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(THE) 

NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE, 

/y/  <?- 

JOURNAL  OF  THE  NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY.) 


KlUTEI)    BY 

JOHN  YONGE  AKERMAN,  F.S.A. 

ONE  OF  THE  SECRETARIES  OF  THE  NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY, 

CO!! RESPONDING  MEMBER  OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  EDINBURGH, 

AND  OF  NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE,  AND  FELLOW  OF  THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES 

OF  COPENHAGEN. 


VOL.  VIII. 
APRIL,  1846.  — JANUARY,  1846. 


Factum  abiit^-monumenta  manent.  —  Ov.  Fust. 


LONDON: 
TAYLOR  &  WALTON,  28,  UPPER  GOWER  STREET. 

SOLD  ALSO  BY  M.  KOLLIN,  HUE  VIV1ENNE,  No.  12,  PARIS. 


v.8 


.83MYUJ  30  OUO  3HT 


^     " 


LONDON: 

PRINTED  BY  J.  WKKTHKiMER  AND  CO. 
CIRCUS  VLACK,  FINSBUKY  CIKCCS. 


TO 

MONSEICIMIEUR  THE  DUG  DE  LUYNES, 

MEMBER  OF  THE  INSTITUT  DE  FRANCE, 
ETC.  ETC.  ETC. 

THIS, 
OUR  EIGHTH  VOLUME, 

IS 
MOST  RESPECTFULLY    INSCRIBED. 


CONTENTS. 


ANCIENT  NUMISMATICS. 

PAGE. 

Notes  on  Types  of  Caulonia  ;  by  S.  Birch,  Esq.        .          .        163 

An  Attempt  to  explain  some  of  the  Monograms  found 
upon  the  Greek  Coins  of  Ariana  and  India  ;  by  A. 
Cunningham,  Esq.  .  .  .  .  .  .175 

On  certain  Greek  and  Roman  Coins  of  Locri,  Bruttii — 
— Tyra,  Sarmatia  —  Demetrius  II.,  of  Syria  —  Arta- 
xerxes  I.,  of  Persia — -Augustus,  denarii  —  Nero  — 
Uncertain  —  by  George  Sparkes,  Esq.  .  .  .  118 

Inedited  Greek  coins: — Viminacium,  Mcesia  (Gallus 
and  Volusian) — Apamea,  Bithynise  (M.  Aurelius)  — 
Nicsea,  Bithynia  (Severus  Alexander)  —  Plarasa  and 
Aphrodisias,  Caria  —  Stratonicsea,  Caria  (Caracalla 
and  Geta)  —  Tabse,  Caria  (Gallienus)  —  Tarsus,  Cilicia 
(M.  Aurelius)  —  Magydus,  Pamphylia  (Domitian)  — 
Tiberiopolis,  Phrygia  (Antoninus  Pius);  by  S.  Birch, 
Esq 39 

Unedited  Autonomous  and  Imperial  Greek  Coins: — Dali- 
sandus,  Lycaonia  —  Coracesium,  Cilicia  —  Mallus, 
Cilicia  —  Olba,  Cilicia  —  Glides,  Cyprus  —  Hypaepa, 
Lydia  —  Blaundus,  Lydia  —  Hyrcania,  Lydia  — 
Maeonia,  Lydia  —  Philadelphia,  Lydia  —  Saetteni, 
Lydia  —  Sardes,  Lydia  —  Silandus,  Lydia  —  Teme- 
nothyrae,  Lydia  —  Thyatira,  Lydia  —  Tralles,  Lydia 
—  Accilaeum,  Phrygia  —  Alia,  Phrygia  —  Apamea, 
Phrygia — Appia,  Phrygia — Attuda,  Phrygia — Beudos 
vetus,  Phrygia — Briana,  Phrygia — Bruzus,  Phrygia — 
Cadi,  Phrygia  —  Cadi  and  Aezani,  Phrygia  —  Chotis, 


VI  CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Cibyrae  rex  —  Cidyessus,  Phrygia — Clannuda,  Phry- 
gia  —  Colossae,  Phrygia  —  Cotiaeum,  Phrygia  — 
Diococlea,  Phrygia  —  Dionysopolis,  Phrygia  —  Doci- 
mseum,  Phrygia  —  Eumenia,  Phrygia  —  Gordium, 
Phrygia — Hierapolis,  Phrygia — Hyrgalea,  Phrygia 

—  Julia,    Phrygia  —  Laodicea,    Phrygia  —  Ococlea, 
Phrygia  —  Otrus,  Phrygia  —  Philomelium,  Phrygia  — 
Sebaste,    Phrygia  —  Sibidonda,     Phrygia  —  Siblia, 
Phrygia — Stectorium,    Phrygia — Synaos,    Phrygia 

—  Themisonium,  Phrygia;  by  H.  P.  Borrell,  Esq.      .  2 
On  two  newly  discovered  Silver  Tetradrachms  of  Amyntas, 

king  of  Galatia,  with  some  remarks  on  the  diminu- 
tion in  weight  of  the  Attic  Drachma;  by  Thomas 
Burgon,  Esq.  &I-.  >![j>i^ii"i  •  '  »:  I  .sir,  oft  \<  %nt  69 

Numismatic  Illustrations  of  the  Narrative  Portions  of  the 

New  Testament ;  by  the  Editor  .:a*>-  tfl.  <»t  r  mo  H  «rt-  133 

Numismatic  Scraps,  Nos.  I.  and  II. ;  by  the  Rev.  Henry 
Christmas.  —  Consular  Third  Brass  :  Hirtius.  — 
Large  Brass  :  Postumus  Junior  —  Small  Brass  :  Te- 
tricus  Senior ;  Volusian ;  Jovian  .  .  .'  .  36-7 

Numismatic  Scraps,  Nos.  III.  and  IV. ;  by  the  Rev.  Henry 
Christmas. — On  Coins  of  Thurium  ;  of  Alexandria 
Troas;  of  Otacilia  Severa  .  .  .  T.  ^  .  125-7 

MEDIAEVAL  NUMISMATICS. 
On  a  Coin  of  Guy  de  Lusignan,  king  of  Cyprus  ;    by  J. 

E.  Fitzgerald,  Esq.        .         .          .         .          .          .197 

Numismatic  Scraps,   Nos.  I.   and  III.,  by  the  Rev.  Henry 

Christmas,  Saxon  and  English  Coins         .         .         .37-125 
Numismatic  Scraps,  No.  II.,  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Christmas, 

On  a  Penny  of  the  Archbishop  of  Cologne         .         .          38 
On  a  curious  foreign  Sterling  ;  by  Edward'  Hoare,  Esq.    .  1 

ORIENTAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  NUMISMATICS. 
On  a  Medal  of  Sir  John  Fortescue  ;  by  B,  N.  .  50 


CONTENTS.  VU 

PAGE. 

On  Tokens  issued  by  Wiltshire  Tradesmen  ;  by  the  Editor  97 
On  Leaden  Tokens  found  in  London  ;  by  the  Editor  .  116 
On  an  unedited  Coin  of  one  of  the  early  Kings  of  Abyssinia ; 

by  D.  Edward  Riippell,  Esq.  .  .  .  .121 

Varieties  of  the  Irish  Base  Groats  of  Philip  and  Mary ;  by 

Edward  Hoare,  Esq.  (Miscellanea)  .  .  .170 

On  concurrent  Medal  Money  and  Jewel  Currency  ;  by  W. 

B.  Dickinson,  Esq 207 

Letter  from  Mr.  Hoffman  ......  50 

NOTICES  OF  NUMISMATIC  PUBLICATIONS. 

Contents  of  Revue  Numismatique,  from  January  to  Octo- 

ber,  18<4  (Miscellanea) 51-172 

Contents  of  Revue  de  la  Numismatique  Beige.  Vol.  I. 

(Miscellanea)         .......         59 

Extracts  from  the  Bulletino  dell'  Instituto,  from  January 

to  September,  1844  (Miscellanea)  .  .  .  .128 
A  View  of  the  Coinage  of  Scotland ;  by  John  Lindsay 

(Miscellanea)         .          .          .          .          .          .          .171 

DISCOVERIES  OF  COINS. 

English — near  Portaferry,  County  Down,  p.  49  —  at  York, 
p.  123  —  at  Bermondsey,  p.  170  —  in  Gothland, 
ibid. 

Roman —  near  Dijon,  p.  49. 


ERRATA. 

P.  212,  in  note  6,  line  4.  erase  the  word  "  and  "  after  "  cloth." 

P.  216,  note  11,  line  6  from  bottom,  for  "  mobogs"  read  "  moboys" 


NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 


i. 

CURIOUS  FOREIGN  STERLING. 

DEAR  SIR, — I  send  you  a  drawing,  and  sealing-wax 
impression  of  a  curious  silver  coin  (weight,  22  grains), 
which,  with  a  few  others,  some  foreign  sterlings,  and  some 
short-cross  pennies  of  our  disputed  Henry,  I  purchased 
about  four  years  since  from  a  travelling  country-pedlar, 
who  obtained  them  either  in  this,  or  some  of  the  adjoining 
counties. 

It  is,  I  think,  evidently  struck  in  imitation  of  the  short- 
cross  pennies  of  our  disputed  Henry. 

It  bears,  on  the  obverse,  a  very  rude  head  and  hand, 
with  a  key  like  a  sceptre,  and  with  the  legend,  "  S^NdT9 
P6TR* ;"  and  on  the  reverse,  the  double  short-cross,  and 
pellets,  exactly  similar  to  our  Henry,  with  the  legend 
around,  "  +QONRSDVS  GP,"  meaning,  I  conclude,  «  Con- 
radus  Episcopus." 

If,  therefore,  some  of  your  learned  correspondents,  or 
some  of  the  members  of  the  Numismatic  Society  (as  refer- 
ences are  not  easily  to  be  had  here,  with  us,  provincials), 
can  point  out  where.,  and  when,  Conradus  was  bishop,  this 
coin  might,  in  some  degree,  assist  towards  the  exact  appro- 
priation of  the  short-cross  pennies  of  our  still  more  than 

VOL.  vin.  B 


2  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

ever  disputed  Henry,  of  which  it  appears  certainly  to  be 
struck  in  imitation  (as  the  Flemish  sterlings  were  after- 
wards of  the  pennies  of  our  Edwards),  and  most  probably 
at  a  contemporary  period. 1  Believe  me,  dear  Sir,  yours 
very  faithfully,  EDWARD  Ho  ARE. 

p.S. — The  drawing  of  the  coin  has  been  taken  by  Mr. 
Lindsay ;  and  I  must  also  add,  on  comparison,  with  the 
most  faithful  accuracy. 

Cork,  May  20,  1845. 
To  the  Editor  of  the  Numismatic  Chronicle. 


II. 

UNEDITED  AUTONOMOUS  AND  IMPERIAL 
GREEK  COINS, 

(  Tenth  Notice.) 
BY  H.  P.  BORRELL,  ESQ. 

[Read  before  the  Numismatic  Society,  April  24th,  1845.] 
DALISANDUS    IN    LYCAONIA. 

AY.  K.M.   IOY.  $IAIimOC  CEB.      Laureated  head  of 

Philip,  senior,  to  the  right. 

R.— AAAICANAE11N  KOINON   AYKAO.      Naked   figure  of 
Hercules  standing,  a  club  in  his  right  hand.     JE.  7. 

This  is  the  only  coin  known  of  the  town  of  Dalisandus. 
It  is  not  only  interesting  as  being  unique,  but  equally  so 
on  account  of  the  legend,  which  marks  the  position  of  the 
city  to  have  been  in  the  province  of  Lycaonia.  AAAICAN- 
AG&N  KOINON  AYKAO,  The  community  of  the  Dalisandians 
of  Lycaonia. 

1  There  was  a  Conrad,  bishop  of  Metz,  in  the  reign  of  our 
Henry  the  Third,  by  whom  it  may  have  been  issued.  We  should 
have  attributed  it,  however,  to  Conrad  of  Cologne,  at  about  the 
same  period,  if  it  had  borne  the  style  of  Archbishop. — ED.  NUM. 
CHRON. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  3 

Cellarius1  describes  Dalisandus  as  an  ancient  city  of 
Cappadocia;  the  Synecdemus  of  Hierocles  assigns  it  to 
Isauria;  and  Ptolemy2  places  it  in  Armenia,  in  the  prae- 
fecture  of  Cataonia.  Some  authors  have  considered,  that 
the  Lalassis  of  Pliny,3  and  the  Lalassandus  of  Stephanus, 
were  the  same  as  Dalisandus.  This  opinion  may  be  true 
with  regard  to  Lalassandus ;  but  the  existence  of  Lalassis 
is  testified  by  ancient  coins  which  are  well  known. 

Those  who  place  Dalisandus  in  Isauria,  may  not  be 
incorrect,  as  Isauria  itself,  according  to  Strabo,4  was 
included  in  Lycaonia.  TT)?  8e  Avicaovias  earl  KCLI  77  ^laav- 
pi/cr}.  Lycaonice  etiam  est  etiam  Isaurica  ad  ipsum  Tau- 
rum.  In  fact,  the  limits  of  these  provinces,  as  well  as 
most  others  of  the  Lesser  Asia,  are  very  ill  defined. 

The  present  coin,  which  was  struck  under  the  emperor 
Philip  the  elder,  bears  on  the  reverse  a  naked  figure  of 
Hercules  in  a  standing  position,  his  club  resting  on  the 
ground,  in  every  way  similar  to  the  same  god  on  the  coin 
which  I  have  given  in  these  notices  to  the  Lycian  city 
Balbura.  It  was  brought  to  me  from  Iconium,  in  Lycaonia, 
in  1828,  and  is  now  in  the  British  Museum. 

CORACESIUM,    IN    CILICIA. 

KAICAP  IOYA.  OYGPOC  MA#IMOC.     Naked  head  of 

Maxiraus  to  the  right. 

R.— KOPAKHCIOTON.     Figure  helmeted,  standing  ;  a  patera 
in  the  right  hand,  and  the  hasta  in  the  left.     ^E.  9|. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.} 

Coracesium  being  situated  on  the  confines  of  Lycia, 
Cilicia,  and  Pamphylia,  it  is  not  extraordinary  that  geogra- 

1  Geogr.  Ant.  lib.  iii.  cap.  6. 

2  Lib.  v.   cap.  7.,   written    Dacisandus    in    some    texts    of  this 
author,  but  wrongly.     See  Wilberg's  edition.     Essendiae,  1844. 

3  Lib.v.  cap.  10.  4  Lib.  xii.  p.  568. 


4  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

phers  assign  it  sometimes  to  one  or  to  the  other  of  these 
provinces.  Strabo5  speaks  of  it  as  a  fortress  of  considerable 
strength,  upon  a  rugged  mountain  in  Cilicia  Trachea.  It 
was  used  by  Diodotus,  surnamed  Tryphon,  as  a  depot  for 
arms,  when  he  revolted  against  Antiochus,  king  of  Syria. 
Pliny6  designates  it  as  a  city  on  the  western  frontier  of 
Cilicia. 

The  coins  of  Coracesium  are  rarely  met  with.  The 
present  of  Maxim  us,  differs  from  the  few  already  described. 

MALLUS,    IN    CILICIA. 

S.  VALEN.  OSTIL.  MES.  QUINTUM  (very  barbar- 
ous characters).  Radiated  head  of  Messius  Quintus  to 
the  right. 

R.— MALLO  COLON The  genius  of  the  city  seated  on 

a  rock,  veiled  ;  at  her  feet,  two  river-gods  ;  on  each 
side,  a  Roman  standard  ;  on  the  one  S,  on  the  other  C. 
M.9. 

Historians  have  neglected  to  inform  us  that  Mallus  ever 
received  a  Roman  colony ;  and  this  is  the  only  coin  which 
establishes  the  fact.  Its  authenticity  is  indubitable;  but 
the  fabric,  and  the  legend  on  either  side,  are  remarkably 
barbarous.  In  1836,  this  curious  coin  passed  from  my 
cabinet  into  that  of  J.  R.  Steuart,  Esq. 

OLBA,    IN    CILICIA. 

No.  1.— AYTO.  KAI.  AOY.  AYPH.   OYHPOC    C6.—  Laureated 
head  of  Lucius  Verus,  to  the  right. 

R.— ANT&NIAMIN  OABGilN.    The  figures  of  Marcus 

Aurelius  and  Lucius  Verus,  both  habited  in  the  toga, 
standing,  joining  right  hands  ;  one  holds  a  scroll  in  his 
left  hand  ;  in  the  field,  OMONOIA  ;  on  exergue,  some 
indistinct  letters.  JE.  9.  (Royal  Collection  at  Paris, 
from  my  cabinet.) 

5  Lib.xiv.  p.  668. 

6  Lib.  v.  cap.  26.     See  Forbiger,  Handbuch  der  alten  Geogra- 
phic, ii.  p.  278,  for  farther  notices  of  this  place. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  5 

2.—AYT.    KAIC.    MAP.    ANT&NINOC    CGB.      Laureated 

head  of  Caracalla,  to  the  right. 
R.— AAP.  ANT.  OABGilN  MH.  KH.     Jupiter  sitting,  to  the 

left ;  a  globe  in  his  extended  right  hand,  surmounted 

by  a  figure  of  Victory  crowning  him  with  a  wreath  ; 

the  long  sceptre  held  perpendicularly  in  his  left  hand. 

— &.  9. — (British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

Excepting  a  unique  colonial  coin  published  by  Sestini,7 
the  preceding  are  the  only  coins  known  of  Olba.  The  first, 
struck  under  the  emperor  Lucius  Verus,  offers  on  the  reverse 
the  type  of  concord  between  that  emperor  and  M.  Aurelius. 

The  more  important  of  the  two  is  that  of  Caracalla,  on 
the  reverse  of  which  is  the  legend  AAP.  ANT.  OAB6ON 
MH.  KH.,  which  proves  this  city  to  be  the  same  as  that 
called  Olbus  by  Strabo,8  and  Olbasa  by  Ptolemy.9  The 
latter  geographer  informs  us  that  it  was  the  capital  of 
Cetis,  a  small  district  of  Cilicia;  or  Citis,  according  to 
Basil  of  Seleucia.10  As  there  can  be  hardly  a  doubt  that 
the  letters  MH.  KH.  are  intended  for  Metropolis  Cetidce, 
this  coin  has  enabled  us  to  determine  the  correct  ortho- 
graphy of  the  name  of  the  city,  which  has  been  transmitted 
to  us  in  a  corrupt  manner,  probably  by  the  errors  of  copyists. 

At  Olba  was  a  celebrated  temple  of  Jupiter,  of  remote 
antiquity,  said  to  have  been  founded  by  Ajax,  brother  of 
Teucer,11  and  of  which  the  princes  of  the  Kennati  were 
high  priests.  The  type  of  the  coin  alludes  to  the  worship 
of  that  deity. 

Olba  was  situated  to  the  westward  of  that  part  of  Cilicia, 
which,  from  the  rugged  nature  of  the  country,  was  called 
Tracheotis,  near  the  foot  of  the  range  of  Taurus,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Calycadnus. 

7  Descr.  dell  Med.  Gr.  del  Mus.  Hederv.  torn.  ii.  p.  289,  No.  1. 

8  Lib.xix.  p.  672. 

9  Lib.  v.  cap.  8.     See  Forbiger,  ii.  p.  273. 

10  Life  of  Thecla.  »  Strabo,  loc.  cit. 


6  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

GLIDES,    INSULA. 

The  coin  first  published  by  Pellerin,12  and  subsequently 
by  Mionnet,13  which  was  presumed  to  belong  to  the  small 
island  of  Glides,  near  Cyprus,  must  be  transferred  to  Cher- 
sonesus,  in  the  island  of  Crete.  The  object  those  authors 
supposed  to  be  a  key,  is  merely  a  monogram  composed  of 
the  letters  XEP.  Similar  coins  are  constantly  found  in 
Crete,  with  others  well  known  of  Chersonesus.  Glides 
must  consequently  renounce  her  claim  to  numismatic 
honours. 

HYPAEPA,    IN    LYDIA. 

NEPWN   MESAAAINA.       Heads   of  Nero   and    Statilia 
JVlessalina,  face  to  face,  that  of  Nero  laureated. 

R. — rAior  HPicirmoc  YILAIIIHNON.     Juno  Pronuba, 

standing  front  face.14     JE>.  7. — (My  cabinet.) 

The  coins  of  Statilia  Messalina,  third  wife  of  Nero,  are 
of  extreme  rarity.  One  published  by  Haym,15  above  one 
hundred  and  twenty  years  ago,  struck  at  Ephesus,  remains 
unique.  A  coin  of  Nero,  however,  lately  published  by 
Millingen,16  and  probably  struck  at  Nicaea,  in  Bithynia, 
has  Messalina.  On  the  reverse  she  is  represented  in  a 
sitting  position.  Millingen  remarks,  and  I  coincide  with 
him  in  opinion,  that  the  two  coins  assigned  to  this  empress 
by  Sestini,1?  struck  at  Ephesus  and  Thyatira,  must  be 
regarded  with  suspicion;  that  in  particular  of  Thyatira, 
which  reads  STAT.  MESSAAINA,  is  unusual,  and  conse- 
quently more  than  doubtful. 

12  Rec.  torn.  iii.  p.  53.  13  Tom.  iii.  p. 617,  No.  45. 

4  Mionnet,  in  his  Suppt.  vii.  p.  5 11,  No.  115,  has  published  an 
imperfect  coin,  which  he  ascribes  to  Nero  and  Agrippina,  under 
Apamea,  in  Phrygia.     I  have  no  doubt  it  is  the  same  as  mine. 

5  Tess.  Brit.  torn.  ii.  pi.  iv.  No.  9. 

5  Sylloge  of  Ancient  Unedited  Coins,  p.  64.  pi.  iii.  No.  38. 
7  Lett.  Num.  t.  iv.  p.  1 12,  and  p.  123.     Mionnet.  Suppt.  t.  vi. 
p.129,  No.  341,  and  Suppt.  vii.  p.  446,  No.  594. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  7 

My  coin,  which  is  in  fine  preservation,  offers  a  remark- 
able peculiarity  in  the  orthography  of  the  name  of  the 
empress,  which  reads  Mesallina^  instead  oiMessalina.  The 
reverse  presents  a  figure  of  Juno  Pronaba,  which  is  the 
prevailing  type  on  the  money  of  Hypaepa. 

I  find  Mionnet  has  described  a  coin  of  Nero  of  this  city, 
which  he  reads  FPIOY  HPlEimiOC, 18  and  another  with 
IinEinnoE.19  I  am  of  opinion  that  they  are  both  incor- 
rect, and  should  be  read  like  mine,  TAIOY  HPICinnoC. 

BLAUNDUS,    IN    LYDIA. 

OYGCflACIANOC  KAICAP  CGB.     Laureated   head   of 

Vespasianus,  to  the  right 

ft.— BAAOYNAGON  MAKGAONON  EHI  ITAAIKOY  TI 
KAAYAIOC  $OINI#.  Apollo,  in  female  attire,  stand- 
ing ;  a  lyre  resting  on  a  column  in  his  left  hand ;  the 
plectrum  in  his  right.  2&.  6.  (British  Museum,  from 
my  cabinet.) 

A  similar  coin  to  this  is  published  in  Wiczay,20  incor- 
rectly described  as  follows  : — 

OYGCHACIANOC    KAICAP    C6BACTOC.       Head   lau- 
reated,  sm. 

R.— BAAYNAGON  MAKGAONON  EIII  ITAAIKOY,  in  area, 
$OIN1.  I1PIM11A1OC  (HPnex).  Apollo  Stolatus  sm. 
standing,  with  a  plectrum.  S.  lyram  columnao  impositam. 

Unable  to  explain  the  last  two  words  on  the  reverse, 
$OINI  HPIMliAIOC,  Sestini21  proposed  reading  KOINON 
I1PO.  AYAIOC.  My  coin,  which  is  in  perfect  preservation, 
serves  to  rectify  both  those  errors.  It  is  also  worthy  of 

18  Tom.  iv.  p.  52,  No.  273. 

19  Suppt.  tom.vii.  p.  357,  No.  180. 

20  Mus.  Hederv.  t.  i.  p.  241. 

21  Lett,  e   Diss.   Num.  t.  vi.  p. 78.  tab.  2.   fig.  4.      Mionnet, 
Suppt.  vii.  p.  330,  No.  74. 


NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


remark,  that  the  name  of  the  city  is  written  here  BAAOYN- 
AGON,  the  only  instance,  I  believe,  yet  observed  on  the 
numerous  coins  of  this  city. 


HYRCANIA,    IN    LYDIA. 

Naked  head  of  Mercury,  to  the  right ;  the  caduceus  over 

his  shoulder. 
R.— YPKANftN.      Serpent  entwined  round  a  staff.     JE.  4. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

Hyrcania  was  probably  the  chief  resort  of  the  descendants 
of  a  colony  of  Hyrcanians,  who  were  established  in  that 
part  of  Lydia  by  the  Persians,  which  from  them  was  called 
Hyrcanus-Campus.  At  a  later  date  they  were  joined  by 
some  Macedonians,  when,  collectively,  they  took  the  name 
of  "  Hyrcani-Macedones"'1'2'  But  although  the  city  of  Hyr- 
cania is  not  mentioned  by  ancient  geographers,  we  may 
presume,  from  a  passage  in  Livy,23  that  it  was  not  far 
distant  from  Thyatira ;  and  this  opinion  is  strengthened  by 
the  resemblance  of  some  of  its  coins  to  these,  not  only  of 
Thyatira,  but  of  the  neighbouring  towns  of  Acrasus  and  of 
Attalia. 

The  type  on  the  reverse  of  my  coin  alludes  to  the 
worship  of  ^Esculapius,  whose  symbols  prevail  upon  most 
of  the  few  coins  of  this  city  which  have  reached  us. 

MAEONIA,    IN    LYDIA. 

No.  1.— AHMOC  MAIO.     Juvenile  male  head. 

R.— eni  16.  ZHN&NOC  LTY.  Jupiter  JEtophorus  stand- 
ing, in  the  field ;  Tii  in  monogram,  and  the  letter  A. 
&•  5. — (My  cabinet.) 

On  this  unpublished  coin  of  Maeonia,  we  find  the  letters 

22  Strabo,  lib.  xiii.  p.  629.  Pliny,  lib.  v.  cap.  29.  Tacitus 
Annal.  lib.  iii.  cap.  47.  23  Lib>  xxxvii.  cap  33. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  9 

ie,  abbreviation  for  'lepevs,  priest,  which  precedes  the  name 
of  Zenon.  This  is  a  further  proof  that  the  priesthood  were 
eligible  to  municipal  offices,  or  to  the  magistracy. 

No.  2.— MAIONON.     Naked  bearded  head  of  Hercules,  to  the 
left. 

R.— em  AHMHTPIOY.  Omphale  standing,  with  the  attri- 
butes of  Hercules.  JE.  4.  (My  cabinet.} 

Similar  devices  of  Hercules  and  Omphale  occur  on  a 
coin  of  this  city  in  Christopher  Ramus,24  but  accompanied 
with  a  different  magistrate's  name. 

No.  3.— A.  K.  AYP.  BHPOC.     Naked  head  of  Verus  to  the  right. 
R.— Gill   KYINTOY  AP.   AYP.  MAIOM1N.     Pallas   Nice- 
phorus,  standing.     JE.  8. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

4.— AY.  KAI.  A.  Cen.  C6YHPOC   nGPTtN.      Laureated 
head  of  Sept.  Severus,  to  the  right. 

K.— Gill  IOYAIA OYA MAIONilN.     Bacchus, 

crowned  with  ivy,  clad  in  a  loose  tunic,  holding  the 
thyrsus  ;  he  is  seated  on  a  highly  ornamented  car  drawn 
by  two  centaurs,  one  holding  a  club  in  each  hand,  the 
other  a  long  torch.  M.  10. 

(Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.) 

This  last  has  almost  the  dimensions  of  a  medallion,  and  is 
of  elegant  fabric.  The  subject  refers  to  the  worship  of 
Bacchus,  and  probably  commemorates  some  procession 
connected  with  his  mysteries.  The  Lydians,  as  well  as  the 
Carians  and  Phrygians,  were  devotedly  attached  to  this 
deity. 

PHILADELPHIA,    IN    LYDIA. 

TAIOS  KAISAP.     Naked  head  of  Caligula,  to  the  right ; 
behind,  a  star. 

ft.— fclAAAEAfcEftN  EPMOFENHS  OAYMIIIO.  Heads, 
side  by  side,  of  Julia  and  Agrippina.  A  palm  branch 
behind.  JE>  4.  (British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

Another,  like  the   above,   but  without  the  magistrate's 
24  Cat.  Mus.  Vet.  Reg.  Daniae,  t.  i.  p.  277,  No.  1. 

VOL.    VIII.  C 


10  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

name,  is  published  by  Mionnet;25  the  star  behind  the  head 
of  the  emperor  is  also  seen  upon  his  Roman  silver  coinage. 
The  palm  branch  which  accompanies  the  sisters,  Julia  and 
Agrippina,  probably  alludes  to  public  games  which  had 
been  celebrated  at  the  expense  of  the  Philadelphians,  in 
honour  of  the  imperial  family,  during  the  magistracy  of 
Ermogenes. 

SAETTENI,    IN    LYDIA. 

No.  1 .— C AITTAI.     Turreted  female  head  to  the  right. 

R. — CAITTHNilN.     Hercules  naked ;  club  across  his  shoul- 
der, dragging  after  him  the  dog  Cerberus.     IE.  4. 

(My  cabinet.) 

The  twelfth  and  last  of  the  labours  of  Hercules  is  seldom 
represented  on  ancient  coins,  and  is  new  on  those  of 
Saetteni.  Caves  existed  in  Asia,  as  well  as  at  Taenarus, 
from  whence,  it  is  said,  Hercules  brought  away  Cerberus. 
One  is  mentioned  near  Heraclea,  in  Pontus,  at  a  place 
called  Acherusius.26 

2.— I6PA  CYNKAHTOC.     Juvenile  female  head, 
ft.— Gill    AYP.    AIA.   ATTAAIANOY  YOY.  IH...APX.   A. 
TO.  B.   CAITTHNftN.      Cybele  seated;  in  her  ex- 
tended right  hand,  a  patera ;  a  lion  at  her  feet.     JE.  12. 
(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

All  the  autonomous  coins  that  have  reached  us  of  this 
city  are  small.  The  most  interesting  feature  of  the  present 
is  its  size.  It  was,  however,  no  doubt  struck  during  the 
Roman  domination,  probably  in  the  reign  of  Gordian,  as 
the  same  archon's  name  is  repeated  on  a  medallion  of  that 
emperor,  cited  by  Vaillant. 

3. — Beardless  and  naked  head  of  Hercules,  his  club  over  his 

shoulder. 
R. — CAITTHNIiN.     Isis  standing ;  the  sistrum  in  her  right 

hand,  and  the  calathus  in  her  left.     JE.  4. 

(My  cabinet,  and  British  Museum.) 

25  Tom.  iv.  p.  101,  No. 554.  2*  Xenoph.  Anab.  lib.  vi. 


UNEDITED    GllKEK    COINS.  11 

It  would  appear  that  in  Asia,  as  well  as  in  Italy,  there 
was  a  period  when  the  worship  of  the  Egyptian  deities,  Isis 
and  Serapis,  enjoyed  great  favour.  In  Asia,  particularly, 
it  seems  to  have  been  simultaneously  and  widely  adopted; 
for  we  find  constant  allusion  to  it  upon  numerous  coins  of 
a  large  number  of  cities  in  the  provinces  of  Caria,  Lydia, 
and  Phrygia,  all  apparently  issued  at  about  the  same  period 
of  time. 

No.  4.— $AYCTGINA  CGBAC.     Head  of  the  younger  Faustina, 

to  the  right. 

R. — em  TITIANOY  CAITTHNON.  Naked  figure  of  Apollo 
leaning  against  a  column,  a  laurel  branch  in  his  right 
hand.  JEi.  4.  (My  cabinet.) 

Faustina,  the  younger,  now  appears  on  the  coins  of 
Saetteni  for  the  first  time.  On  the  reverse  is  Apollo 
Daphnephorus,  which  occurs  again  on  a  coin  of  Crispina, 
published  by  Haym,  and  as  they  are  both  exactly  alike,  it 
is  probable  they  represent  some  celebrated  statue  which 
ornamented  the  city. 

SARDES,    IN    LYDIA. 

The  small  silver  coin  assigned  to  this  city  by  Mionnet 
(Suppt.  vii.  p.  411,  No.  421),  belongs  to  Maronea,  in  Thrace. 
We  are  consequently  still  without  silver  money  of  Sardes, 
excepting  the  Cistophori. 

SILANDUS,    IN    LYDIA. 

No.  1.— AOMITIANOC  KAICAP.      Laureated   head    of   Domi- 
tianus,  to  the  right. 

R.— EHI    AHMO$IAOY     CIAANA Pallas    standing ;  a 

patera   in   her  right  hand,  a  long  spear  in  her  left; 
behind  her,  a  shield.     JE.  5. 

(Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.) 

2— AYT.  K.  M.  AYR.  ANTONGINOC.     Laureated  bust  of 
Caracalla,  to  the  right. 


12  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

R.— Gill OT AHOAAilN   A?.  A.  TO.   B.   CIAAN- 

AEON.     Pallas  and  Fortune  standing  opposite  to  each 
other.     IE.  12.     (Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.) 

These  coins  of  Silandus  are  remarkable :  that  of  Domi- 
tianus  on  account  of  its  being  earlier  than  any  imperial  coin 
of  this  city  yet  known ;  that  of  Caracalla  for  its  magnitude. 
From  the  legend  on  this  last,  we  learn  that  it  was  struck 
under  Apollonius,  whilst  vested  with  the  functions  of  senior 
archon  of  the  Silandians  for  the  second  time. 

TEMENOTHYRAE,    IN    LYDIA. 

No.  1.— -AHMOC  fcAABIOnOAGrmN.     Juvenile    male    head, 
to  the  right. 

R.— MAPKOC  APX.  A.  THMeNO0YP6YCI.  Pallas  seated  ; 
a  Victory  in  her  right  hand,  a  lance  in  her  left ;  lean- 
ing on  a  shield.  JE.  9. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

2.— iePA  CYNKAHTOC.  Juvenile  female  head,  to  the 
right. 

R.— CKOnGAIAN  THMGNOOYPeYCI.  The  god  Lunus 
standing  ;  a  globe  in  one  hand,  the  hasta  in  the  other. 
^E.6.  (Same  cabinet,  from  same.) 

3.— THMeNOC  OIKICTHC.  Naked  profile  of  Temenus,  to 
the  right. 

R.— MAPKOC  APX.  A.  THM6N00YP€YCI.  Lunus,  as 
last.  M.7.  (My  cabinet.) 

A  coin  of  the  same  size,  and  type  on  the  obverse  as 
No.  1.,  is  published  by  Mionnet,  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Arun- 
dell's  collection.  They  were  both  brought  to  Smyrna 
from  a  place  called  Oushak,  near  to  which  most  of  the 
coins  of  Temenothyrae  that  have  come  under  my  notice 
have  been  found.  This  may  lead  us  to  conclude,  that  the 
city  must  have  been  situated  somewhere  in  that  neighbour- 
hood. It  is  not  in  my  power  to  determine  what  is  intended 
by  the  legend  AHMOC  fcAABIOnOAeiTON.  Does  it  de- 
note an  alliance  between  a  city,  Flaviopolis  and  Temeno- 
thyrae ?  I  rather  imagine,  that  at  some  particular  period 


UNEDITED    GHEEK    COINS.  13 

the  people  of  this  city  may  have  adopted  the  name,  or 
rather  surname  of  Flaviopolitans,  in  honour  of  the  family 
of  Vespasian;  another  example  of  which  we  have  with 
Cretia,  or  Gratia,  in  Bithynia. 

On  the  obverse  side  of  No.  3,  we  find  the  profile  of 
Temenus,  the  founder  of  the  city,  with  the  legend  THMENOC 
OIKICTHC,  instead  of  KTICTHC,  as  on  others  published  by 
Mionnet  and  Eckhel. 

THYATIRA,    IN    LYDIA. 

Cista,  or  mystic  chest  of  Bacchus,  out  of  which  protrudes 

a  serpent,  the  whole  encircled  by  a  wreath  of  ivy. 
1\. — Two  serpents  entwined  ;  between  them  a  bow  and  quiver, 
in  the  field  ;  to  the  left,  ©TA ;  above,  a  thunderbolt ; 
on  the  right,   a  small  female  head  ;  in  the  field  are 
detached  letters,  B.  A.  B.,  and  EY.     AR.  8. 

(Royal  collection  at  Paris,  from  my  cabinet.) 

Here  we  have  another  city  to  add  to  the  list  of  those 
which  struck  these  mysterious  coins,  known  by  the  name 
of  cistopliori.  Like  that  struck  at  Smyrna,  which  I  have 
described  in  a  former  notice,  it  is  unique.  This  of  Thyatira 
is  the  more  remarkable,  as  there  exists  no  other  silver 
money  of  this  city. 

TRALLES,    IN    LYDIA. 

No.  1  — Lion's  skin  on  a  club  ;  within  a  wreath  of  oak  leaves. 
R. — TPAA.  HPYT.     Bunch  of  grapes  and  vine  leaves  ;  in 
the  field,  a  cornucopia.     AR.  5.     91^  grs. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 
2. — Another  ;  in  the  field,  on  reverse,  a  small  female  figure. 

AR.  5.     90  grs.     (My  cabinet.) 

3. — Lion's  skin  on  a  club  ;  within  a  wreath  of  oak  leaves. 
R. — TPAA.     Bunch  of  grapes.     AR.  3.     45  grs.     (My  cab.) 

Sestirii27  publishes  a  coin  a  little  different  from  No.  3. 

27  Descriz.  dell  Med.  Gr.  del  Mus.  Hederv.  torn.  ii.  p.  327, 
No.  24.  tab.  xxv.  fig.  6.  Mionnet,  Suppt.  vii.  p.  461,  No.  658. 


14  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

Those  under  Nos.  1  and  2  are  quite  new.  They  must  be 
ranged  with  the  same  class  of  coins  as  that  I  have  given  to 
Ephesus  in  a  preceding  notice,  that  is,  a  subdivision  of  the 
cistophorus.  The  weight,  90  to  9  I  grs.,  corresponds  to  the 
half,  as  does  No.  3,  of  45  grains,  to  the  quarter  of  that  coin. 
It  is  only  of  late  years  that  numismatists  have  been  aware 
of  the  existence  of  these  subdivisions  of  the  cistophorus. 
As  upon  the  larger  coin,  so  there  appears  to  have  been  a 
peculiar  type  adopted  for  the  subdivisions,  by  the  unani- 
mous consent  of  all  the  cities  which  struck  this  species  of 
money. 

ACCILAEUM,    IN   PHRYGIA. 

No.  l.—AYT.  K.  M.  ANTO.  TOPAIANOC.     Laureated  head  of 
Gordianus  Pius,  to  the  right. 

R. — AKKIAA6HN.  Victory  on  a  globe  ;  a  laurel  crown  in 
her  right  hand,  a  palm  branch  in  her  left.  JE.  7. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

2. — Legend,  and  head  like  the  preceding. 

R. — AKKIAAG&N.  Lunus,  or  Mensis,  standing;  his  left 
foot  placed  on  the  prow  of  a  galley ;  a  conical-shaped 
stone,  or  pine-apple,  in  one  hand,  and  the  hasta  in  the 
other.  IE.  7.  (Same  cabinet,  from  same.) 

When  I  first  noted  these  coins  in  the  year  1831,  before 
they  passed  into  the  collection  of  the  British  Museum, 
Mionnet28  had  not  then  published  the  coin  which  nearly 
resembles  my  No.  2.  I  find  I  have  copied  the  legend  on 
both ;  AKKIAAG&N,  Accilaeum ;  whilst  Mionnet  reads  on 
that  he  cites,  AKKIAAGON,  or  Accillea.  As  I  retained  no 
impressions  of  these  coins,  I  am  unable  to  say,  at  this 
distant  period,  whether  my  version  be  the  correct  one. 
This  I  remember,  that  they  were  both  in  the  finest  state  of 

28  Suppt.  tom.vii.  p.481,  Nos.  1  and  2. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  15 

preservation,  and  therefore   I  can    hardly   believe  myself 
mistaken.29 

Accilaeum  (as  I  shall  still  call  it),  is  probably  the  same 
as  the  Arcelium  of  the  itinerary  of  Antoninus,  placed  by 
that  authority  between  Dorylaeum  and  Germa,  in  Phrygia 
Salutaris.  This  position  is  well  implied  by  the  fabric  of 
the  coins.  I  have  in  my  possession  a  coin  of  Acmonia, 
and  another  of  Bruzus,  struck  under  the  same  emperor, 
on  both  of  which  the  head  of  the  emperor  appears  to  have 
been  engraved  by  the  same  artist,  or  even  struck  from  the 
same  dye  as  those  of  Accilaeum.  In  every  instance,  the 
letter  c,  terminating  the  name  TOPAIANOC,  is  carried  out 
in  the  field,  for  the  want  of  room  to  complete  the  legend. 

ALIA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. — AHMOC.     Juvenile  male  head,  to  the  left. 

R. — AAlHNilN.     Apollo,  standing;  quiver  over  his  shoulder, 

bending  a  bow.      IE. 6.     (My  cabinet.) 
2.— ATT.  K.  M.  ANT.  TOPAIANOC.      Laureated  head  of 

Gordianus  Pius,  to  the  right. 
R.— AAlHNftN.     Tetrastyle  temple.     JE.  6.     (My  cabinet.) 

Both  autonomous  and  imperial  coins  of  Alia  are  scarce. 
The  two  preceding  offer  nothing  remarkable,  excepting 
their  being  unedited. 

APAMEA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

Mionnet  (in  his  Suppt.  vii.  p.  511,  No.  155),  has  erro- 
neously ascribed  to  Apamea,  a  coin  bearing  the  heads,  as 
he  presumes,  of  Nero  and  Agrippina.  I  have  not  the  least 
doubt  it  is  the  same  as  that  of  Nero  and  Statilia  Messa- 
lina,  which  I  have  classed  to  Hypaepa,  in  Lydia,  in  these 
notices. 

29  On  referring  to  the  coins  themselves  in  the  British  Museum, 
we  find  Mr.  Borrell's  reading  to  be  correct. — ED. 


16  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


APPIA,30    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1 . — Helraeted  bust  of  Pallas,  to  the  right. 

ft. — AliniAN&N.      Inscribed  in  three  lines,  occupying  the 
whole  of  the  field,  within  a  wreath  of  laurel.     JE.  4. 

(My  cabinet.) 

2.— BOYAH.     Veiled  female  head,  to  the  right. 
ft.— EH.    AN...    I.    APX.   AIH1IAN&N.     Naked   figure   of 
Bacchus,     standing ;    cantharus    in    right    hand,    and 
thyrsus  in  left.31     JE.  4. 

(Cabinet  of  M.  Fontana,  at  Trieste.) 

The  Appiani  are  mentioned  by  Pliny,32  as  well  as  the 
city  of  Appia,  which  was  situated  in  Phrygia  Pacatiana, 
and  belonged  to  the  conventus,  of  which  Synnada  was  the 
chief  city.  It  was  a  bishopric  in  the  seventh  century,  as 
we  find  the  name  of  Peter,  bishop  of  Appia,  who  assisted 
at  the  sixth  general  council  held  at  Constantinople  in  the 
year  680-81. 

No  coins  of  Appia  are  mentioned  by  any  numismatic 
writer.  The  two  present  offer  nothing  remarkable.  The 
style  of  their  execution,  and  their  types,  assimilate  them  to 

30  The  position  of  this  city  was  discovered  in  December  1843, 
by  M.  Philip  le  Bas,  member  of  the  French  Institute,  employed 
on  a  scientific  mission  by  his  government.  This  gentleman  kindly 
communicated  to  me  the  following  note: — "Appia  s'appelle 
aujourd'hui  Abia.  C'est  un  village  a  dix  milles  a  TO.  N.  O.  de 
Gaedjelar,  village  a  environ  10  heures  a  TO.  de  Kutaya  dans  la 
vallee  d'Altentasch."  M.  le  Bas  found  at  Gaedjelar  a  mile-stone, 
on  which  he  read,  AIIO.  AIII1IAC 

M 

It  is  remarkable  that  this  rare  coin  has  never  been  published, 
as  twelve  years  have  now  elapsed  since  I  took  an  impression  from 
it  at  Trieste.  32  L^  iv.  cap.  xxix. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  17 

the   money   of  other  cities  in   the  same   province.     The 
archon's  name  on  No.  2  is  unfortunately  illegible. 

ATTUDA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. — Turreted  female  head  to  the  right. 
R.— ATTOYAAEHN  (sic.) 

\°t  Naked  figure  of  Apollo,  standing,  leaning  on  a 
\™  column,  holding  out  an  arrow  in  his  right  hand. 
.*;  AR.4.  53TV 

2. — AHMOC  ATTOYAGON.     Bearded  head,  to  the  right. 
R. — AO. .  ..T AM. ..  .Apollo  standing,  front  face;  a  bow  in 
one  hand,  and  a  laurel  branch  in  the  other.     JE.  4. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

3.— AY.  KAI.  AOY.  CGI1.  CGYHPOC  lie?.     Laureated  head 
of  Sept.  Severus,  to  the  right. 

R.— AYTOK.  KAI.  A ATTOYAGftN.      The  emperor  on 

horseback,  at  full  speed,  hurling  a  javelin  ;  below,  two 

captives.     M.  11.    (Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.} 

4.— AY.  K.  TAAAIHNOC.     Radiated  head  of  Gallieuus,  to 

the  right. 

R. — AITrOYAGON   (sic.)     Cybele,  standing,  front  face,   be- 
tween two  lions.     JEt.  9.     (Same  cabinet,  from  same.) 

The  Ecclesiastical  Notices  alone  mention  Attuda  as  a 
city  of  Phrygia,  but  its  site  is  unknown.  The  coins,  both 
autonomous  and  imperial,  are  numerous,  and  many  of  their 
types,  on  those  cited  by  Haym,  Vaillant,  Pellerin,  and 
Sestini,  are  highly  interesting. 

Hitherto,  however,  we  were  without  any  coins  of  Attuda 
in  silver.  In  fact,  with  the  exception  of  a  very  few  cities  of 
Lesser  Asia,  but  more  particularly  those  of  the  provinces 
of  Caria,  Lydia,  and  Phrygia,  silver  coins  are  scarcely  ever 
found.  No.  1,  which  is  of  that  metal,  consequently  merits 
attention.  There  is  nothing  particular,  however,  in  the 
types.  The  obverse  presents  us  with  a  head  of  Cybele,  or 
perhaps  the  genius  of  the  city  ;  and  on  the  reverse  is 
Apollo,  leaning  on  a  column.  Both  these  representations 
are  of  frequent  occurrence  on  the  coins  of  this  country. 
The  variations  in  the  orthography  adopted  in  writing  the 

VOL.    VIII.  D 


18  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

name  of  this  town  on  these  coins  is  singular.  We  have 
ATTOYAGON,  AriTOYAGON,  and  ATTOYAAEON.  The  two 
latter  forms  appear  to  be  the  exceptions,  the  first  reading 
being  the  only  one  observed  upon  all  the  coins  hitherto 
published. 

BEUDOS    VetuSy    IN    PHRYGIA. 

....  AAPIANOC.      Laureated  head  of  Hadrian,  to  the 
right. 

R. — BGYAHNON  A  A Apollo  standing,  naked  ;  a  lyre  in 

his  left  hand,  a  laurel  branch  in  his  right.     IE.  5. 

Ptolemy  places  Beudos  in  Pamphylia ;  but  from  Livy 33 
it  would  appear  to  have  been  situated  in  Phrygia.  In 
describing  the  march  of  the  Consul  Manlius  against  the 
Gallo-Grecians,  the  historian  says,  that,  after  entering  the 
plain  of  Metropolis  from  Aporis,  he  marched  to  Synnada, 
and  then  to  Beudos-vetus,  from  which  it  was  distant  but 
five  miles.  The  following  day  he  went  to  Anabura,  the 
next  to  the  sources  of  the  Alandrus,  and  the  next  to 
Abassus,  which  brought  him  to  the  frontiers  of  the  Tolis- 
toboii.  This  is  positive  evidence  of  the  position  of  Beudos 
being  in  Phrygia. 

The  coin  described  above  is  unique.  Its  preservation 
is  indifferent,  but  there  remains  sufficient  of  the  legend, 
fortunately,  to  read  the  name  of  the  city  on  the  one  side, 
and  that  of  the  emperor  under  whom  it  was  struck  on  the 
other.  The  type  is  the  often  repeated  subject  of  Apollo 
Daphnephorus,  to  whose  worship  in  Phrygia  we  have  had 
frequent  occasion  to  refer  in  these  notices.  From  my 
collection,  this  rare  coin  passed  in  1831  into  that  of  the 
British  Museum. 

BRIANA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 
Head  of  Serapis. 

R. — B  PI  ANON.     Isis  standing;  the  Sistrum  in  one  hand,  and 
a  small  vase  in  the  other.     JE.  4.     (My  cabinet.) 

33  Lib.  xxxviii.  cap.  15. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  19 

A  coin  in  every  respect  the  same  as  the  present  is 
published  by  Sestini.34  I  have  introduced  it  anew,  on 
account  of  Mionnet35  having  accompanied  his  description 
of  it  with  a  sign  of  doubt,  expressing  an  opinion  that  the 
legend  might  have  been  imperfect,  and  that  BPIANtoN  was 
merely  the  termination  of  a  longer  name.  My  coin  being 
genuine,  and  in  perfect  condition,  the  legend  being  circu- 
lar, and  occupying  the  whole  of  the  circumference  of  the 
coin,  proves  Sestini's  classification  to  be  correct. 

BRUZUS,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

Head  of  a  Bacchante,  crowned  with  ivy,  to  the  right. 
R.— BPOYSHNilN.     Mercury,  standing  ;  a  purse  in  his  right 
hand,  and  the  caduceus  in  his  left ;  a  small  animal  at 
his  feet.     JE.4%.     (My  cabinet.) 

The  present  coin  is  the  only  autonomous  one  yet  assigned 
to  Bruzus.  Among  the  imperial  coins  hitherto  published, 
none  occur  anterior  to  the  reign  of  the  emperor  Antoninus 
Pius.  The  types  on  either  side  offer  nothing  remarkable. 
They  are  often  repeated  on  the  money  of  this  province. 

CADI,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. — Helmeted  head  of  Pallas,  to  the  right. 

R. — KAAOHNIiN.     Bacchus  standing  ;  the  cantharum  in  one 

hand,  and  the  thyrsus  in  the  other.  IE.  4.  (My  cabinet.) 

2.— AYT.  K.    OTI.    TAAAOC    CGB.      Laureated   head    of 

Gallus,  to  the  right. 

R.— EH!  A.  KAPIAHMOY  ANAMOY  (? )  TO.  B.  KAAOHNJ3N. 
The  Ephesian  Diana  in  a  temple.     JE.  11. 

(British  Museum)  from  my  cabinet.) 

We  are  informed  by  ancient  authors,  that  the  Cado- 
enians,  who  were  partly  of  Macedonian  origin,  possessed  a 
large  tract  of  country,  that  extended  over  more  than  one 

34  Lett,  tom.ix.  p.  59,  ^  Tom.  iv.  p.  244,  No.  300. 


20  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE, 

division  of  Phrygia.  Their  principal  city,  Cadi,  is  men- 
tioned by  Hierocles,  and  the  Ecclesiastical  Notices.  The 
coins  of  Cadi  are  numerous.  The  two  described  above 
offer  new  types. 

CADI    AND    AEZANI,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

AOMITIANOG  KAISAP  SEBAS Laureated  head  of 

Domitianus  to  the  right. 

R.-AHMOC  KAAOHN&N  AHMOC  AIZANEITON.  The 
Cadoenians  and  the  Aezani  represented  by  two  females 
standing,  wearing  turreted  crowns,  and  joining  hands. 
JE.  8.  (My  cabinet.) 

This  coin  of  Domitianus,  as  we  learn  from  the  legend  on 
the  reverse,  was  struck  to  commemorate  an  alliance  between 
the  people  of  Cadi  and  the  Aezani.  An  instance  of  an 
alliance  between  the  former  city  and  Gordus  Julia,  is 
noticed  by  Sestini36  on  a  coin  of  Caracalla. 

CHOTIS,    CIBYRAE    REX. 

Naked  head  of  Hercules  to  the  right,  a  club  across  his 

shoulder. 
R.— B.  XOT.     Lion  walking.     IE. 4.     (My  cabinet.) 

Sestini,  in  his  Classes  Generales,  cites  a  coin  of  this  prince, 
but  without  either  a  description  of  the  type,  or  any  men- 
tion in  what  cabinet  it  is  to  be  found.  A  fine  specimen  of 
this  rare  coin,  which  I  have  lately  met  with,  enables  me  to 
rectify  Sestini's  omission. 

CIDYESSUS,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1.— IOYAIA  C6BACTH.     Head    of  Julia   Domna   to   the 
right. 

R.— KIAYHCCeilN.  Pallas  standing;  a  shield  resting  on 
the  ground  in  her  right  hand,  and  the  hasta  in  her  left. 
^E.  6.  (My  cabinet.) 


36  Descr.  Num.  Vet.  t.i.  p. 458,  and  Lett  Num.  Cont.  t.  ix. 
p.54,  No.  31.  Mionnet,  t.  iv.  p.252,  No.  341,  and  Suppt.  t.  vii. 
p.  528,  No.  226. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  21 

2. — MA.  &TA.  CGOYH Head  of  Otacilia  Severa  to  the 

right. 

R.— EIII  AYP.  MAPKOY  TO.   B.  KIAYIICCGON.     Female 
sitting.     JE.  7.     (Same  cabinet.) 

No  coins  of  either  Julia  Domna  or  Otacilia  Severa  are 
published  of  Cidyessus.  The  magistrate,  Marcus,  appears 
on  a  coin  of  the  two  Philips  in  Mionnet.37  He  is  there 
designated  as  "  archon." 

CLANNUDA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. —  Juvenile  male  head,  wearing  a  helmet  of  a  peculiar  form. 

R.— KAANNOYAEON.     A  bull  butting.     M.4. 

2. — Laureated  head  of  Apollo  to  the  right. 

R. — KAANNOYAEliN.  Female  standing,  front  face,  wearing 
the  modius ;  a  veil,  suspended  from  behind,  descends 
to  her  feet ;  the  whole  within  a  wreath  of  oak  leaves. 
JE.3. 

The  only  mention  of  Clannuda  is  in  the  Peutinger 
Table,  where  it  is  written  "  Clanuda"  and  placed  on  the 
route  from  Dorylaeum  to  Philadelphia.  On  the  obverse 
of  No.  1,  the  type  is  rather  disfigured,  by  being  what  is 
technically  termed  double- struck,  which  renders  it  difficult 
to  explain  the  nature  of  the  profile  head  which  is  there 
represented.  The  reverse  is  perfectly  preserved,  and  the 
legend,  being  distinct,  leaves  no  doubt  as  to  the  orthography 
of  the  name  of  the  city  as  given  above.  The  type  presents 
that  species  of  bull  with  a  large  hump  on  the  shoulder,  so 
often  met  with  on  coins  of  this  part  of  Asia.  This  animal 
appears  to  have  been  an  inhabitant  of  the  plains,  as  it  is 
seen  on  the  coins  of  Magnesia  in  Ionia,  Taba  in  Caria, 
and  Cibyra  in  Phrygia,  all  cities  situated  in  spots  of 
extensive  and  well-watered  level  country. 

37   Suppt.  vii.  p.  539,  No.  261. 


22  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

Quite  dissimilar  is  No.  2,  which,  judging  from  its  fabric, 
seems  to  be  the  more  ancient ;  but  I  am  at  a  loss  to 
denominate  the  female  deity  on  the  reverse.  It  appears 
to  resemble,  by  the  costume,  the  Juno  Pronuba,  as  on 
some  coins  of  Hypaepa,  but  it  is  equally  possible  it  may 
have  been  intended  for  Cybele.  Both  these  coins  are 
unique,  and  Clannuda  is  a  new  city  in  numismatic  geo- 
graphy. Both  were  originally  in  my  possession.  No.  1 
passed  into  the  British  Museum  in  1831,  and  No.  2  went 
to  Paris  a  short  time  ago. 

P.  S. — Since  writing  the  above,  I  have  seen  the  Revue 
Numismatique  of  Paris  for  July — August  1843,  where  I 
find  that  M.  Longperier  has  published  the  coin  No.  2 ;  by 
which  I  presume  it  has  found  its  way  into  the  national 
collection  in  the  Royal  Library.  I  find  that  Mr.  L.  reads 
the  legend  KAANGYAAEHN,  or  Clanudda,  exactly  as  it  is 
written  in  the  Peutinger  Table.  As  I  have  only  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  coin,  the  plaster  cast  being  too  indistinct,  I 
cannot  decide  whether  my  version  be  correct.  I  should 
rather  think  it  so,  as  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  read- 
ing of  No.  1  is  as  I  have  transcribed  it  above.38 

COLOSSAE,    IN    PHR.YGIA. 

No.  1. — Radiated  juvenile  head  to  the  right. 

ft.— KOAOCCHNON.    ^Esculapius  and  Hygiea  standing,  with 

their  respective  attributes.     M.  6.     (My  cabinet.) 
2.— M.    AYPHAIOC   BHPOC   KAICAP.       Young    head    of 

Marcus  Aurelius  to  the  right. 


38  On  these  questions  of  doubtful  readings,  we  feel  it  desirable 
to  refer  to  the  coin,  and  perceive  very  clearly  KAANNOYAEftN 
on  it.  But  as  the  coin  is  double  struck,  and  the  Y  is  somewhat 
faint,  and  almost  on  the  edge  of  the  coin,  this  specimen  does  not 
prove  that  a  A  might  not  have  followed  the  Y,  and  consequently 
that  the  reading  may  have  been  KAANNOYAAEftN.—  ED. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  "23 

R.— GAKGmN  APXON  KOAOCCHNON.  Diana,  huntress, 
drawing  an  arrow  from  a  quiver,  suspended  from  her 
shoulder,  with  her  right  hand,  and  holding  a  bow  in 
her  left.  JE.7.  (British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

According  to  Pliny  and  Xenophon,  Colossae  held  emi- 
nent rank  among  the  cities  of  Phrygia.  Its  inhabitants 
were  also  some  of  the  first  to  embrace  Christianity ;  and 
they  enjoyed  the  high  favour  of  having  an  epistle  of  the 
Apostle  Paul  addressed  to  them. 

The  coins  of  Colossse  are  much  scarcer  than  might  be 
expected  from  its  importance.  Cities  of  much  less  note 
offer  a  more  extensive  series.  The  types  of  the  two  pre- 
ceding are  new,  but  they  require  no  explanation. 

COTIAEUM,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

OYE2IIAS1ANON  KAISAP  KOTIAEI2.    Laureated  head 

of  Vespasian. 

R. — EIII  TI.  KAAYAIOY  SEKOYNAOY.  Bacchus  standing, 
the  cantharus  in  his  right  hand,  and  the  thyrsus  in  his 
left.  M.  8.  (My  cabinet.) 

A  smaller  coin  of  this  emperor  is  published  by  Mionnet, 
struck  at  Cotiaeum,  with  the  same  magistrate's  name,  "  Clau- 
dius Secundus,"  but  with  a  figure  of  Jupiter  on  the  reverse. 

DIOCOCLEA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

I  consider  it  proved  beyond  doubt,  that  Diococlea  had 
no  existence  in  ancient  geography,  except  in  the  imagina- 
tion of  Sestini.  The  coin  attributed  to  it  by  him  belongs 
to  Ococlea.  (See  my  article  in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle, 
Vol.  III.  p.  35.) 

DIONYSOPOLIS,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. — Head  of  a  Bacchante,  crowned  with  ivy;  behind,  thyrsus. 
R.— AIONY2O. .  MENEKH . .  BIANO. . .  .Bacchus    in    female 
attire  ;  a  bunch  of  grapes  in  his  right  hand,  and  the 
thyrsus  in  his  left ;  at  his  feet,  a  leopard.     JE.  4. 

(My  cabinet.) 


24  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

Neumann39  first  published  a  similar  coin  to  this,  and 
attributed  it,  as  I  have  done,  to  Dionysopolis,  the  legend 
being  less  complete  than  mine,  the  first  line  showing  only 
AIONYS.  Sestini40  proposed  to  read  AIONYSIOY,  and  to 
class  it  to  Eumenia.  I  have  before  me  two  fine  specimens 
of  this  coin,  and  can  assure  the  reader  that  there  is  no 
foundation  for  Sestini's  hypothesis ;  and  that  my  version  of 
the  legend,  as  given  above,  may  be  depended  upon.  In 
fact,  on  one  of  them  a  fragment  of  another  letter  is  visible, 
and  I  can  almost  vouch  for  reading  AIONYSOII. 

No.  2.— Head  of  Serapis  to  the  right. 

R. — AIONYCOnOASITON.  Mercury  standing  ;  a  purse  in 
his  right  hand,  and  caduceus  in  his  left.  JE.  4. 

(My  cabinet.) 

3. — 2EBASTOS.     Naked  head  of  Augustus. 
R.— AIONYSOnOArmN  XAPI#ENO  A... TOY.      Bacchus 
in  female  attire;  something  indistinct  in  his  right  hand, 
and  the  thyrsus  in  his  left.     JE.  4. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 
4.— SEBASTO2.     Same  head. 

R.— AIONYSOnOAITON  APISTOS  API2TOY.  Same  type 
as  last.  IE.  4.  (My  cabinet.) 

5.— IOYAIA  AOMNA  CGBACT.     Head  of  Julia  Domna. 

R.— AIONYCOnOAemiN  XAPHC  B.  ANG0HKGN.  Veil- 
ed figure  of  Ceres  or  Hecate  standing  front  face ;  a 
torch  in  each  hand ;  at  her  feet,  a  small  human  figure. 
JE.  8.  (My  cabinet.) 

6.— AYT.  KAI.  M.  AY.  ANTONGINOC.  Laureated  head 
of  Caracalla. 

R.— XAPHC.    B.    I6PGYC     AIONYCIOY     AIONYCOI1O- 
AeiTON  ANGeHKGN.    Jupiter  JZtophorus  standing. 
M.  10.     (Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.) 

39  Pop.  ii.65.  tab.ii.  fig.  12.     Mionnet,    Suppt.   t.  vii.   p.552, 
No.  308. 

40  Descriz.  dell  Med.  Ant.  del  Mus.   Hederv.  torn.  ii.  p. 345, 
No.  2;   and    Cat.    Mus.    Hederv.    No.  5464.   tab.  xxv.    fig.  539. 
Mionnet,  Suppt.  vii.  p.  563,  No.  349. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  25 

The  magistrate's  name,  XAPI£7ENOorc,  No.  3,  is  probably 
the  same  as  one  in  Sestini,41  which  he  erroneously  reads 
ANI#EN. 

On  the  reverses  of  Nos.  5  and  6,  of  Julia  Domna,  and 
her  son  Caracalla,  we  are  informed  that  the  sub-priest  of 
Bacchus,  Chares,  had  dedicated  a  statue  of  Hecate,  and 
another  of  Jupiter,  of  which  the  figures  on  the  respective 
coins  are  probably  copies.  Dedications  of  this  kind  are 
not  unfrequent  on  ancient  coins;  but  these  are  the  first 
which  have  been  ascribed  to  Dionysopolis.  They  are  ably 
explained  by  the  learned  Eckhel,42  in  his  Treatise  de 
Numis  Inscriptis  ANEOHKE. 

DOCIM^EUM,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. — M.  OnSA.  MAKP.  ANTQN.  AIAAOYM6NIANOC  K. 

Naked  head  of  Diadumenian. 

R.— AOKIMEftN  MAK6AON&N.      Hope  standing.     M.7. 

(My  cabinet,.) 

2.— EAB.  TPANKYAAEINA  C.  Head  of  Sabina  Tranquil- 
lina  to  the  right. 

R— AOKIMEON  MAKEAON&N.  Female  seated  on  a  rock  ; 
heads  of  barley  in  her  hand  ;  a  small  figure  of  a  river 
god  at  her  feet.  M.  7.  (My  cabinet.'). 

Neither  Diadumenian  or  Tranquillina  are  frequently 
met  with  on  imperial  Greek  coins.  They  are  new  of 
Docimseum. 

EUMENIA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. — Female  head  to  the  left. 

R.— MAN...IIIPOC.  erMGNGaN,  in  fine  lines,  within  a 
wreath  of  laurel.  JE.  4. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

41  Descr.  dell  Med.  Ant.  Gr.  del  Mus.  Hederv.  t.  ii.  p.  343, 
No.  1.     Mionnet,  torn.  vii.  p.  553,  No.  311. 

42  Doct.  Num.  Vet,  torn.  iv.  p.  368. 

VOL.    VIII.  E 


26  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

2. — SEBAST.     Naked  head  of  Augustus. 
R.— EYMENE&N  EIII  rONOS...  A  OIJAE...  Tripod.     JE.  4. 
(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.} 
3.—KAISAP.     Same  head. 

ft. ...AAEPIOS  ZMEPTOP1S  EYMENE&N.  Bull  butting. 

/E.  4.     (My  cabinet.) 

4.— AY.   AOMITIANOC  KAI.  TEPMAN1  ..Laureated  head 
of  Domitian  to  the  right. 

R.— M.    KA.    OYAA6PIANOY   APX...ACIAC TOC. 

GYMGNGON.     Amazon  on  horseback.     JE.  5. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 
5.— AOMITIA  SEBASTH.     Head  of  Domitia. 

ft. — BASS EYMENE&N.      Female    seated,    holding   a 

patera.     M.  4.     (Same  cabinet,  from  same.} 
6. — KAICAP  OAYMOIOC  AAPIANOC.      Laureated  head 

of  Hadrian  to  the  right, 
ft. — GYMGNGHN  AXAIQN.     Fortune  standing.     IE.  8. 

(My  cabinet.} 

f        7.— AYTO.  KAI.  ANTONEINOC.     Laureated  head  of  Anto- 
ninus Pius. 

R.— EYMENE&N  AX  AKIN.  Bacchus  in  a  car,  drawn  by 
two  panthers  ;  on  one  of  the  panthers  is  a  small  figure 
of  Cupid ;  near  the  car,  a  figure  playing  on  the  lyre. 
M.  7.  (My  cabinet.) 

In  this  series,  No.  4  is  remarkable  on  account  of  the 
extraordinary  pretensions  of  the  magistrate,  "  Marcus 
Claudius  Valerianus,"  who  assumes  the  title  of  "  Pontifex 
Asia"  It  occurs  on  another  coin  of  the  emperor  Nero, 
published  by  Haym.43  No.  7,  on  account  of  its  beautiful 
fabric  and  graceful  design,  is  also  entitled  to  notice. 

Hadrian  is  honored  with  the  title  of  Olympius  on  No.  6, 
which  he  received  from  the  Greeks  for  having  completed 
the  temple  of  Jupiter  Olympus  at  Athens.  The  same 
epithet  is  repeated  upon  coins  struck  in  his  honor  by 
several  other  Asiatic  cities. 

43  Thes.  Brit.  torn.  ii.  p.  186.  tab.iii.  fig.  11.  Eckhel,  Doct. 
Num.  Vet.  torn.  iii.  p.  153. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS. 


GORDIUM,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

Heads,  side  by  side,  of  Apollo  and  Diana,  both  laureated ; 

the  latter  with  a  quiver  over  her  shoulder. 
R.— FOPAIAM1N.     Bow  and  quiver.     AR.  1 .     Weight,  8-^ 
grs.     (My  cabinet.) 

Gordium  must  not  be  confounded  with  Gordus,  or 
Gordus-Julia.  On  the  numerous  series  of  coins  which 
have  descended  to  us  of  this  latter  city,  we  invariably  read 
FOPAHNON.  It  was  also  situated  in  Lydia,  near  Mount 
Sipylus,  whereas  Gordium  was  in  the  Hellespontine  or 
Lesser  Phrygia.  Alexander,  during  his  wars  with  Darius, 
entered  Gordium  from  Celaense,  afterwards  Apamea,  and 
proceeded  eastward  to  Ancyra.  During  his  stay  at  Gor- 
dium, Alexander  visited  the  celebrated  temple  which  con- 
tained the  renowned  Gordian  knot,  the  history  of  which, 
and  the  manner  in  which  it  was  treated  by  the  Macedonian 
hero,  is  too  well  known  to  require  repeating. 

The  present  coin  may  be  presumed  to  be  unique,  none 
of  Gordium  having  been  published  by  numismatic  authors. 
It  is  the  more  remarkable  on  account  of  its  being  in  silver. 
In  this  metal,  as  has  been  frequently  remarked,  Phrygian 
coins  are  of  excessive  rarity.  The  type  on  both  sides  of 
this  elegant  little  coin  refers  to  the  worship  of  Apollo  and 
Diana.  The  twin-god  and  goddess  are  represented  as 
usual,  their  heads,  side  by  side,  in  profile.  Both  wear  the 
laurel  crown ;  and  Diana,  the  uppermost,  or  more  pro- 
minent figure,  is  recognised  by  the  quiver  over  her  shoulder. 


28  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

HIERAPOLIS,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1.— fcABIOS  MA#IMOS.     Naked  head  of  Augustus  to  the 
right. 

R.— ZOSIMOS  $IAOIIATPIS  lEPAHOAErmN PA#. 

Bipennis.     JE.  4. 

Seguin44  has  published  a  coin,  with  the  same  head  and 
iegend  on  the  obverse  as  the  above,  but  with  a  different 
reverse.  Its  singularity  induced  Eckhel45  to  doubt  its 
authenticity.  He  says,  "  Singularis  numulus  apud  Segui- 
num;  fcABIOS  O  MA#IMOS.  Caput  August!  nudum. 
R.  lEPAQOAEITflN  TP.  <M1N,  sine  typo.  Lectio  anticcs 
mihi  oppido  suspecto,  idque  eo  magis,  quod  aliud  non  habemus 
in  moneta  Hierapolitarum  exemplum  inscripti  in  utraque  super- 
fide  magistrates"  My  coin,  which  is  of  indubitable  anti- 
quity, and  the  legend  perfectly  genuine,  will  serve  to 
dissipate  all  suspicion  concerning  that  cited  by  Seguin. 
It  remains  to  be  seen  whether  the  portrait  be  really  that 
of  Augustus.  Perhaps  it  would  be  difficult  to  imagine,  at 
that  peculiar  epoch,  a  Roman  subject,  be  his  rank  ever  sa 
elevated,  who  would  have  dared  to  exhibit  his  portrait  on 
any  coin  struck  within  the  Roman  dominions.  There  is,  I 
believe,  no  second  example  of  the  kind.  Neither  have  we 
any  example  (as  Eckhel  justly  remarks)  of  a  magistrate's 
name  accompanying  the  portrait  of  the  emperor.  The 
coin,  at  all  events,  appears  to  have  been  struck  during  the 
reign  of  Augustus ;  for  we  find  upon  a  coin  of  this  emperor 
the  same  magistrate,  Philopatris^  in  Sestini.46 

If  we  suppose  that,  instead  of  a  portrait  of  Augustus,  it 
should  have  been  intended  for  that  of  some  distinguished 
Roman ;  and  admitting  the  magistrate,  Philopatris,  to  be 

44  Select.  Num.  p.  99.         «  Doct  Num.  Vet.  torn.  iii.  p.  156. 
1(5  Descr.p.466,  No.  10.     Mionnet,  Suppt.t.vii.  p.  570,  No.  384. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  29 

the  same  person  mentioned  on  Sestini's  coin  of  Augustus; 
it  is  evident  that  it  is  during  this  reign  the  individual  must 
be  sought  for.  History  notices  three  persons  of  eminence 
named  Fabius  Maximus,  who  flourished  within  this  specific 
period.  The  first,  Paulus  Fabius  Maximus,  of  the  family 
of  Paulus  A.  Emilius,  created  consul  in  the  year  of  Rome, 
743 ;  the  second,  Quintus  Fabius  Maximus,  consul  in  the 
following  year ;  and,  lastly,  Fabius  Maximus,  a  favourite 
of  Augustus,  who  was  disgraced  by  that  emperor  for  having 
divulged  a  secret,  on  account  of  which  he  committed  sui- 
cide. How  far  either  of  these  personages  may  have  been 
in  any  manner  connected  with  the  town  of  Hierapolis,  I 
am  unable  at  present  to  determine  ;  but  having  shown  that 
the  coin  is  genuine,  I  establish  some  foundation  for  future 
research,  and  leave  the  full  explanation  of  this  curious 
type  to  others. 

HYRGALEA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

AYT.  K.  M.  ATP.  AAG&ANAPOC.     Laureated  head  of 

Alexander  Severus  to  the  right. 

R.—  YPrAAGiiN.      Apollo   and    Diana    standing;  below   TI. 
JE.  7.     (My  cabinet.) 

Coins  of  Hyrgalea  are  scarce.  There  are  none  of 
Alexander  Severus  in  Mionnet's  work. 

JULIA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

ATT.  K.  M.  AIM.  AIMIAIANON.      Radiated   head    of 

^Emilianus  to  the  right. 
R.— APX.    TO.     B.    fclAOTGIMO   IGYAIGiiN.      The   god 

Lunus  standing  in  a  temple.     JE.  8. 

(  British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

Julia,  we  are  informed  by  Pliny,  belonged  to  the  con- 
ventus  of  Cibyra.  The  effigy  of  JEmilianus  is  very 
uncommon  on  Greek  coins.  The  present  differs  from 


30  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

another  of  the  same  emperor  in  Mionnet.  This  coin  is 
important,  inasmuch  as  it  proves  that  Cornelia  Supera  was 
the  wife  of  JEmilianus,47  and  not  of  Trebonianus  Gallus, 
or  of  Valerianus  junior,  as  supposed  by  the  older  numis- 
matists ;  for  a  coin  struck  in  honor  of  this  empress  at  Julia, 
is  accompanied  with  precisely  the  same  legend  as  on  my 
coin,  during  the  second  magistrature  of  the  archon  Philo- 
teimus. 

LAOD1CEA,    IN    PHIIYGIA. 

No.  1. — Bearded  head  of  Jupiter. 

R  — AAOAIKEON.     Lotus  flower.     M.  2.     (My  cabinet.} 
2.— AAOAIKEHN  KAI.  ZMYPNAK1N.     Two  juvenile  heads 

laureated,  face  to  face. 
R.— em  AN IOY.  ZHNilNOS.     Jupiter  Laodicaeus 

standing;  in  the  field,  a  monogram.     JE.  7. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 
3  — NEPON  KAISAP,     Young  head  of  Nero. 
R.— nOAEM&NO  TOY  ZHNONOC  AAOAIKEON.      Tripod. 

M.4.     (My  cabinet.) 
4.— AOMITIANOS  KAISAP  2EBASTOS.     Laureated  head 

of  Domitianus,  to  the  right. 

R.— AAOAIKEON.     Mars  in  a  temple.     IE.  7. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 
5.—  AOMITIANOS  KAI2AP.     Head  as  last. 
R.— AAIOC  IOYAIO     KOTYC  AAOAIKE&N.     In  five  lines, 

within  a  wreath  of  oak  leaves.      IE.  6. 

(Same  cabinet,  from  same.) 
6.— M.   AYPHAIOC    BHPOC  KAICAP.      Naked   head   of 

M.  Aurelius  to  the  right. 
R.— H.  KA.  ATTAAOC  ANGeHKGN  AAOAIKG&N.   Venus 

Anadyomene  standing,  arranging  her  tresses  with  both 

hands  ;  in  front,  a  dolphin ;  behind,  a  small  figure  of 

Cupid.     JE.  10.     (Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.) 

47  Although  Cornelia  Supera  is  only  known  to  us  by  means  of 
coins,  Eckhel  had  already  admirably  proved  her  to  have  been  the 
wife  of  JSmilian,  from  numismatic  evidence  alone.  See  Doct. 
Num.  Vet  vol.  vii.  p.  375.  Mr.  Borrell's  coin  is,  however,  of 
importance,  as  tending  to  render  Eckhel's  proof  even  more  com- 
plete.— ED. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  31 

7.  — ANNIA  fcAYCTGlNA  AYI\  CGB.  (sic.)  Head  of 
Annia  Faustina,  third  wife  of  Elagabalus,  to  the  right. 

R.— AAOAIKGON  NGOKOPaN  AOMFATI  (sic.)  pro  AOF- 
MATI.  Rome  seated,  leaning  on  a  shield  ;  a  Victory 
in  her  right  hand.  JE.  7|. 

(Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.) 

Laodicea  was  noted  for  its  opulence  :  nevertheless  we 
possess  no  coins  in  the  precious  metals,  excepting  a  few 
silver  cistophori.  Of  coppsr,  both  autonomous  and  impe- 
rial are  abundant.  The  seven  coins  described  above  are 
unedited,  and  some  of  them  are  not  devoid  of  interest. 
No,  2  records  an  alliance  between  Laodicea  and  Smyrna, 
which  is  new.  Nos.  4  and  5  are  of  Domitian.  The  former 
represents  the  rather  unusual  type  of  Mars  in  a  temple; 
and  the  legend  on  the  reverse  of  the  latter  is  a  repetition 
of  another  on  a  coin  of  his  brother  and  predecessor  Titus, 
already  edited  by  Sestini.  Vaillant  has  published  a  coin 
like  No.  6  of  M.  Aurelius,  but  a  degree  smaller;  and  it  is 
without  the  small  figure  of  Cupid,  which  accompanies  the 
goddess  in  mine.  This  coin  is  executed  in  a  superior  and 
masterly  style,  and  is  probably  a  copy  from  a  picture  or 
statue  of  Venus,  the  work  of  an  artist  of  the  first  merit. 
Annia  Faustina,  whose  effigy  is  represented  on  No.  7,  is 
one  of  the  rarest  in  the  whole  series  of  Roman  empresses, 
and  is  new  on  the  coins  of  Laodicea.  She  was  the  third 
wife  of  the  emperor  Elagabalus.  The  same  type  and 
legend  occur  again  on  a  coin  of  this  city,  struck  in  honor 
of  Julia  Mcesa,  grandmother  of  the  emperor  Elagabalus ; 
and  the  same  legend,  with  other  types,  is  found  on  coins  of 
Elagabalus  and  Caracalla,  which  are  fully  explained  by 
Eckhel  and  others. 

OCOCLEA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

See  my  notice  on  some  coins  of  this  city,  in  the  Numis- 
matic Chronicle,  Vol.  III.  p. 35. 


32  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLK. 

OTRUS,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

IOYAIA    AOMNA   CGBAC.      Laureated    head   of  Julia 
Domna. 

R. Gill.  NIFPSNOY  OTPOHN&N  APX.     Jupiter  standing ; 

a  laurel  crown  in  one  hand,  and  a  long  sceptre  in  the 
other  ;  an  eagle  at  his  feet.      J£.  6.    (My  cabinet.} 

Excepting  a  single  autonomous  coin,  we  have  no  others 
of  Otrus  but  those  struck  for  the  family  of  Sept.  Severus. 
The  present  differs  from  any  before  edited  by  the  title  of 
"  Archon,"  given  to  Nigrenus. 

PHILOMELIUM,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

Cista,  or  mystic  chest  of  Bacchus,  out  of  which  protrudes 

a  serpent,  the  whole  within  a  wreath  of  ivy. 
R. — Two  serpents  interlaced  ;  between  them  a  bow  and  quiver  ; 
in  the  field,  $1.  #Z,  and  a  torch  ;  above  are  two  cornu- 
copiae,  with  a  branch  between  them.     AR.  7. 

(My  cabinet.) 

I  feel  convinced  of  the  accuracy  of  my  appropriation  of 
this  coin  to  Philomelium,  in  preference  to  Philadelphia, 
which,  having  the  same  initials,  might  dispute  the  claim. 
My  reason  for  this  preference  is,  the  presence  of  the  double 
cornucopia  as  an  adjunct,  the  same  representation  being 
the  most  usual  principal  type  of  the  autonomous  copper 
coins  of  Philomelium. 

SEBASTE,48  IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1.— I6PA  CYNKAHTOC.     Juvenile  head. 

R.  —  CGBACTHNftN.     Jupiter  sitting ;  a  patera  in  his  right 
hand,  and  a  long  sceptre  in  his  left.     JE.  6. 

(My  cabinet.) 

48  I  have  to  offer  my  sincere  thanks  to  M.  Ph.  Le  Bas,  member 
of  the  French  Institute,  for  the  information  as  to  the  position  of 
Sebaste  with  which  he  has  favoured  me,  and  the  importance  of 
which  will  be  acknowledged  by  geographers.  He  says  it  occu- 
pied the  site  of  the  village  of  Sevasle,  one  day  (six  hours) 
W.S.W.  of  Ushak,  or  Oushak,  near  Seldjicklar,  where  M.  Le 
Bas  found  an  inscription,  commencing  H  BOY  AH  KAl  O  AHMOS 
O  SEBAST..£1N,  etc. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  33 

2.— IOYAIA  AOMNA  C6BACT.     Head  of  Julia  Domna. 

R.— NAPO  ANTONIOY  APXO  CGBACTHNON.  Cybele 

seated.     ^E.  9.     (My  cabinet.) 

I  perfectly  concur  in  opinion  with  Sestini,  that  many  of 
the  coins  ascribed  by  numismatic  writers  to  Sebaste  of 
Galatia,  belong  to  the  Phrygian  city  of  the  same  name. 
By  attending  to  the  localities  whence  coins  are  gene- 
rally brought  to  me,  experience  has  taught  me  to  distin- 
guish those  belonging  respectively  to  different  cities  of  the 
same  name.  The  two  which  precede  are  decidedly  of 
Phrygian  origin,  and  are  both  unedited. 

SIBIDONDA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. — Legend  obliterated;  head  of  Julia  Domna. 

R.— -CIBIAOYNAG&N.  Naked  figure  of  Bacchus  standing, 
with  cantharus  and  thyrsus ;  a  panther  at  his  feet. 
JE.  6.  (My  cabinet.) 

There  is  no  mention  of  this  city  in  ancient  geographers. 
Sestini,49  who  has  published  the  only  two  coins  that  have 
descended  to  us,  presumes  Sibidonda  may  be  the  same  as 
the  Siblida  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Notices,  which  is  there 
placed  in  Phrygia  Salutaris. 

Sestini's  coins  are  of  M.  Aurelius  and  of  Caracalla. 
Both  are  smaller  than  the  above  of  Julia  Domna.  The 
style  of  work,  the  type,  and  the  place  of  its  discovery,  are 
all  proofs  of  the  Phrygian  origin  of  this  coin. 

SIBLIA,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

HO.  Cen.  reTAC  K.     Naked  head  of  Geta. 
R.— CGIBAIANilN.      Jupiter  JEtophorus  standing.     JE.7. 

(British  Museum,  from  my  cabinet.) 

A  single  autonomous  coin  is  all  that  we  possess  of  this 


4!)  Lett.  Num.  Cont.  t.viii.  p.  102. 

VOL.    VIII.  F 


34  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

city.  It  is  mentioned  by  Sestini,50  who  informs  us  that  it 
was  purchased  for  the  Imperial  Museum  at  Vienna.  It 
has  been  my  good  fortune  to  obtain  this  coin  of  Geta;  but 
its  extreme  rarity  and  novelty  constitute  its  chief  merit,  the 
type  offering  nothing  remarkable. 

It  is  a  singular  circumstance,  that  the  more  ancient 
geographers  should  give  us  a  corrupt,  and  the  more  modern, 
a  correct  orthography,  in  writing  the  name  of  this  city. 
Ptolemy  writes  S<A/3ioj/,  and  Pliny  Silbiani ;  whilst  in 
Hierocles  and  the  Notices  we  have  the  true  reading. 
Pliny51  informs  us,  that  the  Silbiani  were  of  the  conven- 
tus  of  Apamea,  in  speaking  of  which  he  says,  "  Ex  hoc 
conventu  deceat  nominare  Metropolitas,  Dionysopolitas, 
Euphorbenos,  ^Emonenses,  Peltenos,  Silbianos," 

STECTORIUM,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

AHMOC  CTeKTOPHNftN.      Old  diademed  head. 
R.—AITH.  $A.  CHCTYAIANOY.      Bacchus    standing,    with 
cantharus  and  thyrsus.     M.§\.     (My  cabinet.) 

Sestini,52  followed  by  Mionnet,53  describes  a  coin  of 
Stectorium  with  a  different  reverse,  but  with  a  corrupt 
reading.  I  have  no  doubt,  were  that  coin  well  preserved, 
it  would  be  found  to  read  exactly  the  same  as  the  present. 

SYNAOS,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  l.—IGPA  CYNKAHTOC.     Juvenile  head. 

R.— em  AIorGNO  CYNAeiTON.     Bacchus  standing,  with 
cantharus  and  thyrsus.     JE.  5. 

{Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.) 
2.— OAYCTINA  CGBACTH.     Head  of  Faustina,  junior. 
R.— CYNAGmiN.     Jupiter  Laodicenus,  standing.     JE.  4. 

(Same  cabinet.) 

50  Lett.  Num.  Cont.  t.  iii.  p.  1 18.      51  Hist.  Nat.  lib.  v.  cap.29. 
2  Lett.  Num.  torn.  v.  p.29.  ™  Tom.  iv.  p.361,  No.  946. 


UNEDITED    GREEK    COINS,  £5 

These  coins  are  merely  varieties,  compared  with  those 
before  edited. 

THEM1SONIUM,    IN    PHRYGIA. 

No.  1. — Head  of  Serapis. 

R.—  O6MIC£lNeHN.      Isis,    standing,  with   her  attributes. 

IE.  4.     (My  cabinet.) 
2. — Same  head. 

ft. — OGMICllNeON.       Bacchus    standing,    with   cantharus 
and  thyrsus.     JE.  4. 

(Bank  of  England,  from  my  cabinet.) 

3.— OZftN.     Radiated  head  of  Apollo. 

R.~  eeJVlIC&NeON  AZANIIC.      A  river  god,  recumbent. 
JE.  6.     (Same  cabinet.) 

Pausanias54  says,  that  Hercules,  Mercury,  and  Apollo 
were  honored  with  the  special  veneration  of  the  Themi- 
sonians,  and  that  the  statues  of  these  gods  were  set  up  in  a 
cavern  near  the  city,  on  account  of  some  imaginary  protec- 
tion manifested  towards  the  inhabitants  when  the  country 
was  invaded  by  the  Gauls.  Upon  the  present  coins  we 
have  two  of  those  deities,  Mercury  and  Apollo.  Around 
the  head  of  Apollo,  on  the  obverse  side  of  No.  3,  is  the 
fragment  of  a  legend,  which  is  unusual  on  the  coins  that 
are  known;  but  it  is  unfortunately  too  imperfect  to  allow  of 
explanation.  On  the  reverse  of  the  same  coin  is  a  river 
god,  referring  probably  to  a  river  near  the  city,  the  name 
of  which,  according  to  the  legend,  was  "  Azanes"  which  is 
no  where  mentioned  in  ancient  geographers.  The  Azanes 
may  have  received  its  name  from  the  Azanes,  a  tribe  of 
Arcadians,  so  called  from  Azan,  their  chief,  the  son  of 
Areas,  who  migrated  to  Asia,  in  Phrygia.55 

H.    P.    BoitRELL. 

Smyrna,  October  1,  1843. 
ToE.  HAWKINS,  ESQ. /.London. 

54  Lib.  x.  cap.  32.  55  Pausanias,  loc,  cit.,  and  lib.  viii.  cap.  4. 


36 


III. 
NUMISMATIC  SCRAPS.— No.  I. 

Sion  College,  May  13,  1845. 

MY  DEAR  SIR, — I  purpose  to  take  notes,  of  all  the  coins 
which  fall  into  my  hands,  which  I  do  not  find  described  in 
any  work  to  which  I  have  access ;  and  should  they  be 
thought  worthy  of  being  laid  before  the  Society,  to  submit 
them  for  that  purpose.  The  present  paper  will  contain 
descriptions  of  three  which  I  think  are  unpublished.  They 
are  all  Roman  brass. . 

1.  A  consular,  or  rather  family  coin.     3rd  brass. 
Obv. — Pontifical  Instruments. 

R.— An  elephant.     HIRTIVS. 

This  coin  is  of  coarse,  if  not  barbarous,  workmanship,  but 
in  good  preservation.  The  only  coin  hitherto  known  of  the 
Hirtia  family  is  in  gold. 

2.  A  large  brass  coin  of  the  younger  Postumus. 
Obv.— S.  LAT.  POSTVMVS  P.P.  AVG. 

A  young  beardless  head. 

R. — Legend  illegible ;  the  usual  type  of  victory,  but  of  ex- 
tremely barbarous  workmanship. 

3.  A  small  brass  coin  of  Tetricus  senior. 
Obv. — The  head  of  the  emperor  laureated. 

IMP.  C.  TETRICVS  P.P.  AVG. 
R.  The  emperor  standing,  holding  a  globe,  and  the  hasta 

transverse. 
P.M.  TR.  P.  II.  COS.  P.P. 

This  is  the  only  instance  I  have  ever  seen  or  read  of,  in 
which  Tetricus  appears  laureated  on  his  brass  coins. 

In  addition  to  these  Roman  coins,  I  have  observed  one  or 
two  mint-marks  on  English  coins,  not  noticed  by  Mr. 
Hawkins> 

1.  A  Groat  of  Henry  VII. ;  the  crown,  with  two  plain  arches  ; 
mint-mark  after  POSVI ;  a  boar's  head. 


NUMISMATIC    SCRAPS.  37 

2.  A   Half-Groat  of  Henry  VII.;  the  crown,  with  two  orna- 

mented arches  ;  mint-mark  escallop.     CIV1TAS  LON- 
DON. 

3.  A  Half-Groat  of  Henry  VII. ;  crown  as  last ;  mint-mark, 

lis  and  ft.     CIV1TAS  CANTOR. 

4.  A  Half-Groat  of  Edward  IV.     London. 

Obv. — Mint-mark,  cross  fitchee  ;  on  each  side  of  neck  a  trefoil. 
R. — Mint-mark,  rose,  or  sun. 

The   first   of  these   coins   affords  a  mint-mark   found, 
though  rarely,   on  the  coins  of  Edward  IV.,  on  those  of 
Richard  III.  and  Henry  VIII.,  on  whose  Irish  sixpences 
it  is  a  very  common  mint-mark.     I  remain,  my  dear  Sir, 
Yours  very  faithfully, 

HENRY  CHRISTMAS. 

J.  Y.  AKERMAN,  ESQ. 
F.S.A.,  &c.  &c. 


IV. 
NUMISMATIC  SCRAPS.— No.  II. 

Sion  College,  May  17,  1845. 

MY  DEAR  SIR, — I  add  a  few  more  notes  to  the 
Numismatic  paper  I  sent  you,  and  think  myself  extremely 
fortunate  in  finding  coins  which  have  escaped  the  notice  of 
my  betters ;  viz.  Banduri,  Mionnet,  and  yourself. 

1.  A  small  brass  coin  of  Volusian. 
Obv.— IMP.   CAE.    C.  VIB.   VOLVSIANO  AVG.      Lau- 

reated  head  of  Volusian  in  the  paludamentum. 
R.-JOVI  PROPVGNATORI.     Jupiter  standing,  holding 
in  his  hand  a  globe. 

The  size  of  this  coin  is  between  the  denarius  and  quiri- 
arius.  It  is  in  very  good  condition,  and  in  every  respect 
remarkable.  Banduri  says,  speaking  of  Volusian,  "  Numrni 
liujus  Augusti,  tertii  moduli,  ex  aere  puro,  rarissimi  sunt;" 
and  he  then  proceeds  to  give  two  types,  the  usual  ones  of 


38  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

PAX  AVGG.  and  CONCORDIA  AVGG.  Now  as  these 
types  occur  in  silver,  it  seems  that  both  Mionnet  and  your- 
self have  considered  them  as  false  denarii,  of  which  the 
plating  had  worn  off;  and  the  third  brass  of  Volusian  is 
omitted  as  a  thing  not  existing. 

It  is  to  be  remarked  also,  that  the  two  coins  mentioned 
by  Banduri  have  the  head  radiated,  while  this  which  I 
describe  is  laureated.  It  presents  a  perfectly  new  type, 
not  before  noticed  in  any  metal  of  this  prince. 

2.  A  small  brass  coin  of  Jovian. 

Obv.— DN.  IOVIANVS  P.P.  AVG.     Bust  of  Jovian. 
R.—RESTITVTOR  REIP.     In  the  exergue,  ANT. 
Rome  Nicephora. 

Hitherto  no  coins  in  small  brass  have  been  published  of 
Jovian,  save  those  struck  with  the  Pagan  reverses  of  Julian, 
and  those  with  VOX.  V.  MVLT.  X.,  in  a  garland.  They 
are  all  rare,  and  were  mostly  the  work  not  only  of  Pagan 
artists,  but,  save  the  head,  executed  for  a  Pagan  prince. 
It  is  interesting  to  find  a  coin,  in  small  brass,  of  this 
Christian  sovereign  free  from  Pagan  symbols. 

3.  A  penny  of  an  archbishop  of  Cologne. 

Obv.— • ARCHIEPS.  COL.     The  head  of  the  archbishop 

full  faced,  and  mitred ;  in  a  triangle,  like  the  Irish 
coins  of  John,  Henry  III.,  and  Edward  I.,  II.,  and  III. 
R.— MONETA  BVNENSIS1.  A  cross  like  the  coins  of 
Edward  I.,  but  in  each  of  the  quarters  a  mullet  of 
five  points  pierced. 

That  the  minor  princes  on  the  Continent  copied  the 
English  types,  is  ascertained  by  the  fact,  that  such  imitated 
coins,  commonly  called  "counterfeit  sterlings,"  are  very 
common.  In  the  instance  before  us,  we  have  an  Irish 
type  faithfully  copied  on  the  obverse,  and  a  Scotch  type  as 


Money  of  Bonn. 


INEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  39 

faithfully  followed  on  the  reverse.  On  a  hasty  glance,  the 
obverse  would  be  taken  for  that  of  a  Dublin  or  Waterford 
penny  of  Edward  I. ;  and  the  reverse  differs  only  in  legend 
from  that  of  the  penny  of  Alexander  the  Third's  last  coin- 
age. M.  Lelewell,  in  his  "  Numismatique  du  Moyeri  Age," 
speaks  of  a  coin  struck  by  an  archbishop  of  Cologne,  and 
having  a  reverse  similar  to  that  now  described,  save  that 
the  mullets  occupied  only  two  quarters,  while  the  remain- 
ing two  were  occupied  by  single  pellets. 

I  remain,  dear  Sir, 

Yours  very  faithfully, 

HENRY  CHRISTMAS. 

JOHN  YONGE  AKERMAN,  ESQ. 
F  S.A.,  &c.  &c.  £c. 


V. 
INEDITED  GREEK  COINS. 

VIMINACIUM     MCESI^E. 

( Gallus  and  Volusian.) 

IMP  C  VIBIO  TREBON  GALLO  AVG  IMP  C  C 
VOLVSIAN;  heads  of  these  two  emperors  laureated, 
facing. 

R. — p  M  S  CO  VIM.  The  two  emperors  draped  in  the 
paludamentum,  facing,  each  holding  a  victoriola  arid 
spear.  Exergue,  AN.  XIII.,  between  a  lion  and  bull. 
^E.  9.  {British  Museum.} 

This  coin  was  probably  issued  on  the  occasion  of  the 
peace  made  with  the  Goths,  resembling,  in  its  type,  the 
Roman  medallion,  where  the  two  emperors  are  each  in  a 
car,  and  crowned  by  Victories,  triumphing  in  Rome.  It 
dates  A.v.c.1005,  A.D.252. 


40  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE, 

The  bull  and  lion  allude  to  the  Magna  Mater,  or  Cybele, 
who  is  represented  on  the  other  coins  of  this  town,  standing 
between  these  animals.1 

APAMEA    BITHYNI^E. 

(JM.  Aurelius?) 

IMP  C  M  AVRELIVS  ANTONINVS  AVG.  Bust  of 
emperor,  bearded  and  laureated,  to  the  right. 

R.— COL  1VL  CONC  AVG  APAM.  Diana  in  a  chariot, 
drawn  by  two  stags  ;  on  her  head  a  crescent  ;  in  each 
hand  a  torch  ;  above  and  beneath  DD.  2E.  7.  250.5  grs. 
(British  Museum.) 

This  state,  originally  founded  by  a  colony  from  Colophon, 
and  then  called  Myrlcea, 2  restored  by  Philip  Aridseus,  and 
subsequently  rebuilt  by  Prusias,  and  named  Apamea, 3  in 
honor  of  his  wife  Apame,  probably  received  a  Roman 
colony  during  the  reign  of  Augustus,4  when  it  seems  to 
have  been  called  Colonia  Julia,  Concordia  Augusta.  The 
reverse  presents  the  Diana  Luna,  or  Artemis  Selene.  On 
the  Phigaleian  frieze  Artemis  is  represented  in  her  chariot 
drawn  by  stags,  hastening  with  her  brother  Apollo  to  assist 
the  Lapithae ;  and  on  a  coin  of  Gordianus  Pius,  struck  at 
Aureliopolis ;  of  Severus  Alexander,  struck  at  Acrasus ; 
and  of  Macrinus,  struck  at  Ephesus,  the  Ephesian  Diana 
is  represented  in  a  chariot  drawn  by  stags ;  the  Diana 
Lucifera  replaces  the  Ephesian  Diana  on  the  coins  of 
Ephesus,  and  is  also  on  those  of  Magnesia  and  Mseandrum. 


1  Cf.  Eckhel,  Doct.  Num.  Vet.  ii.  8  ;  vii.  356  ;  more  probable 
than  that  the  bull  was  the  symbol  of  the  seventh,  and  the  lion  of 
the  fourth  legion.     For  the  worship  of  Cybele  at  this  city,  com- 
pare  coins  throughout,  and  Mionnet,   Supp.  ii.  42  ;    i.  32.      The 
legions  probably  derived  their  emblems  from  the  town. 

2  Tayl.  p. 35.      Strab.  ed.  Cor.  p.563.      a  Strab.  1.  c.  xii.  561. 
4  Grotefend  in  Pauly's  Real.  Ency.  ch.i.  sect. 590. 


INEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  41 

The  replacement  of  the  Ephesian  type  of  Diana  by  the 
Greek  type  is  not  uncommon,  and  occurs  on  many  of  the 
consular  denarii  of  the  Aelia  and  Axsia  families,  from 
which  the  type  was  probably  copied.5  She  is  thus 
<f)c0<7<f)6pos,  or  aekaa<j>bpos. 

NIC^EA. 

(Severus  Alexander.) 

M  AYP  CGYH  AAEZANAPOC  AYI\      Bust  of  emperor,  in 

pal udamen turn,  laureated,  to  the  right. 
R. — Laurel  wreath,  in  which 

Eft 

CEBUN 

EYFENON 

NIKAIE 

ON.     &.  7.     (British  Museum.) 

This  city,  originally  founded  by  Antigonus  under  the 
name  of  Antigonia,  a  north-east  angle  of  the  sea  of  As- 
cania,  was  afterwards  named  Nicaea,  by  Lysimachus,  in 
honor  of  his  wife  Nice,  the  daughter  of  Antipater.6  A  sub- 
sequent legend  referred  its  origin  to  the  nymph  Nicsea, 7  to 
Hercules,8  and  to  Bacchus.9  Several  coins  were  issued 
from  its  mint ;  and  the  town  seems  to  have  enjoyed  under 
the  Romans  that  metropolitan  pre-eminence  which  it  had 
under  its  native  monarchs.  It  is  distinguished  for  the 
epithets  it  assumed,  or  was  allowed  to  style  itself,  and  is 
called  irpcorot,  T???  eVap^e/a?,  on  a  coin  published  by 
Mr.  Akerman;10  while  under  Valerian  and  Gallienus, n 
it  styles  itself  on  its  currency  jjie<yi(7Tun>  apio-row,  greatest 
and  best,  resembling  "  the  pious  and  noble"  on  the  pre- 

5  Cf.  Claud.  Cons.  Stilich,  iii.  286. 

6  Forbiger.  Hand,  d  Alt.  Geog.  8vo.  Leips.  1844. 
~  Nonn.  lib.  xv.,  xvi. 

8  Cf.  coins  cited  by  Eckhel,  Doct.  Num.  Vet.  ii.  425. 

9  Ibid.  424.  10  Numis.  Journal. 
11  Mion.  ii.  449,  et  seq.   Supp.  v.  78,  et  seq. 

VOL.    VIII.  G 


42  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


sent  specimen.       Similar  titles,  as 

aplarTfj,  K.T.A.,  are   found  on    inscriptions  at  Eski-Hissar, 

its  present12  site. 

PLARASA    AND    APHRODISIAS    CARI^E. 

Bust  of  Eros  to  the  right. 

R.  —  I1AA  A$P.     A  rose.     M.  1.     (British  Museum.) 

This  small  bronze  coin,  communicated  to  me  by  Mr. 
Rhode  Hawkins,  was  obtained  by  him  at  Aphrodisias,  in 
Caria.  Its  type  is  identical  with  the  one  of  that  city 
already  published  from  the  cabinet  of  the  Museum,13  and 
it  was  probably  struck,  as  all  the  others  of  Plarasa,  at 
Aphrodisias.  Few  coins  of  this  town  are  known,14  and 
Mr.  Rhode  Hawkins  conjectures  that  he  has  discovered 
its  site  at  Markouf,  twelve  miles  north-east  of  Aphro- 
disias, near  Mount  Cadmus.  The  legend  of  some  autono- 
mous coins  is  II\apdcrea)v  KOI  \4</>/jooWte&>v,  15  confirming  the 
reading  of  the  above  inscription;  and  these  pieces,  with 
the  name  of  the  two  towns,  were  probably  issued  during 
the  civil  war,  when  the  privileges  of  the  common  temple  of 
Aphrodite,  belonging  to  the  two  cities,  II\apdore<0v  KOI 
'  A(f>po$i,a-t'e(i)i>,  were  confirmed  by  a  decree  of  the  senate.16 
The  coins  have  occasionally  the  names  of  triumvirate,17 
of  local  magistrates,  and  not  one  from  each  town,  as 
conjectured  by  Eckhel.  It  is  to  the  worship  of  Aphrodite, 
who  is  found  on  coins  of  Aphrodisias,  with  Eros,  Pothos, 
and  Hymenaios,18  that  the  type  refers;  and  the  rose  was 
sacred  to  Aphrodite  and  Eros,  19  as  well  as  an  emblem  of 
Rhodes. 

12  Boeckh,  Corp.  Insc.  Graec.  No.  374-8,  et  seq. 

13  Num.  Chron.  iv.  144.  "  Mion.  iii.  121. 

15  Mion.  1.  c.  No.  101.  16  Eckhel,  D.  N.  V.  viii.  590. 

7  Mion.  1.  c.  ]8  Mion.  1.  c.  ;  Num.  Chron.  u.  144. 

ly  Pseud.  An.  Od.  v.  1.  i.  Od.  liii.     Himerius  Polemo,  &c. 


INEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  43 

STRATONIC^EA. 

(Caracalla  and  Geta.) 

AY  KAI  MAP  AYP  ANTON... K AI. ...  Bust  of  Caracalla 
laureated,  to  the  right ;  that  of  Geta,  to  the  left,  erased, 
but  traceable,  counter-marked  with  the  word  GEOY, 
"  of  the  god." 

R.— EIII  HPY  IOYAIA  AOMN OIGPOKAEOY  CTPATO- 

NIKGIiN.  Hecate  draped  in  a  talaric  tunic  and  peplos, 
holding  in  her  right  hand  a  torch ;  in  her  left  a  patera 
over  a  lighted  altar.  JE.  10.  (British  Museum.) 

This  coin,  obtained  by  Mr.  Rhode  Hawkins  at  Strato- 
nicsea,  is  of  the  class  of  several  of  this  city  already  edited  by 
me,  with  the  head  of  Geta  erased.20  The  inscription  is 
unfortunately  not  very  legible  on  either  side.  From  the 
reverse,  it  seems  that  the  magistrate  was  a  Trpvravevs. 
The  name  seems  to  be  'Iov\idvov  Aopvov  . .  'Iepo/c\eov,  one 
probably  assumed  in  honor  of  the  empress  Domna.  The 
figure  on  the  reverse  I  conceive  to  be  Hecate,  who  had  a 
temple  in  the  small  town  of  Lagina, 21  which  was  dependent 
on  Stratonicsea,  and  who  was  often  represented  holding  a 
single  torch,  as  on  the  bas  relief  from  Crannon,  in  Thessaly, 
and  on  the  coin  of  Phera?.22  She  was  intimately  connected 
with  Selene,23  whose  amour  with  Endymion  was  placed 
at  Mount  Latmus.24  The  local  history  of  this  town  is 
too  well  known  to  require  notice  here. 

TABJE    CARI^E. 

(  Gallienus.) 
AYT  KAI  HO  A  TAAAIHNOC.     Bust   laureated,  in   paluda- 

mentum,  to  the  right ;   before  head,  B. 
R.-APX  IACONOC  CIABOY  TABHN&N.     Fortune   stand- 

ing  to  the  left.     ^E.  9. — British  Museum. 

20  Num.  Chron.  i.  .94,  et  seq.  21  Strab.  xiv.  660. 

2  Mill.  Anc.  Un.  Mon.  pi.  xvi.  No.  1 ;  Mionnet  ii.  23  n.  165  ; 
Supp.  iii.  305.  n.  252. 

23  Porphyr.  in  Euseb.  P.  E.  3. 

24  Cf.  Boeckh.  Corp.  In.  Pars  xiii.  sect.  2.  481. 


44  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

This  is  evidently  the  same  coin  as  that  already  edited 
by  Mionnet,25  who  must,  however,  have  made  his  descrip- 
tion from  a  very  ill  preserved  piece,  as  he  read  APX. 
OICONOC,  fc.r.X.,  which  is  not  Greek.  The  types  of  Tabae 
are  so  numerous,  as  to  defy  being  connected  with  the  local 
history. 

TARSUS     CILICI^E. 

(M.  Aurelius.) 

AYT  KAI  M  AYP  ANT& CG.  Bust  of  emperor,  laureated. 

R.— AAPIANHC  TAPCOY  MHTPOIIOAE&C.  Supposed 
tomb  of  Sardanapalus,  pyramidal,  surmounted  by  an 
eagle  ;  before,  a  small  bearded  figure,  quiver  at  the  left 
side,  standing  on  a  horned  griffin  to  the  right ;  the  tomb 
stands  on  a  rectangular  base,  with  doors  or  pillars,  and 
over  it  is  an  arched  embattled  wall;  at  each  side,  a 
figure  on  a  cidaris,  standing,  facing  inwards,  holding  in 
one  hand  a  lance,  perhaps  winged.  JE.  MM. — British 
Museum. 

Mionnet26  has  probably  intended  to  describe  a  similar 
coin,  but  the  specimen  he  describes  from  was  too  much 
injured,  to  allow  him  to  know  what  he  actually  saw.  The 
monument  found  on  the  autonomous  and  imperial  coins  of 
this  town  is  sometimes  represented  in  its  detail,  while  at 
others  the  figure  of  the  Assyrian  god,  or  hero,  is  given ;  a 
valuable  proof,  if  such  were  wanting,  that  the  representa- 
tions of  coins  were  taken  from  actual  existing  monuments. 
The  present  coin  is,  however,  the  fullest  representation  of 
it,  and  it  appears  to  have  consisted  of  a  pyramidal  %wyLta, 
or  elevation,  much  resembling  that  of  Tantalus  at  Sipylus 
(Texier,  As.  Min.  pi.  130),  on  which  was  placed  an  eagle ; 
under  this  was  a  substructure,  with  doors  leading  to  the 
hypoggeum.  In  front  was  the  statue,  seen  for  the  first 
time  on  the  drachma  of  Demetrius  Nicator  (Haym,  Tes. 

25  Suppl.  vi.  550.  n.  545.  26  Tom.  iii.  p.  626. 


INEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  45 

Brit.  i.  p.  81,  No.  75) ;  and  so  often  on  the  Tarsus  coins, 
probably,  in  reality,  full  face,  and  at  the  sides  the  in- 
ferior personages,  facing  inwards.  The  circular  portion 
over  the  pyramid  represents  a  semicircular  wall,  which 
must  have  inclosed  an  area  behind  the  monument.  The 
vague  modern  accounts  of  Tarsus  do  not  admit  of  at 
present  identifying  the  tomb  of  Sardanapalus. 

According  to  the  account  of  the  companions  of  Alex- 
ander, Aristobulus  of  Cassandreia,  Clitarchus,  and  Callis- 
thenes,27  the  tomb  of  Sardanapalus  was  near  Tarsus,  arid  the 
monarch  was  represented  in  the  act  of  clapping  his  hands, 
with  an  accompanying  epigrammatic  inscription  in  Assy- 
rian, i.  e.  cuneiform  characters. 28  This,  as  given  by  Aris- 
tobulus,29 was  2ap&avd7ra\\os  'AvafcvvSapdj;ov  TTCU?  ' 
\i]V  Kal  Tdpaov  eSei/^ev  r){J.epr)  fiir)  eaOte  irive  iral^e 
TOVTOV  OVK  a^ia  rov  aKpor^fjiaro^  eoi/ce  \eyeiv.  It  is  neces- 
sary to  examine  critically  this  passage  as  it  stands.  The 
name  2ap$ava7ra\os  contests  the  reading  with  %ap§avd- 
7raXXo9,30  and  supposing  the  whole  to  be  Assyrian,  the 
analogous  name  Nairo^acr-aap  is  found.  But  the  read- 
ing with  a  single  X  suggests,  that  the  term  avraXo?, 
molliS)  effeminate,  has  by  some  chance  become  attached  to 
the  word  %dp$av,  for  there  is  an  analogy  between  this 
so  called  effeminate  monarch,  the  Assyrian  Hercules, 
Sandon,  and  the  tale  of  Hercules  and  Omphale.31  The 
name  of  Sarak  is  also  found  replacing  that  of  Sarda- 
napalus.32 The  name  of  the  father  of  the  monarch 

27  Hist.  Alex.  Supp.  a  Geier,  Svo.  1844.  p. 34. 

28  Athen.  xiii.  p.  530.      Strab.  1.  xiv.  t.  5.  p.69J .     Arrian,  Exp. 
Alex.  ii.  5.  2.  29  Athen.  xii.  530. 

30  Strab.  xiv.  5.  p.  691.      Arrian,  1.  c. 

31  Muller  in  Rhein.  Mus.  B.  iii.  sc.  22. 

32  Euscb.    Chron.  ;  Cramer  Anecd.  i.  8, 39;  ii.  156.      Syncell, 
p.210. 


46  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

is  written  'AvatcvvSapdgov,33  'AvaicvvSapdgea),3*  or  'Ava~ 
KvvSapdj; ecu?. 35  But  the  first  portion,  ava,  is  some 
interpolation  of  a  scribe,  for  it  should  be  restored,  as 
Stephanus  Byzantinus  gives  it,  ^ap^avdira\o^  o  Kvvba- 
pdf;ov3Q  ?rat9 :  thus  e/eSe^erat  Se  ^AdTvdyrjs  6  Kva^dpeco 
(Herod,  i.  107).  Perhaps  the  verb  eZ/u  lies  hid  in  the 
which  is  plainly  inadmissible.  The  inscription  on  the 
sepulchre  of  Semiramis,37  that  on  the  stele  of  Sesostris,38 
on  the  pyramid  of  Asychis,39  and  on  the  statue  of  Isis,40 
were  all  translated  by  the  Greeks  in  the  first  person.  This 
involves  the  obvious  correction,  eSei/jia  ev  rj/Aepy  fiify  which 
is  partly  sanctioned  by  one  reading,  ev  rjftepa  pla  e'Se/yu,aro.41 
With  respect  to  the  epitaph,  it  must  have  ceased  at  mu£e, 
the  account  of  the  clapping  of  hands  being  a  delusion  of  the 
spectators,  who  seeing  a  figure  in  an  attitude  which  some- 
what resembled  this,  interpreted  it  as  a  part  of  the  epitaph. 
It  must  be  carried  on,  &>?  raX\a  rovrov  ov/c  afya  rov  drcpo- 
T^<xro9  eoiice  \eyeW)  the  w?  being  in  relation  with  the 
eoi/ce  \eyew. 

At  an  early  period,  the  Assyrians  had  penetrated  beyond 
the  Taurus,  and  the  town  of  Ninoe,42  in  Caria,  referred  its 
origin  to  Ninus,  another  monarch  of  that  empire.  Under 
the  eighteenth  dynasty,  the  Egyptians  reckoned  among 
their  conquests  the  Tuarsha43  of  the  Sea,  or  Cilician 
Tarshish.  The  true  tomb  of  its  founder  must  have  been 
at  Nineveh,  but  the  city  might  have  erected  a  cenotaph  in 
honor  of  its  founder. 

A  similar  figure  occurs  on  the  bas  reliefs  of  Pterium 


33  Athen.  Arrian,  loc.  cit.          34  Strab.  1.  c. 
35  Suidas.  36  Voce  'AyxmXjj.  37  Her.  i.  187. 

38  Her.  ii.  106.  »»  Ibid.  ii.  136. 

0  Diod.i.i>7.  41  Arrian,  loc.  cit. 

42  Steph.  Byz.  voce.  ^  Champ.  Mon.  pi.  cciii.  No.  2. 


INEDITED    GREEK    COINS.  47 

(Texier,  Asie  Mineure,  pi.  78),  which  seems  to  record  a 
treaty  between  two  of  the  old  Asiatic  people ;  and  on  many 
of  the  Babylonian  cylinders  (Cf.  Cullimore,  Ancient  Orien- 
tal Cylinders,  pi.  iv.  19,  20;  pi.  xxx.  127);  in  all  instances 
unaccompanied  by  inscriptions,  and  generally  connected  with 
the  sun,  moon,  and  bear,  or  Pleiades.  It  much  resembles 
a  god,  or  deified  person. 


MAOYDUS    PAMPHYLI.ffi. 

(Domttian,) 

AOMITIANOC  KAICAP.     Bust  of  emperor  to  the  right. 
R. — MArYAGWN.     Pallas  Nicephorus  standing  to  the  left ;  a 
spear  in  her  left  hand  ;  before  her,  at  her  feet,  an  argo- 
lic  buckler.     JE.  4.     (British  Museum.) 

The  coins  of  Magydus  are  valuable  to  numismatic 
geography,  in  assisting  to  determine  the  true  name  of 
this  town.  Scylax44  reads  Mao-TycJoe ;  the  different  manu- 
scripts and  editions  of  Ptolemy,45  Magydis,  Magidos, 
Matylos,  MATYAOS,  and  MayvSoc,  which  last  reading  is 
the  true  one,  the  T  and  A  being  ill  read,  or  an  obvious 
error  for  r  and  A  in  the  pre-cited  MS.  Hierocles  reads 
Matylus.  The  first  imperial  coin  of  this  state  is  under 
Augustus.  The  type  of  Pallas  is  common,  and  is  found 
on  a  coin  of  Nero,46  and  on  a  reverse  of  Hadrian,47  with 
IA,  or  the  eleventh  year  of  municipal  or  regal  date,  for  a  K 
occurs  before  the  same  type  on  a  reverse  of  Verus.48 


44  p.  39. 

45  Cf.  Ptolera.  a  Wilberg,  &  Grashof,  4to.  Essend.  1844,  p. 331. 

46  Mionnet,  iii.457. 

47  Sestini,  Lett.  Num.  Cont.  t.  viii.  71.  Descr.  del  Mus.  Hed.  ii. 
256,  tab.  xxiii.  502.        48  Ibid.  t.  viii.  Mionnet,  Supp.  viii.  42,  43. 


48  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

T1BERIOPOLIS    PHRYGI^E. 

(Antoninus  Pius.) 

AYT  KAI  AAP  ANTONGINOC.  Head  of  Antoninus  Pius, 
to  the  right. 

R. — TIBePIOIIOAITHNilN.  Mensis  standing,  to  the  right ; 
moon  at  his  back ;  a  globe  in  his  left  hand ;  in  his 
right,  a  sceptre  ;  foot  on  head  of  bull.  JE.  4. 

(British  Museum.) 

This  town,  which  had  but  a  short  existence,  is  supposed 
to  have  existed  previous  to  the  Romans,  and  to  have  been 
re-named  in  honor  of  the  Emperor  Tiberius.49  Its  impe- 
rial currency  commences  with  Trajan,  and  ends  with  Cara- 
calla.50  The  type  is  common;  and  on  the  bas  relief  at 
Clamydda  (Texier,  As.  Min.  pi.  52)  the  moon  places  his 
foot  on  the  head  of  a  prostrate  bull.  His  worship  was 
there  allied  with  that  of  Jupiter. 


49  Ptolem.  v.     Hierocl.  xxii.  Phrygiae.     Notit.  Episc. 
60  Eckhel,  Doct.  Num.  Vet.  vii.  p,  175.      Dumersan,  Ilec.  dcs 
Medailles  Auton.  p.  102, 


49 


MISCELLANEA. 


DISCOVERY  OF  ENGLISH  AND  SCOTCH  COINS  IN  IRELAND. 
— My  dear  Sir. — A  few  days  ago,  some  labourers,  who  were 
sodding  potatoes  in  the  reclaimed  fish-pond  of  the  abbey  of  ARD 
QUIN,  in  the  Groat  Ards,  near  Portaferry,  county  Down,  dis- 
covered a  small  box,  which  contained  near  five  hundred  silver 
coins,  consisting  of  the  following : — 

About  two  hundred  pennies  of  EDWARD  I  ,  all  of  common 
English  mints. 

A  few  common  groats,  and  half-groats  of  EDWARD  III.  ;  forty 
groats,  half-groats,  and  pennies  of  DAVID  II.  and  ROBERT  II. 
of  Scotland,  none  of  which  were  rare;  one  heavy  groat  of 
EDWARD  IV.,  weighing  72  grains,  in  good  preservation. 

A  COVENTRY  groat  of  EDWARD  IV. 

A  very  fine  groat  of  RICHARD  II. 

Twenty  pennies  of  the  same  king,  many  of  which  are  unpub- 
lished. 

One  AQT  groat  of  EDWARD  III. 

A  few  EDWARD  III.  pennies,  of  the  Durham  mint,  some  of 
which  are  curious. 

One  groat  of  EDWARD  III.,  which  reads,  -J-eDW7UlD°D0G° 
RGX°S:NGL0Z0FRANC0D0HY;  an  annulet  outside  the  tressure 
under  the  neck. 

Rev.  Legend  as  usual,  with  an  annulet  at  the  termination  of  eafih 
word.  Three  pellets  in  each  of  three  of  the  quarters  ;  and  three 
pellets  and  an  annulet  in  the  fourth. 

Twelve  English  halfpence  of  EDWARD  III. 

One  EDWARD  I.  Dublin  halfpenny,  and 

A  Cork  penny  of  EDWARD  J. 

JAMES  CARRUTHERS. 

To  C.  R.  SMITH,  Esq. 

(iLKN(  K!.i:.U:il,     NK.VH     \\Y.\.\    \M, 

April!,  1845. 

Coins,  and  other  Antiquities,  recently  discovered  on  the  site  of  the 
Temple  of  the  Goddess  Sequana,  near  Dijon. 

The  Revue  de  la  Nvmismatique  Bchje1  contains  an  interesting 
account  of  excavations  recently  made  on  the  site  of  an  ancient 


1  Tome  ii.  1843,  1844,  1845,  No.  2. 

VOL.     VIII.  H 


50  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLK. 

temple,  which,  from  an  inscription  upon  a  votive  vase,  appears  to 
have  been  dedicated  to  a  local  divinity,  the  tutelary  goddess  of  the 
river  Seine. 

A  provincial  society  of  archaeologists,  animated  by  that  earnest 
and  sincere  devotion  to  antiquarian  science  which  so  pre-eminently 
distinguishes  the  French  antiquary,  has  long  supplied  money  for 
carrying  on  researches  in  the  department  of  Cote  d'Or,  near  Dijon. 
The  excavations  have  disclosed  the  foundations  of  a  temple,  frag- 
ments of  architecture,  capitals  of  columns,  marbles,  tessellated 
pavements,  altars,  statues,  has  reliefs,  inscriptions,  and  jewellery, 
as  well  as  a  series  of  coins  of  almost  all  the  emperors  of  the  Gallo- 
Roman  period. 

In  one  of  the  little  chapels,  or  rooms  surrounding  the  temple,  a 
vase  was  discovered,  inscribed  on  its  neck,  DE^E  SEQVANA 
(sic)  RVFVS  DONAVIT.  It  was  closed  by  a  piece  of  lead, 
and  contained  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  ex  votas,  formed  of 
thin  leaf  copper,  stamped  and  clipped  with  scissors,  representing 
eyes,  breasts,  the  organs  of  generation,  as  well  as  the  entire  human 
body,  both  male  and  female.  In  the  midst  of  these  offerings  was 
an  earthen  vase,  containing  about  eight  hundred  coins  in  first, 
second,  and  third  brass,  and  in  billon,  commencing  from  Augustus 
down  to  Magnus  Maximus  inclusive.  There  is  only  one  specimen 
of  each  of  these  two  emperors;  and  from  one  to  five  of  the  emperors 
and  empresses  prior  to  Gallienus.  Of  Postumus,  there  are  one 
hundred  and  thirty-seven  ;  of  Victorinus  ninety-eight ;  of  the 
Tetrici  two  hundred  and  twenty-eight ;  of  the  subsequent  emperors 
and  usurpers,  from  one  to  three. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Numismatic  Chronicle. 

No.  10,  Rue  des  Pctits  August'ins,  Paris. 

SIR — You  published  in  a  late  number  of  the  Numismatic 
Chronicle  an  article  concerning  "a  forger  of  ancient  coins,"  and 
you  stated  that  his  name  was  Hoffman,  or  Noffman.  Now,  Sir,  as 
I  bear  the  name  of  Hoffman,  and  am  a  dealer  in  coins  and  medals 
at  Paris,  and  occasionally  visit  London,  that  article  is  calculated 
to  do  me  a  deal  of  harm,  as  collectors,  dealers,  &c.,  may  confound 
me  with  the  individual  alluded  to.  I  am,  Sir,  your  obedient 
humble  servant,  JOHN  HENRY  HOFFMAN. 

[We  are  sorry  for  the  identity  of  names  ;  and  it  is  but  an  act  of 
justice  to  state,  that  the  writer  of  the  above  is  not  the  person  to 
whom  allusion  has  been  made. — EDITOR.] 

MEDAL  OF  SIR  JOHN  FORTESCUE. — In  the  "  Medallic 
History  of  England,"  (Plate  xi,  No.  2,)  is  engraved  a  very 
interesting  and  well-executed  Jetton,  which  Pinkerton  thus 
describes:  — 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  51 

"A  Jetton.  Arms;  '  Nobilitas  sola  et  imica  virtus.'  Rev. 
the  Crest ;  *  Magnanimis  ingenita  pietas.'  " 

This  extremely  meagre  and  unsatisfactory  description  has  been 
suffered  to  remain  on  record  without  any  attempt  to  explain  the 
import  or  give  the  true  appropriation  of  this  little  medallic 
curiosity.  From  the  character  of  the  workmanship,  it  evidently 
belongs  to  the  same  period  as  the  Jettons  of  Sackville,  Lord 
Buckhurst,  Coke,  Hele,  Cecil,  and  Burleigh,  which  were  all 
struck  in  or  about  the  year  1602  ;  to  which  period,  therefore, 
we  could  have  no  difficulty  in  assigning  it.  The  arms,  too,  are 
remarkable,  consisting  of  six  different  quarterings.  Prepared 
with  these  data,  we  proceeded  to  the  College  of  Arms,  and  are 
indebted  to  the  ready  courtesy  and  intelligence  of  our  good  friend 
T.  W.  King,  Esq.,  Rouge  Dragon,  for  the  following  particulars. 

The  arms  on  the  Jetton  in  question,  are  those  of  Sir  John 
Fortescue,  Knt.,  as  they  appear  annexed  to  his  funeral  certificate 
in  the  Herald's  College.  He  was  one  of  the  Privy  Council  to 
Queen  Elizabeth,  and  also  to  King  James  I.,  and  was  Chancellor 
of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster.  His  first  wife  was  Cecily,  daughter 
and  co-heir  of  Sir  Edmund  Ashfield,  of  Tetenho,  Knt.,  by  whom 
he  had  Sir  Francis  Fortescue,  Knight  of  the  hath,  and  Sir 
William  Fortescue.  His  second  wife  was  Alice,  daughter  of 
Christopher  Smith,  of  Annabelle,  by  whom  he  had  a  daughter 
Margery,  who  married  Sir  John  Poulteney,  of  Misterton,  Knt. 

Sir  John  Fortescue,  the  subject  of  these  remarks,  died  23rd 
December,  1607.  He  was  the  son  of  Sir  Adrian  Fcrtescue,  who 
was  beheaded  in  1539,  and  was  lineally  descended  from  Sir  John 
Fortescue,  who  was  captain  of  Meaux,  and  governor  of  Brie,  in 
France,  under  King  Henry  V. ;  whose  son  Henry  was  sometime 
chief  justice  in  Ireland.  The  present  Earl  Fortescue  also 
descends  from  this  Henry. 

The  arms  in  Pinkerton's  engraving  are  slightly  incorrect. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  an  example  is  here  offered  of  the 
usefulness  of  the  study  of  heraldry,  in  elucidating  a  numismatic 
difficulty.  B.  N. 


NUMISMATIC  PUBLICATIONS. 

REVUE  NUMISMATIQUE. — Bulletin  Bibliographique. 

JANUARY  AND  FEBRUARY. 

M.  Ch.  Lenormanti  Memoire  sur  le  Classement  des  Medailles 
qui  peuvent  appartenir  aux  treize  premiers  Arsacides. — Didot, 
1841,  4to.  Pp.  64—75. 

This  is  an  able  review  of  a  short  work  by  Lenormant,  in  which 


52  NUMISMATIC   CHRONICLE. 

he  endeavours,  by  means  of  dates  and  character  of  workmanship^ 
to  form  some  classification  of  the  coins  of  the  Parthian  princes. 
He  arranges  them  into  two  principal  classes:  —  1st.  The  Tetra- 
drachms,  struck  by  Greek  towns  on  the  borders  of  the  Euphrates, 
and  subject  to  the  Arsacidse — such  as  Seleucia  and  Ctesiphon,  of 
which  we  have  no  uninterrupted  series  till  Orodes,  the  fourteenth 
prince.  2nd.  Drachmas,  which  were  fabricated  in  the  heart  of 
the  Empire,,  and  the  date  of  which,  though  difficult  to  determine, 
was  probably  not  the  same  as  that  which  produced  the  tetra- 
drachms.  These  questions  are  fully  examined  in  the  Review. 

II.   E.  Cartier. —  "Jules  Rousset,  Memoir e  sur  les  Monnaies  dK 
Valentinois.— Valence,  L.  Borel,  1843,  8vo."     Pp.  75—78. 

M.  Cartier,  in  a  short  review  of  this  work,  praises  the  general 
character  of  it,  but  thinks  that  the  author  has  made  a  mistake 
in  arranging  the  coins  of  Valence,  under  the  three  heads  of 
Episcopal,  Baronial,  and  Municipal;  and  has  thus  made  a  too 
hasty  generalisation.  The  work  is  rendered  less  valuable  by  the 
badness  of  its  plates. 

HI.    F.   Duhamel. — Quelques    Observations    sur    les    Triens  de 
Quentovic.     Pp.  37—40. 

M,  Duhamel  considers  that  the  mint  at  Quentovic  must  have 
been  one  of  the  earliest  established  in  France ;  as  appears  both 
from  the  importance  of  the  place  itself  and  from  the  great  number 
of  coins  continually  discovered  there  ;  yet,  among  the  numerous 
towns  whose  names  occur  on  the  money  of  the  Merovingian 
Dynasties,  none  have  been  found  with  the  name  Quentovicus ; 
several  have,  however,  occurred  with  the  shorter  legend  vicvs  FIT, 
and  M.  Duhamel  shows,  we  think  successfully,  by  extracts  from 
old  writers  and  charters,  that  this  was  a  common  name  for 
Quentovic. 

IV.  A.  du  Chalais. — Observations  sur  quelques  monnaies  frappees 
a  Orange  pendant  le  Moy en-age.     Pp.  41 — 63. 

This  is  a  long  historical  paper  on  the  coins  of  the  house  of 
Baux,  suggested  in  some  measure  by  a  previous  paper  of  M. 
Cartier  (in  the  Revue,  1839)  on  the  money  of  Venaissin  and  the 
principality  of  Orange  ;  in  which  he  points  out  and  corrects 
several  mistakes  into  which  M.  Cartier  had  fallen.  He  begins 
with  Bertrand  I.  in  1173,  and  continues  the  series  to  Raimond  IV. 
and  Catherine  de  Courthezen.  The  paper  is  completed  in  the 
next  No.  of  the  Review. 


NUMISMATIC   PUBLICATIONS.  53 


MARCH  AND  APRIL. 

II.  A.  de  Chalais. — Observations  sur  quelques  monnaies  frappees 
a  Orange  pendant  le  Moyen-age  (suite  et  Jin).     Pp.  97 — 113. 

This  is  a  continuation  of  the  former  paper  on  the  same  subject 
in  the  last  number  of  the  Review.  In  this,  M.  de  Chalais 
concludes  his  account  of  this  class  of  coins,  commencing  with  the 
house  of  Chalon.  He  finishes  his  essay  with  a  very  interesting 
account  of  the  moneyers  connected  with  the  house  of  Orange, 
and  of  the  system  of  mintage  which  prevailed  during  the  middle 
ages  in  this  part  of  Europe.  It  appears  that  the  moneyers  in 
the  fourteenth  century  banded  together,  and  took  the  title  of 
Monnoyers  du  serment  de  I' Empire ;  that  they  held  an  assembly 
from  time  to  time  in  different  cities,  with  the  name  of  Sablement 
general  constitue,  and  that  to  it  deputies  were  sent  from  the 
principal  minting  towns. 

III.  A.  de   Longperier. — Observations  sur  le   type   de    quelques 

deniers  de  Pepin.     Pp.  93 — 96. 

M.  de  Longperier  begins  by  some  just  remarks  on  the  in- 
accuracy of  the  engravings  of  coins  during  the  last  century,  and 
shows  how  necessary  it  is  to  have  the  actual  coin  in  sight,  and 
the  many  errors  that  have  arisen  from  trusting  only  to  the 
drawings  or  descriptions  which  earlier  numismatists  have  given. 
He  illustrates  this  position  by  various  interpretations  which  have 
been  proposed  for  some  of  the  deniers  of  Pepin,  and  concludes 
by  offering  a  new  and  very  intelligible  reading  for  one  of  them. 

IV.  M.  Octave  Gauban. — Monnaies  d' Aquitaine  et  de  Gascoigne. 

Pp.  114—119. 

M.  Gauban,  in  this  paper,  criticises  a  notice  on  some  coins  of 
these  duchies,  published  by  M.  le  Comte  de  Gourgue  in  the  last 
number  of  the  Revue.  M.  Gourgue  had  endeavoured  to  prove — 
1st.  that  there  were  separate  mints  for  each  duchy  ;  2nd.  to 
restore  to  the  dukes  of  Gascony  some  deniers  which  had  been 
attributed  to  the  dukes  of  Aquitaine  ;  3rd.  to  show  that  he  had 
made  a  mistake  in  assigning  to  William  V.  a  denier  struck  at 
Bourdeaux.  M.  Gauban,  on  the  other  hand,  considers  that  he 
has  shown — 1st.  that  the  dukes  of  Aquitaine  did  exercise  a 
sovereign  power  over  the  part  of  Gascony  which  comprehended 
the  Bordelais ;  2nd.  that  we  do  not  really  know  any  thing  of 
any  deniers  issued  by  the  dukes  of  Gascony ;  and,  3rd.  that  the 
pieces  given  by  M.  Gourgue  to  these  dukes  do  really  belong  to 
William  V.  of  Aquitaine. 


54  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


V.  M.  Requien. — Notice  sur  quelques  monnaies  du  Musee  Calvet 

a  Avignon.     Pp.  120—127. 

This  paper  is  simply  a  catalogue  of  a  few  mediaeval  coins,  pre- 
served in  the  Musee  Calvet  at  Avignon,  of  Dauphine,  Vienne, 
Gap,  Valence,  Die,  and  St.  Paul-trois-chateaux ;  and  twenty- 
seven  coins  of  Thoulouse,  Valence  and  Provence,  discovered  three 
years  ago  at  Rochegude,  in  the  department  de  la  Drome,  also 
preserved  in  the  Museum. 

VI.  Jules  Rouger. — Dissertation  sur  la  Monnaie  communale  de 

St.  Omer.     Pp.  128—139. 

This  is  a  very  interesting  historical  paper  on  the  date  of  money 
of  St.  Omer  M.  Duhamel  had  already  (see  Rev.  Num.  1843,  p. 
439)  considered  that  the  mint  of  St.  Omer  was  the  most  ancient 
of  those  used  by  the  counts  of  Flanders;  M.  Hermand  (Hist. 
Monet,  de  la  Prov.  D'Artois,  p.  98)  has  urged  the  establishment 
of  mints  at  Lille  and  Bruges,  towards  the  end  of  the  eleventh 
century;  and  it  is  probable  that  Arras,  Gand,  and  Ypres,  too,  may 
claim  almost  as  early  a  date :  M.  Rouger  thinks  that  the  same 
may  be  said  of  St.  Omer,  but  he  cannot  produce  any  direct  his- 
torical testimony  to  the  existence  of  a  mint  there  earlier  than 
A.D.  1127.  The  passage,  however,  which  he  quotes  as  proving 
the  existence  of  a  mint  at  that  time,  really  implies  that  there  was 
one  at  a  period  considerably  earlier.  The  whole  question  is  one 
of  great  importance  to  students  of  this  portion  of  mediaeval 
history. 

VII.  M.  Soleirol. — De  la  refonte  des  monnaies  de  cuivre.     Pp. 

140—144. 

This  paper  is  chiefly  interesting  in  the  country  in  which  it  was 
proposed  to  make  the  changes ;  but  there  are  some  observations 
which  are  universally  applicable.  M.  Soleirol  argues,  1st,  that 
it  is  unwise  to  strike  pieces  of  less  value  than  five  cent.,  because 
they  will  be  chiefly  in  the  hands  of  the  lower  orders,  who 
are  likely  to  lose  pieces  so  small ;  2nd,  that  the  circulation  of  the 
existing  money  will  be  retarded  in  other  states ;  3rd,  that  it 
will  tend  to  increase  the  price  of  merchandise.  Again,  of  the 
change  of  material,  he  argues ;  1st,  that,  though  the  bronze  is 
the  hardest  and  most  durable,  it  will  not  be  the  best  for  the 
classes  who  will  chiefly  use  them  ;  2nd,  that  the  existing  pure 
copper  is  the  best,  because  it  retains  its  colour  longer  than  either 
bell- metal  or  bronze,  and  is  consequently  less  exposed  to  the 
craft  of  the  forgers. 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  55 

MAY  AND  JUNE. 

I.  Adrian  de  Longperier. — Attribution  d'une  Medaille  Gauloise  a 

Agendicum  Senonum.     Pp.  165 — 169. 

M.  de  Longperier  thinks  it  probable  that  coins  of  Amphipolis 
and  Thessalonica  may  have  found  their  way  to  this  part  of  Gaul, 
just  as  the  gold  Philippi  are  admitted  to  have  come  to  other  parts. 
The  only  difficulty  is  as  to  the  exact  position  of  Agendicum.  We 
think  that  M.  de  Longperier  successfully  vindicates  for  the  town 
of  Sens,  this  ancient  name. 

II.  M.  Lenormant. — Recherches  sur  les  epoques  et  sur  les  causes 

d'emission  de  VCES  grave  en  Italic.     Pp.  170 — 195. 

M.  Lenormant,  in  a  paper  of  great  ability  and  interest,  con- 
siders very  fully  the  real  history  of  the  Roman  As: — He  dis- 
cusses,— I.  their  antiquity,  and  argues  that  it  has  been  much 
overrated  by  those  who  have  not  sufficiently  considered,  1st,  that 
their  style  of  work  is  not  archaic;  2nd,  that  they  show  con- 
siderable freedom  of  hand  and  knowledge  of  modelling  ;  3rd, 
that  they  are  the  result  of  Greek  talent ;  4th,  that  they  may  not 
improbably  be  copies  of  an  earlier  coinage ;  and  from  these  and 
similar  arguments  concludes  that  they  are  not  older  than  B.C. 
385.  II.  He  divides  them  into  five  classes: — 1,  Roman;  2,  Latian; 
3,  Etruscan  ;  4,  Umbrian  ;  5,  of  towns  in  the  Apennine  range  ; 
and  considers  that  Rome  was  the  originator  of  them  all,  and 
imposed  them  on  each  state,  as  the  result  of  her  conquest.  He 
points  out,  that  there  were  probably  two  classes  of  artists: — 1st, 
those  who  servilely  copied  the  Roman  original ;  and  2nd,  those 
who  added  some  mark  or  symbol  peculiar  to  their  own  town  ;  and 
that  to  these  two  sources  are  due  the  varieties  we  find  of  type.  He 
then  gives,  at  considerable  length,  the  separate  history  of  each 
state,  and  shews  that  his  previous  remarks  are  fully  borne  out 
by  a  large  induction  of  particular  instances. 

III.  B.  Fillon. —  Tiers  de  sol  d'or  inedit  de  Sigebert  premier  roi 

d'Austrasie.     Pp.  196—200. 

M.  Fillon  considers  this  coin  to  have  been  struck  at  the  same 
period  as  a  coin  of  the  same  class  from  Treves,  which  is  one  of 
the  earliest  monuments  of  the  Merovingian  dynasty  and  copied 
from  the  Byzantine  gold  series.  The  earliest  coin  of  this  class 
to  which  a  date  can  be  assigned  is  one  of  Theodebert  I.  in  A.D. 
547  ;  and  this  is  obviously  copied  from  the  type  of  Justinian. 
M.  Fillon  further  believes  that  an  autonomous  coinage  of  the  towns 
preceded  the  regal  series,  and  that  the  names  of  moneyers  were 
not  affixed  earlier  than  A.D.  550. 


56  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

IV.  A.  de  Chasteigner. — Catalogue  d'une  decouverte  de  Monnaies 
du  Moy  en-age  faite  dans  la  crypte  de  St.  Eutrope  de  Saintes, 
le  19  Mai,  1843.  Pp.  201—221. 

This  curious  discovery  of  mediaeval  coins  was  owing  to  some 
repairs  which  were  made  by  M.  1'abbe  Lacurie  in  the  church  of 
St.  Eutrope.  They  were  found,  for  the  most  part,  under  the 
spot,  on  which,  previous  to  the  revolution,  the  high  altar  had 
stood,  together  with  what  was  probably  the  remains  of  the  tomb 
of  the  patron  saint  of  the  city,  St.  Eutropius.  The  whole  number 
found  amount  to  two-hundred  and  sixty-seven,  of  which  the 
regal  series  comprehends  ninety-two  ;  the  baronial,  one-hundred 
and  fifty-four  ;  and  the  foreign,  twenty-one.  They  form  a 
nearly  continuous  series  from  the  end  of  the  eleventh  century,  to 
Francis  I.,  comprehending  specimens  of  the  coinage  of  Angu- 
mois,  Anjou,  Aquitaine,  Berri,  Burgundy,  Brittany,  Champagne, 
Chartres,  Dauphine,  Franche-Comte,  Languedoc,  Limousin, 
Lyonnais,  Maine,  Poitou,  Provence ;  Princes  of  Orange  ;  Archbp. 
d' Aries  ;  Bishops  of  Maguelone,  Querci,  Touraine ;  of  Kings, 
Louts  VII.,  Philippe  Auguste,  Louis  VIII.,  Louis  IX.,  Philippe 
le  Hardi,  Philippe  le  Bel,  Philippe  le  Long,  Charles  le  Bel, 
Philippe  de  Valois,  Jean,  Charles  VI.  VII.  VIII.  Louis  XII. 
Francois  I.,  and  of  Alphonse  d'Arragon  ;  Flandre,  republic  of 
Genoa,  Bishop  of  Liege,  Amadeus  of  Savoy,  Louis  of  Savoy,  and 
Pope  Nicholas  V.  At  the  end  of  his  dissertation,  M.  de 
Chasteigner  gives  an  interesting  account  of  the  early  history  and 
subsequent  fate  of  the  church  itself. 

JULY  AND  AUGUST. 

I.  M.  Lenormant. — Recherches  sur  les  epoques  et  sur  les  causes 
d'emission  de  Vces  grave  en  Italie  (deuxieme  article}.  Pp.  245 
—270. 

M.  Lenormant,  in  this  number,  concludes  his  very  able  paper 
on  the  <ES  grave,  with  some  general  remarks.  He  believes  that 
there  can  be  no  question  but  the  whole  mintage  of  Campania 
was  arranged  according  to  the  Hellenic  system.  That  in  all  cases 
the  Greek  are  the  oldest,  the  Oscan  next,  and  those  with  Latin 
legends,  the  latest.  That  those  coins  of  Cales,  Ascania,  Suessa, 
etc.  which  bear  Latin  inscriptions  belong  to  the  period  immediately 
following  the  Roman  conquest.  That  many  of  the  more  rudely 
executed  of  the  Italian  asses  hold  in  the  ancient  coinage  nearly 
the  same  position  which  the  siege  pieces  do  in  modern  times ;  and 
lastly,  that  the  use  of  the  ccs  grave,  as  it  probably  arose  from 
the  great  scarcity  of  the  precious  metals,  so  too,  on  their  becom- 
ing more  abundant  after  the  taking  of  Tarentum,  it  went  out  of 
fashion. 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  57 

II.  B.  Fillon, — Monnaies    incdites  de    Saint   Martin   de    Tours. 

Pp.  271—277. 

M.  Fillon  states  that  it  is  his  intention  to  follow  in  the  track 
of  M.  Carder  who  first  pointed  out  (Rev.  Num.  1838,  p.  257) 
the  antiquity  of  the  mintage  of  St.  Martin  de  Tours  ;  and  that 
with  this  object  in  view,  he  proposes  to  give  an  account  of  three 
remarkable  coins,  which  have  issued  from  that  Mint.  The  first, 
probably  marks  a  period  of  transition  from  the  second  to  the 
third  race  of  the  Merovingians  ;  earlier  therefore  than  the  time 
of  Charlemagne,  to  whose  era  some  would  attribute  it.  The 
second  is  one  of  Pepin,  upon  which,  however  (though  M.  Fillon 
thinks  without  reason),  some  doubt  has  been  cast.  The  third  is 
a  denier  of  Charles  le  Chauve,  on  which  the  head  of  the  saint 
or  king  is  a  peculiarity  which  has  been  found  on  only  one  other 
coin  of  the  second  race.  It  appears  that  the  private  right  of  the 
mint  of  St.  Martin  lasted  from  the  latter  part  of  the  sixth  century 
till  the  time  of  Philip  Augustus,  who  established  it  as  a  royal 
mint. 

III.  Adrien  de  Longperier. — Monnaies  frappees  pour  les  Comtes 

de  Roussillon  par  les  JKois  d' Aragon.     Pp.  278 — 294. 

M.  de  Longperier  alludes,  in  the  first  place,  to  an  Imperial 
Greek  coin  of  Ruscino,  and  mentions  an  attribution  of  a  similar 
one  to  Berytus  in  Phoenicia  by  M.  de  Ranch.  He  then  gives  a 
sketch  of  the  history  of  the  counts  of  Roussillon  from  the  year 
A.D.  1130,  and  of  the  kings  of  Aragon  whose  money  (with  the 
titles  of  Counts  of  Barcelona  and  Aragon)  appears  to  have  been 
in  circulation  there,  quoting  a  passage  from  Bosch.  Titols  de 
Honor,  p.  490  ;  from  which  he  infers  that  the  croat  or  gros 
d' argent  was  the  prototype  of  the  English  groat.  He  then 
notices  the  adoption  in  the  north  of  Spain  of  the  Arabic  dirhens 
as  the  type  of  the  Spanish  marabotins,  and  refers  to  a  paper  by 
him  in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle  (1842,  No.  xviii.  p.  122),  in 
which  he  shows  a  similar  adoption  of  the  Arabic  type  by  Offa, 
and  proves  the  derivation  of  the  word  mancus  from  the  Arabic 
mancousch.  A  similar  practice  he  shows  was  also  in  vogue  in  the 
Narbonnaise  in  798,  the  bishop  of  Orleans  having  complained  that 
they  attempted  to  corrupt  him  with  money,  "  quos  aratum  sermo 
sive  character  arat." 

IV.  Jules  Rouger. — Lettre  a  M.  A.  Hermand,  sur   quatre  man' 
naies  ou  plombs  des  fetes  folles  de  Terouane  et  d'Aire-sur-lys. 
Pp.  295-304. 

M.  Rouger  commences  by  pointing  out  a  mistake  into  which  M. 
Hermand  had  at  first  fallen,  but  subsequently  admitted,  owing  to 

VOL.    VIII.  I. 


58  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

the  pieces  not  having  been  sufficiently  cleaned.  He  then  con- 
siders the  question,  whether  they  are  to  be  considered  as  mereaux 
of  the  commune  or  chapter  of  Aire.  Now  it  appears  from  an 
account  of  the  festival  of  St.  Eloy  to  have  been  the  custom  on  the 
Sunday  before  the  saint's  day  to  distribute  as  many  mereaux  as 
there  were  persons  present  (see  R.  P.  Antoine  Deslions,  Hist,  de 
1'Institut.  de  St.  Eloy,  Douay,  1709,  p.  10),  To  this  class  of 
jetons  M.  Rouger  attributes  this  piece,  and  not  to  mereaux  of 
\\iefetes  des  Innocents  et  des  Fous  (see  M.  Leber,  sur  ces  monnaies. 
Paris,  1837).  Similar  to  these  are  the  well-known  coins  of  the 
Innocents  d*  Amiens.  They  may  have  been  distributed  to  certain 
foundations  by  the  bishop,  whose  name  they  bear ;  but  this  M. 
Rouger  doubts.  He  then  mentions  the  fetes  folles  d'Aire  and 
the  fetes  de  Liesse ;  the  first,  a  clerical,  and  the  second,  a  lay 
celebration.  To  this  second  class,  the  leaden  pieces  in  question 
probably  belong. 

SEPTEMBER  AND  OCTOBER. 

II.  J.  de  Witte.— Medailles  inedites  de  Postume.    Pp.  330—369. 

M.  de  Witte,  in  a  very  long  paper,  gives  an  interesting  account 
of  a  set  of  the  coins  of  Postumus,  the  reverses  of  which  form  a 
complete  series  of  the  labours  of  Hercules.  He  observes,  that 
it  is  not  easy  to  determine  why  Postumus  should  have  appro- 
priated to  himself  this  type  of  Hercules  ;  but,  he  may  have  done 
so,  because  his  own  countenance  bore  a  strong  resemblance  to  the 
Greek  ideal  head  of  Hercules,  or,  in  imitation  of  the  types  on  the 
coins  of  Commodus,  or  perhaps  in  allusion  to  the  success  of  his 
victories.  He  considers,  that  those  coins  which  represent  the 
labours  or  attributes  of  Hercules  may  be  divided  into  three 
classes: — 1st,  those  with  surnames  derived  from  the  places  in 
which  his  exploits  were  performed ;  2nd,  those  which  allude  to 
the  religion  of  the  countries  conquered  by  i'ostumus,  with  local 
epithets  ;  3rd,  those  on  which  the  attributes  of  Hercules  appear, 
as  emblems  of  the  imperial  power.  M.  de  Witte  adds,  that 
Commodus  was  the  first  who  ventured  to  adopt  the  character  of 
Hercules  upon  his  money:  subsequently  the  practice  became 
very  common,  and  continued  till  Christianity  became  firmly 
established. 

III.  Dr.  Rigollot. —  Tiers  de  Gros  frappe  par  Charles  VII.,  en 

qualite  de  Due  de  Touraine.     Pp.  370—373. 

This  is  a  short  essay  upon  a  curious  piece,  which  has  already 
been  published  in  the  plates  to  LeUancs  Traile  Historique, 
though  he  has  not  described  it  in  his  text.  He  considers  that  it 
was  struck  by  Charles  VII.  as  Due  de  Touraine,  and  that  it  was 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  59 

reserved  by  Leblanc  for  a  work  on  the  monnaies  des  barons 
which  has  never  been  published.  Dr.  Rigollot  determines  its 
date  to  have  been  between  October  29th,  1422,  and  April  19th, 
J423. 

IV.   F.  Poey  d'Avant. — Notice  sur  une  Decouverte  des  Monnaies 
du  Moyen-dije  a  Mareuil  (Vendee).     Pp.  374—385. 

These  coins  were  found  to  the  number  of  15,442,  in  the  course 
of  some  excavations  made  at  the  ancient  castle  of  Mareuil.  In 
proportion  to  their  great  number,  their  interest  is  comparatively 
small;  but  there  are  some  among  them  of  great  value.  Among 
the  unedited  coins  are  specimens  from  the  mints  of  William  I. 
of  Chateauroux,  Stephen  I.  of  Penthievre ;  Alain,  Count  of  Pen- 
thievre, and  Guincamp.  Four  of  them  he  considers  to  be  very 
valuable,  as  they  clear  up  a  portion  of  the  history  of  the  thirteenth 
century  which  has  hitherto  been  obscure. 

It  seems  not  improbable,  that  this  treasure  may  have  belonged 
to  some  lords  of  the  army  of  Louis  IX.  All  the  coins  of  this 
monarch  which  have  been  found,  are  in  excellent  preservation ; 
and  the  battle  of  Taillebourg  was  in  1242.  Another  suggestion, 
that  of  M.  Fillon,  is,  that  the  treasure  was  buried  at  the  time  of 
the  defeat  of  the  English  in  Poitou,  in  1224,  by  Louis  VIII. 

REVUE  DE  LA  BELGE. 

I.  Catalogue  des  Monnaies  des  Comtes  de  Hainault.     Pp.  I — 25. 

This  is  the  first  part  of  a  complete  catalogue  of  all  the  Belgian 
money  which  the  directors  of  the  review,  propose  to  publish 
in  order.  It  commences  with  those  on  which  the  name  of  the 
count  who  struck  them  does  not  appear.  It  then  comprehends 
specimens  of  the  coinage  from  Margaret  of  Constantinople,  in  A.D. 
1245,  to  Philip  the  Good,  in  A.D.  1467.  The  size  and  weight  of 
the  coins  is  given  in  almost  every  case. 

II.  C.  Piot. — Ancienne  Administration  Monetaire  de  la  Belgique. 

Pp.  26—76. 

M.  Piot  in  a  very  learned  and  comprehensive  paper  gives  the 
history  of  the  early  coinage  of  the  provinces  now  (more  or  less) 
comprehended  under  the  title  of  "  La  Belgique"  He  shows 
that  the  system  is  constructed  upon  that  of  the  Frank  dynasties, 
and  that  it  prevailed  even  to  a  late  period.  Even  in  the  ordinary 
management  of  the  workmen  of  the  mint,  the  French  rules  were 
adopted ;  and  any  privileges  obtained  by  those  of  the  former, 
were  granted  to  those  also  of  the  latter.  M.  Piot  quotes  from 


60  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE* 

many  authorities,  who  prove  that  the  moneyers  were  held  in  the 
highest  respect,  that  they  were  under  the  prince  himself,  that 
they  formed  a  confederation,  connected  together  by  many  curious 
rights'and  laws,  and  that  this  administration  continued  till  the  year 
A.D.  1749.  As  a  royal  prerogative,  the  right  of  coining  could 
not  be  legally  exercised,  except  in  virtue  of  a  direct  permission ; 
thus  the  abbey  of  Pruim  obtained  this  privilege  for  the  Low 
Countries,  in  A.D.  861;  the  bishop  of  Utrecht,  in  A.D.  937; 
and  the  towns  of  Over-yssel,  Deventer,  etc.  in  A.  D.  1046 ; 
while  from  A.D.  1314,  it  was  confined  by  an  express  charter  to 
the  free  cities.  The  right  at  first  was  limited  to  silver ;  but  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  gold  also  was  permitted. 

His  paper  is  finished  by  extracts  from  twenty -four  different 
charters,  etc.;  in  Norman  French,  Dutch,  and  Latin,  which  he 
calls  pieces  justificatives. 

III.  De  C — Notice  sur  une  Trouvaille  de  Monnaies  faite  a 

Marchiennes-au  Pont  en  J841.  Pp.  77 — 81. 
This  discovery  of  about  700  pieces  was  in  digging  up  some 
ground  near  Charleroy.  It  consists  of  coins  of  the  marquesses 
of  Namur,  counts  of  Hainault,  dukes  of  Brabant,  count  of  Loos. 
It  seems  probable  that  these  coins  were  lost,  or  buried,  before  the 
esterlings  of  Valenciennes  came  into  circulation—  certainly  before 
A.D.  1296,  and  probably  before  A.D.  1294. 

IV.  G.  Groddons. — Lettre  a  MM.  les  redacteurs  de  la  Revue  de 

la  Numismatique  Beige.     Pp.  81,  82. 

This  letter  contains  a  short  account  of  the  discovery,  by  a  girl 
while  harvesting,  of  a  small  box  (on  which  were  the  arms  of 
Charles  V.),  containing  ten  pieces  of  gold.  They  range  from 
William  VI.,  count  of  Holland,  A.D.  1404—1417,  to  Francis  I. 
of  France. 

V.  C.  Piot.  —  Documents  pour  servir  a  VHistoire  Monetaire  des 
Pays-Bas;    par   Fr.    Verachter.       De   Bracy,   1841.       8vo. 
Pp.  83—92. 

M.  Piot  gives  a  concise  review  of  this  valuable  work,  which 
contains  the  /Supplement  aux  Monnaies  de  Cuuret  and  an  article 
on  the  coins  of  Maximilian  and  Philip,  struck  at  Malines  (Mech- 
lin) in  1485 — 1489.  On  the  first  portion  of  M.  Verachter's 
work,  M.  Piot  expresses  a  just  regret  that  he  has  not  given  any 
list  of  the  counts  of  Coure  (or  Cuure).  On  the  second,  he  speaks 
in  terms  of  praise  of  the  care  which  M.Verachter  has  taken  to 
obtain  solid  foundation  for  what  he  urges.  M.  Piot  concludes  by 
giving  a  list  of  the  accounts  of  the  moneyers  of  Malines,  from 
1382  to  1392;  with  five  pieces  justificatives  on  this  subject, 
drawn  from  the  archives  of  the  kingdom. 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  61 

VI.  C.  Plot. — Les  Monnaies  et  les  Medailles  des  Premiers  Siecles 
du  Christianisme,  Lettre  adressee  au  Cure  Stiels,  etc.      1841. 
p.  92—94. 

This  is  a  brief  reply  to  a  writer  who  seems  to  have  known  but 
little  about  numismatics.  M.  Piot  shows  that  the  medal  with  the 
head  of  our  Saviour  and  a  Hebrew  inscription  is  false  ;  and  that 
Christianity  had  no  effect  on  the  money  of  the  empire  till  the 
time  of  Constantine,  who  put  on  his  coins  the  Christian  mono- 
gram. 

VII.  J.  Lelewel. — Anciennes  Plaques  Decoratoires,  Sepulchrales, 

etc.     P.  94— 119. 

This  is  a  very  interesting  account  of  certain  plates  of  gold, 
winch  have  been  frequently  found  in  Scandinavia,  and  recently  at 
Thuilly,  near  Ossogne.  They  resemble  the  bracteates,  and  were 
formerly  considered  to  be  money  ;  but  they  have  no  system  of 
weight,  while,  at  the  same  time,  they  generally  have  a  ring 
attached  to  them,  which  shows  they  have  been  worn.  Generally, 
too,  they  have  no  inscription,  and  appear  to  be  strictly  indigenous ; 
others  have  some  characters,  and  are  obvious  copies  of  Byzantine 
types.  In  like  manner,  the  Runic  alphabet  has  a  clear  analogy 
with  the  Latin ;  but  there  are  many  new  forms  introduced. 
M.  Lelewel  states  that  gold  is  not  found  in  Scandinavia,  but  con- 
siders that  it  was  obtained  from  the  Romans  : — 1.  when  the 
northern  barbarians  began  to  press  upon  the  empire ;  2.  when  the 
barbarians  had  so  far  succeeded,  that  their  descendants  occupied 
the  curule  chair  at  Rome.  He  further  thinks,  that  the  plates 
found  at  Ossogne,  and  the  Scandinavian  relics,  date  about  A.D. 
330,  as  they  have  busts  on  them  of  Constantine  and  Constans. 
There  is  a  difference  between  them,  however;  for  the  Romans 
have  no  decorations  but  of  a  civil  or  political  character,  while  the 
Scandinavian  are  covered  with  religious  emblems,  etc.  M.  Lelewel 
then  gives  a  more  minute  account  of  a  plate  of  gold  found  at 
Thuilly,  to  the  reading  on  which  he  gives  a  clever  approximation, 
and  mentions  another,  discovered  near  Tongres,  of  which  he 
offers  a  conjectural,  but  not  probable,  explanation.  He  mentions 
also  one  in  bronze,  with  the  name  of  Egbert,  and  the  title  of 
Augustus  ;  and  gives  a  curious  account  of  the  assumption  of  the 
Roman  imperial  titles  about  the  time  of  Charlemagne.  He  con- 
cludes by  a  notice  of  the  use  of  rings  by  the  Scandinavians,  etc. 

VIII.  Meynaerts. — Huit  Demi-sous  et  Trots  Tiers  de  Sou  inedits. 

Pp.  119— 122. 

This  is  a  short  account  of  eight  coins  of  late  Roman  emperors, 
from  Honorius  to  Mauricius.  M.  Meynaerts  makes  some  useful 
remarks  on  the  change  of  weight  during  the  third  century. 


62  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

IX.  C.  Piot.  — -  Monnaies  battues    a   Fauquemont   par  Philip   le 

Hardi,  Comte  de  Flandres.  Pp.122— 132. 
It  had  been  long  a  question  to  which  Fauquemont  these  coins 
ought  to  be  given,  as  there  are  two  places  with  the  name  ;  the 
first  in  the  northern  part  of  the  ancient  duchy  of  Limbourg,  the 
second  in  Artois.  M.  Piot,  having  examined  the  orders  given  to 
the  moneyers  by  Philip,  decides  in  favour  of  the  first.  He  sub- 
joins several  pieces  justificatives  from  which  he  has  formed  this 
opinion. 

X.  C.  Piot.  —  Documents  pour  servir  a  I'Histoire  Monetaire  des 

Pays-Bas;  publics  par  Fr.  Verachter.  Pp.  133—146. 
M.  Piot  has  already  noticed  the  previous  publications  of  M. 
Verachter.  His  present  work  contains  two  articles ;  the  first,  on 
the  oboles  of  Count  Gerolphe ;  the  second,  on  the  money  of  Philip 
de  St.  Paul,  struck  at  Louvain,  A.D.  1429,  1430.  On  the  first,  M. 
Piot  considers,  that  M.  Verachter  has  failed  to  produce  historical 
testimony,  and  that  the  coins  he  attributes  to  the  ninth  really  belong 
to  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries ;  first,  because  the  Carlo- 
vingian  race  alone  struck  money  at  that  early  period ;  and, 
secondly,  from  a  comparison  with  those  of  Philip  d 'Alsace.  In 
the  second,  M.  Piot  considers  him  to  have  been  more  successful, 
in  bringing  together  a  considerable  mass  of  interesting  historical 
documents.  M.  Piot  concludes  by  adding  a  large  collection  of 
pieces  justificatives. 

XI.  C.  Piot. — Antiquites  de  Pologne,  Lithuanie,  et  Slavonic;  par 

J.  Lelewel.     No.  2.     Pp.  146,  147. 

This  is  a  short  notice,  by  M.  Piot,  of  an  interesting  work  by 
M.  Lelewel,  on  the  coins  of  Poland.  M.  Lelewel  has  divided 
his  history  into  three  portions: — 1,  the  sera  of  deniers,  from 
A.D.  1000  to  1333;  2,  that  of  the  gros,  from  1333  to  1620;  3, 
that  of  the  florin,  from  1620  to  1795.  It  is  remarkable  that 
hardly  any  religious  emblems  are  found  on  the  Polish  money. 

XII.  R.  Chalon. — Monnaies  de  I'Abbesse  de  Nivelles. 

Pp.  161—163. 

M.  Chalon  shews  that  the  abbey  of  Nivelles  struck  coins  by  a 
diploma  from  the  Emperor  Henry  III.  as  early  as  the  year  1040, 
and  that  it  retained  this  power  until  1209.  M.  Chalon  thinks  it 
probable  that  the  right  was  withdrawn  in  A.D.  1225,  as  no  coins 
have  been  found  of  a  later  period. 

XIII.   G.  Groddons.     Notice  sur  une  trouvaille  de  Monnaies  faite 
a  Bekkevoort,  pres  de  Diest  en  1842.     Pp.  164 — 172. 

This  is  a  catalogue  of  a  collection  of  coins,  found  in  an  earthen- 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  63 

ware  cruise,  in  an  old  building  belonging  to  the  cure  de  Bekke- 
voort.  It  consists  of  pieces  struck  between  A.D.  1261  and  1392, 
chiefly  of  princes  in  the  neighbourhood;  but  there  is  also  one  of 
Alexander  of  Holland  and  one  of  Robert  Bruce,  together  with 
several  of  Edward  III. 

XIV.  C.  Plot.  —  Discussions  entre  le  Due  de   Wenceslas  et  les 
Etats  de  Brabant  au  sujet  de  ses  monnaies.     Pp.  173 — 200. 

This  is  an  account  of  the  disputes  between  the  Duke  de  Wen- 
ceslas and  the  people  of  Brabant,  relative  to  the  right  of  striking 
money,  in  the  year  1.381.  Wenceslas  had  made  an  agreement 
with  the  people  that  his  coin  should  be  according  to  a  certain 
standard,  but  that  if  the  money  of  England,  France,  or  of  the 
count  of  Flanders,  became  adulterated,  Wenceslas  was  to  have 
the  power  of  giving  his  money  a  proportionate  alloy,  otherwise  he 
would  have  been  a  great  loser  in  the  exchange.  When,  however, 
the  foreign  coin  was  so  alloyed,  the  people  protested  against 
Wenceslas  for  diminishing  the  value  of  his  currency.  M.  Plot 
gives  the  charge,  and  his  reply  to  it,  and  subjoins  several  pieces 
justificatives. 

XV.  Meynaerts. —  Quatre  Pieces  d'Or  inedites  de  mon  cabinet. 

Pp.  201—203. 

This  is  a  short  notice  on  four  gold  coins  which  M.  Meynaerts 
attributes  to  the  ancient  Lydians,  and  considers  to  be  unedited. 

XVI.  Guioth. —  Trouvailles    Numismatiques    et   Archeoloaiques , 

faites  a  Arlon.     Pp.  204—213. 

Two  discoveries  have  been  made  at  Arlon ;  1,  in  the  land  of 
M.  de  Saulcy,  consisting  of  Roman  cinerary  vases  and  two  coins ; 
2,  in  the  ancient  convent  of  Carmelites,  at  Arlon,  among  the 
bones  in  the  burying  ground.  They  consist  of  coins  of  Lorraine, 
France,  Luxembourg;  of  these,  some  of  those  of  Lorraine  are 
very  curious  Among  the  foundations  was  also  found  a  fragment 
of  a  female  figure,  probably  of  Roman  workmanship.  M.  Guioth 
adds  two  pieces  justificatives. 

XVII.  J.  Lelewel.  —  Numismatique   de   la    Gaule  Narbonnaise ; 

par  M.  de  la  Saussaye.     Pp.  213—218. 

This  is  a  short  review  of  M.  de  la  Saussaye's  valuable  work  on 
the  monetary  system  of  Narbonnaise.  M.  Lelewel  speaks  through- 
out in  terms  of  the  highest  praise,  and  acquiesces  in  almost  all  of 
M.  de  la  Saussaye's  attributions. 

XVIII.   Leodinus. — Quelques  Mots  sur  le  Perron  de  Liege. 
Pp.219— 236. 

This    is  a   very  valuable    historical    essay    upon    the    symbol 


I 


64  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

(technically  called  perron)  which  occurs  universally  on  the  coins 
and  other  monuments  of  the  town  of  Liege.  The  author  con- 
siders two  questions:  — 1.  What  is  the  perron?  2.  At  what 
epoch  was  it  adopted  as  the  special  badge  of  the  Liegois  ?  On 
the  first,  he  determines,  beyond  all  doubt,  that  it  is  a  religious 
emblem,  bearing  a  great  resemblance  to  the  cross  on  the  coins  of 
Theodosius  II.  and  Valentinianus  III.,  and  probably  adopted  by 
the  early  Franks  and  Merovingians  from  those  sources.  The 
second  is  not  so  easy  to  determine.  Yet  it  appears  to  have  been 
set  up  in  the  court  of  the  cloisters  of  St.  Lambert  as  early  as  the 
middle  of  the  twelfth  century, — perhaps  earlier, — and  to  have 
been  adopted  as  the  symbol  of  the  liberties  of  the  town  in  1303, 
under  Thibaut  de  Bar. 

XIX.   C.—Medaille  inedite  du  Eegne  de  Napoleon.     P.  244. 

This  medal,  which  commemorates  the  existence  of  an  ephemeral 
society  of  Masons  at  La  Haye,  is  one  of  only  five  specimens  which 
were  then  struck.  From  its  extreme  rarity,  it  has  never  been 
noticed  by  any  of  those  who  have  written  on  the  medals  of  the 
Napoleon  series. 

XX.  C.  Plot.  —  Documents  sur  quelques  Monnaies  f rappees  par 

Antoine,  due  de  Brabant.     Pp.  247—260. 

This  paper  contains  a  short  account  of  some  money  struck  by 
Anthony,  duke  of  Brabant,  by  an  order  of  10th  July,  1405,  and 
the  statistics  of  the  weights  of  the  coins  then  in  circulation  ;  with 
two  pieces  justificatives,  from  which  this  statement  has  been 
drawn  up. 

XXI.  C.  Piot. — Classification  de   quelques  Monnaies  Visigothes. 

Pp.  261—279. 

M.  Piot,  in  a  paper  characterised  by  his  usual  learning  and 
ability,  enters  at  great  length  into  the  numismatic  history  of  the 
Visigoths.  He  shows  that  they,  in  almost  all  cases,  adopted  the 
types  of  Roman  emperors  of  their  day,  adding  to  these  many 
other  things  which  are  peculiar  to  the  northern  nations.  Thus, 
the  titles  and  inscriptions  are  Roman,  the  long  hair  on  the  heads 
of  the  figures  barbarian,  and  characteristic  of  the  free  people  of 
the  north.  M.  Piot  then  takes  a  survey  of  the  coins  themselves, 
and  gives  a  description  of  a  considerable  number,  beginning  with 
those  whose  legends  present  merely  a  confused  collection  of  letters, 
and  proceeding  regularly,  from  Leuvigilde,  in  A.D.  568 — 586,  to 
Roderick,  in  71 1 — 714.  M.  Piot  adds,  that  this  series  of  the 
Visigoth  kings  belongs  to  the  magnificent  collection  of  M.  Mey- 
nae'rts,  at  Louvain. 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  65 

XXII.  Meynaerts.  —Des  monnaies  chez  les  Egyptiens. 
Pp.  280—282. 

A  short  paper  by  M.  Meynaerts,  who  supposes  that  the 
Scarabcei  may  have  been  used  by  the  ancient  Egyptians  for 
money. 

XXIII.  A.  Perreau. — Recherches  sur  les  seigneurs  de  Herstal,  et 

sur  leur  monnaies.     Pp.  283 — 289. 

M.  Perreau  gives  an  historical  account  of  the  house  of  Herstal ; 
and  then  describes  nine  coins  which  alone  survive  of  the  monetary 
issue  of  this  family.  They  comprehend  the  period  between  A.D. 
1253  and  A.D.  1354.  In  an  appendix,  he  has  added  a  description 
of  one  more  coin,  from  the  cabinet  of  M.  Serrure,  which  has  great 
historical  interest,  in  that  it  was  struck  by  John  III.  as  duke  of 
Brabant,  subsequent  to  the  death  of  Beatrix,  in  1339,  when  the 
house  of  Herstal  ceased  to  be  a  distinct  family. 

XXIV.  De  C. ..... — Quelques  mots  sur  les  publications  faites  a 

^occasion  de  la  trouvaille  de  Louvain.     Pp.  290 — 296. 

This  is  a  paper  containing  critical  and  historical  remarks  on 
two  essays  which  have  been  published  on  the  discovery  of  some 
ancient  coins  at  Louvain :  one  by  M.  Meynaerts,  of  Louvain,  in 
the  Revue  Numismatique  de  Blois,  pp.  377  —  381  ;  the  second, 
with  fuller  details,  by  M.  Piot,  in  the  Messager  des  Sciences 
Historiques.  The  author  of  this  paper  states,  that  both  these 
essays  are  inaccurate ;  and  then  gives  a  brief  account  of  some 
pieces  from  the  same  hoard  which  have  come  into  his  hands. 

XXV.   C — Catalogue  des  monnaies  du  comle  de  Namur. 

Pp.  297—310. 

This  is  a  continuation  of  the  catalogue  of  Belgian  money  pro- 
posed in  the  first  number  of  the  Revue,  and  actually  begun  by  a 
description  of  the  coins  of  Hainault.  This  portion  comprehends 
those  of  Namur,  from  Albert  III.,  A.D.  1037,  to  Philip-le-Bel, 
A.D.  1506. 

XXVI.  P.  0.  Van  der  Chijs. — Quelques  mots  sur  T.  E.  Mionnet, 
a  M.  le  Redact eur  du  Messager  des  Sciences  et  des  Lettres. 
Pp.  311— 321. 

This  is  an  interesting  sketch  of  the  life  of  this  indefatigable 
numismatist,  with  a  full  and  minute  account  of  his  labours  for  the 
advancement  cf  the  study  of  coins,  and  a  particular  description  of 
the  works  which  he  has  published.  M.  Van  der  Chijs  mentions 
one  fact,  which  is,  perhaps,  not  generally  known,  that  M.  Mionnet, 
but  five  days  before  his  death,  put  the  finishing  hand  to  a  work 

VOL.    VIII.  K 


66  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

he  was  about  to  publish,  called  Complement,  ou  Volumes  addition- 
nels  a  la  Description  des  Medailles  antiques. 

XXVII.  Dr.  Rigollot. — Gros  Tournois  de  Jean,  roi  de  Boheme, 

comte  de  Luxembourg.     P.  329. 

A  short  account  of  a  gros  Tournois  of  John,  king  of  Bohemia, 
struck,  as  it  appears,  in  imitation  of  the  gros  of  Philippe  de 
Valois. 

XXVIII — Medaille  de  Ste.  Jeanne  de  Valois,  frappee 

auxfrais  de  M.  Pierquin  de  Gembloux.  Pp.  330—332. 
The  chief  interest  of  this  modern  medal  is,  that  the  portrait  on 
it  has  been  copied  from  a  cast  taken  from  the  face  of  St.  Jeanne 
de  Valois  shortly  after  death,  and  lately  discovered  by  M.  Pier- 
quin de  Gembloux.  Hitherto  no  portrait  of  her  whatever  has 
had  the  least  claim  to  authenticity.  It  is  singularly  unfortunate, 
that,  so  late  as  1842,  a  huge  statue  to  her  memory  should  have 
been  placed  in  one  of  the  niches  of  the  Madeleine,  with  the  in- 
scription "  Bourges,  1500,"  a  date  which  does  not  agree  with 
that  of  her  birth,  death,  or  canonization. 

XXIX.  Meynaerts. —  Quatre  pieces  en  or,    qui  ont   echappe   a 

Mionnet.     Pp.  333—334. 

This  is  a  description  of  four  gold  coins: — 1.  Vararanes  II., 
Vararanes  III.,  and  Narses.  2.  An  uncertain  Sassanian  king. 
3.  Constantine  the  Great.  4.  Constantirie  XL 

XXX —  Quel   sens  doit-on   attacker   au   mot  MONETA, 

dont  se  sert  Louis  IV.,  dans  un  diplome  par  lequel  il  ratifie  les 
droits  dEtienne,  eveque  de  Liege,  sur  la  mile  de  Maestricht. 
Pp.  349—354. 

Two  opinions  have  been  held  on  the  meaning  of  this  word  in 
the  old  charters  :—  1 ,  that  it  implies  the  right  of  striking  money ; 
^2,  that  it  is  a  simple  feudal  service.  The  object  of  the  present 
paper  is  to  prove  the  first  of  these  positions,  in  opposition  to 
M.  Villenfagne,  in  his  Recherches  sur  Vhistoire  de  la  ci-devant 
principaute  de  Liege.  The  author  of  it  shows,  from  numerous 
examples,  that  even  very  small  towns  had  this  right,  and  is  sup- 
ported in  his  view  by  De  Renesse,  Heylen,  and  Lelewel ;  and  then 
quotes  several  diplomas,  in  which  the  word  moneta  is  used  in  this 
sense,  and  in  no  other.  Of  these,  the  charter  to  the  abbey  of 
Pruim  (Hautheim,  Hist.  Dipl.  Trevirensis,  torn.  i.  p.  198)  is  as 
satisfactory  as  possible. 

XXXI.  Meynaerts. — Sept  demi-sous  en  or,  inedits.  Pp.  355,  356. 
This  is  a  catalogue  of  seven  semises  of  the  Byzantine  series, 
comprehending  the  period  from  A.D.  308  to  A.D.  565. 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  67 

XXXII.  De  la  Fontaine.  Pp.  357—362. 

This  is  a  short  account  of  four  curious  gold  coins,  which  appear 
to  have  been  issued  agreeably  to  a  treaty  between  Bohemond  de 
Sarrebrucken,  bishop  of  Treves,  and  Wenceslaus,  duke  of  Luxem- 
bourg. M.  de  la  Fontaine  considers  that  they  belong  to  the 
series  which  he  calls  monnaies  sociales.  He  adds  a  piece  justifi- 
cative from  Hautheim,  Hist.  Trevirensis,  torn.  ii.  p.  235.  M.  de 
Fontaine  concludes  by  mentioning  that  De  Saulcy  (in  the  Revue 
de  Blois,  1836,)  had  drawn  attention  to  some  pieces  struck  by 
John  of  Bohemia,  and  Henry  IV.,  count  of  Bar,  stating,  at  the 
same  time,  that  the  former  chose  for  his  places  of  mintage, 
Luxembourg  and  Danvilliers,  while  the  latter  chose  St.  Michel 
and  Stenay  for  a  similar  purpose.  As  late  as  the  year  1842, 
some  coins  were  discovered  at  Freudenberg,  one  of  which  had 
issued  from  the  mint  of  St.  Michel. 

XXXIII.  Meynaerts.— Monnaies  Visigothes.     P.  363. 

An  account  of  three  coins  of  Athanagildas,  Linoa,  and  Chin- 

dasvintus. 

XXXIV.  Meynaerts.  —  Piece  d'or  trouvee  dans  un    tombeau  a 

Athenes.     P.  364. 

This  gold  coin  is  said  to  have  been  found  in  the  mouth  of  a 
skeleton,  at  Athens.  M.  Meynaerts  supposes  that  it  was  intended 
as  a  tribute  to  Charon,  and  imagines  that  it  is  of  the  highest 
antiquity  and  belonged  to  the  series  commonly  called  Bracteates. 
If  the  plate  be  correct,  we  think  there  is  no  ground  for  either  of 
the  last  suppositions. 

XXXV.  A.  Perreau. — Recherches  sur  les  seigneurs  de  Born,  et 

sur  leurs  monnaies.     Pp.  365 — 368. 

M.  Perreau  gives  a  concise  history  of  the  family  of  Born,  from 
A.D.  1150  to  A.D.  1400,  and  states  that,  hitherto,  the  few  known 
pieces  struck  by  these  counts  have  been  comprehended  under 
those  of  the  dukes  of  Gueldres.  He  then  describes  two  coins 
from  his  own  cabinet,  and  one  which  he  had  just  received  from 
M.  Lelewel. 

XXXVI.  Meynaerts.  —  Poids  de  la  mile  de  Lampsacus. 

Pp.  369— 371. 

M.  Meynaerts  shows  that,  in  very  early  times,  weight  was  used 
instead  of  coined  money  to  designate  value,  and  that  afterwards 
the  Greek  drachma  served  as  a  unit  for  both.  He  then  shows 
that  the  drachma  had  a  different  weight  in  Athens,  Egina,  Egypt, 
and  Rhodes  ;  and  infers,  from  the  weight  of  the  specimen  in  ihis 
possession  (66  drs.  4064-),  that  it  must  have  been  a  mina  of  some 


68  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

town  in  which  the  Rhodian  standard  was  in  vogue.     Lastly,  from 
the  type,  he  concludes  that  this  town  was  Lampsacus  in  Mysia. 

XXXVII.   C.  Piot. — Profits  du  monnayage  donnes  a  ferme. 
Pp.  372— 378. 

A  short  historical  paper  to  prove  that  it  was  the  custom  of  the 
princes  who,  in  the  middle  ages,  ruled  in  Belgium,  to  farm  the 
profits  arising  from  the  striking  of  their  coins.  M.  Piot  suggests, 
that  some  words,  otherwise  unaccountable,  which  occur  on  the 
early  coins  of  Brabant,  may  be  the  names  of  these  moneyers. 
He  adds  two  pieces  justificative*. 

XXXVIII.  J.  Lelewel.  —  Monographic   numismatique    Berri- 
clionne  de  M.  Pierquin  de  Gembloux.     Pp.  379 — 387. 

This  is  a  review  of  a  work  by  M.  Pierquin  de  Gembloux, 
which,  if  the  reviewer  is  to  be  trusted,  is  full  of  the  most  extra- 
ordinary notions  of  philology,  applied  to  the  illustration  of  coins. 
M.  Gembloux  sets  at  nought  all  that  his  predecessors  in  these 
studies  have  accomplished,  and  proposes  the  most  extravagant 
interpretations  for  coins  of  places  where  their  legislation,  manners, 
customs,  and  dialects,  are  all  equally  unknown  to  us.  He  seems 
to  have  but  one  idea  before  him,  that  of  attributing  to  Berri 
every  possible  and  impossible  coin.  The  portion  of  his  work 
which  really  deserves  the  most  praise  is  his  essay  on  the  mereaux 
and  jetons :  he  distinguishes  rightly  between  the  gectoris  and 
the  jetons ;  but  M.  Lelewel  suggests,  that  a  still  better  classifi- 
cation would  be  that  of  jetons  de  compte  (calculi,  rechen-pfennig\ 
and  jetons  historiques. 

XXXIX.  C.  Piot. — Classification  de  quelques  Monnaies  Liegoises 

inedites.     Pp.  388—392. 

This  is  an  account  of  some  coins  discovered  at  Maestricht,  and 
which  fill  up  a  considerable  hiatus  in  the  able  work  on  the  numis- 
matics of  the  bishopric  of  Liege,  by  the  Comte  de  Renesse-Breid- 
bach.  M.  Piot's  essay  comprehends  specimens  of  the  period 
between  A.D.  1091  and  A.D.  1164. 

XL.  Annonce  d'un  ouvrage  sur  les  Medailles  de  I'ancienne  Afrique, 
par  MM.  Falbe  et  Lindberg ;  avec  un  apergu  des  decouvertes 
de  M.  Lindberg  dans  la  Numismatique  de  Carthage,  de  la  Nu- 
midie,etdelaMauritanie.  Kopenhague.  J.C.  Scharling.  1843. 


69 


ON  TWO  NEWLY  DISCOVERED  SILVER  TETRA- 
DRACHMS  OF  AMYNTAS,  KING  OF  GALATIA : 
WITH  SOME  REMARKS  ON  THE  DIMINUTION  IN 
WEIGHT  OF  THE  ATTIC  DRACHMA 

[WE  have  much  pleasure  in  laying  before  our  readers,  a  wood- 
engraving  of  a  new  and  most  interesting  coin  of  Amyntas,  king 
of  Galatia,  being  one  of  two1  lately  received  from  our  esteemed 
correspondent,  H.  P.  Borrell,  Esq.  of  Smyrna.  We  are  in- 
debted to  Mr.  Burgon  for  the  following  remarks  upon  them. — 
ED.] 

TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 

DEAR  SIR, 

IN  a  letter  just  received  from  Smyrna,  accompanying  the 
two  coins  to  which  it  relates,  my  friend  Mr.  Borrell 
informs  me,  that  he  had  lately  met  with  "two  silver  tetra- 
drachms  of  Amyntas,  king  of  Galatia,  in  the  finest  state  of 
preservation,  one  bearing  a  date,  IB  (year  12),  and  the 
other  without."  He  adds,  "  You  will  be  struck  with  the 
resemblance  of  these  coins  to  the  common  tetradrachms  of 
Side,  in  Pamphylia,  and  they  were  most  probably  struck  in 
that  city.  Dion  Cassius  says,  that  M.  Antony  gave  the 
kingdom  of  Galatia  to  Amyntas  for  his  services,  and  added 
thereto  Pisidia,  and  part  of  Pamphylia." 


1    We  have  been  informed  that  three  coins,   of  similar  size  and 
type,  have  been  received  at  Paris,  from  the  Levant. 

VOL.   VIII.  L 


70  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

The  passage  in  Dio,  to  which  Mr.  Borrell  alludes,2  seems 
very  satisfactorily  to  account  for  the  peculiar  circumstance, 
that  Arnyntas  should  have  struck  this  money  in  the  chief 
city  of  the  last-named  province.  Indeed,  the  coins  resemble 
the  latest  tetradrachms  of  Side  so  entirely,  1st,  in  type; 
2dly,  in  style  of  workmanship,  as  well  as  style  of  fabric  ; 
and,  3dly,  in  weight,3  as  to  leave  no  reasonable  doubt  of 
their  being  referable  to  the  mint  of  the  celebrated  city,4 
whose  Minerva5  and  Victory  are  impressed  upon  them. 

The  two  coins  being  of  the  same  type,  it  will  suffice  to 
describe  the  specimen  which  has  been  engraved.  (See 
the  vignette.)  Both  coins  are  as  they  came  from  the  die. 

1.   Obv. — Helmeted  head  of  Minerva  to  the  right,  and  a  monogram 

behind.6 

Rev.— BASIAEQS  AMYNTOY.  A  winged  Victory,  in  rapid 
motion,  to  the  left,  with  a  sceptre  and  diadem7  in  her 
extended  right  hand,  and  her  left  supporting  her 

2  Lib.  xlix.  c.  32. 

3  We  shall  recur  to  the  weight  of  these  coins  before  closing 
these  remarks. 

4  Under  the  dominion  of  Amyntas,  Side  must  still  have  ranked 
as  the  chief  city,  not  only  of  Pamphylia,  bat  of  all  the  south  coast 
of  Asia.     We  learri  from  its  coins,  that,  as  late  as  the  reign  of 
Gallienus,  its  importance  gave  rise  to  its  assumption  of  tbe  proud 
titles,    CIAHT41N    AAMI1POTATHC    ENAO&OY    NE41KOP41N 
(Vaillant,  Numismata   Grceca. —  Mionnet,   Supp.   vol.vii.  p.  79). 
The  ancient  splendour  of  Side  is  even  now  attested  by  its  ruins. 
The  capacious  harbours  of  the  city,  as  well  as  its  walls,   towers, 
gates,   temples,  agora,  theatre,  etc.  etc.,  still  remain.      See  Beau- 
fort's Karamania,  pp.146 — 162. 

5  Strabo  (lib.  xiv.  p.  667),  mentions  the  temple  of  Minerva  at 
Side. 

6  The  monogram  is  singular,  and  apparently  simple;  but  it  will 
admit  of  too  many  combinations  to  permit  a  probable  conjecture, 
except  that  it  contains  the  name  of  the  chief  moneyer,  or  mone- 
tarius  of  Amyntas,  at  Side. 

7  These  objects,  originally  indicative  of  divinity,  are  probably 
to  be  regarded,  in  the  time  of  Amyntas,  as  merely  symbolical  of 
his  regal  power. 


SILVER    TETRADRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  71 

drapery.  In  the  field,  to  the  left,  the  letters  IB 
(year  12).  Size,  8  (of  Mionnet).  Weight,  246-^ 
Troy  grains. 

2  Another  specimen,  but  without  monogram  or  date,  and 
in  the  same  perfect  state  of  preservation.  Size,  8. 
Weight,  244T%  Troy  grains. 

It  would  be  superfluous  to  remind  the  numismatic  reader, 
that,  with  the  exception  of  an  unique  coin,  to  which  we  will 
presently  advert,8  no  silver  coins  of  the  kings  of  Galatia 
have  been  hitherto  discovered.  Recurring  to  the  passage 
in  Dio,  just  cited,  it  appears  that  Amyntas  received  from 
Antony  the  sovereignty  of  Galatia,  including  part  of  Lyca- 
onia  and  Pamphylia,  in  the  consulship  of  Gellius  and 
Nerva,  u.c.  718=B.c.  '36.9  It  is  not  difficult  to  discover, 
on  referring  to  an  accurate  map,10  that  the  motive  of 
Antony,  in  annexing  part  of  Lycaonia  and  Pamphylia  to 
the  kingdom  of  Galatia,  was  to  connect  the  dominions  of 
his  ally,  Amyntas,  with  the  sea;  and  by  thus  giving  him 
the  authority  over  such  an  important  maritime  city  as 
Side,  to  secure  to  himself,  both  by  sea  and  by  land,  all  the 
assistance  which  Amyntas  could  render  in  the  great  struggle 
for  empire  then  going  on.11 

Of  the  history  of  Amyntas  but  little  is  known.  Previous 
to  his  elevation  to  the  sovereignty  of  Galatia,  he  had  been 
secretary  (Tpa^jjiareu^)  to  King  Deiotarus.12  Subsequently, 


8  See  note  22.  p.  74. 

9  Clinton,  Fasti  Hellenici,  vol.  iii.  p.  222,  B.C.  36,  and  p.437, 
note  f  ;  Dio,  xlix.  32. 

10  See  the  map  to  Colonel  Leake's  Journal  of  a  Tour  in  Asia 
Minor,  etc.,  8vo.  1824. 

11  It  was  precisely  in  the   same  year  (B.C.  36)  that  Antony, 
with   the  same   view   of  securing  to  himself  the  friendship  and 
alliance   of  the   adjoining  kingdom  of  Cappadocia,  deposed  and 
put    to    death    Ariarathes  VII.,    the    reigning   king,   and   set  up 
Archelaus  in  his  stead  (Dio,  xlix.  32;   Clinton,  vol.  iii.  p.437). 

12  Dio,  xlix.  32,      This  must  be  Deiotarus  I.,  who  was  extremely 


72  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

we  hear  of  him  as  commander  in  chief  (arpar^yoe)  of  the 
Galatian  troops,  sent  by  Deiotarus  as  auxiliaries  to  Brutus, 
whose  cause,  however,  Amyntas  abandoned  just  before  the 
battle  of  Philippi,  A.V.C.  7 1 2= B.C.  42, 13  and  went  over  to 
Antony  and  Octavianus,  with  others,  Romans  as  well  as 
auxiliaries;14  thereby  contributing,  in  no  small  degree,  to 
the  success  of  the  Triumvirs  against  Brutus  and  Cassius 
on  that  memorable  occasion.  This  event  probably  led  to 
his  attainment  afterwards  (B.C.  36),  of  th3  regal  dignity 
from  Antony,  already  spoken  of. 

During  the  feuds  which  arose  between  Antony  and  Octa- 
vianus in  the  year  B.C.  32,  and  which  led  to  the  preparations 
for  war  between  the  now  hostile  Triumvirs,  we  find  Amyntas 
aiding  Antony,  by  furnishing  troops,  but  not  leading  them 
in  person.15  In  the  following  year,  however,  Amyntas  had 
joined  Antony's  army;  for  we  learn  from  Plutarch16  that 
several  persons  of  distinction,  while  encamped  at  Actium, 
amongst  whom  were  the  kings  Amyntas  and  Deiotarus,17 
went  over  from  Antony  to  Octavianus,  B.C.  31,  just  previous 
to  the  celebrated  naval  battle  which  was  to  decide  the  fate 


aged  (iirepyrjpug)  in  A.  v.  c.  712=  B.  c.  42  (Dio,  xlvii.  24),  and 
who  had  been  rallied  by  Crassus  twelve  years  before  (B.C. 54), 
on  his  beginning1  to  build  a  city  in  his  old  age. — Cf.  Plutarch,  in 
Crasso,  c.  17  ;  Clinton,  Fast.  Hellen.  vol.  iii.  p.  190.  It  appears 
that  he  died  in  the  year  B.C.  40. — Cf.  Dio,  xlviii.  33.  A.  v.  c.  714; 
Clinton,  vol.  iii.  p.  216. 

13  Dio,  xlvii.  c.48  ;  Clinton,  Fasti  Hellen.  vol.  iii.  p.214. 

14  Plutarch,  in  Bruto,  c. xlix.  ;  Dio,  lib.  xlvii.  c.48. 

15  Plutarch,  in  Anton,  c.61. 

1(5  Plutarch,  in  Anton,  c.63  ;  Veil.  Patercul.  lib.  ii.  c.84  ;  Dio, 
lib.l  c.l  3. 

17  At  this  period  (B.C.  31),  Deiotarus  I.  had  been  dead  nine 
years.  This  is  therefore  Deiotarus  II.  (the  son  of  the  old  king 
Deiotarus),  who  was  reigning,  jointly  with  his  father,  previous  to 
B.  c.  45. — Cf.  Cicero,  Phil.  xi.  12,  13.  "  Regem  Deiotarum  patrem, 
et  recjem  Deiotarum  filium ;"  and  Clinton,  Fast.  Hell.  vol.  iii.  p.  207. 


SILVER    TETRADRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  73 

of  the  civilised  world.  On  this  occasion,  as  at  the  battle  of 
Philippi,  it  seems  that  the  defection  of  the  seceders  turned 
the  fortune  of  the  day. 

In  partial  extenuation  of  this  treacherous  and  ungrateful 
conduct  on  the  part  of  Amyntas,  who  owed  his  kingdom  to 
Antony,  it  may  be  urged,  that  the  unbounded  and  unto- 
ward influence  of  Cleopatra  over  that  great  commander, 
not  only  tended,  in  the  minds  of  many  of  his  adherents,  to 
disqualify  him  for  the  government  of  the  Roman  people, 
but  had  disgusted  several  of  his  most  faithful  personal 
friends.  At  the  same  time,  his  ill  success  in  the  skirmishes 
which  were  daily  taking  place  between  the  rival  forces 
before  Actium,  as  well  by  land  as  by  sea,  dispirited  and 
intimidated  his  allies,  and  weakened  their  confidence  in  the 
issue  of  the  approaching  important  struggle.  Thus  it  was 
that,  at  last,  fidelity  to  Antony  appeared  to  them  a  vain  and 
dangerous  endeavour  to  support  a  hopeless  cause. 

The  result  of  the  battle  justified  the  foresight  of  Amyn- 
tas ;  and  the  death  of  Antony  in  the  following  year  (B.  c.  30), 
left  Octavianus  sole  master  of  the  Roman  empire. 

As  it  is  chiefly  in  connexion  with  the  civil  dissensions  of 
Rome  that  mention  is  made  of  Amyntas,  we  find  no  more 
said  of  him  during  the  comparative  calm  which  followed 
Antony's  death,'  till  B.C.  25, 18  in  which  year  he  lost  his  life. 
It  is  to  Strabo  that  we  are  indebted  for  the  most  detailed 
account  of  this  event.19  It  appears,  that,  wishing  to  punish 
and  repress  the  lawless  incursions  of  the  brigand  Pisidians 
and  Cilicians,  who  inhabited  some  of  the  most  elevated  and 

18  Dio,  liii  26,  A.  v.c.  729=zB.c.  25;  Clinton,  Fast.  Hell  vol.  iii. 
p.  553,  note  q 

9  Lib.  xii.  cap.  5,  §4,5.  p.569.  Strabo  was  himself  about 
this  time  in  Egypt,  and  about  thirty  years  old  (Clinton,  Fast, 
llp.ll.  vol.  iii.  p. 237). 


74  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

inaccessible  parts  of  the  mountain  chain  of  Taurus,  from 
whence  they  were  in  the  habit  of  descending  and  ravaging 
the  plain  country,  Amyntas  headed  an  expedition  against 
them  in  person  with  considerable  success.  Having  taken 
Cremna,  in  Pisidia,  and  entered  the  territory  of  the  Homo- 
nadenses,20  the  greater  part  of  whose  fortresses  he  had 
taken,  and  whose  leader  (rvpavvo?)  he  had  conquered  arid 
put  to  death,  he  fell  into  an  ambuscade  of  Cilicians,  which 
had  been  contrived  by  a  stratagem  of  the  widow  of  the  late 
Homonadensian  leader,  and  was  himself  taken  and  slain. 

With  Amyntas,  the  independence  of  the  kingdom  of 
Galatia  came  to  an  end.  Dio  expressly  states,21  that  "  at 
the  death  of  Amyntas,  Augustus  did  not  give  the  govern- 
ment to  his  sons,  but  brought  Galatia  and  Lycaonia  into 
the  rank  of  a  subject  province,  with  a  Roman  governor; 
and  the  parts  of  Pamphylia  which  had  been  formerly 
assigned  to  Amyntas,  were  restored  to  their  own  govern- 
ment." 

This  hasty  and  imperfect  sketch  of  the  principal  events 
in  the  life  of  Amyntas,  leads  to  a  consideration  of  the  date 
on  the  first  described  of  the  two  coins  before  us. 

Although,  with  one  exception,22  no  coin  of  a  king  of 

* ; 

20  Situated  in  Cilicia,  according  to  Strabo,  Jbut  according  to 
Pliny,  in  Isauria.  2l  Dio,  liii.  26. 

22  The  only  other  coin  hitherto  known  ascribed  to  a  king  of 
Galatia  with  a  date  (and  which  is  also  of  silver),  is  the  unique 
coin  of  Brogitarus,  described  by  Mionnet,  vol.  iv.  p. 405,  No.  12, 
and  engraved  in  vol.  vii.  Supp.  pi.  xiii.  fig.  3.  He  should,  how- 
ever, rather  be  called  high-priest  of  Pessinus,  with  the  title  of 
king.  Brogitarus  acquired  this  pontifical  dignity,  as  well  as  the 
royal  title,  by  purchase,  of  P.  Clodius,  when  Plebeian  Tribune, 
B  c.  58. — (Cf.  Clinton,  Fasti,  vol.  iii.  p.  185,  col.  4,  and  Cicero, 
Oral,  de  Haruspic.  Respons.)  This  highly  curious  coin,  as  it  bears 
the  date  of  the  sixth  year  of  his  reign,  was  therefore  struck  in 
the  current  year,  B.C.  53.  Its  weight  is  186'8  Troy  grains,  and 
as  it  appears  from  the  plate  to  be  in  perfect  preservation,  we  may 


SILVER    TETRADRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  75 

Galatia  bearing  a  date  has  been  discovered  till  now,  numis- 
matic analogy  seems  fully  to  warrant  the  opinion,  that  the 
letters  IB  are  numerals,  indicating  the  twelfth  current  year 
of  the  reign  of  Amyntas.  The  coin  of  Brogitarus,  just 
cited  in  the  preceding  note,  has  the  numeral  C  in  the  exer- 
gue^ indicating,  in  like  manner,  the  sixth  current  year  of 
his  reign;  and  the  coins  of  the  kings  of  Cappadocia  (an 
adjoining  kingdom)  almost  all  bear  the  date  of  the  reign 
of  each  monarch,  down  to  Archelaus,  the  last  king,  who  was 
contemporary  with  Amyntas. 

We  have  already  seen,  that  the  reign  of  Amyntas  began 
during  the  current  year,  B.C.  36;  and  we  have  just  remarked, 
that  his  death  occurred  during  the  current  year,  B.C.  25. 
This  coin  was  therefore  struck  in  the  year  in  which  he  was 
killed,  that  is  in  the  twelfth  current  year  of  his  reign.  He 
therefore  probably  reigned  about  eleven  years,  namely  ten 
complete  years,  and  the  portions  of  the  two  current  years 
during  which  his  reign  began  arid  terminated  ;  which  por- 


conclude  that  it  is  a  tri-drachm  on  the  Attic  standard  of  that  period, 
giving  approximately  a  drachma  of  62'3  Troy  grains,  and  being  of 
about  equal  weight  to  the  cistophori  of  the  adjoining  provinces,  then 
in  full  circulation.  The  name  of  the  Proconsul,  c.  PVLCHER, 
the  brother  of  P.  Clodius,  the  friend  and  patron  of  Brogitarus, 
occurs  on  the  cistophori  of  Tralles  and  Pergamus  ;  and  the  name 
of  another  member  of  the  same  family,  also  a  Proconsul,  occurs 
en  the  cistophori  of  Apamea  and  Laodicea,  in  Phrygia  (Eckhel, 
Doct.  Num.  Vet.  vol.  iv.  p.  360). 

23  Mionnet  (loc.  cit.)  has  omitted  to  notice  the  numeral  C  on 
this  remarkable  coin  of  Brogilarus  ;  and  on  referring  to  the  ori- 
ginal publication  of  it  in  the  Magazin  Encyclopedique,  8vo.  Paris, 
An.  Rev.  7~  1799,  torn.  v.  p.  461>,  I  find  that  it  was  mistaken  for 
a  II,  and  looked  upon  as  the  initial  letter  of  Pessinus,  where 
Brogitarus  probably  resided  as  high-priest.  In  putting  the  year 
of  his  reign  on  his  coins,  as  well  as  the  title  Philoromceus 
(BA2IAEOS  BPOriTAI'OT  SIAOPflMAIOY),  he  adopted  the 
usage  of  the  kings  of  Cappadocia,  when  in  friendly  relation  with 
Rome. 


7*>  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

tions  may  or  may  not  have  made,  together,  one  year  or 
more.24 

According  to  our  promise  at  the  commencement  of  these 
remarks,25  we  have  now  to  discuss,  in  the  last  place  the 
weight  of  these  two  important  coins  of  Amyntas.  This,  if 
taken  in  connection  with  the  weight  of  the  latest  tetra- 
drachms  of  Side,  seems  likely  to  throw  an  unexpected  light 
upon  a  question,  which,  though  agitated  soon  after  the 
revival  of  learning,  has  never  yet  been  quite  satisfactorily 
disposed  of. 

The  question,  or  difficulty,  alluded  to,  arose  during  the 
early  attempts  to  discover  the  exact  weight  of  the  Attic 
Drachma,  and  of  the  Roman  Denarius;  and  mainly  consisted 
in  the  apparent  impossibility  of  reconciling  the  testimony  of 
the  classic  authors,  with  the  evidence  afforded  by  the 
weights  of  the  coins  themselves.  A  few  words  of  digres- 
sion, before  we  recur  to  the  coins  of  Amyntas,  may  make 
this  matter  more  clear. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  Greek  and  Roman  writers, 
respectively,  not  only  identify  the  Attic  Drachma  with 
the  Roman  Denarius,  and  vice  versa  ;26  but  that  they  all 

24  We  find  this  to  have  been  the  usual  system  of  dating  adopted 
by  the  ancients,  wherever  it  was  customary  to  put  the  date  of  the 
reign  on   the  money.     Thus  the  coins  of  ^Emilianus,  struck  in 
Egypt,  bear  L.A.  (year  1),  and  L.B.  (year  2),  although  he  only 
reigned  three  months  ;  because  the  termination  of  the  first  current 
year,  and  the  commencement  of  the  second,  happened  to  occur 
during  the  three  months  that  he  reigned. 

25  In  the  Note  3,  page  70. 

26  As   in    the    following    passages.     Cicero,    in    an    epistle  to 
Atticus  (lib.xvi.  8.)  says,  •«  Veteranos  quiqui  Casilini,  et  Galatiae 
sunt  perduxit  ad  suam  sententiam;necmirum  :  quingenos  Denarios 
dat." — Dio  (lib.  xlv.  c.  12.),  stating  the  same  fact,  says,  "  Ktu 
'iouKEv   evQvg   TOTE   KdTO.  TrevTciKOffiag  ^pa^juac."  —  Again,    Strabo, 
(lib.  v.  p.  249)  records  an  event    which   occurred  at  Casilinum 

as   IO11OWS,       '  V7TO   \IUOV    ClttKOfftWl'    dpCtVUWV    TrpCt0£VTOQ 


SILVER    TETRADKACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  77 

uniformly  speak  of  both  coins  as  of  equal  weight  or  value. 
A  few  of  the  most  positive  among  many  passages  which 
might  be  adduced,  will  suffice  to  shew  this  :  — 

Livy,2?  when  speaking  of  the  triumph  of  T.  Quinctius 
Flamininus,  says,  "  Signati  argenti  octoginta  quatuor 
millia  fuere  atticorum,  tetradrachmum  vocant  :  III  \Jeye 
II  II]28  fere  denariorum  in  singulis  argenti  est  pondus." 
A  passage  in  Scribonius  Largus29  is  to  the  same  effect. 
"  Erit  autem  nota  denarii  unius  pro  Graeca  drachma  ; 
seque  enim  in  libra  denarii  octoginta  quatuor  apud  nos, 
quot  drachmae  apud  Graecos  incurrunt."  —  Again,  Pliny30 
informs  us  that,  "  Drachma  Attica  denarii  argentei  habet 
pondus."  —  In  A.  Gellius31  is  the  following  passage,  to  the 
same  effect.  "  Lais  fjuvpias  Spa^a^  17  rdXavrov  poposcit, 
hoc  facit  nummi  nostratis  denarium  decem  millia."  —  A 
fragment  of  Cleopatra32  also  states  that,  "To 
d." 


ffwOr)  fie  o  7rpia/j,evoQ."  —  Pliny  (Hist.  Nat. 
lib.  viii.  c.  57,)  narrating  the  same  story,  says,  "  venisse 
murem  ducentis  nummis  [denariis]  Casilinum  obsidente  Annibale, 
eumque  qui  vendiderat  fame  interisse,  emptorem  vixisse  annales 
tradunt."  —  Similar  passages  have  been  very  fully,  and  very  ably 
discussed  by  M.  Letronne,  who,  although  he  proves  that  they 
are  to  be  regarded  as  mere  translations,  fully  admits  the  force  of 
the  positive  assertions  as  to  value,  or  weight,  which  are  to  be  found 
in  other  passages.  See  page  98  of  his  Considerations  Generates 
sur  devaluation  des  Monnaies  Grecques  ei  Romaines.  Paris, 
1817.  4to. 

27  Lib.  xxxiv.  51. 

*  This  correction  of  a  very  early  error  of  the  copyists,  has 
boon  readily  adopted  by  all  numismatists.  It  was  first  proposed 
by  Greaves,  at  page  83,  of  a  work  to  be  mentioned  presently. 
(See  Note  m,  page  78.) 

29  Ad.    C.  Jul.   Callist.   Epist.   prefixed  to  his   Compositiones 
Medicce. 

30  Hist.  Nat.  lib.  xxi.  cap.  34. 

31  Noct.Att.  lib.  i.  cap.  8. 

a  Apud  Galen.     Opera  Omnia,  LipsiaB,  1830,  vol.  xix.  p.  788. 

VOL.  VIII.  M 


78  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

The  unequivocal  and  concurrent  testimony  of  these,  and 
similar  passages,  as  might  naturally  be  expected,  induced 
the  earliest  writers  on  the  weights  and  measures  of  the 
Ancients,  to  assign  too  low  a  value  to  the  Attic  Drachma. 
Indeed,  with  such  apparently  irrefragable  proof,  its  equality 
to  the  Consular  Denarius  was  never  doubted,  until  the 
publication  of  the  "  Discourse  of  the  Romane  Foot  and 
Denarius"  1647,  by  John  Greaves,  Professor  of  Astronomy, 
at  Oxford,33  made  it  known  to  the  learned  of  Europe,  that 
the  Attic  Drachma  was,  in  fact,  much  heavier  than  the 
Consular  Denarius,34  the  former  weighing  67  Troy  grains, 
and  the  latter  62. 


33  In  a  letter,   prefatory  to  his  curious  little  book,  addressed 
"  To  his  truly  noble  and  learned  friend,  John  Selden,  Esquire, 
Burgesse  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  in  the  honourable  House 
of  Commons;"  he  says,  "  seeing ....  it  was  therefore  necessary, 
that  both  the  weight  and    valuation    of  the  Denarius  should  be 
exactly    known, ....  in    Italy,  I    examined   with    a  balance  (the 
scale  of    which   the  eightieth  part  of    a    grain    would   sensibly 
turn)  many  hundred  fair  Denarii,  both   Consulares  and   Ccesarei. 
....  With  these  Denarii,  for  the  greater  certainty,  I  compared 
such  Grecian  coins    (especially  Athenian)    as    I   had  either  seen 
in    choice  cabinets,  or  bought  of  mine   own. . . .  By  which  com- 
parison I  first  discovered,   that  howsoever  the  Romanes. .  .  .equal 
the  Denarius  to  the  Drachma, . . . . and  though  the  Greeks.... 
equal    the    Drachma    to    the   Denarius, . .  . .  we    may  evidently 
discern  in  the  scale,  the  Drachma  Attica  to  be  heavier  than  the 
Denarius;. . .  .consequently    all  modern  writers,   following  their 
traditions  in  discourses  de  ponderibus,  and  de  re  nummarid,  have 
erred."     In  conclusion,  he  informs  us  in  his  quaint  style  that  he 
owed    his    discoveries    to   his     "travels    in    Italy,    Greece,   and 
JEgypt ;"  and  that    "  after    the  manner  of  travellers,"  he  had 
published  at  home  the  observations  which  he  had  made  abroad. 

34  In  Hussey's  "Essay  on  Ancient    Weights  and  Money,  etc.," 
8vo.  Oxford,  1836,  at  pp.  19  and  135,  are  lists  of  those  writers, 
who,  since  the  revival  of  learning,  have  treated  of  the  weight  of 
the  Attic  Drachma,  and  Roman  Denarius;  and  the  following  are 
the  results  which  the  most  accurate  of  these  have  brought  out : — 


SILVER    TETRADRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  79 

The  discovery  that  the  testimony  of  the  coins  themselves 
was  so  much  at  variance  with  the  uniform  evidence  of  the 
writings  of  the  ancients,  gave  rise  to  a  difficulty,  which  the 
arguments  of  the  early  writers,  including  those  used  by 
Greaves  himself,35  were  unable  to  reconcile  and  explain. 
In  claiming,  therefore,  for  our  learned  countryman  the 
honour  of  being  the  first  to  discover  the  weight  of  the  Attic 
Drachma,  we  must  at  the  same  time  admit,  that  in  his  day, 
numismatic  study  was  too  much  in  its  infancy  to  enable 
him  to  approach  the  real  point  of  the  difficult  question  to 
which  his  discovery  had  given  rise. 

Greaves  seems  not  to  have  adverted  to  the  fact,  that  he 

The  Weights  are  in  Troy  grains  and  decimal  parts. 

Weight  of  Weight  of  the 
the  Attic  Roman  Consu- 
Dtachma.  lar  Denarius. 

Bude,  De  Asse,  1516      ....     59-04  59'04 

Greaves,  Professor  of  Astronomy,  at  Ox- 
ford, Discourse  of  the  Romane  Foot  and 

Denarius,  8vo.  London,  1647         .         .     67 '0 62-0 

Eisenschmidt,  De  Pond,  et  Mens.  1708. 

The  Drachma  of  Solon        .     68'2    60-9 

of  later  times     65-53 

of  Philip       .     65-6 

Raper,  Philosoph.  Transac.for   1771,  vol. 

Ixi.  page  462        .         .    '     .         .         .     66'5     60-0 

Barthelemy,  Anacharsis,  1778,  vol.  iv. 
p.  Ixii. — The  Drachma  up  to  the  period 

of  Pericles          .          .          .     67-24 
That  of  later  times          .          .     64-78 
Letronnc,     Considerations    Generates    sur 
V evaluation  des  Monnaies    Grecques  et 
Romaines.     4to,     Paris,  1817. 

The  Drachma  of  true  standard  weight     67-37   59-939 

To  the  preceding,,  may  be  added  the  result 
obtained  by  Hussey  himself,  (1836),  in 
the  work  above  cited, 

At  page  18 — the  Drachma  of   Solon     66-5     60-0     , 

At  page  21 — that  of  later  times          .      63-5 
35  Loc.  cit.  pp.  54,  55.  78—81,  129. 


80  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

was  comparing  the  weight  of  a  Drachma  of  the  time  of 
Solon  or  Pericles,  with  that  of  a  Denarius  of  about 
the  age  of  Cicero,  or  Livy.  It  appears  never  to  have 
occurred  to  him,  and  others  of  his  time,  that  in  the  course  of 
many  ages,  and  during  so  many  political  troubles  and  changes 
at  Athens,  the  weiyht  of  the  Drachma  might  have  been  dimi- 
nished. This  will  be  found  to  be  the  clue  to  the  diffi- 
culty.— But,  although  a  diminution  in  the  weight  of  the 
Attic  Drachma  has  been  noticed,  especially  of  late  years,36 
little  or  nothing  has  been  hitherto  made  known,  in  the 
way  of  proof,  deduced  from  a  reference  to  the  weights  of 
individual  coins,  that  the  Attic  Drachma,  after  having  been 
slightly  diminished  in  weight  shortly  after  the  death  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  was  afterwards  subjected  to  still 
further  occasional  diminutions ;  till  at  length,  between  the 
middle  and  the  end  of  the  century  which  preceded  the 
commencement  of  our  sera,  the  Attic  Drachma,  and 
Roman  Consular  Denarius,  were  equal,  or  so  nearly  equal, 
as  fully  to  warrant  the  classic  writers  just  now  cited.  In 
other  words,  approximate  proof  has  been  wanting,  up  to  the 
present  time,  to  shew  that  the  old  Attic  Drachma  of 


36  By  a  reference  to  the  note  34,  page  79,  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  earliest  hint  of  a  diminution  in  the  Attic  Drachma,  is  due  to 
Eisenschmidt.  Subsequently,  Barthelemy  (Anacharsis,  Table 
xiv.,  Evaluation  des  Monnaies  d'Athenes),  gave  a  more  distinct 
notice  of  the  reduced  weight  of  the  large  spread  tetradrachms  of 
later  times.  The  learned  Abbe,  however,  in  consequence  of  the 
difficulty  which  he  experienced  in  an  attempt  to  ascertain  the 
respective  ages  of  these  coins,  fixed  the  amount  of  diminution  in 
the  weight  of  them  at  2'46  Troy  grains,  by  a  mean  weight,  taken 
on  a  pretty  large  scale.  Still  later,  Letronne  (Loc.  cit.  page  99) 
further  reduces  the  weight  of  the  Attic  tetradrachm  to  between 
304  and  308  French  grains,  but  of  which  result,  it  is  to  be  regret- 
ted, he  has  given  no  details. 


SILVER    TETRADIIACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  81 

to  67  grains,  had  been  gradually  diminished,  till  in  the 
time  of  Livy,37  it  only  weighed  about  61  grains. 

To  demonstrate  this  fully  and  absolutely,  would  require, 
we  are  but  too  well  aware,  many  more  than  two  coins  of 
Amyntas;  but,  if  we  are  enabled  by  means  of  such  scanty 
data  as  are  within  our  reach,  to  give  such  a  view  of  a 
difficult  truth  as  may  carry  conviction, — the  time  occupied 
in  perusing  these  lines  will  not  be  entirely  thrown  away. 

In  calling  the  question  before  us  a  difficult  truth,  it  would 
be  superfluous  to  remind  the  numismatic  reader,  that  the 
sole  cause  of  difficulty  is  the  same  now  as  it  was  in  the 
days  of  Greaves,  though  in  a  less  degree  ;  namely?  our 
ignorance  of  the  precise  ages  of  civic  coins.  Those  of  Athens 
in  particular,  for  many  obvious  reasons,  present  extreme 
difficulty  to  an  exact  discovery  of  their  respective  ages. 
If  the  coins  of  Athens  had  borne  dates,  Professor  Greaves 
would  not  have  compared  so  ancient  a  Drachma,  but 
would  certainly  have  chosen  one  of  the  age  of  Cicero 
or  Livy,  to  weigh  against  a  Consular  Denarius ;  and  thus, 
he  and  the  early  writers,  so  far  from  finding  a  stumbling- 
block  in  the  passages  which  we  have  quoted,  would  have 
found  that  the  books  and  the  coins  mutually  confirmed  each 
other. 

Ending  here,  this  somewhat  long  digression,  it  will  be 
perceived  that  its  object  has  been,  first,  to  set  the 
question  before  us  in  a  clear  point  of  view,  by  means  of  a 
rapid  sketch  of  its  early  history ;  and  secondly,  to  shew  the 
nature  of  the  proof,  or  illustration,  required  to  clear  it  up. 
We  now,  therefore,  recur  to  the  remark  already  made,38 


37  Livy    is    the    earliest    writer  who   distinctly    mentions    the 
equality  of  the  Denarius  to  the  Attic  Drachma. 

38  Supra,  page  70. 


82  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

that  the  Tetradrachms  of  Amyntas  are  so  identical  with 
the  latest  Tetradrachms  of  the  City  of  Side,  1st  in  type : 
2ndly  in  style  of  workmanship,  as  well  as  style  of  mint- 
age; and  3rdly  in  weight;  as  to  leave  no  reasonable 
doubt,  even  to  the  inexperienced  eye,  that  they  were  not 
only  struck  in  the  same  town,  but  at  about  the  same  period 
of  time.39  These  points  of  identity,  and  especially  this 
equality  in  weight,  are  important;  inasmuch  as  Side  was 
a  city,  which  adjusted  its  money  to  the  Attic  standard;  the 
coins  of  Side,  therefore,  provided  we  are  in  possession  of  a 
series  of  them,  and  can  discover  their  respective  ages,  will 
illustrate  our  question,  as  well  as  the  coins  of  Athens 
itself 

For  this  object,  nothing  could  have  been  more  fortu- 
nate and  satisfactory  than  the  discovery  of  the  coins  of 
Amyntas :  which  not  only  fix  the  age  of  the  latest  coins 
of  a  city  which  used  the  Attic  standard,  but  shew  them  to 
be  referable  to  so  low  a  period  as  about  B.C.  25.40  It  was 
also  important  for  the  solution  of  our  question,  that  these 
coins  should  be  in  perfect  condition,  and  in  sufficient  quantity ; 
and  although,  on  the  latter  point,  we  have  still  to  wish  for 
the  further  confirmation,  which  a  few  more  coins  of  each 
kind  would  furnish,  it  is  fortunate  that,  as  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  coins,  nothing  more  perfect  could  be  desired. 


39  This  opinion   is  confirmed  by  information  subsequently  re- 
ceived, that  these  Tetradrachms  of  Amyntas,  were  actually  found 
mixed   with   Tetradrachms    of  Side     of  the    latest    kind.      See 
Appendix,  page  93,  Coins  No.  23  and  24. 

40  The  date  on  the  coin  being  of  the  year  in  which  Amyntas 
was  killed  (Supra,  page  73),  and  corresponding  exactly  with  the 
period  in  which  Livy  wrote  his  history,  namely  B.C.  29 — 9,  (Cf. 
Clinton,  vol.  iii.  pp.  229  and  251),  he  being  the  earliest  writer 
who  mentions  the  equality  of  the  Attic  Drachma    and    Roman 
Denarius,  as  we  have  just  remarked. 


SILVER    TETRADKACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  83 

The  fine  condition,  therefore,  compensates  in  some  degree 
for  the  small  quantity. 

The  great  use  of  regal  coins,  in  aiding  the  judgment  as 
to  the  age  of  coins  of  cities,  is  well  known  and  generally 
admitted ;  but  it  is  an  event  of  most  rare  occurrence,  to  be 
enabled  to  ascertain  the  age  of  a  civic  coin  by  means  of  a 
regal  one,  so  accurately  as  on  the  present  occasion. 

As  it  is  now  needful  to  compare  with  each  other,  the 
weights  of  a  series  of  coins  of  Side,  of  different  ages, 
we  have  subjoined  a  short  appendix,  to  which  reference 
can  be  made  for  details,  as  it  is  here  only  required  to  state 
results. 

To  shew  first  that  the  coins  of  Side  are  adjusted  to 
the  Attic  standard,  we  merely  refer  to  their  weight ;  and 
to  prevent  doubt,  or  mistake,  a  selection  has  been  made 
so  as  to  include  the  weights  of  the  published  coins  of 
Side,  of  different  cabinets,41  of  which  the  following  is  the 
result : — 

Troy  Grains  and 
Decimal  Parts. 

The  three  heaviest  Tetradrachms  of  Side,  in  the 
British  Museum,  give  a  mean,  or  average  drachma42 
of 65-2 

The  three  heaviest  in  the  Royal  Cabinet  of  France, 

give 65-3 

The  same  from  the  Hunter  Collection,  give       .          .     65'2 

Two  specimens  from  the  late  Mr.  Thomas's  Collec- 
tion, give  ........  65-0 

The  almost  exact  (and  yet  perfectly  uncontrived)  coinci- 

41  See  Appendix,  page  91,  Coins  of  Side,  Nos.  1  to  11. 

42  The  truth  of  the  system,  of  judiciously  adopting  the  mean 
weight  of  a  given  number  of  ancient  coins,  in  perfect  preservation, 
has  been  fully  established  by   the  experience   of  all   those    who 
have   occupied  themselves  extensively  in    experiments  upon  the 
weights   of  coins.     The  names  of  Raper,  Barthelemy,  Letronne, 
Hussey,    and     many    others,    may    be    cited     in    proof   of    this 
assertion. 


84  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

dence  in  the  mean  weight  of  the  Drachma  of  Side, 
deduced  from  so  few  coins,  is  remarkable.  It  proves,  that 
at  the  period  when  they  were  struck,  a  small  diminu- 
tion had  taken  place  in  the  Attic  drachma,  which  ought 
to  weigh  at  least  66-5  Troy  grains.  This  renders  it 
very  desirable  to  know  their  age ;  but  the  besetting  diffi- 
culty of  such  an  inquiry  immediately  assails  us,  and 
prevents  any  other  than  an  approximate  opinion.  The  best 
we  can  form  would  assign  these  coins  to  the  reign  of  Anti- 
ochus  III.,  and  probably  to  the  middle  or  latter  part  of  it. 

The  following,  among  many  other  reasons  may  be  ad- 
duced for  thus  referring  them  to  above  a  century  after  the 
death  of  Alexander.  1.  It  is  on  record,  that  in  his  march 
through  Asia,  on  his  Indian  expedition,  Alexander  took 
Side,  and  left  a  garrison  there.43  During  his  life  time, 
that  city  like  the  other  conquered  cities  of  Asia,  no  doubt 
struck  coins  of  Alexander  himself.  2.  It  is  well  known, 
that  the  money  of  Alexander  was  of  the  full  Attic  weight;44 
some  time  must,  therefore,  have  been  required  for  the 
occurrence  of  the  diminution  above  remarked.  3.  These 
coins  bear  a  general  resemblance  in  fabric  to  many  of 
those  of  Antiochus  III.,  and  the  design  of  the  type,  as 
well  as  the  style  of  the  workmanship,  indicate  with  tole- 
rable certainty  a  period  corresponding  with  his  reign, 
namely,  B.  c.  223—187. 

Having  thus  fixed,  approximately,  the  age  of  the  oldest  of 
the  coins  of  Side,  which  are  adjusted  to  the  Attic  standard,*5 

3  Arrian.  lib.  1.  cap.  27. 

4  The  occupation  of  Side,  and  of  the  chief  cities  of  Asia,   by 
Alexander,  was    probably  the  cause  of  tbe  subsequent   adoption 
of  the  Attic  standard  there,  and  elsewhere. 

3  The  coins  of  Side,  anterior  to  Alexander,  are  not  on  the 
Attic  standard,  and  are  of  a  different  type,  having  been  probably 
struck  under  the  Persian  swav. 


SILVER    TET11ADRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  85 

we  dare  not  venture  to  attempt  to  fix  the  ages  of  any 
more,  for  a  period  of  about  sixty  years.  The  coins  of 
Amyntas  however,  which,  as  before  said,46  bear  the  date 
B.C.  25,  enable  us  readily  to  distinguish  two  kinds  of  late 
coins,  which  must  necessarily  have  been  struck  during  the 
century  which  preceded  his  time,  and  which,  we  think, 
may  be  safely  assigned,  approximately,  to  B.C.  125 — 75, 
for  reasons  given  in  the  Appendix.47 

We  have  thus  two  kinds,  or  classes,  of  late  coins  of 
Side,  independent  of  those  of  the  period  of  Amyntas  ; 
and  the  mean  weights  of  these  three  late  classes  are  as 
follows : — 

Troy  Grains  and 
Decimal  Parts. 

Class  I.  gives  an  average,  or  mean  drachma  of  .          .  63-1 

II.  gives48 62-8 

III.  being  the  latest  (of  the  period   of  Amyntas) 

gives      .......  61-4 

But  when,  on  weighing  Class  III.  of  the  coins  of  Side, 
we  perceive,  for  the  first  time,  that  we  possess  tetradrachms 
(adjusted  to  the  Attic  standard),  which  give  a  drachma  of 
only  61*4  Troy  grains,  a  new  and  unexpected  light  dawns 
upon  us ;  and  we  discover  at  once  that  we  have  approached 
the  solution  of  the  old  question,  as  to  the  equality  of  the 

46  Supra,  page  75. 

47  See  Appendix,  pages  91—93 ;  Coins  of  Side,  No.  12  to  25. — It 
may  be  well  here  to  state,  that  we    are   fully   aware  of  the    dis- 
advantages attendant  upon  an  endeavour  to  shew,  on  the  apparently 
slight  authority  of  so  few  coins  (in    Classes   I.   and  !!.)»  results 
so  important  to  fix  the  gradual  diminution  of  the  Attic  drachma ; 
but  as    these   results  presented  themselves,  we  feel  justified  in  not 
withholding  them.     If  they  do   not  approximate  to  the  truth,  it 
will  be  easy  to  correct  them,  by  means  of  a  greater  number  of  the 
same   kinds  of  coins,  in   perfect  condition,  without  affecting  our 
main  question. 

8  It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  the  coin  of  Brogitarus,  struck 
B.C.  53,  gives  a  Drachma  of  62'3  Troy  grains.  See  page  74, 
Note  22. 

VOL.   VIII,  N 


86  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

Attic  Drachma  and  Consular  Denarius.  At  the  same 
time,  the  weight  of  the  latter  being  now  fixed  at  60  Troy 
grains,4**  it  follows  that  it  is  to  the  Attic  Drachma  that  we 
must  look  for  some  diminution  of  a  difference  of  1*4  Troy 
grains,  or  about  2-3  per  centum,  which  still  remains  between 
them. 

This  cannot  be  satisfactorily  accomplished  without 
more  coins.  The  two  of  Amyntas  afford  very  slight  help. 
They  give  us  an  average  drachma  of  61-3  Troy  grains;50 
which  corresponds  so  remarkably  with  the  average  of  the 
eight  tetradrachms  of  Side  (Class  III.)  of  the  period  of 
Amyntas,  as  before  stated,51  as  to  lead  to  the  inference 
that  we  have  arrived  at  very  nearly  the  minimum  weight  of 
the  Attic  Drachma-52  If  this  be  supposed  to  be  the  case, 
the  most  probable  means  of  explaining  or  accounting  for 
this  small  remaining  difference,  appears  to  be  a  combination 
of  the  three  following  considerations  :  — 


49  For  the  weight  of  the   consular   Denarius,  see  the   note  34, 
page  79,  but  particularly  the  admirable  work   of  Letronne  there 
mentioned.  By  a  most  satisfactory  and  elaborate  process  of  weighing 
singly  1350  Family  Denarii  with   the  greatest  accuracy,  and   de- 
ducing therefrom  a  series   of  averages,  M.  Letronne  has   practi- 
cally fixed  the  weight  of  the  Roman  pound,  and  proved  that  the 
nearest  possible  approximation  to  the  weight  of  the  Consular  De- 
narius is  73-0597  French  grains  =  59-939  grains  troy.    This  re- 
sult agrees  very  accurately  with  a   previous  trial  which  he  had 
made  on  gold  Consular  coins,  and  Solidi  of  Constantine. 

50  See  the  weight  of  them  at  page  71. 

51  Supra,  page  85. 

52  It  appears  probable  that  if  we  had  a  greater  number  of  the 
coins  of  Amyritas,  as  well  as  of  the  Class  III.,  we  should  obtain 
an  average  drachma  still  lighter.     The  four   tetradrachms,  Nos. 
17,  22, 23,  and  24,  in  the  Appendix,  which  we  personally  examined 
and  weighed  (of  which  three  are  as  they  came  from  the  die,  and 
the  fourth   in  very  good  condition),  give  an  average  drachma  of 
61*07  Troy  grains  only. 


SILVER    TETRA DRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  87 

1.  That   the    authors  cited,  notwithstanding  their  posi- 
tive testimony  and  apparent  precision,  adopted  the  usual 
and  popular  calculation,  which  was,  in  fact,  merely  a  dose 
approximation. 

2.  That  future  discoveries  will  diminish,  in  some  degree, 
the  average  weight  of  the  Attic  Drachma  at  the  period  of 
Livy,  or  Amyntas.     And — 

3.  That  the  irregularity  in  the  adjustment  of  the  individual 
Drachma  and  Denarii  respectively,  would  have  nullified  in 
practice  the  assumption  of  any  nicer  distinction. 

We  proceed,  in  conclusion,  to  add  a  few  words  in  illus- 
tration of  these  propositions. 

If  the  discovery  of  more  coins  should  hereafter  reduce 
the  Attic  Drachma  a  fraction  under  61  grains,  which  seems 
very  probable,53  the  difference  would  then  be  1-5  per 
centum ;  or  reduced  to  60-6  grains,  the  difference  would 
be  only  one  per  centum.  Either  of  these  differences  would 
perhaps  justify  the  passages  cited;  especially  when  we 
consider  that  variations  of  more  than  two  per  centum  con- 
stantly occur  between  one  tetradrachm  and  another.54 

The  Consular  Denarius  was  also,  on  the  other  hand,  so 
irregularly  adjusted,  that  individual  pieces  frequently  shew 
much  greater  variations  in  weight.55  This  remarkable  irre- 
gularity in  the  adjustment  (with  the  same  weight  of  the 
Denarius,  as  in  the  Consular  times),  continued  during  the 
period  of  Julius  Caesar,  M.  Antony,  and  Augustus,  as 

63  See  Note  52,  page  86. 

54  On  comparing  the  weights  in  the  Appendix,  of  the  tetradrachms 
Class  III.,  this  will  be  quite  evident;    and  even  the  two  (Nos. 
23  and  24)  as  they  came  from  the  die,  and  found  with  the  coins  oj 
Amyntas,  differ  in  weight  one  and  a  quarter  per  centum. 

55  Raper  had  remarked  this.     He  says,  "  The  Consular  silver 
is  so  unequal,  that  the  Romans  must  have  been  very  negligent  in 
sizing  their  pieces"  (Philosoph.  Transac.  for  1771,  vol.  Ixi.  p.  505). 


88  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

will  be  exemplified  by  a  reference  to  the  weights  of 
twenty-five  Denarii  in  the  Appendix.56  Notwithstanding 
this  curious  fact,  the  mean  weights  of  the  respective  kinds 
approximate  to  the  truth  with  singular  correctness,  although 
the  number  of  coins  of  each  kind  is  so  small. 

It  would  be  needless  to  say,  that  the  following  results 
were  in  no  way  anticipated  or  contrived. 

Troy  Grains  and 
Decimal  Parts. 

The  six  Denarii  of  Julius  Caesar,  rejecting  No.  5  as 

over  weight,57  give  a  mean  weight  of  .  .  .  60-5 

The  six  Denarii  of  M.  Antony,  rejecting  No.  1 1  as 

over  weight,  give  $  *,.],<  .  .  ;,;  :  60-5 

The  four  Denarii  of  Augustus,  which  were  perhaps 
struck  in  Asia  Minor,  rejecting  No.  14  as  over 
weight,  give  '  Vi« .••.  •«•  .  .  .  V.  .  .  60-5 

The  four  struck  after  B.C.  27,  with  the  cognomen  Au- 
gustus, give  .  .  .  "...  •  •  '•*r  59*7 

The  four  among  the  Monetarii  of  Augustus,  give      .         60' 1 

Average,  or  mean  weight  of  the  whole  25  Denarii     .         60'6 

Average  of  the  25  Denarii,  after  rejecting  the  three 

over  weight,  Nos.  5,  11,  and  14  .  .  ^  jS  60-3 

Passing  over  the  practical  evils  which  must  have  been 
felt  in  the  use  of  a  currency  of  which  the  individual  coins, 
whether  Greek  or  Roman,  differed  so  widely  in  weight ; 
the  fact  being  undoubted,  may  serve  to  explain  why 
the  traveller  in  Greece  and  Asia  now  finds  such  an  abund- 
ance of  rubbed  Denarii,  and  notices  the  almost  total  dis- 
appearance not  only  of  Athenian  drachmae  of  a  late  period, 
but  of  Asiatic  drachmae  also,  both  having  been  soon  driven 
out  of  circulation  by  the  Denarii. 

66  See  Appendix,  pages  93 — 95. 

57  This  coin,  and  those  in  the  two  following  averages,  being  so 
extraordinarily  overweight,  could  not  have  been  fairly  included 
with  so  few  coins.  They  are,  however,  included  in  the  average 
weight  of  the  whole  25  Denarii.  These  having  been  selected  for 
their  very  perfect  condition,  previous  to  submitting  them  to  the 
balance,  it  became  needful  rigidly  to  abide  by  the  result,  and  to 
note  the  weights  of  the  whole,  whether  over  or  under-weight. 


SILVER    TETRADRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS.  89 

We  here  close  this  investigation.  The  final  result  to 
which  we  have  been  led  by  the  weight  of  the  coins  of 
Amyntas  may  be  summed  up  as  follows : — 

The  Drachma,  usually  considered  as  that  of  Solon,  weigh- 
ing, according  to  some,  66-5  Troy  grains?*  and  according  to 
others,  67 '37,  continued  in  use  until  an  uncertain  period  after 
the  death  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

Troy  Grains  and 
Decimal  Parts. 

About  B.  c.  223—187,  it  had  fallen  to  .  .  65-3—65-0 
About  B.C.  125 — 75,  it  had  further  diminished  to  63-1 — 62-8 
About  B.C.  25,  at  the  death  of  Amyntas,  it  weighed  only  61 '4 — 61*3 

and  thus  became  very  nearly  equal  to  the  Roman  Denarius; 
the  weight  of  which,  as  before  observed,  has  been  fixed  at  60 
Troy  grains. 

We  cannot  refrain  from  adverting  here  to  the  notable 
fact,  that  the  gradual  diminution  in  the  weight  of  the 
Drachma  of  Athens,  seems  to  mark,  with  singular  accuracy, 
the  gradual  decline  of  her  political  influence;  and  it  is 
curious  further  to  observe,  that  at  the  period  when  the 
equality  of  the  Drachma  and  Denarius  is  first  mentioned,59 
the  power  of  Athens  may  be  said  to  have  ceased,60  and  that 
of  Kome  to  have  attained  its  zenith.61  Very  shortly  after- 
wards, we  find  the  Denarius,  in  its  turn,  beginning  to  wane ; 
and  we  may  clearly  trace,  first,  its  decline  in  weight,  and 

58  See  note  34,  page  79. 

59  Livy,  xxxiv.51,  who  wrote  B.C.  29  — 9.     Cf.  Clinton,   Fasti 
Hellenici,  vol.  iii.  pp.229,  and  251. 

10  It  is  pleasing,  however,  to  remember,  that  the  celebrated  city 
to  which  we  owe  so  much,  retained  her  pre-eminence  as  the  seat 
of  science  and  learning,   for   above   five   centuries  subsequent  to 
this.     Her  schools  were  not   closed   till   about    A.  D.  529,  in    the 
reign    of  Justinian.       See    Topography    of  Athens,    by    Colonel 
Leake,  vol.  i.  p.  62,  second  edition. 

11  Soon  after  the  battle  of  Actium,  B.C.  31,  during  the  reign 
of  Augustus. 


90  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

subsequently  its  adulteration,  through  the  decline  and  fall 
of  the  Roman  Empire. 

Apologising  for  this  long  discussion,  the  subject  of  which, 
however,  would  be  quite  worthy  of  a  full  and  separate 
investigation,  it  will  be  perceived,  that  in  endeavouring  to 
develope  the  gradual  diminution  of  the  Attic  Drachma,  we 
have  not  merely  had  in  view  the  clearing  up  of  an  old 
difficulty,  but  the  introduction  of  a  new  principle,  or  ele- 
ment, which,  when  fully  established  by  more  extended 
labours,  will  be  applicable  to  assist  us  (with  proper  limi- 
tation) in  judging  of  the  age  of  civic  coins  by  their  weight. 
The  importance  of  such  an  additional  means  of  arriving 
at  this  great  desideratum  will  be  readily  felt  and  admitted ; 
and  the  coins  of  Side,  by  their  abundance  as  well  as  by  their 
uninterrupted  sequence  throughout  the  two  centuries  B.C., 
during  which  the  diminution  of  the  Attic  Drachma  chiefly 
took  place,  seem  more  eligible  than  those  of  any  other 
city  (except  Athens)  to  be  called  to  our  aid,  in  further 
inquiries  into  this  interesting  question. 

I  remain, 

Dear  Sir,  etc. 

THOMAS  BURGON. 

British  Museum, 
August  1st,  1845. 


APPENDIX. 

ALL  the  following   coins   of   Side    bear   the    usual  type ; 
namely — 

Obv. — Helmeted  head  of  Minerva  to  the  right. 

Rev. — Winged  Victory,  in  motion,  to  the  left,  with  a  laurel 
wreath  in  her  extended  right  hand,  and  supporting  her  drapery 
with  the  left.  A  pomegranate  in  the  field,  to  the  left. 


SILVER    TETRADRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS. — APPENDIX.     91 

The  first  eleven  Tetradrachms  are  from  among  the  earliest 
of  this  type,1  and  are  of  the  best  workmanship  ;  they  will  also 
be  found  to  be  the  heaviest.  They  may  be  readily  recog- 
nised by  the  following  letters,  etc.  in  the  field  of  the  reverse. 

Of  these,  the  three  heaviest  in  the  British  Museum  weigh 
as  follows  : — 

Weight  in  Troy  Grains  Condition  of 

and  Decimal  Parts.  the  Coins. 

1 — With  21  in  a  monogram        -     26l'5  Very  good  2 

2. — With  AEI  in  a  monogram     -     261  '5  Good. 

3.— With  AEIN      -  -     260  0  Good. 

The  three  heaviest  in  the  Royal  Collection  of  France3 
weigh  :  — 

4. — With  E  and  monogram        -       261 '2         -         Good. 
5. — With  H  and  monogram       -       259-8  Good. 

6.— Idem       -         -  -       262*4  Good. 

The  three  heaviest  in  the  Hunter  Collection4  weigh:  — 

7. — With  AP  and  a  wreath       -       259 '25       -         Unknown. 
8. — With  AEINO  -  -        260'75       -          Unknown. 

9._With  AHM      -  -        262'75       -         Unknown. 

The  two  fine  Specimens  in  the  Collection  of  the  late 
Mr.  Thomas5  weighed:  — 

10.— With  AI  260-2         -         Fine. 

11. —With  AK  -        259-7  Fine. 

The  following  are  the  weights  of  the  later  Tetradrachmae 
of  Side.  They  may  be  readily  divided  into  three  kinds  or 
classes;  namely, — 

I. — Those  with  CT  in  the  field  to  the  left,  which  are  known  to 
belong  to  the  later  period,  by  the  form  of  the  sigma,  as  well  as 
the  style  of  the  workmanship. 


1  See  note  45,  page  84, 

2  T.  Combe,  Vet.  Num.  in  Mus.  Brit.  p.  184,  No.  6. 

3  Mionnet,  Vol.  iii.,  p. 473,  No.  149;— page  475,  Nos.  166, 167. 

4  Combe,  Hunter,  Num.  Vet.,  &c.,  p.  270,  Nos.  6,  9,  and  12. 

5  Sale  Catalogue,  page  335. 


92 


NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


II. — Those  with  a  helmet,  and  AP  in  the  field,  to  the  left, 
which  are  also  recognised  by  the  form  of  the  letters  and  style  of 
the  workmanship. 

III.— Those  with  KAEYX  (sic)  across  the  field,  which,  by 
their  style  and  coarse  workmanship  are,  no  doubt,  the  latest 
silver  coins  of  Side  extant.6 

Weight  in  Troy  Grains 
and  Decimal  Parts. 

I. — 12. — Of   the  first  class, 

the    heavier     of     the 

two  Specimens  in  the 

British  Museum  weighs  2  55  •  7 

13.  -The  other,  in  the 

same  Collection  250*8 

14. — A  Drachma  in  the 

Hunter  Cabinet8  61 '5 

II.— 15. — Of  the  second  class, 
the  only  specimen  in 
the  British  Museum 
weighs  -  253-8 

16. — Another  in  the  Hun- 
ter Cabinet9  249'0 

HI. — 17. — Of  the  third  class, 
the  only  Specimen  in 
the  British  Museum 
weighs  -  245-9 

18. — The  heavier  of  two10 
in  the  Hunter  Cabinet  244"  3 


Condition  of 
the  Coins. 


Good.7 
Very  good. 
Unknown. 

Very  good. 
Unknown. 

Very  good. 
Unknown. 


6  We  have  entertained  this  opinion  for  many  years ;  and  it  is 
now  confirmed  by  the  discovery  that  the  coins  of  Amyntas,  when 
found,  were  mixed  with  some  of  this  kind  or  class.     The  two 
(Nos.  23  and  24)  which  we  have  seen,  are  in  the   same  perfect 
condition  as  the  coins  of  Amyntas,  and  average  the  same  weight 
within  two  grains.     A  stronger  proof  of  the  age  of  the  coins  with 
KAEYX  could  not  be  desired. 

7  T.  Combe,  Vet.  Num.  in  Mus.  Brit.  p.  184,  No- 5. 

8  Loc.  cit.  p.  271,  No.  18. 

9  Ibid.  p.  270,  No.  15. 

10  Ibid.  p.  270,  No.  13.  The  other,  No.  14,  weighing  only 
233  grains,  is,  no  doubt,  in  bad  condition,  and  therefore  unfit  for 
our  purpose. 


SILVER  TETRADRACHMS  OF    AMYNTAS.  —  APPENDIX.       93 


Weight  in  Troy  Grains 
and  Decimal  Parts. 


19.  —  The  heaviest  of  the  three 

in  the  Royal  Collection 

of  France,  weighs11  -  250*2 
20.—  Another13  -  245-7 

21.—  Another14  -  248'6 

22.  —  The  weight  of  one  former- 

ly in  my  own  collection          245'0 

23.  —  The  weight  of  one  of  two 

now  before  me,  which 
were  found  with  the 
two  coins  of  Arnyntas  -  244'6 

24.  —  The  weight  of  the  other         241  6 

25.  —  A  Drachma  in  the  Collec- 

tion of  the  late  Mr. 
Thomas,15  weighed  -  59'7 


Condition  of 
the  Coins. 


Rubbed.  l2 
Has    a  hole. 
Good. 

Perfect. 


Perfect. 
Perfect. 


Fine. 


With  a  view  to  shew  the  fluctuating  weight  of  the 
Roman  Denarius,  during  the  period  of  Livy  and  Arnyntas, 
and  which  was  the  same  during  the  Consular  times,  the 
following  Danarii  of  Julius  Caesar,  M.  Antony,  and  Au- 
gustus, were  selected  from  among  those  in  the  British 
Museum,  as  likely  to  give  a  fair  approximate  mean 
weight,16  in  consequence  of  their  beautiful  condition. 

Six  Denarii  of  Julius  Caesar,  weighed  as  follows:  — 


Weight  in  Troy  Grain 
and  Decimal  Parts. 


1.  Rev. — Venus  standing  with 

sceptre  and  victory17       60'7 


Condition  of 
the  Coins. 


Perfect. 


11  Mionnet,  vol.  iii.  page  474,  No.  159. 

12  Mionnet  (Poids   des    Medailles    Grecques,   etc  ,  8vo.  Paris, 
1839)   says  of  this  coin  "  fruste,"  but  if  the  weight  of  4  gros 
17  grs.   be   correct,  the  coin  can   hardly  be  much   rubbed,  and 
weigh  so  heavy,  except  it  be  an   example  of  a  coin  much  over 
weight,  which   sometimes    occurs,    as  the    following   weights   of 
Roman  Denarii  will  shew. 

13  Mionnet,  vol.  iii.  page  474,  No.  160. 

14  Ibid.  No.  161. 

15  Sale  Catalogue,  page  335. 
6  See  Note  42,  page  83. 

17  The  description  of  the  reverses  alone  will  suffice  to  identify 
the  individual  coins, 


VOL.  VIII. 


94 


NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


Weight  in  Troy  Grains  Condition  of 

and  Decimal  Parts.  the  Coins.  t 

2.  Rev. — L.B VGA, Venus  seated 

with    sceptre    and 

victory  59'7  Perfect. 

3.  Rev. — L.   BVCA.  Caduceus, 

globe,  joined  hands, 

etc.     -  59-8  Perfect. 

4.  Rev. — c.  COSSVTIVS  MARI- 

DIANVS,  etc.  61-3  Fine. 

5.  Rev. — TI.     SEMPRONIVS 

GRACCHVS,  stan- 
dards, etc.  -  62-1  Fine.18 

6.  Rev. — Q.     VOCONIVS,    etc., 

a  calf-  -         61-0  Fine. 

Six  Denarii  of  M.  Antony  weighed  as  follows  : — 

7.  Rev. — Armenian   tiara,  bow 

and  arrow,  etc.      -         6OO 

8.  Rev. — PIETAS     cos.    across 

the  field.  Female 
standing,  with  cor- 
nucopia, etc.  61'0 

9.  Rev. — CAESAR    IMP.    Cadu- 

ceus    -  -         60*7 

10.  Rev. — M.    ANTONIVS,      etc. 

head    of   the    Sun 

radiate,  to  the  right         60'5 

11.  Rev. — PIETAS     cos.     under 

a  standing  female 
figure,  with  rud- 
der and  cornucopia, 
and  a  stork  at  her 
feet  -  63-2 

12.  Rev.— Head  of  Octavius     -         60-5 


Very  good. 

Perfect. 
Perfect. 

Very  good. 


Perfect.19 
Perfect. 


*  Of  the  following  thirteen  Denarii  of  Augustus,  the  first 
four,  which  appear  to  have  been  struck  in  Asia  Minor, 
weighed : — 


13.  Rev.  —  CAESAR  roivi.  F.  a- 
cross  the  field,  the 
Emperor  standing 


61  '2 


Perfect. 


18  Coin  remarkably  over  weight,  and  unfit  to  be  taken  into  the 
average  weight  of  so  few  coins. 

19  Another  coin   remarkably   overweight,  and   therefore,  to  be 
rejected  in  adopting  the  mean  weight  of  so  few  coins. 


SILVER    TETRADRACHMS    OF    AMYNTAS. — APPENDIX.      95 

Weight  in  Troy  Grains        Condition  of 
and  Decimal  Parts.  the  Coins. 

14.  Rev. — IMP.   CAESAR    across 

the  field,  statue  of 
the  Emperor  stand- 
ing on  a  base, 
etc.  -  63-3  Fine.20 

15.  Rev. — IMP.    CAESAR,    under 

a    quadriga,  on     a 

triumphal  arch      -         59'5  Fine. 

16.  Rev. — IMP.  CAESAR,  on  the 

frieze  of  a  build- 
ing, with  three 
statues  on  the  pedi- 
ment,and  four  short 
columns  before  it  -  60  7  Perfect. 

Four,  which  were  struck  after   A.V.C.  7*27  =B.C.  27,  with 
the  cognomen  Augustus,  weighed  : — 

17.  Rev. — AVGVSTVS,  bull  to  the 

right-  61-1  Fine. 

18.  Rev. — AVGVSTVS,   Capricorn 

with  rudder,  globe, 
and  cornucopia  to 
the  right  -  58'5  Fine. 

19.  Rev. — IMP.  xii.,  across    the 

field,  Apollo  to  the 
right,  draped,  hold- 
ing a  lyre,  under 
his  feet  ACT.  60- 1  Fine. 

20.  -Rev.— Car  in  a  round  temple 

with  four  columns, 
s.  p.  Q.  R.  under- 
neath -  59  1  Perfect. 

Four  among  the  monetarii  of  Augustus  weighed: — • 

21.  Rev. — c.     ANTISTIVS,    etc., 

tripod,     simpulum, 

lituus,  etc.    -  60'5  Fine 

22.  Rev. — M.  DVRMIVS    in.  VIR. 

Lion    devouring  a 

stag,  to  the  left     -          60 '3  Fine. 

0  Example  of  another  coin  remarkably  over  weight,  and  unfit 
for  an  average  of  few  coins. 


96  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

Weight  in  Troy  Grains  Condition  of 

and  Decimal  Parts.  the  Coins. 

23.  Rev. — c.  MARIVS,  etc.,  quad- 

riga bearing  a  palm 

branch  596  Perfect. 

24.  Rev. — L.    MESCINIVS,    etc., 

naked  male  statue 
on  an  inscribed 
base  -  60-0  Perfect. 

A  Denarius  of  Augustus,  probably  struck  B.C.  27  : — 

25.  Rev. — Head  of  M.  Agrippa         61-1  Fine.21 


[P.  S.  November,  1845. — In  consequence  of  the  lapse  of  time 
which  has  intervened  between  the  date  of  this  paper  and  its  pub- 
lication, and  moreover  as  an  article  on  the  same  subject  has  appeared 
in  the  interval,  in  the  Revue  Numismatique,  from  the  pen  of  a 
learned  and  noble  Antiquary,  for  whom  I  entertain  a  deep  feeling 
of  respect,  I  wish  distinctly  to  state,  that  the  present  remarks 
were  written  previous  to  the  date  which  they  bear,  and  that 
they  have  not  since  been  altered,  except  for  the  press.  With- 
out this  explanation,  the  different  view  of  the  subject  which  I 
have  taken  in  the  preceding  pages,  might  appear  in  the  light  of 
a  disguised  reply,  or  indirect  attack,  of  either  of  which  I  should  be 
sorry  to  be  thought  capable.  The  delay  in  the  final  revisal  for 
publication,  was  occasioned  at  first  by  indisposition,  and  after- 
wards by  the  consequent  pressure  of  various  occupations.  T.  B.] 


21  In  publishing  the  weights  of  coins  it  becomes  absolutely 
necessary  to  note  their  condition,  or  state  of  preservation. — I 
usually  adopt  the  use  of  the  four  following  words,  good — very 
good — -fine — perfect ;  to  be  understood  in  their  common  accepta- 
tion, as  used  by  numismatists.  The  first  word  being  applied  to 
coins,  the  weight  of  which,  if  they  were  more  rubbed,  would  cease 
to  be  useful ;  and  the  last,  reserved  only  for  such  coins  as  are  in 
the  state  in  which  they  came  from  the  die,  and  perfectly  clean  ; 
consequently,  having  neither  lost  nor  gained  any  sensible  weight. 


Numismatic.  Chronicle,  Vol . 


TOKENS    ISSUED   BY   WILTSHIRE   TRADE  SMI  •. 


97 


VII. 
TOKENS  ISSUED  BY  WILTSHIRE  TRADESMEN. 

NOTWITHSTANDING  the  dictum  of  Pinkerton,  many  persons 
are  yet  found,  who  collect  Tradesmen' 's  Tokens;  and,  even 
in  Germany,  where  not  a  tittle  of  Numismatic  evidence  is 
slighted  or  despised,  these  media  of  "  charitie  and  change" 
are  not  considered  unworthy  the  attention  of  those  who  can 
appreciate  a  better  and  a  more  legitimate  coinage.  It 
must  be  confessed  that,  as  mere  works  of  art,  they  have 
nothing  to  interest  us ;  but  we  submit  that,  as  containing  a 
list  of  names  only,  they  are  not  deficient  in  information  to 
the  antiquary  and  the  genealogist.  Whether  they  are  now 
"  collected  by  some  antiquaries  with  an  avidity  truly 
puerile,"  as  the  aforesaid  authority  states  they  were  in  his 
days,  it  is  not  our  business  to  inquire;  but  we  protest 
against  his  sweeping  assertion,  that  "  not  one  purpose  of 
taste,  information,  or  curiosity,  can  be  drawn  from  them." 
"  It  need  hardly  be  added,"  he  continues,  "  that  they  are 
recommended  to  the  supreme  scorn  of  the  reader,  who  may 
justly  regard  the  studying,  or  collecting  of  them,  along 
with  the  admiration  of  counters,  as  beneath  any  man  of 
taste."1 

Now,  though  we  yield  to  none  in  admiration  of  the 
classic  beauty  of  the  coins  of  Greece  and  Rome,  we 
do  not  utterly  reject  the  humble  record  of  Tradesmen's 
Tokens:  though  they  bear  not  "the  representations  of 
statues  before  which  the  politest  nations  of  the  world  have 


1  Essay  on  Medals,  vol.  ii.  p.  83.  ed.  1789. 


98  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

fallen  down  and  worshipped:"  though  they  record  no 
victories,  bear  no  pompous  nor  high-sounding  inscriptions, 
nor  the  effigies  of  dynasties,  which  have  gone  down  the 
stream  of  time,  they  are  yet  not  without  their  interest  in 
our  eyes, 

Evelyn  in  his  "  Discourse  of  Medals,"  thus  prophetically 
alludes  to  these  pieces  : — "  The  tokens  which  every  tavern 
and  tippling-house  (in  the  days  of  late  anarchy  and  con- 
fusion among  us)  presumed  to  stamp  arid  utter  for 
immediate  exchange,  as  they  were  passable  through  the 
neighbourhood,  which,  though,  seldom  reaching  further 
than  the  next  street  or  two,  may  happily  in  after-times 
come  to  exercise  and  busy  the  learned  critic  what  they 
should  signifye." 

The  tokens,  however,  of  this  period,  were  not  issued  by 
the  keepers  of  "  taverns  and  tippling-houses "  alone,  but, 
as  would  appear,  by  tradesmen,  generally,  in  every  town 
in  England.  There  must  have  been  some  great  manu- 
factory of  them  either  in  London  or  Birmingham,  for  with 
few  exceptions,  the  style  of  their  workmanship  is  the  same, 
and  the  devices  are  in  most  instances  perfectly  uniform  for 
the  several  trades. 

It  is  observed  by  a  celebrated  writer,  that  those  events 
which  excite  the  wonder  and  surprise  of  posterity,  occasion 
but  slight  remark  at  the  period  of  their  occurrence  ;  and 
we,  who  now  marvel  that  such  a  coinage  as  that  under 
notice  could  be  tolerated  by  an  English  Government 
scarcely  two  centuries  ago,  almost  forget  the  spurious 
issue  of  the  Birmingham  Mints  in  the  reign  of  George 
the  Third. 

The  historian  and  numismatist  will  pardon  our  here 
taking  a  short  review  of  the  English  coinage — 

The  weight  of  the  earlier  Saxon  penny  was  24  grains, 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY    WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.  99 

hence  the  term  "  penny-weight";  but  it  was  soon  reduced, 
and  under  the  Norman  kings  it  became  still  less.  In  suc- 
ceeding reigns  it  gradually  dwindled,  until  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth  it  became  a  mere  spangle.  There  must  have 
been  a  considerable  coinage  of  half-pence  and  farthings 
in  the  reigns  of  the  first  three  Edwards,  and  in  the  reigns 
of  Henry  the  Fifth  and  Sixth,  for  they  are  common  at  this 
day;  and  yet  the  Parliamentary  rolls  furnish  us  with  abundant 
evidence  of  the  inconvenience  experienced  by  persons  of 
the  humbler  ranks,  through  the  want  of  small  change. 
Many  of  these  complaints  state,  that  for  want  of  small 
money  the  poor  man  lost  his  penny,  an  expression  implying 
great  inconvenience,  whatever  might  have  been  its  precise 
signification.  From  the  specimens  remaining  of  the  half- 
pennies and  farthings  alluded  to,  it  is  evident  that  the 
greatest  care  was  necessary  to  prevent  their  being  lost  or 
destroyed.  The  coinage  of  a  piece  in  silver  of  less  denomin- 
ation than  the  farthing,  was  of  course  out  of  the  question, 
(though,  considering  the  value  of  the  penny  in  those  days, 
such  a  coin  must  have  been  required),  and  a  sort  of  pseudo 
moneta  appears  to  have  had  its  origin  in  consequence. 
Many  of  the  broad  thin  tokens,  commonly  termed  "  Abbey 
Pieces,"  might  have  represented  a  coin  of  less  denomination 
than  the  farthing,  though  struck  originally  as  jettons  or 
counters.2  Queen  Elizabeth  was  obstinately  averse  to 
a  copper  coinage  for  England ;  but  in  the  reigns  of  James 
the  First  and  Charles  the  First,  the  royal  antipathy  was 


2  Vast  numbers  of  these  pieces  bear  the  figure  of  a  shield 
(Ecu),  and  were  struck  in  Holland  and  Flanders.  In  old  accounts 
the  "Cu"  is  described  as  half  a  farthing,  for  which  amount  these 
tokens  may  have  passed.  For  reasons  similar  to  those  which 
forbid  our  utterly  disdaining  "  Tradesmen's  Tokens,"  we  hope 
some  day  to  see  these  abbey  pieces  described  and  illustrated. 


100  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

greatly  modified,  and  authorized  farthing  tokens  were 
minted  in  prodigious  numbers,  the  locality  of  their  coinage 
being  still  known  to  the  metropolitan  antiquary,  as  "  Token 
House  Yard."  The  whole  history  of  this  coinage  may  be 
seen  in  Ruding's  Annals.  The  days  of  "  anarchy  and  con- 
fusion" soon  followed,  and  while 

"  The  pulpit  was  usurped  by  each  imposter," 
every  tradesman  issued  HIS  HALFPENNY  or  HIS  FAR- 
THING  TOKEN,  to  the  disgust  of  loyal  Evelyn,  and  the 
contempt,  in  after-days,    of  the  most  irate  and  rabid  of 
scribes. 

We  conclude  this  preface  to  the  following  list,  by  repeat- 
ing our  conviction,  that  as  records  of  names  and  locations 
of  families,  these  tokens  may  occasionally  assist  the  inqui- 
ries of  the  antiquary  and  the  genealogist ;  and  in  support  of 
this  opinion,  we  may  cite  the  example  furnished  by  Captain 
W.  H.  Smyth,  in  a  most  amusing  article  on  the  tradesmen's 
tokens  of  the  town  of  Bedford.3 

It  may  be  remarked,  in  conclusion,  that  this  list  seems 
to  shew,  that  the  different  classes  of  society,  now  so  much 
amalgamated,  were  once  better  distinguished,  since  we  find 
among  these  lists  of  Wiltshire  tradesmen  scarcely  any  but 
the  commonest  names  borne  by  yeoman  families  in  the 
county. 

ALBORN. 

1.  Obv. — IOHN.  ADEE.  OF.    ALBORN.  and  three  diamonds.     In 

the  field,  a  cinquefoil  between  i  A. 

R.— IN.  WILTSHIERE.  1656.     Three  rabbits,  feeding,  two 
and  one.  (Plate,  No.  1 .) 

2.  Obv. — RICHARD.  CLARK.  IN.     In  the  field  1668. 

R. — ALBORN.  WILTSHER.  and  a  mullet.    In  the  field,  R.  E.  c. 
and  three  diamonds. 

3  Numismatic  Journal,  Vol.  I.,  p.  139. 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY    WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.         101 

BARFORD. 

1.   Obv. — MARY.  BRENE.  IN.      The  arms   of  the   Ironmongers' 

Company. 

R. — BARFORD,  1667.  In  the  field,  HER.  HALFPENY,  and 
a  cinquefoil. 

BISHOPSTON. 

1.   Obv. — i.  CLARK.  BISHOPSTON.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field, 

i.  c.  divided  by  a  mullet. 

R. — IN.  WILTSHIF.RE.  1656.  and  a  mullet.  The  Mercers' 
arms.  (Plate,  No.  2.) 

BRADFORD. 

1.  Obv. — IOHN.  COOKE.  a  cinquefoil,  1666,  and  another  cinque- 

foil.   In  the  field,  HIS.  HALF-PENY.  a  cinquefoil,  and 
two  pellets. 

R. — OF.  BRADFORD,  two  cinquefoils  and  a  mullet.  In  the 
field  two  cinquefoils,  the  stems  interlaced ;  between 
the  letters  i.  M.  c. 

2.  Obv. JOHN.    COOKE.     AND.     JOSHUA.     FARRAND.     a     mullet. 

In  the  field,  a  lion  rampant. 

R. — OF.  BRADFORD.  THEIR.  HALF-PENY.  and  a  mullet.  In 
the  field,  three  bugle  horns.  (Plate,  No.  3.) 

3.  Obv. — PAULE.  METHWIN.  and  three  mullets.    A  coat  of  arms. 

Crest,  a  cross.  (Plate,  No.  4.) 

R, — IN.  BRADFORD,  and  two  mullets.  In  the  field,  a  cross 
between  the  letters  P.  M. 

4.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  BAILY.  MERCER,  and  a  quatrefoil.     In  the 

field,  the  bust  of  an  ancient  queen,  like  that  on  the 
shield  of  the  Mercers1  Company. 

R. — IN.  BRADFORD.  1668.  and  three  cinquefoils.  In  the 
field,  a  horse's  head  couped  bridled  between  the 
letters  w.  B. 

5.  Obv. — DANIEL.  DEVERELL.  and  a  cinquefoil.     A  regal  crown 

of  the  period. 

R. — IN.  BRADFORD.  1663.  and  a  cinquefoil.  In  the  field, 
D.  D.  four  pellets,  and  two  cinquefoils. 

6.  Obv. — THOMAS.  IBBOTSON.  and  three  mullets.     In  the  field, 

HIS.  HALF-PENNY,  and  six  pellets. 

R. — MERCER.  IN.  BRADFORD.  Three  flowers,  the  stems 
twisted  in  a  knot,  between  the  letters  T.  i. 

7.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  CHANDLER,  and  a   mullet.      The  Grocers' 

arms. 

R. — IN.  BRADFORD.  16...  In  the  field,  w.  c.  and  two 
cinquefoils. 

VOL.  VIII.  P 


102  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

8     Obv. — JACOB.  ELBEE.  OF.  and  four  cinquefoils.     In  the  field, 

two  tobacco-pipes  crossed,  saltier-wise. 

R. — BRADFORD.  1665.  two  cinquefoils  and  a  mullet.      In 
the  field,  i.  E.  three  cinquefoils,  and  four  pellets. 

9.  Obv. — IOHN.  PRESTON.  OF.     A  shield  of  arms. 

R. — BRADFORD.  1666.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,  HIS. 
HALF-PENY.  and  a  cinquefoil  between  two  pellets. 

10.  Obv. — JOHN.   GAGE.   OF.     The  bust  of   an  ancient  queen, 

like  that  on  the  shield  of  the  Mercers'  Company. 
R. — BRADFORD.   1649.   a   mullet,  and   two  pellets.       In 
the  field,  the  letters  r.  G   divided  by  a  pellet. 

CALNE. 

1.  Obv.— ARTHUR.  FORMAN.    1669.     In  the   field,   HIL.   MAR. 

TEN.  in  three  lines. 

R. — CHANDLER.  OF.  CALNE.     In  the  field,  A.  i.  F.  and  three 
pellets. 

2.  Obv.  —  IOHN.  JEFFREIS.   three  pellets  and  a  large  cinquefoil 

pierced.     In  the  field,  the  Grocers'  arms. 
R. — OF.  CAUN.  1668.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,  i.  M.  i. 
and  five  cinquefoils. 

3.  Obv. — GRACE.  LAWRENCE,  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,  an 

anchor. 

R. — OF.  CAULN.  1669.  and   two  cinquefoils.      In  the  field, 
i.  G.  L.  and  three  cinquefoils. 

4.  Obv. — STEPHEN.  BAILIE.     The  Mercers'  arms. 

R. — OF.  CAULN.     In   the   field,  s.  s.  B.  and    three  cinque- 
foils. 

5.  Obv. — AT.  THE.  GLASS.  HOUSE.     In  the  field,  a  square  build- 

ing with  a  tower  or  clock  house  on  the  roof. 
R. — IN.  CALNE.  1669.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,  A.  i.  s. 
and  three  cinquefoils. 

6.  Obv. — WITHERSTONE.  MESENGER.    and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the 

field,  three  rolls. 

R. — OF.   CALNE.   BAKER,   and   a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field, 
w.  M.  M.  and  two  cinquefoils.       Plate,  No.  5.) 

7.  Obv. — JAMES.  BARTLETT.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In   the  field,  a 

regal  crown  of  the  period. 

R. — OF.  CALNE.  1669.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,  i.  B. 
two  cinquefoils,  and  four  pellets. 

8.  Obv. — IOHN.  FORMAN.  and  two  mullets.       In  the  field,  two 

tobacco-pipes  crossed  in  saltier. 

R. — IN.  CALNE.     The   words   divided  by  two  mullets,  and 
three  cinquefoils. 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY    WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.          103 

9.  Obv. — WIL.  IEFFREY.  ELDER.     The  Grocers'  arms. 

R. — IN.  CALNE.  and  two  cinquefoils.      In   the  field,  w.  i. 
and  two  cinquefoils. 

10.  Obv.— IOHN.    DASH,  and   four  cinquefoils.     In  the  field,  a 

shield  of  arms. 

R. — IN.  CALNE.  1669.  and  two  cinquefoils.     In  the  field, 
i.  P.  D.  and  three  cinquefoils. 

11.  Obv. — IOHN.   NORMAN,   and  two   sunflowers.     In  the   field, 

the  Grocers'  arms. 

R. — IN.  CAULNE.  and  three  mullets.     In  the  field,  i.  M.  N. 
and  two  mullets. 

CASTLE  COMBE. 
1.    Obv. — THOMAS.  BERY.  MERCER,  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field, 

T.  i.  B.  and  three  mullets. 

R. — IN.  CASTLE.  COMBE.  66.     A  castle,  surmounted  by  an 
ancient  crown.     (Plate,  No.  6.) 

CHIPPENHAM. 

1.  Obv. — s  AMU  ELL.  GAGE.  OF.     In  the  field,  three  birds  to  the 

left,  each  holding  a  branch  in  its  beak. 
R. — CHIPPENHAM.  1653.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  the 
letters  s.  E.  G.  and  three  pellets. 

2.  Obv. — IOHN.   EDWARDS,  and  a  mullet.     In    the    field,   i.  E. 

between  six  cinquefoils. 

R. — OF.  CHIPPENHAM.  1665.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field, 
LINEN-DRAPER,  two  cinquefoils,  and  four  pellets. 

3.  Obv. — HENRY.  LAMBERT.  IN.      A  shield  bearing  the  Mercers' 

arms. 

R. — CHIPPENHAM.  MERCER,   and  a  mullet.     In  the  field, 
the  letters  n.  s.  L.  and  three  cinquefoils. 

4.  Obv. — IOHN.  STEVENS.  OF.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  i.  M.  s. 

and  three  pellets. 

R. — CHIPPENHAM.    1652.  and    a   mullet.        In    the    field, 
i.  M.  s. 

5.  Obv. — IOHN.  WILLSHEARE.  OF.  anda  cinquefoil.     In  the  field, 

CHIPENHAM.  in  three  lines. 
R. — ANDREW.  WILCOX.    1668.   and  a   cinquefoil.      In   the 

field,  a  cinquefoil  and  two  pellets. 
6     Obv. — SAMUELL.  ELLIOTE.  and  a  mullet.     In   the  field,  two 

swords  crossed  in   saltier,  and  a  carbine,  with  four 

cinquefoils. 
R. — OF.  CHIPPENHAM.      A   cluster  of    four   pellets,    and 

a  mullet.     In  the    field,   s.  A.  E.   1666.   and   three 

cinquefoils. 


104  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

CLACK. 

FRANCIS.    ROGERS. 

OF.  CLACK.  1658.     In  the  centre,  F.  I.  R. 

CORSHAM. 

1.  Obv. — EDITH.  AD.  DAD.  WOODMAN.     In  the  field,  a  distillery. 

R. — MERSER.  IN.  CORSHAM.  and  a  diamond.     In  the  field, 
D.  M.  w.  three  mullets,  and  a  diamond. 

2.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  GIBBONS.     In  the  field,  a  true  lovers'  knot  (?) 

between  the  letters  w.  G. 

3.  Obv. — EDW.  SALWAY.  CLOTHER.     A  pair  of  shears. 

ft. — IN.  CORSHAM.  WILTS.;;"  In  the  field,  E.  K.  s. 

CRICKLADE. 

1,  Obv. — THOMAS.  DEIGHTON,  and   a  mullet.     A  cross  placed 

on  steps. 

R. — MERCER.  IN.  CRICKLAD.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field, 
T.  s.  D.  two  pellets,  and  a  cinquefoil.  (Plate,  No.  7.) 

2.  Obv. ANTHONY.  WORME. 

ftt CRIKILAD.  CARRIER.       In  the  field,  A.  A.  W. 

DEVISES. 

1.  Obv. FRANCIS.  GOULDING.       A  castle. 

R. — IN.  YE.  DEVISE.  GROCER.  A  shield,  charged  with  the 
Grocers'  arms. 

2.  Obv. — EDWARD.  HOPE,  a  ship  in  full  sail. 

R. — OF.  THE.  DEVIZES.  1652.  an  anchor. 

3.  Obv. — IOHN.    FREY.    OF.    a   shield   ermine,    charged  with   a 

chevron. 
R. — THE.  DEVISES.     In  the  field,  i.  F. 

4.  Obv. — IOHN.    HAMMOND.      In    the   field,   H.  i.  s.   and  three 

cinquefoils. 
R. — OF.  THE.  DEVIZES,  three  closed  books  with  clasps. 

5.  Obv. — RICHARD.  WOTTEN.  and  a  mullet.     In  the    field,  R.  w. 

two  cinquefoils  or  mullets,  and  four  pellets. 
R. — GROCER.  IN.  DEVISES.     In  the  field,  R.  w.  two  cinque- 
foils, and  four  pellets. 

6.  Obv. — FRANCIS.   PARADICE.      A    shield    charged   with    the 

Tallow  Chandlers'  arms. 

R. — CHANDLER.  IN.  YE.  DEVIZES.  In  the  field,  three 
cinquefoils  between  the  letters  F.  M.  p.  and  the  date 
1669. 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY    WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.          105 

7.  Qbv. — GRACE.  NASH.  OF.  THE.     A  castle. 

R. — DEVISES.  1 652.     In  the  field,  three  cloves. 

8.  Obv. — RICHARD.  SLADE.  and  a  mullet.      In  the  field,  a  shield 

charged  with  the  Grocers'  arms. 

R. — IN.  THE.  DEVIZES.  1663.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field, 
R.  s.  two  mullets,  and  four  pellets. 

9.  Obv. — JOHN.  FRY.  1664.    two    cinquefoils.      In    the    field,  a 

right  hand  open. 

R. — IN.  THE,  DEVIZES,  two  mullets,  and  a  cinquefoil.  In 
the  field,  two  tobacco  pipes  saltier-wise,  the  letters 
i.  F.  and  a  cinquefoil. 

10.  Obv. — STEPHEN.  BAYLEY.  OF.     A  mermaid. 

R. — DEVIZES.  MERCER.     In  the  field,  s.  B.  1668. 

11.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  SOMNER.  OF.  arid  a  mullet.    A  shield  charged 

with  the  Grocers'  arms 

R. — THE.  DEVIZES.  GROCER,  and    a  mullet.     In  the  field, 
w.s.  1652. 

12.  Obv. — JOHN.  SLADE    GROCER,  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a 

sugar  loaf. 

R. — IN.   THE.  DEVIZES.    1668.      In  the   field,  i.  s.   three 
cinquefoils,  and  four  pellets. 

13.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  STEVENS,  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  the 

Grocers'  arms. 

R. — IN.  THE.  DEVIZES,  and  a  mullet,     In  the  field,  w.  A.  s. 
and  two  mullets. 

DOWNTON. 

1.    Obv. PHILIP.    ROOKE. 

IN.   DOWNTON.    1670. 

GREAT  BEDWIN. 

1.  Obv. — IOHN.  BUSHELL.  OF  GREAT,  and  a  pellet.  Iii  the  field, 
three  birds  to  the  left,  each  with  a  branch  in  its 
beak. 

R. — BEDWIN.  MERCER.  1669.  and  a  cinquefoil.  In  the 
field,  i.  E.  B.  and  four  cinquefoils. 

HIGHWORTH. 

1.  Obv. — LEONARD.  BOLI.  IN.  a  mullet.     A  shield  ermine,  charged 

with  a  chevron. 

R. — HIGHWORTH,  GROCER,  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field,  a 
cinquefoil  between  the  letters  L.  B. 

2.  Obv. — THOMAS.  OSBORNE.  and  a  mullet.     A  shield. 

R. — OF.  HIGH  WORTH.  1653.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field,  a 
cinquefoil  between  the  letters  T.  o. 


106  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

3.  Obv. — IOHN.  TOMES,  and  a  mullet.     The  Grocers'  arms. 

R. — OF.  HIGHWORTH.  1652.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field,  a 
cinquefoil  between  i.  T. 

4.  ObVt — RICHARD.  WILLIAMS,  and  a  mullet.       In  the   field,   a 

pair  of  spectacles. 

R. WILLIAM.   FRANKLIN.  OF.   HIGHWORTH.       In    the    field, 

w.  F.  and  two  mullets. 

5.  Obv. JOHN.  ELTON. 

HIGHWORTH.     In  the  field,  i.  E.  c. 

HUNGERFORD. 

1.   Obv. — JOHN.  BUTLER,  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  three  birds, 

each  with  a  branch  in  its  mouth. 

R. — IN.  HUNGERFORD.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field,  i.  E.  B. 
and  three  diamonds. 

KINGSWOOD. 

1.    Obv.- — EDWARD.  TANNER. 
IN.   KINGSWOOD. 

LAVINGTON. 

1.   Obv. — ROBERT.  HAYWARD.     A  ship  in  full  sail. 

R. — IN.  LAVINGTON.  1668.  In  the  field,  three  flowers 
the  stalks  terminating  in  a  knot,  between  the  letters 
R.  H. 

LAYCOCK. 

1.  Obv. — RICHARD.  GRYST.  and  two  cinquefoils.      In  the  field,  a 

lion  rampant. 

ft. — IN.  LACOCK.  1669.  and  a  cinquefoil.  In  the  field,  R.  G. 
five  pellets,  and  two  cinquefoils. 

2.  Obv. — RICHARD.  GRIST.     In  the  field,  a  pair  of  scales. 

R. — IN.  LACOCK.  1669.  and  a  large  cinquefoil  pierced. 
In  the  field,  R.  G.  G.  two  small,  and  two  large  cinque- 
foils, the  latter  pierced. 

LUDGERSHALL. 
1.  Obv. — A  castle. 

K. — OF.  LUGGASALE.  1665.  In  the  field,  wi.  in  monogram. 
(Plate,  No.  8.) 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY    WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.  107 

MAIDEN  BRADLEY. 

1.  Obv. GEOUGE.   AVDREY. 

IN.  MAIDEN.   BRADLEY.       In  the  field,  G.   A. 

2.  Obv. — IAMES.  ISHER.     The  Grocers'  arras. 

R. — OF.  BRADLEY.  1669.  In  the  field,  I.  I.  and  three  cin- 
quefoils. 

MALMESBURY. 

1.  Qfa — EDWARD.  BROWNE,  and   a   cinquefoil.      In  the  field,  a 

workman  standing  near  a  still. 

R. — OF.  MALMESBURY.  two  pellets,  and  a  cinquefoil.  In 
the  field,  E.  M.  B.  a  diamond,  four  pellets,  and  a 
cinquefoil. 

2.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  WAYTE.  and  a  mullet.       A   shield,  charged 

with  the  Grocers'  arms. 

R. — IN.  MAMSBURY.  1651.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field, 
w.  w. 

3.  Obv. — WALTER.   WOODMAN,   and    a    cinquefoil.       A    shield, 

charged  with  the  Grocers'  arms. 

R. — CARIER.  MALMESBURY.  In  the  field,  XXX  a  cinque- 
foil, and  an  M  inverted. 

4.  Obv. — ELIAS.  FERRIS.  APOTHECARY,  and  a   large    cinquefoil. 

The  Apothecaries'  arms. 

R. — IN.  MALMSBURY.  1669,  and  a  cinquefoil.  In  the  field, 
HIS.  HALF.  PENY.  E.  A.  F.  and  three  cinquefoils. 
(Plate,  No.  9.) 

5.  Obv. — NICO.  IAFFRIS.  WOOL,  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,  a 

Woolstaplers'  comb(?) 

R. — MALMESBURY.  ABYE.  In  the  field,  N.  M.  I.  and  three 
cinquefoils. 

6.  Obv. — ROB.  THOMAS.  OF.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  an  ox. 

R. — MALMESBURY.  64,  a  mullet,  and  two  pellets.  In  the 
field,  R.  H.  T.  and  four  diamonds. 

7.  Obv. — THOMAS ANER.  CARIER.     In  the  field,  a  wool- 

pack. 

R. — IN.  MALMES.  BURY,  two  diamonds,  and  a  mullet.  In 
the  field,  T.  o,  L. 

8.  Obv, — IOHN.  GOLDNEY.  IN.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  I.  M.  G. 

and  three  small  mullets. 

R. — CLOTHYK.  MALMSBURY.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field, 
i.  M.  G.  and  three  small  mullets. 

9.  Obv. PHILIP.   EDWARDS. 

IN.   MALMSBURY.   165.   R.  M.  F. 


108  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

10.  Obv. — JOHN.  SANSUM.     A  pump. 

OF.  MALMSBURY.   166...  I.  I.  S. 

1).   QJ)Vt THOMAS.  TANNER.  CARRIER 

IN.  MALMSBURY. 

12.  Obv.— THOMAS.  TANNER. 

IN  MALMSBURY. 

13.  Obv. RICHARD.  THORNER. 

MALMSBURY. 

14.  Obv. THOMAS.  EVANS. 

MALMSBURY.  IN.  WILTS. 

15.  Obv. RICHARD.  PLAYER. 

MALMBURY. 

MARLBOROUGH. 

1.  Obv. — JEREMIAH.  SLOPER.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a  sugar 

loaf. 

R. — IN  *  MARLBOROUGH.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field,  the 
the  letters  i,  E.  s.  and  two  mullets. 

2.  Obv. — IOHN.  HAMMOND.  OF.    a   cinquefoil.      In    the   field,   a 

closed  book  with  clasps. 

R. — MARLBOROUGH.  66.  and  a  cinquefoil  pierced.  In  the 
field,  the  letters  I.  K.  H.  five  cinquefoils  pierced,  and 
three  pellets. 

3.  Obv.  —  JOHN.  SMITH.  IN.  two -cinquefoils  pierced,  and  a  mullet, 

In  the  field,  two  tobacco  pipes  saltier-wise. 
R. — MALBROUGH,  1665.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  i.  K.  s. 
and  three  cinquefoils. 

4.  Obv.  —  WILLIAM.  CRABBE.  two   small,  and  one  large  cinque- 

foil.    A  half-length  figure  dipping  candles. 
R. — OF.  MARLBROUGH.  1668.    a   large  cinquefoil.     In  the 
field,  w.  M.  c.  and  three  large  cinquefoils. 

5.  Obv. — RICHARD  SHIPRE,  and   a   mullet.      A    shield,  charged 

with  the  Salter's  arms. 

R. — OF.  MOULBROUGH.  a  pellet,  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field, 
a  cinquefoil  between  the  letters  R.  s. 

6.  Obv. — THOMAS  SHIPERE,  and  a  mullet.     Full-faced  bust  of  an 

an  ancient  queen. 

R. — IN.  MARLBOROUGH.  and  a  cinqnefoil.  In  the  field, 
T.  A.  s. 

7.  Obv. IANE.    PEARCE. 

8.  Obv. MARBROUGH.  FARTHING.       A  Castle. 

R, — IN.  THE.  COUNTY,  OF.  WILTS.  1668.  An  ox  standing, 
to  the  left. 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY    WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.          109 

9.  Obv. — IOHN.  MORGAN.  1656.  and  a  mullet.     A  shield,  charged 

with  the  Grocer's  arms. 

R. — AT.  MALBURROW.  a  mullet,  and  a  pellet.     In  the  field, 
a  cinquefoil  between  the  letters  I.  M. 

10.  Obv. — OLIVER.  SHROPSHIRE,  and  a  mullet.     An  angel  with 

clasped  hands,  standing  full-faced, 

R. — IN.  MARLBROUGH.  1665.  and  a  mullet.     In   the  field, 
s.  o.  two  mullets  pierced,  and  four  pellets. 

11.  Obv. — THOMAS.  KEENE.     In  the  field,  three  birds,  one  and 

two,  each  with  a  branch  in  its  beak. 

R. — IN.  MARLBOROUGH.  and  a   mullet.     In  the  field,  T.  K. 
divided  by  a  diamond;  below  1652. 

12.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  PUREUR.  FINN.     The  Mercers'  arms. 

R. — MAKER.  IN.    MARLBROW.      In  the   field  w.  D.  p.  and 
three  diamonds. 

13.  Obv. HENRY.  COLEMAN. 

IN.  MARLBOROUGH.   1657. 

MEERE. 

1.    Obv. RICHARD.   PITMAN. 

OF.  MEERE.  16  ....     In  the  centre,  R.  i.  P. 

MELKSHAM. 

1.  Obv. — A.  A.  OF.  MELKESHAM.  and  a   ciuquefoil.      A  shield, 

charged  with  the  Mercers'  arms. 

R. — i.  A.  OF.  STEEPLE.  ASHTON.      In  the  field,   1665.  four 
pellets,  and  two  cinquefoils  pierced. 

2.  Obv. — RICH.  LUKEY.  AT.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a  pump 

with  the  water  issuing  from  the  spout. 

R. — LOWER.  END.  MILK.  s.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field, 
a  shield.  (Plate,  No.  10.) 

PURTON. 

1.  Obv.— IOHN.  EARMER.     In  the  field,  F.  i.  E.  and  five  mullets. 

R. — OF.  PYRTON.  1668.     In  the  field,  HIS.  HALF.  PENY.  and 
three  mullets. 

2.  Obv. — IOHN.  FARMAR.  1656.     A  tobacco  roll  in  the  field, 

R. — IN.  PYRTON.     In  the  field,  the  Grocer's  arms. 

(Plate,  No.  11.) 
RAMSBURY. 

1.   Obv. — JOHN.  STON.  OF.  and  a  mullet.     Full-faced  half-length 

figure  of  a  man  dipping  candles. 

R. — RAMSBURY.  1653.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  i.  M  .s. 
and  three  diamonds. 

VOL.   VIII.  Q 


1  10  NUMISMATIC   CHRONICLE. 

2.    Obv. — WILLIAM.  WHITE,  and  two  mullets.     A  shield. 

R. — IN.  RAMSBERY.  and  three  mullets.  In  the  field,  W.R.W. 
two  mullets,  and  two  pellets.  (Plate,  No.  12.) 

SARUM. 

1.  Obv. — SIMON.  BOLEE.     A  shield,  charged  with  three  birds  pas- 

sant ;  crest,  a  similar  bird. 
R. — IN.  SARUM.  1666.     In  the  field,  HIS.  HALF-PENY. 

2.  Obv . — EDWARD.  FRIPP.  and  a  cinquefoil.     A  shield  of  arms. 

R. — IN.  SARUM.  1668.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,  HIS. 

HALF-PENY. 

3.  Obv. — SIMON.  ROLFE.     A  coat  of  arms  ;  the  shield,  charged 

with   three   partridges    passant;  crest,    a   partridge 
passant. 

R — IN.  SARUM.  1666  •  I  •  In  the  field,  HIS.  HALF-PENY. 
and  four  pellets. 

4.  Obv. — THOMAS.  HAYTOR,  OF.  SARUM.  and  a  mullet.     A  shield, 

charged  with  three  goats'  heads  erased  between  a 
chevron  or. 

R. — HIS.  HALFE-PENY.  1666.  with  a  cinquefoil  and  four 
pellets  ;  three  cinquefoils  meeting  at  the  stems,  which 
are  interlaced ;  on  either  side,  T,  H. 

5. — Obv. — HENRY.  COLE,  and  a  mullet.      A  full-faced  bearded 

bust,  probably  intended  for  the  Saracen's  head. 
R. — OF.  SARUM.  1655.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a  cinque- 
foil between  the  letters  H.  c. 

6.  Obv. — THOMAS.  PARISH.  IN.  two  pellets  and  a  mullet.     In  the 

field,  I.  D.  P.  two  pellets,  and  a  cinquefoil. 
R. — CHEESE.    CROSSE.    SARUM.    and   a  mullet.     A   shield, 
ermine,  charged  with  a  chevron. 

7.  Obv. — EDWARD.  LISTER.  IN  SARUM.  and  a  large  cinquefoil.    In 

the  field,  the  rising  sun. 

R. — AT.  WINCHESTER.  GATE,  and  a  large  cinquefoil.  In 
the  field,  HIS.  HALF-PENY.  and  a  cinquefoil. 

8.  Obv. — EDWARD.  PENNY.  IN.  and  a  cinquefoil,     The  Butchers' 

arms. 
R. — SARU 1667.     In  the  field,  HIS.  TOKEN. 

9.  Obv. — EDWARD.  MASON,  a  mullet  pierced,  and  three  pellets. 

In  the  field,  a  grotesque  figure  of  a  naked  boy ;  his 
left  arm  a  Jcimbo,  his  right  extended. 

ft. —  ....SARUM.  1658.  In  the  field,  E.  E.  M.  with  two 
diamonds  and  a  pellet. 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY    WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.          Ill 

10.  Obv. — FRANCIS.  MANNINGS,  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  an 

animal  resembling  a  he- goat,  but  with  the  tail  of  a 
leopard. 

R. — IN.  SARUM.  1664.  a  cinquefoil  and  a  mullet.  In  the 
field,  F.  i.  M.  and  three  cinquefoils. 

11.  Obv. — EDMOND.  MACKS,  and  a  cinquefoil.     A  mitre. 

R. —  OF.  SARUM.  and  four  cinquefoils.  The  letters  E.  M. 
and  two  cinquefoils. 

12.  Obv. — EDWARD.  FALCONER,  and  a  mullet.    »A  shield  ermine  ; 

three  arched  crowns  on  a  chief. 

R. — IN.  NEW.  SARUM.  1659.  and  a  mullet  and  two  diamonds. 
In  the  field,  E.  M.  F.  and  three  diamonds. 

13.  Obv. — IN  SARUM.  1667.  two  pellets  and  a  mullet.     In  the 

field,  c.  E.  F.  four  cinquefoils,  three  of  them  large, 
and  pierced. 

R. — HIS.  HALF-PENY.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field,  two 
snakes  twined  together. 

14.  Obv. — THOMAS.   CUTLER.    IUNIOR.    and   a   mullet.      In   the 

field,  HIS.  HALF-PENY. 

R. — IN.  SARUM.  1666.  three  mullets  and  six  pellets.  In 
the  field,  T.  I.  c.  three  cinquefoils  pierced,  and  a 
mullet. 

15.  Obv. — GEORGE.  GODFREY,  a  mullet  pierced,  and  a  pellet.     In 

the  field,  a  rabbit  squatting. 

R. — IN.  SARUM.  1659.  a  pellet,  and  a  mullet  pierced.  In 
the  field,  G.  G.  and  two  diamonds. 

16.  Obv. — ROGER.  GODFREY.  IN.  and  a  star  of  five  points.     A 

cleaver,  and  some  other  object. 
R. — NEW.  SARUM.  1660.     In  the  field,  R.  E.  G.  and  three 

stars. 

17.  Obv. — GEORGE.  CLEMENS,  a  mullet,  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the 

field,  a  dragon  passant. 

R. — IN.  SARUM.  1664.  three  cinquefoils,  and  a  mullet.  In 
the  field,  G.  A.  c.  and  two  cinquefoils. 

18.  Obv. — IOHN.  GILBERT.  AT.  THE.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the 

field,  a  large  bell. 
R. —  BELL.  IN.  NEW.  SARUM.     In  the  field,  i.  H  G. 

19.  Obv. — THOMAS.    CUTLER.    SENIOR,    and   a   mullet.     In  the 

field  HIS.  HALF-PENY,  a  mullet,  and  two  pellets. 
R. — IN.  SARUM.  1666.  three  mullets,  and  four  pellets,  two 
and  two.     In  the  field,   two  serpents  entwined  be- 
tween the  letters  T.  c. 


112  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

20.  Olv. — ROGER.  GODFREY.  IN.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a 

cleaver,  and  some  other  instrument. 

R. — NEW.  SARUM.  1666.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field,  R.  E.  G. 
and  three  mullets. 

21.  Obv. — IOHN.  HALE,  and  a  mullet  and  a  pellet.     In  the  field, 

a  lion  passant. 
R. — GROCER.  IN.  SARUM.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  i.  H. 

22.  Obv. — IOHN.  HANCOCKE.  IN.  NEW.  and  a  diamond.     In  the 

field,  i.  H.  and  two  mullets,  with  five  diamonds. 
R. — APOTHECARY.   SARUM.  and  a  pellet.     In  the  field,  a 
Turk's  bust,  full-faced. 

23.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  JOYCE.     A  camel  couchant. 

R.— IN.  SARUM.   165...     In  the  field,  w.  i.  and  a  cinquefoil. 

24.  Obv. — FOR.  THE.  MAIOR.  OF.  THE.  1659.4  and  a  spread  eagle, 

with  double  head  for  a  mint-mark.     In  the  field,  a 
spread  eagle,  with  double  head. 

R. — CITTY.  OF.  NEW.  SARUM.  and  a  spread  eagle,  with 
double  head  for  a  mint-mark.  In  the  field,  the  arms 
of  the  city.  (Plate,  No.  13.) 

25.  Obv.—  THOMAS.  PARISH.  IN.     In  the  field,  i.  D.  P.  two  dia- 

monds, and  a  cluster  of  four  pellets. 

R. — CHEESE.  CROSSE.  SARUM.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field, 
the  Grocers'  arms. 

26.  Obv. — CHRISTOPHER.  EGG.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  the 

Ironmongers'  arms. 
R. — IN.  SARUM.  and  two  mullets.     In  the  field,  c.  E. 

27.  Obv. — THOMAS.  SHERGOOD — SARUM.  and  a  large  cinquefoil, 

pierced.     In  the  field,  a  regal  crown  of  the  period. 
R. — HIS.  HALFE-PENNY.  166...    In  the  field,  two  flowers,  the 
stalks  entwined  together  between  the  letters  T.  s. 

28.  Obv. — VAUGHAN.  RICHARDSON,  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field, 

a  dolphin. 

R. KATHERINE    STR.    IN.    SATIUM.       In    the    field,    V.  C.  R. 

1668.  two  pellets,  and  two  cinquefoils. 

29.  Obv. — GEO.  G.  PAGE.   GROCER,  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a 

bird  with  expanded  wings,  holding  a  branch  in  its 
beak 

R. — IN.  SARUM.  1657.  a  mullet  and  a  cinquefoil.  In  the 
field,  G.  K.  P.  and  two  cinquefoils  pierced. 

30.  Obv. — HENRY.  M.  , . . .  ERSHAW.  and  a  mullet.     The  object  in 

the  field,  detrited. 

4  In  the  engraving  of  this  piece,  the  date  is  erroneously  1699. 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY  WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.          113 

R. — IN.  SARUM.  COOKE.   58.      In  the  field,   H.  F.  M.  and 
three  diamonds. 

31.  Ol)i). — GEORGE.  GODFERY.   and  a  mullet.     A  rabbit. 

R. — RAT.  KILR.  (sic.)  IN.  SARUM.     In  the  field,  G.  G. 

32.  Obv. — GEORGE  (?)  GODFERY.  and  a  mullet  pierced.      In  the 

field,  a  rabbit. 

R. — RAT.  KILR.  IN.  SARUM.  In  the  field,  G.  G,  and  two 
diamonds. 

33.  Obv. JOSEPH.  SAXTON. 

R. IN.   SALISBURY. 

STEEPLE-ASHTON. 

1.   Obv. — ROB.  JEFFREYES.  and   a   cinquefoil.     In    the    field,    a 

building  resembling  a  chapel. 

R. — STEPLE.  ASHTON.  and  a  cinquefoil.  In  the  field,  R.  M.  i. 
and  two  mullets. 

STOUR. 

1.  Obv. — THOMAS.   IHONSON.   and  a  star  of  five  points.     The 

Grocers'  arms. 

R. — AT.  STOWR.  1650.  and  a  star  of  five  points.  In  the 
field,  a  cinquefoil  between  the  letters  T.  i.;  above, 
a  fieur  de  lis. 

SWINDON. 

1.  Obv. — JOHN.    SMITH,   four  pellets  and   a  mullet.     A  shield, 

charged  with  the  Bakers'  arms. 

R. — IN.  SWINDON.  1664.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  i.  c.  s. 
and  three  cinquefoils  pierced. 

2.  Obv. — HENRY.  RESTALL.  and  a  mullet.     Two  tobacco-pipes, 

crossed  saltier-wise. 
R. — IN.  SWINDON.  1668.  and  a  mullet,  three  sugar  loaves. 

3.  Obv. — AMOS.  WILKINS.  M.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  the 

Grocers'  arms. 

R. —  SWINDON.  IN.  WILTSHER.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field, 
the  letters  A.  w. 

4.  Obv. — WILLIAM.  HEATH,  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,  w.  E. 

four  pellets,  and  two  mullets  pierced. 

R. — IN.  SWINDON.  four  mullets  pierced.  In  the  field,  w.  E. 
four  pellets,  and  two  mullets  pierced. 

5.  Obv. — IIENERY.   RESTALL.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  two 

tobacco-pipes  crossed  in  saltier. 

R.  — IN.  SWINDON.  1664.  and  a  mullet.  In  the  field,  two 
tobacco-pipes  crossed  in  saltier. 


114  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

6.  Obv. — AMOS.  WILKINS.  AT.  and  a  diamond  and  two  pellets. 

The   bust   of  an   ancient   queen,  like  that   on  the 
Mercers'  arms. 

R. — SWINDON.  IN.  WILTS,  and  a  diamond.  In  the  field, 
A.  M.  w.  and  three  diamonds. 

7.  Obv. — HENRY.  MUNDAY.  CHANDLER. 

R. IN.  SWINDON. 

8.  Obv. — HENRY.   MUNDAY.    CHANDLER.       In    the     field,    the 

Grocers'  arms. 

R. — HIS.  HALF-PENY.  IN.  SWINDON.  the  words  divided  by 
diamonds.  In  the  field,  the  letters  H.  M.  divided 
by  a  branch ;  below,  1669,  a  cinquefoil,  and  two 
pellets. 

TINHEAD. 

1.   Obv. — JOHN.  BERRY.  OF.  and  a  mullet.      The  Mercers'  arms. 
R. — TINHEAD,   1668.  and  a  mullet.      In  the  field,  I.  A.  B. 
a  cinquefoil,  and  two  diamonds. 

TROWBRIDGE. 

1.   Obv. — WILLIAM.  SMITH,  two  tobacco-pipes  crossed  in  saltier. 
R. — IN.  TRUBRIDGE.     In  the   field,  w.  s.     Another  bears, 

"  IN.   TVB.  BRIDG." 


2.  Obv. — ROBERT.  DARCKE.  1669.     In  the  field, 

R. — IN.  TRUBRIDGE.  IN.  In  the  field,  six  large  pellets ; 
between  them,  WILLTS. 

3.  Obv. — TROWBRIDG.    IN.    wiLTis.     In   the   field,    H.  D.    four 

pellets,  and  two  mullets  pierced. 
R. — Precisely  the  same,  except  that  the  field  bears  the  letters 

E.  D. 

WARMINSTER. 

1.  Obv.- — THOMAS.  TOOMER.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a  bird 

with  expanded  wings,  holding  a  branch  in  its  mouth. 
R. — OF.  WARMESTER.   1651.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field, 
cinquefoil  between  the  letters  T.  T. 

2.  Obv. — IOHN.  SLADE.  1667.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a  heart. 

R. — IN.  WARMISTER.  three  pellets,  and  two  mullets.  In 
the  field,  three  flowers,  the  stalks  terminating  in  a 
knot,  between  the  letters  I.  s- 

3.  Obv. JAMES.  ELLIOT. 

R. OF.  WARMISTER. 


TOKENS    ISSUED    BY    WILTSHIRE    TRADESMEN.          115 
4.     Obv. JOHN.   BUCCHER. 

R. — IN.  WARMISTER.  1651.     In  the  field,  I.  B. 

WESTBURY. 

1.  Obv. — FRANCIS-  PASHENT.  the  Tallow-Chandlers'  arms. 

R. — OF.  WESTBURY.  1668.     In  the  field,  p.  F.  K. 

2.  Obv. — THOMAS.  HANCOCKE.     In  the  field,  a  cock. 

R. — IN.  WESBURY.  1656.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  a  right 
hand  open. 

3.  Obv. WILLIAM.   COCKELL.   OF.  WEST. 

BURY.  COUNTY.   WILTS. 

4.  Obv. WALTER.   HAYNES. 

OF.  WESTBURY, 

5.  Obv. JOHN.  MATRAVERS.   IN. 

WESTBURY. 

WILTON. 

1.  Obv. — FRANCIS.  WAGE.  OF.  two  swords  crossed  saltier-wise. 

R. — WILTON.  1658.  and  a  mullet.     A  shield,  charged  with 
three  ancient  crowns. 

2.  Obv. —  STEPHEN.  BRASSIER.  1667.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field, 

four  stars  between  the  letters  s.  H.  B. 

R. WILTON.  IN.  WILTSHEE    E.^       In  the  field,  HIS.    HALF- 

PENY. 

3.  Obv. — THOMAS.  CLARK,  a  cinquefoil  and  a  mullet.     In  the 

field,  three  leopards'  heads  cabossed. 

R. — OF.  WILTON.  1664.  and  a  mullet.     In  the  field,  T.  c.  a 
cinquefoil,  and  five  pellets. 

4.  Obv.—>- WILLIAM.  NEWMAN. 

WILTON.  HIS.  HALF-PENNY. 

WOOTTON  BASSETT. 

1.  Obv. — GABRIEL.  ARMAN.     A  shield,  bearing  the  bust  of  an 

ancient  queen. 
R. — IN.  WIIETEN.  BASSETT.     In  the  field,  A.  G.  E. 

2.  Obv. — JOHN.   KNIGHTON.   and   a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field,   a 

crown  like  that  of  Charles  I. 

R. — IN.  WOOTTON.  BASSETT.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field, 
the  letters  I.  I.  K.  and  three  cinquefoils. 

3.  Obv. — JOHN.  KNIGHTON.  four  pellets,  and  a  cinquefoil.     In 

the  field,  two  keys  crossed  saltier-wise. 
R. — IN.  WOOTTON.  BASSETT.  and  a  cinquefoil.     In  the  field, 
1. 1.  K.  and  three  cinquefoils. 


116 

VIII. 
LEADEN  TOKENS  FOUND  IN  LONDON. 

THE  tokens  engraved  in  the  accompanying  plate  were 
recently  discovered  on  the  site  of  the  ditch  without  the 
ancient  London  Wall,  during  some  excavations  near  Alders- 
gate-street.  There  were  several  hundreds ;  but  the  speci- 
mens engraved  comprise  all  the  remarkable  varieties. 

The  extreme  rudeness  and  quaintness  of  style  of  these 
pieces  favours  the  conjecture  that  they  are  of  a  much  earlier 
period  than  the  end  of  the  fifteenth,  or  the  beginning  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  as  a  friend  supposes ;  the  occurrence  of 
the  Roman  letter  R  on  one  of  them  indicating,  as  he  con- 
ceives, a  period  not  earlier  than  the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 

It  will  be  observed,  that  the  reverses  of  Nos.  4,  5,  7,  and 
9  are  varied ;  and  on  this  account,  the  R  applied  as  one  of 
the  reverses  to  No.  7,  may  probably  be  of  a  later  date.  At 
any  rate,  the  devices  are  for  the  most  part  of  a  character 
and  execution  which  remind  us  of  much  earlier  work. 

The  history  of  the  English  coinage  furnishes  us  with 
many  anecdotes,  illustrating  the  inconvenience  and  misery 
arising  from  the  want  of  a  proper  supply  of  the  fractions  of 
the  commonest  current  coin,  the  penny,  which,  considering 
the  commodities  it  would  then  procure,  was  much  too  large 
for  very  general  use  among  the  poor.  The  practice  of 
dividing  that  coin  must  have  been  found  extremely  incon- 
venient, and  the  issue  of  its  half  and  quarter,  mere  spangles 
of  silver,  does  not  appear  to  have  remedied  the  evil.  In 
such  an  extremity,  recourse  seems  to  have  been  had  to  the 
issue  of  tokens  in  the  baser  metals.  Before  the  coinage 
of  farthings  in  our  own  time,  almost  every  circular  piece 


LKADEN    TOKENS.  117 

of  metal,  even  a  button  without  a  shank,  often  represented 
that  coin  ;  and  it  may  be  readily  imagined,  that  in  the 
middle  ages  similar  substitutes  were  readily  found.  It  is 
not  unlikely  that  leaden  tokens  were  more  commonly  used 
in  taverns,  and  that  the  specimens  engraved  bear  some 
allusion  to  the  signs,  as  the  spread  eagle,  the  bishop,  the 
palmer,  the  lion,  the  hart,  the  fleur  de  Us,  etc.  etc.  A 
passage  in  the  Reliquiae  Antiques,  vol.  ii.  p.  58,  alludes  to 
the  currency  of  lead  in  taverns ;  and  it  appears,  from  the 
following  extracts  from  the  parish-account  book  of  St. 
Peter's,  of  Mancroft,  Norwich,  communicated  by  Mr.  God- 
dard  Johnson  to  the  British  Archaeological  Association, 
that  they  were  commonly  used  on  solemn  occasions. 

A.D.  £     s.  d. 

1632.  Paid  for  moulds  to  cast  tokens  in  -          040 

1633.  Paid  to  Norman  for  leaden  tokens    -  006 
1640.  Paid  to  Thomas  Turner  for  300  tokens     -         030 
1644.  Paid  to  Howard  the  plomer  for  tokens       -          000 
1659.  Paid  to  goodman  Tenton  for  cutting  a  mould 

for  the  tokens      -  026 

1680.     Paid  to  the  widow  Harwood  for  lead  tokens  050 

1683.  Paid  Mrs.  Harrold  for  new  tokens   -  010 

1684.  Ditto              ditto             ditto  0     1      0 
1686.     Paid  for  tokens  bought,  and  herbs  for  the  church  026 

The  following  is  an  account  of  the  receivings  by  tokens 
of  the  communicants  at  various  times  : — 

1682.  Paid  for  bread  and  wine,  more  than  received  by 

tokens         -  -  0   19      1 

1683.  Paid  for  bread  and  wine,  more  than  received  by 

tokens        -  0   15      1 

1685.  Received  by  tokens  3     0   11£ 

1686.  Received  by  tokens  at  eleven  communions  in  the 

said  year    -  3186 

1687.  Received  by  tokens  at  ten  communions  in  the 

said  year    -  323 

The  last  similar  entry  in  the  book  is  in  1696. 


VOL.   vin. 


118 


IX. 

OBSERVATIONS    ON    CERTAIN    GREEK    AND 
ROMAN  COINS. 

In  a  Letter  to  the  Editor. 

Bromley,  in  Kent,  13th  Nov.,  1845. 

DEAR  SIR, 

If  you  consider  the  following  notices  of  a  few 
coins  in  my  possession,  sufficiently  interesting  to  be  in- 
serted in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle,  they  are  much  at 
your  service. 

Locri.  IE,  size  7. 

Obv. — Galeated  head  of  Pallas.     Above  EY. 

Rev. — AOKPIiN.     Female  seated  with   patera  and  poppy.     On 
each  side,  a  star. 

It  was  probably  from  having  seen  only  an  imperfect 
specimen  of  this  coin,  that  Sestini  describes  the  poppy  as 
"  sceptrum  cum  globo,"  and  Eckhel  <c  sceptrum." 

Tyra.     AR,  size  4,  weighing  86  grs. 

Obv.— Head  of  Ceres,  full  faced,  veiled. 

Rev  —  TYPANON.     Bull  butting.     Between  his  legs  A. 


Procured  through  Mr.  Curt  from  the  Revil  Collection. 
This  coin  claims  attention  not  only  because  unpublished, 
but  because  it  is  the  only  autonomous  coin  hitherto  dis- 
covered of  Tyra.  It  is  further  interesting,  as  shewing  a 


OBSERVATIONS  ON  GREEK  AND  ROMAN  COINS.          119 

very  good  state  of  art  in  one  of  the  remotest  corners  of 
Numismatic  Geography.  The  types  much  resemble  those 
found  on  the  coins  of  the  neighbouring  city  of  Olbiopolis. 

DEMETRIUS  II.  OF  SYRIA.       TETRADRACHM. 

Rev. — Apollo  seated.     In  the  exergue  "  Sidon." 

This  coin  weighs  258|  grains,  being  adapted  to  the 
Attic  talent.  (Vide  observation  under  Lot  2562  of  the 
Thomas  collection.)  It  will  probably  be  found  a  general 
rule,  that  whenever  Sidon  or  any  of  the  neighbouring  cities, 
for  political  or  other  causes,  adopted  the  usual  Syrian 
types,  they  adopted  also  the  Syrian  weight,  and  adjusted 
to  the  ^Egyptian  talent  those  coins  only  which  bear  the 
Egyptian  type  of  the  eagle. 

ARTAXERXES    I.    OF    PERSIA.       AR« 


This   coin  is  unique  as  to  the  style  of  the  head  dress 
on  the  obverse. 

AUGUSTUS.       DENARIUS. 

Obv.— Head  of  Peace. 

Rev.— CAESAR.  DIVI.  F.     The  emperor    standing,  his    right 
hand  raised  ;  in  his  left,  a  spear  reversed. 

Of  this  coin  Eckhel  says,  "  aversae  sensus  mihi  ignotus." 
Connecting  the  two  sides,  it  appears  to  represent  the 
emperor  in  the  character  of  pacificator,  extending  his  right 
hand  to  forbid  further  slaughter  after  victory.  "  Dextra 


120  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

vetat  pugnas."       In  fabric,   it  resembles  the   coins  struck 
about  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Actium. 

AUGUSTUS.       DENARIUS. 

Obv. — Head  and  legend,  as  usual. 
Rev. —  Bull  butting,  &c.,  as  usual. 

In  noticing  these  very  common  coins,  Eckhel  gives  a 
summary  of  the  opinions  of  his  predecessors,  but  being 
dissatisfied  with  them  all,  adds,  "  quis  sit  hujus  typi  expli- 
catus,  quin  conjecturis  indulgeam,  adfirmare  vereor."  If 
after  this,  I  might  venture  to  give  an  opinion,  it  would  be 
that  the  type,  which  is  copied  from  the  coins  of  Thurium 
alludes  to  the  name  Thurinus,  which  the  emperor  bore  in 
youth.  "  Infanti  cognomen  Thurino  inditum  est,  in  me- 
moriam  majorum  originis,"  &c.,  &c.,  says  Suetonius  in 
vita,  cap.  7. 

NERO.       JE.  3. 

Obv.— NERO  CAESAR  AVG.  G.  IMP.  Laureated  head, 
to  the  right. 

Rev. — The  emperor  riding  to  the  right,  lance  in  hand ;  behind,  a 
soldier  with  lance  and  spear  ;  before,  another  soldier, 
similarly  armed,  who  has  fallen  down.  In  the  exergue 
DECVR. 

From  the  Thomas  collection. 

UNCERTAIN.       JE.  3. 

Obv. — Head  of  infant,  veiled,  and  crowned  with  sea  weed. 

Rev. — S.  C.  in  an  olive  garland.  Akerman,  Roman  Coins, 
vol.  ii.  p,  506. 

Where  certainty  is  not  attainable,  probability  is  desirable, 
and  with  this  view,  1  would  suggest  the  appropriation  of 
this  coin  to  the  infant  son  of  Domitian, — 

1st.  Because  the  fabric  resembles  that  of  the  other  third 
brass  of  Domitian. 


UNEDITED    COIN    OF    ABYSSINIA.  121 

2nd.  Because  the  infant  is  commemorated  in  other 
metals  and  sizes,  and,  therefore,  is  probably  commemorated 
also  in  third  brass;  a  coinage,  which,  under  Domitian,  was 
struck  in  such  unusual  quantities,  and  with  such  variety  of 
type. 

3rd.  The  infant  is  anonymous  on  all  coins,  and  the 
omission  on  this  coin  of  any  inscription,  such  as  DIVVS 
CAESAR,  may  possibly  have  arisen  from  his  being  the 
first  deceased  infant  thus  honoured.  For  testimonies  as  to 
the  importance  attached,  at  the  time,  both  to  his  birth  and 
death,  see  Eckhel,  vol.  vi.  p.  400.  With  respect  to  the 
crown  of  sea  weed,  if  sea  weed  it  be,  I  have  neither  expla- 
nation nor  conjecture  to  offer. 

GEORGE  SPARKES. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Numismatic  Chronicle. 


Weight,  22  2  grs. 

X. 

ON  AN  UNEDITED  COIN  OF  ONE  OF  THE  EARLY 
KINGS  OF  ABYSSINIA. 

Frankfort  on  the  Maine, 
bth  November,  1845. 

DEAR  SIR, —  I  have  received  through  the  medium  of  Mr. 
J.  E.  Gray,  the  impression  of  the  small  gold  coin  of  an 
Abyssinian  king,  which  I  pointed  out  to  you  among  the 
unclassed  medals  of  the  British  Museum.  Having  exa- 
mined this  impression  carefully,  I  think  I  can  refer  the 
coin  to  one  of  the  rulers  of  Axum,  a  list  of  whom  I  pub- 
lished in  the  second  volume  of  my  Travels  in  Abyssinia. 


122  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

There  can  be  scarcely  any  doubt,  that  the  coin  in  ques- 
tion dates  its  origin  to  the  century  in  which  Aphidas  reigned 
in  Axum,  A.  D.  530  —  542,  its  workmanship  so  much  re- 
sembling the  gold  coin  of  this  king  I  published  in  my 
Travels  (pi.  viii.  fig.  6).  The  description  of  the  coin  belong- 
ing to  the  British  Museum  would  be  — 

Obv.  —  Crowned  head,  turned  to  the  right,  between  two  ears  ;  a 
sword  in  the  right  hand,  surrounded  by  the  inscrip- 
tion, 


Asa(hel)  Bas(ileos)     Sin  (?)        Thach^?)' 

Rev.  —  Shaved  head,  turned  to  the  right,  between  two  ears  ;  in 
the  right  hand  three  leaves. 


Gebise.  Ian.          Alph. 

The  second  successor  of  Aphidas  bore  the  name  Esahel 
(No.  45  of  my  list,  vol.  ii.  p.  346).  He  reigned  only  two 
months,  and  seems  to  have  been  put  aside  by  his  minister,  or 
servant,  Egabes.  The  former  is  figured  and  named  in  the 
obverse  of  the  medal;  the  second  in  the  reverse.  Ian 
Alph  is  most  probably  an  adoptive  name  which  Gabes 
assumed.  Since  he  has  no  crown  on  his  head,  he  seems  to 
have  governed  as  a  substitute  of  the  legitimate  sovereign 
Asahel.  The  adoptive  names,  Ian  and  Aelaf,  were  used  by 
several  Abyssinian  kings;  for  example,  Johannes  (No  125 
of  my  list)  was  named  Aelaf  Saged. 

I  hope  this  short  notice  may  be  of  service  to  you  ;  it  is 
given  by  me  as  mere  conjecture.  I  am  yours  most  obliged, 

D.  EDWARD  RUPPELL. 

To  SAMUEL  BIRCH,  Esq.,  British  Museum. 

[This  coin  was  obtained  from  Colonel  Claude  Steuart,  who  pro- 
cured it  at  Aden.  The  weight  of  these  coins  corresponds  with 
that  of  the  small  gold  coins  of  Justin,  weighing  '23.2  grs.  The 
drawing  having  been  made  from  a  cast,  is  unfortunately  reversed  ; 
the  description  is,  however,  correct.] 

1  The  meaning  of  Sin  Thach  I  do  not  know, 


123 


MISCELLANEA. 


COINS  OF  THE  CONQUEROR  DISCOVERED  AT  YORK. — In  the 
month  of  August  last,  I  spent  a  day  or  two  in  the  city  of  York, 
and  endeavoured  to  ascertain  all  the  circumstances  of  a  discovery 
which  had  been  accidentally  made  a  few  months  before,  of  a 
number  of  pennies  of  William  the  Conqueror.  I  was  informed, 
that,  in  digging  out  the  foundation  of  a  house  near  Jubbergate,  a 
number  of  silver  coins  were  found,  which  turned  out  to  be  pennies 
of  the  Conqueror,  of  type  No.  234  of  the  Silver  Coins  of 
England.  It  was  said,  that  the  total  number  discovered  was  about 
600  ;  but  with  the  able  assistance  of  Mr.  Wellbeloved,  who  took 
much  pains  to  assist  me,  I  could  obtain  a  sight  of  only  167  ;  and 
I  am  therefore  inclined  to  believe,  that  the  total  number  found  is 
somewhat  less  than  that  stated  above.  I  have  given  below  a  list 
of  the  moneyers  and  mints,  with  the  number  of  their  respective 
coins  ;  by  which  it  will  be  seen,  that  by  far  the  greater  number 
have  been  struck  at  York,  as  might  be  expected,  especially  as  all 
the  pieces  seem  to  have  suffered  in  some  degree  from  wear,  and 
must,  therefore,  probably  have  been  withdrawn  from  the  local 
circulation  of  the  place  where  they  were  deposited.  It  will  be 
perceived,  that  amongst  the  moneyers  of  even  this  small  number, 
twenty-eight  names  are  not  mentioned,  or  are  differently  spelt,  in 
Ruding. 

With  these  there  was  one  penny  with  a  profile  head;  but  I  was 
not  able  to  procure  a  sight  of  it,  and  cannot  therefore  say  what 
was  the  type. 

There  was  also  one  penny  of  Edward  the  Confessor. 

SIEG....  ON  BEDEFO 

2.  COLBRAN  -  DVRRI 

2.  ORDRIC  —  GLEPECEI 

GODRIC  —  HAMTV 

GODRIC  —  HAMTI 
2.  SPETMAN  -  AMT 

2.  BRIHTRIC  —  HERE 

2.  GODRIC  —  HVNTI 

3.  AELFPEARD  —  LEHI 

2.  ^LFSI  —  LEGECI 

FRITHCIGT  —  LEI 

LIERI.  —  LERECE 

ANEMVND  —  LI 


124 


NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


E...PINE 

2.  GIFEL 

3.  IELNER 

3.  OVTHGRIM 
SEFPARD 

2.  PVLSI 
AELFS1 
AELEFSIC 

2.  AELPINE 
AEOLFSI 

4.  ALDGAR 
ALDOVR 
ELDOVR 

2.  EADPINE 
EALDGAR 

4.  IDEN 

3.  GODRIC 
2.  GODRIC 

GODRIIC 

2.  GODPINE 
GODP1NE 
EADPINE 
LIOFOLD 
ELFSI 
FORN 

3.  ELFPI 
PVLFPI 
DERMON 

3.  COLENIC 
ERVN 
CINRIC 

3.  GODPINE 
....O.... 
OLPVRN 
GODRIC 

2.  SEFAR 

ERSTNER 
2.  ALEIF 

4.  ANTHOLF 
26.  ANTHOLF 

4.  ARCETEL 
2.  HARTHVL 
2.  LEIGSING 
7.  OVTHBEORN 
2.  OVTHGRIM 
ROSFETEL 


ON  LI 

—  LINCO 

—  LINCO 

—  LING 

—  LIN 

—  LINCO 

—  LVNDEN 
— LVNDEN 

—  LVNDEN 

—  LVNDEN 

—  LVN 

—  LVN 

—  LVND 

—  LVNI 

—  LVN 

—  LVNDENI 

—  LVNDE 

—  LVNDI 

—  LVNDNE 

—  LVNDI 

—  LVNI 

—  NORTH 

—  NOR 

—  SNOT 

—  SNOTI 

—  OXEFORD 

—  OXEN 

—  STA 

—  TAMVN 

—  TAMP 

—  +IEOTNF,  i.e.  Thetford 

—  THEOT 

—  THEOTFOR 

—  THETOI 

—  PILTVN 

—  PILTVI 

—  PIHR 

—  EOFERD 

—  EO 

—  EOFE 

—  EOF 

—  EOF 

—  EO 

—  EO 

—  EOFE 

—  EO 


MISCELLANEA.  125 

SPEARTCOL  ON  EO 

SPEATCOL  —  EO 

19.  THORR  —  EOFER 

9.  THORR  —  EOFEKD 

2.  VLFCETEL  —  EO 

MANNA  —  ...AM. 

NAMES  DIFFERING  FROM   RUDING'S  LIST. 

^LFPEAUD  EALDGAR  LEIGS1NG 

AKLEFSIC  ELDOVR  L1OFOLD 

AEOLFSI  ELFPI  OLPVRN 

ALDOVR  ERSTNER  ORDRIC 

ANEMVND  ERVN  PVLSI 

ARCETEL  HARTHVL  SEFAR 

BRIHTRIC  FRITHCIGT  SPEARTCOL 

COLBRAN  IDEN  SPEATCOL 

COLENIC  IELNER  VLFCETEL. 
DERMON 


NUMISMATIC  SCRAPS.— No.  III. 

Sion  College,  October  11,  1845. 

SINCE  I  last  wrote  to  you,  some  new   coins   have  fallen   in  my 
way,  which  I  think  sufficiently  interesting-  to  describe  to  you  : — 

I.  A  penny,   which   I   hesitate  not  to   ascribe   to   Henry  IV.' 
and  to  one  of  his  earlier  coinages.     It  is  very  much  clipped,  on 
one  side  down  to  the  inner  circle,  and  is  worn  considerably  about 
the  edges  ;  but  in  spite  of  this  it  weighs  14J  grs.,  and  must  have 
weighed  18  when  perfect.      The  workmanship,  too,  is  that  of  an 
period  earlier   than    Henry  VI.,  the  head  and  hair  precisely  like 
that  of  the  last  coinage  of  Richard  II. ;  and  the  reverse  almost  a 
fac  simile  of  the  Durham  penny  of  that  king.     The  letters  are 
old  English,  and  where  the  N  can  be  decyphered,  it  is  not  the 
Roman  N  which  is  employed. 

Obv.— HENRICVS  *****.      On  the  right  of  the   crown,  a 

star ;  on  the  left,  an  annulet,  or  pellet. 
ft_*****     DVNOLM.     Cross  and  pellets,  as  usual. 
I  think  the  weight  and  workmanship  of  this  coin,  both  on  the 
obverse  and  reverse,  justify  its  attribution  to  Henry  IV.  ;  and  it 
presents  us  with  a  new  mint  of  that  sovereign,  and  an  instance 
earlier  than  any  yet  known,  in  which  private  marks  are  placed  by 
the  sides  of  the  crown. 

II.  A  specimen  of  the  heavy  groat  of  Henry  IV.      This  coin, 
like  the  other,  is  clipoed.     Indeed  it  is  cut  down  to  the  middle  of 

VOL.    VIII.  S 


126  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 

the  outer  legend  all  round,  yet  it  weighs  60  grs.     Here,  too,  as  in 

the  former  case,  the  old  English  N  is  substituted  for  the  Roman  N. 

Obv.— HENRIC,    DI     GRA.    REX   ANGL.   Z  FRANC. 

Head  resembling  that  of  Richard  II.      MM.  cross. 
R—POSV1,  etc.     CIVITAS  LONDON.     Crosses  between 
the  words. 

III.  A  penny  of  the  first  coinage  of  Edward  IV.  clipped  con- 
siderably, but  otherwise  well  preserved.     Weight,  12  grs.     MM. 
Cross. 

Obv.— EDWARD  DEL  GRA.  REX  ANGLI. 

R— CIVITAS  LONDON.     Cross  and  pellets,  as  usual. 

IV.  A  halfpenny  of  the  heavy  coinage  of  Henry  IV.     Weight, 
8  grs.  nearly,  more  than  7|  (clipped). 

Obv.— HENRIC VS  REX  **#. 
R— CIVITAS  LONDON. 

These  coins  are  all  remarkable  for  being  cut  down  to  the  exact 
weight  of  a  subsequent  coinage,  but  exhibiting  at  the  same  time, 
by  the  extent  to  which  they  have  been  clipped,  that  they  belonged 
to  an  earlier  and  weightier  issue.  There  seems  to  have  been  a 
determination  not  to  reduce  any  of  the  coins  in  question  below 
the  legal  weight  of  the  last  coinage  current,  when  the  clipping 
took  place.  May  it  not  have  been  done  by  authority  ? 

I  have  also  been  fortunate  enough  to  obtain  specimens  of  two 
open  crown  pennies  of  Henry  VIL,  but  as  they  are  engraved  in 
Mr.  Hawkins'  work  (367)  (370),  they  only  serve  to  confirm  the 
accuracy  of  that  excellent  treatise. 

V.  A  York  half-groat  of    Henry  VII.'s  second  coinage,  resem- 
bling the  London  ones,  with  the  open  crown,  MM.  lis.     On  the 
breast,  a  lis  ;  in  centre  of  reverse  a  lozenge,  inclosing  a  pellet ; 
before,  CIVI,  and  EBO,  and  after  T AS,  roses;  rose  also  after 
MEVM. 

Obv.— HENRIC.  DI.  GRA.  REX  AGL.  Z  FRA. 
R— POSVI,  etc.     CIVITAS  EBORACI. 

VI.  A  denarius  of  Augustus. 

Obv. — Head  of  Augustus.      No  legend. 

R — Temple  of  a  peculiar  form  ;  unpublished,  so  far  as  I  have 
been  able  to  ascertain.     No  legend. 

VII.  Egyptian  coin  of  Philip  the  elder  (brass  5,  ordinary  size). 
Obv.— AK.  M.  IOY.  fclAinnOS.  EYS.     Head  of  the  emperor, 

laureate. 

R — Jupiter  borne  on  an  eagle,  with  expanded  wings ;  in  the 
field,  S.  HENRY  CHRISTMAS. 

NUMISMATIC  SCRAPS.— No.  IV. 

I  CONTINUE  my  notes,   with   a   notice  of  a  coin   of    Plegrnynd. 
Ruding  gives  one  with  a  moneyer's  name,  SIGEHE1M  NOK, 


MISCELLANEA.  127 

but  suspects  that   NOR   must  be  a  blunder  for  MON.     1  am 
happy  in  being  able  to  confirm  this  idea.      I  possess  a  penny  of 
this  archbishop  in  fine  preservation,  which  reads — 
I.  Obv.—  +  PLEGMVND.  AjlCHIEP.     Small  cross. 

R. i-SIGEHELML  MON.      In  two  lines,  three   crosses 

between. 

Thus  it  appears  that  the  name,  as  well  as  the  designation  of 
the  moneyer,  was  blundered  on  the  coin  described  by  Ruding.  It 
is  singular,  too,  that  considering  the  extreme  rarity  of  the  coins  of 
Plegmund  previous  to  the  Cuerdale  find,  not  one  among  the  sixty 
specimens  there  found  should  bear  the  name  of  Sigehelm. 

II.  A  penny  of  Henry  I.,  the  most  usual  type,  three-quarter 
face,  the  reverse  presenting  a  new  moneyer,   ESTMVND  ON. 
LVND.     The  coin  is  in  a  high  state  of  preservation. 

III.  A  halfpenny  of  Edward  VI.  in  a  fine  state  of  preservation  ; 
base  metal.     Weight,  6  grains. 

Obv.— The  king's  head,  in  profile,  to  the  left.     ED.  6  D.  G. 

ROSA  SINE  SPINA. 
R_Cross  and  pellets.     CI VITAS  BRISTOLIE.     Between 

each  of  the  forks  of  the  large  cross,  a  small  cross. 
This  is  the  second  halfpenny  of  Edward  VI.  which  has  been 
made  known,  and  by  a  singular  piece  of  numismatic  good  fortune, 
both  have  been  communicated  by  me.  The  first,  which  is  of 
London,  is  now  in  the  cabinet  of  J.  B.  Bergne,  Esq.  ;  the  second, 
now  described,  in  my  own. 

IV.  A  billon  coin  of  Otacilia  Severa,  one  of  the  small  Alex- 
andrian series. 

Obv.— M.  OT2EOYHPA.  SEB.  SS.     Head  of  Ot   Severa. 
R — L.  E.     A   female    figure    to  the   knees  ;  helmeted,    and 
looking  to  the  left ;  holding  out  her  right  hand,  and 
having  a  spear  in  the  left. 

V.  A    coin  of   Volusian,   of  Alexandria  Troas  ;  size  between 
second  and  third  brass. 

Obv.— IMP.  CAES.  C.  VIBI.   AFIN.   VOLVSSIAN   (sic). 

Laureated  head  of  the  emperor. 

R — COL.  AVG.  TROAS.     A   horse  grazing,  to  the  left; 
above  the  horse,  a  man's  bust. 

VI.  Coin  of  Thurium,  much  clipped.     Weight,  108  grs.     AR.5. 
F.#. 

Obv.— Head  of  Pallas,  to  the  right ;  behind,  the  head  TIMO. 
R— eOYPION  ET$A.      A    bull,     butting,    to    the    right; 

beneath,  a  fish. 

This  coin  differs  from  the  one  described  by  Mionnet  (vol.  i. 
p.  169,  No.  661),  by  having  the  letters  TIMO,  behind  the  head, 
inclosed  in  a  kind  of  circle,  by  the  crest  of  the  helmet ;  doubtless 
an  abbreviation  of  the  magistrate's  name,  by  whose  order  the  coin 
was  struck.  HENRY  CHRISTMAS. 


128 


NUMISMATIC  PUBLICATIONS. 

FROM  THEBULLETTINO  DELL*  I  NSTITUTO  DI  CoRRISPONDENZA 
ARCHEOLOGICA. 

JANUARY  AND  FEBRUARY,  1844. — P. 21. 

Signor  Cavedoni  gives  a  very  full  notice  of  a  new  edition  of 
Riccio's  important  work,  entitled,  Le  Monete  delle  Antiche 
Famiglie  di  Roma,  etc.,  Naples,  1843,  pp.288,  4to.,  and  72 
plates,  in  which  a  great  number  of  new  coins  are  made  known, 
partly  from  the  author's  collection,  partly  communicated  by  the 
Chevalier  Borghesi,  the  celebrated  Baron  d'Ailly,  and  other  col- 
lectors. Signor  Cavedoni  adds  some  interesting  remarks  on  the 
types  of  certain  new  coins  of  various  families,  among  which  are 
those  of  Afrania,  Horatia,  Lutatia,  Minucia,  Plaetoria,  Pompeia, 
Pomponia,  Sempronia,  Servilia,  etc.  etc. 

MARCH,  1844.— P. 42. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Institute,  January  19,  Signor  Kestner 
exhibited  an  unpublished  coin  of  Tiberius,  on  the  reverse  of  which 
is  the  legend  PONTIF.  MAX.,  within  a  wreath.  It  is  to  be 
regretted,  that  no  indication  of  size  or  metal  is  given. 

P.  46. 

Signor  Cavedoni  contributes  some  remarks  on  certain  coins  of 
the  kings  of  Cyprus. 

1.  Evagoras,  Neumann,  pars  ii.  p.  106 ;  Eckhel,   D.  N.  Vet. 
p.  305  ;  and  Sestini.  Mus.  Hederv.  parsiii.  p.  72,  n.  14,  are  quoted 
to  prove  the  reading  not  to  be  always  BA,  but  sometimes  BIA, 
which   Signor    Cavedoni   supposes   to   mean   BIA0r»)e,  a  title   in 
Cyprus  equivalent  to  eWaorrje,  as  appears  from  Schleusner,  Lexic. 
N.  T.  V.  fiiaarfe. 

2.  The   coin,  reading  EY,  and  attributed   by  M.  Lenormant, 
Tresor  de  Numismatique,  pp.73— 76,   pi  31 — 32,   to  Evagoras, 
Signor  C.   thinks   may   belong    to    Eunostus,    king  of  Solus,   in 
Cyprus.     See  Athenteus,  xiii.  p.  576,  E,  as  the  coins  of  Evagoras 
usually  read  EYA. 

3.  On  a  coin  with  the  letters  MEN  (attributed  by  Borrell  to 
Menelaus),  Signor  C.  thinks,  that  the  object  called  the  double 
cross,  behind   the  head  on  the  reverse,  is  the   Phoenician  letter 
aleph,  and  supports  his  opinion  by  several  pertinent  quotations. 

4.  The  legend  NI,  on  a  coin,  Eckhel,  D-  N.  Vet.   p.  305,  he 
supposes  to  refer  to  NI0AAHN,  the  son  of  Pnytagoras,  one  of  the 
trierarchs  of  Alexander  the  Great,  Arrian,  Indie,  xviii.  8,  not  to 
Nicocles,  whose  name  is  written  NIK. 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  1*29 

5.  Obv.   Head  of  Apollo,  laurelled,  with  bow  behind,  and  BA. 
Rev.   Female  head,   diademed   and   turreted  ;  behind,   NK,   in   a 
monogram.      (Mus.  Este.)     This   coin   differs  from  four   others 
described  by  Lenormant,  Tresor,  L  c.  pi. 31,  n.16 — 18. 

6.  The  coin,   Obv.  female  head  with  long  hair,  necklace,  and 
ear-rings,  etc.  ;  behind,    IIN        Rev.   Similar    head,    with    short 
hair  ;  behind,  BA  (Mus.  Este.),  is  considered  to  be  of  Pnytagoras  ; 
as  it  is  contended  that  the  letters  IIY,  as  read  by  Borrell,  ought  to 
be  read  IIN. 

7.  Obv.  Female  head,  laurelled.     Rev.  HA.     Head  of  Diana, 
Sestini,  Mus.  Hederv.  in  Cyren.  No.  17.      This  coin,  if  not  of  the 
Pallenses  of  Cephalonia,  is  considered  to  be  probably  of  Pasicrates, 
king  of  Solus,  in    Cyprus.     Arrian,  Exp.  Alex.  ii.  22,  2.     Plu- 
tarch in  Alex.  p.  681,  D.     Signer  Cavedoni  further  considers  the 
restitution  of  these  coins  to  Cyprus,  particularly  No.  5,  to  confirm 
the  attribution  of  the  Roman  copper  money  to  that  island,  struck 
by  M.Canidius  Crassus.      See  Morell,  Famil    Rom.  Licin.  tab. 3, 
lit.  B  ;   Liebe,   Gutha  Num.  p. 393.      See  also   Signer  Cavedoni's 
further  remarks,  Bullettino,  July,  p.  1*24. 

APRIL,  1844.— P.  49. 

Contains  the  interesting  and  elaborate  arguments  at  length  of 
Dr.  Emilius  Braun,  and  Signer  Capranesi,  in  favour  of  the 
genuineness  of  the  Quinipondio  Borgiano,  said  by  Signer  Raffaello 
Gargiulo  to  be  false. 

MAY,  1844.— P.  96. 

A  notice  of  Signer  Avellino's  work,  "  Rubastinorum  Numorum 
Catalogus"  Neapol.  1844,  in  4to.  cum  tab.  2,  by  Signer  Cave- 
doni. 

This  work,  observes  Signer  C  ,  is  executed  with  the  greatest 
care.  The  coins  of  Rubastini  are  admirably  arranged  and  de- 
scribed, with  full  references  to  the  works  of  former  numismatists. 
The  perfect  resemblance  of  some  of  the  silver  coins  of  Rubastini, 
to  those  of  Metapontum  and  Tarentum,  is  referred  by  Signer 
Avellino  to  a  peculiar  monetary  system  in  Apulia,  the  result,  as 
he  supposes,  of  a  commercial  relation  with  Metapontum  and  Taren- 
tum, the  emporia  of  Magna  Grecia.  Signer  Avellino  follows 
Mr.  Millingen,  in  supposing  the  Rubastini  were  derived  from 
Rhypae,  in  Achaia. 

JULY,  1844.— P.  116. 

Dr.  Koehne  publishes  four  unedited  medallions,  in  copper,  from 
the  cabinet  of  the  Chevalier  Schmidt,  of  Berlin,  namely, 


130  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 

PERINTHUS,  IN  THRACE. 

Sep.  Severus. 

1.  Qbv.— AY.  KA....CEn.  CEYHPOC  II.     Head  of  Severus, 
to  the  right,  laurelled. 

R— $IAAAEAOEIA  HEPINGmN  NEOKOPliN.  Female 
draped  figure  standing,  with  mural  crown,  holding  in  each  hand  a 
temple.  AKTIA  IIYeiA,  in  the  field. 

Dr.  K.  traces,  with  much  research,  the  history  of  Perinthus  till 
the  time  of  Severus,  by  whom  it  was  much  favoured,  and  in 
honour  of  whom  the  public  games,  Philadelphia,  inscribed  on  the 
coin,  were  instituted.  The  female  figure  he  explains  to  represent 
the  tutelary  goddess  of  the  city,  or  the  city  itself.  The  two 
temples  are  those  dedicated  to  Apollo  and  to  the  emperor,  which 
stood  in  the  circus  of  the  city. 

Alexander  Severus. 

2.  Obv.  -AY.  K.  M.  AYP.  CEYH.  AAE#ANAPOC....Bust  of 
the  emperor,  in  the  paludamentum,  with  radiated  crown,  to  the 
right. 

R — IIEPINGmN  AIC.  NEQKOPilN.     Victory  in  a  biga. 

PHILIPPOPOLIS,  IN  THRACE. 

Caracalla. 

3.  Obv.— AYT.   K.  M.  AYP.  CEYH.  ANTONEINOC.       Lau- 
relled bust  of  the  emperor,  to  the  left,  with  the  -ZEgis. 

R— KOINON  6PAK11N  AAE#ANAPIA.  The  emperor,  on 
horseback,  to  the  right,  crowned  with  a  wreath,  clad  in  the  tunic 
and  paludamentum ;  in  his  left  hand,  the  sceptre,  his  right  raised  ; 
between  the  legs  of  the  horse,  ei;  below,™^. 

Dr.  K.  remarks,  that  this  type  of  the  emperor  on  horseback  is 
quite  unknown.  The  legend,  AAE^ANAPIA,  refers  to  the 
games  in  honor  of  Alexander  the  Great,  which  must  have  been 
instituted  by  Caracalla,  when,  during  his  visit  to  Thrace,  he  cele- 
brated the  memory  of  that  monarch. 

HERACLEA,  IN  BITHYNIA. 

4.  Obv.— TON  KTICTAN.     Bust  of  Hercules,  with  the  lion's 
skin,  and  club  on  the  right  shoulder,  to  the  right. 

R — EPAKAEQTAN.  Theatre,  full  of  spectators  ;  in  the  centre, 
a  seated  figure  of  Hercules,  opposite  whom  stands  the  victor, 
placing  a  wreath  on  his  own  head  with  his  right  hand,  and  holding, 
in  his  left,  a  palm-branch.  On  his  left  hand  is  a  temple  ;  in  the 
exergue,  MATPOC  AIIOIKflN  HOAIQN.  This  coin  Dr.  K. 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  131 

considers  to  have  been  struck,  probably,  in  the  reign  of  Gor- 
dian  III.  Cf.  Mionnet,  ii.  443,  n.174.  Dr.  K.  is  unable  to 
find,  in  any  ancient  writer,  a  notice  of  the  public  games,  to  which 
the  type  of  the  reverse  refers. ' 

AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER,  1844 — P.  153. 

Signer  Cavedoni  publishes  an  archaic  coin,  recently  brought 
from  the  coast  of  Africa,  which  he  supposes  to  be  of  Gyrene,  with 
the  type  of  the  Gardens  of  the  Hesperides.  On  the  obverse  of 
this  coin  (which  is  of  silver,  and  size  4  of  the  scale  of  Mionnet), 
are  two  objects,  like  hearts  ;  their  bases  joined  by  a  kind  of  bar, 
out  of  which,  on  each  side,  spring  objects  like  flowers.  On  the 
reverse  is  an  incuse  square,  bisected  by  a  bar,  in  one  division  of 
which  is  an  oblong  space,  containing  three  globules ;  on  each 
side  a  globule,  and  at  each  end,  three  oval  objects,  like  a  flower. 
In  the  other  oblong  division  is  a  lozenge-shaped  object,  having  a 
globule  in  the  middle,  and  at  each  end  of  w.hich  is  a  flower(?). 
Comparing  the  representation  on  this  reverse,  with  the  well-known 
reverses  called  the  Gardens  of  Alcinous,  on  the  coins  of  Corcyra, 
Apollonia,  and  Dyrrhachium,  and  also  with  the  plan  of  the  Cretan 
labyrinth  on  the  coins  of  Cnossus,  Signer  Cavedoni  conjectures 
that  it  may  represent  the  celebrated  Gardens  of  the  Hesperides, 
near  Cyrene.  The  two  objects,  like  hearts,  he  supposes  to  be 
buds  of  the  silphium. 

In  the  same  number  of  the  Bullettino,  at  p.  156,  is  a  notice  by 
Signer  Cavedoni,  of  Mr.  Millingen's  "  Supplement  aux  Considera- 
tions sur  la  Numismatique  de  V Anclenne  Italie"  Florence,  1844. 
8vo.  Pp.32,  and  2  plates. 

The  learned  writer  of  this  article  does  ample  justice  to  the 
importance  and  candour  of  the  corrections  and  additions  in  this 
valuable  supplement,  although  he  does  not  uniformly  coincide  in 
the  opinions  promulgated  by  Mr.  Millingen.  The  coins  which 
he  particularly  discusses  are  those  of  Heraclea,  Lucaniae ;  Hip- 
ponium,  and  Terina,  in  Bruttiis  ;  Uxentum,  or  Uzentum ;  Cuma, 
Campanise  ;  and  Asculum,  Apuliae. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  are  obliged  to  our  foreign  correspondents  who  occasionally 
forward  us  a  sale  catalogue  of  coins,  but  necessity  compels 
us  to  say,  that  unless  sent  by  private  hand,  the  expense  of 
carriage  is  considerable.  It  is  mortifying  to  be  compelled 
to  refuse  a  packet  containing  a  pamphlet  of  the  value,  per- 
haps, of  one  shilling,  upon  which  there  is  a  charge  of  ten, 
and  this  has  been  oar  lot  on  several  occasions. 

C.  R.     The  barbarous  imitations  of  the  Macedonian  tetradrachms 

are  not  Gaulish,  but  should  be  classed  to  Illyria,  Pannonia, 
etc.  It  does  not  follow,  that  because  a  coin  is  an  imitation 
it  is  necessarily  British  or  Gaulish. 

J.  K.  The  leaden  token,  with  "  God  save  ye  Queene,"  is  of  the 
time  of  Elizabeth,  and  is  not  uncommon. 

D.  H.     We  do  not  believe  that  the  coin  was  really  discovered 

where  it  is  stated  to  have  been,  but  the  owner  doubtless 
thinks  so.  Careless  or  unauthenticated  statements  of  "  finds" 
are  not  only  worse  than  useless — they  are  mischievous  in 
the  highest  degree,  and  lead  to  much  embarrassment  and  per- 
plexity. 


133 


XI. 


NUMISMATIC    ILLUSTRATIONS   OF   THE  NARRATIVE 
PORTIONS  OF  THE  NEW  TESTAMENT. 

BY  JOHN  YONGE  AKERMAN. 

MANY  ancient  coins,  both  Greek  and  Roman,  so  strikingly 
illustrate  the  historical,  or  narrative  portions  of  the  New 
Testament,  that  it  is  surprising  no  detailed  notice  of  these 
interesting  and  significant  monuments  has  been  undertaken 
by  some  practical  hand.  It  is  true  that  commentaries  have 
been  written  by  the  learned,  and  an  occasional  coin  has 
been  intercalated  in  their  text  by  way  of  illustration,  but, 
with  scarcely  an  exception,  they  have  been  carelessly  copied 
from  some  already  very  imperfect  engraving,  although  the 
originals  exist  in  many  public  and  private  cabinets.  The 
most  impudent  forgeries  have  also  found  a  place  among 
these  illustrations. 

It  is  with  no  desire  to  disparage  the  labours  of  those  who 
have  attempted  to  avail  themselves  of  the  evidence  to  be 
derived  from  numismatic  sources,  that  this  deficiency  is 
noticed,  but  simply  to  guard  the  inexperienced  from  being 
misled  by  representations  which  cannot  be  relied  upon. 
With  infinite  disgust  we  have  often  discovered,  in  the 
cabinets  of  collectors  of  coins,  specimens  highly  prized  by 
the  possessors  as  illustrative  of  Jewish  history,  which  the 
slightest  acquaintance  with  ancient  art  would  have  enabled 

VOL.    VIII.  T 


134  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

them,  at  a  glance,  to  pronounce  forgeries  of  the  most  clumsy 
description. 

But  the  blind  zeal  of  some  commentators  is  a  more 
serious  stumbling-block  in  the  pathway  of  the  student. 
Writers  have  been  found  indiscreet  enough,  not  only  to  cite 
false  coins  as  illustrating  their  theme,  but  also  to  publish 
explanations  opposed  to  sound  numismatic  interpretation,  at 
utter  variance  with  the  truth,  and  calculated  to  do  much 
permanent  injury  to  the  cause  they  undertake  to  advocate. 

The  aim  of  the  writer,  in  the  following  pages,  is  not  to 
prove  the  truth  of  divine  revelation  by  an  appeal  to  ancient 
monuments,  however  striking  and  significant.  He  indulges 
no  hope  of  reclaiming  one  erring  doubter  by  the  production 
of  such  representations,  however  vivid  and  curious.  Among 
those  who  are  of  that  creed,  which  teaches  them  to  receive 
the  words  of  eternal  truth  with  child-like  simplicity,  they 
may  merely  interest  or  amuse,  but  they  cannot  fail  to  shew 
to  «//,  that  the  inspired  penmen  of  the  New  Testament 
Scriptures  wrote  of  the  times  in  which  they  or  their  imme- 
diate predecessors  lived,  agreeing  "not  only  in  articles  of 
public  history,  but  sometimes  in  minute,  recondite,  and  very 
peculiar  circumstances,  in  which,  of  all  others,  a  forger  is 
most  likely  to  have  been  found  tripping." 1 

The  following  descriptions  were  originally  written  and 
mingled  with  other  foot-notes  of  an  historical  character  for 
an  edition  of  the  New  Testament,  but  the  printing  of  the 
entire  text  being  found  too  expensive,  the  design  has  been 
abandoned,  and  the  numismatic  illustrations  are  here  given 
by  themselves. 

1  Paley.     Evidences,  part  ii.  ch.  vi. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT. 


135 


§1. — COINS  OF  HEROD  THE  GREAT  AND  ARCHELAUS. 


THE  following  coins  are  classed  to  this  prince  by  Mion- 
net: — 

1.  Obv. — HPHAHC.     A  bunch  of  grapes. 

R. — GGNAPXOY.  A  helmet,  with  cheek-pieces:  on  one 
side  a  small  caduceus.  (Liebe,  p.  139.)  ^E  3.  R  4. 

2.  Obv.— HPilAOY.     A  bunch  of  grapes. 

R. — eeNAPXOY.  A  helmet,  as  on  No.  1.;  on  one  side,  a 
small  caduceus.  JEi.3.  R.4. 

3.  Obv.— HP&AOY.     A  bunch  of  grapes. 

R. — GGNAPXOY.  A  caduceus.  (From  the  Chamillard 
Cabinet.)  ^E.3.  R.5. 

4.  Obv.— BAEIA.  HPW.      An  anchor. 

R. — No  legend.  Two  cornucopia  and  a  caduceus,  crossed 
saltier  wise.  JE,.3.  R.4. 

5.  Obv. — The  Macedonian  shield. 

R. — BA2IAEliS  HP&AOY.  A  helmet,  with  cheek  pieces ; 
in  the  field,  61  (year)  15.  ^E.5.  R.5. 

6.  Obv. — Another,  without  date.     M.5.     R.4. 

7.  Obv. — A  helmet;  on  one  side,  a  palm  branch. 

R. — BASIAEilS  HPiiAOY.  An  altar,  with  the  fire 
kindled:  in  the  field,  L.F  (year  3  of  Herod's  reign), 
and  a  monogram.  JE.6.  R4. 

8.  Obv. — Another,  similar.     ./E.G.     R.4. 

The  coin  engraved  above  appears   to    be   a   variety  of 
the  last  number.     The  altar,  if  such  is  the  object  intended 


136  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

to  be  represented,  is  of  a  tripod  form,  and  there  are  two 
branches  and  a  star,  a  most  remarkable  type,  when  the 
great  event  of  the  first  Herod's  reign  is  taken  into  considera- 
tion. It  appears  doubtful,  however,  whether  all  the  above 
coins  belong  to  Herodes  Magnus.  He  was  first  made  a 
tetrarch  by  Antony,  who  subsequently  obtained  for  him,  of 
the  Koman  Senate,  the  title  of  king ;  and  it  does  not  appear 
that  he  ever  bore  that  of  Ethnarch ;  while  the  coin  here 
engraved  is  of  a  different  size  and  workmanship,  and  bears 
the  legend  HPQAOY  E0NAPXO(Y),  i.  e.  (money)  of  Herod, 
Ethnarch. 


It  is  proposed,  therefore,  to  assign  this  example  to 
Herod's  successor,  whom  the  Evangelist  calls  Archelaus. 
This  prince  was  the  son  of  Herod  the  Great,  by  a  Syrian 
woman  named  Malthace.  His  father  disinherited  him,  in 
consequence  of  the  false  accusations  of  his  eldest  brother, 
Antipater;  but  the  treachery  of  that  prince  being  dis- 
covered, he  was  put  to  death  by  order  of  Herod,  at  the 
time  of  the  massacre  of  the  innocents;2  and  Herod,  making 
a  new  will,  appointed  Archelaus  his  successor,  with  the 
title  of  King,  a  title  which  he  refused  to  accept,  until  he 
had  submitted  his  claim  to  Augustus;  for  which  purpose 
he  proceeded  to  Rome,  where  he  succeeded  in  obtaining 
the  style  of  Ethnarch  only,  and  was  appointed  governor  of 

2  It  was  on  this  occasion  that  Augustus  is  said  to  have  uttered 
the  sarcasm,  "  Melius  est  Herodis  porcum  esse  quam  filium!" 
It  is  better  to  be  one  of  Herod's  swine  than  his  son. — Macrobius, 
Saturnalia  lib.  ii.  c.  4. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  137 


Judaea,  Samaria,  and  Idumaea.  The  word  ftaaiXevei,  (did 
reign)3,  must  not,  however,  be  objected  to;  for  when  Arche- 
laus  preferred  his  claim,  it  was  alleged  that  he  had  already 
exercised  the  kingly  prerogative,  and  that  this  submission 
to  Augustus  was  an  affectation  of  deference  to  the  emperor. 
Besides  this,  Josephus4  speaks  of  the  province  governed  by 
Lysanias,  which  was  a  tetrarchy  only,  as  "  the  kingdom  of 
Lysanias"  —  /BacrCkeiav  rrjv  Avcaviov.  The  government  of 
Archelaus  was  so  tyrannical,  that  the  Jews  accused  him 
before  Augustus,  who  banished  him  to  Vienne,  in  Gaul, 
where  he  died.  The  coins  of  Antipas  bear  the  name  of 
Herod  only;  and  the  conjecture  that  Archelaus  also  bore  it 
as  a  ruler,  and  that  it  was  common  to  the  Herodian  family, 
receives  something  like  confirmation  from  Dion  Cassius, 
who  calls  him  ' 


§2. — COIN    OF    SYRIA   IN    GENEEE. 

The  phrase,  "  throughout  all  Syria,"6  is  illustrated  by  an 
interesting,  and  not  uncommon  coin  of  the  province  of 
Syria,  with  the  legend  of  the  reverse  in  the  generic  form,  a 


not   unfrequent   practice    among    the    Greeks.     The   piece 
here  engraved  bears  on  the  obverse  the  legend  AYTOKparw/o 

3  Matthew  ii.  22.  4  Bell.  Jud.  lib.ii.  c.xi.  §  5. 

5  Lib.lv.  p. 567,  ed.1606. 

H   Eig  o'Xr/i/  rt]v  Svptav.      Matt.  iv.  24. 


138  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

KAICa,o  NEPova  TPAIANOC  CEBa<m>c  rGPMavtKog,  i.e.,  the 
Emperor  Caesar  Nerva  Trajanus  Augustus  Germanicus.  The 
female  head  typifies  the  province,  and  the  legend  is  KO1NON 
CTP1AC,  i.e.  the  community  of  Syria. 


§3. — OF    THE    WORDS    RENDERED 

Although  the  word  'A&crapiov,  in  Matthew,7  and  in 
Luke,8  are,  hereafter,  with  KoSpavTys,9  rendered  in  our 
version  of  the  New  Testament  indifferently  "  farthing,"  it 
nevertheless  cannot  be  objected  to.  The  Assarion,  or 
Assarius,  a  term  derived  from  the  Latin,  As,  Assis,  appears 
to  have  been  adopted  by  some  Greek  cities,  when  under  the 
Roman  dominion.  Its  size  and  weight,  which  were  pro- 
bably accommodated  to  those  of  the  obolus,  must  have 
differed  at  various  periods,  and  in  different  cities.  The 
whole  subject  of  the  relative  value  of  Greek  coins  is  one 
of  the  most  perplexing  questions  in  numismatics.  Thus, 
though  the  coin  here  engraved  is  indubitably  a  specimen  of 


the  Assarion,  struck  in  the  island  of  Chios,  we  find  others, 
similar  in  fabric,  and  of  the  same  nominal  value,  twice  as 
large  in  weight  and  circumference.  The  multiples  of  the 


7  Matt.  x.  29.  8  Lukexii.6. 

9  Matt.  v.  26.     Markxii.42. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  139 

Assarion  struck  at  Chios,  and  inscribed  with  their  designa- 
tion AYO  and  TPIA,  frequently  bear  no  relative  proportion 
to  each  other.  The  coins  of  the  numerous  cities  of  Judaea 
and  Phoenicia,  doubtless,  circulated  at  Jerusalem  in  the 
time  of  our  Lord's  ministry ;  and  it  is  not  improbable  that 
the  brass  pieces  struck  by  Simeon  the  high  priest,  in  the 
time  of  the  Syrian  king  Antiochus  Soter,  140  B.C.  (Macca- 
bees, i.  25),  continued  to  be  current  in  the  Holy  City;  but 
these  bear  no  indication  of  their  value.  Being  especially 
Jewish  money,  and  bearing  the  impression  of  no  pagan  idol, 
they  would  naturally  be  preferred  before  the  Greek  coins, 
which  bore  the  representation  of  objects  held  in  abhorrence 
by  the  Jews.  The  Chian  Assarion  here  given,  from  a 
specimen  in  the  British  Museum,  bears  on  one  side  a  sphinx, 
with  the  word  XKiN,  i.  e.  (money)  of  the  people  of  Chios. 
Reverse,  an  amphora  between  two  stars,  and  the  denomina- 
tion ACCAPION.  A  half  Assarion,  bearing  the  words 
ACCAPION  HMYCY  (tffuavs),  is  also  represented;  but  it  will 
be  perceived  that  it  is  of  the  same  size  as  the  Assarion. 


§4. — "A    PENNY    A    DAY." — Matt.  XX.  2. 

The  penny  here  mentioned  was  the  denarius,  which,  at 
the  time  of  our  Lord's  ministry,  was  equivalent  in  value  to 
about  sevenpence  half-penny  of  our  money.  With  the 
decline  of  the  Roman  empire,  the  denarius  was,  by  degrees, 


140  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

debased;  and,  before  the  time  of  Diocletian,  had  entirely 
disappeared,  or,  rather,  had  ceased  to  be  struck  in  the 
imperial  mints;  but  this  emperor  restored  the  coinage  of 
silver,  and  denarii  were  again  minted,  though  reduced 'in 
weight.  This  reduction  went  on  after  the  division  of  the 
empire,  until  the  denarius,  once  a  very  beautiful  medalet, 
became  a  coin  of  very  inferior  execution,  low  relief,  and 
reduced  thickness  and  weight.  On  the  model  of  these 
degenerated  coins  some  of  the  types  of  our  Anglo-Saxon 
money  were  struck,  under  the  denomination  of  penny,  and 
of  the  weight  of  twenty-four  grains:  hence  the  term 
"  penny- weight."  The  weight  of  these  pennies  declined 
before  the  Norman  Conquest;  and,  in  subsequent  reigns, 
they  were  gradually  reduced  until  the  time  of  Elizabeth, 
when  the  penny  in  silver  was  a  mere  spangle,  as  it  is  at  this 
day.  The  term  "  denarius"  is  yet  preserved  in  our  notation 
of  pounds,  shillings,  and  pence,  by  £.  s.  d.  The  relative 
value  of  money  in  ancient  and  modern  times  is  a  subject  of 
much  difficulty  of  illustration,  and  need  not  be  discussed 
here;  but  it  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  in  this  country  a 
penny  a  day  appears  to  have  been  the  pay  of  a  field  labourer 
in  the  middle  ages;  while  among  the  Romans  the  daily  pay 
of  a  soldier  was  a  denarius. 10 


§5. — COINS   OF    TYRE   AND    SIDON. 

Of  these  great  and  famous  cities  of  antiquity  we  have 
many  numismatic  monuments,  the  types  of  which  shew  that 
idol  worship  reigned  in  them.  Though  often  in  the  neigh  - 


10  Tacitus,  Ann.  lib.  i.  c.  17. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  141 

bourhood  of  both,  our  Lord  appears  not  to  have  entered 
within  them.  In  the  mention  of  these  cities  in  the  same 
sentence  with  Bethsaida  and  Chorazin,  he  seems  to  allude 
to  the  idolatrous  practices  of  the  people.  Even  an  outline 
of  the  histories  of  Tyre  and  Sidon  could  not  be  comprised 
in  this  article.  Specimens  of  their  earliest  known  coins  are 
here  given;  but  these  are  not  anterior  to  the  days  of  the 
Seleucidse,  who  struck  money  in  both  these  cities  on  the 
same  model.  The  first  is  a  tetradrachm  of  Tyre,  with  the 
laureated  head  of  Hercules,  the  Baal  or  lord  of  their  city;11 
reverse,  an  eagle  standing  on  a  rudder.  Legend:  TYPOY 
IEPAS  KAI  ASYAOY,  i.  e.  (money)  of  Tyre  the  holy  and 


inviolable.     In  the  field  are  a  monogram,  and  the  characters 
61,  i.  e.  year  19  of  the  era  of  the  Seleucidae. 

11  Arrian.  Exped.  lib.  ii.  c.  1 6.  "  Among  the  people  of  Phoeni- 
cian origin,"  observe  MM.  Lindberg  and  Falbe,  "  Baal  (Molok), 
and  Melkart  (Hercules)  were,  without  doubt,  different  divinities ; 
but  both  ancient  and  modern  authors  have  confounded  them. 
The  cause  of  this  confusion  was  evidently  the  sense  of  the  word 
^>jn  '  Dominus]  signifying  the  supreme  or  tutelar  divinity  of  the 
city.  The  Phoenician  inscription,  found  at  Melita,  shews,  beyond 
doubt,  that  Melkart  (Hercules)  was  the  Baal  of  Tyre  ITTp^p 
"IV  ^JD." — Annonce  cFun  ouvrage  sur  les  Medailles  de  VAncienne 
Afrique,  p.  18.  This  was  well  understood  by  Milton,  who  says  of 
the  divinities  of  these  countries,  that  they 


had  general  names 


Of  Baalim  and  Ashtaroth ;  those  males, 
These  feminine." — Paradise  Lost,  b.  i.  1.421. 


VOL.    VIII.  U 


142 


NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 


This  is  probably  an  example  of  the  pieces  mentioned  by 
Josephus12  as  coins  of  Tyre,  containing  four  attic  drachmas. 
The  titles  of  "  holy,"  or  "  sacred  and  inviolable,"  boasted 
by  many  Greek  cities,  and  pompously  inscribed  on  their 
coins,  were  probably  of  service  to  Tyre  and  Sidon  at  a  later 
period,  when  Cleopatra  endeavoured  to  persuade  Antony 
to  give  her  those  cities. 13 

The  other  coin  is  of  Sidon,  and  of  the  same  denomination. 
The  obverse  bears  a  turreted  female  head,  personifying  the 
city;  the  reverse  has  the  eagle  and  palm  branch,  with  the 
legend,  SIAONI&N  THS  IEPAS  KAI  ASTAOY,  i.  e.  (money) 
of  the  Sidonians  the  holy  and  inviolable;  with  a  monogram, 
and  the  date  L.  AH,  the  81st  year  of  the  era  of  the  Seleucidaa. 


§6. — "WHOSE  is  THIS  IMAGE  AND  SUPERSCRIPTION?" 

Although  the  money  of  Augustus  was,  doubtless,  circu- 
lating in  Judaea  at  this,  and  at  a  much  later  period,  we  may 
reasonably  suppose  that  the  denarius  exhibited  on  this  occa- 
sion bore  the  effigies  of  the  Caesar  then  reigning,  namely, 
Tiberius.  The  titles  of  Caesar  and  Augustus  were  common 
to  all  the  Roman  emperors,  as  their  coins  testify.  The 

12  Bell.  Jud.  lib.ii.  c.  21.  §2. 
18  Joseph.  Ant.  lib.  xv.  c.  4.  §  1. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT. 


143 


names  of  Caius  (Caligula),  and  Tiberius,  being  given  in  a 
contracted  form,  the  former  denoted  by  C  only,  the  latter 
by  XI,  as  in  the  example  here  given,  while  the  word  C^SAR 
'is  given  at  length.  There  is  a  denarius  of  Tiberius  much 
more  common  than  all  the  rest,  and  the  numerous  examples 
yet  remaining,  and  repeatedly  found  in  almost  every  country 
included  within  the  Roman  empire,  shew  that  this  particular 
type  must  have  been  struck  more  frequently,  and  was  in 
more  general  circulation  than  the  others.  It  is  extremely 
probable,  therefore,  that  the  coin  submitted  to  our  Lord's 
inspection  was  of  this  common  type.  The  engraving  here 
given  is  from  an  unusually  fine  specimen.  It  bears  on  one 
side  the  portrait  of  Tiberius,  with  the  legend  Tlberitts 
CAESAR.  DIVI.  AVG.  F.  AVGVSXVS.  i.  e.  Tiberius  Casar, 
Son  of  the  Divine  Augustus.  The  reverse  has  a  seated  female 
figure,  holding  the  hasta  and  an  olive  branch,  the  legend 
being  a  continuation  of  the  Emperor's  titles,  PONXIFeo; 
MAXIMA. 


The  reply  to  the  question,  (ot  Be  elirav  avra>  KAISAPOS;) 
is  aptly  illustrated  by  a  small  brass  coin  circulating  in 
Judaea  at  this  period. 


The  obverse  has  the  type  of  a  palm-tree  with  fruit,  •  and 
the  Greek  numerals,  L.  A9.  i.  e.  \vKaftas  \0,  year  39,  from 


144  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 

the  battle  of  Actium.  The  reverse  bears  an  ear  of  corn, 
and  the  legend  KAICAPOC,  i.e.  (money)  of  Casar,  or 
Casar's. 

§  7 — «  THE   HOLY   CITY." 

This  was  the  common  appellation  6f  Jerusalem,  and  the 
epithet,  nfcmp  Kadusha,  is  constantly  found  on  the  Jewish 
money.  An  example  is  here  given  of  the  shekel  of  the  age 
of  the  Maccabees,  the  type  of  which  exactly  resembles  that 
of  the  half  shekel,  or  didrachma. 


The  Samaritan  legend  of  the  obverse  is  expressed  by  the 
Hebrew  characters,  h$r\W  h\)W  i-  e.  the  shekel  of  Israel ;  that 
of  the  reverse  by  n^llpn  D^HJW  i.  e.  Jerusalem  the  holy. 

It  has  been  held  that  Herodotus  speaks  of  Jerusalem  under 
the  name  Cadytis,  KCL&VTLOS  TroXio?;14  and  that  the  victory 
obtained  by  Necho,  king  of  Egypt,  described  by  that  histo- 
rian, and  the  subsequent  capture  of  Cadytis,  the  great  city 
of  Syria,  KaSimv  TTO\LV  7779  2vpia<$  eovaav  /^eyaX^jv  elXe, 
compared  with  the  account  of  the  defeat  of  Josiah,  and  the 
events  which  follow,15  leave  no  doubt  that  Cadytis  and 
Jerusalem  denote  the  same  city. 16  This,  however,  has 
been  objected  to;  and  it  has  been  maintained,  that  a  mere 
epithet  would  not  have  given  a  name  to  a  city ;  but  it  is 

14  Thalia,  c.  5.  15  2  Kings  xxiii.  33,  34. 

16  Lightfoot,  Chorograph.  Decad.  §  vi. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  145 

worthy  of  observation,  that  the  Evangelist  Matthew  styles 
Jerusalem  "  the  holy  city,"  even  after  the  murder  of  our 
Lord.17  The  modern  Arabic  name,  El  Rods,  favours  the 
supposition,  that  Kadusha  was  the  name  by  which  Jerusalem 
was  known  to  the  ancients,  the  termination  being  altered, 
to  agree  with  the  Greek  pronunciation. 


§8. — THE    TRIBUTE-MONEY. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  remind  the  scholar,  that  in  the 
original  of  the  passage,  rendered  in  our  version  of  the  New 
Testament,  Doth  not  your  master  pay  tribute?  mention  is 
made  of  the  didrachma.18  This  was  the  half -shekel,  which 
the  Jews  were  commanded  to  pay  yearly  for  the  support 
of  the  temple.19  On  the  taking  of  Jerusalem  by  the 
Komans,  they  were  compelled  to  pay  this  sum  to  Jupiter 
Capitolinus.20 

The  hemi-staters  current  in  Syria  at  this  time,  in  all 
probability  were  occasionally  used  for  the  half-shekel, 
the  stater  being  equal  to  the  shekel.21  But  as  the  half- 
shekel,  struck  at  an  earlier  period,  was  doubtless  still  in 
circulation,  and  examples  have  been  preserved  to  this  day, 
an  engraving  of  one  of  these  coins  is  here  given.  It  bears, 
on  the  obverse,  the  legend  in  Samaritan  characters  h\>wr\  »(¥)n 
i.  e.  ghatsee  hashehkel,  and  the  figure  of  a  cup,  above  which 


17  Matt,  xxvii.  53. 
*  'O  3i3a<T/c«A.oe  vjuwv  ov  reXet  TCI  ^joa^jua.     Matt.  xvii.  24. 

19  Exod.  xxx.  13. 

20  Xiphilin.  Ix. ;  Joseph.  Bell.  Jud.vii.  6.  §  6. 

21  This  is  shewn  by  Christ's  words,  "  Thou  shalt  find  a  piece 
of  money  (tvptjoretg  orarj/pa) :    take  that,  and  give  unto  them  for 
me  and  thee." — Matt.  xvii.  27. 


146 


NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


is  the  letter  N,  denoting  the  year  (the  first)  of  the  reign  of 
Simon  Maccabeus.22 


The  reverse  has  the  budding  rod,  and 
salem  the  holy. 


Jeru 


§9.  —  COIN   OF    C^ESAREA   PHILIPPI.  —  Matt.  xvi.  13. 

The  more  common  name  of  this  city  was  Ccesarea  Panias, 
from  the  worship  of  the  tutelar  deity  Pan,  who  is  figured 
on  many  of  its  coins,  of  which  specimens  exist  from  the 
time  of  Augustus  to  the  days  of  Elagabalus.  It  was  com- 
prised in  the  tetrarchy  of  Iturea,  and  was  anciently  called 
Dan  ;  but  Philip,  having  enlarged  and  improved  it,  gave  it 
the  name  of  Csesarea,  in  honour  of  the  emperor:  and,  to 
distinguish  it  from  other  cities  of  the  same  name,  it  was 
called  Csesarea  Philippi,  though,  on  the  coins  of  Augustus, 
as  in  the  specimen  here  given,  the  city  is  indicated  by  the 
letters  CA,  Ccesarea  Augusta.  These  coins  must  have  been 
in  circulation  at  the  time  of  our  Lord's  visit  to  that  district. 


22  Maccab.  xiv. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  147 

This  coin  was  erroneously  ascribed  to  Csesaraugusta  in 
Spain,  by  the  earlier  numismatic  writers, 


§  10. — "  THERE  WILL  THE  EAGLES  BE  GATHERED 

TOGETHER." — Matt.  xxiv.  28. 

Nothing  can  illustrate  the  force  and  significance  of  this 
metaphor  better  than  the  type  of  many  of  the  coins  struck 
by  the  Komans  in  the  various  cities  subject  to  them. 
Jerusalem  was  soon  to  become  the  prey  of  a  nation,  whose 
thirst  for  blood  and  conquest  was  insatiable.  It  will  be 
seen  by  the  two  tetradrachms  of  Tyre  and  Sidon,  that  the 
eagle,  being  a  type  of  kingly  power,  was  a  favourite  badge 
of  the  Syrian  monarchs.  There  is  a  whole  series  of  the 
legionary  denarii  of  Antony  bearing  representations  of  the 
Roman  ensigns  surmounted  by  the  eagle;  and  as  they  are 
to  this  day  very  common,  and  are  found  repeatedly  in  the 
East,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  they  were  circulating  in 
Judaea  in  the  days  of  our  Lord's  ministry,  bearing  the 
appropriate  symbols  of  conquest  and  possession.23 

These  ensigns  were  objects  of  especial  horror  and  disgust 
to  the  Jews,  not  only  as  evidence  of  their  subjection  and 
degradation,  but,  also  as  the  idols  of  the  legions,  by  whom 
they  were  regarded  with  the  greatest  veneration.24 


23  The  legionary  eagles  are  a  perpetual  type  of  Roman  colo- 
nial coins. 

24  See  Josephus  Bell.  Jud.  lib.  ii.  c.  ix.  §  3,  for  an  account  of 
the  tumult  on  Pilate's  bringing  the  legionary  ensigns  to  Jerusalem. 


148  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


§11.  —  "THE  COUNTRY  OF  THE  GADAKENES."  — 
Mark  v.  1  . 


In  Matthew25  %c6/oav  TWV  Tep^eo-Tjvwv^  but  in  Mark  and 
Luke,26  %co/>av  TWV  raSapyvwv.  Notwithstanding  the  remarks 
and  conjectures  of  some  commentators,  it  seems  probable  that 
Gergesenes  in  the  Gospel  of  Saint  Matthew  is  an  incorrect 
reading.  Lightfoot  says  that  there  was  a  city  called  Gergesa  ; 
but  it  is  not  found  in  Strabo,  Pliny,  or  Stephanus.  The 
"country  of  the  Gergesenes"  was  doubtless  the  metropolis 
of  Perea,  in  Decapolis,  27  of  which  city  many  coins  exist,  the 
types  shewing  that  the  people  were  heathens,  their  tutelary 
divinity  being  Astarte,  as  seen  on  this  coin  of  Nero,  which 
bears,  on  the  obverse,  the  bust  of  the  Emperor,  and  NEP£1N 
(KAI)SAP.  Reverse,  FA  A  A  PA  ;  Astarte  holding  a  garland 
and  a  cornucopias:  a  star  and  a  branch  in  the  field,  and  the 
date,  L.AMP. 


Wiclif,  and  the  translators  of  the  Rhemish  Bible,  appa- 
rently perplexed  by  this  discrepancy  in  the  two  Evangelists, 
have  used  Gerasa  (Tepaa-^vwv  being  found  in  several  MS S.); 
but  a  reference  to  the  maps  will  at  once  shew,  that  Gadara 
was  much  more  likely  to  be  the  town  which  gave  the  name 
to  the  district.  FaSapTjvMV  is  now  found  in  the  most 
approved  texts. 

25  Matt.  viii.  28.  26  Luke  viii.  26. 

27  Josephus,  Bell.  Jud.  lib.  iv.  c.  vii.  §  3. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  149 

§  12. — COIN  OF  HEROD  ANTIPAS. — Mark  vi.  14. 

The  prince  mentioned  in  this  chapter  was  Antipas,  the 
son  of  Herod  the  Great,  nominated  in  the  will  of  that  tyrant 
Tetrarch28  of  Galilee  and  Petrea.  His  sway  appears  to 
have  been  mild,  especially  when  compared  with  that  of  his 
brother  Archelaus:  hence  Joseph  found  a  refuge  when  "  he 
turned  aside  into  Galilee.'"29  He  enlarged  and  improved 
several  places  within  his  dominions;  among  others  Beth- 
saida,  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  Julias,  in  honour  of 
the  empress;  and  Cinnereth,  which  he  called  Tiberias,  in 
compliment  to  Tiberius,  then  Caesar,  and  afterwards  Emperor. 
The  coin  here  engraved  is  of  Antipas,  and  was  struck  in  the 
newly  endowed  city  of  Tiberias.  The  Obverse  bears  HP(szc) 
w^ov  TGTPApicoi/,  i.e.  (money)  of  Herod,  Tetrarch:  the  Ke- 
verse  has  the  name  of  the  city  TIBGPIAC,  within  a  garland. 


28  See  the  remarks  on  the  titles  of  Basileus  and  Tetrarch  in  §  1 . 
There  appears  to  be  much  misconception  regarding  the  office  or 
rank  of  Tetrarch.  In  the  "table  of  offices  and  conditions  of  men," 
appended  to  our  version  of  the  New  Testament,  Tetrarchs  are 
erroneously  described  as  having  "kingly  power  in  four  provinces." 
Whatever  might  have  been  its  original  signification,  it  certainly 
did  not  imply  at  this  time  the  rule  of  a  fourth  part  of  a  kingdom, 
for  Herod  the  Great  divided  his  kingdom  into  three  parts  only. 
Lightfoot  (Harmony,  part  1.)  appears  to  give  the  best  definition 
of  the  title  :  "a  tetrarch,"  he  says,  "  seemeth  rather  to  be  one 
that  was  in  the  fourth  rank  or  degree  of  excellency  and  govern- 
ment in  the  Roman  empire  :  the  emperor,  that  was  lord  of  all 
the  empire,  being  first ;  the  pro-consul,  that  governed  a  province, 
the  second  ;  a  king,  the  third  ;  and  a  tetrarch,  the  fourth.  So 
n^D  and  &?W  in  the  Hebrew  signify  a  man  second  or  third  to 
the  king."  *y  Matt.  ii.  '22. 

VOL.    VIII.  X 


150  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


§13. — COIN  OF  PHILIP. — Mark  vi.  17. 

The  Evangelist  calls  this  prince  Philip,  but  Josephus 
speaks  of  him  as  Herod.30  Both  Lardner  and  Paley, 
remarking  on  this  discrepancy,  account  for  it  by  sup- 
posing that  the  sons  of  Herod  "  bore  some  additional 
name,  by  which  they  were  distinguished  from  one 
another."  Of  this  there  can  be  no  doubt;  and  it  appears 
equally  clear,  that  Herod,  like  Casar,  was  the  common 
name  of  the  family  as  rulers.  Its  absence  on  the  coins  of 
Philip  may  be  connected  with  the  appearance  of  the  em- 
peror's head  and  titles,  which  are  not  found  on  the  money 
of  the  earlier  Judaean  princes.  The  example  here  en- 
graved is  ill  preserved,  and  bears  the  head  of  the  Emperor 
Augustus;  reverse,  a  temple,  and  the  legend  $IAIII(nOY) 
TRTPAXOT  (sic). 


§  14.  —  "  THE    TABLES   OF    THE    MONEY-CHANGERS."  — 
Markxi.  15. 


TWV  /coXXu/3tc7Twv.  Lightfoot  seems  to  be  some- 
what in  doubt  as  to  the  precise  nature  of  the  office  of  money- 
changer; but  the  term  appears  to  explain  itself.  Suetonius 
tells  us,  that  Augustus  was  said  to  be  the  grandson  of  a 

30  Ant.  lib.  xviii.  c.  vi.  §  1,4. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  151 

money-changer,  or  nummularius,  "  nepos  nummularii."31 
And  a  little  further  on,  this  author  quotes  a  sarcasm  of  one 
Cassius  of  Parma,  who  wrote  of  the  emperor  thus: — 
"Materna  tibi  farina;  siquidem  ex  crudissimo  Ariciae  pistrino 
hanc  finxit  manibus  collybo  decoloratis  Nerulonensis  mensa- 
rius."  The  word  collybus  (a  small  coin),  which  occurs  in 
this  passage,  shows  the  origin  of  the  designation  Ko\\v~ 
^<7T7J9,  a  money-changer.  According  to  the  Talmudists, 
money-changers  took  their  seats  in  the  Temple  on  the  15th 
of  the  month  Adar,  and  exchanged  the  coins  of  those  who 
came  up  to  Jerusalem  to  pay  the  half-shekel.32  This  tax 
was  not  allowed  to  be  paid  in  any  other  than  Jewish  money ; 
and  the  great  variety  of  coins  circulating  in  Judaea  rendered 
such  accommodation  necessary:  but  the  money-changers 
took  care  to  profit  by  it,  by  charging  a  small  commission, 
contrary  to  the  spirit  of  the  law. 33 

But  there  was  another  office  of  the  money-changer,  as  we 
learn  from  a  passage  in  Apuleius  ;  namely,  the  inspection 
of  sums  of  money,  and  the  detection  of  false  coins,  which 
abounded  in  those  days;  so  much  so,  indeed,  that  the 
denarius  of  Tiberius,  circulating  at  this  very  period  in 
Judsea,  will  be  generally  found  to  be  copper  plated  with 
silver. 34  The  term  Mensarius,  with  which  the  above  quota- 
tion concludes,  is  derived  from  the  Mensa,  or  table,  on  which 
those  men  counted  their  money.  "  A  man  of  this  trade," 
observes  Lightfoot,  who  has  a  long  note  on  the  subject, 


31  In  Aug.  c.  4. 

32  The  half-shekel,  as  is  well  known,  was  the  annual  tribute  of 
every  adult  Jew  towards   the  repairs   and  maintenance  of  the 
temple      For  an  account  of  the  immense  treasure  which  thereby 
flowed  into  the  temple,  see  Josephus,  Antiq.  lib.xiv.  c.  vii.  §2. 

33  Deut.  xxiii  20/21. 

34  See  an  article  on  the  Forgeries  of  Public  Money,  Num.  Chron. 
vol.  vi.  p.  59. 


152  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


"  was   called  itffrw   Shulchani,    or    '  a    man    of  the   table,' 
among  the  Jews." 

§  15.  —  "  TWO    MITES,    WHICH    MAKE    ONE    FARTHING."  - 

Mark  xii.  42. 


AeTrra  8vo  o  ea-Tt,  KoSpavr^.  See  the  note  on  Matt.  x.  29, 
where  specimens  of  the  Chian  assarion  and  half-assarion  are 
given,  and  where  it  is  observed  that  the  relative  sizes  of 
Greek  coins  are  no  guide  to  those  who  attempt  to  ascertain 
their  relative  value.  But  for  this,  the  coin  of  Chios,  here 
represented,  might  be  supposed  a  specimen  of  the  lepton, 
seeing  that  it  is  about  half  the  size  of  the  piece  illustrating 
the  note  in  question.  It  bears  the  name  of  the  place  in 
which  it  was  struck,  namely,  the  island  of  Chios,  and  the 
figure  of  a  sphynx,  crouching  on  a  caduceus;  reverse,  an 
amphora,  the  usual  Chian  type,  and  the  name  of  the  magis- 
trate, AISXINHS. 


The  Gospels  of  Ulphilas,  in  the  rendering  of  this  passage, 
give  us  the  value  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  styca  —  tpejen  rcicaj-,  ty 
ir,  peopling  penmngef  . 


§   16.  —  "  AND  THEY  SHALL   FALL    BY  THE  EDGE   OF    THE 
SWORD,  AND  SHALL  BE  LED  AWAY  CAPTIVE  INTO   ALL 

NATIONS."  —  Luke  xxi.  24. 

The  fulfilment  of  this  prophecy  came  to  pass  forty  years 
after  our  Lord's  ascension.  The  details  of  the  destruction  of 
Jerusalem  are  given  at  great  length  in  Josephus,  and  are 
of  course  known  to  all  readers.  The  city  was  defended 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  153 

with  unparalleled  obstinacy ;  upwards  of  a  hundred  thousand 
people  are  said  to  have  perished  in  the  siege  and  the  final 
assault,  of  whom  six  thousand  were  burnt  in  the  porch  of 
the  temple.  Nearly  a  hundred  thousand  Jews  were  dragged 
away  into  miserable  captivity,  some  to  wear  out  their  lives 
in  hopeless  slavery,  others  to  furnish  actors  in  the  bloody 
sports  of  their  merciless  enemies. 36 

The  Romans  did  not  fail  to  record  on  their  coins  the 
conquest  of  this  unhappy  country ;  and  the  money  of 
Vespasian  and  of  Titus  bears  very  significant  types  and 
legends. 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  the  year  of  the  consulship 
noted  on  the  coins  of  Titus  corresponds  with  that  of  the 
year  after  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem,37  though  coins  of 


36  Great    numbers    were  thrown   to   wild    beasts,    or    pitted 
against  each  other  as  gladiators,  in  the  public  shows  given  by 
Titus  at  Caesarea  Philippi. — Joseph,  lib.  vii.  c.  ii.    Titus  has  been 
severely  censured  by  some   writers   for   his    indulgence  of  the 
popular  taste  for  these  truly  horrible  exhibitions,  and  some  have 
expressed  their  surprise,  that  "  the  darling  of  mankind"  should 
have  tolerated  them ;  but  it  should  be  remembered  that  this  was 
not  the  time  to  curb  it.    To  check  the  most  favourite  amusement  of 
a  licentious  soldiery,  flushed  with  the  pride  of  conquest,  after  an 
obstinate  and  protracted  siege,  would  have  been  a  task  greater 
than  even  the  subjugation  of  Judaea.    Julius  Caesar,  on  his  election 
to  the  Dictatorship,  did  not  distribute  presents  among  the  people, 
but  entertained  them  with  sixty  couple  of  gladiators,  as  the  most 
popular  form  of  acknowledging  the  honour  conferred  upon  him. 
So  utterly  barbarous  and  savage  were  these  people  in  their  tastes, 
that,  not  content  with  the  excitement  of  combats  of  armed  men, 
they  made  a  jest  of  the  dead  and  dying  left  on  the  Amphitheatre. 
Two  figures    entered,  after  the  fight  was  over,  one  dressed  as 
Mercury,  the  other  as  Pluto ;  and  the  first  having  discovered  and 
pointed  to  any  dying  wretch  with  his  wand,  the  other  dashed  out 
his  brains  with  a  hammer! — Vide  Tertullian  Apolog.  c.  xv. 

37  The  earliest  coin  of  Titus  with  IVDAEA  CAPTA,  records  the 
second  consulship,  (cos.  n.,)  corresponding  with  the  year  of  Eome 
825,  or  A.D.  72.      The  specimens   engraved,  bearing  the  sixth 
consulship,  are  selected  on  account  of  their  preservation. 


154  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

Vespasian  occur  which  were  minted  in  the  actual  year  of 
the  conquest. 

History  is  silent  as  to  the  motives  which  influenced  the 
Conscript  Fathers  to  delay  the  striking  of  these  records  of 
the  Caesar's  military  fame;  and  we  know  not  whether  it  may, 
be  attributed  to  any  jealousy  which  Vespasian  felt  towards 
his  son,38  or  to  the  reluctance  of  the  senate  to  strike  coins 
in  his  honour  and  thereby  give  offence  to  the  emperor.  This 
appears  to  have  been  compensated  for  by  the  striking  of 
coins  with  Greek  legends  commemorating  the  event,  as 
hereafter  noticed. 

Most  of  these  coins  appear  to  have  been  issued  in  great 
numbers:  many  differ  in  details  of  type,  though  in  the 
greater  part  the  devices  are  essentially  the  same.  The 
female  figure  recalls  the  prophetic  words,  "  and  she  desolate 
shall  sit  on  the  ground."  The  male  captive  is  doubtless 
intended  for  the  obdurate  Simon,  the  chief  actor  in  that 
ever-memorable  siege.  On  some  of  these  coins  he  is  de- 
picted looking  straight  forward  with  a  bold  or  dogged  air, 
contrasting  well  with  the  dejected  attitude  of  the  seated 
woman;  but  in  one  type  he  appears  to  be  regarding  her 
with  attention. 


38  If  this  could  be  ascertained,  it  would  furnish  a  very  opposite 
picture  to  that  of  our  third  Edward,  who  refrained  from  taking 
any  part  in  the  famous  battle  of  Crecy,  that  his  son  might  have 
the  sole  honour  of  the  victory. 


Numismatic  Chronicle. Vcl.  Vtil.  p.155 


JT.t  Off.  del'et  sculp* 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  155 


VESPASIAN. 

LARGE    BRASS. 

No.  L— IMPerator  CAESar  VESPASIANi«  AVGustus,  Pontifex 
Maximus,  TUibunitia  Potestate,  Pater  Patrice  COS.  III. 
Laureated  head  of  Vespasian  to  the  right. 

R.—IVDAEA  CAPTA.  A  female  figure  seated  on  the 
ground  at  the  foot  of  a  palm  tree,  near  which  stands  the 
emperor  holding  the  hasta  and  parazonium,  his  foot  on 
a  helmet;  in  the  exergue,  S.C.  (Senatus  Consulto.) 

(See  Plate,  No.  1J 

This  coin  was  minted  in  the  very  year  of  the  destruction 
of  Jerusalem,  namely,  when  Vespasian  was  consul  for  the 
third  time,  in  the  year  of  Rome  824,  or  7 1  of  our  era. 

No.  II.— IMP.  CAES.  VESP.  AVG.  P.  M.  TR.  P.  COS.  VIII. 
Laureated  head  to  the  left. 

ft.— IVD.  CAP.  (Judcea  Capta)  across  the  field.  A  female 
figure  seated  on  a  heap  of  arms  in  an  attitude  of  dejec- 
tion, at  the  foot  of  a  palm  tree ;  near  which  stands  a 
male  figure  regarding  her ;  a  helmet  and  long  shield  at 
his  feet:  in  the  exergue,  S.C.  (See  Plate,  No.  2.J 

This  coin  was  struck  four  years  after  the  preceding  one, 
and  shows  that  the  Romans  still  remembered  with  pride 
their  subjugation  of  the  rebellious  Jews. 


SILVER. 

No.  I.— IMP.  CAESAR  VESPASIANVS  AVG.    Laureated  head 
of  the  emperor  to  the  right. 

R. — IVDAEA.  A  female  captive  with  her  hands  bound 
behind  her  back,  seated  on  the  ground  at  the  foot  of  a 
palm  tree.  (See  Plate,  No.  3  J 


156  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

No.  II.— (CAESAR)  IMP.  VESP.  P.  PON.  TR.  POT.   Laureated 
head  to  the  right. 

R. — (No  legend.)  A  female  figure  seated  on  the  ground 
at  the  foot  of  a  palm  tree ;  near  which  stands  the  em- 
peror, holding  the  hasta  and  parazonium,  his  left  foot 
resting  on  a  globe.  (See  Plate,  No.  4.) 

No.  III.— IMP.    CAESAR   VESPASIANVS  AVG.      Laureated 

head  to  the  right. 

R.— IVDAEA.  A  female  figure  seated  on  the  ground 
at  the  foot  of  a  trophy.  (See  Plate,  No.  6.) 

No.  IV.— IMP.  CAESAR  VESPASIANVS  AVG.      Laureated 
head  to  the  right. 

R. — IVDAEA  DEVICTA.  A  female  figure,  with  her 
hands  bound  before  her,  standing  before  a  palm  tree. 

(See  Plate,  No.  5.} 


TITUS. 

LARGE    BRASS. 

No.  I.— T.  CAES.  IMP.  AVG.  F.  PON.  COS.  VI.  CENSOR 
(Titus  Caesar,  Imperator,  Augustifilius,  Pontifex,  Consul 
sextum,  Censor}.  Laureated,  to  the  right. 

R. — IVDAEA  CAPTA.  A  female  figure,  in  an  attitude 
of  dejection,  seated  on  a  heap  of  arms  at  the  foot  of  a 
palm  tree ;  on  the  other  side  of  which  stands  a  male 
captive  with  his  hands  bound  behind  his  back :  in  the 
exergue,  S.  C.  (See  Plate,  No.  7.) 

No.  II. — Legend  as  No.  1 .     Head  as  No.  1 . 

R. — Legend  as  No.  1.  Type  as  No.  1,  except  that  the 
male  figure  has  his  back  to  the  palm  tree,  and  turns  to 
regard  the  captive  female.39  (See  Plate,  No. 8.} 


39  The  coin  from  which  the  engraving  is  made  was  discovered 
in  1830  at  Lincoln,  five  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
while  opening  the  postern  of  Newport  Arch. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  157 

No.  111.— IMP.  T.  CAES.  VESP.  AVG.  PM.  TR.  P.  COS.  Vlll. 
Laureated  head  to  the  left. 

R. IVD.  CAP.  S.  C.     Similar  figures  to  those  on  the  pre- 
ceding coin,  with  slight  variations.    (See  Plate,  No.  10.J 

No.   IV. -T.   CAES.  VESPASIAN    IMP.    PON.    TR.    POT. 
COS.  II.    Laureated  head  of  Titus. 

R. —  S.  C.   (Senatus  consulto.}   Titus  in  a  triumphal  car, 
drawn  by  four  horses,  holding  an  olive  branch. 

The  consular  date  of  this  coin  agrees  with  the  year  72  of 
our  era,  and  doubtless  therefore  refers  to  the  triumph  of 
Titus  on  the  subjugation  of  Judaea. 

MIDDLE    BRASS. 

No  I.— CAES.  IMP.  AVG.  TR.  P.   COS.  VI.  CENSOR.     Lau- 
reated head  of  Titus  to  the  right. 

R. — IVDAEA  CAPTA.  A  female  figure  seated  at  the 
foot  of  a  palm  tree,  against  which  is  placed  a  heap  of 
arms,  among  which  is  seen  a  military  standard. 

(See  Plate,  No.  9.J 

No.  II.— T.  CAES.  IMP.  AVG.  F.  TR.  P.  COS.  VI.  CENSOR. 
Laureated  head  of  Titus  to  the  right. 

R.— IVDAEA  NAVALIS.  A  female  figure  seated  be- 
neath a  palm  tree  ;  on  the  other  side,  a  heap  of  arms ; 
in  the  exergue,  S.  C. 

This  remarkable  and  unique  coin  was  first  communicated 
by  M.  Durnersan  of  the  Bibliotheque  Royale,  to  the  Numis- 
matic Journal,40  with  the  following  observations: — "  The 
legends,  Judcea  Capta  and  Judaea  Devicta,  are  well  known 
on  the  coins  of  Vespasian  and  Titus;  but  Judaa  Navalis  was, 
until  the  discovery  of  this  example,  unknown.  The  Jews 
never  enjoyed  a  great  reputation  as  seamen;  but  I  think  I 
have  found  in  Josephus  a  narration  of  the  event  to  which 


40  Vol.  i.  p.  88. 

VOL.  VIII.  Y 


158  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

the  legend  and  type  of  this  coin  allude,  the  character  of 
which  is  rather  derisive  than  triumphal.  This  author  re- 
lates in  his  history  of  the  war  with  the  Romans  (lib.  iii.  c.  9), 
that  when  the  town  of  Joppa  was  destroyed  by  Cestius,  the 
inhabitants,  driven  by  famine,  soiight  refuge  by  sea,  the 
Eomans  having  destroyed  the  neighbouring  towns  and  vil- 
lages. They  built  vessels  (a/cdfa)  and  committed  piracies 
on  the  shores  of  Syria,  Phoenicia,  and  Egypt.  The  town 
being  attacked  a  second  time  by  the  Roman  troops,  the  Jews 
fled  during  the  night  towards  their  ships;  but  a  violent 
tempest  drove  them  on  the  rocks  which  border  on  the  coast 
of  Joppa,  and  they  were  exterminated.  Soon  after  this  they 
were  defeated  on  the  Lake  of  Gennesaret,  their  barks  being 
unable  to  cope  with  the  war-like  vessels  of  Vespasian.  To 
these  events,  and  most  probably  to  the  first,  the  legend 
Judaea  Navalis  must  allude,  Titus,  as  is  well  known,  having 
accompanied  his  father  in  the  Judaic  war.  This  curious 
coin  illustrates  that  of  a  large  brass  example  of  Vespasian 
with  the  legend  Judtsa  Capta,  upon  which  a  Roman  warrior 
is  represented  resting  his  right  foot  on  the  prow  of  a  vessel, 
a  type  but  imperfectly  explained  until  the  discovery  of  this 
coin." 

In  an  editorial  note  appended  to  these  observations, 
some  doubts  were  expressed  as  to  the  coin  having  been 
blundered  in  the  striking,  and  also  as  to  the  idiomatic  pro- 
priety of  the  legend ;  but  subsequent  inquiry  has  removed  all 
suspicion  of  its  genuineness. 

No.  III.  —  Legend  as  No.  2.     Head  as  No.  2. 

R.__ VICTORIA    NAVALIS.     Victory  holding  a  gar- 
land and  palm-branch,  standing  on  the  prow  of  a  vessel. 

This  coin  commemorates  the  naval  action  already  spoken 
of,  and  more  distinctly  recorded  on  the  preceding  one. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  159 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  coins  of  Titus  were  struck 
(probably  in  Judea)  with  the  following  types  and  legends : 

No.  I. — AYTOKPA.  TITOS  KA1SAP.     Laureated  head  of  Titus 
to  the  right. 

R.— IOYAAIAS  EAAftKYlAS.  (Judcea  deperdita.)  A 
female  figure  seated  at  the  foot  of  a  trophy:  on  the  other 
side,  a  buckler. 

No.  II.— AYTOKP.   TITOS   KAISAP.     Laureated  head  of  Titus 
to  the  right. 

R. — Legend  as  the  foregoing  .41  Victory  inscribing  a  buckler 
attached  to  a  palm  tree. 

Pellerin42  gives  a  coin  of  this  type,  with  NEIKH    KAIC. 
on   the  shield. 


§  17. — "  AND  THEY  THAT  EXERCISE  AUTHORITY  UPON 
THEM  ARE  CALLED  BENEFACTORS." — Luke  xxii.  25. 

Kal  ol  e^ovaid^ovres  aurwv  ETEPFETAI  Kakovvrcu. 
The  title  Evepyerr)?  is  found  on  the  coins  of  Mithridates 
king  of  Pontus,  and  on  those  of  Pylaamenes  of  Paphla- 
gonia,  and  also  on  the  money  of  the  Syrian  monarchs, 
Demetrius  the  third,  Antiochus  the  seventh,  Evergetes  and 
Alexander  the  first.  It  was  assumed,  too,  by  Ptolemy  the 
third,  and  by  some  of  the  Parthian  kings,43  but  it  is  found 
more  frequently  on  the  regal  Syrian  coins,  which  in  the  days 


41  The  characters  sometimes  vary  on  these  coins,  E  being  used 
for  S  and  W  for  fl. 

2  Kecueil,  tome  iii.  pi.  134,  fig.  1 . 

43  A  coin  of  Laodicea,  in  Phrygia,  cited  by  Eckhel,  Doct. 
Num.  Vet.  vol.  iii.  p.  159,  and  Num.  Vet.  Anecd.  p.  249,  is  re- 
markable for  this  title,  given,  as  it  would  seem,  to  a  citizen  named 
Andronicus. 


160  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

of  Christ's  ministry  were  of  course  circulating  in  Judasa. 
The  very  beautiful  tetradrachm  here  engraved,  is  of  the 
Syrian  king,  Antiochus  Evergetes.  The  obverse  bears  the 
royal  portrait  ;  the  reverse,  Pallas  holding  a  figure  of 
Victory ;  legend  BASIAG&S  ANTIOXOY  EYEPrETOY,  i.  e. 
(money)  of  King  Antiochus  Evergetes,  and  the  date  GOP 
year  175  of  the  era  of  the  Seleucidse.44 


§   18.  —  "    OUR    FATHERS    WORSHIPPED    IN    THIS 

MOUNTAIN." — John  iv.  20. 

Although  Josephus,  himself  a  Jew,  gives  us  a  very  un- 
favourable picture  of  the  Samaritans,  there  is  no  reason  for 
doubting  its  accuracy.  According  to  that  historian,  the 
Samaritans  were  ever  ready  to  change  their  religion  and 
their  customs,  when  advantages  tempted  or  danger  threatened 
them.  When  Alexander  granted  to  the  Jews  immunities 
and  privileges,  these  people,  whose  capital  was  Shechem, 
invited  him  to  come  to  Mount  .Gerizim  and  do  honour 
to  their  temple,  as  he  had  done  to  that  of  Jerusalem,  al- 
leging that  they  were  of  the  posterity  of  Joseph,  Ephraim, 
and  Manasseh  ;45  but,  being  pressed  to  say  if  they  were  really 


44  The  first  year  of  the  era  of  the  Seleucidse  corresponds  with 
the  year  of  Rome,  442. 

45  Josephus,  Antiq.  lib.  xi.  c.  viii.  §  6. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    NEW    TESTAMENT.  161 

Jews,  and  not  Sidonians,  they  answered  that  they  were 
Hebrews,  but  had  the  name  of  Sidonians,  living  at  Shechem. 
Alexander  dismissed  them,  saying,  that  what  he  had  granted 
was  to  the  Jews ;  but,  that,  if  he  afterwards  found  they  were 
of  that  stock,  he  would  consider  their  petition.  At  a  later 
period,  we  learn  from  the  same  authority,46  that  when  the 
Syrian  king  Antiochus  pillaged  Jerusalem,  and  inflicted 
horrible  tortures  on  its  inhabitants,  the  Samaritans  protested 
that  they  were  not  of  Jewish  origin,  but  Sidonians,  and 
entreated  that  they  might  be  permitted  to  dedicate  their 
temple,  hitherto  without  a  name,47  to  Jupiter  Hellenius. 

The  coin  here  engraved  bears  the  head  of  the  Emperor  An- 
toninus Pius;  legend,  AYTOK(joarwp)  KA1CAP.  ANTONINOC. 
CEB(a<rroc;)  EYC6(/3r/c).  i.  e.  The  Emperor  Ccesar  Antoninus 
Augustus  Pius.  Reverse,  A  Temple  on  the  summit  of  a 
mountain,  with  a  flight  of  steps,  etc.  Legend,  $A.  NGAC- 
nOAG^C  CYPIAC  HAAAICTINHC.  i.  e.  (Money)  of  Flavia 
Ncapolis,  of  Palestine  in  Syria. 


16  Josephus,  Antiq.  lib.  xii.  cap.  v.  §  5. 

47  The  avwvv/jLov  iepbv  of  Josephus  furnishes  a  singular  con- 
cordance with  the  words  of  our  Lord,  "  Ye  worship  ye  know  not 
what,"  and  is  evidence  of  the  vague  religious  notions  of  these  people. 
The  coins  of  the  Samaritans  show  their  Sidonian  predilections, 
many  of  them  having  representations  of  the  goddess  Astarte,  the 
Ashtoreth  of  Scripture. 


162 


NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 


Photius  in  his  Bibliotheca 48  notices  the  assertion  of 
Marinus,  a  Samaritan  writer,  that  Abraham  erected  a  temple 
to  Jupiter  Maximus,  at  Neapolis,  in  Palestine,  close  to 
Mount  Argarizus ! 

§  19. — "  THOU   ART    NOT    CESAR'S   FRIEND." — 
John  xix.  12. 

OVK  el  </>/Xo9  TOV  KaLa-apos.  Among  the  various  titles 
found  on  Greek  coins  are  those  of  Lover  of  his  Father, 
Lover  of  his  Mother,  etc.49  This  style  appears  to  have 
been  adopted  by  the  princes  of  other  countries  tributary 
to  the  Romans;  and  we  accordingly  find  <£iXo/3a)//,ato9, 
Lover  of  the  Romans,  on  the  money  of  the  kings  of  Cap- 
padocia.50  The  Parthian  Princes  frequently  added  to  their 
other  high-sounding  titles,  <£tXeXX?jvo9,  Lover  of  the  Greeks ; 
but  the  money  of  some  of  the  princes  of  Judaea  more 
strikingly  illustrates  the  phrase  $1X09  TOV  Kalaapos.  Agrippa 
the  first,  of  Judaea,  inscribed  on  his  coins  <f>i\oKaiaap,  and 
Herod  of  Chalcidene,  <f>i,\oK\avSios. 


Edit.  1 824,  p.  345.     49  Vide  Num.  Manual,  p.  1 7.    w  Ib.  p.  1 9. 


XII. 
NOTES  ON  TYPES  OF  CAULONIA. 

ONE  of  the  most  interesting  types  of  the  currency  of 
Magna  Grsecia,  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  difficult  to 
explain,  is  that  of  Caulonia,  among  the  Bruttii.  It  has 
engaged  the  attention  of  the  most  celebrated  numismatists 
of  the  continent;  but  the  attempts  to  solve  it  are  all  rather 
plausible  conjectures,  than  satisfactory  determinations  of 
what  it  is  intended  to  represent.  A  precis  of  the  literary 
history  of  this  type  has  been  given  by  M.  De  Witte  and 
Panofka ;  and  to  the  last-mentioned  savant  we  owe  a  most 
elaborate  analysis  of  its  history  in  the  "  Archaologische 
Zeitung,"  October  1843,  No.  10,  p.  166.  I  consider  this 
precis  so  valuable  and  instructive  for  the  history  of  numis- 
matical  progress  and  research,  that,  although  I  differ  as  to 
the  ultimate  conclusion  arrived  at,  yet  I  shall  give  a  suc- 
cinct review  of  it  previously  to  offering  my  own  views  of 
this  archaic  type. 

The  obverse  of  the  early  incuse  coins  of  Caulonia  repre- 
sents a  naked  figure  with  long  hair,  falling  in  regularly 
disposed  curls  on  the  neck,  and  bound  by  a  fillet;  stretch- 
ing forth  the  left  hand,  in  which  is  held  a  small  figure  in 
the  attitude  of  running;  and  elevating  the  right,  with  which 
the  figure  brandishes  a  laurel  branch.  In  the  area  is 
generally  a  deer,  to  which,  on  some  specimens,  is  added  a 
swan.  The  larger  figure  is  constant  on  the  archaic  coins, 
but  the  smaller  figure  is  sometimes  omitted,  and  replaced, 
so  to  speak,  by  a  fillet,  or  tunic,  thrown  over  the  arm. 
The  smaller  figure  generally  holds  in  the  hands  some 
object,  on  all  the  specimens  which  1  have  seen,  very 

VOL.  VIII.  Z 


164  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 

indistinctly  struck ;  on  one  most  important  variety  in  the 
Museum  it  more  resembles  a  crown  than  any  other  object. 
The  same  general  type,  differing  only  in  the  distribution 
of  the  parts  on  the  obverse  and  reverse,  and  by  the  intro- 
duction of  adjuncts  into  the  field,  is  continued  down  to 
the  cessation  of  the  monetary  issue  of  this  town,  which 
was  destroyed  before  the  time  of  the  elder  Dionysius, 
Olymp.  97.4.  B.C. 388.  It  is  impossible  to  fail  remarking,  in 
style  and  attitude,  the  general  appearance  which  this  type 
has  with  that  of  Poseidon  in  the  archaic  coins  of  Poseido- 
nium  ;  but  to  this  I  shall  subsequently  refer.  Hardouin  l 
and  Mazocchi2  have  represented  the  larger  figure  as  a 
Jupiter,  and  mistaken  the  bush  or  tree  for  a  thunderbolt ; 
Eckhel  contented  himself  with  pointing  out  the  errors  of 
his  predecessors,  and  left  to  posterity  the  discovery  of  the 
meaning  of  the  type. 

The  first  attempt,  after  Eckhel's  abandonment  of  the 
question,  was  that  of  Avellino,  who  conjectured  that  the 
laurel  branch  was  employed  as  a  whip,  that  the  large 
figure  represented  Dionysus,  that  the  deer  was  a 
Dionysiac  symbol,  and  the  small  figure  "  madness,"  or 
Otcrrpo?,  as  the  stimulating  influence  of  the  god  exerted 
over  mankind.3  This  is  so  unsatisfactory,  considered  in 
reference  to  art,  and  so  totally  dissonant  to  the  principle  of 
archaic  interpretation  as  scarcely  to  deserve  serious  refut- 
ation. Miiller4  considered  the  type  to  represent  the  purify- 
ing Apollo,  holding  in  his  hand  Orestes,  who  is  known  to 
have  received  purification  in  this  locality;  but  the  age  of 
the  early  types  is  certainly  prior  to  the  great  development 

1  Opp.  Select,  p.  81.  2  Tab.  Heracl.  p.  527. 

3  Giorn.   Numism.,  torn.  ii.  p.  24  ;    Opuscoli  diversi,  vol.  ii.  p. 
110,  sq.,  following  Nonnus.  ix.  262. 

4  K.  O.  Denkmaleiy  A.  K.  1,  xvi,  72;   Handbuch,  p.  516. 


NOTES  ON  TYPES  OF  CAULONIA.          165 

of  the  Oresteid  of  ^Eschylus,  and  the  small  figure  cannot, 
either  in  attitude  or  attributes,  be  identified  with  any 
known  representation  of  Orestes.5  After  Miiller,  the  Due 
de  Luynes6  proposed  the  subject  of  Apollo  and  Aristeeus 
[Aristeas],  who  were  particularly  worshipped  at  Metapontum 
in  the  character  of  fcaOdpTTjs,  or  Kaddfxnos.  Subsequently 
M.  Raoul-Rochette,  in  his  observations  on  the  types  of  the 
coins  of  Caulonia,  put  forth  the  conjecture,  that  the  larger 
figure  represented  the  877/^09,  or  people  of  Caulonia,  in  the 
attitude  of  lustration,  and  that  the  smaller  was  the  Agnismos, 
dyvio-fios,  or  KaOdppos,  "  the  genius  of  lustration,"  repre- 
sented in  the  hands  of  the  principal  figure,  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  three  Graces  were  in  the  right  hand  of 
the  Apollo  at  Delos,  and  the  three  Sirens  in  the  hand  of 
the  archaic  Hem  at  Coronaea,  or  Nike  in  that  of  Zeus,  or 
of  Pallas- Athene,7  or  Damas  in  the  hands  of  the  Chrysor- 
rhoas.8  After  Rochette,  M.  Streber,9  at  Munich,  re- 
viewed the  whole  discussion  of  the  type;  he  dismissed 
an  erroneous  conjecture  made  by  Steinbiichel,  that  the 
small  figure  was  a  Satyr,  or  rather  Pan,  which  it,  in  some 
respects,  on  some  of  the  secondary  specimens,  seems  to 
resemble,  and  would  have  it  to  be  the  return  of  Hercules 
from  the  land  of  the  Hyperboreans,  accompanied  by  the 
golden-horned  stag,  and  bringing  with  him  the  branch 
of  the  olive,  the  reward  of  the  Olympian  games,  and 

5  Panofka,  1.  c.  p.  167. 

6  Nouv.  Ann.  de  la  Sect.  Fr.  del'Inst.  Archaeol.,  tom.i.  p.  426. 

7  Raoul-Rochette,  Observations  sur  le  type  des  monnaies  de 
Caulonia,  in  the   Mcmoires  de  1'Academie  des  Inscriptions  et  de 
Belles  Lettres,   torn.  xiv. ;    cf.    Memoires    de    Nuraismatique    et 
d'Antiquite,  pt.  48  ;  Rev.  Num.,  1843,  67. 

8  De  Witte,  in  Revue  Nuraismatique,   1844,    p.  1844,  on  an 
imperial  coin  of  Damascus. 

'•'  Gel.  Anz.  d.  k.  Bayer.  Ak.  d.  W.  Juni   1837,  No.  128-9; 
Juni  Intelligbl.  s.  1052;  Sitz.  v.  Jan.  1837. 


166  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

holding  in  his  hands  one  of  the  Cercopes :  but  the  two  fatal 
objections  to  this  explanation,  offered  by  Panofka,  are, 
first,  that  the  figure  is  destitute  of  all  the  attributes  of 
Hercules,  and  that  the  Cercopes  in  art  are  always  repre- 
sented in  the  dual  number,  and  seldom,  or  indeed  never, 
as  "  one."  The  conjecture  of  Cavedoni,10  that  this  type 
may  be  referred  to  Apollo  and  Cyparissus,  is  deserving  of 
some  attention.  Cyparissus,  it  is  to  be  remembered,  was 
the  son  of  Telephus,11  or  of  Amydicus,  of  Cea;12  the 
former  of  whom  would  be  directly  connected  with  the  deer. 
The  Cyparissus  myth  is  referred  to  Crete,  and  Cyparissus 
himself  is  beloved  of  Apollo  and  Zephyrus,13  or  according  to 
the  later  authorities,14  of  Silvanus,15  who  has  a  tame  stag16 
which  was  killed  by  Cyparissus.  The  type  of  Silvanus 
particularly  coincides  with  the  Cyparissus  myth,17  as  he 
holds  in  his  hand  the  cypress,  or  brandishes  lilies  and 
flowers.18  But  this  divinity,  who  is  alternately  compared 
with  Pan,19  and  interchanged,  as  we  have  seen,  with  Apollo, 
is  a  purely  Latin  rustic  divinity;  possibly,  it  is  true, 
derivable  from  the  Apollo  Hylates,  the  Latin  Sylvan  us, 
and  connected  with  Hercules  through  the  youthful  Hylas. 
My  objection  to  the  Cyparissus  myth  is,  that  it  is  too  recent, 
that  it  is  restricted  in  its  appearance  to  the  Latin  mytho- 
logists,  and  that  it  is  consequently  not  sufficiently  early  to 
be  referable  to  the  archaic  currency  of  Caulonia ;  that  the 
appearance  of  Sylvanus  is  late  in  art,  and  entirely  differs  from 


10  Bullet,  d.  Cor.  Arch.,  1843,  June. 

11  Serv.  ad  JEn.  iii.  680. 

12  Lact.  Mir.,  fab.  x.  3,  p.  857  ;   Ovid,  Met.  x.  120. 

13  Serv.  ad  Georg.  i.  20;   Ovid,  Met.,  x.  107. 

14  Serv.  ad  Mn.,  iii.  64,  680. 

15  Her.  tres  Myth.  Lat.  Myth,  a  Bode.  p.  174. 

16  Ibid.  17  Georg,  i.  40.  18  Eel.  x.  24. 
ly  Prob.  ad  Georg.  i.20;  Virg.  JEn.  viii.  600. 


NOTES  ON  TYPES  OF  CAULONIA.          1(>7 

that  of  the  early  Hellenic  Apollo,  Neither  does  the  branch 
held  in  the  hand  resemble  the  cypress;  it  possesses  an 
infinitely  nearer  relation  to  the  olive,  or  to  the  laurel 
branch. 

The  conjecture  of  Panofka,20  that  the  larger  figure  repre- 
sents a  colossal  statue  of  the  divinity  Apollo  Hylates,21 
who  was  reverenced  at  Magnesia,  and  allied  with  the  par- 
ticular ceremony  of  lustration  there  practised  by  olive 
branches  is  particularly  ingenious,  as  well  as  that  the  small 
figure  represents  the  eponymous  hero  and  founder  of  the 
town  of  Caulonia,  or  Caulon,  Caulos,  the  son  of  the  Amazon 
Clita.22  This  would  give  the  myth  a  local  relation,  in  all 
cases  exceedingly  desirable ;  and  my  only  reason  for  pro- 
posing another  hypothesis  is  the  peculiarity  observable  in 
some  specimens  of  this  type ;  the  youth  in  the  hand  of 
Apollo,  if  without  any  attributes,  may  be,  with  equal  possi- 
bility, any  of  the  eromenoi  of  Apollo,  as  Hyacinthus,23 
Cyparissus,  or  Daphnis,24  whom  De  Witte  proposes,  as 
alluded  to  by  the  appearance  of  the  laurel  branch,  and 
who  was  not  only  connected  with  the  laurel  himself,  but 
secondarily  through  the  nymph  Thaleia,25  whose  name 
would  also  be  in  relation  with  the  branch  held  in  the  hand 
of  Apollo.  But  the  legend  of  Daphnis  is  not  of  an  anti- 
quity sufficient  to  refer  to  the  archaic  type. 

Now  Minervini26  has   remarked  that  the  small  figure 

™  Loc.  cit.  p.  174. 

21  Paus.  x.  xx-x.  4. 

22  Serv.  ad  Virg.  /En.  iii.  552,  553. 

23  Cf.  De  Witte,  Rev.  Numism.,  1845,  p.  400  ;  Due  de  Luynes, 
Choix  de  Medailles  Grecques,  pi.  v.  No.  69 ;    Paus.  i.  35 ;   Virg., 
Ecl.ii.  18,  iii.     I  think   there   is  some  confusion  here  with  the 
Apollo  Hyacinthinus  of  Tarentum. 

4  Serv.  ad  Virg.,  Ecl^x.  26. 

5  Sositheus  apud  Schol.  ad  Theocrit.  Idyll,  viii.  93. 

16  Bulletino  Archaeologieo  da  Napoli,  4to.  1844,  p.  108, 


168  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

held  in  the  hand  of  the  Apollo,  on  a  tetradrachm  of  Mr. 
Steuart's  collection  at  Naples  had  winged  sandals  attached 
to  the  feet,  although,  he  still  continues  to  think,  with 
Avellino,  that  the  two  represent  Dionysus  and  CEstrus.  I 
find  the  same  peculiarity  on  two  coins  in  the  cabinets  of  the 
British  Museum;  and,  although  not  distinct  on  ail  the 
specimens  of  this  type,  yet  its  appearance  suggests  another 
hypothesis,  and  that  is,  that  the  figures  are  Apollo  pursuing 
the  young  Hermes,  after  the  theft  committed  by  the  juvenile 
divinity  upon  the  sylvan  god,  while  he  was  absent  with 
Hymenaeus  from  the  cattle  of  Admetus,27  —  the  subject  of 
the  Homeric  hymn  to  Hermes,28  of  the  Me<yd\ai,  'Ha^ai 
of  Hesiod,  and  of  a  hymn  of  Alcseus.  The  figure  is  naked, 
and  consequently  a  male,  as  at  this  period  of  art  female 
figures  were  always  draped,  while  the  winged  sandals  are 
only  referable  to  Hermes  or  to  Perseus.  The  latter,  it  is 
true,  is  occasionally  seen  upon  the  most  ancient  monuments, 
but  almost  always  in  connection  with  the  Graiae,  or  Gorgons, 
and  only  incidentally  in  relation  with  Apollo ;  but  there  are 
several  monuments  of  the  archaic  or  early  school,  which  offer 
different  portions  of  the  incidents  of  the  Hermes  mythos. 

The  most  celebrated  of  these,  the  cup  of  the  Vatican, 
presents  the  theft  of  the  oxen  of  Apollo,29  under  circum- 
stances different  to  that  of  the  Caulonian  type.  The  youth- 
ful god  has  returned  to  his  cradle,  and  lies  surrounded  by 
the  cattle  ;  but  this  does  not  prevent  the  subject  of  the  pur- 
suit itself,  being  that  of  the  coins  of  Caulonia.  The  diffi- 
culty is  the  non-appearance  of  the  cattle;  for  the  bull  seen 


27  Antoninus  Lib.  xxiii. 

28  Hymni  Homerici,  ii.  p.  544,  seq.,  Ed.  Wolf,  Halae,  1784. 

29  Mus.  Gregor.  ii.  81,  1,  2,    explained     and    republished    by 
Panofka.       Hermes    der.  Kinderdieb,    in    the    "  Archiiologiscbe 
Zeitung,"  4to.  Berlin,  Aug.  1844,   No.  20,  p.  321-26,  taf.  xx. 


NOTES  ON  TYPES  OF  CAULONIA.          169 

as  an  adjunct  on  one  specimen,  can  scarcely  be  dragged 
into  the  mythos ;  and  the  constant  appearance  of  the  deer, 
suggests  that  this  animal  must  be  particularly  connected 
with  it.  When  arrived  at  the  cave  of  Maia,  in  the  Homeric 
hymn,30  Apollo,  after  some  inquiries,  takes  Hermes  up  in  his 
hands,  and  placing  the  cradle  on  his  back,  he  proceeds  to 
the  spot  where  the  oxen  are.31  Is  the  Xt%vo?  the  peculiarly 
large  object  resembling  a  wreath  seen  in  the  hands  of  one 
type  ?  The  winged  sandals  Hermes  had  already  invented  to 
commit  the  theft  ;32  and  exactly  resembles  those  seen  on  the 
archaic  bas  relief  from  Corinth,33  where  Hermes  appears 
at  the  birth  of  Aphrodite,  and  the  branch  of  Apollo  is  the 
pdfiSos,  which,  transferred  to  the  hands  of  Hermes,  became 
the  celebrated  /crjpvtcelov  of  that  god.  The  naked  bronze 
statue  of  Apollo  at  the  temple  of  the  Olympian  Jupiter,34 
had  the  bucranium  of  a  bull  under  its  foot,  in  allusion  to 
this  myth  :  but  the  great  difficulty  is  not  the  connection  of 
the  stag  in  Apollo ;  for  a  statue  of  this  god  killing  a  deer,  is 
known  to  have  been  dedicated  by  the  Macedonian  inhabit- 
ants of  Dium  at  Delphi,35  but  with  the  Hermes  mythos. 

S.  BIRCH. 


°  Hymn  ii.  1.  293-8.         31  Ibid  305.         32  Ibid  80,  et.  seq. 

33  Cf.  Dodwell  alcuni   Bassirilievi  della   Grecia,  Roma,  1812. 
Travels  in  Greece,  vol.  ii.  p.  201.    M tiller's  Dorier,  1. 43,  Gerhard's 
Antike  Bildwerke,    from   a   tracing   of   Stackelberg.     Taf.  xiv. 
Hymn,  1.  c.,  1.  525,  strictly  speaking  paffioe   is   a  stick,  a  peeled 
branch,    distinct    from    flaXXoe,    a    branch.     In    the   hymn    it  is 
called   TpiirlTrjXoQ,   1.  527.     The  subject   of  this  hymn   is   given, 
Apollodorus,  iii.  10,  2,  and  it  had  also  formed  that  of  another  by 
Alcasus,     Paus.  1.  c. 

34  Pans.  Achac.  vii.  c,  xx.  p.  574. 

35  Paus.  x.,   Phocic.  c.  xiii.  p.  829. 


170 
MISCELLANEA. 

VARIETIES  OF  THE  IRISH  BASE  GROATS  OF  PHILIP  AND 
MARY. — Dear  Sir, — In  addition  to  the  several  varieties  of  the 
Irish  Base  Groats  of  Philip  and  Mary  (Simon,  Plate  5,  No.  1 13), 
found  in  the  Dungarvon  hoard,  as  communicated  by  me,  and 
inserted  in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle  for  January,  1842,  (Vol.  IV., 
pages  208,  etc.)  I  have  lately  picked  up  the  three  following 
varieties,  not  included  in  that  list,  and  which  also  belonged  to 
the  same  deposit. 

Obv. — 1557.     Philip,  z.  Maria,  d.  g.  rex.  z.  regina.  angl.     No 

Mint-mark. 

Rev. — Posuimus.  deum.  adivtorem.  nostrum.  Rose,  Mint-mark. 
Obv. — 1557.     Philip,  z.  Maria,  d.  g.  rex.  z.  regina.     No  Mint 

mark. 

Rev. — Posuimuss.  deilm.  adivto.  nostr.     Rose,  Mint-mark. 
Obv. — 1558.     Philip,   z.   Maria,  d.  g.  rex.  z.  regina.  a.     No 

Mint-mark. 

Rev. — Posuimus.  deum.  adivto.  nostr.     Rose,  Mint-mark. 
The  first  of  these  is  the  variety  figured  in  Simon.     The  second 
is  remarkable  for  having  the  double  s  in  the  word  Posuimuss. 
I  remain,  very  faithfully,  yours, 

EDWARD  HOARE. 

Cork,  July  20th,   1845. 
To  the  Editor  of  the  Numismatic  Chronicle. 

DISCOVERY  OF  ENGLISH  PENNIES  AT  BERMONDSEY. — 
About  twenty-five  years  ago,  thirteen  silver  pennies  were  found 
at  Bermondsey,  by  some  workmen  sinking  for  the  foundation  of 
a  house.  Eight  were  of  William  Rufus.  Of  these  three  were  of 
type  246,  one  of  249,  and  four  of  250.  Five  were  of  Henry  I. ; 
viz.  four  of  type  251,  and  one  very  similar,  but  without  the 
amulets  over  the  shoulders. 

This  small  find  tends  to  show,  that  numismatists  have  been 
correct  in  considering  251  as  the  earliest  type  of  Henry  I.,  and  in 
placing  246,  249,  and  250,  as  the  latest  of  William  Rufus.  E.  H. 

British  Museum,  22d  October,  1845. 

SAXON  COINS  FOUND  IN  THE  ISLAND  OF  GOTHLAND. — The 
Swedish  newspapers  state  that  a  fresh  hoard  of  coins  has  lately 
been  brought  to  light  in  the  Island  of  Gothland,  where  so  many 
discoveries  of  the  kind  have  already  been  made.  The  treasure 
consisted  of  two  coins  of  Olaf  Skotkonung  of  Sweden  ;  nearly 
600  Anglo  Saxon,  from  Eadgar  to  Edward  the  Confessor;  nine 
Irish  of  Sihtric  III;  ninety  Danish,  of  Cnut  the  Great  and 
Magnus  the  Good  ;  upwards  of  900  German  coins,  besides  coins 


MISCELLANEA.  171 

of  the  emperors  Otho  I.,  II.,  and  III.  ;  4  Byzantine,  1  Persian, 
and  37  Cufic  coins,  and  many  silver  ornaments.  By  the  laws  of 
Sweden,  all  treasure-trove  must,  in  the  first  instance,  be  placed  in 
the  hands  of  the  Government,  which  has  the  right  of  pre-emption. 
In  the  present  case,  the  Government  has  exercised  this  right  by 
purchasing,  for  the  Swedish  national  collection,  the  whole  of  the 
find,  with  the  exception  of  50  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  Danish, 
and  376  of  the  German  coins,  of  which  there  either  were  dupli- 
cates in  the  find,  or  the  Swedish  museum  already  possessed 
specimens. 

A  view  of  the  Coinage  of  Scotland,  with  copious  tables,  lists, 
descriptions,  and  extracts  from  Acts  of  Parliament,  and  an 
accbunt  of  numerous  hoards  or  parcels  of  Coins  discovered  in 
Scotland,  and  of  Scottish  Coins  found  in  Ireland,  illustrated 
with  upwards  of  350  engravings  of  Scottish  Coins,  a  large 
number  of  them  unpublished.  By  JOHN  LINDSAY,  Esq.,  Barris- 
ter-at-Law,  etc.  etc.  Cork:  BOLSTER,  1845.  4to. 

The  coinage  of  few  nations  is  more  interesting,  and  at  the 
same  time  more  difficult,  than  that  of  Scotland  ;  and  the  close 
connection  which  has  ever  been  maintained  between  the  ancient  king- 
dom of  Scotland  and  our  own  gives  an  additional  value  to  all 
that  concerns  her  history  and  antiquities. 

In  the  work  before  us,  Mr.  Lindsay  has  given  by  far  the  most 
complete  and  accurate  account  of  this  subject,  and  henceforth  the 
large  book  of  Caidonnell  may  be  laid  aside. 

Mr.  Akerman  in  his  "Numismatic  Manual^  published  in 
1839,  has  the  following  remarks,  "It  is  a  reproach  to  Scottish 
antiquaries,  that  we  have  no  work  of  recent  date  on  the  coins  of 
that  country.  The  volume  of  Cardonnell  is  so  imperfect,  and 
the  plates  so  execrably  engraved,  that  little  use  can  be  made  of 
them."  This  reproach  is  now  wiped  away,  and  the  subject  of 
Scottish  coins  is  as  fully  discussed  in  the  volume  before  us  as 
that  of  the  English  Silver  by  Mr.  Hawkins,  and  in  a  more  philo- 
sophical spirit.  The  appropriation  of  the  short  cross  pennies, 
bearing  the  name  of  Alexander,  to  the  second  monarch  so  called, 
is  clearly  made  out,  and  an  additional  reason  is  thus  given  for 
the  appropriation  to  Henry  III.  of  the  similar  coins  in  the 
English  series.  This  is  not  the  first  time  Mr.  Lindsay  has  done 
good  service  to  the  cause  of  numismatic  science.  His  works  on 
the  Irish  coinage,  and  on  that  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  are  of  the 
very  highest  degree  of  merit,  and  it  is  not  a  little  owing  to  his 
exertions,  that  so  vigorous  a  spirit  has  been  infused  into  the 
minds  of  our  more  recent  investigators  into  the  antiquities  of 
Ireland  and  Scotland.  It  would  be  unjust  to  close  this  brief 
notice  without  alluding  to  the  successful  researches  in  the  same 
field,  of  Mr.  Sainthill  and  Dr.  Aquila  Smith. 

VOL.    VIII.  A    A 


172 

NUMISMATIC  PUBLICATIONS. 

REVUE  NUMISMATIQUE.     MELANGES. 
JAUARY  AND  FEBRUARY. 

I.  Eloi  Johanneau. — Nouvelle  Explication  de  la  Legend  "  DUCISIT 
AQUITANIE."     Pp.  81 — 84. 

Two  opinions  have  been  given  upon  the  meaning  of  this  word. 

1.  That  of  Ainslie,  who  thinks  that  it  stands  for  DUCISIA;  and, 

2.  That  of  M.Jouannet,  who  supposes  that  it  is  another  word 
for  the  French,  Ducat.     M.  Johanneau  proposes  a  new  reading, 
Ducisita,  which  he  imagines  may  be  a  diminutive  of  Ducissa,  and 
would  suit  Alienor,  duchess  of  Aquitaine,  in  1136.     This  seems 
to  be  a  very  probable  idea. 

MARCH  AND  APRIL. 

II.  A.  du  Chalais. — Explication  des  Sigles  Merovingiens,  C.  A. 

There  has  been  considerable  doubt  as  to  what  these  two  letters 
refer.  Many  have  thought  that  they  should  be  interpreted  Clo- 
tarius  ;  others  Crux  Ave,  Crux  Admirabilis,  etc.  M.  du  Chalais, 
with  M.  Cartier,  have  come  to  the  conclusion,  from  a  sarcophagus 
which  has  been  found  near  Herculaneurn,  that  it  should  rather  be 
Crux  Adoranda. 

III.  A.  de  Gourgue. — Denier  de  L'Abbaye  de  Sainte-Marie  de 

Saintes. 

This  is  a  short  notice  of  an  attribution  by  M.  Barthelemy,  in 
the  Revue  for  1843,  of  a  denier  to  this  abbey,  which  M.  de 
Gourgue  doubts.  The  whole  question  turns  on  the  proper  inter- 
pretation of  the  Chartulary  of  the  Abbey  of  Saintes,  which  was 
first  published  by  M.  Barthelemy. 

IV.  Discovery  at  Nogent-sur-Eure. 

A  husbandman,  in  tilling  the  ground  at  Nogent-sur-Eure,  in 
the  Arrondissement  de  Chartres,  has  discovered  lately  a  pot,  in 
which  were  610  Roman  coins  in  silver,  copper,  and  billon,  and 
comprehending  emperors  from  Maximinus  to  Postumus. 

V.  Du  Mersan.— Rectification  Numismatique.     Pp.  238—239. 

M.  du  Mersan  notices  a  mistake  which  Mionnet  has  made  in 
the  translation  of  a  Latin  description  by  Sestini,  of  a  coin  of 
Lacedternon,  and  adds,  that  Sestini  is  himself  wrong  in  his  attri- 
bution, as  the  coin  really  belongs  to  Patraus,  king  of  Pseonia. 


NUMISMATIC    PUBLICATIONS.  173 

VI.  Marquis  de  Lagoy. — Evaluations  ponder  ales  sur  les  Monnaies. 

Pp.239— 243. 

This  is  a  reply  to  a  paper  in  the  last  monthly  number  of  the 
Revue,  in  which  M.  du  Chalais  calls  in  question  some  dates  on 
Merovingian  coins  which  M.  de  Lagoy  had  suggested.  M.  de 
Lagoy  points  out,  that  M.  du  Chalais  has  not  quoted  Eckhel  to 
much  purpose,  in  that,  in  the  passage  to  which  he  refers,  Eckhel 
does  not  state  whether  drachma  means  value  or  weight;  and, 
secondly,  That  the  modern  French  pieces,  which  M.  du  Chalais 
cites,  are  not  money  at  all. 

VII.  Anatole  Barthelemy. — Denier  de  Sainte  Marie  de  Saintes. 

Pp.  243—244. 

This  is  a  reply  to  M.  de  Gourgue,  who  in  the  last  number  of 
the  Revue,  had  disputed  the  attribution  by  M.  Barthelemy,  of  a 
denier,  to  this  abbey.  M.  Barthelemy  fortifies  his  previous 
opinion,  by  reference  to  the  charter  of  St.  Marie  de  Saintes,  and 
to  the  explanation  given  by  M.  Du  Cange,  of  the  words  moneta  and 
monetagium. 

MARCH  AND  APRIL. 

VIII.  /.   de    Whitte. — Nouvelles  Annales  publ.  par  la  Section 
Francaise  de  I'Institut.  Archeologique.     1836-1839.     Second 
Notice.     Pp.222— 234. 

M.  de  Whitte  has  already  in  the  previous  monthly  number  of 
the  Revue,  called  attention  to  some  numismatical  essays  in  the 
Nouvelles  Annales.  He  now  proceeds  to  notice  a  very  interesting 
one  by  M.  de  Longperier,  sur  les  Medailles  inedites  de  Samus,  de 
Philadelphie  et  de  quelques  autres  villes  de  la  Cilicie.  M.  de 
Longperier^  in  the  essay,  gives  an  account  of  some  coins,  hitherto 
unedited,  belonging  to  the  Cilician  town  of  Samus,  Hierapolis, 
Coracesium,  Philadelphia,  and  Dio  Caesarea,  and  examines,  with 
considerable  ability,  the  local  legends  and  myths  which  have 
determined  the  1ypes  on  the  Cilician  money.  Under  the  head  of 
Hieropolis,  he  discusses  the  questions,  whether  Eckhel  is  right  in 
supposing  Hieropolis  and  Megarsus  to  be  one  and  the  same  place ; 
and  considers  Mionnet  is  correct  in  his  idea,  that  the  coins  which 
bear  the  united  names  of  Hieropolis  and  Castabala,  refer  to  an 
alliance  between  these  two  cities,  an  hypothesis  which  Eckhel  had 
rejected,  because  he  thought  this  Castabaia  was  rather  a  city  in 
Cappadocia  than  in  Cilicia.  M.  de  Whitte  concludes  his  analysis 
of  M.  de  Longperier' s  paper,  with  some  sensible  remarks  on  the 
application  of  myths  in  the  explanation  of  types. 


174  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

IX.  J.  de  Whitte. — Nouvelles  Annales  publ.  par  la  Section  Fran* 

qaise  de  VInstitut.  Archeologique.      1836-1839. 

M  de  Whitte  proposes  to  give  a  concise  survey  of  the  principal 
numismatic  papers  which  have  appeared  in  these  Annales.  The 
first  he  notices  is  a  letter  by  M.  Raoul-Rochette  to  M.  Grotefend, 
entitled  "  Lettre  sur  quelques  Medailles  des  Rois  des  Odryses  et 
des  Thraces,"  which  M.  de  Whitte  justly  thinks  of  some  import- 
ance, from  the  determination  of  certain  coins  (hitherto  attributed 
to  Asplepon  in  Bceotia)  to  Sparadacus,  king  of  the  Odrysce. 
M.  Raoul-Rochette  then  makes  some  remarks  on  the  coins  hitherto 
assigned  to  the  Osscei.  The  second  paper  M.  de  Whitte  considers, 
is  one  by  the  Due  de  Luynes,  "  Sur  les  Monnaies  incuses  de  la 
Grand  Grece"  in  which  he  attempts  to  shew  that  these  coins  are 
as  early  as  the  time  of  Pythagoras,  and  are  the  result  of  an 
alliance  between  the  Italian  states,  owing  to  the  influence  of  that 
philosopher.  For  this  purpose,  the  Due  de  Luynes  examines 
the  topography,  mythological  traditions,  and  historical  events  of 
Tarentum,  Metapontum,  etc.  etc.,  and  concludes  his  paper,  by 
attributing  to  the  influence  of  Pythagoras  the  type  of  the  crane 
standing  by  the  tripod  of  Apollo,  on  the  coins  of  Crotona.  Thirdly, 
M.  de  Whitte  mentions  a  review  by  the  Due  de  Luynes,  of  a  work 
by  M.  Millingen,  called  a  "  Sylloge  of  Ancient  Unedited  Coins  of 
Greek  Cities  and  Kings." 

X.  E.  Cartier. — Recherches  sur  les  Monnaies  des  Comtes  et  Dues 

de  Bar,  etc.  etc.  Par  M.  de  Saulcy.  1843. 
This  is  a  notice  by  M.  Cartier,  of  a  valuable  addition  by  M.  de 
Saulcy  to  the  numismatic  monographies  of  the  French  provinces, 
and  especially  to  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  Toul,  Verdun,  and 
Metz,  and  the  duchy  of  Bar.  It  is  chiefly  valuable  as  a  supple- 
ment to  the  history  of  the  ducal  money  of  Lorraine  since  the 
duchy  of  Bar,  which  in  early  times  had  been  severed  from  Lor- 
raine, became,  again,  in  the  fifteenth  century,  subject  to  the 
dukes  of  Lorraine.  The  earliest  known  money  of  Bar  is  that  of 
Henry  II.,  the  eleventh  count ;  but  M.  de  Saulcy  argues  strongly 
in  favour  of  the  probability,  that  earlier  coins  will  eventually  be 
found,  drawing  his  conclusion  from  the  analogy  of  the  similar  case 
of  the  coins  of  the  rulers  of  La  Basse  Lorraine. 

XI.  A.   du  Chalais. — Medaille  incdite  f rappee  a  Lyons  lors  du 
passage  de  Louis  XII. ,  dans  ceite  ville,  par  M.  A.  Barthelemy. 
Paris,  1843. 

This  is  a  short  notice  of  a  curious  medal,  struck  during  the 
residence  of  Louis  XII.,  at  Lyons,  in  1499-1500,  and  published 
by  M.  Anatole  de  Barthelemy,  in  the  Revue  de  Provence  et  de 
Paris,  pp.  313  et  seq.  M.  Desains  published,  not  long  ago,  some 
mereaux  of  Louis  XII.,  with  a  similar  legend. 


175 


XIII. 

AN  ATTEMPT  TO  EXPLAIN  SOME  OF  THE  MONO- 
GRAMS FOUND  UPON  THE  GRECIAN  COINS 
OF  ARIANA  AND  INDIA. 

THE  subject  of  Grecian  monograms  has  engaged  the 
attention  of  several  learned  numismatists ;  but  the  results 
have  been  so  unsatisfactory,  that  most  have  given  it  up  in 
despair. 

Both  Montfaucon  and  Havercamp  have  attempted  their 
explanation,  but  with  only  partial  success.  The  former 
referred  them  all  to  cities  and  people.1  Frolich  candidly 
confesses  that  the  signification  of  the  monograms  on  the 
Syrian  coins  was  a  riddle2 ;  but  he  has  nevertheless  given 
explanations  of  the  eighty-six  monograms  contained  in  his 
twentieth  plate.  These  explanations  are  probably  copied 
from  the  work  of  Havercamp  which  was  published  fifteen 
years  before  he  wrote.  Spanheim  admitted  the  value  of 
the  monograms,  but  did  not  attempt  their  explanation. 
Haym  in  his  "  Tesoro,"  declares  with  great  simplicity  that 
"because  they  are  of  unknown  signification,  they  do  not 
deserve  to  be  described."  No  explanation  is  attempted  of 
the  four  hundred  and  twenty  monograms  in  Combe's  cata- 
logue of  the  Greek  coins  in  the  Hunterian  Museum,  nor  of 
the  four  hundred  and  fifty-five  monograms  in  Rasch's 
"  Lexicon  Numismaticum."  Lastly  Gusseme  in  his  "  Dic- 


1  Cough's  Coins  of  the  Seleucidae,  p.  7,8. 

2  Annales  comp.  Regum  et  Rerum    Syrise,  Prolegom.  p.  55. — 
"  Oedipo  Opus." 

VOL.   VIII.  B  B 


176  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

cionario  Numismatico,"  quietly  gives  them  up  as  of 
"  uncertain  signification,  from  their  appearing  on  so  many 
different  coins."3 

In  1841,  1  prepared  the  accompanying  plate  of  mono- 
grams, found  on  the  Ariano-Grecian  coins  of  the  several 
collections  that  had  been  kindly  submitted  to  me  for  pub- 
lication. At  the  same  time,  I  laid  before  Professor  Lassen 
many  of  the  explications  now  published ;  of  which  several 
appeared  to  him  decisive.  Mine  was,  I  believe,  the  first  at- 
tempt; for  M,  Raoul-Rochette,  in  his  learned  papers  on  the 
Bactro-Grecian  coins  in  the  "Journal  des  Savants,''  had  con- 
fined his  accounts  of  the  monograms  to  a  notice  of  the 
simple  fact  that  each  was  composed  of  a  certain  number  of 
Greek  letters.  In  1836,  however,  Mr.  Masson,  after  a  care- 
ful comparison  of  his  large  collection,  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  "  as  the  same  monograms  occurred  on  the  coins  of  more 
than  one  prince,  they  might  be  presumed  [to  be]  mono- 
grams of  locality."4  Professor  Wilson  also,  writing  in 
1841  (although  his  work  was  not  published  till  the  year 
following),  says  that  the  monograms  on  the  Bactrian  medals 
denote  "probably  the  places  where  they  were  coined."5 

Just  one  year  before  the  publication  of  Havercamp's  work, 
Bayer  had  issued  his  "  Historia  Regni  Graecorum  Bactriani," 
in  which  he  describes  a  tetradrachm  of  Eucratides  with  the 
monogram  HP  forming,  according  to  him,  the  two  letters  H 
and  P,  or  one  hundred  and  eight  of  the  Bactrian  era,  148, 
B.C.6  But  the  same  monogram  occurs  on  a  coin  of  Alex- 
ander Balas,  along  with  the  date  r,  B,  P  or  one  hundred 


3  Gough's  Coins  of  the  Seleucidse,  p.  7,8,9. 

4  Jour.  As.  Soc.  Bengal,  vol.  v.  p.  545. 
3  Ariana  Antiqua,  p.  223. 

fi  Bayer,  Hist.  Reg.  Grsec.—  Bactr.  p.  56. 


COINS  OF  ARIANA    AND  INDIA.  177 

and  sixty-three  of  the  Seleucidan  era,  149  B.C.;  and  again 
on  a  coin  of  Alexander  II.  of  Epirus,  B.  c.  272,  which  is 
attributed  by  Frb'lich7  to  Alexander  the  Great.  It  is  clear, 
therefore,  that  this  monogram  cannot  refer  to  a  date.  In- 
deed, I  have  always  considered  it  impossible  that  any  dates 
could  have  been  expressed  in  monograms ;  for  although  the 
monogram  just  discussed  may  be  read  simply  as  H  and  P, 
yet  it  may  also  stand  for  H,  I,  P,  or  one  hundred  and 
eighteen ;  and  for  H,  n,  P,  or  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight. 
This  uncertainty  is,  in  my  opinion,  alone  sufficient  to  prove 
that  dates  could  never  have  been  expressed  in  monogram- 
matic  characters. 

Indeed,  it  seems  to  me  obvious,  that  when  the  same 
monograms  are  found  on  the  coins  of  several  princes,  they 
must  represent  the  names  either  of  persons  or  of  places; 
that  is,  of  mint-masters,  or  of  mints.  It  was  this  conclusion, 
that  led  me  to  attempt  the  explication  of  the  monograms, 
now  offered. 

In  the  accompanying  plate,  I  have  numbered  all  the 
monograms  which  have  come  to  my  knowledge,  after  a 
careful  examination  of  several  thousands  of  coins.  I  have 
also  arranged  them  in  a  manner  peculiarly  convenient  for 
reference;  so  that  one  may  see  at  a  glance,  the  names  of  all 
the  princes  who  used  any  particular  monogram,  and  all  the 
monograms  used  by  any  one  prince.  Or,  in  other  words, 
if  my  explication  of  the  monograms  is  correct,  this  plate 
shews  at  one  viewr  all  the  princes  who  possessed  any  parti- 
cular city,  as  well  as  all  the  chief  cities  over  which  any 
particular  prince  ruled.  The  monograms  thus  become  of 
the  greatest  value  and  assistance  in  enabling  us  to  fix  the 

7  Annales,  tab.  i.  fig.  1. 


178  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

localities  of  the  different  dynasties  of  the  Greeks,  the  suc- 
cessors of  Alexander  in  Ariana  and  India. 

The  number  of  mints  which  are  found  in  the  Kabul 
valley  alone,  is  almost  beyond  belief ;  but  Alexandria,  Kar- 
tana,  and  Peukela,  appear  to  have  been  the  only  three  which 
were  permanently  established,  Some  others,  such  as  Taxila, 
Nikaia,  Ortospana  or  Kabul,  and  Dionysopolis,  were  used 
only  occasionally :  perhaps  according  to  the  caprice  or  ne- 
cessities of  their  different  rulers.  Ortospana  or  Kabul, 
however,  would  appear  to  have  been  the  favourite  residence 
of  Hermaeus  and  his  immediate  successors. 

There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  Kabul  valley  was  the 
scene  of  fierce  contention  amongst  the  petty  Indo-Grecian 
princes,  for  many  years  after  the  murder  of  Eucratides, 
until  the  whole  country  was  effectually  brought  under  the 
sole  rule  of  Menander.  It  is  possible,  therefore,  that  the 
same  city  might  have  belonged  to  two,  or  even  three  diffe- 
rent princes  within  the  same  year,  according  to  the  fortune 
of  war.  We  may  thus  account  for  the  same  monograms 
appearing  upon  the  coins  of  several  princes  who  must  have 
been  contemporaries. 

On  some  coins  of  Demetrius,  Eucratides,  Apollodotus, 
and  Menander,  the  monograms  are  accompanied  by  single 
letters ;  and  on  a  solitary  specimen  of  Apollodotus,  there 
occur  two  separate  letters  with  the  monogram.  As  these 
letters,  with  a  single  exception,  alt  represent  low  numbers, 
they  probably  denote  the  current  years  of  the  reigns  of  the 
different  princes.  The  exception  is  the  letter  2  which  is 
found  in  company  with  two  different  monograms  on  the 
coins  of  Diomedes,  Lysias,  Antialcidas,  and  Strato. 

No.  1. — Also  No.  1  of  Wilson's  monograms.  This  is  found 
on  the  unique  and  beautiful  tetradrachm  of  Diodotus,  and 
on  the  unique  didrachrn  of  Euthydemus.  From  its  occur- 


COINS  OF  ARIANA   AND  INDIA.  179 

rence  on  a  coin  of  Diodotus,  this  monogram  must  represent 
some  city  in  Bactria,  Margiana,  or  Aria.  It  forms 
TATKIANA  the  name  of  a  city  placed  by  Ptolemy  near 
the  Arius  river,  which  should  probably  be  read  as 
TAAIKANA.  The  Chinese  pilgrim  Hwan  Thsang  men- 
tions Ta-la-kian8  to  the  westward  of  Balkh,  in  A.D.  628 — 
645.  It  is  the  ^Ullk,  Talikan  of  the  Arabian  geographers. 
Jenghiz  Khan  took  the  place  by  storm,  after  a  desperate 
siege  of  seven  months;  at  which  time  it  was  considered 
"  the  strongest  fort  in  all  Asia."9  It  stood  on  a  steep  hill 
called  Nukra-koh,  or  "  silver  mountain,"  by  the  Moguls, 
because  it  possessed  several  silver  mines.  This  last  cir- 
cumstance, combined  with  its  natural  strength,  renders  it 
highly  probable  that  Tdlikdn  should  have  been  chosen  by 
the  early  Bactrian  kings,  as  a  convenient  place  for  a  mint  as 
well  as  a  safe  place  for  a  treasury.  Talikan  was  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-eight  miles  to  the  W.  S.  W.  of  Balkh,  on  the 
high  road  leading  both  from  Merv  and  from  Herat.10  It  is 
probably  the  Tapauria  of  Polybius  near  the  Arius  river, 
where  Euthydemus  placed  his  army  to  oppose  the  advance 
of  Antiochus  the  Great  ;  and  which  must,  therefore,  have 
been  on  the  high  road  between  Aria  and  Bactria. 

No.  2.— Also  No.  57  of  Frolich;  Nos.  5,  9,  and  46  of 
Gough.  This  occurs  on  a  drachma  of  Diodotus,  and  on 
both  the  silver  and  copper  coins  of  Seleucus  Nicator,  but 
not  on  those  of  his  successors.  The  natural  inference  from 
these  facts  is,  that  this  monogram  represents  the  name  of 
a  city,  which  once  belonged  to  the  Seleucidse,  but  was  after- 
wards wrested  from  them  by  Diodotus.  The  monogram 


8  Foe-kue-ki,  Appendix,  p.  378. 

<J  History  of  Jenghiz    Khan  by  Petit  de  la  Croix. —  English 
translation,  p.  286. 

10  Idrisi. — French  translation,  vol.  i.  p. 478. 


180  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE, 

forms  MAPriANH,  the  name  of  the  capital  of  Margiana, 
which  was  at  first  called  Seleucia  Margiane,  and  afterwards 
Antiochia  Margiane  ;  and  which  was  undoubtedly  one  of 
the  principal  cities  belonging  to  Diodotus. 

No.  4.—  Also  Nos.  8,  84,  87  and  89  of  Wilson.  This 
monogram  is  of  common  occurrence  on  the  coins  of 
Agathocles,  Euthydemus,  Demetrius,  Eucratides,  Amyntas 
and  Hermaeus.  As  the  coins  of  the  last  three  kings  are 
never  found  to  the  north  of  the  Caucasus  ;  and  as  those  of 
Hermaeus  are  found  only  in  the  upper  and  middle  Kabul 
valley;  it  must  be  the  name  of  some  city  either  of  the 
Paropamisadae  or  of  the  Aspii  and  Nysaeans.  The  mono- 
gram is  formed  of  the  letters  O<J>I  which  I  take  to  repre- 
sent O$IANH,  or  "Alexandria  ad  Caucasum."  Stephen  of 
Byzantium11  calls  this  place  Alexandreia  Opiane,  and  the 
people  Opiai.  In  A.D.  628  —  45,  the  Chinese  pilgrim,  Hwan 
Thsang,12  calls  Hu-phi-na  the  capital  of  Foe-li-shi-sa-tang- 
na,  or  Pa-rashasthan  ;  that  is  the  country  of  the  Parashas, 
whom  I  identify  with  the  Parsii  of  Ptolemy,  in  their  towns 
Parsia  and  Parsiana  ;  and  with  the  modern  Pachais,  who 
yet  inhabit  the  Panjshir  valley  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Opiyan.  The  Emperor  Baber,15  in  coming  to  Kabul  from 
the  north,  crossed  the  Hupian  Pass,  which  still  bears  the 
same  name. 

Masson  says,  "  Hupian  is  distinguished  by  its  huge  arti- 
ficial mounds,  from  which  copious  antique  treasures  have 
been  extracted  :"  and  again,  <*  it  possesses  many  vestiges  of 
antiquity;  yet,  as  they  are  exclusively  of  a  sepulchral  and 
religious  character,  the  site  of  the  city  to  which  they  refer, 


1    In  voce  A\eE,a.v$p£ta.  TrtjUTrrrj,  kv  rfj  'Omarf},  Kara  rr\v  \ 
The  name  of  the  people  is  QHIAI,  with  the  £L 

12  Foe-kue-ki.  —  Appendix  p.  395. 

13  Commentaries,  p.  133. 


COINS  OF  ARIANA   AND  INDIA.  181 

may  rather  be  looked  for  at  the  actual  village  of  Malek 
Hupian  on  the  plain  below,  and  near  Charikar."14  The 
position  of  Hupian  agrees  also  with  that  obtained  from  the 
measurements  of  Diognetes  and  Boston ;  which  place 
Alexandria  fifty  Roman  miles,  or  forty-five  and  a  half  Eng- 
lish miles,  from  Ortospaiia  or  Kabul.  Now,  the  distance 
from  Hupian  to  Kabul  is  only  thirty-eight  miles  :  but,  as  it 
is  most  probable  that  the  old  capital  was  situated  at  Be- 
gram,  eight  miles  to  the  south-east  of  Kabul,  this  distance 
will  be  increased  to  forty  six  miles,  which  is  within  half  a 
mile  of  the  measurement  of  Alexander's  surveyors. 

Again  the  distance  from  Alexandria  to  Peukelaotis  was 
two  hundred  and  fifty  Roman,  or  two  hundred  and  twenty 
seven  British,  miles.  Now  the  distance  between  Hupian 
arid  Hashtnagar,  via  Charikar,  Akseria,  and  the  Ltittabund 
Pass,  is  about  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles.  If  the 
measurement  be  made  along  the  northern  bank  of  the 
Kabul  river,  the  distance  will  be  something  more,  or  about 
two  hundred  and  thirty  miles. 

These  measurements  alone  are  sufficient  to  point  out 
that  the  position  of  Alexandria  can  only  be  to  the  north  of 
Kabul.  Many  writers  have  fixed  upon  Bamian  or  its 
vicinity,  for  the  position  of  Alexandria;  but  Bamian  is  ninety- 
nine  miles  to  the  westward  of  Kabul,  or  two  hundred  and 
ninety  -four  miles  from  Hashtnagar  or  Peukelaotis :  that  is, 
sixty-seven  miles  in  excess  of  the  measurement  given  by 
Alexander's  surveyors.  Bainian,  is  besides,  on  the  northern 
or  Bactrian  side  of  the  Caucasus,  which  is  a  fatal  objection 
to  its  identification  with  Alexandria. 

No.  5. — Also  No.  90  of  Wilson — forming  API. 


14   Baluchistan,    Afghanistan   and   the    Punjab,  vol.  iii.  p.l26: 
and  p.  161. 


182  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

No.  6.  Forming  AP1FAI. 

As  these  monograms  occur  on  the  coins  of  Agathocles 
and  Apollodotus,  they  most  probably  represent  the  name  of 
some  town  in  the  Kabul  valley.  The  only  one  which  I 
can  propose  is  Arigoeum^  a  place  so  commodiously  situated, 
that  Alexander  ordered  Craterus  to  rebuild  it.15  Its  posi- 
tion must  be  looked  for  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Kunar 
river,  probably  at  Nurgal  or  Chagan- Serai. 

No.  7.— Nos.  2,  3,  and  83  of  Wilson  ;  forming  KAP. 

No.  44. — Nos.  56  and  73  of  Wilson  ;  forming  KAP. 

This  is  the  commonest  of  all  the  monograms,  as  it  occurs 
on  the  coins  of  no  less  than  eleven  different  princes  from 
Euthydemus  to  Hermanns.  It  must,  therefore,  be  the 
name  of  some  place  of  great  consequence  which  was  once 
the  capital  of  the  upper  Kabul  valley.  During  the  pure 
Greek  period,  there  are  but  two  princes  whose  coins  have 
been  found  in  any  number,  that  do  not  use  this  monogram. 
These  princes  are  Antimachus  and  Philoxenes:  but  on  their 
coins  there  occurs  a  very  common  monogram,  No.  10,  and 
also  another  less  common  one,  No.  46,  neither  of  which 
have  I  found  on  any  coin  of  Apollodotus.  Now  these  two 
monograms  form  combinations  of  letters,  which  I  take  to 
represent  the  names  of  Dionysopolis  and  Peukela,  or  the 
modern  Jelalabad,  and  Hashtnagar  to  the  north  of  Pesh- 
awar. The  greater  number  of  the  coins  of  these  two 
princes  have  been  discovered  in  the  lower  Kabul  valley 
and  in  the  Punjab,  while  those  of  Apollodotus,  which 
abound  at  Begram  are  but  rarely  found  to  the  eastward  of 
Kabul.  These  facts  seem  to  point  out  that  the  city  re- 
presented by  the  monogram  now  under  discussion,  must 
have  been  situated  in  the  upper  Kabul  valley. 

15  Arrian,  book  iv.  chap.  24. 


COINS  OF  ARIANA  AND  INDIA.  183 

I  believe  it  to  represent  the  Kartana  of  Pliny,  a  town 
situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Caucasus,  which  was  afterwards 
called  Tetragonis.l&  Ptolemy  has  a  town  named  Kaisana 
or  Karnasa,  below  the  Lambage,  and  a  little  to  the  east- 
ward of  the  Paropamisadae  ;  and  in  the  Peutingerian  tables, 
there  is  a  large  town  called  Karsania  at  four  hundred  and 
twenty-four  Roman,  or  three  hundred  and  eighty-six  and 
a  half  British,  miles  from  Bucefalos.  All  these  various 
readings,  Kartana,  Karsania,  Kaisana,  and  Karnasa,  seem  to 
me  to  be  only  slightly  different  spellings  of  the  same  name, 
which  I  shall  call  Kartana ;  although  three  readings  are  in 
favor  of  the  s  in  preference  to  the  t. 

I  propose  to  identify  Kartana  with  the  ruins  of  Begram 
to  the  north  of  Kabul.  This  emplacement  agrees  exactly 
with  the  measurement  already  quoted  from  the  Peutin- 
gerian tables ;  for  the  distance  from  the  town  of  Jehlam 
(Bucefalos)  to  the  plain  of  Begram,  by  either  the  northern 
or  the  southern  road,  is  between  three  hundred  and  eighty, 
and  three  hundred  and  ninety  miles.  The  position  of  Begram 
is,  besides,  precisely  as  Pliny  describes  that  of  Kartana, 
"  at  the  foot  of  the  Caucasus."  But  the  strongest  proof 
in  favour  of  the  proposed  identification  of  these  two  places, 
is  the  other  fact  mentioned  by  Pliny,  that  Kartana  was 
afterwards  called  Tetragonos,  or  The  Square;  which  agrees 
precisely  with  the  description  of  the  ruins  at  the  present 
day.  Masson17,  who  examined  them  carefully,  says,  "  Tra- 
dition calls  Begram,  ShehrYunan  (a  Greek  city)."  Again, 
south  of  Abdula  Burj  on  the  northern  side  of  the  plain  of 
Begram,  there  "are  some  mounds  of  great  magnitude, 


16 


Pliny,  lib.  vi.  sec  25. 
17  Baluchistan,    Afghanistan,   and  the   Panjab,   vol.  iii.  p.  155. 
159. 


VOL.  VITT.  C  C 


184  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 

accurately  describing  a  square  of  considerable  dimensions/' 
These  mounds  are  made  of  sun-dried  bricks,  and  are  the 
remains  of  walls  sixty  feet  in  thickness.  It  is  probable,  from 
these  accounts,  that  the  town  was  called  Kartana;  and  that 
the  gigantic  brick  mounds  sixty  feet  in  thickness,  accurately 
forming  a  square,  are  the  ruins  of  a  Grecian  citadel  named 
Tetragonos. 

The  ruins  of  Begram  are  so  extensive,  and  their  situa- 
tion at  the  junction  of  the  rivers  and  roads  of  all  the 
northern  valleys  is  so  happy,  that  there  can  be  no  doubt 
they  are  the  remains  of  a  great  city  which  was  once  the 
capital  of  the  upper  Kabul  valley.  The  number  and 
variety  of  the  coins  that  are  yearly  found  there,  ranging 
from  Alexander  the  Great  down  to  Mohammed  Ghori,  show 
clearly  that  Begram  must  have  been  one  of  the  chief  cities, 
if  not  the  capital  of  the  valley  for  a  period  of  at  least  fifteen 
hundred  years. 

No.  10.— Nos.  34,  36,  41,  46,  51,  53,  62,  and  80  of 
Wilson. 

This  is  also  a  very  common  monogram ;  as  I  have  found 
it  on  the  coins  of  no  less  than  eight  different  princes  from 
Eucratides  to  Strato.  Apollodotus,  as  before  mentioned, 
is  the  only  prince  whose  coins  are  common  who  does  not 
use  this  monogram.  I  read  it,  with  some  hesitation,  as 
HEYKEAAZ,  the  Peukela  of  Strabo,  which  is  a  literal 
rendering  of  the  Pali,  Pukkala.  The  Sanscrit  is  Pushkala, 
the  contracted  form  of  Pushkalavati,  which  is  preserved  by 
the  Chinese  pilgrim  Hwan  Thsang18  in  Pu-se-ko-la-fa-ti. 
The  other  Greek  readings,  Peukelaotis,  and  Peukolaitis, 
are  derived  from  Pukkalaoti,  the  Pali  or  spoken  form  of 
Pushkalavati.  According  to  Hwan  Thsang,  this  city  was 

18  Foe-kue-ki. — Appendix,  p.  379. 


COINS  OF  ARIANA  AND  INDIA.  185 

on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  at  fifty  li  to  the  N.E. 
from  Pa-lu-sha  or  Pu-la-sha-pu-lo;  the  Pershawur  of  Baber 
and  Abul  Fazl,  and  the  Peshawar  of  the  present  day. 
This  corresponds  exactly  with  the  position  of  Hasht- 
nagar. 

A  preferable  reading  of  this  monogram,  in  my  opinion, 
would  be  AHMHT,  for  Demetrius :  but  unfortunately  we 
have  no  notice  of  any  place  of  this  name,  either  in  the 
Kabul  valley  or  in  the  Western  Panjab.  It  is  quite 
possible,  however,  that  Demetrius,  following  the  example  of 
his  father,  should  have  named  more  than  one  place  after 
himself.  We  know  of  one  Demetrias  in  Arachosia;  and 
that  there  was  a  Euthydemia  on  the  Hydaspes,  besides 
one  in  Bactria.19  This  reading  is  rendered  highly  probable 
by  the  addition  of  the  letter  P  to  this  monogram,  which  is 
found  upon  the  unique  coin  of  Strato  and  Agathoklea 
(No. 34  of  Wilson).  It  is  just  possible,  that  this  addition 
owes  its  existence  to  the  original  engraver,  Jas.  Prinsep,  a 
point  which  can  easily  be  ascertained  by  an  inspection  of 
the  coin  itself,  which  is  now  in  England  in  the  possession 
of  Dr.  Swiney.  If,  however,  the  additional  letter  is  correct, 
it  is  clear  that  this  monogram  can  only  represent  some 
name  containing  the  letter  P.  Amongst  the  few  names  in 
which  that  letter  occurs,  I  do  not  find  one  that  can  be 
formed  by  the  present  monogram.  The  only  natural  com- 
bination that  1  can  trace,  is  AHMHT,  extended  on  the 
coin  of  Agathoklea  to  AHMIITPI,  which  is  clearly  Deme- 
trias. This  must  be  the  name  of  a  city  founded  or 


19  Bayer  was  the  first  to  correct  Ptolemy's  EY0TMHAIA  to 
EY0YAHMIA.  In  the  same  way  I  propose  to  read  Ptolemy's 
barbarous  EYOYSMOY  AN ASS A  as  EY0YAHMOY  AN  ASS  A, 
a  correction  which  seems  as  natural  as  it  is  necessary. 


186  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

rebuilt  by  Demetrius ;  and  if  my  reading  be  admitted,  I  can 
suggest  no  position  so  probable  as  that  of  Peukela  itself,  or 
the  Begram  near  Peshawar;  for  there  is  only  one  other  very 
rare  monogram  which  can  represent  Peukela;  and  as  that 
occurs  upon  but  two  coins  of  a  single  prince,  we  have  not, 
as  far  as  I  can  trace  from  the  coins,  any  recorded  city  in 
the  lower  Kabul  valley  which  possessed  a  mint.  Peukela 
or  Peukalaotis  may  therefore  have  either  been  rebuilt 
under  a  new  appellation,  or  eclipsed  by  a  new  city  es- 
tablished near  Peshawar  at  Begram ;  a  name  which  signifies 
that  the  spot  was  once  occupied  by  a  capital  city. 

No.  1 1.— No.  66.  of  Wilson,  MINNAFAP. 

No.  34.   MINNAFAP. 

This  monogram  is  not  used  by  any  of  the  purely  Greek 
princes  excepting  Apollodotus;  and  only  upon  his  coins 
which  have  the  title  of  Philopater.  It  occurs  afterwards 
upon  the  coins  of  the  first  Scythians,  Mauas,  and  Azas. 
The  name  is  distinct  and  unequivocal.  Of  the  many  coins 
of  Mauas  which  have  come  to  my  notice,  including  no  less 
than  thirteen  different  types,  all,  save  one  solitary  specimen 
from  Peshawar  were  procured  in  the  Panjab.  Colonel 
Stacey,  however,  informs  me  that  some  few  are  met  with  at 
Kandahar.  Of  the  coins  of  Azas  also,  which  are  particular- 
ly numerous,  it  is  remarkable  that  not  a  single  specimen  was 
obtained  by  Masson  at  Begram.  They  are  occasionally  found 
at  Kandahar;  and  in  the  Panjab  they  are  very  common. 

These  facts  point  to  the  Panjab  as  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment of  Mauas  and  Azas ;  who  perhaps  also  possessed  an 
indirect  sway  over  Arachosia.  Spalirisas,  a  prince  certainly 
of  Parthian  origin,  places  the  name  of  Azas  on  the 
reverses  of  two  of  his  coins.  Now  it  is  remarkable,  that 
all  the  Philopater  coins  of  Apollodotus  which  have  come 
to  my  knowledge  have  been  found  in  the  Panjab.  It  is 
certain,  therefore,  that  the  city  represented  by  this  particular 


COINS    OF    ARIANA    AND    INDIA.  187 

monogram  must  have  been  either  in  the  Panjab,  or  at  some 
place  on  the  lower  Indus  leading  to  Arachosia.  Such  a 
place  was  Minnagara,  which  we  know  to  have  been  a  capi- 
tal city  shortly  after  the  Christian  era.  It  was  probably 
Sehwan. 

The  occurrence  of  this  monogram  upon  the  Philopater 
coins  of  Apollodotus  alone  of  all  those  of  the  purely  Greek 
princes,  is  of  the  greatest  importance  in  illustrating  a  much 
disputed  point  in  the  history  of  these  Indo-Grecian 
kings. 

This  point  is,  Who  was  the  son  and  murderer  of  Eu- 
crafides  ? 

This  is  not  the  place  for  me  to  discuss  either  the  existence 
of  a  second  Eucratides,  or  the  assumed  filiation  of  Heliocles 
by  Mionnet.  It  will  be  sufficient  for  me  to  state  here,  that 
the  former  supposition  was  based  upon  very  slight  evidence, 
which  has  since  been  disproved ;  and  that  the  latter  was  at 
first  founded  upon  an  absurd  reason  by  Mionnet ;  and  has 
since  been  continued  by  a  misapprehension  of  the  legends 
of  the  three-headed  coin  of  Eucratides  and  his  parents,  ob- 
tained by  Dr.  Lord.  On  that  coin,  the  persons  represented 
are  not,  as  stated  by  Professor  Wilson,  the  paramount  king 
Eucratides,  and  his  associated  son  Heliocles,  but  the  youthful 
BA2IAEYS  MEFAS  EYKPAT1AHS,  King  Eucratides  the 
Great  (the  son)  HAIOKAEOYS  KAI  AAOAIKHS,  of  Heliocles 
and  of  Laodike ;  who  are  both  portrayed  of  a  more  mature 
age.  The  connection  between  the  two  legends  is  obvious,20 


20  This  is  still  more  clearly  shown  by  the  opening  words  of  the 
Adulitic  inscription,  Bao-tAtve  peyae  Hro\efj,aio^  VIOQ  fiaaiXewQ 
UroXefJiaiov  KO.I  fici(n\i(T(7r)£  ApfftvorjQ,  from  which  we  may  supply 
the  three  words  omitted  on  the  coin  for  want  of  space,  BASIAEY2 
MEFAS  EYKPAT1AII2  VIOQ  /3a<7i\ewe  IIAIOKAEOYS  KAI 
AAOA1KIIS. 


188  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

and  the  marked  difference  of  ages  alone  is  sufficient  to 
declare  the  relationship  of  the  parties. 

So  far  back  as  1840,  I  published21  my  own  opinion,  that 
Apollodotus  was  the  son  of  Eucratides;  and  my  first 
opinion  has  since  been  amply,  and  I  think  satisfactorily, 
confirmed. 

My  principal  reasons  for  this  belief  may  be  shortly  stated 
as  follows. 

1.  We   know   that    Mithridates   the    Great,  of   Parthia, 
wrested  Arachosia  and  Drangiana  from  the  Eastern  Greeks, 
either  during  the  latter  end  of  the  reign  of  Eucratides,  or 
shortly  after  the  accession  of  his  son.    Now  there  are  found 
in  those   countries  the  coins  of  only  four  purely   Greek 
princes,  Euthydemus,  Demetrius,  Eucratides,  arid  Apollo- 
dotus ;    agreeing  exactly  with  the  number  of  princes  to 
whom  the  possession  of  Arachosia  and  Drangiana  can  be 
assigned  from  the  brief  notices  of  ancient  authors.     These 
are  Euthydemus  and  his  son,  Demetrius;     Eucratides  and 
his  son,  whose  name  has  not  been  recorded.     This  last 
prince  must  therefore  be  Apollodotus. 

2.  We  know  that  the  title  of  Philopater  denotes  associ- 
ation in  the  government.     Now  this  title  is  borne  by  Apol- 
lodotus alone  of  all  the  Eastern  Greek  princes ;  and  Eucra- 
tides is  the  only  king  who  is  recorded  to  have  given  his  son 
a  share  in  the  government.     It  is  therefore  highly  probable 
that  Apollodotus  was  the  son  of  Eucratides. 

3.  We  know  that  Eucratides  was  murdered  by  his  son, 
when  on  his  return  from  his  Indian  campaign,  which  must 
have  been  directed  from   Arachosia  against  the  country 
along  the  lower  Indus ;    for  the   eastern   extension  of  the 


21  Jour.  As.  Soc.  Bengal,  No.  105,  p.  869— 70. 


COINS    OF  ARIANA   AND  INDIA.  189 

Grecian  dominion  was  afterwards  effected  by  Menander.22 
Now  Minnagara  was  one  of  the  chief  cities  on  the  lower 
Indus  ;  and  as  the  Philopater  coins  of  Apollodotus  are  the 
only  pure  Greek  coins  minted  at  that  city,  I  believe  that 
Minnagara  was  the  scene  of  the  association  of  Apollodotus 
in  the  government  with  his  father,  and  that  the  Philopater 
coins  were  struck  upon  the  occasion. 

No.  14.— Nos.  7,  23,  and  27  of  Wilson— TA&IA. 

No.  18.  TA#IA. 

The  former  of  these  monograms  occurs  on  the  coins  of 
Euthydemus,  Demetrius,  Menander  and  Mauas  ;  the  latter 
upon  the  coins  of  Hippostratus  and  Azas.  As  the  dominion 
of  Mauas  was  confined  to  the  Panjab,  we  must  look  for 
the  city  represented  by  this  monogram  to  the  east  of  the 
Indus.  Taxila  answers  this  description;  and  it  is  at  Rawal 
Pindi,  the  presumed  site  of  Taxila,  that  the  coins  of  Mauas 
are  obtained  in  the  greatest  numbers. 

No.  16.— No.  44  of  Wilson. 

This  occurs  only  upon  the  coins  of  Menander,  Archerius, 
and  Mauas.  For  the  reason  just  stated,  we  must  again  look 
to  the  Panjab,  for  the  city  represented  by  this  monogram. 
It  forms  NIK,  which  I  believe  to  be  intended  for  NIKAIA, 
or  Niccea,  the  city  built  by  Alexander  on  the  Hydaspes,  to 
commemorate  his  victory  over  Porus.  It  was  probably  on 
the  site  of  the  modern  town  of  Jehlam. 

No.  19. 

This  occurs  only  upon  the  coins  of  Hermseus,  whose  do- 
minions did  not  extend  below  the  middle  Kabul  vallev. 


22  I  attribute  to  Demetrius  the  extension  of  the  Grecian  domin- 
ion to  the  south,  in  Patalene  and  Syrastrene.  His  Indian  terri- 
tories must  have  embraced  the  country  on  the  Lower  Indus  as 
well  as  Arachosia. 


190  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

The  combination  appears  to  form  KAB,  for  Kaboura  the 
modern  Kabul.  The  name  in  Ptolemy  should  certainly  be 
KABOYAA,  for  he  calls  the  people  KABOAITAI. 

No.  20.— No.  118  of  Wilson. 

This  is  found  upon  the  coins  of  Azas  alone,  and  only 
upon  those  large  square  copper  pieces  which  have  Neptune 
on  one  side,  and  the  river  Indus  personified  on  the  reverse. 
It  forms  the  name  of  BAZAPIA,  the  modern  Bajawar ; 
from  which  place  my  brother  procured  me  upwards  of  one 
hundred  of  the  coins  of  Azas.  This  explication  is  therefore 
probably  correct.  The  combination,  however,  also  forms 
ANAPA,  and  there  is  a  town  named  Andrapana,  to  the  west 
of  the  Indus,  which  may  possibly  be  the  modern  Drabund 
near  Dera  Ismael  Khan.  It  may  also  represent  BANA,  for 
Banagara^  which  I  believe  to  be  the  modern  Kana- 
guram. 

No.  22.— No.  119  of  Wilson. 

This  occurs  only  upon  the  coins  of  Azas;  and  as  it  forms 
the  syllable  AZ,  I  suppose  that  it  may  represent  AZfta,  the 
name  of  a  city  either  founded  or  rebuilt  by  Azas.  It  is 
true,  that  we  have  no  record  of  such  a  place;  but  neither 
have  we  any  mention  of  Azas  himself:  and  it  is  quite  in 
accordance  with  Oriental  as  well  as  Greek  usage,  for  princes 
to  found  or  rebuild  cities  with  their  own  names.  As  the 
Indians  would  have  pronounced  this  name  Ajaya,  "  the  un- 
conquered,"  it  might  have  been  given  as  a  punning  alteration 
of  name  to  Alexander's  city  of  victory,  Niccea  on  the 
Hydaspes. 

No.  23.— No.  113  of  Wilson. 

This  is  found  only  on  the  coins  of  Diomedes  and  of  Azas 
As  the  dominions  of  Azas  certainly  did  not  extend  to  the 
westward  of  the  Khaiber  pass,  although  they  most  probably 
embraced  the  Kuram  valley,  to  the  south  of  the  Safed  Koh, 


COINS    OF  ARIANA    AND  INDIA.  191 

we  must  look  for  the  city  represented  by  this  monogram, 
somewhere  near  the  banks  of  the  Indus.  It  forms  the 
syllable  NAS,  which  I  suppose  to  be  the  abbreviation  of 
NASBANA,  a  town  to  the  west  of  the  Indus.  This  is 
possibly  intended  for  the  celebrated  fortress  of  Naghz  in 
the  Banee  country,  which  was  strengthened  by  Timur. 

The  monogram  is,  however,  always  accompanied  by  another 
in  the  native  character,  of  which  one  component  letter  is 
certainly  s,  which  is  likewise  one  of  the  letters  of  the  Greek 
monogram. 

The  lower  portion  may  be  either  shi,  or  I  and  pi.  We 
have  thus  the  syllables  Salapi;  which  can  also  be  clearly 
traced  in  the  Grecian  monogram.  The  only  name  like  this 
is  the  SAAAFEI2A  of  Ptolemy,  for  which  if  we  might  read 
SAAAI1EI2A,  the  identification  would  be  complete.  This 
place  is  probably  the  modern  Syalkot. 

No.  25. 

This  monogram  occurs  only  upon  the  silver  coins  of 
Hermseus  and  his  Queen  Kalliope,  of  which  I  have  seen 
two  specimens.  At  first,  I  read  the  combination  as  forming 
the  name  of  NI$ANAA,  a  town  of  the  Paropamisadae  men- 
tioned only  Ptolemy;  but  I  think  that  it  may  equally  well 
form  the  name  of  D<MAN  or  DIIIAN,  for  Alexandria 
Opiane,  which  has  already  been  discussed  under  the  head 
of  Monogram,  No.  4.  It  seems  to  me  highly  probable  that 
Ptolemy's  Niphanda  may  be  a  misreading  for  Ophiane. 

No.  26.— Also  No.  26  of  Wilson. 

This  is  a  rare  monogram,  as  it  occurs  only  upon  single 
coins  of  Euthydemus  and  of  Eucratides.  It  forms  the 
letters  O#I,  or  O£7Y  for  H^IANH;  which  may  be  either 
Oxiane  itself,  or  Alexandreia  Oxiane  founded  by  Alexander. 
Both  towns  were  on  the  northern  bank  of  the  Oxus,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Termed. 

VOL.  VIII.  D  D 


192  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

No.  27. 

This  monogram  I  have  found  on  a  single  beautiful 
tetradrachm  of  Heliocles.  It  is  very  doubtful  what  name 
it  may  represent ;  but  I  believe  it  must  be  some  city  of 
Bactria.  It  is  just  possible  that  it  may  be  a  new  com- 
bination of  the  syllable  KAP  for  Kartana,  of  which  I  have 
treated  under  the  head  of  Monogram,  No.  7. 

No.  32.— No.  13  of  Fr51ich. 

This  monogram  I  have  found  only  upon  the  coins  of 
Eucratides.  It  forms  the  syllable  KAII,  which  is  probably 
intended  for  KAITI2A,  a  town  of  the  Paropamisadse,  per- 
haps still  existing  as  Kushan  at  the  entrance  of  the  Kushan, 
or  the  Hindu-Kush  pass.  This,  however,  is  a  very  doubt- 
ful reading ;  for  I  believe  that  Kushan  is  a  name  derived 
from  the  Kuei-shang  tribe  of  Yuchi,  who  did  not  settle  in 
this  locality  until  some  time  after  the  era  of  Eucratides. 
But  Kapissa  is  particularly  mentioned  as  a  town  which 
had  been  destroyed  by  Cyrus.  My  identification  of 
Kushan  as  a  town  of  the  Kuei-shang  tribe  may  therefore 
be  erroneous. 

No.  33.— No.  82  of  Wilson. 

This  likewise  occurs  only  upon  the  coins  of  Eucratides. 
It  possibly  forms  MA2SA,  for  Massaya,  the  chief  city  of 
the  Assakani,  which  is  probably  the  modern  Manglor  on 
the  Swat  River. 

No.  35.— NIA. 

No.  36.— NIA  AY.— No.  7,  8,  9,  and  68  of  Frolich. 

These  monograms  occur  only  upon  the  coins  of  Apol- 
lodotus.  They  probably  represent  the  town  of  Nilaubis 
or  Naulibis,  the  modern  Nilab  in  the  Ghorband  valley. 
"  Near  this  place  "  says  Masson, 23  "  we  find  the  remains 
of  a  most  stupendous  fortress." 

23  Jour.  Asiat.  Soc.  Bengal,  vol.  v.  p.  7. 


COINS    OF  ARIANA    AND  INDIA.  193 

No.  37.— Nos.  5,  17,  and  29  of  Wilson. 

This  monogram  is  found  on  the  coins  of  Euthydemus, 
Heliocles,  Eucratides  and  Apollodotus.  It  forms  the 
syllable  HAH,  which  probably  respresents  the  city  of 
Plegerium^  or  Plemyrium^  mentioned  by  Strabo24  as  on  the 
bank  of  the  river  in  the  lower  Kabul  valley.  I  am 
unable  to  offer  even  a  conjecture  as  to  its  actual  position. 

No.  38. 

This  occurs  only  upon  a  single  square  copper  coin  of 
Apollodotus.  It  forms  AAE57ANA,  for  Alexandria  Opiane, 
or  the  Caucasian  Alexandria.  Below  the  monogram  are  two 
separate  letters  El,  or  fifteen,  which  may  probably  denote 
the  fifteenth  year  of  the  reign  of  this  prince. 

No.  42.— Nos.  15  and  24  of  Wilson. 

This  is  found  only  upon  the  coins  of  Eucratides  and 
Apollodotus.  I  read  the  combination  as  forming  IIPO^>, 
for  Prophthasia,  the  capital  of  Drangiana,  in  which  country 
the  coins  of  these  two  princes  are  still  found.  In  Professor 
Wilson's  examples,  where  the  upright  central  stroke  is 
wanting,  the  monogram  simply  forms  OIII,  for  Opiane. 
In  my  own  examples,  and  I  have  examined  several  coins 
with  this  monogram,  the  central  stroke  is  as  distinct  as  the 
others. 

No.  45. 

This  monogram  I  have  found  only  upon  a  single  coin  of 
Apollodotus.  It  forms  the  syllable  OYZ,  possibly  for 
OYZHNH,  the  city  of  Ujain,  which  we  know  has  existed 
from  a  very  early  period.  I  believe  that  Patalene  and 
Syrastrene  formed  part  of  the  dominions  of  Demetrius, 
which  were  wrested  from  him  by  Eucratides  during  his 
Indian  campaign.  It  is  possible  also,  that  some  part  of  the 

24  Strabo,  lib.  xv. 


194  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

province  of  Larike  was  subdued  by  the  Greeks;  and  I 
should  certainly  not  be  surprised  to  find  this  monogram  on 
the  coins  of  Demetrius  and  Eucratides.  Apollodotus  may 
very  probably  have  succeeded  to  the  possession  of  these 
southern  conquests ;  but  he  could  only  have  held  them  for 
a  very  short  time. 

No.  46.— Nos.  9,  13,  50,  and  59  of  Wilson. 

This  monogram  is  found  only  upon  the  coins  of  Eucra- 
tides, Antimachus,  and  Menander.  It  forms  AION,  no 
doubt  the  abbreviation  of  Dionysopolis^  called  also  Nagara ; 
which  is  placed  by  Ptolemy  just  to  the  south  of  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Choes  with  the  Cophes  ;  or  very  near  the 
position  of  Jelalabad.  To  the  west  of  this  place,  there  is 
a  spot  called  Begram ;  which  I  believe  to  have  been  the 
actual  position  of  Dionysopolis.  Ptolemy's  Nagara  is  no 
doubt  derived  from  the  name  of  the  district,  which  is  still 
called  Nangrihar  ;  a  name  more  accurately  preserved  in 
the  travels  of  Hwan  Thsang,25  where  it  is  spelt  Na-ko-lo-ho. 
Dionysopolis  I  suppose  to  be  the  Nysa  of  Alexander's  his- 
torians. It  was  the  capital  of  the  middle  Kabul  valley. 

No.  48.— No  60  of  Wilson. 

This  monogram  is  found  only  upon  a  single  coin  of 
Menander.  It  forms  the  syllable  EY,  probably  representing 
Euthydernia,  a  city  on  the  Hydaspes,  which  was  also  called 
Sagala.  As  Pliny  places  the  Dangalse  in  this  neighbour- 
hood26 I  believe  that  we  should  read  Dangala  in  Plotemy, 
and  so  identify  the  place  with  the  modern  Dangali  on 
the  Jehlam  river,  which  is  certainly  an  old  site,  as  there  is 
a  Begram  in  its  vicinity. 


26  Foe-kue-ki. — Appendix,  p.  378, 
M  Pliny,  lib.  vi.,  chap.  22. 


COINS    OF  ARIANA  AND    INDIA.  195 

No.  53.— No.  46  of  Frolich,  and  No.  43  of  Wilson. 

This  is  found  with  only  slight  differences,  upcn  the  coins 
of  Heliocles,  Eucratides and  Archerius.  It  forms  HAPSIANA, 
which  is  the  name  of  a  town  amongst  the  Paropamisadae 
according  to  Ptolemy,  which  probably  still  exists  in 
Panjshir. 

No.  55. 

This  monogram  occurs  only  upon  a  single  coin  of  Antial- 
cidas.  It  may  be  composed  of  the  letters  KAZM,  for 
KAZMEIPA,  or  Kashmir ;  for  although  Ptolemy  calls  the 
place  Kaspeira,  and  the  people  Kaspeircei,  yet  the  M  and  n 
might  easily  have  been  interchanged  in  MSS  of  his  work; 
and  it  is  scarcely  possible  that  the  Greeks  dwelling  in  the 
Panjab  would  have  misspelt  the  name.  It  may,  however,  also 
represent  the  town  of  Kush-ab  or  Kush-ab-pur  on  the 
Jehlarn;  a  name  which  is  most  probably  derived,  like 
Kashmir,  from  the  Kas  tribe — Kas-apa  is  the  river  of  the 
Kas,  or  the  Jehlam ;  and  Kas-apa-pura  is  "  the-town-on- 
the-river-of  the- Kas."  This  last  is  certainly  the  Kaspapuras 
of  Scylax. 

No.  56.— Nos.  33  and  85  of  Wilson. 

This  is  found  only  upon  the  coins  of  Amyntas.  I  read 
it  as  forming  IIEYKEAA,  the  city  already  mentioned,  as  No. 
10  monogram. 

No.  57.— No.  86  of  Wilson. 

This  monogram,  whether  with  the  round  O  or  square  Q 
may  possibly  form  OP6O,  or  QPTD  CIIANA,  the  modern 
Kabul. 

No.  58. 

This  occurs  only  upon  the  coins  of  Spalygis,  or  Spala- 
grames.  It  seems  to  form  KABOAITW,  for  Kabul . 

No.  59. 


196  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

This  also  is  a  unique  monogram,  which  I  found  upon  a 
well-preserved  coin  of  Eucratides.  The  combination  pro- 
bably forms  AAE#ANAPEIA2,  the  Alexandria  Opiane 
already  mentioned. 

No.  60.  From  Wilson's  plate  of  monograms,  No.  1 2. 

This  is  found  only  upon  the  coins  of  Demetrius ;  the 
letters  are  but  two,  forming  the  syllable  O#,  probably  for 
Oxiane,  or  for  Alexandreia  Oxiane,  both  of  which  towns 
were  on  the  northern  bank  of  the  Oxus,  somewhere  near 
Termed. 

Of  all  these  monograms,  that  which  occurs  most  frequently 
is  No.  7,  or  KARTANA,  which  I  have  found  upon  the  coins 
of  no  less  than  eleven  different  princes.  No.  4.  OPHIANE, 
and  No.  10.  PEUKELA  or  Demetrias,  I  have  found  upon 
the  coins  of  eight  different  princes.  These  were  apparently 
the  three  great  mints  of  the  Greeks  of  Ariana  and  India. 
Masson  says,  that  No.  10.,  PEUKELA,  is  the  commonest 
monogram  on  the  coins  of  Eucratides.  It  certainly  is  so  on 
those  of  Menander  :  and  the  fact  may  easily  be  accounted 
for  ;  for  in  the  lower  Kabul  valley,  there  was  but  one  mint 
of  any  consequence,  at  Peukela  ;  whilst  among  the  Paropa- 
misadae  there  were  the  great  mints  of  Kartana  and  Alex- 
andria Opiane,  besides  the  lesser  mint  of  Ortospana.  It 
will  be  observed  that  Eucratides  uses  more  monograms  than 
any  other  prince;  which  we  could  have  foretold  must  have 
been  the  case,  from  his  long  and  chequered  reign,  and  from 
the  great  extent  of  country  which  he  at  different  times 
possessed. 

In  conclusion,  I  beg  it  may  be  clearly  understood,  that  the 
foregoing  remarks  are  offered  only  as  an  attempt  to  explain 
what  must  always  be  considered  a  very  difficult  subject.  I 
do  not  believe  that  all  the  monograms  found  upon  these  coins 
represent  the  names  of  cities  where  mints  were  established. 


Chronicle  Vol.  VIII.  .      p.  19', 


T&  E  GOb  Iitk, 


©IF 


COIN    OF    GUY    DE    LUSIGNAN.  197 

I  simply  contend  that  dates  cannot  possibly  be  expressed  in 
monograrnmatic  characters.  I  think,  however,  that  the  illus- 
trations which  I  have  given  of  most  of  the  principal  mono- 
grams bear  the  stamp  of  great  probability,  if  not  the  actual 
impress  of  truth. 

A.  CUNNINGHAM. 


XIV. 

ON   A  COIN  OF  GUY  DE  LUSIGNAN,  KING  OF 
CYPRUS. 

[To  the  Editor  of  the  Numismatic  Chronicle.] 

MY  DEAR  SIR, 

I  send  you  a  drawing  of  a  coin  discovered  amongst 
a  collection  of  small  value,  which  came  to  the  British 
Museum  a  few  days  ago.  It  seems  to  be  a  coin  of 
some  interest,  having  been  struck,  as  I  believe,  by  Guy  de 
Lusignan,  king  of  Jerusalem,  and  afterwards  of  Cyprus. 
There  is  no  mention  made  of  any  money  of  this  prince,  either 
by  M.  Cousinery,  who  published  many  of  the  coins  of  the 
crusaders  in  the  last  volume  of  M.  Michaud's  Histoire  des 
Croisades,  or  by  M.  Lelewel  in  his  Numismatique  du  Moyen- 
age.  Indeed  I  find  that  M.  Buchon,1  who  has  devoted  much 
attention  to  the  subject,  adopts  and  confirms  the  opinion  of 
M.  Miinter,2  that  no  coin  of  Guy  de  Lusignan  is  known  to 
exist  "  even  in  the  richest  cabinets  of  Italy." 


1  Recherches,  etc.,  sur  la  Domination  Fran^aise  en  Orient,  etc. 
Par  J.  A  C.  Buchon.     Paris,  1840. 

2  Om  Frankernes  Mynter  i  Orienten.     Ved  F.  Miinter.  Viden- 
Selsk.  Skrifter,  Deel.  iv.  Kiob.  1807. 


198  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

Before  entering  on  the  immediate  subject  of  the  coins, 
let  us  take  a  short  glance  at  the  history  of  the  period. 

On  the  death  of  Baldwin  V.,  king  of  Jerusalem,  in  1185, 
Guy  de  Lusignan,  who  had  married  his  sister,  and  had  for 
some  time  conducted  the  affairs  of  the  kingdom,  was  made 
regent  during  the  minority  of  Baldwin  VI.,  and,  on  the 
death  of  the  young  king,  which  occurred  not  long  after- 
wards, was  elected  to  the  throne,  and  was  crowned  on  the 
second  of  October,  A.D.  1187.  Within  a  year  after  this, 
Jerusalem  was  taken  by  the  Saracens  ;  but  Guy  de  Lusignan 
continued  to  reign,  with  the  same  title  as  before,  at  Tyre  and 
Ptolemais,  until  the  year  1 192,  when  he  exchanged  the  king- 
dom of  Jerusalem  for  that  of  Cyprus.  Richard  Ccetir  de 
Lion,  on  his  way  to  join  the  Crusaders  in  the  Holy  Land, 
had  conquered,  and  had  been  crowned  king  of  Cyprus,  in 
the  previous  year.  He  had  then  pledged  the  island  to  the 
Templars  for  a  sum  of  money,  to  enable  him  to  carry  on 
the  crusade;  and  now,  in  the  year  1192,  he  gave  the 
sovereignty  of  his  new  conquest  to  Guy  de  Lusignan,  on 
condition  that  the  latter  would  resign  the  authority  and 
title  of  king  of  Jerusalem  in  favour  of  Marie,  a  daughter  of 
Conrad  de  Montferrat  who  married  a  sister  of  King  Baldwin 
IV.,  and  of  her  husband,  Henry,  count  of  Champagne ; 
and  that  he  would  also  repay  the  money  which  Richard  had 
borrowed  from  the  Templars. 

Guy  de  Lusignan  immediately  took  possession  of  the 
island  of  Cyprus,  over  which  he  reigned  for  nearly  three 
years.  He  died  A.D.  1 194,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  bro- 
ther Amaury,  whom  he  had  successively  created  constable  of 
Jerusalem  and  of  Cyprus. 

In  the  year  1197,  the  throne  of  Jerusalem  was  again 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Henry  de  Champagne  ;  and  the 
princes  of  the  kingdom  requested  Amaury  de  Lusignan, 


COIN    OF    GUY    DE    LUSIGNAN.  199 

the  king  of  Cyprus,  to  accept  at  once  the  crown  and  the 
widow  of  their  late  sovereign.  Hence  the  kings  of  Cyprus 
acquired  the  title  of  king  of  Jerusalem,  and  continued  to 
enjoy  the  name,  though  without  the  possession  of  that 
monarchy. 

This  short  notice  of  the  principal  events  of  the  period 
will  be  sufficient  for  the  present  purpose.  I  shall  next 
describe  a  few  coins,  by  which  the  attribution  of  that  which 
is  the  object  of  these  remarks  may  be  determined. 

Fig.  2.— AMALRICVS  RE.  Within  a  circle  of  dots,  a 
cross  patee,  having  a  pellet  in  the  second  and  third 
quarters. 

ft.— D6I6RVS  [A]  LEM.  Within  a  circle,  a  building.  M. 

3.— BOEMVNDVS  COMES,  between  two  circles  of 
dots.  Within  a  tressure  composed  of  four  arches  and 
four  angles,  having  a  pellet  in  each  spandril,  a  cross 
patee. 

R.— CIVITAS  TRIPOLI,  between  two  circles  of  dots. 
Within  a  tressure  of  eight  arches,  having  a  pellet  in 
each  spandril,  and  each  point  ending  in  a  pellet,  a  star  of 
eight  rays.  M. 

4.— BAMVND  COMS.  Within  a  circle  of  dots,  a  cross 
patee,  having  a  pellet  in  the  first,  second  and  fourth 
quarters,  and  three  pellets  in  the  third. 

R.— CIVITAS  TRIPOLI.  Within  a  circle,  a  star  of 
eight  rays,  having  a  pellet  in  the  middle  and  in  each 
angle.  jfR. 

5. — RAIMVN.... Within  a  circle  of  dots,  a  cross  patee, 
having  an  annulet  at  the  extremity  of  each  limb. 

R.— [M]ON6TA  TRIPOL.  Within  a  circle  of  dots,  a 
cross  patee,  having  three  annulets  in  the  first  and  second 
quarters,  and  one  in  the  fourth.  JE. 

6.— RENALDVS.  Within  a  circle,  a  building,  with  battle- 
ments, and  an  arched  doorway  in  the  middle. 

R. — SIDONIA.     Within  a  circle,  an  arrow.     JE. 
The  first  of  these    coins,  fig.  2,  has  been  'taken  from 

VOL.   VIII.  E    E 


200  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

M.  Buchon's  engraving.3  There  seems  to  be  no  reason  for 
doubting  the  attribution  of  it  to  Amaury  de  Lusignan,  who 
was  made  king  of  Jerusalem,  A.D.  1197,  and  died  A.D.  1205. 

All  the  rest  are  taken  from  M.  Cousinery's  Catalogue.4 
Fig.  3  is  attributed  by  him  to  Boemond  VII.,  Duke  of 
Antioch.  He  also  publishes  a  coin  which  reads  S6PTIMVS 
BOGMVNDVS  COM6S.5  It  is  of  a  larger  size  than  this 
coin,  but  of  similar  workmanship,  and,  like  it,  of  pure  silver. 
This  similarity  is  assigned  as  the  reason  of  the  attribution. 
As  far  as  it  is  possible  to  judge  from  engravings,  there  can 
be  no  doubt  that  both  these  coins  are  of  a  very  much 
later  date  than  the  others,  which  I  have  described  above. 

I  am  unable  to  discover  from  M.  Cousinery's  Catalogue 
at  what  period  he  supposes  figs.  4  and  5  to  have  been  struck. 
With  respect  to  fig.  4,  it  is  not  easy  to  tell  from  an  en- 
graving whether  the  reading  is  correct,  or  whether  the  coin 
may  not  read  RAMVND ;  but,  supposing  the  first  letter  to 
be  a  B,  there  seems  still  to  be  some  doubt  remaining  whe- 
ther the  name  of  Boemond,  or  of  Raimond  be  intended. 
If  the  latter,  from  the  evidence  of  its  fabric,  we  cannot  suppose 
it  to  have  been  struck  by  either  of  the  two  first  princes  of  this 
name;  and  we  must  therefore  assign  it,  either  to  Raimond 
Rupin,  duke  of  Antioch,  1216,  who,  like  Boemond  VIL,  may 
have  struck  money  with  his  title  of  Count  of  Tripoli,  or  to 
his  predecessor,  Raimond  III.,  who  was  the  contemporary 
of  Guy  de  Lusignan,  and  occupies  a  prominent  place  in 
the  history  of  the  period. 

On  reference  to  the  series  of  counts  of  Tripoli,  it  will  be 
seen  that  these  two  names  occur  in  immediate  chronological 


3  See  Note  l. 

4  Michaud,  Hist,  des  Croisades,  torn,  v.;  Tab.  iii.  4,  6,  7.  Paris, 
1822. 

5  Ibid.,  Tab.  iii.  1. 


COIN    OF    GUY    DE    LUSIGNAN.  201 

juxtaposition;  and,  consequently,  though  the  probable  date 
of  this  coin  can  be  inferred  from  its  fabric,  the  inference 
will  not  enable  us  to  determine  the  attribution  of  it  to  one 
of  these  contemporary  princes  in  preference  to  the  other. 
Fig.  5,  is  unquestionably  a  coin  of  one  of  the  Raimonds, 
counts  of  Tripoli. 

On  the  whole,  therefore,  looking  at  the  great  similitude 
in  fabric,  workmanship,  and  the  forms  of  the  letters  (at 
least  as  far  as  we  can  judge  of  these  points  from  an  engrav- 
ing) between  these  two  coins,  figs.  4  and  5,  and  that  of 
Amaury  de  Lusignan,  and  seeing  moreover,  from  a  compa- 
rison of  these  with  the  coins  of  Boernond  VII.  (fig.  3),  how 
much  they  differ  from  those  of  a  later  period,  I  am 
inclined  to  believe  that  No.  5  should  be  attributed  to 
Raimond  III.;  and  No.  4,  either  to  the  same  prince,  or  to 
his  immediate  successor,  Boemond,  the  duke  of  Antioch, 
who  usurped  the  county  of  Tripoli. 

No.  6  was  unquestionably  struck  at  Sidon ;  and  has  been, 
with  great  probability,  attributed  to  a  Renaud,  lord  of 
Sidon,  who  was  a  contemporary  and  friend  of  Raimond  III., 
and  "  retired  with  him  into  that  town  after  the  battle  of 
Tiberias."6  Its  similarity  in  workmanship  to  the  three 
coins,  figs.  2,  4,  and  5,  confirms  the  date  which  I  have  pro- 
posed for  them. 

Having  stated  these  preliminary  attributions  necessary 
to  my  argument,  I  now  come  to  the  coin  which  is  the 
immediate  subject  of  these  remarks.  It  is  of  copper  or 
base  metal. 

Fig.  1.— REX  GWIDO.      Within  a  circle,   a   star  with  eight 
rays,  having  a  pellet  in  each  angle. 

R. — The  inscription  is  not  distinctly  legible.     The  two 
first  letters  are  D6 ;  afterwards  there  is  a  C,  and  the  last 

6  Michaud,  Hist,  des  Croisades,  page  545. 


202  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

letter  is  an  O.  I  read  the  whole,  DE  CVPRO.  The 
type  is  :  within  a  circle,  a  cross  patee  ;  a  pellet  in  each 
quarter. 

With  respect  to  the  type :  the  form  of  the  star,  having 
pellets  between  the  rays,  is  exactly  similar  to  that  found  on 
the  contemporary  coins  of  the  counts  of  Tripoli ;  and,  as  far 
as  I  can  discover,  is  peculiar  to  those  of  the  crusaders.  I 
shall  not  attempt  any  explanation  of  this  emblem.  The  star 
is  sometimes  found  in  conjunction  with  a  crescent:7  and,  in 
this  case,  M.  Cousinery  supposes  it  to  symbolise  the  light 
of  Christianity  rising  over  the  darkness  of  Islamism.  Some 
doubt  may  be  thrown  on  this  interpretation,  by  the  question 
whether  the  crescent  was  at  that  time  the  emblem  of  the 
Mahomedan  power.  A  star  in  conjunction  with  a  crescent 
is  found  on  Babylonian  cylinders,  on  some  of  the  imperial 
Greek  coins,  those,  for  example,  of  Byzantium,  and  on  those 
of  Carrhoe,  in  Mesopotamia,  as  well  as  on  the  coins  of  the 
Sassanian  princes,  at  the  end  of  the  sixth  and  the  be- 
ginning of  the  seventh  century  of  our  era. 

The  worship  of  Apollo  and  Diana  sufficiently  accounts 
for  the  adoption  in  classical  art  of  these  symbolical  repre- 
sentations of  those  deities,  in  accordance  with  the  feelings 
which  actuated  the  ancients,  in  the  selection  of  the  subjects 
which  appear  on  their  money ;  and  Oriental  astrology  may 
have  adopted  the  same  symbols  which  a  mythological 
motive  stamped  on  the  money  of  the  Greeks.  But  why 
the  star  and  crescent  were  adopted  by  the  Crusaders,  or  to 
what  Christian  feeling,  the  mythological  or  Oriental  motive 
accommodated  itself ;  or  whether  these  symbols  were  by 
them  introduced  into  the  West,  and  so  made  their  appear- 
ance on  the  coins  and  seals  of  the  kings  of  England,  com- 
mencing from  that  of  Richard  I.,  and  also  on  the  seals  of 

7  Michaud.  Hist,  des  Croisades,  Tab  iii.  3,  5,  also  p.  543 — 
544. 


COIN    OF    GUY    DE    LUS1GNAN.  "203 

monasteries,  are  questions  beyond  the  limits  of  these 
remarks. 

The  other  type,  the  cross,  is  exactly  similar  to  that  on  the 
coins  of  the  other  princes  of  the  Crusade,  and  approaches 
in  form  to  that  which  was  adopted  by  the  knights  of  St. 
John,  and  was  subsequently  called  the  Maltese  cross. 

With  respect  to  the  legend,  some  doubt  may  be  thrown 
on  the  reading  I  have  proposed,  by  the  unusual  introduc- 
tion of  the  DG,  instead  of  the  common  form,  REX  CVPRI. 
It  is  remarkable  that  on  the  coin  of  Amaury  de  Lusignan 
fig.  2,  the  same  use  of  the  De  occurs.  It  is  true  that  M. 
Buchon  reads  this  coin  RGI,  and  not  REX:  however,  from 
the  engraving,  it  would  appear  that  the  last  letter  is  illegible ; 
it  may  therefore,  possibly,  have  been  an  X.  There  are  coins 
of  the  later  kings  of  Cyprus  in  which  DI  appears;  but  these 
legends  seem  to  be  a  sort  of  Italian,  not  Latin.  I  do  not 
know  any  actual  authority  for  the  use  of  such  a  form  as 
this;  but,  considering  the  probability  that  the  coin  of 
Amaury  may  offer  either  such  an  authority ;  and,  at  any 
rate,  the  near  approximation  it  presents  to  the  same  form; 
considering  also  the  apparent  impossibility  of  reading  any 
other  letters  than  those  I  have  proposed,  1  cannot  think 
the  irregularity  of  sufficient  importance  to  be  urged  as  an 
objection  to  my  interpretation. 

On  the  whole,  then,  keeping  in  mind  the  history  of  the 
period,  I  conclude  that  this  coin  was  struck  by  Guy  de 
Lusignan,  after  he  had  received  the  kingdom  of  Cyprus, 
and  had  dropped  the  title  of  king  of  Jerusalem ;  that  is, 
between  the  years  A.D.  1192,  and  1194.  The  analogy  of 
its  legend  with  that  of  fig.  2,  may  be  accounted  for,  by  the 
supposition  that  Amaury,  on  acquiring  the  title  of  King  of 
Jerusalem,  adopted  the  same  style  which  his  brother  had 
introduced  upon  the  money  of  Cyprus. 


204  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

The  only  other  coin  I  shall  notice  is  the  following:  — 

Fig.  7.— TVRRIS.     Within  a  circle  of  dots,  a  building. 

R. — DAVID.     Within  a  circle  of  dots,  a  star  of  eight  rays, 
a  pellet  in  each  angle.     JE. 

This  coin  was  published  by  M.  Cousinery,  from  whose 
plate  mine  has  been  taken,  and  was  by  him  attributed  to 
Godefroi  de  Bouillon,8  the  first  king  of  Jerusalem.  M. 
Lelewel  publishes  the  same  coin,  but  offers  sufficient  reason 
for  questioning  the  correctness  of  M.  Cousinery 's  opinion.9 
There  is  no  coin  known  which  can  be  unquestionably 
attributed  to  the  first  king  of  Jerusalem.  Those  of  his 
immediate  successors  are  of  a  fabric  totally  different,  not 
unlike  the  oriental  coins  current  in  the  country ;  the 
legends  moreover  are  Greek.  But  the  coin  before  us  has 
a  Latin  type  and  inscription,  and  is  European  in  its  fabric. 
For  these  reasons,  it  seems,  M.  Lelewel  is  of  opinion  that 
it  is  not  earlier  than  the  thirteenth  century.  He  assumes 
also,  from  the  evidence  of  the  type  and  legend,  that  it 
must  have  been  struck  at  Jerusalem ;  in  order,  therefore, 
to  satisfy  these  two  hypotheses,  he  attributes  it  to  the  year 
A.D.  1229,  when  the  Emperor  Frederick  II.  recovered,  for 

a  short  time,  the  holy  city. 

. 

The  type,  the  representation  of  a  tower,  and  the  inscrip- 
tion, Turris  David,  may  be  taken  as  sufficient  evidence  of 
the  coin  having  been  struck  at  Jerusalem.  The  tower  of 
David  was  a  place  of  considerable  strength  and  importance 
iiTthe  time  of  the  Crusades.  It  is  thus  mentioned  by 
William  of  Tyre,  giving  a  description  of  the  holy  city, 
"  In  occidentali  ergo,  quasi  in  supremo  mentis  vertice, 
ecclesia  est,  quse  nomine  montis  dicitur  Syon,  et  non  longe 

8  Michaud.  Hist,  des  Croisades,  torn.  iii.  Tab.  ii.  1,  and  p.  538. 

9  Numismatique  du  Moyen  age.     Lelewel.  Paris,  1835.  Vol.  iii. 
p.  29. 


COIN    OF    GUY    DE    LUSIGNAN.  205 

ab  ea  turris  David  opere  constructa  solidissimo,  quae  quasi 
presidium  civitatis  cum  turribus  rauris,  et  ante  muralibus 
sibi  annexis  universes  sub  se  positse  praeeminet  civitati." 10 

We  may,  then,  admit  it  to  be  highly  probable,  that  this 
coin  was  struck  at  Jerusalem  ;  but  there  seems  to  be  less 
reason  for  adopting  the  other  supposition,  that  it  was  riot 
struck  before  the  thirteenth  century. 

It  has  been  shewn  in  the  preceding  remarks,  that 
the  Latin  legends,  types,  and  fabric,  were  in  use  in 
the  Holy  Land  before  the  year  A.  D.  1200.  The  type, 
moreover,  of  the  coin  of  Amaury  de  Lusignan,  the  building, 
though  not  identical  with,  is  very  similar  to  that  on  the 
coin  before  us;  whilst  the  other  type,  the  star,  is  exactly 
the  same  as  that  on  the  coin  of  Guy  de  Lusignan,  now 
published.  I  hope  I  shall  not  be  considered  presumptuous 
in  offering  an  opinion,  differing  from  that  of  so  learned  and 
distinguished  a  numismatist  as  M.  Lelewel ;  but,  taking  a 
review  of  all  the  coins  before  us,  and  of  the  reasons  I  have 
given  for  their  attribution,  I  had  rather  believe  that  this 
coin  is  contemporary  with  those  of  Raimond,  of  Renaud, 
and  of  Guy  de  Lusignan,  than  that  it  belongs  to  so  late 
a  period  as  1229.  Besides,  unless  there  were  some  his- 
torical evidence  of  the  fact  itself,  the  circumstances  under 
which  the  Emperor  Frederick  II.  occupied  the  holy  city, 
and  the  shortness  of  his  stay  there,  would  not  lead  one  to 
suppose  it  very  probable  that  he  had  struck  money.  I 
would  therefore  suggest,  both  as  a  more  probable  hypothe- 
sis, and  also  as  one  more  consistent  with  the  evidence  of  the 
coins  themselves  as  regards  date,  that  the  coin  before  us 
was  struck  by  Guy  de  Lusignan,  during  the  early  part  of 

10  Hist.  Bell.  Sac.  William  of  Tyre.  Basilia?,  1564,  lib.  viii. 
chap.  3. 


206  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE! 

his  reign,  previously  to  the   taking  of  Jerusalem  by  the 
Saracens,  that  is  to  say,  in  the  year  1187  or  1188. 

If  this  conjecture  be  true,  this  coin  will  probably 
be  found  to  be  the  earliest  instance,  at  present  known, 
in  which  the  Latin  legends  and  types  are  introduced  on 
the  coins  of  any  of  the  princes  of  the  Crusades.  Indeed, 
the  peculiar  inscription,  in  honor,  as  it  were  of  the  holy 
city,  and  not  of  its  ruler,11  seems  to  support  the  idea  that 
this  coin  preceded  the  period  when  the  name  of  the 
prince  and  the  declaration  of  his  title  is  uniformly  found 
upon  the  coinage;  whilst  at  the  same  time  the  fabric  and 
language  place  it  after  the  period  when  the  Greek  legends 
were  in  use,  and  which,  if  they  introduced  the  name  of  the 
king,  always  accompanied  it  by  some  pious  invocation. 

I  fear  I  have  troubled  you  with  lengthy  observations  on 
a  subject  which  may  not  be  thought  very  interesting  to  the 
generality  of  your  readers ;  but  I  have  done  so,  not  only 
because  the  coin  which  has  occasioned  this  letter,   is,    I 
believe,  unique,  but  also,  because  the  name  of  the   king 
which  it  bears  (there  being  but  one  of  that  name),  leaves 
no  uncertainty  as  to  its  date ;  and  thus  it  seems  to  determine 
the  arrangement  of  several  coins  of  its  class,  and  also  to 
throw  some  light  on  a  branch  of  numismatic  study  hitherto 
too  much  neglected  in  this  country. 

I  beg  to  remain, 

My  dear  Sir, 

Yours  very  truly, 

J.  E.  FITZGERALD. 

BRITISH  MUSEUM,  April  21st,  1846. 

II  I  am  indebted  to  my  colleague  Mr.  Burgon,  for  this  observa- 
tion, which  I  consider  of  great  importance. 


•207 


XV. 

CONCURRENT  MEDAL  MONEY  AND  JEWEL 
CURRENCY. 

IN  previous  communications  which  I  have  had  the  honor 
to  submit  to  the  Numismatic  Society,  and  to  the  editor  of 
the  Numismatic  Chronicle,  I  have  endeavoured  to  make 
some  small  addition  to  the  information  afforded  by  others, 
upon  the  subject  of  bullion  currency  and  jewel  money.  I 
now  beg  permission  to  offer  a  few  observations  upon  the 
concurrent  use  of  jewel  currency  with  medal  money. 

Established  as  it  is,  upon  the  highest  authority  known  in 
the  world,  that  bullion,  passed  by  weight,  was  the  medium 
of  exchange  during  the  life-time  of  the  sons  of  Noah; 
and  almost  equally  certain  as  it  is,  that  bullion  was 
generally  kept  for  such  purpose  in  the  form  of  personal 
ornaments,  or  of  articles  of  domestic  use,  as  cups,  and  other 
vessels  ;  it  may  be  imagined  that  when  the  convenient  and 
ready  form  of  medal  money  was  invented,  jewel  currency 
would  speedily  be  laid  aside.  But  such  was  not  the  case  : 
and  if  we  duly  consider  the  state  of  society  in  many  places, 
in  ancient,  and  also  in  modern  times,  we  shall  find  abun- 
dant reason  why  it  should  not  be  so.  In  rude  countries, 
where  the  habits  of  people  were  migratory,  and  the  state 
and  usages  of  society  uncertain,  an  extensive  medal-money 
circulation  could  scarcely  be  maintained.  The  stamp  of 
one  petty  chieftain  or  tribe  would  be  little  respected  by 
other  chiefs  or  tribes;  nay,  often  it  would  be  so  offensive  to 
the  prejudices  of  the  people,  that  it  would  be  changed  as 
soon  as  possible,  by  recoinage  with  the  impress  of  the  fresh 
possessors.  Again,  the  weights  and  values  of  money 
might  be  so  different  amongst  various  people,  that  coined 

VOL.  VIII.  F     F 


208  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

money  would  pass  little  by  tale,  but  almost  exclusively  by 
weight,  as  before  the  invention  of  the  medal  form.  There 
would  be  little  inducement,  therefore,  to  coin  bullion  be- 
yond what  was  needed  for  smaller  payments ;  and  the 
chief  wealth,  as  heretofore,  would  be  kept  in  the  jewel 
and  vessel  form. 

In  those  states  in  which  the  rule  of  governors  was  des- 
potic, and  the  possession  of  property  insecure,  bullion,  in 
like  manner,  would  be  preferred  in  a  form  carriageable 
about  the  person,  and  not  more  of  the  precious  metals 
would  be  coined  than  was  absolutely  needful ;  and  bullion 
ornament,  and  bullion  coin,  would  both  be  used  as  ex- 
changeable media. 

What  from  theory  we  should  surmise,  history  proves  to 
have  been  the  practice.  It  is  stated  by  Herodotus,  in  his 
history  (Calliope.  Sec.  xli.),  that  when  Mardonius  was 
left  by  Xerxes  in  Greece,  the  Persians  had  in  their  pos- 
session a  great  quantity  of  coined  and  uncoined  gold,  with 
an  abundance  of  silver  and  plate  ;  and  it  was  recommended 
to  send  these,  with  no  sparing  hand,  to  those  in  chief 
authority  amongst  the  Greeks,  to  induce  them  to  surrender 
their  liberties  (Beloe's  translation). 

But  it  is  chiefly  in  the  mediaeval  ages,  that  we  find  authen- 
tic accounts,  in  the  records  of  the  northern  nations,  of  this 
intermixture  of  jewel  and  medal  money,  and  of  the  use  of 
the  former  in  a  manner  closely  like  that  of  the  Eastern 
nations  before  the  invention  of  coinage.  This  is  so  de- 
cidedly manifested  in  various  scattered  passages  in  Mr. 
Laing's  translation  of  the  Heimskringla,  or  Chronicles  of 
the  Sea  Kings  of  Norway,  from  the  Icelandic  of  Snorro 
Sturleson,  a  writer  of  the  twelfth  contury,  that  it  strikes 
me  it  will  be  interesting  to  numismatists  to  see  these 
evidences  collected  together.  In  one  instance,  a  gold 


MEDAL    MONEY    AND    JEWEL    CURRENCY.  209 

ornament,  a  collar,  is  given  as  part  of  a  marriage  dower, 
as  thus  stated:  "Visbur  inherited  after  his  father  Vanland. 
He  married  the  daughter  of  Aude  the  Rich,  and  gave  her, 
as  her  marriage  gift,  three  large  farms  and  a  gold  orna- 
ment" (vol.  i.  p.  229).  This  ornament  was  a  collar ;  for 
King  Agne,  her  son,  who  had  it,  was  told  by  Skialf  to  "  take 
care  of  his  gold  ornament  which  he  had  about  his  neck  ; 
therefore  he  took  hold  of  the  ornament,  and  bound  it  fast 
about  his  neck  before  he  went  to  sleep"  (p.  233).  " Egvind 
had  a  great  gold  ring,  which  was  called  Molde,  that 
had  been  dug  up  out  of  the  earth  long  since.  This 
ring,  the  king  said,  he  must  have  as  the  mulct  for  the 
offence;  and  there  was  no  help  for  it."  Then  Egvind 

sung, — 

from  the  falcon-bearing  hand, 

Harald  has  plucked  the  gold  snake-band 
My  father  wore — by  lawless  might 
Has  taken  what  is  mine  by  right. 

Olaf  Haraldsson,  the  saint  who  reigned  1015 — 1030,  is 

called  — 

The  giver  of  rings  of  gold, 

The  army-leader  bold. — vol.  ii.  85. 

and  Harald  Hardrada,  1046 — 1066,  is  spoken  of  as— 

He  whom  the  ravens  watch  with  care, 

He  who  the  gold  rings  does  not  spare. — vol.  iii.  107. 

It  is  plain  that  these  rings  were  given  as  payment  to  the 
soldiery,  but  this  will  be  seen  more  clearly  presently. 
That  rings,  so  given  for  payment  or  reward,  had  a  fixed  weight 
or  value,  or  both,  attached  to  them,  will  be  evident  from  the 
following  passages,  which  specify  rings  of  various  weight 
given  to  Scalds  as  rewards  or  payments  for  their  songs.  Olaf 
Haraldsson  gave  to  Thorrnod,  the  Scald,  a  ring  for  singing 
the  war-song,  Biarkamal ;  "  the  king  thanked  him  for 
the  pleasure,  and  took  a  gold  ring  that  weighed  half  a 


210  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

mark  and  gave  it  him"  (vol.  ii.  314).1  He  gave  to  Sigvart, 
as  "  a  reward  for  his  verse,  a  gold  ring  that  weighed  half 
a  mark"  (vol.  ii.  40).  "  Sigvart,  the  Scald,  had  been  with 
King  Canute,  who  had  given  him  a  gold  ring  that  weighed 
half  a  mark.  The  scald,  Birse  Thorleson,  was  also 
there,  and  to  him  King  Canute  gave  two  gold  rings,  each 
weighing  two  marks "  (vol.  ii.  195).2  Harald  Hardrada 
"gave  Thorer  of  Steig,"  at  a  feast,  several  valuable  presents ; 
one  a  bowl  "  filled  with  money  of  pure  silver.  With  that 
came  also  two  gold  rings,  which  together  stood  for  a  mark" 
(vol.  iii.  24).  The  mark  of  gold  appears  to  have  been  a 
common  payment  or  gift,  for  the  same  Harald  gave  the 
Scald  Thiodolf  this  amount  for  a  song,  as  appears 
below, — 

I  got  from  him,  in  sea-fight  strong, 

A  mark  of  gold  for  my  ship-song. — vol.  iii.  102. 

The  above  quotations  will  prove  the  common  practice  of 
making  rings  of  specific  weights,  for  here  we  have  the  half- 
mark,  the  mark,  and  the  two  mark  rings.  From  one 


1  The  half-mark  seems  to  have  been  a  common  mode  of  pecu- 
niary computation  amongst  the  Danes  ;  as  the  following  shews, — 

;*  De  precio  Occisi  Daci  vel  Angli." 

"  Si  quis  occidatur,  omnes  reputamus  eque  caros,  Dacum  vel 
Anglum,  ad  viii.  dimidias  marcas  cocti  auri,"  £c.  Foedus  Inter 
Alfredum  et  Guthrum. — Public  Records,  Saxon  Laws,  p.  505. 

2  The  Scald  Egill   was  so  great  a  favorite    with   our    King 
Athelstane,  that  he  at  one  time   presented  him   with   "duobus 
annulis  et  scriniis  duobus  bene  magnis  argento  repletis. . .  .  Quin- 
etiam  hoc  addidit,  ut  Egillus  quidvis  praeterea  a  se  petens,  obtin- 
eret ;    bona  mobilia,   sive  immobilia,  praebendam  f  el  praefecturas. 
Egillus  porro  regiam  munificentiam  gratus  excipiens,  Carmen  Enco- 
miasticon,  a  se  lingua  Norvegica  (quae  turn  his  regnis  communis) 
compositum,  regi  dicat ;  ac  pro  eo,  duas  marcas  auri  puri  (pondus 
marcae — 8  uncias  a?quabat)  honorarii  loco  retulif." — Atngr.  Ion. 
Rcr.   Islandic.  lib.  ii.  p.  1^9  ;    Relics   of  Ancient  Poetry,   vol.  i. 
p.  75. 


MEDAL  MONEY  AND  .TE\         UENCY.       '211 

pa?>ane  it  would  almost  scorn  that  the  mark  of  gold  was 
stamped  to  mark  its  weight  or  value.  In  Olaf  Haraldsson's 
Saga,  there  is  this  statement :  "instead  of  a  goose  he  paid 
a  gosling;  for  an  old  swine,  a  sucking  pig  ;  and  for  a  mark 
of  stamped  gold,  only  a  half  mark"  (vol.  ii.  122).3  That, 
whether  stamped  or  not,  gold  was  paid  by  weight,  we  may 
see  from  the  following  extract  — 

Gold  too,  for  service  duly  paid, 
Red  gold  all  pure,  and  duly  weighed, 
King  Olaf  gives. — vol.  iii.  1 14. 

The  mark  of  gold  had  its  equivalent  in  silver.  Thorer 
the  spoiler  of  the  temple  of  Jomala  was  ordered  to  pay  to 
three  parties  ten  marks  of  gold  each  :  to  gain  time  he  paid 
in  silver.  "  Then  Thorer  came  and  paid  silver;  of  which 
from  one  purse  there  were  weighed  ten  marks.  Thereafter 
Thorer  brought  many  knotted  caps ;  and  in  some  was  one 
mark,  in  others  half  a  mark,  and  in  others  some  small 
money."4  It  would  have  been  interesting  had  the  exact 
amount  or  weight  of  silver  been  specified,  as  it  would  have 
explained  the  then  proportion  of  silver  to  gold.5  The 


3  Whether  marks  of  gold  were  stamped  or  not,  to  express  their 
due  weight,  may  be  a  question  to  which  this  passage  would   seem 
to  lead.     Certain  weights  were  stamped,  as  may  be  seen  below, — 

"  Et  ipsi  qui  portus  custodiunt,  efficiant>  per  overhirnessam 
(forfeiture)  meam,  ut  omne  pondus,  sit  marcatum  ad  pondus  quo 
pecuuia  mea  recipitur,  et  eorum  singulum  signetur,  ita  quod  xv. 
ore  libram  faciant." — Laws  of  King  Eihelred,  p.  129,  Public 
Records. 

It  may  be  surmised  that  the  term  mark  itself  implies  some 
mark  set  upon  a  specific  weight,  being  derived  from  the  Saxon 
mearc  signum. 

4  It  is  to  be  noted,  that  the  silver  as  well  as  the  gold  is  said  to 
be  paid  by  weight ;   and  from  the  expression  "  some  small  money," 
\vo    may  infer    that  silver    in  quantity   was    paid    in   bullion   or 
ornaments,  the  coined  money  being  simply  used  as  small  change. 

•"'  Mr.  Kuding  says  (vol.  i.  '2*25),  "  a  mark  is  a  Danish  mode  of 
'•vmputation.  The  term  first  appears  in  England  in  the  league 


212  NUMISMATIC  CHRONICLE. 

value  of  wadmal  to  the  silver  penny  is  stated.  The  king 
"required  the  Icelanders  to  adopt  the  laws  which  he  had 
set  in  Norway,  also  to  pay  him  thane  tax ;  and  nose 
tax,  namely  a  penny  for  every  nose,  and  the  penny  at 
the  rate  of  tenpennies  to  the  yard  of  wadmal"  (vol.  ii. 
212).6 

That  gold  rings,  armlets,  and  collars,  with  gold  in  various 
forms,  were  held  as  the  representations  of  property,  and 
given  as  payments,  may  be  gathered  from  the  following 
passages. 

Dag  accused  Thorer  of  being  a  traitor  to  King  Olaf,  and 
said,  "  He  has  taken  money  from  King  Canute  the  Great 
for  thy  head."  The  king  asked,  "  What  proof  hast  thou 
of  the  truth  of  this?"  Dag  replied,  "He  has  upon  his 
right  arm,  above  the  elbow,  a  thick  gold  ring,  which  King 
Canute  gave  him,  and  which  he  lets  no  man  see."  This 
ring  was  found  upon  his  arm  (vol.  ii.  265).7 

King  Canute's  agent  also  bribed  Biorn.  The  messenger 
says,  "  Receive  now  thy  reward ;  and  he  displayed  to  him 
a  large  bag  full  of  English  money."  "  Now  when  the  mes- 


between  Alfred  and  Guthrun,  ann.  878.  The  marks  there  are 
of  gold.  The  silver  mark  in  the  tenth  century  was  estimated  at 
100  pennies,  but  in  1194  at  160." 

6  "  Wadmal,  a  coarse  woollen  cloth  made  in  Iceland,  and  so 
generally  used  for  clothing,  that  it  was  a  measure  of  value  in  the 
north,  like  money,  for  other  commodities." — Laing's  note. 
Wadmal  was  used  as  cloth  and  is  now  used  in  some  parts  of  Africa, 
as  a  medium  of  exchange  by  measure,  as  gold  by  weight.  In  Adal, 
South  Abyssinia,  blue  Surat  cloth  passes  current  at  half  a  dollar 
the  cubit  length  ;  such  length  being  folded  into  a  three-cornered 
packet. — Johnson  s  Travels  in  Southern  Abyssinia. 

1  It  is  here  distinctly  stated  that  the  armlet  was  held  as  money; 
not  a  valuable  memorial  of  kindness  to  be  preserved,  but  a  form 
of  property  to  be  passed  away  into  other  hands  when  need  re- 
quired, without  any  violation  of  respect  or  delicacy  towards  the 
donor. 


MEDAL  MONEY  AND  JEWEL  CURRENCY.      213 

senger  saw  that  Biorn's  inclinations  were  turned  towards 
the  money,  he  threw  down  two  thick  gold  rings,  and  said, 
Take  the  money  at  once,  Biorn,  and  swear  the  oath  to  King 
Canute."  This  he  did.8  But  that  these  jewels  were  offered 
and  received  as  pay  for  services  will  be  most  clearly  proved 
by  the  following  lines,  in  which  Astrid,  the  widow  of  Olaf 
the  Saint,  at  a  Thing,  or  national  assembly,  strove  to 
win  the  Swedes  to  the  party  of  her  son  Magnus  the 
Good. 

Now  Astrid,  Olaf  s  widowed  queen, 
She  who  so  many  a  change  had  seen, 
Took  all  the  gifts  of  happier  days, 
Jewels,  and  rings,  all  she  would  raise, 
And  at  a  Thing  at  Hungrar,  where 
The  Swedes  were  numerous,  did  declare 
What  Olaf's  sons  proposed  to  do, 
And  brought  her  gifts, — their  pay — in  view.9 

These  transactions,  be  it  recollected,  all  took  place  when 
there  was  a  silver  medal-money  currency. 

8  Here  again  the  gold  rings  are  associated  with  the  silver  coin 
as  money. 

9  Major  Twemlow,  Bengal  Army,  Brigadier,  Nizam's  service, 
has  called  my  notice  to  a  precisely  parallel  case  in  the  instance  of 
"  the  mutinous   soldiers  of  the   Punjaub,   who  not  only  exacted 
increased  pay  of  their  government,  but  also  golden  bracelets  of 
weight,  so  that  they  would  only  fight  for  those  ministers  *  who  the 
gold  '  bracelets  *  did  not  spare,'  and  they  looked  for  changes,  and 
renewed  donations  of  golden  ornaments."     The   Bombay  Over- 
land Times   (Nov.  15th,  1845),  in  stating  that  the  government  at 
Lahore,  with  the  anxious   wish  of  the  troops,  had  sent  a  deputa- 
tion to  Jamoo,  to  the  Rajah  Goolab  Singh,  to  invite  him  to  accept 
the   Viziership,  observes,    "  This    rapturous    attachment  to  the 
Jamoo  Rajah  is  said  to  have  taken  its  rise  in  a  still  more  passion- 
ate regard  for  certain  golden  bracelets,  which  they   demanded  as 
the  price  of  the  office,  and  which  they  considered  no  other  person 
would  be  likely  to  bestow  upon  them."     Here  the  golden  bracelets 
are  spoken  of  as  a  ((  price,"  or  money  purchase;  and  the  affair  is 
exactly    like  the    sale  of  the     Roman  purple  by    the  Pra3torian 
baud. 


'214  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

A  remarkable  instance  of  the  conjunction  of  golden  or- 
naments and  silver  medal-money,  as  treasure,  is  given 
in  the  plunder  of  the  temple  of  Jomala,  the  Biarrne- 
land  people's  god,  by  piratical  freebooters.  "  They  took 
from  Jomala  a  silver  bowl  that  stood  upon  his  knee  full  of 
silver  money:"  again,  there  is  jewel  treasure,  "  Thereupon 
Carl  immediately  ran  to  Jomala ;  and  observing  he  had  a 
thick  gold  ornament  hanging  around  his  neck,  he  lifted  his 
axe,  cut  the  string  with  which  the  ornament  was  tied  behind 
his  neck;  and  the  stroke  was  so  strong,  that  the  head  of  Jo- 
mala rang  with  such  a  great  sound  that  they  were  all 
astonished.  Carl  seized  the  ornament" — vol.  ii.  201.  The 
above  may  be  doubly  interesting,  as,  possibly,  offering  an 
explanation  of  the  bulbous  or  trumpet-shaped  ends  of  collars 
and  other  articles,  the  ends  probably  affording  a  hold,  to 
prevent  the  string  with  which  they  were  tied  from  slipping. 
Various  instances  are  related  of  gods  richly  adorned  with 
gold  ornaments ;  such  deposits  of  treasure  being  there 
made  for  safety  most  probably  against  pillage — and  con- 
sidered as  national  property.  It  is  said  (Judges  ix.  4), 
of  Abimelech,  that  the  men  of  Shechem  "  gave  him 
threescore  and  ten  pieces  of  silver  out  of  the  house  of  Baal- 
berith"  their  idol  god. 

From  the  whole  of  these  extracts  from  the  Heimskringla 
it  appears,  that  in  the  times  to  which  it  refers,  and  amongst 
these  northern  people,  gold  in  jewels  was  used  for  the  more 
considerable  transactions  of  business,  silver  medal-money 
being  an  ancillary  currency ;  a  kind  of  small  change.  This 
view  is  singularly  borne  out  by  Tacitus'  description  of  the 
manners  of  the  Germans,  where  the  author  says,  that  when  the 
Germans,  near  the  border  of  the  empire,  became  acquainted 
with  the  Roman  coin,  they  preferred  the  silver  to  the  gold  ; 
"  because,"  as  he  says,  "the  inferior  metal  is  of  more  ex- 


MEDAL  MONEY  AND  JEWEL  CURRENCY.       "215 

peditious  use  in  the  purchase   of  low-priced  commodities" 
(Murphy's  translation).10 

I  have  shewn  in  a  paper  upon  African  ring-money  pub- 
lished in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle  (Vol.  VI.  p.  201),  that 
the  native  traders  from  the  interior  of  Africa  use  penan- 
nular  gold  rings  for  the  purchase  of  goods  in  the  Sierra 
Leone  market,  although  they  are  well  acquainted  with  our 
medal-money;  and  the  regular  and  extensive  use  of  this 
jewel  currency  goes  far,  at  least  in  my  judgment,  to  prove 
that  the  gold  rings,  armlets,  and  collars  mentioned  by 
Snorro  Sturleson,  were  not  so  much  formed  for  personal 
ornament,  as  for  a  convenient  form  of  storing  representative 
property.  That  the  African  penannular  gold  rings  are 
made  almost  entirely  with  this  object  in  view,  I  think  will 
be  admitted  from  the  following  passages,  taken  from  a  work 
of  Rene  Caille,  a  French  traveller,  who  made  a  journey  in 
1827  from  Senegal  to  Timbuctoo.  He  says,  (vol.  i.  283), 
"the  country  of  Boure  is  covered  by  hills  in  which  are  many 
very  abundant  gold-mines.  .  .  .  The  gold  when  obtained  is 
formed  into  rings  and  ingots.  .  .  .  The  gold  of  Boure  circu- 
lates throughout  the  whole  interior,  and  finds  its  way  to  the 
French  and  English  settlements  on  the  coast."  The  rings 
from  the  gold  of  Boure,  according  to  the  same  author,  are 
made  of  a  specific  weight  or  value,  like  the  half-mark,  and 
two-mark  rings  of  the  Norwegian  kings  ;  for  in  speaking 
of  the  town  of  Kaukan,  he  says,  "  There  is  a  market  twice 
a  week.  All  the  dealers  [in  gold]  are  provided  with  small 

10  May  not  the  passage  from  Tacitus  in  some  degree  tend  to 
explain  the  reason  why  our  Anglo-Saxon  forefathers  confined 
their  coinage  to  the  small  sceattse,  admitted  to  be  copied  from  the 
Roman  denarii  ?  And  does  it  not  seem  that  they  paid  for  large 
purchases  in  bullion  by  weight,  such  bullion  being  often  stored  in 
the  shape  of  ornaments  and  vessels,  the  coined  silver  being  used 
"  in  the  purchase  of  low-priced  commodities"  ? 

VOL.  VIII.  G  G 


216  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

scales,  made  in  the  country,  and  which  seemed  to  be  toler- 
ably accurate.  The  seeds  of  a  tree  which  grows  in  the 
Fonta  Dialon  are  used  for  weights.  These  seeds  are  black, 
and  of  the  size  arid  shape  of  Corossol  seeds,  but  rather  hea- 
vier. A  piece  of  gold  of  the  weight  of  two  of  these  seeds 
is  worth  six  francs.  The  gold  which  I  saw  in  the  Kaukan, 
and  which  I  was  told  came  from  Boure,  was  made  into 
earrings  of  the  value  of  six  gourdes;  there  are  also  some 
worth  25  gourdes"  (vol.  ii.  283). n 

The  use  of  ornaments  as  a  representative  of  wealth  is 
not  confined  to  those  of  bullion  alone,  in  some  parts  of 
Africa.  To  the  Reverend  N.  Denton,  of  Regent,  near  Sierra 
Leone  (to  whom  I  am  under  much  obligation  for  very 
valuable  information  upon  African  ring- money),  I  am  in- 
debted for  the  following  interesting  particular.  "  The 
Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  informed  me  of  a  woman  in  his  parish, 
who  wore  a  very  handsome  pipe-coral  necklace:  but  on 
being  taken  ill,  and  reduced  to  difficulties,  she  was  obliged 
to  dispose  of  it,  which  she  did  by  taking  off  a  single  pipe  at 
a  time,  and  living  on  the  proceeds  of  that  until  obliged  to 

11  I  have  not  been  able  to  discover  what  the  Corossol  seed  is, 
though  Mr.  Walter  Hawkins,  at  the  obliging  request  of  my  friend, 
Mr.  B.  Nightingale,  very  kindly  made  enquiries  for  me  of  several 
friends  of  his  who  had  visited  the  African  coast.  From  the  same 
gentleman  (Mr.  Walter  Hawkins)  I  received  through  Mr.  B. 
Nightingale,  two  seeds  of  a  bright  red  colour,  with  the  following 
valuable  information,  for  which  I  beg  here  to  express  my  grateful 
thanks. 

"  AdenantTiera  pavonia,  weight  four  grains,  as  near  as  possible ; 
these  seeds  are  used  in  the  East  Indies  for  weighing  gold  and 
precious  stones.  They  are  known  in  the  East  by  the  name  of 
mobogs. 

"  Bruce  speaks  of  the  carat  as  a  bean,  the  fruit  of  an  Abyssinian 
tree  called  kuara  (erythrina  corrallodendrum,  Linn.).  This  bean, 
from  the  time  of  its  being  gathered,  varies  very  little  in  its  weight, 
and  seems  to  have  been,  in  the  earliest  ages,  a  weight  for  gold  in 
Africa." 


MEDAL    MONEY    AND    JEWEL    CURRENCY.  217 

take  another  in  like  manner,  and  so   on   till   they   were  all 
sold."12 

I  have  formerly  mentioned  (Num.  Chron.  Vol.  VII.  p. 
98),  that  in  Socotra,  according  to  the  account  of  Lieut.  C.  J. 
Cruttenden,  I.  N.,  Assistant  Political  Agent  at  Aden, 
silver  rings  circulate  as  money  amongst  the  Bedouin  Arabs 
of  the  higher  range  of  mountains  in  that  island,  in  common 
with  German  crowns,  being  equally  a  current  medium  of 
exchange.  That  a  similar  practice  obtains  at  the  present 
time  amongst  the  natives  of  India,  there  is  ground  to  be- 
lieve, from  the  following  facts. 

In  looking  over  the  articles  in  the  archaeological  depart- 
ment of  the  Natural  History  and  Archaeological  Society  of 
Warwick,  I  was  struck  by  observing  a  native  Indian  brace- 
let of  a  very  peculiar  form,  made  of  a  white  mixed  metal 
of  inferior  value.  The  bracelet  was  formed  of  a  succession 
of  rings,  ornamented  externally,  and  flattened  and  indented 
within.  Through  these  rings  a  tape  was  strung,  and  each 
ring  was  separately  fastened,  so  that  a  single  ring  could  be 
removed  without  loosening  the  whole.  At  one  end  was  a 
ball,  over  which  the  rings  would  not  pass;  at  the  other,  a 
simple  loop,  over  which  the  rings  could  be  withdrawn. 
The  form  seemed  so  well  adapted  for  the  use  of  consecutive 
removal,  that  I  felt  convinced  the  type  was  copied  from  one 
in  gold,  where  the  object  was  the  use,  if  needful,  of  a 
single  ring  of  the  bullion  for  the  purpose  of  an  ex- 
changeable medium.13  With  this  impression,  I  wrote  to 

12  The  coral  here  must  have  been  bought  for  its  intrinsic  value, 
pipe  by  pipe.   The  fact  reminds  one  of  the  passage  in  Job  xxviii.  18, 
"  No  mention  sball  be  made  of  coral,  or  of  pearls  :  for  the  price 
of  wisdom  is  above  rubies." 

13  With  this  bracelet  was  another,  penannular  in  form,  and  with 
small  trumpet-shaped  ends,   exactly    like  the    Celtic  penannular 
armillse.     It  will  bp  seen  from  Brigadier  Twemlow's  letter,  that 


218  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE. 

a  friend,  Brigadier  Twemlow,  residing  at  Ellichpoor,  to 
ascertain  if  my  conjecture  was  correct;  and  from  him  I 
have  been  favoured  with  an  assurance  of  its  accuracy. 
He  says,  "I  could,  if  you  desired  it,  purchase  for  you  golden 
bracelets,  similar  to  those,  you  describe,  as  being  sewn 
on  tape  in  successive  rings.14  Many  of  the  ornaments 
in  gold  and  silver  at  present  in  use  in  India,  are  strung 
like  pearls,  or  sewn  on  velvet  or  cloth,  in  portions  that 
could  be  used  in  succession.  I  have  sent  for  your  ac- 
ceptance two  toe-rings,  and  one  finger  ring,  procured  from 
a  money-changer  (Schroff)  at  this  station.  They  weigh 
equal  to  12  of  the  rupees  current  here.  They  may  be 
considered  curiosities.  A  penannular  ring  of  gold  was 
brought  to  me  similar  to  the  Celtic  fibulae:  in  fact  there 
is  no  form  scarcely  in  which  ornaments  are  not  made,  or 
bullion  run  for  ornament  or  store.  The  gold  of  India  (all 
that  remains)  is  at  present  either  made  into  ornaments  or 
concealed  in  coins,  bars,  rings,  or  other  convenient  shapes. 
Gold  is  marketable  at  so  much  per  tola  and  masha ;  and 
soldiers  and  travellers  carry  it  with  them  on  their  persons 
in  any  convenient  form  of  rings,  chains,  or  bars.  History 

this  was  also  a  copy  of  a  gold  penannular  bracelet.  There  were 
also  heavy  ancient-shaped  oval  anklets,  to  be  slipped  over  the  foot 
and  then  turned,  and  "  tinkling  ornaments"  to  be  attached  to  them. 
These  "  tinkling  ornameuts"  were  shaped  something  like  two  small 
kidney-beans,  attached  together  at  the  ends  ;  they  were  hollow, 
and  held  each  a  dried  pea,  and  had  a  small  slit  at  the  extreme  ends 
to  emit  sound.  The  pea  produced  a  soft  tinkling  sound.  The 
only  mode  of  fastening  appeared  by  a  string  at  the  central  part  to 
the  anklet.  The  whole  suite  called  to  mind  forcibly  the  female 
ornaments  described  in  Isaiah,  chap.  iii. 

14  The  object  of  this  form  will  receive  much  illustration  from 
the  demand  of  gold  bracelets  by  the  Sikh  troops,  whose  use  of 
them  might  and  probably  would  be  like  that  of  Balafre  with  his 
gold  chain,  as  so  admirably  imagined  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in 
"  Quentin  Durward." 


MEDAL    MONEY    AND    JEWEL    CURRENCY.  219 

makes  known  to  us,  that  when  Dowletabad,  Tritchinopoly, 
and  other  places  capitulated,  or  were  taken,  ornaments  and 
jewellery  have  been  found  more  abundant  than  coins :  the 
want  of  security  for  property  which  exists  amongst  native 
states  is  the  chief  cause  of  treasure  being  concealed  and 
buried."15 

From  the  foregoing  statements,  it  will  appear,  that  long 
after  the  invention  of  coinage,  bullion  and  jewel-currency 
continued  in  use  together  with  medal-money;  and  that  such 
practice  was  continued,  from  the  insecurity  of  property,  and 
the  greater  safety  of  bullion  in  a  form  capable  of  being 
carried  about  the  person  and  not  calculated  to  betray  fear, 
and  thereby  invite  spoliation.  It  will  also  appear,  that  in 
ancient  times  jewels  were  frequently  made  of  weights  com- 
prising the  half,  the  whole,  or  multiples  of  recognised 
amounts  of  weight,  and  modes  of  computation.  The  same 
circumstances  which  in  ancient  times  caused  such  a  system 
of  exchangeable  medium,  have  produced  in  modern  times 
the  same  result  in  countries  similarly  conditioned  as  to 
insecurity,  and  moveable  habits.  Bullion  in  mass  or  jewels  is 
not  to  be  looked  upon  in  these  cases  as  an  article  of  traffic, 
but  as  an  admitted  representative  of  property,  in  itself 


15  In  ancient  times  there  was  another  reason  for  burying  treasure, 
as  stated  in  the  Heimskringla.  "  Thorer  explained,  that  it  was  so 
established  in  this  land  (Biarmeland),  that  when  a  rich  man  died 
all  his  moveable  goods  were  divided  between  the  dead  man  and 
his  heirs.  He  got  the  half-part,  or  the  third-part,  or  sometimes 
less  ;  and  that  part  was  carried  out  into  the  forest  and  buried, 
sometimes  even  a  house  was  built  over  it"  (vol.  ii.  200).  Odin 
ordered  that  a  man's  property  should  be  burnt  with  him.  "  Thus," 
said  he,  "  every  one  will  come  to  Valhalla  with  the  riches  he  had 
with  him  on  the  pile,  and  he  would  also  enjoy  whatever  he  himself 
had  buried  in  the  earth"  (vol.  i.  223).  For  a  man  of  consequence 
a  mound  was  to  be  raised  ;  for  distinguished  warriors,  a  "  standing 
stone." 


220  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE, 

available  for  the  purchase  of  goods  without  being  first  con- 
verted into  coined  money;  and  therefore  it  is  to  all  intents 
and  purposes  to  be  considered  not  money's  worth,  but 
itself  money,  or  a  medium  of  exchange.  In  civilised 
society,  the  sale  of  jewels  or  vessels  of  the  precious  metals, 
is  only  resorted  to  in  cases  of  dire  necessity,  or  upon 
divisions  of  personal  property,  or  upon  some  extraordinary 
occasion ;  and  such  sale  is  made  for,  and  compensated  by 
the  circulating  medium.  In  the  instances  to  which  I  have 
alluded,  jewels  have  been  passed  from  hand  to  hand  as 
regularly  as  sovereigns,  and  without  any  feeling  of  in- 
delicacy or  imputation  of  poverty.  And  when  we  consider 
in  our  country  the  insecurity  of  property  during  the  Anglo- 
saxon  and  Norman  periods,  we  shall  not  wonder  at  the 
continuance  of  a  bullion  medium  in  the  form  of  articles  of 
use  or  ornament,  and  the  absence  of  a  large-sized  silver 
currency,  and  the  non-adoption  of  a  gold  coinage.  To  pay 
the  bard  or  the  soldier,  to  buy  the  services  of  an  individual, 
or  discharge  a  fine,  there  were  no  silver  crowns  or  golden 
ducats ;  and  therefore  the  ring,  the  bracelet,  the  armlet,  or 
collar,  were  of  necessity  used.  To  pay  a  large  sum  in 
silver  pennies  would  have  been  irksome,  or  been  held,  as 
in  Thorer's  case,  a  vexatious  course,  equivalent  to  our 
paying  in  sixpences  "to  gain  time."  Such  views  will 
therefore  justify  us  in  believing  the  co-existence  of  a  bullion 
and  jewel  currency,  with  a  medal-money  medium. 

W.  B.  DICKINSON. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NUMISMATIC 
SOCIETY. 


SESSION    1844-5. 


NOVEMBER  28,  1844. 
PROFESSOR  WILSON,  Y.P.,  IN  THE  CHAIR. 

The  following  Presents,  received  during  the  Vacation,  were  an- 
nounced and  laid  on  the  table  : — 

I  PRESENTED  BY 

Coutumes  locales  du  Baillage  d'Amiens,  Series  1  THE  SOCIETY  OF  AN- 
L,  II.,  III.      Amiens,  1840—  3.  J  TIQUARIES  OF  PICARDY. 

Bulletins  de  la  Societe  des  Antiquaires  de  Pi-  ] 
cardie,  Nos.  I.,  II.,  III.,  IV.  (1842),  et  Nos.  - 
I.,  II.  (1843)  J 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  des  Antiquaires  de  Pi- 
cardie.  Tomes  2,  3  ;  Suppt.  du  tome  4  ; 
Atlas  du  tome  3. 

Statuts  et  Reglemens  de  la  meme  Societe  ,, 

Bulletins  de  1'Academie  des  Sciences  et  Belles  ] 

Lettres  de  Bruxelles.    Tome  10,  2de  partie  ;  ^THE  ACADEMY. 
tome  11,  lre  partie.     Brussels,  1843 — 4.       ) 

Annuaire  de  1'Academie  Royale  des  Sciences  et  1 

des  Belles  Lettres  de  Bruxelles,  10me  annee  J         "  " 

Memoires  de  la  Societe'  d'Archseologie  du  De-  1 

partement  de  la  Somme.    Tome  1.    4miens,  I  THE  SOCIETY. 
1838.  J 

Questions  par  le  Comite  Historique  du  Minis-  ~| 

tere  de  1  Instruction  Publique,  Departement  LTHK  COMMITTEE. 
du  Pas  de  Calais. 

Notice  sur  un  Denier  inedit  d'Uranius  Antonius,  \ 

par  M.  le  Normand.  / THE  AlIT"°«- 

Esquisse  de  1'Histoire  de  la  Monnaie  chez  les) 
Hebreux.   Par  J.  G.  H.  Greppo.  1 844.  / 

Bliitter  fur  Miinzkunde  (Journal  of  Numisma-  1  DR.  GROTK,  THK 
tology).     Vol.  4.     Leipzig,  1844.  /     EDITOR. 

B 


220  NUMISMATIC    CHRONICLE, 

available  for  the  purchase  of  goods  without  being  first  con- 
verted into  coined  money;  and  therefore  it  is  to  all  intents 
and  purposes  to  be  considered  not  money's  worth,  but 
itself  money,  or  a  medium  of  exchange.  In  civilised 
society,  the  sale  of  jewels  or  vessels  of  the  precious  metals, 
is  only  resorted  to  in  cases  of  dire  necessity,  or  upon 
divisions  of  personal  property,  or  upon  some  extraordinary 
occasion ;  and  such  sale  is  made  for,  and  compensated  by 
the  circulating  medium.  In  the  instances  to  which  I  have 
alluded,  jewels  have  been  passed  from  hand  to  hand  as 
regularly  as  sovereigns,  and  without  any  feeling  of  in- 
delicacy or  imputation  of  poverty.  And  when  we  consider 
in  our  country  the  insecurity  of  property  during  the  Anglo- 
saxon  and  Norman  periods,  we  shall  not  wonder  at  the 
continuance  of  a  bullion  medium  in  the  form  of  articles  of 
use  or  ornament,  and  the  absence  of  a  large-sized  silver 
currency,  and  the  non-adoption  of  a  gold  coinage.  To  pay 
the  bard  or  the  soldier,  to  buy  the  services  of  an  individual, 
or  discharge  a  fine,  there  were  no  silver  crowns  or  golden 
ducats ;  and  therefore  the  ring,  the  bracelet,  the  armlet,  or 
collar,  were  of  necessity  used.  To  pay  a  large  sum  in 
silver  pennies  would  have  been  irksome,  or  been  held,  as 
in  Thorer's  case,  a  vexatious  course,  equivalent  to  our 
paying  in  sixpences  "to  gain  time."  Such  views  will 
therefore  justify  us  in  believing  the  co-existence  of  a  bullion 
and  jewel  currency,  with  a  medal-money  medium. 

W.  B.  DICKINSON. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NUMISMATIC 
SOCIETY. 


SESSION    1844-5. 


NOVEMBER  28,  1844. 
PROFESSOR  WILSON,  V.P.,  IN  THE  CHAIR. 

The  following  Presents,  received  during  the  Vacation,  were  an- 
nounced and  laid  on  the  table  : — 

°  PRESENTED   BY 

Coutumes  locales  du  Baillage  d'Amiens,  Series  "1  THE  SOCIETY  OF  AN- 
L,  II.,  III.      Amiens,  1840—  3.  J  TIQUARIES  OF  PICARDY. 

Bulletins  de  la  Societe  des  Antique  ires  de  Pi-  1 
cardie,  Nos.  L,  II.,  III.,  IV.  (1842),  et  Nos.  I 
I.,  II.  (1843)  J 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  des  Antiquaires  de  Pi- 
cardie.  Tomes  2,  3  ;  Suppt.  du  tome  4  ; 
Atlas  du  tome  3. 

Statuts  et  Reglemens  de  la  meme  Societe  ,,  ,, 

Bulletins  de  1'Academie  des  Sciences  et  Belles  1 

Lettres  de  Bruxelles.    Tome  10,  2de  partie  ;  [-THE  ACADEMY. 
tome  1 1,  lre  partie.     Brussels,  1 843 — 4.       J 

Annuaire  de  1'Academie  Royale  des  Sciences  et  1 
des  Belles  Lettres  de  Bruxelles,  10me  annee  J 

Memoires  de  la  Societe*  d'Archseologie  du  De-  1 

partement  de  la  Somme.    Tome  1.    Amiens,  >  THE  SOCIETY. 
1838.  J 

Questions  par  le  Comite  Historique  du  Minis- 1 

tere  de  {'Instruction  Publique,  Departement  L  THE  COMMITTEE. 
du  Pas  de  Calais. 

Notice  sur  un  Denier  inedit  d'Uranius  Antonius,  "1 

par  M.  le  Normand.  }  THE  AUTHOR. 

Esquisse  de  1'Histoire  de  la  Monnaie  chez  les  ) 
Hebreux.   Par  J.  G.  H.  Greppo.  1 844.  j 

Bliitter  fur  Miinzkunde  (Journal  of  Numisma-  1  DR.  GROTE,  THK 
tology).     Vol.  4.     Leipzig,  1844.  J      EDITOR. 

B 


4  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

PRESENTED   BY 

Anteckningar  ur   Kongl.  Witterhets,  Historic " 
och  Antiquitets  Akademiens  Dagbok,  samt 
om  de  under  Akademiens  inseende  stallda 
kongl.  Samlingarna  for  ar  1843.      (Notes 
from  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  V.THE  AUTHOR. 
Science,  History,  and  Antiquities  ;    together 
with  Observations  on  the  Royal  Collections 
placed  under  its  superintendence).   By  B.  E. 
Hildebrand.  Stockholm,  1844.  J 

Bemerkungen  iiber  Sassam'den  Munzen.    (Re-  "1 

marks  on  the  Coins  of  the  Sassanidse.)    By  >THE  AUTHOR. 
Dr.  Bernhard  Dorn.  St.  Petersburg,  1844.      J 

Die  Reichelsche  Miinz-Sammlung  in  St.  Peters-  "1 
burg.     (Catalogue  of  M.  Reichel's  Collec-  I 
tion  of  Coins.)     Two  sets  of  all  the  parts  f M 
published.  J 

Berlinske  Politisk.     May  15,  1844.  THE  EDITOR. 

Collectanea  Antiqua.    No.  5.  THE  EDITOR. 

Proceedings     of   the    Royal    Irish  Academy,  1 

1836-7,  1841-2,  1842-3.  /  THE  ACADEMY. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  No.  15, 1 

Parti.  I  THE  SOCIETY. 

Two  Lithographs  of  Torques.  EDWARD  HOARE,  ESQ.  ' 

A  silver-gilt  Medal  of  George  III.  M.DURAND.OF  CALAIS. 

A  copper  Coin  brought  from  Pompeii.  GEORGE  GROVE,  ESQ. 

A  specimen  of  Burmese  Tin  Money.  j  Jo^ 

Medal,  struck  to  commemorate  the  first  Annual  "I 

Meeting  of  the  British  Archaeological  Asso-  I  C.  ROACH  SMITH,  ESQ. 


jxiccviug  ui  uic  -oiiusu  zuuu«euiugu;tu  ^\.ssu-  y 

ciation  at  Canterbury,  by  W.  J.  Taylor. 


Read,  a  further  portion  of  Mr.  Borrell's  communication  on  unedited 
autonomous  and  imperial  Greek  coins.  The  coins  described  in  the 
present  paper  were  of  the  cities  of  Crannon,  Cierium,  Ctimene,  Eu- 
rymense,  Histiseotis,  Lamia,  and  Tricca,  in  Thessaly;  Aleta,  or 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY.  6 

Aletta,  Apollonia  and  Dyrrachium,  in  Illyria  ;  the  islands  of 
Peparethus  (on  the  coast  of  Thessaly),  and  Sciathus  ;  Alexander  II, 
king  of  Epirus  ;  and  Alexander,  tyrant  of  Pherse,  in  Thessaly.  The 
paper  is  printed  at  length  in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle,  No.  xxvi. 
page  115. 


DECEMBER  19,  1844. 

LORD  ALBERT  CONYNGHAM,  President,  in  the  Chair. 
The  following  presents  were  announced  :  — 

PRESENTED  BY 

Berlinske  Politisk,  for  November  22.  THE  EDITOR. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  No.  15,1 

part  2.  j  THE  SOCIETY. 

Bulletins  de  la  Societe  des  Antiquaires  de  Pi-  1 

cardie.     No.  3,  1844.  j  THE  SOCIETY. 

Histoire  Numismatique  de  la  Revolution  Beige. 


lre  et  2de  Livraisons.   Par  M.  Guioth.  j 


THE  AuTHOR- 


Read,  a  paper  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Christmas,  on  1.  a  penny  of 
Eadgar,  supposed  to  have  been  minted  at  Bury  St.  Edmund's  ;  2.  an 
unpublished  half-penny  of  the  base  coinage  of  Edward  VI.,  struck  at 
London  ;  the  obverse,  similar  in  type  to  the  penny  engraved  in 
Ruding,  pi.  9,  No.  5,  but  the  reverse  having  the  cross  and  pellets, 
like  the  farthing  No.  18  in  the  same  plate;  and  3.  a  specimen  of  the 
short  cross  penny,  generally  considered  to  be  of  Henry  III.,  but  by 
Mr.  Hawkins  attributed  to  Henry  II.,  reading  HALLI  ON  RVLA, 
retrograde. 

This  paper  is  published  in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  then  read  a  paper  which  had  been  communi- 
cated through  him  to  the  British  Archaeological  Association,  by 
Thomas  Baker,  Esq.,  recording  the  discovery  of  a  large  quantity  of 
Roman  coins,  in  a  field  called  the  Church  Piece,  near  Lilly  Horn, 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 


adjoining  the  highway  from  Oakridge  Common  to  Bisley ;  and  ex- 
hibited some  of  the  coins  and  casts  of  others.  They  were  as 
follows : — 


1161 

35 

2 

I 

2 
1 
2 

6 

7 
1 

1218 


Valerian  us   . 

...          2 

Brought  up    .     . 
Tacitus        ...... 
Florianus 

19 

Marius 

5 

Gallienus 

29 

Carus 

Victorinus   . 

.     .     .     353 

Numerianus      .     . 

Quintillus     . 

...         6 

Claudius  II 

34 

Maximianus      . 
Diocletianus      .     .     .,    * 
Carausius           . 
Allectus             .     .     .     . 

Total 

Probus 

...       73 

Tetricus        .     . 

.     .          629 

.     .              9 

Severina      .     . 
Carried  i 

...         2 

ip           .   1161 

Mr.  Smith  observed  that  the  list  of  the  reverses  of  these  coins 
presented  only  one  new  variety,  which  is  that  of  the  coin  of  Allectus, 
reading  . .  ICTORI  GER  Victoria  Germanica.  In  the  exergue,  C  ; 
in  the  field,  S.P.  Trophy  and  captives.  This  reverse,  although 


common  on  coins  of  the  period,  had  not  been  previously  noticed  on 
those  of  Allectus.  Doubts  have  been  cast  upon  the  historical  im- 
portance of  some  of  the  coins  of  Carausius  and  Allectus,  from  their 
close  resemblance  in  type  to  those  of  their  predecessors,  of  which  it  is 
therefore  alleged  they  are  mere  imitations.  There  are,  however, 
many  which  certainly  cannot  be  placed  in  this  category,  as  they  afford 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY.  O 

types  both  novel  and  appropriate  ;  and  Mr.  Smith  suggested  that  the 
coin  now  first  published  may  have  been  struck  to  record  a  victory 
gained  by  Allectus  over  some  of  the  German  or  Saxon  pirates  infesting 
the  British  coast. — The  cut  lias  been  supplied  by  the  Central  Committee 
of  the  British  Archaeological  Association. 


JANUARY  23,  1845. 
DR.  LEE  in  the  Chair. 

Read — 1.  A  paper  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Whitaker,  of  Blackburn,  on  the 
coins  found  at  Cuerdale,  near  Preston,  in  the  year  1840  ;  in  which  he 
endeavoured  to  prove  that  they  were  minted  by  a  Spanish  Jew,  named 
Cortena,  whose  name  Dr.  Whitaker  considered  to  be  given  on  the 
obverse  of  the  Cunnetti  coins  (Numismatic  Chronicle,  Vol.  V.,  pi.  ix. 
Nos.  118,  et  seqq.),  and  in  Hebrew  characters,  on  the  reverse  of  a 
penny  of  Alfred  (Vol.  V.,  pi.  i.  No.  8). 

2.  A  paper  by  Walter  Hawkins,  Esq  ,   accompanying  a  drawing 
of  a  Russian  token,  struck  by  Peter  the  Great,  in  the  year  1724,  for 
the  purpose  of  being  given  as  a  receipt  to  those  who  paid  the  tax  for 
wearing  a  beard.     The  paper  and  drawing  are  published  in  No.  27 
of  the  Numismatic  Chronicle. 

3.  A  paper  by  Samuel  Birch,  Esq.,  containing  a  description  of 
the  Sycee  silver  received  from  the  Chinese   government,  in  payment 
of  the  indemnity  due  to  this  country.     As  the  paper  is  published  at 
length  in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle,  it  will  suffice  to  state  that  the 
Sycee  silver  is  formed  into  ingots,  stamped  with  the   mark  of  the 
office  from  which  it  issues,  and  the  date.    According  to  Dr.  Morrison, 
there  are  five  sorts,  of  different  degrees  of  fineness.     The  specimens 
inspected  by  Mr.  Birch  bore  dates  from  1793  to  1839. 

4.  A  further  portion  of  Mr.  Borrell's  papers,    on  unedited  au- 
tonomous and  imperial  Greek  coins. 


O  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

FEBRUARY  27,  1845. 

CHARLES  FREDERICK  BARNWELL,  Esq.,  in  the  Chair. 
The  following  presents  were  announced  :  — 

PRESENTED    BY 

Essai  sur  la  Numismatique  Gauloise  du  Nord ) 
Quest  de  la  France.  Far  Ed.  Lambert.  J  T 

NumiMohammedani,  Fasciculus  I.  Bv  Ignatius)  ^ 

Pietraszewski.     Berlin.  j  THE  AUTHOR. 

Erster  Jahrsbericht  derNumismatischen  Gesell-  ~\ 

schaft  zu  Berlin.     (First  Annual  Report  of  >  DR.KOHNE. 
the  Numismatic  Society  of  Berlin.)     1845.    J 

Zeitschrift  fur  Miinz-,  Siegel-,  und  Wappen-~| 
kunde.  (Journal  for  the  study  of  coins,  seals,  I 
and  armorial  bearings).    Third  year.  Edited  T 
by  Dr.  Kohne.     Berlin,  1843.  J 

Ueber  die  Darstellung  der  Vorsehung  und  der^l 
Ewigkeit  auf  Romischen  Munzen.  (On  the  I 
representations  of  Providence  and  Eternity  f 
on  Roman  coins.)  ByDr.Kohne.  Be?'lin)lS44.  J 

Die  Miinze  der  Balearischen  Inseln.  (The  coins  1 

of  the   Balearic  Isles,)     By  C.  Von  Bose.  STws  AUTHOR. 
Berlin.  J 

Bulletins  de  la  Societe  des  Antiquaires  de  Pi- 1 

cardie.     Annee  1844.     No- 4.  |  THE  SOCIETY. 

The  Secretary  exhibited  a  quantity  of  coins,  forwarded  by  the 
Rev.  Edward  Gibbs  Walford;  found,  with  other  antiquities,  during 
the  summer  and  autumn  of  1844,  on  the  site  of  the  Roman  station  of 
Brenavis,  at  Chipping  Warden,  near  Banbury.  They  were  of  the  em- 
perors from  Hadrian  to  Honorius,  but  neither  were  remarkable  for 
preservation,  nor  presented  any  new  reverses  or  other  points  of 
interest. 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY.  / 

The  Secretary  likewise  exhibited  an  impression  in  wax  of  a  noble 
of  Edward  III.,  with  the  letter  D  in  the  centre  of  the  reverse,  instead 
of  E,  as  usual;  and  read  part  of  a  letter  on  the  subject  from  Robert 
Newton  Lee,  sq. 

Dr.  Lee  exhibited  a  Chinese  medal,  having  on  the  obverse  the 
figure  of  a  dragon,  and  on  the  reverse  a  star  or  sun. 

Read,  a  letter  from  Edward  Hoare,  Esq.,  of  Cork,  describing  a 
penny  of  Henry  II.  or  III,,  with  the  moneyer's  name,  TERRI 
ON  LVND. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  ballotted  for,  and  elected  into  the 
Society  : — 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  Bagot. 

Thomas  Crofton  Croker,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  M.R.I.A. 

Dr.  Lowe. 

James  M.  Lockyer,  Esq. 


MARCH  27,  1845. 
Professor  WILSON,  Vice-President,  in  the  Chair. 

Read — 1.  A  letter  from  E.  H.Bunbury,  Esq.,  addressed  to  Thomas 
Burgon,  Esq.,  on  the  date  of  some  of  the  coins  attributed  to  Himera. 
In  this  paper  the  change  of  the  standard  of  weight  from  the  ^Eginetan 
to  the  Attic  talent,  observable  in  those  coins  of  Himera  which,  having 
the  crab,  the  well-known  symbol  of  Agrigentum,  on  the  reverse,  in- 
dicate an  alliance  between  the  two  cities,  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact 
that  Theron  usurped  the  government  of  Himera,  partly  peopled  it 
with  a  Doric  colony,  and  for  ten  years  ruled  over  both  cities.  A  com- 
parison of  the  dates  given  by  Diodorus  and  Herodotus  places  the 
commencement  of  the  authority  of  Theron  in  Himera  at  about  the 


i 


8  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

year  482   B.C.  ;    and  therefore  the  coins  in  question  were  probably 
struck  during  the  ten  years  subsequent  to  that  date. 

2.   A  paper  by  Samuel   Birch,  Esq.,  on  some  unedited  imperial 
Greek  coins  in  the  British  Museum. 


VIMINACIUM 

(Gallus  and  Volusian.) 

IMP.  C.  VIBIO   TREBON.  GALLO  AVG.  IMP.  C.  C.  VO- 

LVSIAN.     Laureated  heads  of  the  two   emperors,  facing 
each  other. 

R.—  P.  M.  S.  CO.  VIM.  The  two  emperors  dressed  in  the 
paludamentum,  facing  each  other,  each  holding  a  victoriola 
and  a  spear.  Exergue,  AN.  XIII.  between  a  lion  and  a 
bull.  J&.  9. 

APAMEA  BITHYNI^E. 

(Marcus  Aurelius.) 

IMP.  C.  M.  AVRELIVS  ANTONINVS  AVG.  Bust  of  the 
emperor,  bearded  and  laureated,  to  the  right. 

R.—  COL.  IVL.  CONC.  AVG.  APAM.  Diana  in  a  chariot 
drawn  by  two  stags  :  on  her  head,  a  crescent  ;  and  in  each 
hand,  a  torch;  above  and  beneath,  D.D.  ./£.  7.  —  250'5  grs. 

NIOEA. 

(Severus  Alexander.) 

M.  AYP.  CGYH.  AAEZANAPOC  ATP.  Laureated  bust  of  the 
emperor  in  the  paludamentum,  to  the  right. 

R.—  E'K 


EYPENftN 
NIKAIE 

cw. 

In  a  laurel  wreath.     _/E.  7. 


PLARASA  AND  APHRODISIAS 
Bust  of  Eros,  to  the  right. 
R.  —  HA  A-  A$P.     Arose.     ^.1. 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY. 

STRATONIC^EA. 

(Caracalla  and  Geta.) 

AY.  KAI.  MAP.  AYP.  ANTON. ..KAI.  Laureated  head  of  Ca- 
racalla, to  the  right.  That  of  Geta,  to  the  left,  erased, 
but  traceable,  countermarked  with  the  word  6EOY,  "  of 
the  god." 

R — EHI.  HPY.  IOYAIA  AOMN...OIGPOKAEOY  CTPATONI- 
KGON.  Hecate,  draped  in  a  talaric  tunic  and  peplos,  hold- 
ing in  her  right  hand  a  torch  ;  in  her  left,  a  patera  over  a 
lighted  altar.  JE.  10. 

TABJE  CARI^E. 

(Gallienus.) 

AYT.  KAI.  HO.  A.  TAAAIHNOC.  Laureated  bust,  to  the  right, 
in  the  paludamentum  ;  before  the  head,  B. 

R.— APX..  IACONOC  CIABOY  TABHNON.  Fortune  standing 
to  the  left.  J&.  9. 

TARSUS  CILICI^E. 

(Marcus  Aurelius. ) 

AYT.  KAI.  M.   AYP.  ANTO CG.     Bust  of  the  emperor, 

laureated. 

R.— AAPIANHC  TAPCOY  MHTPOnOAEOC.  Supposed 
tomb  of  Sardanapalus,  pyramidal,  surmounted  by  an  eagle. 
Before,  a  small  bearded  figure,  with  a  quiver  at  the  left  side, 
standing  on  a  horned  griffin,  to  the  right.  The  tomb 
stands  on  a  rectangular  base,  with  doors  or  pillars,  and  over 
it  is  an  arched  embattled  wall ;  at  each  side,  a  figure  on  a 
cidaris,  standing,  facing  inwards,  holding  in  one  hand  a 
lance,  perhaps  winged.  JEi.  M.  M. 

MAGYDUS  PAMPHYLLE. 

(Domitian.) 
AOMITtANOC  RAICAP.     Bust  of  the  emperor,  to  the  right. 

R. — MAITAEWN.  Pallas  Nicephorus  standing,  to  the  left,  a 
spear  in  her  left  hand  ;  before  her,  at  her  feet,  an  argolic 
buckler.  yE.  4. 


10  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

TIBERIOPOLIS  PHRYGI^E. 

(Antoninus  Pius*} 

ATT.  KAI.  A  AP.  ANTONGINOC.  Head  of  the  emperor,  to  the 
right. 

R.— TIBePIOnOAITHN&N.  Mensis  standing,  to  the  right, 
the  moon  at  his  back  ;  a  globe  in  his  left  hand  ;  in  his  right, 
a  sceptre ;  his  foot  on  the  head  of  a  bull.  M.  4. 

Mr.  Bunbury's  and  Mr.  Birch's  papers  are  published  in  full  in  the 
Numismatic  Chronicle. 

Dr.  Rigollot,  of  Amiens,  was  elected  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Society. 

James  M.  Lockyer,  Esq.,  elected  at  the  last  meeting,  was  admitted 
a  member  of  the  Society. 


APRIL  24,  1845. 
CHARLES  FREDERICK  BARNWELL,  Esq.,  in  the  Chair. 

Mr.  Edwin  Keats  presented  to  the  Society  a  fine  specimen  of  the 
scudo,  or  dollar,  of  Pope  Gregory  XVI.,  of  the  year  1831. 

Obv. — The  pope's  head  and  titles. 

R._LVMEN  AD  REVELATIONEM  GENTIVM.  A  group 
of  four  figures,  representing  the  presentation  of  the  infant 
Jesus  in  the  temple.  In  the  exergue,  ROMA. 

This  coin  is  well  engraved  byCerbara. 
Mr.  Keats  also  presented  an  Egyptian  piastre  of  Mehemet  Ali. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  a  quantity  of  shillings  of  Charles  I., 
recently  discovered  in  Suffolk.  The  entire  number  amounted  in  weight 
to  80  Ibs.  Those  exhibited  presented  no  new  varieties,  and  were  all 
of  the  commonest  types  ;  but  Mr.  Smith  remarked  that  the  great  bulk 
had  been  claimed  by  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  he  hoped  the 
heads  of  the  college  would  ensure  their  examination  by  some  com- 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY.  11 

petent  person,  with  a  view  to  record  and  make  public  the  necessary 
particulars.  Scarcely  any  of  the  great  discoveries  of  coins  in  this 
country  were  properly  published,  or  made  subservient  to  Numis- 
matic science. 

Mr.  Smith  also  exhibited  specimens  of  plated  Roman  denarii,  dis- 
covered during  the  excavation  of  the  ground  in  King  William  Street, 
City,  for  the  foundations  of  houses  there.  There  were  some  Consular, 
some  of  Augustus,  M.  Antony,  Tiberius,  and  a  very  few  of  Claudius, 
in  whose  reign  they  were  probably  brought  to  England  by  the  Roman 
troops. 

Dr.  Ignatius  Pietraszewski  was  elected  an  associate  of  the  Society. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Burton  was  balloted  for,  and  elected  into  the  Society. 


MAY  '22,  1845. 
Lord  ALBERT  CONYNGHAM,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  casts  of  some  Gaulish  and  British 
coins,  in  silver  and  in  brass,  discovered  some  years  since  on  the  South 
Downs,  near  Worthing.  Among  them  are  two  in  silver  of  Viridovix, 
one  of  Comius,  and  others  of  different  localities  in  Gaul.  There  were 
also  a  sceatta,  and  a  number  of  Roman  coins,  in  large,  middle,  and 
third  brass.  The  spot  in  which  these  coins  were  discovered  appears 
to  have  been  occupied  by  dwellings,  and  also  used  for  sepulture.  A 
sketch  of  the  site,  and  a  brief  account  of  the  objects  discovered,  have 
been  published  by  Mr.  Smith,  in  the  sixth  number  of  his  "Collectanea 
Antiqua." 

Mr.  W.  H.  Rolfe  exhibited  the  following  coins  : — 
Edward  III.,  groat,  reading  HI  BE. 

„       EDWAR. 
Henry  IV.,  groat,  with  Roman  N  in  London.     55  grs. 

From  the  use  of  the  Roman  letter  on  this  coin,  as  on  the 
groats  of  Edward  III.  and  Richard  II.,  it  is  fair  to 
presume  it  to  be  of  Henry  IV.  ;  although  no  coins  can 
with  certainty  be  assigned  to  him,  but  such  as  weigh 
in  the  proportion  of  18  grs.  to  the  penny. 


12 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 


Henry  IV.,  V.,  or  VI.,  groat,   reading  ANGLE  ;    star  on  left 

breast.     55  grs. 
Edward  IV.,  groat,  reading  DEI.     41  grs. 

„  „      with  pierced  rose  on  the  king's  breast. 

Henry  VII.,      „      flat  crown;    cross  after  CI VITAS,  and  lis 
after  LONDON.     39  grs. 

Henry  VIII.,  base  penny  of  the  London  mint;  three    quarter 
face,  with  plain  mantle  and  falling  collar. 

This  variety  of  the  London  mint  is  not  mentioned  in  Haw- 
kins, but  it  is  not  unknown  in  private  cabinets. 

Read,  a  continuation  of  Mr.  Borrell's  papers  on  unedited  autonomous 
and  imperial  Greek  coins.  The  coins  illustrated  in  this  paper  were 
of  Chotis,  king  of  Cibyra,  in  Phrygia ;  of  Chersonesus,  in  Crete, 
hitherto  attributed  to  the  small  island  of  Clides,  near  Cyprus  ;  and  of 
the  following  cities  : — 

IN    LYCAONIA. 

Dalisandus. 


Coracesium 


IN  CILICIA. 

Mallus  Olba. 


IN  LYDIA, 


Hypaepa 

Blaundus 

Hyrcania 

Mseonia 

Philadelphia 

Saetteni 

Accilseum 
Alia 


IN  PHRYGIA. 


Sardes 

Silandus 

Temenothyrse 

Thyatira 

Tralles. 


Apamea 
Appia 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY. 


31 


Attuda 

Beudos,  vetus 

Bruzus 

Cadi 

Cadi  and  JEzani 

Cidyessus 

Clannuda 


Colossse 

Coticeum 

Diococlea 

Dionysopolis 

Docimseum 

Eumenia. 


The  paper  is  printed  in  full  in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle,  vol.  viii. 
p.  2. 

Charles  Stokes,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  C.  R.  Taylor,  were  balloted  for,  and 
elected  into  the  Society. 

Thomas  Crofton  Croker,  .Esq.,  F.S.A.  (elected  Feb.  27,  1845), 
was  admitted  a  member  of  the  Society. 


ANNUAL  MEETING. 

JUNE  19,  1845. 

EDWARD  HAWKINS,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  in  the  Chair. 
The  Secretary  announced  the  following  presents  : — 

PRESENTED  BY 

Choix  de  Monnaies  et  de  Medailles  des  Maisons  ^ 

Royales   de    France.      Par  M.  Combrouse.   -THE  AUTHOR. 
Paris,  1845.  J 

Die  Reichelsche  Miinz-sammlung  in  St.  Peters- 1 

burg.    (Catalogue  of  the  Collection  of  Coins  >M.  REICHEL. 
of  M.  Reichel,  at  St.  Petersburg.)     Part  9.    J 

The  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  As-  "1  BY  THE  CENTRAL 
sociation.     No.  1.      London,  1845.  /     COMMITTEE. 

The  Chairman,  at  the  request  of  the  Council,  took  the  sense  of  the 
meeting  on  the  question  of  proceeding  to  the  ballot  for  the  election 
of  three  candidates,  whose  certificates  had  been  suspended  in  the 
meeting-room  during  the  last  two  ordinary  meetings  of  the  Society. 


14  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

The  proposition  to  this  effect  having  been  unanimously  agreed  to 
Beriah  Botfield,  Esq.,  M.P.,  W.  Bardoe  Elliott,  Esq.,  and  Frederick 
William  Fairholt,  Esq.,  F.  S.  A.,  were  balloted  for,  and  elected  into 
the  Society. 

The  Report  of  the  Council  was  then  read,  as  follows  : — 

REPORT. 

The  Council  submit  to  the  Meeting  the  following  Report  on  the 
progress  of  the  Numismatic  Society  during  the  past,  or  eighth  year 
of  its  institution. 

The  casualties,  the  Council  are  happy  to  state,  are  few  ;  the  Society 
has  lost  by  death  but  two  resident  Members,  Francis  Baily,  Esq.  and 
Robert  Benson,  Esq.,  and  one  foreign  Associate,  Professor  Micali,  of 
Florence.  The  first  of  these  gentlemen  enjoyed  deserved  celebrity  as  a 
distinguished  cultivator  of  Astronomical  Science,  and  was  the  author  of 
various  important  works  on  subjects  relating  to  it.  An  appropriate 
tribute  has  been  paid  to  his  memory,  in  the  transactions  of  the  Royal 
Astronomical  Society.  Mr.  Benson  was  well  known  among  the  Numis- 
matists of  this  country  as  a  collector  of  coins,  especially  of  those  of 
England.  Professor  Micali  was  a  scholar  eminent  for  his  classical 
and  archaeological  researches,  of  which  an  example  is  afforded  by  his 
work  on  Etruria  before  the  time  of  the  Romans. 

The  number  of  resignations  this  year  amounts  to  seven ;  and  to  these 
must  be  added  three  names  which  it  is  useless  to  retain  longer  upon 
the  Society's  list.  On  the  other  hand  the  Council  are  happy  to  an- 
nounce the  accession  of  the  following  ten  gentlemen,  several  of  whom 
will  be  readily  recognised  as  the  liberal  promoters  of  more  than  one 
department  of  literary  and  scientific  research  : — 

Members  Elected. 


The  Lord  Bagot 

James  M.  Lockyer 

T.  Crofton  Croker,  F.S.A. 

Dr.  Lowe 

J.  B.  Burton 


Charles  Stokes 

C.  R.  Taylor 

Beriah  Botfield,  M.  P. 

W.  Bardoe  Elliott 

F.  W.  Fairholt,  F.S.A. 


NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY.  15 

The  Society  has  also  elected  the  following  gentlemen  as  Asso- 
ciates : — 

Dr.  Rigollot,  of  Amiens        —         Dr.  Ignatius  Pietraszewski 

The  numerical  state  of  the  Society  is  as  follows  : — 

Original.       Elected.       Honorary.  Associates.     Total. 
Members,  1 
June,  1844  / 
Since  elected 


60 

72 

1 

45 

178 

— 

10 

— 

2 

12 

60 

82 

1 

47 

190 

1 

} 

— 

1 

3 

i   4 

6 

— 

__ 

10 

Deceased 

Resigned  or  withdrawn      4 

55  75  1  46  177 

The  following  statement,   prepared  by  the  Treasurer,  shows  the 
state  of  the  Society's  finances. 


JJfi.:... 
11*1112 

lBrllsi 


O  O 
O  <N 


O         O         «O         Tf  O  O  TJI  <N  O  ?O 
O         O         >O         <£>  »O  O  Oi  ?O  00  i— t 


0* 


eo  «o 


•  't?  «    •  <->    •  a 

2-5     c     -° 

JM 


¥ 

&.. 

§^ 


aiili  • 

«w  • 

2  c;  'r»  T3  « 

-lull 


1 


OS 


«§§o|§il^Jj|§3§§332| 

f'S  >rd  c^;3(^r£3'l3C'3  S^Sw^o^S^S^^S^S 

^  O  O  ^  ^^  /"s  *^  ^*^  O  O  -k  C  ^K  T^  -*.  —.  ^.   — ,.  -^  — . 


T3T3  C^ 
,0  O  3^ 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE  NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY.  17 

The   following   papers   have   been    read  at  the   meetings  of  the 
Society  : — 

Continuations  of  Mr.  Borrell's  valuable  papers  on  Inedited  Greek 
Coins. 

A  paper  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Christmas,  on  certain  Inedited  English 
and  Anglo  Saxon  coins. 

A    paper  by  C.  R.  Smith,  Esq.    recording   the    discovery,   near 
Gloucester,  of  a  large  quantity  of  Roman  coins  in  third  brass. 

A  paper  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Whittaker,  of  Blackburn,  on  some  of  the 
Cuerdale  coins. 

A  note  by  W.  Hawkins,  Esq.  on  the  Russian  Beard  Token. 

A  note  by  Samuel  Birch,  Esq.  on  the  Chinese  Sycee  Silver. 

A  note  by  R.  Newton  Lee,  Esq.,  on  a  Noble  of  Edward  III.  with 
the  letter  D  in  the  centre  of  reverse. 

A  memoir,  by  E.  H.  Bunbury,  Esq.  on  certain  Coins  of  Himera. 

A  description,  by  S.  Birch,  Esq.  of  certain  Coins  of  Apamsea. 

The  Society  is  indebted  to  its  Members  and  Friends  for  the  follow- 
ing donations : — 
The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Pi-    The  Publications  of  the  Society. 

cardy. 
The  Academy  of  the  Belles  Let-      Ditto  ditto. 

tres  of  Brussels. 
The  Society  of  Archaeology  of  the      Ditto  ditto. 

Department  of  the  Somme. 
Comite'    Historique     du    Minis-       Ditto  ditto. 

tere  de  1'Instruction  Publique 
M.  Lenormant,  Notice  sur  un  Denier  d'  Uranius 

Antoninus. 
M.  I.  G.  H.  Greppo,  Histoire  des  Monnaies   chez  les 

Hebreux. 
M.  Reichel,  Catalogue  of  his  Collection  at  St. 

Petersburg. 

Royal  Asiatic  Society,  The  Publications  of  the  Society. 

Royal  Irish  Academy,  Ditto  ditto. 

M.  Guioth,  Histoire     Numismatique     de     la 

Revolution  Beige. 

D 


18 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 


C.  R.  Smith,  Esq. 
Dr.  Bernhard  Dorn, 

George  Grove,  Esq. 
A.  Durand,  Esq. 
John  R.  Smith,  Esq. 
C.  R.  Smith,  Esq. 

C.  Bose,  Esq. 

M.  Lambert. 

M.  Ignatius  Pietraszewski, 


M.  Combrouse,  Choix  de  Monnaies  et  de  Medailles 

des  Maisons  Royales  de  France. 

Collectanea  Antiqua,  Nos.  I.  to  VI. 

Bemerkungen  liber  die  Sassaniden 
Miinzen. 

Copper  Coin  from  Pompeii. 

Silver-gilt  Medal  of  Geo.  III. 

Specimen  of  Burmese  Tin  Money. 

Medal  of  the  British  Archaeological 
Association. 

Die  Miinze  der  Balearischen  Inseln. 

Numismatique  Gauloise  du  Nord- 

Numi  Muhamedani,  Fasciculus  I. 
The  Council  is  not  aware  of  the  occurrence  of  any  event  of  peculiar 
interest  to  Numismatic  Science  during  the  past  year ;  but,  from  the 
number  of  works  announced  as  recently  published,  or  in  the  course  of 
publication,  they  have  every  reason  to  infer  that  the  study  is  pursued 
in  this  country,  and  still  more  upon  the  continent,  with  unabated 
zeal  and  unimpaired  activity  ;  and  that  it  continues  to  engage  the  at- 
tention and  excite  the  exertion  of  vigorous  and  cultivated  minds. 

The  Council  advert,  with  pleasure,  to  the  prospect  of  a  Catalogue 
of  the  Coins  in  the  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford,  which  it  is  ex- 
pected will  shortly  be  published,  under  the  superintendence  of  the 
Rev.  Bulkeley  Bandinel,  D.D.,  librarian. 

The  Council  consider  it  advisable  to  propose  to  the  Meeting  the 
introduction  of  a  rule,  which  is  intended  to  obviate  what  may  be 
regarded  as  an  injustice  to  Members  joining  the  Society  late  in  the 
year,  who  have  hitherto  been  charged  with  the  subscription  for  the 
whole  year.  A  Subscriber  who  is  not  elected  till  the  first  meeting 
of  the  Society  in  the  season,  or  at  the  end  of  November,  has  but  a 
limited  opportunity  of  availing  himself  of  the  privileges  to  which  his 
election  entitles  him;  and  a  subscription  for  the  whole  of  that  year 
cannot  therefore  be  reasonably  expected  from  him.  It  is  therefore 
proposed  to  adopt  the  following  rule  : — 

"  Members  elected  subsequently  to  the  anniversary  meeting,  shall 
commence  their  subscription  from  the  first  of  January  following,  in 
advance,  as  usual,  for  the  succeeding  year." 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY,  19 

The  Council,  in  concluding  their  Report,  deem  it  incumbent  upon 
them  to  advert  to  the  delay  which  has  taken  place  in  the  issue  of  the 
last  Number  of  the  Journal,  and  to  state  that  it  has  occurred  partly 
from  insufficiency  of  materials,  partly  from  accidental  circumstances. 
They  have  every  reason  to  hope,  however,  that  the  usual  Numbers 
published  annually  will  yet  be  supplied  during  the  rest  of  the  year  to 
the  Members  of  the  Society ;  and  arrangements  have  been  made, 
with  a  view  to  determine  if  it  may  not  be  possible  to  secure  regu- 
larity for  the  future. 

The  Report  was  received,  and  ordered  to  be  printed. 

The  accounts  of  the  Society  for  the  past  year  not  having  yet  been 
audited,  in  consequence  of  the  Treasurer's  absence  from  England 
until  within  a  few  days  of  the  present  meeting,  James  C.  Jones,  Esq., 
and  John  Wilkinson,  Esq.,  were  appointed  auditors  for  this  purpose. 

The  following  Rule  was  proposed  to  the  meeting,  in  conformity 
with  the  recommendation  of  the  Council,  and  unanimously  carried. 

"  Members  elected  subsequently  to  the  anniversary  meeting  shall 
commence  their  subscriptions  from  the  1st  of  January  following, 
payable  in  advance  as  usual  for  the  succeeding  year." 

The  thanks  of  the  meeting  were  unanimously  voted  to  H.  W.  Dia- 
mond, Esq.,  the  Librarian,  for  his  skill  and  care  in  preparing  a 
catalogue  of  the  library. 

The  meeting  then  proceeded  to  ballot  for  the  election  of  officers 
and  council  for  the  ensuing  year ;  and  the  scrutineers  appointed  by 
the  meeting  having  announced  the  result  of  the  ballot,  the  following 
gentlemen  were  declared  duly  elected  as  Officers  and  Council : — 

President. 

HORACE  HAYMAN  WILSON,  ESQ.,  F.R.S.,  M.R.A.S.,  Boden  Professor 
of  Sanscrit,  Oxford. 

Vice  Presidents. 

THE  LORD  ALBERT  DENISON  CONYNGHAM,  F.S.A. 
JAMES  DODSLEY  CUFF,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

Treasurer. 
JOHN  BRODRIBB  BERGNE,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 


20  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE    NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY, 

Secretaries. 

JOHN  YONGB  AKERMAN,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
THE  REV.  HENRY  CHRISTMAS,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A. 

Foreign  Secretary. 
JOHN  YONGE  AKERMAN,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

Librarian. 
HUGH  WELCH  DIAMOND,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

Members  of  the  Council. 

CHARLES  FREDERICK  BARNWELL,  ESQ.,  F.R.S.,   F.S.A. 
SAMUEL  BIRCH,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
THOMAS  BROWN,  ESQ. 
JOHN  FIELD,  ESQ. 

COLONEL  CHARLES  RICHARD  Fox,  M.P. 
WILLIAM  DEBONAIRE  HAGGARD,  ESQ.,  F.S.A.,  F.R.A.S. 
EDWARD  HAWKINS,  ESQ.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  F.L  S. 
JOHN  LEE,  ESQ.,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  V.P.R.A.S. 
JAMES  COVE  JONES,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 
CHARLES  THOMAS  NEWTON,  ESQ.,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
WILLIAM  DEVONSHIRE  SAULL,  ESQ.,  F.S.A.,  F.G.S. 
CHARLES  ROACH  SMITH,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NUMISMATIC 
SOCIETY. 


SESSION    1845-6. 

NOVEMBER  27,  1845. 
PROFESSOR  WILSON,  PRESIDENT,  IN  THE  CHAIR. 

The  following  Presents,  received  during  the  Recess,  were  announced 
and  laid  upon  the  table  : — 

PRESENTED  BY 

A  view  of  the  Coinage  of  Scotland,  with  copious "] 
tables,    lists,  and  descriptions  ;    illustrated  I 
with  engravings  of  upwards  of  350  coins.  (THE  AuTHOR- 
By  John  Lindsay,  Esq.      Cork,  1845.  J 

Transactions    of  the    Royal   Irish    Academy.  1  „, 

TT-  i    OA         r>    77-       lo/ie  >  THE  ACADEMY. 

Vol.  20.     Dublin,  1845.  J 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society.    No.  16. )  ^ 

*  >  THE  SOCIETY. 

Part  1.  j 

Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  Associa- )  THE  CENTRAL  COM- 
tion.      No.  3.      1845.  J       MITTEE. 

Die  Typen  Romischer  Munzen.   (On  the  types  1  m 

CTS  •          x    -r.      T-k      T;--  i  r*        T       loir       >   THE  AUTHOR. 

of  Roman  coins.)  By  Dr.Kohne.  Berhn,lS45.  J 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  des  Antiquaires  de  Pi-  1 

cardie.  Tome  7,  avec  un  atlas  de  20  planches  J>  THE  SOCIETY. 
lithographiques.      Amiens  et  Paris,  1845.     J 

Bulletins  de  la  Societe  des  Antiquaires  de  Pi- 
cardie.  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  de  1'annee  1844  ; 
Nos.  1,  2,  de  1'annee  1845. 

Petit  Glossaire,  traduction  de  quelques  mots^j 

financiers,  esquisses  de    mceurs  administra-  I  ^HE  AUTHOR 
tives,  par  M.  Boucher  de  Perthes.     2  torn,  j 
Paris,  1835.  J 

Nouvelles,  par  M.  Boucher  de  Perthes.  Paris,  1 
1832.  J       " 

Romances,     Ballades,   et    Legendes,    par    M.  "1 
Boucher  de  Perthes.      Paris,  1830.  J       " 

Le  Marquise  de  Montalle.      Comedie  en  cinq  "1 

actes.     Pur  M.  Boucher  de  Perthes.    Paris,  \-      :,  ,, 

1820.  J 

B 


2  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

PRESENTED    BY 

Satires,    Contes,  et    Chansonettes.      Par  M. )  . 

Boucher  de  Perthes.     Paris,  1833.  j"  T 

Memoires  de   la    Societe   royal    d'emulation)  M.  DE  PKRTHES,  THE 

d'Abbeville.       1841,  2,  3.  J       PRESIDENT. 

Das  K.  K.  Miinz-   und  Antiken-  Kabinet  be-  "1 

schrieben  von  Joseph  Arneth.     (Description  I  THE  AuTHOR> 
of  the   Imperial  Cabinet  of  Coins  and  An-  C 
tiquities,  by  M.  Arneth.)   Vienna,  1845.        J 

Teodora  Ducaina  Paleologhina,  Piombo  unico  ^j 

inedito.  Illustraziorie  di  F.  Carrara.    Vienna,  \      ,,          ,, 
1840.  J 

Twelve  Swedish  Coins  PROFESSOR  HOLMBOE. 

Transactions  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  vol.xx.  THE  ACADEMY. 

Engravings  of  two  specimens  of  the  ancient"! 

ring  money,  found  in  the  bogs  of  the  South  \  ED.  HOARE,  ESQ. 
of  Ireland. 

A  Satirical  Medal  of  Pietro  Aretino.  w.  SHEPHERD,  ESQ. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  a  small  thin  silver  coin,  weighing 
three  grains,  recently  discovered  by  Mr.  Rolfe,  of  Sandwich,  with 
some  common  sceattas,  in  an  extensive  Anglo-Saxon  cemetery, 


which  has  been  cut  through  by  the  Ramsgate  and  Canterbury  Rail- 
way. This  curious  and  interesting  little  coin  adds  a  new  variety 
to  the  early  Anglo-Saxon  series,  and  is  a  link  in  the  numismatic 
chain  leading  from  the  Roman  to  the  Saxon  coins.  It  exhibits 
on  the  obverse  a  diademed  head,  to  the  left,  with  traces  of  letters, 
two  of  which  are  DN.  On  the  reverse  will  be  recognized  the 
seated  figure  so  common  upon  the  coins  of  the  lower  empire, 
with  a  portion  of  the  accompanying  inscription,  VICTO.  A. 
(  Victoria  Augustorum) .  Among  other  remarkable  objects  discovered 
by  Mr.  Rolfe  in  this  cemetery  are,  a  pair  of  scales,  with  weights  formed 
out  of  Roman  coins,  which,  Mr.  Smith  stated,  he  hoped  to  lay  before 
the  society  at  an  early  opportunity.  A  detailed  account  of  the  cir- 
cumstances under  which  the  above  discoveries  have  been  made  is 
published  in  the  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  Association, 
vol.  i.  p.  242. 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY.  »J 

The  Rev.  J.  Gunn  exhibited,  through  Mr.  C.  11.  Smith,  a  quantity 
of  Roman  coins,  chiefly  small  brass,  of  the  lower  empire,  found  at 
Caister,  and  at  Burgh  Castle,  near  Great  Yarmouth. 

Mr.  Pfister  exhibited — 

Denar.  of  Waiferius,  Lombard  Prince  of  Salerno,  A.D.  861 — 876. 

Gold  Florin  of  Giovanni  Bentivoglio,  Lord  of  Bologna,  struck 
1494  to  1506. 

Teston  of  Francis  II.,  Gonzaga,  Marquis  of  Mantua,  struck  1510 
— 1519.  The  inscription  on  the  reverse  of  this  fine  and 
rare  coin  is  taken  from  Psalm  cxxxix.  "  Domine,  probasti 
me  et  cognovisti  me"  The  field  represents  the  singular 
device  of  a  melting  pot  surrounded  by  flames,  out  of  which 
stand  forth  seven  bars  of  gold  (or  silver)  fastened  together. 

It  happened  in  the  year  1509  that  the  marquis  was  imprisoned 
by  the  Venetians,  on  suspicion  of  being  in  league  with  the  French 
against  them.  The  senate,  however,  convinced  of  his  innocence, 
acquitted  him,  June  12,  1510.  The  coin  was  struck  to  commemorate 
that  event. 


DECEMBER  18,  1845. 
Professor  WILSON,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Present  was  announced  : — 
Bulletin  de  la  Societe  des  Antiquaires  de  Pi-  )  „ 

T       ir,,  ~    XT       o  \  FROM  THE  SOCIETY. 

cardie,  184^,  No.  3.  J 

Mr.  Pfister  exhibited  a  silver  coin  of  Frederick,  king  of  Naples,  of 
the  house  of  Aragon,  1496—1501. 

Obv.—  Royal  crowned  bust,  in  profile,  to  the  right.  ^  FEDERICVS* 
DEI-  G-  REX-  SI-  HIERV-  (Fredericus  del  gratia  Rex 
Sicilice  Hierosolymce). 

Behind  the  king's  bust  the  letter  T  (which  he  believed  alludes  to  the 
name  of  the  mint  master,  Giovan  Carlo  Tramontane,  who  held 
the  same  office  under  the  former  king,  Ferdinand  II.*). 

The  reverse  of  this  scarce  coin  represents  a  book  in  flames. 
•I-RECEDANT-  VETERA.  Of  this  type  he  gave  the  following 
illustration. 

Shortly  after  King  Ferdinand  II.  had  returned  to  Naples,  and  had 
driven  out  the  troops  left  by  Charles  VIII.,  king  of  France,  he  occupied 

*  Fiasco,  sulle  monete  dette  Cinque,  page  9. 


4  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

himself  in  endeavouring  to  render  his  people  happy,  of  which  he  was 
well  capable,  from  the  kindness  of  his  heart  and  his  good  sense.  Death 
prevented  his  fulfilling  his  intention.  He  expired  September  7th, 
1496,  at  the  age  of  27,  after  a  reign  of  only  twenty  months  ;  and 
having  no  children,  he  left  Frederick,  his  uncle,  his  heir  and  suc- 
cessor to  the  throne  of  Naples. 

This  wise  prince  governed  with  justice  and  great  clemency.  He 
reconciled  himself  with  the  rebellious  barons,  not  alone  by  a  liberal 
pardon,  but  also  by  giving  them  back  their  confiscated  fiefs.  Previous 
to  these  acts  of  clemency,  a  book  was  one  day  presented  to  the  king, 
in  the  presence  of  several  of  his  ministers,  which  was  said  to  contain 
the  names  of  the  principal  part  of  the  men  of  note  charged  with 
having  conspired  against  the  government.  The  king  immediately 
ordered  a  fire  to  be  lighted  in  the  court-yard  of  the  palace,  and  in 
presence  of  them  all  committed  the  book  to  the  flames,  with  these 
words,  "  Let  the  past  be  forgotten ;"  and  to  that  event  the  type  of 
the  coin  alludes. 

Mr.  Pfister  at  the  same  time  begged  leave  to  address  himself  to  the 
members  of  the  Numismatic  Society,  for  information  whether  there  may 
perhaps  exist  a  medal  or  coin  the  type  of  which  may  refer  to  a  similar 
noble  action  of  William  TIL,  king  of  England  ;  namely,  his  reply  to 
Charnock  in  1696,  who  had  acted  as  the  medium  of  communication 
with  persons  in  France,  with  a  view  to  the  restoration  of  the  exiled 
family,  and  who  offered  to  disclose  to  the  king  the  names  of  those  who 
had  employed  him.  "  I  do  not  wish  to  hear  them,"  said  the  king;  and 
this  (observes  a  historian)  did  more  to  repress  discontents,  and  to 
soothe  the  violence  of  faction,  than  the  subsequent  executions  in  the 
reign  of  George  I.* 

Dr.  Lee  exhibited  three  medals,  brought  from  Geneva:  one  on  the 
establishment  of  the  Peace  Society,  one  on  the  erection  of  a  monu- 
ment to  Calvin,  and  one  with  a  bust  of  our  Saviour. 

Dr.  Lee  also  read  a  communication  from  Mr.  Drach,  of  10,  Castle 
Street,  Bevis  Marks,  containing  a  description  of  a  method  of  producing 
representations  of  coins  in  relief,  on  the  same  principle  as  stamps,  for  the 
purpose  of  illustrating  Numismatic  Books,  as  more  distinct  and  striking 


*  No  such  medal  is  known  to  exist. 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY,  5 

to  the  eye  than  engravings.  It  was  remarked,  that  in  Mr.  Lindsay's 
late  works,  he  had  endeavoured  to  obtain  the  same  object  of  greater 
distinctness,  by  the  use  of  colour  ;  the  field  of  the  plate  being  tinted, 
and  the  coin  left  white,  or  vice  versd. 

Mr.  Birch  made  some  observations  on  the  coins  of  Caulonia. 

Mr.  C.  Eoach  Smith  exhibited  a  number  of  coins,  forwarded  for 
the  inspection  of  the  society  by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq. ;  they  were 
obtained  by  Mr.  Wright  at  Paris,  where  they  had  been  taken  at  the 
barriers,  in  payment  of  duties,  by  the  officers  of  the  Octroi,  Besides 
several  liards  of  Henry  III.,  Henry  IV.,  and  Louis  XIII.,  and  manv 
coins  of  the  States  of  Germany,  there  were  among  them  five  Roman 
coins,  affording  a  remarkable  instance  of  money  of  remote  antiquity 
circulating  at  the  present  day. 


JANUARY  26,  1846. 

Professor  WILSON,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  an  unpublished  Sceatta,  found  at 
Bittern,  near  Southampton,  and  belonging  to  Mrs.  Stewart  Hall.* 


Obv. — A  Dragon  ? 

Rev. — Four  semi-circles  disposed  in  the  form  of  a  cross ;  a  small 
circle  in  the  centre. 

Mr.  Bergne  observed  that  from  the  cruciform  arrangement  of  the 
reverse,  it  is  obvious  that  this  coin  was  struck  after  the  introduction 
of  Christianity  into  Britain  ;  and  that  the  type  of  the  reverse  appears 
a  link  between  the  types  of  the  Sceattse  engraved  in  Ending,  pi.  26, 
Nos.  13  and  14,  and  those  of  the  pennies  of  Offa  (Hawkins,  Nos.  63 
and  64). 

Mr.  Pfister  exhibited  from  his  series  of  mediaeval  imperial  coins, 
those  of  the  Emperor  Frederick  II.,  1214 — 1250,  consisting  of 
twenty- one  different  specimens  in  gold  and  silver ;  the  two.  largest 
coins  in  gold  bearing  a  striking  resemblance  to  the  aureus  and  half- 
aureus  of  the  Roman  Emperors  of  the  third  century. 

*  The  wood-cut  has  been  supplied  by  the  British  Archaeological  Association. 


0  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

Also,  two  coins  struck  by  rivals  of  Frederick  II.  for  the  imperial 
throne.  One,  a  bracteate  coin  of  Henry  Raspo,  Count  of  Thu- 
ringia,  in  Saxony,  who  was  elected  Emperor  at  Wiirzburg,  in  1246, 
through  the  intrigues  of  Pope  Innocent  IV.  (Fieschi).  In  1248,  he 
was  mortally  wounded  at  the  Siege  of  Ulm,  arid  died  at  his  castle  of 
Wartburg,  near  Eisenach.  The  other,  a  Denar,  struck  at  Aix-la- 
Chapelle,  by  William,  Count  of  Holland,  who  was  elected  Emperor 
in  1248,  in  opposition  to  the  excommunicated  Frederick.  William 
lost  his  life  in  the  campaign  of  Friesland ; — his  horse  breaking  through 
the  ice,  he  was  slain  by  some  Frisian  peasants. 

Mr.  Pfister  exhibited  also  a  silver  medal  of  the  16th  century, 
representing  the  wife  of  a  patrician  of  Nuremburg.  From  the 
inscription  on  the  reverse  of  the  medal,  it  appears  that  it  was 
executed  to  commemorate  her  being  the  mother  of  no  less  than 
twenty  children.  The  lady  is  represented  at  the  age  of  sixty,  and 
the  execution  of  the  bust  is  such  as  would  do  no  discredit  even  to 
Albert  Durer. 

Mr.  Powell  communicated,  through  Mr.  Cuff,  a  paper  describing 
a  pair  of  dies  for  a  shilling  of  James  I.  with  the  Lis  mint  mark,  lately 
discovered  at  Fingal,  in  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  a  model  of 
which,  in  sulphur,  accompanied  the  communication.  The  surface  of 
the  dies  appears  to  be  in  much  better  preservation  than  is  usually  the 
case  in  the  few  specimens  of  ancient  dies  which  have  been  preserved 
to  our  time.  The  construction  is  peculiar.  The  reverse,  instead  of 
being  on  the  surface  of  the  lower  iron,  is  engraved  in  a  circle 
inscribed  within  a  square  which  is  sunk  considerably  below  the 
surface.  The  obverse  is  engraved  on  the  surface  of  the  upper  iron, 
which  slides  telescope-wise  into  the  cavity  of  the  lower  iron.  The 
object  of  this  arrangement  is  to  prevent  the  coin  from  shifting  under 
the  blows  of  the  hammer,  and  becoming  what  is  called  double  struck. 
These  dies  were  accidentally  discovered  in  a  blacksmith's  forge. 

The  Chairman  remarked  on  the  similarity  of  the  old  English  dies 
to  those  used  by  the  Indians,  the  Greeks,  and  the  Romans.  They 
were  frequently  too  large  for  the  piece  of  metal  placed  in  them,  so 
that  only  a  part  of  the  legends  appeared  upon  the  coin.  He  believed 
that,  until  the  invention  of  the  mill,  there  had  been  little  improve- 
ment or  change  in  the  mode  of  striking,  from  the  very  earliest  times. 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY.  7 

Signer  Carrara,  of  Dalmatia,  was  elected  an  Associate  of  the 
Society. 

Mr.  William  Webster  was  balloted  for,  and  elected  into  the  Society. 

Mr.  C.R.  Taylor  (elected  May  22,  1845)  was  admitted  a  Member 
of  the  Society. 


FEBRUARY  26,  1846. 
W.  D.  SAULL,  ESQ.,  in  the  Chair. 


The  following  Presents  were  announced  : — 


PRESENTED  BY 


Journal  of  the  British  Archseological  Association,  \  THE  CENTRAL  COM- 


NO.    4.     1846.  /         M1TTEE. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  No.  16,  Part  2.  THE  SOCIETY. 

Bulletins  de  L'Academie   Royale  des  Sciences  et  "1 

Belles  Lettres  de  Bruxelles/  Tome  XI.    Parties  I  THE  ACADEMY. 

I.  et  II.,  1844.  J 

Mr.  Pfister  exhibited  two  ecclesiastical  Medals  :  one  in  bronze,  of 
Melchior  Phinzing,  Provost  of  the  Abbey  of  St.  Alban,  near  Mayence, 
which  was  destroyed  by  the  French  towards  the  end  of  the  last 
century ;  the  other  in  silver,  of  Albert,  Margrave  of  Brandenburg, 
Archbishop  of  Mayence.  These  medals  are  of  the  best  period  of 
the  revival  of  art  in  Germany,  and  are  worthy  of  being  ranked  with 
similar  productions  of  Greek  and  Roman  skill. 

Mr.  Pfister  also  exhibited  a  Denar  of  Conrad,  Count  of  Hoch- 
stetten,  Archbishop  of  Cologne  from  1237  to  1261,  the  founder  of 
the  celebrated  Cathedral. 

Obv. — The  Archbishop,  bareheaded,  seated  on  his  episcopal  throne, 

holding  in  each  hand  a  flag;   possibly  denoting  his  temporal 

as  well  as  ecclesiastical  power.     CONRA  .  .  .  ELECT  (Elector). 

R. — A  Church  with  towers,   surrounded  by  a  wall.     SANCTA 

COLONIA. 

Conrad  crowned  Richard  Earl  of  Cornwall,  brother  to  King 
Henry  III.,  as  King  of  the  Romans,  at  Aix-la-Chapelle,  May 
28,  1257.  The  Archbishop  had  previously  visited  England,  and 
taken  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  Richard,  who  presented  him  with  a 
costly  mitre. 

Read,  a  list  of  175  Roman  coins,  discovered  in  the  year  1845  in  the 
Caldwells  or  Black  Grounds,  the  site  of  the  Roman  Station  of  Brinavis, 


y  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

in  the  parish  of  Chipping  Warden,  Northamptonshire  ;  now  in  the 
possession  of  the  Rev.  E.  G.  Walford,  and  Mr.  Painter.  The  list  was 
communicated  by  Mr.  Walford,  who  forwarded  some  of  the  coins  for 
the  inspection  of  the  Society.  The  list  comprised  coins  in  silver  of 
Trajan,  2  ;  Caracalla,  1  ;  Julia  Paula,  1  ;  R.  Concordia.  The  rest  were 
of  third  brass.  Among  them  were  three  of  Carausius,  and  one  of 
Quintillus;  the  bulk  being  of  the  Constantine  family,  and  not  remark- 
able either  for  type  or  preservation.  :o  ijtfafl4!  ,iM 

Read,  a  paper  by  Mr.  Charles  Dowse,  descriptive  of  a  specimen  of 
a  coin  designed  by  him,  with  a  view  to  supersede  the  use  of  in- 
conveniently large  coins  of  the  inferior  metals,  or  of  inconveniently 
small  coins  in  silver.  Mr.  Dowse  remarked  the  vast  disparity  in 
bulk  and  weight  between  the  same  value  of  coin  in  the  different  metals. 
If  a  sovereign  be  exchanged  for  silver,  the  quantity  of  the  latter 
metal  exceeds  the  gold  56  times  in  bulk,  and  37  times  in  weight. 
If  the  silver  be  exchanged  for  copper,  the  latter  will  exceed  the  gold 
4312  times  in  bulk,  and  2442  times  in  weight.  The  coin  designed 
by  Mr.  Dowse  for  the  purpose  of  remedying,  in  some  measure,  the 
inconvenient  bulk  of  our  copper  currency,  is  a  penny  composed  of  a 
small  silver  centre  piece,  bearing  on  the  obverse  the  head  of  the 
Queen,  and  on  the  reverse,  the  figure  1,  value  -J  of  a  penny,  set  in 
a  rim  or  outer  circle  of  copper,  value  ^  of  a  penny,  the  whole  being 
of  a  size  between  that  of  the  ordinary  copper  farthing  and  half- 
penny. The  invention,  therefore,  offers  a  coin  of  a  convenient  size, 
and  of  a  denomination  in  general  use  for  postage  and  other  purposes  ; 
while,  as  the  silver  centre  is  thinner  than  the  copper  circle  in  which 
it  is  set,  and  consequently  protected  from  abrasion,  it  would  be  well 
calculated  to  endure  circulation,  and  difficult  to  submit  to  the 
fraudulent  process  termed  "  sweating.  " 

Mr.  T,  Peter  Whelan  was  balloted  for,  and  elected  into  :  the, 
Society.  >o  9[qo»<; 


'•  ^feffohfiv  ,ft  btm 

ritiw  89ito9(ft  ffl  MARCH  26,  1846. 

JOHN  B.  BBRGNE,  ESQ.  Treasurer,  in  the  Chair. 
Mr.  Bland  exhibited  51  Roman  small  brass  coins,  found  in  plough- 
ing near  Great  Bookham,  in  Surrey.     They  were  chiefly  of  Gallienus, 
Salonina,  Tetricus,  and  Victor  in  us,  and  exhibited  no  new  type. 


NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY. 

Mr.  Pfister  exhibited  a  bronze  medal  of  Francis  I.,  king  of  France, 
by  Benvenuto  Cellini. 

Obv. — Bust  of  the  king  laureated,  and  in  armour,  holding  a  sceptre 
surmounted  by  a  lily.  FRANCISCVS  I.  FRANCORVM  REX. 

Rev. — The  king  on  horseback,  trampling  on  Fortune  ;  behind,  a 
rudder.  FORTVNAM  VIRTVTE  DEVICIT.  In  the  exergue 
BENVENVT.  F. 

Mr.  Pfister  observed  that  he  was  not  aware  of  more  than  two 
other  undoubtedly  genuine  specimens  of  this  rare  and  beautiful 
medal,  namely,  one  at  Florence,  and  another  at  Geneva.  There 
is  a  third  specimen  at  Paris,  which,  however,  Mr.  Pfister  does  not 
consider  to  be  the  genuine  work  of  Benvenuto  Cellini. 

Mr.  Birch  read  a  paper  on  the  coins  of  Caulonia  in  Magna 
Grecia. 

The  obverse  of  the  early  incuse  coins  of  Caulonia  represents  a 
naked  figure  with  long  hair,  falling  in  regularly  disposed  curls  on  the 
neck,  and  bound  by  a  fillet ;  the  left  hand  stretched  out,  and  holding 
a  small  figure  in  the  attitude  of  running ;  the  right  hand  elevated, 
and  brandishing  a  laurel  branch.  In  the  area  is  generally  a  deer;  to 
which,  in  some  specimens,  is  added  a  swan.  The  larger  figure  is 
constant  on  the  archaic  coins,  but  the  smaller  figure  is  sometimes 
omitted,  and  its  place  supplied  by  a  fillet  or  tunic  thrown  over  the  arm. 
The  same  general  type,  with  modifications  of  arrangement  and  varieties 
of  adjuncts,  continues  down  to  the  cessation  of  the  coinage  of  this 
town,  which  was  destroyed  prior  to  the  year  388  B.C. 

The  type  of  these  coins  has,  from  time  to  time,  engaged  the 
attention  of  the  most  celebrated  numismatists  on  the  continent ;  and 
an  elaborate  analysis  of  its  literary  history  has  been  given  by  M. 
Panofka,  in  the  Archaoloyische  Zeitung  for  October,  1843.  The 
larger  figure  has  been  variously  conjectured  to  represent  either 
Dionysus,  Apollo,  Hercules,  or  the  Crjfjof  or  people  of  Caulonia; 
and  the  adjuncts  of  the  type  have  of  course  been  as  variously  inter- 
preted, in  order  to  accommodate  them  to  the  different  theories  with 
regard  to  the  principal  figure.  After  recapitulating  the  ideas  of 
preceding  writers,  M.  Panofka  conjectures  that  the  larger  figure 
represents  a  colossal  statue  of  the  divinity  Apollo  Hylates,  who  was 


10  PROCEEDINGS     OF    THE 

reverenced  at  Magnesia,  and  was  connected  with  the  particular  cere- 
monies of  lustration  by  olive  branches  there  practised ;  and  that  the 
small  figure  represents  the  hero  and  founder  of  the  town  of  Caulonia, 
Caulos,  the  son  of  the  Amazon  Clita. 

Mr.  Birch  considers  this  conjecture  as  peculiarly  ingenious,  inas- 
much as  it  gives  the  myth  a  local  relation.  He,  however,  states  his 
reasons  for  preferring  a  different  interpretation ;  and  suggests  that  the 
figures  represent  Apollo  pursuing  the  young  Hermes,  after  the 
theft  committed  by  him  upon  Apollo,  while  the  latter  was  absent 
from  the  castle  of  Admetus  with  Hymenseus. 

The  paper  is  published  in  full  in  the  Numismatic  Chronicle,  No. 
XXX.  page  163. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  casts  of  two  sceattse,  discovered  at 
York,  which  had  been  sent  to  the  British  ArchaBological  Association 
by  Mr.  Bateman,  jun.,  of  Youlgrave,  Derbyshire. 

The  one  resembles  fig.  8,  pi.  26,  of  Ruding.  The  other,  of  which 
a  representation  is  here  given,  exhibits  on  the  obverse  what  appears 


to  be  a  barbarous  copy  of  the  full-faced  figures  on  the  Byzantine 
coins ;  on  either  side  is  a  cross.  The  reverse  resembles  that  of  fig. 
26,  pi.  2,  of  Ruding,  which,  it  will  be  observed,  is  a  very  rare  variety 
of  sceatta.  What  renders  this  coin  the  more  remarkable,  is  the 
alleged  fact  of  its  being  in  gold.  Mr.  Smith  observed,  that  though 
there  seemed  every  reason  to  believe  this  assertion,  it  would  of 
course  be  necessary  to  verify  it  by  an  inspection  of  the  coin  itself. 


APRIL  23,  1846. 

PROFESSOR  WILSON,  President,  in  the  Chair. 
The  following  Present  was  announced  : — 


PRESENTED  BY 


Annuaire  de  1' Academic  Royale  des  Sciences  et  "1 
Belles  Lettres  de  Bruxelles,  llme  Annee        / 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY. 


11 


Read,  a  paper  by  Lieutenant  Alexander  Cunningham,  in  which  he 
seeks  to  explain  some  of  the  monograms  found  upon  the  Grecian 
coins  of  Ariana  and  India.  After  reciting  the  unsuccessful  attempts 
of  various  numismatic  writers  to  explain  the  monograms  found  on 
Greek  coins,  and  the  abandonment,  on  the  part  of  others,  of  all 
endeavours  to  arrive  at  their  signification,  he  confutes  the  notion  put 
forth  by  Bayer,  in  his  Historia  Rcgni  Grcecorum  Bactriani,  that  the 
monograms  were  intended  to  record  a  date ;  and  states  his  reasons  for 
considering  them  to  refer  for  the  most  part  to  the  mints,  or  towns 
where  the  coins  were  struck.  An  extensive  table  of  monograms  is 
annexed  to  the  paper,  many  of  which  are  illustrated  and  explained  at 
length.  Lieutenant  Cunningham's  essay  is  published,  with  a  plate  of 
the  monograms,  in  No.  XXXI.  of  the  Numismatic  Chronicle. 

The  President  communicated  the  substance  of  a  paper  received 
from  Mr.  Thomas,  on  the  subject  of  the  Coins  of  the  Kings  of  Delhi. 

;oT 

_  -  qDl  K 

MAY  26,  1846. 

JOHN  B.  BBRGNB,  ESQ.  Treasurer,  in  the  Chair. 
The  following  Present  was  announced  : — 

VHKSKNTED    BY 

Histoire  Numismaticme  de  la  Revolution  Beige,  ) 
par  M.  Guioth,  Livraisons  3,  4,  9,  10.  j 

Mr.  Pfister  exhibited — 

1. — A  Denar  of  Otho  V.  (suruamed  the  Great),  Duke  of  Bavaria, 
1180—1183. 

•J 


woll- 


I-  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

On  the  obverse  of  this  rare  and  interesting  coin,  is  represented  the 
Emperor  Frederick  Barbarossa,  crowned  and  seated,  having  his  right 
hand  placed  on  his  breast,  and  holding  in  his  left  a  sceptre  surmount- 
ed by  a  lily.  Near  the  emperor,  to  the  right,  stands  the  figure  of 
Otho  of  Wittelsbach  in  the  office  of  standard-bearer  (signifer)  to 
the  emperor  on  great  solemnities,  holding  a  sword. 

The  reverse  shews  a  warrior  in  helmet  and  coat  of  mail,  armed 
with  a  sword  and  a  kite-shaped  shield,  chasing  a  lion.  The  lion  is 
intended  to  represent  Henry  the  lion,  duke  of  Brunswick  and  Saxony, 
and  also  lord  of  Bavaria,  who  was  outlawed  and  banished  by  the 
Emperor  Frederick,  in  1180.  He  fled  to  England,  where  he  was 
well  received  by  King  Henry  II.,  who  gave  him  his  daughter  Matilda 
in  marriage.  From  this  marriage,  the  present  royal  house  of  Great 
Britain  traces  its  descent.  After  the  flight  of  Henry  of  Brunswick, 
Otho  of  Wittelsbach  was  created  duke  of  Bavaria,  by  the  emperor, 
in  acknowledgment  of  important  services  rendered  in  Italy.  This 
event  has  been  lately  commemorated  by  a  fresco  painting  in  the 
Hofgarten  at  Munich. 

The  fabric  of  the  coin  is  remarkable,  as  indicating  a  transition  from 
the  bracteate  to  the  usual  hammered  coins  of  Europe  during  the  mid- 
dle ages  ;  and  its  characteristic  type  exhibits  an  attempt  to  hand  down 
to  posterity,  after  the  manner  of  classical  times,  the  memory  of  impor- 
tant historical  facts,  by  means  of  commemorative  devices  on  the  cur- 
rent money. 

2,  rA  fine  bronze  medal    and  two    bas    reliefs,   by  the  eminent 
Italian  artist  Valerio  Belli  (Valerio  Vicentino),  1478  — 1546,  bear- 
ing his  name  VALERIVS  VICENTINVS  F. 

3.  A  fine  Venetian  medal  in  silver,  by  an  unknown  artist. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  several  coins  of  the  Emperor  Ca- 
rausius,  in  third  brass,  which  had  been  lately  discovered  near  Rouen, 
and  had  passed  into  the  possession  of  Mr,  Joseph  Curt,  who  had 
kindly  permitted  them  to  be  laid  before  the  Society.  The  portraits 
on  them  all  differed  considerably  from  that  ordinarily  found  on  the 
coins  of  this  emperor,  being  more  in  the  style  of  the  coins  of 
Maximianus,  and  of  preceding  emperors. 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY. 

The  following  coin  offers  a  new  legend.  nQ 

Obv.— IMP.  C.  CARAVSIVS  AVG.     Head  of  Carausius  to  the 
right,  with  radiated  crown. 

Rev.— EGVITAS  (sic}  MVNDI.  A  woman  standing,  holding 
scales  in  her  right  hand,  and  a  cornucopise  in  her  left. 

Mr.  Smith  stated,  that  having  mentioned  the  type  of  this  coin  to 
Mr.  Rolfe,  of  Sandwich,  the  latter  was  led  to  examine  the  numerous 
coins  of  Carausius  in  his  possession,  and  discovered  among  them 
another  specimen  of  the  same  legend,  which  on  comparison  appears 
to  be  from  the  same  die. 

A  specimen  of  the  quarter  florin  of  Edward  III.,  stated  to  have 
been  lately  found  in  a  miscellaneous  lot  in  the  shop  of  a  dealer  in  old 
gold  and  silver,  was  also  exhibited  by  Mr.  Smith. 

Obv.—  EDWR.  R.  ANGL.  Z  FRANC.  D'HIB. 

tf^.—EXALTABITAR  (sic)  IN  GLORIA.     Type  as  in   Rud- 
ing,  Plate  1,  No.  1,  of  gold  coins. 

It  is  remarkable  that  the  specimen  of  this  coin,  of  which  only  two 
or  three  are  known,  engraved  in  Ruding,  if  correctly  represented  in 
the  plate  referred  to,  also  contains  a  blunder  in  the  legend  of  the 
reverse,  which  reads  EXADTABITVR. 

Read,  a  list  of  Roman  coins  found  near  Castor,  at  various  times 
from  1820  to  1836,  but  chiefly  from  April  to  October  1844,  during 
the  construction  of  the  Blisworth  and  Peterborough  railway.  They 
comprise  specimens  in  first,  second,  and  third  brass,  and  in  billon, 
from  Nero  to  Arcadius.  The  following  are  the  only  remarkable 
ones. 

ANTONINUS  Pius.     Rev.—lVKONI  SISPITAE.     M.  1. 

FAUSTINA  SEN.  Rev.— AVGVSTA.  JE.  1.  This  coin  is  re- 
markable, as,  although  it  has  an  incuse  reverse,  the  tvpe  is 
complete. 

CARAUSIUS.  Rev.—  .  .  .  G  II  PARTH.  M.  3.  A  centaur 
marching  to  the  left,  in  his  right  hand  a  rudder ;  in  his  left, 
a  wreath. 

CARAUSIUS.     A  billon  coin  with  Rev.— PAX  AVGGG. 


14  PROCEEDIXGS  OF  THE 

A  coin  of  William  I,  or  II.  of  the  Pax  type  (Hawkins,  No.  241) 
was  exhibited. 

0^-PILLELMREXII. 

Rev.—  SIMIER  ON  CNTI.  (Canterbury).  The  portrait  on 
this  coin  is  fuller  and  shorter  than  in  the  type  referred  to, 
and  more  like  that  on  the  type  No!  246,  The  reading 
of  the  obverse  differs  from  that  generally  occurring1  on  the 
coins  of  this  type,  by  the  addition  of  the  two  strokes  after 
REX,  which,  however,  cannot  be  considered  as  numerals,  but 
either  as  the  commencement  of  the  word  ANGLO  RVM,  or 
as  having  no  meaning,  and  added  merely  to  fill  up  the 
space  in  the  legend. 

Mr.  Tovey  and  Mr.  Wilkinson  were  appointed  auditors  of  the 
accounts  of  the  Society  for  the  session  1845-6. 

Mr.  F.  W.  Fairholt  (elected  June  19th,  1845),  was  admitted  a 
member  of  the  Society. 


iiu\.  --  G  —  ) 

i>na  nobriod  te  bsflailduq  ,no  -,  SIS  I  fli 

ANNUAL  MEETING. 
;  1&8I  m  foeiifaildcrq.flustiiH  & 

JULY  9,   1846. 

tvl«fi    ti;     „        »   awfr.L  .  . 

PROFESSOR  WILSON,  President,  in  the  chair. 

81857     (flBOJ    lOt    iiiui    05: 

THE  Report  of  the  Council  was  read,  as  follows  :— 

ctsdw 

The  Council  of  the  Numismatic  Society,  at  this  its  ninth  Anniver- 
sary, have  to  submit  the  following  Report  of  its  proceedings  and  pro- 
gress during  the  past  year. 

The  Society  has  lost  by  death,  since  the  last  Annual  Meeting,  one 
member,  Mr.  Bradfield  of  Winchester  ;  and  one  foreign  associate, 
Mr.  Millingen  of  Florence.  Mr.  Bradfield  was  a  zealous  local 
antiquary,  and  a  lover  of  archaeological  pursuits  generally,  though  not 
known  to  be  a  collector  of  coins  as  a  specific  branch  of  study. 

The  name  of  James  Millingen  must  be  familiar  to  every  member  of 


NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY.  15 

the  Numismatic  Society.  He  was  born  in  this  country  of  foreign 
parents,  and  was  educated  at  Westminster.  His  father,  who  had 
himself  been  a  merchant  in  Batavia,  destined  him  for  commercial 
pursuits  :  but  the  bias  of  his  mind  from  childhood  was  towards  the 
study  of  archaeology ;  and  this  bias  was  strengthened  by  the  oppor- 
tunities which  he  enjoyed  in  his  youth,  of  unrestricted  access  to  the 
valuable  collections  of  Mr.  Towneley  and  Mr.  Cracherode.  After  a 
time  he  relinquished  the  occupation  which  had  been  assigned  him  by 
his  friends,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  more  congenial  pursuit  of  the 
investigation  and  illustration  of  the  works  of  ancient  art,  and  in  par- 
ticular of  the  fictile  vases  of  antiquity,  and  of  Greek  coins.  Though 
a  most  acute  and  discriminating  writer  on  numismatic  science,  his 
works,  devoted  specifically  to  that  branch  of  archaeology,  are  not  of 
great  extent.  Their  interest  and  value,  however,  are  such  as  to  place 
them  in  the  first  rank  of  numismatic  writings,  and  to  make  it  a  sub- 
ject of  regret  that  he  did  not  undertake  some  more  extensive  and 
systematic  work  on  Greek  coins.  His  numismatic  works  consist 
chiefly  of — A  Description  of  certain  Greek  Coins,  published  at  Rome, 
in  181.2  ; — a  Medallic  History  of  Napoleon,  published  at  London  and 
Paris,  in  1819,  with  a  Supplement  added  in  1821;  A  Description 
of  Unedited  Coins  in  Collections  in  Great  Britain,  published  in  1831 ; 
A  Sylloge  of  Unedited  Coins  of  Greek  Cities  and  Kings,  published  in 
1837;  and  Considerations  on  the  Numismatics  of  Ancient  Italy, 
published  at  Florence,  in  1841.  Mr.  Millingen  had  for  many  years 
past  resided  at  Florence,  and  died  there  last  summer,  at  the  time 
when  he  was  meditating  a  journey  to  England. 

The  number  of  resignations  and  secessions  during  the  past 
year,  is  eight ;  and  the  two  following  members  have  been 
elected : — 

Mr.  William  Webster. 
Mr.T.  P.  Whelan. 

Signor  Francesco  Carrara,  of  Dalmatia,  has  been  elected  a  Foreign 
Associate. 


16  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE    NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY. 

The  numerical  state  of  the  Society  is  as  follows  :  — 

Original.      Elected.     Honorary.  Associates.     Total. 


memueis    I 

June,  1845) 

55 

75 

1              46 

177 

Since  elected 

•  — 

2 

1 

3 

55 

77 

1              47 

180 

Deceased 

— 

1 

1 

2 

Resigned  or  withdrawn 

3 

5 

—             — 

8 

Present  number        52  71  1  46  170 

Annexed  is  a  statement  of  the  finances  of  the  Society,  prepared  by 
the  Treasurer,  and  audited  by  Mr.  Wilkinson,  one  of  the  Auditors 
appointed  for  that  purpose  at  the  last  meeting  ;  the  other  Auditor, 
Mr.  Tovey,  having  been  prevented  from  attending  by  indisposition. 


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C-H^00°0*J00—  '0000 

H          HH      H      HH      HHHH 


18  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

The  Council  would  again  respectfully  point  out  to  those  Members 
who  reside  in  the  country,  how  much  they  may  assist  the  officers  of 
the  society,  by  the  punctual  remittance  of  their  annual  contributions 
to  the  Treasurer.  The  Council  are  anxious  to  avoid  the  accumula- 
tion of  arrears  ;  but  without  the  co-operation  of  the  members  at  large, 
it  will  not  be  possible  for  them  to  do  so,  whatever  diligence  may  be 
used  in  collecting. 

It  is  with  pleasure  that  the  Council  state  that  some  progress  has 
been  made  towards  reducing  the  arrear  in  the  issue  of  the  Numisma- 
tic Chronicle,  to  which  allusion  was  made  in  their  last  year's  report. 
Four  numbers  have  appeared  since  the  last  anniversary.  The  council 
are  given  to  understand  that  a  fifth  will  very  shortly  be  published; 
and  they  trust  that  five  numbers  will  again  be  given  in  the  course  of 
the  ensuing  year,  so  as  to  complete  all  that  will  be  due  to  the 
subscribers. 

The  following  papers  have  been  read  at  the  meetings  of  the 
society. 

An  account  of  Roman  Coins  discovered  in  1844,  on  the  site  of 
the  Roman  Station  of  Brenavis,  in  the  parish  of  Chipping  Warden, 
Northamptonshire,  by  the  Rev.  E.  Gibbs  Walford. 

Ai}  account  of  a  pair  of  dies  for  a  shilling  of  James  I,  recently  dis- 
covered at  Fingal,  in  Yorkshire,  by  Mr.  Powell. 

A  paper  by  Mr.  Charles  Dowse,  descriptive  of  a  coin  designed  by 
him,  and  intended  to  supersede  the  use  of  inconveniently  large  copper 
or  small  silver  coins. 

A  paper  by  Mr.  Birch,  on  the  Coins  of  Caulonia. 
£    A  paper  by  lieutenant  Alexander  Cunningham,  entitled,  An  Attempt 
to  explain  some  of  the  Monograms  found  upon  the  Grecian  Coins  of 
Ariana  and  India. 

Various  communications  from  Mr.  Pfister,  illustrative  of  rare 
Italian  and  German  mediaeval  coins  and  medals  in  his  collection. 


NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY. 


19 


The  Society  is  indebted  to  its  Members  and  Friends  for  the  follow- 
ing donations. 

the  Publications  of  the  Society. 
Ditto  ditto. 


The  Royal  Irish  Academy, 

The  Royal  Asiatic  Society, 

The  British  Archselogical  Associ- 
ation, 

The  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences 
and  Belles  Lettres  of  Brussels, 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
Picardy, 

The  Royal  Society  of  Emulation 
of  Abbeville, 

Mr.  Lindsay, 

Dr.  Kbhne, 

M-  Boucher  de  Perthes, 
M.  Guioth, 

Professor  Arneth, 


Professor  Hohnboe, 
Mr.  Hoare, 


Mr.  W.  Shepherd, 


Ditto 


Ditto 


Ditto 


Ditto 


ditto. 


ditto. 


ditto. 


ditto. 

His  work,  entitled  "  A  View  of  the 
Coinage  of  Scotland." 

An  Essay  on  the  Types  of  Roman 
coins. 

His  various  publications. 

Numismatic  History  of  the  Bel- 
gian Revolution. 

Description  of  the  Imperial  Cabi- 
net of  Coins  and  Antiquities  at 
Vienna. 

Twelve  Swedish  coins. 

Prints  of  two  specimens  of  gold 
ring  money,  found  in  bogs  in 
the  South  of  Ireland. 

A  satirical  medal  of  Pietro  Aretino. 


Before  concluding  their  report,  the  Council  would  notice  some  Nu- 
mismatic Works  which  have  appeared  in  this  country  within  the  last 
twelve  months. 

Mr.  Lindsay's  View  of  the  Coinage  of  Scotland  is  a  work  of  much 
utility  and  value.  The  learned  author  has  devoted  great  industry 
and  patience  to  the  collection  of  materials  from  the  various  public  and 
private  cabinets  in  the  United  Kingdom,  and  has  displayed  much 


20  PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

judgment  and  acumen  in  the  deductions  which  he  has  drawn  from 
them.  The  work  will  doubtless  supersede  the  prior  publications  of 
Snelling  and  Cardonnel.  The  former,  like  every  thing  published  by 
Snelling,  shews  throughout  the  practical  numismatist,  but  is  imper- 
fect and  unsatisfactory,  in  consequence  of  the  small  share  of  attention 
which  had  been  in  his  time  devoted  to  the  subject  of  Scottish  coins. 
The  plates  in  Cardonnel's  book  are  so  wretchedly  done,  that  they 
are  rather  caricatures  than  representations  of  the  coins.  The  draw- 
ings for  the  numerous  plates  which  illustrate  Mr.  Lindsay's  work, 
were  made  either  from  the  coins  themselves,  or  from  casts  commu- 
nicated by  his  friends;  and  their  accuracy  may  be  relied  upon. 

Mr.  Haigh  of  Leeds  has  published  an  essay  on  the  numismatic 
history  of  the  kingdom  of  the  East  Angles,  illustrated  by  five  plates 
containing  most  accurate  and  beautifully  engraved  representations 
(from  his  own  drawings),  of  nearly  sixty  rare  and  unpublished  coins. 
Every  person  conversant  with  Anglo-Saxon  coins  is  aware  of  the  pe- 
culiar difficulty  and  uncertainty  which  exist  as  to  the  appropriation 
and  chronology  of  many  of  the  coins  presumed  to  belong  to  the  East 
Anglian  series.  Mr.  Haigh,  in  discussing  this  doubtful  portion  of 
our  numismatic  history,  and  in  bringing  together  a  larger  number  of 
specimens  than  have  ever  before  been  presented  at  one  view,  has  ren- 
dered good  service  to  the  study,  and  has  furnished  important 
materials  and  data  for  the  researches  of  others.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  tract  may  have  a  circulation  sufficiently  extensive, 
to  induce  Mr.  Haigh  to  go  on  with  the  publication  of  his  remarks  on 
the  other  branches  of  tke  Anglo-Saxon  series,  for  which  he  has  long 
been  collecting  materials. 

Mr.  Akerman,  one  of  our  Honorary  Secretaries,  has  lately  com- 
pleted a  volume,  the  first  of  a  series  intended  to  comprise  an  account 
of  the  coins  of  the  ancient  world,  on  the  basis  of  the  plan  proposed 
by  Pellerin,  and  matured  by  Eckhel  in  his  Doctrina  Numorum  Veterum. 
The  volume  in  question  includes  the  coins  of  Hispania,  Gallia,  and 
Britannia ;  and  will  be  followed  by  a  volume  on  the  coins  of  Italy  and 
Sicily.  It  contains  descriptions  of  very  many  coins  hitherto  unpub- 
lished, and  is  illustrated  by  twenty-four  plates,  comprising  upwards 
of  320  specimens. 


NUMISMATIC     SOCIETY.  21 

The  Council  cannot  refrain  from  mentioning  on  the  present  occa- 
sion, that  the  Prix  de  Numismatique  has  recently  been  awarded  to  Mr. 
Akerman  by  the  French  Institute,  for  the  new  edition  of  his  work  on 
the  Coins  of  the  Romans  relating  to  Britain ;  feeling  assured  that  the 
members  of  the  Society  will  regard  this  honourable  tribute  of  appro- 
bation conferred  upon  one  of  their  officers,  as  a  subject  for  just  con- 
gratulation to  themselves,  as  well  as  to  Mr.  Akerman  himself. 

The  Report  was  received,  and  ordered  to  be  printed. 

The  Meeting  then  proceeded  to  ballot  for  the  election  of  Officers 
and  Council  for  the  ensuing  year  ;  and  the  Scrutineers  appointed  by 
the  meeting  having  reported  the  result,  the  following  gentlemen  were 
declared  duly  elected : — 

President. 

HORACE  HAYMAN  WILSON,  ESQ.,  F.R.S.,  M.R.A.S.,  Boden  Pro- 
fessor of  Sanscrit,  Oxford. 

Vice  Presidents. 

THE  LORD  ALBERT  DENISON  CONYNGHAM,  F.S.A. 
JAMES  DODSLEY  CUFF,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

Treasurer. 
JOHN  BRODRIBB  BERGNE,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

Secretaries. 

THE  REV.  HENRY  CHRISTMAS,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A. 
JAMES  COVE  JONES,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

Foreign  Secretary. 
JOHN  YONGE  AKERMAN,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

Librarian. 
HUGH  WELCH  DIAMOND,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 


22  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE    NUMISMATIC    SOCIETY. 

Members  of  the  Council. 

SAMUEL  BIRCH,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

THOMAS  BROWN,  ESQ. 

JOHN  BRUMELL,  ESQ. 

FREDERICK  W.  FAIRHOLT,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

JOHN  FIELD,  ESQ. 

WILLIAM  DEBONAIRE  HAGGARD,  ESQ.,  F.S.A.,  F.R.A.S. 

EDWARD  HAWKINS,  ESQ.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  F.L.S. 

WALTER  HAWKINS,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

JOHN  LEE,  ESQ.,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  V.P.R.A.S. 

CHARLES  ROACH  SMITH,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 

HENRY  LAYCOCKE  TOVEY,  ESQ. 

WILLIAM  SANDYS  WRIGHT  VAUX,  ESQ.,  F.S.A. 


J.  Wertheimer  and  Co.,  Printers,  Finsbury  Circus,  London. 


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