  Butlers,  Fitzgeralds,  Dillons,  Plunkets, 
Taaffes,  Barnwells,  Talbots,  St.  Lawrences,  Flem- 
ings, Graces,  Nugents,  and  many  others,  who, 
although  they  have  neither  "  0  "  nor  "  Mac  "  pre- 
fixed to  their  name,  after  continued  residence  in 
Ireland  for  many  centuries,  consider  themselves 
very  much  the  reverse  of  "foreigners"  in  their 
native  land.  H.  Loftus  Tottenham. 

Herb  Pudding  (S"^  S.  xi.  477.)— Easter  ledges, 
dandelions,  black-currant  leaves,  broccoli  sprouts, 
two  or  three  onions,  young  nettles.  Chop  these 
very  fine  with  a  shredding-knife ;  squeeze  out  all 
the  green  water ;  put  them  into  a  bag,  scattering 
in  barley  and  a  little  oatmeal,  and  boil  for  two 
hours  or  more ;  then  add  pepper  and  salt  and  an 
egg  beat  up  with  a  little  butter ;  mix  all  toge- 
ther, and  serve  up.  This  is  a  favourite  Cum- 
berland dish,  and  the  above  is  the  most  approved 
method  of  making  it.  The  market-gardeners  sell 
the  herbs  ready  mixed.  S.  L. 

Senescens  desires  to  verify  an  old  remembrance 
of  a  Westmoreland  dish,  and  as  such  local  cates 
become  a  portion  of  county  topography,  I  send 
the  receipt  as  I  have  obtained  it  from  a  Westmore- 
land family.  I  can  add  my  own  testimony  to 
that  of  Senescens  as  to  the  excellence  of  herb- 
pudding  when  "  cunningly  "  prepared  : — Take  one 
bunch  of  young  nettles,  two  heads  of  curled 
greens,  one  bunch  of  young  turnip  tops,  one  bunch 
of  young  onions,  two  small  sprouts  ;  may  be  im- 
proved with  mustard  and  cress,  lettuce,  sorrel,  or 
any  other  green  vegetable.  To  be  well  washed 
in  three  or  four  waters,  then  chopped  very  fine, 
then  add  half  a  small  teacupful  of  Scotch  barley ; 
put  the  whole  in  a  bag,  and  boil  three  hours. 
Take  out  of  the  pan,  and  squeeze  out  every  drop 
of  the  water ;  then  turn  out  of  the  bag  into  a  pan 
with  a  raw  egg  beaten  and  a  good  lump  of 
butter.  Mix  well,  season  with  salt,  and  stir  over 
the  fire  for  two  minutes.  Jet. 

"  Suppressed  Poem  of  Lord  Byron  "  (3''''  S. 
xi.  477.)  —  Is  it  not  possible  that  Mr.  Jace:son 
and  the  printer  of  the  despised  "  penny  paper " 
have  concurred  in  mistaking  "  Don  Leon  "  for  the 
words  "  Don  Juan  "  in  the  MS.  of  some  scrawling 
advertisement  clerk.     Nay,  is  it  not  certain  ? 

FiLIUS  ECCLESIJE. 

Pair  (3'''*  S.  xi.  486.) — Your  correspondent 
A.  A.  may  find  difficulty  in  showing  the  dual  sig- 
nification of  pair  as  used  by  the  Cornish  miners. 
It  stands  for  any  number  of  men  employed  by  the 

overseer  :  " mine  cost.    Thos.  Nankwell  and 

pair,  9  men."  What  is  the  etymology  of  the 
word?  W.C.J. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  (3''*'  S.  xi.  457.) — In  reply 
to  B.  L.  H.,  I  subjoin  the  names  of  the  persons 
whose  portraits  appear  in  Mr.  Faed's  interesting 


3»dS.XI.  June  29, '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


529 


picture  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  his  friends.  I 
begin  the  enumeration  at  the  left  of  the  print : — 
Lord  Chief  Commissioner  Adam,  Sir  Henry  Jar- 
dine  (standing),  James  Ballantyne,  Archibald 
Constable,  Sir  David  Wilkie  (standing),  Sir  Wil- 
liam Allan  (standing),  Thomas  Campbell,  Thomas 
Moore,  Sir  Adam  Ferguson,  Francis  Jefi'rey,  Wil- 
liam Wordsworth,  J.  G.  Lockhart,  George  Crabbe, 
Professor  Wilson  (standing),  Henry  Mackenzie, 
Sir  Walter  Scott,  The  Ettrick  Shepherd. 

Chaeles  Rogers,  LL.D. 

2,  Heath  Terrace,  Lewisham. 

Caxligeaphy  (3'd  s,  ^i.  291,  401,  487.)— The 
following  extract  from  Evelyn's  Numismata  may 
be  acceptable : — 

"  Our  Billingsly,  Davis  of  Hereford,  who  wrote  In 
Laudem  Ariis  Scripto!-ice,  and  taught  the  noble  Prince 
Henry  to  write ;  Coker,  Gerin,  Gething,  Skelton,  and 
mine  own  Monoculus  Hoare  ;  comparable  for  their  skill 
and  dexterity  in  graving,  calligraphy,  and  fair  writing 
to  the  most  renowned  of  the  antients.*     Hadrian  Junius 

speaks  of  him  as  miracle,  who  wrote  the  Apostles'  Creed,  i  xi       i-iorfiViilnrq 

and  beginning  of  St.  John's  Gospel,  within  the  compass  I  °^  °^^^^  parucuiars 
of  a  farthing.  What  would  he  have  said  of  our  famous 
Peter  Bale?  who  in  the  year  1575  wrote  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  the  Creed,  the  Decalogue,  with  two  short  prayers 
in  Latin,  his  own  name,  motto,  day  of  the  month,  year  of 
the  Lord,  and  reign  of  the  Queen,  to  whom  he  presented 
it  at  Hampton  Court,  all  of  it  written  within  the  circle  f 
of  a  single  peny,  inchased  in  a  ring  and  bordure  of  gold, 
and  covered  with  a  chrystal  so  accurately  wrought  as  to 
be  veiy  plainly  legible,  to  the  great  admiration  of  her 
majesty,  the  whole  privy  council,  and  several  ambassadors 
then  at  court.  I  think  he  was  also  the  inventor  of  the 
art  of  brachygraphy,  cyfers,  and  other  jwte  furtivce  now 
in  such  use  among  us.'' — Evelyn's  Numismata,  folio  edi- 
tion, p.  268. 

S.L. 

FLmioFT's  Chant  (3'<^  S.  xi.  445.) — Dr.  Rim- 
BATJLT  has  clearly  established  the  fact,  that  Fliu- 
toft's  Chant  is  really  an  old  one  in  its  present 
form,  and  I  am  very  glad  to  see  its  history  thus 
far  settled.  How  Dr.  Crotch  came  to  print  and 
publish  it  as  his  own,  still  remains  a  mystery. 

Dr.  Rimbatjlt  has  the   advantage   of  me   in  j 
regard  to  the  two  scarce  collections  he  quotes — I 
am  not  acquainted  with  them  ;  but  I  do  not  un-  I 
derstand  why  the  doctor  should   go  out  of  his  I 
way  to  inform  the  public  that  "  Mr.  Parr  has  seen  \ 
no   printed  collection   of    chants    before  1790." 
Whatever  be  his  authority  for  such  an  assertion, 
it  is  contrary  to  the  fact  that  I  have  long  pos-  , 
sessed  many  printed  chants  of  a  prior  date :  but 
the  earlier  collections  are  chiefly  sets  of  originals 
by  the  editors,  and,  consequently,  would  not  assist 
the  present  inquiry,  ^.r.  gra.,  Dr.  Alcock's  Bivine 
Harmony,   17o-2,  comprising  fifty-five  chants  by 
himself,  and  the  sets  by  John  Wainwright  (1767), 
Dr.  Dupuis,    Dr.   Woodward,   Thomas   Jackson, 


1780,  &c. :  all  include  double  chants  (whose  an- 
tiquity I  never  questioned),  but  of  course  do  not 
contain  Flintoft"s. 

Dr.  Rijtbatjlt  takes  no  notice  of  my  remark  as 
to  Thomas  Wanless,  to  whom  he  has  ascribed  the 
"  York  Chant."  If  such  ascription  were  correct, 
it  might  be  questionable  whether  Flintoft's  were 
the  older.  I  may,  however,  now  state  that  he  is 
incorrect ;  the  chant  being  a  modem  one  by  the 
late  Dr.  Camidge,  and  published  in  his  set  of 
originals.  Henry  Parr. 

Yoxford  Vicarage,  Saxmundham. 


*  Callicrates  wrote  an  elegiac  distich  in  a  sesamum 
seed.  ^lian.  Var.  Hist. 

t  "  In  nuce  inclusum  Iliada  Homeri  carmen  in  mem- 
brana  scriptum."— Plin.  JVat.  Hist.  lib.  vii.  cap,  21. 


Rev.  John  Darwell  (3^<»  S.  xi.  409.)  — The 
notice  of  this  composer,  in  Congregatio7ial  Psalmist, 
as  "a  Warwickshire  clergyman,"  is  not  very 
complete  or  satisfactory.  He  was  Vicar  of  Wal- 
sall in  the  year  1773 ;  and  appears  to  have  been 
resident  in  Birmingham  in  1790,  his  name  being 
among  the  subscribers  to  Dr.  Miller's  Psalms  of 
that  date.  I  should  be  glad  of  the  date  of  death, 
Henry  Park. 

Yoxford. 

Morning's  Pride  (3'*  S.  xi,  457.) — This  is  the 
term  which  I  have  always  heard  applied  to  that 
grey  mist  which  arises  at  the  dawn  of  a  certainly 
fine  day,  known  to  sportsmen  and  other  early 
risers,  and  well  described  by  the  poet :  — 

"  When  first  the  sun  too  powerful  beams  displays, 
It  draws  up  vapours  that  obscure  its  rays  ; 
But  e'en  those  clouds  at  last  adorn  its  way, 
Eeflect  new  lustre,  and  augment  the  day." 

I  have  stood  by  the  water-side  at  early  sunrise, 
enveloped  in  such  mist,  and  pulled  up  fish  after 
fish,  by  the  mere  deflexion  of  my  rod,  the  float 
being  invisible.  Quotation  on  this  subject  might 
be  endless.  "  The  morning's  pride  "  is  opposed  to 
that  "  red  at  morning  "  which  is  "  the  shepherd's 
warning."  A.  H. 

This  expression  I  have  often  heard  used  by 
Lancashire  people  wheu  a  slight  shower  of  rain 
has  fallen  on  a  morning  which  holds  out  every 
promise  of  a  fine  day.  H.  Fishwicb:. 

This  phrase  is  generally  applied  in  Kent  to  the 
slight  showers,  which  sometimes  fall  early  in  the 
morning  in  Summer.  I  heard  it  the  other  day, 
with  an  addition  which  may  be  worth  noting :  — 
"The  pride  of  the  morning  is  sometimes  the 
downfall  of  the  day."  J.  M.  Cowper. 

Cottle  Family  (3""  S.  xi.  376.)— Moses  Cottle, 
of  Winsley,  Wilts,  gentleman,  married,  1747,  Syl- 
vestra,  born  October  11,  1716,  third  daughter  of 
John  Still,  Esq.,  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Bury, 
parish  of  Doynton,  co.  Gloucester,  great-grandson 
of  John  Still,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  WeUs,  qui  oh. 
1607,  Sylvestra  was  living  1792.  The  arms  of 
Moses  Cottle  were,  Or,  a  bend  gules,  with  a  cres- 
cent as  a  mark  of  cadence.  P.  W. 


530 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3"i  S.  XI.  Jose  29,  '67. 


Archbishop  Whately's  Puzzle  (3"^  S.  xi. 
458.)— A  relative  of  mine,  who  if  he  were  now 
alive  would  be  aged  some  eighty-four,  told  me  of 
a  case  he  had  heard  of  in  his  youth,  of  a  man  who 
lived  Clerkenwell-way,  who"  had  a  splendid  in- 
come, lived  penuriously,  experienced  no  losses, 
and  yet  died  a  pauper.  It  seemed  that  year  by 
year  he  invested  his  savings  in  the  purchase  of 
annuities;  and  he  chanced  to  die  just  before  pay- 
ment of  one  of  his  annuities  became  due.  This 
case  seems  to  be  on  all  fours  with  that  mentioned 
by  the  archbishop.  "\V.  H. 

Supposing  that  the  man  lived  to  the  age  of 
eighty-five ;  up  to  his  eightieth  vear,  we  will'  say, 
he  may  neither  have  suffered  loss  nor  have  given 
away  anythmg ;  yet  one  or  both  of  those  contin- 
gencies may  have  happened  between  that  time 
and  the  moment  of  his  death.  J.  W.  W. 

"  L'HoMME  Fosshe  e>^  EmopE  "  (3^^  S.  xi. 
456.)— I  have  referred  to  Capt.  Le  Hon's  Periodi- 
dte  du  Deluge  (Paris,  Bruxelles,  1861)  and  find  it 
is  more  geological  than  astronomical,  and  more 
critical  than  either,  expounding  the  views  of 
others  rather  than  his  own ;  but  I  do  not  find  that 
he_  ventures  upon  determining  the  poles  of  the 
axis,  the  great  angular  distance  of  which  is  sup- 
posed tD  have  thrown  the  earth,  so  to  speak,  on  its 
beam  ends,  and  thus  caused  the  so-called  ''  glacial" 
deluge.  The  precession  of  the  equinoxes,  amount- 
mg  to  fourteen  degrees  in  one  thousand  vears,  is 
caused,  according  to  Newton,  by  the  protuberance 
at  the  equator ;  and  that  is  caused  bv  the  diurnal 
revolution  of  the  earth  on  its  axis ;  and  to  pursue 
the  matter  one  step  further,  the  interior  of  the 
earth  is  theoretically  still  in  such  a  state  of  fusion 
as  to  allow  of  expansion  at  the  equator,  and  of 
contraction  at  the  poles.  Le  Hon's  theory  that  a 
great  geological  revolutiou  was  produced  by  a 
deluge  is  overthrown  by  La  Place,  who  (accord- 
ing to  Bessel,  in  Schumacher's  Jahrhuch,  1838, 
s.  225)  has  shown  that 

"supposing  the  depth  of  the  water  to  be  wholly  incon- 
siderable when  compared  with  the  radius  of  the  earth,  the 
stability  of  the  equilibrium  of  the  sea  requires  that  the 
density  of  its  fluid  should  be  less  than  that  of  the  earth  ; 
and,  as  we  have  already  seen,  the  earth's  densitv  is  in 
fact  five  times  greater  than  that  of  water.  The  elevated 
parts  of  the  land  cannot  therefore  be  overflowed,  nor  can 
the  remains  of  marine  animals  found  on  the  summits  of 
mountains  have  been  conveyed  to  those  localities  bv  anv 
previous  high  tides."     (Humboldt,  Cosmos,  i.  311,  Bohn.) 

^       ,  T.  .L  BrcKTOx. 

Streatham  Place,  S. 

Porter's  Memorial  Tomb  (2°'J  S.  xi.  440.)  — 
Porter's  memorial  tomb  was  removed  from  the 
chancel  of  Claines  church,  near  Worcester,  to  its 
present  position  outside  the  fabric  in  the  early 
part  of  the  present  century  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing the  accommodation  within  the  body  of 
the  church.     I  have  been  informed  it  was  done 


by  the  late  Sir  Henry  Wakeman,  Bart.,  the  patron 
and  owner  of  the  tithes  of  the  parish,  through 
whose  instrumentality  the  church  was  repaired 
and  repewed  about  1807.  The  incumbent  much 
regrets  to  inform  me  there  is  little  probability  of 
its  being  reinstated  in  its  former  position.  The 
present  patron  and  chief  proprietor  in  the  parish. 
Sir  Ofiley  Wakeman,  is  a  minor  and  at  Eton. 

Thomas  E.  Wi\ni>'gtox. 

Night  a  Cotjxseller  (3'*  S.  xi.  478.)— A  cor- 
respondent, C.  H.,  inquires  to  what  ancient  author 
or  authors  Dryden  refers,  when  he  writes, — 

'•  Well  might  the  ancient  poets  then  confer 
On  Night  the  honoured  name  of  Counseller." 

Perhaps  he  did  not  allude  to  any  particular  poet  or 
poets,  but  to  the  proverb  very  celebrated  among 
the  Greeks  — 

'Ey  vvKri  ffovX-f). 

He  may,  however,  have  referred  to  the  words  of 
Achilles  in  Homer :  — 

'  Afi  7)0?  (p:.u'Ofj.ivri  iin<ppaffaofii6a, 

where  he  intimates  that  after  the  repose  and  re- 
flection of  the  night,  will  be  the  time  for  consulta- 
tion ;  as  the  Germans  say, — 

"  Wir  wollen's  heute  beschlaffen,  morgeu  kommt  Tag 
und  Eath." 

F.  C.  H. 

EiKppovTi  was  poetically  used  by  the  Greeks  as 
equivalent  to  vv^,  "  quia  nox  aptissima  ad  con- 
sidcrationem  rerum."  (See  Herod.,  vii.  12.)  The 
proverb  "  to  sleep  over,  or  upon,  a  matter,"  is  to 
the  same  effect  nearly.  T.  W.  W. 

First  MEEinf g  of  George  IV.  axb  his  Queex 
(S""*^  S.  xi.  477.) — I  have  heard  another  version  of 
this  event.  An  aged  individual  named  Hewar- 
dine,  an  inmate  of  Trinity  Hospital,  Leicester, 
who  was  cook  to  the  Prince  of  Wales  at  the  time 
referred  to,  informed  the  writer  that  when  the 
Princess  Caroline  of  Brunswick  was  about  to 
meet  her  intended  husband  she  appeared  timid, 
when  one  of  the  lady  attendants  handed  to  her  a 
glass  of  brandy,  of  which  she  partook.  This 
producing  an  intoxicating  effect  upon  her,  she 
became  embarrassed,  her  face  reddened,  and  alto- 
gether she  presented  such  a  strange  appearance  as 
led  the  prince  to  remark  that  she  resembled  a 
"Flanders  mare"!  This  at  once  tended  to  pre- 
judice his  mind  against  his  bride.  This  version 
of  the  aflair  was  given  by  Hewardine  with  ap- 
parent truthfulness,  and  a  strong  feeling  of  indig- 
nation at  the  trick  played  off"  upon  her  royal 
highness  by  the  "  lady  of  rank  "  referred  to  by 
A.  A.  Hewardine  had  been  in  the  service  of 
George  III.  for  some  years  before  he  entered  that 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales ;  also  in  that  of  Mr.  Pitt, 
and  afterwards  became  head  cook  to  the  princess 
herself  during  her  sojourn  in  Italy.  He  had  a 
brother  well  known  as   a  writer  and  singer  of 


S'd  S.  XI.  June  29,  '67.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


531 


bacchanalian  songs,  who  held  a  commission  in  the 
army,  and  was  an  occasional  visitor  at  the  royal 
table  in  Carlton  House.  J.  T. 

George  IV.,  rightly  or  wrongly,  has  certainly 
been  accused  of  "  coarseness  of  behaviour."  Wit- 
ness the  story  told  in  Rogers'  Tahle-Talk  (ed. 
1856,  p.  250)  of  his  conduct  to  Lady  Salisbury, 
who  "  was  dancing  in  a  country  dance  with  the 
Prince  of  Wales  at  a  ball  given  by  the  Duchess  of 
Devonshire,  when  the  prince  suddenly  quitted 
Lady  Salisbury,  and  finished  the  dance  with  the 
duchess."  This  rude  behaviour  of  his  royal  high- 
ness drew  forth  some  lines  from  Captain  Morris : — 
"  Ungallant  youth  !  could  royal  Edward  see, 
While  Salisbury's  Garter  decks  thy  faithless  knee, 
That  thou,  false  knight !  hadst  turn'd  thv  back,  and 

tied 
From  such  a  Salisbury  as  might  wake  the  dead, 
Quick  from  thy  treacherous  breast  her  badge  he'd  tear, 
And  strip  the  star  that  beautv  planted  there." 

H.  P.  D. 

Passage  in  Loed  Bacon  (3"*  S.  xi.  496.) — 
"  Nor  my  course  to  get"  may  mean  "  my  course 
of  life  is  decided,  I  am  too  old  to  begin  life  over 
again,"  or  "my  course  of  life  is  not  such  as  to 
enable  me  to  improve  my  estate  " ;  if  the  latter, 
we  may  infer  that,  whatever  others  might  say,  he 
does  not  consider  himself  to  be  of  an  acquisitive 
or  grasping  disposition.  This  remarkable  utter- 
ance of  "  the  wisest,  brightest,  meanest  of  man- 
kind," may  be  quite  consistent  with  a  willingness 
to  accept  whatever  should  come  in  his  way,  as 
vails,  perquisites,  or  other  income.  "  H. 

Clocks  and  Watches  (.3'<*  S.  xi.  496.)— There 
is  an  early  mention  of  clocks  in  the  TJiornton 
Romances,  which  I  think,  with  the  accompanying 
extract  from  Evelyn's  Numismata,  may  interest 
your  correspondent"^:  — 

"  With  an  orrelegge  one  hy3th 
To  rynge  the  ours  at  nyjth. 
To  waken  Mvldore  thebrvith, 

With  bellus  to  knyllel" 
Romance  of  Sir  Degrevant,  lines  1453-5G. 

"Note.  Line  li53. — 'With  an  orrelegge  one  hyjth.' 
A  curious  early  notice  of  clocks,  for  illustrations  of  which 
the  reader  maj-  refer  to  an  essay  by  Barrington  in  the 
Arch^ologia,  vol.  v.,  Ducange  in  voce  Horologium. 
Perhaps  the  most  ancient  and  curious  clock  now  existing 
is  that  preserved  in  the  Cathedral  of  Wells,  said  to  have 
been  constructed  by  Peter  Lightfoot  about  the  year  1.325. 
The  clock  of  Pachard  de  Wallingford  at  St.  Albans  is 
described  by  Whethamstede,  in  his  Granarium,  preserved 
in  the  Cotton  MSS.  Bale,  who  appears  to  have  seen  it, 
says  it  was  made  magna  labore,  majore  stimptu,  arte  vera 
maxima,  and  it  seems  to  have  been  considered  a  great 
curiosity.  I  mentioned  both  in  the  Rara  3Iathematica, 
p.  117,  but  had  not  noticed  any  particulars  of  the  one 
first  mentioned  till  kindly  pointed  out  to  me  by  J.  G. 
Nichols." —  Thornton  Romances,  (Published  by  the  Cam- 
den Society.) 

"Among  the  most  ingenious  mechanicks  mav  be 
reckoned  Gil.  Xorrison,  who  about  thirtv  vears "since 
made  that  famous  clock  of  St.  John's  at  Lvons'in  France, 


with  whom  we  would  compare  our  present  Coventrv 
Blacksmith,  and  Richard  tVallingford,  son  also  of  another 
blacksmith,  who  made  such  another  master-piece  almost 
four  hundred  years  past,  as  our  Chronicles  tell  us."  — 
Evelyn's  Numismata,  p.  281. 

S.  L. 

Inscriptions  on  Angelus  Bells  (3'^  S.  xi. 
410.) — The  more  correct  version  of  the  second 
epigraph  is  this :  ",  -|-  Hac  in  conclave  Gabriel  nunc 
pange  siiave,"  as  at  Aldborough. 
_  In  the  third  epigraph  the  h'eo  is  an  abbrevia- 
tion of  haheo.  What  does  al  quod  mean  in  the 
fourth  ?  Another  legend  is  "  Sancte  Gabrielis." 
(Finden,  Sussex.)  W.  H.  S. 

Tombstones  and  their  Inscriptions  {^'^  S. 
xi.  429.)  —  When  the  note  above  referred  to  was 
sent  to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  the  name  of  Dr.  David  Laing, 
of  the  Signet  Library,  Edinburgh,  had  not  been 
announced  as  the  writer  of  the  "  elaborate  histori- 
cal introduction  " ;  for  if  it  had,  Mr.  Irving,  I 
think,  would  have  hesitated  before  stating  that 
such  an  introduction  "  would  go  far  to  swamp  the 
whole  affair."  No  one  in  Scotland  has  rendered  more 
important  services  to  the  literature  of  his  native 
country,  or  investigated  its  antiquities  with  more 
disinterested  zeal  than  Dr.  Laing,  whose  reputa- 
j  tion  is  far  from  being  confined  to  the  United 
Kingdom.  It  would  seem  that  Mr.  Irving,  when 
he  wrote  his  remarks,  had  not  seen  Dr.  Laing's 
introduction.  J.  Macray. 

Oxford. 

Epitaph  on  a  Cavalier  (S''"'  S.  xi.  496.)— The 
governess  to  whom  the  epitaph  refers  may  have 
been  the  Countess  of  Morton,  who  had  the  charge 
of  the  Princess  Henrietta.  Clarendon  says 
(book  viii.) :  — 

"After  the  king  had  made  a  small  stay  at  Exetei* 
where  he  found  his  young  daughter,  of  whom  the  queen 
had  been  so  lately  delivered,  under  the  care  and  govern- 
ment of  the  Lady  Dalkeith  (shortly  after  Countess  of 
Morton  by  the  death  of  her  husband's  father),  who  had 
been  long  before  designed  by  both  their  majesties  to  that 
charge." 

Clarendon  several  times  refers  to  the  countess 
as  the  princess's  governess.  See  Index  under 
"  Dalkeith,  Lady,"  (Agnes  Keith).  H.  P.  D. 

The  Pal^ologi  (3'd  S.  xi.  485.) '-^  This  sub- 
ject was  noticed  by  several  of  your  correspondents 
in  1*'  S.  V.  viii.  ix.  x.  xi.  and  xii.  I  have  not, 
however,  hitherto  seen  it  stated  that  there  are 
descendants  in  Cornwall  named  "Palligy." 

John  S.  Burn. 

The  Grove,  Henley. 

The  late  Eev.  E.  H.  Barhaji  (S"""  S.  xi.  476.) 
The  piece  alluded  to  is  doubtless  Nic'k\s  Long- 
tailed  Coat.  It  will  be  found  in  extenso  in  a  note 
to  Barham's  novel  Some  Account  of  my  Cousin 
KicJiolas,  vol.  ii.  cap.  5.  This  amusing  tale  forms 
vol.  ciii.  of  "  Standard  Novels,"  published  by 
Bentley  in  1846.  ^         W.  R.  M. 


532 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[3'd  S.  XI.  Jdne  29,  '67. 


U.  P.  SPELLS  Mat  Goslikgs  (3"*  S.  xi.  57, 161.) 
Your  correspondent  will  find  this  expression  ex- 
plained in  the  Gentleinan's  Mag.  Ixi.  327,  where  it 
is  derived  from  a  phrase  used  by  hoys  at  play. 

Ctbil. 

Dtjnbae's  "  Social  Life  in  Former  Days  " 
(3'''*  S.  xi.  485.) — I  beg  again  to  assure  Jatdee 
that  neither  the  copyist  nor  the  printer  made  any 
mistake,  but  gave  the  date  "  Jajvic  "  exactly  as  in 
the  original  manuscript ;  nay,  more,  I  am  willing 
to  send  the  original  documents  to  the  office  of 
''N.  &  Q."  for  inspection.  In  old  Scotch  docu- 
ments the  years  1600  and  1700  are  _  constantly 
expressed  respectively  thus:  —  "Jajvic,"  and 
"  Jajviic."  E,  Dunbar  Dunbar. 

Jatdee  will  find  more  than   one  instance  of 
"  Jaj  "  representing  one  thousand  in  the  notes  to 
Hamilton  of  Wishaw's  Description  of  the  Sheriff- 
doms of  Lanark  and  Renfreiv.  W.  R.  C. 
Glasgow. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Black's  General  Atlas  of  the  World.  New  Edition.  A 
Series  of  fifty-six  Maps,  containing  the  latest  Discoveries 
and  New  Boundaries,  accompanied  hy  introductory  De- 
scription and  Index.  (A.  &  C.  Black.) 
It  is  only  between  four  and  five  years  since  we  called 
attention  to  a  new  issue  of  Black's  General  Atlas.  Those 
years  have  been  verj'  eventful  ones,  and  have  not  only 
been  pregnant  with  discoveries,  but  with  political  events 
which  have  effected  great  territorial  changes.  To  meet 
this  altered  condition  of  the  world's  distribution,  Messrs. 
Black  have  determined  upon  issuing  a  new  and  revised 
edition  of  their  useful  and  popular  Atlas  ;  among  the 
principal  features  of  which  new  edition  may  be  named 
a  large  Map  of  Italy,  showing  more  fully  the  territory 
and  departmental  divisions  of  the  country;  a  double  Map 
of  India,  containing  the  chief  villages  and  stations,  with 
the  Government  Divisions,  revised  at  the  India  Office  ; 
and  five  large  Maps  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  the 
Southern  States  specially  supplied  by  the  United  States 
Coast  Survev  Bureau.  To  make  these  more  useful,  its 
Index,  which  before  contained  no  fewer  than  G8,000  names, 
has  been  considerably  enlarged ;  so  that  when  we  look  to 
the  number  of  the  Maps,  fifty-six,  the  beautiful  manner 
in  which  thev  are  engraved.'and  the  price.  Black's  Atlas 
may  fairly  claim  to  be  distinguished  for  its  clearness, 
s,  and  cheapness. 


A  Memoir  of  General  James  Oglethorpe,  one  of  the  Earliest 
Reformers  of  Prison  Discipline  in  England,  and  the 
Founder  of  Georgia  in  America.  By  Robert  Wright. 
(Chapman  &  Hall.) 

That  the  biography  of  one  who  was  remarkable  both 
as  a  hero  and  as  a  legislator— a  biography  which  John- 
son volunteered  to  write,  if  the  subject  of  it  would  only 
furnish  the  materials  —  should  remain  unwritten  for 
nearly  three-quarters  of  a  century,  is  certainly  somewhat 
matter  of  wonder.  Readers  of  the  present  day  are  debtors 
to  Mr.  Wright  for  collecting  for  their  information,  with 
considerable  industry,  a  vast  mass  of  curious  information 
illustrative  of  the  life  and  actions  of  General  Oglethorpe, 
whom  Pope  has  immortalised  in  his  couplet :  — 


"  One,  driven  by  strong  benevolence  of  soul, 
Shall  fly,  like  Oglethorpe,  from  pole  to  pole." 
Mr.  Wright's  book  does  not,  however,  exhaust  the  sub- 
ject:   and  one  of  its  good  effects  maj'  be,  to  call  the 
attention  of  the  present  age  to  Oglethorpe's  merits,  and 
bring  out  from  sources  yet  undisturbed  new  materials  for 
a  fuller  record  of  his  useful  and  praiseworthy  career. 
Thoughts  on  Men  and  Tilings.     A  Series  of  Essays.     By 
Angelina  Gushington.     (Rivington.) 

The  writer  of  these  amusing  papers,  with  their  strong 
under-current  of  good  sense,  is  destined  to  be  heard  of 
hereafter,  or  a  good  promise  will  not  be  kept. 
Kentish  Lyrics,  Sacred,  Rural,  and  Miscellaneous.     By 

Benjamin  Gough.     (Houlston  &  Wright.) 

A  volume  of  pleasant  poetry,  partly  devotional,  partly 
inspired  \>j  the  ever-renewing  and  proverbial  richness  of 
Kentish  scenery,  than  which  poet  need  not  care  for  hap- 
pier theme. 
Synonyms  and  Antonyms.      Collected  and   illustrated  hy 

the  Venerable  C.  J.  Smith,  M.A.,  late  Archdeacon  of 

Jamaica.     (Bell  &  Daldy.) 

The  author  explains  that  the  nature  and  use  of  this 
work  are  meant  to  be  rather  practical  than  scientific  ; 
and  it  will  be  found  very  useful  to  all  who  desire  to  use 
words  strictly  as  they  should  be  used. 


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A  List  of  English  Cardinals. 
Original  MS.  of  the  Eikon  Basibke. 
Hamilton  of  Bothwellhaugh. 
William  D'Avenant  on  Shakspere. 
Parentage  of  Richard  Duke,  the  Poet. 
The  Chevalier  d'Assas,  ^c. 
R    S    Harris.    Blackstnne  vsed  nusance  because  that  is  the  term 
{Old  Norman)  in  the  early  Law  Books.  In  the  modern  editions  o/Black- 
stone  it  is  properly  spslt  nuisance. 

Erratom— 3rd  S.  xi.  p.  509,  col.  ii.  line  25,  for  "  Alex.  Row  read 
"  Alex.  Ross."  . 

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INDEX. 


THIRD   SEEIES.— VOL,   XL 


[For  classified  articles,  see  Anonymous  Works,  Books  recently  Pdblished,  Epigrams,  Epitaphs, Folk  Lorf, 
Proverbs  and  Phrases,  Quotations,  Shaksperiana,  and  Songs  and  Ballads.] 


A. 


A.  on  heraldic  queries,  178 

(A.  A.)  on  Besora  of  peacock's  feathers,  509 

Betting  in  ancient  times,  65 

Boley  Mead,  or  Bully  Mead,  47 

Bucket  chain,  47 

Cannon,  early,  455 

Chair  organ,  and  the  word  pair,  45 

Christmas  bos,  its  origin,  65 

Dante  query,  62 

Debentures,  47 

Eucharist,  lines  on,  66 

Freemasons,  bulls  in  favour  of,  245 

George  IV.'s  first  meeting  with  his  queen,  477 

Hop-picking  by  amateurs,  506 

Marriage  queries,  243 

Old  inventions  supposed  to  be  modern,  254 

Paint  things  as  you  see  them,  454 

Pair  of  stairs,  124,  486 

Pifferari  in  Italy,  102 

Prison  life,  241 

Psalm  tunes,  247 

Sieve  and  riddle,  their  difference,  459 

St.  Barbe  on  board  ship,  157 

Stool-ball,  a  game,  457 

Turning  the  tables,  253 

Wadmoll,  a  coajse  cloth,  73 

Woodward's  "  Eccentric  ExcursioDS,"  265 
Abbe',  its  meaning,  95,  161 
Abbesses  as  confessors,  516 
Aberdeen,  arms  of  the  see,  174,  245 
Abhba  on  chaplains  to  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  34 

"  Dublin  Christian  Instructor,"  115 

Irish  anonymous  pamphlets,  9 

"  St.  Stephen's,  or  Pencillings  of  Politicians,"  153 
Abyssinians  in  Jerusalem,  151 
A.  (C.  F.)  on  the  Countess  of  Kent,  55 
Acland  (C.  L.)  on  an  old  song,  441 
Acrostic,  inventor  of  the  double,  203,  249,  285,  408 
Acrostic  verses  on  writing,  291 
Adamson  (Abp.  Patrick),  tragedy  of  "  Herod,"  442 
A.  (D.  C.  A.)  on  Luther  and  Erasmus,  53 
Addis  (John)  jun.  on  Callabre,  its  meaning,  67 


Addis  (John),  jun.  on  Durer  (Albert)  "Knight,  Death, 
and  the  Devil,"  59 

Flote,  as  used  by  the  dramatists,  171 

Jolly,  an  old  word,  67 

Nothing  new  under  the  sun,  94 

Obsolete  phrases,  444,  518 

Portraits  of  criminals,  24 

Prowe,  as  an  adjective,  192 

Ealeigh  at  his  prison  window,  55 

St.  Michael  and  haberdashery,  418 

Shakspeare  said  it  first,  23 

Shakspeariana,  124,251 

"  To  cry  roast  beef,"  463 

"  The  Sun's  Darling,"  passage  in,  478 
Adolphus  (John),  "  History  of  England,"  74 
Advertising,  its  history,  114, 178,  207,  243 
"  Adventure,"  a  ship,  188 
"  Advocate  of  Revealed  Truth,"  1 66 
A.  (E.  H.)  on  Dr.  Busby's  piety,  416 

B.  Comte,  artist,  34 

Calling  the  fair,  274 

Frampton  (Bishop),  family,  278 

Hill  (Rev.  Mr.),  456 

Morata  (Olympia),  biography,  466 

Smith  (George),  anonymous  works,  254 

Walsingham  parish  collections,  292 
"^lia  Lselia  Crispis,"  enigmatical  inscription,  213,  265 
jEschylus,  passage  in  the  "  Agamemnon,"  173 
A.  (H.)  on  Sir  Thomas  Stradling,  bart.  153 
Aikman  (Wm.)  artist,  415 
Ainger,  (Alfred)  on  charm,  a  chorus,  382 

Dessein's  hotel  at  Calais,  47 

Meridian  rings,  470 

Vowel  changes,  326 
Alton  (Sir  Robert),  portrait,  437,  491 
A.  (J.  M.)  on  Sir  William  Arnott,  464 
A,  (L.)  on  Leslie  family,  175 

Aldhelm  (St.)  and  the  double  acrostic,  249  ;  works,  473 
Alexander  VII.  pope,  and  the  college  of  cardinals,  128 
Alexander  the  Great,  letter  to  Aristotle,  78 
'AMeiis  on  Bishop  Hare  and  Dr.  Bentley,  84 

O'Conor's  "  History  of  the  House  of  O'C-^nor,"  59 
Aiken  (Henry),  artist,  516 
Allen  (Thomas),  County  Histories,  455 


534 


INDEX. 


Alphabet  bells,  184,  322,  358;  tiles.  449 

Alscott,  the  seat  of  Mrs.  West,  314,  427 

Alter  on  Christopher  Conins,  323 

A.  (M.)  on  ville,  as  used  in  composiiion,  379 

Amazon  stones,  476 

Amelia  (Princess),  daughter  of  Georpe  II .  259 

Anierica,  surveyors  of  the  white  pines  in,  101 

Ameiica  and  caricatures,  23 

American  authors,  assumed  literary  mimes,  94 

Americanisms,  21 

Amorphorhin  Club,  its  rules,  253 

Anagrammatic  pseudonyms,  496 

Andrews  (William  Eusebius),  publiiber,  .3 

Angelo  (Michael),  "  Last  Judgment,"  439 

Angeloni  (Lewis),  his  writings,  437,  462 

Angels  adored  by  the  Arabs,  180 

Angels  of  the  churches,  or  bishops,  75,  16G,  185,  207 

Angelas  bell,  213,  410,  531 

Angling,  a  treatise  on,  203 

Anglo-Indian  literature,  294 

Anglo-Scotus  on  Dalmahoy  family,  200 

Hamilton  (James)  of  Bothwellhaugh,  453 

Lanarkshire  families,  339 

Tooth-sealing,  523 

Ancaymsus  Y/orks:  — 

Advice  to  the  British  Army,  280 

Apology  for  a  Protestant  Dissent,  115,       5 

Appeal  for  Canieria  (America),  438 

Aristocracy  of  England,  476 

Bentivolio  and  Urania,  401 

Brief  Historical  Account  of  Primitive  Invocation, 
254 

Butterfly's  Ball  an.l  Grasshopper's  Feast,  393 

Count  of  Gabalis,  69 

Discollimiuinm,  237 

Epistolatory  Dissertation  to  the  Clergy  of  Middle- 
sex, 254 

Essay  for  Catholic  Communion,  479 

Heraclitus  Christianus,  376 

High  Life  Below  Stairs,  247 

Histoire  des  Diables  Modernes,  463,  506 

Homer  a  la  Mode,  297 

Horsley  (Bishop),  Letter  to  him,  1790,  292 

Hudibras  Redivivus,  380 

Keekiad,  a  mock-heroic  poem,  261 

Letter  to  the  Pvight  Hon.  Sir  John  Sinclair,  292 

Letters  of  Guatimczin  on  Ireland,  9 

Mackarony  Fables,  88 

Manuscrit  venu  de  St.  He'lene,  520 

Magick  Glass,  or  Visions  of  the  Times,  476 

Man  wholly  Mortal,  by  E.  0.,  458 

Mardocheus,  a  drama,  516 

Mixed  Poems,  by  a  Clergyman,  516 

Oaths,  Treatise  on,  170 

Observations  on  some  Points  of  Law,  261 

Peerage  Paralleled,  a  poem,  519 

Protoplast,  128 

St.  Stephen's,  or  Pencillings  of  Politicians,  153 

Sacred  Shepherd,  or  Divine  Arcadiad,  476 

Sea  Piece,  a  Poetical  Narrative,  136,  243,  326 

Servitude,  a  poem,  392 

Solomon's  Song  Paraphraspd,  77 

Strictures  on  the  Lives  of  Lawyers,  56,  146,  187 

Suit  of  Armour  for  Youth,  208 

Tales  of  the  Academv,  516 


Anonymous  Works :  — 

The  Times,  Places,  and  Persons  of  Scripture,  376 
Thoughts  upon  the  Present  Condition  of  the  Stage, 

292 
Three  Letters  on  Systematic  Taste,  115 
Tillotson  (Abp.),  Remarks  on  Dr.  Birch's  Life,  254 
Wanda,  a  dramatic  poem,  516 
Way  to  be  Wise  and  Wealthy,  115 
Welsh  Freeholder's  Letter  to  Bp.  Horsley,  292 
Whole  Duty  of  Woman,  480 

Antiquaries'  Society,  topographical  collections,  28 

Apostle,  requisites  required,  98 

Apostolic  Fathers,  Epistles  of,  95 

Apreece,  or  Ap  Rhys  Family,  129,  20? 

Apreece  (Sir  Thomas),  129,  207 

Ap  Rhys,  or  Apreece  family,  129,  207 

Aqua-tinting  on  wood,  331 

Arabic  manuscripts  burnt  in  Granada,  169 

ArchiBological  Society  of  Rome,  248 

Archdeacons,  their  former  toilsome  visitations,  54 

Archer  family  of  Kilkenny,  arms,  23 

Archer  (Sir  Simon),  letter,  93 

Archimedes  on  Agudeza,  447 
The  Boomerang,  465 
Turpin's  or  Nevinson's  ride  to  York,  505 

Armitage,  a  local  name,  136,  242,  391 

Armorial  queries,  136 

Arms,  printed  grants  of,  199,  327,  508 

Arnold  (F.  H.)  on  Bayeux  tapestry,  255 

Arnott  (Matthew  Robert),  324 

Arnott  (Sir  William),  464 

Arrom  (Dona  Cecilia),  447 

A.  (S.  H.  L.)  on  heraldic  queries,  23 

Ashmolean  manuscripts.  Catalogue,  188 

Asparagus,  its  pronunciation,  274 

Aston  (Col.  Henry  Hervey),  recollections  of,  9,  67 

Astronomy  and  history,  234,  304,  403 

Atkinson  (J.  C.)  on  burning  hair,  164 

Atlantic  telegraph,  308 

Atone,  or  attone,  its  orthography,  255,  403 

Auckland  (George,  Earl  of),  portrait,  294,  343,  450 

Austin  (Wm.),  protege'  of  Queen  Caroline,  351,  388 

Australian  bomerang,  334,  465 

Autographs,  proposed  national  collection,  513 

Autographs  in  books,  108,  192,  252,  292 

A.  (W.)  on  Earl  Waldegrave's  "  Memoirs  "  257 

A.  (W.  A.  T.)  on  Queen  Elizabeth  and  Earl  of  Essex,  95 

A.  (W.  H.  S.)  on  advertising,  207 

Medical  treatment  in  the  middle  ages,  196 

Axford  (Isaac),  see  Hannah  Lightfoot 

Axon  (W.  E.  A.)  on  anonymous  works,  115,  280 
Ewald  (H.  G.  A.),  106 
Penal  Laws  against  Roman  Catholics,  87 
Search  (John),  i.  e.  Abp.  Whately,  325 
Wynne's  "  Strictures  on  Lawyers,"  187 

Aytoun  (Sir  Robert),  portrait,  437,  491 


B.  on  Docwra  family,  245 

B.  (A.)  on  hymn  on  the  royal  christening,  495 

Tinging  the  hair,  331 
Bubelards,  its  meaning,  443 

Bacon  (Francis),  Bal-ou  Verulam,  passage  in  a  letter, 
496,  531 


INDEX. 


)35 


Bngford  (John),  Lis  fragmentary  collections,  231 
B.  (A.  H.)  on  "  Que  voulez-voas  ?"  etc.,  344 
Baillie  (A.  H.)  on  Hector  Boece,  381 
Baily  (Jolinson)  on  the  Venerable  Bede,  62 

Song  on  woman,  287 
Balatroon  explained,  443,  444 
Balcombe  (Wm.)   Bonaparte's   companion,    193,    304, 

327 
Ballot,  Pliny's  remarks  on  it,  475 
Balmoral,  its  derivation,  177,  306 
Bandiera  (the  Brothers),  160,  386,  446 
Bankes  (Sir  John),  Chief-Justice,  portrait,  55 
Bannister  (Dr.  Jolin)  on  Jews  in  Cornwall,  456 

St.  Micliael's  iilount,  Cornwall,  357 
Baptism,  sermon  at,  10  ^ 

Baptism  by  the  Swedenborsians,  47,  127 
Bargrave  (John),    D.D.,  Canon   of   Canterbury,    123; 

and  Cornelius  Jansen,  172 
Barham  (F.),  on  preesistence  of  souls,  317 
Barham  (R.  H.),  poem  "  Dick  and  his  long- tailed  Cat," 

476,  531 
Earkley  (C.  W.)  on  Billows  :  hard  weather,  271 

Historical  pictures  at  Denham  Court,  96    . 

Jack  a  Barnell,  provincialism,  353 
Baroni'ts  in  Ireland,  409 
Bar  Point  on  marriage  folk-lore,  135 

Waste- paper  collectors,  27 
Banacks,  early  English,  107 

Barrington  (George),  prologue  to  "  The  Revenge,"  476 
Barrows  in  the  Japygian  Peninsula,  516 
Baskerville  House,  Birmingham,  314,  427 
Bastctt  (Joshua),  "  Essay  for  Catholic  Communiun," 

479 
Bates  (Wm.)  on  Rev.  Henry  Be^t,  165 

Calligraphy,  works  on,  401 

French  books  on  England,  14 

Jlisopogon  and  the  Emperor  Julian,  344 

O'Connell  (Maurice),  poem,  359 

Picture  cleaning,  works  on,  205 

Poetum:  Tabacum,  93 

Raleigh  at  his  prison  window,  201 

Two-faced  pictures,  424 
Bath  brick,  its  materials,  213,  305 
Bathurst  (Henry)  on  Rushton,  co.  Northampton,  162 
Bauge',  battle  of,  120,  483 
B.  (A.  W.)  on  sense  of  pre-esistence,  167 
Bayeux  Tapestry,  255,  316 
B.  (C.  H.)  on  the  Life  of  John  AVvatt,  497 
B.  (C.  W.)  on  Shelley's  "  Adonis,"  265 
B.  (U.)  on  block  on  which  Charles  I.  was  beheaded,  54 

Tanfield  (Lady),  family,  56 
B.  (E.)  on  Drysalter,  381 
Bearded  women,  392 
Beards  taxed,  416 

Beaton  (Cardinal  David),  biography,  58 
Beaton  (James),  abp.  of  Glasgow,  314 
Beaufoy  family,  215 
Beauty  unfortunate,  517 
Bede  (Cuthbert)  on  Bede's  chair,  283 
■   Bearded  women,  392 

Bilston  legends  and  superstitions,  493 

Carrion,  u.-ed  as  an  adjective,  32 

Charm^noise  or  clamour,  510 

Church  with  thatched  roof,  517 
Coffin  discovered  at  Stilton,  129 
Double  acrostics,  285 


Bede  (Cuthbert)  on  Eglinton  tournament,  22 

Glatton,  a  ship,  2S5 

Gold  pronounced  goold,  22 

Parody  on  "  Hohenlinden,"  506 

Pronunciation  of  asparagus  and  coppice,  274 
.Punning  mottoes,  262 

Songs  of  birds,  504 

Willow  pattern,  299 
Bede  (Venerable)  chair  at  Jarrow  church,  127,  283; 
day  of  his  commemoration,  G2;    site  of  the   C:im- 
p<dunum,  312 
Beetle:  '•  As  deaf  as  a  beetle,"  34 
Bectou  (S.  P.)  on  Cardinal  David  Beaton.  58 
Beggars  (Gueus)  of  Holland,  98 
Beguines,  ISIosheiiii's  work  on  the,  176 
Bciily  (Dr.  S.),  on  anonymous  works,  376 

Callabre,  its  meaning,  10 

H:nr  standing  on  end,  193 

Sh.iksfeare  portrait,  332 

Spiders:  old  proverb,  146 
Bell,   the  Angelus,  213,  410,  531;  at  Ornolac,  214, 

323;  at  Kirkthorp,  517 
Bell,  or  change-ringing  societies,  459 
Bell,  the  rood-scree'n,  389 

Bell  inscriptions  on  St.  Andrews,  Fifeshire,  436,  508 
Beil-ringing  club,  437 
Bills,  inscriptions  on  church,  374 
B.  (E.  M.)  on  armorial  queries,  136 
Ben  Kliydding,  origin  of  the  name,  114 
Benas  (Baron  Louis)  on  false  hair  worn   by  Jewi-h 

girls,  165 
Bentham  (Jerem.),  on  table-turning.  97 
Bentley's  ale,  iemp.  Henry  VIII.,  416 
Berlichingen  (Gotz  von),  iron  hand,  496 
Bernar,  or  branner,  a  keeper  of  dogs,  191 
Bernard  and  Lechton  families,  75,  184 
Bernard  (St.)  hymn,  "  Jesu  dulcis  meinoria,"  271,  426, 

468 
Bertrand  (JL),  "  Manuscrit  venu  de  St.  Heiene,"  520 
Besom  of  peacocks'  feathers,  79,  343,  509 
Best  (Rev.  Henry),  noticed,  57,  165 
Beswick  (Mrs.  Hannah),  buried,  166,226 
Betting,  its  history,  65,  119,  225,  365 
B.  (E.  V.  D)  on  Vertegans  family,  458 
Beverley  ^Minster,  obliterated  epitaph,  52 
Bevill  family,  1 30 
B.  (F.)  on  Copper  coins  of  Charles  I.,  26 

French    Register   at    Sandtoft,    153  ;  of  Thorney 
Abbey,  353 

Hailes   (Lord)  epitaph  on  his  wife  and  children, 
376 

'  Vale  of  the  Cross,'  364 
B.  (F.  C.)  on  broken  pottery  of  ancient  times,  4 

Hon  (H.  le)  on  the  oscillations  of  the  earth,  456 

Horns  in  German  heraldry,  325 

Quotations,  457 
B.  (H.  A.)  on  Clinton's  Chronology,  123 
Bible,  anecdote  of  the  Authorized  Version,  98 
Bible  and  key  superstition.  294 
Bible  illustrated  in  eight  or  twelve  volumes,  257 
Bibliothecar.  Chetham  on  St.  Bernard,  2S6 

Caress,  its  derivation,  504 

General  Literary  Index,  210,  473 
"  Bibliotheca  Piscatoria,"  98 
Billows:  hard  weather,  271 
Billy  (Sir)  of  Billericay,  238 


536 


INDEX. 


Bilston,  its  legends  and  superstitions,  493 
Bingham  (C.  W.)  on  Wm.  Chamberlayne,  355 

"  Do  as  I  say,  and  not  as  I  do,"  267 

Macaronic  description  of  a  friar,  96 
Birch  (Col.  John)  biography,  507 
Bird  (William)  organist,  516 
Birds,  extraordinary  assemblies  of,  10,  1 06,       ,    220, 

306,  361  ;  their  songs  noted,  380,  504 
Birmingham  riots  in  1791,  72,  186,  239 
Biron  (John  Ernest)  Duke  of  Courland,  24 
Births,  proportion  of  male  and  female,  125,  300,  425 
Birtie  Place,  Chiselhurst,  in  Kent,  314,  488 
Bishop  (Rev.  Samuel)  poem,  175,  247 
B.  (J.  G.)  on  Johnnie  Dowie's  ale,  77 

Song  :  "  When  Adam  was  laid  in  soft  slumbers,"  96 
Blackwell  (Dr.)  hymn,  495 
Blades  (Wm.)  on  "  As  deaf  as  a  beetle,"  34 

Bagford  (John)  literary  collections,  231 

Printer's  medal,  295 
Bladon  (James)  on  Thomas  Churchyard,  304- 

Thomson's  "Liberty,"  467 

"  When  Adam  delved,"  &c.,  429 
Blair  (Samuel)  an  author,  455 
Biamire  (William)  noticed,  471 
Blatchington,  Susses,  its  ancient  chapel,  85 
Blome  (Richard)  map  of  Kent,  314 
Blood  royal,  1 86 

Blow  (Dr.  John)  and  the  burial  of  music  boots,  398 
Boctovers,  meaning  of  the  word,  234 
Boece  (Hector)  derivation  of  the  name,  381 
Boetius,   "  Summum  Bonum,"   133  ;   edit.  1674,  its 

translator,  195 
Boenf  Gras,  or  fat  ox,  procession,  213 
Boiling  to  death,  a  punishment,  333 
Boley  Mead  in  the  east  of  London,  47,  124 
"  Bolster's  Magazine,"  113,  345 
Bolton  (Duke  of)  oil-painting,  437 
Bomerang,  its  exercise.  334,  465 
Bonaparte  (Napoleon)  anagram  on  his  name,  195,  223; 

his  Greek  origin,  307,  507;  caricatures,  416 
Bonaparte,  "  Napoleon  at  St.  Helena,"  poem,  214 
Bone  (J.W.)  on  Fernan  Caballero,  159,  188 

Ducks  and  drakes,  an  ancient  game,  139 

Salmagundi,  242 

Spanish  reverence  for  human  life,  233 

Worthington  family,  296 
Book,  the  first  printed  in  England,  78 
Book-buyers  cautioned  against  swindlers,  32,  63 
Book  dedicated  to  the  B.  Virgin  Mary,  23,  66,  166 
Books,  autographs  in,  ]0S,  192,  252,  292 

Books  recently  published :  — 

Archaeological  Institute  :  Papers  on  Old  London, 

432 
Ashmolean  Manuscripts,  Catalogue,  188 
Beckett's  Astronomy  without  Mathematics,  412 
Berjeau's  Eariy  Dutch,  German,  and  English  Prin- 
ters, 68     ■ 
Biggs's  Hymns,  Ancient  and  Modern,  328 
Black's  General  Atlas,  532 
Blake's  Songs  of  Innocence,  88 
Blunt's  Annotated  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  27 
Book  Worm,  a  Bi'oliographical  Review,  68 
Brande's  Dictionary  of  Science,  &c.,  366 
Brown's   Epitaphs   in  Grey  Friars'   Churchyard, 
512 


Books  recently  published :  — 

Bunsen's  Eeypt's  Place  in  Universal  History,  492 
Bunsen's  Keys  of  St.  Peter,  412 
Burton's  History  of  Scotland.  168 
Camden   Society:  Pope  Alexander  VIL  and    the 
College  of  Cardinals,  128;  Accounts  and  Papers 
relating  to  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  392 
Cassell's  Choral  Music,  68 
Chambers's  Etymological  Dictionaiy,  208 
Chaucer's  Poetical  Works,  146 
Chronicles   and   Memorials  of  Great   Britain  and 
Ireland :    Negociations   between    England    and 
Spain,  vol.  ii.,  by  G.  A.  Bergenroth  ;  Chroni- 
cum  Scotorum,  by  W.  M.  Henessy  :  the  War  of 
Gaedhil  with  the  Gael,  by  Dr."  J.  H.  Todd  ; 
the  Chronicle  of  Pierre  de  Langtoft.  by  Thomas 
Wright,  vol.  i. ;  Leechdoms,  Wortcunning,  and 
Starcraft  of  Early  England,   by  the  Rev.   Os- 
wald Cockayne,  vol.  iii.,  188 
Churchill  (diaries)  Poetical  Works,  128 
Crest  Book  illuminated,  452 
Debrett's  Peerage  and  Baronetage,  168 
Derby  (James,   7th    Earl    of)  Private  Devotions, 

287 
Dickens's  Posthumous  Papers,  492 
Early  English  Text  Society:  Prose  Treatises  of 
Richard   Rolle   de    Ham  pole:    Merlin;  or,   the 
Early   History  of  Arthur,  27;   the  Romans  of 
Partenay  or  of  Lusignen :  Dan   Michel's  Ayen- 
bite   of  luwyt :     Hymns   to   the    Virgin    and 
Christ :  the  Stacions  of  Rome  :  Religious  Pieces 
in  Prose  and  Verse.  268 
Ellis  on  the  Routes  between  Italy  and  G.aul,  328 
Elton's  Tenures  of  Kent,  48 
Fine  Arts  Quarterly  Review,  147 
Fitzpatrick's  Ireland  before  the  Union,  512 
Francis's  Book  of  Angling,  208 
Garden's  Outlines  of  Logic,  393 
George  IIL's  Correspondence  with  Lord  North,  108 
Gough's  Kentish  Lyrics,  532 
Gushington's  Thoughts  on  Men  and  Things,  532 
Hazlitt  (William)  Memoirs,  348 
Hazlitt's  Poetical  and  Dramatic  Literature.  248 
Hassard's  London  Diocese  Book,  208 
Hatin's  Les  Gazettes  de  Hollande,  227 
Herald  and  Genealogist,  68,  471 
Hood's  Serious  and  Comic  Poems,  367 
Howard's  Miscellanea  Genealogica,  147 
Hugo's  Toilers  of  the  Sea,  48 
Journal  of  Sacred  Literature,  288 
Keble  on  Eucharistical  Adoration,  328 
Keightley's  Shakspeare  Expositor,  68 
Kilvert's  Remains  in  Verse  and  Prose,  188 
Lamb's  Essays  of  Elia,  328,  432 
Lancashire  Folk  Lore,  168 
Lonsdale's  Worthies  of  Cumberland,  471 
Low's  Handbook  of  the  Charities  of  London,  393 
MacGregor's  Rob  Roy  on  the  Baltic,  48 
Mackay's  Gems  of  English  Poetry,  227 
Marshall's  Account  of  Sandford  Parish,  68 
Meals  for  the  Million,  452 
Jlilman's  History  of  Christianity,  168 
Moore  on  the  First  Man  and  his  Place  in  Creation, 

27 
Ogilvie's  School  Dictionary,  393 
Oxford  Reformers  of  1498,  348 


INDEX. 


537 


Books  recently  published :  — 

Phipson's  Meteors,  Aerolites,  &c.,  48 
Quarterly  Review,  April,  1867,  328 
Kogers  (Charles),  Traits  of  the   Scottish  People, 

451 
Rogers  (Charles),  Lyra  Britannica,  128 
Rogers  (Jt)hn),  Fifth-Monarchy  Man,  88 
Rushton's  Shakspeare  Illustrated,  68 
St.  Stephen's,  a  Weekly  Chronicle,  147 
Sharpe's  Notes  on  the  New  Testament,  88 
Sidney  (Sir  Philip),  "  The  Countess  of  Pembroke's 

Arcadia,"  512 
Spedding"s  Publishers  and  Authors,  68 
Surrey  (Earl  of),  Poems,  208 
Swedenborg's  Life  and  Writings,  208 
Synonyms  and  Antonyms,  532 
Thompson's  Municipal  History,  328,  432 
Townsend's  Manual  of  Dates,  512 
Vizetelly's  Story  of  the  Diamond  Necklace,  247 
Watkins  on  the  Basilica,  470 
Wood's  Natural  History  of  Man,  412 
Wright's  Memoir  of  General  Oglethorpe,  532 
Wyatt  (Sir  Thomas),  Poems,  208 
Yorkshire,  Handbook  for  Travellers,  452 

Booth  (Alderman  Richard),  213 

Bordeaux,  Works  on,  10 

Bordure,  in  heraldry,  390,  511 

Boston,  Lincolnshire,  bulls  conferring  the  pardons  be- 
longing to,  187 

Boulter  (W.  C.)  on  Skinner  family,  98 

Boulton  (Sam.),  "Vindication   of  History  of  Magic," 
114 

Bouchier  (Jonathan)  on  Rev.  S.  Bishop's  poem,  247 
Butterfly,  449 
Charm — a  chorus,  382 
Dante  query,  185,  465 
Epigram,  417 

Gab :  "  The  gift  of  the  gab,"  337 
Goldsmith's  degree  at  Padua,  246 
Jacobite  verses,  305 
Lamb  (Charles),  poetess  quoted,  193 
"  Les  Anglois  s'amusaient  tristement,"  87,  143 
Marseillois  Hymn,  80 
Pope  and  Addison,  a  parallel,  415 
Pre-existence  of  souls,  318 
Quotations,  295,  354 

Shelley's  "  Adonais,"  44,  106,  363  ;  "  Cloud,"  428 
Tennyson's  "  Elaine,"  336 
"  To  cry  roast  meat,"  463 
Virgil  and  singing  of  birds,  411 
Wordsworth's  "  Excursion  "  quoted,  206 

Bowring  (Sir  John)  on  Luigi  Angdoni,  462 

Bows  and  arrows,  their  disuse,  67,  208,  245 

Boyle,  the  Annals  of.  Cotton  MS.,  181 

Boys  family  arms,  430 

Brasye  family  arms,  499 

Braxfield  (Lord),  anecdote  attributed  to  him,  22 

Breech-loader  of  the  last  century,  63 

Bregenz,  the  maid  of,  459 

Brereton  (Sir  William),  noticed,  80, 146 

Briggs  (Thomas),  lines  by,  192 

Brignoles,  a  name  on  a  tomb,  455 

Brinton  (Wm.)  M.D.  parody  on  "  Hohenlinden,"  506 

Britain's  Burse,  Strand,  416,  487 

British  Museum,  presentation  of  books  to  the  library, 
71,212,305 


Brittany,  its  ecclesiastical  buildings,  353 

Brixworth,  its  Basilican  church,  470 

Broeck  (Peter  van  den),  "Travels,"  176 

Broke  (Sir  Philip  Vere)  the  captor  of  Chesapeake,  113 

Brown  (J.  Newton),  "  Emily,  and  other  Poems,"  95 

Browne  (H.  B.),  "  Pipe  of  Tobacco,"  21 

Browne  (Hon.  Howe  Peter),  noticed,  519 

Browne  (Sir  T.),  "  Eeligio  Medici,"  437,  509 

Browning  (Eliz.  Barrett),  lineage,  477 

B.  (R.  R.)  on  Chess  known  to  the  Assyrians,  234 

Harp  brought  into  Europe,  214 
Bruce  (Robert),  a  bold  preacher,  488 
Bruce  (John)  on  inorkin  or  mortkin,  7 

Norgate  (Edward),  artist,  11,  44 
B.  (T.)  on  centenarians  in  Chili,  273 

Norwegian  legend,  139 

Priestley  (Dr.),  destruction  of  his  library,  72 

Sheffield  (John),  nonconformist,  401 

"  U.  P.  spells  goslings,"  122 
B.  (T.  J.)  on  Psalm  and  Hymn  tunes,  41 
Buchanan  (George),  works  proscribed,  37 
Bucket-chain,  its  meaning,  47 
Buckton  (T.  J.)  on  Dunwich  relic,  509 

French  books  on  England,  16 

Le  Hon's  "  Pe'riodicitd  du  Deluge,"  530 

Sanhedrim,  527 

Sealing  the  stone,  527 
Buildings  commenced  at  the  north-east  corner,  438 
Bull  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  436 
Bulls,  papal,  in  favour  of  freemasons,  12,  245 
Bulse,  its  meaning,  254,  347 
Bumblepuppy,  a  game,  426 
Bunker's  Hill,  works  on  the  battle,  279 
Burbadge  (James)  and  Giles  Allen,  48 
Burch  (Col.  John)  of  Gidea  Hall,  Romford,  436,  507 
Burgess  (Rev.  James),  of  Hanfold,  Rochdale,  193 
Burials  above  ground,  166 

Burn  (J.  S.)  on  Lord  Coke  and  the  Star  Chamber; 
162 

Kilvert  (Richard),  25 

Oaths,  Treatise  on,  300 

Palaeologi,  531 

Proleing^stealing,  177 
Burns  (James),  Irish  rambler  and  pauper,  140 
Burns  (Robert),  and  "  The  Caledonian  Hunt's  Delight," 

158,  321 
Burton  (John)  on  engraved  British  portraits,  55 
Busby  (Dr.  Richard),  his  piety,  416 
Bushey  Heath  on  the  epistolary  ability  of  George  IIL 

142 
Butler  (Rev.  Wm.),  sportsman,  63,  104 
Butterfly,  as  used  by  poets,  342,  449,  506 
Buttermilk,  its  etymology,  107,  360 
B.  (W.),  Surrey,  on  Croydon  church,  231 

Rembrandt's  monogram,  117 
B.  (W.  C.)  on  autographs  in  books,  108 

Bibliography,  133 

Calligraphy,  works  on,  487 

Epitaphs  obliterated,  52 

Positions  in  sleeping,  125 

Roos  church  tower,  60 

Russell  (John),  artist,  162 

Silkworms,  MS.  treatise  on,  457 

Translations  and  tapestry,  266 

Worcestershire  sauce,  135 
B.  (W.  D.)  on  Dante's  query,  136 


538 


INDEX. 


Byi-om  (Dr.  John),  "  Jenny  and  hei-  mistress,"  202 
Byron  (Lord),  suppressed  poem  "  Don  Leon,"  477,  528 


C.  on  atone,  or  attone,  255 
Cottle  family,  376 
Dorchester  House,  Westminster,  312 
Hobbes  (Thomas),  portraits,  170 
Kobins,  a  party  epithet,  378 
Cabala,  its  secrets  revealed,  69 
Caballero  (Fernan),  pseudonym,  22,  159,  183 
Ca9adore  on  Lord  Carlyle,  278 

Sword  query,  296 
Ca3sar  (Julius),  his  horse,  294 
C;iitiff,  its  derivation,  384 
Calcuttensis  on  Sir  Philip  Vere  Broke,  113 
Engravings,  etc.  national  collection,  513 
George,  Eurl  of  Auckland,  450 
Light  foot  (Hannah),  196,  503 
Pews  in  churches,  339 
Roome  (John),  Nelson's  signahnan,  330 
Calender,  his  trade,  42 1 
Calico  cloth,  early  notices,  95,  186 
Oallabre.its  meaning,  10,  67,  144,  204,  225,  307 
Calligraphy,  works  on,  291,  401,  487,  529 
Calthorpe  (Sir  James),  marriage,  506 
Camberwell  Club,  149 
Camden  Society  Annual  Meeting,  393 
Camden  (Wm.),  inscription  on  his  portrait,  72 
Camelot,  its  locality,  215,  464 
Camoens  (Lewis  de),  passage  in  "  Os  Lusiadus,"  106 
Campbell  (Mr.)  of  Saddell,'22 
Campbell  (Thomas),  parody  on  "  Hohenlinden,"  419, 

506 
Campion  (Thomas),  musician,  115 
Cainpodunum,  its  site,  312 
Candle-making,  its  history,  217,  325 
Cannon,  Canna,  local  names,  496 
Cannon,  early,  455 
Canston  (J.  D.),  minor  poet,  331 
"  Caraboo  (Princess),"  a  fiction,  374 
Caracci  (Annibale),  picture  of  Darius  IIL,  22 
Cards,  an  old  pack,  114 
Caress,  its  derivation,  417,  504 
Carfex  conduit,  Oxford,  139 
Carlyle  extinct  peerage,  278,  460 
Carlyle  (Sir  John)  of  Torlhorwald,  278,  460 
Carlyle  (Wm.)  of  Lochartur,  278 
Carmichaels  of  that  ilk,  120,  483 
Carrion,  used  as  an  adjective,  32,  447 
Carriage-master,  his  duties,  44-6,  501 
Carson  (Joseph)  on  lectureship,  159 
Carttar  (E.  A,)  on  Dutch  custom,  26 
Cary(B[.  F.)  translation  of  Dante,  115,  206 
Carylforde  on  Christ  a  yoke-maker,  455 
Swedenborg  (Emanuel),  arms,  496 
Tooth-sealing,  450 
Catchem's  Corner,  Bilston,  493 
Catchem's  End,  hamlet  in  Worcestershire,  294,  448 
Cathedral,  a  perfect  one,  86 

Catholic  and  Protestant  as  controversial  epithets,  233 
Catholic  (Roman)  periodicals,  2,  29,  154,  265 
Cato  on  John  Pennyman,  201 
Cats,  reason  or  instinct  of,  204  I 


Caucus,  origin  of  the  cant  word,  292,  430 

Caveao,  its  derivation,  312 

Cavendish   (Wm.  Lord)   intended   duel   with   Earl    of 

Warwick,  519 
Cawthome  list  of  recusants,  95 
Cawthorne  parish  feast,  292 
Caxton  (Wm.)  "  History  of  Troy,"  and  "  Chess  Bjok," 

78 
Cayley  (C.  B.)  on  Dante  query,  341 
C.  (B.)  on  parvenche  =  pink,  233 
C.  (B.  H)  on  angels  of  the  churches,  166 
Christ  a  yoke-maker,  507 
Church,  its  derivation,  94 
Wellingborough  church  dedication,  75,  387 
C.  (C.  A.)  on  passenger  lists,  478 

Holy  Isles,  496 
C.  (E.  A.)  on  astronomy  and  history,  408 
C.  (E.  E.)  on  Jefwellis,  a  term  of  contempt,  355 
C.  (E.  H.)  on  Thomas  Cooper,  417 
Centenarians  in  the  state  of  Chili,  273 
C.  (F.  W.)  on  Elder's  "  Pearls  of  Eloquence,"  35,  235 
Austin  (Wm.)  and  Princess  Olive,  351 
Cozens,  water-colour  painter,  407 
C.  (G.)  on  Trocadero,  478 
CH.  on  Dryden  queries,  135,  174 
Latin  quotations,  256 
Pontefract,  its  etymology,  135 
Song:  "  Of  a  noble  race  was  Shenkin,"  316 
C.  (H.)  on  burning  hair  in  India,  65 
Abyssinians  in  Jerusalem,  151 
D'Abrichcourt  family,  266 
Human  sacrifices  in  Orissa,  92 
Indo-Mahomedan  folk-lore,  1 80 
Pre-death  monuments,  41 
Richelieu  (Cardinal),  fate  of  his  head,  73 
Chafiu  (Rev.  Wm  ),  author  of  "  Cranbourn  Chase,"  63, 

104 
Chairs,  earliest  moveable  wooden,  127 
Chamberlayne  (Wm.),  poet,  355 
Chambers  (Henry),  mayor  of  Hull,  epitaph,  52 
Chambers  (R.)  on  bell  inscriptions  at  St.  Andrews,  436 
Champaign,  its  early  importation,  115 
Champery,  inscription  at,  22 
Champion  (Joseph),  "  New  and  Complete  Alphabets," 

291 
Change-ringing  societies,  459 
Chants  for  hymns,  1 74 
Chapels,  chantry,  47 

Chaplains  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  34,  107 
Chaplains  to  the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal,  etc.,  16, 

203 
Chappell  (Wm.)  on  "  Caledonian  Hunt's  Delight,"  321 
Cithern:  Rebeck,  244 
Lincolnshire  bagpipe,  244 
Lute  and  Intenist,  118 
Music  of  Marseillois  Hymn,  79 
Chardeqweyns,  meaning  of  the  word,  380,  485 
Charles  L,  the  block   on  which  he  was  beheaded,  54, 
144,  164  ;  copper  coin,  26  ;  fate  of  his  head  after 
death,    465  ;    locket  miniature  of,  235,  366  ;  MS. 
journal  in  his  reign,  295 
Charles  II.,  flight  from  Worcester,  96  ;  escorting  his 

mother,  421,  485 
Charleton  (Walter)  M.D.  letter  to  J.  Aubrey,  274 
Charlotte  (Queen)  and  the  Chevalier  D'Eon,  209,  286 
Charlton  (E.)  M.D.,  on  medieval  seal,  469 


INDEX. 


539 


Charm,  or  chorus,  221,  382,  510 
Charnock  (R.  S.)  on  the  word  bulse,  347 

Marchpane,  its  derivation,  446 
Chase  (G.)  artist,  276 
C.  (H.  B.)  on  Camoens  and  Spenser,  106 
"Deaf  as  a  beetle,"  328 
"  De  Kncrrepot,"  a  Dutch  play,  526 
Macrobius,  passage  attributed  to  him,  507 
Profestors'  lectures  characterised,  412 
Quotation  from  Aristophanes,  184  ;   from  Tasso, 
447 
Cheese  Well,  its  derivation,  22 
Chess  known  to  the  Assyrians  and  Egyptians,  234,  3S9, 

488 
Chesterfield  (Lord),  supposed  plagiarisms,  496 
Chevenix   (Richard),    Bishop  of  Wateifoid,    portrait, 

438 
Child  wife  pew,  138 
Chili,  centenarians  in  the  State  of,  273 
Chittledroog  on  the  most  Christian  king's  great  giand- 

mother,  76 
Christ  (Jesus)  a  yoke-maker,  455,  507 
Christ-cross  row,  352 
Christening  sermon,  10,  67 
Christian  ale,  86 

Christine  (Queen)  amusement  of  fly-shooting.  56 
Christmas  box,  its  origin,  65,  107,'  164,  245 
Christmas  day  and  the  days  of  the  week,  7 
Church,  its  derivation,  94 

Church,  men's  heads  covered  in,  137,  223,  317,  430 
"  Church  and  Queen,"  a  loyal  toast,  517 
Church  Catechism,  its  authors,  248 
Church  towers  used  as  fortresses,  60 
Churches,  ancient  ceremonial  at  dedicating,  358 
Churches,  two  in  one  churchyard,  372,  503 
Churches  with  thatched  roofs,  271,  517 
.Churchill  (Charles),  Poetical  Works,  128 
Churchill  (T.),  comedy  "  Saturday  Niglit,"  442 
Churcliing-pew,  138 
Churchyard  (Thomas),  noticed,  304 
Ciss,  or  siss,  in  painting,  its  meaning,  255 
Cithern,  musical  instrument,  174,  244 
C.  (J.)  on  Bishop  Kidder's  autobiography,  477 
C.  (J.)  Sireatham,  on  Andrew  Crosbie,  75 
C.  (J.  M.)  on  Geo.  Thomson's  birth  and  death,  279 
C.  (J.  R.)  ou  Carmichaelsof  that  ilk,  483 
C.  (J.  S.)  on  shore  for  sewer,  397 
Clapham  (Rev.  Samuel),  noticed,  469 
Clarke  (Hyde)  on  Anatolian  folk  lore,  454 
Lightfoot  (Hannah),  156 
Roman  alphabet,  495 
Samian  pottery,  73 
Vowel  changes,  a,  aw,  94,  326,  510 
Clarke  (Wm.)  designates  our  bard  "  Sweet  Sl)akspeare, 

401 
Clarry  on  betting,  225 

Church  and  Queen  toast,  517 
De.roe's  "  True  born  Englishman,''  315 
Claudius  the  Emperor  and  the  Christians,  456;  509 
C.  (L.  B.)  on  change-ringing  societies,  459 
Clayton  (Rev.  John),  Dean  of  Kildare,  his  family,  477 
Cleopatra's  needle,  origin  of  the  name,  307,  431 
Clerical  costume,  145  .^ 

Clerkenwell  natives'  meeting,  304 
Clinton  (H.  F.)  "Chronology,"  34,  123 
Clock  by  William  Selwood,  256,  S66 


Clocks,  tl'.eir  inventor,  496,  531 ;  paces  and  handles  in 

old,  275,  465 
Clocks  stopped  on  a  death,  196 
Closeburn  castle  and  loch,  179 
Ciovis  I.,  his  baptism,  121 
C.  (M.)  on  bulls  in  favour  of  freemasons,  12 
Dark  moon,  a  woman's  savings,  1 94 
Flint  Jack,  an  impostor,  310 
Coal  trade  of  London,  330 
Cockburn  family  of  Ormiston,  52,  125 
Cockington  church  tower,  60 
Cockle  (Chief  Justice)  en  mathematical  bibliography, 

514 
Cockney  ism,  early,  84 
Coffins,  ancient  stone,  129,  281 
Coffins  at  Charlotte  Town,  214 
Coke  (Sir  Edward),  baptism  of  his  daughter  Briget, 

476  ;  opinions  of  the  Star  Chamber  ;  10,  162 
Coleman  (Edward),  Jesuit,  epigram  on,  273,  410 
Colinson,  a  summer  beverage,  294 
Collier  (J.  P.)  on  Thomas  Lord  Cromwell,  74 
Collins  (Christopher),  constable  of  Queenborough  Castle, 

84,  160,  323,  406,  486 
Collins  (Mr.),  composer  of  hymn  tunes,  115 
Collins  (Wm.)  imitates  Prior,  270;  his  Odes,  350,  371 
Colonial  titles:  Honorary,  Esquire,  485 
Colville  (C.  R.)  on  swan  marks,  428 
Combe  (William),  noticed,  484,  503 
Communion,  its  derivation,  518 
Comte  (B.),  engravings,  34 
Congreve  (Wm.).  student  of  Trinity  College.   Dublin, 

280 
Conjugal  affection,  93,  242 
Constitution  Hill,  origin  of  the  name,  455 
Cooke  (C.)  on  Dr.  W.  Charleton,  274 
Cooke  (Matthew)  on  chair  organ,  44 

Dancing  in  church,  175 
Cooper  (G.  J.)  on  Rev.  John  Hill,  296 
Cooper  (Thomas),  temj).  Commonwealth,  descendants, 

417,  491 
Cooper  (Thompson),  on  Bishop  George  Hay,  312 
Cooper  (W.  D.)  on  Titus  Gates  at  Hastings,  415 
Coppice,  its  pronunciation,  274 
Cork  periodicals,  113,  345 

Corneille  (Pierre),  and  the  Spani.-,h  dramatists,  239 
Corney  (Bolton)  on  MU\is  Donatus'  Grammar,  6 
Bargrave  (Canon)  and  Cornelius  Jansen,  172 
Bayeux  tapestry — Wadard,  316 
Hogarth  (William),  biography,  231 
"  Out  of  God's  blessing  into  the  warm  sun,"  463 
Thomson  (James),  portraits,  415 
Cornub.  on  journal  tenij).  Charles  L,  235 

Earthwork  representations  of  animals,  308 
Dunwich  relic,  455 
Shelley's  "  Cloud,"  428 
Stourbridge  Fair,  443 
Corp  ere  or  criadh,  375 
Cosin  (Dr.  Richard),  civilian,  300 
Cottiford  (Anne),  her  baptism,  331 
Cottle  family,  376,  529 
County  keepers,  236 

Courland  (John  Ernest  Biron,  Dake  oQ,  24,  160 
Court  martial,  regimental,  evidence,  313,  425 
Courtois  on  bows  and  arrows,  245 

Fire-locks  temp,  the  Civil  Wars,  245 
CoTarJ  (J.  H.)  on  Edward  Norgate's  burial,  62 


540 


INDEX. 


Cowper  (J.  M.)  on  Chardeqweyns,  485 
Charles  II.  421,  485 
Quarter-master,  501 
ilorning's  pride,  529 
Wellingborough  church,  387 
Cowper  (\Vm.)  "  John  Gilpin,''  420 
Coypel  (Antoine),  medals,  46 
Cozens  (John),  water-colour  painter,  294,  407 
C.  (R.)  on  Smollett's  "  Humphrey  Clinker,"  491 
C.  (R.)  Cincinnati,  on  "Appeal  for  Caineria,"  438 
Crackenthorpe  (Dr.  Richard),  portrait,  55 
Crampe-ring  explained,  443,  444 
Cranley  (Thomas),  biography,  520 
Cranmer  family,  25,  66,  175 

Crawley  (C.  Y.)  on  Gloucestershire  cure  for  toothache, 
233 
Scots  money,  315 
Crawley  (Francis),  two  judges,  177 
Crest-Book  illuminated,  452 
Creswell  (Susanna),  epitaph,  175 
Criminals,  their  portraits,  24 
Critchill,  CO.  Dorset,  its  celebrities,  104 
Cromlechs  in  Ireland,  137 
Cromwell  family,  207,  304,  325,  467 
Cromwell  (Oliver),  tablet  in  old  Kensington  church,  55, 

185;  sailing  for  America,  75 
Cromwell   (Thomas  Lord),   singer  and  comedian,  74, 

122,  246 
Crosbie  (Andrew),  of  the  Scottish  bar,  75,  145,  222. 

261 
Crosier  held  in  the  right  hand,  192 
Crossing  the  line,  ceremonies  on,  177,  324 
Crossley  (James)  on  Dr.  Byrom's  verses,  202 

Jackson  (Dr,  Cyril),  267 
Crossman  (Samuel),  hymn,  65 
Crow,  its  derivation,  385 
Croydon  parish  church,    bells   and    deeds,   231,   346; 

church  monuments,  346,  431 
Crux  on  the  derivation  of  Slade,  451 
Eonndels,  226 
Swan  marks,  428 
C.  (S.)  on  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller's  account  books,  11 
C.  (T.)  on  crossing  the  line,  324 
C.  (U.)  on  proverb  on  the  spider,  67 
Cucking-stool,  instrument  of  torture,  172 
Cnllen  (Robert),  advocate,  491 
Cumberiand  (Wm.  Augustus,  Duke  of),  his  natural 

children,  257 
Curwen  (John  Christian),  noticed,  471 
Cnsack  family,  527 

Cusack  (Jack),  epigram  on,  272,  410,  528 
C.  (W.)  on  Hitchcock,  a  spinet-maker,  225 
C.  (W.  F.)  on  psalm  and  hymn  tunes,  126 
C.  (W.  R.)  on  a  bold  preacher,  488 
C.  (X.)  on  the  derivation  of  Collins,  406 
Gordon  family  and  clan,  260 
Gray  (Lord),  of  Gray,  234 
Rome  pronounced  Room,  65 
Smollett's  "  Humphrey  Clinker,"  353 
Wager  of  battle,  463 
Cynthia's  dragon  yoke,  365 
Cyril  on  Franklin's  Prayer-Book,  496 
John  Search,  511 
U.  P.  spells  May  Goslings,  532 


D. 


D,  on  Henry  Aiken,  artist,  516 

Baronets  of  Ireland,  409 

Darwin,  i.e.  the  liver  Derwent.  17G 

Macaronic  character  of  Pitt,  295 

Passage  in  Lord  Bacon,  496 

Swift  (Dick),  his  portrait,  117 
D.  (A.)  on  Wymondham  pie,  332 
D'Abrichcourt  family,  266,  3S7 
Dale  (Wm.),  his  longevity,  310 
Daleth  on  Sir  Billy  of  Billericay.  233 
Dalmahoy  family,  8,  200,  244,  302 
Dalton   (J.)  on  dancing  before  the   altar   in   Seville 
cathedral,  132 

Dante  query,  62 

Ximenez  and  the  burning  of  Arabic  MSS.,  169 
D'Alton  (John),  Irish  genealogist,  death,  88 
Dancing  in  church,  132,  175,  207,  244,  326,  392 
Dante,  his  exile,  136;  heathen  myths,  23;  translation 
of  "  Inferno,"  115,  206;  translation  of  a  passage,  61 
136,  143,  185,  265,  340,  465 
Dap,  its  derivation,  46,  448 
Darien,  Scotch  colony  of,  398,  469 
Darius  Codomanus,  picture  of  his  death,  22 
Dark  moon,  a  woman's  secret  savings,  194 
Darwell  (Rev.  John),  musical  composer,  115,  409,  529 
Darwin  [Dei-went],  a  river  in  Derbyshire,  176 
D'Assas  (the  Chevalier),  family  peiisii)n,  34 
Davidson  (John)  on  Aberdeen  cathedral,  245 

Badge  of  the  second  regiment,  24 

Horns  in  German  heraldry,  207 

Monsquetaires,  427 

Names  of  anonymous  arms,  313 

Psalter,  arms  in  one,  325 
Davies  (E.  C.)  on  Bible  and  key  superstition,  294 

Flint  Jack,  365 
Davies  (F.  E.)  on  Highland  pistols,  519 

India-rubber  and  rust,  456 

Willow  pattern,  300 
Davies  (J.  B.)  on  assemblies  of  birds,  306 

'•  Come,  gentle  sleep,"  &c.,  450 

Wheeler's  Horace,  306 

Xenon ;  "  Polymanteia,"  306 
Davies  (Samuel),  "  The  Treacherous  Husband,"  175 
Davis  (J.  E.)  on  occurrences  in  Edinburgh,  287 
Dawson  family,  20,  47,  166 
Dawson  (Henry),  Alderman  of  Newcastle,  20,  47 
Dawson  (W.  0.)  on  Leicester  town  librarj-,  225 
Day  (Martha),  "  Literary  Remains,"  95 
D.  (C.)  on  Croydon  church,  431 
D.  (C.  E.)  on  derivation  of  Glasgow,  42 
D.  (E.  A.)  on  "  Corruptio  oplimi  pessima,"  390 
Dean  (J.  W.)  on  Sir  Nathaniel  Rich,  256 

Nathaniel  Ward's  works,  237 
Deane  (Admiral  Richard),  the  regicide,  417,  482,  503, 

512 
Death-spells  in  India,  180 
Debentures  explained,  47 
Deering  (Nathaniel),  dramatist,  325 
De  Foe  (Daniel),  "  True  Born  Englishman,"  315,  364 
Degrees,  when  first  conferred,  22 
"  Dei  Gratia,"  origin  of  the  style,  499 
Dekker  and  Ford,  date  in  "  The  Sun's  Dariing,"  478 
Delhi,  its  Christian  King  in  1403-6,  152 


INDEX. 


541 


Dellion  ( Apollinaire),  "  Armoriel  Historique  du  Canton 

Dison  (James  Henry)  on  Marseillaise  music,  325 

du  Valais,"  375 

IMottoes  of  saints,  487 

Dempster  (George),  a  Junius  claimant,  20'! 

Phillips  (Sir  Richard),  works,  408 

Denham  Court,  near  Uxbridge,  96 

Punning  mottoes,  366 

Denkmal  on  Tennyson's  "  Elaine,"  215 

Smyth  (Miles),  '^  Psalms,"  420 

Dennis  (John),  his  thunder,  l.')2 

Willow  pattern,  152 

D'Eon  (Chevalier    and  Queen  Charlotte,  209,  2SG 

Wordsworth  and  the  pet  lamb,  330 

De  Quincey  (Thomas),  life  and  works,  397,  488 

D.  (J.)  on  Gavel  =  mallet,  417 

Derby  efSgy  iu  All  Saints'  church,  56,  162 

D.  (J.  B.)  on  Richard  Deane,  the  regicide,  503 

Derby  (James,  7th  Earl  of),  "Private  Devotions,"  287 

Rust  removed  from  metals,  235 

Derbyshire  ballads,  308,  454,  526 

Shank's  Nag,  365 

Derwentwater  family  estates,  450 

D.  (J.  H.)  on  Hannah  Ligbtfoot  343 

D.  (E.  S.)  on  St.  Batolph's,  Northfieet,  church  tower, 

Dk.  on  John  Paslew,  abbot  of  Whalley,  417 

60 

Dob-frere,  its  derivation,  477 

"Deaf  as  a  beetle,"  410 

Docwra  family,  245 

Folk-lore  :  the  hare,  134 

Dodsley   (Robert),  contributors   to   his  "Collection  of 

Horse-chesnut,  67 

Poems,"  172;  "Servitude,"  392 

Inscriptions  on  portraits,  71 

Dodson  (James)  "  Antilogarithmic  Canon,"  327 

Sabbath,  not  merely  a  Puritan  term,  220 

Doges  of  Venice,  their  arms,  390,  511 

De  Scurth  family,  301 

Dogs,  unpublished  anecdotes  of,  454 

Desight,  or  Dissight,  provincialism,  153 

Domus  Conversorum,  377,  428 

Dessein's  hotel  at  Calais,  47 

Donatus  (.Elius),  Grammar,  6 

Devereus  (John  Lord),  noticed,  266 

Dongworth  (Dr.  Richard),  294 

D.  (G.  H.)  on  Lady  Elizabeth  Richardson,  83 

Donovan  (Mary  Ann),  her  longevity,  72 

D.  (H.  P.)  on  "  All  is  lost  save  honour,"  408 

Don  Quixote,  origin  of  the  name,  398 

Camberwell  Club:  Dr.  Ducarel,  149 

Dorchester  House,  Westminster,  312 

Caracci  (Anaibale),  picture  by  him,  22 

D.  (0.  T.)  on  the  meaning  of  Abbe,  95 

Christening  sermon,  67 

Calligraphy,  works  on,  291 

Chess,  its  antiquity,  389 

Overton  (R.)  "  Man  wholly  mortal,"  458 

Claimants  to  the  throne,  post.  Elizabeth,  447 

Translations  of  the  books  of  Hindoos,  etc.,  478 

Cromwell  (Lord  Thomas),  a  singer,  122,  246 

Dowie  (John),  song  on  his  famed  ale,  77 

Cusack  and  Luttrell  epigrams,  410 

Downs  (A.)  on  Blatchington,  Sussex,  85 

Dryden  queries,  1 60 

D.  (P.  A.)  on  Hamlet:  "House  the  devil,"  22 

Epitaph  on  a  cavalier,  531 

Drake  (Sir  Francis),  inscription  on  his   portrait,  72; 

George  IV.  and  his  Queen,  531 

monument  at  Olfen burgh,  195 

Hare  (Bp.)  satirical  pamphlet,  45 

Dramatists  of  Spain,  289 

Historical  queries,  246 

Drapers'  Company,  history  of,  298 

Jews  during  the  Commonwealth,  264 

Drayton  (Michael),  "  Legend  of  the  Lord  Cromwell,"  74 

Men's  heads  covered  in  church,  223 

Dreams  and  signs,  193 

Punning  mottoes,  223,  262 

Dreghorn  (John  Maclaurin,  Lord),  Scottish  judge,  26, 

Southern  (Thomas),  450 

261 

Vicar  and  Curate,  lines  on,  389 

Dryden  (John),  queries,  135,  160   174;  "Address  to 

Waller  (Edmund),  quoted,  334 

Lord  Clarendon,"  115;  supposed  author  of  a  ballad. 

Dial  inscription  in  Seaham  church,  33;  at  Pisa,  123,388 

"  Of  a  noble  race  was  Shenkin,"  316,  348 

Diamond,  the  Koh-i-Nur,  213 

Drysalter,  his  line  of  business,  381 

"  Diamond"  and  "  Humbletonian,"  race-horses,  96,  219 

D.  (S.  R.)  on  William  Balcombe,  193 

Diamond  necklace,  the  story  of,  247 

D.  (S.  W.)  on  Albert  Durer's  "  Knight,"  &c.,  390 

Dickinson  (Sir  John),  Knt.  M.P.,  193 

■  D.  (T.  C.)  on  John  Search,  464 

Dilamgerbeiidi,  its  derivation,  284 

"DuUin  Christian  Instructor,"  115,  187,  285 

Dineley  (Thomas),  manuscripts,  293 

Ducarel  (Dr.  A.  C.)  and  the  Camberwell  Club,  149 

Dirleton,  earldom,  200 

Ducks  and  drakes,  antiquity  of  the  pastime,  139 

"  Discourse  of  the  Catholic  Faith,"  MS.,  398 

"  Duenna,"  composers  of  the  music,  393 

Dixon  (J.)  on  hair  standing  on  end,  305 

Dugdale  (Sir  Wm.),  "  History  of  Warwickshire,"  93 

Horns  in  German  heraldry,  107 

Dunbar  (E,  D.)  "  Social  Life  in  Former  Days,"  192, 

Sharp  (William),  surgeon,  497 

390,  485,  532 

Vowel  changes,  223,  447,  525 

Dunce,  its  derivation,  375 

Wyeth,  Shaksperiaa  commentator,  37 

Dundas  (Col.  Bolden),  military  order,  141 

Dixon  (James  Henry)  on  an  old  ballad,  150,  392 

Dunfermline  Abbey,  seal,  469 

Brignoles,  455 

Dunfermline  earldom,  442 

"  Count  of  Gabalis,"  69 

Dunkin  (A.  J.)  on  proverb  on  spiders,  32 

Dancing  in  church,  392 

Dunwick  relic,  455,  509 

Dellion's  "  Armoriel  Historique,"  375 

Durer  (Albert),  "  Knight,  Death,  and  the  Devil,"  9."! 

Florentine  custom,  438 

222,  390 

Gambrinus  and  Noah,  331 

Dutch  and  other  languages,  works  on,  25,  119,  205 

"Gluggity  Glug,"  327 

Dutch  ballad,  19,  205 

Goldsmith  (Oliver),  graduate  of  Padua,  175 

Dutch  custom,  26,  48                                                    ' 

542 


INDEX. 


D.  (W.)  on  pew  from  podium,  501 

Slonsquetaires,  427 

Scottish  Highlanders  i.i  America,  397 
D.  (Vv'.)  Kennington,  on  J.  J.  A.  FiUiniiam,  260 
D.  (W.  L.)  on  Flintoft's  chant,  391 
Dyers'  Company,  its  history,  333 
Dykes  C.  (J.)  on  Bamblepuppy,  4? 6 


Eagle  of  Sicily,  an  heraldic  bird,  215 

Eagle  of  the  German  empire,  436 

Ealing  great  school,  105 

Earthwork  representations  of  animals,  398 

East  India  Company,  works  on,  381 

Eboracum  on  Tancred  family,  124 

Eclipses  applied  to  Itomaii  history,  234,  304,  403 

E.  (C.  M.)  on    "  An   Advocate  of   Keve.ileu  Truth," 

166 
E.  (D.)  on  Eoo-dee  in  Chester,  238 
Eden,  on  portraits  of  the  Earl  of  AuckL.nd,  294 
Edgar  family,  175 
"  Edinburgh  Catholic  Magazine,"  3 
Edinburgh  occuiTences  in  1G88,  96;  203,  287 
Edinburgh,  provosts  of,  55,  1 63 
Edward  I,  his  Itinerary,  29,  83,  124 
Edward  II.,  his  Itinerary,  29,  83,  124 
Edward  VI.,  commission  of  visitation,  399 ;  couplet  on 

his  Mass,  34 
Edwards  fRev.  AVm.)  on  Dr.  R.  Dongworth,  294 
Egan  (Pierce),  Jan.,  on  Zeiio,  "  Polymanteia,"  etc.,  215 
Eglinton  tournament,  21,  66,  162  ' 
Egypt,  its  place  in  history,  492 
E.  (H.)  OB  the  Jews  temp,  the  Commonwealth,  264 
E.  (H.  A.)  on  portrait  of  Henry  Marten,  115 
Eirionnach  on  Bernard  and  Lecliton  families,  1S4 

Boetius,  Oxford  ver.-ion,  1674,  195 

Lee  (Samuel)  and  Christopher  Kelly,  375 

Owen's  '•  Puritan  turned  Jesuit,"  400 
E.  (K.  P.  D.)  on  tlie  British  Museum  liLr^ry,  212 

Bulls  conferring  pardons,  187 

Britain's  Burse,  487 

Calligraphy,  works  on,  487 

Grammont  (Duke  of),  67 

Kippis's  Biographia  Brifannica,  213 

Literary  names  of  American  authors,  94 

Posts  and  Pavements,  431 

Scotch  colony  of  Darien,  469 

Song,  "  Sir  Andrew's  Dream,"  447 

Winterflood,  a  surname,  167 
E.  (L.)  on  the  Duchy  of  Courland,  160 

Grammar  schools,  137 
Elder  (Wm.),  "  Pearls  of  Eloquence,"  35,  223,  285 
Elections  in  Scotland  in  1722,  52 
Electric  Telegraph,  308 
Elizabeth  (Queen),  burial  of  her  heart,  95;  woodcuts 

of  her  "  Prayer  Book,"  214,  327 
Ellacombe  (H.  T.)  on  William  Au.siin,  388 

Livings  and  tenantry  fields,  203 
Ellis  (Sir  Henry)  on  Luxembourg  in  1593,  369 
Elstob  (Miss  Elizabeth),  biography,  248 
E.  (M.)  Philadelphia,  on  John  WiiLerspoon's  descend- 
ants, 25 
"  Eminent  Women,"  key  to  the  print  of,  354 
Emmet  (RobertJ),  rank  of  his  family,  376 


Endeavour,  as  a  reflective  verb,  448 

English-French  vocabulary,  330 

English  without  articles,  52 

Engravings,  proposed  national  collection  of,  513 

E.  (0.)  on  the  maid  of  Bregenz,  459 

Epigrams : — 

Coleman  (Edward),  the  Jesuit,  273 

Cusack  (Jack),  272 

Luttrell  (Colonel  Henry),  272 

"  Milton,  in  fretful  wedlock  tost,"  417 

New-born  babe,  509 

Says  Clariuda,  "  Though  tears  it  m.iy  cost,"  76 

Epitaphs : — 

Beverley  minster,  52 

Cavalier,  496,  531 

Chambers  (Heniy),  mayor  of  Hull,  52 

Forbes  (William),  455 

Gordon  (Margaret)  at  Ghent,  455 

Hailes  (Lord)  on  his  wife  and  children,  376,  407 

Harding  (Clement),  Westgate,  Canterbury.  311 

Greyfriars  churchyard,  Edinburgh,  491,  512 

Percy  (Henrietta  Maria),  393 

Randolph  (Thomas),  poet,  100 

Richardson  (Lady  Elizabeth),  83 

Rochefoucault  (Fred,  de  Roye  de  la),  425 

Waltham  church,  Essex,  311 
Erasmus  and  Slartin  Luther,  ."3 
Eric,  Canada,  on  Junius  and  the  Francis  papers,  39 

"  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,"  a  passage,  73 

"  Strictures  on  the  Lives  of  Lawyers,"  53 
Erings,  or  Evins  (Cornelius),  impostor,  353 
Ermine  Street,  the  Roman,  130 
E.  (R.  R.  W.)  en  legend  of  the  book  of  Job,  524 
Esquire  applied  to  members  of  societies  incorporated  by 

royal  charter,  312,  425 
"  Essay  for  Catholic  Communion,"  author,  479 
Essex  (Robert  Devereux,  2nd  Earl  of),  burial  of  his 

head,  95 
Essex  (Thomas  Cromwell,  Earl  oQ,  portrait,  71 
Este  on  the  destruciion  of  Priestley's  library,  239 

Jack-a-Bavnell,  466 

"  Penny  Magazine,"  new  series,  325 
Esther  (Queen),  her  gifts,  255 
Eton  College  plays,  376,  467 
Eucharist,  lines  on  the,  66,  140,  225,  315 
"  Evangelical  JIagazine,"  contributors  to,  312 
Evans  (Dr.  John),  "  Epitome  of  Geography,"  97 
E.  (W.)  on  Rome  pronounced  Room,  66 
Ewald  (H.  G.  A.),  oriental  scholar,  106 


F.  on  the  duties  of  archdeacons,  54 

Cranmer  family,  25 

Dalmahoy  family,  8,  302 

Gibson  family,  227 

•'  Glory  and  shame,"  216 

Intended  duel  between  two  peers,  5 1 9 

Scotch  records,  212 
F.  (A.  D.)  on  grapes  preserved  by  the  ancients,  489 
Fagot  bearing,  a  penance,  332 
Fair,  form  for  opening  one  in  the  Border  towns,  27  4 
Farren,  or  Farran  family,  489 


INDEX. 


F.  (C.  W.  F.)  on  cures  of  the  c!ii;;-cougb,  455 

F.  (D.  E.)  on  buttermilk,  107 

Feehily  (Peter)  on  Cork  periodicals,  3-45 

Felton's  dagger,  320,  448 

Fennell  (H.  F.)  on  a  SpAni>li  saying,  490 

Fenwick  (Sir  Jolin),  portrait,  236 

Fert,  the  arms  ot  S:ivoy,  81.  2S2 

F.  (F.)  on  amateur  hop-picking,  45 

Hair  standing  on  end,  305 
F.  (H.  W.)  oa  Kensington  church  and  Ol.ver  Cromwell, 

55 
Field  (H.)  on  medal  of  the  peace  of  Ryswyck,  85 
Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Guld,  list  of  knig'hts,  460 
Fillingham  (Wm.)  literary  antiquary,  260 
Fillinham  (John  Joseph  Ashby),  literary  collector,  260 
Fisher  (Thomas),  M.D.,  his  death,  88,  92,  143 
Fishwick  (H.)  on  advertising,  243 

Armitage,  a  local  name,  242 

Candle- making  :  Gas,  325 

"  Do  as  I  say,  and  not  as  I  do,"  32 

Foxe's  "  Book  of  Martyrs,"  405 

Genealogical  query,  214 

Grammar  schools,  223 

Morning  pride,  529 

Eegimental  court-martial,  425 
Fitzhopkins  on  ballad  queries,  246 

Dennis  (John),  his  thunder,  1 52 

Love  charms,  325 

Meyers  (Geo,)  "  Letters,"  84 

Eeal  Eide  to  York,  440 

Shore  for  sewer,  448 

Short  range,  56 
F.  (J.)  on  Jews  in  England,  235 

Philtres:  love  potions,  401 
F.  (J.  C.  H.)  on  Lord  Coke  and  the  Star  Chamber,  10 
F.  (J.  T.)  on  dial  inscription,  33 

Inscription  on  Angelus  bells,  410 

Old  bell  at  Ornolac,  323 

Pair  of  stairs,  207 
Fleming  (Dr.  Caleb),  "  Apology  for  a  Protestant  Dis- 
sent," 225 
Fletcher  (Eev.  Joseph),  author  of  "  Paradise,"  234 
Flint  Jack,  forger  of  antiquities,  310,  365 
Flint,  Welsh  county,  its  derivation,  35 
Flintoft  (Eev.  Luke),  his  chant,  267,  391,  445,  529 
Florentine  customs,  438,  501 
Flote,  a  substantive,  171 
Flowerdew  (Anne),  poems,  25, 184,  246 

Folk  Lore : — 

Anatolian  folk-lore,  454 

Angels  adored  by  the  Arabs,  180 

Chin-cough,  superstitious  cures  for,  455 

Death-spells  in  India,  180 

Early  English  folk-lore,  188 

Indo-Mahomedan,  180 

Lancashire,  168 

Love  charms,  193,  325  ;  among  Mussulmans,  180 

Luckybird  at  Christmas,  213 

Magic  mirrors  in  India,  180 

Magic  wick  in  Mahomedan  necromancy,  ISO 

Pin  enchantments,  180 

Toothache,  Gloucestershire  cure  for  it,  233 

Warts,  unlucky  to  count  them,  454 

Witch  transformations,  180 
Fontevrault  Abbey  and  the  royal  statues,  259 


Forsfer  (Anthony)  of  Cumnur  Place,  41 
Forster  (Sir  George)  of  Alderma.^ton,  41 
Forster  (Sir  Humphrey),  epitaph,  41 
Fortescue  family,  335,  336 
Fortrose  (Mary  Stewart,  Lady),  portrait,  236 
Foscolo  (Ugo),  correspondence,  437,  526 
Foss  (Edward)  on  the  Dawson  family,  20 
Burch  (Col.  John),  507 
Domus  Conversorum,  428 
Lines  on  the  Eucharist,  225 
Morton  (Archbishoj)),  307 
Fotheringham  family  of  Pourie,  arms,  178 
Fowler  (James)  on  Tacainahac,  2G2 
Fox  (Bp.  Eichard),  inscription  on  his  portrait,  7 1 
Foxe  (John),  "  Book  of  Martyrs,"  1596,  405 
Foxes,  payments  for  destroying,  234 
Frampton  (Eobert),  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  death  of  his 

wife,  278 
France,  the  most  Christian  king's  great  grandmothei-, 

76,  125,  167 
France,  its  old  arms,  121;  its  religious  mysteiies,  476 
Francis  (Sir  Philip),  Junius  claimant,  102,  444 
Franklin   (Benj.)  'and   Chancellor    Wedderburn,     12  ; 

edition  of  the  Prayer  Book,  496  ;  intcription  on  l,is 

bust,  515 
"  Freeman's  catches,"  74 
Freemasons,  bulls  in  favour  of,  12,  183 
French  article  in  the  thirteenth  century,  439 
French  bishops,  arms  of  their  sees,  364 
French  books  on  England,  14 
French  heraldic  terms,  work  on,  237,  345 
French  topography,  works  on,  10,  127,  221 
Frere  (G.  E.)  on  Ealing  great  school,  105 
Friar,  macaronic  description  of  one,  96 
Froome  (Eev.  Eobert),  rector  of  Foike,  1 04 
Froude  (J.  A.)  misprint  in  his  "  History  of  England," 

94 
Fruit  trenchers,'verses  on,  18,  86 
F.  (T.)  on  dancing  before  the  altar,  207 

Hume  (David),  baptism,  515 
Fulbourne,  two  churches  in  one  churchyard,  372 
Fuller  (Dr.  Thomas),  prayer  before  sermon,  518 
Funeral  custom  at  Darlington,  276 
Furnivall  (F.  J.),  passage  in  his  Preface,  232,  2G4 
F.  (W.  J.)  on  othergate=other  way,  184 


G. 

G.  on  Bentley's  ale,  416 

Epitaph  on  a  cavalier,  49  6 

Keith  (Eobert),  portraits,  313 

Wood  (Sir  James),  regiment,  314 
G.  Edinburgh,  on  Cockburn  family,  125 

"Hambletonian  ''  and  "Diamond,"  race  horses,  95 

Justiciary  Court  of  Scotland,  25 

Kythe,  its  meaning,  242 

Leslie  family,  243 

Mar's  work,  303 

Norwegian  earthquake,  287 

Eegimental  court  martial,  313 

Eogers  (Pioddy),  his  history,  56 

Wooden  horse,  instrument  of  punishment,  165 
G.  (A.  B.)  on  Commentary  on  St.  Matthew,  234 
Gab:  "  The  gift  of  the  gab,"  215,  337 
G.  (A.  H.)  on  the  Leslie  family,  354 
Gaillardet  (M.)  "  Me'moire,"  209 


544 


INDEX. 


Galligaii  (ilaiy),  her  longevity,  72 

G.  (A.  M.)  on  Cyriack  Skinner's  family,  12 

Skynner  tbe  regicide,  478 
Gambrinus  and  Noah,  331,  470 
Gantilion   (P.  J.  F.)   on   an  anecdote  respecting  the 
authorized  version  of  the  BiblCj  98 
Betting  in  ancient  times,  120 
Doctonean  well,  168 
Godfrey  (Kev.  H.),  1 62 
Julian,  "  Misopogon,"  1 38 
Qaotation,  168 

Walker  (W.  S.),  Greek  verses,  456 
Garlick  Hill,  origin  of  tbe  name,  504 
Gas  first  used  for  artificial  illumination,  217 
Gatty  (Alfred),  D.D.  on  Felton's  dagger.  320 
Gatty  (JIargaret)  on  dial  inscription.s,  388 
Dante  query,  465 
Honi,  its  derivation,  482 
Ugo  Foscolo,  526 
Gaunt  House,  co.  Oxford,  355 
Gavel=mallet,  417 

G.  (C.  S.)  on  astronomy  and  history,  304 
Battle  of  hay,  363 
Pre- reformation  pews,  338 
G.  (E.)  on  bows  and  arrows,  208 

Jacobite  verses,  153 
George  III.  and  Hannah  Lightfoot,  11,  62,  89,  110, 
131,196,  218,   245,   342,  362,446,484;  Corres- 
pondence with  Lord  North,  108,  142 
George  III.  or  IV.,  picture  of  a  marriage,  194,  214 
George  IV.,   his  first  interview  with  his  Queen,  477, 

530;  hunting  seat  at  Critchill,  104 
Georgia,  seal  of  its  last  king,  312 
German  empire,  eagle  of,  436 
German  heraldry,  horns  in,  107,  207,  325 
G.  (F.  H.)  on  picture-cleaning,  316 
Ghent,  Scottish  burials  at,  455 
Gibson  family  arms,  17f,  227 
Gibson  (J.  H.)  on  Sir  J.  Wood's  regiment,  449 

Victoria  sovereigns,  497 
Gibbon  (Edward),  library,  39,  69 
Giffard  (Bonaventure),  Bishop  of  Madaura,  455,  509 
Gifford  (Humfrey),  "  A  MeiTy  Jest,"  395 
Gillray  (James),  caricaturist,  38,  125 
Gilpin  (Richard),  D.D,,  particulars  wanted,  232 
Gissing  (T.  W.)  on  "  Deaf  as  a  beetle,"  106 
G.  (J.  A.)  on  Sir  T,  Browne's  "  Religio  Medici,"  509 
Low,  a  local  prefix,  25 
Prior  (Matthew),  387 
"U.  P.  K.  spells  goslings,"  161 
Glasgow,  its  derivation,  42,  121,  339 
Glatton,  a  gun-boat,  164,  285 
Glencoe  massacre,  works  on,  297 
Godson  (J.)  on  bell-ringing  club,  437 
Gold  pronounced  goold,  22,  446 
Goldsmith  (Oliver),  graduate  of  Padua,  175,  246 
Goodrich  (Bishop  Thomas),  biography,  520 
_  Gordon  family  and  clan,  260 
'  Gordon  (Gen!  John),  letters  to  him,  309,  364 
Grammar  schools,   their  foundation,   137,   202,    223; 

plays  at,  378 
Grammont  (Duke  of)  and  the  castor  oil,  67 
Grant  (Abbe'),  resident  at  Rome,  439 
Grant  (Alex.)  on  an  election  in  Scotland,  52 
Grant  (Sir  Robert)  hymn,  356 
Grapes  used  at  the  tables  of  the  ancients,  376,  489,511 


Gray  (16th  Lord)  of  Gray,  family,  234 
Greek  Church,  colour  of  its  mourning,  152 
Greek  Church  in  Soho  Fields,  registry  book,  157 
Green  (E.),  "  Forty  Thieves,"  a  drama,  297 
Greenfield  (B.  W.)  on  the  Stonor  family,  335 
Greyfriars     churchyard,    Edinburgh,    epitaphs,    491, 

512 
Grey  Mare's  tail,  co.  Dumfries,  179,224 
Greysteil  on  an  epigram,  76 
Gi-iffin,  its  derivation,  439,  504, 
Grime  on  Napoleon  the  First,  416 
Grosart  (A.  B.)  on  Dr.  Richard  Gilpin,  232 
Grose  (Francis),  "  Advice  to  the  British  Army,"  280 
G.  (S.  E.)  ou  "  The  Peerage  Paralleled,"  519 
Guillotine,  death  by  the,  134,  411,  466 
Guns  and  pistols  temp,  the  civil  war,  115,  187,  245 
G.  (W.  A.)  on  Sir  T.  Browne's  "  Religio  Medici,"  437 
G.  (W.  B.  A.)  on  Glasgow,  its  etymology,  121 

Howell's  "  Dodona's  Grove,"  its  key,  375 

Multrooshill  in  Scotland,  123,  470 

Ogilvie  (Sir  John),  143 


H.  on  passage  in  Lord  Bacon,  531 

Collins,  its  derivation,  486 

Dob-frere,  its  derivation,  477 

Hall  (Bishop  Timothy),  279 

St,  Winnow  church,  arms  in,  499 

"  Stricken  in  Years,"  12 
H.,  Dublin,  on  "  Dublin  Christian  Instructor,"  286 
H.  (A.)  on  Hannah  Lightfoot,  245 

"  Luce  the  fresh  fish,"  462 

Morning's  pride,  529 
Hagley  Hall,  inventory  of  goods,  a.d.  1750,  190 
Hahn  (Dr.  J.  C.)  on  pair  of  stairs,  46 

Dap,  its  derivation,  46 
Hailes  (Lord),  epitaph  oa  his  wife  and  children,  37 

407 
Hair,  false,  used  by  Jewesses,  55,  165 
Hair-burning  in  India,  66,  164,  184 
Hair  standing  on  end,  193,  305,  409 
Hair-tu3ging,  331 

Halket  (Lady  Ann),  "  Memoirs,"  115 
Halkett  (S.)  on  anonymous  work,  225 

Clapham  (Rev.  Samuel),  469 
Hall  (Timothy),  Bishop  of  Oxford,  279 
Halliwell  (J.  0.)  on  Shakspeare's  Bible,  12 
" Hambletonian "  and  "Diamond,"   race   between,  S 

219,  241 
Hamilton  (James)  of  Bothwellhaugh,  453,  502 
Hamlet  with  the  part  of  Hamlet  omitted,  518 
Hamst  (Olphar)  on  anagrammatic  pseudonyms,  496 

"  Histoire  des  Diables  Modernes,"  463 
Hanby  Hall,  co.  Lincoln,  238 
Harding  (Clement),  epitaph,  311 
Hare  in  the  city  of  Ely,  134 
Hare  (Bp.  Francis),  satirical  pamphlet,  45,  84 
Harfra  on  the  meaning  of  bulse,  347 
Painter  wanted,  167 
Megilp  :  McGuelp,  its  orthography,  417 
Harington  (E.  C.)  on  change  of  name,  202 

Sealing  the  stone,  527 
Harlowe  (S.  H.)  on  LincolDshire  bagpipes,  171 
Roundels  :  verses  on  fruit  trenchers,  1 8 


INDEX. 


545 


Harp  first  introduced  into  Europe,  214,  391 

H.  (F.  C.)  on  Inscriptions  on  bells  of  St.  Andrews,  508 

Harris  (H.)  on  Dante's  exile,  136 

Inscription  at  Cliampe'ry,  22 

Harrison  (C.  M.)  on  Olympia  Morata,  297 

"  Key  of  Paradise,"  286 

Hart  (W.  H.)  on  Itineraries  of  Edward  I.  and  II.,  29, 

Moonwort,  a  plant,  182 

124 

Mottoes  of  saints,  331 

Junius:  Q.  in  the  corner,  100 

Night  a  counsellor,  530 

Hartshorne  (Rev.  C.  H.),  "  Itineraries  of  Edward  I. 

Octave  days  in  the  English  church,  243,  489 

and  II.,"  29,  83 

0  mihi  Beate  Marline,  346 

Hausted  (Peter),  epitaph  on  T.  Randolph,  100 

Old  saying,  192 

Hay  (Dr.  Geo.)  R.  C.  bishop,  312,  427 

Paintings  on  rood-screens,  112 

Hazlitt  (William),  Memoirs,  348;  Leigh  Hunt's  letters 

Paper  of  the  olden  time,  252 

to,  4 

St.  Andrew's  martyrdom,  345 

Hazlitt  (Wm.  Carew)  on  autographs  in  books,  252 

St.  Barbe,  265 

Letters  of  Lei^h  Hunt,  4 

St.  Bernard's  hymn,  "  Jesu  dulcis  raemoria,"  271 , 

H.  (B.  L.)  on  Sir  W.  Scott's  literary  friends,  457 

468 

H.  (C.)  on  Ben  Rhydding,  114 

St.  Hilary's  day,  243 

Cawthorne  feast,  292 

St.  Gregory  the  Great,  his  saying,  509 

"  Lazar-house  of  human  woes,"  166 

Sealing  the  stone,  527 

Lightfoot  (Hannah),  245 

Slingsby  (Sir  Henry),  183 

Pontefract,  its  etymology,  135 

Stoner  family,  183 

Virgil  and  the  singing  of  birds,  451 

Torches  of  olden  time,  184 

Willow  pattern,  461 

Willow  pattern,  298 

H.  (E.)  on  Llanidloes  charities,  439 

H.  (G.)  on  Cockington  church  tower,  60 

Head  after  decapitation,  135,  466 

H.  (G.  J.)  on  works  on  Tangier,  379 

Heaii  (Sir  Edmund)  on  "  The  Noble  Moringer,"  424 

H.  (H.)  on  "  The  cold  shade  of  aristocracy,"  216 

Heald  (W.  C.)  on  baptism  by  Swedenborgians,  47 

H.  (H.  F.)  on  Coypel's  medals,  46 

Hungarian  superstition,  113 

Higgins  (H.  W.)  on  hair  standing  on  end,  409 

Heard  family,  37 

Highland  pistols,  519 

Hearne  (Thomas),  noticed,  479 

Hildyard  (Wm.)  on  burial  of  Richard  I.,  258 

Heathen  sacrifices  in  Britain,  193,  451 

Hill  (Rev.  John),  Independent  minister,  296 

Heber  (Bp.  Reginald),  an  impromptu,  52 

Hill  (Rev.  Mr.)  inquired  after,  456 

Heineken  (E.  Y.)  on  two-faced  pictures,  423 

Himultruda,  concubine  of  Charlemagne,  12 

Hell  Lane,  Bilston,  493 

Hindoos  and  Buddhists,  translations  of  their  books,  478 

Helwayne,  its  derivation,  23 

Hip  and  thigh  explained,  76 

Henderson  (Wm.)  on  Heathen  sacrifices  in  Britain,  193 

Hitchcock  (Thomas),  spinet  maker,  55,  225 

Hymeneal  queries,  175 

H.  (J.)  on  moonwort,  a  plant,  182 

Henley  (1st  and  2nd  Lords),  portraits,  294 

H.  (J.  C.)  on  Pain's  Hill,  451 

Henrietta  Maria  (Queen),  Tyburn  penance,  435 

H.  (J.  J.)  on  the  Stonor  family,  1 16 

Heraldic  terms,  work  on  French,  237,  345 

H.  (L.  L.)  on  betting,  45 

Herb  pudding,  477,  528 

Jackson  (Col.  J.  R  ),  death,  45 

Herebericht,  presbyter,  monument,  61 

Liddell  family,  404 

Heretic,  declension  of  one,  311 

Hobbs  (Thomas),  portraits,  31,  170 

Hermagoras  on  a  Paul  Veronese  picture,  354 

Hocbed,  its  meaning,  256 

Heme  family,  295 

Hodgkin  (J.  E.)  on  birth  of  Napoleon  11.,  287 

Hertford  family  claimants  to  the  throne,  175, 246,  344, 

Toads,  the  old  arms  of  France,  121 

447 

Hogarth  (William),  biography,  231 

Hey  (Richard)  LL.D.,   dramatic  writings,   115,  206, 

Hoker  (John),  "  Piscator,  or  the  Fisher  Caught,"  98 

304 

Hola-luca-esta,  Indian  bird,  256 

H.  (F.  C.)  on  Abbd,  its  meaning,  161 

Holland,  the  Gueux,  or  Beggars,  98 

Angels  of  the  churches,  185 

Hollis  (C.  A.)  on  Chardeqweyns,  380 

Book  dedicated  to  the  Virgin  Mary,  66 

Holwell  (Henry)  on  Nathaniel  Deering,  325 

Boeuf  Gras,  or  fat  ox,  procession,  213 

Holy  Isles,  list  of,  496 

Bull  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  436 

Homer,  Iliad  ix.  313,  quoted,  24,  123,  143 

Catchem's  End,  448 

Honesty,  lunaria  biennis,  a  plant,  96,  182 

Catholic  periodicals,  2,  29,  155,  265 

Hoop  petticoats  and  the  Quakers,  73 

Cement  for  organs  and  pianoforte  keys,  255 

Hon  (H.  le)  on  the  equinoxes,  456,  530 

Consecration  of  churches,  358 

Honi,  its  meaning  and  etymology,  331,  481 

Christ  a  yoke  maker,  507 

Hop.picking  by  amateurs,  45,  506 

Eglinton  tournament,  66 

Hopton  family,  grant  to,  524 

Florentine  custom,  501 

Hoptoun  (1st  Earl  of),  anecdote,  498 

Georgia,  seal  of  the  last  king,  312 

Horns  in  German  heraldry,  107,  207,  325 

Gifi'ard  (Bishop),  etc.,  509 

Hornsby  (Thomas),  M.D.,  biography,  295 

Hay  (Bishop),  427 

Horse-chestnut,  its  derivation,  45,  67,  123,  241 

Heretic  declined,  311 

Horse-laugh,  its  etymology,  242 

Horse  chesnut,  its  derivation,  241 

Horses,  grey  ones  in  Dublin,  353,  508 

Illuminated  missal,  22 

Horton  (Col.)  parliamentarian,  153,  363 

546 


INDEX. 


Hoskyns-Abrahall  (Jobn),  juu.,  on  etymology  of  Christ- 
mas-box, 164 

Kell  Well,  145 

Lnngland  (Wm.  de),  383 

Weliinfjborough  church  dedication,  243 
Hotten  (J.  C.)  on  Morning's  pride,  457 
Hours,  illuminated  books  of,  22 
Hours  of  Divine  service  and  meals  temp.  James  I.,  7  7 
Howard,  origin  of  the  name,  84 

Howard  (Robert)  on  livings  in  agricultural  districts,  126 
Howard  (Col.  Thomas),  portrait,  55 
Howell  (James),  key  of  '•  Dodona's  Grove,"  375;  list  of 

his  works,  263 
H.  (S.)  on  the  battle  of  Ivry,  269 

Merci:  thanks,  66 

O'Connell  (Daniel)  on  hiring  of  informers,  515 
Hudson  (Henry),  the  navii,'ritnr,  13 
Hume  (Daniel),  baptism,  515 
Hume  (David)  anecdote,  292 
Hunt  (James  Henry  Leigh),  letters,  4 
Hunt  (Wm.)  on  altar-piece  at  St.  Martin's  in  tlie  Fields, 

54 
Huntingdon  family  claimants  to  the  throne,  17.5,246, 

344 
Husk  (W.  H.)  on  Clerkenwell  natives'  meeting,  334 

Hands  on  old  clocks,  465 

"  Of  noble  race  was  Shenkin,"  451 
Hutchinson  family  vaults  at  Croydon,  346,  431 
Hutchinson  (P.)  on  ancient  stone  coffins,  281 

Croydon  parish  registers,  346 

Slade,  its  derivation,  346 

Stone  in  keystone,  383 
H.  (N.)  on  dreams  and  signs,  193 

"  Norrepod,  or  the  Enraged  Physician,"  295 
H.  (W.)  on  Abp.  Whately's  puzzle,  530 
Hyam  (S.  J.)  on  psahn  and  hymn  tunes,  40 
Hydrophobic  patients  smothered,  376 
Hymnology:  '•  We  speak  of  the  realms  of  the  bless'd," 
232;  "Ah,  lovely  appearance  of  death,"  414;  "When 
gathering  clouds,"  356 


Icelandic  literature,  256 

Immaculate  Conception,  translations  of  the  Bull,  436 

Incomer,  its  meaning,  187 

Index,  General  Literary,  Index  of  Collections,  210,  473 

India  rubber,  preservative  from  rust,  456 

Indo-Mahomedan  folk-lore,  180 

Ingall  (Henry)  on  the  needle's  eye,  S23 

Ingelo  (Nathaniel),  D.D.,  "  Bcntivolio  and  Urania,"  401 

Ingledew  (C.  J.  D.)  on  Thomas  Southern,  450 

Inglis  (Pi.)  on  Abp.  Adamson's  "  Herod,"  442 

Ingpen  (Thomas),  drama  '■  Matilda,"  442 

Inn  sign:  "  The  Eose  of  Normandy,"  113 

Innes  (G.)  letter  to  General  Gordon,  309 

Innes  (Thomas),  "  Salisbury  Liturgy  used  in  Scotland," 

188 
Instinct  of  a  cat,  204 
Interest  and  usury,  convertible  terms,  276 
Inventions,  old  ones  suj)posed  to  be  modern,  254 
I.  (R.)  on  American  poets,  95 

Anglo-Indian  literature,  294 

Anonymous  poems,  516 

Blair  (Samuel),  455 


I.  (R.)  on  Canston  (J.  D.),  minor  poet,  331 

Dramas  in  manuscript,  297 

Eton  College  plays,  376 

Etonian  periodical,  477 

"Evangelical  Magazine,"  contributors,  312 

Fletcher  (Rev.  Joseph),  "  Paradise,"  234 

Hey  (Dr.  Richard),  dramatic  works,  115 

Irish  dramas,  175 

Jaffray  (W.),  dramatist,  312 

Plays  at  English  Grammar  schools,  378 

Plays  in  manuscript,  442 

Scandinavian  literature,  378 

Shrewsbury  grammar  school,  plays,  354 

"  Solomon's  Song  Paraphrased,"  77 
Ireland,  a  Chronicle  of  its  Affairs,  188;  its  invasion  by 

the  Danes,  188 
Ireland  before  the  Union,  512 
Irish  baronets,  409 
Irish  confiscations  of  land,  496 
Irish  cromlechs,  137 

Irish  manuscripts  in  the  British  Museum,  181 
Irish  pamphlets,  anonymous,  9 
Irish  settlement  at  Montserrat,  97 
Irving  (Geo.  Yere)  on  Battle  of  Bauge',  120  I 

Blood  is  thicker  than  water,  103 

Cheese  Well,  its  derivation,  22 

Crosbie  (Andrew),  145 

Deaf  as  a  beetle,  167 

Dalmahoy  family,  244,  302 

"  Gift  of  the  gab,"  337 

Glasgow,  its  derivation,  42 

Grey  Mare's  Tail,  224 

Grey  Friars  churchyard,  epitaphs,  491 

Hamilton  (James)  of  Bothwelihaugh,  502 

Itineraries  of  Edward  I.  and  II.,  83 

Lanarkshire  families,  362,  425 

Linkumdeddie,  its  locality,  77 

Proverbial  sayings,  360 

Quarter-master,  &c.,  501 

Scotch  records,  263 

Sect,  a  local  prefix,  155,  283 

Scottish  valuation  rolls,  217 
Irwin  (Mr.),  heraldic  artist,  255 
Isabey  (J.  Bapt.)  and  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  438 
Isis  and  the  Ce'sar,  battle  between,  128 
Ivry,  the  battle  of,  269,  426 


J.  on  the  meaning  of  Bulse,  254 

Christmas-box,  its  derivation,  246 
Multursheaf,  its  meaning,  303 
J.  (A.)  on  etymology  of  Balmoral,  177 

Scotch  jacobi'te  letters,  309 
Jack  a  Barnell,  provincialism,  353,  466  . 
"Jack  the  Giant  Killer,"  early  editions,  520 
Jackdaw,  its  habits,  416 
Jackson  (Dr.  Cyril),  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  229,  267, 

319, 448 
Jackson  (J.  E.)  on  Thomas  Lucy,   and  the  Earl  of 

Leicester's  players,  349 
Jackson  (.John),  MS.  book  of  precedents,  376 
Jackson  (Col.  J.  R.),  his  death,  45 
-Jackson  (S.)  on  ballad  queries,  185,  403 
Byron  (Lord)  suppressed  poem,  477 


INDEX. 


547 


Jackson  (S.)  County  liistories  by  Allen,  455 

Lee  (Thomas),  the  Craven  murderer,  115 

Men's  heads  covered  in  church,  430 

Quotation  wanted,  470 

Koe  (Harry),  the  judges'  trumpeter,  331 

Shelley's  ''Sensitive  Plant,"  397 
Jacobite  letters  and  documents,  309,  314,  364 
Jacobite  verses,  153,  305 
Jaffray  (W.)  dramatic  writer,  312 
James  I.,  letter  to  the  King  of  Navarre,  8 
Jamin  families  in  Great  Britain,  456 
Jansen  (Ccrnelius),  painter,  17'2 
Japygian  Peninsula,  barrows  in,  516 
Jaivey,  its  demise  as  a  slang  word,  475 
Jnson  and  Jledea,  German  prints  of,  518 
Jaydee  on  Desiiilit :   Dissight,  153 

Froude's  History  of  England,"  94 

Dunbar's  "  Social  Life  in  Former  Days,"  485 

"  Les  Anglais  s'amusaient  tristement,"  87 

Proverbial  phrases,  378 

Queen  Mary  I.  and  Calais,  381 

Eumford  (Count),  443 

Servants'  tea  and  sugar,  192 

Teagne,  an  Irish  name,  296 
J.XC.)  on  Browne's  "  Pipe  of  Tobacco,"  21 

Jackson's  M.S.  book  of  Precedents,  376 
J.  (E.)  on  etymology  of  topsy  turvey,  77 
Jebb  (Fred.)  ''  Letters  of  Guatimoziu,"  9 
Jefwellis,  a  term  of  contempt,  355 
Jennens  family,  10 
Jennings  family,  10 
Jenyns  family,  10 

Jerusalem,  its  Abyssinian  community,  151 
Jesuits'  books  burnt  at  Paris,  10,  85 
Jewitt  (Llewellynn)  "Derbyshire  Ballads,"  454,  526 
Jewish  fines  and  penalties,  377 
Jews  in  Cornwall,  456 
Jews  in  England  in  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth, 

235,  264 
J.  (I.)  on  hymn  by  Charles  Wesley,  490 
J.  (J.  C.)  on  caricatures,  75, 

Caution  to  book  buyers,  63 

JIanuscripts,  their  age  ascertained,  275 

Pews  before  the  Reformation,  107,  339,  500  j 
J.  (J.  W.)  on  poem  "  Hail !  noble  Muse,"  36 

"  Sweet  Shakspeare,"  401 
Job,  legend  of  the  book  of,  377,  524 
"  Joe  the  Marine,"  a  ballad,  356 
Johnny  Cake,  21,  146 
Johnson  (Dr.  Samuel),  his  bad  maimers,  46;  dines  on 

palfrey,  177 
Johnstone  (Lieut.Col.  James),  family,  234 
Jollv,  an  old  word,  67.  161,  366 
Jones  (David),  the  Welsh  freeholder,  292,  409 
Jones  (John),  "  The  Tower  of  Babel,"  33 
Jones  (Wm.)  father  of  Sir  Wm.  Jones,  397 
Jorio  (Andrea  di),  work  on  Pompeii,  256,  301 
Jorum,  explained,  421 
Josephus  on  marriage  ring,  115,  380 
Jourdan  (M.  Louis),  "Un  Hermaphrodite,"  209 
J.  (P.)  on  moonwoit,  a  herb,  96 
J.  (R.  A.)  on  etymology  of  Balmoral,  306 
J.  (S.)  on  sundry  proverbs,  469 
J.  (T.  E.)  on  the  office  of  high  sheriif,  398 
Judgment,  mediaeval  distich  on  the  last,  393,  469 
Julian,  translations  of  his  "  Misopogon,"  138,  344 


Junius   Letters,  444;  Q.  in  the  corner,  36,  100;  the 
Francis  papers,  39;  ''Letters  from  Albemarle  Street 
to  the  Cocoa  Tree,"  58 ;  report  of  Earl  of  Chatham's 
speech,  102;  the  burning  of  Jesuitical  books  at  Paris, 
10,  85;  George  Dempster,  a  claimant,  204 
Justiciary  Court  of  Scotland,  25 
Juvenis  on  parody  on  "  Hohenlinden,"  419 
Juxoa  (Abp.  Wm.)  residence  at  Chastleton  94,  162 
Juxta  Turrim  on  Wm.  D'Abrichcourt,  387 
Dante  query,  62,  207 
Orange  flower,  a  bride's  decoration,  45 
Pisacane  (Carlo),  184 
Ring  of  espousals  from  our  Saviour,  313 
J.  (W.  E.)  on  Rev.  James  Burgess,  193 
J.  (W.  S.)  on  Dilamgerbendi,  284 
Shelley's  "  Adonais,"  163 


K.  on  derivation  of  Christmas-bos,  245 

Congreve  (Wm.)  the  dramatist,  280 

Eucharist,  lines  on,  315 

Jones  (David),  Welsh  freeholder,  409 

Teague,  an  Irish  name,  449 
Keble  (John),  alteration  in  "  The  Christian  Year,"  103; 

hymn  for  the  Third  Sunday  in  Lent,  35 
Keightley  (T.)  on  beauty  unfortunate,  517 

Collins  (William),  270,  350,  371 

Confusion  of  proper  names,  330 

Prior  (Matthew)  and  Collins,  270 
Keith  (Robert),  portraits,  313 
K.  (Eleanore)  on  Boley,  Rochester,  124 
Kell  Well,  its  derivation,  24,  66,  145 
Kelly  (Chris.)  "  Solomon's  Temple  Spiritualized,"  375, 

486 
Kelly  (Wm.)  on  buildings  commenced  at  the  north-east 
corner,  438 

Longevity  in  Leicestershire,  310 

Penn  family,  203 

"  The  Temple  of  Solomon,"  486 
Kendrick(Dr.Wm.)  "The  Whole  Duty  of  Woman,"  4S0 
Kennedy  (H.  A.)  on  block  on  which  Charles  I.  was  be^ 
headed,  164 

Death  by  the  guillotine,  134 

Chess,  its  history,  488 

Naked  bed,  51 

Woman's  love,  304 
Kensington  church,  Oliver  Cromwell's  tablet,  55,  1S5, 

207,  304 
Kent,  the  tenures  of,  48 
Kent  (Lady  Margaret,  Countess  of)  and  the  precinct  of 

Whitefriars,  55 
Kentish  topography,  314,  488 
Key-cold,  examples  of  its  use,  171 
"  Key  of  Paradise,"  175,  286 
Keys,  the  House  of.  Isle  of  Man,  259 
K.  (G.  R.)  on  Early  English  Text  Society,  232 

Pair  of  stairs,  327 

Shelley's  "Cloud,"  reading  in,  311 
K.  (H.)  on  palindromic  verse,  504 
Kidder  family,  497 

Kidder  (Bishop),  his  Autobiography,  477 
Kighley  (G.  F.)  on  Bishop  Hay,  427 
Kilbread  in  Dumfriesshire,  its  loch,  153 
Killigrew  (Henry)  groom  to  James  II.,  235 


548 


INDEX. 


Killongford  on  Irish  confiscations  of  land,  496 
Kilvert  (Rev.  Francis),  "  Remains,"  188 
King,  a  captive,  and  Ps.  cxis.  137,  353 
King  (Philip  S.)  on  Kentish  topography,  314 

London  statistics,  329 

Paris  statistics,  516 

Topographical  queries,  314 
King  (Richard  John)  on  Royd,  a  local  termination,  414 
Kinsman  (J.)  on  autographs  in  books,  397 
Kippis  (Dr.  Andrew),  contributors  to  his  "  Biographia 

Britannica,"  213 
Kirk  (Rev.  John)  letter  to  Rev.  M.  A.  Tierney,  479 
Kirkpatrick  (J.)  M.D.  "  The  Sea  Piece,"  243,  326 
Kirkthorp  church  bell,  517 
Kirton  in  Lindsey,  history  of  the  manor,  214 
Knaresborough  priory  of  St.  Thomas,  53 
Kneller  (Sir  Godfrey),  note-books,  1 1 
Knighthood,  foreign  orders  worn  in  England,  37,  140 
Kor-i-Nnr  diamond,  213 
K.  (R.)  on  Hannah  Lightfoot,  446 

Jarvey,  an  extinct  word,  475 
Krichenau,  poem  on  the  battle  of,  190 
K.  (T.)  on  the  Athol  Stewarts,  277 
Kythe,  a  Scotch  word,  derivation,  176,  242,  389 


L.  on  "All  is  lost  but  honour,"  275 

Incomer,  its  meaning,  187 

Tannock,  portrait  painter,  344 
L.  (A.  E.)  on  William  Bird,  organist,  516 

Sode=toboi],  499 
Lselius  on  Claudius  and  the  Christians,  456 

Clerical  costume,  145 

Cornish  name  of  St.  Michael's  Mount,  522 

Quaker's  confession  of  faith,  127,  267 

Sabbath  not  a  puritan  term,  50 

Sibylline  oracles,  144 

Venetian  doges  and  the  bordure  wavy,  511 
Lamb  (Charles),  poetess  quoted  in  "  Elia,"  193 
Lamb  (J.  J.)  on  "  Bentivolio  and  Urania,'  401 
Lambs  licking  the  hand  of  the  butcher,  519 
Lanarkshire  families,  339,  362,  404,  425 
Lanes = Lancashire,  134 
Lancashire  folk-lore,  168 
Lancastriensis  on  Royd,  as  a  termination,  491 

Spelman's  Neep,  426 
Langland    (Wm.    de),    author   of    "  Piers    Plowman's 

Visions,"  296,  388 
Langtoft  (Pierre  de),  "  Chronicle,"  188 
Lanquet's  Chronicle,  332 

Larwood  (Jacob)  on  the  Rose  of  Normandy,  llS 
Laugh,  its  derivation,  385 
Laun  (Henri  van)  on  motto  of  Louis  XIV.,  277 
Laurent  (Felix)  on  De  Ros  family,  303 

Roundels,  346 
Lawkland  (S.)  on  a  song,  332 
Lawrence  family,  125 
Laymen  allowed  to  preach,  214,  303 
L.  (C.)  on  Sir  William  Arnolt,  324 

Order  of  St.  Maurice  and  St.  Lazarus,  206 

Owen  and  Lloyd  families,  138 

Porter  (John)",  his  effigy,  440 

Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart's  portrait,  508 

Royal  effigies,  160 


L.  (C.)  on  Townley  visiting  card,  254 
L.  (D.  S.)  on  majesty  and  highness,  186 

Spalding  priory  seal,  194,  485 

Tacamah;ic  balsam,  194 
L.  (E.)  on  Cranmer  family,  175 
Lechton  and  Bernard  families,  75,  184 
Lectureship  =  lecturership,  113,  159 
Lee  (George)  of  North  Aston,  noticed,  477 
Lee  (Samuel),  "  Orbis  Miraculum,"  375,  486 
Lee  (Tom),  the  Craven  murderer,  115 
Lee  (Wm.)  on  the  most  Christian  king's  great  grand- 
mother, 125 

De  Foe's  "  Villany  of  Stockjobbers,"  364 

Flint  Jack,  his  biography,  365 

''  Servitude,"  a  poem,  392 

Scotch  Jacobite  letters,  364 
Leicester  (Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of),  letters  to  him,  349 
Leicester  town  library,  its  late  custodian,  225 
Leicestershire,  remarkable  longevity  in,  310 
Lenthall  (Wm.)  speaker,  his  letter,  370 
Leslie  family,  175,  243,  354;  of  Pitcable,  498 
Leslie  (C.  S.)  on  Bernard  and  Lechton  families,  75 
L'Estrange  (T.)  on  property  and  its  duties,  153 
Lethrediensis  on  the  French  article,  439;  '-Blanket  of 

the  dark,"  505 
Levesell,  its  meaning,  65,  284,  488 
Lewis  XIV.,  his  motto,  277,  408 
L.  (F.)  on  Cranmer  family,  66 
L.  (G.)  on  G.  Chase,  an  artist,  276 
L.  (G.  H.)  on  Morkin,  or  Mortkin,  85 
Liddell  family,  276,  404 

Lightfoot  (Hannah),  and  George  III.,  11,  62,  89,  110, 
131,  156,  196,  218,  245,  342,  362,  446,  484,  503 
Lincoln  probate  court,  313 
Lincolnshire  bagpipe,  171,  244 
Lindsay  family,  200 

Lineinge,  or  liveing,  its  meaning,  35,  126,  286 
Linkumdoddie,  its  locality,  77,  491 
Liom  F.  on  breech-loaders,  63 

"Dublin  Christian  Instructor,"  187 

Kensington  church  and  Oliver  Cromwell,  185 

Kidder  family,  497 

Pre-existence  of  souls,  318 

Peers'  residences  in  1698,  186,  365  , 

Sandiland  (Wm.)  relic  of  Trafalgar,  399 

Seaford  church,  Sussex,  379 

Teague,  an  Irish  name,  449 
Liptrap  family  arms,  430,  487 
Lismahago  (0.)  on  Baron  MacGillicot,  196 
L'Isle  (Rouget  de)  and  the  music  of  the   JLirseillais 

Hymn,  36,  79,  325 
Literary  activity  of  the  year  1866,  48 
Literature  and  longevity,  393 

Littlebury,  co.  Esses,  church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  258 
Livings  in  agricultural  districts,  35,  126,  203 
L.  (J.)  Dublin,  on  Freemasonry,  183 

Pre-'existence,  sense  of,  86 

Sacred  treasure-trove,  53 

Shakesperiana,  32 

Sword  query:  Sahagum,  431 
L.  (J.  D.)  on  monumental  inscriptions,  515 
Llallawg  on  Jones's  "  Tower  of  Babel,"  33 

Lloyd  family,  287 

Marriages  by  clog  and  shoe,  137 

Roman  taxation  of  tiles  and  roofs,  116 
Llanidloes  charities,  439 


INDEX. 


549 


Lloyd  and  Owen  families,  138,  287 

Lloyd  (George)  on  early  Engli.^h  baiTacks,  107 

Bede's  wooden  chair,  127 

Chants  for  hymns,  174 

Campodunum  of  Bede,  312 

"  Essay  for  Catholic  Communion,"  419 

Funeral  custom,  276 

Grapes  among  the  I^iraelites,  510 

Grey  horses  in  Dublin,  508 

Hip  and  thigh,  76 

Jewish  fines  and  penalties,  377 

New  Jerusalem,  a  Jewish  tradition,  138 

Nicolson  (Bp.  W.)  "  Catechism,"  459 

Pharaoh  of  the  Exode,  417 
Lloyd  (W.  W.)  on  interest  and  usury,  276 
L.  (M.)  on  the  willow  pattern,  461 
L.  (M,  Y.)  on  the  Apostolical  Epistles,  95 

Gary's  Dante,  115 

Sealing  the  stone,  478 
London  Diocese  Book,  208 
London  Livery  Companies,  298 
London  merchants,  1 37 
London  posts  and  pavements,  329,  431,  480 
Lon4on  statistics,  329 
Longevity,  remarkable  cases,  72,  310 
Longstafie  (W.  H.  D.)  on  Monkwearmouth  excavations, 
61 

Talbot  (Sir  Theodore),  36 
Louis  XVL,  an  eye-witness  of  his  execution,  396,  521 
Louisa,  Brussels,  on  buttermilk,  360 

English  and  Flemish  languages,  20 
Louisa,  of  Bohemia  (Princess),  inscription  on  iier  por- 
trait, 72 
Love  charms,  193,  325 
Love  charms  among  Mussulmans,  160 
Love  potions,  401 

"  Lover  to  his  Mistress,"  a  couplet,  35,  223 
Low,  a  local  prefix,  25,  141 

Lower  (Mark  Antony)  on  origin  of  the  name  Howard, 
84 

Proverbs,  331 

Sergison  family,  379 
Low-side  windows,  390 
L.  (P.  A.)  on  double  acrostics,  408 

Ivry,  battle  of,  426 

Johnson  (Dr.  Samuel),  bad  manners,  46 

"  Nee  pluribus  impar,"  408 

Poets  remembering  their  youth,  464  .  ?4y3 

Stafford,  Talbot,  etc.,  deed,  13 
L.  (S.)  on  Michael  Angelo's  Last  Judgment,  439 

Archer  (Sir  Simon),  letter,  93 

Calligraphy,  529 

Charles  I.'s  locket  miniature,  235 

Clocks  and  watches,  531 

Herb  pudding,  528 

Honi,  its  etymology,  482 

Moon  wort,  168 

Stone  in  keystone,  257 
•'  Luce  is  a  fresh  fish,"  349,  461 
Luckybird  at  Christmas,  213 
Lucy  (Thomas)  of  C  haricot,  co.  Warwick,  letter  to  the 

Earl  of  Leicester,  349 
Lunar  influence,  8 
Lute  and  lutenist,  118 

Luther  (Martin)  and  Erasmus,  53;  distich,  331,  449 
Luttrell  (Col.  Henry),  epigram  on  his  death,  272,  410 


Luxembourg  in  1593,  369 

L.  (W.  H.)  on  ballad  literature,  419 

Icelandic  literature,  256 

Painters'  marks,  401 
Lyttleton  (Lord)  on  Gary's  Dante,  143 

Grammar  schools,  202 

Hailes  (Lord),  epitaph  by  him,  407 

Homer,  quotation  from,  143 

Latin  quotations,  305 

"  Manuscript  veuu  de  St.  Helene,  520 

Shelley's  "Adonais,"'  363 

"  Stricken  in  yeans,"  64  ^ 

Lyttleton  (Meriel),  inventory  of  her  gooJs,  190 


M. 


M.  on  aqua-tinting  on  wood,  331 
M.  Frankfort,  on  Henry  Hudson,  13 
M.  (A.)  on  Richard  Hey,  LL.D.,  304 

Lightfoot  (Hannah),  342 
M.  (A.  B.)  on  "  Pearls  of  Eloquence,"  223 
M.  (A.  C.)  on  lunar  influence,  8 

Montezuma's  cup,  527 
Mc  C.  B.  (J.)  on  colonial  titles,  485 
M'C.  (E.)  on  "  Blood  is  thicker  than  water,"  163 

Creswell  (Susanna),  epitaph,  175 

Falling  stars,  1 64 

Willow  pattern,  405 
Macaulay  (Archibald),  Provost  of  Edinburgh,  55 
Mac  Elligot  (Peter),  noticed,  196 
McKay  (Robson)  on  etymology  of  Kytlie,  176 
MacKean  (Wm.)  on  derivation  of  Dab,  46 
"  Mackenzie,  the  chief  of  Kiiitail,"  poem,  236 
Iilaclaurin  (John)  Lord  Dreghom,  261,  424 
Maclaurin  (Mary),  "  Poems,"  425 
Macnab  (James)  on  Scottish  Index  Expurgatorius,  37 
Macray  (.J.)  on  James  VI.  letter  to  King  of  Navarre,  8 

Jorio  (Andrea  di),  pamphlet,  301 

Literary  mystification,  9 

Marie  Antoinette  and  the  genuine  letters,  374 

Scottish  Highlanders  in  America,  490 

Tombstones  and  their  inscriptions,  428,  531 

Wallace  (Sir  Wm.)  visit  to  France,  510 
Macrobius,  passage  attributed  to  him,  507 
Madras,  mission  to  the  shrine  of  St.  Thomas,  36 
Magic  mirrors  in  India,  180 
Magic  wick  in  Mahomedau  necromancy,  180 
Maginn  (Dr.  Wm.)  noticed,  113,  345 
M.  (A.  H.)  on  Bishop  Thomas  Milles,  117 
Maid's-Morton,  Bucks,  founders  of  the  church,  298 
M.  (A.  J,)  on  two  churches  in  one  churchyard,  372 

Vessel-cup  girls,  9 
Ma-ide  (Joseph  de).  Bishop  of  Montpellier,  510 
"  Malone  and  Matdda,"  a  tragedy,  297 
Man  put  under  a  pot,  277 

"  Man  was  made  for  this,"  a  poem,  214,  359,  427 
Man,  Isle  of,  and  its  House  of  Keys,  259 
Mancuniensis  on  Hannah  Lightfoot,  362 
Manuel  (J.)  on  Derwentwater  estates,  450 

Linkumdoddie,  491 
Manuscripts,  rules  forjudging  their  age,  275 
Manuscripts  prepared  for  printing,  257 
Mapes  (Walter),  native  of  Wales,  298,  385;  "  Rythmi 

Bini  de  Concordia  Rationis  et  Fidel,"  189 
Mar  (Earl  of)  letter  to  John  Gordon,  309 


550 


I  X  D  E  X. 


Mar's  work,  Stirling,  191,  303 

JIarchpane,  a  Kweet  biscuit,  345,  44G 

Mare's  nest,  its  derivation,  276,  346 

Margaret  (Queen)  of  Scotland,  illuminated  books.So 

Marie  Antoinette  and  the  genuine  letters,  374 

Marlboroug'n  (Jubn  Churchill,  first  Duke),  his  generals 

85,  185 
Marriage  ring  not  used  by  some  sects,  115,  207 
Marriages  by  clog  and  shoe,  137,  243,  304 
Marseillais  hymn,  composer  of  the  iiiu^ic,  36,  79,  325 
Marshall  (G.'W.)  on  printed  grants  of  arms,  199 

Heme  family,  295 
Marten  (Henry),  regicide,  portrait,  115 
Mary  I.  (Queen)  and  Calais,  381 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots  at  Lochleven,  400,  485;  accounts 

and  papers,  392;  letters,  11 
Masey  (P.  E.)  on  the  meaning  of  Jolly,  366 

Mortice  and  tenon,  82 

"Luce  is  a  fresh  fish,"  461 

Orange  flower,  a  bride's  decoration,  165 
Masson  (Gustave)  on  Pierre  Corneille,  etc.,  239 
Massy-tincture  prints,  86 
Mathematical  bibliograjihy,  514 
"Matthiii  am  letzten,"  399,  469,  511 
Maxwell  family  of  Pollock,  230 
Mayer  (S.  R.  T.)  on  Abp.  Juxon's  residence  at  Chastle- 

ton,  94 
Maynootb,  its  pardon,  333 
M.  (C.)  on  the  style  "  Dei  gratia,"  499 
M.  (C.  P.)  on  Cromwell's  sailing  for  America,  75 

"  Homer  h  la  Mode,"  its  author,  297 
M.  (G.  Q.  E.)  on  prjenomina  and  nomina,  215 
M.  (C.  W.)  on  Primage,  its  pronunciation,  344 

Punning  mottoes,  366 

Thomson's  "  Liberty,"  343 
JL  (D.)  on  Clinton's  Chronology,  34 

Meadows  (Thomas),  draiiiatic  writer,  46 
Meadows  (Thomas),  author  of  "  Thespian  Gleanings," 

Medical  treatment  in  the  middle  ages,  196 

Megilp,  or  meguilp,  explained,  417,  491 

Melton,  Little,  church  with  thatched  roof,  271,  517 

Menmath  described,  96,  205,  214 

Men's  heads  covered  in  church,  137,  223,  347,  430 

Merci :  thanks,  66 

Meridian  lings,  381,  470 

Merivale  (Herman)  on  Ahhh  Grant,  439 

Mermaid  on  Alexander  the  Great's  letter  to  Aristotle,  78 

Calico  cloth,  95 

Christmas  box,  107 

Delhi,  its  Christian  king  in  1403-6,  152 

Pig-tails  in  Europe,  116 

Petrarch:  Himultruda,  12 

Sasines,  its  derivation,  39 

Shrine  of  St,  Thomas,  Madras,  36 

Xiccha,  an  architect,  56 
Metal,  rust  removed  from,  235,  344,  409 
Meteors,  aerolites,  and  falling  stars,  48 
Meyer  (Mr.),  artist,  152 
Meyers  (Geo.),  allusions  in  his  "  Letters,"  84 
M.  (G.)  on  Teague,  an  Irish  name,  347 
M.  (G.  W.)  on  the  Drapers'  Company,  29S 

Esquires,  use  of  the  title,  312 

Farren  or  Farran  family,  489 

French  heraldry,  345 

Grants  of  arras,  410 


M.  (G.W.)  on  Probate  court  of  Lincoln,  313 
Peake  (Eev.  E.  JI.),  457 
Punning  mottoes,  466 
M.  (H.) Doncaster,  on  "  Hambletonian  "  and  " Dla'nonJ," 
219 
Hanby  Hall,  co.  Lincoln,  238 
M.  (H.  A.)  on  "  The  Noble  Moringer,"  381 
M.  (H.  S.  J.)  on  the  Jackdaw,  416 
Punning  mottoes,  466 
"  To  cry  roast  meat,"  464 
Miantonomoh,  an  American  vessel,  59 
Michael's  (St.)  Mount,  Cornwall,  215,  357,  520,  522 
Middleton  (A.  B.)  on  lines  on  a  Vicar  and  Curate,  389 
Slill  (A.  H.)  on  Colonel  Horton,  153 
Miller  (James)  of  Edinburgh,  composer,  158,  321 
Milles  (Thomas),  Bishop  of  Waterford,  117 
Milton  (John)  and  Cyriack  Skinner,  12 
Misapates  on  the  brothers  Bandiera,  446 
M.  (J.)  Edinburgh,  on  Andrew  Crosbie,  lawyer,  222 
Dreghorn  (Lord),  Scottish  judge,  261 
Mapes  (Walter),  Poems,  189 
Maxwell  of  Pollok  or  Polloc,  230 
Oaths,  Treatise  on,  170 

Pinkerton  (James),  "  Correspondence,"  80,  240 
Setons,  Earls  of  Winton,  151 
M.  (J.  C.)  on  the  song  of  birds,  380 
JL  (J.  T.)  on  Sir  Thomas  Apreece,  207 
M'L.  (H.)  on  "  Ta  Kythe,"  389 
Mocenigo  (the  Dage),  portrait  of  his  daughter,  50 
Mock,  its  derivation,  385 
Monaco,  his  history,  458 
Monkwearmouth  excavations,  6 1 
Montagu  (Edward  Wortky),  his  early  elopement,  373 
Mont:igu  (Lord),  letter  on  the  Rev.  Wm.  Chafiii,  03 
Montezuma's  goldeu  cup,  377,  446,  527 
Montserrat,  Irish  settlement  at,  97 
Monumental  inscriptions,  their  preservation,  515 
Moody  (Henry)  on  '•  JJlia  Lelia  Crispis,"  213 

Armitage,  a  local  name,  242 

Parsley,  430 
Moon,  its  influence  on  the  earth,  8 
Moonwort,  a  herb,  96,  1G8,  182 
Moore  (S.  A.)  on  temperance  stanzas,  113 
Morata  (Olympia),  her  life,  297,  426,  465 
Morgan  (Ootavius)  on  clocks  and  watches,  496 
Morkin,  or  Mortkin,  its  derivation,  7,  85 
"  Morning's  pride,"  origin  of  the  phrase,  457,  523 
Morocco,  list  of  emperors,  1 1,  224 
Mortice  and  tenon,  82 
Morton   (John),  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  235,  307, 

427 
Mosheim  (Laurence)  work  on  the  Begnines,  176 
Moss,  a  bottle  of,  177,363 
Motto:  "  Ut  potiar  patior,"  441,  485 
Mottoes,  punning,  32,  145,  223,  262,  366,  466 
Mottoes  of  saints,  331 ,  487 
Mousquetaires  of  Louis  XIV.,  313,  427 
M.  (P.  E.)  on  the  authenticity  of  St.  John's  Gospel  5 

Alphabets  on  tiles,  449 

Cathedral,  a  perfect,  86 

Men's  heads  covered  in  church,  347,  430 

Proverbial  sayings,  361 

Pews  in  churches,  46,  198,  421 
51.  (R.)  on  Muiillo's  painting,  97 
M.  (S.  H.)  on  the  commander  of  the  Nightingals,  523 

Glatton,  Her  Majesty's  ship,  164 


INDEX. 


551 


M.  (S.  H.)  on  remarkabli^  sword,  164 

Multrooshill  in  Scotland,  1-23,  303,  3S8,  470 

Multursheaf,  its  meaning,  124,  303 

Mulvany  (G.  F.)  on  the  restoration  of  a  Paolo  Veronese,  49 

Munby  (J.  F.)  on  Richard  Hey,  205 

Luckybird  at  Christmas,  213 

Eoundels,  347 
Municipal  history,  328 
Munk  (Wm.)  M.D.  "  Eoll  of  Physicians,"  95 
Murillo  (B.  E.),  picture,  97 
Murphy  (W.  W.)  on  anagram  on  Napoleon,  195 

Caucus,  party  name  in  America,  430 
Musgrave  (Jullen,  Lady),  portrait,  55 
Music,  national,  293 

Music  buried  during  the  Commonwcahli,  398 
M.  (W.)  on  "  As  clean  as  a  whistle,"  4  66 

Whey  a  cure  for  rheumatism,  267 
31.  (W.  E.)  on  tale  by  Eev.  E.  H.  Barlia;n,  531 
M.  (W.  T.)  Hongkong,  on  Lord  Braxliold,  22 

Porcelain  tower  at  Nankin,  26 
M.  (W.  W.)  Franlcfort,  on  arms  of  Prussia,  23 

Potato  introduced  into  EngLtnd,  195 


Naked  bed  in  former  days,  51 
Name,  changing  the  baptismal,  175,  202 
Names,  confusion  of  proper,  330 
Nankin,  its  porcelain  tower,  26 
Napoleon  II.,  circumstances  of  liis  birth,  287 
National  Portrait  Exhibition  of  1867,  367 
Navarre  (King  of),  James  I.'s  letter  to,  8 
Needle-gun  first  used,  128 
Needle's  eye,  suggested  explanation,  254,  323 
Nerenz  (Dr.)  on  Gambrinus  and  Noali,  470 
Nevison  (Wm.)  ride  to  York,  441,  505 
New  Jerusalem,  a  Jewish  tradition,  138 
New  South  Wales,  its  first  theatre,  476 
New  York,  royal  governors,  135 

Newton  (Sir  Isaac),  theological  opinions,  116;  spurious 
edition  of  his  "Fluxions,"  514;  sajing,  "0  Physics, 
beware  of  Metaphysics  !"  295 
N.  (G.  W.)  on  Treat'ise  on  Oaths,  300 
N.  (J.)  on  anonymous  poems,  214 
N.  (J.  G.)  on  Britain's  Burse,  416 

Claimants  to  the   throne  on  the  death  of  Eliza- 
beth, 344 

London  posts  and  pavements,  329 

Mediaeval  distich  on  the  last  judgment,  398 

Perdues  the  bell-founders,  511 

Eawlinson's  and  Dr.  Salmon's  portraits,  418 
Nicholls  (G.  F.)  on  •'  Cut  one's  stick,"  397 
Nichols  (John  Gougli)  on  T.  Dineley's  manuscripts,  293 

Patenson  (Henry),  134 

Poulton  family,  344 
Nicholson  (B.)  on  Griffin,  its  derivation,  439 

Shakspeare  illustrated  by  Mussinger  and  Field,  433 

Shakspeariana,  251,  413 

Levesell,  its  derivation,  488 
Nicolson  (Bp.  Wm.),  "  Catechism,"  459 
Night  a  counsellor  in  ancient  poets,  478,  530 
"  Nightingale  "  frigate,  its  commander,  440,  523 
N.  (M.  A.  J.)  on  Friedrich  Euckert,  85 
Noake  (J.)  on  Worcestershire  inventory,  190 
Norfolk  family  claimants  to  the  throne',  175,  246,  344 


Norgaie  (Edward),  ariist,  11,  44.  62 

Norman  (Louisa  Julia)  on  Cynthia's  dragon  yoke,  365 

"Norrepod,  or  the  Enraged  Piiysician,"  295,  526 

North  (Lord),  George  III.'s  correspondence  with,  108 

North  (Mr.),  caricaturist,  monogram,  162 

Northfleet,  church  tower  of  St.  Eotolph,  60 

Norvregian  earthquake,  139,  237 

Norwich  cathedral,  images  in  rood-loft,  235 

Nose  Club,  the  Amorphorhin,  253 

Notes  and  Queries,  a  suggestion,  293 

N.  (P.  E.)  on  "^lia  Lselia  Crispis,"  265 

County  keepers,  236 

Florentine  custom,  502 

Moonwort,  a  plant,  182 
N.  (T.  S.)  on  Betting,  365 
N.  (V.)  on  Lewis  Angeloni,  &c.,  437 


0. 


Gates  (Titus)  at  Hastings,  415 

Oaths,  Treatise  on,  170,  300 

0'B.-(J.  L.)  on  Constitution  Hill,  455 

O'Cavanagh  (J.  E.)  ou  Catholic  periodicals,  154 
Dutch  and  other  languages,  119 
Irish  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  181 
St.  Aldhelm  and  double  acrostic,  249 

O'Connell  (Daniel)  on  the  hiring  of  informers,  515 

O'Connell  (Maurice),  poems,  359,  427 

O'Conor  (Eev.  Dr.  Clwrles),  "History  of  the  House  of 
O'Conor,"  59 

Octave  days  in  the  English  Church,  450,  489 

O'Curry  (Prof.),   "  Catalogue  of  Irish  Manuscripts  in 
the  British  Museum,"  181 

Ogilvie  (Sir  John)  of  Inverquharity,  143 

Ogilvy  (Arthur)  on  the  Marseillaise  hymn,  36 

Oglethorpe   (Gen.   James),  Memoir,  532;  private  let- 
ters, 194 

0.  (J.)  on  London  posts  and  pavements,  480 
Kirkpatrick's  "  Sea  Piece,"  326 
Maclaurins,  poets,  424 

Oldbuck  (Jonathan),  on  "  Tiie  Two  Drovers,"  36 

Oldmixon  (Sir  John),  knighthood,  399 

Olive  family  arms,  331 

Omicroa  on  lines  on  a  Vicar  and  Curate.  235 

Orange  flower,  a  bride's  decoration,  45, 166 

Ordination  in  Scotland  in  1682,  75,  217 

Organ,  a  chair,  11,  44 

Organ  and  pianoforte  keys,  cement  for,  255 

Orissa,  human  saciifices  in,  92 

Ornolac,  old  bell  at,  214,323 

O'Shee  coat  arm.orial,  494 

0.  (S.  M.)  on  Queen  Elizabeth's  Prayer-book,  327 

Ossian,  "  Fingal,"  translated  by  Rev.  T.  Eoss,  316 

Othergates,  examples  of  its  use,  122,  184 

Overall  (W.  H.)  on  Eoman  funereal  stone,  374 

Overton  (Richard),  "  Man  wholly  mortal,"  458 

Owen  and  Lloyd  families,  138 

Owen  (David),  "  Herod  and  Pilate  reconciled,"  400 

Owen  (Eev.  John  Hugh),  "  The  Key  of  Paradise,"  286 

Oxford,  spire  of  St.  Aldate's,  138;  Carfax  conduit,  139 

Oxford  reformers  of  1498,  348 

Oxoniensis  on  Sir  John  Fenwick,  236 
Jackson  (Dr.  Cyril),  229 
"  Lass  of  Eichmond  Hill,"  363 
Paslew  (John),  abbot  of  Whalley,  490 


552 


INDEX. 


Oxonieusis  on  Roberts  family,  428 

Peacock  (Edward)  on  Erings  (Cornelius),  impostor,  35  . 

Stourbridge  fair,  512  ' 

Pair  of  stairs,  466 

Throckmorton  family,  36 

Parker  and  Eainsborough  families,  399 

Oxoniensis  Alter  on  Dr.  Cjril  Jackson,  319 

Passage  in  St.  Augustine,  497 

Pre-reformation  pews,  199 

Eainsborough  family,  457 

P. 

Eossiter  (Colonel),  194 

Scroggs  (Chief- Justice),  468 

P.  on  John  Cozens,  water-colour  painter,  294 

Smith  (Capt.  John),  399,  441 

P.  on  Othergates,  its  meaning,  122 

Swan  marks,  316 

P.  (A.)  on  a  caricature  of  Earl  Temple,  77 

Swift  family,  236 

Packer  (George)  on  the  word  Atone,  403 

Wigtoft  churchwarden's  accounts,  176 

Clock  stopping  at  a  death,  196 

Peake  (Eev.  E.  M.),  parentage,  456 

Paine  (Cornelius),  jun.,  on  obsolete  phrases,  377 

Peers'  residences  in  1698,  109,  186,  224,  266,  365 

Pain's  Hill,  in  Surrey,  451 

Pegler  (Hetty)  on  organ  of  Uley  church,  465 

Painters'  marks,  401 

Pembertbn  (H.)  on  history  of  Monaco,  458 

Painting  of  a  Spanish  vessel,  497 

Pembroke  (Countess  of),  "  Arcadia,"  512 

Painting  unknown,  417 

Pengelly  (Wm.)  on  St.  Michael's  Mount,  215,  520 

Pair  of  colours,  42 1 

Penn  (Eichard),  of  Richmond,  Surrey,  38,   125,  203, 

Palaologi  in  Cornwall,  485,  531 

275 

Palestine  treasure  trove,  53 

Penn  (William),  anecdote,  275 

Paler  (Dr.  Wm.),  his  Yorkshire  saying,  57,  122,  161 

Penn  (Vnlliam),  of  Richmond,  Surrey,  38, 125,  203,275 

Palfrey,  Dr.  Johnson's  dish  of,  176 

"  Penny  Magazine,"  reprints  of  articles,  194,  325 

Palindromic  verse,  408,  504 

Pennyman  (John),  biography,  201 

Pallone,  a  game,  333 

Perdue  (Thomas),  bell-founder,  479,  511 

Pantomimes,  225 

Perfect  (William),  M.D.,  biography,  441 

P.  (A.  0.  Y.)  on  a  Corp  crh  or  criadh,  375 

Perjury,  its  derivation,  497 

Gaunt  House,  co.  Oxford,  355 

Perpetuances  explained,  356 

Guns  and  pistols  temj}.  the  civil  war,  115 

Petiver  (James),  "  B  nanicum  Londinense,"  420 

Hydrophobic  patients  smothered,  376 

Petrarch  (Francis),  transhitions  of  his  letters,  12 

Prison  literature,  138 

P.  (E.  W.)  on  the  custom  of  advertising,  114 

Scot,  a  local  prefix,  12 

Pews,  pre-Eeformation,  46,  107,  198,  338,  421,  500 

Scottish  church,  ancient  records,  314 

Pharaoh  of  the  Exode,  417 

Pardon  of  Maynooth,  a  proverb,  333 

Philip  I.,  King  of  Spain,  and  his  wife  Jeanne  la  FoIIe, 

Parfitt  (Edward)  on  Bath  brick,  305 

173 

Cesar's  horse,  294 

Philistinism,  origin  of  the  epithet,  478 

Chess,  its  antiquity,  389 

Phillips  (Jos.)  on  Dr.  Cyril  Jackson,  448 

Parfitt  (Charles)  on  Bishop  Giffard,  &c.,  455 

Phillips  (J.  P.)  on  obsolete  phrases,  444 

Paris  statistics,  516 

Proverbial  sayings,  361 

Parker  and  Eainsborough  families,  399 

Walpole  (Sir  Eobert;,  his  first  wife,  496 

Parochial  registers,  errors  in,  8,  200 

Phillips  (Sir  Eichard),  "  A  Jlillion  of  Facts,"  265,  408 

Parr  (Henry)  on  Rev.  John  Darwell,  529 

Phillott  (F.)  on  punning  mottoes,  262 

riintoft's  chant.  267,  529 

Tooth-sealing,  491 

Parsley  used  in  funeral  ceremonies,  312,  430 

Philtres:  Love  potions,  401 

Parsons  family,  440 

P.  (H.  N.)  on  Poulton  family,  235 

Parsons  (Robert),  declension  of  a  heretic,  311 

Photographs,  proposed  national  collection,  513 

Part  (W.  A.)  on  Turbervile's  "  Tragical  Tales,"  418 

Phreas,  or  Freas  (John),  biography,  35, 

Parvenche,  its  meaning,  139,  238,  345 

P.  (H.  T.)  on  Hitchcock,  a  spinet  maker,  55 

Paslew  (John),  last  abbot  of  Whalley,  417,  490 

Physicians,  the  Eoll  of,  96 

Passenger  lists  to  America,  478 

Pickard  (W.)  on  aborigines  of  Siberia,  332 

Pastoral  staff  held  in  the  right  hand,  277 

Legend  of  the  Book  of  Job,  377 

Patenson  (Henry),  Sir  Thomas  More's  jester,  134 

Paslew  (John),  abbot  of  Whalley.  490 

PattacooD,  its  meaning,  443,  444 

Pictures,  how  cleansed,  77;  works  on,  205,  316 

P.  (D.)  on  dedication  ceremonial  of  churches,  359 

Pictures,  two-faced  or  double,  257,  346,  423,  510 

Dawson  family,  21,  47 

"  Piers  Plowman's  Yisions,"  its  author,  296 

Pert:  arms  of  Savoy,  282 

Pifferari  in  Eome,  melodies,  102 

Eagle  of  the  German  Empire,  436 

Piggot  (John)  on  alphabet  bells  and  tiles,  184 

Names  wanted  in  coats  of  arms,  430,  487 

Angelus  bell,  213 

Priory  of  St.  Robert,  Knaresborough,  53 

Bessurae  of  pekoks'  feathers,  79 

St.  Maurice  and  St.  Lazare,  206 

Book,  the  first  printed  in  England,  78 

Tanfield  (Lady),  167 

Burning  hair,  184 

P.  (E.)  on  Dr.  Evans's  "  Epitome  of  Geography,"  97 

Calico  cloth,  186 

"  Peacock  at  Home,"  by  Mrs.  Dorset,  393 

Charles  I.,  his  locket  miniature,  366 

Peacock  (Edward)  on  a  caution  to  book-buyers,  32 

Christian  ale,  86 

Cawthorne  recusants,  95 

Crozier  held  in  the  right  hand,  1 92 

Cucking-stool,  172 

Degrees,  when  first  conferred,  22 

INDEX. 


553 


Piggot  (John)  on  Divines  of  the  English  Church,  520 

Edward  (King),  prophecy  of  his  Mass,  34 

Epitaph  in  Great  Waltham  church,  311 

"  Gift  of  the  gab,"  337 

Inscriptions  on  ciiurch  bells,  374,  517 

Low- side  windows,  390 

Norwich  cathedral  rood-loft,  235 

Old  pack  of  cards,  114 

Pastoral  staff,  277 

Priest's  chamber  at  Wingfield  church,  519 

Reader  of  the  refectory,  295 

Richard  I.,  remains  of  his  heart,  331 

Piood-screen  bell,  389 

Rich  (Sir  Nathaniel),  392 

Rowe  (Harry),  the  trumpeter,  421 

Renians,  a  Scottish  sect,  65 

Roundels:  verses  on  fruit  trenchers,  86 

Spalding  priory  seal,  307 

Tollesbury  church,  Essex,  94 

Two  churches  in  one  churchyard,  508 

Uley  church  organ,  295 

Wooden  effigy  of  a  priest,  56 

Wager  of  battle,  the  last,  407 

Woisey  (Cardinal),  his  bell,  479 
Pig-tails  introduced  into  Europe,  116 
Pike  (R,),  tragedy  "  Conspiracy,"  442 
Pin  enchantments,  180 

Pink,  an  appellation  for  a  flower,  139,  238,  345 
Pinkerton  (James),  "  Literary  Correspondence,"  80,  1 65, 

240,  264 
Pisacane  (Carlo),  biography,  77,  184 
Pismire,  an  ant,  443,  444 
Pistols,  Highland,  519 
Pistols,  wheel  lock,  245,  388 

Pitt  (William),  bill  for  relief  of  the  poor,  457;  maca- 
ronic character  of  him,  295 
Pins  VII.,  his  hair  standing  on  end,  409 
P.  (J.  A.)  on  a  Dutch  ballad,  19 

Caitiff  :  crow  :  mock  :  laugh,  385 

Honi,  its  derivation,  481 

Hollow:  "  To  beat  hollow,"  25 

Johnny  Cake,  146 
Low:  Barrow,  141 

Punning  mottoes,  32 
P.  (J.  J.)  on  Wheeler's  Anthon's  Horace,  216 
P.  (L.)  on  Rev.  William  Walker,  257 
Piatt  (Wm.)  on  "  When  Adam  delved,"  &c.,  429 
Pliny's  remarks  on  the  ballot,  475 
Plowden  (Edmund),  tract  on  "Mnry  Queen  of  Scots," 

184 
Pn.  (J.  A,)  on  Oliver  Cromwell,  304 

Littlebury,  co.  Essex,  258 
Poem  on  the  years  1866  and  1867,  28 
Poenulatus  used  by  Cicero,  176 
Poetum,  or  tobacco,  99 
Pollok  (Lord),  family,  230 
"  Polymanteia,"  its  author,  215,  306,  401,  428 
Pontefract,  its  etymology,  135 
Poole  (S.   W.),   ir.D.,   on    hymn    "When   gathering 

clouds,"  356 
Poor,  Pitt's  bill  for  their  relief,  457 
Porcelain  tower  at  Nankin,  26 
Pope  (Alex.)  and  Addison,  parallel  passages,  415 
Porter  (Classon)  on  lines  on  the  Eucharist,  140 
Porter  (John),  his  effigy.  440,  530 
Portrait  Exhibition  of' 1866,  inscriptions,  71,  170 


Portraits,  engraved  British,  55 
Portraits  of  criminals,  24 
Portugal,  the  church  of,  136,  286 
Potato  introduced  into  England,  195 
Potenger  (John),  noticed,  116 
Pottery  of  ancient  times,  4  ;  Samian,  73 
Poulton  family,  co.  Bucks,  235,  344 
Power  (John)  on  a  combat  of  starlings,  106 

Willow  pattern,  461 
Powys-Keck  (H.  L.)  on  Lady  Richardson,  83 
P.  (P.)  on  Sir  William  Brereton,  146 

Grants  of  arms,  327,  508 

Lanes  =  Lancashire,  134 

Monogram  of  North  the  caricaturist,  1 62 

Pictures  changeable,  510 

"  Sich  a  gettiu'  up  stairs,"  127 

Two  churches  in  one  churchyard,  508 
Prajnomina  and  Nomina,  215 
Prayer  Book,  Queen  Elizabeth's,  214,  327 
Pre-death  monuments,  41 
Pre-existence,  sense  of,  86,  167,  317 
Prester  John,  151 
Preston  (William),  ^jticed,  47 
Price  (Sir  Charles  ^ge),  book  sale,  292 
Prices  at  different  dates,  257 
Prideaux  (George)  on  St.  Andrew,  279 

Olive  family,  331 

Prideaux  (Hugh)  of  Cliinton,  399 
Prideaux  (Hugh)  of  Clunton,  399 
Priestley  (Dr.  Joseph),  destruction  of  his  librarv,  72, 

186,  239 
Priests,  wooden  effigies  of,  56,  162 
Primer,  its  pronunciation,  257,  344 
Printing  medal,  295 

Prior  (Matthew),  poetical  abilities,  270,  387,  423 
Prison  literature,  138,  241 
Professors'  lectures  characterised,  412 
Proleing  =  stealing,  177 
Prophecy,  works  on  biblical,  257 
Prophecy  of  Regiomontanus,  475 
Protestant  and  Catholic  as  controversial  epithets,  233 

Proverbs  and  Pliraces  :  — 
A  soul  above  buttons,  356 
All  my  eye  and  Betty  Martin,  276,  346 
All  is  lost  but  honour,  275,  407 
Americanisms,  21 
As  clean  as  a  whistle,  331,  360,  361,  466,  469, 

510 
As  deep  as  Garrick,  469 
As  right  as  a  trivet,  331,  360,  361 
As  sound  as  a  roach,  393 
Back  on  his  bill,  443,  444 
Beetle:  "As  deaf  as  a  beetle,"  34,  106,  167,  328, 

410,  411 
Blood  is  thicker  than  water,  34,  103,  163 
Bottle  of  hay,  363 
Bottle  of  moss,  or  straw,  177,  363 
Chipchase:  "The  rooks  left  Chipchase  when  the 

Reeds  did,"  172 
Cold  shoulder,  498 

Conspicuous  for  his  absence,  438,  508 
Cat  one's  stick,  397 

Dark  moon,  a  woman's  secret  savings,  J94 
Dead  as  a  door  nail,  173,  324,  448 
Do  as  I  say,  and  not  as  I  do,  32,  267 


554 


INDEX. 


Proverbs  and  Ptrases  : — 

Dying  in  the  last  ditch,  316 

French  proverb,  495 

Gab:  "  Gift  of  the  gab,"  215,  337 

He  that  will  be  his  own  master,  will  have  a  fool 
for  his  scholar,  192 

Hollow:  "  To  beat  hollow,"  25 

Hurry  no  man's  goods,  469 

II  y  a  fagots  et  fagots,  436 

Merry  pin,  421 

Murder  will  out,  47 

0  Physics,  beware  of  Metaphysics  !  295 

Paint  things  as  you  see  them,  454 

Pardon  of  Maynooth,  333 

Pay  the  people:  U.  P.  spells  gesliiigs,   57,  122, 
161,  532 

Property  has  its  duties  as  well  as  its  rights,  153 

Eockstaffs:  "  She  is  so  full  of  old  woman's  rock- 
staffs,"  215,  337 

Short  of  the  fox,  378 

Spiders :  "  He  who  would  wish  to  thrive 

Must  let  spiders  run  alive,"  32,  67, 146 

Stricken  in  years,  12,  64     ** 

To  cry  roast  meat,  378,  463 

Toss  the  stocking,  443,  444 

Turning  the  tabfes,  253 

Twinkling  of  a  bed-post,  469 

U.  P.  spells  goslings,  57,  161,  539 

When  Adam  delved  and  Eve  span,  192,  323,  429, 
486 

When    clubs    are    trumps,    Aldermaston    House 
shakes,  42 
Prowe,  as  an  adjective,  192 
Prowett  (C.  G.)  on  a  lost  word  in  "  Hamlet,"  383 

Lectureship  =  Lecturership,  1 13 

"  Luce  the  fresh  fish,"  462 

Randolph  (Thomas),  epitaph,  100 
Prussia,  the  arms  of,  23,  64 
Psalm  and  Hymn  tunes,  40,  126,  247,  345 
Pseudonyms,  anagrammatic,  496 
P.  (S.  W.)  on  Cleopatra's  Needle,  307,  431 

Drinking  tobacco,  324 

Grapes  at  the  tables  of  the  ancients,  376 

Royal  governors  of  New  York,  135 

Stranger  derived  from  E,  295 

Tobacco,  its  bibliography,  314 

Virgil  and  singing  of  birds,  314 
P.  (T.)  on  block  on  which  Charles  I.  was  beheaded,  144 

Roman  taxation  on  tiles  and  roofs,  207 
Pulton  family,  235 

Punning  mottoes,  32,  145,  223,  262,  366,  466 
Purchas  (Samuel),  author  of "  The  Pilgrimage,"  57 
Purchas  (S.  J.)  on  burials  above  ground,  166 
Purchas  (T.  B.)  on  Purchas  family,  57 
Purchas  (Sir  William),  Llayor  of  London,  57 
Purgatory,  an  ash-pit  of  a  kitchen  fire,  353 
Pnrnell  family  arms,  313,  430,  487 
Purnell  (T.)  on  Walter  Mapes,  385 
P.  (W.  P.)  on  Poenulatus,  used  by  Cicero,  176 

Scroggs  family,  468 
Pye  (Rev.  Dr.  Thomas),  punning  inscription,  127 
T{A/T(UuL,  fine  TindjiAJL. 

Q. 

Q.  on  Christ  a  yoke-maker,  507 

Q.(C.M.)on  "  The  Caledonian  Hunt's  Deliglt,"  158, 487 


Q.  (Q.)  on  beards  taxed,  416 

Captive  King  and  Ps.  cxix.  137,  353 

Indian  bird:  Hola-luca-esta,  256 

Paces  and  handles  in  old  clocks,  275 

Pictures,  two-faced  or  double,  257 

"When  Adam  delved,"  &c.,  323 
Quaker's  confession  of  faith,  127,  267 
Quarter-deck,  origin  of  bowing  to,  77 
Quartermaster,  his  duties,  446,  501 
Queen's  Gardens  on  the  Rev.  Wm.  Chafin,  104 

Church  towers  used  as  fortresses,  60 
Que'rard  (J.  M.),  pubhcation  of  his  MSS.,  475 
Quercubus  on  Richard  Booth,  213 

Dyers'  Company,  333 

East  India  Company,  381 

London  merchants,  137 

Perpetuances,  356 

Sardinian  stone,  117 
Quintilian's  "  Declamations,"  133 

Quotations :  — 

A  knife,  my  dear,  cuts  love,  they  say,  175,  307 

Bands  of  reverent  chanters,  457 

Be  wise,  discreet,  of  dangers  take  good  heed,  440 

But  with  the  morning  cool  reflection  came,  468 

Cold  shade  of  the  aristocracy,  216 

Corruptio  optima  pessima,  216,  266,  390 

Come,  gentle  Sleep,  354,  450 

Eripuit  ccelo  fulmen  sceptrumque  tyrannis,  515 

Glory  and  shame,  216 

Hsec  arte  tractabat  cupidum  virum,  &c.,  256 

Hail !  noble  Muse,  inspired  by  wine,  36 

His  frigid  glance  was  fixed  upon  my  face,  115 

Imperial  Rome,  victorious  o'er  the  Gauls,  116 

Images  and  precious  thoughts,  115,  206 

Just  in  the  prime  of  life — those  golden  days,  77 

Les  Anglais  s'amusaient  tristement,  44,  87,  143 

Morn,  evening  came,  the  sunset  smiled,  457 

None  but  poets  remember  their  youth,  194,  343, 

464,  510 
Not  lost,  but  gone  before,  163 
Omnia  si  perdas  famam  servare  memento,  235 
Omnia  sponte  sua  reddit  justissima  tellus,  256,  305 
Que  voulez-vous  ?  nous  sommes  faites  comme  cela, 

344 
Quid  levius  pennS,  &c.,  528 
The  treasures  of  the  deep  are  not  so  precious,  215, 

304 
Upon  that  famous  river's  further  shore,  138,  184 
Vale  of  the  Cross,  the  shepherds  tell,  235,  364 


R.  on  Mrs.  Hannah  Ceswick,  226 

Keble  query,  35 

"  Ride  a  cock-horse,"  36 

St.  Hilary's  day,  135 
R.  (A.)  on  the  meaning  of  Helwayne,  23 

Scot,  a  local  prefix,  156 
Racovian  Catechism,  38 
Radecliffe  (No:-ll)  on  Agudeza,  22 

Commander  of  the  "  Nightingale,"  440 

French  books  on  England,  16 
Rainborowe  family,  457 

Raleigh  (Sir  Walter),  his  prison  window,  55,  187,  201 
Eamage  (C.  T.)  on  "  All  is  lost  save  honoui,"  407 


INDEX. 


555 


Eamage  (C.T.)  on  Andrea  dl  Jorio,  256 

Barrows  in  the  Japygian  Peninsulst,  516 

Carlyle  (Lord),  460 

"  Conspicuous  for  his  absence,"  508 

Dante  query,  340 

Franklin  (Benj.),  line  on  his  bust,  515 

Grey  Mare's  tail,  179 

Loch  of  Kilbread,  co.  Dunjfiies,  153 

Mare's  nest,  276 

Moliere:  "  II  y  a  fagots  et  fagots,"  436 

"  Matthiii  am  letzten,"  Sll 

Sabbath,  not  merely  a  Puritan  term,  220 

St.  Matthew,  399 
"  Rambler,"  a  periodical,  30 
Randolph  (Thomas),  epitaph,  100 
Range,  a  short,  56 

Rawlinson  (Thomas  and  Richard),  portraits,  418 
Razors,  mode  of  sharpening,  478 
R.  (C.)  on  Miantonomah,  American  vessel,  59 
R.  (C.  P.)  on  Dr.  Nicholas  Stanley,  399 
Reader  of  the  refectory,  295 
Rebeck,  musical  instrument,  174,  244 
Redmond  (S.)  on  De  la  Pole,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  33 

Horton  (Col.),  363 

Irwin,  an  heraldic  artist,  255 
Reed'^family  of  Chipchase,  172 
Regiment,  badge  of  the  second,  24 
Regiomontanus,  poetical  prophecy,  475 
Rembrandt  (Paul),  monogram,  117 
Renians,  a  Scottish  sect,  65 
"  Revue  Moderne,"  and  "  Revue  Germanique,"  9 
Reynolds  (Chief  Baron  James),  467 
Reynolds  (Chief  Justice  Sir  James),  467 
R.  (F.  R.)  on  Sir  Thomas  Dickinson,  193 
Rheged  (Vryan)  on  male  and  female  births,  125 
Rhodocanakis  (His   Highness  Captain  the  Prince)  on 
Greek  church  in  Soho  Fields,  157 

Napoleon  a  Greek  in  blood,  507 

Two-faced  pictures,  346 
Rich  (Sir  Nathaniel),  noticed,  256,  392 
Richard  I.,  his  burial,  258  ;  remains  of  his  heart,  331 
Richard  II.,  Westminster  portrait  of,  1 
Richardson  (Lady  Elizabeth),  Baroness  Cramond,  83 
Richelieu  (Cardinal),  fate  of  his  head,  73,  184 
"  Ride  a  cock-horse,"  &c.,  36,  87 

Riggall  (Edw.)  on  Dr.  Fuller's  prayer  before  sernion,  518 
Riley  (H.  T.)  on  Christopher  Collins,  84 

Morkin,  or  Mortkin,  derivation,  85 
Rimbanll  (Dr.  E.  F.)  on  Derbyshire  ballads,  454 

Flintoft's  chant,  445 

Humfrey  Gifford's  ballad,  395 

"  Of  noble  race  was  Shenkin,"  451 
Ring  of  espousals  bestowed  by  our  Saviour,  313 
Ring,  use  of  the  wedding,  among  the  Greeks,  380 
Rings,  meridian,  381,  470 
Rix  (Joseph),  M.D.,  on  the  Bomerang,  334 

Hyranology,  25,  184 

"Ride  a  cock-horse,"  87 
R.  (J.  C.)  on  Napoleon,  its  etymology,  223 

Scot,  a  local  prefix,  86,  239 
Rr.  (J.  C.)  on  Scottish  archaeology,  334 
R.  (L.  C.)  on  the  name  of  a  painter,  417 
R.  (L.  M.  M.)  on  motto  of  the  Spottiswoods,  485 
R.  (M.  H.)  on  William  Balcombe,  304 

Dante  query,  61,  185 
Robertsfamily,  314,  428 


Roberts  (E.  J.)  on  Liddell  family,  276 

Roberts  family,  314 
Robertson  (George),  advocate,  works,  81 
Robertson  (George),  see  George  Robertson  Scot. 
Robertson  (John)  on  Hannah  Lightfoot,  343 

Shelley's  "  Adonais,"  343 
Robertson  (Dr.  Joseph),  Scottish  antiquary,  49 
Robins,  a  party  epithet,  378 
"  Robinson  Crusoe,"  374 
Robinson  (Henry  Crabb),  death,  146 
Robinson  (J.  B.)  on  wooden  effigy  of  a  priest,  1 62 
Robinson  (N.  H.)  on  pardon  of  Maynooth,  333 
Robinson  (Rev.  Rob.),  hymn  "  Come,  thou  fount  of  every 

blessing,"  204,  409 
Roby  (John),  "  Traditions  of  Lancashire,"  24 
Rochefoucault  (Fred,  de  Roye  de  la),  epitaph,  425 
RockstafF,  i.  e.  distaff,  215,  337 
Roe  (Harry),  the  judges'  trumpeter,  331,  421 
Roger  de  Coverley  tune,  396 
Roger  (J.  C.)  on  Mar's  Work,  Stirling,  191 
Rogers  (Dr.  Charles)  on  anecdotes  of  dogs,  454 

Dempster  (Geo.),  Junius  claimant,  204 

"  Gift  of  the  gab,"  337 

Hymnology,  232,  246 

Ordination  in  Scotland  in  1682,  217 

Portrait  of  Sir  Robert  Aytoun,  491 

Positions  in  sleeping,  224 

Robinson  (Rev.  Robert),  hymn,  204 

St.  Andrew's  bells,  509 

Scottish  archseology,  194 

Scott  (Sir  Walter)  and  his  friends,  528 

Whey  and  rheumatism,  204 
Rogers  (John),  a  Fifth-monarchy  man,  88 
Rogers  (Roddy),  the  cripple,  56 
Rolle  (Richard)  of  Hampole,  Prose  Treatises,  27 
Roman  alphabet,  495 
Roman  Catholics,  penal  laws  against,  87 
Roman  Catholic  periodicals,  2,  29,  154,  265 
Roman  funereal  stone  at  Guildhall,  London,  374 
Rome  pronounced  room,  26,  65,  446 
Romilly  (Sir  Samuel),  sale  catalogue,  255;  "  Fragment 

on  the  Duties  of  Juries,"  138 
Roo-dee,  origin  of  the  name,  237 
Roodscreens  in  Norfolk,  paintings  on,  112 
Roome  (John),  Nelson's  signalman  at  Trafalgar,  330 
Roos  church  tower,  60 

Ros,  or  Roos  (Sir  John  de),  his  family,  193,  303 
Rose  of  Normandy,  a  tavern  sign,  113 
Rossetti  (D.  G.)  on  Luigi  Angeloni,  463 
Rossiter  (Colonel),  co.  Wexford,  194 
Rougemont  (Mrs.  Irving)  on  Apostle  and  Revolutionists 

of  Holland,  93 
Roundels  :  verses  on  fruit  trenchers,  18,  86,  226,  346 
Rouse  (N.)  on  the  emperors  of  Morocco,  1 1 
Rowley  (Wm.),  phrases  in  "  Witch  of  Edmonton,"  518 
Royal  effigies  abroad,  160 
Royd,  as  a  local  termination,  414,  491 
Riickert  (Friedrich),  German  poet,  85 
Rugby  church  tower,  60 
Rumford  (Count),  noticed,  443 
Rush  rings,  226 

Rushton,  CO.  Northampton,  77,  162 
Ruspini  (F.  Orde)  on  Jenyns  families,  10 
Russell  (C.  P.)  on  Rochefoucault  family,  425 
Russell  (John),  artist,  162 
Rust  removed  from  metals,  235,  409 


556 


INDEX. 


Eusticus  ou  "As  clean  as  a  whistle,"  510 

Obsolete  phrases,  443 

"Lass  of  Eichmond  Hill,"  362,  489 
Rye  (Walter)  on  double  acrostics,  408 


S.  on  change  of  baptismal  name,  175 

Derbyshire  ballads,  526 

"  Dying  in  the  last  ditch,"  316 

Emmet  family,  376 

Old  painting,  497 

Tennyson's  "  Elaine,"  464 

Winton  Domesday,  296 
Sabbath  not  merely  a  Puritan  term,  50,  220 
Safa  on  child  wife  pew,  138 

Curious  entry  in  a  parish  register,  331 

Marriage  of  George  III.  or  lY.,  194 

Men's  heads  covered  in  church,  137 

Proverb:  "The  rooks  left  Chipchase,"  172 

Punning  mottoes,  262 

Westminster  bishopric  and  sufifragan  bishops,  258 
S.  (A.  G.)  on  punning  mottoes,  366 
St.  Andrew,  his  biography,  279,  345 
St.  Andrews,  Fifeshire,  bell  insciiptions,  436,  508 
St.  Augustine,  passage  in  his  writings,  497 
St.  Barbe,  a  place  on  board  ship,  157,  265 
St.  Bernard,  hymn  "  Jesu  dulcis  memoria,"  271;  tract 

on  Conversion,  138,  286 
St.  Hilary's  day,  138,  243 
St.  Jeron,  priest  and  martyr,  112 
St.  John,  Theophilus,jw€;<t7.,  397 
St.  John's  Gospel,  its  autlienticity,  13 
St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields,  altar  piece,  54 
St.  Maurice  and  St.  Lazarus,  Order  of,  64,  206 
St.  Michael  and  haberdashery,  418,  490 
St.  Michael's  Mount,  Cornwall.  215,  357 
St.  Molio  of  the  Holy  Island,  194,  334,  499 
St.  Mango,  noticed,  42 
St.  Patrick,  hymn  in  his  praise,  249 
St.  Paul's  Walk,  a  promenade,  224 
St.  Salvator's  church  bell  inscriptions,  436,  508 
St.  Simon  Stock,  noticed,  58 
St.  Swithin  on  "  A  soul  above  buttons,"  356 

Gab,  its  derivation,  338 

Greek  epigram,  509 

Marchpane,  its  derivation,  345 

Meguilp,  origin  of  the  name,  491 

Simile  on  translations,  527 
St.  Th.,  Philadelphia,  on  Americanisms,  21 

America  and  caricatures,  23 

Phreas  or  Freas  (John),  35 
St.  Thomas's  shrine,  Madras,  mission  to,  36 
Salmagundy,  a  concoction,  242,  266 
Salmon,  its  price  in  1486,  116 
Salmon  (Dr.  Thomas),  portrait,  418 
"  Salt-bearer,"  an  Etonian  periodical,  477 
Salamanders  of  the  cabalists,  69 
Salmon  and  apprentices,  123 
Salstonstall  (Wye),  noticed,  68 
Saltfoot  controversy,  241 
Samian  pottery,  73 
Sandford  parish,  Oxfordshire,  68 
Sandilands  (Wm.)  a  relic  of  Trafalgar,  399,  482 
Sands  (R.  C.)  "  Literary  Works,"  95 


Saudtoft  French  register,  153 

Sandwich  men  in  London,  330 

Sanet  on  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  116 

Sanhedrim,  its  derivation,  478,  527 

Sandys  of  Ombersley,  arms,  430 

Sardinian  stone,  its  medical  virtues,  117 

Sasines,  its  derivation,  39 

Savoy  arms,  81,  282 

Savoy  (Charles  Emmanuel  II.  Duke  of),  his  Duchess 

Regent,  76,  125 
Saxton  (Christopher),  his  maps,  48 
S.  (B.  E.)  on  William  Preston,  47 
Scandinavian  literature,  378 
Scharf  (George)  on  Westminster  portrait  of  Richard  II. 

Wrilps  (Wick),  pictor,  31 
Schin  on  advertising,  its  history,  1 78 

Betting  in  ancient  times,  119 

Jorio  (Andrea  di),  pamphlet,  301 

Portrait  of  the  Earl  of  Auckland,  343 

Punning  mottoes,  145 

Quotation  from  Homer,  24 

"  Stricken  in  years,"  64 

Teague,"  an  Irish  name,  347 
Scipio  and  Lselius  playing  at  ducks  and  drakes,  139 
Sciscitator  on  "Merry  pin,"  and  calender,  420 

"  Not  lost,  but  gone  before,"  163 
Scot,  a  local  prefix,  12,  86,  155,  239,  283,  345 
Scotch  colony  of  Darien,  398,  469 
Scotch  Jacobite  letters,  309 
Scotland,  elections  in  1722,  52 
Scotland,  episcopal  ordination  in  1682,  75,  217 
Scotland,  history  of,  168 
Scotland,  the  Justiciary  Court,  25 
Scotland,  Valuation  Rolls,  217 
Scoto-Presbyter  ou  laymen  preaching,  303 

Ordination  in  Scotland,  303 
Scots  College  at  Paris,  314 
Scott  (F.  J.)  ou  Wm.  Sandilands,  482 
Scott  (George  Robinson),  Advocate,  80,  81,  240 
Scott  (Rev.  Hew).  "  Fasti  Ecclesiffi  Scoticanse,"  273 
Scott  (Robert)  of  Bawtrie,  138 
Scott  (S.  D.)  on  guns  and  pistols,  187 
Scott  (Sir  Walter)  and  his  literary  friends,  a  print,  457, 
528;  paper  on  "jElia  Lselia  Crispis,"  213;  transla- 
tion of  "  The  Noble  Moringer,"  381,  424 
Scottish  and  English  money,  315 
Scottish  church,  its  ancient  records,  314;  "Fasti  Eccle- 

sias  ScoticanEe,"  273 
Scottish  episcopacy,  218,  303 
Scottish  Highlanders  in  America,  397,  490 
Scottish  Index  Expurgatorius,  37 
Scottish  people,  traits  and  stories  of,  451 
Scottish  Record  Indexes,  212,  263 
Scotus  on  portrait  of  Sir  R.  Aiton,  437 
Scroggs  (Chief  Justice),  descendants,  378,  468 
Scrutator  or  Sanhedrim,  478 
Scudamore  (James),  "  Homer  a  la  Mode,"  297 
S.  (D.)  on  "  Come,  gentle  Sleep,"  &c.  450 

Scott  (Sir  Walter),  parody,  511 

Scroggs  family,  46S 
S.  (E.)  on  assemblies  of  birds,  166 

Cithern:  Rebeck,  musical  instruments,  174 

Hornsby,  (Dr.  Thomas),  295 

Seaforth  (Earl  of),  biography,  236 

Wills,  couutry  registries  of,  4^8 
Seaford  church,  sepulchral  relics,  379,  490 


INDEX. 


557 


Seaforth  (Wm.  fifth  Earl  of)  bioarraphv,  236 

Seaham  church,  dial  inscription,  33 

Seal,  mediseval,  469 

Sealing  the  stone,  Matt,  xsvii.  66,  478,  527 

Sealing-wax  reproduced,  27 

Search  (John),pse«<d,  i.e.  Abp.  Whately,  32.5,  429,  464, 

511 
Sebastian  on  the  Chevalier  D'Aj^as,  34 

Fisher  (Thomas),  M.D.  143 

Lord  Lieutenant's  chaplains,  107 

lilarlborough  (Duke  of),  generals,  85 

Pallone,  a  game.  333 

Princess  Amelia,  259 

Tatton  (Lieat.-Gen.  William),  243 

Wood  (Sir  James),  regiment,  411 
Seddon  family,  291 

Sedgwick  (D.),  on  Thomas  Olivers's  hymn,  184 
Segkr  (Sir  William),  portrait,  430 
S.  (E.  J.)  on  Colonel  John  Burcli,  436 
S.  (E.  L.)  on  contributors  to  Dudsley's  poems,  172 

Conjugal  misunderstanding.  242 

Harding  (Clement),  epitaph,  311 

Prophecy  by  Regiomontanus,  475 

Parsley=field-grass,  430 

Segar  (Sir  William),  portrait,  430 

Urban  (Sylvanus),  descendant,  416 
Senescens  on  Hamlet  with  the  part  of  Hamlet  omitted, 
518 

Herb  pudding,  477 

"  To  give  the  cold  shoulder,"  498 
Senex  on  Beaufoy  family,  215 

Chaplains  to  archbi.shops  and  bishops,  203 

Peers' residences  in  1689,  266 

Eome  pronounced  room,  26 
Sergeant-major,  his  duties,  446,  501 
Sergison  family,  379 

Serres  (Olivia),  writings,  11,  111,  131,  196,  352 
Servants'  tea  and  sugar,  192 
Setons,  Earls  of  Winton,  151 
Sever  (Dr.  Henry),  Warden  of  Merton  College,  520 
Seville  cathedral,  dancing  before  the  altar,  132,  207,  244 

S.  (F,  M.)  on  Edinbnrgh  occurrences  in  1688,  96 
"Fasti  Ecclesise  Scoticanse,"  273 
Macaulay  (Archibald),  Lnrd  Provost,  55 
Marlborough's  generals,  185 
Ordinations  in  Scotland  in  1682,  75 
"Penny  Magazine,"  reprinted  articles,  194 
Picture  cleaning,  7  7 
Valuation  Rolls",  Scotland,  217 
S.  (F.  R.)  on  positions  in  sleeping,  365 

Vondel's  poetry,  428 
Shadwell  (Thomas),  poet  laureate,  174 
Shakspeare  (William),  designated  "  Sweet  Shakspeare  " 
in  "  Polymanteia,"  401;  portrait,  332;  Bible  trans- 
lation used  by  him,  12 ;  letter  of  Thomas  Lucy  of 
Charlcot,  349;  Earl  of  Leicester's  players,  350;  song 
on  his  mulberry  tree,  315;  illustrated  by  Slassinger 
and  Field,  433 

Shaksperiana : — 

Hamlet:  Act  IIL  sc.  4:  "House  the  Devil,"  22, 

383 
Hamlet  with  the  part  of  Hamlet  omitted,  518 
Julius  Cfesar,  Act  II.  sc.  1 :  "  For  if  thou  path 

thy  native  semblance  on,"  251 


Shaksperiana :  — 

King  Henry  IV.,  First  Part,  Act  I.  sc.  2 :  "  Lincoln- 
shire bagpipe,"  171 

King  John,  Act  V.  sc.  2  :  "  Your  nation's  crow," 
251 

King  Lear,  Act  II.  sc.  2 :  "  Comest  to  tlie  warm 
sun,"  413,  463;  Act  IL  sc.  4:  "Strike  her 
young  hordes,"  251 

Merry  AVives  of  Windsor,  Act  I.  sc.  1:  "Dozen 
white  luces"  349,  461 ;  Act  II.  sc.  2,  "  Will 
you  go  An-heires,"  73 

Macbeth,  Act  L  sc.  5 :  "  Blanket  of  the  dark,"  505 

Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  Act  II.  sc.  1 :  "  I  am 
sun  burnt"  413 

Richard  III.,  Act  L  sc.  2 :  "  hey  cold  fiirure,"  171 

Romeo  and  Juliet,  Act  IV.  sc.  5:  "Clianged  our 
wedding  cheer  to  a  funeral  feast,"  32,  124 

Tempest,  Act  I.  sc.  1 :  "  A  plague  upon  this  howl- 
ing," 251;  Actl.  sc.  2:  "  Mediterranean ^fe," 
171 

Twelfth  Night,  Act  I.  sc.  5 :  "  And  for  turning 
away,  let  summer  bear  it,"  252 

Winter's  Tale,  Act  II.  sc.  1 :  "  I  would  land-damn 
him,"  435 
Shank's  nag,  proverbial  saying,  365 
Sharp  (William)  surgeon,  497 
Shaving  at  crossing  the  line,  177,  324 
Shaw  (J.  B.)  on  the  use  of  the  word  Jolly,  161 

Virgil  and  singing  of  birds,  411 
Sheffield  (John),  nonconformist  minister,  401 
Shell,  a  musical  instrument,  128 
Shelley  (P.  B),  "Adonais,"  44,   106,   163,  265,  343 

Reading  in  "  The  Cloud,"  311,  428; 

'■'Sensitive  Plant,"  397,  469 
Sheni  on  angels  of  the  churches,  207 
Sherborne  Abbey,  Card.  Wolsey's  bell,  479 
Sheriff,  position  of  the  High,  398 
Sheriffs'  pillars,  1 37 

Shirley  (E.  P.)  on  peers'  residences,  109,  365 
Shore  used  for  sewer,  397,  448,  491 
Shorter  (Katherine),  parentage,  496 
S.  (H.  P.)  on  Gibbon's  librarV,  39 
Shrewsbury  Grammar  School,  plays  at,  354 
Shrupp  (John)  on  the  meaning  of  Menmath,  244 
Sibbes  (Richard),  collected  Works,  471 
Siberia,  its  aborigines,  332 
Sibylline  oracles,  144 
Sicilian  heraldic  eagle,  215 
Sieve  and  riddle  the  same  article,  459 
Sikes  (J.  C.)  on  Arthur  Warwick,  57 
Silkworms,  MS.  treatise  on,  457 
Simile  of  translations,  266,  527 
Simmonds  (Mary)  on  the  Aeedle's  eye,  254 
Simpson  (Edward),  forger  of  antiquities,  310,  365 
Sirbonian  Bog,  356 

Sisyphus  on  Wedderburn  and  Franklin,  12 
S.  (J.)  on  coffins  at  Charlotte  Town,  214 

Stuarts  of  Bute,  458 
S.  (J.)  Birmingham,  on  Catchem's  End,  294 
S.  (J.)  Stratford,  on  "  Corruptio  optimi  pessima,"  267 
Skeat  (W.  W.)  on  "  Atone,"  403 

Bernar,  a  dog-keeper,  191 

Charm,  a  chorus,  382 

Christ-cross  row,  352 

Callabre,  its  meanmg,  144 

Christmas  Day  poem,  7 


558 


INDEX. 


Skeat  (W.W.)  on  Cocknejism,  earJv,  84 

Derivation  of  Caress,  504 

Dutch  and  other  languages,  25 

Early  English  Text  Society,  264 

English  without  articles,  52 

Gab  :  Rockstaff,  337 

Griffin,  origin  of  the  word,  504 

Honi,  its  derivalion,  4S1 

Kell  Well,  its  meaninfr,  24 

Key-cold,  examples  of  its  use,  171 

Levesell,  its  derivation,  284 

Liveing,  its  meaning,  286 

Langland  (William  de),  early  poet,  236 

Luther's  distich,  449 

Obsolete  phrases,  444 

Pictures,  two-faced,  346 

Proverbs:  '■  As  dead  as  a  door  nail,'-  173,  361 

Putting  a  man  under  the  pot,  277 

St.  Andrew's  bell  inscription,  508 

St.  Mich.nel  and  haberdashery,  490 

Shore  for  sewer,  491 
Skinner  (Augustine),  regicide,  478,  526 
Skinner  (Cyriack)  and  Julin  ililton,  12,  48,  98 
Skinner  (Wm.),  mayor  of  Hull,  98 
Slade  families,  77,  203;  derivation  of  the  came,  346, 

451 
Slate=to  abuse,  520 
Sleeping,  positions  in,  125,  224,  365 
Sleford  (Rev.  John),  Canon  of  Ripon,  his  brass,  520 
Sleigh  (John)  on  the  execution  ot  Louis  XVL,  396 
Slick  (Sam)  on  an  old  clock,  256 
SHngsby  (Sir  Henry),  tomb,  53,  183 
S.  (M.  G.)  on  MSS.  belonging  to  Queen  Margaret,  35 
Smith  (George)  nonjuror,  anonymous  works,  254 
Smith  (J.  H.)  on  rush  rings,  226 
Smith  (Capt.  John),  ballads  on  him,  399,  441 
Smith  (Sir  Michael),  marriage,  410 
Smith  (W.  J.  B.)  on  an  ancient  chapel,  47 

Dancing  before  the  high  altar,  244 

Dante  query,  62 

Foreign  orders  of  knighthood,  141 

Bust  removed  ficm  metals,  344 

Sword,  notice  of  a  remarkable  one,  51 

Wheel  lock  pistols,  388 
Smollett  (Tobias),  allusion  in  "  Humphrey   Clinker," 

353,  491 
Smyth  (Miles),  paraphrase  of  the  Psalms,  420 
S.  (0.)  on  Judge  Crawley,  177 
Society  for  Constitutional  Information,  478 
Sode,  to  boil,  explained,  499 
Sodam,  at  Bilston,  493 

Soho,  registry  book  of  the  Greek  clinrch,  157 
Somerset  (Abbot)  of  Bristol  inouastery,  153 
Somerset  family,  its  origin,  497 

Songs  and  Ballads : — 

A  ji)l!y  fat  friar  loved  liquor  good  store,  76,  327 
,         Behold  this  fair  collet,  &c.,  315 

British  Grenadiers,  419 

Caledonian  hunt's  delight,  158,  321,  487 

Come  take  out  the  lasses,  332 

Danger  of  Love,  or,  the  Unhappy  Maiden  of  Cheap- 
side,  150 

Derbyshire  ballads,  454 

Dutch  ballad,  19,  205 

Gipsies'  song,  454 


Songs  and  Ballads:  — 

Glen  (Capt),  "  Unhappy  Voyage,''  419,  498 

Gluggity  Glug,  76,  327 

I  saw  a  ship  sailing  on  the  sea,  441 

Joe  the  Marine,  356 

Johnnie  Dowie's  Ale,  77 

Lanr.ent  for  the  Loss  of  "  The  Union,"  419 

Lass  of  Richmond  ,Hill.  343,  3G2,  386,  445,  489 

JIarseillais  Hymn,  36,  79 

Peaceful  slumbering  on  the  ocean,  315 

Sea-fii-ht  between  Captain  Ward  and  the  Rainbow, 
419 

Shenkin;  "Of  a  noble  race  was  Shenkin,"  316, 
348,  451 

Shakspeare's  mulbtrry  tree,  315 

Sir  .A  age,  185 

Sir  Andrew's  Dream,  332,  447 

Tales  of  Terror,  303 

The  Caled.mian  Hunt's  Delisht.  158 

The  Dead  Men  of  Pes-th,  185,  246,  408,  424 

The  Noble  Moringer,  381,  425 

The  Two  Drovers,  36 

When  Adam  was  laid  in  soft  flumber,  96,  143, 
163,  287,  392 

Woman  and  the  Poor  Scholar,  395 

Ye  Banks  and  Braes  o'  bonnie  Doon,  158,  -321 
"  Sorrel,"  couplet  on,  393 
Sotheran  (Charles)  on  Liddell  family,  404 

Thomas  Southern,  216 
S.mthern  (Thomas),  biography,  216,  326,  450 
Suuthey  (Robert),  paper  on  Wm.  Chamberlayne,  393 
Sovereigns  of  Queen  Victoria  with  figures,  497 
Sp.  on  extraordinary  assemblage  of  birds,  10,  361 

Browning  (Elizabeth  Bnrrett),  477 

De  Ros,  or  Roos,  family,  193 

Eagle  of  Sicily,  215 

Egyptian  art,  &c.  391 

Inscriptions  on  old  pictures,  233 

Leslie  family,  498 

Parsley  used  at  funerals,  312 

O'Shee  coat  armorial,  494 

National  music,  293 

Reason  or  instinct  in  cats,  204 

Thumb  biting,  204 

Willow  pattern,  406 

Walsh  of  Castle  Hoel,  495 
S.  (P.  A.)  tn  Queen  Charlotte  and  Chev.  D'Eon,  286 

Poets  remembering  their  youth,  343      '^  *t-  L- 

Priestley  (Dr.)  destruction  of  his  library,  188 
Spain  and  England,  Negotiations  between.  188 
Spal.  on  Penn  family,  125 
Spalding  priory  seal,  194,  307,  485 
Spanish  dramatists,  289 
Spanish  reverence  for  human  life,  233 
Spanish  saying  :  "  Adevino  de  Valderas,"  490 
Speidell  (Rev.  T.),  "  Love  in  a  Cowl,"  297 
Spelman's  neep,  257,  426 
Spenser  (Edmund)  and  Turberville,  418 
Spenser  Society  formed,  308 
Spottiswoode  family  motto,  485 
S.  (R.  B.)  on  burning  of  the  Jesuits'  books,  85 
S.  (S.  D.)  on  William  Balcombe,  327 

Scott  (Robert),  of  Bawtrie,  138 
S.  (S.  F.)  on  Edward  VI.'s  commissioners,  400 
S.  (T.)  on  Dante  query,  137 
Stafford,  Talbot,  &c.,  a  deed,  13 


INDEX. 


559 


Stairs:  "A  pair  of  Stairs,"'   45,   45,  124,   127,  207, 

327,  466,486 
Standerwick  (J.  W.)  on  peers'  residences,  224 
Stanley  (Dr.  Nicholas),  noticed,  399 
Star  Chamber,  Lord  Coke's  opinions  of,  10,  162 
Starlings,  battle  of,  at  Cork,  106,  220 
Stars,  falling,  32,  48,  164 
Steelyard,  Dowgate  Wharf,  332 
Sterborough  Castle  in  Surrey,  314 
Stevvardson  (T.),  jun.,  on  Win.  Penn,  275 

Spel man's  neep,  257  ^ 

Washington  (Pres.),  religious  opinions,  43 

Whittle,  its  meaning,  247 
Stewart  family  of  Athol,  277 
S.  (T.  G.)  on  Lord  Provosts  of  Edinburgh,  163 

Piiikerton's  Correspondence,  165,  264 

Robertson  (George),  his  works,  81 

Scottish  records,  264 
Stilton,  Hunts,  discovery  of  stone  coflius,  129,  281 
Stone  in  keystone,  257,  383 
Stonor  family,  116,  183,  286,  335 
Stool-ball,  a  game,  457 
Story,  an  old  one  revived,  370 
Stourbridge  fair,  443,  512 

Stradling  (Sir  Thomas)  of  St.  Donei's  Castle,  153 
Stranger  deuved  from  E,  295,  431 
Stuart  family  of  Bute, '4 58 
Stuart  papers,  their  fate,  314 

Stuart  (Charles  Edward),  grandson  of  Jame.s  IL,  por- 
trait, 508 
Suflblk  (Wm.  De  la  Pole,  1st  Duke  of),  character,  33 
Superstition  in  Hungary,  113 

Surrey  (Henry  Howard,  Earl  of),  Poems  and  Life.  208 
Sussex  (Eleanor  Wortley,  Countess  of),  portrait,  37 
Swan  marks,  works  on,  316,  428 
Swatfal  Hall,  378,  463 

Swedenborg  (Emanuel),  arms,  496;  "  Li.''e  and  Writ- 
ings," 208 
S.  (W.  H.)  on  alphabet  bells,  322 

Christening  sermon,  10 

Hours  of  divine  service  and  meals  tenij).  James  I.,  77 

Inscriptions  on  Angelus  bells,  531 

Octave  days  in  the  English  church,  450 

Phrases:  '"Gift  of  the  gab,"  &c.,  215 

Torches  of  former  times,  97 
Swift  family,  236 

Swift  (Dick),  highwayman,  portrait,  117 
Swifle  (E.  L.)  on  Richard  Dean,  regicide,  482 

Oldest  volunteer,  253 
"  Swindon,"  parody  on  "  HohenlinJen,"  419,  506 
Sword,  a  remarkable  one,  51,  164 
Sword  with  the  word  "  Sahagviii,"  296,  431 
S.  (W.  W.)  on  the  Rev.  Wm.  Chafin,  63 

Potenger  (John),  Esq.,  116 
Synonyms  and  Antonyms,  532 


Table-turning  noticed  by  Jeremy  Bentham,  97 

"  Tablet"  newspaper,  30 

Tacamahac  balsam,  194,  262 

Talbot  (Sir  Theodore),  noliced,  36 

Tancred  family  of  Whisley,  124 

Taniield  (Sir  Laurence),  his  wife's  name,  56,  167 

Tangier,  works  en,  379 


Tannock  (Mr.),  portrait- painter,  344 

Tatton  (Lieut.-Gcn.  William),  185,  243 

Taxiaxi  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  259 

Taylor  (H.  W.  S.)  on  Arn,itai:e,  391 
Darwell  (Rev.  John),  409 
Death  by  guillotine,  411 
Liddell  family,  404 
Mulltrooshill,  388 

Taylor  (John),  author  of  "Monsieur  Tonson,"  348 

T.  (C.)  on  bowing  to  the  quarterdeck,  77 
House  of  Keys:  Tasiaxi,  259 

T.  (C.  E.)  on  "  Tales  of  Terror,"  303 

T.  (C.  P.)  on  "  Conspicuou.-i  for  his  absence,"  433 

Teague,  an  Irish  name,  296,  347,  448 

Temperance  stanzas,  113 

Temple  (Earl),  caricatured,  77 

Templeton  (James),  "  The  Shipwrecked  Lovers,"  175 

Tenebra;,  ofHce  of,  501 

Tennenl  (Sir  J.  E.)  on  Bonaparte's  family  name,  307 

Tennyson  (Alfred),  burial  place  of  Elaine,  and  hcality 
of  Camelot,  215,  336,  464 

Tette'  or  Tet,  a  local  name,  399 

Tewars  on  Miink's  "  R.,11  of  Phy.sicians,"  96 

T.  (G.  D.)  on  French  topography,  127 

T.  (G.  F.)  on  wooden  horse  punishment,  97 

Thanks:  thank  you,  66,  326 

Theatre,  the  first  in  New  South  Wales,  476 

Theatre  mottoes,  73 

T.  (H.  H.)  on  hair  standing  on  end,  409 

Thirlby  (Thomas),  Bishop  of  Westminster,  253 

Thomas  (Ralph)  on  Adolphus's  "  History  of  England,"  74 
Boulton's  "  Vindication  of  History  of  Magick,"  1 1 4 
British  Museum,  donations  of  books,  305 
"  Histoire  des  Diables  moderncs,"  506 
Notes  and  Queries,  a  suggestion,  293 
Notes  in  books,  292 
Pantomimes,  225 

Phillips  (Sir  Richard),  "A  Million  of  Facts,"  265 
Plowden  (Ed;nund),  lost  tract,  184 
Querard's  unpublished  manuscripts,  475 
"Robinson  Crusoe,"  and  "  Princess  Caraboo,"  374 
Eomilly  (Sir  S.),  "  Duties  of  Juries,"  138  ;  Cata- 
logue, 255 
St.  John,  Theophilus,  397 
Search  {John),  jjseud.,  429,  464 
Society  for  Constitutional  Information,  478 
"  Strictures  on  Lives  of  Eminent  Ls.wyers,"  146] 
"  The  Key  of  Paradise,"  175 
Willan  (Thomas),  M.D.,  portrait,  176 

Thorns  (W.  J.)  on  Queen  Charlotte  and  the  Chevalier 
D'Eon,  209 
Halket  (Lady  Ann),  "Memoirs,"  115 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  89,  110,  131,  218,  484 

Thomson  (George),  author  of  "Collection  of  Scottish 
Songs,"  279 

Thomson    (James),   poet,  portraits,  415;    passage   in 
"  Liberty,"  257,  343,  467 

Thorney  Abbey,  its  French  register,  353 

Thornton  (Abraham),  trial  by  battle,  407,  463 

Tiirockinorton  family  of  Devonshire,  36 

Thumb,  popular  uses  of  the  word,  204 

Tiedeman  (H,)  on  books  for  learning  Dutch,  205 
Dutch  ballad,  205 
Emperors  of  Morocco,  224 
French  topography,  221 
Vonde],  a  Dutch  poet,  314 


560 


INDEX. 


Tiger  Club,  150 

Tiles  and  roofs  taxed  by  the  Romans,  116,  207 
Till  (W.  J.)  on  Sir  William  Brereton,  80 
Betting,  365 

Edinburgh  occurrences,  203 
T.  (J.  E.)  on  pink  tvpifyins:  excellence,  139 
T.  (M.)  on  double  acrostic,  203,  408 
T.  (N.  W.)  on  Bentham's  notice  of  table-turning,  97 
Tobacco,  bibliography  of,  314 ;  allusions  to,  99 
Tobacco  drinking,  324 

Todd  (Dr.  J.  H.)  on  the  meaning  of  Calaber,  225 
Togato  on  Briget  Coke,  476 
Tollesbury  church,  Essex,  94 
Tombstones  and  their  inscriptions,  429,  491,  531 
Tomlinson  (G.  W.)  on  vessel-cup  girls,  144 
Tommy-shop  explained,  248 
Toothache,  Gloucestershire  cure  for  it,  233 
Tooth  sealing,  450,  491,  523 
Topsy  turvy,  its  etymology,  77 
Torches,  how  formerly  made,  97,  184 
Tottenham  (H.  L.)  on  Clayton  family,  477 
Calthorpe  (Sir  James),  marriage,  506 
Cusack  family,  527,  528 
Grey  horses  in  Dublin,  353 
Reynolds  pedigree,  467 
Townley  (Charles),  visiting  card,  254 
Townley  (Rev.  James),    "High   Life   Below   Stairs," 

247 
Townsend  (G.  F.)  on  the  tune  of  Roger  de  Coverley, 

396 
Trafalgar,  a  relic  of,  399,  482 
Tragett  (George)  on  church  in  Portugal,  136 
Dancing  in  churches,  326 
Trance,  its  reli:;ious  mysteries,  476 
French  topography,  10 
French  proverb,  495 
Mosheim's  work  on  the  Beguines,  176 
Translations  and  tapestry,  266,  527 
Treasure  trove  at  Palestine,  53 
Treasury  giievance,  454 

Trelawny  (C.  T.  C.)  on  Christopher  Collins,  160 
Trench  (Francis)  on  anecdote  of  David  Hume,  292 
Chevenix  (Bishop),  portrait,  438 
Montezuma's  golden  cup,  377,  446 
Trepolpen  (P.  W.)  on  heathen  sacrifices,  451 

Virgil  and  singing  of  birds,  411 
Tretane  on  price  of  salmon  in  1486,  116 
Trevelvan  (Sir  W.  C.)  on  English-French  Vocabulary, 
'330 

Scottish  elections  in  1722,  52 
Trimen  (Henry)  on  "  Botanicum  Londinense,"  420 
Tristis  en  an  unknown  sonnet,  478 
Trocade'ro  noticed  in  "Orlando  Furioso,"  478 
Trouveur  (Jean  le)  on  Philip  le  Beau,  173 
T.  (R.  S.)  on  De  Seurth  family,  301 
"  Tullj's  Three  Books  of  Offices,"  133 
Tnrberville  (Geo.)  and  Spencer,  418 
Turpin  (Richard),  supposed  ride  to  York,  440,  505 
T.  (W.  H.  W.)  on  male  and  female  births,  300 
Scroggs  (Chief- Justice),  468 
Topographical  querie.-,  488 
"  Twins,"  a  comedv  by  W.  H.  B.,  442 
T.  (W.  J.)  on  valentines,  125 
Tyler  and  Heard  families,  37 
Tyrrell  (Ward)  on  two  songs,  315 


U. 

Uneda  on  Carrion,  447 

Dab,  its  meaning,  448 

Dante's  mythology,  23 

Endeavour  as  a  reflective  verb,  448 

Hoop  petticoats  among  Quakers,  73 

Room,  goold,  &c.,  446 

Theatre  mottoes,  73 
"  Universal  News,"  31,  155,  265 
Uley  cturch,  Gloucestershire,  its  organ,  295,  46.3 
Urban  \Sylvanus),  descendants,  416 
U.  (U.)  on  assemblies  of  birds,  220 

Old  story  revived,  370 


V. 


Valentin  (Mr.),  quoted,  97 

Valentines,  their  history,  37,  125 

Valuation  Rolls  of  Scotland,  217 

Vanbrue:h  Castle,  Blackheath,  245 

Vane  (H.  J3.)  on  "  Hambletonian  "  and  "  Diamond,"  241 

Slade  (Edward),  203 
Weston  family,  27 
V.  (E.)  on  bows  and  arrows,  67 
■  Thomson's  "  Liberty,"  468 
Vernon  (Francis),  "  Oxonium,  a  Poem,"  420 
Veronese  (Paul),  picture  formerly  at  Hampton  Court, 

354;  restoration  of  one  of  his  portraits,  49 
Vertegans  family,  458 
Vessel-cup  girls  in  Yorkshire,  9,  144 
Vicar  and  Curate,  lines  on  a,  235,  389 
Victoria  (Queen),  sovereigns  with  figures,  497 
Vieux-Dieu,  name  of  a  village,  116 
Villars  (Montfaucon  de),  "  Count  of  Gabalis,"  69 
Ville,  its  use  in  composition,  379 
Virgil  and  singing  of  birds,  314,  411,  451 
Visitation  throughout  England,  1547,  400 
V.  (M.)  on  Jacobite  verses,  202 
Volunteer,  the  oldest  in  England,  253.  319 
Vondel  (Justus  van  den),  poetry,  314,  428 
Vowel  changes,  a,  aio,  94,  223,  326,  447,  510,  525 
V.  (S.  P.)  on  the  Duke  of  Courland,  24 

Eglinton  tournament,  162 

Quartermaster,  &c.,  446 

Richardson  (Lady),  83 

Skinner  family,  526 

Stonor  family,  286 


W. 


W.  on  "  As  dead  as  a  door-nail,"  324 

Dial  inscription,  123 

Homer,  Iliad  ix.  313,  123 

Horse-chesnut,  123 

ilapes  (Walter),  a  Welshman,  298 

Llary  Queen  of  Scots  at  Lochleven,  400,  485 

Prior  (Matthew),  poems,  423 
W.  (A.)  on  Parvenche,  its  derivation,  345 

Psalm  tunes,  345 
Wadmoll,  a  coarse  cloth,  73 
W.  (A.  E.)  on  Richard  Dean,  regicide,  417 
Wager  of  battle,  the  last,  407,  463 
Wait  (Seth)  on  Eglinton  tournament,  21 


INDEX. 


561 


Wait  (Seth)  on  Falling  stars,  32 

Prologue  to  "  The  Revenge,"  476 
Wake  (H.  T.)  on  medal  of  William  III.,  11 
Walcott  (M.  E.  C.)  on  Calabre  Amess,  307 

Dr.  Walcot,  526 
Waldeby  (Abp.  Robert),  biography,  520 
Walker  (Rev.  Wm.),  noticed,  257 
Walker  (W.  S.),  Greek  verses,  456 
Wallace  (Sir  William),  visit  to  France,  510 
Waller  (Edmund),  quoted,  334 
Walpole  (Sir  Robert),  first  wife,  496,  531 
Walsh  of  Castle  Hoel,  arms,  495 
Walsli  (Peggy),  her  longevity,  72 
Walton  (Izaak),  errors  in  "  Compleat  Angler,"  105 
Ward  (Edward),  "  Hudibras  Redivivus,"  380 
Ward  (Rev.  Nathaniel),  works,  237 
Warwick  (Arthur),  author  of  "  Spare  Minutes,"  57 
Warwick  (Robert  Rich,  2iid  Earl  of),  intended  duel 

with  Lord  Cavendish,  519 
Washington  (Pres.  George),  religious  faith,  43 
Wassail-cup  hymn,  144 
Waste  paper,  its  sale,  27 
Watches,  their  iuventor,  496,  531 
Watts  (Isaac),  Hymns  quoted,  194 
Waylen  (J  )  on  Cromwell  family,  467 
W.  (C.  A-)  on  "  Blood  is  thicker  than  water,"  103 
Massy-tincture  prints,  86 
"  Murder  will  out,"  47 

"  None  but  poets  remember  their  youth,"  510 
Ossian,  translation  of"  Fingal,"  316 
Funning  mottoes,  145 
Relief  of  the  poor,  457 
Sanhedrim,  527 
Shore  for  sewer,  448 
St.  Simon  Stock,  58 
Southern  (Thomas),  biography,  326 
Thomson's  "  Libeity,"  343 
W.  (C.  H.)  on  Lanquet's  Chronicle,  &-c.,  332 
W.  (C.  U.)  on  charm,  a  chorus,  382 
W.  (D.  W.)  on  Killegrew  family,  235 
W.  (E.)  on  the  Duke  of  Bolton,  437 

Meridian  rings,  381 
Weale  (W.  H.  J.)  on  Scottish  burials  at  Ghent,  455 
Weare  (T.  W.)  on  punning  mottoes,  366 
Webster  (David),  Edinburgh  bookseller,  261 
Wedderburn  (Lord  Chancellor)  and  Benj.  Franklin,  12 
Wedding,  a  silver  and  golden,  432 
WeUingborough  church,  its  dedication,  75,  243,  387 
Wellington  (Arthur  Duke  of)  and  J.  B.  Isabey,  438 
Wells  (Vice- Admiral  Thomas),  164 
Wesley   (Charles),   hymn  "  Ah,  lovely  appearance  of 

death,"  414,  490 
Westminster  bishopric,  258 
Weston  family,  27 
Westwood  (T.)  on  Bibliotheca  Piscatoria,  98 

Walton  and  Cotton's  "  Compleat  Angler,"  105 
W.  (F.  G.)  on  Dr.  W.  Perfect,  441 
W.  (G.  C.)  on  Kensington  church,  207 
Whalley  (J.  E.)  on  "  Deaf  as  a  beetle,"  410 
Whately  (Abp.)  alias  "  John  Search,"  325,  429 ;  his 

puzzle,  458 
W.  (H.  E.)  on  Durer's  "  Knight,  Death,  and  Devil," 

222 
Wheel-lock  pistols,  245,  388 
Whey  a  cure  for  rheumatism,  97,  204,  267 
Whistler  (G.  W.)  on  Hymnology,  414 


Whitefriars,  Countess  of  Kent's  house,  55 
White  Pines  of  America,  surveyors  of,  101 
Whiter  (Rev.  Walter),  biography,  452 
Whittle,  its  meaning,  247 
Whitty  (Sir  Walter)  and  his  cat,  176 
Wickham  (Wm.)  on  Cromwell  family,  325 
Wigtoft  churchwarden's  accounts,  176 
Wilbraham  (Roger),  sale  of  his  library,  437 
Wilkins  (.L)  B.  C.  L.  on  ..Eschylus'  Agamemnon,  173 
Burning  the  Jesuits'  books,  10 
Champaign  first  imported,  115 
Charles  I.,  the  fate  of  his  head,  465 
England  a  nation  of  shopkeepers,  465 
Junius  and  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  102 
Junius  queries,  36,  444 
"  Letter  from  Albemarle  Street,"  58 
Purling  (John)  and  Sir  Thomas  Rumbold,  55 
Salmon  and  apprentices,  123 
Wilkinson  (F.  C.)  on  "  Les  Anglois  s'amusaient  triste- 

ment,"  44 
Wilkinson    (T.   T.)    on     Dodson's    "  Antilogarithmic 

Canon,"  397 
Willan  (Robert),  M.D.,  portrait,  176 
Willey  (Wm.)  on  Baskerville  House,  427 
William  III.,  saying  "  To  die  in  the  last  dyke,"  316  ; 

silver  medal,  11,  85 
Willow  pattern,  152,  298,  328,  405,  461 
Wills,  country  registries  of,  418 
Wilmot  (Dr.  J.),  the  Junius  claimant,  131 
Wilson  (Dr.  Daniel)  on  Runic  inscription,  499 
Winchester,  picture  at  the  inn  "  The  Good  Intent,"  233 
Winchester  Domesday,  296,  325 

Wing  (Wm.)  on  book  dedicated  to  the  Virgin  Mary,  23, 
166 
Lee  (George)  of  North  Aston,  477 
Menmath,  or  one  man's  math,  205 
Shipton-unJer-Wychwood,  co.  Oxford,  425 
Wingfield  church,  Suffolk,  priest's  room,  519 
Winnington  (Sir  T.  E.)  on  Alscott  and   Baskerville 
House,  427 
Briggs  (Thomas),  lines,  192 
Caress,  its  derivation,  417 
"Discourse  on  the  Catholick  Faith,"  398 
Ecclesiastical  buildings  in  Brittany,  353 
Eton  College  plays,  467 
Flint,  a  local  name,  derivation,  35 
"  Hudibras  Redivivus,"  380 
Maid's-Morton,  Bucks,  tablet,  298 
Morton  (Abp.),  Life,  427 
Oxford  memorials,  138 
Porter's  memorial  tomb,  530 
Punning  mottoes,  366 
Vernon  (Francis),  "  Oxonium,"  420 
Winterfloud,  a  surname,  69,  167 
Winton  (the  Setons,  Earls  of),  151 
Witch  transformations,  180 
Witherspoon  (John),  descendants,  25 
W.  (J.)  on  Glencoe  massacre,  297 
Kell  Wells,  66 

Kirkpatrick  (Dr.  J.),  "  The  Sea-Piece,"  243 
W.  (J.  W.)  on  butterfly,  as  used  by  poets,  506 
Conjugal  misunderstanding,  242 
Shelley's  "  Adonais,"  44 
Shelley's  "  Sensitive  Plant,"  469 
Whately  (Abp.),  his  puzzle,  530 
Wolcot  (Dr.)  alias  Peter  Pindar,  450,  526 


562 


INDEX. 


Wolsey  (Cardinal),  bell  at  Sherborne  Abbey,  479 
Wolsingham  parish  collections,  292 
Wood  (Sir  James),  regiment,  314,  411,  449 
Wooden  horse  rode  as  a  punishment,  97,  165 
Woodward  (B.  B.)  on  Winton  Domesday,  325 
Woodward  (G.  M.)  caricaturist,  1 17,  265 
Woodward  (John),  on  arms  of  Aberdeen  see,  174 

Broeck  (Peter  van  den),  "  Travels,"  176 

Bordure  wavy,  390 

Distich:  "When  Adam  delved,"  &c.,  192 

Fert:  arms  of  Savoy,  81 

Foreign  orders  of  knighthood,  141 

French  bishops,  arms  of  their  sees,  364 

Louis  XV.,  his  mother,  167 

Order  of  St.  Maurice  and  St.  Lazarus,  64 

Prussia,  royal  arms,  64 

Somerset,  abbot  of  Bristol  monastery,  153 

Vieus  Dieu,  a  local  name,  116 
Worcestershire  sauce,  its  inventors,  135 
Wordsworth  (Wm.)  and  the  pet  lamb,  330 
Workhard  (J.  J.  B.)  on  Esquires,  426 

Dissevered  head,  466 

Key  to  a  print  wanted,  354 

Male  and  female  births,  301 

Marriage  ring  disused,  207 

Philistinism,  origin  of  the  word,  478 

Quaker's  Confession  of  Faith,  267 

"  Quid  levius  penna?"  &c.,  528 
Worthington  family,  296 
\y.  (P.)  on  Cottle  family,  529 
W.  (R.  C.  S.)  on  abbesses  as  confessors,  516 

Cannon,  Canna  Barn,  496 
W.  (E.  E.  E.)  on  Col.  Henry  Hervey  Aston,  66 

Heber  (Bishop),  his  impromptu,  52 
Wright  (James)  on  Edw.  Wortley  Montagu,  373 
Wright  (Joseph  Michael),  artist,  31 
Wright  (Eobert)  on  Gen.  Oglethorpe,  194 

Thomson  (James),  passage  in  "  Liberty,"  257 
Wright  (W.  A.)  on  Wyelh  the  commentator,  202 
Wrilps  (Wick),  pictor,  31 
W,  (T.  W.)  on  motto,  "  Ut  potiar  patior,"  441 

Night,  a  counsellor,  530 

Paljeologi  in  Cornwall,  530 


W.  (T.  W.)  on  Purgatory  under  a  kitchen  fire,  353 

W.  (W.)  on  derivation  of  horse  chestnut,  45 

Wyatt  (John),  life  by  Col.  Sutcliffe,  497 

Wyatt  (Sir  Henry),  inscription  on  his  portrait,  71 

Wyatt  (Sir  Thomas),  Poems  and  Life,  208 

Wyeth  (Henry),  Shakspearian  commentator,  37,  202 

Wylie  (Charles)  on  "  As  dead  as  a  door-nail,"  448 

"  When  Adam  delved,"  &c.,  4S6 
Wymondham  pye,  332 
Wynne  (Edward),  "  Strictures  on  Lawyers,"  187 


X. 


X.  on  Pliny  on  the  ballot,  475 

Scotch  colony  of  Darien,  398 

Somerset  family,  497 

Ville  in  composition,  379" 
Xenon  and  the  doctrine  of  Chorizontism,  306 
Xiccha,  an  architect,  56 

Ximenez  (Cardinal)  and  the  burning  of  Arabic  manu- 
scripts, 169 
X.  (X.  A.)  on  Olyrapia  Morata,  465 

Kaleigh  (Sir  Walter)  at  the  prison  window,  187 


Yados  on  De  Quincey's  biography,  488 

Tett^  or  Tet,  399 

Two-faced  pictures,  424 
Yarmouth  (Countess  of),  autograph,  397 
Yart  (Charles),  master  of  the  cereuionies,  38 
York,  the  real  ride  to,  440,  505 
Yorkshire,  hand-book  for  travellers,  452 
Young  (T.  E.)  on  De  Quincey's  life  and  works,  397 


Z. 

Z.  on  hymnody,  409 

Zeno,  originator  of  Homeric  critics,  215,  306 

Zetetes  on  Boctovers,  234 

"  0  Physic,  beware  of  Metaphysics  !"  295 


EXD  OF  THE  ELEVENTH  VOLUME — THIRD  SERIES. 


Printed  by  GEORGE  ANDREW  SPOTTISWOODE ,  at  5  New-street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Bride,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex 
and  Published  by  WILLIAM  GREIQ  SMITH,of  43  Welliceton  Street, Strand,  in  the  said  County. -Saturday,  July  20, 1867.