THE
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,
JOURNAL OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.)
EDITED BY
JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,
FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON.
AND
W. S. W. VAUX, M.A., F.S.A.
VOL. XX.
Al'RH,, 1857. JANUARY, 1868.
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sr- v,\V,
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Factum abiit monumenta manent Ov. Fatt.
LONDOxN:
JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 30, SOHO SQUARE.
SOLD ALSO BY M. ROLL1N, RUE VIVIENNE, NO. 12, PARIS.
X.DCCC.LIX.
I
N
V.2O
641178
LONDON :
PRINTED BY WEKTHE1MER AND CO
F1N8DOBT CIBCrS.
TO
JOHN FREDERICK WILLIAM DE SALIS, ESQ.
OF
HILLINGDON PLACE, IN THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,
THIS,
OUR TWENTIETH VOLUME,
IS
INSCRIBED.
CONTENTS.
ANCIENT NUMISMATICS .
Page
On a Gold Coin of Epaticcus. By John Evans, F.S.A. .- ]
Tetradrachm of Alexander. By L. Miiller ... 39
On a Barbarous Coin or Amulet of Helena, the Mother of
Constantine. By John Evans, F.S.A. ... 43
On some Coins of Tasciovanus, with the Legend " VER
BOD." By John Evans, F.S.A 57
On some Roman Coins discovered in a Hypocaust at
Wroxeter. By C. Roach Smith, F.S.A. . -..> 79
On the Coins found upon and near the Site of Ancient
Verulam. By John Evans, F.S.A. . . ... .101
Le Mancus des Anglo-Saxons . By Prof. Holmboe . 1 49
Remarkable Coin of Seuthes I. By Samuel Birch, F.S.A. 151
On some Rare and Unpublished Ancient British Coins.
By John Evans, F.S.A. 157
MEDIEVAL AND MODERN NUMISMATICS.
Shilling of Edward VI. By John Evans, F.S.A. . . 22
Notices of Six Plates of Tokens of the Seventeenth
Century, having reference to London and Southwark.
By William Boyne, F.S.A. . . 17G'
Unique Gold Coins of Edward VI. By R. M. Murchiton 187
CONTENTS.
ORIENTAL NUMISMATICS.
Pago
On Coins discovered by W. K. Loftus, Esq., at Susa. By
W. S. W. Vaux, F.S.A 25
On aome Coins of Characene, brought from Baghdad, by
Dr. Hyslop. By W. S. W. Vaux, F.S.A. . . 32
Coins of Seistan. By W. S. Vaux, F.S.A. . .49
On Coins of Marathus, and of Kamnaskires and Anzaze.
By W. S. W. Vaux, F.S.A. . . . . . 84
MISCELLANEA.
Recent Finds in Scotland < . ... . . '; 192
American Coins Extracted from the American " Historical
Magazine" . ... " . , . . ' * 66
Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and
Pala?ographic. By the late James Prinsep, F.R.S. . 142
Recherches sur la Numismatique Judaique. By F. De
Saulcy . . . ' .'.-. . . vii-,;: 8
CORRESPONDENCE Discovery of Roman Gold Coins and
Torques at Lengrich; a Letter from Dr. Bell, Phil. D.,
to W. S. W. Vaux, F.S A. . . . ., . 189
NOTICE ....... 191
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY.
SESSION 185556.
NOVEMBER, 29, 1855.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The following Presents, received during the recess, were an-
nounced, and laid upon the table :
Bulletin de 1'Academie Royale des Sciences,
des Lettres, et des Beaux Arts de Belgique.
Part II, for 1854, completing Vol. XXI,
and Part I, of Vol. XXII. 1855. 8vo.
Brussels, 1854 5.
Annuaire de 1'Academie Royale, &c., &c., )
Belgique, 12mo. pp. 276. Brussels, 1855. )
Bibliographic Academique ou Liste des ouv-
rages public's par les Membres correspon-
dants, et Associ^s residents de 1'Academie
Royale de Belgique. 12mo. pp. 254. Brus-
sels, 1855.
Antiquarisks Tidskrift utgivet af det kongelige
Nordiske Oldskrift-Selskab. (Antiquarian
Journal, published by the Royal Northern
Antiquarian Society) 1 849 1851. 8vo. pp.
348, and 3 plates, Copenhagen, 1 852.
Ditto for 18521854. 8vo. pp. 320, wood-
cuts, Copenhagen, 1854.
PRESENTED BY
THE ACADEMY.
DITTO.
DITTO.
THE SOCIETY.
DITTO
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Mdmoires de la Societe" Royale des Anti-
quaires du Nord, 18481849. Svo.pp. 438,
and 5 plates, Copenhagen, 1852.
Nordboernes Forbindelser med Oesten i det
niende og noermest fdlgende Aarhundreder
(The relations of the Northmen with the
East in the ninth and immediately following
centuries). By Carl Christian Rafn. 8vo.
pp. 8. Copenhagen, 1854.
Discovery of America by the Northmen, (In
English, Danish, and French). 8vo. pp. 4.
Copenhagen.
Saga jatvardar Konungs Hins Helga, udgiven
efter Islandske Oldboger af det kongelige
Nordiske Oldskreft-Selskab. (The Jatvard
Saga of the holy king Hins, published from
Icelandic MSS., by the Royal Northern
Antiquarian Society). 8vo. p. 43, and a
plate of facsimile. Copenhagen, 1852.
Me" moires de la Societe 1 Arche"ologique de 1*
Orle"anois. Tome III., royal 8vo., pp. 356,
Orleans, Chartres, and Paris, 1855.
Bulletin de la Socie'te' Arch<k>logique de 1'
Orle"anois. Nos. 15 to 20, royal 8vo. Or-
leans, 1853 to 1855.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Vol. XV.
Part II. 8vo. plates and wood-cuts. Lon-
don, 1855.
PRESENTED BY
THE SOCIETY.
DITTO.
DITTO.
DITTO.
DITTO.
DITTO.
DITTO.
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of )
Scotland. Vol. I. Part III., completing f
the volume. Small 4to., many wood-cuts, f
Edinburgh, 1855. )
Journal of the Photographic Society, to No.
36. November, 1855. Royal. 8vo. Lon- \ DITTO.
don.
Revue Numismatique Beige. Vol. IV. Parts
8 and 4. Vol. V. Parts 1 , 2, and 3. Royal I- THB EDITOR.
8vo. with many plates. Brussels, 18545.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
3
PRESENTED BY
Jahrbiicher des Vereins von Altesthumsfreun- j
den im Rheinlande. (Annual of the Society /
of Antiquaries of the Rhine). No. XXII. > THE SOCIETY.
8vo. pp. 168, and 2 Lithographic plates. I
Bonn, 1855.
Ch. M. Frsehnii nova supplementa ad recensio- N
nem numorum Muhammedanorum Acade-
miae Imp. Scient. Petropolitanae additaruentis
Editoris aucta, subjunctis ejusdem de Frsehnii
vita operibus impressis et Bibliotheca rela-
tionibus. Edidit Bernh. Dorn Musei Asiatic!
Director. Royal 8vo. pp. 451. Petersburg,
1855.
Du. DOKN.
Lettre dM.de Longperier sur les Moutons
d'or frappes en Normandie par le Roi
d'Angleterre Henri V. Par M. B. le Car-
pentier. Royal 8vo. pp. 15 and a plate.
Blois, 1855.
Descriptive Notice of the Drawings, Tracings,
Models, and Miscellaneous publications of
the Arundel Society, exhibited November,
1855, in the Crystal Palace, Sydenham.
12mo. pp. 46, many wood-cuts. London,
1855.
Catalogue of select examples of Ivory Carvings
from the Second to the Sixteenth Century,
preserved in various public and private col-
lections in England and other Countries.
By Edmund Oldfield. 4to. pp. 28. London,
1855.
Descriptive Catalogue of London Traders'
Tavern and Coffee-House Tokens in the
Corporation Library, Guildhall, formerly
collected for Mr. Beaufoy. By Jacob Henry
Burn. 2nd Edition, 8vo. pp. 287. Portrait
and Plates. London, 1855.
History of the Art of Pottery in Liverpool.
By Joseph Mayer, Esq., F.S.A. 12mo. pp.
37, many wood-cuts. Liverpool, 1855.
TUB AUTHOR.
THE ARUNDIO. SO-
CIETY.
DITTO.
LIBRARY COMMITTEE,
GUILDHALL.
THE AUTHOR.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Mr. Pfister exhibited a bronze medal (about size 11) of Francesco
Quirini, Patrician of Venice, and Procurator of San Marco, by the
eminent Engraver and Gem-cutter, Giovanni Cavino, of Padua,
executed about the year 1550, and considered as one of his best
works of that class.
Obv. The bust, FRANC. QVIRINVS.
-fov.The Roman Wolf and Twins, with legend PERPETVA
SOBOLES indicating the supposed origin of the family.
Mr. Akerman exhibited impressions of 1. A Gaulish Coin of a
type similar to an example in the Collection of the British Museum,
engraved in the Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XI. p. 147. No. 12 of
the plate ; but the metal is a very pale electrum. 2. A Gold British
Coin lately found at Ellesborough, Buckinghamshire, of type similar to
No. 3, in the Plate at p. 80 of Vol. XVI. of the Numismatic Chronicle.
The letters ANDO below the horse are remarkably distinct.
Mr. Evans exhibited a rare Gaulish Coin in gold, bearing the
inscription VIROS. A similar coin is engraved in Lelewel's Type
Gauloise, Plate IV., No. 17.
Mr. Sainthill, presented to the Society through the Treasurer, a
Bronze Medal, the obverse of which presents his own portrait,
" Richard Sainthill, of Topsham, Devonshire, Numismatist, born
Jan. 28. 1787 ;" and the reverse, a personification of the Science of
Numismatics, extending her right hand to a young female, who
represents Time present, and with her left withdrawing a curtain and
disclosing an old man seated, as a type of Time past. The legend
is " IRRADIATING THE PRESENT RESTORING THE PAST." The
Medal is 2 inches diameter, and is the work of Mr. Leonard C.
Wyon.
The Treasurer exhibited and read a paper on
1st, a gold piece of Edward VI.
Obv. The bare-headed bust of the king, as on Pl.vii. No. 12 of
Ruding ; but with the legend, SCVTVM FIDEI PROTEGET
EVM. M. M. a cinquefoil.
Rev. 1547. ANNO DE CIMO ETAT IS EIVS in four lines
across the field : the date forming the first line ; the other three.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 5
containing the inscription, divided in the second and third words, as
indicated by the spaces. The cinquefoil is repeated above and
helow the inscription, and also between the words.
Weight, 108 grains.
This piece, which is hitherto unknown, and believed to be unique,
is of the same class as that engraved in Ruding, PL vii. No. 14,
which has on the obverse a leafed rose, and on the reverse
INSIGNIA POTENTISSIMI REGIS ANGLIE. 1547; and
which was formerly in the Pembroke Cabinet. That, also, is sup-
posed to be unique in gold ; but the Museum possesses a very fine
specimen in silver. On examining the piece now exhibited, it
appeared that the inscription on the reverse had not been struck
from a die like the obverse ; but had been afterwards put in, letter
by letter, by separate punches ; the obverse being placed upon lead
or putty, to prevent its being defaced by the operation. The
inscription on the reverse of the silver piece hi the Museum, seems
to have been produced in a similar manner ; and thus the extreme
rarity of these pieces is accounted for.
Mr. Bergne then proceeded to discuss the question, whether these
pieces were intended as patterns for a coin, or merely as medalets
or jettons ; and stated his reasons for concluding that they are both
jettons.
2nd, a denarius of Vespasian, unpublished both as to obverse and
reverse.
Obv. The full-length figure of the emperor in a military habit :
the right arm extended; in the left, from which hangs a mantle,
he holds a lance with the point downwards. Across the field,
VESPASIA NVS on each side of the figure, as divided by the
space.
Rev. The full-faced and radiated head of the sun, as on the corns
of the Mussidia family.
Denarii of Vespasian exist which were struck at Ephesus, and
bear the monogram of that city ; and it is possible that the coin
now exhibited was struck at Rhodes, in commemoration of the visit
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
of Vespasian, on his voyage from Alexandria to assume the imperial
power.
The paper has been published in the Numismatic Chronicle, with
an illustrative plate.
Mr. Williams read a paper on some curious' and remarkable
Chinese coins, which had lately come under his notice. These
coins, thirteen in number, ranged from the very earliest period of
the Chinese coinage, down to the beginning of the 18th century.
The earliest professed to be struck by the Emperor Shun, who,
according to the Chinese annals, ascended the throne B.C. 2251, or
at least by one of his immediate successors ; but even taking it at
B.C. 2100, this would, if true, establish the use of pieces of metal
with inscriptions on them, as the medium of exchange, more than a
thousand years before the earliest coin with which we are acquainted
a period long before the Trojan war, or the foundation of the
most celebrated cities of antiquity. How far the annals of China
are to be regarded as authentic, is a matter still open for investiga-
tion ; but they contain nothing that is inherently improbable.
Be the truth what it may, corns if such they are tc be called
like the earliest of the series now exhibited, are evidently of very
high antiquity, possibly dating long before the Christian era. Nos.
2 and 3 were specimens of what is called knife-money, of the date
of about the commencement of the Christian era. No. 4, a piece
of about the same period, of shape similar to No. 1, but far less
rude. The remaining specimens are of the same shape as the
Chinese money of the present day, round, with a square hole in the
centre ; but with various devices and inscriptions, and ranging in
date from A.D. 560 to A.D. 1720. They ah 1 belong to the Master
of the Mint, and were brought to Mr. Williams by a mutual friend
for examination.
The President read a paper by Mr. Burgon, of the British
Museum, on some rare coins lately acquired by that establishment.
The coins illustrated were as follows :
1. Corinth. Obv. Female head to the right ; the hair tied at the
back of the head.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 7
Rev. COL. L. IVL. C[OR]. A lioness standing on the back of
a recumbent ram. The group is placed on the capital of a fluted
Doric column. JE. size 5.
2. Corinth. Obv. SE. A naked male figure standing, seen
nearly in front, holding a rudder in each hand, and being a per-
sonification of the Isthmus.
Rev. COR. Pegasus galloping to the right. JE. size 3.
3. Corinth. Obv. Pegasus galloping to the left ; his wings
curled in archaic style ; under him, <p as usual.
Rev. TPIH, or TPHI, or THP1. Full-faced head of Medusa,
with tongue protruded, within a sunk square ; the four letters being
placed in the angles, ^ffi,. size 1 \.
4. Which is new, is exactly similar, in metal, type, size, and age,
to No. 3, with the exception that the Pegasus on the obverse is
going to the right, and that the letter under him is A. It was
therefore struck at Leucas, in Acarnania, an ancient colony of
Corinth. The place intended by the letters on the reverse is
unknown.
5. Is also new.
Obv. A naked Jupiter standing, seen nearly in front, having in
his extended right hand a victoriola, and in his left a long
sceptre.
Rev. rOPTYNIflN. AXAIflN. A female seated to the left ; a
patera in her extended right hand, and a long sceptre in her left.
Beneath, a monogram, which seems to be composed of the letters
ATP or ARAT. M. size 4.
This coin not only adds a new town, Gortyna in Arcadia, to the
twenty-seven towns already known of the Achaian League, but a
new town to numismatic geography.
6. Is also new.
Obv. Boeotian buckler.
Rev. OPX across the field. JE. size 5.
This coin is of Orchomenus. Coins of similar type, size, metal .
and fabric, were already known of Arisba, Plataea, Tanagra, Thes-
pise, and Lebadea ; and Mr. Burgon suggested that they afforded a
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
presumption of having been struck on the occasion of some Boeotian
league.
The President exhibited casts of two medals of Indian princes,
which are of some interest from their unusual size, and from the
representations of those princes which they bear. The first is of
the famous Akbar, the most celebrated of the Moghul rulers of
Hindostan, who reigned at Delhi from A.H. 962 to A.M. 1014, i.e.
A.D. 15561605. The other is that of Shah Alem, the last of the
Moghul emperors of Delhi, who ascended the throne A.H. 1173
A.D. 1760.
These casts were given to Mr. Vaux by the late lamented Dr.
Scott ; they were procured by him together some years since ; and
had, he believed, belonged to the celebrated De Sacy. It is not
known where or whether the originals exist. The first has already
been published in the work of Bonneville, which is referred to by
Marsden in a note at p. 600, vol. ii., of his work. The other is
believed to be new. The workmanship of the second is very infe-
rior to that of the first. Had it not been for this manifest inferiority
of fabric, Mr. Vaux would have supposed it probable that Shah
Alem had caused a series of medals of his predecessors to be struck,
of which these two might have formed a part. Although no
express date is placed upon the medal of Shah Alem, yet it states,
that he had reigned twelve years ; and this fixes the date to the
year of the Hejra 1184 A.D. 1771, when he abandoned the British
protection and fled to the Mahratf as, who placed him nominally on
the throne. The medal is evidently intended to commemorate this
event.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
DECEMBER 20, 1855.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The following Presents were announced, and laid upon the
table :
Abbildungen von Mainzer Altertliiimern, mit >
Erklarungen, herausgegeben von dem Verein
zur Erforschung der rheinischen Geschichte
und Alterthiimer. (Views of the Antiqui-
ties of Mayence, with Explanations. Pub-
lished by the Society for the Investigation
of Rhenish History and Antiquities.) Part
VI. 4to. pp. 28. Two Plates, and many
Woodcuts. Mayence, 1855.
Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy.
Vol. XXII. Part VI. Polite Literature.
4to. Dublin, 1855.
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy for
the year 1854-5. Vol. VI. Part II. 8vo.
Dublin, 1855.
PRESENTED BY
'I'm SOCIETY.
THE ACADEMY.
DITTO.
Proceedings and Papers of the Historic Soci- ]
ety of Lancashire and Cheshire. Sessions ( ,.,
T J 1TTT * T-, 1 - 1 V I UK SOCIETY.
I. to VI J. 7 vols. Many Etchings and (
Woodcuts. 8vo. )
Miscellanea Graphica. Parts V. and VI. (in ) LORD LONDES-
continuation). j BOROUGH.
Mr. Whitbourn exhibited and presented a small copper coin
struck by the late Sultan Mahmoud, at Tarablus (Tripoli) in
Barbary, which was found on the Racecourse at Guildford.
READ : I. A paper by Mr. Birch, of the British Museum, on a
Chinese coin recently sent to the Museum by Sir John Bowring.
He stated, that it appears to be rather a medal than a coin. It is,
indeed, in the usual form of the Chinese Tsien or cash ; but the
background of the letters is lined, and the characters themselves
have been chased. On the obverse, in the usual characters, are
c
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
inscribed Toe ping lien kwo, i.e. "The celestial kingdom of universal
peace " ; the Neen haen, or title of the reign assumed by the present
leader of the revolt, who is more familiarly known as the Tae-ping-
ivang. As this usurper commenced his career in 1851, from which
he dates his first regnal year, the medal is, of course, later than
that period, and probably emanated recently from his mint. On
the reverse are four other characters : these read, Tung le ching
keeouj i.e. " General control ; governing religious." Since the
coins of China at no time had four characters on the reverse, but
only two, to designate the place of mintage, while the medals often
have four on each side, this appears to be a piece used as a medal,
rather than one intended for general circulation as money. Of
course, the reverse alludes to the universal progress of Christianity,
which the Toe-ping has embraced ; and the medal, which shows
more skill and care in its production than is usual on these objects
when made in China, has probably been coined for some particular
occasion. It is to be regretted, that some more precise information
has not been received from China, as to its object and intent ;
because it is only on the spot, that the exact meaning and design
of these ephemeral productions can be satisfactorily and entirely
made out. Had the medal contained on its reverse, like the actual
currency of the Chinese empire, the name of the mint by which
issued, it would then have assumed an historical interest. Mr.
Birch concluded by stating, that he was unable to explain the
particular allusion of the inscription on the reverse.
2. A letter from Professor Henslow to Mr. Birch, accompanying
the impression of a gold British coin dug up by a labourer in the
parish of Great Waldingfield (near Sudbury), in Suffolk. The
type, which is very barbarous, much resembles that of the silver
coin in Ruding, PI. III. No. 44; and the copper coin No. 52 of the
same plate. The metal is very base ; the weight, 96- 1 gr.; specific
gravity, 11 '0.
3. A note from the Rev. Daniel H. Haigh to Mr. Roach Smith,
on the subject of the coin of Beohrtric, engraved in the Numismatic
Chronicle, Vol. XVII. p. 59. He states, that the type of this coin
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 11
confirms the attribution which had previously been made of the
other known specimen to East Anglia ; for it resembles the coin of
Ethelstan with A on the obverse, and CO on the reverse. The place
where the legend begins, shows that the letter on the reverse is fl)>
not CD. On the coin of Ethelstan, the 00 has the stroke above it ;
whereas, if it were intended for GO, it would have the stroke thus,
CIO. On the newly-discovered coin of Beohrtric, however, as on
many coins of ^thelwulf and Berhtulf, the A on the obverse is so
formed as to be a monogram of ACU. There is, therefore, no ground
for Mr. Shaw's conjecture, that Beohrtric reigned in Mercia as well
as in East Anglia.
Mr. Bergne read the substance of a communication which he had
received from Mr. Sainthill, relative to a hoard of coins discovered
a short time ago, in the course of removing the stones of a cairn on
Scraba Hill, near Newtonards, in the county of Down. A skeleton,
deposited in a chamber composed of large blocks of stone, was dis-
covered ; and, in the immediate vicinity, upwards of 100 coins,
which, however, must have been a separate and later deposit.
Some of them were of the bracteate class ; others, though equally
thin, have both obverse and reverse. The obverses of these latter
present a head with the Hiberno- Danish tiara, nearly similar to
Nos. 52 and 53 in the Supplement to Lindsay's Irish Coinage ;
the reverses resemble the coins of Cnut (Ruding, PI. XXIII. Nos.
3, 11, 13, and 15); and therefore the date may probably be about
the middle of the eleventh century. None of them have any intel-
ligible legend ; and the fabric of the whole is of the most barbarous
description. Mr. Sainthill obtained two specimens from the hoard ;
one of the type possessing both obverse and the Cnut reverse ; the
other a bracteate of the type of the same reverse, but with no
obverse. These two coins being from one and the same find, and
having the same peculiar type and fabric, prove that a bracteate
coinage, and a coinage both obverse and reverse, were contempo-
rary.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
JANUARY 31, 1856.
W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., President, in the Chair.
The following Presents were announced, and laid upon the
table :
PRESENTED BY
Memoires de la Societe des Antiquaires de ]
Normandie. Second Series, completing > THE SOCIETY.
Volume X. 4to. pp. 556. Paris, 1855. )
Ditto. Third Series. Vol. I. 4to. pp. 538. ) .
n IOCK f DITTO.
Pans, 1855. )
Memoires de la Soci& des Antiquaires de ]
1'Ouest. Annee 1853. 8vo. pp. 332, and I DITTO.
10 Plates. Poitiers, 1854. )
Ditto. Annee 1854. 8vo. pp. 358, and 3 )
Plates. Poitiers, 1855. )
Bulletins of Ditto. Third and Fourth Quar- )
terly Parts for 1854, and First, Second, and > DITTO.
Third for 1855. 8vo. )
Table des Manuscrits de Fonteneau conserves ]
a la Bibliotheque de Poitiers. 8vo. pp. 47. > DITTO.
Poitiers, 1855. )
Revue Numismatique Beige. Vol. V. Part IV. ) , _,
8vo. Brussels, 1855. j
Monnaies de M6tal pretendument produit par ]
les proc6d6s occultes de 1'Alchimie. Par > THE AUTHOR.
Renier Chalon. 8vo. pp. 9. Brussels, 1855. )
Le Baron de Blanche, et sa Monnaie de J
Schonan. Par Renier Chalon. 8vo. pp. 9. > DITTO.
Brussels, 1855. )
Rapport de M. Chalon sur un De"p6t de Mon-)
naies du XII m Siecle, d^couvert a Tillet I
pres de St. Hubert. Notice de M. 1'Abbe" (
Germain. 12mo. pp. 6. )
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
13
Supplement a 1'Essai de Monographic d'une
sdrie de Me'dailles Gauloises imit^es des
deniers consulaires au type des Dioscures.
Par le Marquis de Lagoy. 4to. pp. 1 5, and
1 Plate. 1856.
Sur 1'e'tablissement d'une Langue universelle.
Par M. A. Charma. 8vo. pp.31. Paris,
1856.
Die Pehlevy-Miinzen des Asiatischen Museums
der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissen-
schaften. III. Die Miinzen der Ispehbede,
Chalifen, und deren Statthalter. (The
Pehlevi Coins of the Asiatic Museum of the
Imperial Academy of Science. III. The
Coins of the Califs and their Lieutenants.)
By Bernhard Dorn. 8vo.
PRESENTED BY
THE AUTHOR.
DITTO.
DITTO.
Report of the Council of the Art-Union
London, for the Year 1855.
of
THE COUNCIL
Edward Wigan, Esq., of Highbury Terrace, was balloted for and
elected into the Society.
Samuel Birch, Esq., Assistant-Keeper of the Antiquities in the
British Museum, was balloted for, and elected an Honorary Member
of the Society.
Mr. Roach Smith exhibited
1. An extremely rare oval medal, in lead, of Charles I., recently
found in the Thames.
Obv. A three-quarter figure of the king wearing a capacious
cloak, standing by a table, upon which is laid his hat; by the side
is drapery. An inscription, incuse, runs halfway round: CAROL.
MAG. BRI. FRM. ET. HIB. REX.
Rev. The king on horseback ; above, an angel with wreath and
palm-branch: HONNI. SO1T. QVI. MAL. LI. PANS, (also
MMMMk)
The work of this medal is extremely good ; and as the dies were
doubtless made for silver or gold, this may probably be a pattern or
trial-piece. It would appear to have been prepared shortly before
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
the decapitation of Charles, or immediately after. If there be any
of the silver medals extant, they cannot be common ; but, hitherto,
Mr. Roach Smith has failed in getting access to a single example.
2. A unique and unpublished brass coin of Allectus, found in
Kent. It is of the smaller size.
Obv. IMP. C. ALLECTVS. P. F. AVG : radiated head, bust in
armour, to the right.
Rev. VIRTVS. AVG. ; in the exergue, Q. L. A galley with
rowers, but without mast. In the centre, and upon the deck of
the galley stands a figure of Victory, extending her right hand,
which holds a wreath ; in her left she holds a palm branch.
3. An engraving of coins of Carausius and Allectus, in the
Cabinet of Lord Londesborough, among which is one of Allectus,
of the galley type, with the usual legend, with a figure of Victory
standing upon the prow. There are one or two more known of this
type ; but the coin exhibited is unique.
4. Eight examples of the " Britannia" type of Hadrian ; and six-
teen of the " Britannia " type of Antoninus Pius, all in middle
brass, found in the Thames, opposite London. They are all in his
own cabinet.
Mr. Beddome exhibited a coin of a Count of Hainault, of the
class commonly denominated counterfeit sterling.-
READ: 1. A paper by Mr. Birch, on the Coins of Germanus.
After referring to the disputed question of the reading of the Coins
of Cunobeline, which bear the legends of TASC. FIL orTASC. FIR
he describes the well known coins reading GERMANVS INDVTILLI
F or L. Like the coins of Cunobeline, these are distinguished for
the excellence of their fabric, and are some of the best of the
German or Celtic mintage. They are always of bronze ; they
resemble in type the denarii of Julius Caesar and of Augustus, which
have on their reverse a butting bull, and are admitted to be of the
Augustan age. The last word of the legend of these coins has
been variously read by different writers, but Mr. Birch on a close
inspection of several specimens, is of opinion that it is INDVTILLI.
L. The presence of a point after the word INDVTILLI in the
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 15
best preserved examples, shows that the word is in the genitive
case, and that the contraction after it, must have a connection with
the word before it in that case ; and Mr Birch suggests that then
it may be read as INDVTILLI Libertus, the freedman of Indu-
tillus. As his paper will appear in full in the Numismatic
Chronicle, it is unnecessary here to detail the reasons which he
adduces for this suggestion, or his arguments for reading the legend
according to the formulas of the Latin language.
2. A paper by Mr. Evans on the attribution of certain Ancient
British Coins to Addedomaros. The classes of coins in question are
those figured in Ruding, Plate II. Nos. 40 and 35, and in the
Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XIV. Plate I. No. 1. There are traces
of letters on most of the specimens of these coins ; but the
inscriptions, even where they have been recognized at all, have been
read only in part ; and it is by the comparison of a considerable
number of specimens, that Mr. Evans has been enabled to complete
them, and thus bring them together under one head, and still
farther to attribute them with some degree of certainty to a Prince
whose name, as it appears on the coins, was Addedomaros ; those
letters which are deficient or doubtful on one coin being supplied or
made clear by others of the same type, with the single exception of
the letter M on the first type. Mr. Evans then gives his reason
for concluding it the name of a prince and not of a people; and infers
from the weight of the coins, which ranges from 84 to 87 grains,
and which therefore rather exceeds the weight of the gold coins of
Cunobeline, that they are of a date earlier than the latter. The
places of discovery of the different specimens examined by Mr. Evans
are for the most part unknown. Two of them, however, were found
at Norwich and Cambridge ; and from this circumstance, and the
resemblance of the ornament on the obverse of the type No. 40 of
Ruding, to that of some uninscribed gold coins discovered in Nor-
folk, and the correspondence of other details with those on some of
the small Icenian silver coins, he thinks it probable that the Adde-
domaros was a prince of the Iceni. This paper will also nppear in
the Numismatic Chronicle.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
3. A letter from Mr. Akerman to the President, inclosing a
Translation of a letter addressed to him by M. Chalon of Brussels,
describing a new example of those continental imitations of English
coins which are generally denominated counterfeit sterlings.
The specimen in question strongly resembles the pennies of the
later coinage of Henry III. Ruding, Plate II. No. 17, and reads
Obv. P0NRICVS RflX TR^I.
Rev. CMI|TCL|3V3|IOP.
M. Chalon proposes to read the legends thus ; HENRICUS REX
TeodeRiCI CoMITes CLEVE lOHannes (Monetarius), and to
assign the coin to Thierri, Count of Cleves, one of the four of that
name who ruled successively from 1244 to 1311.
FEBRUARY 28, 1856.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
READ : A paper by Mr. John Evans, in reply to some observa-
tions by Mr. Beale Post on his reading of the legends of several
British coins, in which Mr. Evans shewed with great clearness that
there could be no doubt of the accuracy of the legend on the coins
of Cunobeline ; viz., CVNOBELINVS TASCIOVANI F and
its variations. It had been suggested that TASC FIR could be
deciphered on one of the coins in the possession of Mr. Wigan :
Mr. Fairholt, however, who had examined this coin, stated that this
was not the case.
2. Dr. Loewe read a paper, in which he gave an account of some
Jewish coins which he had met with during his recent visit to
Jerusalem, and at the same time exhibited some of the specimens
which he described.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 17
MARCH 27, 1856.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
Thomas Kerr Lynch, Esq., was duly elected a Member of the
Society.
READ: 1. A paper, communicated by Mr. Bergne, on a penny
of William I. or II. This coin, which is at present in the collection
of W. Brice, Esq., of Bristol, exhibits the usual Pax type for its
reverse ; but, on the obverse, has a head in profile, with a sword
instead of the sceptre.
2. A paper by Mr. John Evans, in which he criticised at some
length many of the attributions recently put forward in M. de
Saulcy's Re'cherches Judaiques. For instance, Mr. Evans called
attention to that savant's attribution of the early shekels and half-
shekels to Jaddus. the High Priest contemporary with Alexander
the Great. He observed, that if the privilege of coining money had
been granted by the Greek conqueror, we have no reason to sup-
pose that it was withdrawn till the treacherous capture of Jerusalem
by the first Ptolemy a period which comprised many more years
than the four which we find recorded on the coins ; while, at the
same time, this same monetary period would have to be yet further
reduced, if we exclude the money dated in the fourth year, and
which is exclusively of copper, and apparently of a fabric much
more recent. This argument, which depends on the fact that the
weight of the shekels is the same as that of the tetradrachms of the
Egyptian standard, has not so much force as has been attributed to
it, or as it would primd facie seem to possess ; for some of the very
late shekels of Simon Barchochebas have the same weight. There
can, however, be no reasonable doubt that these shekels are of an
early date, if not belonging to the High Priest whom Alexander
appointed ; while it bias been held by some that they belong to a
period antecedent to Alexander himself.
Mr. Vaux remarked, that, judging from the fabric and character
D
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
of the coins in question (exclusive of the copper), he was still inclined
to believe them considerably anterior to the time of Alexander, and
not improbably referrible to a period shortly after the return of the
Jews from the captivity. The character of the writing on them, usually
termed Samaritan letters, is of a decidedly archaic type, bearing a
striking analogy with the earliest Phoenician inscriptions preserved ;
while the form and shape of the coins themselves are unlike those
of any money of the time of Alexander and his successors. Mr.
Vaux expressed his opinion, that the date of these successive years,
supposed to be those of the high priesthood of Simon, did not
necessarily, bear that interpretation. If struck during the short
period of the rebuilding of the city, the coinage might not
unnaturally have been stopped, on the interruption of this resto-
ration.
APRIL 24, 1856.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Williams exhibited a medal struck in honour of the well-
known mathematician, Dr. Gauss, by order of the King of Hanover.
Specimens of this medal, both in silver and copper, were laid before
the Society.
Mr. Webster exhibited a small gold coin, having a head in profile
on the obverse, with the letters AN on the reverse. Though there
seemed to be considerable doubt upon this subject, Mr. Webster
expressed his opinion that the coin in question was a Saxon one.
Dr. Loewe read a short paper in illustration of some Jewish
coins, which he at the same time exhibited, as the result of his
researches while recently travelling in the East.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. I '.>
MAY 22, 1856.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
Colonel Anderson, C.B., of the H.E.I. C.S., was elected a member
of the Society.
READ. Mr. Bergne read a letter from Mr. Sainthill.
Mr. Poole read a paper, containing an account of a hoard of coins
recently discovered near Pulborough (Petworth), in Sussex. These
coins, consisting of Roman third brass coins, chiefly of the reign of
Constantino the Great, and bearing his name and those of his
sons as Caesars, were discovered in an old dipping-well on the
borders of Wiggenholt Common. They do not present any new or
very rare types, but are interesting as showing from what mints
the English currency of the time of Constantine was supplied.
Mr. Evans read a paper, " On a rare noble of the first coinage of
Edward IV." One of these coins, then believed to be unique, was
exhibited by Mr. Evans nearly four years ago to the Society, and
this second specimen has been recently acquired by him. Both are
in remarkably good preservation, and differ enough to be held to be
varieties of the same type. Mr. Evans considered that the disap-
pearance of these nobles is probably due to the fact that their intrinsic
worth was really greater than their nominal value, and that they were
therefore, melted down in or after the year 1465, the year imme-
diately following that in which they appear to have been struck.
GENERAL MEETING.
JUNE 26, 1856.
The minutes of the last General Meeting were read and con-
firmed.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
The Report of the Council was presented and read, from which it
appeared, that the numerical state of the Society, was as follows:
Original. Elected. Honorary. Associates. Total.
Members ) 26 49 3 46 124
June, 1855, )
Since Elected 31 4
26 52 4 46 128
Deceased 1 2 3
Resigned 2 . 2
June 1856 23 50 4 46 123
The list of papers contributed during the previous Session was
then read.
In consequence of the low state of the Finances of the Society;
it appearing from the Treasurer's report, that the receipts had fallen
from 139 5s. 9d., to 119 9s. 7d., it was determined to accept
the President's offer, that the Society should for the future meet at
his Rooms, at No. 13, Gate Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. And, on
the motion of Edward Hawkins, Esq., seconded by J. Evans, Esq.,
this proposal was put to the Meeting, and carried unanimously, and
the thanks of the Society were offered to the President for his offer.
The Meeting proceeded to ballot for the officers of the ensuing
year, when the following gentlemen were elected :
President.
W. S. W. VACX, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., M.R.A.S.
Vice Presidents.
JOHN LBE, ESQ., LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.
THE LORD LONDESBOROUGH, K.C.H., F.S.A.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 21
Treasurer.
J. B. BERGNE, ESQ., F.S.A.
Secretaries.
JOHN EVANS, ESQ., F.S.A.
R. STUART POOLE, ESQ., M.R.S.L.
Foreign Secretary.
J. Y. AKERMAN, ESQ., F.S.A., Hon. M.R.S.L.
Librarian.
JOHN WILLIAMS, ESQ.
Members of the Council.
E. CLIVE BAYLEY, ESQ., H.E.I. C.S.
W. BRICE, ESQ.
F. W. FAIRHOLT, ESQ., F.S.A.
W. H. HAGGARD, ESQ., F.S.A., M.R.A.S.
EDWARD HAWKINS, ESQ., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.L.S.
DR. LOEWE.
J. G. PFISTER, ESQ.
REV. J. B. READB, M.A., F.R.S.
W. H. ROLFE, ESQ.
C. ROACH SMITH, ESQ., F.S.A.
EDWARD THOMAS, ESQ., H.E.I.C.S., M.R.A.S.
H. H. WILSON, President R.A.S., and Boden Professor of Sanscrit,
Oxford.
The Society then adjourned until November 20th.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
SESSION 185657.
NOVEMBER 20, 1856.
W. S. W. VAUX, President, in the Chair.
The following Presents, received during the recess, were an-
nounced, and laid on the table:
PRESENTED BY
Revue de la Numismatique Beige. 2 J e Series ) ,-,
fj~ , f JLHE r-DITOR.
lorn. vi.
M. R. Chalons, Gros de Thibaut de Bai 1 .
f Anne Charlotte de Lorraine.
Quaterons de Mirepoix.
Esterlings de Henri III.
Monnaies de Navarre.
M. R. CHALONS.
Bulletins de la Societ des Antiquaires de \
1'Ouest. THE SOCIETY.
Memoires de la M6me Socie'te.
Transactions of the Historical Society of Lan- | T
cashire and Cheshire. Vol. VIII. Part V. J
M. Pulszky, on the Ivories of the Feiervary )
/- 11 A f -M* -* ULZKY.
Collection. )
Memoires de la Soci^te de Luxembourg THE SOCIETY.
M. Namur, sur une veritable Lachrymatoire M NAMUR.
Statere de Macedoine. DITTO.
M. F. L6normant, Sur les Lagides
sur le Chamaerops humilis (, M LmfOBMAHX .
sur les Monuaies les plus
Anciennes Merovingiennes
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 23
PRESENTED BY
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy )
Vol. VIII. Part III. J TlIE ACADE MV.
Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. )
Vol. XXIII. Part I. f DlTTO -
Transactions of the Photographic Society, )
Nos. 43, 44, and 47. ] THE s CIK ' rf -
M. Fraehn. Nova Supplementa. Edid. B. )
Dorn. M - DORN -
Captain W. H. Smyth. Descriptive Catalogue ) THE DCKE OF
of Roman Family Coins. ] NORTHUMBERLAND.
W. Sainthill. Suggestions for a Medal for ) w
Discovery of the N.W. Passage. f
Colonel Sir H. C. Rawlinson, K.C.B.
William Hook Morley, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.
Edwin Norris, Esq., Secretary Royal Asiatic Society.
Edward Stanley Poole, Esq., Science and Art Department, Privy
Council Office.
George Scharf, Esq., Jun.
George Henry Virtue, Esq.
were duly elected Members of the Society.
Mr. J. G. Pfister, exhibited a Gold Coin of Astulphus, King of
Italy, struck at Lucca.
Mr. Bergne, read a paper communicated by the Rev. J. F.
Dymock, on the Half-Crowns of Charles I, with W under the horse,
on the field of the obverse, in which the writer gave strong reasons for
the supposition that the coins in question were struck at Weymouth.
Mr. Bergne read a paper, communicated by Mr. Evans, describing
an unpublished Coin of Offa, King of Mercia; accompanied by a
rubbing furnished by Mr. C. Roach Smith.
Mr. Williams read a notice of Three Chinese Silver Medals.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
DECEMBER 18, 1856.
W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Evans read a paper on a coin of great rarity lately added to
his collection a shilling of Edward VI, similar to that engraved
in Hawkins' Silver Coins of England, No. 419 ; on which that
author remarks, that it was probably only a pattern for a shilling
struck in 1551; and that it was unique and unpublished. The
Mint mark of both specimens (for no third is known), appears to be
the head of an Ostrich.
Mr. Webster communicated a notice of two coins, believed to be
new varieties : one, a penny of Athelstan, with the Mint mark,
DOR CVIT. probably that of Dorchester ; and the second, an
unpublished half-crown of Charles I, from the Tower Mint.
Mr. Poole read a paper contributed by Edward Clive Bayley,
Esq., H.E.I.C.S., on some double struck coins of the Bactrian king,
Azes or Azas. The most common coins of this king are of two types:
one having on the obverse, an Elephant ; and on the reverse an Indian
Bull the other, on the obverse, a seated figure of Demeter, and on
the reverse, a standing one of Hermes the legend of the two, being
identical. A large number of these coins having fallen into Mr.
Bayley's hands, he was able -to ascertain the cause of their having
been so constantly re-struck. He noticed that most of those bearing
Greek typeshave been struck over earlier types of the same king, and
which appeared to be always the Indian ones of the Bull and the
Elephant. The intention seems to have been to recall one type in
favour of another ; and as Azas was a potent monarch, and con-
quered many of the territories of the Grseco-Indian kings, the
writer suggested that for this reason, he substituted the Greek for
the Indian types ; a change which is to be considered not so much
as an abandonment of Buddhism, as an attempt to conciliate his
new subjects. The paper concluded with a few observations on the
Monograms of some of these coins.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 25
JANUARY 22, 1857.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
W. Boyne, Esq., and James Morant, Esq., were elected ordinary
Members of the Society.
Mr. Poole read a paper, on " Certain Coins usually attributed to
Alexander II., King of Epirus," the principal point of which was,
the attribution by M. Finder, of the Berlin Museum, of the fine tetra-
drachms, generally ascribed to this king, to Alexander ^Egus, son
of Alexander the Great. The coins themselves may be described
as follows:
Obv. Youthful head to R. crowned with the skin of an
Elephant's head, beneath which appear a diadem, and a
Ram's horn.
Rev. AAE&ANAPOY. Pallas Promachos to R. hurling a
spear. In front Eagle to R. and Monogram.
M. Pinder has changed the previous attribution of these coins,
chiefly on the grounds, that Alexander had an Egyptian coinage,
and that, according to the present classification, we have none
such of the subsequent Macedonian sovereigns, until Ptolemy I.,
who chiefly used the titles of SiiTHP and BASIAEYS attached
to his name. We should naturally suppose, that both Philip
Arrhidseus and Alexander JEgus, would have an Egyptian coinage,
and accordingly we find, that the coins of the former sometimes
come from Egypt, while the tetradrachms under consideration
have never been found (as far as can be ascertained) elsewhere.
There are, moreover, no coins of any other class, which could
be assigned to Alexander ^Egus ; while these tetradrachms could
not be supposed to be those of Ptolemy Alexander, as their weight
is that of the money of Alexander the Great, for they are not of
E
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
the Ptolemaic, but of the Attic standard. In addition it may he
remarked that the types of these tetradrachms are found on
Ptolemaic coins, while there is one with the obverse and reverse of
Alexander the Great, which seems to connect the two classes, for
by its date (KA=24), it would seem certainly to belong to Alex-
ander ^Egus. An examination of the other coins attributed to
Alexander II. of Epirus, and to Ptolemy offers striking confirmation
of this view, and M. Finder, had he pursued his inquiry so far,
would have materially strengthened his case.
FEBRUARY 19, 1857.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were received.
Nos. X and XI. of the Collectanea Graphica, from Lord
Londesborough.
Bulletins de la Socie'te' des Antiquaires de 1' Ouest. An. 1853,
4, 5. VIII Series.
Literary Gazette, Nos. 20862091.
Journal of the Photographic Society, No. 50.
Dr. Loewe read a paper, on a Gold Memlook Coin, struck by com-
mand of the Sultan, El-Melik-edh-Dhahir Rokn-ed-deen Beybars ;
in which he gave an interesting account of the dynasty to which this
Sultan belonged ; and of the Memlook princes, as illustrated by
the existing specimens of their coinage. Dr. Loewe also read a
very curious letter, which he had translated, addressed by Beybars to
Bohemond, the son of Robert Guiscard, announcing the capture of
the city of Antioch, by the Sultan's forces, and the overthrow of the
Christians.
MM IS. \IAT1C SOCIETY. 27
MARCH 19, 1857,
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The Reverend Churchill Babington, M.A , Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge, was elected an ordinary Member of the
Society.
Mr. Evans read a paper on some unpublished types of British
Coins, which he shewed grounds for attributing to particular towns
and districts, on account of the places where they had been disco-
vered, and of their resemblance to known inscribed coins.
Mr. Vaux read a paper on five rare coins lately acquired by the
British Museum, viz., a tetradrachm, bearing the name of Antiochus
the Great, but almost certainly struck by Diodotus, first satrap, and
then king of Bactriana, and which was probably issued before he
had rendered himself independent : and three tetradrachms, two of
which were those of Euthydemus I., king of Baqtriana, and the
third of a later Euthydemus, who may, probably, be called Euthy-
demus II., though his precise date has not been, as yet, determined.
Mr. Vaux also exhibited a very remarkable coin of the class com-
monly called sub- Parthian, struck upon a tetradrachm of Alexander
the Great, and gave many reasons for assigning it to a period about
150 years later than that monarch's reign.
APRIL 23, 1857.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
Lieut. -General C. R. Fox was elected an ordinary member of thu
Society.
The following Presents were received :
Revue Numismatique Beige, torn. vi. parts 3 and 4.
Literary Gazette, the Nos. for April 4 and 11.
Mr. Evans read a short paper on a coin of Carausius.
I'ROCKE DINGS OF THK
MAY 21, 1857.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Roach Smith forwarded, for exhibition, an impression of a
new British coin, the property of Mr. H. Wickham. It bore, on
the obverse, the inscription COM. F. within a wreath, and on the
reverse, a horseman within a border of annulets, inclosing pellets,
and below a starlike ornament. The coin is probably one of Ep-
pillus.
Mr. J. G. Pfister exhibited a medal struck to commemorate the
opening of St. George's Hall, at Liverpool, and read a letter from
Mr. Mayer descriptive of it.
Mr. Whitbourn exhibited a new British gold coin, bearing the in-
scription EPATICCV and doubtless of the same ruler as the coins
inscribed EPATI (one of which he also exhibited). This type was
first found on Farley-heath.
Mr. Whitbourn also exhibited some rare coins of the Saxon and
English periods.
Mr. Evans read a paper on the coins of Epaticcus above-mentioned,
and gave good reasons for concluding that this prince was a son of
Tasciovanus, and the brother of Cunobelinus ; and that, at the
death of the former, a partition of the kingdom took place between
the two brothers, by which Epaticcus became ruler of the Segon-
tiaci.
Dr. Loewe read a paper on an early gold deenar, bearing the date
A.H. 83, and struck in the Khalifat of Abd-el-Melik ibn Marwan.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 29
GENERAL MEETING.
JUNE 25, 1857.
The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed.
The report of the Council was presented and read.
The numerical state of the Society was as follows:
Original.
Elected.
Honorary.
Associates.
Total.
Members )
June, 1856, j
23
50
4
46
123
Since elected
11
1
12
23
61
4
47
135
Deceased
1
1
Resigned
1
-
1
June, 1857
23
59
4
47
133
A list of papers contributed to the ordinary meetings of the
Society was then read.
The Meeting then proceeded to ballot for the officers for the
ensuing year, when the following gentlemen were duly elected:
President,
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., F.R.A.S.
Vice Presidents.
JOHN LEE, E8Q./L.L.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.
THE LORD LONDESBOROUGH, K.C.H., F.S.A.
Treasurer.
GEORGE H. VIRTUE, ESQ., F.S.A.
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Secretaries.
JOHN EVANS, ESQ., F.S.A.
R. STUART POOLK, ESQ., M.R.S.L.
Foreign Secretary.
J. Y. AKHRMAN, ESQ., F.S.A., Hon. M.R.S.L.
Librarian.
J. WILLIAMS, ESQ.
Members of the Council.
E. CLIVB BAYLEY, ESQ., H.E.I.C.S.
J. B. BBRGNE, ESQ., F.S.A.
W. BOYNK, ESQ., F.S.A.
F. W. FAIRHOLT, ESQ., F.S.A.
EDWARD HAWKINS, ESQ., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.L.S.
DR. J.OKWE.
W. H. MORLBY, ESQ., F.R.A.S.
EDMUND OLDFIELD, ESQ., M.A., M.R.S.L.
J. G. PFISTKR, ESQ.
C. ROACH SMITH, ESQ., F.S.A.
EDWARD THOMAS, ESQ., H.E.I.C.S.
H. H. WILSON, ESQ., F.R.S., President R. A.S., and Boden Professor
of Sanscrit, Oxford.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 31
SESSION 185758.
NOVEMBER 19, 1857.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The following Presents, received during the recess, were laid
upon the table, and thanks were ordered to be returned to the re-
spective donors.
PRESENTED BY
Bulletin de 1' Academic Royale des Sciences *
des Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique. /
Tome XXII. 2nde Tartie, 1855. f TnE AcA MY -
Tome XXIII. l ere & 2 nde Partie, 1856.
Annuaires de I'Acad^mie Royale de Belgique, ) n
for 1856 and 1857. )
Recherches sur les Monnaies des Comtes de ]
Hainault. Par Renier Chalon. Troisieme > THE AUTHOR.
Supplement, 1857. )
Anciens Jetons et M^reaux. Par Renier ) ,
Chalon, 1857. f
Quelques Monnaies Seigneuriales In^dites. j
Par Renier Chalon, 1857. j
Deux Jetons inedites. Par Renier Chalon,
1857.
Pieces & retrouver. Par Renier Chalon. DITTO.
Le Pere Andr^ et Charles de Quens, Notices )
Biographiques. Par A. Charma. 1857. j
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
PRESKNTED BY
Memoires de la Socie'te des Antiquaires de )
Normandie. 3 me Serie, 2 nde Vol. l ere and > THE SOCIETY.
2 nde Livraisons, 1856 and 1857. )
Collectanea Antiqua ; or, Etchings and No- ]
tices of Ancient Remains. By Charles > THE AUTHOR.
Roach Smith. Vol. V. Part I. )
Colonel Sir Henry Rawlinson, K.C.B., exhibited fourteen gold
oriental coins lately discovered at Se'istan, and belonging chiefly to
a dynasty which ruled in that country.
Mr. Evans exhibited a so-called imitation of the Israelitish
shekel, now on sale in many shops in London ; and commented on
the fact that an imitation of a barefaced forgery, accompanied by a
printed description of it, full of the most ludicrous inaccuracies,
was so readily palmed upon the public. The piece in question is an
ill-executed copy, in white metal, of the spurious shekel with the
ordinary modern Hebrew characters.
Mr. Vaux read a paper on coins discovered at Susa, by W. K.
Loftus, Esq. These were of the early Mohammadan period, and
were discovered during recent excavations upon the largest of the
mounds at Susa, which covers the remains of a palace once
inhabited, if not originally constructed, by Xerxes, the king of
Persia. The coins, about 1 70 in number, were, when found, in an
earthen pot, which was broken by the workmen, from whom the
coins t were, with some difficulty, recovered. Many adhered
together through oxidation, so that 110 only could be separated;
but of these, fifty-two bear dates or places of mintage new to the
previous collection in the Museum.
The earliest coin in the collection is of Abd-el-melek ibn Marwan,
the sixth Khaleefeh of the House of Ommiah, and the eleventh in
descent from Mohammad. He was the first to strike the ordinary
Dirhem; and, as the earliest date that has hitherto been met
with on Kufic coins, is A.H. 78 or A.D. 696-7, it is curious to find
on one of these so early a date as A.H. 79. The following is a list
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 33
of the towns where the coins were struck, and the dates upon
them :
Damascus . . . A.H. 79, 82, 83, 84, 86, 100, 105, 106.
Busval .... 80, 82, 87.
Waset .... 88, 94, 99, 105, 106.
Sus (Susa) ... 90.
Rhey 90.
Herat 90.
Teimar .... 91.
Shapur .... 91, 92, 94.
Istakr (Persepolis) . 91.
Sedjestan (Sei'stan) . 92.
Darabjerd ... 92, 97.
Dschey .... 92, 94.
Merv 93.
Kirman .... 95.
Kufa 101.
Mahi 106.
The inscriptions on the dirhems do not differ from those already
known and engraved in Marsden. It was suggested as that the
hoard was originally deposited by some soldier who had followed
in the course of Muhammedan conquest, from the commencement
of the war, as the variety of names of towns and the dates upon the
coins renders probable.
Mr. Evans read some notes upon a barbarous coin, struck in
imitation of those of Helena, casts of which were forwarded for
exhibition by Mr. Goddard Johnson. It is of gold, weighing
52 grs., and was found at Chapel-hill, in Markshall, a hamlet to
Caistor, the Venta Icenorum, well-known as prolific of Roman
remains. On the Obv. is the head of Helena, with braided hair,
and embroidered collar, with the legend 3? EILE1IA 3? AVGVE-
TEV for HELENA AUGUSTA, and on the Rev. is the legend TNPH
^, EATA THRANQVILT NOC, apparently intended to stand for
F
ftt PROCEEDINGS OF THE
'IVmporum Beata Tranquillitas Const. ; and, in the centre, within
S
a wreath IGEN probably derived from the SIC. V. SIC. X. on
X
the coins of Constans. Though Ibis coin is of gold, the devices
and legends seem to have been derived from third brass coins rather
than from gold. Its date is of very difficult determination; but it
was considered by Mr. Evans to belong to the interval that elapsed
between the cessation of the Roman occupation of this country,
and the establishment of anything like a Saxon coinage in England.
Tt was considered by Air. Webster as not improbably struck in
Gaul.
DKCEMBER 17, 1857.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The following present was announced, and laid upon the table :
Epigraphisches, by Dr. C. L. Grotefend.
1. Ein Stempel eines Romischen Augenarzts (a stamp of a
Roman oculist). 2. Norica. Hanover, 1857. From Dr. Lee.
Capt. R. Murchison, of Bath, was balloted for, and elected a
member of the Society.
Admiral Smyth exhibited, by the hands of Dr. Lee, a silver
medal, by Kirk, of Hugh, First Duke of Northumberland, struck on
the occasion of Alnwick Castle being restored in 1766. On the
obverse is the portrait of the Duke, and a view of the castle on
the reverse.
The Rev. W. H. Black exhibited, also through Dr. Lee, a silver-
gilt medal, struck to commemorate the raising of the siege of
Lej den, after five months' duration, in 1574, which was effected by
the Prince of Orange cutting the dykes, and thus inundating the
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. OO
besieging force of Spaniards. On the obverse is a view of Jeru-
salem with the angel of death coming down amidst the encamp-
ment of Assyrians in the foreground. Above is the legend, VT
SANHERIB A IERVSALEM 2 REG. 19. On the reverse is
shown Leyden, with the Spaniards retreating to their boats, and the
legend SIC HISPA. A LEYD. NOCTV FVG. 3 Oct. 1574. The
medal will be found in Bizot's Histoire M&allique de la Republique
de Hollande. Vol. I. p. 27. Ed. 1688.
Mr. Warren of Ixworth, sent for exhibition casts of a curious
foreign sterling, struck in imitation of the long-cross pennies of
Henry III, but with the inscriptions BGRNHARDV on the obverse,
instead of the name of the king, though the reverse reads HGNRI
ONVNDG, as if struck in London. In the centre of the cross is a
small cinquefoil or rose.
It closely resembles one of the coins communicated to the
Society in 1850, by Professor Thomsen, of Copenhagen (Numismatic-
Chronicle, Vol. VIII. p. 67, No. 5) ; but varies in the moneyer's
name and other minor respects. A coin with the name of
B^RNHARDVS conjoined with the word BLOM^NB^RICJ, is
engraved in the Numismatic Chronicle, Vol, XIV. p. 44, and con-
sidered by M. Chalon, who communicated it, to have been struck
at Blumberg, in Alsace. This, however, was not the case, as the
coins were struck under Bernard, Count of Lippe, in the Duchy of
Westphalia ; one of the chief towns in whose county was
Blomberg.
Captain Murchison communicated a paper on three unique
gold coins of Edward VI, lately added to his collection; and offered
to present an engraving of them to the Society.
The first is a gold crown of the first coinage of Edward VI.
Obv. RVTILANS ROSA SINE SPINE. A rose crowned
between E.R. crowned M.M. an arrow.
GR'K' AGL' FRS' Z HIB' R^X. Shield with th,-
Royal Arms, crowned between J?.i\. crowned. 1V1.M. \
pellet within a circle, weight 46 grs.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
The second is also a crown with the obverse from the same die
as the first, but on the reverse, EDWARD' 6 D'G AG'FR' Z HIB
REX. Shield with the Royal Arms, crowned, between E.R.,
crowned, M.M. an Arrow; weight 48 grains. The only coins that
have hitherto been known of the first coinage of Edward VI, are
the half-sovereign and half-crown, to which the crown must now
be added. The first piece is very remarkable, from a die of the
37th year of Henry VIII, having been employed for the coinage of
his son. The mint-mark of the arrow occurs on both the half-
sovereign and half-crown, as well as on these crowns.
The third piece is a pattern for a half-sovereign of the third year
of Edward VI.
Obv. EDWARD' VI. D.G. ANGL. FRA. Z. HIB. REX. Large
Bust to the right in armour, crowned. M.M. A Bow.
Rev. EDWARD' VI. D.G. ANGL. FRA. Z. HIBE. REX. The
Royal Arms, in an oval shield, garnished and crowned,
between E.R. M.M. a Bow.
From the mint mark it would appear, that this pattern was struck
at Durham House, in the Strand, under the authority of Sir
Martin Bowes.
A plate of these remarkable pieces, kindly presented by Captain
Murchison, will illustrate his account of them in the Chronicle.
Mr. Evans communicated an account of another coin, of the time
of Stephen, but bearing the name of PERERIEr or Wereric, instead
of that of the king. These coins had first been noticed by
Mr. Rashleigh, Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. XII. p. 138, who has
engraved two specimens, with the moneyer's name Godricus on Lu.
A second variety was exhibited to the Society, (Proc. 1850-51,
p. 5), with the moneyer's name, RAMVN-NIEOL, and a third
had been pointed out by the writer, in the Museum Collection,
(Numismatic Chronicle. XIV. p. 153), with the moneyer's name
PILLEM NP, apparently struck at Warwick or Norwich. The coin
now brought forward was found at Lincoln, and gives a fourth
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 37
moneyer's name, . .ARD ON NI EO possibly R1CARD ON NICOL,
or Lincoln. The type of all four varieties, is that of Stephen ; Hawkins,
270. Though apparently struck by an Earl of Warwick, nothing
is known of their origin.
Mr. Evans read a paper by the late Dr. W. H. Scott, commu-
nicated by his Executor, Mr. Sim, upon a large brass coin of
Maximinus, but bearing the portrait of one of the African Gordians.
The type of the reverse is that of VICTORIA AVG with the
running Victory, with garland and palm branch. Dr. Scott made
some suggestions as to the means of accounting for the appearance
of the portrait of one Emperor, with the name and titles of another.
The paper will be printed in extenso in the Numismatic Chronicle.
JANUARY 28, 1858.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Vaux read a paper, on some Gold Oriental coins of Selstan,
lately procured by Colonel Sir H. C. Rawlinson, in which he pointed
out the rarity of the local money of this province, and stated, that
no specimens, so far as he was aware, had as yet been published
of this class.
Almost all those exhibited in illustration of the paper, belonged to
a ruler named Kholf ben Ahmed, who governed that district of Asia
towards the close of the fourth century of the Hejra, and who was,
after a long and gallant resistance, ultimately conquered by the
celebrated Mahmud of Ghazna.
38
PROCEEDINGS OF 1111
LIBRARY COMMITTEE,
GUILDHALL
FEBRUARY 25, 1858.
W. S. W. VAUX., ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :-
PRESENTED BY
From the Corporation of London, through
Sergeant Merewether, a bronze Medallion,
struck in commemoration of the visit of the
Emperor and Empress of the French to the
City of London, April 19th, 1855. On the
obverse are the busts of the Emperor and
Empress, three quarter face, and the inscrip-
tion, NAPOLEON III, ET EUGENIA, GAL-
LORUM IMPERATORET IMPERATRIX. That on
the reverse is CONCORDES SERVAT AMICITIA.
LoNDiNiRECEPTi, 19ApRiL, 1855,thedevice
being an allegorical group of Britannia,
presenting France to the City of London.
The engraver is Mr. B. Wyon.
The History of Wisconsin, Vol. I. and III. ) FROM THE STATE His-
Madison the Capital of Wisconsin, and other > TORICAL SOCIETY OF
Publications. ) WISCONSIN.
Revue de la Numismatique Beige. 3 me Serie,
Vol. I. 4 ieme Livraison.
Meraoires de la Societe des Antiquaires de
1'Ouest; for 1856.
Bulletins de la Soci6te des Antiquaires de
TOuest. Parts 3 and 4, 1856 ; and 1 to 4,
1857.
Memoires de la Societe Imperiale de 1'Emula-
tion d' Abbeville. 1852 It 57. 1 Vol.
8vo.
Antiques Celtiques. Vol. II, by M. Boucher
de Perthes.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
OF BELGIUM.
THE SOCIETY.
DITTO.
THE AUTHOR.
\( MISMATIC SOCIETY. 39
PRESENTED BY
Numismatic and other Crumbs. By Richard 1
Sainthill. Privately printed. 1858. j
Publications de la Societe Royale Grande j
Ducale du Grande Duche de Luxembourg, > THE SOCIETY.
Vol. XII. 1856. )
Colonel Tobin Bush, late H. E. I. C. S. was balloted for and elected
a Member of the Society.
READ. 1. A paper by the late Dr. W. H. Scott, on the attribution
of a small silver coin to the Sindi ; a Caucasian tribe inhabiting the
coasts of the Black Sea, and the first heights of the Caucasus. The
coin in question is described as follows:
Obv. Head of Hercules, with lion's skin to the right.
Rev. SINAiiN. Head of a horse to the right in an indented
square. M. A Diobolus.
The absence of the 2 from the first specimen discovered, had
rendered its attribution uncertain; but a coin described in the
Bulletin Scientifique de Fe"russac, Vol. XVII. p. 28, and discovered
in the Isle of Taman, completed the legend and fixed the attri-
bution.
2. A paper also by Dr. Scott, on some unpublished Roman
Coins.
1. Of Tiberius.
Obv. TI. CAESAR. AVGVS. F. JMPER. Laureated head to
the right.
Rev. S.C. Minerva to the right, protecting herself with her
shield, and about to throw a javelin. JE 2. A reverse of
Claudius.
2. Tiberius.
Obv. TI . CAESAR . DIVI . AVG . F . AVGVSTVS. Laureated
head to the right.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Rev. PONT . MAX . TRIE VN . POT, Tiberius seated on a
curule chair, holding out a garland. In exergue, S.C.
JE. 3.
Suggested to have been struck on his bestowing the crown of
Parthia on Phraates or Tiridates.
3. Nero.
Obv. NERO. CLAVD. CAESAR. AVG. GERM. Retrograde.
Bare head to right, more resembling Mark Antony than
Nero.
Tfo;. CER QVIN. The table, with urn and garland as usual.
below, S.C. M. 3.
Remarkable for its retrograde legend and singular portrait.
4. Vespasian.
Obv. IMP . VESP . AVG. Laureated head to left.
Rev. PON.TR.POT. Winged Caduceus. M. 3.
Supposed to have been struck at Antioch, but possibly has been
a plated coin.
5. Titus.
Obv. IMP.T.VESP. -OS VIII. Helmeted head to right.
Rev. S.C. in a garland. ^E. 4,
An unpublished variety.
3. A paper by Mr. Vaux, on the coins of Characene, a small
district near the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris, and nearly
corresponding with the district now called Khuzistan. The names
of the Princes of whom coins are known are as follows :
Apodacus.
Tirseus.
Attambilus I.
Adinnigaus.
Attambilus II.
Monneses.
and Meredates and his queen Uiphoba, though Mr. Vaux considers
that some of these attributions are still uncertain ; the coins extend
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 41
over a period from about B.C. 70, to A.D 150, and occur both in
silver and copper.
Mr. Vaux' paper will appear in full in the Numismatic Chronicle.
MARCH 25, 1858.
W S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The following Presents were announced, and thanks were
ordered to be returned to their respective donors.
The Law of Treasure-trove. How can it best ]
be adapted to accomplish useful results ? > THE AUTHOR.
By A. Henry Rhind, F.S.A.
Notes on the Medals of Leonard C. Wyon ; j
and a plate of a suggested type for our > K. SAINTHILL, ESQ.
Indian coinage. )
Collectanea Antiqua, Vol. V. Part II. By ) _
^-i -n -L. a -ii? f THE AUTHOR.
C. Roach Smith. }
Mr. Warren, of Ixworth, communicated a cast of a gold Mero-
vingian coin lately found on the coast of Norfolk. It is very
similar in type to one engraved in the Numismatic Chronicle,
Vol. VI. p. 171, No. 27, and its weight is 19 grains.
Mr. Boyne exhibited some fine bronze medallions of Faustina the
Younger, Commodus and Verus, Numerianus and Carinus.
Mr. Evans exhibited a cast of a gold coin of Tasciovanus of the
type of Hawkins, No. 11, found in the Victoria Park ; and also a
gold coin of the same prince but inscribed, TASCIO RICON,
lately found at St. Ives, Hunts. Its type is that of Num. Chron.
Vol. III. p. 152, No. 1. The horseman on each of the coins is
apparently armed with a cuirass, formed of a number of bosses,
which tends to show that the two coins are of precisely the same
period.
I'J PllOCEEDINGS OF TUE
Mr. Evans then read a paper upon two copper coins lately
acquired by the British Museum, and reported to have been found
in Suffolk. On the obverse of each is a long, hexagonal ornament,
enclosing two crescents back to back, the legend on one being VER
(retrograde) BOD and on the other VRE (also retrograde) BOD.
On the reverse of the first is a horseman armed with a spear, and
on the other, merely a horse, the legend on both being TASCIA.
Mr. Roach Smith had called the attention of the Society to a
similar coin in 1850 ; but the legend was at that time read as
VRE RCI, which these coins serve to correct. Mr. Evans con-
sidered them to have been struck under Tasciovanus, and threw
out a suggestion that their place of mintage was a town of the
name of Verbodunum, of which no record has been preserved in
history. This hypothesis is supported by the analogy of the coins
on which the names of the towns Verulamium and Segontium
appear in conjunction with that of Tasciovanus, and also by there
being already known such places as Verometum, Viroconium, Cam-
bodunum, Maridunura, etc. There is also a record of a goddess
Verbeia having been worshipped in Britain ; and if Camulodunum
was so called in honour of the Celtic divinity Camulus, Verbodu-
num (if such a place ever existed) may have been so called in
honour of the goddess Verbeia.
Mr. Evans's paper, with a plate of the coins, will be found in the
Numismatic Chronicle.
APRIL 22, 1858.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Evans exhibited one of the very rare half-groats of the
37th year of Henry VIII., with the legend REDDE CVIQ ^ QD
SVVM EST around the royal arms on the reverse M.M. a bow.
The only other specimen known is that in the collection of the
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 43
Rev. J. Martin engraved in Hawkins, No. 410, from which the
present specimen differs in several minor details, the legend of the
obverse being HENRIC. 8. D.G. AGL FRA Z HI REX.
A communication was read from Dr. L. Miiller, Inspector of the
Royal Danish cabinet of coins, containing some remarks on a tetra-
drachm of Alexander the Great, cited by the late Dr. W. H. Scott,
pp. 221, 222, Vol. XIX., of the Numismatic Chronicle, and
assigned by him to Aradus. Dr. Miiller, on the contrary, shows
good grounds for supposing the coin in question to have been
struck at Melitcea, in Thessaly.
Dr. Miiller's paper, together with a notice of his lately published
" Numismatique d' Alexander le Grand," and " Die Miinzen des
Thracischen Konig's Lysimachus," will be found in the Chronicle.
Mr. Goddard Johnson sent for exhibition the gold coin struck in
imitation of those of Helena, to which attention had already been
called on the 19th of Nov. last. From a paper by Mr. Hudson
Turner, in Notes and Queries, Vol. I. p. 100, it appears, that the
Moncta Sanctae Helenae was known in the middle ages as a specific
against the " morbum comitialem," or epilepsy ; and it was sug-
gested that possibly this piece had been struck as an amulet.
MAY 26, 1858.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were laid upon the table, and thanks were
ordered to be returned to their respective donors :
Catalogue du Cabinet des Monnaies et Me- \
dailies Russes appartenant au General de ( RUSSIAN EMBASSY AT
Vlnfanterie T. F. Schubert. l cre Partie ( STUTTQABDT.
Monnaies, 4to. Carlsruhe, 1857. )
11 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
PRESENTED BY
Descriptive Catalogue of the Beaufoy Cabinet J TlIE LIBRARY COM-
of London Tokens. 2nd Edition. 8vo. > MITTEE OF THE
JOCK I CORPORATION.
H. G. Blackraore, Esq., was elected a member of the Society.
Mr. Boyne exhibited an unpublished shilling of Henry VIII.,
coined at Bristol.
Obv. Full-faced bust of the king with the legend
HENRIC' 8' D' G' HGL' FR7T. X HIB REX.
Rev. A rose crowned between the letters; H. R. also crowned,
the legend being CIVITAS BRISTOLIE, with three triple florets
before each word. M. M. WS in monogram. It was, therefore,
struck at the time when William Sharrington was chief officer of the
mint at Bristol. Groats, half-groats, and pennies issued from
thence are well known ; but no Bristol shillings have as yet been
described in any of the works on the English coinage. Mr. Boyne's
coin is probably of the fourth coinage, or that of the ,36th year of
Henry VIII., being identical, in all respects, with the London
testoon of that year, except in the name of the town and the mint
mark.
Dr. Lee exhibited some coins found in a bog, near Sligo, in
Ireland, being a short-cross penny of Henry III., and a St. Patrick's
farthing, both of ordinary types.
Dr. Loewe exhibited a Turkish piastre of A.H. 1223=A.D. 1806,
which he considered to have been struck during the short usurpa-
tion of power by Mustapha IV., who was elevated by the Janissa-
ries to the throne of Turkey in that year.
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
i.
ON A GOLD COIN OF EPATICCUS.
[Read before the Numismatic Society, May 21st, 1857.]
BY the kindness of our esteemed member, Mr. Whitbourn,
of Godalming, I am enabled to call the attention of the
Society to one of the most remarkable coins of the ancient
British series, which it has lately been his good fortune to
add to his collection. The coin, was, I believe, found some-
where in the neighbourhood of Guildford, but the exact
locality is not known, the present state of the law of
treasure-trove having probably induced the finder to con-
ceal all particulars of the place of finding. It is of red
gold, weighing 82 grs., of exceedingly fine work, and in the
highest state of preservation.
On the obverse, or convex side of the coin (that on which
VOL. XX. B
2 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the representative of the wreath of the head on the Mace-
donian staters usually appears), is an ear of bearded corn,
very similar to that on the ordinary gold coins of Cunobe-
line, but instead of the legend CAMV, we find TASCI F in
one line across the field.
On the reverse is a spirited figure of a naked horseman
prancing to the right ; on the left arm he bears a large
oval shield, and in the right brandishes a short lance or staff.
Around runs the legend EPATICCV, or, not improbably,
EPATICCUS, the final S being joined on to, and probably
unintentionally forming part of, the tail of the horse. The
whole within a grained border.
Before considering the attribution of this coin, and the
information to be gathered from its inscription and types,
it will be well to make some remarks upon another point
of interest attaching to it, which arises, I may say, from a
source extraneous to the coin itself. To numismatists of
the present day the type is entirely unknown ; or, more
properly, no similar coin was known to be in existence at
the time when Mr. Whitbourn's coin was discovered. And
yet, upwards of 200 years ago, in the dawn of antiquarian
knowledge in this country, not only was the type known
and published, but engravings were made from two speci-
mens, one apparently in fine preservation, and the other,
probably, rather abraded, as a variation is made in the
legend. This latter was engraved by Camden, and is the ninth
coin in Philemon Holland's Translation of the Britannia,
in the edition of 1637, but it also probably appears in still
earlier editions. He gives the devices pretty correctly, but
makes the legend TASCI E and CEARATIC, and gives the
following description of the coin : " The ninth, wherein is
represented a horseman with spear and shield, and these
letters in scatteringwise CAERATiC 1 would deeme to be a
ON A GOLD COIN OF EPATICCUS. 3
coine of tbat warlike prince, Caractacus, whose praises
Tacitus highly extolleth."
This engraving was copied in various later editions, but
in that of Gough of 1806, it is expunged as not then known ;
and, wonderful to relate, a coin of Carissa in Hispania
Bsetica is made to take its place among the ancient British
coins in its stead. Camden's version of the coin was also
copied by that romantic and credulous antiquary, Pegge,
in whose work on the coins of Cunobeline it figures as
No. 2 in Class VI. It is also given by Stukeley, PI. XII.,
No. 5. but the inscription is made CARATIC, the better to
suit its supposed attribution to Caractacus.
In Speed's Chronicle, however, pp.34 and 61, Ed. 1623,
is a more accurate engraving, and apparently from a better
specimen it might, in fact, have been made from the coin
now before us ; but though it gives the legend of the re-
verse as EPATICA, yet " by the scattered letters therein
inscribed, it was by the judicious observers of such ancient
monies supposed to be of Caractacus. " I need not at the
present day trouble you with any remarks on the fallacious-
ness of such an attribution, but would instance the re-
appearance of this type, to shew, that the existence of a
coin published by our early chroniclers, is not to be denied
merely because the type is not at present known, and also
to shew that we need never despair of such coins again
coming to light. So convinced had I been of the probability
of the existence of this type, that I had inserted it in a
catalogue of ancient British coins I have in course of pre-
paration, in company with that reading DIAS. in the centre
of two interlaced squares, a specimen of which still remains
to be found, which I hope Mr. Whitbourn's or my own
researches may yet be able to produce.
But to return to the coin of Epaticcus. There can be no
4 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
doubt that this name is identical with that which appears in
the more abbreviated form EPATI, upon the small silver
coins, with the head of Hercules in the lion's skin on the
obverse, and the eagle standing on a snake, on the reverse,
which have also been found in the neighbourhood of Guild-
ford. The completion of the legend on the gold coin, and
the absence of anything that could possibly be mistaken for
a K upon it, shews how egregious was the. error committed
by a modern writer on British coins in converting the paws
of the lion into a K, and then by regarding the other letters
as Greek, making the legend KEPAT, and therefore attri-
buting the coins to Caractacus.
In like manner, the reading of the name of " Mepati "
upon these coins must now be given up, even by non-
antiquarian readers ; and Mr. Martin Tupper, in the next
edition of his poems, must convert " young Mepati " into
Epaticcus, and also considerably modify his chronology, in
order to bring it in accordance with the data given by this
newly discovered coin, as we shall subsequently see.
The desire to identify a coin as being one of Caractacus,
is, however, in a measure excusable, as we have all heard
of Caractacus and his heroic deeds and magnanimous
speeches from our earliest childhood, but who has heard of
Epaticcus ?
'' Vixere fortes ante Caractacum
Multi ; sed omnes illacrymabiles
Urgeutur, ignotique longa
Nocte, carent quia vate sacro."
Who and what he was, we must seek to discover from
these coins, and this, like that of " what song the Sirens
sang, or what name Achilles assumed when he hid himself
among women, though a puzzling question, is not beyond
all conjecture."
ON A GOLD COIN OF EPATICCUS. 6
As to the period at which he lived, there can be but little
doubt, the type of the obverse of the gold coin, even to the
number of grains upon the ear of corn, and the shape of the
leaflets on its slem, being exactly similar to that of the com-
mon gold coins of Cunobeline. In the same manner, the
horseman on the reverse is exactly similar to that on the
copper coins of the same prince (Num. Chron.Vol.xviii. p. 36,
Rud. PI. V. 29), even to the shape of the shield and the short
dart, staff or javelin. The workmanship is also similar, and
the weight the same as that of coins of Cunobeline. But
the legend of the obverse not only fixes the coin to this
same period, but also shews the relationship that existed
between Cunobeline and Epaticcus ; that they were, in
fact, brothers. There can, at the present time, be but
little doubt that the legend Tasciovani F. has been rightly
interpreted by Mr. Birch as Tasciovani Filius, the son of
Tasciovanus ; and this coin, while it shews that Epaticcus
was, like Cunobeline, a son of Tasciovanus, at the same
time corroborates this interpretation of the legend
Tasci. F.
The number and importance of the coins on which the
name of Tasciovanus appears by itself, shews that he must
have been a prince of great note, whose reign was also
probably of some duration. From his coins we may gather
that his principal city was Verulam, while on the coins of
Cunobeline, the name of that town ceases to appear; and
we find upon them only that of Camulodunum, in its stead.
This change in the seat of empire has always appeared as
a difficulty in adopting the hypothesis, that Cunobeline was
the son and successor of Tasciovanus, as if so, it is but
reasonable to suppose that his coins would have been issued
from the same mint. If, however, we consider, as it now
appears we are authorized to do, that Tasciovanus had two
6 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
sons, between whom at his death his kingdom was divided,
and that Cunobeline had the Eastern, while Epaticcus
inherited the Western part of his domains, we may readily
imagine both sons as strenuously challenging the title of
Tasciovani Filius, upon their coins ; and also see a reason
for Cunobeline transferring the seat of his power to a more
eastern town than Verulam. Or, again, we may assume
that Cunobeline was left as his father's successor in nearly
the whole of his domains, and that the transference of his
mint from Verulam to Camulodunum, arose from his con-
quest of the latter place; and that Epaticcus was left as
prince over a single tribe, or else was chosen by some tribes
who may have revolted from Cunobeline, or have formerly
been under some other chief unknown to history, as their
ruler; under which circumstances he would still have
challenged the title of Tasciovani Filius, both as wishing to
show his descent from so illustrious a chief, and also as
claiming equality with the more widely ruling Cunobeline,
What was the name of the tribe over which he ruled, we
will shortly try to discover ; but I must premise that these
are of course the merest speculations, and I must claim
your forbearance for having indulged in them. I think,
however, that when we find some three apparently con-
temporary princes, with the title Com. F. upon their coins,
and know from history that there was a distinguished
British prince of the name of Commius ; and when we
also find coins of two contemporary princes with the title
of Tasciovani F. upon their coins, and gather from other
coins that there was a well-known ruler of the name
of Tasciovanus, it may be regarded as an almost esta-
blished fact, that the F. in these formulas represents Filius,
as it would have done upon Roman coins of the same
period.
ON A GOLD COIN OP EPATICCUS. 7
Of the name of the tribes over which Epaticcus ruled, or
that of his chief town we know nothing certain, it would,
however, appear from the locality where alone, as far as our
knowledge at present goes, his coins have been found, that
the western parts of Surrey formed part of his domain. If,
however, as has been supposed, and that with much pro-
bability, the capital of the Segontiaci Vindonum was near
Farnham, and the coins of Tasciovanus, with the name of
Sego. upon them, were struck at this place ; it would
appear probable, that Epaticcus .succeeded his father as
ruler of the Segontiaci, and probably of no other tribes, as
from the scarcity of his coins, his domain must either have
been very limited, or the duration of his reign very short.
The Segontiaci are mentioned among the tribes who sub-
mitted to Caesar, whose capital city, Vindonum (as Camden
says), dropped its own name and took that of the nation, as
Lutetia took that of the Parisii. It was called by the
Britons, Caer Segont, q. d., the city of the Segontiaci, and
so it is called by Nennius, in his catalogue ; and whether
Caer Segont was at Silchester, as Camden places it, or at
Farnham, as Horsley, with greater probability, suggests, it
is sufficiently near the place of finding of these coins to
justify me in submitting to you the hypothesis that
Epaticcus succeeded his father Tasciovanus, as the ruler
of the Segontiaci.
It now only remains to make a few remarks upon the
name of this prince, which bears no great analogy to that
of any other British prince, whether recorded in history, or
merely known by his coins. We find, however, consider-
able resemblance to the former part of the name, in the
Gaulish Epasnactus (or Epad of coins), and Eporedorix,
mentioned by Caesar. The final ticcus, is to be found in
the name of Casticus, a prince of the Sequani, mentioned
8 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
by Caesar; and in Suticcos, a name which appears on
Gaulish coins. As to the meaning of the name Epaticcus,
and no doubt it originally possessed some signification, I
will not venture a conjecture, but leave it to those who have
more knowledge of the ancient British tongue, and more
confidence in its application.
It is sufficient for me to have enrolled the name of
Epaticcus on the list of British Princes, who struck coins,
and to have offered a few suggestions as to his parentage
and territory.
JOHN EVANS.
II.
RECHERCHES SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE JUDAIQUE.
PAR F. DB
As the subject of the Jewish coinage has hitherto hardly
received the attention it deserves in the pages of the Numis-
matic Chronicle, 2 1 think that a review, or rather, an abstract
1 Paris, 1854, Didot Freres.
8 It is lamentable to see the gross ignorance that still exists
on the subject of Jewish coins, among what may be considered
the well-informed classes, as testified by the so-called imitation
of the Jewish shekel, now sold in such numbers in London.
This ill-fabricated copy of the spurious shekel, with the Assyrian
or ordinary Hebrew characters upon it, is said, in the description
given with each specimen, to be '' a correct copy and representa-
tion of the old Hebrew money (from an original, which can be
seen at Messrs. Pinches and Co.'s, Medallists, &c., 27, Oxendon-
street), current during the life time of our Saviour, for thirty
pieces of which He was betrayed by Judas Iscariot." It would
be hard to imagine a more gross concatenation of absurdities and
RECHERCHES SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE JUDAlQUE. 9
or resume of one of the latest Continental works upon the
subject, accompanied by a few remarks upon the views
therein advanced, will not be altogether unacceptable to
its readers, even should they possess the book itself, from
which the following pages may almost be considered as
extracts : The Kecherches sur la Numismatique Juda'ique,
of M. F. De Saulcy. Its author has had many opportuni-
ties of acquiring an intimate knowledge of this class of
coins, his own extensive collection having been partly formed
during his travels in the East, and partly by additions made
of coins discovered at Jerusalem, which he has been able
to obtain through the connexion he formed when there, with
the resident dealers in coins.
The Plates which illustrate his work, twenty in number,
give representations of nearly 200 coins, and comprise not
only the Jewish coins proper, or those with Samaritan
inscriptions, but also those of the Idumsean rulers, and
the Imperial coins relating to, or rather struck in, Judea.
The execution of the Plates is remarkably good, and they
appear to contain very faithful representations of the coins.
M. De Saulcy divides the series of Jewish coins into the
following classes, all of which I intend slightly to notice^
and where his classification differs from that of Bayer,
and others, to adduce and discuss some of his reasons for
suggesting a novel arrangement.
1st EPOCH.
Autonomous coins, struck during the reign of Alexander
the Great.
falsehoods yet the thing sells. Populus vult decipi et dedpi-
etur ; but if they must be taken in, let it be by something with
merely the pleasant admixture of a lie, and not false altogether.
VOL. XX. C
10 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2nd EPOCH.
Coins of the Asmonean Princes.
3rd EPOCH.
Coins struck during the revolt of the Jews, including
those of Simon Barcochab.
With regard to those of the first Epoch, M. De Saulcy
places under this head : ,~
1st. The shekels of a thick fabric, with the inscription
Plfc^np D7&y < n < ' (Jerusalem the Holy}, and the flowering
rod of Aaron (or a lilyj on the obverse ; and 7tf ISJ^ 7pfc?
(Shekel of Israel), with the cup-shaped vase on the reverse,
and, above, the numeral N.
2nd. The half shekel, with the same types, except that
it reads on the reverse 7p^H ^H (Half the Shekel).
3rd and 4th. The shekel and half shekel, with the same
inscriptions and types, except that a * is inserted in D v?1"V
and the article H before fl&SHp; and that they have the
letters 2 ' W for 3'J"0&?, the second year, above the cup.
This dualizing of the name of Jerusalem is very remark-
able, and has not been satisfactorily accounted for.
5th. A similar shekel, but with >?, the third year.
6th. A copper coin, rather larger than the shekel.
Obv. |VX rx: The redemption of Sion. A palm-tree
between two baskets.
Rev. *n ymx JW The fourth year half. A fir-cone, or
fruit of the palm between two " loulabs " or
bundles of branches, such as were carried at the
feast of tabernacles.
7th. A similarly inscribed coin, but the I egend of the
reverse terminating JT31 (a quarter), as being half the
preceding. On the obverse is a cone, and on the reverse
two loulabs.
RECHERCHES SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE JUDAlQUE. 11
8th. Copper coins inscribed JV H/frO?, with a vase
similar to that on the shekels; and on the reverse ^SIN fO^,
the fourth year, and the loulab between two fir-cones.
Now all these coins have hitherto been considered to have
been struck under Simon Maccabanis, or about 140 B.C. ;
but M. de Saulcy carries them back to a much earlier
period, viz., the pontificate of Yaddous, or Jaddus, or Jad-
dua, about 330 B.C.
His reasons for thus classifying and assigning them, may
be thus summed up. That the proup which consists of
coins of silver, struck during the first three years, and of
copper, during the fourth, by the conformity of style, type
and letters, is shown to be one ; and that the coins all
belong to the same period, which is evidently anterior to
that of the Asmonsean Princes. What that era was, he
attempts to determine in the following manner.
The Jews, under the Persian rule, could have had no
right of striking autonomous coins ; indeed, it appears, that
what coins were struck by the last satraps at Samaria,
were of the Persian system, with Phoenico-Persian types.
It is, therefore, vain to seek for coins of purely Jewish types
of the period when they were under the Achsemenian
rule.
That, on the submission of Judaea to Alexander, he
accorded to the petition of Yaddous, permission for the
Jews to govern themselves by the laws of their fathers; and
that such was, in fact, autonomy, and included the privilege
of striking their own coins. That, soon after the death of
Alexander, Jerusalem fell into the hands of Ptolemy Soter,
and was again despoiled of its autonomous rights ; and that
it was during this brief period of their freedom, that these
coins were struck; and their dates are the years of the
autonomy of the Jews. That it may be shown from history
12 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
that there was no period of freedom for the Jews, or Jeru-
salem, from the time of Ptolemy Soter till the liberation of
Jerusalem, under Judas Maccabseus, when a purely Jewish
coinage could have existed. That the Jewish shekel was
exactly equivalent to the tetradrachm of the Egyptian
standard, and that the weights of these shekels correspond
in a remarkable manner with that of the tetradrachm of
Ptolemy Soter, being in both cases, about 216 grs.
Such are the reasons given by M. de Saulcy, for his
attribution of this class of coins to the era of Yaddous ;
and they certainly have some weight, as the appearance
and fabric of the shekels assuredly point to an earlier
period than that usually assigned them. There are, how-
ever, objections to M. de Saulcy's theory, which it will be
well to mention. Though there may be some difficulty in
determining the interval that elapsed between the submission
of Yaddous to Alexander, and the treacherous conquest of
Jerusalem by Ptolemy Soter, yet there can be no doubt
that there were many more years between these events than
the four of which we find record on the coins: indeed,
the death of Alexander did not take place until nine years
after his interview with the high priest ; why, then, should
the Jews have struck money during only four of these
years, and why should the coinage of the last year be
exclusively of copper? I must confess, that I very much
doubt the propriety of classing these copper coins with the
shekels, both from the formation of the letters and especi-
ally of the ty, and from the nature of the inscriptions, which
so closely resemble some of those on the coins of Simon
Barcochab. Besides which, these coins are common as
compared with those of silver. The argument from the
weight of the coins does not amount to as much as would
at first sight appear, as some of the shekels of Barcochab
RECHERCHES SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE JUDAlQUE. 13
are of the same weight; still I think there can be no
doubt of the shekels of this class being of an early date,
from their appearance, possibly even antecedent to the age
of Alexander ; and since, from history, there are difficulties
in supposing them to have been struck earlier, we may, with
some degree of safety, adopt M. De Saulcy's era for them.
At the same time it must be confessed, that there is
nothing but their appearance of possessing greater antiquity
which is not always a safe criterion against their
having been struck in the days of Simon Maccabaeus, when,
according to Josephus, the formula " In the first year of
Simon, the benefactor and Ethnarch of the Jews," 3 came
into use in the public records. The shekels with the name
of Simon are not however, by any means to be attributed
to Simon Maccabaeus, as we shall presently see.
We will now take a glance at the coins of the second
Epoch, or those struck by the Asmonean Princes, to which
series M. De Saulcy makes great and important additions,
engraving and describing coins of the following princes.
Judas Maccabaeus . . '.;>' B.C. 164-161
Jonathan . ?J*E * .^ . > , 161-143
John Hyrcanus ><<>. -' - ." .' 135-106
Judas Aristobulus and Antigonus 106-105
Alexander Jannaeus . >* . ; . 105-78
Alexandra . ; . . 78-69
Antigonus . .-'"". ".*. 40-37
These coins are all in brass or copper, and mostly of small
module, those of Antigonus being the only exceptions.
Of Judas Maccaba3us there is but one type given, and
that, perhaps, of rather doubtful attribution, as it is very
like one of the varieties of the coin of Jonathan, and the
3 See also 1 Maccabees, xiii. 42.
14 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
first three letters of the names of Judas, Jonathan and John
are in most cases the same 1!T.
On the obverse, M. de Saulcy reads the inscription Tl!T
D'"1PI7! "Dm 7VT3 |PDn " Judas the Hi h Priest ancl tlie
friend of the Jews," or, I think, possibly, " The society or
community of the Jews." The whole within an olive
wreath. On the reverse, the device is a pomegranate be-
tween two cornuacopiae. There is certainly no reason why
coins of Judas Maccabeeus should not exist ; but I am not
satisfied that those of M. de Saulcy are correctly read.
Of the coins of Jonathan, several specimens are en-
graved, all very nearly resembling the one already de-
scribed, but the inscription being JJ"0* or jHilPP "Jonathan
the High Priest," and " the community of the Jews." The
bi-lingual coins, with the name of Jonathan combined with
that of Alexander, are carried forward by M. de Saulcy to
Alexander Jannaeus.
To Simon Maccabseus, to whom nearly all the Jewish
coins known have hitherto been ascribed, M. de Saulcy is
unable to find grounds for the attribution of any, though
he admits the probability of their existence. We shall see
that he has good reason for this opinion/ when we come to
the consideration of the coins of Simon Barcochab.
The coins of John Hyrcanus closely resemble those of his
predecessors Judas and Jonathan, the legend being usually
onrvn -am hir\ jron prnrv.
Up to this period, the coins of the Maccabees bear purely
Hebrew legends, and their analogy with the coins bearing
the name of Simon which have been usually assigned
to Simon Maccabseus is but slight. It is certainly
remarkable, that no coins of Simon of the type of his
predecessor Jonathan, and his successor John Hyrcanus,
have yet been found ; but there cannot be a doubt of the
RECHERCHES SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE JUDAlQUE. 15
correctness of the reading of the names of these two princes
on these coins, as I can myself testify from specimens in
my own collection.
Ten specimens of John Hyrcanus are engraved by M.
de Saulcy, some of which have a Greek A above the
inscription, which he considers to refer to the alliance of
Hyrcanus with Antiochus Sidetes or Alexander Zebina.
Of the coins of the former, M. de Saulcy engraves two
specimens of copper of the same module as those of John,
and which there is every reason to suppose to have been
struck at Jerusalem (where also they were found). On the
obverse is the anchor of the Seleucidae, with the legend
BASIAEiiS ANTIOXOY EYEPFETOY, and the date AIIP or
BDP 181 and 182 of the Seleucidan era, or 132 and 131
B.C., in which latter year Hyrcanus followed Antiochus in
his disastrous expedition against the Parthians. On the
reverse, is a lily or flower very like that on the coins with
the joint names of Jonathan and Alexander.
The coins attributed to Judas Aristobulus and Antigonus
bear Greek legends, possibly IOYAA : BA2IA with the
pomegranate and cornuacopia?, or else an anchor, on the
obverse, and a star on the reverse ; but their attribution is
rather questionable.
Of the coins of Alexander Jannaeus, there can be but little
doubt. They bear the legend AAE57ANAPOY BASIAEflS
round an anchor on the obverse, and a star within a beaded
circle on the reverse, around which there are some traces
of another inscription. To this prince, M. de Saulcy, fol-
lowing in the steps of Eckhel and Bayer, also attributes
two bi-lingual types, which have been considered as belong-
ing to Jonathan, and as marking his close alliance with
Alexander Bala. These coins give the inscription AAES-
ANAPOY BASIAEiiS round an anchor on the obverse, and,
16 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
on the reverse, a lily or balaustium, with the legend
T?Jbn (Jonathan the King), or else a wheel, amid the spokes
of which the same legend is to be found. M. de Saulcy
gives it as his opinion that these are coins of Alexander
Jannaeus, whose Hebrew name he considers to have been
Jonathan, in the same manner, as we learn from Josephus, 4
that Alexandra's Hebrew name was Salome. There are
good grounds for supposing this to have been the case ; or
at all events good reasons for not assigning them to the
earlier Jonathan. If they are, for instance, to be carried
back to the time of Alexander Bala and Jonathan, probably
the other coins ascribed to Alexander Jannseus must accom-
pany them, and we should have bi-lingual and Greek lettered
coins preceding those with purely Hebrew inscriptions. It is
worthy of remark, that Alexander Jannaeus was the first who
assumed the title of King instead of that of High Priest ; a
fact which is noticed by Strabo, 5 TT^COTO? av& lepecos dveSeigev
eavrov /3acri\ea }4XeavSpo9, and now appears to be borne
out by the coins. The correctness of their attribution to
Jannaeus is, moreover, to a certain extent, supported by
the coin given to Alexandra, his widow, which bears the
legend AAE37ANA BASIAI2 around an anchor on the
obverse, and a star similar to that on the coins of Alex-
ander on the reverse, the type of the obverse being also
identical with that of the bi-lingual coins. This piece was
found at Jerusalem, and appears to give BA2IAIS most
distinctly.
From the character of Alexandra, as 'given by Josephus,
as a woman who showed no signs of the weakness of her
sex, and preferred the power of an imperious dominion
above all things, there is every probability that she should
4 Ant.Jud.l.xiii.c. 12. 5 1. xvi. p. 1085, ed. Ox. 1807.
RECHERCHES STIR LA NUMISMATIQUE JUDA1QTJE. 17
have assumed and exercised the right of coining. It
would be a most satisfactory solution of the question,
whether the coins of Alexander with the Hebrew name of
Jonathan are those of Alexander Jannseus, who was known
as Jonathan by the Jews, if a coin of Alexandra were
found bearing her Hebrew name of Salome on the reverse.
After her death, there is a considerable hiatus in the
Jewish series, no coins being known of Hyrcanus or Aristo-
bulus ; but the coinage reappears, though in a larger module
and bi-lingual, under Antigonus. On the obverse of his
coins we read BASIAEQS ANTIFONOY either within or
around a garland, and on the reverse two cornuacopiae on
the larger coins, and one on the smaller, accompanied by
a rather uncertain Hebrew legend which seems to be
hnSn jrOPl (Pl)KWia " Mattathias the High Priest."
M. de Saulcy, following Barthelemy, is inclined to con-
sider Mattathias as the Hebrew name of Antigonus, rather
than as the name of his great ancestor, placed upon his
coins in order to shew his illustrious descent.
And if this be the case, it strengthens the supposition of
Jonathan having been the Hebrew name of Alexander.
There is, indeed, an a priori improbability in supposing
that these Jewish chiefs were not known by their country-
men by some Jewish names, as High Priests, rather than by
the Greek names of Alexander and Antigonus.
After Antigonus, the coins with Hebrew inscriptions
cease for a considerable period, and only again re-appear
on the eve of the total destruction of the nation.
The coins of the Iduiniuan dynasty give none but Greek
inscriptions, though the familiar types of the anchor and
cornuacopia3 are still preserved. I will not, however, enter
upon an examination of them, nor of the Imperial coins
struck in Judaea, of which several plates are given, as they
VOL. XX. D
18 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
are not purely Jewish coins, but will proceed at once to
the consideration of the coins supposed by M. de Saulcy
to have been struck during the Jewish war, which ter-
minated in the total destruction of Jerusalem by Titus.
These are the copper pieces of such ordinary occurrence
with the vase or urn, and the vine-branch as types, and the
legend JV H^H (the liberation of Zion) around the vine-
branch, and the year DTlfc? fOfc? (the second year), or J"0?
t^7^ (the third year), around the vase. M. de Saulcy
argues that the Jews, who made such heroic efforts for the
recovery of their liberty, must in all probability have had
if merely as one of the means of asserting their inde-
pendence, a purely Hebrew coinage of their own ; and if
so, these pieces, by their style, size and fabric, which
approach so nearly to those of the coins of Nero, struck at
Jerusalem in A.D. 59, may be traced to this origin.
Those of the third year are much rarer than those of the
second, while there are none of the first and fourth, which
may be accounted for on the hypothesis, that, in the first
year of the war, independence was not re-established at
Jerusalem ; and in the fourth and last year, anarchy and
intestine divisions were already preparing and facilitating
for Titus the conquest he had undertaken.
There seems to me much probability in this appropriation
of these coins, which cannot certainly lay claim to a much
higher antiquity. It is, however, possible that they should
be carried down to the time of Barcochab.
We now come to the most numerous, and what has
hitherto been the most perplexing class of Jewish coins,
viz., those bearing the name of Simon. These have hitherto,
for the most part, been considered as appertaining to Simon
Maccabaeus, but are, without a single exception, attributed
by M. de Saulcy, as had been done before by Henrion, to
RECHEKCHES SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE Jl'DAlQUE. 19
Barcochab, ^"O'^O (the son of a star), the leader of a
protracted revolt of the Jews, under Hadrian, that termi-
nated in their utter defeat and banishment from Jerusalem.
It is true, that in history this leader is only mentioned as
Barchochebas, or Cochebus, without there being any founda-
tion for the assumption that his name was Simon, beyond
numismatic evidence. This, however, is strong, as the
coins bearing the name Simon were certainly struck in the
reign of Hadrian ; and as he was the leader of the noted
revolt which resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem, and
its conversion into the Roman ^lia Capitolina, there is
every reason to believe that his name was really Simon
(Barcochab being evidently a sort of surname), or that he
assumed the name of Simon, to convey the idea that he
would prove to the Jews, a second deliverer like Simon
Maccabaeus.
The types are numerous both in silver and copper, and
as some of the former are struck on coins of Trajan and
Vespasian, and one of the latter in the British Museum, on
a coin of Domitian or Vespasian, there can be no question
as to the correctness of the attribution of at least these
"palimpsest" coins to Simon Barcochab ; and the other
pieces, which closely resemble and are even identical in
type and fabricj must needs go with them. We must,
therefore, I am afraid, give up for the present, the attribu-
tion of any coins to Simon Maccabaeus, though I have no
doubt that ere long, some of the small copper pieces similar
to those of Jonathan and John Hyrcanus, will be found
inscribed with his name.
But to return to the coins of Barcochab, which may be
divided into those of his first year, including those without
a date ; and those of his second year. Among the former
class are shekels of two types, viz., those with the front of
20 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
a temple on the obverse, and a loulab on the reverse, the
legends being either p$?OB> and th&ft HTTP, Simon -
the Liberty of Jerusalem ; or D^W and nSiwS HPIX JW
^6Ofc?\ Jerusalem the first year of the Kedemption of
Israel; or on a doubtful piece, the initials Dfc? IT and
^NIEJ" "IfD, Jerusalem Simon the Liberty of Israel.
The obverse of the quarter shekels, or denarii, of which there
are several varieties, bears in most cases a bunch of grapes,
with the legend jiy?, Simon ; and on the reverse a palm-
branch, or two trumpets, or a lyre, with the legend
D/fc?W, the Liberty of Jerusalem. Others have
within a wreath, and a wine-jug, or oenochoe and palm-
branch on the reverse, with the same legend of the Liberty
of Jerusalem. In copper there are several varieties, mostly
with a palm tree and the name of Simon, on the obverse, and
a vine leaf, with the Liberty of Jerusalem inscribed around
it on the reverse. These are of the second brass size, and
one of those engraved has been struck on a second brass
Greek coin, of Trajan, AYT KAI TPA being legible upon it.
Others have a lyre on the obverse, and a palm branch
within a garland on the reverse, with nearly the same
legends ; and there are small pieces with the type of a
palm-tree on the obverse, and a bunch of grapes on the
reverse. None of the above bear a date, and must there-
fore be referred to the first year of Simon. There are,
however, several specimens on which this year is inscribed.
The first is a magnificent coin of large brass
Obv. N1B K'EO pyDP (Simon, Prince of Israel), within a
garland.
Rev. W ... Vi^> nntf r\W (The first year of the Redemption
of Israel), around a two-handled vase of elegant
form.
There are also second brass coins, with the palm-tree
RECHERCHES SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE JUDAiQUE. 21
and vine-branch, with the same legends; and others of
a smaller volume, with the legend W J"l7JO7 HHX H3&?
around the bunch of grapes on the obverse, and an unin-
telligible inscription beneath a palm-tree, on the obverse.
There is little doubt, that in thus dating the coins " In the
first year," Simon Barcochab intended to remind the Jews
of what was recorded of his illustrious namesake, Simon
Maccabaeus. " Then the people of Israel began to write
in their instruments and contracts In the first year of
Simon, the High Priest, the governor and leader of the
Jews." 3 And this inscription, intended to inspirit the Jews
at that time, has served to mislead many Christians since.
The coins of the second year are much fewer in number
than those of the first, and consist of a shekel with the temple
and loulab, a quarter shekel with the bunch of grapes and
the renochoe, and second brass coins with the palm-tree and
vine-branch ; the legend of the reverse being in all cases
httW Th O'fc?. The second year of the Liberty of
Israel. In no case does the final HI of Win? appear.
With these coins terminates the Jewish series; but
M. de Saulcy gives representations and an account of
all the colonial coins struck under the Roman Emperors, at
M\ia Capitolina, the city built by Hadrian, on the ruins of
Jerusalem, where coins were struck as late as the days of
Hostilianus, A.D. 249 and 251. Nor even then did the
coinage at Jerusalem cease, or its heathen name of /Elia
Capitolina disappear ; for there are coins given, apparently
struck by the Caliph Abdoul Malik, about A.D. 695. With
the legend, Mahomed is the Apostle of God, on the obverse,
and ttlia. of Palestine, on the reverse. Could the desola-
tion of the Holy City be more complete ?
3 1 Mace, xiii, v. 42.
22 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
I have now, I think, presented the reader with a fair
abstract of M. de Saulcy's work, and must leave him to
draw his own conclusions as to the correctness of his
views, with most of which I must acknowledge myself to
concur. All will, however, hail his book, both from the
number of coins engraved and described, and the fidelity
with which they are represented, as a most valuable addi-
tion to Jewish Numismatics.
The absence of coins of Simon Maccabseus, seems to
me incontestable ; and as an additional reason for bringing
the coins that have been assigned to him, down to the later
date of Simon Barcochab, I beg to throw out the question
for those better versed in Hebrew than myself, and who
would still refer the coins bearing the name of Simon to
Simon Maccabseus, whether the word HI^H, in the sense
of liberty or freedom, had been introduced into the lan-
guage at so early a period as that of the Maccabees ; or at
all events, was at that time sufficiently Hebraized, to appear
upon their coins ?
JOHN EVANS.
III.
SHILLING OF EDWARD VI.
[Read before the Numismatic Society, Dec. 18th, 1856,]
I HAVE much pleasure in exhibiting to the Society a coin of
great rarity, which I have lately added to my collection.
It is a shilling of Edward VI., similar to that engraved in
Hawkins' " Silver Coins of England," No. 419, of which
SHILLING OF EDWARD VI. 23
the author says : " The piece No. 419 is of fine silver, and,
as appears from the date, was struck at this time of im-
provement (1551) ; it was probably only a pattern for a
shilling, but being, as we believe, unique and unpublished,
we could not refrain from giving a representation of so
singular a piece."
On the obverse is the king on horseback, galloping and
in armour, wielding his sword above his head, which is
guarded by a helmet. The attitude of the horse is singular,
both the hind and fore-legs being placed close together.
Around runs the legend SDWTVRD'.VI.D.G. TYGLig. FRTVn.
Z.HIB.R^X. On the reverse is a square-topped shield,
crowned, between <J, R, with the legend TIMOK, DOMInl,
FOnS VITtf M.D.L.I. The shape of the Roman M is sin-
gular, being little more than two 1 1 placed side by side,
and it is the more remarkable from its occurring in con-
junction with the Lombardic n. The mint-mark on both
sides is by Mr. Hawkins stated to be a bird's head. I am,
however, doubtful whether it is not rather the head of some
beast, or that of a dragon or griffin, such as is found on the
gold coins, though I at first inclined to the belief that the
head of an ostrich was intended. Guillim says, "it hath
been long a doubt whether this creature should be reckoned
a bird or a beast ; yet because of his wings and feathers, I
make no scruple to sort him among the former;" but I found
another reason for believing this mint-mark to be the head of
an ostrich, as in ft Burke's General Armory " the crest of the
Peckham family is stated to be an ostrich proper. It
seemed, therefore, probable, that this was the crest of Sir
Edmund Peckharn, High Treasurer of the Mint in South-
wark, at the time when this piece was struck, and that he
is thus symbolized upon the coin in the same manner as Sir
John Yorke, the Under Treasurer, by Y ; Throgmorton, of
24 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the Tower Mint, by the ton ; or Sir Martin Bowes by the
swan or bow, both of which occur in his coat of arms. The
ostrich's head, if such it be, occurs in no other coins than
those of Edward VI.
Sir Charles Young, however, to whom I had applied rela~
tive to the arms and crest of Sir Edmund Peckham, kindly
informs me that his crest was, after all, a leopard's head,
transfixed with three cross crosslets fitchy, and that there is
no sign of an ostrich either in his arms or crest. My
theory, therefore, falls entirely to the ground ; it is, how-
ever, a singular coincidence, that the crest of the Sussex
Peckhams should have been an ostrich, which would also
have been that of Sir Edmund Peckham had he been of
the Sussex family, instead of a London family, to which he
is supposed to have belonged.
The weight of my coin is 98 grs., and that of the Mu-
seum specimen 76^ grs.; but both shew a considerable
amount of wear, so that they must be regarded as pattern
pieces, the weight of the ordinary fine shillings of Edward
being 96 grs.
JOHN EVANS.
25
IV.
ON COINS DISCOVERED, BY W. K. LOFTUS, ESQ.,
AT SUSA.
[Read before the Numismatic Society, November 19th, 1857.]
IT will, perhaps, be within the recollection of the Society,
that, in speaking of some curious coins which had recently
been brought from the East, I called attention, in a former
paper, to a remarkable inscription, which had been found
at Susa- a short time since by Mr. Loftus, bearing the name
of Pythagoras, probably the Greek leader of the Persian
King's body-guard ; and, at the same time, pointed out
the identity of this name with one which has been long
known upon a Persian Daric in the National Collection,
but of which there has been previously no satisfactory
explanation.
I wish now to say a few words on a collection of Oriental
coins of the early Mohammedan period, which were disco-
vered by the same enterprising traveller on the same cele-
brated site, during some excavations he conducted under
the superintendence of Sir Henry Rawlinson. These coins
are now, together with a considerable number of bricks
and other antiquities, deposited in the British Museum, and
form by no means the least interesting portion of that gen-
tleman's discoveries. As the manner in which these coins
were found is very interesting, I will quote here the nar-
rative which Mr. Loftus has given of it.
" Not far," says Mr. L., u from its southern extremity
VOL. XX. E
26 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
on the edge of the platform, 1 where the depth of the earth
above the pavement did not exceed six feet, an interesting
discovery was made. I was at this time examining some
recent acquisitions in another part of the ruins, when one
of my master workmen rushed into the tent, every muscle
of his face distorted with mingled expressions of astonish-
ment, delight, fear, and anxiety, while he threw down at
my feet as many silver Kufic coins as his two hands could
contain, rushing out again, with an intimation that there
were more in the trench, which he could not carry.
u The workmen had come upon a small glazed pot
during the temporary absence of their overseer. As it felt
extremely heavy, the cupidity of the Persians tempted
them to break it, when out rolled the coins, and a general
scramble took place. The master- workman, however,
being responsible for the rest, secured as many as he could,
and honestly delivered them up to me. He was delighted
at the discovery, but afraid of the result, doubting whe-
ther the Prince ought not to receive the treasure, and,
at the same time, aware that his men had taken care of
themselves.
" Ovaunes was immediately sent to look after them, and
presently returned with fifty more coins, laughing at the
credulity of the Lurs. With ready wit, he hinted that I
had found an account of the number, and that several were
missing. He therefore recommended the men to produce
them, because, if sold in Di/ful, the fact would reach the
Prince's ears, and the sellers would be punished. They
1 Mr. Lof'tus is speaking of the excavations he had made
upon the largest and most extensive of the mounds at Susa, in
which he discovered the remains of a palace now known to have
been, inhabited, if not originally constructed, by Xerxes, the
king of Persia.
ON COINS DISCOVEUED AT SUSA. 27
looked at each other. At length, one more timid than the
rest pulled forth a coin, and his example was followed by
all. Some handed out one, some two or three, and so on,
until fifty were collected. Still my factotum was not satis-
fied ; when the day's work was over, he obliged every man
to declare by the head of Ali, by Baba Buzurg, and all his
favourite saints, that he had no more coins in his possession.
Those who refused the oath were to receive none of the
tobacco, about to be distributed in honour of the discovery
In this manner eleven other coins were recovered that
evening, and by dint of perseverance, about one hundred
and seventy were in all collected. Several were cohering
together at the bottom of the jar in a hard solid mass, but
the greater number were bright and unworn, as though but
recently struck off from the die."
The total number which have been placed in my -hands
for examination, and which were, at the same time, tolerably
legible, and not so glued together by the oxidation as to be
inseparable, was about one hundred and ten ; of these fifty-
two exhibited dates, or places of mintage, of which we had
not previously any illustration from the existing collection
at the Museum. As Mr. Loftus states, the majority of
them were nearly perfect, and some as fresh as if they had
just come from the die.
Two important questions are suggested by this dis-
covery: first, When were these coins deposited in their
present position ? and, secondly, Is it possible to draw any
conclusions from the place in which they were found, as to
the period when the building was destroyed near which
they were discovered ? About the date of its erection we
have satisfactory proof, relics having been found of Xerxes,
as previously stated ; while we have some grounds for
believing that it was commenced, if not completed, by his
28 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
father Darius. It would, therefore, be of much interest
could we determine, from any evidence afforded by these
coins, whether this structure had been, at the time they
were buried, long in ruins. Now we may be sure, from the
sharpness of the impression on these coins, that the hoard
was buried within a short time after the latest date which
occurs among them ; and that no lengthened period could
have passed away during which they were in circulation.
Again, as there was a considerable accumulation of soil
between them and the pavement of the buried palace, we
may be equally certain that they must have been deposited
long after this palace was ruined. Centuries at least must
have elapsed, to allow for the mass of earth which was
heaped above this pavement.
Nor does this view lack some other corroborative proofs.
Thus around some of the bases of the fallen columns were
found several urns of Parthian and Sassanian workman-
ship, thus affording clear and demonstrative evidence that
long after the overthrow of the temple, of which they
formed the support and decorations, other races occupied
the mound on which it had stood lived, died, and buried
their dead. Taking these facts into consideration, it seems
a fair inference, that the actual demolition of the great
structure must have been due to the remote period of
Alexander the Great, or to that of his successors, during the
Greek occupation of Susiana. Though we have no record
of this event in any of the historians of the campaigns of
the Greek monarch, they describe, not without some natural
feelings of regret, how be wantonly set fire to the rival and
sister structures of Persepolis, and sacrificed to the mad
revelry of a courtesan the pride and the glory of Persian
architecture.
With regard to this fire, there is, indeed, some room for
ON COINS DISCOVERED AT SUSA. 29
doubt whether it was, after all, Persepolis which was sacri-
ficed to the vanity or the fury of the Greek monarch. Strabo
indeed, states that Alexander burnt the palace at Persepolis
to avenge the Greeks for similar injuries which had been
inflicted on them by the Persians (xv. p. 729) ; but this
seems, to say the least, an exceedingly improbable asser-
tion. Arrian merely avers that Alexander burnt a royal
palace, contrary to the expressed entreaty of Parmenio ;
but he does not say where this palace was (Anab. iii. 13).
Curtius alone describes the disgraceful character of this
deed of an incendiary, and fixes the place at Persepolis; the
evidence in his favour being the probability that he drew his
materials from many journals of the officers of Alexander's
army extant in his day (Curt. v. 4. 6). On the other hand,
Mr. Loftus remarks that a careful examination of the ex-
isting columns, and of the injuries they have suffered during
the 2,300 years which have elapsed since their first erec-
tion, fails altogether in shewing those marks which would
naturally indicate the action of this devouring element.
The whitened aspect which many of them exhibit is really
due to the atmosphere, and not to fire; hence the probability
is suggested, that the proceedings supposed to have oc-
curred at Persepolis really took place at Susa, and that the
destruction visible at the latter site, is, in fact, that which
has left the darkest stain on the memory of the greatest
conqueror of ancient times.
It would, indeed, be, in the highest degree, unlikely
that coins and relics of the Parthian Princes should be
found at Susa beside the fallen and buried columns, and
generally above them, if the temple or palace, to which
they belonged, was still standing when the people who
struck them still lived there. It is much more reasonable
to suppose that, as in the case of Nineveh, more than one
30 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
race successively settled on these mounds, after the buildings
of the earlier people had fallen down and been covered
over, unconscious, it may be, of the monuments of the past
which lay buried under their feet.
The earliest coin in this collection is from the mint of
Damascus, and its date is A.H. 79, corresponding with
A.D. 697-8. It was struck by Abd-al-Malek ben Merwan,
the sixth Khalif of the house or family of Ommiah, and the
eleventh in descent from Mohammed himself. It is weP
known that this Khalif was the first to strike the ordinary
dirhem, which became so well known in after-times ; or, at
all events, that no dirhem of any earlier Prince has yet been
met with. The earliest known date is A.H. 78, of which a
specimen on a gold dinar is preserved in the British Mu-
seum. It is not a little curious to find one of the very next
year in a miscellaneous hoard of coins, like that we are
now considering. I may add that no dirhem of A.H. 78
has been discovered, but that the British Museum possesses
another specimen of the date of A.H. 79 (struck, however,
at Kufah), and that there is one also in the Collection at
Milan. I am not aware that any other Museum possesses
dirhems of this early date, which are, therefore, unques-
tionably of considerable rarity and interest. The latest
date in the collection is that of a coin struck at Mahi in
A.H. 106 (A.D. 725), by Hesham, one of the sons of the
former Khalif Abd-al-Malek, the eleventh Khalif of the
same family. The whole number of coins, therefore, ranges
over a period of only twenty-eight years.
Besides the two coins I have mentioned, which were
minted at Damascus and Mahi respectively, I have been
able to decipher forty-eight other specimens, struck at the
following towns and in the subjoined years :
ON COINS DISCOVERED AT SUSA. 31
A.H.
At Damascus- - - - (79) 82, 83, 84, 86, 100, 105, 106.
Busrah 80, 82, 87.
Waset 88, 94, 99, 105, 106.
Siis (Susa)- - - - - 90.
Rhey 90.
Herat 90.
Teimar 91.
Shapur 91,92,94.
Istakhr (Persepolis) - - 91.
Sejistan (Seistan) - - 92.
Darabjerd 92, 97.
Dschey 92, 94.
Merv ------ 90.
Kirman 95.
Kufa 101.
Mahi - - - - (106) 6?
1 may remark, en passant, that the list of names and the
order of the places correspond pretty nearly with the
course of Mohammedan conquest ; and that it is, therefore,
highly probable that the hoard may have been made by
some soldiers, who had accompanied the march of the
Arabian armies from the commencement of the war. As
the inscriptions on these dirhems do not differ materially
from those which have been published with sufficient accu-
racy by Marsden, Fraehn, and other writers, I have not
thought it requisite to take up unnecessary space by their
transcription here.
With regard to the coin bearing the name of Susa as its
mint place, and the date of A.H. 90, it is interesting to
know, as we do from it, that Susa was occupied, and be-
came a town of sufficient importance to possess a mint of
its own, within fifty years after the conquest of the country,
of which it had once been the second capital. The Arabian
historic work, called the Ruzut-al-Saffa, states that in the
year A.D. 638, the whole of Khuzistiin (the ancient Susiana)
was over-run by the troops of the Khalif Omar, under the
32 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
immediate command of Abu Si'urah, the chief places men-
tioned as having been attacked being Ahwaz, Dumharhaur,
Suttar, and the fortress of Sus ; and it would seem that the
possession of the latter place rendered any further oppo-
sition on the part of the Persians no longer available.
In conclusion, I may remark, that Mr. Loftus, in the
course of his researches, met with a considerable number
of bronze arrow-heads, lying scattered along the crests of
the mounds. It seems not unlikely that these weapons
may be relics of the assault on the citadel of Susa by the
Mohammedan army.
W. S. W. VAUX.
CHARACENE COINS. 33
many travellers and residents, in the neighbourhood of
Baghdad, has been called to the collection of money of
this description, that ere long we may be in possession of
sufficient materials, to reconstruct with tolerable certainty,
the lost history of a Dynasty, which, it would seem probable,
must have ruled for a considerable period of time.
Before I notice the legends usually found on coins of this
class, and of which nine specimens are now on your table, I
think it will be worth while to recapitulate, as briefly as
possible, what is at present known concerning this race
of kings, and the locality from which they derive their
name.
There can be little doubt that the name of Characene has
been rightly assigned to a small district near the junction
of the Euphrates and Tigris, bounded on the S. by the
Persian Gulf, but with very uncertain and varying limits to
the N.E. and W. Generally, it may be considered as a
part of the larger province of Susiana, though at different
periods under independent governors, and not to have
extended far, if at all, to the W. of the united stream of
those great rivers. It must have corresponded nearly with
the district now called Khuzistan, a little to the S.E. of the
well-known mart of Bussorab.
The name Charax, from which Characene is derived, is
not unknown in ancient geography, and Stephanus By-
zantinus has collected all the instances in which it occurs,
and which were known in his days. Thus we find a Charax
Alexandria near Celaenae in Phrygia; another, which was
th most ancient name of Tralles, in Caria ; a third, which
was an e^jropiov in the Gulf of Nicomedia, in Bithynia ; a
fourth in Pontike, on the borders of the Euxine Sea.
Others are elsewhere mentioned on the coast of Africa
and in Media; and, last of all, we have the one with
VOL. XX. F
34 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
which alone we are interested here, and which bore the dis-
tinguishing title of Charax Pasinu or Spasinu.
The occurrence of so many places of the same name may
be probably accounted for by the fact, that the meaning of
the original word .g^apo-f, is a " stake" or "pole" hence
it became the natural designation of many places where a
** stockaded fortification" had been made use of.
In ordinary language, Charax would, I believe, be the
correct title of a camp hastily fortified, in contra-distinction
to a fortress or town with regular or scientific defences.
To return to Charax Spasinu.
Our chief information concerning it is derived from
Stephanus Byzantinus, Ptolemy, Dion Cassius, and Pliny.
Of these, the last, Pliny, describ.es it as a town at the top
of the Persian Gulf, situated on a mound made by the
hand of man, between the streams of the Tigris and Eulaeus
and near their confluence. He states that it was first
founded by Alexander the Great, and colonized by the
invalides of his army and other useless soldiers ; and that
its first name was, in consequence, not unnaturally, Alex-
andria. This town, after standing for a few years, was
washed away during a flood, but was, two centuries later,
restored by Antiochus V , and called after him, Antiochia.
The second town was not fortunate in a much longer
duration than the earlier city. It appears to have soon
fallen into decay ; till, at length, after many years, it was
rebuilt by the Prince of a neighbouring tribe of Arabs, called
Spasines or Pasines (the son of Saggonadaces), from whom
it derived the title it has usually borne since of Charax
Pasinu (or %/> Snaa-ivov), and by which, as we have
seen, it is recorded in Stephanus. Pliny adds, that it was
first built on the shore about ten stadia from the sea, and
had a small port attached to it, called Vipsanda. Owing,
CHARACENE COINS. 35
however, to the vast quantity of alluvial deposit, brought
down annually by the combined waters of the Tigris and
Euphrates, already in the time of Juba (a little before the
Christian year), Charax is said to have been fifty miles
from the sea: while, at the time when Pliny wrote,
in the middle of the first century of the Christian
era, the merchants, who carne to Rome, informed
him, that it was then as much as 120 miles from
the sea. There is no doubt that the Roman geographer
has been much misinformed with regard to these dis-
tances, and that he has made them much greater than
they really were. There is, however, no question whatever
that there has been a regular and well authenticated
increase of land, at the rate of something like three miles in
a century ; so that places are now fifty miles from the
Persian Gulf, which, at the commencement of the Christian
era, were standing on the sea-shore.
Charax Pasinu is famous in History and Geography, as
the birth-place of two eminent ancient geographers, Dio-
nysius (called from his extensive wanderings Periegetes) and
Isidorus (who from his birth-place is usually called Isidorus
of Charax). The Princes who have hitherto been attributed
to this province, and of whose money specimens have been
preserved, are named, Apodacus, Tiraeus, Attambilus I.,
Adinnigaus, Attambilus II., Monneses, and Meredates and
his Queen Uiphoba.
As I stated at the commencement of this paper, I do not
regard the determination of these personages as rulers
of Characene, as a matter absolutely certain: I am
willing, however, to accept it for the present, in the
absence of any direct proof to the contrary. The period
when they reigned can, in some instances be fixed by
the dates on their coins : in other cases, may be inferred
36 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
from the similarity of the workmanship they exhibit, with
that of other coins of known personages or of certain
periods.
The earliest, in point of date, is unquestionably the first
mentioned in our list :
I. APODACUS.
It may be described as follows :
Obv. Head of king to the right. Filleted.
Rev. BASIAEftS AIIOAAKOY. Heracles seated on seat
to left, his right holding club, his left reposing on his
seat. In the field, Monog., [\ in the exergue, T2M.
(243) B.C. 69.
The coin is in silver; and bears considerable resemblance
to a debased type of the money of the Seleucidse.
II. TlRAEUS.
Obv. Head to right, filleted and wearing a long beard.
The character of the physiognomy decidedly Parthian,
and unlike that of Apodacus which is clearly Greek.
Rev. BA2IAEUS TIPAIOY .SflTHPOS, some letters,
perhaps, of MEFALoY. or EYEPrETOY, same type.
YY<*
Monog., J,^, but no date.
As this coin bears no date, its period can only be inferred
from the analogy of the portrait, and from its resemblance
to the coins of the later Arsacidae. On these grounds I
should be inclined to attribute it to the first century before
the Christian era a date not much later than the coin of
Apodacus. The coin is in silver :
III. ATTAMBILUS I.
Obv. Bearded head of the king to right, before it &. The
same remark on the physiognomy of the last coin
applies also to this. The features are clearly
- Parthian or Oriental.
CHARACENE COINS. 37
Rev. . . . ASIA . . . ATTAMB . SOTHP . . . EYEP.
Same type much degraded.
Several coins exist of this prince, with different
dates HQS . 298 (B.C. 15.)
T . 300 (B.C. 13.)
TIT . 313 (A.D. 1.)
3TT . 316 (AD- 5.)
IV. ADJNNIGAUS.
Obv. Same type.
Rev. BAZIAE . . . AAINNIFAO . . . ilTHP in the ex-
ergue, ART. 321. A.D. 9. Same type.
The coin is in very base silver. The Museum possesses
this one specimen only, but Mionnet has published another
with the date, TAX*. 333, A.D. 21.
V. ATTAMBILUS II.
Obv. Same type but head unbearded and marked with
Monog., JN-
Rev. -ATTAMB .... CCUTHP . 6YE. Same type,
but much degraded.
Monog., fU. Date TOP (376), A.D. 64.
The general character of the work fully bears out this
data, and shews how much a style, originally even, some-
what barbarous, had degenerated during a period compara-
tively short.
VI. MON'NESES.
Mionnet records a prince of this name, the character of
whose coinage is precisely like that of those monarchs we
have already noticed, but bearing the date YKB, 422, A.D.
110. If this be correct, there can be no doubt that he must
have been contemporary with Trajan, the Roman Emperor,
and Chosroes of Persia. If so, it is clear that Dion Cassius'
statement, which makes Attambilus follow, instead of
precede Monneses, must be incorrect.
38 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
The last rulers we have to notice are Meredates and
Uiphoba, and concerning the attribution of the coins
bearing these names, we have considerable doubt. They
are not uncommon; and the Museum possesses severa\
specimens there is nothing, however, certain to be made
out from what remains of their legends.
Obv. Head of the king to right wearing a beard and
head dress like that of the Sassanfans.
Sev. MGPeAAToY -BAEIAG&C .YM>oB A Meredates
and Uiphoba and the dateYNA, 454 (A.D. 142.)
As far as I have been able to ascertain, all the known
specimens of the money of these rulers are alike, and bear
the same date, namely, the fourth year of Antoninus Pius.
It will, however, be noticed that their type is wholly different
from that of the coins previously described, while the work-
manship and portraits have a character directly connecting
them with those of the later Arsacidse or earlier Sassanian.
Besides these types, to which I have referred, there are a
large number of coins exceedingly rude in their workman-
ship, which are usually comprehended in this class, and
which may not improbably be derived from the later speci-
mens of these princes of Characene. For the present, I
believe, we must be content, with the brief notice I have
given above, but I am not without hopes, that, as the atten-
tion of collectors in the East, is now drawn to this subject,
we may ere long obtain new and better specimens, from
the comparison of which a more clear and satisfactory
account may be deduced.
W. S. W. VAUX.
39
VI.
TETRADRACHM OF ALEXANDER.
Copenhagen, 27 st February, 1858.
SIR,
No. LXXIV. of Numismatic Chronicle, published in
November, 1857, contains, pp. 221, 222, an examination
of the late Mr. W. H. Scott on a tetradrachm of Alexander,
concerning which J make so free as to send you some
remarks.
Mr. Scott thinks this tetradrachm is unpublished, or
at any rate unexplained, and maintains the opinion, that it
has been struck at Aradus, because it has a bee and an A
below the throne, and before the figure a mark resem-
bling an F, which he takes for the Phoenician tf. With
respect to the fabric, he does not decide if it is of Syrian
or Phoenician workmanship, and admits, that it has the
thick massive form which, according to Cousinery, belong
to those usually found in Macedonia, though he thinks the
fabric different from that of the coins of Alexander classed
to Amphipolis.
This tetradrachm is also in the British Museum, and has
been published in my work on the coins of Alexander ; it
is to be found, p. 185, PI. VII. No. 513, in a series belong-
ing to Melitaea in Thessaly. I shall take the liberty to
give the reasons why it must have been struck in this
town.
A bee is seen as a mark on different coins of Philip,
father of Alexander, and of Demetrius II. of Macedonia,
40 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
and can on all these coins denote no other city but Melitaea
in Thessaly, this land, as well known, having been
joined by Philip to Macedonia. Melitsea was first noticed,
as a place that struck money, by M. Prokesch von Osten,
in whose collection there are several autonomous coins with
the names of this city and a bee as " armes parlantes " on
the reverse. 1 No other city in the lands belonging to
Philip's empire had this type. A number of Alexander's
coins must be assigned to the same city for the following
reasons. On the coins of Alexander, an A is several times
adjoined to the bee, and this letter is likewise seen on
some of Philip's coins, together with the bee ; hereof may
be concluded, that both the first and the latter are from
the same city, and that the letter A represents the name of
a person employed at the mint, who has passed from
Philip's reign to that of Alexander. A considerable number
of the initials arid monograms, which, on Alexander's coins,
accompany the bee and signify persons, are found on
other coins of the same king, which, according to their
marks and fabrics, are struck in Macedonian cities ; it is
natural that the same persons were employed to super-
intend the minting in Macedonia and Thessaly, as both
these lands were under the same government. The tetra-
drachms with these marks are of the thicker kind, and
have a strong relief, as in general tliose which issued from
the mints of the European provinces of Alexander's empire.
All Alexander's coins with the mark of a bee have usually
been assigned to Ephesus. The coins here treated of can-
not be attributed to this city, firstly, owing to their fabric,
as those that were coined in the West of Asia Minor, were
1 Gerhard, Archaeol. Zeitung, 1847, No. 10, Taf. X., 79.
Wien. Acad, Deutschr., 1854, p. 248, Taf. I., 3034.
TETRADRACHM OF ALEXANDER. 41
flatter or at least of a less elevated relief; secondly, because
some of the tetradrachtns contain the title of king, which
is never appended to the name of Alexander on the coins
struck in the western part of Asia Minor ; and lastly, be-
cause there are on the drachmas monograms, which are
repeated on the drachmas of Philip III. (Arrhidseus), with the
bee, and must be explained as indicating the same magis-
trate as upon these ; but the coins of this last king were
not struck in the cities of Western Asia Minor. That,
especially the tetradrachm in question must be classed not
to Ephesus, but among those struck at Melitsea, is to be
seen both by the fabric, which points to Greece, and by the
letter A, which also is added on the coins of Philip II.
The reason why Mr. Scott has assigned this coin to
Aradus, is particularly the character before the figure,
which he has thought to be a Phoenician tf. I do not know
if this mark on the specimen Mr. Scott has examined has
been indistinct ; but it is certain, that on the coin in the
British Museum, this mark can be no Phoenician letter. It
is either F (the ^Eolian digamma), which is not unfrequently
found on Greek coins, or a similar Greek monogram, which
has the horizontal line above prolonged to the left ; as the
coin on the left of the monogram is somewhat worn, this is
not certain. All the coins of Alexander, that can with cer-
tainty be assigned to Aradus, contain a monogram, arranged
different ways, composed of P, the signification of which as
the monogram of Aradus is proved either by the addition of
a palm tree, of distinct Punic letters or numbers, of Greek
initials or monograms representing other Syrian cities, that
were connected with Aradus, or by the fabric of the coin
as peculiar to the tetradrachms of Alexander struck in
Syria. There is no coin of Alexander containing a bee,
that can with any reason be attributed to Aradus.
VOL. XX. G
42 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
As in this article of Mr. Scott, reference is made to the
works of Pellerin, Eckhel and Cousinery, but not to my
work, I conclude that this was not known to him at the
time he wrote this paper nor, perhaps, even now to many
English Numismatists I may, therefore, be allowed to
state, that it was published in 1855, in French, under the
title: u Numismatique d'Alexandre le Grand, suivi d'un
Appendice contenant les monnaies de Philippe II and III."
The coins described in this work, of which scarcely a third
part has been before edited, are principally those which
are found in the public and many of the private collections
in England, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany and
Scandinavia, at St. Petersburg, and in some Italian cities.
I have myself examined the greatest part of them. The
different coins of Philip II. amount to 300, those of Alex-
ander to 1,714, and those of Philip III. to 139. Twenty-
nine engraved plates contain, first a number of the coins
themselves, in order to show the principal differences in
the fabric, and afterwards all their marks, which are
ranged in the form of tables, with the names of the cities or
countries where the coins are struck. To these are added
some tables, giving a review of. all the marks of cities
occurring on the coins of the Macedonian kings and of
Lysimachus, for the use of the classification. In the text
is to be found both the fullest details relating to the coins,
and the motives that have led to their present classification
An alphabetical register of the small types of cities makes
it easy to find the single coins.
Yours respectfully,
L. MULLER.
Inspector of the Roy. Danish Cabinet of Coins.
To John Yonge Akcrman, Esq.
VII. ON A BARBAROUS COIN OR AMULET OF
HELENA, THE MOTHER OF CONSTANTINE.
THE coin represented in the accompanying woodcut, is in
the possession of Mr. Goddard Johnson, who kindly trans-
mitted the original for exhibition to the Numismatic
Society.
It is of gold, weighing 52 grs., and was found at Chapel
Hill, in Markshall, a hamlet to Caistor, theVenta Icenorum, 1
a locality well known as prolific of Roman remains.
On the obverse is a female head to the left, having the
hair plaited so as to give rather the appearance of a helmet,
and encircled with a jewelled diadem ; the bust enveloped
in a jewelled and embroidered collar, and altogether present-
ing a close imitation of the head of Helena, as she appears
upon some of her third brass coins. The legend is as
follows: *EILEIIA ^AVGVETHV. On the reverse is
the legend TNPH * EATA THRAN QVILT with CON
following, reading the reverse way, as if intended for an
exergual inscription, though in reality it is at the left hand
side of the commencement of the legend at the top of the
coin. In the centre is a wreath enclosing the inscription
S
IGEV
X
1 See Archse., Vol. xxii. p. 412, etc.
44 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
There can be but little doubt that this coin was struck at
a period long posterior to that of the Helena whose name
and effigy it bears. This would, according to the classifi-
cation of 2 Eckhel, have been regarded as Helena the wife of
Julian the Apostate the latest of the three Helenas to
whom coins have been ascribed. It would, however, appear
from the researches of Marchant, Lenormant, and our late
lamented associate, Dr. W. H. Scott, 3 that even Eckhel is
occasionally in error; and that there is good reason for
referring all the coins bearing the name of Helena, to the
mother of Constantine the Great, some having been struck
before and some after her decease. Eusebius 4 records that
Constantine caused her to be recognised as Augusta, and
struck gold money with her effigy. Of these, however, but
one type is known in gold ; viz. of Securitas Reipublicte,
with a standing female figure holding a palm-branch, and
that is of extreme rarity. Her coins in third brass are
common ; and from one of these, I am inclined to think, the
engraver took the design for the obverse of his coin.
The reverse is also derived from a third brass rather than
a golden source, though it is apparently not taken from any
single coin. It runs back to not quite so early an age as
the obverse ; the inscription in the centre being probably
imitated from the SIC V. SIC X. of the coins of Constans,
but instead of the w Gaudium Populi Romani" we have a
barbarous imitation of the Beata Tranquillitas legend of
the era of Constantine, with a trace of the Fel. Temp.
Reparatio of a later age, in the TNPH prefixed ; making
the entire legend K Temporum Beata Tranquillitas ;" a
formula I believe not known upon Roman coins.
2 See Eckhel, Vol. viii. p. 145.
3 Num. Chron., Vol. xv. p. 188.
* As also Theophanes, Sozomen, and Nicephorus.
ON A BARBAROUS COIN OR AMULET OF HELENA. 45
Though the whole would appear to have been formed from
memory, rather than from actual imitation of genuine coins,
it is very remarkable that the exergual CON. for Constan-
tinople, should have been preserved, though in a position it
never could have originally occupied. Altogether, it is a most
remarkable piece, and belongs to a class of which but few
examples are known. It cannot well be ranked with the
Saxon imitations of Roman coins, of which many have been
found in Kent and elsewhere, as their workmanship is more
rude, and they are generally degenerate imitations of actual
gold coins : this, on the contrary, has a considerable degree
of finish about it ; and some of the letters, if taken sepa-
rately, might appear to be really of Roman work. The
sign of the cross too, prefixed to several words of the legend,
is a remarkable feature, and encourages the opinion that it
was struck in Christian times. It is, however, to be re-
marked, that a similar small cross appears on the field of
some of the small brass coins both of Helena and Theo-
dora.
It is a curious fact, that during the middle ages, the coins
of Helena were believed to be endowed with healing powers,
and enjoyed some therapeutic celebrity in consequence.
This was pointed out by Mr. Hudson Turner, a few years
ago, in the pages of Notes and Queries (Vol. i. p. 100), in
the following " Note," which I venture to reproduce entire.
" In the Wardrobe Account of the 55th year of Henry
the Third, it is stated, that among the valuables in the
charge of the keeper of the royal wardrobe, there was a
silken purse, containing ' monetam Sancte Helene.'
u It is well known that during the middle ages, many and
various objects were supposed to possess talismanic virtues.
Of this class were the coins attributed to the mother of
Constantino, the authenticity of which is questioned by
46 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Du Cange, 5 in his treatise ' de Inferioris aevi numismatibus.'
He observes, also, that the same name was given, vulgarly,
to almost all the coins of the Byzantine emperors, not only
to those bearing the effigies of St. Helena, but indeed to all
marked with a cross, which were commonly worn suspended
from the neck, as phylacteries; 'hence,' he subjoins, 'we
find that these coins are generally perforated.'
u It was quite in accordance with the superstitious cha-
racter of Henry the Third, that coins of St. Helena should
be preserved in his wardrobe, among numerous other amu-
lets and relics. But what was the peculiar virtue attributed
to such coins ? Du Cange, in the same treatise, says, on
the authority of Bosius, that they were a remedy against
the " comitialem morbum" or epilepsy. The said Bosius, or
rather Bozius, wrote a ponderous work, ' de Signis Eccle-
siae Dei,' (a copy of which, by the by, is not to be seen in
the library of the British Museum, although there are two
editions of it in the Bodleian), in which he discourseth as
follows : ' Monetse adhuc aliquot exstant, quae in honorem
Helense Augustae, et inventae crucis, cum hujusmodi imagi-
nibus excusae antiquitus fuerunt. Illis est praesens reme-
dium adversus morbum comitialem : et qui hodie vivit
Turcarum Rex Amurathes, quamvis a nobis alienus, vim
sanctum illarum expertus solet eas gestare ; e morbo nam-
que hujusmodi interdum laborat. Nummi quoque Sancti
Ludovici, Francorum regis mirifice valent adversus non-
nullos morbos.' Lib. xv. sig. 68.
" The mention of the Sultan Amurath carrying these
coins about his person as a precaution against a disease to
which he was subject ; and, indeed, the whole passage shows
that a belief in their efficacy was still prevalent in the six-
teenth century, when Bozius wrote. It only remains to add,
5 Qy. Du Fresne ?
ON A BARBAROUS COIN OR AMULET OF HELENA. 47
that Du Cange, in his Glossary, does not enumerate the
'Money of St. Helena' under the word ' Moneta'; nor does
he allude to the coins of St. Louis, which, according to
Bozius, were endowed with similar properties."
Mr. Johnson therefore suggests, that this coin, for so it
may still be called, must be regarded as an amulet, and that
the numerous crosses that are intermixed with the barbarous
legend, are so many additions to its prophylactic powers.
There is certainly some probability in such a supposition,
though the coin is not perforated, and shows no sign of
ever having had a loop attached for its suspension. The
belief in the efficacy of certain coins and gems as amulets
or charms, is of very early date ; we find St. Chrysostom 6
inveighing against the use of the coins of Alexander the
Great, as amulets ; Trebellius Pollio mentions the virtues
attaching to the portraits of Alexander in his history of
Quietus, one of the Thirty Tyrants, and narrates how the
family of the Macriani were remarkable for wearing the
head of Alexander in their gold and silver rings and other
ornaments, and adds that he mentions this fact, because
those who wear the head of Alexander expressed in gold or
silver, are said to be prospered in all their undertakings.
Alexander 7 himself had probably no idea of the virtues
attaching to his sculptured likeness, when he issued his
edict that no one should presume to carve his likeness on
gems, except Pyrgotales; but Augustus may have promoted
the idea of some innate virtue in the head of Alexander,
when he adopted it as his seal and discarded the sphinx.
But our present business is with the Moneta Sanctae
Helenas ; and on this subject I am not able to add to the
6 Ad Ilium. Catechesis, torn. ii. p. 287; and in Epist. ad
Ephes?., cap. iv.; Horn. 12, torn. xi. 108. Ed. Paris, 1834-40.
7 Plin. Nat. Hist., xxxvii. 1.
48 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
information collected by Mr. Hudson Turner, except that
there is an article on the subject of the Heleniani Nummi,
in that mine of learning, Hofinann's Lexicon Universale;
and that, singularly enough, a Michael de SanctA, Elena was
Reparator Cuneorum, or repairer of the dies to the mint of
Henry III., among whose effects the Moneta Sancte Helene
is mentioned..
An interesting notice of the virtues attaching to various
gems, will be found in Mr. Roach Smith's Coll. Ant.,
vol. iv. p, 65, and in a paper by Mr. Wright, Arch., vol.
xxx. p. 449.
As to the period to which Mr. Johnson's coin is to be
attributed, I cannot think that is of nearly so late a date as
the time of Henry III. ; and though the fact of its being so
good an imitation, that at first sight it might be taken for a
Roman coin, renders any attempt, to determine the age in
which it was minted a difficult task, I am inclined to con-
sider it as dating from the fifth or sixth century of our era.
This is, however, purely conjectural, as there is so little
collateral assistance to be gained from other specimens. It
is much to be desired that some one would take in hand the
numerous, and not unimportant class of coins struck in
imitation of those of the Roman Emperors, such numbers
of which are to be found in every district of this country,
and from which possibly some light might be thrown upon
the darkest period of our history.
JOHN EVANS.
Num. Chrorv. Vol?L.p 49.
IT? 4.
6.
J~. Ctfykfwi. . dd et Sculp.
COINS OF SEISTAN
49
VII.
COINS OF SEISTAN.
[Read before the Numismatic Society, January 28th, 1858.]
AT the last meeting of the Numismatic Society, I exhibited
some gold coins from Col. Sir H. C. Rawlinson ; but, as I
believe, I stated at the time, I had only received them the
same day, and had, therefore, not had time to attempt de-
cyphering them. Since then, I have examined them care-
fully, and as they turn out to be more curious than I had
anticipated, I propose to give the Society, this evening, a
brief description of them.
I stated, when I exhibited them previously, that they had
been lately forwarded to Col. Rawlinson from Seistan, a
district of Eastern Persia, which has been little visited by
travellers, and about which, therefore, we know compara-
tively little.
The result of my examination is, that the coins, thirteen
in number, belong to the following classes of dynasties, in
the following chronological order:
1 . One Samanide, Mansur ben Nuh, A.H. 361, A.D. 972.
2. Nine Soffaride, of which one belongs to Taker,
ten to Khalfben Ahmed, A.H. 334 375, A.D. 946-985.
3. One Ghaznavide, Mahmud of Ghazna, A.H. 418,
A.D. 1028.
With regard to the first of these, Mansur ben Nuh, it
is a gold coin in very perfect preservation, and was struck
VOL. XX. H
50 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,
at Bokhara in the year of the Hejra, 361, corresponding
with A.D. 972.
Obv.
_ J
Round. aL*^ <d)l Jf*j Juc^sy* etc.
Rev. First general symbol ; above which,
below, y)i
Round. etc. 1 jl^sx t T -> 7 -i
A.M. 361 A.D. 972.
Mansur was the seventh Prince of the Samanian
dynasty, one of the earliest that arose on the first decline
of the Khalafat. These princes, of whom there has
been found, not only in Asia, but along the Baltic in
the islands of that sea and even in England, at Cuerdale,
and elsewhere, a considerable quantity of money, ruled
over part of Central Asia between the years A.H.261 389,
A.D. 874998, having for part of that period their
chief capital at Samarkand. A large number of other
places of mintage, however, occur, such as Bokhara,
Shash, Balkh, Badakhshan, Nisbapur, Enderabe, Ferghana,
etc. It is not at all, therefore, contrary to probability, that
coins of one of these rulers should be found in the pro-
vince of Seistan not more than 300 to 400 miles from
Bokhara.
I may add, that though the silver coins of the Samanian
princes are very numerous those in gold are rare and
that I have not as yet met with any specimen of the same
date in collections at home or abroad.
With regard to the next piece, which I have assigned
to the Soffaride or Taheride dynasties, I am ready to admit
that there are some grounds for doubt whether this attri-
bution can be maintained ; at the same time, I am not
COINS OF SE1STAN. 61
aware of any other dynasty to whom it can with more
probability be ascribed. The chief difficulty consists in
the legends, which are anything but satisfactory.
The Obv. is apparently
j*>^ - ^J QU k \ - <dj j-J\yt
The Rev. is clearly
c - <dl\ - Jj~^ " iXKsyc - <di
The margin is entirely cut off. PI. No. 1.
No date remaining on the coin, it is of course impossible
to assign the exact period when this money was struck ;
but as the Khalif 's name, Al Tai, is perfectly legible, I
have no doubt it must have been between A.H. 363 (A.D.
974) and A.H. 381 (A.D. 991). It is a much more difficult
point to determine who was the striker of it ; and upon
this question I am not at present able to give any decided
opinion. In character of workmanship, and date, it is
nearly connected with the coins we are about to notice of
Khalf ben Ahmed. I am not, however, aware of anj r prince
of Seistan who bore the name of Taher.
As we are not acquainted with the names of any of the
princes who preceded or followed Khalf, it is quite possible
that this man may have been ruler of that district a few
years before Khalf obtained the power.
About the next coin. No. 3, I admit I have been long in
doubt ; and when I read the paper to the Society six
months ago, I stated my belief, that it must belong to one
of the princes of the Soffaride dynasty one of the smaller
ruling families which made their appearance in Oriental
history in the fourth century of the Khalifat. I expressed,
too, a doubt whether or not it might not be classed with the
coins of Noh ben Nasr, the fifth prince of the Samanides,
who ruled at Bokhara between A.H. 331 343, A.D.
52 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
943 954. These doubts are now dispelled, as I am now
able to read on the obverse the name of Khalf, the ruler of
Seistan of whose coins I have this day exhibited to the
Society some of the best specimens. 1
The legends are as follow :
Obv. -
Marg.
A.H. 334.
Several letters are left out in this inscription, but the
date is sufficiently clear.
Rev. - 4L - ^JlCjuuXxM - <OJ\ Jj-; - J^O^c
Margin. Apparently the remainder of the Second Symbol,
commencing with ^jdb <&LcjU etc., etc. PI. No. 2.
There can be no doubt that the name i_4W, the letters
of which are very small, refer to Khalf, to whom, also, the
following coins belong.
With regard to Khalf ben Ahmed, to whom I have
attributed this coin, it is known that he ruled in Sejistan,
or Seistan, during the 4th century of the Hejra. They
have considerable interest, from the light they thus throw
upon a very obscure portion of Oriental history, and on a
district about which we have few, if any, records ; and
also from the fact, that no other coins of this Prince have
been published in any of the many works which record
the Oriental treasures of the European museums. \ may
1 Mr, Thomas attributes this coin to Hussain ben Tdhir, a co-
temporary of Khalf ben Ahmed, whose identification will be found
in full detail in the forthcoming number of the Journal of the
Royal Asiatic Society, in a paper on the coins of the kings of
Ghazni.
COINS OF SEISTAN. 53
state, too, what indeed the members of the society are
able to judge from their own inspection, that the coins are
in a perfectly unaltered condition, and though, in some
instances, partially broken or defaced, have no appearance
of having been injured by circulation. They would seem,
indeed, with the exception of occasional fractures, to be
as nearly as possible, as when they left the die. As the
inscriptions are generally nearly the same, I will not
occupy the time of the society by a separate descrip-
tion of each specimen, but will content myself with stating
the principal features of the whole collection, and with
throwing together at the end of the paper, for the informa-
tion of Oriental students, all the inscriptions on each coin
in one list.
The usual inscription is, on the
Obv. The name of the Khalif, and then
(JiX^. - Jc*oj>~i .jJ u-filrv.
Kholf ben Ahmed.
And on the
Rev. The usual inscription, Muhammed is the Prophet of
God, with the date.
The names of three Khalifs who reigned in succession
are found upon them ; those of Al-Mostakfi-lillah, A.H.
333334, A.D. 944946; Al-Moti-lillah, A.H. 334363,
A.D. 946 974; and Al-Tai-lillah, A.H. 363 381,
A.D. 974 991. The dates of A.H. 360, 366, 375 (A.D.
971,977,985) are distinctly legible ; on others, there are
other individual numeral words, but none sufficiently com-
plete for us to be perfectly sure of the year. As, however,
the first-named Khalif, Al-Mostakfi, only reigned part
of two years (namely, A.D. 944 946), we are able to
determine, with considerable accuracy, the date of the
54 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
commencement of the series. If then, A.H. 333, A.D. 946,
be taken as the beginning of the rule of the dynasty,
we know, at least, that Kholf was still on the throne,
A.H. 375, A.D. 971, 42 years subsequently; and we have,
therefore, evidence capable of proof from these coins,
that the dynasty to which he belonged, endured at least
as long as this. The only place of mintage is Seistdn,
which is of some interest, as showing how purely a local
currency this was- Indeed, it is this very limitation of
its sphere, which has, doubtless, rendered these coins
themselves unknown. This name may be quite distinctly
read on one of the coins, and can be inferred from part
of the word which occurs on another.
The well-known Oriental history of the Khalasat al
Akhbar, gives the following account of this Prince
" In the year A.H. 353, Kholf, the son of Ahmed,
descended by the mother's side from the Sufariah or race
of Leis ibn Omar, being compelled, by the revolt of one
of his principal subjects, to abandon the province of
Seistan, now sought the assistance of Amir Mansur, and
receiving from him an ample supply of troops and treasure,
was enabled to return to his capital, and to resume, with
additional lustre, his authority in the territory of Nemniz.
This Kholf, the son of Ahmed, is represented at the same
time as equally adorned and distinguished by his acquire-
ments in all the learning of his age and country, by the
liberality and benevolence of his mind, and by his un-
bounded patronage of genius and science, however ex-
hibited " (Price, vol. ii. 243).
We further learn, from a subsequent passage, that
Kholf was living as late as A.H. 394, in which year he
incurred the wrath of Mahmud of (Jliazna, then the chief
ruler of Asia, West of the Indus, who ultimately defeated
COINS OF SEISTAN. 66
him, and shut him up in the fortress of Jurgan where he
died, probably soon after; but the date is not given.
The last coin of this collection is a very well preserved
one, of the famous Mahmud of Ghazna. It is, like the
rest, in gold, and was struck at Ghazna in A.H. 418, A.D.
1039. It is not unlike several published by Mr. Edward
Thomas, in his memoir on the Kings of Ghazna. As
Mahmud reigned from A.H. 388 421, A.D. 9981030,
it must have been issued near the close of the eventful
reign of that celebrated conqueror.
The coin bears on the Obverse in the area, the usual
legend, " There is no God but God, and He has no equal,"
and the name of the Khalif, K Al Kader Billah" whose
reign extended to the unusual length of forty years,
and synchronizes exactly with the whole of that of
Mahmud.
Round the inner circle is the date, A.H. 418, and the
place of mintage, Ghazna ; and on the outer circle, is
a legend, taken from the xxx Surah of the Koran, ver. 4, 5,
to the effect "That dominion, both past and future, is of
God, and in that day the faithful shall rejoice in the aid of
the Lord."
On the Reverse is the usual statement that Mohammed
is the Prophet of God, and on the margin, a longer legend,
made up of two selections from Surah ix. ver. 33, and Ixi.
ver. 9, of the Koran, to the effect " Mohammed, the
Apostle of God, whom He sent with instruction and the
true faith, that he might exalt it above all other creeds,
even though unbelievers be adverse thereto."
With the transcript of the legends on each specimen,
which here follow, I conclude what I have at present to
say of the small but curious collection of coins, which
Sir H. C. Rawlinson has placed in my hands.
56 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
LEGENDS ON COINS OP KHOLF BEN AHMED.
4. Obv. c - <OJ'. -
Marg. &j \A$JJ * - ^J
PI. No. 3.
5. Obv. <d) j-jUal^ - *iJl J^-j - Juo^sy* - ai!
Ji/argf. Illegible, but probably part of Second Symbol.
Rev. jkAsJ ^J c_al
Marg. fa Uilj j ^^j*
A.H. 375. PI. No. 4.
6. Obv. =** - &\ - J^, - j^sj^
r. Nearly obliterated, but part of First Symbol.
Rev.
A.H. 365. PI. No. 5.
7. Obv. ^ - & jjUaM -...!!
Marg. ..... - *J& jjl blto . . .
Marg. . . . ^^ j . . . PI. No. 6.
8. Obv.- fc . . . - *U! - J
Marg. Part of First Symbol
l i X Jo-j
U - <dJ
c-
Sejistdn, A.H. 3 .
A/
COINS OF TASCIOVANVS.
ON SOME COINS OF TASCIOVANUS.
9. Obv. U^ - <Ur- Jj-u >j -
Marg. Probably part of First Symbol.
Rev.
Marg. Date ? but nearly gone.
10. Obv. -
Marg. Gone.
Marg. Gone.
VIII.
ON SOME COINS OF TASCIOVANUS, WITH THE
LEGEND " VER. BOD."
[Read before the Numismatic Society, March 25th, 1858.]
ON the 23rd of May, 1850, Mr. Roach Smith presented
to this Society casts of a copper coin found in Suffolk,
on the borders of Essex, bearing on the obverse an
ornament, partly formed of two crescents back to back,
with an inscription partly retrograde, then supposed to be
VRE above the ornament, and RCI below ; the device of
the reverse being a horse, walking, with the legend TASCI
This coin was commented upon by Mr. Beale Poste, in
the Journal of the Archaeological Association, Vol. VII.
p. 22, who made out the legend to be VREIS R which,
VOL. XX. I
58 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
in conjunction with the TASCI on the reverse, he expounded
as meaning, Prasutagus, Rex Tasciovanus, '' Prasutagus,
King and Ruler/' and regarded the coin as finally esta-
blishing the titular sense of TASCIO, as sovereign or
ruler.
In some remarks upon Mr. Poste's Coins of Cunobeline,
and of the Ancient Britons, which were published by me
in the pages of the Numismatic Chronicle (Vol. XIV.
p. 126), I ventured, from the singularity of the weight,
type, and workmanship of the coin, to throw some doubts
on its authenticity ; but maintained that, even supposing it
to be genuine, the inscription VRE RSI had yet to be ex-
plained. I must now confess, that my doubts with respect,
to the authenticity of the coin, have proved to be entirely
unfounded, and that I was in error in supposing it other-
wise than genuine. But this is not the only error that
has now to be rectified, as from the two specimens of
the same class lately discovered, it is evident that the
legend of the obverse was misread on Mr. Roach Smith's
coin.
In the accompanying Anastatic plate, I have given, I
hope, faithful representations of two out of the four coins of
this class, that are at present known ; they are both in the
National collection, the third in that of Mr. Roach Smith,
and the fourth in my own collection.
On the obverse of each is an ornament, formed of two
crescents, back to back, their cusps terminating in four
of the angles of an elongated hexagon. On the first
coin the legend is distinctly VER, retrograde above the
ornament (in which two pellets are inserted between the
crescents), and BOD below. On the other coins, the
legend is VRE (retrograde) BOD, the more perfect pre-
servation of the coin No. 2, enabling us to correct the
ON SOME COINS OF TASCIOVANUS. 59
reading of the specimen that was formerly exhibited by
Mr. Roach Smith, which is of the same type.
The reverses present us with two types, that of No. 1
and of my own coin, being a horseman with a spear to the
left, and the legend, TA SCI A. That of No. 2 and Mr. Roach
Smith's coin, being a horse without a rider, and the same
legend. They are all of brass or copper, and their weights
are 57 grs., 52 grs., 23 grs., and 64 grs. respectively.
Three of the coins are stated to have been found in a
barrow in Suffolk. The fourth, as I have before remarked,
to have been found in Suffolk, on the borders of Essex.
The questions suggested to my mind by the examination
of these coins, are, first, is there anything in the type,
workmanship, or inscriptions, such as would lead to the
conclusion that the word TASCIA upon them, must be
regarded in some other light than as representing Tascio-
vanus the father of Cunobeline ? And secondly, in what
manner is the inscription VER or VRE BOD to be inter-
preted ?
Now with regard to the types of these coins ; it is true
that the ornament on the obverse bears a considerable
general resemblance to that which appears upon some of
the silver coins of the Iceni, 1 and on the gold coins found
in Norfolk (Hawkins, No. 2), and some of the gold coins
of Addedomarus (Num. Chron. Vol. xviii. p. 155), and,
therefore, suggests a probability, that these are coins of the
Iceni, and, in consequence, not to be classed with the other
coins bearing the name of Tasciovanus. But it by no
means follows that this is the case ; on the contrary, I have
shown some eight or nine years ago (Numismatic Chronicle
Vol. xii. p. 127), how nearly the types of the Icenian coins
1 See Num. Chron. Vol. xv. p.
60 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
are allied to those of coins of Tasciovanus ; and the dis-
covery of the present coins with TASCIA upon them, and
with a type very similar to that on the Icenian coins, is
now only an additional instance of a resemblance already
known. The provenance of these coins in Suffolk, upon
the borders, or even within the bounds of the supposed
territory of the Iceni, does not assist the hypothesis, that
these are not coins of Tasciovanus, but only goes to prove
that his dominions abutted upon, or even comprized some
portion of the Icenian territory. I have, indeed, heard of
an instance of one of the coins inscribed TASCIO RICON,
having been found near Norwich, and possess one found
at St. Ives. On all the silver Icenian coins, there are,
moreover, remains of the wreath (the badge of the de-
rivation of the type), running at right angles to the
hexagonal ornament, containing the crescents, and a sort
of leaflets, springing out from the angles. These are
both wanting on the coins now under consideration, and
the ornament upon them bears as close, if not a closer
resemblance, to the centre portion of that on one of the
coins of Verulamium struck by Tasciovanus, as to that
on the Icenian coins. A representation of this type is
given in the PI. (No. 4), from an imperfect specimen
in my own collection, restored in part, from Ruding,
PI. v. No. 5. The reverse of this piece is also a horse to
the left, with the legend, TASCI. In Stukely, PL xiii.
No. 5, is engraved a coin, which, though not at present
known, may, possibly, have been in existence in
Stukeley's time, and which much more nearly resembles
these coins ; it cannot, however, legitimately be brought
forward in evidence. As to the horse on the reverse,
it is a common type on coins of Tasciovanus in all metals
the horseman is also a favorite device, though I am not
ON SOME COINS OF TASCIOVANUS. 61
aware of any instance where he is armed with a spear in
a similar manner, to what he is on No. 1.
There is nothing, therefore, in the type of these coins,
that is in any way irreconcileable with their being the
produce of the mint of Tasciovanus.
With regard to the workmanship, there can be no doubt
that its character is very peculiar and very different from that
of some of the coins of Tasciovanus. The horses, more
especially, are tamer, and drawn with less spirit, than those
usually found on his coins. There is, however, so wide a
range in the art displayed upon the different pieces struck
both under Tasciovanus and Cunobeline, their workmanship
varying from the most barbarous; style (such as Ruding,
App. PI. xxix. 9, and Akerman, PI. xxiv. 16), to one nearly
approaching that of contemporary Roman coins (such as
Ruding, PI. v.34 and 17), that we cannot say that there is
anything in the workmanship of these pieces to preclude
the possibility of their having been struck under Tascio-
vanus. If their style does not closely resemble that of
any of the known coins of this monarch, it certainly comes
no nearer to that of any other class of British coins, and
is entirely different in feeling and character from that of
the silver Icenian coins, the ornament on which approxi-
mates in general form, though, by no means, in the minor
details, to that on the obverse of these coins. The same
may be said of the weight of the coins, which is nearly
equally anomalous with the workmanship. But does their
inscription militate against the hypothesis that they were
struck by Tasciovanus? Most assuredly not ; for we find
TASCIA upon them, which, in all other cases, there are
reasonable grounds for supposing to represent his name,
and his name alone, being found only upon his coins or
those of his sons, Cunobeline and Epaticcus. Its con-
62 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
junction with VER-BOD forms only an addition to a series
of similar inscriptions, where the name of Tascia is found
in combination with apparently the name of some town,
as TASCIA VER (for Verulamium), TASCIO-SEGO (for
Segontium), TASCIO-RICON (for the name of some town,
probably unknown, and which I cannot agree with Mr.
Haigh 1 in thinking to have been Uriconium).
A specimen of this latter class of coins, which was found
at St. Ives, is given as No. 3 on the Plate and will serve
still farther to illustrate the analogy of the types of the coins
under consideration with those of other recognized coins of
Tasciovanus.
My answer, then, to the first question propounded is, that
there is nothing in the type, workmanship, or inscriptions
on these coins inconsistent with their attribution to Tas-
ciovanus.
The second question, in what manner is the inscription
VER or V RE-BOD to be interpreted is not so readily an-
swered. It would not be fair upon my part to forestal the
school of antiquaries, who disbelieve in the existence of
Tasciovanus, and regard his name as a mere title, or I
might at once suggest, that we had here on the first type
the name and titles of K the female Vergobrete, Boadicea
the Ruler," and on the second, the joint names of " Prasu-
tagus or Vreisutagus and Boadicea the Rulers," the one
type having been struck before and the other after the
decease of Prasutagus. I might also point out how the
finding in Suffolk confirmed this attribution, and how the
horseman with the spear, on the reverse of the first coin,
typified the masculine spirit of Boadicea ; but I will refrain
from occupying another's ground, and acknowledge that I
1 Num. Chron. Vol. iv. p. 27.
ON SOME COINS OF TASCIOVANUS. 63
have no solution of the legend to offer that can be based
on a surer foundation than that of the merest conjecture.
When, however, we meet with such inscriptions upon
ancient British coins as TASCIA VERBOD, TASCIO RICON,
etc., we must be content either to receive a hypothetical inter-
pretation, founded upon historical and numismatic analogy,
or else to leave the interpretation of such legends entirely
in suspense. If adopted " without prejudice " to any
future discoveries, the former course is perhaps the more
satisfactory, though, beyond doubt, the latter is the safer
plan. An explanation of a difficulty, even if erroneous,
may sometimes form a stepping-stone to a true solution,
so that I have the less reluctance in offering the following
interpretation of the legend now before us.
It appears to me, then, that the name of some town may
have been intended by the VER BOD upon the coins, but
whether that of Verulamium, with the addition of some
distinguishing title commencing with Bod, or that of some
other town which may formerly have existed, with some
such name as Verbodunum, is a matter for further con-
jecture. The probabilities are rather against its having
been intended for Verulamium, as in that case the trans-
position of VRE for VER, which occurs on three out of the
four coins, could hardly have occurred with even such rude
and barbarous workmanship. In favour of the latter hy-
pothesis, is the fact that we have already the names of
several British towns commencing with Ver besides that
of Verulamium, as Verlucio, Verometum, Verterae, Viro-
conium, Virosidum. in Britain, and Verbinum and Viro-
dunum, in Gallia Belgica, . so that such a name as
Verbodunum would be borne out by analogy, both with
these and such names as Cambodunum, Camulodunum,
Branadunum, Maridunum, Burgodunum, etc. It will also
64 NUMISMATIC CHKONICLE.
be borne in mind, that a goddess, Verbeia was worshipped
in Britain, 1 an altar inscribed VERB El AE SACRVM having
been discovered at Ilkley, in Yorkshire (Olicana). If it were
then from the Celtic divinity Camulus 2 that Camulodunum
received its name, we should here have a Verbodunum
receiving its name in like manner from the goddess Verbeia.
Verbeia has, however, been supposed to have been a local
nymph or goddess personifying the river Wharf, which runs
by the place where this altar was found. That there is no
mention of such a place as Verbodunum or Riconium
(assuming such a place to be typified by the RICONI of
the coins), is the less surprising, when we consider that it is
quite as improbable, that the names of all the British towns
should have been recorded by the Roman geographers as
that those of all the British princes should have been
chronicled by the Roman historians. Of the princes whose
names appear upon the coins, but few are mentioned in
history ; we find, indeed, the names of Commius, Cunobeline,
and probably Dubnovellaunus ; but who has ever read
of Tasciovanus, Eppillus, Addedomaros, Tincomius or
Epaticcus, and the many others whose names we are
as yet unable to complete. The supposition that
VER BOD represents the name of a town, is moreover, as
I have before incidentally remarked, supported by the
analogy of the coins reading TASCIA VER, undoubtedly
-struck at Verulam, and those reading TASCIO SEGO,
which, especially since the discovery of the gold coin of
Epaticcus, there is good reason for supposing to have been
struck at Segontium.
1 Gough's Camden vol. Hi. p. 239 and 289 ; Weight's Celt,
Roman, and Saxon, p. 295.
2 See Lelewel Type Gaulois, sect. 115; Gough's Camden,
"1. ii. p. 122, etc.
ON SOME COINS OF TASCIOVANUS. 65
Such, then, is the conjectural hypothesis I venture to
throw out ; and those who adopt it in preference to leav-
ing the question entirely in suspense, will regard these
coins as having been struck under Tasciovanus, at some
town within his dominions, whose name they will, for the
present, consider to have been Verbodunum, until further
discoveries either confirm or lead them to change their
opinion.
JOHN EVANS.
VOL. xx.
(50
MISCELLANEA.
(The fallowing, taken from the American " Historical Magazine" Vol. /.,
.\ u. 1 0, may be regarded as a supplement to Ending's Account of Colonial
Money.}
An American Coin, or Medal was issued in 1776, an inch and
u half in diameter ; on one side was inscribed, in a circular ring
near the edge, CONTINENTAL CURRENCY, 1776, within the ring, a
rising sun, with the word FUGIO at the side, shining upon a dial,
under which was the motto MIND YOUR BUSINESS. On the reverse
were thirteen small circles joined together like the rings^of a
chain, on each of which was inscribed the name of some one of
the thirteen States : on another ring, within these, was inscribed
AMERICAN CONGRESS, and in the centre, WE ARE ONE. No coins
were ever in circulation, as currency, of this type ; but copies of
the Medal are extant struck in white metal. 1
In 1763, there were coined at Annapolis, in Maryland, Shillings,
Sixpences, and three-pences ; they bore on the obverse the in-
scription, J. CHALMERS, ANNAPOLIS, around a wreath, in which
are two hands clasped. On the reverse, ONE SHILLING 1783, in-
closed by a circle ; in the centre of the coin are the figures of
two birds with a branch in their beaks.
These coins are quite rare, and are seldom to be found, even in
the locality where they were coined.
There is, in the collection of the writer, a copper coin, believed
to be unique, of nearly the size of the half-dollar. Obverse,
MASSACHUSETTS STATE, with a pine tree, in the centre of the coin.
Reverse, LIBERTY AND VIRTUE, 1776, a female seated on a globe
holding in her right hand an olive leaf, in her left a staff. Of
this date there is al o a copper coin the size of a half-cent, having
on one side a Janus head, and on the reverse GODDESS OF LIBERTY,
1 A medal of this type, in white metal was procured by H. G. Somerby,
Esq., while in England in 1853, and presented by him to M. A. Stickney,
E-<I., of Salem, in whose collection the writer saw it.
67
1776. 2 The die for this and the preceding coin, is believed to
have been cut by that well known patriot of the Revolution, Col.
Paul Revere, who was by trade a goldsmith and engraver. 3
A copper coin of the size of a half-cent, supposed to have been
struck at this time (1776), has upon one side thirteen stars, which
run parallel to and are equi-distant from each other. Upon the
reverse are the letters u. s. A., the s being of larger size and partly
extending across the other letters.
Another copper coin, called the Columbia Token, without
date, of about the size of a dime has on the obverse a head with
the word COLUMBIA ; reverse, a female figure seated, holding a
balance ; of this there are three varieties.
The most common of the so-called Washington Cents, bears
on the obverse a laureated head with the inoription WASHINGTON
AND INDEPENDENCE, 1783. Reverse, a wreath with UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA, ONE CENT. Another of the same date, with a
similar head, has on the reverse a figure of Liberty seated, holding
in her right hand a branch of olive, and in her left a staff sur-
mounted by a liberty cap, with the words UNITED STATES
above.
In 1783 a cent was issued having in the centre of the obverse
an eye, with rays diverging from it and surrounded by thirteen
stars, encircling which are the words, NOVA CONSTELLATIO, the
reverse bears a wreath of laurel inclosing the letters u. s. ; around
the coin is the legend, LIBERTAS ET JUSTITIA, with the date,
1786.
In 1776, was coined a New York cent ; the obverse bears a
bust supposed to have been intended for General Washington in
the costume of the Continental Army ; encircling it is the motto
* In the collection of M. A. Stickney, Esq.
3 Paul Revere and Nathaniel Kurd, of Boston, Amos Doolittle, of New
Haven, and an Englishman, named Smithers, in Philadelphia, were the
only engravers in America at that time (1775). Hurd engraved as early as
1760. Revere began a little later. In 1766, he engraved a picture em-
blematic of the repeal of the Stamp act. This, and a caricature, called
the Seventeen Rescinders, were very popular, and had nil extensive sale.
He engraved and published a print in 1770, representing the -'Boston
Massacre," and in 1774 he engraved another of a similar size, representing
the landing of the British troops in Boston. In 1775, he engraved the
plates, made the press, and printed the bills of the paper money ordered by
the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts. Lossing, Vol. I, p. 317.
Feb. 2, 1781. The Government of Massachusetts paid to Paul Revere,
of Boston, for engraving a seal under the Constitution of the State, 8 in
silver, 15 of the State paper money, of the new emission, and 600 of the
old emission. Mass. Records.
One Spanish milled dollar was equal to forty dollars of the old emission
of paper money, at this time; and one dollar and seven eighths of a dollar
of the new emission was equal to one dollar of silver. J. B. Felt.
68
NON Vi VIRTUTE Vici. The reverse has the figure of Liberty,
seated on a pedestal, holding in her right hand a staff surmounted
by a liberty-cap, and in her left the scales of justice; around the
coin are the words NEO EBORACENSIS, with the date, in the
exergue, 1786.
The Vermont Cents were coined for four successive years
one variety has on the obverse an eye with rays extending from
it which are divided by thirteen stars ; around the coin are the
words QOARTA DECIMA STELLA; reverse, the sun rising from
behind the mountains, a plough in the foreground, with the
legend VERMONT ESSIUM RES PUBLICA, with the date, 1785.
Another type has, upon the obverse, a poorly cut head with the
words VERMON AUCTORI ; on the reverse, INDE ET LIB. with the
date, 1788. Another with the same legend, reads ET LIB INDE,
1788.
The Connecticut Cents bear dates 1785, 1786 and 1787. The
obverse has a head with the words AUCTORI CONNEC : on the
reverse a figure of Liberty holding a staff in one hand, and an
olive branch in the other, surrounded by the motto INDE ET LIB :
and the date. There are many varieties of this cent, all of which
are very poorly executed.
There is a rare cent of the following description. Obverse, a
laureated head with the inscription AUCTORI : PLEBIS. Reverse
a female seated ; at her right hand a globe, on her left an anchor
on which she is reclining; legend, INDEP : ET. LIBER. 1787.
Without date, is a Cent having on one side the motto UNANIMITY
is THE STRENGTH OF SOCIETY, encircling a hand holding a scroll,
on which is subscribed OUR CAUSE is JUST. Reverse, fifteen stars
in the form of a triangle ; on the stars are indented the initials
of the several States, Kentucky heading the column. This was
struck at Lancaster, England, in 1791, for circulation in America,
and was called the KENTUCKY CENT.
The New Jersey Cents bear dates 1786, 1787, and 1788, of
several different types varying slightly from each other ; on the
obverse a shield surrounded by the legend E PLURIBUS UNUM ;
on the reverse, the State Arms, a horse's head and a plough, with
NOVA CAESARAE, 1786.
A rare copper coin of 1787 has upon the obverse a female
figure in a sitting posture, holding in one hand a spread banner,
and in the other a balance ; around the coin is inscribed IMMUNIS
COLUMBIA, 1787. On the reverse, a spread Eagle with the
legend E PLURIBUS UNUM.
In 1787, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ordered from its
mint, a copper coin having on one side an Indian with his bow
and arrow, near his forehead a star around the coin the word
COMMONWEALTH ; on the other side the American Eagle holding
69
in his right talon an olive branch, in the left a bunch of arrows,
on its breast a shield on which is inscribed the word CENT,
around the edge of the coin MASSACHUSETTS, 1717. Half cents
of the same type were struck. 1 This coinage was continued for
two years, but upon the adoption of the Constitution of the
United States, which prohibited the several States from coining
money, the mint was abolished. 2 A few thousand dollars had
been struck in cents and halves, but without any profit arising
from it.
A New York Cent of 1787, has upon the obverse an Indian
standing with a raised tomahawk in his right hand, and in his
left a bow ; encircling the coin is the inscription LIBER NATUS
LIBERTATUM DfiFENDo. On the reverse are the arms of the State
of New York, with the date 1787 and the motto EXCELSIOR.
Another type has the same obverse, but bears on the reverse an
eagle standing on a half globe with the inscription NEO EBORACUS
EXCELSIOR, 1787.
In 1787, the General Government ordered that their coin
should bear the following devices. On one side, thirteen circles
linked together, a small circle in the centre with the words
UNITED STATES around it, and in the circle WE ARE ONE. On
the reverse, a dial with the hours expressed upon it, with FUGIO
on the left, and the date, 1787, on the right; a meridian sun
above the dial, and, below it, the words MIND YOUR BUSINESS.
In 1791, the celebrated Washington Cent was issued bearing a
well-cut bust of Washington in military costume, around which
is inscribed WASHINGTON PRESIDENT. On the reverse a spread
eagle with upraised wings ; eight stars below a circle of clouds ;
in the right talon of the eagle a branch of olive, in his left a
bunch of arrows; below the figure the words ONE CENT. This
type is of the greatest rarity. Another variety bears the same
style of head and inscription; the eagle on the reverse is much
larger than the first mentioned, and holds in his beak a scroll on
which is inscribed UNUM E PLURIBUS over its head the words
ONE CENT; in his right talon a branch of olive and in his left
a bunch of thirteen arrows on the outer edge of the coin is
indented UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
1 Oct. 17, 1786. A vote was passed by the Massachusetts Assembly to
establish a mint; and 70,000 dollars of cents and half cents were ordered to
be made. Part of the works and machinery for the mint was erected on
Boston Neck, and a part at Dedham.
9 One section of the U. S. Constitution provides that no state should
"coin money, emit bills of credit, or make anything but gold and silver a
tender in payment of debts."
70
la the collection of the United States Mint is a very remark-
able gold coin, equal in value to a doubloon; it was coined in
New York by Blasher, whose name it bears. Obverse, a range
of hills, sun rising behind them ; in front a representation of the
sea; encircling this, the inscription NOVA EBORACA. COLUMBIA.
EXCELSIOR. Reverse, a spread eagle surrounded by a wreath,
outside of which is UNUM E PLURIBUS, with the date 1787,
A copper coin or Medal, was struck in 1792 of about the size
of a half dollar, having a fine cut bust of Washington in military
costume, around the coin, G. WASHINGTON PRESIDENT. I. 1792.
Reverse, a spread eagle with fifteen stars, and UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA. A few coins were struck in silver from this die; they
are known as the Washington half-dollars.
Bearing date 1794, is a cent of the usual size with the inscrip-
tion on the obverse TALBOT ALLUM & LEE, NEW YORK. ONE
CENT. Device, a ship under full sail. Reverse, a full length
figure of Liberty, holding a staff surmounted by a liberty cap in
her right hand; with her left she supports a rudder at her side.
A bale of merchandise on her right. Legend, LIBERTY & COM-
MERCE, 1794. Another variety bears date 1795. The first is
engraved in " O'Callaghan's History of New York."
Besides the Washington Cents, previously mentioned, are the
following: Obverse, bust of Washington. Legend, WASHINGTON
PRESIDENT, 1791. Reverse, LIVERPOOL HALFPENNY; device, Ship
under full sail.
Another, same obverse as the preceding. Reverse, HALF
PENNY, 1793, Ship under full sail.
Another, bust; GEORGE WASHINGTON. Reverse, LIBERTY &
SECURITY, 1795. Device, spread eagle over the American Shield,
on which are emblazoned the stars and stripes.
Another, GEORGE WASHINGTON having a finely executed bust
of Washington, but without date. Reverse, the American Eagle
over a shield which bears the stars and stripes. On the edge
of the coin AN ASYLUM FOR THE OPPRES'D OF ALL NATIONS.
Another of larger size probably intended as a medal. Ob-
verse, bust, GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1796. Reverse, GEN'L OF
THE AMERICAN ARMIES, 1775. RESIGN'D THE COMM'D, 1783.
ELEC'D PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 1789. RESIGNED
THE PRESIDENCY, 1796; within a circle in the centre, military
trophies and a banner on which is inscribed REPUB: AMER:.
All of the above are finely executed, and specimens of them
are quite rare.
Upon the establishment of a mint by the United States, in
1792, Congress passed a law that no copper coins, except the
71
cuts and half cents, authorised by the ;ict, should be current,
thereby preventing the circulation of the English pennies, half-
pennies and farthings, and also the copper coins of the several
states, New York, Vermont, New Jersey, Connecticut and Mas-
sachusetts. 1
J. C.
THE WASHINGTON CENTS.
(From the "American Historical Magazine" Vol. /., No. 4.)
Herewith is a communication made to the " Pittsburg Morning
Chronicle," in 1843, by Dr. Jonas R. McClintock, who was
then the Chief Refiner of the United States Mint. As various
and conflicting statements have appeared from time to time,
respecting what is termed the " Washington Cent," this paper
may (if not too long) be deemed worthy of insertion in the
" Historical Magazine." Full reliance may be placed on the facts
stated ; they were furnished to Dr. McC., by the venerable Mr.
Adam Eckfeldt, a most estimable gentleman, who had been
engaged in the construction of the first machinery for the mint,
and who had always held an office in the establishment until his
voluntary retirement in the year 1839, on account of advanced
age. During the most of the time he had filled the office of
Chief Coiner. After his retirement from duty, and until his
decease in 1852, he passed the most of his time at the mint, in
which a room was allotted to his use. In that room I have
passed many pleasant hours with him in interesting conversations
about the early operations of the mint, as well as about matters
of the " olden time " generally, of all which his recollections
were very clear.
' The immense quantity of old copper money had become burdensome
to the community; in addition to the coinage of several States, was the
miserable worn-out English half pence. In 1749, the Government of Great
Britain granted to the Colony of Massachusetts 653,000 ounces of silver
and 10 tons copper which was received for redemption of paper money.
The copper was in coins of George II. principally " Wood's half-pence,"
large quantities of them were melted up by founders. In 1854, a large hoard
of the latter coins was found on excavating for the foundation of a block of
warehouses in Congress street; they were buried several fret under ground.
72
Mr. Eckfeldt had reserved a few of these Washington Cents-
The one, which I possess, was kindly presented to me by him
several years before his decease. It is now before me as sharp
and fresh as when it was first struck. The date is 1791; and it
corresponds exactly with the description given by Dr. McClintock.
Wax impressions of both the Obverse and the Reverse are
furnished herewith : around the edge are the words, " United
States of America."
RETSILLA.
Philadelphia, Sept. 19, 1857.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 5th, 1843.
To the Editors of the Morning Chronicle.
In perusing your paper a few days since, I noticed a descrip-
tion of specimens of the " Washington Cent," said to be in pos-
session of residents of your city, accompanied by a statement, that
only thirteen similar pieces had been struck at the mint. I would
have corrected the error at the time, had not business interposed,
and am now induced to undertake the task, in view of the
multiplied mistakes of a subsequent article, contained in the
Chronicle of the 28th ultimo.
In the course of your latter observations on the subject, you
introduce the story (perhaps true) of the discovery, some fourteen
years ago, at Norfolk, Va., of one hundred pounds of copper
coins, bearing the likeness of Washington, that had been imported
from Birmingham, England, which, with the numerous resurrec-
tions of like character, that from time to time have been reported,
is calculated to lead to the belief, that the cent in the possession
of the Albany Institute, and those in the private collections of your
citizens, are of like spurious origin.
The correspondent of the "Albany Daily Advertiser," it
appears, expresses the opinion, " that neither of the specimens
referred to, were taken from the die General Washington ordered
to be broken," having been led to this conclusion, from what
he assumes as a fact, " that there were no cents coined in the United
States until 1783."
The judgment expressed in the first part of the preceding
paragraph, as well as the statement in the latter clause, will in
the sequel be clearly demonstrated to be erroneous.
73
The cent preserved in the Albany Institute, is thus described,
proving it to be a fac-simile of the pieces at Pittsburg, and pre-
senting the distinguished marks of the genuine die. " It has on
the front the bust of Washington, with the circular inscription,
' Washington President,' and below ' 1 791 ; ' on the reverse, is
the American Eagle, with arrows in one claw, a leafy branch in
the other, and a scroll issuing from his mouth; and supported
on the shoulders, with the inscription, 'Unum E Pluribus;''
neither of the surfaces presenting stars.
The foregoing would have been more conclusive in relation
to the true character of the specimen, if it had given the words,
"United States of America," on the edge, and "one cent" (the
denomination of the piece) on the reverse, which the genuine spe-
cimen presents.
You have here, a perfect likeness of one of the tivo designs for
the cent of 1791, which has been ascertained by a careful com-
parison with a well authenticated sample in the cabinet of the
U. S. Mint, from which I have taken a matrix in fusible metal,
the accompanying impressions in wax having been thus obtained.
These models, will enable the possessors of those interesting
relics of the past century, to judge of their true or counterfeit
character. (The writer here refers to the impressions in wax,
which he has been so kind as to send. We regret that we
cannot give an engraving of them, for the satisfaction of our
readers.)
I have confined my remarks to but one of the three different
designs of the \Vashingfon copper coins, prepared for the adop-
tion of the Government, in consideration of the fact, that it is not
only more generally known, but the one, on which the recent
newspaper speculations have been founded.
To prevent, if possible, the destruction of any of the three
varieties now in the keeping of the curious the following descrip-
tion, and fac-similes of specimens in the custody of the Treasury
Department, are appended.
These cents were unquestionably coined at the periods indicated
by their dates, and consequently one, and two years previous to
the issue of the first adopted copper coinage from the presses of
the mint in the latter part of 1793, under the provisions of the
act of the preceding year.
The first cent of 1791, corresponds with the description
already given. The second issue of 1791, has the same obverse
as the first, with the exception of the absence of the date ; the
reverse, exhibiting a change in the model of the eagle, in the
substitution of stars for the motto and scroll, and in the transfer
of the year from its position below the bust to this, its opposite
VOL. XX. L
74
surface the words, " United States of America." being milled
on its edge or circumference, as in the previous specimen.
The increased diameter of the " 1792 " cent, will readily dis-
tinguish it from the former two. It presents on one side, an
enlarged bust, underneath which is the date 1792, and encircling
which is the inscription, " G. Washington President, I : " and
on the other surface, an Eagle, much larger, but of similar model
to that of No. 2, the date being restored to the obverse, as in
No. 1 ; and neither surface displaying the words, " one cent."
The dies from which these specimens were struck, were the
only ones known as " experimental," (of the cent domination),
and that were executed with the knowledge and consent of the
public authorities. Others, it is true, were engraved, retaining
the Washington head and coupling it with various devices, but
without the countenance of the officers of the Treasury.
Nos. 4: and 5, are impressions from this spurious, or other
unauthorized coinage, the history of which, it is found impossible
to trace.
No. 4: presents on one side, the likeness of Washington, and
bears the record, " George Washington, born Virginia, Feb. 1 1 th ,
1732," (old style,) and on the opposite " General of the American
Armies 1775 resigned 1783 President of the United States
1789."
No. 5 is much larger, with the name and likeness of Washing-
ton, on the obverse, and the Eagle perched on the shield, over-
hung by the motto, " Liberty and Security ; " on the reverse, the
edge displaying the sentiment, " An Asylum for the oppressed of
all nations."
These are but two representatives of a great variety of un-
authorized coinage, now carefully cherished in the cabinets of
Institutes and individuals, as the true impressions from the dies
executed under the eye of Washington.
It may not prove uninteresting whilst engaged in discussing
the subject of the " Washington cents " to refer briefly to their
history.
At an early period after the establishment of the Government
under the present Constitution, the question of a national coinage
commenced to be agitated, and whilst the Secretary of the
Treasury and Congress were deliberating on the matter, and prior
to the passage of the law establishing the mint in April, 1792,
artists were engaged, with the knowledge of the proper
authorities, in devising models and sinking dies for their ap-
proval.
It was under this partial supervision, and antecedent to the
completion of the mint, that Mr. Jno. Harper, (an extensive
75
manufacturer of saws), then located on the comer of Sixth and
Cherry Streets, caused dies to be engraved under the direction of
Mr. Robt. Birch, [Qu. Robert Scott?] and which were, it is
believed, executed by a German artist in his employment, with
the exception of the lettering, which in all probability was done
by himself.
From these dies, all the Washington cents were struck , those
of 17i>l having been manufactured in the cellar of the premises
occupied by Mr. Harper, on a press supposed to have been im-
ported from Great Britain on his own account, and those of 1792
on a press fitted up in an old coach shop in Sixth street near
Chesnut, and directly opposite Carpenter street, its site being at
present occupied by a more modern building, appropriated to the
manufacture and sale of coaches.
The latter press was manufactured at Mr. Harper's own ex-
pense, under the supervision of Mr. Adam Eckfeldt, who sub-
sequently superintended the building of all the machinery
of the mint, and finally became the chief coiner of that In-
stitution.
The planchets used in both the authorized and unauthorized
experimental coinage, were obtained from old stills, (the purest
copper to be found at that period), the refining of copper ores
having been very imperfectly understood.
There were more than two hundred of the experimental
Washington cents stamped during the years 1791 and '92, at the
place indicated in this city, the dies for which were severally
rejected The first "Liberty Head" cent without the "cap,"
derived from a French Medallion, was not adopted until the
latter part of 1793, and circulated but little until the following
year, when the " cap" was introduced and the chain that encircled
the words " one cent " on the reverse, was abandoned for the
wreath of laurel.
The various designs of the artist were discountenanced by both
President and Congress, having been viewed as too close an
imitation of the " Royal Master," from whose domination the
people had so lately declared themselves free. The dies were
thereupon secured, and destroyed, and the pieces manufactured
withdrawn from the artist, not having been recognized as of any
value by the laws. Of the number withdrawn many fortunately
have been preserved as curiosities. It is very reasonably sup-
posed that a quantity of these pieces were left in the hands of
the engraver's friends, and in the possession of members of
Congress, of which a number, no doubt, are the Pittsburg and
Albany specimens.
The foregoing facts, connected as they are with the earliest
76
movements of one of the Departments of our Young Republic,
and of which no record has heretofore been made, are rendered
the more valuable from the knowledge that, they have been
derived from a contemporary of the master spirits of our Revo-
lution. If in correcting the unintentional mistakes of the Press,
it has been my privilege to rescue the smallest point of history
from oblivion, my purpose will be fully realized.
J. R. Me .
En 1843, parut 1' " Annonce d'un ouvrage sur les me'dailles de
Vancienne Afrique, par MM. Falbe et Lindberg," dont se souvien-
dront sans doute encore ceux qui s'interessent a la numismatique
ancienne. L' annonce portait que le Roi de Danemark, alor^
Christian VIII, avait charge MM. Falbe et Lindberg de preparer
et de publier cet ouvrage ; on y donnait un apercu des recherches
de M. Lindberg sur les monnaies de Carthage, de la Numidie et
de la Mauritanie, et un article sur les monnaies de Lixus y etait
joint conime specimen. Cette annonce contenait en meme
temps une invitation a MM. les directeurs de tous les cabinets
publics et a MM. les proprie"taires de collections particulieres
d'envoyer au cabinet royal de medailles a Copenhague des em-
preinte de monnaies appartenant a 1'ouvrage.
M. Falbe, connu comme numismate habile, etait reste long-
temps a Tunis et a Ath^nes en qualite de consul danois et avait
des relations tres etendues en divers pays. M. Lindberg, par
ses traites sur des inscriptions et des monnaies pheniciennes,
s'etait attire 1'attention des savans Strangers, et ce qu'il commu-
niquait dans 1'annonce faisait naitre des espe*rance bien fondles.
Les ambassadeurs et les consuls de Danemark s'^tant aussi
inte>esse a 1'entreprise, 1'invitation cut un plein succes, et il arriva
au cabinet de Copenhague un grand nombre d'empreintes (plus
de 5000) avec les designations y appactenantes de presque toutes
les collections de quelque importance de 1'Europe. Les deux
auteurs se mirent aussit&t & 1'examen de ces riches mate"riaux.
Mais bientot des circonstances impr^vues mirent empe'chement
au progres de 1'ouvrage. M. Lindberg fut nomm a des
fonctions ecclesiastiques qui I'^loignerent de la capitale et de*-
tournerent son activity de 1'ouvrage. M. Falbe mourut en 1849,
et le travait cessa tout a fait. Enfin en 1857, M. Lindberg
77
etait sur le point de le reprendre lorsque la mort vint aussi le ravir
a la science.
Cependant le Gouvernement danois n'a pas voulu abandonner
une entreprise scientifique qui avait deja cause tant de travaux
et de si grandes depenses, et a laquelle on s'etait interess^ a
1'etranger avec tant d'empressement; c'est pour cette raison
qu'il a charge" le sousigne d'achever et de publier 1'ouvrage.
Je ferai tous mes efforts pour que cet ouvrage re"ponde aux
exigences actuelles de la science, et je compte employer & ce
travail tout le temps dont je pourrai disposer.
Une suite d'anne"es s'est e"coule"e depuis que le cabinet de
Copenhague, graces & 1'annonce faite par MM. Falbe et Lindberg,
re$ut les empreintes de monnaies des collections de T^tranger.
On a fait de nouvelles decouvertes de monnaies africaines, et
il n'y a pas de doute que les collections n'en aient re9u des pieces
importantes pour 1'ouvrage en question. Pour ne rien negliger
de ce que pourrait contribuer a le rendre aussi complet que
possible, je prends la liberte de m'adresser a MM. les directeurs
ou proprietaires des collections qui ont deja auparavant pret
leur assistance et de les supplier, au cas qu'ils aient acquis depuis
des pieces qu'ils regardent comme in^dites ou rares, ou qui se
distinguent par leur conservation surtout sous le rapport des
legendes puniques, de vouloir bien en faire remettre des em-
preintes au cabinet de Copenhague. Si dans d'autres collections
qui n'ont pas encore contribue a 1'ouvrage, il se trouvait de telles
pieces, je me permets, dans 1'int^ret de la science, de faire le
meme appel a la bienveillance de leurs possesseurs. Je n'ai pas
besoin d'ajouter, qu'il est d'importance, que les empreintes soient
bien distinctes et que le poids des monnaies soit indique".
Dans la premiere annonce on promettait un exemplaire de
1'ouvrage, & titre de don, & qui aurait fait parvenir une centaine
d'empreintes. Un nombre assez considerable de collections, tant
publiques que particulieres, ont pas leurs envois acquis des droits
legitimes a recevoir un exemplaire des que 1'ouvrage paraitra.
Je m'estimerais heureux de pouvoir reussir a remplir cette pro-
messe dans une epoque pas trop eloignee.
L' ouvrage sera publi en fra^ais et contiendra les parties
suivantes : 1. Cyrgnaique, 2. Syrtique, 3. Byzace"ne, 4. Zeugitane,
5. Numidie, et 6. Mauritanie. Ces parties paraitront successive-
inent dans 1'espace de deux on trois ans.
L. MULLER,
Copenhague, Mars, 1 859. Inspecteur du Cabinet Royal de Medailles.
VOL. XX. M
79
IX.
NOTE ON SOME ROMAN COINS DISCOVERED IN A
HYPOCAUST AT WROXETER.
[Read before the Numismatic Society, April 28th, 1859.]
Temple-place, Strood, April 26th, 1859.
SIR,
BY the kindness of Mr. Wright and Dr. Johnson, I am
enabled to communicate to the Numismatic Society a list
of 132 Roman coins, found under circumstances which
invest them with particular interest.
You are doubtless aware, that excavations are being made
upon the site of the Roman Uriconium, under a committee,
from funds contributed by voluntary donations. The site
was one of very unusual promise for exploration. Urico-
nium was one of the most important towns of Roman
Britain, enclosing, I believe, upwards of 1000 acres within
its walls. After its ruin, this wide extent of ground re-
mained unoccupied, except to the comparatively small
extent of the village of Wroxeter : the foundations, there-
fore, of the Roman buildings were left in situ. The plough
and draining operations had, from time to time, disclosed
here and there tesselated pavements, shafts and capitals of
decorated columns, inscriptions, and coins innumerable,
among which was the unique full-faced Carausius formerly in
my Cabinet and now in the British Museum. From such ante-
cedents, it was rightly judged that well-directed researches
would be rewarded ; and the result of the excavations up to this
day (although not more than two acres have been examined)
VOL. XX. N
80 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
is most encouraging. Of the full discoveries made I do not
pretend to speak. They have been well reported from time
to time. It is only to an episode in these researches to
which I wish to direct the Society's attention, as one of par-
ticular interest and importance.
Mr. Wright states, that in the hypocaust, or one of the
hypocausts, "of what appears to have been a splendid
mansion, were found three skeletons ; one of a person ap-
parently crouching in a corner, the others stretched on the
ground by the side of the wall. An examination of the
skull of the person in the corner shows it to have been that
of an old man. One, at least, of the others was a female.
Near the old man lay a little heap of Roman copper coins,
in such a manner as shewed they must have been contained
in a confined receptacle ; and a number of small iron nails
lying among them, with traces of decomposed wood, leaves
no doubt that this was a little box or coffer. We are justi-
fied, from all circumstances, in concluding, that in the
midst of the massacre of the inhabitants of Roman Urico-
nium, these three persons, perhaps an old man and two
terrified women, had sought to conceal themselves by
creeping into the hypocaust, and perhaps they were suf-
focated there."
Mr. Wright, after giving some further details (which
I need not here quote), remarks on the interest attached
to this authenticated discovery, inasmuch as by it we
learn what were the identical coins actually carried about
by an inhabitant of this Roman town in Britain at the
moment when the town was destroyed.
The catalogue I send herewith will give you full informa-
tion on this point ; and I am sure you will agree with us in
thinking it is not without value.
The two earliest (chronologically), those of Tetricus and
ROMAN COINS DISCOVERED AT WROXETER. 81
Claudius Gothicus, and the latest, that of Valens, are much
worn from circulation ; and the coin of Constans is in much
the same state. But the others, and they are all of the
Constantine family, are comparatively fresh, and bear no
marks of having been worn much, if at all, by traffic.
The worn condition of the coin of Valens indicates that
the catastrophe which hastened the death of the three per-
sons in the hypocaust, and probably destroyed the town,
took place at some period during the reign of Valens, or
a little subsequent to it. Now, it was in this very reign that
Theodosius was sent into Britain to check the inroads of the
Saxons and Picts, as well as to put down what appears to
have been an internal insurrection (see Ammianus Marcelli-
nus, lib.xxvii., xxviii.); audit is extremely probable that
Uriconium may have been one of the towns which had, ere
his arrival, been partially overthrown, and which was then
restored by Theodosius. On this extremely interesting ques-
tion, we may hope for fresh evidence from the excavations
now being made.
I have stated, that the coins of the Constantine family ap-
pear as if but little afiected by circulation. My opinion is,
that they were portions of the vast quantities minted in the
time of the emperors whose names they bear; but not
issued until a considerable time had elapsed, probably not
until the reign of Valens. The uniformity of type, and the
prevalence of two places of coinage, Lugdunum (Lyons) and
Augusta Trevirorum (Treves), favour this conjecture.
C. ROACH SMITH.
To W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., President of the Numismatic Society.
List of Coins (chiefly in small brass) found with the Skeletons
in the Hypocaust at Wroxeter.
TETRICUS.
One of the Fides Militum type, much worn.
82 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
CLAUDIUS GOTHICUS.
Rev. CONSECRATIIS. An eagle.
CONSTANTINVS MAXIMVS.
Obv. CONSTANTINVS . MAX . AVG. Diademed or
wreathed head to the right.
Rev. GLORIA EXERCITVS. Two soldiers: between
them, two standards, or (in three instances) a single
standard.
Mint Marks. 1 ? . CONST., 3; TR . P, 6; SL . C., 1 ;
illegible, 3. Total. 13.
CONSTANS.
ev. FEL . TEMP . REPARATIO. The emperor stand-
ing in a galley, rowed by a Victory. (Much worn.)
CONSTANTINVS II.
Obv. CONSTANTINVS . IVN . NOB . C. Head, to the
right, laureated ; bust in armour.
Rev. GLORIA EXERCITVS. Two soldiers standing;
between them two standards.
Mint Marks. TR . P. or TR . S., 15; P . E . C., 9;
CONST., 3 ; illegible, 9. Total, 36.
CONSTANTIVS II.
Obv. FL . IVL . CONSTANTIVS . NOB . C. Laureated
head to the right; bust in armour.
Rev. GLORIA EXERCITVS. Two soldiers and stand-
ards.
Mint Marks. TR. , S., 3 ; D, 1 ; SMTST, 1. Total, 5.
JULIANVS.
A plated Denarius.
Obv.FL . CL . IVLIANVS .P.P. AVG. Diademed
head, to the right.
Rw.VOTlS X . MVLT . XX, within a wreath.
HELENA.
Obv. FL . IVL . HELENAS (sic) AVG. Head to the
right.
Rev. PAX PVBLICA. A female figure standing, holding
in the right hand a branch, in the left a hasta pura ;
in the field a cross >K la exergue, TR . P.
Another, without the *%>. Total, 2.
1 Exergual letters.
ROMAN COINS DISCOVERED AT WROXETER. 83
THEODORA.
Obv. FL . MAX . THEODORAS AVG. Head to the
right.
Rev. PIETAS ROMANA. A female standing, suckling
an infant. In the exergue, TRP.
VRBS ROMA.
The usual type.
Mint Marks. PL . C., 11 ; TR . P. or TR . S, 10 ; il-
legible, 3. Total, 24.
CONSTANTINOPOLTS.
The usual types.
Mint Marks. TR . P., 20; P . L . C. or S . L . C., 9; O .
SIS., 1 ; S . CONST, 1 ; illegible, 3. Total, 34.
VALENS.
Olv. D . N . VALENS ....
Reo. SECVRITAS Victory, with wreath
and palm branch, marching to the left. Much cor-
roded. 1.
Rude copies of some of the foregoing coins .
Extremely corroded .....
. ,. 6
6
1
Tetricus .......
Claudius Gothicus .....
1
Constantinus I. ......
13
Constans .......
1
Constantinus II. ......
. 36
Constantius II. . . . .
5
Julianus .......
1
Helena ... ...
2
Theodora .......
1
Urbs Roma
. 24
Constantinopolis ......
Valens .......
. 34
1
Barbarous copies ......
Corroded and illegible .....
6
6
Total number . . . .132
84 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
X.
ON COINS OF MARATHUS, AND OF KAMNASKIRES
AND ANZAZE.
I HAVE much pleasure in laying before the Numismatic
Society copies, in gutta percha, of some very curious coins
which have been lately acquired by the British Museum, and
which are now deposited in the national collection. They
consist of
2 coins of Marathus, in Phoenice.
2 of Kamnaskires and Anzaze.
1 attributed by me to Enydra.
I of Byblus or Gebal.
These coins, I shall, for convenience, describe consecu-
tively ; reserving for a later part of this paper such obser-
vations upon each as I may think it advisable to make.
I will now describe each of these coins separately.*
1. MARATHUS. Tetradrachm.
Obv. To right, a female head, wearing a turreted head-
dress. The hair massed over the forehead and along
the line above the ears, and falling in tresses on the
neck.
Rev. Two inscriptions
MAPA9HNftN, to right.
(33-n&? 33rd year.) to left.
Between the inscriptions, a naked male figure seated
to the left on shields, holding in the right hand an
acrostolium the ornament of the prow of a galley
and in the left a light spear or javelin ; over the left
* From the want of a complete fount of Phoenician letters,
the inscriptions in that character, which are generally on the
reverse, will be rendered, as far as possible, by the corresponding
Hebrew letters.
COINS OP MARATHUS AND KAMNASKIRES. 85
arm a small portion of drapery may be noticed. The
coin is slightly hollowed, which has tended to pre-
serve the reverse.
M. Size, 8 ; weight, 257^ grs.
2. MARATHUS. Hemidrachm.
Obv. Female head to right [perhaps that of an Egyptian
or Syrian queen] ; over the hair at the back of her
head, and over the neck, a close-fitting veil.
Rev. Two inscriptions
. . . APAGHNflN, to right.
(34. HP, 34th year.) to left.
Between the inscriptions, a half-draped male figure
standing, holding in the right an uncertain object,
and resting the left arm on an upright base or
column. jR. Size, 3 ; weight, 36 grs.
3. KAMNASKIRES and ANZAZE. Tetradrachm.
Obv. Busts placed side by side, but turned to the left,, of
Kamnaskires and Anzaze. The head of Kamnaskires
is bound by a broad fillet ; his hair is massed over
the forehead ; his neck is bare, but over his chest
and shoulders is a closely-fitting dress, apparently
adorned with pearls and jewels ; he has a mousta-
chio, and a long peaked beard. Anzaze wears a
high Oriental diadem, above which her hair is visi-
ble in two principal masses. Her breast is draped,
and she wears a necklace of pearls. Behind the
busts is the monogram constantly found on the coins
from southern Babylonia. [See Num. Chron. vol.
XVIII. p. 139.]
Rev. . . BAEIALI AEKIPOY. . . . BAEIAIEEHE
ANZAZHE. Zeus Nikephoros sitting, to the left, on
his throne, holding a small victory in his right hand,
who stretches out a wreath towards him, and resting
his left hand on a spear. Below date, AAE.
M. Size, 7 ; weight, 242-j-^ grs.
4. KAMNASKIRES and ANZAZE. Drachm.
Obv. The same type exactly as in that of the preceding coin.
Rev. BAEI AmE RAM . . . KI Same type exactly
as in that of the preceding coin, but nearly defaced.
/I. Size, 3f ; weight, 61 grs.
86 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
These coins of Kamnaskires and Anzaze are not abso-
lutely new, two specimens (the first that arrived in England)
having been described by me in the Numismatic Chronicle,
Vol. XVIII. p. 139, etc., and also by Colonel Leake. In
that paper I stated, that there had been a doubt whether the
royal name should be read Kamnaskires or Kapnaskires,
and that I inclined to the former. The present specimens
do not throw any additional light upon this point, the in-
scriptions having been much injured : I have however
deemed them worth engraving, because the types of the
obverses are in such fine preservation.
I proceed now to give some account of the individual
coins themselves, and of the places or personages which
are commemorated on them; and I take first those of
Marathus.
The general history of Marathus is pretty well known,
it having been noticed more or less by many ancient writers
who have turned their attention to the East. It was a city
on the coast of Syria, to the north of, but nearly opposite
to, the island of Aradus, and on the borders of the province
of Phosnice. Diodorus, 1 Polybius, 2 Arrian, 3 Curtius, 4 and
Pliny, 5 speak of its wealth and greatness ; while the first-
named writer gives a special account of the feuds which
constantly existed between it and the islanders of Aradus ;
who, in the end, after more than one attempt, succeeded in
destroying the power of their rival by the aid of Ammonius,
the prime minister of Alexander Balas. The story of the
Sicilian historian states, that Ammonius was bribed by
the treacherous Aradians with a present of 300 talents;
1 Diod. Sic., Reliq., lib. xxxiii. 5 (Ed. Didot).
2 Polyb. v. 68, who states, that Antiochus put an end to the
disputes between the people of Aradus and Marathus.
3 Arrian, Exped. Alex. ii. 13, who calls it, at the time Alex-
ander was there, peyuXriv KOI iv^aifiova.
4 Curt. iv.l. 5 Plin.v.19.17.
COINS OP MARATHUS AND KAMNASKTRES. 87
and that the islanders set at nought the usual laws of civi-
lized warfare, by destroying some very ancient images of
the local deities, and stoning the ambassadors whom the
people of Marathus had sent to treat with them. The fall
of Marathus is attributed to the period between the 162nd
and 166th year of the JEra of the Seleucidae, corresponding
with the date of B.C. 149 145, at which period Alexander
Balas was on the throne.
Strabo 6 adds this information, that, in his day, the district
round Marathus was under the dominion of the Aradians,
whose yoke it was probably never able to shake off.
It is worthy of remark, that, in the text of Strabo, 7 another
place, which he calls Enydra, occurs immediately before
Marathus ; and from the course of his description, which
passes from north to south, must have been immediately to
the north of it. Of this place I believe I have found a small
coin, which has hitherto remained unobserved among the
class called, in our ignorance, " Uncertain Phoenician." It
may be described as follows :
5. ENYDRA.
Obv. Head of Jupiter to the right, within a circle of dots.
Rev. GN, in the field, and below Phoenician letters probably
for J"IKD JIB* [100th year], and a galley, on which
is, apparently, a figure of victory.
M. Size, 2f ; weight, 37 grs.
Now no one, I believe, who examines this coin, in connec-
tion with those of Marathus, would doubt that it must have
belonged to some place in the immediate neighbourhood of
Marathus. The general character of the workmanship,
and the identity of the form of the Phoenician letters on the
Strab. xvi. p. 753 : T Etr'"Evu2joa KCU Mapafloe TroXtc
up^aia Ka.Ta.cnra(Tp.f.i>r)' TIJV <Se ^wpaj' 'Apudiot KareK\ripov')(ri<ra.v.
1 Strab. xvi. p. 753.
VOL.XX. O
88 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
reverse the occurrence of the galley, so common a type
of the coins of Phoenicia all, in my mind, point to the
same conclusion. Again, the name of Enydra, no less than
that of Marathus, may fairly be considered to refer to some
local peculiarities of the place. Now Marathus seems to be
only a Graecised form of the Phoenician mfi (Marath),
itself for the Hebrew HID (Marah, bitter; cf. Lat. Amarus) ;
and there is a story in Strabo so curious, and so much to
the point, that I cannot doubt that the name is connected
with the incident recorded by that geographer, if not derived
from it. Strabo, 8 speaking of Aradus which, he says, was
opposite to, and about two miles from, Marathus on the main-
land remarks, that they obtained their necessary water
either from cisterns, or from the opposite shore ; " but in war-
time they obtain their water from the strait itself, a little in
front of the town, where there is an abundant fountain of
water (i. e., rising from under the sen) ;" adding, " but the
water that is first drawn up is salt like the sea ; but after
waiting awhile for the flow of the pure and potable water,
they collect it in vessels prepared for the occasion," etc.
Now, it seems likely enough, that this remarkable fountain
should have given its name to the place so near it. More-
over, if the hypothesis with regard to the name of Marathus
be correct, it is quite probable that the word Enydra
CEvvSpa) conveyed to a Greek ear the same idea that Marath
did to a Phoenician. Possibly, too, after the fall of Marathus,
this latter name may have been preserved among the Grae-
cised population of the sea-coast.
Again, it is remarkable, that both Marathus and Enydra
have left their names among the modern local appellations.
Thus, Pococke 9 speaks of abundant ancient remains, such
8 Strab. xvi. p. 754.
9 Pococke (Richard), Description of the East, vol. ii. p. 203.
(Lond. fol. 1745).
COINS OF MARATHUS AND KAMNASK1RES. 89
as a rock-hewn temple, a monolithic house and chambers,
and a circus, at Amreet ; and of a remarkable spring close
to it, called the Ain-el-Hyeh, or " Viper's Fountain." It is
no great stretch of imagination, to conceive that Amreet
may represent Marath, and Ain-el-Hyeh, Enydra, even if
the Arabic name be not an actual corruption of, or assimi-
lation to, the original Greek. In any case, the story of the
submarine fountain, as recorded by Strabo, and the fact of
the existence, in modern times, of the " Viper's Fountain,"
is curious, and seems to point, not improbably, to an ancient
connection between these places, if not to their actual
identity.
I may add, that, with regard to the form Marath, there
are many other not dissimilar examples in Semitic numis-
matics; as, for instance, Amathus, in Cyprus, is, doubtless,
from Dn (Hamath).
To recur to the coins themselves. The first point to be
established is, whether the specimens I have laid before the
Society this evening, and others to which I shall allude in
the course of this paper, are really coins of Marathus ?
Now, on this head, I think there can be little doubt;
indeed, none at all, if MAPAGHMiN, the Greek word on the
reverse, be admitted, as I presume it will be, to refer to the
people of Marathus in Phoenice. We are not, however,
left to conjecture on this question; for the ethnical name of
the people is written, in Strabo and other authors, MapaOfjvos
and MapaOrjvcuos ; while the Phrenician letters, taken in
connection with those on other coins, hitherto on good ground
admitted to belong to this place, confirm satisfactorily the
analogy pointed out in the case of Amathus and Hamath.
The types, too, on these other coins, bear out this statement.
Of these, the following have been commonly recognised as
belonging to this place.
90 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
1. Obv. A female head, turreted, like the tetradrachm I am
now describing ; over shoulders, a wreath.
Rev. Male draped figure, standing, turned to the left ; in
right, acrostolium or aplustre ; left resting at the
elbow on a short column.
2. Qhv. Laureated youthful head, perhaps that of Hermes ;
behind, over shoulders, a caduceus.
JRev. Male draped figure, standing, turned to the left ; in
- right, acrostolium or aplustre ; over left, a portion of
drapery.
3. Obv. Veiled female head, turned -to the right, as on the
drachm before us.
JKev. Male figure, as on the reverse of type No. 1.
Besides these, there are some other specimens, with
slight modifications of these types, which are also, in all
probability, coins of Marathus, but which do not, however,
admit of such complete proof.
Each of these reverses bears Phoenician legends, more or
less extensive, and consisting generally of two or more
letters, to which I shall presently call your attention. All
these types have, I believe, been given by Mionnet, though
some of them are placed under what he has called the
" Incerti Phcsnicise ;" but the inscriptions he has engraven
are not always trustworthy. In the British Museum there
is a good collection of each variety, some of which I
have placed before you this evening in gutta-percha copies.
I may add that, with the exception of the two silver spe-
cimens I have just described, all the coins of Marathus
preserved in the Museum are in copper.
With regard to the Phoenician legends on these coins.
I mentioned earlier in this paper, that, on the opposite
side of the two coins I am describing, are the Greek
words MAPA0IINQN, and certain Phoenician letters. On
comparing the various specimens of the series I have above
COINS OF MARATHUS AND KAMNASK1RES. 91
alluded to, as they are given in Mionnet, and as they exist
in the Museum collection, I find that the majority of those
which have been the best preserved contain a legend
in four Phcenician letters, placed behind the standing
figure : and then a second inscription, the letters of which
vary in number, placed before the standing figure. The
three first of these letters, behind, are invariably HI fi;
and with regard to them, we think all the palaeographers,
from Swinton to Gesenius, are clearly right in believing
that they indicate the native name of the ancient town,
Marath. The fourth letter is not in all cases the same ;
but admits of an explanation which is, on the whole
satisfactory. It must be taken in connection with the
letters following, and which may be seen in front of
the standing figures. These letters no doubt represent
numbers ; the mass of evidence, on this subject, which has
been brought together by Gesenius and others, leaving no
ground for any question as to the general correctness of this
interpretation. The varieties I have noticed are as follows :
IIIIIIO f>x? for
IIIIIIIIO 18
NN 20
IIIN 23
IIII-N 24
IIIIII-N 26
IIIIIII-N 27
IIIIIIINN 47
IIIINNN 64
IIIIIINNN 66
NNNN 80
IIIIIINNNN 86
I1IIIIINNNN 87
Where the o or indicates 10, and N indicates 20. In
92 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
three cases the number of the year exceeds 100, and then
either HXD, 100, is written at length, or one or more
letters of that word precede the units on the coin.
Thus we have
year 104
IIIIII 106
IIIIIII 107
Besides these letters, which form legends more or less
complete, and which we consider to admit of a certain
interpretation, other Phoenician letters are to be met with
scattered on other parts of the coins, but rarely in sufficient
numbers to form any recognisable word. They are most
frequently one on each side of the standing figure. There
is no means of determining to what they refer ; but it is not
unlikely that they are the initial letters of the name of the
magistrate during whose rule the coin was struck. They
clearly do not refer to the value of the coin, as they con-
stantly vary, while there are apparently only two sizes
of the copper specimens.
I have noticed the following :
i. PUS 2. &o 3. a& 4. n 5.
e. -pa 7. DI? s. K? 9. -pa? 10.
And this list might, I doubt not, be increased.
It is to these shorter legends, that the letter often seen
immediately following after the name of the town is to be
referred.
With regard to the dates, it is a more difficult
matter to determine the sera from which they are reckoned.
As I have already said, the sequence of years I have my-
COINS OF MARATHUS AND KAMNASK1RES. 93
self noticed ranges between 14 and 107. Now, if these be
supposed to refer to the aera of the Seleucidae, the date
most usual on Syrian coins, we must suppose these coins to
have been struck between the years B.C. 297 204. Nor
do I imagine, that there is anything unnatural in this
hypothesis, if we except the coin of Enydra, which is of late
and Roman times ; for the general character of the work-
manship on these coins may belong to a period as early as
the third century before the Christian aera, while the form
of the letters harmonizes very well with that observable on
other money of that age.
There is, however, one difficulty which must not be
passed over; and it is this: that on many of the coins
which exhibit the smaller dates, such as 20, 47, etc., a por-
tion of the inscription is not perfectly legible; so that it is
quite possible that there may once have been an additional
10 or 20, now no longer to be detected ; while in the case
of the smaller numbers, such as 14, 16, and 18, it is not
improbable that they may really refer to the years of the
magistrates whose initials (according to the former hypo-
thesis) are supposed to be indicated by those letters which
are not included in the name of the town, or in other parts
of the numeral words. We are not assisted in the deter-
mination of this question, by the period when Marathus was
finally overthrown by the Aradians ; for it is remarkable,
that, though this event is distinctly described by Diodorus,
and the attack referred to the reign of Alexander Balas,
the precise year is nowhere mentioned ; while there is
another passage in the same writer, from which it may be
inferred that the actual destruction of the town was not
till somewhat later. All that can be assuredly gathered
from a comparison of the different passages is, in fact,
what Strabo relates a hundred years afterwards ; namely,
94 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
that the town of Marathus was destroyed by the Aradians,
and its lands divided by lot among the conquerors.
With regard to the type, so common on these coins, that
of the female with the turreted head-dress, I have nothing
especial to notice. This type, as is well known, was a
very common one in Syria ; indeed, is the one under which
the personage commonly called the Dea Syria, or Syrian
goddess (Astarte, or Venus Anaitis), is usually repre-
sented. [ may, however, remark, that this type is now
proved to be of earlier occurrence than has, I believe,
been generally suspected. On one of the best preserved of
the sculptures recently brought from ancient Nineveh, is a
representation of a king and queen seated at a banquet,
under festoons of vines and other foliage. It is remarkable,
that the queen wears a head-dress ornamented with towers ;
not, indeed, the same as that on this tetradrachm of
Marathus, but an earlier modification of the same type.
The name of this queen has not been preserved ; but that of
the king is well known. He was Ashur-ban-i-pal, the last
great sovereign of Nineveh, who was on the throne of
Assyria about the middle of the seventh century before
Christ. We know, then, from undoubted evidence, that this
style or fashion of ornamenting the head-dress was in prac-
tice in Western Asia about four centuries before we find it
represented on the money of the Graeco-Syrian towns, like
Tyre, Sidon, and Marathus.
On the obverse of the hemidrachm, and, as I have already
noticed, on several of the copper coins, the type is
that of a veiled female head, which, from the general
character of the work, would appear to be intended for
a portrait : it is not, however, so easy to determine who
the lady really is. It has been conjectured, from an appa-
rent similarity, that it represents the countenance of
COINS OF MARATHUS AND KAMNASKIRES. 95
Berenice, the wife of Ptolemy III. (Euergetes), king of
Egypt. I confess, however, that though there is a slight
resemblance in the two portraits, in the manner in which
the hair is dressed, and in the veil which covers the back
of each head, I do not find in history any sufficient justi-
fication of this hypothesis. The history of this Egyptian
Berenice is simply this : she was the daughter of Magas,
and was married to Ptolemy III. about B.C. 247 ; but,
except that her husband, a few years later, reduced Syria
under his rule, I do not find any other circumstance that
would connect her with that country or the town of Mara-
thus.
Nor do I think the evidence in favour of a Syrian
Berenice who, curiously enough, was on the Syrian
throne at nearly the same period is at all more con-
clusive. Of this Berenice, we know that she was the
daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus, and that she became the
wife of Antiochus II. (Theos), king of Syria, who put away
his former wife, Laodice, in agreement with a treaty he
made with the king of Egypt, and married Berenice in her
stead, B.C. 249. It appears, however, that she could only
have remained the wife of this Antiochus for about two
years ; for it is expressly stated, that, on the death of her
father, Ptolemy Philadelphus, in B.C. 247, Antiochus took
back his former wife, Laodice, who murdered Berenice
and her infant son, shortly afterwards, at Daphne in Syria.
I am not aware that any portrait of this Syrian Berenice
has been preserved ; and though it is possible, and the
dates would so far agree with the coins, I am not disposed,
on such slight evidence, to assert that the veiled heads on
these coins are portraits of either the Egyptian or Syrian
Berenice. Nor, indeed, are we driven to this necessity ;
for on comparing the copper coins of the first Antiochus
VOL. XX. P
96 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
and of one of the early Seletici (probably the first, though
which is not absolutely certain), I have found several which
bear a type strikingly analogous to the one on the silver
hemidrachm. Who may be the personage represented on
these Syrian copper coins is not ascertainable ; but I con-
ceive it is much more probable, that the type on the coins of
Marathus itself a place of considerable importance in the
northern part of Phoenice should be connected with them,
than that a connection should be made with Egypt upon an
hypothesis which 1 must hold to be imaginary.
With regard to the two other coins viz., those
of Kamnaskires and Anzaze I have little to add to
what I have already stated in the paper I alluded to at the
commencement of this article, and which has been printed
in Vol. XVIII. of the Numismatic Chronicle. In that paper,
I expressed my belief, that the rulers whose portraits are
given on those coins must have held sway over a district
usually known in ancient times by the name of Characene,
and now represented by the country called Irak-al-Arabi,
near Bussorah and the united mouths of the Euphrates
and Tigris. I then pointed out, that so far as it is of any
value the evidence of discovery was in favour of this
supposition, the only specimens then known having been
procured from a district south and south-east of Baghdad ;
while the assertion of Lucian, in his dialogue called Macro-
bii, that Mnaskires (or rather Kamnaskires) was Baa-i\ev<;
Ilapdvaiatv, is not necessarily adverse to this supposition,
inasmuch as the name of Parthians was used by the Roman
and later Greek writers with great laxity, and with a sin-
gular geographical indistinctness, in reference to almost
any oriental people, who, as a tribe or race, occupied lands
in and adjoining Persia. Further than this, I, at that time,
remarked, that I could see no satisfactory reason for Colonel
COINS OF MARATHUS AND K.AMNASKIRES. 97
Leake's hypothesis, that Kamnaskires was a Scythian, who
at some unknown period had seized on the western part of
Bactriana.
To all these views I still adhere. The only question that
can, I think, arise, is, whether these coins should be attri-
buted to Characene, or should be placed in what has been
generally termed the sub-Parthian class. For my own
part, I own I have little doubt, that the first attribution is, of
the two, the more correct ; for on these coins, though the
physiognomies are eastern, the inscriptions are always in
pure Greek, however badly the characters may in some
instances have been designed. On those of the sub-Par-
thian class, on the other hand, the legends, no less than the
types, are invariably in oriental characters. It will be
observed, that, for the correct reading of the names of .the
king and queen, we are still indebted to the specimens first
known and published ; and that, had the present coins
been the first found, or the only ones preserved, we could
not have determined, with any approach to certainty, who
they were who struck them. For the portraits, the admi-
rable preservation of the obverses of the present specimens
is invaluable ; and the inferior execution of their reverses
may, I think, be in great measure attributed to the care-
lessness with which the die has been placed upon the
metal.
It will also be noticed, that the manner in which the
hair is represented as rising above the diadem, is very
peculiar ; indeed, unlike that of any other coin with which
I am acquainted ; and, at the same time, that the general
character of these coins has considerable resemblance to
that of the money of the Parthian and Sassanian princes.
In conclusion, I shall briefly notice two remarkable coins
of Gebal, or Byblus, in Phoenicia, the first of which I have
only just acquired.
98 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
6. GEBAL.
Obv. A galley, terminating in the head of a lion; below, a
hippocarap, going to the left, and a shell; in the
galley are three warriors.
Rev. ^1J -|^n ^V2Ty (Azbaal Malek Gebal). A lion, to
left, springing upon and throwing down a bull.
A. Size, 6f . Weight, 203 gr.*
The second has been already published by the Duke
de Luynes, from a specimen which has been for many years
in the British Museum. It may be described as follows :
7. AZBAAL.
Obv. Hercules fighting.
Rev. A lion devouring a stag, and turned to the right ;
above is the inscription, 7J?3Ty^ (To Azbaal ; that is,
the coin of Azbaal).
M. Size, 51. Weight, 169 gr.' 1
I couple with these, chiefly for the purposes of illustration
and comparison, some other coins, which I have no doubt
belong to the same place and ruler, but which are not in
all cases so well preserved or so legible. I have not, how-
ever, deemed them of sufficient importance to have them
engraven.
8. Is a small specimen or drachm of the same.
This, though so small, is a remarkably satisfactory specimen,
as the whole of the legend is so clearly written, that
there cannot be a doubt about a single letter. The
principal type or subject on the coin is turned to
left. M. Size, 1-J-. Weight, 1 1-& grs.'
10 See De Luynes, PL XVI. fig. 46, for similar type on the
obverse ; the reverse, however, is different, and there is no trace
of any inscription. For this reason, it is probable that the Duke
de Luynes has classed this specimen among the " uncertain" of
Phoenicia.
11 De Luynes, PI. XV. fig. 37. ie Ibid., PI. XV. No. 41.
COINS OF MARATHUS AND KAMNASKIRES. 99
9. Another small coin of the same place.
Only two letters of the inscription can be read upon it, viz.,
... 33. It serves, however, to confirm the reading
on the previous coins. The type of obverse and
reverse is the same as on the preceding.
&. Size, 14. Weight, 10-& grs.
10. Is also a specimen of the same coinage.
The type is the same as that of the preceding coins, but
more of the legend has been preserved. Indeed,
were it not that the coin has been pierced to enable
some modern personage to wear it, the whole of the
legend might be decyphered.
M. Size, 1^-. Weight, 11 gr.
All these coins, I may add, are of considerable rarity ;
and, except in the collections of the British Museum and of
the Duke de Luynes, I am not aware that any other spe-
cimens have been preserved. Of their date, as no numeral
cyphers have been found on them, various opinions have
been and may readily be held. I have, however, myself
little doubt that they belong to the period of Artaxerxes I. ;
a time at which we know that several of the towns along
the Phoenician border of the Mediterranean possessed a
quasi-independence, with the power of striking money.
The Duke de Luynes observes (p. 90), that the type of
the lion devouring the bull follows that of the lion devouring
the stag ; and that this fact, taken in connection with the
disappearance of the square incuse, suggests that the money
of Azbaal is of a somewhat later period. I venture, how-
ever, to doubt the accuracy of this judgment ; because I
observe, that in the first of the coins of Byblus I have noticed
in this paper (No. 6), the type is that of the lion devouring
the bull, while the coin itself is evidently of the earlier
period ; and, secondly, because, on the second coin of that
place and king (No. 7), the square incuse still remains,
though the type is that of the lion devouring the stag.
100 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Gebal was the Hebrew or Phoenician name of the town
known in Greek history by the title of Byblus : it is men-
tioned in the prophet Ezekiel among the allies of Tyre :
" The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad [Aradus] were thy
mariners: thy wise men, O Tyrus, that were in thee,
were thy pilots. The ancients of Gebal and the wise men
thereof were in thee thy calkers" (Ezek. xxvii. 8, 9).
The name Azbaal may itself be translated, the " power
of God."
11. In conclusion, 1 will notice one coin, which the Duke
de Luynes has been inclined to attach to a distinct place
Cittium, or of Cyprus but not, so far as I can compre-
.hend, with any sufficient reason. It may be described as
follows :
Obv. The usual type of the Syrian Hercules.
Rev. The lion devouring the stag ; the type turned to right,
with the inscription, "pD ^y2^> (To Baal, the king) 13
1 cannot help observing, that, as the type is so nearly
identical with that of the previous pieces, which certainly
belong to Byblus, and as the only thing wanting is the
actual name of the king, the probability is strong that this
coin, like the preceding one, belongs to the same place.
It is in admirable preservation, and as fresh as if it had
been struck yesterday.
W. S. W. VAUX.
13 De Luynes, PI. XIV. fig. 25 bis ; with which compare the
coins attributed to Azbaal, and engraven in De Luynes, PI. XV.
figs. 3540.
ITurn, L'hron. 7bl XX. p. 84-
101
XI.
ON THE COINS FOUND UPON AND NEAR THE SITE
OF ANCIENT VERULAM.
[Read before the Numismatic Society, Nov. 25, 1858.]
AMONG the monuments of antiquity which from time to
time are found in this country, bearing witness to the
extent and duration of the Roman rule in Britain, none per-
haps are so important as the coins. Not only do they
afford the most conclusive evidence of the presence of the
rulers of the world ; but, when found upon and near the
sites of the towns which formed the centres of Roman
occupation, we may, in some measure, from their number
and the circumstances under which they are found, form
an estimate of the relative importance of these towns at
various periods of their history.
Even when all other traces of the towns have vanished,
beyond, perhaps, a few mounds of earth, or here and there
a fragment of a wall, cemented with mortar of too im-
perishable a nature to allow of its being ruthlessly destroyed
for building materials, or to mend the parish roads, the
coins, with which even now the soil seems to abound, carry
us back to the period when the now deserted fields were
covered with houses, and there were busy throngs of men
instead of the grazing cattle or solitary ploughman.
Jam seges est ubi Troja fuit : resecandaque falce
Luxuriat Phrygio sanguine piuguis humus ;
Semisepulta virum curvis feriuntur aratris
Ossa, ruinosas occulit herba domos.
102 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
But " Time, which antiquates antiquities, and hath an
art to make dust of all things, hath yet spared these minor
monuments ;" and the coins which, some sixteen or eigh-
teen centuries ago, may have formed part of the pay of the
Roman soldier, or the treasured hoard of a Romanized
Briton, are found uninjured, and even, in many cases, their
beauty improved, by their long sojourn in the soil.
As to the causes of the abundance of Roman coins in
particular spots, it may be worth while briefly to speculate.
Many of them, and especially those of the more precious
metals, probably formed part of hoards hidden in the
ground by their owners, who were afterwards, by some
unforeseen accident, prevented from coming to reclaim
them from their place of concealment. It must be borne
in mind, that, in addition to the greater insecurity of pro-
perty that then existed, as compared with the present time,
there were probably no banks of deposit in which small
sums could be received, nor were there many methods in
which the accumulations of money from trade and other
sources could conveniently be invested. It is therefore to
be expected, that, in towns of any magnitude, there must
have been a considerable aggregate amount of coined
money, of which a portion, at least, must have been kept
in places of concealment by its owners. It' is also not
unlikely that considerable sums were carried about the
person ; and, as we all know by experience, a large num-
ber of coins must, in consequence, have been accidentally
lost ; while, from the small intrinsic value of many, espe-
cially of the later coins, but little search would be made
after them, at the same time that their diminutive size
would render them more liable to loss. Of these minimi, the
number found upon most Roman sites is almost incredible.
Even in times more nearly coming down to our
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 103
own, the number of coins which, in one way or another,
have been committed to the keeping of the soil, is more
than at the first glance would have been considered pos-
sible. From the day that they were lost to the present
time, numbers of them have been no doubt continually
recovered ; but who that has been in the habit of looking
over the small handful of coins amassed by some village
collector or country watchmaker, has not been struck with
the number of coins of the first Edwards and Elizabeth,
and farthing tokens of James and Charles I., that are con-
tinually coming to light, and apparently in undiminished
numbers. In estimating, from the coins found at any given
spot, its comparative importance at the various periods
whose date is given by the coins, there are two or three
sources of error which must be taken into account. We
must bear in mind that coins of the more precious .metals
are not so likely to come into the hands of local collectors
as those of copper or brass. Their greater value, and the
laws of treasure-trove, have both a tendency to cause them
to be disposed of by the finder at some little distance from
the place of finding, or to an itinerant jeweller, rather than
to the village amateur. Such coins, also, if lost, were pro-
bably more diligently sought after than those of less value,
so that the bulk of those now found probably formed part
of buried hoards.
Another cause, also, has interfered to prevent their being
discovered so abundantly as the brass coins, inasmuch as,
from their not being so liable to oxidization, they more
readily attract the eye when turned up by the spade or
plough, and have accordingly, when near the surface, fallen
a prey to earlier generations of ploughmen. Moreover,
the gold and silver coins were at some periods scarcer in
proportion to the copper coins than at others, the Roman
VOL. XX. Q
104 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
coinage having undergone most material alteration between
the days of Julius and of Arcadius ; that period of some five
hundred years, over which the Roman coins found in this
country may safely be considered to extend. Another
cause of the comparative abundance of the copper coins is
their small intrinsic value ; so little that, in many cases, if
picked up by the ploughman, they had a fair chance of
being again restored to their resting-place in the soil, as
not being worth keeping ; and the same coins may thus
have been found over and over again by successive gene-
rations, until the inquiries and remuneration of some local
collector may have caused the finders to preserve what had
hitherto been regarded as worthless. It is, I think, this
class of coins which have long lain near the surface,
exposed to the action of the air and rain, which are now
found so oxidized as to be no longer capable of recogni-
tion, even by a practised eye. They bear, in most cases, a
large proportion to the better preserved coins, which are
mostly found at a greater depth in the soil, and have been
less exposed to atmospheric influences.
A reason for the scarcity of the brass coins of the so-
called first and second magnitude, in comparison with
those of smaller module, consists in their larger size having
rendered them more easy of discovery by former genera-
tions, and more likely, from their greater intrinsic value, to
be retained when found.
The site of ancient Verulam has long been known as
prolific of coins. Camden speaks of the " pieces of Roman
coine other whiles digged up there;" 1 and, since his time,
numerous collections have been formed upon this spot.
Gough 1 mentions, that Mr. Routh, who retired from
1 Camden, vol. ii. p. 71, ed. 1806.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 105
London, and died at St. Albans about 1770, had made a
large collection of Roman coins, which passed into the
hands of his daughter, Mrs. Affleck, of Colchester; and
that Mr. Whiston and Mr. Webster had many more. None
of these collections have I seen ; but among others, from
which, in addition to my own, the following catalogue has
been formed, I may mention, with all due gratitude to the
owners, those of the Earl of Verulain (to whom the greater
portion of the soil once covered by the ancient city from which
he derives his title now belongs), the Rev. Dr. Nicholson,
R. Grove Lowe, Esq., the St. Albans Archaeological Society,
the late James Brown, F.S A., and the late Mr. Nash.
The number of coins which have been examined by me,
I should estimate, speaking within moderate bounds, at
from three to four thousand ; but I have, unfortunately,
kept no record of the number of coins of each type that I
have seen, but have merely chronicled new types as they
have been submitted to my notice during the last sixteen
or eighteen years. Some idea of the proportion of coins
found to the new varieties which I thought it necessary to
enter in my catalogue, may be formed from the fact, that
of 171 coins, comprising those of twenty-three emperors,
found at the excavation of the Roman Theatre at Verulam,
so long ago as 1847, eighty-six were illegible, and the
remainder afforded but twelve additions to my catalogue.
Before proceeding, however, to the enumeration of the
coins, it will be advisable to give some slight sketch of
what was at one time a principal city of the land, and one
where probably there was a royal mint before ever the
Romans set foot in Britain under Julius, and certainly
before the days of the Roman occupation under Claudius.
The city of Verulam stood nearly due west of the present
town of St. Albans, only a small portion of which, including
106 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the church of St. Michael, is situate within the ancient
walls. It lay upon a gentle declivity, facing the east, and
running down to the small river Ver, or Verulam, which
formed its eastern boundary, while the remaining sides of
its somewhat irregular form were protected by a vallum and
deep fosse.
Its name is given as Ovpo\aviov by Ptolemy, Verolamium
in the Itinerary of Antoninus, and Verulamiurn in Tacitus,
while it appears as VERLAMIO on its coins. What was
its state before the Roman invasion, it is impossible to
determine. It has, however, been considered by some, that
this was the "Oppidum Cassivellauni " mentioned by
Csesar; and from the fact that we find the name of
Verulam upon coins which were struck within a short
period of his landing, it is probable that at that time it was
a place of importance. Certainly, it was the capital of
Tasciovanus, the father of Cunobeline, some of whose coins,
beside those bearing merely the name of the town upon
them, have been found here. The following may be men-
tioned :
Obv. VERLAMIO within the rays of a star-shaped
ornament.
Rev. A bull to the left, within a garland.
M. Weight, 33i grs.*
Obv. A cruciform ornament of converging branches, with
two crescents in the centre.
Rev. TASC. A horseman wielding a battle-axe; above
and behind the horse, a wheel.
A'. Weight, 84 grs. 3
Obv. VER within a beaded circle.
Bev.TASClA. A horse to the right.
JR.. Weight 21 1 grs. 4
2 Ruding, PI. V., No. 3, 4. 3 Ibid., PI. A., No. 96, 98.
* Ibid., Pl.V., No. 1.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 107
Obv. A rude head.
Rev. VER. Pegasus to the left, above a trefoil.
It is interesting to find these types, with the name of the
town upon them, upon the spot where they were struck, as
they place beyond doubt the correctness of the attribution
of these coins to Verulam. There were many other types
of British coins minted at Verulam ; but as no specimens
have been found upon the spot, I need not here enumerate
them. Several new types, in addition to those given by
Ruding, will be found in the Numis. Chron., Vol. XVIII.,
p. 44. One uninscribed type, in copper, has been found
there, similar to that engraved in the Numis. Chron., Vol.
XIX., p. 64, No. 11.
Of Cunobelinus there are none that can with certainty be
affirmed to have been struck at Verulam. It is, however,
probable that many of those on which the name of Tascio-
vanus appears in conjunction with his own, were struck
here, though Camulodunum appears to have been the chief
city of his dominions. Of his coins, some few have been
found here, but mostly in indifferent preservation. Beside
the two described below, I remember to have seen one with
the type of the centaur blowing a horn, and another with
the Victory killing a bull.
Obv. CVNOBE ) In two lines, on a tablet, across the
LINI. J field.
Rev. Victory, to the left, seated, and holding a garland.
Obv. CVNOBEL1NI. Galeated head to the right.
#ev. TASCIOVANI F. Boar, standing, to the right.
JEJ
5 Numis. Chron., Vol. XVIII., p. 44, 7.
6 Ruding, PI. V. 26. * Ibid., PI. V. 23.
108 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Such are the principal coins of the ancient Britons which
of late years have been discovered upon the site of one of
their principal cities. With them, indeed, the ancient
British coinage seems to terminate ; for soon after the
death of Cunobeline, the Roman occupation of Britain took
place ; and we know, at present, no coins struck by any of
the sons of Cunobeline, though possibly some may yet be
discovered, to fill up the short interval that the native
coinage could have subsisted after the termination of
Cunobeline's reign.
Verulam was, no doubt, soon taken in possession by the
Roman forces, as one of the strongholds of the Britons.
Indeed, in the days of Nero, it had become so Romanized,
that it was raised to the rank of a Municipium. The fol-
lowing coins, found there, must have been brought over by
the invaders, as they bear a date prior to the age of Clau-
dius. It will be observed, that there are several family or
consular coins among them, which may be regarded as a
sign of the early occupation of this part of the country ; a
fact to which the large 8 proportion of family coins found
near the site of a Roman villa at Hemel Hempsted, some
six miles from Verulam, also testifies.
Family Coins.
ANTONIA.
Obv. LEG. III. A standard between two eagles.
Rev. ANT. AVG. III. VIR. R.P.C. A galley.
,EU>
CARISIA.
Obv. MONETA. Female head.
Rev. T. CARISIVS. The implements of coinage.
8 See Arch, xxxiv, p. 397.
9 Riccio, 40. 10 Ibid. 3.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 109
NAEVIA.
Obv. S. C. Head of Diana.
Rev. CN^E. BALE. Victory in a quadriga ; above,
LXXVII. JR."
PROCILIA.
Obv. Head of Juno Sispita. Behind, S.C.
Rev.L. PROCILI F. Juno Sispita in a biga.
JR.**
All the above are denarii.
AUGUSTUS.
Obv. CAESAR AVGVSTVS. DIVJ. F. PATER PATRLE.
Rtv.C. L. CAESARES. AVGVSTI. F. COS. DESIG.
PRINC. IVVENT. Caius and Lucius, standing,
with shields and hastae. Above, the lituus and
simpulura. &.
Obv.-DlVVS AVGVSTVS PATER.
Rev. PROVIDENT. S. C. A temple.
JE. 2.
TIBERIUS.
Obv.-TL CAESAR. DIVI. AVG. F. AVGVSTVS.
Rev. PONTIF. MAXIM. A seated figure.
JR.
CLAUDIUS.
Obv. . . . CLAVDIVS CAES. AVG.
Rev. Illegible. JE. 1.
Obv.Tl. CLAVDIVS CAESAR. AVG. P. M. TR. P.
IMP. P. P.
Rev. S. C. Minerva, standing, with spear and shield.
M. 2.
It is evident that most of these coins must have been
brought into this country by the first Roman settlers or
soldiers, which are, in fact, probably synonymous terms.
The expedition of Claudius and Plautius into Britain took
11 Riccio 1. 12 Ibid. 2.
110 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
place in the year A.D. 43 ; but it was not till A.D. 51 that
Caractacus was carried in chains before Claudius, about
which time, apparently, the town of Verulam was promoted
to the rank of a Roman Municipium, and probably exten-
sively colonized. In the revolt of the Britons under
Boadicea, A.D. 61, this place, in common with Camulodu-
num and Londinium, was exposed to the fury of our bar-
barian ancestors ; and the unfortunate Romans and their
allies suffered atrocities only paralleled by those attributed
to the Sepoys in the late outbreak in India. " All those,"
says Tacitus, u whom the weakness of their sex, the infir-
mities of age, or attachment to the place, induced to stay
behind at London, fell into the enemy's hands. The same
slaughter took place at the Municipium of Verulam ; for
the barbarians, neglecting the castles and military gar-
risons, and regardless of anything but booty, plundered
those places which offered the richest spoil, and were most
difficult of defence. It appears that seventy thousand
citizens and allies perished in the above-mentioned places";
and, as we learn from both Tacitus and the abstract of
Dion Gassius by Xiphilinus, 13 under every variety of
torture.
Of t this destruction of Verulam we cannot expect to find
many traces in the coins. It may, however, be remarked,
that the denarius of Tiberius shows evident signs of having
passed through fire. After Nero, in whose reign this over-
throw took place, the Roman rule was speedily re-established
by Suetonius Paulinus, the coins become more numerous,
and it will not be necessary to give more than their
reverses, except in particular cases.
13 Xiphilinus, lib. Ixii.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. Ill
NERO.
Rev. IVPPITER CVSTOS. Jupiter seated.
Rev. GENIO AVGVSTI. S.C. A figure sacrificing at
an altar; in his left, a cornucopia.
M. 2.
Rev. S.C. A temple. JE. 2.
Rev. S.C. Victory holding a shield, on which S.P.Q.R.
M. 2.
Of Galba, the murderer of Petronius Turpilianus (the
successor of Suetonius Paulinus in the command of the
Roman army in Britain), and who wore the purple but for
seven months, we have but one coin.
GALBA.
fler. CONCORDIA PROVINCIARVM. A standing
figure; in her right a branch, and in her left a
cornucopise.
M,
Of Otho and Vitellius, whose reigns were of nearly
equally short duration, I have met with no coins ; but of
Vespasian, who was first called to the imperial throne by
the legions in Britain, they are sufficiently numerous. There
is also one of his son, Titus, whose reign saw the com-
mencement of the memorable campaigns of Agricola in
Britain.
VESPASIAN.
Rev.PONTIF. MAXIM. A seated figure, with the hasta
pura and laurel branch. ^R.
R ev .TR. P. COS. V. PON. MAX. A caduceus.
R ev . IVDAEA CAPTA S.C. A female seated beneath a
palm-tree, behind which stands a male figure. In
poor preservation. vE. 1.
VOL. XX. R
112 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. ^EQVITAS AVGVSTI. S C. Equity, standing.
&. 2.
Rev. FORTVNAE REDVCI. S.C. Fortune, standing;
in her right a rudder. JE>. 2.
Rev. ROMA. S.C. Rome seated on a pile of arms, hold-
ing a wreath. ^E 2.
Rev. S.C. An eagle standing upon a globe.
M.2.
TITUS.
Rev. TR. P. IX. IMP. XV. COS VIII. P.P. A dolphin
above a tripod. Al.
Of Domitian, under whom the conquest of Britain may
be regarded as having been completed by Agricola, the
coins are numerous ; nor is the short reign of his successor,
Nerva, without its representatives. Of Trajan, under whom
this island appears to have been peaceably held by the
Romans, they are, as usual, very numerous.
DOMITIAN.
Rev. COS. V ..... The wolf and twins; belo,v the
hull of a ship. &.
Rev.-TR. P. II. COS. VIIII. DES. X. P.P. Minerva
standing. ^R,.
Rev. IMP. XXI. COS. XV. CENS. P.P. Minerva
standing. This occurs with both T.R. P.X. and XI.
on the obverse. ^R.
Rev. GERMANIA CAPTA. S.C. A female seated at the
foot of a trophy, behind which stands a captive.
JE. 1.
Rev. IOVI VICTORI. S.C. Jupiter seated.
JE.l.
Rev. PAX AVGVST. S.C. Peace standing, her arm rest-
ing on a column. JE,. 2.
Rev. S.C. Hope standing. &. 2.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 113
tfev. FORTVNAE AVGVSTL S.C. Fortune standing,
with a cornucopise and rudder. JE. 2.
Rev.VIRTVTl AVGVSTI. S.C. A soldier standing,
with a spear and Parazoniura. J&. 2.
NERVA.
Rw. COS III. PATER PATRIAE. The capeduncula,
aspergillum guttus and lituus. ^R.
tfey.CONCORDIA EXERCITVVM. S.C. Two right
hands joined. JE.2.
TRAJAN.
Rev. COS. V. P.P. S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINCIPI. On
the exergue, DAC. CAP. A captive seated on
arms. JR..
Rev. COS. V. P.P. S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINC. The
emperor standing ; in his right a victory, in his left
a trophy. &.
Rev. Same legend. Equity standing; in her right a
balance, in her left a cornucopise. M.
Rev. Same legend. Victory standing to the left.
^R.
R ev , S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINCIPI. A female stand-
ing; in her right a caduceus, in her left a cornucopia.
jR.
Rev.PM. TR. P. COS. VI. P.P. S.P.Q.R. PRO-VID.
Providence standing, with her right pointing to a
globe ; in her left a hasta pura. M.
R ev .S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINC. S.C. A female stand-
ing, with branch and cornucopise. M. 1.
Rev. S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINCIPI. S.C. An equestrian
figure charging over a prostrate foeman.
M. 1.
Rev. PROVIDENT1A AVGVSTI S.P.Q.R. S.C. Pro-
vidence standing, her right resting on a column, and
extending her left over a globe. JE. 1 .
Rev. . . . COS. V. P.P. A seated figure. M. 1.
114 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINCIPI. S.C. Hope stand-
ing; in her right hand a bud. M. 2.
Rev. TR. POT. COS. II. Victory holding a shield,
inscribed S.P.Q.R. JE. 2.
We now come to the reign of Hadrian, of whom, of
course, the coins are abundant, though none of those com-
memorating his visit to Britain are among them.
HADRIAN.
Rev. COS. III. Rome seated on arms; in her right a
spear. ;R.
Rev. Same legend. A female standing ; in her right a
cornucopise, in her left a hasta pura ; her right foot
resting on a globe. M.
Rev. P.M. T.R. P. COS. III. LIB. PVB. Liberty
standing. JA.
Rev. ANNONA AVG. The modius with ears of corn.
R.
Rev. SALVS AVG. Salus feeding a serpent twined
round an altar. JR..
Rev. PON. MAX. TR. POT. COS. III. S-C. A female
standing ; in her right a caduceus, in her left a cor-
nucopise. JE. 1.
Rev. PONT. MAX. TR. POT. COS. III. S.C. Rome
seated, holding a victory. JE. 1 .
Rev. COS. III. S.C. Salus standing, feeding a serpent.
^E. 2.
Rev. S.C. Salus seated. JE. 2.
Rev. MONETA AVG. S.C. Moneta standing, with
balance and cornucopiae. JE. 2.
Though Hadrian's successor, Antoninus Pius, never set
foot in Britain, there are numerous types of his coins
relating to its history, one of which will be found in the
following list of his coins discovered at Verulam. Of both
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 115
the Faustinas, and of Marcus Aurelius, there are several
coins ; but those of the immediately succeeding emperors
are scarce, until we come to the time of Septimius Severus ;
and of Albinus, who was proclaimed emperor in Britain,
none have been found.
4
ANTONINUS Pius.
Rev. IMPERATOR II. A caduceus between two cornu-
copise, cross-wise. &.
Rev.-. POT. XX. COS. IIII. A female standing,
holding a rudder, and resting her left on the prow of
a ship. R,
Rev. Same legend. A veiled figure seated, holding a
wand. ./R.
Rev. TR. POT. COS. IIII. On exergue, LIB. IIII. A
standing figure, holding a tessera and cornucopias.
jR.
Rev. COS. IIII. A female standing; in her right hand
ears of corn over a modius ; 'in her left a balance.
JR.
/few. FELIC. SAEC. COS. IIII. A female standing,
holding a caduceus, and resting her left on a column.
JO.
Rev. ANNONA AVG. S.C. A female standing, holding
ears of corn over a panarium ; in her left a cornu-
copise ; at her feet the prow of a ship. M. 1.
Rev. MONETA AVG. S.C. Moneta standing, with
balance and cornucopise. &. 1.
Rev. PAX AVG. S.C. Peace setting fire to a pile of
arms. JE.l.
Rev. LIBERALITAS AVG. V. S.C. A standing figure,
with tessera and cornucopiae. ^E. 1.
Rev. INDVLGENTIA AVG. COS. IIII. S.C. A seated
figure, holding out her right hand; in her left a
hasta pura. JE. 1.
Rev.- BRITANNIA COS. IIII. A female seated on a
rock, resting her head upon her hand; before her a
large oval shield. JEi. 2.
116 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. LIBERTAS COS. IIII. Liberty standing, with the
hasta and cornucopise. JE>. 2.
Obv. DIWS ANTONINVS.
Rev. DIVO PIO. A column surmounted by a statue of
the emperor. A.
Obv. As last.
Rev. Illegible. S.C. A column. JE. 1.
FAUSTINA ANTONINI.
Obv. DIVA . FAVSTINA.
Rev. AETERNITAS. S.C. A standing figure.
Obv. & Rev. Same legends. A female standing ; in her
right a patera, with her left holding up her robe.
M. 2.
Rev. AVGVSTA. S.C. A female standing, holding a
torch. JE. 2.
MARCUS AURELIUS.
Rev. IMP. VI. COS. III. S.C. Victory inscribing VIC.
GER. on a shield suspended from a tree.
JR. 1.
Rev. CONCORD. AVGVSTOR. TR. p. XVI. COS. III.
S.C. Aurelius and Venus joining hands.
M. 1.
Rev. TR. POT. VIIII. COS. II. S.C. Minerva standing,
holding an owl and spear ; at her feet a shield.
JE.2.
Rev. IMP. VII. COS. HI. S.C. Minerva holding a
victory and spear. J&. 2.
FAUSTINA AURELII.
Rev. FELICITAS AVG. S.C. Felicity standing, hold-
ing a branch. M. 2.
LUCILLA Lucn VERI.
Rev. IVNONI LVCIN^E. The goddess seated, holding
a flower. /;R.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 117
COMMODUS.
Rev. HERCVLI ROMANORVM. Bow, club, and
quiver. JR..
CRISPINA COMMODI.
Rev. S. C. A female seated in a chair.
Rev. LAETITIA AVG. S.C. A standing figure, holding
a rudder, resting on a globe. M. I.
We now come to the reign of Severus, who found it
necessary for the preservation of Britain as a Roman pro-
vince, to take the command of the army of occupation.
His son, Geta, who was lei't as governor of the southern
provinces, while Caracalla accompanied his father in his
expedition against the Caledonians, not improbably passed
some portion of his time at Verulam. Severus, from the
time when he first proceeded northwards in the beginning
of the year 209, does not appear ever to have returned
farther south than York, where he died in A. n. 211. Of
both him and his family numerous coins have been found at
Yerulam, but none of them present the types bearing special
reference to their victories in Britain.
SEPT. SEVERUS.
tfeu.P.M.TR.P.II. COS. II. P.P. Mars marching, to the
right. ^R.
Rev. P.M.TR.P.V. COS. II. P.P. A standing figure, in
her right a rudder, in her left a cornucopiae.
Rev. P.M.TR.P.XIH. COS. III. P.P. Jupiter standing,
with the fulmen and hasta pura; at his feet, an
eagle. M.
Rev. P.M.TR.P.XVII. COS. III. P.P. Minerva standing,
holding a victory. ^R.
flew. FVNDATOR PACIS. The emperor, veiled, and
holding an olive branch. JR..
118 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev.RERCVLl DEFENS. Hercules standing, holding
a club and bow. M.
ft ev . IVSTITIA. Justice seated, holding a patera and
hasta pura. /R.
Rev. LAETITIA PVBL. A standing figure, holding a
purse. ./R.
Rev. SECVRITAS PVBLICA. Security seated, in her
right a globe. ^R.
flev.VICTORIAE AET. A seated female, in her right
a shield. JR.
Rev.VlCT. PART. MAX. Victory marching, with a
garland and palm-branch. xR.
Rev. . . . TR. P. COS. S.C. The eagle between two
military standards. JEi. 1.
JULIA DOMNA.
/fev.-FELICITAS. Felicity standing; in her right a
branch, in her left a hasta. .&.
Rev. Same legend. Same type, but a caduceus instead of
a branch in the right hand. M.
Rev. MATER DEVM. Cybele seated; in her right a
globe, at her feet a lion. ^.R.
Rev. Same legend. Same type, but the goddess holds a
branch instead of a globe. JR.
ANTONINUS CARACALLA.
Rev. PONTIF. TR.P.VIII. COS. II. A soldier standing;
his right resting on a shield, in his left a spear.
M.
AVGG. IN CARTH. A goddess
seated on a lion, holding the fulmen and hasta, and
riding over waves flowing from a rock behind.
A.
Rev. FELIC1TAS AVGG. A figure standing, in her left
a cornucopiae. JR.
Rev. LIBERALITAS AVG. II. A standing figure, hold-
ing a tessera and cornucopia. iR.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 119
Rev. RECTOR ORBIS. The sun standing, holding a
globe and spear. M.
PLAUTILLA.
Rev. PROPAGO IMPERI. Caracalla and Plautilla join-
ing hands. JR.
GETA.
Rev. CASTOR. Castor standing by the side of his horse.
JR. .
flev.-PRINC IVVENTVTIS. The Csesar before a trophy.
m.
R ev . VOTA PVBLICA. A figure sacrificing at an altar.
A.
Of the succeeding emperors, down to the time of Gal-
lienus, the coins are again sufficiently numerous, but history
is silent as to the occurrences in Britain, though no doubt
the population of the southern parts was becoming more
and more Romanized.
ELAGABALUS.
Rev. VICTOR. ANTONINI AVG. Victory to the right,
with palm-branch and garland. JR.
Rev. LIBERTAS AVG. Liberty standing, with hasta
and cap ; on the field, a star. ^R.
JULIA SO^EMIAS.
jfo,._VENVS CAELESTIS. Venus standing, with apple
and hasta ; in the field, a star. ^R.
SEVERUS ALEXANDER.
Rev. P.M.TR.P. COS. III. P.P. A veiled figure sacri-
ficing at an altar. At.
Rev. Illegible. A seated figure. JE. 1.
VLTOR S.C. Mars to the right.
M. 2.
VOL. XX. S
120 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. MONETA AVGVSTI. S.C. Moneta standing.
Rev. P.M.TR.P. COS. P.P. A female standing, holding
a wreath and wand, JE>. 3.
MAXIMINUS I.
Rev. - FIDES MILITVM S.C. A female standing between
two standard?. JE. 1 .
GORDIAN III.
Kpv. DIANA LVCIFERA. The goddess standing, hold-
ing two torches. Ai.
Rev. MARS PROPVG. Mars Gradivus. ^R.
Rev. PAX AVGVSTI. Peace standing, holding a hranch
and wand. &.
PHILIPPUS SENIOR.
Rev. LIBERALITAS AVGG. II. A female with tessera
and cornucopia:. ;R.
Rev. SAECVLVM NOVVM. A seated figure within a
temple. Ai.
Rev. VICTORIA AVGG. Victory standing.
Ai.
Rev. ANNONA AVGG. S.C. A female, holding ears of
corn over a modius ; in her left a cornucopise.
M. 1.
Rev. LAET. FVNDATA. S.C. A female standing, hold-
ing a wreath and a rudder. M. \ .
Rev. FIDES MILITVM S.C. A female holding two
standards. JE. 2.
This coin, though ancient, is cast.
PHILIPPUS JUNIOR.
Tfey. PRINCIPI IV VENT S.C. The Caesar standing,
with spear and globe. JE. 1.
COINS FOUND AT VEKULAM. 121
THEBONIANUS GALLUS.
Rev. IVNO MARTIALIS. The goddess seated, holding
a pair of shears and the hasta. Ai.
VOLUSIANUS.
Rtv. CONCORDIA AVGG. Concord stated, holding a
patera and cornucopise. Ai.
VALERIANUS.
Rev. FELICITAS AVGG. A female standing, holding a
caduceus and cornucopiae. ^R.
Itev. RESTITVTOR ORBIS. The emperor raising a
kneeling figure. M.
Rev. VICTORIA AVGG. Victory standing. Al.
GALLIENUS.
Rev. VICTORIAE AVGG. II. GERM. Victory stand-
ing. Billon.
Rev. P.M. TR.P.VII. COS. On Exergue, MP. The
emperor sacrificing at an altar. JE. 3.
Rev. ABVNDANTIA AVG. A standing figure emptying
a cornucopias. JE. 3.
Rev. AETERNITAS AVG. The sun standing; his right
extended, in his left a globe. JE. 3.
Rev. Same legend. Same type; but G. on field.
J&.3.
Rev. APOLLINI CONS. AVG. On Exergue, N. A
centaur, holding a globe and rudder. JE. 3.
Rev. DIANAE CONS. AVG. On the Exergue, 6. A
staff. JE. 3.
O
Kev. FELIC. PERP. Felicity holding a caduceus and
hasta. JE. 3.
/fc y ._l.X)RTVNA HEDVX. (On the Held. T.) Fortune
standing, with rudder and OOTOUCOpue. M. 3.
122 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. INDVLGENTIA AVG. (On the field, XI.) A
standing figure ; in her right a wand, in her left a
cornucopiae. J. 3.
Rev.lOVI CONS. AVG. (On exergue, S.) A goat to
the left. M. 3.
Rev. LIBERO CONS. AVG. (On exergue, B.) A
panther to the left. JE. 3.
Rev. MARTI PACIFERO. (A on the field.) Mars
standing, holding an olive branch; in his left a
spear and shield. J. 3.
Rev, NEPTVNO CONS. AVG. (On the exergue, N.)
A hippocampus. ^E. 3.
Rev. ORIENS AVG. The sun standing. M. 3.
Rev. PAX AETERNA. (On the field, A.) Peace stand-
ing, and holding a hasta transversely. JE. 3.
Rev. PIETAS AVG. Piety standing, holding a wand and
a cornucopias, which she rests on a column ; at her
feet a wheel. M. 3.
Rev. SECVRIT. PERPET. (On the field, H.) Security
standing, holding a hasta, and resting her elbow on
a column. M. 3.
Rev. SOLI CONS. AVG. (On the exergue, A.) A
Pegasus to the right. M. 3.
SALONINA.
Rev. IVNO REGINA. Juno seated, holding a patera in
her right hand, in her left the hasta.
Billon.
Rev. -1VNONI CONS. AVG. A stag. ^E.3.
Rev. IVNO REGINA. A female standing, holding a
hasta and patera. JEi. 3.
Among the so-called Thirty Tyrants, who at various
times, and in various places, assumed the purple during the
reign of Gallienus, we find coins of Postumus, who seized
the empire in Gaul ; his colleague, Victorinus ; Marius, the
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 123
successor of the latter, whose reign is said to have endured
but three days ; and the two Tetrici, who were also
usurpers in Gaul. There is little doubt that each of them
in turn possessed the sovereignty of Britain, as is testified
by the abundance of their coins (with the exception of those
of Marius), and inscriptions found in this country. There
are also coins found at Verulam of Claudius Gothicus, his
brother Quintillus, Aurelian, and Probus ; while those of
Tacitus, Florianus, Carus, Numerianus, and Carinus, are
missing from the series. It will be borne in mind, that the
"scene of the exploits of all these latter emperors was laid
in the East ; and this circumstance, combined with the
extreme shortness of their reigns, fully accounts for the
scarcity of their coins in Britain.
POSTUMUS.
Eev.PM.TR.P. COS. IV. P.P. The emperor standing,
holding a globe and spear. Billon.
Eev.YWES M1LITVM. A female holding two standards.
B.
Rev. HERC. DEVSONIENSI. Hercules standing, hold-
ing a club and the lion's skin. B.
Rev. IOVI STATORI. Jupiter Stator, with the fulmen
and hasta. B.
R Wt MONETA AVG. Moneta standing, with balance
and cornucopias. B.
Rev. PROVIDENTIA AVG. A female standing ; in her
right a globe, in her left a hasta. B.
Rev. PACATOR OR BIS. Radiated head of the sun to
the right. M. 3.
VlCTORINUS.
AVy. ^EQ VITAS AVG. Equity standing, holding a balance
and cornucopia 1 . JE.3.
124 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE
Rev. FIDES MILITVM. A female standing. ,E. 3.
Rev. INVICTVS. The sun standing ; his right hand ex-
tended, in his left a whip. On the field a star.
^E. 3.
Rev. PAX AVG. (V. and a star on the field.) Peace
standing, holding a branch and hasta. J. 3.
R ev , VICTORIA AVG. Victory with wreath and palm-
branch. M. 3.
Rev. VIRTVS AVG. A soldier standing, holding a spear
and shield. M. 3.
MARIUS.
Rev. VICTORIA AVG. Victory standing, with garland
and palm. Billon.
TETRICUS PATER.
Rev. COMES AVG. Victory standing. JE. 3.
Rev. FIDES MILITVM. A female between two standards.
M. 3.
Rev. HILAR1TAS AVG. A female standing, with a
palm-branch and cornucopiae. JE. 2.
Rev. LAETITIA AVG. A female standing, holding a
purse and wand. JQ. 3.
Rev. MARS VLTOR. Mars armed with a spear, and
carrying spoils on his shoulder. JE. 3.
Rev. PAX AVG. Peace standing, with branch and spear.
M. 3.
Rev. SALVS AVGG. Salus feeding a serpent twined
round an altar. M. 3.
Rev. SPES PVBLICA. Hope holding a bud in her right,
and with her left holding up her robes. ^E. 3.
Rev.- VICTORIA AVG. Victory marching. M. 3.
Rev. VIRTVS AVG. A soldier standing, supporting u
shield ; in his left a spear. M. 3.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 125
TETRICUS FILIUS.
ffw. PIETAS AVGVSTOR. Pontifical instruments.
7E.3.
7te;._PROVIDENTIA AVGG. A female standing, hold-
a wand and cornucopiae. JK. 3.
fter. SPES AVG. Hope, as on the coins of his father.
JE. 3.
CLAUDIUS GOTHICUS.
7?fy.-P.M.TR.P.II. COS. P.P. The emperor standing,
holding a branch and wand. JE. 3.
Rev. FIDES MILITVM. (In the field, 8.) A female
standing, holding an ensign and hasta. M. 3.
AVr. GENIVS EXERCI. Genius standing, holding a
patera and cornucopiae ; on his head a basket.
JE. 3.
Her. LIBERALITAS AVG. A female standing.
&. 3.
VLTOR. (In the field. H.) The god
marching. M. 3.
/^.PROVIDENT. AVG. A female holding a wand,
resting her left arm on a column ; at her feet a
globe. ^E. 3.
Rev. SALVS AVG. Salus feeding a serpent twined round
an altar. M. 3.
Rev. SPES PVBLICA. Hope standing. M. 3.
Rev. VICTORIA AVG. Victory standing. M. 3.
Rev. VIRTVS AVG. A soldier standing, holding a
branch and sword ; at his feet a shield. JE. 3.
Obv. DIVO CLAVDIO.
/^.CONSECRATIO. An altar kindled. JE. 3.
Obv. & Rev. Same legends. An eagle with extended wings.
jE/3.
Obv. .... CLAVDIO.
Rev. FORTVNA . . Fortune standing, holding a rudder.
Of barbarous fabric. . K. .">
126 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
QUINTILLUS.
Rev. FORT. REDVX. (On the field, Z.) Fortune with
rudder and cornucopise. JE. 3.
Rev. VICTORIA AVG. (On the field, T.) Victory
marching to the right, holding out a garland, and
pointing downwards with a rod she holds in her left.
M. 3.
AURELIANUS.
Rev. OKI ENS AUG. (On exergue, N.I.) The sun,
with his right hand extended, and in his left a globe,
standing by a recumbent figure. ^E. 3.
PROBUS.
Rev. AEQVITAS AVG. (On exergue, XXL) Equity
standing. M. 3.
Rev. COMES AVG. A female holding a branch and
hasta. M. 3.
Rev. FIDES MILITVM. (On exergue, III.) A female
with two standards. J&. 3.
VLTOR. (On exergue, III.) Mars to the
right. M. 3.
Rev. VIRTVS AVG. A military figure ; in his right a
victory, in his left a spear. JE. 3.
Of the reign of Diocletian, under whom St. Alban is said
to have suffered, we have but few numismatic traces. The
martyrdom of the saint would seem to have been avenged
upon the town, without whose walls it took place, as not
only has the name of Verulam been entirely lost in that of
St. Albans, but the remains of the ancient city have been
almost obliterated, from their having been dug up and
quarried in for materials to build the church and monastery
in honour of the protomartyr of Britain.
COINS FOUND AT VEHULAM. 127
DlOCLETIANUS.
Rev. GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. Genius sending; in
his right a patera, in his left a cornucopia 1 .
Rev. Same legend and type ; but A on the field, and on
the exergue P.L.C. M. 2.
MAXIMIANUS.
Obv.D. N. MAXIMIANO FELICISSIMO SEN. AVG.
Rev. PROVIDENTIA DEORVM. QVIES AVG. Pro-
vidence and Quies standing.
The coins of Carausius and Allectus, who each in turn
usurped the imperial authority in Britain, are numerous, and
several of those of Carausius of great rarity. A more fully
detailed account of these rare types will be found in the
sixteenth volume of the Numismatic Chronicle, p. 170.
Though no doubt Verulam was a place of importance at
that time, yet we find no mention of it in history, and even
Stukely does not lay the scene of any of the exploits of
Carausius at this place.
CARAUSIUS.
Rev.- CON. MILITVM. Two right hands joined in a ver-
tical position. 1 * ^'E. 3.
#?. FIDES MILITVM. A female standing, holding two
standards. & 3.
Rev. EXPECTATE. A female holding a standard, taking
the hand of the emperor, who carries a hasta. 13
M.S.
Num. Chron. Vol. XVI. p. 170. Ibid.
VOL. XX. T
128 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Jttv. COMES AVG. Victory marching, with garland
and palm -branch. &. 3.
Tfev.MONETA AVG. S.C. on the field. Moneta stand-
ing. M. 8.
Rev. PAX AVG. Peace standing, holding an olive-branch
and the hasta. JE- 3.
Rev. Same legend and type. F O on the field.
M. 3.
Rev. Same legend and type. CJ on the 'field. 16
<.*.
Rev. Same legend and type F O on the field, and on
the exergue MLL. M. 3.
Rev. Same legend and type. F O on the field. On the
exergue, ML. M. 3.
" Rev. Same legend and type. B E on the field. On the
exergue, MLXXI. M. 3.
llf-r. Same legend and type. On the exergue, ML.
JE. 3.
Rev. Same legend and type ; but on the obverse the em-
peror's bust to the left, in his hand a sceptre.
JE.3.
^.PROVIDENT. AVG. On the field, B. Providence
standing, with globe and hasta. JE. 3 .
Rev. SAECVLI FELICIT. The emperor standing, hold-
ing a spear and globe. JE. 3.
Rev. SALVS AVG. Salus standing, feeding a serpent
twined round an altar; in her left a cornucopia;.
JE.3.
Rev. SALVS AVGGG. On the field, S.P. On the ex-
ergue, MLXXI. Salus feeding a serpent from a
patera. /E. 3.
Rev. SALVS PVBLICA. On the field, B E. On the
exergue, MLXX. Salus standing, with her right
hand holding a serpent, which she feeds from a
patera in her left." JE. 3.
rt Num. Chron. Vol. XVI. p. 170. " Ibid.
COINS FOUND AT VBKULAM. J29
Rev. SPKS PVliL. Hope to the left. yE. 3.
#>. VICTORIA AVG. Victory to the left; at her ft-ct
a seated captive. ^E. 3.
Kev. Two female figures joining hands over an altar ; the
one holding a cornucopiae; the other, a wreath. A
series of annulets and crescents instead of legend. 18
ALLECTUS.
Rev. LAETITIA AVG. A galley, with mast and six*bars.
Rev. PAX AVG. On the field, S A. On the exergue-
ML. Peace standing, with the olive-branch and the
hasta transversely. M. 3.
Rev. Same legend and type, but the hasta erect.
M. 3.
Rev. Same legend and type ; but SP on the field, and on
the exergue, ML. JE. 3.
AVy. PROVIDENTIA AVG. S P on the field. On
the exergue, C. Providence standing, holding a
globe and cornucopias. JE. 3.
2tev. The same; but legend of obverse, IMP. C. ALLECTVS
P.F.I. AVG. &. 3.
Kev.PROVlD. AVG. On the field, S A. On exergue
ML. Providence holding a cornucopia:, and point-
ing with a wand to a globe at her feet. JE. 3.
Rev. SAL VS AVG. On the field, S A. On exergue,
ML. Salus standing, feeding a serpent, which she
holds in her right hand, from a patera in her left.
JE.3.
Num. Chron. Vol. XVI. p. 170.
130 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. VIRTVS AVG On the exergue. Q.I,. A galley
with mast arid five oars. . J&. 3.
Rev. Same legend. On the exergue, Q.L. A galley with
four oars. JE>. 3.
Rev. Same legend. On the exergue QL. A galley with
mast and five oars. ^E. 3.
Rev. Same legend. On the exergue, QL. A galley with
mast and six rowers. J& 3.
Rev. Incuse, the same as the obverse.
In the year 296, Allectus was overcome by Constanlius,
and Britain again annexed to the empire of Rome. Not-
withstanding the long sojourn of Constantius in England,
som ten years as Caesar and Augustus, his coins are com-
paratively scarce. Those of his two wives, Helena and
Theodora, which are abundant, were apparently struck in
the days of his son and grandsons. Of Constantine the
Great and his family, the coins are, as usual, excessively
numerous; in fact, the majority of the coins found at
Verulam belong to their era.
CHLORUS.
Obv. CONSTANTIVS NOBIL. C.
Rev. GENIO POPVL1 ROMANI. On the field, S F.
On the exergue, P.T.R. Genius standing, with
patera and cornucopiae. JE,. 2.
HELENA.
Obv. FL. HELENA AVGVSTA.
Rev. SECVR1TAS REIPVBLICE. On the exergue,
S.T.R.E. A veiled female, holding a branch.
&.3.
Obv. FL. IVL. HELENAE AVG.
Rev. PAX PYBL1CA. On exergue, T.R.P. Peace stand-
ing. ^E. 4.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 131
Rev. The same; but on the exergue, T. U.S. MA.
Rev. The same ; but S.I. S. JE.4.
Rei>. The same ; but a cross on the field. JS,. 4.
THEODORA.
Rev. PIETAS ROMANA. On the exergue, T.R.S. A
female with an infant. JE.4.
Rev. The same ; but a cross on the field, and on the
exergue, TRP. JE. 4.
LICINIUS SENIOR.
Rev. GENIO. POP. ROM. On the exergue, PTR.
Genius standing. JE. 3.
Rev. The same. On the field a star. On the exergue,
PLN. JE. 3.
Rev. The same. On the field, T F. On the exergue, ATR.
Rev.IOVl CONSERVATORI. On the field, III. On
the exergue, SMNA. Jupiter standing, holding a
victory ; at his feet the eagle and a captive.
JE. 3.
Rev. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. On the field, T F. On
the exergue, PLN. The sun standing. JE. 3.
Ret'. The same. On the field, S F. On the exergue,
SARL.
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT.
Obv. FL. VAL. CONSTANTINVS NOB. C.
Rev. GENIO. POP. ROM. On exergue, PLN. Genius
standing. M. 2.
Rev. BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. On exergue, S.T.R.
A globe upon an altar inscribed VOTIS XX. ; above
three stars. M. 3.
Rev. The same ; but on exergue, PTR. JE. 3.
/fcv.-BEAT. TRANQLITAS. On exergue, PLON.
The same type. M. 3.
132 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
A'ey. CONSTANTINVS AVG, across the field, in three
lines. On exergue, PTR., above a garland. On
the obverse, the laureated head of the emperor.
M 3.
R ev . GLORIA EXERCITVS. On exergue, P. CONST.
Two standards between two soldiers. /E. 3.
Rev. The same ; but on exergue, TR.P and TRP.
M. 3
Rev. The same ; but on exergue, TR.S. MA.
Rev. The same, but only one standard. On the exergue,
AQP. JE. 3.
Rev. The same as last; but on exergue, CONST.
^E. 4.
Third Brass.
Rev. IOVI. CONSERVATORI. On the field, XIII. On
exergue, SMN. Jupiter, as on the coins of
Licinius.
Rev. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG. On the exergue, PTRw.
The gate of a castrum ; above, a star.
Rev. The same; S F. on the field. On exergue, S.
CONST.
Rev. The same. On exergue, STR.
Rev. The same. On exergue, PTRG.
Jicv. ROMAE AETERNAE. On exergue, REwCS.
Rome to the right, seated on a buckler, and inscrib-
ing XV. on a shield upon her knee.
Rev. SARMATIA DEVICTA. On exergue, PTR W. Vic-
tory placing her foot upon a captive, and holding a
trophy and palm -branch.
Rev. The same ; but on exergue, I'.LON.
Rev. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. On the field, TF. On
exergue, PL.C. The sun standing.
Rev. The same. T F on the field. On exergue, HTH.
Rev. The same. T F on the field. On exergue, Fill.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 133
LAETAE PRINC. PERP. On ex-
ergue, SARL. Two victories supporting a shield
inscribed VOT. P.R.; above, a cippus.
Rev. The same ; but on exergue, STR.
Rev. VIRTVS EXERCIT. On exergue, STR. A la-
barum, inscribed VOT. XX., between two captives
seated on the ground.
Rev. D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AVG VOT. XX.
within a wreath. On exergue, A.Q.
Obv. D.V. CONSTANT! NVS P.T. AVGG. Veiled head.
Rev. The emperor in a quadriga, received by a hand from
heaven. On exergue TRS. JE>. 4.
CONSTANTINOPOLIS.
Third Brass.
Obv. CONSTANTINOPOLIS. Galeated head, with
sceptre.
Rev. Victory with hasta and shield; at her feet the prow
of a ship. Exergue, T.R.P.
Rev. The same. On exergue, T.R.S.
Rev. The same. On exergue, TRS-&.
Rev. The same. On exergue, PLC.
Rev. The same. On exergue, WPLC.
Rev. The same. On exergue, BSIS.
/lev. The same. On exergue, P. CONS. The Christian
monogram on the field.
Fowth Brass
Ren. The same. On exergue, PLC.
URBS ROMA.
Third Brass.
OAv. VRBS ROMA. Galeated head.
Rev. The wolf and twins ; above, two stars. On exergue.
TR-S, TRS, TRP. and PLC ; the latter nlso /K. 4.
134 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. The same ; but a garland and two stars above the
wolf. On exergue, P. CONS, and TRS.
Rev. As Constantinopolis. On exergue, PLC.
POPULUS ROMANUS.
Third Brass.
Obv.-POP. ROMANUS. A laureated bust.
Rev. CONST. A, within a garland ; above, a star.
FAUSTA.
Third Brass.
Rev. SPES REIPVBLICAE. On exergue, QJfAR. A
female with two infants in her arms.
CRISPUS.
Third Brass.
Rev. BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. On the field, P A.
On exergue, P'LON, A globe upon a cippus, in-
scribed VOTIS XX. ; above, three stars.
Rw. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM VOT. X., within a
wreath. On exergue. SIS. and PLC.
Rev. PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. On the field, T F. On
exergue, BTR. The Caesar with hasta and globe.
Rev. V1RTVS EXENCIT. (sic.) On exergue, STP.
Two captives seated beneath a labarum inscribed
VOT. XX.
DELMATIUS.
Third Brass.
Rev. GLORIA EXERCITVS. A standard between two
soldiers.
CONSTANTINUS JUNIOR.
Tliird Brass.
Rev. BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. A cippus inscribed
VOTIS XX., as usual.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. 135
Rev. The same. On the field, C R. On the exergue,
PLC.
Rev. The same. On the field, P C. On the exergue,
P.LON.
Rev. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM VOT. X., within a
wreath. On exergue, PLONo. and SIR.
Rev. The same legend, but VOT. V. in the wreath. On
exergue, PLON.
Rev. GLORIA EXERCITVS. Two standards between
two soldiers. Above, a star. On exergue, S.CONS.
Rev. The same, but no star. On exergue, t^PLC, TRS.,
TR.S, PLC, and R.F.S.
Rev. The same, but a garland between the standards. On
exergue, S. CONST.
Rev. The same, but only one standard. On exergue,
TRP. Small size.
Rev. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS. A gateway of a cas-
trum ; above, a star. On the exergue BTRj.
EXERCIT. Two captives beneath a
labarum inscribed VOT. XX. On exergue, STR.
CONSTANS.
Third Brass.
Rev.FEL. TEMP. REPARATIO. A soldier leading a
captive from beneath a tree. On the exergue,
SARL, TRP and PLC.
Rev. Same legend. A phoenix upon a globe.
Rev, Same legend. The emperor holding a victory and a
labarum inscribed 4^, in a ship steered by another
victory. On the exergue, TRP and RO.
Large size.
Rev. GLORIA EXERCITVS. A standard between two
soldiers. On exergue, TRPu. PLC. SMTS.
VOL. xx. u
136 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. VICTORIAE D.D. AVGG. Q. N.N. Two victories
holding garlands; a star in the centre. On the
exergue, TR.P.
Rev. The same, but a branch instead of a star. On
exergue, TRS.
Rev. The same, but D instead of a branch. On exergue,
TRP.
CONSTANTIUS II.
Silver.
J?ev.-VOTIS XXX. MVLTIS XXXX., within a wreath.
On the exergue, P.CON.
Third Brass.
Rev.FEL. TEMP. REPA RATIO. On exergue, R.O. and
TRS. The emperor in a galley, as on the coins of
Constans. Large size.
Rev. The same, but A on the field; and on exergue,
P.L.C. Large size.
Rev. GLORIA EXERCITVS. Two standards between
two soldiers. On the exergue, TRP., TRS. TRilT.
Rev. Same legend, but a garland between the standards.
On exergue, S. CONST.
Rev. Same legend, but one standard only. On exergue,
TRS. TRP.
Rev. Same legend. The labarum with ^ between two
soldiers. On exergue, AQS.
Rev. FEL. TEMP. REPARATIO. A soldier thrusting
through a falling horseman. On the exergue, SPL,
and TR.
Rev. The same, but D on the field.
Rev. Same legend. A phcenix standing on a pyre. On
exergue, TRS.
Rev. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS. Gate of a castrum ; a
star above. On exergue, SIS.
COINS POUND AT VERULAM. 137
Rev. VICTORIAE D.D. AVGG. Q. N.N. Two victories
holding garlands. M on the field ; and on exergue,
PAUL.
Rev. The same ; but on exergue, TRS.
Of Magnentius, a Briton by birth, and the murderer of
Constans, as also of his brother Decentius, coins have been
found at Verulam. Of Valentinian, Valens, and Gratianus,
they are extremely numerous, though with no great variety
of type; while the list is brought to a close by a few coins
of Theodosius and Arcadius.
MAGNENTIUS.
Second Brass.
A'eo. FELICITAS RE1PVBLICAE. The emperor stand-
ing, holding a victory and the labarum. On the
field, A. On exergue, TRP.
Kev. GLORIA. ROMANORVM. The emperor on horse-
back, thrusting through a kneeling enemy. On
exergue, TRP.
Itev VICTORIAE D.D. N.N. AVGG. ET CAES. Two
victories supporting a shield inscribed VOT. V.
MVLT. X. Above, ^ On exergue, P.M.B.
Rev. The same, but third brass.
DECENTIUS.
Second Brass.
lt co . A barbarous legend. The Christian monogram, and
A 00.
JULIANUS I.
Silver.
llto VOTIS V. MVLTIS X., in a garland. On exergue.
LVG and T. CON.
138 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
VALENTINIAN I.
Third Brass.
Rev. GLORIA ROMANORVM. The emperor standing,
his right hand on the head of a kneeling captive, and
in his left the labarum. On the field, OF. II. On
exergue, LVGVS and LVGS.
Rev. The same. On field, OF. III. On exergue, CONST.
Rev. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE. Victory marching.
On the field, OF. II. On exergue, CONS.
Rev. VICTORIA AVGGG. Victory marching. On ex-
ergue, AQI. Small size.
VALENS.
Third Brass.
Rev. GLORIA ROMANORVM. The emperor with a
captive, as on the coins of Valentinian. On exergue,
R. PRIM A and CON.
Rev. The same. OF. II. on the field. On exergue,
CON.
Rev. The same. OF. I. on the field. On exergue,
CONST.
Rev. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE. Victory to the left.
On exergue, SMAQC. and S. CONS.
GRATIANUS.
Third Brass.
Rev.- GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI. The emperor holding
the labarum and a shield. On exergue, T. CON.
Rev. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE. Victory to the left.
On exergue, T. CON. and S. CON.
Itev.VOT. XV. MVLT. XX., in a wreath. On exergue,
LVG. P. Small size.
COINS FOUND AT VERULAM. J39
THEODOSIUS.
Third Brass.
Rev. VICTORIA Victory marching; in her right,
a garland. On exergue, CON. Small size.
ARCADIUS.
Third Brass.
Kev. VICTORIA AVGGG. Victory to the left. On the
exergue, T. CON. and LVG. P.
With the reign of Arcadius, or rather that of Honorius,
his brother and colleague in the empire of the West, the
Roman rule in Britain may be considered to have ceased.
Their coinage also ceases ; at least, no coins of later em-
perors have to my knowledge been found at Verulam, and
it is very rarely that coins of later emperors are found in
Britain. None are given in Mr. Roach Smith's Catalogue
of Coins found in London/ 9 nor among those found at
Caerleon, 20 nor at Isurium, 21 nor at Corinium, 22 nor Caister, 23
nor Eburacum, 21 nor Camulodunum, 25 and but one is given by
Mr. Roach Smith as having been found at Richborough. 26
" The testimony of coins," says this able antiquary, 27
" which heretofore served as a commentary on the narra-
tive of the historian, ceases with the text it illustrated ; and
nothing can be more significant ot the state of Britain after
*9 Num. Chron., Vol. IV. p. 147 et seqq. Roman London,
p. 150.
20 Lee's Antiquities of Caerleon, 1845, p. 43.
21 Reliquiae Isurianae, 1852.
22 Burkman and Newmarch, Corinium, 1850, p. 120.
23 Mr. Goddard Johnson's Catalogue.
2 * Wellbeloved's Eburacum, 1842, p. 143.
" Duncan's Walls of Colchester, 1856, p. 11.
2R Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne, p. 151.
2 7 Ibid., p. 155.
140 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE
the days of Honorius than the absence of intelligible coins.
But these guides, even at a time when history fails, and all
is obscure and doubtful, do not desert us : those which
were previously so unerring and lucid, are followed by
others, like the times in which they were struck, barbarous
and rude."
Of these, which are usually barbarous imitations of the
common types of Roman third brass, the soil of Verulam is
prolific. Among them may be recognized imitations of
the coins of Tetricus, Constantius, Magnentius, Decentius,
and several other emperors.
Beside the so-called minimi, there are many of the regular
third brass size, but all exhibiting extreme want of skill on
the part of the engraver, and conveying the impression of
the utter degradation of those whose currency they formed.
Such is the catalogue of the numismatic monuments
remaining of ancient Verulam, which, though of no great
interest to the mere collector, as affording little or nothing
of rarity jor novelty, and though differing but little from
lists already published, will have some claims upon the
attention of the more general antiquary, both as offering
an additional exemplification of the class of coins usually
found upon Roman sites, and also affording an insight into
the nature of the J currency of Britain during the four cen-
turies of her Roman 'occupation. I cannot say that much
light is thrown by it on the history of Verulam a town of
which, considering its early importance as a municipium in
the days of Nero, there is singularly little mention in the
pages of Roman writers. In fact, beyond its appearing
among the towns in the Itineraries and in Ptolemy, its name
does not appear in any other writer than Tacitus. Still,
these coins convey to the mind more forcibly than any
historical evidence, ihe reality of such a city having existed,
COINS FOUND AT VERUI.AM. 141
of which so few visible traces now remain, and give some idea
of the extent of its population. We may picture it as we
glance over the list of coins, first as the capital of one of
the chief tribes of the Britons, becoming a military colony
under Claudius, and burned to the ground by Boadicea
soon after it had attained the rank of a municipium under
Nero. We may see signs of its restoration under Vespa-
sian and Domitian, when Agricola had carried the scene of
the war with the Britons far away into the north, and of its
peaceful occupation during the reigns of Trajan, Hadrian,
and Antoninus ; while the scarcity of coins of Aurelius and
Commodus points to the disturbed state of Britain, which
led to the arrival of Severus, whose presence is abundantly
testified by his coins. We may then imagine a period of
comparative inaction till the days when Postumus Vic-
torinus and Tetricus. successively held dominion in Britain,
and find evidence that Verulam was a town of importance
under the British emperors Carausius and Allectus. We
may trace the prosperity it enjoyed under the able rule of
Constantine, a prosperity which lasted during the reign of
his sons; while the increasing barbarism and approaching
dissolution of the Roman power in Britain becomes evident
on the coins of their successors, and the series terminates
with what can hardly be termed a coinage, the evident
result of sheer anarchy and barbarism.
142 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
XII.
ESSAYS ON INDIAN ANTIQUITIES, HISTORIC,
NUMISMATIC, AND PAL^EOGRAPHIC.
BY THE LATE JAMES PRINSEP, F.R.S. 1
THE study of Indian numismatics has made a remarkable
stride during the present century, and has taken a position
by the side of that of the classical lands, such as Sir W.
Jones and the earlier learned Anglo-Indians could scarcely
have anticipated. What, too, is most remarkable about
this fact is, that it is mainly due to the labours of one man,
himself at the time engaged in a laborious office under the
Indian government, with but little if any leisure he could be
expected to devote to such a subject. We rejoice, there-
fore, that in the volumes before us, due justice has at length
been done to one of the most eminent of many able scholars
who have been formed under the encouragement of the
East India Company : and that a series of papers, originally
contributed during several years to the Asiatic Journal of
Bengal, should, under the judicious editing of Mr. Edward
Thomas, have been made accessible to the English public
at home.
The volumes before us, indeed, do not contain all the
miscellaneous papers inserted by Mr. James Prinsep in that
periodical exactly as they were written, but rather exhibit
Edited by EDWARD THOMAS, late H.E.I.C.S. 2 vols. 8vo.
London: Murray, 1858.
ESSAYS ON INDIAN ANTIQUITIES. 143
them in a form at the present day much more valuable than
if they had been simply reprints of those articles ; Mr.
Thomas having taken care to append voluminous notes in
illustration of them, together with many additions relating
chiefly to more recent discoveries. By this means many of
Mr. Prinsep's happiest investigations are rendered more
satisfactory, while, at the same time, the student can peruse
and compare them with what has since been made out by
later and more extended research.
A short biography of Mr. James Prinsep has also been
furnished by his brother, H. Thoby Prinsep, and forms a
fitting introduction to the masterly papers that follow.
From this biography, which we think our readers would
gladly have seen in a more extended form, we learn that
Mr. James Prinsep was born in 1799, arrived in India in
1819, and was at first employed at the Calcutta mint, under
the able supervision of Professor H. H. Wilson, in super-
intending the assay of the precious metals received as
bullion ; and subsequently, on the creation of a new mint at
Benares by Dr. Wilson, as the general manager of the
branch established in that city. Lastly, on the retirement
from India of Professor Wilson, in 1832, we learn that
Mr. Prinsep became the head of the assay department of the
mint at Calcutta, which had been for many years under the
administration of that distinguished scholar. To the general
duties of assay-master, we find that Mr. Prinsep added those
of engineer and architect, shewing in every subject in which
he laboured the most remarkable acuteness and ability.
Many of the structures which he designed or built still
remain to attest the zeal with which he laboured, among
which may be instanced the stone bridge over the Karam-
nasa, not far from Benares ; the construction of an arched
tunnel under that city to the Ganges, which has proved
VOL. XX. X
144
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
of the greatest value to the inhabitants : and the erection of
some locks in the midst of a soil of quicksands, to connect
the river Hugli with the navigation of the Sunderbunds.
In 1830, he returned from Benares to Calcutta, and, in
conjunction with Major Herbert, projected the publication
of a periodical under the name of " Gleanings in
Science "; the object of which was to establish in India a
record of all the useful discoveries in arts or sciences
made in Europe, and to afford to scientific men in
India the opportunity of making known their own disco-
veries. This periodical, though itself of short life, proved
eminently useful ; and not the least in this, that it led in
great measure to the preparation and subsequent publica-
tion of the innumerable able papers which, a short time
afterwards, raised the Asiatic Journal of Bengal to the first
rank among works of this nature.
It was in 1832 that Mr. James Prinsep became first
directly connected with this society, being nominated to
succeed Professor H. H. Wilson in the capacity of its
Secretary. He seems at once to have felt that a good
journal is the life we might almost add, the object of
this and similar societies ; hence he not long after p'roposed
that the " Gleanings" should in future be considered as the
publication of the society, a plan which, as might have been
expected, was received most favourably by its members.
The commencement of this remarkable work, which was in
future to be known by the name of the " Journal of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal," dates from March 7, 1832;
it was issued monthly, and furnished gratuitously to
the members of the society. From this period till his
failing health compelled him to return to England, in
October, 1838, almost every number contains the record
of valuable or interesting discoveries ; the large majority
ESSAYS ON INDIAN ANTIQUITIES. 145
of which were from the ready pen of its accomplished
editor.
James Prinsep died on April 22, 1840, of an affection of
the brain, produced by long-continued over-work.
We shall now briefly notice the more important subjects
treated of in these volumes, the whole of which have been
most carefully arranged by the editor, Mr. Edward Thomas.
The reader will thus more easily discern how laborious a
student he must have been, whose life we have briefly
noticed above.
Among the papers, originally published in the Journal of
the Asiatic Society of Bengal by James Prinsep himself,
there is a series of most interesting documents, commencing
with an account of the first collection of Bactrian coins
made by Sir Alexander (then Lieutenant) Burnes in Afghan-
istan, wherein all that can be gathered from classical
sources relative to the ancient kingdom of Bactriana is
clearly set forth, with the first attempts at the decypher-
inent of the Indian characters on some of these coins ;
followed, at a later period, with that fuller determination of
their meaning which (with some modifications, arising
chiefly from the discovery of more perfect specimens) has
remained to the present day, a precious monument of
Mr. Prinsep's skill as a palaeographer.
To these papers have been added many able notices of
the labours of the chief persons who were at that time pro-
secuting their researches in the Punjab ; among whom we
may enumerate General Ventura, M. Court, Dr. Gerard,
Mr. Masson, Lieut. Cunningham, and Major Stacey.
A second series of papers embraces the history and the
decypherment almost entirely by Mr. Prinsep of a
large and curious series of coins, chiefly found over north-
west India, in the ruins of old capitals, such as Behat and
146 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Kanauj, and which, it has been presumed with some
reason, represent the earliest type of money used in
India. These were followed by a learned inquiry into the
numismatic value and position of a class of coins commonly
termed Indo-Scythic, which, from the characters they bear
and the types they exhibit, must have been current sub-
sequent to the extinction of the Bactrian monarchy, and long
before the arrival of Muhammedan conquerors. With these
we may notice, also, several able papers on what Prinsep
has called the " Mithraic type," and on the " Hindu imita-
tions of the Ardokro type," together with the decypherment
of the Sanscrit legends on a very curious series of small
silver coins from Saurashtran, and of the old (perhaps we
had best say, medieval) coins of Ceylon.
We should, however, underrate the value of James
Prinsep's labours and the remarkable versatility of his
genius, were we to lead our readers to suppose that he
devoted his studies to coins alone. As we stated before,
he had shewn remarkable skill as an engineer early in his
Indian career, and the pages of the journal which he
edited, and mainly supported, afford abundant evidence
that his palaeographical researches did not in the least
interfere with his love for mechanical science. It has not
been deemed necessary by the editor of the present volumes
of " Essays on Indian Antiquities" to allude to these
matters, nor, indeed, would they have been within the
reasonable scope of the present work. Mr. Thomas has,
however, reprinted four interesting papers, by J. Prinsep, on
the decypherment of the edicts of Asoka, on the appli-
cation of the Bhilsa alphabet to the interpretation of ancient
numismatic legends, on the Sah inscription from Junagarb,
and on the application of block-printing to the representa-
tion of coins, all of which will repay perusal, and demon-
ESSAYS ON INDIAN ANTIQUITIES. 147
strate how skilful a palaeographer he was. We may add
that, among other discoveries, he was the first to make real
progress in decyphering the inscriptions on the pillars at
Dehli and Allahabad, which so long ago as the time of Sir
W. Jones had been copied in fac simile, and published in
the volumes of the Proceedings of the Asiatic Society, but
which had baffled that distinguished scholar, and even
Colebrooke and Wilson. Mr. Prinsep discovered that the
two inscriptions were identical, and had their counterparts
on the rocks at Girnar, at Dhauli, and in some old Buddhist
temples, and noticed likewise similar characters in the topes
of Sanchi and Bhilsa.
We are bound to add, that besides the record of Mr
Prinsep's studies which these papers even in their original
form would have afforded, they are now much more important,
since they have been enriched by the notes and illustrations
inserted by the learned editor. Not only do these abound
in almost every page so that it is sometimes difficult at
first sight to know whether we are reading a portion of Mr.
Prinsep's original writing, or what Mr. Thomas has most
judiciously added but many most valuable additional
papers have been introduced in their appropriate places, so
as to bring down the course of Indian discovery to the pre-
sent time, and to correct some smaller errors into which
Mr. Prinsep had inevitably fallen.
Among the separate papers, originally placed in the
Journal by Mr. Prinsep (find now reprinted), we may call
attention to Captain (now Sir Proby) Cautley's account of
his researches at Behat, and Lieut. Conolly's memoir of his
visit to the ruins of Kanauj ; to notices by General Ventura
and M. Court of the great tope at Manyky&la; to short papers
illustrative of different points in Indian numismatics, by
Lieut. Cunningham and Major Stacey ; to three valuable
148 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
memoirs by Mr. Masson on bis discoveries at Beghram ;
and to some interesting and learned remarks by Professor
Wilson on the determination of the letters of the Bactrian
alphabet, as proposed by Mr. Prinsep.
To the editor himself we are indebted for several very
learned essays on the subjects treated by Mr. Prinsep,
sufficient in themselves to afford a body of valuable infor-
mation on almost all branches of Indian numismatology.
Among these, we gladly specify his papers on the coin of
Abdullah ben Hazim ; on the interpretation of the in-
scription on the " Wardah" brass vessel ; on Indo Sas-
sanian coins ; together with a complete resume of the ancient
Indian alphabets ; a clear account of the modifications
the letters have undergone ; a detailed description of the
coins of the Sah and Gupta kings; a long and full
examination of the Bactrian, Semitic, and Zend alphabets,
and a catalogue of every variety of Bactrian coins at present
known.
In conclusion, we may state that the editor has reprinted
the whole of Prinsep's "Useful Tables," which had been
long extremely scarce, indeed, unattainable in this country ;
not forgetting to make here, as elsewhere, such additions as
might render that most useful series of dates still more
complete ; that the two volumes are enriched by more than
forty plates, a large number of which were originally drawn
on the copper by James Prinsep himself; and that, in our
opinion, Mr. Thomas justly deserves the best thanks of
every one interested in Indian history and numismatics for
the very laborious task he has accomplished so fully and
so satisfactorily.
149
XIII.
LE MANCUS DES ANGLO-SAXONS. 1
Dans le Numismatic Manual de M. J. Y. Akerman,
page 229, Pauteur fait mention d'une hypothese, que le
Mancus soit derive du latin manica t un bracelet; car on se
servait quelquefois d'un bracelet dans les payments, puis-
qu'ils etaient ordinairement ajustes & un certain poids.
Cette hypothese me vint a 1'esprit sous la lecture des an-
ciennes lois de la Norvege, ou il est souvent question de
baugar (pluriel de bang, anneau) comme amendes pour
differents crimes. Quelquefois le poids de ces baugar est
indique et est different pour differents cas; mais quel-
quefois, au contraire, seulement leur nombre est indique
sans indication du poids. Dans ces cas le baug doit avoir
eu un poids convenu, ce qui est expressement dit dans un
article de la Frostethings' loi, c'est-a-dire la loi pour Par-
rondissement de Froste, redigee au commencement du
13 me siecle. 2
Get article est ainsi con9U : " Si le possesseur d'une
terre blesse un homme, il doit payer une amende de six
baugar au Roi; " et ici on a ajoute d'une maniere insolite ;
chaque baug doit peser douze aurar. Or aurar est le plu-
riel du mot eyri, qui veut dire ora, uncia. D'apres les
recherches que j'ai faites sur les anciens poids de Norvege,
i SeeN. C. vol. v. p. 122.
8 V.Norges gamle Love indhil, 1837, udgivne af R. Keyzer,
og P. A. Munch. Christiania, 1846. I. p. 173.
160 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Peyri (au nominatif eyrir) equivaut a 1 Loth 39 vents 21
esschen de Cologne, 8 ou 412,58 troy grains. Par conse-
quent le baug sera egal a 21 L. 3 gr. 51 esschen ou a lOf i
onces de Cologne.
Le Musee d'Antiquites du Nord de notre Universite pos-
sede un bracelet d'or qui a etc trouve avec des monnaies du
neuvieme siecle, et qui pese 10-| onces de Cologne. 3 Je
pense que ce bracelet est un baug a douze onces antique
quoique son poids ne repond pas exactement au calcul ;
car dans les anciens temps on n'etait pas toujours tres-exact.
Mais le poids du baug doit, au fur et a mesure, avoir dimi-
nud considerablement ; car dans le Lexicon Islandico-latino-
danicum de Bjb'rn Haldorson, dont les materiaux ont ete
rassembles au milieu du siecle passe, nous lisons a la page
64 : baugr, annulus mulcta pecuniaria, duse uucise argcnti,
et la phrase baugi at bceta, pendere mulctum duarum un-
ciarum.
Cette notice peut servir de support a la derivation du
mancus de manica. Mais il faut avouer, qu'il me reste un
doute regardant la terminaison us, point de cas analogue
de la transition d'un mot latin du genre fe'minin en mas-
culin ne m'etant connu.
C.-A. HOLMBOE.
Christ iania, an mois de Mars, 1858.
2 V. De prisca re Monetaria Norvegie, &c. Scripsit C. A.
Holmboe, Ed. nov. Christiania, 1844, p. 3.
* V. la meme dissertation, p. 54, et PI. Vlf. 4.
195
[Read before the Numismatic Society, December 13th, I860.]
WHICH IS RIGHT, BRIT. OR BRITT ?
MY DEAR SIR,
In answer to the above popular question,
let me make a few remarks. The subject has been agitating
the public mind for some time, and so many erroneous
statements have been published, so many questions and
suggestions have followed letter upon letter, that I think it
quite right that our Society should "lay down the law"
concerning the spelling of the inscription on the new
coinage. If you think the following remarks are to the
point, I offer them to the Society.
First of all : Is the dominion which our Sovereign Lady
governs spelt with one or two Ts? Is it BRITANNIA, or
BRITTANNIA? I have no hesitation in saying, that the
former is correct; though at the same time the latter does
occur. On the famous medallion of Commodus, relating
to Britain, the legend is BRITTANIA (sic) P.M. TR.P.X,etc ;
and on a large brass coin of the same emperor, we find
BRITT. in the exergue. 1 On both large and second brass
coins of Severus, Caracalla and Geta, we find the legend,
Perhaps for " BRITTANICVS " the continuation of the
legend of the obverse though the type is that of a female,
holding sword and patera.
VOL. XX. E E
196 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
" VICTORIAS BRITTANNICAE " ; and on coins of all these
emperors, we find VICTORIAS BRIT. VICT. BRIT., the
one T only being used, though the abbreviation may be for
BRITTANICAE, as on the other coins. In favour of one T,
I do not think we can pass over poetical authority. The
following quotations may afford sufficient evidence for our
argument.
" Et penitus toto divisos orbe Britatmos." 2
Virgil, Bucol. Eel. i. v. 67.
" Serves iturum Csesarem in ultimos
Orbis Britannos, et juvenum recens
Examen." 3 Horace, Lib. i. Ode xxxv.
et nostro didacta Britannia mundo."
Claudian, De Cons. Mall. Theod. v. 51.
2 Part of this line, " Toto divisos orbe Britannos," is the
second inscription of the reverse of the famous medal of Na-
poleon I., having been substituted for his " Descente en Angle-
terre," which was the original inscription, with " Frappee a
Londres, 1804 " in exergue; and issued again in 1806, on the
proclamation of blockade of the British Islands by the Berlin
decree.
3 Another illustration in favour of one T may not be amiss,
inasmuch as it is amusing as well as instructive. Spartian, one
of the " Scriptores Historise Augusti," says that Florus addressed
Hadrian as follows :
" Ego nolo Csesar esse
Ambulare per Britannos
Scythicas pati pruinas."
To which Hadrian wittily replied :
" Ego nolo Florus esse
Ambulare per tabernas
Latitare per popinas
Culices pati rotundas."
Capt. (now Admiral) Smyth quotes this after his description
of the " Disci plina Aug." of Hadrian.
WHICH IS RIGHT, BRIT. OR BRITT. 197
" Quanto Delphinis balsena Britannica major." 4
' Juvenal, Lib. iv., Sat. x., v. 14.
These quotations plainly demonstrate that BRITANNIA
should be spelt with one T, or the I would become long.
It may be interesting to examine the following list of the
different spellings selected from between the reigns of
Claudius and Geta, inclusive.
Two Ts.
BRITTANNIA. Had. 2 JE>.
BRITTANIA (sic). Comm. ^E med.
BRITT. Comm. 1. M.
V1CTORIAE BRITTANNICAE. Sev. Carac. and Geta.
1. 2 JE.
ONE T.
ADVENTVI. AVG. BRITANNIAE. Had. l.^E (Hobler).
BRITANNIA. Had. 1. 2 M. Anton. 1.2 M. Comm.
1. JE, (Vaillant).
BRITAN. Anton. 1. JE.
BRITANNICVS. Britannicus 1. M
BPETANNIKOS. - and Nero 3 J J- On obverse.
BRIT. Comm. Sev. Carac. and Geta.
EXERC. BRITANNICVS | H A *?
EXERC. BRITAN. / *
4 There is only one example among the poets (as far as I
know), in which the first syllable is long, and that is in Lucretius,
Lib.vi. 1.1106:
" Nam quid Brittannis coelum differre putamus."
I quote Lachmann's edition. There are many other readings
" Britannis," " Brittannum," " Brittanidis," etc. This last is in
the Ed. Havercamp, in which there is a lengthy note arguing its
superiority ; and it is quoted as the correct reading in the Man.
Hist. Brit. The Greeks called " The Islands " " PpiTraviZas "
according to Dion, and Lucretius may have taken the word from
the Greek, " Britain" being nearly always spelt with two Ts, as
," " ftplmvuu"
198 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
DE. BRITANNIS. Claudius. Al. Med.
DE. BRITANNI. ' &.
DE. BRITANN. #. &.
VICTORIAS. BRIT. Sev. JR. Carac. jr. &. Geta &.
VICT. BRIT. Comm. 1. &. Sev. 1. 2 M. Carac. 1.2 JE.
Geta 1. J&.
Now to answer the question, Whether BRIT, or BRITT.
ought to be part of the legend on the new coinage ? And
on this subject it is curious to see the various opinions in
our newspapers. Some say, that " one ought to double the
last letter of the abbreviation to form the plural"; others,
" that the additional letter is the last letter of the word,"
and quote MSS. (manuscripts !) as an example. To the
first rule an objector rises ; he has found a shilling with the
word BRITANN1AR on it. "If," says he, "one ought to
double the last letter of the abbreviation, why has not the
H been doubled ?" Besides, there are minor discussions
about " Britannia-ae Britannise-arum" ; of these I need
not speak.
In answer to the above suggestions, I should reply, that
the argument, founded on the supposition of the " additional
letter being the last letter of the word abbreviated, if that
abbreviation is more than one syllable, is without precedent
in classical authority ; nor is "the additional letter the last
letter of the word." " COS," stands for " Consul," or
"consuli"; " COSS," for " Consules," or, " Consulibus." 5
5 It is impossible to lay down any law for the abbreviation of
the first syllable; for instead of " CONS. " for " Consul," as we
should expect, we find " COS." " CONS" occurs as an abbre-
viation for the genitive singular and plural, or the dative singular.
On the coins of Romulus (1060 1062, A.D.306 309) there is
the legend DIVO-ROMVLO NVBISCONS; lately shewn by
M. Adrien de Longperier, in the Revue Numismatique (T. V.,
No. 1, p. 36), to read DIVO-KOMVLO'N.o&fesmo K.z
WHICH IS RIGHT, BRIT. OR BRITT. ? 199
"CAES," for "Cajsar"; "CAESS," for " Csesares," or
" Caesaribus" ; " MS," for '' Manu-Scriptum," " MSS," for
"Manu-Scripta"; "IMP," for " Imperator," " IMPP/' f or
" Imperatores " ; "NOB. CAES.," for " Nobilis Cscsar,"
"NOBB. CAESS.," for "Nobiles Casares " ; " AVG," for
" Augustus," "AVGG.," for two Augusti, and "AVGGG,"
for three. "ADVENT. AVGG./' or " VI RTVS. AVGG.,"
would of course be " Adventus," or, "Virtus Augustorum." 6
We may compare with our inscription of "BRITAN-
NIAR," the legend " VIRTVS. AVGVSTOR." Do we find
an extra R added to express the plural ? Do we find
" AVGVSTT " for two Augusti, or " AVGVSTTT " for three ?
No. The abbreviations are thoroughly Latin, and the
additional letter is added after the first syllable, that
letter being a repetition of the last letter of the first
syllable, as may be seen in the examples above given. 7
Why so much agitation about the new coinage should have
occurred, seems astonishing. I might give many more
examples ; but [ think I have proved that "BRITT." cannot
but be correct, if written for "Britanniarum" ; and "BRITT.,"
on the new coinage of our Queen, representing, as it is
meant to do, '* The British Islands Great Britain and
Ireland," is, as every scholar (who has in any way studied
CONSwZz. Also on an aureus of Heraclius I. and Heracleonas
(13631394, A.D. 610641), there is on the reverse, VICTO-
RIA. CONS-ASIA (?). This evidently is, "Victoria Consulis," or
" Consulum." ABIA is yet unexplained.
6 I must here remark, that the affix of G to AVG does not
necessarily mean two Augusti, " AVGG" being often used in a
plural sense.
7 If the first syllable is only one letter, that letter is repeated,
as in" LL.D.," for " Legum Doctor"; " DD.," for " Domini," or
" Dominorum "; " NN.," for " Nostri," or " Nostrorum," as the
case may be, etc., etc.
200 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
our ancient Roman coins or the classics) will most assuredly
allow, the right and proper reading. Therefore " BRIT. "
is not the correct form to put on our coins.
I am yours very truly.
FRED. W. MADDEN.
W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., F.S.A.,
Pres. Num. Soc.
INDEX I.
NAMES OF THE AUTHORS AND OF THE PAPERS
CONTRIBUTED BY THEM.
ABADIE, A. THOMAS DE, on
the Money of Ethiopia. 1839.
ii. 6568.
AKERMAN, J. Y. Further Observ-
ations on the Coinage of the
Ancient Britons. 1838. i.73
90.
Coins of Carausius and Allectus.
1838. i. 127, 128.
Unpublished Ancient British
Coins. 1839. ii. 7180; 191,
192; 231,232; iii. 152, 153.
Rude Coins discovered in Eng-
land. 1841. iv. 3034.
Coins of Ephesus, struck dur-
ing the dominion of the Ro-
mans. 1841. iv. 73 119.
Gold Mancus. 1842. v. 122
124.
Forgeries of Public Money, vi.
5782.
Description of some Merovingian
and other Gold Coins, dis-
covered in the parish of Cron-
' dale, in Hampshire, in the
year 1828. 1843. vi. 171
182.
Tokens issued by Wiltshire
Tradesmen. 1845. viii. 97
115.
Leaden Tokens found in London.
1845. viii. 116, 117.
Numismatic Illustrations of the
Narrative Portions of the
New Testament. 1845. viii.
133162.
Numismatic Illustrations of the
Acts of the Apostles, ix. 17
43.
Examples of London Coffee-
house and Tavern Tokens,
ix. 4966.
Examples of London Coffee-
house, Tavern, and Trades-
men's Tokens, 1847. x. 63
79.
AKERMAN, J. Y. Unedited Coin
of Domitian. x. 103.
Gaulish Coins with the Type
of the Charioteer, xi. 147
155.
Note on the Gold Coin inscribed
VERIC.COM.F. xi. 155, 156.
Ancient British Coins found in
Whaddon Chase, xii. 1 5.
Unpublished Ancient Briti-h
Coin, found on Farley-heath.
xii. 67.
Note on a Gold Coin in the
Cabinet' of Mr. Cuff. xii.
7981.
BAKER, THOMAS. List of Ro-
man Coins, found at Sapper-
ton Tunnel, Gloucestershire,
vii. 193195.
EARTH, HENRY. The Adoption
of the Athenian Standard in
the Coinage of some Italian
and Sicilian Cities, about
Olyrap. 75 (B.C. 481), cor-
roborated and accounted for
by Historical Evidence. 1845.
vii. 156 171.
BELL, WILLIAM. Particulars of
the Discovery of valuable
Gold Ornaments and many
Roman Coins, at Lengrich, in
the kingdom of Hanover,
xviii. 54 56.
Discovery of Roman Gold Coins
and Torques, at Lengrich.
(Letter, addressed to W.S.W.
Vaux, Esq.), 1860. xx. 189
191.
BERGMANN, HERR, on Austrian
Medals, iv. 184.
BERGNE, J. B. Pennies of William
the Conqueror. 1838. i. 119
122.
202
INDEX I.
BERGNE, J. B.
Additions to Mr. Walpole's Ac-
count of the Family of Roet-
tiers. iii. 56 60.
Irish Penny of Edward I. 1842.
v. 120, 121.
Remarks on the Pennies of
Henry, with the short and
long Cross. 1847. x. 26 42.
Half-crowns of Charles L, of
uncertain Mints. 1848. xii.
5762.
Unpublished Exeter Half-crowns
of Charles I. 1849. xii. 62
64.
Numismatic Sermon, preached
in 1694. xiv. 50 54.
Unpublished Coins of Cuthred,
Baldred, and William the
Conqueror. 1851. xiv. 145
150.
Coin of Carausius, of a new and
unpublished Type. 1851. xiv.
150152. .
Another Type of Baldred. 1852.
xv. 102, 103.
Denarius of Pescennius Niger.
xvi. 41.
Coin Pedigrees. 1853. xvi. 133
146; xvii. 2032.
Unpublished Coins. 1855. xviii.
115119.
Foreign or Counterfeit Ster-
lings. 1855. xviiL 121
129.
BIRCH, S. Medallions of Caracalla
and Geta, with the head of
the latter erased. 1838. i.
194197.
Coins of the Thessalian Larissa.
1839. i. 222230.
Unedited Greek Coins, obtained
by the British Museum, from
Count Falbe. 1839. ii. 57
61.
Researches relative to the Con-
nection of the Deities repre-
sented upon the Coins of
Egyptian Nomes with the
Egyptian Pantheon. 1839. ii.
86107.
Coin of Magnesia, with the
Head of Cicero. 1839. ii.
107112.
Unedited Coins of Asia. 1839.
ii. 160 171.
! BIRCH, S.
Coins connected with the Geo-
graphy of Galatia. 1839. ii.
223230.
Remarks on an Unedited Coin
of Pergamus. 1840. ii. 243
247.
Type of Phastus, in Crete. 1840.
" iii. 6982.
Unedited Asiatic Coins. 1840.
iii. 90 99.
Discovery of Roman Coins in
Spain, iii. 126.
Uneditad Coin of Demetrius
the Second. 1840. iv. 11
15.
Unedited Greek Coins, with
Notes and Illustrations. 1841.
iv. 127145.
Type of Aegiale and Epi-
daurus. 1842. ^v. 193
196.
Tin Coins of Tavoy. vi. 91*
93.
Unedited Coins, principally of
Asia Minor. 1844. vii. 5 18.
Medal from Cha Poo, in the
Province of Che Keang. vii.
43.
New proposed Reading of certain
Coins of Cunobeline, 1844,
vii. 7884.
Notes on some Types of Taren-
tum. 1844. vii. 107 109.
Types of Terina. 1844. vii.
142145.
Sycee Silver. 1845. vii. 173
179.
Inedited Greek Coins. 1845.
viii. 39 48.
Notes on Types of Caulonia.
1845. viii. 163169.
Chinese Bank Note. 1849. xii.
169171.
New Coins of British Reguli.
1851. xiv. 7179.
Coins of Germanus. xviii. 165
172.
Remarkable Coin of Seuthes
I. 1859. xx. 151 156.
BORRELL, H. P., on Coins of An-
deda in Pisidia. 1839. ii.
14.
Coin of Artaxias, King of Ar-
menia. 1839. ii. 4 6.
Notice sur quelques Medailles
INDEX I.
203
BORRELL, H. P.
Grecques des Rois de Chyprc.
1839. ii. 5153.
Remarks on the Type of some of
the Coins of ^Enianes of
Thessaly. 1839. ii. 149152.
Restitution to the city of Ephc-
sus (when called Arsinoe) of
the Coins hitherto attributed
to Arsinoe, in Cyreniaca, and
to Arsinoe, in Cilicia. 1839.
ii. 171176.
Restitution of several Coins
hitherto supposed to belong
to the cities of Apollonia, in
Lydia and Caria to Apol-
lonia, in Pisidia. 1839. ii. 182
187.
An Inquiry into the early Ly-
dian Money, and an attempt
to fix the Classification of
certain Coins to Croesus.
1839. ii. 216 223.
Restitution to Histiajotis, in
Thessaly, of several Coins
hitherto classed to Histiiea,
in Euboea. 1840. ii. 232
237.
Some Observations on the Coins
of Pellene, in Achaia, which
have been erroneously classed
by Numismatic Writers to
Pella, in Macedonia, Pelinna,
in Thessaly, and to the
island of Peparethus. 1840.
ii. 237242.
on the Coins reading OKO-
KAIEQN. 1840. iii. 3539.
on Unedited Autonomous and
Imperial Greek Coins. 1840.
iii. 103 116; 133148; iv.
111; 142. v. 173192;
1842-3. vii. 115 160; 187
200; 1844. vii. 45 77; 115
134; 1845. viii. 235;
1846. ix. 143172; x. 80
100, 1848. xi. 5759.
on Unedited Coins of the Lower
Empire. 1840. iv. 1522.
on some Coins of Argos in Ar-
golis, and particularly on an
early Coin, struck for Phei-
don, King of the Argives.
1840. vi. 4252.
BORRELL, MAXIMILIAN. Re-
gal Syrian Tetra-drachm*,
BORRELL, MAXIMILIAN,
found in Tarsus, xv. 40 57.
Coins of the Vandals in Africa,
xvii. 3 12.
BOYNE, W. Notice of six Plates
of Tokens of the seventeenth
century, having reference to
to .London and South wurk.
xx 176 187.
BUNBURY, E. H., on the Date of
some of the Coins of Himera.
1845. vii. 179 186.
BURGON, J.W. Pistrucci's Inven-
tion (a Letter to the Editor).
1838. i. 5362.
on the Amelioration of the
Coinage, A.D. 1560. 1839. ii.
1217.
on a Hoard of Pennies of Henry
II., found in Bedfordshire.
1839. ii. 5457.
on a New Method of obtaining
Representations of Coins, iii.
190192.
BURGON, THOMAS, on a Mode
of ascertaining the Places to
which Ancient British Coins
belong, 1838. i. 36 53.
Observations on a Coin of Cleo-
patra and M. Anthony. 1838.
i. 198201.
on Coins of Lebadcia and Za-
cynthus. 1839. i. 248252.
on the Coins of Zancle; and on
a very remarkable Variation
in the Type of a Coin of that
city, in the British Museum.
1840. iii. 4047.
on two Newly-discovered Silver
Tetradrachms of Amyntas,
King of Galatia: with some
Remarks on the Diminution
in Weight of the Attic
Drachma. 1845. viii. 69
96.
on certain Rare Greek Coins,
recently acquired by the
British Museum. 1855. xix.
229236.
BURN, J. H. Memoir on the Roet-
tiers. 1841, iii. 158 189.
CARRARA, SIONOR, on a Leaden
Coin of Theodora, iv. 182,
183.
F F
204
INDEX I.
CARRUTHERS, JAMES. Dis-
covery of English and Scotch
Coins in Ireland, viii. 49.
List of Roman Coins from Cole-
raine. xvii. 111115.
CAKTIER. M. Memoirs on the
Coins of the Kings of the
First Race. iii. 62.
CAUTUS, on Cast-dies for Medals.
1838. i. 122 127.
CHAFFERS, W., on Pontefract
Siege Pieces. 1854. xvii.
9395.
CHALON, RENTER, on a Sterling
of Blumberg, in Alsace, with
the Type of the Pennies of
Henry HI. of England. 1850.
xiv. 44, 45.
Curious Counterfeit Sterling
xix. 11, 12.
CHBISTM AS, HENRY. Tin Mo-
ney of the Trading Parts of
the Burman Empire. 1844.
vii. 33 34.
Inedited Saxon and English
Coins. 1844. vii. 135142.
Numismatic Scraps. 1845. viii.
36,39; 125127.
CORY, J. P., Proposal for the in-
troduction of the Decimal
Division in Money. 1838.
i. 114118.
CUFF, J. D. An Account of Gold
Coins of James I. and Charles
I., discovered at Southend.
1838. i. 3033.
on some Gold Coins of Edward
III. and Richard II., recently
found at Westminster. 1842,
v. 133141.
on Anglo-Saxon Coins discovered
at York, in the year 1842.
ix. 121127.
CUNNINGHAM, LIEUT. An At-
tempt to explain some of the
Monograms found upon the
Grecian Coins of Ariana and
India. 1845. viii. 175197.
on the Ancient Coinage of Kash-
mir. 1843. vi. 1 38.
DESCHAMPS,L., on two Unpub-
lished coins connected with
the History of Boulogne-sur-
mer. 1839. ii. 192198.
DICKINSON, W.B., on the Jewel,
or Ring-money of the Interior
of Africa, vi. 201212.
Tin-money of the Trading Parts
of the Burman Empire, vii.
2933.
on Bullion Currency, 1844. vii.
8594.
On the Term '' Bar," employed
in African Exchange Com-
putation. 1844. vii. 94 99.
on Concurrent Medal Money and
Jewel Currency. 1845. viii.
207220.
Silver Coinage of Siam, 1848.
xi, 4048.
on the African Gold Ring Cur-
rency of the Jolax Tribe, and
the Silver Fish-hook Money
of Ceylon. 1848. xi. 161
176.
Further Remarks on the Silver
Fish-hook Money, and the
Ticals of Siam. xii. 8291.
Dudu-Masu, Coco-Reedi, or
Hook-money of Ceylon. 1850.
xiii. 61 66.
Remarks on a Gold Ring found
at Wormleighton, Warwick-
shire. 1851. xiv. 57 65.
Find of Anglo-Saxon Coins in
the Isle of Man. xvi. 99
104.
A Defence of Ring-money, as a
Medium of Exchange. 1853.
xvi. 150 169.
Remarks on some Saxon Coins,
found in the Isle of Man.
xvii. 130.
DUMERSAN, M., on the Coins
called " Cistophori." ix. 1
6; 6679.
DYMOCK, J., on Northumbrian
Skeattas. iii. 154, 155.
Arrangement of Mercian Pen-
nies, bearing the Inscription
" Ceolwulf," or " Ciolwulf
Rex." 1841. iv. 23 27.
on a Supposed Penny of Stephen.
1841. iv. 146, 147.
on Coins of Ethelstan. 1842. v.
124127.
on a Penny of ./Ethelstan, 1842.
T. 127129.
ELLIS, SIR H., K.H. Proclama-
IXDEX I.
205
ELLIS, SIR H., K.H.
tions relating to the English
Coinage. 1842. v. 196 201.
EVANS, J., on the Date of British
Coins, 1849. xii. 127136.
on some Coins of the Empress
Matilda, Queen of England.
1851. xiv. 66 71.
Remarks on the British Coins
attributed to Dubnovellaun us.
1851. xiv. 7982.
List of Coins found at Ayott
St. Lawrence, xiv. 83, 84.
Remarks on the Coins of Cuno-
beline, and the Ancient
Britons, xiv. 126 140.
on another Coin reading WE-
RERIC. 1851. xiv. 153, 154.
Remarks on Rare and Unpub-
lished Coins. 1852. xv. 92
97.
Unique Noble of Edward IV.
1852. xvi. 3840.
on some Rare and Unpublished
British Coins. 1853. xvi. 80
88.
on Unpublished Coins of Carau-
sius. 1853. xvi. 170 174.
on the Attribution of a new
Type in Silver to Dubnovel-
latinus. 1853. xvi. 176 179.
on a Method of Casting Coins in
use among the Ancient Bri-
tons, xvii. 18, 19.
on the Coins of Cunobeline, with
the Legend TASCIOVANI.
F. 1855. xviii. 3644.
on some Rare and Unpublished
British Coins. 1855. xviii.
4453.
on the Attribution of certain
Ancient British Coins to Ad-
dedomaros. 1856. xviii. 155
161.
Errors respecting the Coinage of
the Ancient Celtic Kings of
Britain. 1856. xviii. 161
165.
on a Rare Noble of the first
coinage of Edward IV. 1856.
xix. 810.
on some Unpublished Types of
Ancient British (Joins. 1857.
xix. 6470.
on a Gold Coin of Epaticcus.
1857. xx. 18.
EVANS, J.
on a Shilling of Edward VI.
1856, xx. 22 -24.
on a Barbarous Coin or Amulet
of Helena, the mother of
Constantino, xx. 43 48.
on some Coins of Tasciovanus,
with the Legend, VER.BOD.
1858. xx. 57 65.
on the Coins found upon and
near the site of Ancient
Verulam. 1858. xx. 101
141.
on some Rare and Unpublished
British Coins. 1860. xx. 157
175.
FAIRHOLT, F. W. Proclamation
against Wood's Half-pence,
xiv. 5456.
on Early Celtic Coins, found in
Kent. 1853. xvi. 184 186.
FAIRLESS, J., Stycas, found at
York. 1844. vii. 3436.
FALBE, M. Les Antiques Monnaies
d'Abdera de laBetique. 1849.
xiii. 24 37.
FIELD, J., on Ancient Coyning-
Yrons. 1844. vii. 1822.
FINLAY, GEORGE. Note on By-
zantine Coins. 1854. xvii.
126-128.
FITZGERALD, J. E., on a Coin of
Guy de Lusignan, King of
Cyprus. 1845. viii. 197
206.
FOX, ROBT. Roman Coins found
at Knapwell, in Cambridge-
shire, iv. 64, 65.
FOX, Lieut-General. Engravings
of Unedited or Rare Greek
Coins, with Descriptions,
Notice of. xix. 47. 48.
FRANCIS, G. G. Silver Pennies
found at Swansea, iii. 60, 61.
GIBBS, JOSEPH. Suggestions on
an Unpublished Shilling of
Queen Anne, of the second
issue of the Edinburgh Mint,
being an attempt to reconcile
the date of the coin with the
traditionary tale as to the
cause of such second issue.
1854. xvii. 83-89.
GROTEFEND, G. F. Letter from
206
INDEX I.
GROTEFEND, G. F.
Dr. Lee, on Ring-Money.
1838. i. 181 187.
Translation of Paper on " What
People first stamped Money ?"
1839. i. 234247.
on the Kesitah of the Holy Scrip-
ture. 1840. ii. 248252.
H. L. Y., on the Pennies of Regnald.
1839. ii. 711.
on the Types of the Irish Coins
of King John. 1839. ii. 187
190.
on Sceattas. 1839. ii. 152 160.
on the Arrangement of the Coins
of the Archbishops of Can-
terbury. 1839. ii. 209 215.
HAGGARD, W. DEBONNAIRE,
on Medals of the Pretender.
1839. i. 209-222; ii. 37
42; ii.124 132;ii.l77 182,
1840. iii. 149152.
Observations on the Standard of
Value and the Circulating
Medium of this Country.
1839. ii. 17 35.
Notice of a Medal of the Cheva-
lier d'Eon. 1847. xi. 4856.
on Californian Gold. xiii. 37
41.
HAIGH.D. H., on the Coins of East
Anglia. 1839. ii. 4751.
on the Pennies of Henry III.,
with the short cross. 1841.
iii. 201 204.
Legen d s on British Coin s. 1841.
iv. 27, 28.
Paper by, Remarks on by Editor
of Chronicle, iv. 29, 30.
Remarks upon the Numismatic
History of East Anglia
during 'the 7th and 8th Cen-
turies. 1841. iv. 3441.
on Coins of Romanus, I. and II.
1341. iv. 5456.
Remarks on Early Scottish Coins,
and on the Arrangement of
those bearing the name of
Alexander. 1841. iv. 67
72.
on the Gold Triens inscribed,
"Dorovernis Civitas." 1841.
iv. 120, 121.
Further Remarks on the Numis-
matic History of East Anglia,
HAIGH, D. H.
during the ninth Century.
1841. iv. 195 200.
on the Coins of the Cuerdale
Find, with the names " Sie-
fredus," " Cunnetti," and
"Ebraice." 1842. v. 105
117.
on Leaden Tokens. 1843. vi.
8290.
An Essay on the Numismatic
History of the East Angles,
Notice of.- ix. 45 47.
HAMILTON, W. R,, on Blondeau's
Proposal for Reforming the
Coinage of England. 1838.
i. 165 180.
on Cast Dies for Medals. 1839.
i. 230233.
HAWKINS, E. Remarks on the
the Coins of Northumbria.
1838. i. 1 4.
Remarks upon the Sceatta and
Styca, attributed to Huth of
Northumbria. 1838. i. 5
12.
Observations on British Coins.
1838. i. 13 26.
on some Saxon Coins, discovered
near Gravesend, in 1838.
1840. iii. 1434.
Notice on F. D.'s Northumbrian
Skeattas. iii. 156 157.
An account of Coins and Trea-
sure found in Cuerdale, 1841.
v.l 43; 53104.
Discovery of English Pennies at
Bermondsey. viii. 170.
Counterfeit Sterlings. 1850. xiii.
8694.
Naval Honorary Medals, xiii.
as no.
Gold Coins of England, xiii. 46
60; 113128; 167180.
Badges and Memorials ot Charles
I. xiii. 191205; xiv. 30
44.
Find of English Coins at Batnp-
ton. xiv. 84, 85.
HAWKINS, WALTER. Note on
the Change of Position in the
Legend of the Dollar of 1 567,
of John George II., Elector
of Saxony. 1841. iv. 169.
on a Dollar of John George II.,
Elector of Saxon v. iv. 169.
INDEX I.
207
HAWKINS, WALTER.
on a Russian Beard Token. 1845.
vii. 153155.
HOARE, ED WARD, on Irish Base
Groats. 1841. iv. 208 211.
Ancient British Coins found in
Dorsetshire, vi. 200, 211.
on some Celtic Ring-money with
pointed ends, similar to the
African Ring-currency. 1844.
vii. 15.
On a Curious Foreign Sterling.
1845. viii. 1, 2.
Varieties of the Irish Base
Groats of Philip and Mary,
viii. 170.
Unpublished Varieties of the
Irish Full-face Half-pence of
John. 1847. x. 104107;
179181; 1851. xiv. 4 8
Unpublished Variety of Geta, in
Middle Brass, relating to
Britain, xiv. 86, 87.
Coin of Edward the Confessor,
with probable Surname, xiv.
176, 177.
on another Uncertain Anglo-
Saxon, or Anglo-Danish
Coin. 18&3. xvi. 146 149.
Pattern Groats of Edward I.,
found near Drogheda, Ire-
land; and Unpublished Pen-
ny of Alexander II. or III.
of Scotland, coined in Stir-
ling, found near the same
locality, xvi. 192.
on a Unique and Unpublished
Crown-penny of Edward IV.,
minted at Waterford. 1853.
xvii. 13.
Silver Coins found near Dublin,
xvii. 57, 58.
on Celto-Irish Ring-money, with
a Descriptive Catalogue, xvii.
6283.
HOLMBOE, Prof., on Pennies of
Henry II. and Henry III.
iv. 184, 185.
on Coins of Ethelred II. 1854.
xvii. 95 97.
Le "Mancus" des Anglo-Saxons.
1858. xx. 149, 150.
HOLROYD, A. T., on the Iron Mo-
ney of Kordofan. 1839. i. 210
213.
J. J. Unpublished Penny of Wil-
liam I., reading, ^ELNER on
SNVD. v. 159.
on some Unpublished English
Pennies of Edward IV. and
Henry VIII. vi. 90, 91.
JONES, J. COVE. Remarkable
Coin of Carausius. xv. 97,98.
KENYON, JOSEPfi, on a Mercian
Penny of Heribert. 1843. vi.
163168.
Unpublished Penny of Ethelstan
I., of East Anglia. vii. 38,
39.
Worcester Penny of Alfred, vii.
39, 40.
Discovery of Ancient Coins and
other Treasure near Preston.
iii. 6265
KING, C.W., on Coins ofMaximi-
anus and Carausius. vii. 200.
LANGDON.AUGUSTINW. Un-
published Coins. 1854. xvii.
98101.
LEAKE, W. MARTIN. Weights
of Greek Coins. 1854. xvii.
201214.
LEE, JOHN. Observations on
some remarkable large Brass
Roman Coins. 1848. xii. 19
26.
LENORMANT, CH., on the Origin
of the Celtiberian Alphabet,
and on the Meaning of some
of the Characters that com-
pose it. 1840. iii. 1 13.
LINDSAY, J., on the Styca, sup-
posed of Huath of Northum-
bria. 1838. i. 141 147.
on an Unpublished Penny of
./Ethelstan, and Half- penny of
Edward the Confessor, ii. 35
37.
on the Appropriation of certain
Coins to Northumbria and
East Anglia. 1839. ii. 132
138.
A View of the Coinage of Ire-
land, Notice of. ii. 138
140.
Coins found at Dungarvan. iii.
194, 195.
Penny of Edward the Elder, iii.
195.
208
INDEX I.
LINDSAY, J.
Presumed Skeattaof Archbishop
Theodore, v. 158, 159.
on some Anglo-Saxon Stycas.
1842. vi. 38 41.
a View of the Coinage of the
Heptarchy, Notice of. vi.
93103.
a View of the Coinage of Scot-
land, Notice of. viii. 171.
on some Unpublished Medals.
xviii. 128 130.
LLOYD, W. WATKISS on the
Types of the Coins of Caulo-
nia. x. 1 20.
Observations on Coins of Selinus.
1847. x. 108126.
on Coins of Crotona. 1847. xi.
1 18.
on Chorographical Greek Coins.
1848. xi. 105 119.
LOEWE, DR. L. Notice of a Mam-
luk Coin, struck by command
of the Sultan, Melik Dhaher
Kokn-Ed-Din Bibars Bon-
dodhari. 1857. xix.71 84.
Memoir on the Lemlein Medal.
1857. xix. 237270.
LONGPERIER, ADRIEN DE, on
a Coin of Titiopolis in Isauria.
1839. i. 213 217.
on a Remarkable Gold Coin of
Offa, 1841. iv. 232 234.
Note on some Curious Coins
of the Cuerdale Find. 1842.
v. 117 120.
Remarks on an Unedited Mouton
D'or, struck in Normandy by
Henry V. of England, xii.
619.
Essai sur les Medailles des Rois
Perses, List of Errors and
Omissions in. xv. 184 187.
LOSCOMBE, C. W., on Sceattas.
i. 66, 67.
Caesar's Account of British
Money, v. 157, 158.
on a Medal of the Saxe-Coburg
Family, vi. 169.
LUYN ES, Le Due de. Coins of Ab-
demGn,Pharnabazus, Syphax,
and of Alexander Bala. xiv.
820.
MADDEN, FRED. W. Which is
Right, BRIT. orBRITT.,on
MADDEN, FRED. W.
the New Coinage of 1860?
(A Letter, addressed to
W.S.W. Vaux, Esq.) 1860.
xx. 195200.
MOMMSEN, Prof., on the Weight of
Sassanian Coins, xix. 223,
224.
MOORE, W. YORKE, on the Pen-
nies of Henry, with the Short
and Long Cross. 1846. x.
2126.
MULLER, L., on a Tetradrachm of
Alexander. 1858. xx. 39
42.
MURCHISON, R. M., on some
Unique Gold Coins of Ed-
ward VI. 1857. xx. 187, 188.
NEWTON, CHAS., on the Coin
attributed by Mr. Borrell to
Alexander of Pherae. 1844.
vii. 110 113.
Proposed Attribution to Allaria,
in Crete, of a Coin at present
ascribed to Lacedsemon. 1844.
vii. 114,115.
NICHOLS, J.'G. Anecdotes of the
English Coinage. 1839. ii.
8085.
NIGHTINGALE, B. Letter on the
Roettiers. iii. 56.
Remarks on a Paper entitled
" Memoir of the Roettiers."
iv. 5661.
Notices of Thomas Simon, iv.
211232.
on New Penny Pieces for 1841.
iv. 62.
Letter from Thomas Rawlins to
John Evelyn, iv. 123125.
Issues of the Exchequer, being
Payments made out of H.M.
Revenues, Temp. James I.
and Charles I. iv. 181, 182.
Tower Mint, 1651 and 1679. iv.
237, 238.
on a Large Brass Coin of Otho.
v. 49, 50.
Spurious Ancient Coins, v. 159,
160.
Thomas Simon and the Roettiers,
1844. vii. 22 24.
on Siege-money of Landau, 1845.
vii. 2527.
Tin-money of the Trading Parts
INDEX I.
209
NIGHTINGALE, B.
of the Burman Empire, 144.
vii. 27 29.
Notice of Thomas Simon in
Shadwell's Play, " Sullen
Lovers." vii. 146.
on a Medal of Sir John Fortescue.
viii. 50, 51.
on a Medal of the Pretender, ix.
44.
Roman Remains, Farley Heath.
1847. x. 143, 144.
Henry, Prince of Wales, son of
James I., a Coin Collector,
xi. 187, 188.
Thomas Rawlins, and the Hono-
rary Medals of the Common-
wealth, xiii. 129 133.
Medallic Tickets, xviii. 89
104.
OLDFIELD, EDMUND, on the
Orthographical Form of the
Names inscribed on certain
Gaulish and British Coins.
xv. 107120.
OLSHAUSEN, DR. JUL. Pehlevi
Legends on the Coins of the
last Sassanian Kings, of the
early Arabian Khalifs, of the
Ispehbeds, of Taberistan, and
on the Indo-Persic Coins of
Eastern Iran. xi. 60 92;
121 146.
PFISTER,!. G. Dates on Coins, i.
6365.
on Forged Mediaeval Coins, i.
65, 66.
on a Unique and Unpublished
Gold Coin [Sequin], struck
in the Island of Rhodes, by
James de Milly, the 34th
Grand Master of the Order
of St. John of Jerusalem,
14541461. 1850. xiv. 1
3.
Memoirs of Johann Crocker,
Chief Engraver and Medal-
list of the English Mint,
during the Reigns of Queen
Anne and the Kings George
L and II.. xv. 6773.
on an Unedited Gold Coin of
Florence, struck in 1805,
which was called, "II Zec-
PFISTER, I. G.
chino di San Zenobio." 1852.
xvi. 77 80.
on a Unique and Unedited Silver
Coin (Denarius) of Odoacer,
King of Italy, A.D. 476
493, struck at Ravenna.
1855. xvii. 223237.
Unique Coin of Sora: struck in
1462, when the Duchy of
Sora became annexed to the
Patrimony of St. Peter, xvii.
238244.
on a very Rare Silver Coin (De-
nario d'Argento) of Beren-
garius II., King of Italy,
with his Son, Albertus (Ad-
albertus) as Co-Regent, A.D.
950962. 1855. xviii. 57
75.
Stray Leaves from the Journal
of a Traveller in search or
Ancient Coins, xix. 85
220.
PINDER, M. Ancient Coins in the
Museum of Berlin; Trans-
lation by Edmund Oldfield,
Esq. xvii. 174 199.
POEY D'AVANT, M. Translation
of Paper by, on Roman Coin
Moulds. 1838. i. 147153.
Translation of Paper by, on a
Manufactory of Money, dis-
covered at Damery, in the
Department of Marne, 1830.
1838. i. 154 161.
POOLE, REG. STUART. Some
Remarks on the Copper Coin-
age of the Byzantine Em-
perors. 1853. xvi. 114 121.
Observations on a Kazbegi of
Feth Alee Shah, King of
Persia. 1854. xvii. 3338.
Some Account of a Hoard of
Roman Coins found in North-
amptonshire. 1854. xvii. 38
48.
on the Coinage of the Dynasties
called the Benee-Tooloon,
and the Ikhsheedeeyeh, ruling
in Egypt. 1854. xvii. 116
126.
PORTER, J. SCOTT, on Roman
Coins found near Coleraine.
1854. xvii. 101111.
POSTE, BEALE. Answer to
210
INDEX I.
POSTE, BEALE.
Keir.arks by J. Evans, Esq.,
on the Coins of Cunobeline,
and of the Ancient Britons.
% xv. 121.
on the Date of the British Coins,
inscribed " DVBNOVEL-
LAVNOS,"and on the Le-
gend, " TASCLOVANI. F."
xv. 208217.
Correction of Errors respecting
the Coinage of the Ancient
Celtic Kings of Britain, xviii.
105114.
PRETTY, E. Pewter Farthings in
Time of Cromwell, vi. 217,
218.
PUTTOCK, JAMES. Saxon Coins
found near Dorking, in 1817.
vii. 199, 200.
RASHLEIGH, J. Descriptive List
of a Collection of Coins of
Henry I. and Stephen, dis-
covered in Hertfordshire, in
1818. xii. 138 165.
Two Coins of Henry Newburgh,
Earl of Warwick ( ?), and
some Coins supposed to be
Baronial, xii. 165 169.
Brief Notice of the Bute Collec-
tion of Medals and Coins.
1850. xiii. 1 7.
An Account of some Baronial
and other Coins of King
Stephen's Reign. 1850. xiii.
181191.
READE, Rev. J. B. Observations
on the Roman Coin-moulds
found at Lingwell Gate, near
Wakefield, in the years 1697,
1706, 1820, 1830. 1838. i.
161165.
on the Date of Cleopatra's As-
sumption of the Title, 6EA
NEOTEPA. 1838. i. 209.
E., G. C. A Description of two
Cufic Coins. 1839. ii. 69
71.
RUPPELL, D. EDWARD, on an
Unedited Coin of one of the
early Kings of Abyssinia.
1845. viii. 121, 122.
S.
Penny of Edred. iv. 184.
SAINTHILL, R, on the Coins of
William the Conqueror. 1839.
ii.42 47.
on the Groats of Henry VII.
with the open crown. 1841.
iv. 170174.
on the Irish Coin of Edward IV.
1841. iv. 205 207.
on the attribution of certain
Coins to Edward III. and
Edward V. 1851. xiv.20 30.
on the use of the Samaritan
Language, by the Jews until
the reign of Hadrian, de-
duced from the Coins of
Judea. 1851. xiv. 89 104.
Suggestions for placing English
Inscriptions on the coinage
of Great Britain and Ireland.
1846. xiv. 105109.
on an unpublished pattern Rupee
of William IV. 1855. xviii.
7582.
Coins in the King of Denmark's
Cabinet. 1855. xviii. 129
137.
SCOTT, W.D., unpublished varie-
ties of Greek, Colonial, Im-
perial, and Roman Coins,
xiv 110 126.
on African Regal Coins, xv.
8292.
Addenda to the African Regal
Coins, xv. 218.
Coins of Helena, xv. 188203.
Numismatic Rectifications, xv.
203208.
on Ancient Spanish Coins, xvi.
120.
The Coins of Germanus. xvii.
2122; xvii. 215 217.
Agrippias Caesarea. xvi. 97 99.
on Parthian Coins, 1854. xvii.
131 173.
on a Coin of Characa, Lydise(?).
xvii. 200.
on a rare Coin of Tyndaris,
Sicilian xvii. 218, 219.
Note on the new Shilling of
Queen Anne. 1854. xvii.
220 222.
Notice of some Regal Coins of
Mesopotamia. 1854. xviii.
136.
Period of the Coins of Ceylon,
xviii. 83 85.
INDEX I.
211
SCOTT, W. D.
Explanation of a type of Ar-
saces XXX. xvi'ii. 85, 86.
Miscellaneous Rectifications.
xviii. 119, 120.
on a Tetradrachm of Alexander,
struck at Aradus. xix. 2'2t,
222.
Note on a supposed Coin of Ca-
lynda. xix. 225, 226.
Note on the Coins of Mercdatcs
and Uiphoba. xix. 226, 227.
SHABPE, S., on the Eagle and
Thunderbolt on the Coins of
Rome and Syria. 1838. i.
187192.
on the dates upon the Coins of
Alexander. 1842. v. 141
145.
SHAW, SAMUEL, new Coin of Be-
orchtric, 1854. xvii. 59 61.
SMITH, AQUILLA, Curious For-
geries of Scotch Coins, xvi.
2329.
SMITH, C. ROACH, on two small
Brass Coins of the Second
Constantius, with the letters
PLON in the exergue. 1839.
i. 217, 218.
List of Roman Coins recently
found near Strood, Kent.
1839. ii. 112 124.
Discovery of Roman Coins at
Pevensey Castle, Sussex, iii.
6567.
Discovery of Roman Coins at
Charnwood Forest, iii. 67,
68.
Notice extraordinary posted on
the Ruins of the Exchange,
relative to the finding of
Coins, iii. 193, 194.
Medal of Mehemet Ali. iv. 65,
66.
on the Roman Coins discovered
in the Bed of the Thames,
near London Bridge, from
1834 to 1841. iv. 147 168;
187194.
Roman Coins found at Ancaster.
v. 157.
on some Anglo-Saxon Stycas
discovered at York. 1844.
vii. 99104.
Merovingian Coins, etc., disco-
vered at >St. Martins, near
SMITH, C. ROACH.
Canterbury. 1845. vii. 187
191.
Unedited Roman Coins. 1852.
xv. 7479.
British Silver Coins recently
found at Weston, in Norfolk,
1852. xv. 98 102.
Note on some Roman Coins
discovered in a Hypocuusr nt,
Wroxeter. 1859. xx. 798.3.
SMYTHE, CLEMENT T. The
Will of Thomas Simon, the
Medal Engraver, with ol>
servations thereon. 1842. v.
161172.
SPARKES, GEORGE, on a Coin
of Nero, with Wreath. 1845.
vii. 172, 173.
Observations on certain Greek
and Roman Coins. 1845. viii.
118121.
on a Medallion of Antoninus
Pius, xi.98 100.
Tables of French and Neapolitan
Weights, xi. 101, 102.
Proposed interpretation of the
the Numerals XCVI. on the
Coins of Diocletian. xi.
119121.
Unpublished Medals. 1853. xvi.
186191.
on some Gold Coins of Syracuse.
xvii. 1218.
on the Decimal System, xvii.
4850.
on the causes which influence
the value of Coins, xvii. 50
56.
on certain Terms used in Nu-
mismatics, xviii. 173,. 174.
Notes on Indo-Scythic Coins.
xix. 228.
STEARNS, W. G., on the Currency
of North America, iii. 123
125.
STEVENSON, SETH,W. Observ-
ations on a Jewelled Coin of
the Emperor Maurice, found
on the 31st of December,
1845, at Biicton, near Cro-
mer, Norfolk. 1847. ix. 131
143.
STUBBS ALFRED. Angel of
Henry VII., with the Le-
gend of the Noble, x. 147.
G fi
212
INDEX I.
THOMAS, EDWARD, on the Coins
of the Patan Sultans of Hin-
dustan, ix. 79 84.
List of the Patan, Afghan, or
Ghori Sultans of Hindustan
(Delhi), with descriptions.
ix. 89120; 172182. x.
4362; 127143; 151
178.
Supplementary Contributions to
the Series of the Coins of the
Patan Sultans of Hindustan,
xv. 121 180.
on the Oriental Legends on cer-
tain Imperial Arsacidan and
Partho-Persian Coins, xii.
6877; 91114.
Remarkable Indo-Japanian Coin.
xv. 65, 66.
Notice on certain Unpublished
Coins of the Sassanidae. xv.
180187.
Catalogue of Bactrian Coins.
xix. 13 45; 4963.
THOMSEN. Remarks on the An-
cient British and Anglo-
Saxon Coinage. 1840. iii.
116122.
Foreign Sterlings of the Type of
the Pennies of Henry III.
1850. xiii. 67 69.
Uncertain Coins of the Anglo-
Saxon Period, xvi. 104 107.
TONNA, L. H. I. The Coinage of
Modern Greece. 1838. i.
2629.
TORRENS, H., on the Greek Le-
gends of the Coins of the
Indo-Scythic Princes of
Cabul. xv. 22 40.
TOVEY, HENRY, L., on a Coin of
Valentinian with th,e Phoenix.
1848. xi. 176 179.
Discovery of Coins of Constan-
tine, etc.. of the London
Mint. 1849. xii. 64 66.
TUPPER, MARTIN F. An
account of some Roman
Coins and other Remains,
found at Albury, in Surrey,
in 1839 and 1840. iii. 83
90.
Lines by, on the Discoveries at
Farley Heath, x. 182, 183.
Unedited Ancient British Coins.
1848. xi. 92 97.
VAUX, W. S. W.. on a Discovery of
Roman Coins, in the Parish
of Little Malvern, Worces-
tershire. 1848. xi. 19 39.
Remarks on Four Rare Coins of
Afghanistan, lately acquired
by the British Museum. 1849.
xiii. 7 13.
on the Discovery of Cufic Coins
in Sweden and on the Shores
of the Baltic. 1850. xiii. 14
23.
Select Coins from the Cabinet
of Major Rawlinson, C.B.
1850. xiii. 70 85.
Extract of a Letter from Charles
J. Newton, Esq., P.M., Vice-
Consul at Mitylene, to Mr.
Burgon, of the British Mu-
seum, chiefly relating to a
Hoard of Coins of Alexander
the Great, discovered near
Patras, in 1850. 1852. xvi.
2937.
on some rare Bactrian Coins.
1852. xvi. 108 113.
on Coins of Ceylon, with some
Remarks on the so-called
Ring and Fish-hook Money,
attributed to that Island.
1853. xvi. 121 132.
on some Coins, chiefly Greek,
which have been lately
brought from the East,
xviii. 137 152.
on Coins of Niniva, Termessus,
etc. 1855. xix. 1 7.
on Coins discovered by W. K.
Loftus, Esq., at Susa. 1857.
xx. 2532.
on some Coins of Characene,
brought from Baghdad, by
Dr. Hyslop. 1857. xx. 32
38.
on Coins of Seistan, 1858. xx.
4957.
On Coins of Marathus, and of
Kamnaskires and Anzaze.
xx. 84100.
WALFORD, Rev. E. GIBBS, on a
Coin of Juba the Second,
1843. vi. 183186.
WEBSTER, W. Unpublished Va-
rieties of Rare Coins, xvi.
174176.
INDEX I.
213
WEBSTER, W.
Attribution of anew Saxon Type
to a King of Northumbria.
1853. xvi. 183, 184.
Remarks on the Blundered Le-
gends found upon the Anglo-
Saxon Coins, 1854. xvii. 89
93.
WHITTALL, JAMES, on Unpub-
lished Coins of Taba, in
Caria. 1840. iii. 99102.
WILKINSON, SIR GARDINER.
Inscription illustrating the
Legends on the Coins of Va-
ballathus. ix. 128, 129.
WILLIAM, JOHN. Some Account
of " Tseen Shih Too," a
Chinese work on Coins, in
the Library of the Numis-
WILLIAMS, JOHN.
matic Society of London.
1850. xiii. 143166.
Account of " Kin Ting |Tseen
Luh," a Chinese work on
Coins, in the Library of the
Numismatic Society of Lon-
don. 1851. xiv. 155175.
An Epitome of Chinese Numis-
matics, xvi. 44 76.
WILSON, Prof. H. H. Note on a
Medal of the King of Oude.
1842. v. 129133.
Remarks on the so-called Fish-
hook Money. 1853. xvi. 179
182.
YOUNG, HENRY H. An Otho
in first Brass, iv. 239243.
INDEX II.
ABDALGASES, Coins of, xix. 61, 62.
Abdemon, King of Phoenicia, Re-
marks on Coin of, xiv. 8 10.
Abdera (now Adra) Coins of, de-
scribed, iii. 104 106 ; no Money
struck by the first Colonists, the
Clazomenians, 103; Coins of, xiii.
2437.
Accilaeum Phrygiae, Remarks on
Coins of, viii. 14, 15.
Achaia, Coin of, xiv. 114.
ADAMSON, Mr., Paper by, in Archae-
ologia, vol. xxv., on Northum-
brian Stycas, i. 7.
Adana Cilicise, called the Hadri-
anic, from the name of Hadrian
A.Bpiavu>v, A&zvtwv, ii. 228.
Addedomaros, on the Attribution of
certain British Coins to, xviii. 155
161.
Adinnigaus, Coins of, xx. 37.
Adramyttium Mysise, Coins of, ii.
168; vi. 146.
Aeane Macedonia, Coin of, Re-
marks on, iii. 133.
-*Egi, in ^Eolis, Remarks on Coins
of, vii. 45, 46.
Aeganis, Coin of, xiv. 121.
Aegialus, in Amorgo, Coins of, Re-
marks on by Mr. Borrell, v.173
175; Shown by Mr. Birch to be
more correctly written CEgiale,
193.
Aegiale, Bearded Head on Coin of,
Aesculapius, v. 195.
Aegira, Remark on Coin of, xiv.
114.
Aegospotamos Chers. Thracise,Coin
of, iv. 1 .
Aeilred R, or Edilred Rex, Slyca of,
found at York, vii. 35.
Aelfred, Remarks and List of Coins
of, found at Cuerdaie, v. 11 21.
Aenianes Thessaliae, Coins of the,
described, ii. 149; note on, vii.
115, 116.
Aenas ThraciaB, first Gold Coin
published of, iii. 106.
AESV, Icenian Coin reading, xvi.
85.
Aethelstan, Penny of, with Moneyer
of the York Mint .^Ethelred, v.
128.
Aethilheard, Coin of, with name
and title of OrFa on reverse, iii.
157.
Aezanes Phrygiae, Coin of, vii. 9.
Afghanistan, Coins and Antiquities
of, iv. 122.
Africa, Coins of Ancient, xiv. 142
145.
African Regal Coins, Paper on, xv.
8292.
Agathokleia, Coin of, xv. 27; xix.
42.
Agathocles, Coins of, xix, 21 23.
Agathopolis Chers. Thracise, Coins
of, Remarks on. iv. 1, 2.
Agrippa I., of Judaea, inscribed on
his Coins, "^tXo/caiVap," viii. 162;
Son of Aristobulus and Berenice,
and Grandson of Herod the Great,
short Sketch of the Life of, ix.
20 22.
Agrippa (Herod), Coin of, with title
of.MErAS, ix. 22, 23.
Agrippa II., Son of Agrippa Mag-
nus, short Account of, ix. 41 ;
Coin of, very Judaean in character,
ix. 42.
Agrippias Cresarea, Remarks on
Coins of, 97 99 ; Probably the
INDEX II.
215
Agrippias Ca;sarea.
same town as Phauagoria, in the
Isle of Tainan, 99.
Alaba, of the Celtiberi, Remark on
Coin of, xvi. 14, 15.
Albanda Cariaj, Coin of, ix. 143.
Albert, Cardinal, son of John, Elec-
tor of Brandenburgh, Medal of,
xvi. 188.
Albury, called by some, "Farley-
Town," who say it was destroyed
by the Danes, iii. 86.
Alcred, Coins bearing this name,
assigned by Mr. Hawkins to
Alchred, King of Northumber-
land, i. 2.
Aleta Illyrise, no Coins of, vii. 125.
Alexander the Great, Coins of,
Remarks on, iii. 144 148; Silver
Decadrachm of, xiii. 70 74 ;
Tetradrachms of, found near
Patras, xvi. 31 37; Remarks on
a Tetradrachm of, struck at
Aradus, xix. 221, 222; Remarks
on a Tetradrachm of, xx. 39 42.
Alexander II., King of Epirus,
Coins of, to be restored to
Ptolemy IX., surnamed Alex-
ander, King of Egypt, vii. 134.
Alexander, II. Zebina Remark
on Coin of, xv. 49.
Alexander of Pherae, Coins of, Re-
marks on, vii. 121 124.
Alexander Bala, King of Phoenicia,
Remarks on Coin of, xiv. 14 20.
Alexander Tyrannus, Remark on
Coin of, xvi. 174, 175.
Alexander Etruscus, Remarks on
Medal of, xvi. 188190.
Alexander II. or III., King of,
Scotland, Groat of, coined in
Stirling, xvi. 192.
Alexander I1L, of Scotland, ail Pen-
nies with long cross, whether
double or single, belong to, iv.
69.
Alexandria, Dates on Coins of, v.
141 145; Remarks on Coins of,
xiv. 122, 123.
Alfred, Coin of, "a corroborative
proof that some Coins found at
Gravesend were deposited there
soon after the death of Burgred
in 874," iii. 17; Coin of, 32;
Half-pennies of, v. 2 1 ; Coins of,
with Remarks, 100 103.
Alia Phrygiae, Coin of, described,
iii. 98; Coins of, viii. 15.
Alinda Caria;, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 144.
Allaria, in Crete, Restoration of
Coin to, from Lacedaemon, vii. '
114, 115.
Allectus, Gold Coins of, ii. 206;
xx. 129, 130.
Allen's History of Surrey, Notes
from, iii. 84, 85.
Almondbury, the Roman Cambo-
dunnm, Coins found at, Noticed
by Rbv. W. Lund, i. 82.
Alopeconesus Chers. Thracue, Coins
of, iv. 2, 3..
Alwaldus, the same as Ethel wald
or Adelwald, the nephew of Al-
fred, v. 115.
Alyzia, Coin of, xvii. 100.
Amastris Paphlagoniae, Coin of,
Remarks on, v. 187, 188.
American Gold Coin, Counterfeit,
Account of the, xiii. 3.
Amphipolis Macedonia, Coins of,
iii. 134.
Amyntas, King of Galatia, two Te-
tradrachms of, viii. 70 ; History of,
7174; Weight of Coins of, dis-
cussed, 76 90; Coins of, xix, 38.
Amyntas III., King of Macedonia,
Coins of, iii. 144; Coin of, with
title vucaraip Conqueror, xv. 27.
Amyntas, King of Bactriana, Re-
mark on Coin of, xvi. 110.
Amyza Caria}, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 144, 145.
Ana, Coin of, xvi. 12.
Anaphlystus Atticoe, Coins, thus
attributed belong to Perga
PamphyliaB, vi. 128, 129.
Anastasius, Consul, Account of the
Diptych of, i. 109.
Anaxilaus, Tyrant of Rhegium,
expels the Samians from Zancle,
about 490, iii. 40.
Anazarbus, Coin of, xvii. 101.
Anchialus Thracias, Coins of, iii.
107.
.AND, Remarks on Gold Coins so
inscribed, xx. 171, 172; Perhaps
referring to " Andubratius," 1 72.
Andeda, the correct spelling of the
place usually called Adade, ii. 2.
ANDO, Coins inscribed, perhaps
" AndubrutiiLs," xvi. 81,8'J.
216
INDEX II.
Andros, Insula, Coin of, with Head
of Geta, iv. 137; Coin of, with
Head of Hadrian, v. 175.
Anglo-Irish Type of Coins, Remarks
on, iv. 50.
Anglo-Saxon Styca, reading
+EDREDMRE (retrograde),
probably Eadred; vi.39,40; Coin,
found in Scandinavia, reading,
EADPOLD.M 0IVM., Remarks
on, 105, 106; Reading HEOVFNL
(Howel?), Remarks on, 106, 107;
Reading, +DJEPIREX3:iSCD0,
Remarks on, 107; Uncertain, Re-
marks on, 146 149.
Ankaios, Coin of, described, ii. 60.
Anlaf, son of Sihtric, Coins of, not
Irish origin, but to be assigned
to Northumberland, ii. 7.
Anlaf, son of Godfred, King of the
Danes in Ireland, ii. 133; All
English Coins bearing this name
probably assignable to an English
Prince of this name, 134.
Anne, Queen, Gold Coins of, xiii.
52 54; Shilling of, with date
and mark, 1707 E*, Remarks on,
xvii. 83 89 ; Note on New Shil-
ling of, 221, 222.
Antaeopolis, Coins of, described, ii.
95, 96.
Antandrus Mysise, Coins of, iii. 96;
vi. 146, 147.
ANTED, British Coin reading, Re-
marks on, xvi. 83, 84.
' ' XvQvirarog, or Proconsul, the title
of the Governors of Cyprus, ac-
cording to St. Paul, ix. 23.
Antialkides, Coins of, xix. 37.
Anticyra, in Phocis, Remarks on
Coin of, vi. 124.
Antimachus, King of Bactriana,
who reigned about 140 B.C., Te-
tradrachm of, xiii. 74, 75.
Antimachus (B.C. 140), Philoxenes
(B.C. 126), Antialkides (B.C. 135),
and Archelius (B.C. 125), Coins
of, with title paaiXevg Qiog
vucT]<}>opoG, xv. 28; with title of
GEoS, Coins of, xix. 27 ; with title
of NIKHfcoPoS, Coins of, 30^31.
Antiochia Cariae, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 145, 146.
Antiochia loniaj, Coin of, iv. 140.
Antiochia Pisidiaj, Remarks on
Antiochia Pisidiae.
Coin of, x. 92, 93; Coins of, xiv.
120.
Antiochia Syrise, Coin of, iv. 145.
Antiochus Euergetes, Coin of, Re-
marks on " EYEPrETHS," viii.
159, 160; VH.(Sidetes), Remarks
on Coins of, xv. 4547; VHI.
(Grypus), Coins of, 5054.
Antiphellus Lyciaj, Coin in, x. 81.
Antiquities, Gallery of (in British
Museum), Notice of, iv. 243.
Antonia Gens, Coin of, xx. 108.
Antoninus Pius, Coin of, with legend
on reverse *A.NEAnOAEUC.
CYPIAC PAAAICTINNC, i.e.
(Money) of Flavia Neopolis, of
Palestine, in Syria, viii. 161; Me-
dallion of, xi. 98 100; xvi. 191 ;
Coins of, xii. 23, 24; xx. 115,
116.
Antony, Cistophori of, struck in
Asia, Remarks on, ix. 73, 74.
Apamea Bithynia?, Coin of, de-
scribed, ii. 58.
Apamea and Myrtea Bithynise
Remarkson Coins of, v. 188 190;
Coin of, with bust of Marcus
Aurelius, Remarks on, viii. 40,41.
Apamea Phrygian, Coins of Nero and
Agrippina erroneously ascribed
to, by Mionnet, viii. 15 ; Cisto-
phori of, ix. 70, 71.
Aphidas, Ruler of Axnm, A.D. 530
542, viii. 122.
Aphrodisias Cariae, Coin of, iv.
141.
Aphroditopolis, Coin of, ii. 96.
Apodacus, King of Characene, Re-
marks on a Coin of, xviii. 138,
139; Coin of. xx. 36.
Apollodotus, King of Bactriana,
Coins of, with title ffwrjjp /cat
6iXoirartpoG, xv. 28; Remark on
Coins of, xvi. Ill, 112; xix. 33,
34.
Apollonia Cariae, as many as thirty
cities of this name mentioned by
Geographers, ii. 182; Coins of, iii.
97; ix. 147; xi. 117 119.
Apollonia, in Chalcidice, Remarks
on Coins of, xi. 57.
Apollonia Iliyrica3, Remarks on
Coins of, vii. 126131; Coins of,
xiv. 113.
INDEX II.
217
Apollonia and Rhyndacum Mysise,
Coin of, vi. 147.
Apollonia, Coins of, to be restored
to Pisidia, formerly attributed to
Lycia and Caria, ii. 183.
Apollonia Pisidiae, Inscription from
the gate of the Castle of, ii.
186.
Apolloniaue, a colony originally
from Thrace, and lastly from
Lycia, ii. 186.
Apollonopolites Nomos of Trajan,
described, ii. 91.
Appia Phrygiae, Remarks on Coin
of, vii. 16, 17.
Aphrodisias Cariae, Remarks on
Coins of, vii. 15 17.
Arcadia Cretae, no Coins of, either
Arcadia, in Genere, or Pharcedon,
in Thessaly, vi. 140.
Arcadius, Coins of, xvii. 114; xx.
139.
Archebius, King of Bactriana, Re-
mark on Coin of, xvi. Ill; Coins
of, xix. 38, 39.
Archelaus, King of Macedonia, Coin
of, iii. 140.
Archelaus, son of Herod the Great,
Coins bearing title E9NAPXOY,
belong to, viii. 136.
Ariana Antiqua, Antiquities and
Coins of Afghanistan, Notice of,
v. 52.
Aristomenes, Shield of, preserved at
Lebadea, i. 248.
Archers and Angels, from a Sermon
preached at St. Paul's Cross, A.D.
1594, iv. 183.
Argos, in Argolis, Coin of, described,
ii. 59 ; Paper on Coins of, vi. 42
52; the earliest Money of, is
that on which is the fore-part of
a wolf on one side, and A in an
indented square on the other, 47.
Aristocracy, or 'nrirus, instituted by
Pheidon Democracy by Prome-
theus, iii. 92.
AKNETH, J., Synopsis Nummorum
Romanorum qui in Museo Cassareo
Vindobonensi adservantur, Notice
of, v.l 55.
Arnold VIII., Count of Loos, Coun-
terfeit Sterling of, xiii. 89; Re-
marks on Sterling of, xviii. 123.
Arsa Hispanise Baeticae, Coins at-
tributed to, xvi. 7, 8.
Arsaces L, Coins of, xiii. 80; xix
62, 63; IV., Phriapites, Remarks
on Coin of, xvii. 139, 140; VI.,
Remarks on Coin of, 141 143;
VII., Coins of, xiii. 80; xvii. 143;
X (?), Remarks on Coin of, xvii.
143144; XIII., Remarks on
Coin of, 145, 146; XV., Remarks
on Coin of, 153157; XVIII.,
Remarks on Coins of, 158, 159;
XX., Coins of, xviii. 159; XXL,
Remarks on Coins of, xvii. 159
161 ; XXII., Coins of, 161 ;
XXIIL, Remark on Coin of, 161 ;
XXIV., Remarks on Coins of, 161,
162; XXX., Coins of, 162; Re-
marks on Coin of, xviii. 85, 86.
Arsacidan and Partho-Persian
Coins, Oriental legends on, xii.
6877; 91114.
Arsinoe, two Coins of, given to
Ephesus, instead of to Arsinoe
Cyrenaicas, or Arsinoe Ciliciae,
ii. 173.
Arsinoe, wife of Lysimnchus, and
sister of Ptolemy Philadelphia,
Portrait of, on Coins of Ephesus,
ii. 175.
Arsinoe, Cyrenaicae, and Ciliciae, no
Coins of, ii. 176.
Arsinoe, Ionise, mention of, vii. 62.
Arsinoites, Nomos described, ii. 98.
Artaxerxes I., of Persia, Coins of,
viii. 119.
Artaxias, King of Armenia, name
of, on Coin of Germanicus, ii. 4, 5.
Artemidorus, Coin of, xix. 32.
Artemisium Euboeae, Coins as-
cribed there by Sestini and Mion-
net, belong to Archelaus, King
of Macedonia, vi. 143; Coins of,
to be restored to Myrtilis, xvi. 12.
Asiarchs, or Chiefs of Asia; the
Presidents of the Public Games
and Festivals, and bore the whole
expense of them, ix. 34.'
Asclepios, on Coins of Pergamos,
the Son of Coronis and Apollo,
and not of Arsinoe and Apollo,
ii. 243.
Aspledon Bceotiaj, Coins of, as-
cribed then by Sestini and Minn-
net, belong to Sparadocus,' King
of Thrace, vi. 126.
Assarion, the, or Farthing, of Holy
Scripture, viii. 138, 139.
218
INDEX II.
Assus Mysiae, Coins of, described,
iii. 96; Coin of, vi. 147.
Astypalaea (insula), Remarks on
Coins of, ix. 163, 164.
Astyra Mysiae, Coin ascribed there
by Mionnet, reading ASTY, be-
longs to Astypalea, an Island of
Caria, vi. 148; Coins ascribed to,
by Vaillant and Mionnet belong
to Antandros, 148.
Astyra, in Rhodes, Remarks on
Coins of, ix. 166168.
Attaea, Remark on Coins of, xiv.
121.
Atarnea Mysias, Coin of, iii. 97;
Cistophori of, ix. 7.
Athelbald, Account of Two Pen-
nies, erroneously assigned to,
ii. 48.
Athenian Standard, Dissertation on
the, by M. BARTH, vii. 156 171.
Athens, Remarks on a Decadrachm
of, xvi. 29 31.
Attribites Nomos, described, ii. 100.
Abobriga, or Aobriga, Remarks on
Coins of, xvi. 11, 12.
Attambilus I., Coin of, xx. 36, 37 ;
II., Coin of, 37.
Attuda Phrygiae, Remarks on Coins
of, iii. 17, 18.
Audoleon, King of Pseonia, Coin of,
iv. 9.
Augustus, two Denarii of, Remarks
on, viii. 119, 120; Coin of, Re-
stored by Titus, xii. 20; Coin of,
with names of the Duumviri, L.
STATIVS and P. COTTA
BALBVS, xiv. 123; Coins of,xx.
109.
Aurelianus, Coin of, xv. 75; xx.
126.
Aurelius (Marcus) Coins of, xx.
116.
Azas, Coins of, xix. 52 57.
Azilisas, Coin of, xix. 57, 58.
B. Notice
on the Irish Coins of Edward
IV., by Aquilla Smith, M.D.,
published in "Transactions of
Royal Irish Academy, 1840," iv.
41' 54.
Bactria, Barbaric Kings of, Coins
of, with Greek Titles, xv. 28 30.
Bactrian Prince, Gold Coin of a,
ii. 202, 203.
Bactrian Coins, Paper on, xv. 108
113; Catalogue of, xix. 13 45.
Boeotian Confederation, probability
of, suggested by the Coins of
Lebadea, Orchomenos, Thespiae,
and Tanagra, i. 249.
Bagse Lydise, Coin of, Remarks on,
vii. 10.
Bailo, or Belon, Coins of, with Re-
marks for attributing them to
Juba II., some Coins hitherto
classed to that place, xvi. 10, 1 1.
Baltura Lyciae, Remarks on Coins
of, x. 81, 82.
Baldred, Usurps the Kentish Throne,
ii. 210; Remarks on Coins of,
xiv. 146149; xv. 102, 103.
Bar-money of Africa, explained, vii.
9496.
Baratea Lycaonise, Remarks on
Coins of, xi. 58, 59.
Bargasa Carise, Coin formerly at-
tributed to, to be removed to
Aezanis Phrygiae, ix. 147, 148.
Baris Pisidiae, Remarks on Coins
of, x. 93, 94.
Barthelemy, Abbe, Instructions to
M. Houel to aid him in obtaining
Ancient Coins, i. 42.
Bea worth, Pennies of William I.
found there, ii. 42.
Bedfordshire, Coins found in, ii. 54.
Benee-Tooloon and Ikhsheedeyeh
Dynasties, Remarks on Coins of
the, by R. S. Poole, Esq, xvii.
116122.
Benee-Tooloon Dynasty, History of
Coins of the, xvii. 122 125.
Beorne ^he Skeatta, which read
Beonna Rex, to be assigned to
iv. 34.
Beorthric, Coins of, one of the Un-
certain Kings of the East Angles,
ii. 138; Penny of, Remarks on,
iv. 29; most probably Son of
Beorthulf, of Mercia, 200; Re-
marks on Coin of, xvii. 59 61.
Berrhoea, no Pagan Symbols on
Coins of, Reason for, ix. 29, 30.
Coins of, struck under Trajan, ix.
30.
Berengarius, Remarks on Coins of,
v. 69 71.
Berengarius II., King of Italy, and
his son Albertus, Paper on Coin
of, xviii. 57 75.
INDEX II.
219
Bethsaida, called Julias, in honour
of the Empress, by Herod An-
tipas, viii. 149.
Bendos (vetus) Phrygiae, Remark
on Coin of, viii. 18, 19.
Blaundus Lydiae, Coins of, with
Heads of Titus, Caracalla and
Gallus, Remarks on, vii. 11 13;
Coins of, viii. 7.
Blumberg, in Alsace, Notice of
Sterling of, xiv. 44, 45.
Boeotia, Coins of, vi. 125, 126.
Boulogne-sur-Mer, Coins of, Notice
of, ii. 192198.
BRIT, or BRITT. on the new
Coinage of 1860; which is right?
xx. 195.
British Coins, Legends found on,
ii. 75; List of, 191; Short Notice
of, 231.
British and Gaulish Coins, Proto-
type of, is the Money of Philip II.
of Macedon, iii. 117.
British Coin, reading TASCIORI-
CON, in two lines, within a com-
partment, Notice of a, iii. 152.
British Coins, Notice of, iii. 153;
Names of four of the Ancient
Cities on, CAMVL-odunum (Col-
chester), SEGO-ntium (Caernar-
von), VERLAMIO, near St. Al-
bans, and VRICON-ium (Wroxe-
ter, iv. 28 ; Remarks on, xvi. 80
88; Remarks on some Rare
and Unpublished, xviii. 44 53;
Remarks on some unpublished,
xix. 6470.
British Museum, Account of the
Robbery at, xii. 51.
British Reguli, Account of Coins
of, xiv. 71 79.
Bronze Images found in the
Thames, iv. 157.
Brogitarus, Coin of, viii. 75.
Bruzus Phrygian, Coin of, viii. 19.
Bubastite Nome mentioned, ii. 100;
Remarks on, vii. 17, 18.
Bubon Lycise, Coin of, x. 82.
Bull, Allegorical for a River, per-
haps intended on these Coins of
Lydia to represent Pactolus, ii.
2'23.
Bullion Currency, Paper on, vii. 85
94.
Burgon, Mr., Opinion of, that Coins
Burgon, Mr.
are the best Commentators upon
Coins, i. 199.
Burgred, Coins of, described, iii.
1927.
Buimcse Coins, Adaptation of the
Greek Chariot to the Attribution
of the Indian Sol-Luna Deity, on,
vii. 32.
Busiris, Coin of, ii. 102.
Bute, The, Collection of Medals
and Coins, Selection from and
Account of, xiii. 1 7.
Byzantine Coin, Found at Dorches-
ter, Oxfordshire, iv. 32.
Byzantine Coins, Remarks on some,
xvii. 126128.
Byzantine Emperors, Remarks on
the Copper Coinage of, xvi. 1 14
121.
Cabria Ponti, Coin of, v. 183.
Cabul. Coins of, with Greek Legends,
xv. 22 40.
Cadi Phrygian, Remark on Coins of,
viii. 19, 20.
Cadi and Aezani Phrygise, Coin
struck to commemorate the Al-
liance between, viii. 20.
Cadyanda Lyciae, Remarks on Coin
of, x. 82, 83.
Caesar, MSS. of, with various Read-
ings of the Passage relating to
British Coins, i. 17 19; Passage
in Comment, de Bello Gallicu
lib. v. misinterpreted, i. 13.
Csesarea Philippi, Coin of, viii. 146.
Calais, Coins of. Prize Gold Medal
for best Description of, ix. 48.
Californian Gold, Account of, xiii.
3741.
Calynda C arise, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 148, 149; Coin of, belongs
to Blaundos Lydia;, xix. 225,
226.
Calymna (insula). Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 164166.
Camae Mysise, Remarks on Coin of,
vi. 148, 149.
Camarina, Coin of, xi. 111.
Cambray, Chapter of, Sterling,
struck by, xviii. 128, 129.
Camena Mysise, Coin of, described,
iii. 97.
II ii
220
INDEX II.
Camirus Rhodi, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. Ib9, 170.
Camulodunum, Remarks on Coin of,
xx. 161 165; xvi. 87.
Cannus Cariae, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 149, 150.
Canute, Imitation of a Coin of,
Remark on an, xvi. 106.
Capodistrias, Count John, first to
strike Money in Modern Greece,
A.D. 1828, i. 26; Description of
the Money coined by, 27.
Caracalla, sleeping in temple of
jEsculapius at Pergamos, for the
sake of his health, ii. 247 ; Coin
of, with legend on- reverse
KOINOBOYAION. EAEY9.
TAPCE, " The Joint Councils of
free Tarsus," illustrating the
words of St. Paul, ix. 40; Coin
of, xii.21,22; xx. 118, 119.
Carausius, Gold Coin of, probably
struck at Boulogne, i. 128; Coin
of, described, ii. 114; new type of,
xiii. 140; Coin of, with legend
LEG.XX.V. V., 142 ; Remarks on
Coin of, with full face bust, xiv.
150 152; Remarks on Coin of,
xv. 93, 94; 97, 98; Remarks on
Unpublished Coins of, xvi. 170
174; Coins of, xx. 127129.
Cardia Chers. Thraciae, Coin of,
iv. 3.
Carisia gens, Coin of, xx. 108.
Carloman, Coin of, v. 63.
Caronium, Remark on Coins of, xvi.
12.
Carystus, Enboeae, Remarks on Coins
of, vi. 144, 145.
Casaba, near Sardis, Gold Coin
found at, ii. 220.
Castaldo, Medal of, xvi. 190.
Catana, Coin of, xiv. 111.
Catus Sextus Allius, the first to
place the Eagle and Thunder-
bolt on Roman Coins, i. 189.
Caulonia Bruttiornm, Remarks on
Types of, viii. 163 169; Types
on the Coins of, x. 1 20.
Cebrema, Troadis, Coins ascribed to
Cephallenia belong here, vi. 190
193.
Celsa, in Tarraconensis, Remarks on
Coins of, xiv. 110, 111.
Celtiberia, Remarks on Coins of,
xvi. 6, 7.
Celtiberian Alphabet and Language,
Account of, iii. 1 13; and Tur-
ditain Inscription, difference be-
tween, 6.
Celtic Coins found in Kent, Remarks
on, xvi. 184186.
Celtic Kings of Britain, correction
of errors respecting the coinage of,
xviii. 105 114; 161165.
Celtic Ring-money, pointed ends not
peculiar to African Ring-currency,
but used in the, vii. 3.
Celtic Money, crescent form given
with a religious protective view,
vii. 4.
Celtic Gold Ring-currency, curious
specimen of, in form of a horse-
shoe, in collection of Mr. Anthony,
of Piltown, vii. 5.
Celto-Irish Ring-money, account
of, xvii. 62 7 1 ; Catalogue and
list of, in various collections, 71
83.
Ceolnoth, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, Coins of, described, ii. 213;
Coin of, v. 38.
Cerasus Ponti, Coin of, v. 183.
Ceylon, Remarks on Coins of, xvi.
121127; Period of the Coins of,
xviii. 8385.
Chalcedon, Bithynise, Coins of,
described, ii. 161; Coins of, Re-
marks on, v. 190 192.
Characa, Lydiae(?), Remarks on
Coins of, xvii. 200.
Characene, Barbarous Coin of, xviii.
143; Coins of, brought from Bag-
dad, Paper on, xx. 32 38.
Charles I., Half-crowns of, with S.A.,
either Salisbury or Shrewsbury
(Salopia), xii. 58, 59 ; Half-crowns
of, with W under the horse, pro-
bably siruck at Wallingford, 62 ;
Exeter Half-crowns of, 62 64;
Badges and Memorials of, xiiL
1$1 205; xiv. 3044; Medal
of, xv. 104, 105.
Charles II., Petition Crown of, iii.
192; Gold Coins of, xiii. 4549.
Chersonesus, Chers. Thraciie, Coins
of, Remarks on, iv. 3, 4; Coin
restored to, from the island of
Clerides, near Cyprus, vi. 141;
Coin of, xv. 113.
Chesil Beach, near Portland, dis-
coveries at, ii. 255, 256.
INDEX II.
221
Chinese Bank-note, Notice of, xii.
169171.
Chinese Work on Coins, account of
a, xiii. 143 166; xiv. 155 175.
Chinese Numismatics, an epitome
of, xvi. 4376.
Chios, Coin of, xiv. 119.
Chorographical Greek Coins, Ac-
count of, xi. 105 119.
Chotis, King of Cibyra, Coin of, viii.
20.
CHVON, Coin reading, found at
Dorchester, in all probability part
of the name, CHVONRAD (Con-
rad), iv. 32.
Cicero, name on a Coin of Mag-
nesia ad Sipylum, ii. 107; differs
from the bust of the Villa Mattel,
108; like the Gem described as
" Teste d'un Romain du Sicle
d' Auguste Amethyste," 111.
Cidyessus Phrygise, Coin of, with
heads of Julia Domga and Ota-
cilia S,evera, viii. 20, 21.
Cierium Thessalias, Coin of, vii.
117.
Cingalese Silver Fish-hook-shaped
Money, Account of, xi. 170 176.
Cinque Ports Banquet, Medal to
commemorate the, ii. 144.
Ciolnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury,
Coins of, described, iii, 27.
Ciolwulf I., whether spelt with E
or I, is no objection to all the
Coins belonging to one King, iv.
26; Coin minted at Canterbury,
belongs to, 24; Coin of, with in-
scription DVOBIRNEA CIVI-
TAS, not a Coin of Ciolwulf II.,
24.
Ciolwulf II., reigned, when Mercia
had lost its position in the Hep-
tarchy, iv. 24; Remarks on Coins
of, v. 10, 11.
Ciolwulf, Coin of, described, iii. 27.
Cisthene, Mysise, Remarks on Coin
of, vi. 149, 150.
Cistopbori, known in Asia about
514 A.V.C. 190 years B.C., ix. 3.
Clannuda, Phrygise, Remarks on
Coins of, viii. 21, 22.
Claudius, Coin of, with reverse
COL. AVG. IVL. PHILIP., in
confirmation of the words of St.
Luke, contemporary with the visit
of St. Paul to Philippi, v. 29.
Claudius and Agrippina, Silver
Medallion of, with the statue of
DIANA EPHESIA on reverse,
contemporary with St. Paul's visit
to Ephesus,,v. 33.
Claudius, Coins of, xx. 109.
Claudius Gothicus, Coins of, xv. 75;
xx. 82; 125.
Clazomene Ionise, Remarks on Coins .
of, vii. 62, 63.
Clazomene and Samos, Coins of,
xvii. 99.
Cleopatra, Date when she received
the title of the "New Isis," i.
209.
Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII.,
Coins of, xv. 49, 50.
Glides (insula), Remarks on, viii. 6.
ClifcB Bithyniae, Remark on Coin
of, v. 192.
Cnut, Coin bearing the name of,
struck at Dublin, Remarks on,
xviii. 134136.
Coclea, name for " Cotyaeium," ac-
cording to Col. Leake, iii. 37.
Coco-reedi, or Hook-money of Cey-
lon, Account of, xiii. 61 66; the
low country dialect for Duda-
Masu, or Hook-money, 63.
Coelium, Coins of, iv. 127.
COHEN, H. Description generate des
Monnaies de la Republiqne Ro-
maine, communemcnt appelees
Medailles Consulaires, Notice of,
xix. 46, 47.
Coin, Barbarous Gold, with type of
the Trinity, Note on, xii. 79 81.
Coin Collectors, Caution to, ii. 201,
202.
Coin, third Brass, most probably the
infant son of Domitian, viii. 120.
Coins, Ancient, Account of in Mu-
seum of Berlin, xvii. 174 199;
Ancient method of casting,
among the Britons, 18, 19;
Casts of, ii. 204 206; known in
Britain before the Invasion of
Caesar, xii. 128; GAULISH, with
type of the Charioteer, xi. 147
155; ROMAN, sale of, at Cologne,
x. 102; discovery of, ii. 206 ; etc.,
discovered on the site of the
goddess Seqnana, near Dijon,
Notice of, viii. 49, 50; found in
Thames, composing a period of
four centuries, iv. 149 ; discovered
222
INDEX II.
Coins.
in province of Luxembourg, vi. 55 ;
found in the Isle of Man, xi. 180;
List of, found in Norway, iv, 201,
202; of the Conqueror, discovered
at York, Notice of, viii. 123 125;
Primitive, found in France, ex-
hibit types and fabrics not ob-
servable in those found in England,
i. 51 ; third Brass, number of,
found in Northamptonshire, xvii.
41,42; uncertain ANGLO-SAXON,
Explanation of, 89 93; found in
England, etc., Notice about 1860,
xx.191, 192 ; ANGLO-SAXON, dis-
covered at Lough Lyn, near
Mullingar, County Westmeath,vi.
216, 217; discovered in County
Tipperary, 217; discovery of, at
York, ix. 85; found in the Isle of
Man, Account of, xvi. 99 104;
BRITISH, before the Romans, opini-
on of Speed, Camden, Lloyd, on,
i. 16, 17; in form, derived from
Greece, probably, through Gaul,
22; those without Letters proba-
bly in circulation before Cassar,
23; generally found in the south-
eastern part of the Island, 24;
how they may be distinguished
from the Gaulish ones, 37 ; Record
of the places were actually found,
only certain method of proving,
39 ; peculiar types on, belong
apparently to different districts of
Great Britain, 83; found in Dor-
setshire, vi. 200, 201 ; Gold, found
atBanbury, vii.44; etc., discovery
of, at Southfleet, Kent, 192; dis-
covered near Albury, short ac-
count of, xi.92 95; discovered at
Whaddon Chase, xii. 1 5 ; found
on Farley Heath, reading
[C]OMGF, 67; the date of, dis-
cussed, 127 136; found on west
of Sussex, xv. 79 ; Silver, recently
found at Weton, in Norfolk,
Papers on, 98 102; Curie, dis-
covery of, at Medeah, vii. 199;
discovery of, in Sussex, ix. 85;
found in Sweden, and on the
shores of the Baltic, account of,
xiii. 14 23; the earliest belong
to A.H. 79, A.D. 698 the latest to
A.H.401,A.D.1010,18; English, dis-
covery of, at Breach Downs, Kent,
Coins.
vii. 192; ENGLISH and SCOTCH
discovery of near Closeburn, 193;
ENGLISH, found in Yorkshire, xiii.
42,43; ENGLISH and FOREIGN,
discovered in the Isle of Wight, list
of, 140 142; ENGLISH, found at
Bampton, near Oxford, xiv. 84,
85; found at Calais, xv. 59, 60;
found near Doneraile, Cork, xvi.
96; foundnearDublin,xvii.57,58;
FOREIGN MEDIAEVAL, discovery
of, at Rome, vii. 195; discovery
of, near Valenciennes, 196; dis-
covery of, at Roquefort (Ariege),
196; discovery of, at Nogent sur
Enre, near Chartres, 197, 198;
discovery of, at Kopitkowo, near
Mewe, Prussia, 198; discovery of,
at Sunville, 198; discovery of, at
Wolgart, 198; discovery of, at
Dossow, near Wolgart, 198; dis-
covery of, at Elsterley, 198; dis-
covery of, near Altenberg, 199;
Roman discovery of, at Lausanne,
199; discovery of, near, Finster-
wald, in Lausitz, 199; discovery
of, in Colmar. 199; discovery of,
at Eichstell, 199; discovery of, at
Ribe, in Denmark, 199; GAULISH,
discovery of, at Saint Gerans, near
Moulins, 196 ; discovery of, at
Robache, Department des Vosges,
198; GREEK, found at Aston Scott,
in Shropshire, 146 ; HIBERNO-DA-
NJSH and ANGLO-SAXON, found in
County Wexford, 146; MEROVIN-
GIAN, etc., discovered in the parish
of Crondale, Hampshire, in 1828,
Paper on, vi. 171 182; ROMAN,
History of, found in the Thames,
iv. 158168 ; 187193 ; dis-
covery of, at Coimbetoor, vi. Ill,
112; discovered in Southern In-
dia, 160 163; discovery of, at
Shotover, vii. 43 ; found near
Lilly-horn, Gloucestershire, 149;
discovery of, at Helmingham, Suf-
folk,,^; discovery of, at Wool-
ton, Northamptonshire, 192; dis-
covery of, in Newcastle-street,
Farringdon-street, London, 192;
discovery of, at Broadstairs, near
Ramsgate, 192; found at Canter-
bury, 192; discovery of, at Fel-
mingham, 192; discovery of, at
INDEX II.
223
Coins.
Guyton, Northamptonshire, 192;
discovery of, at New Grange,
Ireland, 193; discovery of, near
Stonehaven, 193 ; discovery of,
at Oundle, Northampton, 193;
discovery of, near Hede, Brittany,
195; discovery of, at Nogent sur
Eure, 196; discovery of, at Sceaux,
Department du Loire, 196; dis-
covery of, at Sempt, Canton de
Thieblement, 196; discovery of,
at Narzelles (Indre et Loire), 196,
197; discovery of, at Niederrin-
gelstein, on Rhine, 199; discovery
of, near the Mendip Hills, in
Somersetshire, ix. 48; discovery
of, in Well-street, City, 85; dis-
covery of, at Lyons, 85; discovery
of, at Crudebec-les-Elboeuf, 131;
found in Norfolk, x. 102 ; discovery
of, in the Forest of Dean, xii. 123;
found at Agott, St. Lawrence,
xiv. 83, 84 ; found between Ro-
chester and Maidstone, xv. 59;
struck in the Mint of London,
Kemarks on, and List of, 60
64 ; found at Horseheath, near
Linton, Cambridgeshire, xvi.
42 ; History of, found in North-
amptonshire, xvii. 38 48; found
near Coleraine, Remarks on, 101
111; found near Coleraine, His-
tory of, 111 115; found at Len-
gerich, in Hanover, xviii. 54
56; discovered at Wroxeter, xx.
79 81; found at Verulam, 108,
140; and Torques, etc. .discovered
at Lengerich, 189 191; SAXON,
discovered in Ireland, vi. 112
114; discovered at Derryheerhan,
213 216; found in the Island of
Gothland, viii. 170, 171; found in
Isle of Man, xvii. 130.
Coinage, in ancient times, remark-
ably limited and local, i. 40.
Coinage of English Money in 1853,
xvii. 58.
Cologne, Archbishop of, Remarks
on Coin of, viii. 35 39.
Colona Troadis, Remarks on Coin
of, ri. 193196.
Colone Messeniae, Coins ascribed
there by Pellerin, Eckhel and
Mionnet, restored to Colone,
Troadis, vi. 137, 138.
Colossse Phrygiae, Coins of, St. Paul
addressed an Epistle to them, viii.
22, 23.
Commodus, Coins of, xii. 25; xx.
117.
Conana, Pisidise, Coin of, with head
of Hadrian, x. 94.
Confessor, Coin of the, with his head
helmeted, ii. 36.
Constans, Coins of, xx. 82; 135,
136.
Constantinopolis, Coins of, xx. 83,
133.
Constantine, etc., Discovery of Coins
of the London Mint, xii. 64 66 ;
Coin of, xiv. 125; Silver Medal-
lion of, xv. 77; xvii. 41, 43; xx.
82; 131133.
Constantinus II., Coins of, xx. 82.
Constantinus III., Coins of, xvii.
115.
Constantine, Jun., Coins of, xx.
134, 135.
Constantine X., Type of, struck
upon a piece of Romanus, iv. 54.
Constantius I., Gold Medallion of.xv.
77; Coins of, xvii. 40, 42; II.,
Coins of, 115; xx. 82, 136, 137.
Constantius Chlorus, Coins of, xi.
26 28; xx. 130.
Copper Coins, none found bearing
the names of Eadbert, Alchred,
or Eadwald, i. 4.
Coptites Nomos, described, ii. 94.
Coracesium, Ciliciae, Remarks on
Coin of, viii. 3, 4.
Corcyra, Coins of, xi. 116, 117.
Corinthus, Coins of, xv. 115, 116;
Remarks on, xix. 229 235.
Cosconia Gens, Coin of, xvi. 175.
Cotiaeum PhryguE, Coin of, viii.
23.
Cotyaeium, not the connecting stage
between Aemoniaand Dorylseum,
iii. 38.
Cotys II., King of Bosphorus, Coins
of, Remarks on, v. 185 187.
Cranium Cephallenite (?), Coin of,
xiv. 116.
Crannon, Thessalioe, Remark on
Coin of, vii. 116, 117.
Gratia Bithynioe. Coins ascribed to,
by Sestini, belong to Cretopolis
Tisidite, vi. 115; Coins given
to, belong to Cretopolis Pisidiii;,
x. 94, 95.
224
INDEX II.
Cremna Pisidise, Coin of, struck
under the younger Decius, x. 95.
Cretan Monument, Types of Deities
on, iii. 71.
Cretan Coins, Notes on various
Types of, iii. 7379.
Crete, Dialect of, cannot be analysed
by the ordinary rules of Greek
Philology, iii. 70.
Crispina, Coins of, xx. 117.
Crispus, Coins of, xx. 134.
Crithote, Chers. Thracise, Coins of,
Remarks on, iv. 4, 5.
Crocker, Johann, Memoir of, xv.
6773.
Croesus, Coins given to, described,
ii. 216; Reasons for giving cer-
tain Coins to 221.
Cromna, Paphlagoniae, Coins of,
described, ii. 166; Coin of, v. 188.
Cromwell, Oliver, Curious Die of,
xi. 103.
Crosby Hall, Illustrations of, iii. 60.
Cross, Silver, Description of, iii. 34.
Crotona, Coins of, and their Types,
xi. 1 18; Hercules the founder
of, and called OIKI2TA2 on the
Coins, 6; Coin of, xvii. 99.
CRVX on Anglo-Saxon Coins,
assumed to commemorate the
triumph of Christianity in the
conversion of some Norwegian or
Danish Chief, xvi. 100.
Ctimene, Thessaliaj, no Coins of, vii.
118.
CTNV, on a Coin reading, and
meant for CNVT Rex, v. 110.
.Cuerdale, Uncertain Coins found at,
list of, and remarks on, v. 71 94.
Cuerdale Find, Coins reading,
EBRAICE CNVT, etc., Remarks
on, v. 117121.
Cufic Coins, Description of two, ii.
6971.
" Cunnetti," not " Cunetio," or Marl-
borough, but Counde, in Shrop-
shire, the " Cuneet" of Domesday,
v. 112; Remarks on Coins read-
ing, 112, 113.
CUNNINGHAM, Lieut. Second Notice
of some New Bactrian Coins, in
the Journal of the Asiatic Society,
Bengal, Notice of, vi. 103109.
Cunobeline, Coins of, bearing Ro-
man Legends, but are Greek in
type and character, i. 24; Coins
Cunobeline.
of, not Imitations, iii. 118; List of
Coins of, vii. 13, 84; Remarks on
Coins of, xiv. 126140; Coins of,
Dissertation on, in answer to J.
Evans, Esq., xv. 1 21; Coin of,
xvii. 98; Remarks on Coins of,
with the Legend TASCIOVANI.
F., xviii. 36 14; Coins of, xx.
157160.
Ciinunc, the Scandinavian name for
King, iii. 119.
Cuthred, King of Kent, Remarks on
Coin of, xiv. 145, 14IJ.
Cyanea Lycise, Remarks on Coins
of, x. 83 85.
Cyme .^Eolidis, Coin of, described,
iii. 90; with Head of Crispina,
96; Remarks on Coins of, iv. 138;
vii. 4649.
Cyprus, The Proconsuls of, ix. 26.
Cypsela Thraciae, Coins of, de-
scribed, iii. 107 ; Coin de.-cribed
by Mionnet, to belong rather to
Hephajstia, 108.
Cyzicus Mysise, Remarks on Coins
vi. 140 154; Coin of, xvii. 99.
Dalisandus Lycaoniffl, Remarks on
Coin of, viii. 2, 3.
Damascus, Coin of, xiv. 121.
Damery, near Epernay, Vases of
Base Roman Money found at, i.
154.
Dandy-pratt, Account of the, ii. 82,
83.
Dardanus Troadis; Coin of, vi. 196;
Remarks on Cistophori of, ix. 13,
14.
Darics, Darius not the first who
who issued this description of
Coin, ii. 218.
Date, First, on Modern Coins, on a
Tournois of Aix-la-Chapelle, i.
6365.
Decentius, Coin of, xx. 1 37.
Decimal System, Remarks on, xvii.
4850.
Delmatius, Coin of, xx. 134.
Delos ( insnla), Coins of, Remarks
on, v. 175,176.
Delphi, Coin of, xvii. 99.
Demetrias (Sicyon), Remarks on
Coins of, vi. 131, 132.
Demetrius I. (Soter), Silver Tetra-
drachm of, xii. 11, 12; 78, 79.
INDEX II.
225
Demetrius II. (Nicator), of Syria,
enters Parthia in the 173rd year
of the Seleucian era(13Sf B.C.), iv.
12; taken Captive by Arsaces
Mithridates, in Seleucian year,
175 (138 B.C.), 12; Marries Rho-
dogyne, daughter of Arsaccs
Mithridates, and sister of Phra-
ates, 13; Marriage irritates his
wife, Cleopatra, who marries An-
tiochus VI., or Sidetes, his bro-
ther, 13 ; Type on the Coins of,
alludes to his alliance with Rhodo-
gyne, and the hopes held out of
receiving the kingdom of her
father, 13 ; Tetradrachm of, viii.
119; Remarks on Coins of, xv.
44, 45 ; after his Captivity, Coins
of, xv. 4749.
Demetrius, King of Bactriana, Coin
of, xiii. 10; xix. 24, 25.
Denarius, Weight of, during the
period of Livy and Augustus, viii.
93 96; or "Penny a Day" of
Scripture, 139, 140.
Denarii, discovery of, on Great Wes-
tern Railway, ii. 144.
D'Eon, the Chevalier, short Account
of, xi. 48 56.
Deultum Thracias, Coin of, iii. 108.
DEVILLE, A. Medaille de Grand
Bronze de Domitille, femme de
Vespasian, Notice of, v. 151.
Diana Ephesia, Description of, iv.
80; Account of, ix. 31 34.
Dicsea Thraciae, Coin of, iii. 109.
Difference between the " Ryal " and
the " Noble," ii. 83.
Diocletianus, Coins of, xi. 22, 23 ;
119121; the Numerals XCVI.
on Coins of, signify that 96 De-
narii were struck to the pound,
119; Remarks on Coins of, xv.
76, 77 ; Coins of, xvii. 39, 42; xx.
127.
Diococlea Phrygias, a Town of
Phrygia, according to Sestini, iii.
36 ; no such place, Ococlea is the
name, viii. 23.
Diodotus, King of Bactriana, Silver
Drachma of, xiii. 76, 77 ; Coins of,
xix. 21.
Diomedes (B.C. 100), and Hermanis
(B.C. 98), Coins of, with title,
aiuTtjp, xv. 28; Coin of, xix. 35.
Dionysius, King of Bactriaua, Rc-
Dionysius, King of Bactriana.
mark on Coin of, xvi. 113; Coins
of, xix. 35, 36.
Dionysopolis Phrygian, Remarks on
Coins of, vii. 9, 10; viii. 23 25,
Dionysos, ireXtKvc, Representation
of, on Coins of Alexander of
Pheroe, yii. 112.
Discoveries of Roman Remains in
the Counties of Gloucester,
Worcester, and Hereford, last of,
xi. 3438.
Docimaeum Phrygian. Coins of,
viii. 25.
DODWELL, Account" by, of the dis-
covery of Greek Coins in the
places to which they belonged, i.
44, 45.
Domitian, Unedited Coin of, x. 103;
Coin of, xii. 20; xx. 112, 113.
Domna (Julia), Coins of, xx. 118.
DONOP, Le Baron de, Description
de la Trouvaille de 1'Ile de
Jersey, par, Notice of, ii. 140
143.
Dorovernis, Gold Triens with, ii.
204.
DOROVERNIS CIVITAS, Coin
inscribed, minted at Canterbury,
iv.120.
Dublin, Coins bearing on the ob-
verse a crown within a treasure;
no legend: and on the reverse,
a cross, with pellets, within the
quarters, the legend denoting the
place of mintage; issued from no
other mint but, iv. 42.
Dubnovellaunus, Remarks on British
Coins attributed to, xiv. 79 82.
DVBNOVELLAVNpS, On the
Date of British Coins Inscribed,
xv. 201215.
Dubnovellaunus, Remarks on a new
Type ascribed to, xvi. 176 179;
Remarks on Coin of, xx. 170,
171.
Dudu-Masu, or Hook- Money of
Ceylon, Account of, xiii. 61 66;
Current in the time of Parak-
krama Bahu, who reigned in the
city of Pollanaroowa, about 400
years ago, 62.
DVMNOVEROS, British Coin
reading, Remarks on, xvi. 83.
Durrani's Coins, Sale of, x. 145,
146.
226
INDEX II.
DUYTS, Fr. den. " Notice sur les
Anciennes Monnaies des Comtes
de Flandres," Notice of, T. 156.
Dyme Achaiaj, Remarks on Coin
of, vi. 129131.
Dyrrhachium, Alliance of, with
Leucas Acarnania;, vii. 131
133.
Eadbert, Coins assigned to, by Mr.
Hawkins, which were formerly
given to Egbert, King of Kent,
i. 1.
Eadgar, Penny of, struck at St. Ed-
mundsbury, vii. 135.
Eadmund, King of East Angles,
Coins of, described, iii. 28 30.
Eadmund, St., List of Coins of,
amounting to 1770, v. 23 37;
Half-pennies of, v. 37, 38.
Eadwald, Coin of, King of Mercia,
not to be assigned to Kings of
East Angles, ii. 134 136; not a
King of Mercia, iv. 36, 37.
Eadweard the Elder, Coins of, T. 22,
23, 103.
Eanbald, Moneyer's name on Coin
of, vii. 103 ; Prelate of York, Coin
of, ix. 125.
Eanred, King of Northumberland,
Coins of, not to be assigned
to Kings of the East Angles, ii.
134 186; Coin of, Remarks on,
ir., 37 ; List of Moneyers' names
on Coins of, vii. 102; List of
Moneyers of, ix. 122.
Ebellinum, of the Jacetani, Remarks
on Coins of, xvi. 15, 16.
Ebraice-civitas, City of York, v. 11 1 .
Ecdysia, the celebration of the, in
honour of Leto, iii. 73.
ECE (retrograde) Coin of the Iceni,
reading, xx. 174, 175.
Ecgberht, Penny of, a Relic of the
Ecclesiastical Mint of Rochester,
iv. 121.
ECKFELDT, J. R., and W. E. du
Bois. "New Varieties of Gold
and Silver Coins, Counterfeit
Coins, and Bullion with Mint
Values," Notice of, xiii. 135
138.
Edelred, " BEORNHAE," not
" BEORNHRE," the name of
the Moneyer on Coin of, iv. 38.
EDELSBACHER, Baron, of Vienna,
Collection of, iii. 126.
Edilwald,' King of Nortbumbria,
Coin of, Remarks on, iii. 154.
Edred, Penny of, iv. 184.
Edward the Confessor, Imitation of
the Coin of, by a Moneyer of
Ifarz, King of Dublin, i. 78; Re-
marks on Coin of, with probable
surname, xiv. 17G, 177.
Edward I., Irish Penny of, on ob-
verse, the English type, and on
reverse, VATERF011D, as place
of mintage, v. 120; Pattern Groat
of, xvi. 192.
Edward HI., Half-florin of, iii. 191 ;
Noble of, 191 ; Nobles of, Remarks
on, v. 134, 135; List of Nobles of,
of the different periods, 139 141 ;
Attribution of Coins to Ed. III.
and Ed. V., xiv. 2030.
Edward IV., Penny of, struck at
York, vi. 91 ; Unique Noble of,
Remarks on, xvi. 3840 ; Re-
marks on Half-penny of 175;
Crown Penny of, Remarks on,
xvii. 1 3; Remarks on Noble of
the first Coinage of, xix. 8 10.
Edward VI., Half-penny of. Re-
marks on, vii. 136 138; Remarks
on Bristol Half-penny of, xv. 95,
96; Remarks on Gold Jetton (?)
of, xviii. 115 118; Remarks on
Shilling of, xx. 22 24; Unique
Gold Coins of, 187, 188.
EDWARDS, E. Notice of " Tresor
de Numismatique et de Glvp-
tique," 1838. i. 91 114.
Egbert, first appearance of Mono-
grams on English Coins in his
reign, ii. 11.
Egersund, in Norway, discovery of
Hoard of Coins of the tenth and
eleventh centuries, i. 207.
Egypt, Medal of the Pacha of, iv.
244.
Egyptian Deities, Types of, ii. 88.
Eion Macedonia?, Coin of, Remarks
on, iii. 138.
Elagabalus, Coin of, xx. 119.
Eleanora, daughter of King John,
Extract from Miss Green's " Lives
of the Princesses of England," xiii.
139.
Elizabeth, Base Groats of, found in
Ireland, iv. 210.
INDEX II.
227
Emporiae, Coin of (?), xvi. 13.
Emporium, Coins of, iii. 62.
England, Coinage of, in 1856, xix.
228.
English Gold and Silver Coins,
Discovery of, at Saffron Walden,
v. 203.
English Inscriptions instead of
Latin, on Coins of Victoria, Sug-
gestions for, xiv. 105109.
English Silver Coinage, Mr. Haw-
kins' work on, iv. 63.
Engraving Precious Stones, the Art
of, coincident in time with that of
cutting Dies for Coin, in Ancient
Greece, i. 243.
Enydra, Remarks on Coin of, xx.
8789.
Epaticcus, Paper on a Gold Coin of,
xx. 1 8.
Ephesns, called " Arsinoe," in
honour of the wife of Lysimachus,
ii. 172; iv. 74.
Ephesus, a flourishing city in the
time of Lysander, iv. 73; origin-
ally called Smyrna, 74; Head of
Antonius, Octavius, and Lepidus,
on Coins of, 78; Heads of Au-
gustus and Livia on Coins of, 82 ;
Coin of, with the Head of Livia
on obverse and reverse, on which
she is styled, " Diana of the Ephe-
sians," 82; Heads of Drusus and
Antonia, and Germanious, on
Coins of, 83; Coin of, with Head
of Nero, Remarks on, 83, 84;
Coin of, with Head of Domitianus;
the Legend of a, commemorates
the alliance of the Ephesians and
Smyrnaeans, 85; Coins of, with
Head of Domitianus, Remarks on,
88 ; Coin of, with Heads of Domi-
tianus and Domitia, 88 ; Coins of,
with Head of Hadrian, Remarks
on, 89 94; Coin of, with Head
of L. JElius, 94; Coins of, with
Head of Antoninus Pius, Remarks
on, 95 102; Coins of Marcus
Aurelius, struck at, 102, 103;
Coins of L. Verus, struck at, 104,
105 ; Coin of Commodus, struck
at, with title of" Olympius," 106;
Coins of Sept. Severus, struck al,
Remarks on, 106; Coin of Julia
Domna. struck at, 107; Coins of
Caracalla, struck at, Remarks on,
Ephesus.
108 110; Coins of Elagabalus,
struck at, Remarks on, 110; Coins
of Maximinus. Gordianus. Philip-
pus, Otacilia, Philippus, Jun., and
Etruscilla, struck at, Remarks on,
111117.
Ephesus Ionia?, Coin of, vii. 63 ;
Cistophori of, ix. 14 16.
Epidaurus, Temple of, Serpents
nourished at, ii. 245; Coin of,
xv. 124.
Epirus, Coin of, described, ii. 58.
Eppillus, Coin of, xvi. 82, 83; Re-
marks on Coin of, with Legend
COM.F., 87, 88.
Eresus, in Lesbo insula, Remarks
on Coins of, vii. 52.
Eretria Euboeae, Coin of, vi. 145.
Eriza Cariae, Remarks on Coin of,
ix. 150.
Erythrae Bceotise, Coin of, ascribed
there by Mionnet, belongs to
Erythrae" lonias, vi. 127.
Erythrae loniae, Remarks on Coins
of, vii. 64, 65.
Esahel, Coin of, with name of his
minister, Egabes, on reverse, viii.
122.
Ethelbert, Coin of, Remarks on, iv.
34, 35.
Ethelred, Coins of, described, iii. 30,
31; Silver Penny of, 190; Re-
marks on Coins of, v. 5 8 ; Coin
of, v. 99; List of Moneyers'
Names on Coins of, vii. 102; List
of Moneyers of, ix. 1 22 ; Remarks
on some Coins of, xviii. 132, 133.
Ethelred II., Coins of, with the
"Crux" Type, xvi. 99 104;
Remarks on Coins of, xvii. 95
97.
Ethelstan, Coins of, iii. 30; Curious
Penny of, with the letters A and
O on obverse and reverse evi-
dently connected, iv. 40; Pennies
with Name of, usually assigned to
the Danish Princes, given to
Ethelstan, son of Egbert, 198;
Remarks on Coins of, v. 8 10;
Coin of, 99, 100; Remarks on a
Coin of, 124127.
Ethelwald, King of Fast Angles,
Coins of, described, iii. 28.
Ethelwulf, Coins of, described, iii.
30.
1 I
228
INDEX II.
Ethered, Archbishop of Canterbury,
in 870, only one Coin of, ii. 215;
Remarks on Coin of, v. 103.
Ethiopia, The Stamped Metallic
Currency of, ii. 65, 66; The Un-
stamped or Iron-metallic Cur-
rency of, 67, 68; Salt-Money of,
203.
Eudes or Odo, Remarks on Coins
of, v. 6466.
Eugenius, New Type of, xiii. 140;
Coins of, xvii. 114.
Eukratides, Coin of, struck upon a
Coin of Demetrius, xiii. 12, 13;
Coin of, with the Greek words
fiiya\o, and perhaps trwrijp, xv.
26, 27 ; Coins of, xix. 28 30.
EYKTHMQN substituted for
KYKTHMQN, as the name of a
Magistrate, iii. 95.
Enmenia Phrygiae, Coin of, vii. 8;
Remarks on Coin of, viii. 25, 26.
Eupardus, Bishop of Autun, Curious
Coin of, vii. 187.
Eupator, Coin of, xiv. 116.
Euralinm Carise, Coin of, ix. 150,
151.
Euromus Cariae, Coin of, ix. 151.
Eurydicea Macedonia, Coin of,
Notice of, iii. 135 137.
Eurymenae Thessalise, Remarks on
Coin of, vii. 118, 119.
Euthydemus, King of Bactriana,
Drachma of, xiii. 77, 78; Coins
of, xix. 23, 24.
Evippe, Cariae, Coin of, ix. 151.
Farley Heath, Roman Remains
found at, x. 143, 144; Lines on
Discoveries at, 182, 183;
Farthing Tokens, Note on, ii. 81,
82.
Fausta, Coin of, xx. 134.
Faustina, Sen., Coin of, with Le-
gend, PIETAS'AVG, xii. 21;
Coins of, 24; xx. 116.
Faustina, Jun., Head of, on Coin of
Taba, Unique, iii. 102; Coin of,
xx. 116.
FELLOWS, SIK CHARLES. " Ancient
Coins of Lydia, before the time
of Alexander," Notice of, xviii. 87,
88.
Feth Alee Shah, King of Persia,
Remarks on a Kazbegi of, xvii.
3338.
Fish-hook Money, the so-called,
Remarks on, xvi. 127 132; 179
182.
Florianus, Coin of, xiv. 125; Coin
of, found at Deddington, in Ox-
fordshire, xv. 79.
Forged Coins, ii. 200, 201.
Forged and Imitation Coins, Note
of, xi. 185187.
Forgeries of Ancient Coins, ii. 256
259 ; of Public Money, Paper
on,vi. 57 82; of Turkish Money
at Birmingham, x. 147, 148; of
Five-franc Pieces, xv. 105.
Fourvieres, near Lyons, Roman
Coin-moulds found at, i. 148.
Fons, les Fetes de, probably derived
from the Roman Saturnalia, i.
255.
Frederick ILL, Emperor of Germany,
Remarks on Medal of, reading
IMP. CAES. FREDRICVS. IV
AVG, xvi. 186, 187; Enamelled
Medal of, xvii. 128, 129.
French Coinage, iii. 125.
French Coins, found at Cuerdale, of
Louis le Debonnaire and Charles,
v. 46 48 ; List of, with Remarks,
5363.
Gadara, not Gergea or Gerasa, the
proper name of the metropolis of
Perea, Decapolis, viii. 148; Coin
of on reverse, Astarte, the Tutel-
ary Divinity, 148.
Gala, King of the Massyli, Remarks
on Coin of, xv. 84, 85.
Galatia, Coin of, described, ii. 224.
Galba, Coin of, restored by Titus,
xii. 20; Coin of, xx. 111.
Gallenus, Coin of, to be classed to
Pisidia, ii. 185; Coins of, xv. 74;
xx. 121, 122.
Gallus ( Trebonianus), Coin of, xx.
121.
Gans, Marguerite, Medal of, xvi.
188.
Gaul, Emperor of, List of the want-
ing Reverses of, xiv. 46 50.
Gaulish Coins, Legends found on,
ii. 75 78; struck before the Con-
quest of Gaul by Julius Caesar,
iii. 1 17; M. de la Sauvage's work
on, iv. 63.
Gaulish and British Coins, Ortho-
INDEX II.
229
Gaulish and British Coins,
graphical form of the Names
inscribed on, xv.107 120.
Gebal or Byblus Phoenicia}, Re-
marks on Coins of, xx. 98 100;
Coin ascribed by Due de Luynes
to " Cittium," or " of Cyprus,"
probably belongs to, 100.
Gelimer, Remarks on Coins of, xvii.
11, 12.
Genseric, Remarks on Coins of, xvii.
36.
Gentinos Troadis, Remarks on Coin
of, ril 96, 197.
George I., Gold Coins of, xiii.
5459.
George II., Half-pence of, x. 146,
147 ; Gold Coins of, xiii. 59, 60;
113, 114.
George III., Gold Coins of, xiiL
115128; 167174.
George IV., Gold Coins of, xiii.
174179.
Gerasa, Coin of, xiv. 122.
Germanicus, Remarkable Coin of,
ii.4.
Germanns, Remarks on Coins of,
xvi. 21, 22; Paper on Coins of,
xviii. 165 172; Coins of, Read
IN DVTILLI.L and not IN-
DVTILLI.F, xviii. 167 ; Remarks
on Coins of, xvii. 215 217.
Germe Mysiae, Remarks on Coins
of, ri. 154, 155.
Geta, Medallion of, struck at Stra-
tonicaea, with Epithet 6EOT, i.
195 ; Coin of. Relating to Britain,
xiv. 86, 87; Coins of, xx. 119.
Ghazi-ud-din Hyder, King of Oude,
Medal of, v. 129133.
Giant's Causeway, Ireland, Dis-
covery at, ii. 256.
Glycerins (?), Remark on Coin of,
xiv. 125.
Gold Ring found at Wonnleighton,
Account of, xiv. 57 63.
Gold Armlet, with Pendant Rings,
Account of, xiv. 63 65.
Gondophares, Coins of, xix. 60, 61.
Gordium Phrygian, not to be con-
founded with Gordus or Gordus-
Julia, Remarks on Coin of, viii.
27.
Gordian III., Coins of, xx. 120.
Gordus- Julia, Coins of, xiv. 120.
Gortyna, in Crete, Remarks on Coin
of, vi. 141, 142.
Gortys Arcadise, Remarks on Coin
of, xix. 235, 236.
Tpanfianvg or Scribe, an important
personage among the Greeks, iv.
79; or Town Clerk, Remarks on,
ix. 36 38.
Gratianus, Coins of, xvii. 113; xx.
138.
Gravesend, Saxon Coins found at,
iii. 14.
Greek Coins, the Weights of, xvii.
201214.
Gresham, Thomas, Letter of, to
Right Hon. Sir Thomas Parry,
Treasurer to Queen's Household,
ii. 13, 14.
Gualcher, Count of Porcien, Remark
on Sterling of, xviii. 126.
Gualeran, Lord of Ligny, Remark
on Sterling of, xviii. 126, 127.
Guide, Bishop of Cambray, Coun-
terfeit Sterling of, xiii. 87, 88;
Remark on Sterling of, xviii. 122.
Gnido, Marquis of Namur, etc.,
Counterfeit Sterlings of, xiii. 90,
91; Remarks on Sterlings of,
xviii. 123, 124.
Gunthamund, Remarks on Coins of,
xvii. 8.
Gyaros, (insula), Coins of, Remark
on, v.l 76.
Gyna;copolis, Coin of, ii. 105.
Hadrian, Coin of, xii. 20 23; xx.
114; Medallion of, xvi. 191.
Hadrianopolis, Coin of, xiv. 112.
Hadrianothene Mysiae (not Bitby-
nise, Coins of, vi. 15, 16.
Halfdan, Coin of, who was slain in
Battle of Wednesfield, in 910, vi.
116.
Halicarnassus Carlos, Remarks on
Coins of, ix. 152154.
Hamaxitus Troadis, Coin of, vi.
197.
Harp of Briam Boroimhe, King of
Ireland, the Cause of Pope
Adrian's Claim to Sovereignty
over Ireland, ii. 189.
Harp, upon the Irish Coins of Henry
VIIL, in 1530, ii. 190.
Harpasa Cariae, Remarks on Coins
of, ix.154.
230
INDEX II.
Harper of Ireland, an Account of
the, ii. 84, 85.
Harthacnut, Penny of, found at
Dover, vii.202.
Hasshah-shah, the Name of Iron
Money still used in Kordofan, i.
211.
Helena, Coins of, Paper on, xv.
188 213; Mother of Constantine,
Paper on a Barbarous Coin of,
xx. 4348; Coins of, 82; 130,
131.
Heliocles, Coins of, xix. 25 27.
Heliopolis, Coins of, iv. 99.
Henry I., Account of the Pennies
of, with the Short and Long Cross,
x. 21 26; Discovered at Teston,
in Kent, x. 26 42; List of Coins
of. found in Hertfordshire, xii.
H4148; 151153; Coin of,
foudd near Dartford, Kent, xiii.
186.
Henry IIL, Short Cross Money be-
longs to, iv. 71; Gold Penny of,
iii. 191; The Short Cross Money
his earliest Coinage, iv. 204; Pen-
ny of, with Legend HALLI-ON-
KYLA, Remarks on, vii. 138
142; the Mint of RU LA, on Penny
of, perhaps Rhudlan or Rutland,
or most likely Rochester, vii. 142 ;
Foreign Sterlings of, Type of,
xiii. 67 69.
Henry VII., List of Groats of, with
the Arched Crown, iv. 172 174.
Henry VIII., Penny of, Struck at
Durham, vi. 91.
Henry, Count of Luxembourg,
Counterfeit Sterling of, xiii. 93.
Hephaestia Lemni, Coin of, iv. 98.
Heracleopolites Nomes described,
ii. 98.
Heraclia Bithynias, Coins of, vi. 116,
117.
Heraclius, Coin of, and his Son Con-
stantinus, found at Cuerdale, v.
95.
Heribert, Mercian Penny of, vi. 163
168.
Hermans, Coins of, xix. 43, 44.
Hermodice, Daughter of Midas, in-
stituted Art of Coining among
the Cymeans, iii. 90.
Hennonthites Nomos, described, ii.
94.
Hermopolis, Coin of, described, ii.
96, 97.
Herod the Great and Archelaus his
Son, Coins of, viii. 135.
Herod Antipas, Coin of, struck in
Tiberias, the new name for Cin-
nereth, viii. 149.
Hesham-ben-abd-el-Malek, 1 1 th
Prince of the House of Ommiah,
Coin of, xiii. 83.
Hiberno-English Type, First Issue
of in 1463, struck at Dublin and
Waterford, iv. 44.
Hiempsal II., Remarks on Coins of,
xv. 85, 86.
Hierapolis Phrygise, Coin of, vii. 9 ;
Remarks on Coin of, viii. 28, 29.
Hildene, Remarks on Coins of, xvii.
911.
Himera, Attempts to fix the Date
of Coins of^vii. 179 186.
Hippostratns, King of Bactriana,
Remarks on Coins of, xvi. 112,
113, Coins of, xix. 42, 43.
Hirtia Family, Brass Coin of, viii.
36.
Histiaea Euboeae, destroyed, as
Early as the Time of Pericles, ii.
234.
Histiseotis Thessaliae, Coin of, re-
stored from the Town of Histisea
Euboeae, ii. 233 ; formerly called
Doris, from Doris the Son of
Hellenus, took the name of Histi-
aeotis from a number of Captives
brought from Histisea Eubceaj,
235; Coins of, probably about the
Rei^n of Philip V. of Macedon,
ii. 235.
Honorius, Coins of, xiv. 125; xvii.
114, 115.
Hugh, Bishop, Remarks on Sterling
of, xviii. 125126.
Hnneric, Remarks on Coins of, xvii.
68.
Hunter, Dr., Letter of, ix. 86.
Huth, mentioned by Bromton, the
same Personage as the Eric of
other Chroniclers, i. 6 ; Styca at-
tributed to, different Reading of
the Name by Sir H. Ellis and Mr.
Hawkins, i. 7.
Hyllarima Carise, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 154, 155.
Hypaspa Lydiae, Remarks on Coin
INDEX II.
231
Hypaepa Lydiae.
of, with Heads of Nero and Stat.
Messalina, viii. 6, 7; Coin of,
with Portrait of Plautilla, and
bearing on Reverse the Title of
A2IAPKO2, ix. 34, 35; Coin of,
xiv. 120.
Hyrcania Lydise, Remark on Coin
of, viii. 8.
Hyrgalea Phrygiae, Coin of, viii. 29.
lalysus Rhodi, Remarks on Coin
of, ix. 170, 171.
lasion, Remarks on, iii. 74.
lasus Cariae, Remarks on Coins of,
iv. 142, 143; ix. 155 157.
Idyma Cariae, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 157, 158.
Iksheedeyeh Dynasty, History of
Coins of the, xvii. 125, 126.
Indo- Japanian Coins, Remarks on
some, xv. 65, 66.
Indian Antiquities, by James Prin-
sep, edited by Edward Thomas,
Notice of, xx. 142148.
Ireland, Coins struck expressly for,
by Henry VII. and VIII., but
probably minted in London, with
the Legend " Civilitas Dublinie,"
iv. 49; Three Crowns the recog-
nised Armorial Bearings of, 207.
Irippo, Coin of, xvi. 11.
Italian Band, airtipa 'IraXtKrl of
Scripture, probably a Cohort serv-
ing in Syria, composed of Natives
of Italy, and called by that name
to distinguish it from those which
consisted of Troops raised in
Syria, ix. 18.
Jaenbert, the Mint of, alluded to,
ii.209.
Jame* II., Gun-Money of, iv. 235
237; Gold Coins of, xiii. 49; and
his Consort, Medals of, 139.
Jason, Myth connected with his
losing one of his Sandals in the
Anaurus, i. 225; the Myth of,
especially cherished in Thessaly,
226.
Jersey, Ancient Coins of, their Date
uncertain, i. 21.
Jerusalem, supposed to be the Ca-
dytis of Herodotus, viii. 144.
Jewel or Ring Money, of Africa,
Paper on, vi. 201 212.
Jewish Coins, Paper on, xx. 8 22.
John, King, Types on Money of,
Typical of St. John the Baptist,
ii. 188; Unpublished Irish Half-
pence of, with Fnll Face, x. 104
107; 179181; xiv. 4 8.
John III. (1200 1219) (?), Coun-
terfeit Sterling of, xiii. 94.
John, Duke of Limburg and Bra-
bant, Remark on Sterling of,
xviii. 124; Counterfeit Sterling
of, xiii. 91, 92.
John II., Count of Hainault, etc.,
Counterfeit Sterlings of, xiii. 88,
89; Remarks on Sterling of,
xviii. 122, 123.
John of Louvain, Counterfeit Ster-
lings of, xiii. 92, 93; Remark on
Sterlings of, xviii. 125.
Jolaf Tribe, Gold Ring Currency
of, Account of, xi. 161 170.
Journal for the Study of Numis-
matics, Heraldry and Seals of, iv.
125.
Jovian, Third Brass Coin of, viii.
38; Coins of, xvii. 112.
Juba II., Paper on Coin of, vi. 183
186.
Judaea, Coin of, with Legend
KAICAPOC, Illustrative of
Scripture (ol Ss ilirav aiirif Koi-
(Trtpoc), viii. 143.
Julia Phrygise, Coin of, with Head
of J'lmilianus, Remarks on, viii.
29, 30.
Julianus, Coin of, xx. 82; 137.'
Julian II., Coins of, xvii. Ill, 112.
Kabean, Name for large Tin Bur-
mese Coins, vii. 27.
Kadphises, an Indo-Scythic Prince of
Kabul, Coins of, xiii, 10, 11; xix.
50, 59, 60.
Kadusha (The Holy), constantly
found on Coins, attributable to
Jerusalem, viii. 144.
Kamnascircs and Anzaze, Remarks
on Coins of, xviii. 139 143; xx.
96,97; Coins of, 85.
Kanaris, melts his Brass Guns into
Money, at Poros, i. 28.
Kashmir, Paper on the Ancient
Coinage of, vi. 1 38.
Kholf ben Ahmed, Remarks on
Coins of. xx. 5 1 55.
Kittaning, Medal struck on the
232
INDEX II.
Kittaning.
burning of the village of, in 1756,
xvii. 129, 130.
Knockninny, Hoard of Coins (chiefly
Guineas) discovered at, i. 205.
KOIINE, B. de. " Meraoires de la
Societe d'Archaeologie, et de Nu-
mismatique de St. Petersbourg,"
Notice of, x. 186, 187.
KCEUNE'S " Zeitschrift fiir Miinz-
siegel und Wappenkunde," Con-
tents of, vii. 147 149.
KoXAv/JioTTjc, derived from " Colly-
bus," a small Coin, viii. 151.
Kozola Kadaphes, Coins of, xix. 50,
51.
KTIMENOE on Coins of Aninesum
Lydise, is merely a Magistrate's
name, and no reference to the
town, vii. 118.
KYMIAAiON, not a Coptic word,
but a Greek form, from
" a vase to pour from," iii. 94.
Ladeuse, Adr. de, Medal of, xvi.
187.
Lacedsemonia, Coin of, ascribed
there by Dutens, restored to
Lamia Thessalise, vi. 138.
Lakinia (the Here of Crotona),
connected with \aoicnv or Xaicuv,
to "shriek," or "roar," xi. 16.
Lambert, Coin of, v. 69.
Lamia Thessalise, Remarks on
Coins of, vii. 119121.
Lampsacus Mysiae, Remarks on
Coins of, vi. 155, 156.
Lancaster Seal, the result of En-
graving, and not simply Casting
in Iron, i. 126.
Lancaster Seal by Pistrucci, not
used for the Duchy Office in Lon-
don, but at Preston, in Lancashire,
i. 232.
Lanka, the ancient name of Ceylon,
Coin of the Lord of, xvi. 124,
125.
Laodicea Phrygise, Coin of, de-
scribed, ii. 168 ; Remarks on
Coins of, viii. 30, 3 1 ; Cistophori
of, ix, 72, 73.
Larissa, called, " Kremaste," from
its overhanging position, i. 223.
Latopolites Nomos, Unique Medal
described, ii. 93.
Landau, Siege-pieces struck at, in
1702 and 1718, vii. 25, 26.
Laus Lucaniffi, Remarks on Coins
of, vii. 6, 7.
Leaden Tickets, said to have been
struck in Scotland, in 1638, xiii.
139, 140.
Lebedus Ionise, Coins of, rii. 66.
Lemlein Medal, Memoir on the, xix.
237270.
Lemnos Ins. Thracise, Coin of,
iv. 8.
LEWORMAKT, M., his notion that the
idea of Chaos is symbolized in
the name of Janus, i. 94 ; " Me-
daille d'or D'Albin," Notice of,
v. 153; " Sur un denier d' Argent
de la famille Cornelia," Notice of,
153.
Leontopolites Nomos, described, ii.
100.
A.tirTa Svo, o tffn KoSpdvrtjQ
Description of the " Lepton " or
"Mite," viii. 152.
Lesbos (insula), Remark on, vii. 51,
52.
Letter from Adam Cardonnell to
the Earl of Buchan, iv. 179.
Letter from John Pinkerton to
Dodsley, the Publisher, iv. 180.
Letter from Dr. Stukely, to D.Wat-
son, of the Royal Society, iv. 238.
Leuce Ionise, Remarks on Coin of,
vii. 66, 67.
Leuco IL, King of the Bosphorus,
Coin of, described, ii. 1 60.
Libana, of the Celtiberi, Remarks
on Coin of, xvi. 16, 17.
Licinius, Sen., Coins of, xx. 131.
Light Gold, Return of, x. 101, 102.
Lilsea Phocidis, Remarks on Coin
of, vi. 125.
Lilybaeum, Coins of, xv. 115, 116.
Limyra Lyciae, Remarks on Coins
of, x. 85.
LINDSAY, Mr. attributes Stycas and
Skeattse to Huth, hi his Paper in
Numismatic Journal VoL II. p.
234, i.8: Specimens of Skeattas,
etc., published by, not really legi-
ble, 9 ; Supposes Eric and Huth
to be one and the same person,
i. 143.
Lingwell-Gate, near Wakefield, Ro-
man Coin-moulds found at, i. 163.
INDEX II.
233
Lion, a favourite Symbol of the
Lydian Coins, ii. 221.
Locri, Brass Coin of, viii. 118; Coin
of, xiv. 114.
Locri Incerti, Coin of, xiv. 114.
London and Lund, in Schonen,
places of mintage, spelt as on the
Coins of Canute, iii. 121.
Louis le Debonnaire, Coin of, iii.
27.
Louis le Begue, Remarks on Coin
of, v. 63.
Louis XI., de Saxe, Remarks on
Coins of, v. 66 69.
Louis, Count of Loos, Counterfeit
Sterling of, xiii. 93, 94.
Lucilla, Coin of, xx. 116.
Luynes, Due de, Greek Coin of,
iii. 62.
Lusignan, Guy de, Coin of, Remarks
on, viii. 201 203; Coin of, read-
ing on reverse, DAVID, struck
at Jerusalem, Remarks on, 204
206.
Lycia, in Genere, Remarks on Coins
of, x. 80.
Lycias (B.C. 147), Coin of, with
title, aviKTjrog, unconquered, xv.
27.
Lydian Coins, problematical whe-
ther struck in Asia, ii. 216; All
struck within the space of fourteen
years, which accounts for their
resemblance, ii. 220.
Lycceius, King of, Paeonia (?),
Coin of, Remarks on, iv. 10, 11.
Lynch, German, the Master-worker
of the Dublin Mint, iv. 43.
Lyndus Rhodi, Remarks on Coins
of, ix. 171, 172.
Lysias, King of Bactriana, Remark
on Coin of, xvi. 109, 110; Coins
of, xix. 36, 37.
Lysimachus, Coin of, xvii. 100.
Macedonia and Histiseotis, Coins of,
found together, ii. 236.
Macedonia, Coins of the four parts
of, ix. 27, 28.
Madytns, Chers. Thraciffl, Coins of,
Remarks on, iv. 5, 6.
Magnesia, on the Meander, Coin of,
xi. 111.
Mahmnd, of Ghazna, Remarks on
Coin of, xx. 55.
Mallus Cilicise, Coin of, viii. 4.
Malvern, Coins discovered at, Ac-
count of, xi. 19 34.
Mamun, son of Harun Al Rashid,
Coin of, struck in the year of
Hejira 204 (A.D. 819). xiii. 83, 84.
Matilda, Remarks on Coin of, read-
ing, M ATLLDA,IM.(Imperatrix),
xiv. 66, 67.
Maeonia Lydias, Coin of, with Head
of Nero, vii. 13; Coins of, viii.
8,9.
Magistrates, List of, allied with
Type of Coin of Cyme, iii. 94.
Magnentius, Coins of, xx. 137.
Magnesia Ionise, Coins of, vii. 67.
Magydus Pamphilise, Coin of, with
Bust of Domitian, Remark on,
viii. 47.
Mamluk Coin, Paper on a, xix. 7 1
84.
Mancus, derived from the Arabic
word "Mancush," a Coin, v. 122;
=30 Pennies in time of Henry I.,
123; Specimen of the Arabic
Dinar, with Head of Offa, 124;
of the Anglo-Saxons, Remarks
on, xx. 149, 150.
Mansur Ven Nuh, 7th Prince of
the Samanian dynasty, Remarks
on Coin of, xx. 50.
Marathus, Coins of, xx. 84, 85; Re-
marks on the Coins of, 89 96.
Marcianopolis, Remark on Coin of,
xiv. 1 12.
Mareotes Nomos described, ii. 101
107.
Marius, Coin of, xx. 124.
Maronea Thraciaj, Coins of, de-
scribed, iii. 109111.
MARSHALL. G. Notice of Work by,
entitled, " A View of the Silver
Coin and Coinage of Great Bri-
tain, from the year 1662 to 1837,"
1838, i. 3336.
Martin's (St.) Church, near Canter-
bury, Site of, once occupied by a
Roman Temple, presented by
Ethelbert, King of Kent, to his
Queen, Bertha, vii. 190.
Manas, Coins of, xix. 44, 45; 49,
50.
Maurice, Jewelled Coin of, Account
of, ix. 131-143.
Maximianus Hercules, Coins of, xi.
2326; XV. 77; xvii. 39, 40, 42 ;
xx. 127.
234
INDEX II.
Maximianus II., Coins of, xiv. 40,
43.
Maximinus I., Coin of xx. 120.
Maximinus II. (Daza), Coins of,
xvii. 41, 43.
Maximilian, Emperor of Germany,
Medal of, xvi. 187.
Maximus, Coins of, xvii. 114.
Medal, New Coronation, discussion
of, in House of Commons, July
9th, 1838, Miscel. i. 132, 133.
Medals not used in Antiquity, as in
Modern Times, to commemorate
Individuals or Events, i. 201.
Medal-Money and Jewel Currency,
Paper on, viii. 207 220.
Mehemet Ali, Notice of Medal to,
struck in England, v. 147 150.
Memphite Coins, Description of, ii.
98, 99.
Menander (B.C. 126), Coin of, with
title, ffuTtjp SiKaios, xv. 28 ; Coin
of, xix. 3941.
Mende Macedoniae, Coins of, iii.
138.
Mendesian Nome, described, ii. 99.
Menelaites Nomos, described, ii.
106.
Mensis, Phrygian god, worshipped
in Phrygia to a great extent, iii.
99.
Mcredates and Uiphoba, note on
Coins of, xix. 226, 227; Remarks
on Coin of, xx. 38.
Merovingian Series, Gold Coin of
the. Remarks on a, iv. 31; Coin.
with Moneyer's name, "LEV-
DVLFO," minted at Juvignien,
Juvisy, or Juges, vii. 188; Coins,
two, with Moneyer's name
" NONNITVS," Remarks on,
189.
Mesopotamia, Coin of, struck at
Seleucia, xvii. 163; Regal Coin
of, Paper on, xviii. 1 36.
Metellites Nomos, described, ii. 105.
Methana Argolidis, Coin of, vi. 139.
Methone, Coin of, with Head of
Geta, iv. 137.
Methymna Lesbi, Remarks on Coins
of, vii. 52, 53.
Mexican Dollars forged at Sheffield,
Account of, iv. 175 179.
Michael VIII., Palteologus, Coin of,
described, iv. 19 21,
Miletopolis Mysirc, Coin of, vi. 157.
Miletus Ionia% Coin of, vii. 68; Re-
marks on, xiv. 118.
MILLINGEN, Mr., French Numis-
matic prize awarded to, for his
"Sylloge of, Ancient Unedited
Coins," i. 134; "Considerations
sur la Numismatique, de 1'An-
cienne Italic," Notice of, v. 151.
Milly, James de, Account of Coin
of, xiv. 1 3; the Zecchin of, 85,
86.
Milton, Medals of, xi. 103.
Mint, The Royal, Report of Com-
missioners on Management and
Expense of, xii. 27 50.
MIONNET, T., E. Notice of "Work
by, entitled, " Atlas de Geogra-
phic Numismatique, etc.," Paris,
4, 1838. 1839, i. 257, 258.
Mithradates VI., King of Pontns,
Coin of, Remark on, v. 185.
Mitre, on Tavern Tokens, xiii. 138.
Mitylene Lesbi, Remark on Coins
of, vii. 5360.
Mococlea, Authority forgiving Coins
to that place, very weak, iii. 35.
Mode of taking impressions from
Coins, ii. 143, 144.
Modern Forgeries of Ancient Coins,
ii. 6264.
Molon, Satrap of Media, Remarks
on Coins of, xviii. 149 152.
Moneyers, List of. unknown to
Ruding, of Burgred, Ethelwald,
Eadmund, Ethelred, and Alfred,
iii. 32, 33.
Monile, a word, probably, of Phoeni-
cian origin, i. 185.
Monneses, Remarks on the Coin of,
xx. 37.
Monograms of Bactrian Princes.
See Paper of Coins of Ariana and
India, viii. 175197.
Monthra the Mandonlis, alias
Apollo, in Egyptian Mythology,
iii. 97.
Montfaucon, Sebastian de, Bishop
of Lausanne, Remarks on testoon
of, xix. 92101.
Motasem Billah, Coin of, xiii. 85.
Mould for Coins, Roman, manner
in which they were made and
used, i. 149, 150: Were these
used by forgers or not? 150 1 52 ;
INDEX II.
235
Mould for Coins.
discovery of Fossil Infusoria of
the genus Navicula, in the sand
composing, 162.
Mouton d'Or, Account of, xii. 6
19.
Mylasa, Coin of. xiv. 119.
Myndus Cariffl, Coins of, ix. 158.
Myra Lyciaj, Coins of, Remarks on,
x. 85, 86.
Myrina ^Eolias, Coin of, vii. 49.
Myrrhina Lemnos, Coin of, iv. 8.
Myrtilis Lusitaniaj, Remark on Coin
of, xvi. 11.
Na;via Gens, Coins of, xx. 109.
Nagidus, Coin of, xvii. 101.
Names of the Company who ex-
ecuted the Reform of the Debased
Coinage of England, ii. 16.
Naser Ledin Illah Ben Mostadhi,
Coin of, xiii. 85.
Nasi or Napi Lesbi, Remarks on
Coins of, vii. 60, 61.
Naucratis, Coins of, ii. 114, 115.
Naulochus loniae, Coin of, xi. 58.
Naval Honorary Medals, Account
of, xiii. 95 110.
Naxos (insula_), Coins of, Remarks
on, v. 176 178; Type on Coins
of, xi. 114, 115.
Neandria Troadis, Coin of, vi. 198.
Neapolis Macedonia 1 , Coin of, iii.
139.
Neapolis Ionise, Remarks on Coin
of, vii. 68, 69.
Nemansus Narbonensis, Remark on
Coin of, xiv. 111.
Neontichos JEoliae, Remarks on
Coin of, vii. 49, 50.
Nero, Mention of the Port of Ostia,
on Coins of, iii. 44; Coin of, with
wreath of wild olive, instead of
laurel, vii. 272 ; Coin of, struck at
Ephesus, showing that the pro-
consular authority was fully estab-
lished there in his reign, ix. 38,
39; Coins of, xx. 111.
Nerva, Second Brass Coins of, read-
ing, NEPTVNO .... (Circens.
Ktstit., or Constit), iv. 150; Coin
of, xx. 113.
Newton, Sir Isaac, " Report on the
Gold and Silver Coin in 1717, xi.
181, 185.
No>Kopoc on Coins of Ephesus, Re-
marks on the word, ix. 38.
Niciea, and Byzantium, Coin of, vi.
118.
Niea Bithyniae, Coins of, vi. 118;
Coin of, with Bust of Severus
Alexander, Remarks on, viii. 41,
42; Coins of, xiv. 117
NICHOLSON, BP., and others, doubt
whether Britain, before the Ro-
mans, had any Coinage of its own,
i. 14.
Nicias, Coin of, xix. 32, 33.
Nicomedes I., King of Bithynia,
Remarks on Coins of, vi. 123.
Nicomedia Bithynise, Coins of, vi.
118, 119.
Nicopolis ad Istrum, Coins of, xiv.
112.
Nigris, Phedericns de, Medal of,
xvi. 190.
Niniva, founded by Claudius, and
called, " Niniva Claudiopolis,"
xix. 1, 2; Coin of, struck by Tra-
jan, Remarks on, 1 3.
Northumbria, King of, Attribution
of a Saxon Type to a, xvi. 183,
184.
Northumbrian Kings, List of, given
by Mr. Hawkins, i. 3; Regnald
and Anlaf, Coins assigned to, by
Mr. Hawkins, 5; Complete Series
of Sticas of all, known, but no
well authenticated Skeatta, 10.
Numismatic Errors of the Legends
on Greek Coins, rectified, xv. 203
208.
Numismatic Publications, List and
Notice of, vii. 202, 203 ; taken
from Revue Numismatique, No-
tices of, viii. 5168, 172174;
taken from the Bulletino dell"
Institute di Corresj>ondenza Ar-
cheologica, Notices of, 128 131.
Nysa Curia;, Coin of, iv. 141.
Ocellum Lusitaniai, Remarks on
Coin of. xvi. 3 6.
Ococlea, the same as Coclca, reason*
given, iii. 39.
Odin, Invention of " Runes " as-
scribed to, by the Saxons, ii. 1.03.
Odoacer, King of Italy, Paper on
Coin of, struck at Ravenna, xvii.
223-237.
K K
236
INDEX II.
Offa, Gold Coin of, with Arabic
Inscriptions, a copy of a Mussul-
man ' Dinar," iv. 232.
Olaf, or Anlaf IV., King of Dublin
(A.D. 962981), Coin of, xviii.
131.
Olba Cilicise, Remarks on Coins of,
viii. 4, 5.
Omlite Nome, described, ii. 90.
OM4>AAOE, Remarks on the, as
used in the Bath, and as repre-
sented on Coins of Aegiale, v.
194.
Onlaf, the reading of the name, on
the Coins of, i. 5; Coins reading,
struck after the Restoration of
Anlaf, in 949. ii. 134.
Onuphites Nomos, described, ii. 103.
Orchomenus, Remarks on Coin of,
xix. 236.
Oreus, City called, built by Athe-
nians, ii. 234.
Oriental Coins for Sale, iii. 193.
Orodes, King of Parthia, Remarks
on Coins of, xvii. 146 153.
Oropus Atticae, Remark on Coins of,
vi. 129.
Orthagnes, Coin of, xix. 63.
Osbercht, List of Moneyers' names
on Coins of, vii. 103; List of
Moneyers of, ix. 125.
Otacilia, Coin of, iv. 144.
Otho, King, description of the
Money of, i. 29.
Otrus Phrygiae, Coin of, with Head
of Julia Domna, viii. 32.
Oxford Crown of Charles I., Pedi-
gree of, xvii. 20 24.
Oxyrinchite Nome, description of,
ii. 97, 98.
Paduan Coin Forgers, vi. 53 55.
Pakores, Coins of, xix. 63.
Palaeopolis Cariae, Remarks on Coin
of, ix. 158, 159.
Panopolites Nomos, Coins of de-
scribed, ii. 95.
Pantaleon, Coin of, xix. 23.
Parian Chronicle, the first to state
that Pheidon invented Money at
JEgma, i. 235.
Parium Mysise, Coins ascribed there,
to be restored to Island of Paros,
Remarks on Cistophori of, Lx. 7
9.
Parthian Attire and Quiver, on a
badly-preserved Coin of Deme-
trius, might easily be taken for the
Peplos and Cornu Copiae, iv. 14,
15; Coins, Paper on, xvii. 131
173; Explanation on some Mono-
grams on, 171 173.
Partho-Persian, or Sub-Persian
Coins, xiii. 81, 82.
Patan Sultans of Hindustan, Ac-
count of the, ix. 79 84: List and
Description of the Coins and
Lives of the, 89120, 172182;
x. 4362, 127143; with Ap-
pendix, 151 178; Supplementary
Contributions to Series of the
Coins of, xv. 121 180.
Patraus, King of Paeonia, Coins of,
Remarks on, iv. 8, 9.
Pausanias, King of Macedonia, Coins
of, Remarks on, iii. 141 143.
Pednelissus Pisidise, Remarks on
Coins of, x. 95, 96.
HiXtKvg, the peculiar weapon of the
Amazon and Arimaspi, iv. 131.
Pellene Achaiae, Notice of, ii. 237;
Coin of, wrongly classed to Pella
Macedoniae, 238 ; the weight of
the Coin important evidence in
ascribing it to, 239 ; Ram's Head
on Coins of, Ancient Authors re-
fer to the excellency of the wool
there, 241 ; Coin ascribed to, 242.
Pellerin, chiefly guided in classing
Coins by knowing where they
were found, i. 42.
Pelusium, Coins of, ii. 99.
Pembroke Collection of Coins and
Medals, Notice of Sale of, xi. 156,
158.
Peparethus, Coins of, assigned there
by Mionnet, to be transferred to
Pellene, ii. 241 ; Remark on Coin
of, vii. 124, 125.
Perga Pamphyliae; Two Coins of,
classed by Sestini to that place
belong to Andeda, ii. 3 ; Coins of,
x. 90; xiv. 120.
Pergamos, Remarks on a curious
Coin of, ii. 240 247; Remarks
on Cistophori of, ix. 9 13.
Pergamos Mysias, Remarks on Coins
of, vi. 158160.
Pergamus and Sardis, Remarks on
Coin of, vii. 7, 8.
Pergamus, Coins of, xiv. 1 18.
INDEX II.
237
Perinthus, Coins of, xiv. 112, 113.
Perperene Mysiae, Coins of, vi. 187.
Persian Daric, Remarks on a, read-
ing, irreAropH, xviii. ue
149.
Pescennius Niger, Coin of, struck,
probably, at Antioch, xii. 25, 26;
Remarks on Denarius of, xvi. 41.
Pessinus, Coin of, described, ii. 229.
Phaistus in Crete, Coin of, Remarks
on, iii. 6982.
Phalanna in Crete, Coins of, to be
restored to Argos, vi. 142, 143.
Phanagoria in Bosphoro, Coins of,
v. 183.
Pharnabazus, King of Phoenicia,
Remarks on Coin of, xiv. 10, 11.
Phidon appears to have altered the
standard rather than to have
invented the Coinage of Money,
i. 237 ; probably two or more rulers,
who bore this name, 241.
Phidon, King of the Argives, Ac-
count of Coin struck for, vi. 44
52.
Philadelphia Lydiae, Coin of, viii. 9.
Philip, Coin of, with head of Augus-
tus on obverse, viii. 150.
Philippi Macedonia, Remarks on
Coin of, iv. 130, 131; Remarks
on, iXi 2729.
Philip and Mary, List of Base Groats
of, found in Ireland, iv. 209, 210.
Philippopolis, Coin of, xiv. 113.
Philippus V., Coin of, xiv. 1 13.
Philippus, Sen., Coins of, xx. 120.
Philippus, Jun., Coins of, xx. 120.
Philomelium Phrygiae, Coin of, viii.
32.
Philoxenes, Coins of, xix. 31, 32.
Phocaea, Remark on Coin of, xiv.
118, 119.
Pholegandrus (insula), Remarks on
Coin of, v. 178.
Phraates IV. and his Queen, Ther-
musa, Coin of, xiii, 80, 81.
Phtemphis, Nome of, described, ii.
101.
Phtheneotes, Coins of, ii. 103, 104.
Phygela loniae, Coin of, vii. 69.
4><\opw^rt(or, on Money of the Kings
of Cappadocia, and *i\X\7jvoc on
Coins of the Parthian Princes,
showing the style of titles adopted
by countries tributary to the Ro-
mans, viii. 162.
Pionia Mysise, Remarks on Coins
of, vi. 187, 188.
PISTRDCCI M. Method whereby he
makes his dies, i. 59.
Pixodarus, King of Caria, Remarks
on Coin of, ix. 162, 163.
Placia Mysia?, Remarks on Coin of,
vi. 188, 189.
Plarasa Cariae, Coin of, iv. 144.
Plarasa, and Aphrodisias Caria;,
Remarks on Coin of, viii. 42.
Plautilla, Coin of, xx. 119.
Plegmund, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, Coins of, Remarks on, v. 39
45.
Plotinopolis Thraciae, Coin of, iii.
111.
Plutarch, not to be relied on, as an
authority, on the subject of An-
cient Coinage, i. 247.
Podalia Lyciae, Remarks on Coin
of, x. 86.
Pogla Pamphyliae, Remarks on
Coins of, x. 91.
Polytechnic, Regent-street, Medal
for the, iii. 62.
Pontefract Siege- pieces, Remarks
on, xvii. 93 95.
PONTIFICIA, Plated Coin of
Severus, reading in exergue, DON
(Donativum?), probably struck for
presents for the army, iv. 152.
Populus Romanus, Coin of, xx. 134.
Postumus, Coins of, xx. 123.
Potidsea, Pallene, Coins of, Remarks
on, iii. 139, 140.
Premium Medal, Crosby Hall, No-
tice of a, ii. 207.
Prenassus, Coin of, probably belongs
to Perga, ix. 159.
Pretender, Medal of, Account of,
ix. 44.
Priene loniae, Remarks on Coins of,
vii. 69, 70.
PRINSEP, JAMES. " Essays on In-
dian Antiquities, Historic, Nu-
mismatic, and Palasographic,"
edited by Edw. Thomas, Notice
of, xx. 142148.
Probus, Coins of, xv. 75, 76; xx.
127.
Procilia Gens, Coin of, xx. 109.
Proclus, Cominins, Coin of, struck
in the reign of Claudius Caesar,
with title, AN0YIIATOS, on re-
verse, xv. 24, 25.
238
INDEX II.
Proconnesus (insula), Coins of, vi.
189, 190.
PBOMIS, DOMENICO. "Monetedei
Reali di Savoia," Notice of, v.
156.
Prosopites Nomos, described, ii.
101110.
Prostanna Pisidise, Remarks on
Coins of, x. 96, 97.
Prasa ad Olympian Bithynias,
Coins of, vi. 1 19 ; xvii. 99.
Prusias Bithyniae, Coin of, iii. 98.
Prusia ad Hypium Bithyniae, Coin
of Augustus ascribed to, by Eckhel,
belongs to Temnos in JEolia, vi.
120.
Prusias ad Mare (Gins) Bithyniae,
Coins of, vi. 119, 120.
Ptolemaeus Epiri, Coin of, xiv. 113,
114.
Pylacseum Phrygiae, Remarks on
Coin of, xi. 59.
Pylus Elidis, Coins ascribed there
by Combe and Mionnet, belong
to Pyrrha, in Lesbos, vi. 137.
Pyrnus Cariae, Coins of, probably
belong to Gryneum, in the Troad,
ix. 159, 160.
Pyrrha Lesbi Insulae, Remarks on
Coins of, vii. 61, 62.
Pyrrhichos Laconiae, no Coins of,
they belong to Thebas Boeotiae,
vi. 138.
Quentovic, Coins of, Copies of
Coins reading " Cunnetti " and
"Ebraice," v. 116.
Quimper in Brittany, Coins found
there, with the Cross as a Chris-
tian Symbol, i. 75.
Quintillus, Coins of, xx. 126.
Quintino, Giulio di S. "Italian
Medieval Coins," Notice of, vii.
4042.
Ramage's Pattern for Half-crowns,
Shillings and Sixpences of the
Commonwealth, Pedigree of, xvii.
2432.
RAWLINSON, Major, C.B., Account
of Select Coins from Cabinet of,
xiii. 7085.
RAWLINS, THOMAS, and the Hono-
rary Medal of the Commonwealth,
Paper on, xiii. 129 133.
Reclulf, List of Money er's Names on
Coins of, vii. 103; List of Mo-
neyers of, ix. 124.
Regnald, Penny of. Drawing of,
contributed by the Very Rev. the
Dean of St." Patrick's, i. 119;
Penny of, 119; and Sihtric, Coins
of, not Irish, but Northumbrian,
ii. 7.
" Report of the Commissioners ap-
pointed to enquire into the
Constitution, Management and
Expense of the Royal Mint, A.D.
1848," xii. 27 50.
RET, M., Notice of Work by, enti-
tled, " Monnaies inconnues des
Eveques des Innocens, etc." Paris,
i. 252257.
" Revue Numismatique," Notice of,
v. 151.
Rhescuporis VII., Coin of, xiv. 116;
VHI., Coin of, 117.
Richard III., Unpublished Penny
of, xii. 171 173; short Account
of Penny of, 171 173.
Ring-Money, earliest notice, ap-
parently, in Job xiii. 11, i. 184;
used by the Israelites, vii. 97; a
Defence of, as a medium of ex-
change, xvi. 150 169.
Robert UL, Count of Flanders, Re-
marks on Sterlings of, xviiL 124.
ROBERTSON, J., " Catalogue of
Cameos found in Persia, 1841,"
Notice of, v. 202.
Rochester, Mint of Aethelstan and
three Moneyers at, ii. 36.
Roettier Family, Genealogy of, iii.
189.
Roettiers, Petition of, with their
account for making the Great
Seal of England, Temp. Charles,
ii. 198, 199 ; Medals of the, 254,
255.
Roman Coins found at Strood, ii.
112; List of, 116124; Catalogue
of, in the Library of Trin. Coll.,
Dublin, 255; Roman Second and
Third Brass, List of, iii. 87 ; Brass
and English Silver Coins, dis-
covery of, at Holbrook, on the
Stour, iv. 62 ; Gold Coins found
in India, v. 202; the Legionary
Eagles on, illustrative of Scrip-
ture, " There will the eagles be
INDEX II.
239
Roman Coins.
gathered together," Matt. xxiv.
28, viii. 147.
Romanus I., Restoration of Coin to,
iv. 55; IV. (?), Coin of, and
Eudocia, with her three sons,
Michel, Constantine and Androni-
cus, xiv. 126.
ROOKE, Commander, R.N., presents
a collection of Greek Coins to the
United Service Museum, i. 261.
ROSE, HENRY JOHN, " On the Jew-
ish Shekels." xvi. 89 95.
Rotingus, Michael, Medal of, xvL
190.
Rubria Family, Denarius of, found
at Ixworth, in Sutfolk, xv. 59.
Ruding, New Edition of, iii. 125.
RVLIS, Coins inscribed, xx. 167
170; in some way connected with
Verulamium, 169.
Runic Characters brought to Eng-
land by the Saxons, iii. 119.
Russia, Mines in, ii. 206.
SAEMV, or SAFMV, Icenian Coin
reading, Remarks on, xvi. 84, 85.
Ssettae (Ssetteni) Lydiae, Remarks on
Coins of, iv. 138 140; viii. 10,
11; xiv. 121.
Sagalapus Pisidise, Remarks on
Coins of, x. 9799.
.SAINTHILL, R. " Olla Podrida: or
Scraps, Numismatic Antiquarian,
and Literary," Notice of, vii. 37,
38.
Saint Omer, Coins of, ii. 206.
Saites Nomos, described, ii. 104.
Sala Thraciae, " Notice that this
place .must be effaced from the
list of Numismatic cities," iii. 112.
Salmon's Antiquities of Surrey,
note from, iii. 85.
Salonina, Coins of, xx. 122.
Samaritan Language, deduced from
the Coins of Judaea, Account of
the, xiv. 89104.
Samaritans, Account of the Religion
of the, viii. 160, 161.
Samian-ware Patera, with inscrip-
tion D1VIX.P., found at Albury,
iii. 88.
Samos (insula), Remarks on Coins
of, vii. 7277; Coins of, xiv.
119; xvii. 100.
SANDAL, on Coins of Larissa, in
Thessaly, probably with reference
to the one Jason lost, i. 224.
Sandwich, Gold Coin found at, of
Gaulish origin, i. 84.
Sardis Lydioe, no Silver Money of,
except the Cistophori, viii. 11;
Cistophori of, ix. 67, 68.
Sassanian Coins, the weight of, xix.
223, 224.
Sassanian Kings, Pehlevi Legends
on Coins of, xi. 60 92, 121
146.
Sassanidw, Unpublished Coins of
the, xv. 180184.
SAULCT, F. DE. " Recherchcs sur les
Monnaies des Dues Hereditaires
de Lorraine," Notice of, v. 1 55 ;
' Numismatique des Croisades,"
Notice of, x. 184186; " Rccher-
ches sur la Numismatique Ju-
daique," Remarks on, by John
Evans, Esq., xx. 822.
Sauromates II., Coin of, xiv. 116;
IV., Coin of, 116; V., Coin of,
116.
SADSSATE, DE LA, " Le Druide Aba-
ris," Notice of, v. 153; "Numis-
matics of Gallia Narbonensis,"
Notice of, 155.
Scallop-shells, on Coins of Zancle,
symbolical either of the Temple
of Venus, or the town of Zancle
itself, iii. 46.
Sceatta, no, found with the great
collections of Northern Stycas, i.
10; discovered in the Isle of
Sheppey, near Minster, 48; with
name of Ethelred, attributed by
Mr. Lindsay to Ethelred I., A.D.
774, instead of Ethelred II., A.D.
840, 142; bearing resemblance to
a Coin of the Constantines, ii. 158;
found at Richborough, with type
imitated from tlie VRBS.ROMA
of Constantine, iv. 32 ; found at
Dunstable, Bedfordshire, xv. 94,
95.
Sceattae, compared with Coins of
Saxon Kings betwen A.D. 725
796. i. 1 1 ; perhaps contemporary
with Saxon Kings between A.D.
725 796, 12; described, ii. 152
160.
Sceldfor is " Shelford," in Notting-
hamshire, v. 117.
240
INDEX II.
Scepsis Troadis, Coins of, vi. 198
SCHRODER, JOHANNES. " Initia
Monetai Suecange," Notice of, vii.
201, 202.
Sciathus (insula), Remark on Coin
of, vii. 125.
Scotch Coins, Forgeries of, xvi. 23
29.
Scotland, recent finds in, xx. 192
194.
Scottish Coins, Remarks on, iv. 67
72.
Scythian Princes, Coins of, with
Greek Legends, xv. 30 40.
Sebaste Phrygiae, Coins of, viii. 32,
33.
Sebasteni, Coin of the, whether to
be attributed to Galatia or Phry-
gia, ii. 226, 227.
Sebastopolis Ponti, Coins of, Re-
marks on, v. 183, 184.
Sebennytes Nomos, described, ii.
102, 103.
Segestica, Coins to be classed to,
rather than to Segisa Bastitano-
rum, xvi. 13, 14.
Seistan, Paper on Coins of, xx. 49
-57.
Seleucus I., Tetradrachms of, xiii.
75, 76; Remarks on two Gold
Drachmas of, 137, 138.
Selge Pisidiae, Remark on Coin of,
x. 100.
Selinus, Essay on Types of Coins of,
x. 108126.
Seleucia Pisidiae, Remarks on Coins
of, x. 99, 100.
Selybria, Chers. Thracia, Coins of,
Remarks on, iv. 6, 7.
SESTINI ABBATE and M. COPSINERY.
Opinions relative to the finding of
Ancient Coins, i. 46.
Sestus, Chers. Thracia, Coins of,
Remarks on, iv. 7.
Sethroites Nomos, described, ii. 99.
Seuthes I., Paper on a remarkable
Coin of, xx. 151 156.
Seuthes IV., King of Odrysii, Coin
of, Hi. 111.
Severus Septimius, Coin of, classed
to Pisidia, ii. 185; Coin of, xii.
26; Remark on Coins of, xx. 117,
118.
Severus Alexander, Coins of, xvii.
41; xx. 119, 120.
Sfortza, Galeaz Maria, Medal of>
xvi. 187.
Shekels, Paper on Jewish, xvi. 89
95.
Siam, Silver Coinage of, xi. 4048.
Siamese Silver Currency. The
Tekal, etc., Account of, xii. 89
91.
Sibidonda Phrygise, Coin of, viii.
33.
Siblia Phrygiae, Remarks on Coin
of, viii. 33, 34.
Sicyon AchaiaB, Coin of, described,
ii. 58 ; Coins of, resemble those of
Pellene, 239 ; Remarks on Coins
of, vi. 132 136.
Side, Coins of, weight of, viii. 89
93.
Sidon, Coin of, with turreted female
head, viii. 142.
Siefredus, the same as Sigefert, the
Commander of the Danish Expe-
dition against England, v. 114.
Sigeum Troadis, Coin of, vi. 199.
Sikh Coinage, Notice of, xiii. 112.
Silandus Lydiae, Coins of, with
heads of Commodus and Lucilla,
Remarks on, vii. 14, 15; Coins of,
viii. 11, 12.
Silver Fish-hook-Money of Ceylon,
Account of, xii. 8289.
Silver Standard, advocated, ii. 29.
SIMON, THOMAS, Memoir of, iv. 211
232.
SIMON'S "Trial Piece" of Charles II.,
Pedigree of, xvi. 134146.
Sinope Ponti, Coin of, described, ii.
167.
Sipontium, Coin of, iv. 128.
Sithric III., King of Dublin, Penny
of, of the Stamford Mint, Remark
on, xvi. 176.
Sitric, Earl, remarks on Coin of, v.
45, 46.
SLOANE, SIR HANS, Letter of, ix.
86.
SMITH, AQDILLA. " The Irish Coins
of Edward IV.," published in
" Transactions of Royal Irish
Acad." ki 1840, Notice of, iv. 41
54.
Smyrna Ionise, Coins of, vii. 70;
xiv. 119.
Soemias (Julia), Coin of, xx. 119.
SOLIDO, most likely the name of
INDEX IT.
241
SOLIDO.
a Moneyer on British Coin, iv.
28.
Soter Megas, Coins of, xix. 58 59.
Sora, Paper on Coin of, struck in
1462, xvii. 238244.
Southend, Gold Coins of James I.
and Charles I., to the number of
420, found there in 1838, i. 30.
Spain, Automonous Coins of, iv. 63.
Spalagadanas, or Spalyrias, Coins
of, xix. 53.
Spalirises, Coins of, xix. 52.
Spalirises and Agas, Coins of, xix.
52.
Spanish Coin(?), with uncertain le-
gend, BOB or EAE. ANEKSKN.,
Remarks on, xvi. 19, 20.
Spanish Coins, Paper on, xvi. 1
20.
Sphinx, on Coins of Cunobeline, not
adopted out of compliment to
Augustus, xx. 165.
STTft'pa 2t(3a<TTri, Account of, most
probably a Samaritan corps in the
Roman army, ix. 42, 43.
SPIEWITZ, DK., List of Oriental
Coins belonging to, i. 202.
Standard of Value, Observations on,
ii. 1828.
STAUNTON, WILLIAM, Sketch of
Life of, xi. 188. 189.
Stectorium Phrygise, Coin of, viii. 34.
STEFN.RIEV, supposed reading
on a Penny, ought to be, HEN-
RIEV.S., iv. 146.
Stephen, Coin of, described, ii. 193;
Coins of, found in Hertfordshire,
xii. 155 165; List of, found near
Dartford, Kent, xiii. 187189;
Account of Baronial Coins during
reign of, 181 186.
Sterling, struck at Arlenx, xviii.
127; Counterfeit, in imitation of
Coins of Edward I. or II., 127;
reading, IOH. DNS. DE - - - OT.,
128; Counterfeit, in imitation of
those of Henry III., Remarks on,
xix. 12.
Sterlings, Counterfeit, found at
Kirkcudbright, Account of, xiii.
gg 94; Foreign or Counterfeit,
Paper on, xviii. 121129.
STEVENSON, SETH. W., Dictionary
of Roman Coins, Notice of, xiv.
177.
Stralsund, Siege of, Gold Medal
struck to commemorate the, in
1628, xv. 58.
Strato, King of Bactriana, Coins of,
xiii. 8 10; xix. 41, 42.
Stratonicoja, Remarks on Coins of,
iv. 144, 145; Coin of, with Busts
of Caracalla and Geta, Remarks
on, viii. 43.
Strood, Discoveries at, ii. 255.
Stycas, of the Kings of Northumber-
land and Archbishops of York,
large numbers found of the, i. 10;
Remarks on two, xv. 96, 97.
Sub-Parthian Coins, Remarks on
some, xviii. 143 146.
Su-Hermaeus, Coins of, xix. 44.
Sun, the, found earlier than on the
Coins of Edward III. ; it is on the
reverse of the Coins of John, iv.
46.
Susa, Paper on Coins discovered at,
xx. 25 32.
Sybaris, Coins of, xi. 112.
Sycee Silver, List of, with explana-
tion, vii. 176 179.
Symbols, Assignment of Coins by,
ii. 164.
Synaos Phrygiao, Coins of, viii. 34.
Syphax, King of Phoenicia, Remarks
* on Coin of, xiv. 12 14.
Syracuse, Paper on Gold Coins of,
xvii. 1218; Coin of, 100.
Syria, Antiochus V., Coin of, ii.
168; Demetrius II., Coin of, 169;
Coin of, with Legend, KOINON.
CYPIAC, " The Community of
Syria," viii. 137.
Syrus (insula), Coins of, Remarks
on, v. 179182.
Systems of Velasquez and Sestini,
one belonging to the South of
Spain, termed, " Turditani," and
the other to the North, called,
" Celtiberian," iii. 5.
Taba Cariae, Coin of, described, ii.
167; List of Coins of, iii. 99, 100;
Stephanas mentions three cities
of that name; first, in Caria;
second, in Persia; third, in Lydia;
100; probably situated in the
vicinity of Aphrodisias, in Caria,
and Cibyra, in Phrygia, 201 ;
Coins of, vii. 17; xiv. 119, Coin
of, with Bust of Gallienus, viii.
242
INDEX II.
Taba C arias.
43; Remarks on Coins of, ix. 160,
161.
Table of the Derivation of British
Coins from Stater of Philip II.,
xii. 137.
Tables of the Money-changers
(rpcnrkZaq TWV KoXXo/SiorJii') Re-
marks on, viiu 150 152.
Tabala Lydice, situate on the Her-
mus, Coin of, iv. 140.
Taher, Prince of Seistan (?), Re-
mark on Coin of, xx. 50, 51.
Tanagra Bceotise, Remarks on Coins
of, vi. 127, 128.
Tanites Nomos, described, ii. 99.
Tapac, derived from Tapdafftiv, " to
trouble," and not from Tavpa'oc,
vii. 107.
Taras, name of a river, not of a
hero, vii. 107; Phalanthus, the
hero, represented on Coins of,
with the dolphin, 108; the youth
mounted on a horse is the Tapac
'iTTTrtoc, or Neptune, 102.
Tarentum, Coins of, iv. 128; xvii.
98.
Tarphea Locridis, Remarks on Coin
of, xi. 58.
Tarraga, of the Vascones, Remarks
on Coin of, xvi. 17.
Tarsus Ciliciffi, Coin of, with Bust
of Marcus Aurelius, Remarks on,
viii. 44 47.
TASCIOVANLF., Remarks on
Coins inscribed, xv. 215 217.
Tasciovanus, List of Coins of, vii.
82, 83; Coin of, xvi. 81; the
Father of Cunobeline, xviii. 43;
Remarks on Coins of, with the
Legend, VER.BOD., xx. 5765;
Remarks on Coin of, 166, 167.
Tauric Chersonese, Coin of, ii. 161.
Tavoy, Tin Coins of, Account of,
vii. 8283.
Tax, imposed on all who wore
beards or moustaches, in 1705, by
Peter the Great, vii. 153; on
Beards, not removed till the reign
of Catherine II., 1762.
Tealby, allusion to Coin of Henry
II., found at, ii. 43.
TED, Remarks on Silver Coin in-
scribed, xx. 173,174.
Tekal, the, description of, xi. 40,
41.
Telephus, Coins of, xix. 43.
Telmessus and Cragus Lycite, Re-
marks on Coin of, x. 87, 88.
Temenothyrre Lydire, Remarks on
Coins of, viii. 12, 13.
Temnos JEolias, Remarks on Coins
of, vii. 50, 51.
Temon, Story of, and the Inachians,
ii. 150.
Teos Ionise, Coins of, vii. 70, 71.
Teos and Lebedus lonite, Remarks
on Coins of, vii. 71, 72.
Terina, Explanation of Types of,
vii. 142145; the word AFH on
Coins of, explained, perhaps the
name of a fountain, 145.
Termessus Pisidiaj, Coins of, xiv.
120; Remarks on Coin of, xix.
37.
Tetricus, Sen., Coins of, xv. 74, 75;
xx. 81, 124; Jun., Coins of, xv.
75; xx. 125.
Thames, Bridge over the, when
erected, iv. 157.
Thebae Bceotiae, Remark on Coin of,
vi. 128.
Themisonium Phrygioa, Remarks on
Coins of, viii. 35.
Theodora, Coins of, xx. 83, 131.
Theodore, wife of Michael VIIL,
Palaeologus, Coin of, described,
iv. 21, 22.
Theodore Vatatzes-Ducas-Lascar is,
Coin of described, iv. 15 19.
Theodosius Magnus, Coins of, xvii.
113; xx. 139.
Theoxenius, surname of Apollo, ii.
240.
Thermas Sicilian, Remarks on Coin
of, iv. 129, 130.
Thothorses, Coins of, xiv. 117.
Thrasimnnd, Remarks on Coins of,
xvii. 9.
Thronium, the Capital of the Locri
Epicnemidii, Remarks on Coin
of, iv. 131137.
Thurium Lucaniaj, Coins of, iv. 128 ;
xiv. 111.
Thyatira Lydise, Cistophorus of, viii.
113.
Thymbra Troadis, Remarks on
Coins of, vi. 199, 200.
Tiberiopolis Phrygise, Coins of, with
Heads of Antoninus and Gordi-
anus, vii. 10; with Head of Anto-
ninus Pius, Remark on, viii. 48.
INDEX II.
243
Tiberius, Coin of, with reverse,
PONTIF.MAXIM., probably the
Denarius shown to our Lord, viii.
143; Coin of, struck in the city of
Tarraco, xii. 20; Coin of, xx. 109.
Ticals of Siam, xiii. 43.
Tickets, Medallic, Paper on, xviii.
89104.
Timarchus, King of Babylon, Coin
of, formerly assigned to Eukra-
tides, King of Bactriana, xiii. 79,
80.
41 Timor Domini fons vitas," proba-
ble origin of this Legend on
English Coins, xiii. 138.
TLNCOM, Remarks on British Coins
inscribed, xvi. 85, 86.
Tingis, Coins probably belonging to,
xvi. 8 10.
Tirteus, Coin of, xx. 36.
Tirida Thracise, Coins of, described,
iii. 112115.
Titiopolis Isaurise, not mentioned in
history till the Empire had be-
come Christian, i. 215; Artemius,
Bishop of, in A.U. 381, i. 215;
Earliest notice of, on a Coin of
Hadrian, struck between A.D. 117
and 138, i. 216.
Tityassa Lyciae, to be erased from
list of Numismatic cities, and
Coins given to Tityassa Pisidise,
x. 88.
Titus, List of Large and Second
Brass Coins of, commemorating
the taking of Jerusalem, viii. 156,
157 ; Coin of, with Legend,
IVDAEA NAVALIS, com-
memorating the defeat of the
Jews on the Lake of Gennesaret,
by the ships of Vespasian, as
they fled from Joppa in their
email vessels (<ricad>ij), 157, 158;
Coins of, struck in Judffia( ?), with
legend, IOYAAIA2. EAAQKYIAS
(Judaea deperdita), 159; Coins of,
xii. 20; xx. 112.
Tium Bithyniae, llcmark on Coins
of, vi. 121, 122.
Tlos Lyciae, Coins of, x. 88 89.
Token of the Corporation of the
City of Bristol, the earliest Regal
Copper Money of England, xx.
176,177; of 1644, with "CITTIE
OF LONDON" on it, 178, 179;
of Isle of Man, 1663, 186.
Tokens, Leaden, discovered at Bury
St. Edmunds, Account of, vi. 82
90 ; struck in commemoration
of the Murder of the Innocents,
83 89 ; of Wiltshire Tradesmen,
List of, viii. 100 115; Leaden,
found in London, Remarks on,
116, 117 ; Coffee-house and
Tavern, Account of, ix. 49 66 ;
Coffee-house, Tavern and Trades-
men's, Examples of, x. 63 79;
of the seventeenth century, having
reference to London or South-
wark, Paper on, xx. 176 187;
description of six Plates of, 180
185; earliest Irish are in 1653,
and continued longer than the
English, 186.
Trabezopolis Cariae, Coins of, ix.
161.
Trajan, Gold Coin of, found at
Ribchester, iii. 60; Coins of, xx.
113, 114.
Trajanopolis Thraciae, Coin of, iii.
116..
Tralles Lydise, Remarks on Coins of,
viii. 13, 14; Cistophori of, ix. 68
70.
Trebenna Lyciae, Remarks on Coins
of, x. 89, 90.
Tribute-money, the, was the Half-
shekel, or Hemi-stater, current in
Syria at the time of our Lord,
viii. 145.
Tricca Thessaliac, Remark on Coin
of, vii. 174.
Tripoli, Coins of the Counts of,
viii. 199.
Tripolis Caries, Coins of, iv. 145;
ix. 162.
Trocmi Galatias, Coin of, described,
ii. 169; Dissertation on Coin of,
224.
Troezene, Remarks on Coins of, vi.
139, 140.
Trussell-Puncheons, or Upper Dies,
described, vii. 21.
Two-gulden Piece, struck at Frank-
fort, in 1848, Account of, xiv.
141.
Tyndaris Siliciae, Coin of, iv. 130;
Remarks on Coin of, xvii. 218,
219.
Tyre, Autonomous Coin of, viiL
118; Coin of, with Head of Her-
cules, the Baal of their city, 141.
L L
.244
INDEX II.
Type of English Coins regulated by
the Sovereign, ii. 44, 45.
Uncertain Coins, xiv. 1 24 ; with A
and star, and N below, with Z
on reverse, 125.
Urbs Eoma, Coins of, xx. 83, 133,
134.
Vaballathus, not the son of Odena-
thus and Zenobia, but of Atheno-
dorus and Zenobia, ix. 128, 129.
Valens, Coins of, xv. 112, 113; xx.
83, 138.
Valentia, Coin of, iv. 128.
Valentinianus I., Coins of, with the
Phoenix, xi. 176 179; Remarks
on Coins of, xv. 78, 79; Coins of,
xvii. 112; xx. 138; IL, Coins of,
xvii. 113.
Valeria, Coins of the Family, iii.
125.
Valerianus, Coins of, xx. 121.
Value of Coins, Remarks on the,
xvii. 50 56.
Vandals, Coins of, in Africa, xvii.
312.
Velasquez, the first man of ability
who set to work on the Celtiberian
Alphabet, iii. 2.
Venusia, Coin of, iv. 128.
VER.BOD., probably Verbodunum,
xx. 63 65 ; Mr. Evans doubts the
authenticity of Coins reading,
175.
Verela, of the Berones, Remarks on
Coin of, xvi. 17, 18.
VERIC. COM. F., Gold Coin in-
scribed, note on, xi. 155, 156.
Vericus, another Type of, discovered
on Farley-heath, xii. 1 74 ; another
Type of, xiii. 134.
Venilam, description of the Site of
Ancient, and of Coins found there,
xx. 101108.
Verulamium, Coins of, xv. 94 ; xvi.
86, 87.
Vespasian, Coin of, with Legend,
IVDAEA.CAPTA, minted the
same year as the Destruction of
Jerusalem (A.D. 71), viii. 155 ;
with Legend, IVD. CAP., struck
four years after the Destruction
of Jerusalem, 155; List of Silver
Coins of, commemorating the
Vespasian.
Taking of Jerusalem, 155, 156;
Remarks on a Denarius of, xviii.
118, 119; Coins of, xx. Ill, 112.
Vetranio, Coin of, xvi. 174.
VIB, on Coins of Canute's son, an
abbreviation of Viberga (Viborg,
in Jutland), iii. 121.
Victor, Coins of, xvii. 1 14.
VICTORIA, QUEEN, Proclamation
by, relating to the new Coinage,
dated July 5, 1838. i. 129 131.
Victorinus, Coins of, xx. 123, 124.
Vigmund, List of Moneyer's names
on Coins of, vii. 103 ; List of
Moneyers of, ix. 125.
Viminacium Mcesise, Remarks on
Coin of, viii. 39, 40.
Vincentinus, Medal of, xvi. 187.
VIRI, Coin inscribed, xv. 105.
Visigoth Series, Coin of the, iv. 31.
Visontium, or Viseum, Remarks on
Coins of, xvi. 18, 19.
Vologeses, King of Parthia, Re-
marks on Coins of, xvii. 164 171.
Volusian, Third Brass Coin of, viii.
3738; Coin of, xx. 121.
Vonones (and Spalahares) Coins of,
xix. 51 ; (and Spalagadames, son
of Spalahares), Coins of, xix. 126.
Vulfhere, Archbishop, Coins of, ix.
126.
Warwick (?), Earl of, Account of
two Coins of, xii. 165 168.
Waterloo Medal, Mr. Pistrucci on
the, xii. 115122.
Welch, Sir Robert, Medal presented
by Charles I. to, xv. 80, 81.
WERERIC, Coin reading, struck by
one of the Earls of Warwick, xiv.
153, 154.
Whaddon Chase, find of British
Coins, xii. 52 56.
William the Conqueror, Coin of,
struck at Guildford, i. 120; Re-
marks on Coin of, xiv. 149, 550.
William II. (?), Half-penny of, xii.
144.
William and Mary, Gold Coins of,
xiii. 50, 51.
William III., Gold Coin of, xiii.
'51, 52.
William IV., Gold Coins of, xiii. 179,
180; Remarks on Pattern Rupee
of, xviii. 7582.
INDEX II.
245
William, Bishop of Canterbury,
Counterfeit Sterling of, xiii. 87.
William III., Count of Holland,
Remark on Sterling of. xviii. 128.
WITTE, J. DE, " Le Heros Aleuas,"
Notice of, v. 151.
Wolstat, Daniel, and Company,
Letter of, to Sir Thomas Gresham,
ii. 1416.
Wulfhere, Moneyers' names on
Coin of, vii. 103.
Wulfred, successor of ^Ethelheard,
ii. 210; Coin of, description of,
of, 212.
WTON, W., strikes a Medal to
commemorate Her Majesty's
Visit to the Corporation of Lon-
don, Nov. 9, 1837, i. 193.
Xois, Coin of, ii. 101, 102.
York, Uncertain Coins, and Coins
York.
with two Moneyers' names found
at, ix. 126, 127.
Zakynthns, the Hero, why he ap-
pears on the Coins of that place,
L 250.
Zancle Sicilian, taken possession of
by the Samians, 494 B.C., iii. 40;
Coins of, described, 42, 43; the
Port and Town, illustrated on a
Modern Medal, struck in honour
of Charles VI., Emperor of Ger-
many, on the taking of Medina.
in 1719,45.
Zela Ponti, Coins of, Remarks on,
v. 184.
Zeno, called Artaxias, from Artax-
ata, the place of his coronation,
ii. 5, 6.
Zenobio, San, Sequin of, xvi. 77
80.
Zeugma, Coin of, xiv. 121.
GJ
1
N6
v.20
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