THE
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,
AND
JOURNAL OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY,
THE
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,
0.
(FOURN AL
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. )
/
EDITED BY
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., TREAS.R.S.,
CORRESPONDANT DE I/INSTITUT DE FRANCE,
BARCLAY V. HEAD, D.C.L., PH.D.,
KEEPER OP COINS, BRITISH MUSEUM, MEMBER OP THE IMPERIAL GERMAN
ARCH^BOtOGICAL INSTITUTE,
AND
HERBERT A. GRUEBER, F.S.A.
ASSIST ANT -KEEPER OP COINS, BRITISH MUSEUM.
il / V
THIED SERIES.— VOL. XVII.
\
Factum abiit— monumenta manent. — Ov. Fast.
LONDON :
BERNARD QTJARITCH, 15, PICCADILLY.
PARIS: MM. ROLLIN ET FEU ARDENT, PLACE LOUVOIS, No. 4.
1897.
v.n
641214
LONDON t
PRINTED BY J. S. VIBTUB AND CO., LIMITED,
CITY ROAD.
CONTENTS.
ANCIENT NUMISMATICS.
Pase
Supposed Signs of Value on Early Coins of Himera. By E.
J. Seltmann, Esq 1
Oinoanda : A New Greek Mint. By G. P. Hill, M.A. . . 25
On a Coin of Hierapytna, in Crete, hitherto wrongly at-
tributed. By M. J. P. Lambros 31
Eare and Unpublished Eoman Gold Coins in my Collection.
By the late H. Montagu, F.S.A 35
Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in 1896. By
Warwick Wroth, F.S.A. .. . *. . v . . 93
A Find of Eoman Denarii near Cambridge. By William C.
Boyd, Esq. . f - ,. . . . . * , . , 119
A Discovery of Eoman Coins on the Summit of the Theodule
Pass (Matterjoch). By Edward Whymper, Esq. . . 127
The Type known as " The Demos " on Coins of Ehegium. By
E. J. Seltmann, Esq 173
Monnaies grecques, inedites et incertaines. By Dr. J. P. Six 190
On some Eare Greek Coins. By the Eev. Canon Green well,
M.A., F.E.S 253
Solon's Reform of the Attic Standard. By G. F. Hill, M.A. 284
Cartimandua. By G. F. Hill, M.A 293
VI CONTENTS.
MEDIEVAL AND MODERN NUMISMATICS.
Page
On the North-Humbrian Coinage of A.D. 758—808. By
Lord Grantley, F.S.A 134
A Find of Coins at East Worlington. By H. A. Grueber,
F.S.A. . . ,.VIV ""•"-;r "• .... 145
A Find of Coins at Crediton, N. Devon. By H. A. Grueber,
F.S.A. . . . . ' . . . ~ . . .159
On Some Coins of William I. and II. By L. A. Lawrence,
Esq . .226
On a Hoard of Short-cross Pennies. By L. A. Lawrence, Esq. 235
On the Mint of Barnstaple. By L. A. Lawrence, Esq. . . 302
Medals of Centenarians. By F. Parkes Weber, M.D., F.S.A. 309
Attribution of Medals of Priam, Augustus, and Alexander
the Great, to a Medallist of Pope Paul III., possibly
Alessandro Cesati. By F. Parkes Weber, M.D., F.S.A. 314
NOTICES OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS.
Nachtrage und Berichtigungen zur Munzkunde der romischen
Republik, &c. Von M. Bahrfeldt . ... . 245
Catalogue of the Coins of the Achaean League. Compiled by
Major-General M. G. Clerk . . '/'''". . . 246
Minton's Numismatic Bibliography . . f . ' . 246
CONTENTS. Vll
MISCELLANEA.
Page
Three Bare Medals made by W. Mossop . 90
Saxon Coins found near Hitchin . .'V . ' / ' . 248
Undescribed Penny of King John . . . . . . 248
An Unpublished Coorg Medal .' . . , , . 249
A Little Silver Coin of En Ndsir, Imam of San'a . . . 250
Roman Denarii found near Cambridge . . . . .251
French Royalist Medals made by W. Mossop . . .318
Medallion in Plaster of the Right Hon. John Beresford and his
Wife, Barbara . . . ' . . . . 319
PLATES.
LIST OF PLATES CONTAINED IN VOL. XVII
Plate
I. Oinoanda, Termessos Major and Minor.
II. Roman Gold Coins, Montagu Collection.
m. Acquisitions of the British Museum in 1896.
IV.
• » » »
VI.
VTI. North-Humbrian Coinage, A.D. 758-808.
Vm. Coins of Rhegium.
IX. Monnaies grecques inedites et incertaines.
X. Coins of Harold II and William I and II.
XL Coins from the Green well Collection.
XII. „
XIII.
•X-1V. ,, ,, ,,
XV. The Honley Find.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY.
SESSION 1896—1897.
OCTOBER 15, 1896.
SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., Treas.R.S.,
V.P.S.A., F.G.S., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table : —
1. Bulletin de Numismatique. May — July, and September,
1896.
2. Memorials of Edward Jenner. By Dr. H. R. Storer.
From the Author.
3. Un Denier inedit de Pepin le bref. By the Vicomte B. de
Jonghe. From the Author.
4. Aarboger for nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historic. Heft 2.
1896.
5. Revue suisse de Numismatique, tome vi. liv. 1.
6. Medaillier de la Societe archeologique de Montpellier. By
E. Bonnet. From the Author.
7. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. vi. Part II.
8. Umberto Rossi. In memoriam. By S. Ambrosoli. From
the Author.
9. Revue Numismatique. Parts II, III, 1896.
a
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
10. Annuaire de la Societe fra^aise de Numismatique.
May— August, 1896.
11. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Part II, 1896.
12. Jahrbiicher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im
Rheinlande. Part XCIX.
13. Administration Report of the Madras Government
Museum, 1895—6.
14. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquaires de la
Morinie. Parts CLXXVII— CLXXVIII, and Memoires, Tome
xxiii.
15. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xvii. Parts
VI and VII.
16. Monatsblatt der numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
Nos. 154—158.
17. Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Geschichtswissenschaft. Nos. 1
and 2, 1896.
18. Vetulonia. By G. Sordini. From the Author.
19. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
Vol. xvi. No. 1
20. Journal of Hellenic Studies. Vol. xvi. Part I.
21. Archaeologia Aeliana. Part XLVIIL
22. Bulletins de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. Parti,
1896.
23. Revue beige de Numismatique. Parts III and IV, 1896.
24. Numismatische Zeitschrift. Bd. xxvii.
25. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. iii, No.
5, and Transactions. Vol. xxx. Parts XVIII— XX.
26. La Gazette Numismatique. No. 1.
Mr. H. W. Thorburn was elected and Col. W. J. Massey and
Mr. H. Thompson were proposed as members.
The President exhibited a cast of a rare bronze coin of Verulam,
of the type of Evans, " Coins of the Ancient Britons," Suppl.,
pi. xxi. 7, of the time of Tasciovanus, lately picked up on the
seashore at Ostend, and now in the Royal Cabinet of Medals
at Brussels.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 3
Mr. L. A. Lawrence exhibited pennies of Aethelstan, of East
Anglia, with ANG in monogram on the obverse, and of
Henry I. (type as Hawkins 266) reading THVRED ON
LVNDONE.
Dr. Codrington exhibited a dollar of the Mahdi, Muhammad
Ahmad, struck in 1884, and three silver coins of Sayid
Abdullah, the Khalif of the Mahdi, struck between 1886 and
1890 at Omdurman. The first dollars struck by the Mahdi
contained, according to Slatin Pasha, seven parts of silver to one
of copper, whereas the last dollar coined by the Khalif about
a year ago is composed of two parts of silver to five of copper.
Mr. Prevost exhibited a bronze medal commemorating the
foundation of the Musee Fabre at Montpellier.
Mr. E. J. Seltmann contributed a paper on supposed marks
of value on early coins of Himera. The letters V V, which are
frequently met with on archaic drachms of Himera of 2Eginetic
weight, and which Signer Gabrici has recently interpreted as 5
Litrae, Mr. Seltmann thought bore an entirely different meaning.
He proposed to read them as the initial letters of the word
Avrpov signifying a price paid, or expiatory offering. (See
Num. Chron., vol. xvii, p. 1).
Dr. B. V. Head concurred with Mr. Seltmann in rejecting
(mainly on metrological grounds) Gabrici's explanation, and Sir
J. Evans pointed out the chief objections to the acceptance of
Mr. Seltmann's hypothesis.
NOVEMBER 19, 1896.
Sin JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
1. Ri vista italiana di Numismatica. Part III. 1896.
2. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xvii. Part VIII.
3. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. vi. Part III.
4. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. Part
III, 1896.
5. Un Esterlin au type anglais frappe par Renard de Schonau
et quatre monnaies inedites ou peu connues de Heerenberg et
de Stevensweerd. By the Vicomte B. de Jonghe. From the
Author.
6. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
No. 159.
Lieut. -Col. W. J. Massey and Mr. H. Thompson were elected
Members.
The President exhibited a bronze medallion of the fourth
century, having within a wreath a male and a female bust, face
to face, possibly of a Roman Emperor and Empress ; around
was inscribed VIVATIS. The President also exhibited a millen-
nium krone of Hungary.
Mr. Prevost exhibited a bronze medal struck on the visit of
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert to Paris in 1855.
Mr. G. F. Hill read a paper " On Oinoanda, a New Greek
Mint," describing a unique silver stater of about B.C. 200, bear-
ing the head of Zeus with a sceptre on the obverse and an
eagle on a thunderbolt on the reverse. On the evidence of this
coin a series of bronze pieces, formerly attributed to Termessos
in Pisidia, may now with much probability be transferred to
Termessos Minor in Lycia, to which some coins have already
been attributed by Dr. Imhoof-Blumer. See Num. Chron. vol.
xvii, p. 25.
Mr. Grueber gave an account of a large hoard of silver coins
found in July of last year at East Worlington, North Devon.
The coins, which numbered in all 5,396, consisted of shillings
and sixpences of Edward VI, Elizabeth, James I, and Charles I,
and also one crown and many half-crowns of the last king.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
The only local mints of Charles I represented in the hoard
were those of Aberystwith and Exeter. Mr. Grueber placed
the burial of the hoard at early in 1646. The paper is printed
in the Num. Chron.,vo\. xvii. p. 145.
DECEMBER 17, 1896.
0. CODBINGTON, ESQ., M.D., Treasurer, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
1. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquaires de la
Morinie. Part CLXXIX.
2. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xvii. Part IX.
3. Bulletin de Numismatique. November, 1896.
4. Monatsbericht der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
Nos. 160, 161.
5. Illustrations of tin coins current in some Malay States.
From the Colonial Office.
Mr. G. B. Bleazby, Mr. A. L. Stride, and Kumvar Kushal
Pal Sinha, Rais of Kotla, were elected Members.
Mr. B. A. Hoblyn exhibited a Wolsey groat of the second
coinage of Henry VIII, with the cardinal's hat, but without
the initials " T. W." ; and also a groat of fine silver of Mary,
countermarked with a portcullis.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence read a paper on some supposed forgeries
of coins of Harold II and William I and II. The coins in
question bear the mint-names of Lewes, Lincoln, and Win-
chester, and from their types show an interchange of dies.
From this circumstance, and also on account of certain pecu-
liarities as to spelling of the moneyers' names, Mr. Lawrence
argued that all the coins were forgeries. See Num. Chron.,
vol. xvii, p. 226.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
JANUARY 21, 1897.
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, In the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table:—
1. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xviii. Part I.
2. Annuaire de la Societe francaise de Numismatique. Nov. —
Dec., 1896.
3. Revue beige de Numismatique. Part I, 1897.
4. Revue Numismatique. Part IV, 1896.
5. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
6. Supplement to Thomas's Pathan Kings of Delhi. Part VI.
By C. J. Rodgers. From the Author.
Mr. R. Day, F.S.A., was elected a Member.
The Rev. R. Baron von Hube exhibited two gold and one
silver British coins attributed to the Remi and the Iceni, and
also a two-third ryal of Mary, Queen of Scots, dated 1567, and
counter struck with a thistle.
Mr. J. E. Pritchard exhibited a Dutch (?) medalet, having on
one side a bishop enthroned and the legend, " Hoc opus est
Dei," followed by a harp, and on the other the inscription,
" Annuciatio (sie) Beats Virginis, 1640."
Mr. T. Ready exhibited a copper coin of Mallus, in Cilicia,
having on the reverse a seated figure of the city, with river-
gods at her feet; the legend was MAA IEP TOY ©EOY
AMfclAOXOY, and the date ET. AHC (=281).
Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited a new rupee struck for Bikanir.
Mr. F. Latchmore gave an account of four coins of Burgred,
recently found near Hitchin, and also described two silver
sceattas and two pennies of Oflfa and Alfred which had been
unearthed some little time ago in the same locality. Num.
Chron.j vol. xvii, p. 248.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence read a paper on a hoard of short-cross
pennies of Henry II, Richard I, John, and Henry III, found
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 7
in France. Though the coins presented no new varieties,
except one, struck at Canterbury, bearing the moneyer's name,
"ROBERT vi," yet the hoard was of considerable importance, as
it conformed in every respect to the classification of the coins
of those reigns which had been proposed in 1865 by Sir John
Evans. See Num. Chron., vol. xvii., p. 245.
Mr. Grueber read a paper on the recent find of coins made at
Crediton, in Devonshire. The coins, which were found in the
ceiling of a room above the vestry of Crediton Church, were
1,885 in number, and consisted of shillings and sixpences of
Edward VI, Philip and Mary, and Elizabeth, half-crowns,
shillings, and sixpences of James I and Charles I, and similar
coins, including some crowns of Charles II. The coins were
all much worn, except quite the later pieces, and presented
no new varieties of those described in Hawkins's " Silver
Coinage.'' Amongst the coins of provincial mints struck during
the reign of Charles I, there were some interesting pieces of
Bristol, Oxford, Shrewsbury, and Weymouth. The conceal-
ment of the hoard must have taken place about 1685, as the
latest piece — a shilling of Charles II — is dated 1683, and its
fine condition proved that it had been but little in circulation.
See Num. Chron., vol. xvii, p. 159.
FEBRUARY 18, 1897.
STR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
1. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol iv. No. 1.
2. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xviii. Part II.
3. Foreningen til norske Fortidsmindes-merkers Bevaring.
Aarsberetning. 1895.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
4. Stavanger Domkirke. By M. Nieslayen.
5. Rivista italiana di Numismatica. Part IV. 1896.
6. 750 Inscriptions de Pierres gravees inedites. By E. Le
BJant.
7. Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum —
" Caria and Islands:1 By Barclay V. Head. From the Trus-
tees of the British Museum.
8. Monnaies de Reckheim, and Sceau-matrice du Couvent
Het Beslottenhof. From the Author, Vicomte B. de Jonghe.
9. Yocabolarietto pei Numismatici. By S. Ambrosoli. From
the Author.
10. Catalogue of Coins in the Calcutta Museum. Parts III
and IV. By C. J. Rodgers.
11. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. Part
III. 1896.
12. Bulletin de Numismatique. Jan. — Feb., 1897.
Mr. H. W. Lawrence, Mr. F. Bowcher, and Mr. A. Trice
Martin were elected Members.
Mr. R. Day, F.S.A., exhibited a silver-gilt oval badge of
Prince Charles Edward, with his bust three-quarters to left.
This badge appears to be a cast reproduction of a repoussee
plaque.
Mr. T. Ready exhibited a plaster cast of a quarter-stater of
Cyzicus in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, similar in type
to that exhibited by him on November 19th last, the authen-
ticity of which had been questioned. Mr. Ready was of
opinion that the Paris coin proved the genuineness of his coin.
He also exhibited an unpublished bronze coin of the Empress
Tranquillina struck at Tarsus, with the name of the city on the
reverse, and a representation of the Cabiri standing on a
galley and holding up a sort of arch, beneath which is a
pyramidal building enclosing a figure of the god Sandan stand-
ing on a lion.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence exhibited a plated half-crown of
James I, and a copper penny of the Transvaal Republic bearing
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 9
the bust of President Kriiger, of which only forty specimens
are said to have been struck.
Mr. A. Prevost exhibited two vaccination medals : one Dutch,
dated 1809, was struck for presentation to local doctors ; the
other, French, dated 1814, for presentation to Chefs de Service
of the Paris hospitals.
Lord Grantley read a paper " On the Styca Coinage of North -
umbria, from A.D. 758 to A.D. 808." Besides giving a general
view of the coinage of that period, he called special attention
to a few coins, most of which were unpublished. Amongst
these was a styca of Elfwald I, with the name of the moneyer
instead of an animal on the reverse. This coin is of consider-
able importance, as it shows the earliest occurrence of a
moneyer's name in the Northumbrian series. He also described
several unpublished stycas of Elfwald II, formerly in the Bate-
man Collection, with the moneyer's name, Eadwine. The
paper will be found in Num. Chron. vol. xvii, p. 134.
MARCH 18, 1897.
SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
1. Bulletins de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. Part
III. 1896.
2. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquaires de la
Morinie. Part IV. 1896.
3. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xviii. Part III.
4. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
Nos. 163 and 164, 1897.
b
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
5. Kong. Vitterhets Historie och Antiquitats Akademiens
Manadsblad. 1892.
6. Publications de la Section historique de I'lnsfcitut grand-
ducal de Luxembourg. Vol. xv.
7. Solvfundet fra Horr. By G. Gustafsen. From the
Author.
Mr. H. 0. O'Hagan and Mr. W. S. Talbot were elected
Members.
Mr. W. T. Ready exhibited a very rare archaic drachm of
the town of Salybria, on the European coast of the Propontis ;
also a counter, dated 1648, struck in the name of Charles II,
and consequently within two months after the execution of his
father; oh. ADMITT . NOE . PARTNERS . 1648; three
crowns ; C. R. II. beneath. Rev. PERFECI . 1648 ; Cupid
holding wreath and bow ; in field to left, tree stump with
offshoot ; to right a shrub, from which hangs a quiver.
Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited a series of the " Voce Populi"
halfpennies and farthings coined in Ireland shortly before
1760.
Mr. J. B. Caldecott exhibited illustrations of the Isle of Man
coinage as follows : specimens of the pattern penny of 1723,
without initials or value on reverse, struck in silver and copper;
specimens of the pattern halfpenny of the same issue, struck in
silver on thick and fhin flans and on a thick flan in copper; the
pattern penny of 1732, with the date divided by the Derby
crest (the child on this piece is in a cradle, from which a sprig
issues), with I. D. and value on reverse, struck in bronzed
copper ; two copper proofs of the ordinary issue of 1733 shown
for reference.
Dr, Frazer exhibited three medals of Louis XVI, Marie
Antoinette, and the Dauphin, being copies by the Irish medal-
list William Mossop of similar pieces made by Ferdinand and
Daniel Loos, of Berlin. He also exhibited a pewter impression
of a plaque by the same artist, bearing the portraits of Lord
John Beresford and his wife, Barbara Montgomery, the original
NT7MISMATTC SOCIETY. 11
of which once formed the central ornament of a silver tankard.
See Num. Chron. vol. xvii, pp. 90, 319.
Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a bronze medal by F. Halliday,
1839, probably struck for a Mr. Walter Hawkins, of Kensington,
for presentation to young men starting in life. It was intended
to encourage the practice of industry, courtesy, and integrity.
The obverse represents the stranger looking for a seat in a
Greek theatre, and the Athenians keeping their seats while the
Spartans in a body rise to make room for him, the incident
being taken as typical of courtesy. Below, to the left, is
Socrates receiving the cup of hemlock, representing integrity,
whilst on the right is Demosthenes speaking on the seashore,
emblematic of industry.
Mr. E. Whymper gave an account of a find, in 1895, of forty-
two Roman copper coins on the summit of the Theodule Pass.
The coins belonged to A.D. 270 — 353. The paper is printed in
vol. xvii, p. 127.
Mr. Grueber communicated a paper by the late Mr. H. Mon-
tagu on some Roman gold coins in his collection. See vol. xvii.,
p. 35.
Sir H. Howorth made remarks on the coins of Peada and
JEthelred, which have hitherto been attributed to the kingdom
of Mercia, but which he proposed to transfer to East Anglia,
and to the interval between the reigns of Beorn or Beonna,
circ. A.D. 760, and of JEthelberht, who was murdered by Offa,
King of Mercia, A.D. 794. Sir H. Howorth was of opinion
that there could hardly have been any Mercian coinage before
the reign of Offa.
APBIL 29, 1897.
Sin JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table:—
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
1. Archaeologia Cantiana. Vol. xxii.
2. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,
1895-6.
8. The Smithsonian Report, 1894.
4. Journal of Hellenic Studies. Vol. xvi. Part. II.
5. Bulletins de la Societe des Antiquaires de TOuest. Part
IV, 1896.
6. Revue beige de Numismatique. Part. II, 1897.
7. Revue Numismatique. Part I, 1897.
8. Revue suisse de Numismatique. Vol. vi. Part II.
9. Archaeologia Aeliana. Vol. xix. Part I.
10. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xviii. Part IV.
11. Nachtrage und Berichtigungen zur Miinzkunde der
romischen Republik. By M. Bahrfeldt. From the Author.
12. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. vii. Part I.
18. Bonner Jahrbucher. Part C.
14. Numismatische Zeitschrift. Vol. xxviii.
15. Zeitschrift fur Numismatik. Vol. xx. Parts III, IV.
16. Bulletin de Numismatique. March, 1897.
17. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Part I, 1897.
18. Monatsblatt der numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
April, 1897.
Major-Gen eral M. W. E. Gosset exhibited a gold coin of Nasir-
ed-din Khusru Shah, King of Delhi, who usurped the throne
for four or five months in A.D. 1320. His coins are of extreme
rarity, three only being known, one in the British Museum and
one in the Berlin Museum ; this specimen, brought from
Afghanistan in 1878, being the third. See Vol. xvii, p. 249.
Dr. 0. Codrington exhibited a gold amulet inscribed in the
Arabic character with the ninety-nine epithets of the Deity.
Mr. Ready exhibited an unpublished variety of the common
Porto Bello medal, distinguished by the initials i. K. and the
word DUBLIN in the exergue ; also an unpublished medal com-
memorating the victories of Frederick the Great in 1757.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
13
Mr. W. C. Boyd read a paper on a find of Roman denarii at
Cambridge, consisting of 193 coins ranging from the time of
Commodus to that of Philip, A.D. 248. N.C., vol. xvii, pp.
119 and 251.
Mr. Warwick Wroth read a paper on the Greek coins acquired
by the British Museum in 1896, chiefly from the famous
Montagu and Bunbury cabinets. See vol. xvii, p. 98.
MAY 20, 1897.
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
1. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xviii. PartV.
2. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de la Morinie.
No. 181.
8. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. vi. Part IV.
4. Catalogue of Oriental coins in the British Museum. Vol. i,
1875. From Lord Grantley.
Lord Grantley exhibited a medal commemorating the founda-
tion of the French Society of Bibliophiles in 1820. It has
on the obverse a portrait of Jacques Auguste de Thou, and on
the reverse a view of the interior of a library.
Mr. R. Day, F.S.A., exhibited a gold badge of the Jamaica
Royal Military Club, founded on August 21st, 1788, the anniver-
sary of the birthday of its patron William, Duke of Clarence,
afterwards William IV.
Dr. F. P. Weber exhibited three medals with portraits of
Priam, Alexander the Great, and Octavius, which, though
unsigned, he attributed to the Italian medallist, Alessandro
Cesati, called " II Grechetto." See vol. xvii., p. 814.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence showed a rare penny of William I, and
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
others of JEthelstan and Eadmtmd of East Anglia in very fine
condition.
Mr. Ready exhibited a rare penny of Henry I., and Mr. A.
E. Copp a medalet with the portrait of James Blomfield Bush,
who was executed at Norwich for murder in 1849.
Mr. E. J. Seltmann contributed a paper on the type known as
" the Demos " on coins of Rhegium. After describing the
representations of the figure of Demos on coins of late date,
and also citing the earliest representations of this personification
in sculpture and painting, the author was of opinion that the
seated figure found on the reverse of the early coins of Rhegium
was not that of the Demos, but of Aristaeus, the protector of flocks
and shepherds, of vines and olive plantations, the instructor in
the art of cultivating bees, the averter of the burning heat of
the Dog-star, &c. The various symbols and figures which are
to be found below the chair on which the figure is seated
appeared to Mr. Seltmann to be also connected with the nature
and functions of Aristaeus in his various phases. See vol.
xvii, p. 173.
JUNE 17, 1897.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., Treas.R.S.,
V.P.S.A., F.G.S., President, in the Chair.
The Minutes of the last Annual General Meeting were read
and confirmed.
Reginald F. Huth, Esq., and Frederick George Hilton Price,
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 15
Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S., were elected Members of the Society, and
Richard Burn, Esq., was proposed.
The Report of the Council was then read to the Meeting as
follows : —
GENTLEMEN, — The Council again have the honour to lay
before you their Annual Report as to the state of the Numis-
matic Society.
With great regret they have to announce their loss by death
of the following eight Ordinary Members : -
W. R. Baker, Esq.
T. B. Barrett, Esq.
A. Durlacher, Esq.
Sir Aug. Wollaston Franks, K.C.B., P.S.A.
M. H. Hoffmann.
R. W. Cochran Patrick, Esq., F.S.A.
S. 8. Pearce, Esq.
P. R. Reed, Esq.
And of one Honorary Member : —
Prof. Dr. J. G. Stickel, of Jena.
Also, by resignation, of the following four Ordinary Members.
The Hon. Sir C. W. Fremantle, K.C.B.
W. de Bracy Herbert, Esq.
Major Adam Smith.
Col. Charles J. Wright.
The name of J. H. Gooch-Jolley, Esq., has been erased from
the list.
On the other hand the Council have much pleasure in
16 PROCEEDINGS OP THE
recording the election of the following fourteen Ordinary
Members : —
G. B. Bleazby, Esq.
F. Bowcher, Esq.
R. Day, Esq., F.S.A.
B. F. Huth, Esq.
H. W. Lawrence, Esq.
Lieut.-Col. W. J. Massey.
A. T. Martin, Esq.
H. 0. O'Hagan, Esq.
F. G. Hilton Price, Esq., F.S.A.
Kumvar Kushal Pal Sinha, Rais of Kotla.
A. L. Stride, Esq., J.P.
W. S. Talbot, Esq.
H. Thompson, Esq.
H. W. Thorburn, Esq.
According to the Report of the Hon. Secretaries the numbers
of the Members are as follows : —
Ordinary. Honorary. Total.
June, 1896 262* 20 282
Since elected 14 — 14
276 20 296
Deceased ........ 8 1 9
Resigned 4 4
Erased 1 — 1
June, 1897 263 19 282
* Wrongly given as 261 in last year's Report, owing to the
accidental omission of one name in the List of Members.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 17
The Council have further to announce that they have
awarded the Medal of the Society to Dr. Alfred von Sallet, the
Director of the Royal Coin Cabinet of Berlin, for the eminent
services which he has rendered to the science of Greek, Roman,
Mediaeval, and Oriental Numismatics during the past thirty
years.
The Treasurer's Report — which shows a balance of
£232 16s. 7d. as compared with £439 16s. 3d. of last year— is
as follows : —
Dr.
Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of the
THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF LONDON IN
To
»»
>»
»»
y>
t9
Messrs. Virtue & Co., for printing " Chronicles "
Parti, 1896 . . ' .
Part II, ,,
£
' . 38
. 48
8.
7
4
0
3
12
4
4
d.
10
9
0
6
10
0
0
£ 8.
179 16
51 0
30 0
11 3
d.
1
10
0
2
Part III, „
. 43
Part IV, „
The Autotype Company, for Plates v
» » »
» » » -- •> •
The Royal Asiatic Society, one year's rent due Ji
Mrs, Harper, for Attendance, Tea, Coffee, &c.
Purchase of £700 London and North-Western R*
way 4% Pref . Stock at 153|
. 32
. 9
. 9
ine 24,
iil-'
£1,074
10
1897 .
10 0
1 0
1,084 11 0
By proceeds of sale of £800 2|% Con-
sols at 10 7| £863 0 0
Less Brokerage, &c. . . . 1116
861 8 6
Paid balance ....
Mr. John H. Pinches, for 12 Silver Medals and Engraving do.
Mr. F. Anderson, for Drawing Coins, &c. ....
Messrs. Walker & Boutall, for Photographing Coins
Messrs. Rollm & Feuardent, for Priced Catalogues
of Montagu's Sale, Roman and Greek Series . £1 10 8
Do. do. for Cohen's "Med. Imperiales," 8 vols. 13 8 4
Messrs. J. Davey & Sons, for Printing Balloting List
Messrs. Hachette & Cie., for " Dictionnaire des Antiquites " .
Messrs. Spink & Son, for Priced Catalogues of Montagu Sales
The Rev. Chas. Dowding, for Numismatic Books .
Messrs. Bowyer & Co., for Bookbinding .
Messrs. Griggs & Sons, for printing in Collotype
Messrs. Hatton & Son, for Stationery and Printing .
Civil Service Supply Assoc., for Brass Plate, &c. .
Fire Insurance ,
Cheque Book, &c
Secretaries, for Postages, &c
Treasurer, for Postages, Receipts, Telegrams, Cab Hire, &c.
Collector (Mr. A. W. Hunt), for Commission and Postages
By Balance in hand ....
223
2
6
13
12
0
5
15
0
7
1
0
14
19
0
4
13
G
0
7
6
0
8
0
2
0
0
1
18
0
2
10
0
3
3
6
1
13
9
0
15
0
0
3
2
5
0
0
7
10
0
6
15
1)
232
16
7
esoe
4
4
Examined with the Vouchers, compared as to additions, and found correct,
Auditor*.
15th Jwte, 1897.
A. PREVOST
L. A. LAWRENCE
Numismatic Society, from June, 1896, to June, 1897.
ACCOUNT WITH ALFRED EVELYN COPP, TREASURER. Or
By Balance from last Statement
,, Entrance Fees . . . . . .
^, Compositions
,, Subscriptions
,, Received for " Chronicles," viz. —
Mr. B. Quaritch . . .
Mr. Thos. Bliss
£61
0
£5
5
13
0
14
6
6
10
£
439
13
31
233
7
0
- 61
0
4
4
8
- 24
2
s.
16
13
10
4
14
2
3
1
d.
3
0
0
0
7
0
4
2
,, Col. Tobin Bush, for Foreign Postages
„ July Dividend on £800 2| per cent. Consols (less
Taxi
October ditto ditto ditto .
February ditto, on £700 Pref . London and
Western Railway Stock ditto
Inland Revenue Return of Income Tax on
North-
Consols
£806 4 4
ALFRED E. COPP,
HONORAEY TREASUEEK.
15th June, 1897.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
After the Report of the Council had been read, the President
addressed Mr. Head as follows : —
Mr. Head,—
I have the pleasure of placing in your hands the medal
which has been awarded to Dr. von Sallet1 by the Council of
this Society, in recognition of the important and long-continued
services that he has rendered to numismatics. Twenty-four
years ago we showed our appreciation of those services by
electing him as an Honorary Member of our Society, and since
that time there have appeared under his immediate editorship
no less than twenty volumes of the Zeitschrift fur Numismatik,
which he originally founded, and in which such a wealth of
numismatic information is contained. His own contributions to
this periodical have been mainly in the department of Greek
coins, and testify to his wide acquaintance with that series,
and to the suggestive powers of his mind. The additional
interest given to the noble collections at Berlin by the succes-
sive volumes of descriptions of different series is also due to
his origination, and the details concerning the coinage of the
Tauric Chersonesus, Sarmatia, Dacia, Thrace, Macedon, and
some other countries of European Greece, have been mainly
contributed by his pen. On the magnificent additions that
have been made to the Berlin royal cabinet since it was under
Dr. Alfred von Sallet' s charge it is needless to dilate. May he
long continue to preside over an institution for which he has
done so much.
Mr. Head replied as follows : —
Sir John, —
It is my pleasant duty this evening to act as an intermediary
between this Society and such an eminent scholar and numis-
matist as my colleague of the Berlin Museum. As soon as Dr.
1 We sincerely regret to have to record the decease of Dr. von Sallet,
which took place on November 25th, 1897.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 21
von Sallet was informed of the award of our medal to him he
sent me a letter regretting his inability to receive it in person,
and asking me to convey to the President and Council his
warmest thanks for the honour which they have conferred
upon him.
For my own part I heartily congratulate not only Dr. von
Sallet, but also the Society, on the choice they have made, for
when I look back over the space of no less than thirty years dur-
ing which Dr. von Sallet has been diligent in working and writing
on various branches of numismatics, I am simply amazed at
the enormous number of his works both great and small.
I have turned over the pages of the very valuable Bibliography
of Numismatics lately compiled with great care by one of our
Members, Mr. Thomas W. Minton, and I there find that under
the name of Von Sallet there are no less than five closely
written folio pages, each of which is crammed with the mere
titles of the numismatic treatises which Dr. von Sallet has
written. The subjects which he has so ably discussed in these
papers include all the more important branches of the science^
Greek, Roman, Oriental, and Mediaeval coins, and medals of
the Renaissance and later periods.
There are few, I imagine, who are in a better position than
I am to appreciate the value of many of Dr. von Sallet's most
modest-looking papers. Every student who has made any use
of my Historia Numorum cannot fail to have remarked the
numerous references to his works on almost every page. One
admirable quality of all Von Sallet's writing is the brevity and
directness with which he places before his readers the essence
of the subject-matter under discussion. The growth of numis-
matic literature during the last thirty years has been so rapid
that it has become a hopeless task to keep up with it except in
small special branches. It seems to me, therefore, that the
avoidance of all mere conjectural writing and of prolix discus-
sions is year by year becoming more and more imperative.
The quality of reticence is one which cannot be too strongly
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
insisted upon, and it is one that especially characterises Dr.
von Sallet's works.
Once more I most heartily congratulate the Society on their
judicious choice of so eminent a numismatist upon whom to
bestow their medal.
The President then delivered the following address : —
In addressing this Society on the occasion of another Anni-
versary Meeting, I may again congratulate it on the satisfactory
condition of its finances and of its List of Members. Although
through death and resignation of membership we have lost
thirteen of our Ordinary Members ,*we have elected fourteen new
Members, so that our numbers have increased by one. The list
of our Honorary Members has been reduced by one, so that in
all our number remains unchanged. Our finances, as you will
have heard from our Treasurer's report, are in a satisfactory
condition. Our balance is reduced, but not to the extent of the
investments made. It will be noted that the capital of the
Society has been transferred from Consols to London and North-
Western Railway Preference Stock within the year.
The medal of the Society has, as you know, been awarded by
the Council to Dr. Alfred von Sallet, in recognition of his long-
continued services to the science of Numismatics, and in this
award of the Council I am sure that the Society at large will
cordially concur.
Our losses by death have, I regret to say, been rather above
the average, and among our deceased members are several
highly distinguished men about whose career it seoms incumbent
upon me to say a few words.
From the list of our foreign Honorary Members we have to
mourn the loss of the veteran Professor J. G. Stickel of Jena,
who for sixty-seven continuous years occupied a Professorial
chair in that University. Johann Gustav Stickel was born at
Eisenach, on the 18th July, 1805, and died on the 21st
January, 1896, in the ninety-first year of his age. His early
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 23
endeavours were in the direction of Theology and Philology,
but he soon devoted himself to Oriental studies, which led him
for some time to reside in Paris. He returned, however, to Jena
in 1830, and ten years later induced the Grand Duke
Frederick of Weimar to purchase the Zwick collection of
Oriental coins. Under his auspices there gradually accumulated
around this nucleus a collection which now numbers in all
upwards of 20,000 coins. Among these are many of the rarest
and most important of the early Mohammedan coins, which
with other allied relics have furnished materials for upwards of
sixty treatises on Oriental Numismatics and Sphragistics,
published by Stickel. A medal was struck to commemorate the
Jubilee of his Professorship in 1889, and in 1892 he had the
dignity of Privy Councillor conferred upon him. His energies
remained unimpaired to the last, and papers from his pen were
published up to within a short time of his decease.
Among our home Members, there is no one whose loss is
more deeply and universally deplored than my life-long friend
and in several capacities colleague Sir Augustus Wollaston
Franks, the President of the Society of Antiquaries. Although
a rare attendant at our meetings, and the author of but one
communication to the Chronicle, he was an active and warm
supporter of the study of numismatics. The paper I have
mentioned added nearly 250 new varieties to the London
Tradesmen's Tokens of the sixteenth century ; but the important
share that he took in preparing the Medallic Illustrations of
British History for the press has a far higher claim upon our
gratitude. In this exhaustive work he was assisted by our
Secretary, Mr. Grueber. The Society will remember the
account of a remarkable hoard of about 240 Anglo-Saxon coins
from the time of Offa to that of .ZEthelwulf, communicated to
us in 1894. The whole of this hoard was, with his accustomed
liberality, added to the National Collection by Sir Wollaston
Franks, but this is a mere trifle when compared with the
marvellous treasures which he from time to time presented to
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
the Museum and those which he has bequeathed to it. This is
not the place to dilate upon his wonderful stores of knowledge,
ever at the disposal of students, of his critical acumen and his
powers of organization. Far less can I speak of his devoted
friendship and the kindliness of his disposition. To many
besides me his loss is incalculable and irreparable. For forty-
five years he devoted the whole of his time and the bulk of his
income to forwarding the interests of the British Museum and
improving its archaeological collections, and his services to the
Society of Antiquaries have also been unbounded. I may men-
tion that in 1884 be had a medalet struck, with his crest and
motto on the obverse and his name and family arms on the reverse,
which he gave to his more intimate friends as a kind of numis-
matic memorial, which will now be doubly treasured. On it
his university degree is recorded as M.A., but Cambridge, his
alma mater, subsequently conferred upon him the degree of
Litt.D., and Oxford that of D.C.L. He was born on March
20th, 1826, and died on May 21st, 1897, having been for
thirty-six years a member of this Society, and for forty-four
years a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.
Mr. Kobert W. Cochran Patrick, F.S.A., of Beith, in Ayr-
shire, was an old Member of the Society, having been elected
in 1871, and was among the most distinguished Scottish numis-
matists of this century. His Records of the Coinage of Scot-
land, published in two volumes in 1876, was soon followed by
Records of Mining in Scotland, which appeared in 1878, and
the Catalogue of the Medals of Scotland, published in 1884.
These four handsome quarto volumes are monuments of his
learning, zeal, and industry ; but besides producing these inde-
pendent standard works, he was for many years a constant
contributor to the pages of the Numismatic Chronicle.
In the New Series there are no less than eighteen papers from
his pen, all relating to the Scottish coinage, and several of them
giving accounts of unpublished varieties. Of late years his
communications have been fewer in number, but the last of
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 25
these, published in 1888, constituted an important supplement
to his work on Scottish medals. Besides being a first-rate
numismatist and a good antiquary, Mr. Cochran Patrick played
a not unimportant part in politics. In the days when Scottish
Conservative M.P.s were far scarcer than at present, he sat for
North Ayrshire, from 1880 to 1885. From 1887 to 1892 he
was Under- Secretary for Scotland, and at the time of his death,
which was sudden, on the 15th of March, 1897, he was Deputy-
Chairman of the Scottish Fishery Board. He took an active
part in all matters relating to his native county of Ayrshire, as
well as in all that concerned Scottish antiquities, and at
different times held the offices of Secretary and Vice-President
of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. He died deeply
regretted by many personal friends at the comparatively early
age of fifty-five.
M. H. Hoffmann, of Paris, had been a Member of our Society
since 1876, and for many years occupied a foremost place
among the dealers and experts of France. He had consider-
able literary ability, and contributed various papers to Le Nu-
mismate, which was published under his auspices. His most
important work was on Les Monnaies Royales de France, which
was published in 4to, with 118 Plates, in 1878. M. Hoffmann
was a born collector, with a keen appreciation of all that was
fine in art or of rare historical interest, whether in classical,
mediaeval, or modern coins, or in objects of Roman, Greek, or
Egyptian antiquity. Long after he had retired from business
he could not abstain from attending the principal sales of coins
and antiquities, and from time to time securing for his own
enjoyment some of the most attractive objects brought to the
hammer. His private house, indeed, always partook of the
nature of a museum, of which he was the intelligent conserv-
ator. He died in Paris on the 30th April last, in the seventy-
fourth year of his age.
Mr. Alexander Durlacher had been a Member of the Society
since 1879, and exhibited his interest in numismatics by being
d
26 PROCEEDINGS OP THE
a constant attendant at our meetings, to which he occasionally
brought objects of interest. He was, however, better known
from his devotion to music, having been an early member and
a trustee of the Sacred Harmonic Society, and having for some
years taken an active part in organizing the Handel Festivals
at the Crystal Palace, and the choral arrangements at the
State Concerts given in Buckingham Palace. He died on
20th November, 1896, at the age of seventy-four.
Mr. S. S. Pearce joined the Society in 1870, Mr. W. R.
Baker in 1872, Mr. T. B. Barrett in 1876, and Mr. P. R. Reed
in 1881. They were, therefore, all old Members of our body ;
though none of them communicated any paper to our publica-
tions, they belonged to a class of men to whom our Society is
often deeply indebted — gentlemen residing in different parts
of the country, taking an interest in all the discoveries made in
their districts, collecting and preserving coins, and disseminat-
ing a taste for numismatic studies.
Turning now to the various contributions to our knowledge
that have been made during the last year, I find them to have
extended as usual over a wide field, and to have embraced
subjects relating to Greek, Roman, Saxon, English, and Ori-
ental numismatics.
In the Greek department we have had more than one paper
of much interest. Owing to the dispersion of the Montagu
and Bunbury cabinets, and to a grant liberally made by the
Treasury, the opportunities of the British Museum for making
additions to the National Collection have been greater than
usual. Mr. Wroth has again favoured us with a communica-
tion, calling attention to the more remarkable of these additions.
In his paper recording the acquisitions of 1895, which from
some inadvertence I omitted to notice in my Address of last
year, he called attention to a remarkable tetradrachm of Eryx,
a rare drachma of Istrus, in Moesia, an unpublished coin of
Pheneus in Arcadia, an early coin of Neandria in the Troad, a
bronze coin of Hydisus in Caria, the first ever attributed to
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 27
that city, and several other important pieces. The acquisi-
tions of the Museum in 1896 comprised in the Greek series no
fewer than 50 gold and 428 silver coins, or from two to three
times as many as the average of the previous nine years. The
bronze coins, on the other hand, fell somewhat below the
average.
I must content myself by mentioning a few only of the more
important pieces. First comes a grand specimen of the Italian
quincussis, with the type of a bull walking, and of the weight
of nearly four pounds avoirdupois, which came from the Pem-
broke Cabinet, and was bequeathed to the Museum by the late
Sir Edward Bunbury. It probably dates from the latter half
of the fourth century B.C. A gold quarter-stater of Tarentum
is another rarity, as is a tetradrachm of Odessus in Thrace
with the OEO^ META^ of the place, whoever he may be,
both in full on the reverse, and showing his head only on the
obverse. Perhaps one of the most noteworthy coins is the
tetradrachm of Nabis, King of Lacedaemon, about B.C. 207 to
192. It would be strange if this and another unique tetra-
drachm inscribed NABIO^ constituted the whole remains of
his currency, which extended over a period of fifteen years, but
possibly his smaller coins bore merely an indication to show
that they were issued by the State of Lacedsemon. A fine tetra-
drachm of Tenedos, and a unique stater of Alexander II
(Zebina), already described in the pages of the Chronicle, and
both from the Montagu Collection, must close my list of
selected examples.
Mr. George Macdonald, who has unusual opportunities of
carefully examining the Hunter Collection of Coins at Glas-
gow, has supplied us with some valuable notes on Combe's
Catalogue of the Collection. Not only have numerous coins
been more or less misread and misattributed, but a certain
number of them can now no longer be accepted as undoubtedly
genuine. In such an extensive collection, formed, as it waa,
during the last century by one whose principal scientific occu-
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
pation was not the study of numismatics, it is fortunate that
there are not more specimens that will not bear the light of
modern methods of examination. I fear that when the series
of Roman gold coins comes under review, a few of them will
have to join the ranks of " doubtful authenticity."
Mr. Macdonald has also called our attention to a find made
in the Lipari Islands, including an unpublished coin of Rhegium.
The most numerous in the hoard of 68 coins, are " Horsemen
of Tarentum," but there are in it 17 coins of Neapolis in Cam-
pania, as well as specimens from the mints of Velia and Gales.
The most important is that of Rhegium, apparently a silver piece
of two litrae, with the head of Apollo to the left on the obverse,
and the lion's head facing on the reverse. The deposit probably
took place towards the beginning of the First Punic War.
A paper by Mr. Seltmann, to be subsequently mentioned, is
also illustrative of the coinage of Rhegium.
Mr. Seltmann, in a paper on supposed signs of value on early
coins of Himera, has suggested a new interpretation of the
peculiar symbols VV, which, with numerous variations, occur
on these pieces. The first mark has been regarded as the
initial letter of VITRA, and the second as indicating the
numeral five. The author suggests that the symbols stand for
the two first letters of the word AYTPON, an expiatory
offering or atonement. The suggestion is ingenious, and the
reasons shown for disconnecting the symbols with five litrro
cogent ; but so far as I am individually concerned, the inter-
pretation as AVTPON does not commend itself to me, and
the mystery attaching to the symbols remains unsolved. Mr.
Seltmann's paper is suggestive in several other respects, and
deserves to be attentively studied.
The same author has favoured us with an essay on the type
known as the " Demos " on the coins of Rhegium, and has
shown cause for regarding this seated figure as rather repre-
senting Aristaeus, or some local agricultural divinity, than as
impersonating the inhabitants of the city. He regards the staff
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 29
and other attributes connected with the figure as being quite in
keeping with its being, intended for Aristaeus, the protector of
flocks and shepherds, of vineyards and oliveyards, the intro-
ducer of agriculture and the guardian against the pernicious
influences of the Dog-star. Like the paper already mentioned,
that on the Khegian type cannot be dismissed without very full
consideration.
Mr. Hill has had the good fortune to publish a didrachm
struck at the hitherto unknown mint of Oinoanda, a town of
Lycia, not far from Little Termessus, the coins of which place
present analogous types ; and Mr. Lambros has shown cause
for transferring a bronze coin, attributed by M. Svoronos to
Pannona, in Crete, to Hierapytna, or Hierapetra, in the same
island. He goes so far as to say that Pannona must, for the
present at least, be excluded from Cretan numismatics. We
may, perhaps, hear more on the subject from M. Svoronos.
An argument against the view of M. Lambros seems to be
afforded by the fact that on the known coins of Hierapytna the
name is spelt I EPA, and not I APA, as seems necessary if the
new attribution is to be accepted.
The principal paper that we have had on Roman numis-
matics has a melancholy interest about it. It is the first part
of an account by the late Mr. Montagu of the rare and unpub-
lished Roman gold coins in his magnificent collection, now
unfortunately dispersed. The coins described are 139 in
number, and extend to the days of Saloninus, the son of Gallie-
nus, and though at the time when he was engaged in writing
this account, Mr. Montagu had only got through one-half of his
task when he was stricken down with the illness that carried
him off from among us, perhaps this first half comprises the
most interesting coins, even if there were a greater number of
unpublished pieces in the second. It would be superfluous to
enter into details, especially as the Sale Catalogue of the collec-
tion may be regarded as one of the best handbooks of Roman
gold coins ever published ; but I may name a few of the more
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
important pieces, several of which are now in the National
Collection : Mark Antony and Octavia, the same and his son,
Titus and Julia, Pescennius Niger, Diadumenianus, and Ura-
nius Antoninus, of whom there were four coins in the collection.
The prices obtained for these afford a strong argument in favour
of doubting the verdict pronounced upon them by Sign. Gnec-
chi, of Milan, who has regarded all the gold coins of Uranius
as false. The Diadumenianus, which cost Mr. Montagu so
many days' study, is now in my collection. The publication of
this valuable contribution to our knowledge sadly recalls to
mind the great loss that this Society has sustained by the
death of the author.
Mr. E. Whymper, who has come across some Roman coins
found in the Theodule Pass, which lies between the Matterhorn
and Monte Rosa on the Southern border of Switzerland, has
kindly called our attention to them. The coins are of various
dates, and though upwards of forty were found together, about a
quarter belong to the time of Aurelian and Probus, and three-
fourths to the period between Constantine II and Decentius. A
second series of coins obtained from the same locality by M.
Seidler extends from Gaulish times to the days of Theodosius.
The general inference to be drawn is this, that the Theodule
Pass has been frequented, at all events at intervals, for a period
of 2,000 years.
Mr. Boyd has described a hoard of nearly two hundred
Roman denarii found near Cambridge and ranging in date from
the time of Clodius Albinus to that of Philip the Arabian and
his family. Though the deposit contains no coins of very
remarkable types or great rarity, it is satisfactory to have such
a complete and carefully compiled list of them placed on record.
A principal feature of interest in the hoard is its close
correspondence with that found at Brickendonbury, near
Hertford, in 1895, of which I furnished a description to the
Society. It must have been deposited in the ground at approxi-
mately the same time, at all events within about a couple of
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 31
years, and it appears to afford fresh testimony to the disturbed
state of Britain about the year 250, when the troubled condition
of the Roman Empire in the East seems to have diverted the
attention of the government in the West and to have led to a
feeling of insecurity, shown by the possessors of money burying
it in the soil for security.
The smaller series of third-brass coins found near Cadbury
Camp, Somerset, and described by Mr. Pritchard, belong to a
later date and range from Gallienus to Constantius Chlorus.
Coins of Diocletianus, Maximianus, and Carausius, all struck
under the authority of the last, with PAX AVGGG. M.L.XXI
on the reverse, add an interest to the find.
Passing on to the Saxon coinage we find Lord Grantley
attempting to elucidate the numismatic history of Northumbria
during the obscure period between the resignation of Eadbert,
in A.D. 758 and the days of Eanred, A.D. 808, when the styca
coinage became abundant. Leaving the coins of Moll Ethel-
wald and Oswulf, the author cites from his own collection two
coins struck by Alchred, in conjunction with Archbishop Ecg-
berht of York, one of Aethelred I, which he has already
described to the Society, and two sceattas of Aelfvald I, one
of them apparently with the name of a moneyer. He goes on
to describe some stycas attributed to Aelfvald II, and con-
cludes with those which there seems reason to attribute to
Eardulf. The paper is full of facts relating to the Northum-
brian coinage, and will have to be carefully studied by future
writers on the subject.
Lord Grantley has also described a penny of Offa of Mercia,
with a new type of reverse struck by the well-known moneyer
DVD. The fertility of design exhibited on the coinage of
Offa is surprising, and the varieties seem almost inexhaustible.
This would be none the less remarkable should Sir Henry
Howorth's opinion, that there was no Mercian coinage before
the days of Offa, be substantiated. His proposed transference
of the coins attributed to Peada and Aethelred from Mercia to
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
East Anglia, may find some support from the small hoard of
sceattas found near Cambridge, of which I published an
account some three or four years ago. It is a case in which
Mary's motto will hold good : " Veritas temporis filia."
Mr. L. A. Lawrence, dealing with coins of a somewhat later
date, has touched upon some difficult points in questioning the
authenticity of certain coins of Harold II, William the Con-
queror, and Rufus. Unfortunately I was not able to be present
when the paper was read, and I was, therefore, deprived of the
advantage of hearing the discussion upon it. I must, however,
confess that the identity of the dies from which several of the
coins were struck can, in my opinion, hardly be accounted for
by any interchange of such instruments at places so far distant
from each other as Lincoln, Lewes, and Winchester, even assum-
ing them to have been issued from one central office in Lon-
don. If I am not mistaken there is another circumstance in
the case which, to say the least of it, is of a highly suspicious
character, viz., that one of the coins impugned instead of
having been struck on an ordinary plain blank, is a penny of the
common PAXS type, restruck as a rarer coin. Mr. Lawrence
has also given us an account of a hoard of short-cross pennies
found in France, an examination of which confirms the classifi-
cation of these coins now generally adopted. The name of one
Canterbury moneyer EOBaET . VI : is new.
For a discussion of the attribution of a Baronial coin of the
time of Stephen we are indebted to Mr. Samuel Page.
Advancing to still more recent days, Mr. Grueber has favoured
us with accounts of two extensive hoards of English silver
coins, which, having been surrendered to the Treasury, have
passed under examination at the British Museum.
The first of these, found on a farm at East Worlington,
North Devon, consisted of nearly 5,200 pieces, mainly shillings
and sixpences, from the reign of Edward VI to that of
Charles I, but including some half-crowns of the last-named
king. A few new varieties, not mentioned by Hawkins, were
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 33
among them, and some coins from the local mints of Aberyst-
with and Exeter. The hoard must have been deposited in
the year 1646, when the civil war was raging, and when the
final conflict in the West of England between the two opposing
parties took place.
The other hoard is of a later date, and was found under
the floor of a building attached to the church at Crediton, in
the same county. There were 1,884 coins in it, ranging
from those of Edward VI down to the milled coins of
Charles II, the latest in date being of 1683. No coins of
the Commonwealth were present in the hoard, and the cir-
cumstances under which it was accumulated and deposited are
obscure. If the constituent coins were brought together at a
date near 1683, it is strange that nearly half the coins were
struck before the end of the reign of Elizabeth, and more
than half before that of the reign of James I. It may be
that the hoard was the accumulation of a lifetime. A few
interesting local coins were present, including a half-crown from
the Weymouth mint, and one of some rarity from Shrewsbury.
We are also indebted to Mr. Grueber for some notes
on the rare Phoenix medalet of Elizabeth, and on a curious
satirical medal on the state of France about 1708-9 under
Louis XIV.
In addition to a considerable number of medals that have
been exhibited at our meetings, that in gold presented in
1804 to Dr. Edward Jenner by the Medical Society of London
has been fully described by Dr. Parkes Weber. He has also
given us an interesting paper on the curious " Perkins School
Tokens " of the seventeenth century, of which a certain
number have been published in Williamson's edition of Boyne,
which afford a curious insight into the school customs of the
period.
Dr. Parkes Weber has also called our attention to certain
Renaissance medals bearing the presumed portraits of Priam,
Alexander the Great, and Octavius, with fanciful reverses.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
From internal evidence he assigns their production to an en-
graver, who flourished under Pope Paul III, Alessandro Cesati
by name ; who was, however, familiarly called " II Grechetto."
Dr. Frazer of Dublin has called our attention to some
medals struck by W. Mossop, a jeweller and die-sinker of
that city at the end of the last century, and an artist of no
mean ability.
A very large number of other interesting coins and medals
have been exhibited to the Society at our meetings.
In the department of Oriental Numismatics Mr. L. White
King and Mr. William Vost have communicated to the Chronicle
a paper on some novelties in Moghal coins, in which a con-
siderable number of new mints are added to those already
known of Akbar, Jahangir, Aurangzib and others. A coin of
Humayiin and Kamran conjointly seems to be of especial
interest.
Another communication from Mr. White King is on the
" History and Coinage of the Baraksai Dynasty of Afghani-
stan." Though relating to comparatively modern times, it is
of considerable interest to the student of the history of the
English in India. The names of Dost Mahommed, Akbar
Khan, Sher Ali, and Abd ur Rahman, are not unfamiliar even
to the general public, and the series of Afghan coins, many of
which bear poetical couplets upon them, seems to be of more
interest than many of the native coins of India.
Mr. C. J. Rodgers has described two new coins from the
Punjab, one of them bearing the name of Polyxenos, and be-
longing to much the same date as Strabo I and Menander.
Mr. Rapson, in a paper on the attribution of certain silver coins
of Sassanian fabric, has placed on record some of the views of
the late Sir A. Cunningham with regard to these puzzling coins
which that lamented archaeologist had intended to incorporate
in a note to be appended to his article on the " Coinage of the
White Huns." The coins were by him regarded as Ephthalite,
probably of the seventh century A.D. ; whereas M. Markoff
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 35
considers them to have been struck by the Turuska Indo-
Scyths in the third or fourth century. There is, therefore,
room for controversy.
The past year, like the one before it, has been distinguished by
important sales in London, both of coins and medals, the Bun-
bury Collection of Greek coins, and part of the Montagu Collec-
tion, including the whole of the medals, having been disposed
of by auction. The prices realised seemed to prove that the
interest in medallic illustrations of the past has by no means
diminished. Among numismatic publications I may call atten-
tion to the Catalogue of the Coins of Caria and the Islands,
prepared by Mr. Head, and published by the Trustees of the
British Museum. An important innovation in it is the addition
of a map showing the physical features of the country and
the geographical position of the towns at which mints were
situated, thus adding materially to the value of the work.
Another feature is presented by the addition of a Plate of coins
belonging to the series described, but of which there are as yet
no examples in the National Collection. The Catalogue is thus
raised to the dignity of a Handbook. The Introduction is
exhaustive and complete, and not the least interesting part of
it is that which relates to the re-issue of gold Philippi in the
second century B.C.
Another of the British Museum Catalogues that has just
appeared relates to the coins of Lycia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia.
It is by Mr. G. F. Hill, and forms the nineteenth volume of this
magnificent work. A noticeable improvement in this volume
upon its predecessors is the insertion in the text, where possible,
of the find-spot of interesting coins, and of the names of the
collections from which different specimens passed to their final
resting-place in the Museum.
I may take this opportunity of calling attention to the fine
series of English coins and medals, partly originals and partly
electrotypes, that is now exhibited in the corridor attached to
the Medal Boom of the Museum. Students will there find faci-
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
lities for studying a fine and complete series of our coins and a
magnificent display of medals.
Students of Greek numismatics will be gratified to learn
that, thanks to the liberality of Mr. Stevenson, of Glasgow, a
new Catalogue of the Hunter Collection of coins of cities and
princes is in course of preparation and will probably soon be
completed. The old Catalogue by Combe is, as we know
from Mr. Macdonald's paper, by no means free from errors, and
moreover, some of the coins are of but questionable authenti-
city. The new Catalogue will doubtless be completed in a more
critical manner than was the former, which it is destined to
supersede.
All that now remains for me to say is to express my thanks
to this meeting for the patience with which it has listened to
me, and to exhort all members of the Society who have any rare
or unpublished coins on which to comment, or any new views
on numismatic subjects that they wish to ventilate, at once to
communicate with the Secretaries. If any one has friends with
numismatic tastes, let him lay before them the advantages of
joining the Society. In doing so let them call to mind that
this is the Diamond Jubilee of the Numismatic Society, as well
as that of our beloved Sovereign, and while praying for long and
continued prosperity to her reign, let them do all in their
power to maintain the Society on a firm and satisfactory basis.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 37
The Meeting then proceeded to ballot for the Council and
Officers for the ensuing year, when the following gentlemen
were elected : —
President.
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D.,
TREAS.R.S., V.P.S.A., F.G.S.
Vice-Presidents.
LORD GRANTLEY, F.S.A.
SIR HENRY H. HOWORTH, K.C.I.E., M.P., F.R.S.,
V.P.S.A., M.B.A.S.
Hon. Treasurer.
ALFRED E. COPP, ESQ.
Hon. Secretaries.
HERBERT A. GRUEBER, ESQ., F.S.A.
BARCLAY VINCENT HEAD, ESQ., D.C.L., Pn.D.
Foreign Secretary.
WARWICK WROTH, ESQ., F.S.A.
Librarian.
OLIVER CODRINGTON, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A.
Members of the Council.
HENRY F. AMEDROZ, ESQ.
THOMAS BLISS, ESQ.
WILLIAM C. BOYD, ESQ.
J. B. CALDECOTT, ESQ.
REV. G. F. CROWTHER, M.A.
ARTHUR J. EVANS, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A.
GEORGE FRANCIS HILL, ESQ., M.A.
E. C. KRUMBHOLZ, ESQ.
L. A. LAWRENCE, ESQ.
»
HERMANN WEBER, ESQ., M.D.
LIST OF MEMBERS
OP THE
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
DECEMBEE, 1897.
LIST OF MEMBERS
OP THE
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
OF LONDON,
DECEMBEE, 1897.
An Asterisk prefixed to a name indicates that the Member has compounded
for his annual contribution.
ELECTED
1873 *ALEXE*IEFF, M. GEORGE DE, Chambellan de S.M. 1'Empereur de
Russie, Ekaterinoslaw (par Moscou), Russie Meridionale.
1892 AMEDROZ, HENRY F., ESQ., 7, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.O.
1882 ANDREW, W. J., ESQ., Cadster House, near Whaley Bridge,
Derbyshire.
1884 ANDREWS, E. THORNTON, ESQ., 25, Castle Street, Hertford.
1888 ARNOLD, G. M., ESQ., D.L., F.S.A., Milton Hall, Gravesend,
Kent.
1882 BACKHOUSE, J. E., ESQ., The Rookery, Middleton Tyas, Rich-
mond, Yorks.
1881 BAGNALL-OAKELEY, MRS., Newland, Coleford, Gloucester-
shire.
1892 BAKER, F. BRAYNE, ESQ., The College, Malvern.
1887 BASCOM, G. J., ESQ., 109, Lexington Avenue, New York,
U.S.A.
1896 BEARMAN, THOS., ESQ., Melbourne House, 8, Tudor Road,
Hackney.
4 LIST OF MEMBERS,
ELECTED
1880 *BIEBER, G. W. EGMONT, ESQ., 4, Fenchurch Avenue, E.G.
1883 BIGGE, FRANCIS E., ESQ., Hennapyn, Torquay.
1882 BIRD, W. S., ESQ., 74, New Oxford Street, W.C.
1885 BLACKETT, JOHN STEPHENS, ESQ., C.E., Inverard, Aberfoyle,
N.B.
1882 BLACKMORE, H. P., ESQ., M.D., Blackmore Museum, Salis-
bury.
1896 BLEAZBY, GEO. BARNARD, ESQ., The Prairie* Lahore, India.
1882 *BLiss, THOMAS, ESQ., Montpelier Eoad, Eating, W.
1879 BLUNDELL, J. H., ESQ., 157, Cheapside, E.G.
1896 BOTJLTON, S. B., ESQ., J.P., Copped Hall, Totteridge,
Whetstone, Herts.
1897 BOWCHER, FRANK, ESQ., 77, Brecknock Koad, N.
1892 BOYD, WILLIAM C., ESQ., 7, Friday Street, E.G.
1877 BROWN, G. D., ESQ., Garfield House, Whitstable-on-Sea.
1885 BROWN, JOSEPH, ESQ., C.B.,Q.C., 54, Avenue Eoad, Eegent's
Park, N.W.
1896 BRUUN, M. L. E., 101, Gothersgade, Copenhagen.
1878 BUCHAN, J. S., ESQ., 17, Barrack Street, Dundee.
1889 BUCKLEY, LADY, Plas, Dinas-Mawddwy, Merioneth, Wales.
1884 BUICK, DAVID, ESQ., LL.D., Sandy Bay, Larne Harbour,
Ireland.
3881 BULL, EEV. HERBERT A., Wellington House, Westgate-on-
1897 BURN, EICHARD, ESQ., Allahabad, India.
1881 BURSTAL, EDWARD K., ESQ., M.Inst.C.E., 38, Parliament
Street, Westminster.
1858 BUSH, COLONEL J. TOBIN, 41, Rue de 1'Orangerie, le Havre,
France.
1878 "BUTTERY, W., ESQ. (address not known).
1886 CALDECOTT, J. B., ESQ., Wakefield, Hertford.
1873 CARFRAE, ROBERT, ESQ., F.S.A.Scot., 77, George Street, Edin-
burgh.
1894 CARLYON-BRITTON, CAPT. P. W. P., F.S.A., Bitton House,
Bycullan Avenue, Enfield.
LIST OF MEMBERS. 0
ILECTED
1869 CAVE, LAURENCE TRENT, ESQ., 13, Lowndes Square, S.W.
1886 CHURCHILL, Wm. S., ESQ., 102, Birch Lane, Manchester.
1884 *CLARK, JOSEPH, ESQ., 29, West Chislehurst Park, Eltham,
Kent.
1890 CLARKE, CAPT. J. E. PLOMER, Welton Place, near Daventry,
Northamptonshire.
1891 *CLAUSON, ALBERT CHARLES, ESQ., 12, Park Place Villas,
Maida Hill West, W.
1890 CLERK, MAJOR-GEN. M. G., Bengal Army, c/o Messrs. H. S.
King & Co., 45, PaU Mall, S.W.
1886 CODRINGTON, OLIVER, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., M.E.A.S., 71,
Victoria Eoad, Clapham Common, Librarian.
1877 *Copp, ALFRED E., ESQ., Dampiet Lodge, 103, Worple Eoad,
West Wimbledon, and 36, Essex Street, Strand, Hon.
Treasurer.
1895 COOPER, JOHN, ESQ., Beckfoot, Longsight, Manchester.
1889 COTTON, PERCY H, GORDON, ESQ., 29, Cornwall Gardens, S.W.
1874 CREEKE, MAJOR ANTHONY BUCK, Westwood, Burnley.
1886 *CROMPTON-EOBERTS, CHAS. M., ESQ., 16, Belgrave Square,
S.W.
1882 CROWTHER, EEV. G. F., M.A., Grenfell Eoad, Netting
Hill, W.
1875 CUMING, H. SYER, ESQ., F.S.A.Scot., 63, Kenningtou Park Road,
S.E.
1884 DAMES, M. LONGWORTH, ESQ., C.S., M.E.A.S., Deputy Com-
missioner, Ferozepore, Punjab.
1891 DATJGLISH, A. W., ESQ., 54, Leinster Square, W.
1878 DAVIDSON, J. L. STRACHAN, ESQ., M.A., Balliol College,
Oxford.
1884 DAVIS, WALTER, ESQ., 23, Suffolk Street, Birmingham.
1888 DAWSON, G. J. CROSBIE, ESQ., M.Inst.C.E., F.G.S., F.S.S.,
May Place, Newcastle, Staffordshire.
1897 DAY, EGBERT, ESQ., F.S A., M.E.I.A., Myrtle Hill House,
Cork.
1890 DBICHMANN, HERR CARL THEODOR, Cologne, Germany,
6 LIST OF MEMBERS.
EL1CTKD
1886 *DEWICK, EEV. E. S., M.A., F.S.A., 26, Oxford Square, Hyde
Park, W.
1888 DICKINSON, EEV. F. BINLEY, M.A., Manor House, Ottery St.
Mary.
1889 DIMSDALE, JOHN, ESQ., Bushey Eough, Dover.
1886 DORMAN, JOHN WM., ESQ., B.A., C.E., Demerara Eailway,
Manager's Office, Georgetown, Demerara.
1868 DOUGLAS, CAPTAIN R. J. H., Junior United Service Club,
Charles Street, St. James's, S.W.
1861 DRYDEN, SIR HENRY, BART., Canon's Ashby, Byfield, North-
ampton.
1893 DUDMAN, JOHN, ESQ., JTJN., EosslynHill, Hampstead, N.W.
1893 ELLIOTT, E. A. ESQ., 41, Holland Park, W.
1893 ELLIS, LIEUT. -CoL. H. LESLIE, Yeomanry House, Bucking-
ham.
1895 ELY, TALFOURD, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 73, Parliament Hill
Eoad, Hampstead, N.W.
1888 ENGEL, M., ARTHUR, 66, Eue de 1'Assomption, Paris.
1879 ERHARDT, H., ESQ., 9, Bond Court, Walbrook, E.G.
1872 EVANS, ARTHUR J., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., Ashmolean Museum,
Oxford.
1849 EVANS, SIR JOHN, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.,
Corr. de 1'Inst., Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead, President.
1892 *EVANS, LADY, Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead.
1861 EVANS, SEBASTIAN, ESQ., LL.D., Combe Lea, Hawthorn Road,
Bickley.
1886 FAY, DUDLEY B., ESQ., 53, State Street, Boston, Mass.,
U.S.A.
1894 FOSTER, JOHN ARMSTRONG, ESQ., "Chestwood," near Barn-
staple.
1891 Fox, H. B. EARLE, ESQ., 42, Eue Jouffroy, Paris.
1868 FRENTZEL, RUDOLPH, ESQ., 96, Upper Osbaldieton Eoad, Stoke
Newington, N.
1882 *FRESHFIELD, EDWIN, ESQ., LL.D., F.S.A., 5, Bank Build-
ings, E.G.
LIST OF MEMBERS. 7
KLKCTRD
1896 *FRY, CLAUDE BASIL, ESQ., 32, Lansdowne Eoad, Notting-
Hill, W.
1897 GANS, LEOPOLD, ESQ., 126, Market Street, Chicago, U.S.A.
1871 GARDNER, PROF. PERCY, Litt.D., F.S.A., 12, Canterbury Eoad,
Oxford.
1889 GARSIDE, HENRY, ESQ., Burnley Eoad, Accrington.
1894 GOODACRE, H., ESQ., 21, Portsea Place, W.
1883 GOODMAN, T. W., ESQ., Clifton Lodge, 155, Haverstock Hill,
N.W.
1885 GOSSET, MAJOR-GEN. MATTHEW W. E., C.B., Island Bridge
House, Phoenix Park, Dublin.
1891 *GRANTLEY, LORD, F.S.A., Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor
Gardens, S.W., Vice-President.
1865 GREENWELL, REV. CANON, M.A., F.E.S., F.S.A., Durham.
1894 GRISSELL, HARTWELL D., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 60, High
Street, Oxford.
1871 GRTJEBER, HERBERT A., ESQ., F.S.A., Assistant-Keeper of
Coins, British Museum, Hon. Secretary.
1893 HANKIN, A. W., ESQ., Hatfield, Herts.
1896 HAVERFIELD, F. J., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., Christ- Church,
Oxford.
1864 HEAD, BARCLAY VINCENT, ESQ., D.C.L., Ph.D., Keeper of
Coins, British Museum, Hon. Secretary.
1886 *HENDERSON, JAMES STEWART, ESQ., F.E.G.S., M.E.S.L.,
M.C.P., 7, Hampstead Hill Gardens, N.W.
1880 HEYWOOD, NATHAN, ESQ., 3, Mount Street, Manchester.
1892 HEWITT, EICHARD, ESQ., 28, Westbourne Gardens, W.
1893 HILBERS, THE YEN. G. C., St. Thomas's Eectory, Haverford-
west.
1893 HILL, GEORGE FRANCIS, ESQ., M.A., British Museum.
1873 HOBLYN, EICHARD A., ESQ., F.S.A., 30, Abbey Eoad, St.
John's Wood, N.W.
8 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1895 HODGE, EDWARD G., ESQ., F.S.A., 13, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.
1895 HODGE, THOMAS, ESQ., 13, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
1889 HODGES, GEORGE, ESQ., Thornbury, Gloucestershire.
1877 HODGKIN,T., ESQ., D.C.L., F.S.A., Benwelldene, Newcastle.
1878 HOWORTH, SIR HENRY H., K.C.I.E., M.P., F.E.S., F.S.A.
M.E.A.S., 30, Collingham Place, Earl's Court, S.W.,
Vice- President.
1883 HUBBARD, WALTER R., ESQ., 9, Broomhill Avenue, Partick,
Glasgow.
1885 HUGEL, BARON F. VON, 4, Holford Road, Hampstead, N.W.
1897 HUTH, REGINALD, ESQ., 32, Phillimore Gardens, Ken-
sington, W.
1892 INDERWICK, F. A., ESQ., Q.C., F.S.A., 8, Warwick Square,
S.W.
1883 *IONIDES,CONSTANTINE ALEXANDER, ESQ., 23, Second Avenue,
West Brighton.
1872 JAMES, J. HENRY, ESQ., Kingswood, Watford.
1879 *JEX-BLAKE, THE VERY REV. T. W., D.D., F.S.A., Deanery,
Wells.
1880 JOHNSTON, J. M. C., ESQ., The Yews, Grove Park, Camber-
well, S.E.
1843 JONES, JAMES COVE, ESQ., F.S.A., Loxley, Wellesbourne, War-
wick.
1873 KAY, HENRY CA.SSELS, ESQ., 11, Durham Villas, Kensington,
W.
1873 KEARY, CHARLES FRANCIS, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., Savile Club,
Piccadilly, W.
1874 *KENYON, R. LLOYD, ESQ., M.A., Pradoe, WestFelton, Salop.
1884 KING, L. WHITE, EsQ.,I.C.S., Deputy Commissioner, Kohat,
Pan jab, India.
1891 KIRKALDY, JAMES, ESQ., 68, East India Road, E,
1876 KITCHENER, GEN. SIR H. H., Pasha, K.C.M.G., C.B.,
A.D.C., care of Messrs. Cox & Co., Charing Cross, S.W.
LIST OF MEMBERS. 9
ELECTED
1884 *KiTT, THOS. W., ESQ., 23, Winslade Eoad, Brixton, S.W.
1879 KRUMBHOLZ, E. 0., ESQ., Alcester House, Wallington, Surrey.
1883 *LAGERBERG, M., ADAM MAGNTJS EMANTJEL, Chamberlain of
H.M. the King of Sweden and Norway, Director of the
Numismatic Department, Museum, Gottenburg, and
R&da, Sweden.
1864 *LAMBERT, GEORGE, ESQ., F.S.A., 10, Coventry Street, W.
1888 *LAMBROS, M., J. P., Athens, Greece.
1871 *LANG, SIR ROBERT HAMILTON, The Grove, Dedham, Essex.
1881 LATCHMORE, F., ESQ., High Street, Hitchin.
1877 LAWRENCE, F. G.,EsQ., Birchfield, Mulgrave Road, Sutton,
Surrey.
1897 LAWRENCE, H. W., ESQ., 37, Belsize Avenue, N.W.
1885 *LAWRENCE, L. A., ESQ., 37, Belsize Avenue, N.W.
1883 *LAWRENCE, RICHARD HOE, ESQ., 31, Broad Street, New York.
1871 *LAWSON, ALFRED J., ESQ., Smyrna.
1892 LEWIS, PROF. BUNNELL, M.A., F.S.A., Queen's College, Cork.
1862 LINCOLN, FREDERICK W., ESQ., 69, New Oxford Street, W.C.
1863 LONGSTAJTE, W. HILTON DYER, ESQ., 4, Catherine Terrace,
Gateshead.
1887 Low, LYMAN H., ESQ., 36, West 129th Street, New York,
U.S.A.
1893 LUND, H. M., ESQ., Makotuku, New Zealand.
1885 *LYELL, A. H., ESQ., F.S.A., 9, Cranley Gardens, S.W.
1895 MACDONALD, GEO., ESQ., M.A., The University, Glasgow.
1887 MACKERELL, C. E., ESQ., Dunningley, Balham Hill, S.W.
1858 MADDEN, FREDERIC WILLIAM, ESQ., M.R.A.S., Holt Lodge,
86, London Road, Brighton.
1895 MARSH, WM. E., ESQ., 16, Blythe Hill, Catford, S.E.
1897 MARTIN, A. TRICE, ESQ., Redborough House, Perceval Road,
Clifton, Bristol.
1897 MARTIN, DR. BERKELEY, Etal House, Sunderland.
1876 MASON, JAS. J., ESQ., Maryfield Villa, Victoria Road, Kirk-
caldy.
10 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1896 MASSEY, LIEUT.-COL. W. J. ETTRICK, 8, The Avenue, Upper
Norwood, S.E.
1880 *MATTDE, EEV. S., The Vicarage, Hockley, Essex.
1889 MAYLER, W., ESQ., Middleton Lodge, Alsager, Cheshire.
1868 MCLACHLAN, R. W., ESQ., 55, St. Monique Street, Montreal,
Canada.
1897 MILNE, J. GRAFTON, ESQ., M.A., Mansfield House, Canning
Town, E.
1887 MINTON, THOS. W., ESQ., Chase Hidings, Enfield.
1887 MITCHELL, E. C., ESQ., (care of Messrs. H. S. King & Co.,
65, Cornhill).
1888 MONTAGUE, L. A. D., ESQ., Penton, near Crediton, Devon.
1879 MORRLESON, MAJOR H. WALTERS, E.A., 7, Esplanade, Ply-
mouth.
1885 MURDOCH, JOHN GLOAG, ESQ., Huntingtower, The Terrace,
Camden Square, N.W.
1894 MURPHY, WALTER ELLIOT, ESQ., 93, St. George's Road,
Pimlico, S.W.
1893 NAPIER, PROF. A. S., M.A., Ph.D., Hedington Hill, Oxford.
1890 NEALE, C. MONTAGUE, ESQ., 38, Tierney Road, Streatham
Hill, S.W.
1864 NECK, J. F., ESQ., care of Mr. F. W. Lincoln, 69, New
Oxford Street, W.C.
1892 NEIL, R. ALEXANDER, ESQ., M.A.. Pembroke College, Cam-
bridge.
1880 NELSON, RALPH, ESQ., 55, North Bondgate, Bishop Auck-
land.
1891 NERVEGNA, M., G., Brindisi, Italy.
1884 NUTTER, M.A JORW., Rough Lee, Accrington.
1897 *0'HAGAN, HENRY OSBORNE, ESQ., A14, The Albany,
Piccadilly, W.
1885 OLIVER, E. EMMERSON, ESQ., M.R.A.S., M.Inst.C.E.,
Secretary to Government, P.W.D., Lahore, Panjab, India.
1882 OMAN, C. W. C., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., All Souls' College,
Oxford.
LIST OF MEMBERS. 11
ELECTED
1890 PAGE, SAMUEL, ESQ., Han way House, Nottingham.
1890 PATON, W. E., ESQ., Mitylene, Turkey in Asia.
1896 *PEARSON, G., ESQ., J.P., Brickendonbury, Hertford.
1882 *PECKOVER, ALEX., ESQ., F.S.A., F.L.S., F.E.G.S., Bank
House, Wisbech.
1896 PEERS, 0. E., ESQ., M.A., Harrow Weald Yicarage, Stanmore,
Middlesex.
1894 PERRY, HENRY, ESQ.. Middleton Mount, Eeigate.
1862 *PERRY, MARTEN, ESQ., M.D., Spalding, Lincolnshire.
1888 PINCHES, JOHN HARVEY, ESQ., 27, Oxenden Street, Hay-
market.
1882 PIXLEY, FRANCIS W., ESQ., F.S.A., 23, Linden Gardens, W.
1861 POLLEXFEN, REV. JOHN H., M.A., F.S.A., Middleton Tyas,
Richmond, Yorkshire.
1881 POWELL, SAMUEL, ESQ., Ivy House, Welshpool.
1887 PREVOST, AUGUSTUS, ESQ., B.A., F.S.A., 79, Westbourne
Terrace, W.
1897 PRICE, F. G. HILTON, ESQ., F.S.A., F.Q-.S., 17, Collingham
Gardens, S.W.
1878 PRIDEAUX, COL. W. F., C.S.I., F.E.G.S., M.E.A.S.,
Kingsland, Shrewsbury.
1896 PROPERT, A., ESQ., 99, Gloucester Place, Portman Square.
1887 EANSOM, W., ESQ., F.S.A., F.L.S., Fairneld, Hitchin, Herts.
1893 EAPHAEL, OSCAR C., ESQ., BankhaU Engine Works, Sand-
hills, Liverpool.
1890 EAPSON, E. J., ESQ., M.A., British Museum, W.C.
1848 EASHLEIGH, JONATHAN, ESQ., Menabilly, Par Station,
Cornwall.
1887 READY, W. TALBOT, ESQ., 55, Eathbone Place, W.
1882 EICHARDSON, A. B., ESQ., F.S.A. Scot., 16, Coates Crescent,
Edinburgh.
1890 EICKETTS, ARTHUR, ESQ., 16, Upper Grange Eoad, Old
Kent Eoad, S.E.
1895 EIDGEWAY, PROFESSOR W., M.A., Fen Ditton, Cambridge.
1876 *EOBERTSON, J. D., ESQ., M.A., 6, Park Eoad, Eichmond
Hill, Surrey.
12 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1889 EOME, WILLIAM, ESQ., C.C., F.S.A., F.L.S., Oxford Lodge,
Wimbledon Common.
1862 ROSTRON, SIMPSON, ESQ., 1, Hare Court, Temple.
1896 *EoTH, BERNARD, ESQ., J.P., Wayside, Preston Park,
Brighton.
1872 *SALAS, MIGUEL T., ESQ., 247, "Florida Street, Buenos Ayres,
1877 *SANDEMAN, LIEUT.-COL. JOHN GLAS, F.S.A., 24, Cambridge
Square, Hyde Park, W.
1875 SCHINDLER, GENERAL A. H., care of Messrs. W. Dawson
and Son, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.
1895 SELBY, HENRY JOHN, ESQ., The Yale, Shortlands, Kent.
1890 SELTMANN, E. J., EsQ.,Whitgift, Grange Eoad, Sutton, Surrey.
1891 SERRTJRE, M., RAYMOND, 19, Eue des Petits Champs, Paris.
1889 SIDEBOTHAM, E. J., ESQ., M.B.,Erlesdene, Bowdon, Cheshire.
1896 SIMPSON, C. E., ESQ., Huntriss Eow, Scarborough.
1893 *SiMS, E. F. M., ESQ., 12, Hertford Street, Mayfair, W.
1896 SINHA, KUMVAR KusHAL PAL— RAis OF KOTLA, Kotla, Agra,
India.
1887 SMITH, H. P., ESQ., 256, West 52nd Street, New York.
1883 SMITH, R. HOBART, ESQ., 542, West 150th Street, New
York.
1866 SMITH, SAMUEL, ESQ., JuN.,25, Croxteth Road, Prince's Park,
Liverpool.
1890 SMITH, W. BERESFORD, ESQ., Kenmore, Yanbrugh Park
Eoad West, Blackheath.
1892 SMITH, YINCENT A., ESQ., Gorakhpur, N.W.P., India.
1881 SMITHE, J.DOYLE, ESQ., F.G.S., Ecclesdin, Upper Norwood.
1890 *SPENCE, C. J., ESQ., South Preston Lodge, North Shields.
1867 SPICE R, FREDERICK, ESQ., Hillside, Prestwich Park, Prestwich,
Manchester.
1887 SPINK, C, F., ESQ., 17, Piccadilly, W,
1894 SPINK, SAMUEL M., ESQ., 2, Gracechurch Street, E.G.
1890 STAMFORD, CHARLES G. THOMAS-, ESQ., 3, Ennismore
Gardens, S.W.
LIST OF MEMBERS. 13
ELECTED
1893 STOBART, J. M., ESQ., Glenelg, 4, Routh Eoad, Wandsworth
Common, S.W.
1889 STORY, MAJOR-GEN. VALENTINE FREDERICK, The Forest,
Nottingham.
1869 *STREATFEILD, REV. GEORGE SIDNEY, Vicarage, Streatham
Common, S.W.
1896 STRIDE, ARTHUR LEWIS, ESQ., J.P., Bush Hall, Hatfield.
1894 STROEHLIN, M., P. C., 86, Route de Chene, Geneva, Switzer-
land.
1864 *STUBBS, MAJOR-GEN. F. W., E.A., M.E.A.S., 2, Clarence
Terrace, St. Luke's, Cork, Ireland.
1875 STUDD, E. FAIRFAX, ESQ., Oxton, Exeter.
1893 STURT, LIEUT. -CoL. R. N., 2nd Panjab Infantry, Edwardes-
abad, Panjab, India.
1870 SUGDEN, JOHN, ESQ., Dockroyd, near Keighley.
1885 SYMONDS, HENRY, ESQ., 30, Bolton Gardens, South Ken-
sington, S.W.
1896 *TAFFS, H. W., ESQ., 88, Herbert Road, Plumstead, S.E.
1879 TALBOT, MAJOR THE HON. MILO GEORGE, R.E., 2, Paper
Buildings, Temple, E.G.
1897 TALBOT, W. S., ESQ., C. S. Settlement Offices, Jhelum,
Panjab, India.
1888 TATTON, THOS. E., ESQ., Wythenshawe, Northenden, Cheshire.
1892 *TAYLOR, R. WRIGHT, ESQ., F.S.A., 8, Stone Buildings,
Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
1887 TAYLOR, W. H., ESQ., The Croft, Wheelwright Road,
Erdington, near Birmingham.
1887 THAIRLWALL, T. J., ESQ., 12, Upper Park Road, Haverstock
HiU, N.W.
1880 *THEOBALD, W., ESQ., Budleigh Salterton, S. Devon.
1896 THOMPSON, HERBERT, ESQ., 35, Wimpole Street, W.
1896 THORBURN, HENRY W., ESQ., Cradock Villa, Bishop Auck-
land.
1888 THURSTON, E., ESQ., Central Government Museum, Madras.
14 LIST OF MEMBERS.
KLKCTKD
1895 TILLSTONE, F. J., ESQ., c/o F. W. Madden, Esq , Brighton
Public Library, Royal Pavilion, Brighton.
1894 TRIGGS, A. B., ESQ., Bank of New South Wales, Yass, New
South Wales.
1880 TRIST, J. W., ESQ., F.S.A., F.S.I., 62, Old Broad Street,
E.G.
1887 TROTTER, LIETJT.-COL. HENRY, C.B., United Service Club.
1874 VERITY, JAMES, ESQ., The Headlands, Earlsheaton, Dewsbury.
1893 VIRTUE, HERBERT, ESQ., 294, City Eoad, E.G.
1874 VIZE, GEORGE HENRY, ESQ., Stock Orchard House, 526,
Caledonian Road, N.
1892 VOST, DR. W., Gonda, Oude, India.
1875 WAKEFORD, GEORGE, ESQ., Knightrider Street, Maidstone.
1883 WALKER, R. K, ESQ., M.A., Trin. Coll. Dub., Watergate,
Meath Road, Bray, Ireland.
1897 WALTERS, FRED. A., ESQ., 37, Old Queen Street, West-
minster, S.W.
1894 WARD, JOHN, ESQ., J.P., F.S.A., Lenoxvale, Belfast,
Ireland.
1889 WARREN, COL. FALKLAND, C.M.G., The Grande Prairie, mA
Duck's Station, Canadian Pacific Railway, British
Columbia.
1887 *WEBER, EDWARD F., ESQ., 58, Alster, Hamburg, Germany.
1885 *WEBER, FREDERIC P., ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., 19, Harley
Street, W.
1883 *WEBER, HERMANN, ESQ., M.D., 10, Grosvenor Street,
Grosvenor Square, W., Vice-President.
1884 WEBSTER, W. J., ESQ., c/o Messrs. Spink, 17, Piccadilly,
W.
1883 WHELAN, F. E., ESQ., 6, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.
1869 *WiGRAM, MRS. LEWIS (address not known).
1881 WILLIAMSON, GEO. C., ESQ., F.R.S.L., The Mount, Guild-
ford, Surrey.
1869 WINSER, THOMAS B., ESQ., 81, Shooter's Hill Road, Blackheath,
S.E.
LIST OF MEMBERS. 15
ELECTED
1868 WOOD, HUMPHREY, ESQ., F.S.A., Chatham.
1860 WORMS, BARON GEORGE DE, F.B.G.S.,F.S.A., M.E.S.L., F.G.S.,
D.L., J.P., 17, Park Crescent, Portland Place, W.
1883 WRIGHT, KEY. WILLIAM, D.D., Woolsthorpe, 10, TheAvenue,
Upper Norwood, S.E.
1880 WROTH, W. W., ESQ., F.S.A., British Museum, Foreign
Secretary.
1885 WYON, ALLAN, ESQ., F.S.A., F.S.A.Scot., 2, Langham
Chambers, Portland Place, W.
1889 YEATES, F. WILLSON, ESQ., 15, Cleveland Gardens, Hyde
Park, W.
1880 YOUNG, ARTHUR W., ESQ., 12, Hyde Park Terrace, W.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
KLBCTBD
1891 BABELON, M. ERNEST, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
1862 BARTHELEMY, M. A. DE, 9, Eue d'Anjou, Paris.
1882 CHABOUILLET, M. A., Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
1881 DANNENBERG, HERR H., Berlin.
1893 GNECCHI, SIGR. FRANCESCO, Milan.
1886 HERBST, HERR C. F., Director of the Museum of Northern
Antiquities and Inspector of the Coin Cabinet, Copenhagen.
1886 HILDEBRAND, DR. HANS, Eiksantiquarien, Stockholm.
1873 IMHOOF-BLTJMER, DR. F., Winterthur, Switzerland.
1893 JONGHE, M. le Vicomte B. de, Brussels.
1878 KENNER, DR. F., K. K. Museum, Vienna.
1893 LOEBBECKE, HERR A., Brunswick.
1878 MOMMSEN, PROFESSOR DR. THEODOR, Berlin.
16 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED f ••
1895 EEINACH, M. THEODORE, 26, Eue Murillo, Paris.
1896 EODGERS, C. J., ESQ., 106, Hall Eoad, Handsworth,
Birmingham.
1865 Six, M. J. P., Amsterdam.
1891 SVORONOS, M. J. N., Conservateur du Cabinet des Medailles,
Athens.
1881 TIESENHAUSEN, PROF. W., Pont de la Police, 17, St. Peters-
burg.
1886 WEIL, DR. EUDOLF, Konigliche Museen, Berlin.
MEDALLISTS
OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
1883 CHARLES EOACH SMITH, ESQ., F.S.A.
1884 AQTJILLA SMITH, ESQ., M.D., M.E.I.A.
1885 EDWARD THOMAS, ESQ., F.E.S.
1886 MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, C.S.I., C.I.E.
1887 JOHN EVANS, ESQ., D.C.L., LL.D., F.E.S., P.S.A. (in gold).
1888 DR. F. IMHOOF-BLUMER, of Winterthur.
1889 PROFESSOR PERCY GARDNER, Litt.D., F.S.A.
1890 MONSIEUR J. P. Six, of Amsterdam.
1891 DR. C. LUDWIG MULLER, of Copenhagen.
1892 PROFESSOR E. STUART POOLE, LL.D.
1893 MONSIEUR W. H. WADDINGTON, Senateur, Membre de 1'In-
stitut, Paris.
1894 CHARLES FRANCIS KEARY, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A.
1895 PROFESSOR DR. THEODOR MOMMSEN, of Berlin.
1896 FREDERIC W. MADDEN, ESQ., M.E.A.S.
1897 DR. ALFRED VON SALLET, of Berlin.
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
i.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF
HIMERA.
VV — rpov HI — /Aepas.
ON some of the early coins of Himera of Aeginetic
weight, and in a few isolated instances l on didrachms of
the Attic system, bearing on the reverse the badge of
Agrigentum, the crab, certain signs are found which
have been interpreted, more or less definitely, as marks
of value. They consist in letters or globular marks, the
latter, as a rule, occurring singly. Only on one coin more,
viz., six, are known to occur, arranged in a star-like pat-
tern like this •"•"• 2 Soutzo affirms that the dot on these
coins is the sign of value for the litra.3 The six dots
would on this assumption denote a value of six litrae —
that is, according to him, litrae of bronze, not silver, for
1 Gabrici, Topografia e numismatica delV antica Imem, p. 36,
No. 56.
2 Vide op. cit., p. 24, No. 20.
3 M. C. Soutzo, Introduction a V Etude des Monnaies de
V Italic antique, vol. i., p. 79.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. B
Z NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
he expresses himself as follows : 4 — " L'argent occupe en
apparence la premiere place dans la numismatique Sici-
lienne ; nous savons cependant d'une facon certaine que le
bronze etait 1'etalon monetaire veritable de la plus grande
partie de Tile. Aristote nous Tapprend pour Syracuse ;
nous le savons positivement pour Agrigente et Eryx par
1' existence des pieces marquees HEN (pentelitron) et A I
(litra), et nous devons Fadmettre pour toutes les villes
dont les monnaies ont des points ou globules indicatifs de
leur valeur en bronze."
This is no uncertain language, and it asserts, if any-
thing, that the coinage of the Greek cities of Sicily was
really " for good and all " based on, and governed by, the
value of that primitive measure, the Sikel libra, or litra,
weight of copper.
With such a contention I cannot agree, both on general
grounds and for reasons of evidence as afforded by all the
extant Greek Sicilian coins. For wherever several metals
circulate freely as media of exchange, the meaner cannot
determine the value of the more precious, since, in the
nature of things, it would not be sought after. When
gold became sufficiently plentiful in England, it swept the
meaner silver off the board by reason of its superior
advantages as a circulating medium, and now not only
would we not, but we could not return to a silver stan-
dard, unless the credit of the nation be first destroyed.
Rome started her commercial career in very limited mar-
kets with the copper standard. When, with growing
markets, silver was circulated in the form of coin, it
became the dominating power. For although the ever-
diminishing copper piece continued to be called the " As "
4 Op. cit., p. 60.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF HIMERA. O
— the Senate trying, for fifty years and more, to rehabili-
tate bronze in some measure — yet it was no longer the
old libral As, but a mere ignominious token.
The proportion in the value of silver and bronze in
Sicily and Italy has been determined as 1 to 250, which
gives to the original, and real, copper litra (the weight
of the normal silver litra being 13 '5 grains) a weight of
(13-5 X 250 =) 3,375 grains. Instead of this normal
weight, we get on the most favourable computation from
the earliest known Sicilian copper coins (those of Himera
of, presumably, the first half of the fifth century) a litra
weight of less than 1,000 grains. As a matter of usage
and tradition, such a coin would be called a litra still. As
a matter of practice Aristotle would have hardly accepted
a lump of copper of the weight of less than 1,000 grains in
exchange for a silver litra. Therefore, the silver litra
governed, not the copper symbol of it. But if we assume
that the six dots on the Himerean drachm are meant to
express six silver litrae, we are confronted by a new
difficulty, for if we multiplied the 13 '5 grains of the nor-
mal silver litra by six, we should get for the Aeginetic
drachm a maximum weight of 81 grains, and this would
fall short of the weight of the heaviest known specimen5
by about 15 grains. In my opinion this ought to be con-
clusive, and if these dots are signs of value, they can only
indicate the six obols of a drachm. But I doubt this,
too, on general grounds, as such marks and similar ones,
though common on archaic coins of various parts of the
Greek world, do not at this early period occur on Sicilian
pieces, and when they do appear later on, they are under-
stood to stand in relation to the litra, not the obol.
5 Gabrici, op. cit., p. 23, No. 12.
4 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
I have, however, read about a fall in the weight of
the silver litra during the fifth century, and if there really
was such a fall, I see nothing to prevent us from infer-
ring that it may have begun earlier, and that the
Aeginetic drachm may, after all, have been equal to six
of those earlier and heavier litrae. I quote Imhoof-
Blumer on this point.6 Speaking of one of the earliest
known specimens of a silver litra of Agrigentum, with
the rare legend AIT (retrograde), in place of the usual
Al, he writes as follows : — " Au lieu des lettres Al et I A,
dont d'autres petites pieces du meme genre sont inscrites,
celle-ci qui parait un peu plus ancienne, porte la legende
plus complete AIT, ecrite en sens retrograde, pour
Xirpa- Le poids de cette monnaie atteint presque celui de
la litre Sicilienne normale, de gr. 0*87. La plupart des
autres pieces pesent sensiblement nioins, ce qui prouve
que le rapport de Pargent au cuivre avait change et que
la litre en argent avait ete diminuee jusqu'au poids de
1'obole, gr. 0'67, et meme de 1'hemiobole, gr. 0'33."
I cannot accept this theory. True, litrae differ much
in weight (as do obols and other small fractional pieces),
and occasionally, instead of being too light, they are found
of too heavy a weight.
All are agreed that the little silver coins of the Sikel
towns are litrae. Yet we find such pieces of Morgantia, and
of a later date, too, than this signed litra of Agrigentum,
weighing sometimes considerably more than 13*5 grains.7
These tiny coins, produced wholesale for trifling every-
day transactions, leave naturally much to be desired in
the matter of exact weight, as the mints were, evidently,
6 Monnaies Grecques, p. 14.
7 Brit. Mus. Cat., Sicily, p. 114, Nos. 5 and 6.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF HIMERA. 0
content to get a certain number out of a certain
amount of metal at a rough average of weight for
each piece. Despite such accidental irregularities, the
silver litra did preserve a permanently fixed standard, for
have we not for a real test the steadily maintained weight
of its multiples, the twenty, the ten, and the five-litra
pieces ? And if it be objected that these coins did not
diminish, because they were struck on the Attic standard
as well, I point (while not admitting the validity of the
objection) to the issues of later times (some of them quite
different from customary multiples of the Attic system),
and their steadily maintained ratio to the litra unit.8
"We now turn our attention to some of the letters that
appear on early coins of Himera. Of these v V (or inverted
VV and VV)j are perhaps most commonly found, and
they have been supposed to stand for the initial of ViTRA
with a numeral (V) after it. At least, in no other way
can I interpret what Gabrici says: 9 — " Si puo affermare
pero con una certa sicurezza che il segno V indichi
sulle dramme la litra . . . 1'altro segno V indichera
quante volte essa era ripetuta per fare 1'equivalente di
una dramma eginetica." He gives no opinion, it is true,
as to the meaning of the supposed numeral. But if he
has not made up his mind, I do not hesitate to say that —
always supposing it to be a numeral — it could be none
other than the so-called "Roman" five. The Etruscans
and other native Italian races seem to have employed, from
early times, the sign V to denote five, and the Sikels, in
crossing from Italy, doubtless introduced it into Sicily.
The reason for the meaning of this particular sign does
8 Head, " Coins of Syracuse," Num. Chron.< 1874, p. 80.
9 Op. cit., p. 33.
6 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
not seem far to seek, and as it differs from the cus-
tomary explanation, I would take this occasion to mention
it. It is usually supposed that the Roman ten resulted
from the method of parcelling units to the number of ten
by means of crossing strokes, like this : HJftSffl, the sign for
five being produced by bisection of the crossing strokes.
As all are agreed that the lowest numerals are digital
pictures, it seems to me more consistent, as well as more
simple and natural, to see in the sign for the five an out-
lined picture of the whole hand, as indicated by the direc-
tion of the thumb and little finger, converging thus : >/•
The sign for ten is, accordingly, a double hand, one above
the other and joined by the wrists. Doubtless, these signs
are one of the earliest efforts of the mind in the direction
of writing and may, in their character of digital marks,
have preceded the earliest Italian alphabet by long ages,
notched, perhaps, by the savage on a stick, or impressed
by his hand into a lump of soft clay from the ground at
his feet.
If, then, V means V ITRA on our coins, V as a numeral
can, it may be confidently asserted, only stand for five.
But by this assumption we should only add to a previous
metrological difficulty, since five litrae of maximum
weight will produce a multiple of but 67*5 grains.
On some coins we find the letter V alone. Of these
Gabrici says : 10 " II segno V non esprime il valore della
moneta, ma soltanto il rapporto di essa con la litra, rapporto
gia riconosciuto negli scambi commerciali e che non
occorreva piu indicare." (The italics are mine.)
But, surely, the line must be drawn somewhere, for
proceeding on this plan one may arrive at any conclusion,
10 Op. cit. p. *3.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF H1MERA. 7
and it might be contended just as well that, for example,
certain silver pieces of Ephesus, bearing the words
APAXMH and AIAPAXMON, are neither the one nor
the other, but have been so inscribed to indicate that they
stand in a certain relation to drachms and didrachms. I
can, therefore, only accept the interpretation of the letter
" au pied de la lettre." But read as V ITRA there is no
meaning in it in view of the weight of the coin, and a
different explanation must be found, if possible. And if
V has another meaning for the drachm, the same must be
presumed of it when it is found on a small coin, an obol,
of the same issue.11
There are other varieties of signs to be mentioned in
their places.
My interest in the subject was stimulated by the acqui-
sition of several coins with some of these puzzling marks
and letters. One is marked with V above the neck of the
cock. Lower down, and quite unconnected with this
letter, there appears a well-raised globular mark, almost
resembling a knob or boss, very close to the back of the
bird where the tail feathers join the body. On another
coin, which is in excellent preservation, the letters V V can
be read very plainly in front of the cock's breast, and
behind the bird, a little higher up, HI — the first two
letters of Himera. By this word or name we should not
understand the city, but rather the nymph of the spring
whom we find, at a later stage, invariably represented on
the tetradrachms and didrachms accompanied, sometimes,
by the legends IMERA (retrograde) or ^OTHR.
On a drachm of the Aeginetic, and on a few didrachms
of the Attic standard there occurs the legend IATON.
11 Gabrici, op. cit., p. 25, No. 25.
8 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This has been explained by Kinch and myself 12 in the sense
of " the cured," some such word as avaOrjjJLa being under-
stood, and Head favours this view.13 I would now submit
that we have in these unexplained letters part of the
omitted word, viz. of \vrpov, or (in the more usual plural
form) Xvrpa, " ransom " or " expiatory offerings," and I
will try to show how far this is supported by the evidence
of extant coins. But I wish to say at the outset that
there is an inherent difficulty in my way, caused by the
indistinctness and uncertainty of many signs, for the sur-
face of these coins, notably of the obverse, is often very
rough and covered with lumpy marks and striae, owing,
presumably, to the primitive method of coming and the
comparative thinness of the metal discs. In the first issue
on the Attic standard, when the process had improved and
the flan had got thicker, these imperfections disappear.
When badly struck coins are somewhat worn, it
becomes doubly difficult to decipher them. Although,
then, there can be no doubt as to the shapes of the letters
which occur more commonly — such as V or V, VV or
VV — in regard to combinations of a more complicated
kind I am, unfortunately, obliged to give my readings
with some reserve.
We find the most complete list of such signs in
Gabrici's exhaustive and excellent work, to which
I have such frequent occasion to refer. In the
place where he gathers them into an orderly and con-
spicuous file,14 I count — omitting, meanwhile, dotted or
globular marks— ten varieties, the one after the tenth
12 Zfitschrift fur Numismatik, vol. xix., pp. 135 and 165, &c.
13 Num. Chron., vol. xiii., p. 233.
M Gabrici, op. cit., p. 33.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OP VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF HIMERA. 9
being a reproduction of the fifth without the dot in the
field of the coin. I take the liberty to reproduce here
these signs in the order adopted by him and number
them for convenient reference :
W v
I • vv • vv • w * v VTV * y * VT ; vv * V
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
No. 5, it will be seen, gives us the initial of
VVTRON, and No. 2 the first two letters. No. 4 is
No. 2 retrograde, while No. 9 is No. 2 with V turned the
other way. Among the remaining six signs there are
some of unmistakably monogramatic character. The com-
binations are, however, primitive, and never go beyond
the attempt of joining two letters into one.
Such monograms on early coins of Himera have been
noticed, and published, some time before the appearance
of Gabrici's work. The most conspicuous among them
(though it is not noticed by him), occurs on a coin in the
British Museum collection,15 viz.: J^. Of course, this
stands for HI ME. The imperfection of the combination
should be noticed, as the bottom stroke of the E is
either entirely wanting, or is (more probably) intended
to be expressed by a part of the divergent central up-
stroke of the M.
The catalogue of the British Museum (No. 6 on
p. 76) gives also this combination : V4,- The sign on
the right is certainly neither V nor T; but it may, I
think, be an attempt to combine both letters, the V being
turned to the left and the T upside down, with the
slanting direction of the cross- stroke continued from left
to right. Thus, with the sign on the left, we get the
15 Brit. Mm. Cat., Sicily, p. 76, No. 4.
VOL. XV IT. THIRD SERIES. C
10 NDM1SMATIC CHRONICLE.
first three letters of VVTRON. Again, we have per-
haps the top stroke of a T, turned upside down, in
Gabrici's No. 3, and this would give us the same solution,
viz. : VVT. Combination No. 10 is from the coin
described under No. 18 of the British Museum Catalogue,
and the monogram is there more correctly given as ^
the upper part of which would seem to consist of VV,
and the lower of VT, which would give VVVT, blun-
dered for VVT. No. 8 is referred to as occurring on a
" corroded specimen " (esemplare corroso). This, of course,
detracts much from the certainty of the reading, if
it does not invalidate it completely. It is also attributed
to No. 21 of the British Museum Catalogue. But the coin
is there differently described (viz., as reading HI ME).
No. 6 I can only find in the text (page 25, No. 26), as
occurring on a coin at Paris and in Imhoof-Blumer's
collection in the form of 1*V (not TV), and this is corro-
borated by the coin as pictured on Plate II., No. 5.
And since the top stroke of an unquestioned T on these
coins (compare it in IATON) is a straight one, I see in
its inclination (^) an attempt to combine V and T in
monogramatic fashion, as in No. 6 of the British Museum
Catalogue already referred to, and with the same reading
resulting therefrom, viz., VVT.
There are now only two signs left, viz., Nos. 1 and 7.
The first may be safely dismissed. It is not a letter, and
has evidently been caused by a little club-shaped lump of
metal adhering to the die. One of my coins shows a flaw
of exactly the same formation. The other combination I
am unable to explain as it stands, unless, indeed, the
lower sign V has been caused by a partial shifting of the
die. From the photographic reproduction (Plate II.,
No. 7), I should say the coin was much worn, and I can
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF HIMERA. 11
only detect VV above the cock. It should, perhaps, be
left out of account.
So much for the letters on these coins. As for the
globular marks which occur singly, and in one instance
to the number of six, I separate them entirely from the
letters, because, although bearing on the same subject,
they are not, in my opinion, connected with them directly.
For, in the first place, they hold a position in the field
of the coin quite distinct from the letters. The latter
are found now on one side of the cock, and now on the
other ; while the single globular mark occupies always
the same position, being put close up to the cock, in the
bend of its back. Thereby it is brought into an inti-
mate relation to the bird offered up to the goddess of the
healing spring, and, without any additional evidence, it
might be fairly assumed that this globule was a sign of
sacrificial import. Perhaps I can support the assumption
by further evidence.
There is an obol of somewhat later times (though
much too early to admit of attribution to Thermae
Himerenses), and of Attic weight, which was sold, not
very long ago, with the Boyne collection of Greek
coins. The sale catalogue, compiled by a competent
expert, describes it thus : " Q over cock to right, and
rev. bearded head of Heracles in square incuse." This
differs from Gabrici's description of the obverse, for he
says : " Gallo stante a dr. sopra <?." I have not been
able to trace the present owner of the coin. But a careful
examination of it on Plate III. (No. 16) of Gabrici's
work shows that the object close to the back of the cock
is not ^>, but 0, as there is absolutely no space for the
down stroke between the circle and the bird. There
appears indeed a very slight connection. This has been
12 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
caused either by an adhesion of the die, or, more pro-
bably, by some hard corrosion and dirt lodging in the
narrow space. Gabrici attributes the issue of the coin
to a monetary alliance between Himera and Croton ;
hence he sees a koppa in this sign. There are yet more
objections to his reading. Koppa with a central dot is
exceedingly rare, and Garrucci gives only two instances,
both on staters of Croton, not on small coins. Nor is the
legend ever found confined to the mere initial of the
city's name (with one exception, which will be accounted
for presently) ; but it consists of two letters at least, and
usually of more.
But although the sign cannot be allowed to be a koppa,
various reasons favour the attribution of the little coin
to Himera and Croton. In the first place, there are
certainly one or two other small pieces which were issued
jointly by these two cities. The types, too, suit both
places. And lastly, Croton in particular has left us
many such " alliance coins." Of these I will mention a
few which possess special interest in connection with
the subject.
1. Diobol. Obv. : Tripod and QPO (mostly retro-
grade). Rev. : Pegasus with curled wings, flying ;
below 5*. The last letter may hardly be supposed to
refer to Croton, since PRO, the customary form of the
legend, appears already on the obverse. It can, in my
opinion, refer only to an alliance between Croton and
Corinth (not necessarily a monetary one), for the reverse
is typically Corinthian.
There exists one coin of this type in the collection of
the British Museum, which has on the obverse only the
letter <? beside the tripod (instead of <?PO). This
appears to be the only instance in which, on a coin of
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF HIMERA. 13
Croton, we find the legend confined to the initial of the
city's name. The irregularity is, I think, satisfactorily
accounted for by assuming that the die-sinker, having
placed the <? (or rather £) on the reverse, repeated it,
unintentionally perhaps, on the obverse die, and in copy-
ing mechanically, he even placed the tail of the letter in
that slanting direction in which it so often appears below
Pegasus (as if he was carrying it along with him in his
swift motion) ; a most unusual thing, as this stroke invari-
ably observes an angle of forty-five degrees to the tripod.
2. Obol. Obv. : Tripod between the letters KP. Rev. :
Hare running to right. Above and below it a circle.
Over the head of the hare, M.
Struck by Croton in alliance with Messana. This
variety with the initial M seems unpublished. The
circles § correspond probably with the sign 0 on our
little coin, of which more presently.
3. Obol. Obv. : Tripod. Rev. : Wingless fulmen,
flanked by double circles with dot in centre : <|$^ (referred
to in the Catalogue of the British Museum as "type of
doubtful meaning ").
We cannot be absolutely certain to which allied city
the reverse type refers. But if we see a thunderbolt in the
central object, I should be inclined to attribute it to the not
distant Locri, on the silver staters of which city the head
of Zeus so constantly appears, accompanied, not unfre-
quently, by a wingless thunderbolt. It is also the reverse
type of another Locrian stater, as well as of bronze coins.
Of course, all these coins date from a later period than
our obol. But if the Locrians of Bruttium claimed Zeus
in a special sense as the guardian of their city (which
we may infer from their coin types), an allusion to the
god on this alliance coin might be looked for. And,
14 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
indeed, we have this very reverse repeated on a rare
Locrian obol, described thus on page 87 of the Historia
Numorum : (Obverse) A — O, eagle with closed wings.
(Reverse) Fulmen between two annulets.
Now, von Fiitze has, in reference to certain coins of
Greece proper, fairly shown that an annulet or circle with
a central dot sometimes16 depicts and indicates the sacrificial
patera.17 This view has been endorsed by Head.18 I
need, therefore, not hesitate to adopt the same explana-
tion of it for the coins in question, and all the less so
because the double annulets with a central dot, such as we
find on one of them, give a much better picture of the
patera than the single circle. These paterae may typify
the ratification of the alliance of the cities by solemn
sacrifice.
As coin No. 2 may be reasonably accepted as an alli-
ance coin, the two circlets, though by chance un-
provided with a central globule, may be understood to
mean the same. Undoubtedly this explanation can be
claimed as reasonable for the sign 0 on the alliance coin
of Himera and Croton with which we are primarily con-
cerned, and retracing my steps along the line of argument
to the dots on early pieces of Aeginetic weight which
16 I say "sometimes," because the same sign undoubtedly
signifies value, when it (as on some copper pieces of Agrigentum
and Segesta, Brit. Mus. Cat., Sicily, p. 17, No. 110 and 112 ;
p. 136, No. 50) takes the place of the ordinary dot. In these
rare cases it may be either a mere ornamental variation, or it
might, not improbably, be intended to suggest sacrifice as well
as value. It should be observed that the marks in one instance
(Sicily, p. 136, No. 50) have been added by subsequent punch-
ing, as if for some special occasion.
17 Zeitsclirift fur Numismatik, vol. xx., part i.
18 Num. Chron., vol. xv., p. 320.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF H1MEHA. 15
invariably occupy precisely the same part of the field of the
coin, I am forced, almost irresistibly, to the conclusion that
they are a somewhat primitive endeavour to depict or
suggest the sacrificial patera, or its central boss in place
of the whole patera.
To propose an explanation for the sign :•.•, I have only
to take another step in the same direction. The plurality
of globules may indicate a greater sacrifice to the goddess
of the spring on some special occasion, while their manner
of disposition, with a central globule, might be intended to
suggest the round of the sacred (friaXrj and its central
Certain early coins of Macedonian cities supply us with a
parallel use of this symbol. On coins of Acanthus, of
Aegae, and of Ichnae we find, indiscriminately, the dotted
and the plain circle with the central globule.19 Since the
latter has been conceded to signify a patera, the conclu-
sion that the former is simply a variation in shape is
obvious and just. Formerly both signs used to be read
as the letter theta. But this view is not supported by the
evidence of the unique tetradrachm of Aenea with the
group of Aeneas, Creusa, Anchises and Ascanius, which
bears the dotted patera as well as the name of the city in
the genitive case.20 The symbol has, here also, been sup-
posed to stand for the initial of a mint-magistrate.
But this seems doubtful to me in view of the extremely
remote period to which this remarkable coin is attributed
(600 to 550 B.C.).
The conclusion arrived at, viz., that single globular
marks on early coins of Himera are not indicative of
19 Zeitschrift fur Numismatik, vol. vii., p. 9.
20 Ib., p. 22l!
16 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
value, may still appear strange and hazardous. Strange,
since such dots have never been, so far as I know,
understood to mean anything else. Hazardous, because I
have hitherto adduced but one coin (the alliance piece of
Himera and Croton) in support of my contention, and
because it might seem unwarranted to attribute several
meanings to one sign.
To deal with the last objection first — there are other
instances of the use of the same object by way of express-
ing different meanings. A triskelis on Sicilian coins
obviously refers to the island under its ancient appellation
of " Trinacria," while on coins from other parts of the
Greek world it is understood as a solar sign. A wheel,
while usually alluding to chariot races, is in some cases
regarded as a symbol of sun-worship.21 A radiate disk
does not always stand for sun or star, for on Greek-Italian
coins we find it used as a sign of value.22 A circle with a
central dot serves as a letter of the alphabet, a mark of
value, and, admittedly, as the picture of a sacrificial vessel.
As regards the second objection (viz., the support of my
contention by the evidence of but one coin), I am able to
bring forward another and surer piece of evidence in the
shape of a coin of Lete from the Berlin collection,23 where
the symbol 0 has taken the place of the pellet so con-
stantly met with on the coins of that town. Von Sallet
remarks judiciously on this occasion : " Das O ist kein
Buchstabe, sondern Symbol, das bekanntlich in jenen
Gegenden haufig vorkommt."
To take these globular marks on coins like those of
21 Num. Chron., 1880, PI. IV., 18 and 19.
12 Brit. Mus. Cat., Italy, p. 82, Nos. 9 to 13.
® Beschreibung der antiken Miinzcn, vol. ii., p. 94, No. 12.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE OX EARLY COINS OF HIMERA. IT
Lete for signs of value is unwarranted, because they
occur in variable numbers on pieces of the same weight.
In order to get over this difficulty, it has been suggested
that the aggregate value of these marks on an individual
coin was not determined by numbers, but size ; in other
words, that three big globules on one stater may be equal
to six small globules on another. I am obliged to say
that this theory failed to convince me as soon as I put it
to the test. It is true that the globules on coins of the
same town do differ perceptibly in size. Thus the six
pellets on the first stater of Lete from the British
Museum Catalogue are remarkably small. Those on the
next are quite double the size ; but their number remains
equal to those on the first coin. If, then, these signs
cannot be judged by size in the light of marks of value, the
proof that they are not indicative of value is complete. And
for the same reason, applied inversely, the pellet on
early Himerean coins cannot be admitted to stand for the
value of the piece, since it occurs singly on the drachm
as well as the obol.24
To the general objection, viz., that globular marks have
always been interpreted as signs of value, I would submit
a general consideration by way of an answer.
When we speak of globules as signs of value, the first
picture presenting itself to our minds (provided we are
interested in Roman as well as in Greek numismatics) is
probably that of a specimen of the aes grave, a handsome
triens or quadrans, for there is here a certainty about
the meaning of these bold marks that cannot be mistaken,
every raised dot being a picture in miniature of the
uncia. The method of expressing by means of dots
21 Gabrici, p. 25, No. 25.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIKS. D
18 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
fractions of the obol and litra on small silver coins and
bronze tokens had been customary with the Greek cities
of Italy and Sicily long before the states of Central Italy
began to cast their heavy bronze pieces. But along with
this system there obtained in these cities another of
marking silver and gold coins, according to which the
single globule expressed the value of that silver piece
which served conveniently for ordinary computations and
transactions. That coin was for Sicily, as well as for
most of the southern cities of Italy, the one which we
may, overlooking numerous but comparatively slight
fluctuations in weight, designate as the stater according
to the standard of Corinth.
To give some examples of either system : — The single
globule, as the stater mark, appears thus on an early
unpublished didrachm of Tarentum in my collection,
being placed behind a female head with a long plait of
hair. Small silver pieces of the same city, though of
later times, are, on the other hand, frequently marked
with dots to denote the number of small bronze tokens
obtainable in exchange for the silver coin. Again, on
most of the small gold pieces of Agrigentum there occur
two dotted marks, indicating that the piece is equal to
two ten-litra pieces or staters ; while on small silver
coins we find the marks of value X and : , viz., five and
two unciae. Similarly, the reverse of a Syracusan silver
tetras of the earlier transitional period bears four dots.
Electrum pieces of the time of Timoleon are marked
with three globules, being equal to three Corinthian
staters, and we meet with the single pellet on some silver
staters of the same period. From such facts it may be
reasonably inferred that, although the silver litra formed
the basis of issue, theoretically and practically, for all
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF HIMERA. 19
Sicilian coins, the ten-litra piece served as the common
coin of account for ordinary transactions down to a com-
paratively late date.
For a limited period, viz., shortly before and after
400 B.C., yet another mode seems to have been adopted,
according to which the single globule indicated the
largest silver coin of a city's issue. I am, of course,
referring to some of the Syracusan fifty-litra pieces by
Evaenetus, and as some of the hundred-litra pieces in
gold are marked with two globules, it can hardly be
doubted that they are in both cases signs of value.
According to the same principle, Evaenetus places this
mark on the reverse of the largest silver coin of Catana,
in this instance only a twenty-litra piece ; viz., the famous
coin on which Nike bears aloft the tablet signed with his
name.
Now there are one or two coins which seem to con-
trovert this theory. One of these is a tetradrachm of
Leontini, presumably struck about 450 B.C., which shows
three small pellets over the lion's head.25 These dots
cannot be interpreted as marks of value, since division
by three of a tetradrachm of Attic weight will, approxi-
mately, produce a drachm of the Aeginetic standard,
abolished in Sicily long before this coin was struck.
Here, then, we have fresh evidence that globular marks
do not necessarily designate the value of a coin. From
the smallness of the dots I would look on them, in this
case, merely as some private mark of a die-engraver.
Another coin that does not seem to fit in with my obser-
vations is the early ten-litra piece of Selinus which, in
some instances, shows two pellets beside the stalk of the
25 Brit. Mm. Cat., Sicily, p. 89, No. 27.
20 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
leaf. If these marks stood for signs of value, the coin
of common account at Selinus must, at that period, have
been the five-litra piece or Attic drachm, not the stater.
This supposition is, I think, rendered improbable by the
circumstance that no drachms are known to have been
struck, but only the stater and small divisions of it.
The pellets on this coin, like others which bear a leaf or
twig, may very well depict the berries or seeds of the
plant.
These general considerations, though containing little,
if anything, new, serve to define my position in regard to
the marks on the Himerean coins, since they show what
these globules cannot be, viz., signs of value. If they
were, we could, whether they be coins of the Aeginetic or
any other standard, in no way account for the circum-
stance, already referred to from another point of view,
that the single pellet occurs both on the large and the
small pieces, as, apart from the contradiction implied
therein, this does not agree with the known methods of
expressing value on Sicilian coins.
I may now be permitted to offer a few general remarks
on the subject of the circle with the central dot.
If some, like Professor Gardner, have recognised in
this object a sign of a solar character, I might say that
I do not — at least, not fundamentally — differ from this
view, as I hold the plain disk-shaped patera, the sacrificial
vessel par excellence, to partake of a cosmic meaning ;
that it is emblematic — just as much as the altar flame —
of those glowing orbs, the adoration of which goes back
beyond the historical records of the olden East.
When the coins of Mallus, Issus, and other cities bring
us into immediate touch with this star worship of the
East, we naturally recognise in circles pictures of these
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF H1MEKA. 21
orbs. Yet, in such cases, they usually occur in conjunc-
tion with wings, which are attached either to the orb or
the figure that bears it. Sometimes the circle is, in addi-
tion, furnished with a starry pattern, changing it, thereby,
into an ordinary solar or astral picture. To take, as an
instance, a well- known coin of Mallus, on which we see a
winged deity holding with both hands a starry disk. He
is usually described as kneeling or — after the manner of
numerous coins of an earlier date — running. It might,
also, be conceived that the whole figure, along with the
disk, is meant to convey the idea of aerial, that is, in the
case of a star, rotatory motion. The god or star seems in the
act of rising from the line of the eastern horizon on which
he still rests with one knee. Grasping the disk firmly,
he appears to seek, and find, his centre of gravity around
which, with opening pinions, he will speed and revolve.
The idea of rising seems more clearly expressed on a rare
stater of Issus depicted on page 145, in the fourth volume
of the Zeitschrift fur Numismatik, and thus described in
the Historia Niimorum : " Half-figure of the god Orinuzd
rising from a winged disk," &c. In this case the disk is
formed by a circle with a central pellet.26 In addi-
tion to the wings there is attached to the orb a spiral-
shaped object, which we find also on some of the staters
of Mallus just referred to, where it is not, however, affixed
to the disk, but to the top of the god's head. I am not
aware that this object has been explained, nor does it
26 A cast in my possession shows that the coin has not been
quite correctly reproduced in the Zeitschrift, inasmuch as the
circle there appears double. It is, however, one broad and well-
raised circular rim, and the hollow part round the central dot is
deeply scooped out, so that the whole presents a very perfect
picture of a round bowl provided with an umbilicated bottom.
22 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
seem easy to offer a satisfactory explanation. We may,
however, look for one in two directions : either, in that of
the appearance and nature of a star, or under the aspect
of its action or motion. In the first direction nothing, so
far as I can see, could be suggested, but that the spiral
might be meant to indicate the train of a comet. But this
idea must, I think, be at once dismissed, as its shape does
not correspond with any of these astral appendages.
Attempting to find a solution in the other direction, there
presents itself the obvious idea that curving lines usually
suggest motion. Especially, I venture to think, would
they express this in conjunction with heavenly bodies.
And this host, as it rises, moves on and sets with diminish-
ing orbits in shortening days, and again enlarging them
as the season of the new year advances, seems to circle
round the earth with a ceaseless spiral motion. Thus,
while the wings attached to the orb on the coin of Issus
convey the idea of movement, the spiral or volute might
be supposed to add that of the order and direction inherent
in that motion.
At any rate it will, I think, be conceded that motion as
such is intended to be expressed by the spiral object, as a
clear and corroborative illustration of this view is fur-
nished by the rare coin of Dicaea No. 1, on Plate I. of the
Numismatic Chronicle for 1893. The obverse type of this
interesting piece consists of a cock, a sun disk, and a
spiral or volute. This, surely, may be interpreted as
" Phoebus Apollo rising with the dawn."
Two volutes are commonly attached to the most typical
emblem of motion, the thunderbolt, on Elian coins ; and
the "disk of Ormuzd," as shown on the coin No. 9 of
Plate V., of the Numismatic Chronicle for 1884, appears to
be provided with two spiral objects. If the above-men-
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALUE ON EARLY COINS OF HIMERA. 23
tioned stater of Issus were in a better state of preserva-
tion, the same winged disk, from which the figure of the
god rises, would probably show the other volute. This
may also apply to the coin of Mallus, as Fig. 3 of Plate
G, of Imhoof-Blumer's Monnaies Grecques shows.
The object ending in a double tendril, which is some-
times found attached to the head of the Sphinx or the
Harpy,27 may be intended simply for a kind of plumed
crest, forming part of the outfit of the fantastic creature,
like the cockscomb on the second head of the Chimaera
on some coins of Sicyon. It differs from the volutes of
the coin types of Issus and Mallus, inasmuch as it seems
to rise in one stem, the top of which divides into a double
volute.
After having gone so far in identifying, by means of the
coin of Issus, the picture of a patera with that of an astral
body, I cannot but regret that I am unable to advance
a step farther. I had hoped to adduce reasons, by means
of the unique coin on page 136 of the catalogue of Mace-
donian coins in the British Museum, since re-attributed
to Gyrene, that the circle with the central pellet, while
yet retaining its significance as an astral sign, might also
partake of the character of the sacrificial vessel. But, on
comparing the original with the picture, I find that the
object in the hand of the winged figure, as shown by the
cut, can hardly, if at all, be perceived. Indeed, I doubt if
it exists.
I may now briefly summarise my views on the subject of
the inquiry thus : The coin figured at the head of this
paper, which bears a cock and the legend V V Ml, conveys
the idea that the bird is an offering to the nymph
27 Num. Chron., 1887, PI. IV., Nos. 23 and 29.
24 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Himera. This meaning is, on some specimens, em-
phasized by the hieratic signet of one globular mark,
and in one case by several, meant to suggest the sacri-
ficial <j)ta\rj, as the emblem of priestly functions.
Professor Curtius28 and others have argued with much
show of reason that the priests were the sole moneyers
and bankers in the earlier stages of Greek civilisation.
It is difficult to define how far this view can be
accepted. But the early coinage of Himera, the invari-
able theme of which is the local cult of the fountain
nymph, seems to point to such an origin.
I would clinch the last argument by pointing out that
we meet with the inscription VA on a didrachm of Cama-
rina, where it appears below the head of Hipparis (Brit.
Mm. Cat., Sicily, p. 37, No. 18). Read from left to right
these letters do not, as far as I can ascertain, suggest any
name that is known to occur on coins. "We must, there-
fore, read them retrograde ; just as we sometimes find the
names of Hipparis and Camarina written from right to
left. The signatures on these coins are those of artists,
not magistrates' names. Now, not only is an artist
AV . . . unknown, but it is reasonably certain that this
coin, like the signed piece with the facing head of Hip-
paris, is by Evaenetus.
All are agreed that these beautiful pieces, pre-eminent
among Sicilian coins, are the direct expression and result
of a local cult, so that I venture to hope I shall not be
thought fanciful in bringing the letters AV or VA into
relation with the votive character of the type by inter-
preting them, here as at Himera, as AV[r^oi/].
E. J. SELTMANN.
28 Num. Chron., 1870, p. 91, &c.
II.
OINOANDA : A NEW GREEK MINT.
(See Plate I.)
ON the northern border of Lykia, about the head-waters
of the rivers Indos and Xanthos, lay a group of three
cities, Balboura, Boubon, and Oinoanda. The district
was originally subject to Kibyra, or rather, the three
towns which I have mentioned went with Kibyra to form
a tetrapolis. But we are told that in 81 B.C., when Mu-
rena suppressed the tyrant Moagetes of Kibyra, he trans-
ferred Balboura and Boubon to Lykia.1 It seems almost
certain that Oinoanda, although not mentioned in this
connection, was transferred at the same time. It lay
nearer to the Lykian border than the other two cities
which are mentioned, and had it not been joined to
Lykia, would have been completely isolated. Further,
inscriptions from Urludja, the site of Oinoanda, prove that
both Oinoanda itself, and also Termessos near Oinoanda,
were members of the Lykian KOLVOV in later times.2
Stephanus Byzantinus s.v. Qlvoavfia has : 7ro\ts AVKLCLS.
Trpwrw KVKICLKWV. TO iQvucov Qivoavbevs.
1 Strabo xiii. 681. The date of Murena's reorganization oi
the district is rightly given by Treuber, Oesck. der Lykier,
p. 174, as 81 B.C., not 84 B.C.
2 The evidence is summed up by Treuber, I. c.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. E
26 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
The reference to the Lykian history of Alexander Poly-
histor, who was a contemporary of Sulla, shows that
Oinoanda was probably Lykian in the first century B.C.
Hitherto, of the three Kibyratic cities, Balboura and
Boubon have been represented by a bronze coinage, but
no issue of any kind has been associated with Oinoanda.
The coin which is now published was struck at Oinoanda,
probably late in the third or early in the second century
B.C., and is of great importance, both as being the sole
representative of the coinage of that city, and as throwing
considerable light on another series of coins with which
we shall presently deal.
Its description is as follows : —
Obv. — Head of Zeus to r., laureate ; behind, sceptre.
. Eagle standing to r>> on winged
thunderbolt; in field, to r., sword and circular
shield combined; to 1., P.
JR. Didrachm. 125'7 grains (8'14 grammes).
pt it]
The style of the work, though very good in its way, is
late, and so too are the forms of the letters ; but the
piece can hardly be placed later than the first half of the
second century. The symbol, consisting of sword and
shield combined, is found elsewhere; for instance, on
the coinage of the Lykian Olympos and Kyaneai, struck
during the period of the league.
Types similar to those of this didrachm occur, not
indeed combined, but separately, on certain bronze coins
of a later date, with the legend TEPMHZZEI1N. The
chief varieties requiring to be mentioned here are : —
OINOANDA : A NEW GREEK MINT. 27
1. Obv. — Head of Zeus to r., laureate ; behind, sceptre.
(Of later style than on the coin of Oinoanda).
Rev.— TEPMHZZEniM. Winged thunderbolt.
[PI. I. 2.]
2. Obv. — Bust of Hermes to r., in petasos ; behind, caduceus.
Rev.— TEPMHZZEHN. Eagle standing to r., on
caduceus.
[PL I. 8.]
In addition to these, it will be useful, before proceeding
further, to mention two other classes of bronze coins : —
3. Obv. — Head of Apollo to r., laureate.
Rev.— TEP or TEPMHZZEflN, sometimes accom-
panied by a monogram. Lyre (kithara).
In fabric the coins of this class resemble No. 1.
[PI. I. 4.]
4. A series reading on the reverse, TEP °l, as follows : —
(a) Obv.— Head of Apollo to r.
Hev.—Ijyie (kithara).
(Imhoof-Blumer, Or. Miinz., No. 547, PI. XI. 9.)
(b) Obv. — Beardless head to r.
Rev. — Horse galloping to r.
(Ibid., No. 548, PI. XI. 8.)
(c) Obv.— Head of Tiberius to r.
Rev. — Horse galloping to 1.
[PI. I. 5.]
All these classes of coins had, until the appearance of
Dr. Imhoof-Blumer's Griechische Munzen in 1890, been
attributed, and naturally, to Termesso*, in Pisidia ;
the letters Ol had occasionally been read 01, and taken
28 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
for a date. Imhoof-Blumer recognised that our fourth,
class belonged to Termessos, near Oinoanda, a colony of
the greater Termessos, which is mentioned by Stephanus
Byzantinus,3 and was known as " Little Termessos."
These four classes of coins are not suited by their fabric
to the Pisidian Termessos. On the other hand, classes
(1) and (2) by their types, and class (4) by its inscrip-
tions, are associated with Oinoanda ; while class (3) by its
types (Head of Apollo, and kithara) would seem to belong
to a member of the Lykian KOIVOV. The evidence is, I
think, strong enough to prove that these classes of coins
must be removed from Great to Little Termessos. The
same course should perhaps be taken with two bronze
coins, of which the description is as follows : —
5. Obv. — Bust of Artemis to r., quiver behind shoulder.
anding
[PI. I. 7.]
Rev. — T€P. Nude male figure (Hermes ?) standing to 1. ;
in 1. chlamys, in r. caduceus (?).
6. Obv. — :Bust of Artemis to r.
liev. — Humped bull to 1., head facing.
[PI. I. 6.]
The fabric and the obverse type of these coins are not
unsuitable to the northern part of the Lykian district,
and it is difficult to connect them with the Pisidian city.
The removal of these coins from the Greater Termessos
has the advantage of leaving that city with a coinage of a
very distinct and homogeneous character, which is typi-
TroXts n«ric)tas. IOTI KOI aXXrj ravrrjs OTTOI/COS Kal
O.VTY) Ht(7t5/as, XfyofJievrj /AtKpa, a>s >) Trporepa fieiijov. Cf. Eusta-
thius ad Dionysii Per. v. 857.
OINOANDA : A NEW GREEK MINT. 29
fied, for the period concerning us, by the specimens
given (PI. I. 8, 9).
Where was this " Little Termessos " to which it is pro-
posed to attribute these coins ? According to Stephanus
it, too, was in Pisidia. But if so, it must at least have
been situated in the extreme west of Pisidia, and on
the northern border of Lykia. For there are at Oinoanda
a number of inscriptions which mention Tepjurjaaeis ol
7iy>o? OtVoa^Eot?, and which make clear two facts : first,
that Oinoanda itself was the political centre of the in-
habitants of Little Termessos; second, that the Ter-
messians were members of the Lykian KOWOV.
Messrs. Holleaux and Paris, who have published the
inscriptions in question,4 are of opinion that Oinoanda
and Little Termessos stood on the same site. But, as
Petersen 5 points out, the site near Urludja is too small
to be divided between two cities. Petersen looks for the
site of Little Termessos in one of the passes over the Erbel
Dagh or Giibele Dagh, on the road from Oinoanda to
Great Termessos. Finally, Heberdey and Kalinka, the
latest visitors to the district,6 claim to have found the
ruins about an hour's journey north of Oinoanda, on the
right bank of the Seidler Tchai, or Xanthos.
These ruins have yielded no inscriptions, in spite of
careful search. The explorers add, " As has been pointed
out in Le Bas-Waddington (Voyage Arch., 1232), the
words of Strabo (xiii., p. 631 : 'fj Se Tep^aao^ cart Hia&iicr]
TToXw // ^laXfora KOL eyyiGTa VTrepKeifjiev^j rrjs Kifivpas)
4 Bull. Corr. Hell, 1886, p. 216.
5 Eeisen in Lykien, ii., p. 178.
6 Bericht iiber zwei tieisen in S.W. Kleinasien. Wien, 1896,
p. 55.
30 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
are excellently suited to this position, although the
author, through a confusion, refers them to Termessos
Major."
The precise position of Little Termessos cannot, how-
ever, be said to be certainly determined. Of the two
communities Oinoanda was doubtless the more important,
although Termessos possessed a Eoule, Demos, and Gerousia
of its own, and was therefore autonomous within certain
limits. Imhoof-Blumer suggests as parallel instances the
combined communities of Plarasa and Aphrodisias, in
Karia, and of Kremna and the Kera'itai, in Pisidia. But
the coins of those communities show by their legends
(HAAPAZEHN KAI A^POAIZIEHN ; KPHMNEHN
KAI KEPAEITJ1N) that the parties occupied equal
positions, and had a common coinage, which does not
seem to have been the case here. In fact the coinages of
Oinoanda and of Little Termessos were, so far as we can
see, quite distinct, though related.
G. F. HILL.
III.
ON A COIN OF HIERAPYTNA, IN CRETE, HITHERTO
WRONGLY ATTRIBUTED.
IN the Revue Numismatique for 1888,1 and subsequently in
his work on Crete,2 M. J. N. Svoronos published a bronze
coin, which he describes as follows : —
Obv. — Head of a goddess to right.
Rev. — PI — A. Date-palm.
The names of various Cretan towns begin with the letters
FIA, viz., Palla, Panormos, Pannona, Pantromatrion, and
Paraesos, and M. Svoronos attributes this coin to Pannona, a
town mentioned by Ptolemy.* And taking the passage of
Scylax,4 Trpos fiopeav avefjiov opos Ka8«rroi/ KOI XifjLrjv ev
avruj 'OXoy? KOL Uav ... to have reference to this, he
undertakes to complete the text by the words, KOI
Tldv(vova TroXt?), inasmuch as, the geographical posi-
tion (TT/JO? fiopiav avepov of Lyttus) agrees with the
position fixed by Ptolemy for Pannona.
But this attribution is not well founded, because, if one
1 1888, p. 870, PI. XVII., No. 6.
2 Num. de la Crete Ancienne, 1890, p. 262, No. 1, PL XXIL,
No. 33.
3 III., 17, 10.
Periplns, p. 47.
32 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
examines attentively the first letter of the coin in ques-
tion, which is given by M. Svoronos in his work,5 it will
be seen that it is not H, but I, as is clearly shown by the
following coin, in every respect similar, in my own col-
lection : —
Obv. — Female head to right.
Rev. — | — A. Date-palm ; border of dots.
The attribution of the coin to Pannona being therefore
untenable, we must look elsewhere for its place of origin,
and I have no hesitation in saying that it is Hierapytna,
in Crete. As an additional indication that this view is
the correct one, I give here the figure of another almost
similar bronze coin belonging to my collection : —
Obv. — Head of Jupiter to left.
Rev. — Date-palm between the letters I — /? , which stand
for 'lop
The Doric form iapo? for tepos is so well known that
it needs no justification. The Cretan town which the
other Greeks called ' lepaTrerpav or *Iepa7rvrvav was evi-
dently called by the Doric Cretans ^lapaTrerpa or
5 PI. XXII., No. 33.
ON A COIN OF HIERAPYTNA, IN CRETE. 33
lapaTTuri/a. Moreover, I think that the spelling of the
name 'le/xnrirn/o, with the letter a is easily discernible also
in the following coin of Hierapytna, which bears the head
of Zeus and a date-palm, exactly as No. 2 : —
Obv. — Head of Zeus to left ; border of dots.
Rev. — Date-palm between the monogram |^P left, and an
aplustre right ; border of dots.
In my opinion the only correct and natural analysis
of this monogram is IAPAF1Y. M. Svoronos reads it
IPAPIY, justifying this reading by a conjecture that
seems improbable. He suggests, that as the Hierapyt-
nians were generally obliged, for want of space on such
bronze coins, to make use of monograms, they likewise,
for want of space, omitted the letter E.6 But it was surely
possible to arrange the monogram in such a way as not to
omit a letter principally indicative of the name.
M. Svoronos further ascribes to Pannona the following
coin,7 a reproduction of which, however, he does not
publish : —
Obv. — Date-palm.
Rev. — PI — A. Date-palm.
But having carefully examined the coin, which is ex-
hibited in the National Numismatic Museum in Athens,
6 Svoronos, Num. de la Crete Ancienne, p. 301.
1 Ib., p. 252, No. 2.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES.
34 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
I cannot admit that the first letter is |"1. Its left limb
is not discernible, and I am rather inclined to suppose
that it is A. But however that may be, the coin cannot
belong to Pannona, and must be ascribed to some other
Cretan town.
With respect to the third coin attributed to Pannona
by M. Svoronos,8 which bears a date-palm on both sides
without any inscription whatsoever, it is, I think, un-
necessary to add anything, considering that the only
ground for this attribution is the type of the coin, which,
it must be observed, is not peculiar to the coins of
Hierapytna, but is to be found also on the coins of other
towns of Crete.
Pannona must, for the present at least, be excluded
from Cretan numismatics.
J. P. LAMBROS.
ATHENS, November, 1896.
8 Svoronos, Num. de la Crete Ancienne, p. 252, No. 3, PL
XXIL, No. 32.
IV.
EAEE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS
IN MY COLLECTION.
(See Plate II.)
[THE following notes on the rare and unpublished Roman
gold coins in his collection were compiled by Mr. Montagu
shortly before his death. They are now published with the
consent of his widow. It is a somewhat touching circum-
stance that not only is this the last numismatic work by our
late Vice-President, but it is probably his last writing of any
kind whatsoever. He was engaged on these notes on the eve
of his illness, and they were found just inside the drawer of
his writing-table as casually thrown in by him.
Mr. Montagu's object was to place on record what had not
been published in Cohen's Monnaies de V Empire Romain, 2nd
edit., which he took as the basis of his descriptions, to correct
any misdescriptions, and to discuss any important points con-
nected with the coins which may not have been previously
noticed.
It is unfortunate that these notes must remain incomplete.
The collection is now dispersed all over Europe, and many fine
specimens, in fact most of the finest and rarest, are now in
America. Those who are acquainted with the excellent Sale
Catalogue of this portion of Mr. Montagu's collection will
notice that he had only succeeded in half accomplishing his
task. The collection numbered in all 1,291 lots, and the last
coin which is noticed here occurs in lot 646. Moreover, a
glance at the Catalogue will show that in the second half there
is a greater proportion of unpublished coins than in the first
half, and amongst these is included his fine series of Medal-
lions, about which he would have written copious notes.
References have been given to the lots in the Sale Cata-
logue, in which the coins occurred, and to these have been
added a plate illustrating the more important pieces. With
these exceptions the notes stand almost precisely as Mr. Mon-
tagu left them.]
36 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
ANTONIA.
1. Obv.—M. ANT. IMP. AVG. III. VIE. E. P. C. M.
E:-A-E'E-AT. Q. P. Head of Mark Antony
tor.
Rev.— CAESAE IMP. PONT. III. VIE. E. P. C.
Head of Octavius to r. 122 grs. [No. 61.] l
On this piece (cf. Babelon,2 50), struck under the authority
of M. Barbatius, one of the quaestors of the army of Lucius
Antonius, the youngest brother of Mark Antony, on the
reconciliation of the latter with Octavius, the die engraver
has most peculiarly misspelt and punctuated the quaestor's
name, which appears as RAEEAT, instead of BAEBAT.
This variety has not been previously described.
2. Obv.— M. ANTONIVS M. F. M. N. AVGVE. IMP.
TIIET (sic}. Head of Mark Antony to r.
Rev.— COS. DIISIG. ITIIE. IIT. TIIET. III. VIE.
E. P. C. Head of Octavia to r. 123£ grs. [No.
63.]
This beautiful coin of excessive rarity at any time, but
unique in its reading of the two I's throughout for E, is
referred to by M. Babelon (No. 70), but as no engraving
of it is given by him, I think it well to include it in my
descriptions. It was formerly in the possession of the
Comte du Chastel, but appears to have been privately
disposed of by him to a dealer before the sale of his coins
in May, 1889. M. A. de Longperier shows, in his
article in the Revue Numismatique, 1856, p. 73, et seqq.,
that towards the end of the Eepublic the double I for the
letter E was in vogue both on inscriptions and coins, and
1 The numbers within brackets refer to the lots in the Sale
Catalogue of this collection.
• Monnaies de la Repullique Romaine, 2 vols., 1885.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 37
Babelon instances the coins of T. Carisius struck in Spain,
bearing the name of the town IIMIIKITA for EMERITA
(see also an article by Bompois, Rev. Num., 1868, p. 75).
It is probable that my piece is the same as that given
by Eckhel (Doct. Num. Vet., vol. vi., p. 46), who states
that it was formerly in the possession of A. Lefroy, an
Englishman, and had been described by Philippo Venuti
in a " small work " published at Leghorn.
3. Obv.— M. ANTONI . M. F. M. N. AYG. IMP. TEET.
Head of Mark Antony to r.
^._COS. ITEE. AESIGN. TEET. III. YIE. E. P. C.
Head of Mark Antony, junior, to r. 122 grs.
[No. 65.] PI. II. 1.
The aureus of this type in the Berlin Museum, de-
scribed by Babelon (No. 92), was, I believe, considered to
be unique until the discovery of my piece, which is in the
finest condition. The legends being very distinct, I am
enabled to correct a slight error in the reading given by
M. Babelon from the former coin. ANTONI should be
substituted for ANTONIYS. The use of the Greek delta
for the Eoman D betrays the Eastern origin of this piece.
4. Obv.— ANT. AYG. III. YIE. E. P. C. Praetorian
sailing galley.
Rev. — LEG. YI. Legionary eagle between two military
ensigns. 124 grs. [No. 54.] Plate II. 2.
This unique coin, included (Lot 69) in the sale of the
collection of the Yicomte de Quelen, May, 1888, was for-
merly in the collection of Prince Hercolani at Bologna.
It was found in the excavations at San Lazzaro, near
Bologna, in 1883 (vide Notizie degli Scam di Antichitd,
February, 1883). Although the silver legionary coins of
38 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Mark Antony are, for the most part, of very common
occurrence, every aureus known is unique of its kind. In
the British Museum is one of the 4th legion, in the Berlin
Museum one of the 14th legion, and Mionnet mentions,
prohably without good grounds, one of the 19th legion.
A false (probably a cast) example of the 21st legion is
mentioned by Babelon, and the only other aureus of any
similar type known is the unique CHORTIVM PRAE-
TORIARYM piece in the British Museum. The slightly
excessive weight of my piece, which is somewhat worn,
may be ascribed to the well-known tendency on the part
of Roman generals to favour their soldiers in that
respect. This was particularly the case in the East,
where most of these pieces must undoubtedly have been
struck.
CORNELIA.
5. Obv. — Laureate head of Jupiter to r.
JRev.—CN. LENTYL (NT in ligature). Eagle, without-
spread wings on a thunderbolt. 121 grs. [No.
15.] Plate II. 3.
This piece, which would appear to belong to Cn. Corn.
Lentulus Marcellinus, was purchased by me at the Bor-
ghesi sale, 1893. Babelon described the type (Cornelia, 57}
from the example in the Bibliotheque Nationale, formerly
in the Modena Cabinet, which he stated to be unique. If
it was struck, as is probable, on the occasion of the war
against Mithridates, it was the only aureus issued at
Rome before Caesar.
JULIA.
6. Obv.—C. CAESAR DICT. PERP. PONT. MAX. (the
letters NT and MA of the last two words in
ligature). Laureate head of Julius Caesar to r.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 39
JRev.—C. CAESAE COS. PONT. (NT in ligature)
AVGK Bare head of Octavius to r. 125 grs.
[No. 37.]
This type, of which I have an ordinary example, is
well known, but the coin described by me differs in having
the heads on both sides of considerably larger dimen-
sions than is depicted either in Babelon (Julia, 64), or
than appears on any other piece that I have seen. The
workmanship somewhat suggests an Eastern origin,
although the weight is identical with that of the ordi-
nary piece.
PETKONIA.
7. Obv.— TVEPILIANVS III . VIE . FEEO. Bust of
the goddess Feronia to r.
Rev.— AVGFVSTVS. A wreath of oak, between two
branches of laurel; in the middle O.C.S (Ob
cives servatos). 125 grs. [No. 82.]
This piece differs from that struck by P. Petronius
Turpilianus, described by Babelon (No. 3) from the
aureus formerly in the Eiccio collection, in having the
two laurel branches on the reverse. It is possible, how-
ever, that the author erred in his description, owing to
his not having the original coin before him, particularly
as there is a further slip in the spelling of the name
of the Sabine goddess, which appears on the illustration
as FEEO and in the text as FEEON. It is noteworthy
that my coin, which formed Lot 341 of the De Quelen
sale, is also inaccurately described in the catalogue as
being inscribed FEEON.
8. Olv.— As the last.
Rev.— As the last, but the word CAESAE appears above
the oak wreath. 123£ grs. [No. 83.]
40 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This coin was obtained by me at the Borghesi sale,
Rome, 1893. It was described in the catalogue as being
unpublished and unique, and as having been acquired by
Borghesi from the Cavaliere Carelli in 1813. It occurs
forcibly to me that it is more than probable that the
original inscription on the die of this type is CAESAR
AYGYSTYS in every case, but that on the preceding
coin, and also on the piece described by Babelon (No, 7),
the top of the die overlapped the flan. It is also to be
noticed that the word AYGVSTYS has, in like manner,
owing to the shifting of the flan in the opposite direction,
almost disappeared from the bottom of the coin. Since
writing this I have seen in the possession of MM.
Rollin and Feuardent another example, also inscribed
CAESAR, AYGYSTYS, which further confirms my sug-
gestion.
OCTAVIUS AUGUSTUS.
9. Qlv.— S.P.Q.R. CAESARI AYGYSTO. Bare head of
the Emperor to r.
Rev.— YOT. P. SYSC. PRO. SAL. ET RED. I. 0. M.
SACR. Mars to 1., with his mantle on his arm,
and holding a vexillum and a parazonium.
121i grs. [No. 89.]
This differs from the piece inaccurately described by
Cohen (No. 324) as being of silver instead of gold, and in
having the circular legend on the reverse continued beneath
the standing figure of Mars. I have also an example of
the ordinary type described by Cohen, on which the legend
breaks off very distinctly and designedly on either side of
the figure. Whether this figure is that of Mars, as de-
scribed by Cohen, is, to my mind, more than doubtful,
having regard to the nature of the inscription surround-
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 41
ing it. I should consider it much more probable that it
was intended to represent Augustus himself with the
attributes of the warlike god, and that the coin was struck
at the time when the Emperor was seriously ill at Tar-
raco. An apparently similar piece (Cohen, 320) has PR.
instead of PRO., and the so-called figure of Mars looks to
the right instead of the left.
10. Obv.— AVGVSTVS DIVI F. Bare head to r.
Rev.— IMP. XII. Bull to r. 122 grs. [No. 93.]
This variety is described by Cohdn in silver only (No.
158).
1 1 . Obv. — Laureate head of the Emperor to r. No legend.
7^.— CAESAR AVGVSTVS. Two laurel branches.
120 grs. [No. 102.]
The reverse of this unpublished variety resembles, in all
but the position of the words composing the inscription,
the obverse of Cohen, No. 206.
12. Oh.— DIVVS AVGVSTVS. Radiate head to r.
Rev. — PAX. Peace to 1., holding in her right hand a
caduceus ; in her left, three ears of corn and a
poppy-head. Ill grs. [No. 103.] Plate II. 4.
This very fine and probably unique aureus is believed
to have been found in the Netherlands. It resembles the
example in the British Museum (Cohen, 221), but reads
PAX instead of PAX P.R. With the former legend it
was published by Morell, which is a tribute to the ac-
curacy of this author, who was, in the words of Baron
d'Ailly, the only really conscientious author on Roman
coins before Eckhel, and up to the middle of the
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. G
42 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. ;
eighteenth century. The style and fabric of this coin
is not Augustan, and though it is clearly struck after
the Emperor's death, I had come to the conclusion
that it should be relegated to Galba or his time,
before consulting Cohen, who, I find, makes a like
suggestion in connection with a denarius of a somewhat
similar type and fabric (No. 220). It is just possible
that it may have been struck during the interregnum
between the reigns of Nero and Galba, or as an autonomous
Roman coin in accordance with the views expressed by the
Due de Blacas (Rev. Num. Nouvette Serie, tome vii. p. 217).
Another piece of very similar design and origin is de-
picted by Cohen (No. 109), and is in the French Cabinet.
The author rightly, in my opinion, also ascribes this to the
time of Galba, as the features of the deceased emperor
are somewhat similar to his. The same remark applies
to my piece, and as Cohen (No. 109) describes a coin
bearing the reverse legend HISPANIA while mine has
PAX, both coins may have been struck in celebration of
the peace established by Galba with some of the Spanish
tribes with whom the name of Augustus was in some way
connected. Could, for instance, such a peace have been
concluded at Saragossa, the ancient Caesaraugusta ?
TIBERIUS.
13. Olv.— TI. DIVI F. AVGVSTVS. Laureate head to r.
Rev.^-TR.. POT. XXXI. Victory seated on a globe,
holding a diadem. A half-aureus. 61 grs.
[No. 119.]
This is of the ordinary type, but unpublished, of this
year of tribunitian power. The coin described by Cohen
is from the Ancien Catalogue only.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 43
14. Obv.—TI. OAESAE DIVI AVG. F. AVGVSTVS.
Laureate head to r.
Rev.— TE. POT. XXXVIII. Same as the last. A half
aureus. 61 grs. [No. 121.]
Unpublished of this year.
CALIGULA AND AUGUSTUS.
15. Obv.— C. CAESAE AVG. PON. M. TE. POT. III.
COS. III. Laureate head of Caligula to r.
R»o.— DIVVS AVG. PATEE PATEIAE. Head of
Augustus, with radiate crown to r. 119J grs.
[No. 137.]
This variety occurs also in silver, but in gold it is
described by Cohen from the Ancien Catalogue only. My
example was purchased at a sale in Rome in 1893.
: t» CLAUDIUS.
16. Obv.— TI. CLAVD. CAESAE AVG. P.M. TE. P. IIII.
Laureate head to r.
Rev.— PEAETOE . EECEPT. Claudius to r., giving
his hand to a soldier, who holds a military
ensign and a buckler. 120 grs. [No. 141.]
Of the ordinary type of Cohen (No. 77), but unpub-
lished, of the fourth tribunitian power. A similar ex-
ample, however, was in the D'Amecourt Collection
(Lot 97). My example came from an important hoard
of aurei of this period (about 80 in number), found in
1893 in Campania, and purchased by Cav. Stettiner, in
the sale of whose coins at Rome, in 1894, several were
included.
44 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
AORIPPINA AND NERO.
17. O^.-AGEIPP. AVG. DIVI CLAVD. NEEONIS
CAES. MATEE. Bust of Agrippina and head
of Nero facing each other ; behind the head of
Nero a grain of corn.
Rev.— NEEONI CLAYD. DIVI F. CAES. AVG.
GEEM. IMP. TE. P. Oak- wreath, within which
is EX S.C. 117 grs. [No. 153.]
In his illustration of the obverse of the ordinary type
Cohen (No. 6) erroneously inserts CLAVDI. for CLAVD.
I have thought it well to describe my example (purchased
at Eome in 1893 from the same collection as No. 15), as
it differs from any previously published, in having the
grain of corn behind Nero's head. After republican times
any addition of this kind seems to be unknown. It is some-
what suggestive of provincial workmanship, and in that
event, having regard to the ancient Sicilian types and to
the fact that the Romans were so indebted to Sicily for
their corn supplies, the provenance of my coin may be
referred to that fertile island.
GALBA.
18. Ofa.— IMP. GALBA CAESAE AVG. P.P. Laureate
head to r.
Rw.— FOETVNA AVG. Fortune to 1., holding a
rudder and a cornucopiae. 112 grs. [No. 169.1
PI. II. 5.
This probably unique coin is described (Cohen, No. 71)
from Mionnet only, and is unpriced by the author, prima
facie showing that he was not conclusively sure that
any such piece existed, notwithstanding its inclusion in
Mionnet's list.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 45
19. Obv.— [IMP. SEE.] GALBA CAESAE AYG. [P.M.]
Laureate head to r.
Rev. — IMP. Galba on horseback to r., raising his right
hand. 108 grs. [No. 170.]
This is described by Cohen (No. 96) from the example
depicted by Caylus only. The type is a striking one, and
occurs also, with some varieties of the obverse legend, on
a denarius of the same Emperor.
OTHO.
20. Obv.— IMP. OTHO CAESAE AYG. TE. P. Bare
head to r.
Rev.— PAX OEBIS TEEEAEVM. Peace to 1., hold-
ing a laurel branch and a caduceus. 113 grs.
[No. 174.]
The same as Cohen (No. 2) but without the M for
Marcus between IMP and OTHO. The PERRAEVM
in Cohen for TERRARVM is of course one of those
printer's errors which are far more numerous in the
second edition than in the first.
21. Obv.— IMP. OTHO CAESAE AYG. TE. P. Bare
head to r.
Rev.— PONT. MAX. Equity to 1., holding a sceptre and
scales. llO^grs. [No. 175.]
Published by Cohen (No. 9) in silver only. An ex-
ample in gold has been published by my friend, Cav. F.
Gnecchi, in the Rivista Italiana di Num., 1889, Fasc. iv.
Ta. vi.
22. Obv.— IMP. M. OTHO CAESAE AYG. TE. P. Bare
head to r. ; the hair has a more natural appear-
ance than is usual.
46 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev.— SECVEITAS P. E. Security to 1., holding a
wreath and a sceptre. 113£ grs. [No. 177.]
Described by Cohen (No. 16) from Caylus only.
VlTELLIUS.
23. Obv.— A. VITELLIYS GEEMAN. IMP. TE. P.
Laureate head to r.
£ev.—S. P. Q. E. OB C. S. within an oak-wreath. 114
grs. [No. 179.]
Described by Cohen (No. 85) from Caylus only.
24. Obv.— A. YITELLIVS IMP. GEEMANICYS. Lau-
reate bust to 1. ; a globe beneath.
IMP. GERMANIC!. Victory to 1.,
holding a wreath; beneath, a globe. 113 grs.
[No. 181.]
Described by Cohen (No. 106) from Wiczay only.
25. An unpublished variety resembling the last in all
respects, except that on the reverse GEEMAN.
is substituted for GEEMANICI. 112£ grs.
[No. 182.]
A variety of No. 24 is in the British Museum, on
which GEEMAN. appears on the obverse instead of
GEEMANICYS.
Lucius YITELLIUS (Father of the Emperor).
26. Obv.— L. YITELUYS COS. III. C[ENSO]E. Laureate
and draped bust of Lucius Yitellius to r. ; in
front, a sceptre surmounted by an eagle.
RCV.—&. VITELLIYS GEEM. IMP. AYG. TE. P.
Laureate head of the Emperor to r. 95 grs.
[No. 184.] Plate II. 6.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 47
Given by Cohen (No. 2) in silver only. I should be
inclined to think that what Cohen describes as a sceptre
surmounted by an eagle may be an early representation of
the legionary eagle, in complimentary allusion to the
Censor's command in Syria during his first consulate, and
to his enforcing respect to the Roman standards upon
Artabanus, the Parthian King. The light weight of this
example, which is somewhat worn, is probably caused by
a slight clipping of the flan*
Since writing the above I have traced a description of
a similar, or perhaps this identical, piece by Mr. F. W«
Madden, in Num. Chron., New Series, vol. viii., p. 253,
which seems to have escaped the notice of Cohen. Mr.
Madden agrees with me in denominating the so-called
sceptre " a standard with Roman eagle."
VESPASIAN.
27. Qbv.— IMP. CAESAR VESPASIANVS AYG. Lau-
reate head to r.
Rev.— CAESARES VESP. AYG. FILL Titus and
Domitian standing face to face, each holding a
patera in his right hand, and a parazonium?
in his left. Ill* grs. [_No- 195-] Plate II. 7.
This is described by Cohen (No. 52) from Caylus only,
and he omits to mention the object in the left hand of
each of the sons of Yespasian. The coin appears to be of
Oriental fabric, and may have been issued before the
Emperor's arrival in Rome. In any case it must have
been struck early in his reign, as he was in his sixtieth
year when he assumed the purple, and the portrait here
depicted presents certainly a more youthful appearance
than is usually found on his aurei. The intention of the
reverse type was doubtless to advertise the state of the
48 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Emperor's family, particularly with a due regard to those
considerations as to succession, which were perhaps the
more present to the Emperor's mind owing to his ad-
vanced age.
28. Oto.— IMP. CAESAE VESPASIANVS AVG. Lau-
reate head to r.
. ITEE. TE. POT. Equity to 1., with sceptre
and scales. 113£ grs. [No. 186.]
The second consulate of the Emperor was in A.D. 70,
the year of his entry into Rome, when this piece must
have been struck. All the other aurei of the same year
bear the same inscription, with the deity Mars or Nep-
tune on the reverse, with the exception of one which
is inscribed COS . ITEE . FOET . EED ., with the figure
of Fortune.
I include this piece, which appears as No. 30 in the
first edition of Cohen, both in gold and silver, but is
omitted altogether, in both metals, from the second
edition, in order to call attention not only to that omis-
sion, but to the careless omission also in the second
edition, of various gold and silver pieces bearing the same
inscription, and described in the first edition under the
numbers 32, 33, and 34.
29. Oh.— IMP. YESPAS. AVGL P.M. TEI. P.P.P. COS.
IIII. Laureate bust to 1.
Rev.— PAX AVGVSTI. Naked male figure, with mantle
over left shoulder, and holding a sceptre in the
left hand, raises, with the right, a kneeling
woman, who wears a turreted crown. 114£ ers.
[No. 189.]
Cohen, in mentioning (No. 322) a somewhat similar
piece in the British Museum, describes the figure on the
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 49
reverse as being that of the Emperor in military ap-
parel. It certainly is a naked figure, and perhaps, with
equal certainty, is intended to be a representation of
Peace. It is not probable that the Emperor would in
those days, and at his advanced age of sixty-three or
sixty-four years, have been represented nude in any per-
sonified form. The coin must have been struck in Asia,
and refers, perhaps, to the settlement of the disputes with
Antiochus of Commagene, who, after the seizure of his
country by Paetus, Governor of Syria, had come to Rome
with his sons, Epiphanes and Callinicus, and had been
courteously received by the Emperor, and not to Armenia,
as stated by Cohen. The TRI. on the obverse of this
piece, instead of TR. as usual, is of almost unique occur-
rence, and lends weight to its Asiatic attribution.
30. Obv.— IMP. CAES. VESP. AYG. P.M. COS. IIII.
CEN. Laureate head to r.
Rev. — VESTA. Circular four-columned temple ; in the
middle and at each side, a statue. 113£ grs,
[No. 190.]
The reverse type of this piece is not uncommon, but
with this obverse it is described by Cohen (No. 582) from
the Schellersheim cabinet only.
VESPASIAN, TITUS, AND DOMITIAN.
31. Olv.— IMP. VESPA. AVGL P.M. TRI. P. II. COS. IIII.
Laureate head of Vespasian to 1.
Rev.— CAE. DVM. (sic] ET TI. (sic} CAES. IMP.
VESPAS. Bare heads of Titus and Domitian
face to face. 114 grs. [No. 201.] PI. II. 8.
This coin, depicted in Cohen (No. 8), was formerly in
the collection of M. Jarry, of Orleans, which, after hid
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. H
50 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
death, was sold in 1878. It passed into my hands from
the Du Chastel collection, and I venture to think that, as
it may be the only known example of the type, an exact
description of it may be desirable. The fabric and letter-
ing appear to be provincial, and the misspelling of DYM
for the first letters of the name of Domitian, and the un-
usual form «f the reverse legend, tend to confirm this.
TITUS.
32. Obv.—T. CAESAE IMP. YESP. Laureate head to r.
Rev.— PONTIF. TE. POT. Fortune to left, on a cippus,
holding a cornucopiae and a rudder. 112 grs.
[No. 210.]
This differs from Cohen (No. 165), in having the head of
the Emperor to the right instead of to the left.
33. Obv.— IMPEEATOE T. CAESAE AYGYSTI F. Lau-
reate bust to r.
.— CONCOEDIA AYGK Concord seated to left, a
cornucopiae in her right hand, and two ears of
corn and a poppyhead in her left ; in the exergue,
EPHE. (the last three letters in ligature).
113£grs. [No. 207.]
This aureus at once betrays its Oriental origin by its
workmanship and fabric. It is presumed that it was
struck at Ephesus, when Titus was in Asia Minor, before
his father's death. It differs from Cohen (No. 38) in having
the head laureate instead of bare, but this may be an
error on the part of the author, in which case this may be
the example (then in the possession of MM. Kollin and
Feuardent) from which the description was taken. It
formed Lot 157 of the D'Amecourt sale, 1887.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 51
34. Obv.— IMP. TITYS CAES. VESPASIAN. AVGK P.M.
Laureate head to r.
Rev.— TE. P. VIIII. IMP. XIIII. COS. VII. Venus
to r., leaning against a column, and holding a
helmet and a spear. 112 grs. [No. 211.]
This differs from Cohen (No. 267) in the omission only
of the title P. P. on the reverse. The type on the reverse
appears to be very rare, as the two varieties (Cohen Nos.
283 and 285), struck under the date IMP. XV., one with
the head to the left, the other to the right, are described
from examples respectively in the Ancien Catalogue and the
Trouvaille du Lycee Napoleon only. Of the latter variety I
have a fine example in my own collection, but both Nos.
283 and 285 have the title P. P. on the reverse.
35. Obv.— IMP. TITVS CAES. VESPASIAN. AVG. P.M.
Laureate head to 1.
Rev.— TE. P. IX. IMP. XV. COS. VIII. P.P.
Winged fulmen on a throne. 113 grs. [No. 215.]
This is described in silver (Cohen, No. 314), and with the
head to the right in gold (Cohen, No. 315). The present
variety from the D'Amecourt sale, Lot 170, appears to be
unpublished.
36. Obv.— IMP. TITVS CAES. VESPASIAN. AVG. P.M.
Laureate head to r.
Rev.— TE. P. IX. IMP. XV. COS. VIII. P.P. Double
curule chair, on which is a wreath. 114£ grs.
[No. 216.]
Described by Cohen (No. 317) from Caylus only. As
the title of the plates engraved by M. le Comte de
Caylus is, " Numismata aurea Imperatorum Eomanorum
e cimelio regis Christianissimi," it is presumed that this
and all other pieces described by Cohen from this work
52 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
only, must have passed from the French royal cabinet
into that of the Bibliotheque, and, if not there now, must
have disappeared, owing to the great robbery in 1831 or
otherwise.
37. oiv.— IMP. TITVS CAES. VESPASIAN. AVG. P.M.
Laureate head to 1.
Rev.— TE. P. IX. IMP. XV. COS. VIII. P.P.
Trophy, at the foot of which are a woman, in
an attitude of grief, seated to 1., and a man,
with his hands tied behind him, seated to right.
Ill grs. [No. 214.]
A similar aureus, with the Emperor's head to the right,
appears in Caylus, but is not in the French National Col-
lection or elsewhere, to my knowledge. The present type,
with the head to the left, is described in silver (Cohen,
No. 307), but is unpublished in gold. My example is
from the D'Amecourt sale, Lot 168.
The date of this coin corresponds with 833 A.U.C. =
80 A.D. The type may refer to the victory over the Jews,
though so many years after the capture of Jerusalem. It
is noteworthy that the references to his Jewish victories
occur on the coins of Titus, for many years consecutively
after that event. On the other hand, it is possible that
the type refers to victories over the Britons gained by
Julius Agricola at and about the time when this coin was
issued.
JULIA AND TITUS.
38. Obv.— IVLIA AVGVSTA DIVI TITI F. Draped bust
of Julia to 1.
Rev.— DIVVS TITVS AVGVSTVS. Laureate head of
Titus to 1. 118 grs. [No. 220.]
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 53
This splendid aureus is unpublished and apparently
unique. A similar type in silver is described in Cohen
(No. 2). Though evidently struck after the death of
Titus, the head of that emperor does not bear the radiate
crown as is the case with the usual type (Cohen, 1). The
weight is noteworthy.
DOMITIAN.
39. Obv.-IM.P. CAES. DOMITIANVS AVG. P.M. Lau-
reate head to r.
Rev.— TK. P. COS. VII. DES. VIII. P.P. Laurel wreath
on a double curule chair. 112 grs. [No. 228.]
This rare aureus is described by Cohen (No. 571) from
Schellersheim only. It is suggested whether the presence
of the two curule chairs may not refer to the two con-
sulates, the one in actual enjoyment, the other designate.
40. Oh.— IMP. CAES. DOMITIANVS AVG. P.M. Lau-
reate head to r.
Rev.— TE. POT. IMP. II. COS. VIII. DES. IX. P.P.
Helmeted bust of Pallas to 1., with aegis, but
with no sceptre. 121 grs. [No. 230.]
Cohen (Nos. 607 and 608) describes this piece, with the
reverse legend reading DES . VIIII, and with the bust of
Pallas with and without the sceptre. He also describes
(No. 600) that with DES. IX with a sceptre from the
example in the British Museum. The present specimen
completes the set. Its weight is abnormally heavy.
41. Olv.— IMP. CAES. DOMITIANVS AVG. GEEMANIC.
Laureate and draped bust to 1.
Rev.— P.M. TE. POT. III. IMP. V. COS. X. P.P. A
large helmeted and draped bust of Pallas to r.
11 8£ grs. [No. 234.]
54 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This is not described in Cohen, and ray example was
sold to me by MM. Eollin and Feuardent as being an
unique example. Another specimen of the type, however,
is in the French National Collection. The weight is
abnormal.
42. Obv.— IMP. CAES. DOMITIANVS AVG. P.M. (from
right to left). Laureate head to r.
Rev.— TE. POT. II. COS. VIIII. DES. X. P.P. Pallas
to r., standing on level ground and throwing a
javelin, and holding a buckler. 114 grs. [No.
231.]
This resembles Cohen (No. 605), but there is no ship
beneath Pallas nor an owl at her feet.
43. Qlv.— IMP. CAES. DOMITIANVS AVG. GEEMANIC.
Laureate head to r.
Rev.— P.M. TE. POT. III. IMP. V. COS. X. P.P.
Helmeted figure of Pallas to 1., holding a long
lance in her right hand, her left hand on her
hip. 119igrs. [No. 233.]
This seems quite unpublished, though there are other
types with the same reverse legend, two of which are next
described (Cohen, Nos. 355—358).
44. Olv.— IMP. CAES. DOMITIANVS AVG. GEEMANIC.
Laureate bust with aegis to r.
Jta;.-P.M. TE. POT. HI. IMP. V. COS. X. P.P. Eagle,
with wings displayed, on a fulmen. 120£ grs.
[No. 236.]
This is identical with Cohen (No. 358), except that the
Emperor's bust is to the right instead of to the left, and
is not draped, though the aegis appears on the breast.
The difference of weight among the aurei of Domitian,
in the highest state of preservation, is worthy of notice.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 55
45. Olv.— IMP. CAES. DOMITIAN . AYG. GERMANICYS.
Laureate head to r.
Rev.— P.M. TR. POT. III. IMP. V. COS. X. P.P. Hel-
meted figure of Pallas to r., on prow of vessel,
throwing a javelin and holding a buckler ; at
her feet, an owl. 120 grs. [No. 235.]
This coin with DOMITIANYS instead of DOMITIAN.
is described as being in silver by Cohen (No. 356), but
is unpublished in gold.
46. Obv.— IMP. CAES. D1YL YESP. F. DOMITIAN.
AYG. Laureate head and draped bust to 1.
J^.- GERMANICYS COS. X. A German slave, in
attitude of grief, seated to the right on a buckler ;
beneath, a broken spear. 120 grs. [No. 232.]
This, with the obverse DOMITIANYS AYGYSTYS
is described in Cohen (No. 139) from Schellersheim only.
It is otherwise unpublished.
47. Obv.— DOMITIANYS AYGYSTYS. Laureate head
tor.
Rev.— GERMANICYS COS. XY. Helmeted figure of
Pallas to r., with javelin and buckler, on a
double prow; at her feet, an owl. 116£ grs.
[No. 241.]
Described by Cohen (No. 153) from an example be-
longing to Mr. Egger only. It is possible that it is the
same example as that now in my collection.
DOMITIA.
48. Obv.— DOMITIA AYGYSTA IMP. DOMITIANI (from
right to left). Bust to r.
Rev.— CONCORDIA AYGYST. Peacock to right.
11 6£ grs. [No. 244.]
56 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
The reading both on the obverse and reverse of this piece
differs from Cohen (No. 1). In my collection is another
aureus, the legend on the obverse of which is the same as
Cohen (No. 1), but that on the reverse reads CONCOE-
DIA AVGVST., and this is the reading correctly ren-
dered in the first edition of Cohen. I have never seen nor
heard of any example reading AVGK as Cohen (No. 1,
second edition).
NERVA.
49. Oh.— IMP. NEEVA CAES. AVG. P.M. TE. POT.
Laureate head of the Emperor to r.
Rev. — COS. III. P.P. Simpulum, aspersorium, sacrificial
vase and augural staff. 117^ grs. [No. 250.]
This is a well-known type, of which the published
description occurs only with the words PATER, PA-
TRIAE, in full on the reverse (Cohen, No. 147). With the
contraction P.P. it is published in silver only (Cohen,
No. 52), and appears to be a rarity even in that metal,
as Cohen gives his description from a piece in the col-
lection of Mr. Hamburger only. In the first edition of
Cohen it is described from the Wiczay example only ;
but the latter may be identical with the former.
TRAJAN.
50. Obv.— IMP. TEAIANVS AVG. GEE. DAC. P.M. TE.
P. COS. VI. P. P. Draped and laureate bust
to r.
Rev.— MAES VICTOE. Nude figure of Mars, hel-
meted, to 1., in his right hand a spear, in his
left a trophy. 108£ grs. (Somewhat worn.)
[No. 267.] PI. II. 9.
The reverse legend is hitherto unpublished, and is
quite unknown on a coin of Trajan in any metal, nor
does there appear to be any express reference whatever to
Mars on any such coin, with the exception of the one now
illustrated. The denarii (Cohen, Nos. 100 and 270) have a
similar type, with the legend, COS. VI . P.P. S.P.Q.R.
and P.M. TR . P. COS. VI. P.P. S.P.Q.R. respectively, and
refer in all probability to the Emperor's past Dacian
victories, as during his sixth consulate (A.U.C. 865) he
does not appear to have been actively engaged in any
military operation. A similar type occurs on denarii of
the fourth and fifth consulates (Cohen, Nos. 228 and 372),
but on these also the name of the god of war is not ex-
pressly mentioned.
51. Obv.— IMP. CAES. NER. TRAIAN. OPTIM. AVG.
GER. DAC. PARTHICO. Laureate, draped
and cuirassed bust to r.
SVSCEPTA (in exergue). P.M. TR. P.
COS. VI. P.P. S.P.Q.R. (around). The genius
of the Senate to r., sacrificing at an altar, in the
presence of the genius of the Roman people,
who holds a patera and a cornucopiae. 1 1 1£ grs.
[No. 265.]
The obverse bust and legend differ slightly from Cohen
(No. 655). The workmanship of this rare coin is remark-
ably fine, and much finer than that displayed on a some-
what similar piece in the National Collection.
52. Obv. IMP. CAES. NER. TRAIANO OPTIM. AVG.
GERM. DAC. Laureate head with aegis to r.
Rev.— PARTHICO P.M. TR. P. COS. VI. P.P. S.P.Q.R.
Radiate bust of the Sun to r. Ill grs. [No. 262.]
This differs from Cohen (No. 187) in the clothing of
the bust, and is one of the finest types struck during
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. I
58 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Trajan's reign. The occurrence of the fine workmanship
shown on so many coins struck during the sixth and last
consulate is significative of the fact that, during the later
years of Trajan's rule, those engravers were at work, who
distinguished themselves also so markedly during the
early part of the reign of Hadrian.
HADRIAN AND TRAJAN.
53. Qbv.— IMP. CAES. TEAIAN. HADEIAN. OPT. AVG.
GEE. D. PART. Laureate, draped and cuirassed
bust of Hadrian to r.
Jfc».— DIVO TRAIANO PATRI AVG. Laureate,
draped and cuirassed bust of Trajan to r.
113 grs. [No. 305.]
This only differs from Cohen (No. 1) in having GEE,,
in the obverse legend instead of GK
I have another example (Cohen, No. 2, from Elberling
only) reading G-, but with HADEIANO instead of HA-
DEIAN. This seems to show that the obverse legend is
to be read on all coins of this type with the dative case as
well as the reverse legend.
HADRIAN.
54. Olv.— IMP. CAESAE TEAIAN. HADEIANYS AYG.
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— P. M. TE. P. COS. III. Jupiter seated to 1.,
holding a fulmen and a sceptre. 113 grs. [No.
291.]
This differs from Cohen (No. 1060) in having the bust
to the right instead of to the left.
55. Obv.— HADEIANVS AYG. COS. III. P.P. Bare head
tor.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 59
Rev.— AEGYPTOS. Egypt (or Isis) seated to l.,holding a
sistrum, and with her left arm on a basket en-
circled by a serpent ; to the left, an ibis on a
cippus. 107£ grs. [No. 299.]
This type, with the bare head of the Emperor to the
left, is quoted by Cohen. (No. 108) from the Elberling
collection only ; with the same head to the right, as in
the case of my piece, it seems to be unpublished.
56. Obv.— HADKIANVS AYG. COS. III. P.P. Bare bust of
Hadrian to 1., with very slight traces of drapery.
Rev.— RESTITYTORI ACHAIAE. Hadrian to 1.
raising Achaia, who is kneeling at his feet;
between them a vase, from which issues a palm.
109£ grs. [No. 303.]
This very fine aureus differs from Cohen (No. 1214) in
having the bust to the left instead of to the right, and
without drapery, in the usual sense of that word.
Lucius AELIUS CAESAR.
57. 050.— L. AELIYS CAESAR. Bare-headed bust to L,
semi-draped.
Rev.— CONCORD, (in exergue) ; around, TR. POT. COS.
II. Concord seated to L, holding a patera;
behind her, a cornucopiae upon a cippus. 107
grs. [No. 314.]
A somewhat similar piece is published by Cohen (No.
4) from Caylus only ; but on referring to Caylus's work,
I find no such coin mentioned.
ANTONINUS Pius.
58. Obv.— ANTONINYS AYG. PIYS P.P. TR. P. COS.
IIII. Laureate head to 1.
60 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — LIB. IIII (in exergue). Antoninus seated to 1., on
an estrade ; at his side, Liberality, with tessera
and cornucopiae ; at the foot of the estrade, a
man standing to r., extending the hem of his
garment. llO^grs. [No. 325.]
This differs from Cohen (No. 496) in having the head
to the left instead of to the right.
59. Obv.— ANTONINYS AVG. PIVS P.P. TE. P. COS.
III. Draped bust to r.
Rev.— VTCTOEIA AVG. (in exergue). Victory flourish-
ing a whip, in a quadriga, galloping to the r.
107 grs. [No. 323.]
This differs from Cohen (Nos. 1080 arid 1081) in the
details of the bust. It formed Lot 386 of the sale of the
Yicomte du Chastel's coins.
60. Obv.— ANTONINVS AVG. PIVS P.P. TE. P. XXII.
Cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— COS. IIII. (in exergue) ; around, VOTA SVS-
CEPTA DEC. III. The Emperor veiled to 1.,
sacrificing at a tripod. 112£ grs. [No. 340.]
In the second edition of Cohen no coin in gold relating
to the celebration of the third Decennalia is described,
but in silver and bronze a few types, more or less differ-
ent from that of the above aureus, are given, but none of
the twenty-second tribunitian power. In the first edition
(No. 359) a similar coin to mine is described, but with a
laureate bust.
61. Obv.— ANTONINVS AVG. PIVS P.P. TE. P. XXII.
Laureate and draped bust to r.
Rev.— COS IIII. (in exergue) ; around, VOTA SVSCEP.
DECENN. III. Same type as the last.
grs. [No. 341.]
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 61
This variety is undescribed in both editions of Cohen.
ANTONINUS AND MARCUS AUEELIUS.
62. Obv.— ANTONINYS AVG. PIVS P.P. TE. P. COS III.
Draped bust of Antoninus to r.
^.— AVEELIVS CAESAE AVG. PII F. COS.
Draped and cuirassed bust of Aurelius. 110£
grs. (var. of Cohen, No. 13). [No. 350.]
63. Obv.— ANTONINYS AVG. PIVS P.P. TE. P. COS.
III. Laureate head of Antoninus to 1.
^.-AVEELIVS CAESAE AVG. PII F. COS.
Draped (but not cuirassed) bust of Aurelius to r.
112 grs. (var. of Cohen, No. 20). [No. 352.]
64. Olv.— ANTONINVS AVG. PIVS P.P. TE. P. COS. III.
Laureate head of Antoninus to 1.
Rev.— AVEELIVS CAES. AVG. PII F. COS. Draped
bust of Aurelius to r. 113f grs. [No. 351.]
The above three aurei are all, as shown by the weight,
in the finest state of preservation, and it is strange that
they should all present variations of the types described
in Cohen. The last described was, together with a fine
aureus of Faustina the Elder, ceded to ine by the late
Cav. Amilcare Ancona, of Milan, who obtained it from
the Verona find of 1887 ; these being the only gold coins
(among almost 3,000 denarii) in that find which he de-
scribed under the title of, " Eipostiglio di S. Zeno in
Verona Citta," in the Rivista Italiana di Nunrismatica,
vol i., p. 229.
MARCUS AURELIUS.
65. Obv.— AVEELIVS CAESAE AVG. PII F. COS.
Young head to r.
62 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev.— IWENTAS. Juventas to 1., holding a patera,
and sprinkling incense in the flame of a can-
delabrum. A half aureus. 50£grs. [No. 371.]
Described in Cohen (No. 388) from the "Vente de
Moustier" only.
66. Obv.— AYEELIVS CAESAE AVG. PII F. Draped
bust to r.
' Rev.— TE. POT. III. COS. II. Mars nude, with flowing
mantle, marching to 1., and carrying a trophy
and a spear. Half aureus. 58 grs. [No. 377.]
A similar half-aureus is described by Cohen (No. 617)
from an example in the possession of M. Elberling. This
description, however, leads us to infer that the bust on that
example was not draped. My specimen was No. 1167 in
the De Quelen sale.
67. Oh.— IMP. CAES. M. AVEEL. ANTONINYS AVG.
Bare head to r.
Rev.— CONCOEDIAE AYGVSTOE . TE. P. XV. In
exergue, COS III. Marcus Aurelius and Lucius
Verus clasping hands. Ill grs. [No. 382.]
This coin, with the bare head, is described in Cohen (No.
70) from an example in the possession of MM. Eollin and
Feuardent only. This may be the same example as mine,
which I purchased at the sale of Dr. Seyffer's coins
(Lot 954).
68. Oto.— IMP. CAES. M. AVEEL. ANTONINVS AVG.
Draped bust to r.
£ev.— CONCOEDIAE AVGVSTOE . TE. P. XVI.;
in exergue, COS. III. Marcus Aurelius and
Lucius Verus clasping hands. Ill grs. [No. 384.]
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 63
Similar to Cohen (No. 73), which, however, has not the
bust draped. My coin was purchased by my friend, Mr.
Ashbee, with some forty other aurei of the period, on the
north coast of Africa. The hoard was probably found
near Tunis.
It may be useful, though, perhaps, a little out of place
here, to note that the aureus of M. Aurelius, described by
Cohen as No. 476, should read COS. Ill, and not simply
COS.
69. Obv.— M. ANTONINVS AVGK TE. P. XXYI. Lau-
reate and draped bust to r.
Rev.— IMP. VI. COS. III. Marcus Aurelius, in military
apparel, to 1., holding a fulmen and reversed
spear, crowned by Victory, bearing a palm-
branch. Ill grs. [No. 393.]
This very fine aureus differs from Cohen (No. 308) in
having no cuirass on the bust. The globe referred to by
Cohen as being in the field, appears to be a component
part of the spear. This aureus formed Lot 320 of the
D'Amecourt sale.
70. Obv.— M. ANTONINVS AVG. GKEEM. SAEM. Lau-
reate and draped head to r.
Rev.— TE. P. XXIX. IMP. VIII. COS. HI. Peace (?)
to 1., holding a caducous and sceptre. 11 11 grs.
[No. 396.]
Similar to Cohen (No. 925), but with no cuirass. This
also came from the hoard secured by Mr. Ashbee. Though
I have followed Cohen in suggesting a doubt as to whether
the female figure on the reverse is intended for Peace, yet
there is no doubt in my own mind on the subject, as
the emblem of the caduceus would hardly lead to any
other conclusion.
64 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
71. Qbv.— M. ANTONINYS AVG. GEEM. SAEM. Lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
£ev.—A& before, but with the legend, TE. P. XXX.
IMP. VIII. COS. in. HHgrs. [No. 399.]
This type is unpublished of the thirtieth tribunitian
"potestas." It formed part of the hoard purchased by
Mr. Ashbee.
72. Obv.— M. AVEEL. ANTONINVS AYG. Laureate,
draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— TE. P. XXXIII. IMP. X. COS. HI. P.P. Marcus
Aurelius sacrificing at a tripod. 114 grs. [No.
400.]
This is a slight variety of Cohen (No. 971), but I
have described it, as it is a very fine example of a coin
only given by Cohen from the specimen in the Vienna
Cabinet.
FAUSTINA THE YOUNGER.
73. Obv.— FAVSTINA AVGYSTA. Bust to the right, wavy
hair tied in a knot behind.
Rev.-— AVGYSTI PII FIL. Diana to 1., holding a bow
and an arrow. 112 grs. [No. 402.]
This varies from Cohen (No. 19) in having the bust to
the right instead of to the left, and in that respect re-
sembles the half-aureus in the British Museum (Cohen,
No. 20).
Lucius VERUS.
74. Olv.— IMP. L. AVEEL. YEEYS AVG. Bare head
to r., with aegis.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 65
Rev.— CONCOEDIAE AVGVSTOE . TE. P. II. ; in
exergue, COS. II. Marcus Aurelius and Lucius
Verus standing and grasping hands. 112 grs.
[No. 419.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 49).
75. Olv.—L. VEEVS AVG. AEMENIACVS. Cuirassed
bust to r.
Rev.— TE. P. III. IMP. II. COS. II. Armenia seated
to left, her right hand supporting her head, her
left on a bow, beneath which is a quiver ; to the
right, a trophy. 110^ grs. [No. 421.]
This varies, so far as the bust is concerned, and possibly
also in the details of the reverse, from Cohen (No. 219),
which is described from the Caylus example only. The
latter is erroneously omitted to be priced in the second
edition of Cohen, and by an oversight is marked " C."
76. Obv.— L. VEEVS AVG. AEMENIACVS. Draped and
cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— TE. P. III. IMP. II. COS. II; in exergue,
AEMEN. Similar type to the last, lll^grs.
[No. 420.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 5), which has the laureate
bust.
77. Qbv.—L. VEEVS AVG. AEM. PAETH. MAX. Lau-
reate and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— TE. P. VI. IMP. IIII. COS. II. Verus brandish-
ing a spear and galloping to r. , over a prostrate
enemy. 112 grs. [No. 428.]
A variety, so far as the bust is concerned, of Cohen
(No. 287).
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. K
00 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
78. Obv.—L. VEEYS AVG. AEM. PAETH. MAX. Lau-
reate and draped bust to r.
Rev.— TE. P. VIII. IMP. V. COS. III. Equity seated
to 1., holding the scales and a cornucopiae.
112grs. [No. 429.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 317), which has the bust
undraped.
79. Olv.— L. VEEVS AVGK AEMENIACVS. Laureate,
draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— TE. P. HI!. IMP. II. COS. II. Victory, half-
draped, to the r., placing upon a palm-tree a
buckler inscribed VIC. AVGK 112£ grs. [No.
425.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 247). This is one of the
large hoard of aurei discovered at Eome during the course
of excavations on the Aventine Hill in the year 1893.
This hoard consisted almost entirely of the above type,
and two others of Lucius Verus (Cohen, Nos. 158 and
248) ; almost all the specimens being in the most brilliant
state of preservation, and, therefore, evidencing their
deposit about the time when Verus had become tribune
for the fourth time (A.D. 164).
LUCILLA.
80. Olv.— LVCILLA AVGVSTA. Draped bust to r.
Rev.— FECVNDITAS. Lucilla seated to r., with a
child on her knees ; a young girl at her feet.
107i grs. [No. 430.] PI. II. 10.
This is described (Cohen, No. 18) from the Caylus
example only, and does not appear to be represented in
any of the public museums.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 67
COMMODUS.
81. Obv.— IMP. CAES. L. AYEEL. COMMODYS GEEM.
SAEM. Young head of Commodus, laureate
and draped, to r.
Rev.— TE. POT. II. COS. ; in exergue, DE GEEM.
Pile of arms, consisting of a cuirass, oval and
hexagonal shields, trumpets, and lances. 11 1J
grs. [No. 435.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 91) which is described from.
the example in the British Museum, reading AYG. after
COMMODYS.
82. Olv.— M. COMM. ANT. P. EEL. AYG. BEIT. Lau-
reate and draped bust to r.
EXSYPEE . P.M. TE.P.XII. IMP. YIII. ;
in exergue, COS. Y. P.P. Jupiter seated to r.,
holding a branch and a sceptre. 11 1J grs.
[No. 447.] P1.II.11.
This unpublished aureus is from the Du Chastel sale,
Lot 424. A similar type and legend, with slight varia-
tions, occur on large and small bronze coins of Com-
modus, issued during his eleventh, twelfth, and fourteenth
tenures of tribunitian power, but their occurrence has not
hitherto been recorded on gold or silver coins.
83. Obv.— M. COMM. ANT. P. EEL. AYG. BEIT. Laureate,
draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— MIN. YICT. P.M. TE. P. XIIII. COS. Y. P. P.
Minerva to L, holding a Yictory and a spear; at
her feet, a buckler ; behind her, a trophy.
112 grains. (Cohen No. 364.) [No. 449.]
This is described by Cohen from this example only.
It formerly belonged to the late M. Mandar.
68 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
84. Obv.— M. COMM. ANT. P. EEL. AVG. BEIT. P.P.
Laureate and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— HEEO. COM. P.M. TE. P. XVI. COS. YI.
Commodus as a genius, with a patera and cor-
nucopiae ; in front of him, the tree of the garden
of the Hesperides, to which is attached a quiver
and lion's skin ; between the two, a lighted
altar, against which rests the club of Hercules.
112 grs. [No. 451.]
A very rare type, differing from Cohen (No. 180) in
the details of the bust.
DlDIUS JULIANUS.
85. Obv.— IMP. CAES. M. DID. IVLIAN. AVG. Laureate
head to r.
Rev.— CONCOED. MILIT. Concord to 1., holding a
military ensign in each hand, one surmounted
by an eagle. 103£ grs. [No. 461.]
This resembles the silver denarius described in Cohen
(No. 2), except in the legend of the obverse. It formed
Lot 370 of the D'Amecourt sale, and passed into the
hands of Dr. Von Scheniss, at the sale of whose coins
I purchased it. The lightness of weight of this aureus
is very remarkable, seeing that it is in the highest state
of preservation.
PESCENNIUS NIGER.
86. Olv.— IMP. CAES. C. PESC. NIGEE IVST. AVG.
Laureate and draped bust to r.
Rev.— EOMAE AETEENA. Eome seated to 1., on a
cuirass, holding a Victory and a spear. 1 07£ grs.
[No. 465.] PI. II. 12.
This is the magnificent example of the aureus of
Pescennius Niger, which figured as Lot 447 in the Du
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 69
Chastel sale. Though it is accurately photographed in
the Catalogue of the sale, the description in the text is
altogether erroneous, and errors have also crept into the
description of what I presume to be the same coin in
Cohen (No. 59). The second word in the reverse legend
is, however grammatically incorrect, clearly AETERNA,
and. there is no buckler at the feet of the seated figure of
Rome.
SEPTIMUS SEVEEUS.
87. Obv.—L. SEPT. SEV. PERT. AVG. IMP. II. Lau-
reate head to r.
AVG. TR. P. II. COS. II. Victory to r.,
holding a wreath in right hand, and a palm*
branch in her left. 111£ grs. [No. 472.]
A second brass coin, described oat of its proper order
in Cohen (No. 691), seems to bear the same reverse type and
legend, and No. 689 is a gold piece bearing the obverse
legend IMP. III. instead of IMP. II. The editors of
the last edition of Cohen refer, under this head, to a piece
belonging to the Vicomte d'Amecourt, bearing the in-
scription IMP. VII. This appears to be an error, as
his example (No. 381 in his Sale Catalogue) was inscribed
IMP. mi.
88. Obv.— L. SEPT. SEV. PERT. AVG. IMP. VIII. Lau-
reate head to r., with slight traces of the palu-
damentum.
Rev.— FORTVNAE REDVCI. Fortune seated to L,
holding a rudder in her right hand and a cor-
nucopiae in her left ; beneath her seat, a wheel.
112igrs. [No. 473.]
This differs from Cohen (No. 187), which is described
70 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
from the example in the British Museum in the details
of the bust, which on that example is draped and
cuirassed.
89. Obv.—L. SEPT. SEV. PEET. AVG. IMP. VIII.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— VOTA PVBLICA. Severus veiled to 1., sacri-
ficing at an altar. 111^ grs. [No. 474.]
This is included in the present list simply on account
of its rarity, as it is described in the last edition only of
Cohen (No. 776) from an example in the collection of
M. de Corberon. My specimen may be the same piece.
90. Obv.— L. SEPT. SEV. AVGK IMP. XI. PAET. MAX.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— COS. II. P. P. Victory to L, holding a wreath
in her right hand, and a palm-branch in her left.
HOigrs. [No. 476.]
This is not described in Cohen, where, however, a
somewhat similar reverse type is given in connection with
several varieties of the coins of this Emperor.
91. O^.—SEVEEVS AVG. PAET. MAX. Laureate head
to r,, with traces of paludamentum.
AVGG. PEL. Severus in military
apparel, galloping to r., holding a spear, barbed
at each end. 108£ grs. [No. 477.]
This is unpublished in gold, being described in Cohen
(No. 577) in silver only.
92. Obv.— SEVEEVS PIVS AVG. Laureate head to r.
.to.— INDVLGENTIA AVGG. IN CAETH. The Car-
thaginian goddess turreted seated on lion run-
ning to r. ; she turns her face also to the right,
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 71
holding in her right hand a fulmen, in her left
a sceptre; beneath, waters flow from a rock.
108 grs. [No. 480.]
This is described in Cohen (No. 227) from an example
(which may be the same specimen) in the collection of
M. Duquenelle. In the ordinary type the goddess is
seated facing.
93. Olv.— SEVEKVS PIVS AVG. Laureate head to r.
.— VOTA SVSCEPTA XX. Severus with ponti-
fical veil to r., holding a patera, and sacrificing
at an altar; a lictor? faces him on the other
side of the altar, at the back of which is the
upper part of the body of a musician, who plays
the double flute. 110£ grs. [No. 486.]
There are two varieties of this rare type. On one
aureus (Cohen, No. 793), described from the example in
the British Museum, instead of the flute-player, a figure
of Concord veiled appears at the back of the altar, but on
a large bronze coin (Cohen, No. 795), which differs in the
obverse legend, the flute-player is depicted as on my
aureus. The above specimen is from the Belfort col-
lection.
SEVERTJS, CARACALLA, AND GETA.
94. Olv.— SEVEEVS PIVS AVG. P.M. TE. P. VIIII. Lau-
reate head to r.
Rev.— AETEENIT. IMPEEI. Bust of Caracalla lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed, facing that of
Geta, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed. 112J
grs. [No. 490.]
This formed Lot 459 of the Comte Du Chastel's sale.
72 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
95. Olv.— SEYEEVS AYG. PART. MAX. Laureate bust
to r., clad in aegis.
Rev.— AETEENIT. IMPEEI. Busts as on the preced-
ing aureus. 110 grs. [No. 491.]
The above two coins vary in detail and legends from
all the three varieties of this rare type described in
Cohen.
JULIA DOMNA.
96. Obv.— IYLIA DOMNA AYG. Draped bust to r.
Rev.— EOMAE AETEENAE. Helmeted figure of Eoma
seated to left on a buckler, holding in her right
hand a Yictory with palm and wreath, and in
her left a sceptre. In exergue S S- 111 grs.
[No. 492.]
This coin is of light-coloured gold, and appears to be
of Oriental origin. No other piece of Julia is known
with this reverse legend, although it occurs on coins of
Severus, and of his two sons, Caracalla and Geta. I am
unaware of the meaning of the two letters — which appear
to be P's retrograde — in the exergue on the reverse.
CARACALLA.
97. Qlv.— M. AYE. ANTONINYS CAES. Bareheaded
young bust to r., draped and cuirassed.
.&>«?.— SPEI PEEPETYAE. Hope to 1., holding a
flower in her right hand, and raising her robe
with her left. 1 13 grs. [No. 505.]
I have given this aureus as it is described by Cohen
(No. 593) from this example only, then in the De Quelen
cabinet. Though not so described, there are distinct
traces of a cuirass on the shoulder.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 73
98. Obv.— ANTONINVS PIVS AVG. Young bust,
laureate, draped, and cuirassed, to r.
Rev.— INDVLGENTIA AVGG. IN CAETH. The
celestial goddess of Carthage, holding a ful-
men (?) and a sceptre, seated on a lion running
tor.; beneath, waters flow from a rock. 110
grs. [No. 512.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 96).
99. Obv.— ANTONINVS PIVS AVGK Young laureate
and draped bust to r.
Rev. — COS. II. (in exergue). Caracalla in a quadriga to
r., holding a sceptre, surmounted by an eagle,
llljgrs. [No. 513.]
This coin was purchased at the Vicomte de Ponton
d'Amecourt's sale, and varies from Cohen (No. 37), which
was described from an example in the British Museum, in
there being no cuirass visible on the bust of the Emperor.
100. Olv.— ANTONINVS PIVS AVG. Young laureate
and draped bust to r.
Rev.— PONTIF. TE. P. VIII. COS. II. Mars, nude,
to 1. ; his left shoulder covered by a mantle, and
his foot on a helmet ; he holds a branch and a
spear. 110^ grs. [No. 514.]
This varies in like manner from Cohen (No. 419) in
there being no cuirass visible.
101. Olv.— ANTONINVS PIVS AVG. GEEM. Draped
and cuirassed bust to r., wearing a radiate
crown.
Rev.— P.M. TE. P. XVIIII. COS. IIII. P. P. Sol,
with right hand raised, and in his left a whip,
mounting a quadriga, of which the horses are
galloping to the left. 206 grs. [No. 519.]
This so-called medallion is unpublished, and is probably
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. L
74 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
a double aureus. A large brass piece of a similar design
is described by Cohen (No. 327). Gold medallions of
this Emperor are excessively rare ; only two others are
described by Cohen — one (No. 293) being in the French
Cabinet, and the other (No. 341) in the British Museum.
102. Olv.— ANTONINVS PIYS AVG. GEEM. Laureate
and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— P.M. TE. P. XVIII. COS. IIII. P.P. Caracalla
in military apparel to 1., accompanied by a
senator (?), sacrificing at an altar ; to the left, a
standard and a temple with four columns, seen
from the side, in the forepart of which is a statue
of Aesculapius holding a rod and serpent, behind
him a neophyte 3 (?). 1 12£ grs. [No. 517.]
This is a very interesting aureus, and is a variety of
Cohen (No. 317), which was described from an example
in the British Museum. The weight is noteworthy, as
the piece is pierced by two fairly large holes. Another
example, with the bust to the left laureate and draped,
appears in the Ancien Catalogue of (but does not now exist
in) the French Cabinet. Whether the small figure within
the cella of the temple is a child, as suggested by Cohen,
or a neophyte, as I suggest, may be problematical. In
the Numismatic Chronicle, vol. ii., 3rd Series) p. 47, Mr.
Warwick Wroth refers to the coin in the British Museum,
and shows that it records Caracalla *s sacrifice to Aescu-
lapius at Pergamon, and that the date, A.D. 215, is that
of the very year after his visit to that Asiatic city. The
Greek imperial coins of Pergamon with Aesculapian
types are fairly numerous, owing to the Emperor's visit,
and to his partiality to the cult of that divinity.
3 Probably Telesphorus.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 75
103. Obv.— ANTONINYS PIVS AYG. GEEM. Laureate
and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— P.M. TE.P. XYIII. COS. IIII. P. P. The super-
structure of a round temple, beneath which is
an altar, at which the Emperor is sacrificing;
behind him, a togated figure and a boy. On
the other side of the altar is a veiled priest,
accompanied by a neophyte, behind whom is a
roughly executed figure of another priest (?).
The chief priest holds in his hand an object,
which may be the key of the temple, or it may
be a portable pedestal, upon which is a figure of
a god, which otherwise may be considered as
being erected within the cella of the temple.
This figure cannot be Aesculapius, but may be a
poorly executed representation of Telesphorus.
lll^grs. [No. 518.] PI. II. 13.
This most interesting aureus is unpublished, but may
be the same example as that shortly described in the
sale catalogue of General Moore's Greek and Roman
coins (Sotheby's, 1889, Lot 806). The round temple
differs so materially from the ordinary representation of
the temple of Aesculapius, that it must be that of some
other god, or possibly an Aesculapian shrine in some city
other than Pergamon ; unless, indeed, it be a second
temple, hitherto not depicted, in the last-mentioned city.
104. Obv.— ANTONINYS PIYS AYG. GEEM. Laureate,
draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— P.M. TE. P. XX. COS. IIII. P. P. Jupiter
Serapis seated to 1., holding ears of corn (?) and
a sceptre. 99 grs. [No. 520.]
This is a variety of Cohen (No. 384), which latter is
described only from an example in the D'Amecourt Col-
lection (sale catalogue, No. 428). Cohen errs in de-
scribing the bust of that specimen as being draped; it
has merely a cuirass, without any signs of drapery, and is
76 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
a very different treatment of the bust in that respect from
that represented on my coin. The light weight of this
piece, which is in the finest condition, is noteworthy.
GETA.
105. Obv.—P. SEPT. GETA CAES. PONT. Young hust
to r., draped and cuirassed.
Rev. — CASTOR. Castor to 1., before his horse, against
which he supports himself, and which he holds
by the reins ; in his left hand is a sceptre. 112
grs. [No. 530.]
This is described in Cohen (No. 11) from an example
in the Caylus collection only. The author does not, how-
ever, mention the cuirass, and raises a doubt, which, I
think, my specimen clears up, as to whether the object
held by Castor is a sceptre or a spear.
106. Obv.— P. SEPT. GETA PIVS AVG. BEIT. Laureate
bust to r., with signs of aegis.
Rev.— PONTIF . TE. P. III. COS. II. Peace or
Felicity to 1., holding in her right hand a cornu-
copiae, in her left a caduceus. 1 14| grs. [No.
533.]
This is unpublished in gold, but is described in silver
by Cohen (No. 149), and is a common piece in that metal.
It was formerly in the D'Amecourt collection (Lot 440).
DlADUMENIANUS.
107. Obv.— M. OPEL. ANT. DIADVMENIAN. CAES.
Draped bust to r.
Rev.— PEINC. IVVENTVTIS. Diadumenian to L,
but with his head to r. ; in his right hand,
an ensign surmounted by an eagle ; in his left,
a sceptre ; behind him, two ensigns, one sur-
mounted by an eagle, the other by a hand(?).
grs. [No. 538.] PI. II. 14.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 77
There is no coin in my collection which has cost me so
many hours' (I may say, days') study as this piece, owing
to the fact that the example in the British Museum,
formerly in the Dupre and Wigan collections, has been
viewed with some suspicion. I have come to the con-
clusion, in which I have the consensus of Dr. Head,
M. Feuardent, Cav. Francesco Grnecchi, and other well-
known judges, that the genuineness of this piece is
unassailable. Another example, sold in the D'Amecourt
collection (Lot No. 446) for 2,550 francs, is now in
the cabinet of Herr Consul Weber, of Hamburg, who
also has no doubt of its authenticity. There is another
in the Brera collection at Milan, but these all wholly
differ in fabric from Cohen (No. 2) in the French
cabinet, and I venture to suggest that that may be of
Roman work, and mine of provincial origin. Becker
concocted two or three dies of Diadumenian's aurei,
but not one of them corresponds to the piece de-
scribed, which, in other respects, seems to have no cause
for suspicion, beyond the somewhat weak lettering of the
words of the legend on the reverse; a feature which,
however, also occurs on some of the coins of Macrinus.
I may add lastly that my piece was purchased by me of
MM. Rollin and Feuardent, who had previously acquired
it from the late Gr. I. Demetrio, of Eamleh, a most con-
scientious savant, whose original letter on the subject is
in my possession. He states that he bought it from a
Cairo merchant, in whom he had the fullest confidence,
and who informed him that it had been found in Upper
Egypt at Akhmim (Panopolite Nome), and that the
fellah who found it, when digging, had given it to his
wife, who wore it round her neck. A Copt bought it
from her, and sold it at Cairo to the before- mentioned
78 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
merchant. While on the subject, I may refer to Cohen's
No. 5, which is stated to be described from a piece in the
British Museum. There is no such piece there, nor any
other aureus of this Emperor than that referred to by me.
ELAGABALUS.
108. Olv.— IMP. 0. M. AYE. ANTONINVS P. F. AVG.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— EECTOE OEBIS. The nude figure of Elaga-
balus to 1., laureate, and with a mantle thrown
over his left shoulder; in his right hand a
globe, and in his left a spear. 113 grs. [No.
549.]
This unpublished piece (from the D'Amecourt sale,
Lot 460) is of a very large module, and is evidently of
Asiatic fabric. The proud title of EECTOE OEBIS
has not been previously recorded as occurring on any of
his coins, though it is found upon those of Didius
Julianus, Septimius Severus, and Caracalla.
1 09. A similar piece, but with the head of the Emperor to
1. instead of to r. 11 1£ grs. [No. 550.]
This is also unpublished, and probably unique. It is
somewhat peculiar that these pieces of large module
should be of such comparatively light weight, but the
flans are, of course, somewhat thinner than those of
the ordinary type.
SEVERTJS ALEXANDER.
110. Obv.— IMP. ALEXANDEE PIVS AVG. Laureate,
draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— MAES VLTOE. Mars in military dress to r., hold-
ing a spear and a buckler. 109£ grs. [No. 562.]
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 79
This piece (with, the omission of any reference to the
cuirass on the bust) is described by Cohen (No. 160) from
the Ancien Catalogue of the French Cabinet only. The
reading on the obverse is a very rare form on the coins of
this Emperor.
111. Obv.— IMP. C. M. AVG. SEV. ALEXAND. AVG.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— P.M. TE. P. YIL COS. IT. P. P. Mars, nude,
helmeted, with flowing mantle, marching to r.,
carrying a spear and a trophy. 94£ grs. [No.
559.]
This also is described by Cohen (No. 331) only from
the Ancien Catalogue, which, for the benefit of English
readers, I should explain, denotes that an example of the
piece was originally in the French Cabinet ; but it is no
longer there, owing either to the great robbery in 1831,
or some previous depredation.
112. Obv.— IMP. C. M. AYE. SEY. ALEXAND. AYG.
Laureate and draped bust to r.
Rev.— P.M. TE. P. YII. COS. II. P. P. Mars to r.,
nude, helmeted, and with flowing mantle,
carrying a spear and a trophy. A half-aureus.
48i grs. [No. 560.]
This unpublished half-aureus seems to resemble the
aureus described by Cohen (No. 331) only from the Ancien
Catalogue in the French Cabinet.
113. Olv.— IMP. SEY. ALEXAND. AYG. Laureate head
to r., with signs of aegis.
Rev.— P.M. TE. P. Vim. COS. III. P. P. Marsr
laureate, marching to r., carrying a spear and a
trophy. 100 grs. [No. 561.]
This is common, and is described by Cohen (No. 395)
in silver, but is unpublished in gold.
80 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
114. Oh.— IMP. ALEXANDER PIVS AVGK Laureate
and draped bust to r.
Rev.— P.M. TE. P. XL COS. III. P. P. Sol (perhaps
a representation of the Emperor) to 1., with
flowing mantle, raising his right hand, and
carrying a whip in his left. A half-aureus.
52£ grs. [No. 563.]
Also unpublished. It was originally in the Lefroy, and
afterwards Lord Bagot's collection, and, at the sale of
the latter, it was purchased for M. Belfort, who subse-
quently disposed of his own cabinet. The half-aurei of
Severus Alexander are very rare, only four types being
described by Cohen, not one of which is in the French
Cabinet. Two are in the British Museum, one in Vienna,
and the fourth is described from Caylus only. There is
apparently no justification for the denomination of
" quinarius " used by Cohen and other authors in describ-
ing the half-aureus. The quinarius can, as its derivation
shows, only apply to a half-denarius.
URANITJS ANTONINUS.
115. Olv.— L. IYL. AYE. SVLP. (L and P in ligature)
ANTONINYS. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed
bust to 1.
Rev.— SAECVLAEES AYGGK A cippus, inscribed
COS. I, with traces of another S before the I.
81 grs. [No. 567.] PL II. 15.
This unique piece is from the Belfort sale (Lot 1,417),
and brings to mind a very similar one, issued by
Philip I., the cippus on which is inscribed COS III. My
coin is described by Froehner in the Annuaire de la Societe
de Numismatique, 1886, p. 161.
116. Obv.— L. IYL. AYE. SYLP. YEA. ANTONINYS.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 81
^.—VICTORIA AVG. Victory to 1., holding a
wreath and a palm-branch. 89 grs. [No. 568.]
PL II. 16.
This also appears to be unique and unpublished. The
aurei of Uranius Antoninus, though still of excessive
rarity, are not quite so rare now aa was the case formerly.
There appears to have been a small find of them recently,
in which were contained several new types. In my
collection I have two other aurei, one (Cohen No. 1) of the
CONSERVATOR AVG. type, from the same die as the
one in the British Museum, and another of the FECVN-
DITAS AVG. (the most ordinary) type. M. Lenormant,
in the Revue Numumatlque, 1843, pp. 255-278, has written
fully concerning the reign and coins of this tyrant, and
suggests the attribution of the latter to the time of Severus
Alexander, and I agree with him that they were probably
struck at Emisa, in Syria. Cohen is of the same opinion
as Froehner, instancing as a further confirmation of the
date to which these pieces are attributed, the fact that
they resemble in fabric the aurei of Elagabalus struck in
Syria. On the other hand, I cannot avoid thinking that
the coin inscribed SAECVLARES AVGG. is in imitation
of the coin of Philip, struck by him on his commemorating,
by means of the Ludi Saeculares, the thousandth anniver-
sary of the date when Rome was founded. The AVGG.
may in that case refer to Philip and Uranius (and not to
Philip and his son, as on his coin), in the same way as
Carausius, under similar circumstances, struck pieces
associating his own name with that of Diocletian and
Maximianus. In that case, however, Uranius could not
have perished, as Lenormant suggests, before Severus
Alexander crossed over into Asia in 231 A.D., but must
have continued to strike until, at all events, 248 A.D.,
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. M
82 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
when the Ludi Saeculares were celebrated ; unless, indeed,
some subsequent pretender continued to strike in his
name.
GORDIAN III.
117. Olv.— IMP. CAES. GORDIANYS PIVS AYG. Lau-
reate bust to r.
Rev.— P.M. TR. P. II. COS. P.P. Gordianus, veiled, to
1., sacrificing at a tripod, and holding a sceptre.
74£ grs. [No. 574.]
This differs from Cohen (Nos. 209 and 214), on which
the obverse legends are IMP . CAESAR M . ANT . GOR-
DIANVS AVGK and IMP . GORDIANYS PIYS FEL .
AYG. respectively.
118. Obv.— IMP. CAES. GORDIANYS PIVS AYG. Lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— LIBERALITAS AYG. II. Liberality to 1.,
holding a tessera and a double cornucopiae.
78J grs. [No. 573.]
This again differs on the obverse only from Cohen
(No. 129) on which there is no drapery or cuirass, and
the le&end runs IMP . CAES . M . ANT . GORDIANYS
AYG.
PHILIP THE ELDEB.
119. Olv.— IMP. PHILIPPYS AYG. Laureate, draped,
and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— SAECYLARES AVGG. Cippus inscribed COS.
III. 72J grs. [No. 582.]
This is the example lately in the Poydenot collection,
from which Cohen (No. 191) described the type. Another
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 83
example, ten grains lighter in weight, was in the D'Ame-
court collection. I have included it in this paper partly
because it illustrates my remarks on the similar piece of
Uranius Antoninus, and partly because both Cohen and
the compiler of the sale catalogue of the Poydenot
collection (Paris, November, 1894) omit any reference to
the cuirass on the bust, which, it is true, is but slightly
depicted. A similar coin of Otacilia appears to have
been included in the Ancien Catalogue.
120. Obv.— IMP. PHILIPPYS AYG. Laureate, draped,
and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— SAECYLYM NOYYM. Temple with six columns,
in the centre of which is Jupiter (or Roma)
seated facing. 69J grs. (holed). [No. 583.]
This interesting piece (from the Belfort sale), struck
in commemoration of Rome's millennium, is unpublished,
so far as Philip is concerned, but one would have expected
to have met with an example of it, inasmuch as an exactly
similiar aureus (Cohen, No. 71) in the British Museum
was struck with the effigy of Otacilia Severa. The statue
within the temple appears to be rather that of Jupiter
than of Roma, though in connection with somewhat similar
pieces, Cohen, under Philip, described it as the former,
and, under Otacilia, as the latter.
ETRUSCILLA.
121. Obv.— HER. ETRLSCILLA(sic) AYG. Busttor.
Rev.— PYDICITJA AYG. Pudicitia seated to 1., cover-
ing her face with a veil, and holding a sceptre ;
behind her, a column. 66 grs. [No. 596.]
I obtained this coin from Germany. It is clearly an
imitation, probably Pannonian, of the well-known type
84 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
(Cohen, No. 18). The column seems to be an exaggera-
tion of the back of the seat, depicted on the original
piece.
YOLUSIANUS.
122. Obv.— IMP. CAE. C. VIB. VOLVSIANO AVG. Ea-
diate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
7^.— CONCOEDIA AYGG. Concord seated to 1.,
holding a patera and double cornucopiae ; a
star to the r., in the field. 85£ grs. [No. 605.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 24). While dealing with this
reign, I may mention that Cohen, in his valuable work,
at or about this stage, and subsequently, often neglects to
describe minutely the bust of the Emperor as in former
reigns, so that it is often doubtful whether such bust is
draped or not. As an example, No. 10, of which I have
a specimen, on which the bust is draped and cuirassed,
is described simply as bearing a laureate bust. This, I
think, should be amended in future editions. The
aurei bearing the bust, with radiate crown, are (as is the
case with the silver pieces) larger and heavier than those
with laureate busts.
123. Obv.— IMP. CAE. C. VIB. VOLVSIANO AVG. Ea-
diate and draped bust to r. (described by Cohen
as radiate only).
Rev.— PIETAS AYGG. Piety to 1., before a lighted
altar, raising both her hands. 73 grs. [No.
607.]
This is described in silver only (Cohen, No. 88). A
further example in gold, in somewhat inferior condition,
occurred in the collection of the Vicomte de Quelen.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 85
AEMILIANUS.
124. Obv.— IMP. CAES. AEMILIANVS P. F. AVG.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
j£^._DiANAE VICTEI. Diana to 1., holding in her
right hand an arrow, in her left a bow. 50£ grs.
(holed). [No. 608.]
This is a variety of Cohen (No. 9). The aurei of
Aemilian are excessively rare, and but very few examples
are known. The specimen described by Cohen (No. 4) is
the example in the British Museum, which, however, is
distinctly and unmistakably one of Becker's forgeries.
VALERIAN.
125. Obv.— IMP. C. P. LIC. VALEEIANVS AYGK Lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— P.M. TE. P. III. COS. III. P. P. Valerian, veiled,
to r., sacrificing at a lighted tripod, and holding
a sceptre surmounted by an eagle. 581 grs.
[No. 609.]
This is described by Cohen (No. 162) from an example
(which may be mine) from the Verde de Moustier only.
The legend on the obverse does not include P . F., as would
be inferred from his description both of this piece and of
a similar type in the D'Amecourt collection. Of the
latter he gives an illustration, on which the legend reads
correctly.
126. Olv.— IMP. 0. P. LIC. VALEEIANVS P.P. AVG.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— EESTITVTOE OEBIS. Valerian in military
apparel to 1., raising a kneeling woman with
turreted crown ; in his left hand, a spear.
63^ grs. [No. 613.]
Cohen (No. 181) describes a half-aureus only of this
86 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
type, which is in the French National Collection. The
aureus appears to be unpublished.
127. Obv.— IMP. C. P. LIO. VALEEIANVS AVG. Lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— EOMAE AETEENAE. Eoma seated to 1., on
a buckler, holding a Victory and a spear.
grs. [No. 614.]
Described by Cohen (No. 191) from the Ancien Cata-
logue only.
128. Olv.— IMP. C. P. LIC. VALEEIANVS P. F. AVG.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
AVGG. Mars marching to r., holding
a spear and a trophy. 37 grs. [No. BIS.]
Unpublished in gold, though on a billon coin a similar
reverse type, but with the Emperor's head on the obverse
radiate, was in the possession of MM. Eollin and Feuardent,
and is described by Cohen (No. 267). My piece is some-
what small in size, and not in the highest state of preser-
vation ; hence its light weight.
GALLIENTJS.
129. Olv.— IMP. C. P. LIC. GALLIENVS P.F. AVG.
Laureate and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— VIETVS AVGG. Mars marching to r., holding
a spear and a trophy. 32 grs. [No. 620.]
Except as regards the bust and obverse legend, this
unpublished variety resembles Cohen (No. 1,269), which
is described from Caylus only.
130. Olv.— IMP. GALLIENVS AVG. Laureate head to r.
Rev.— ABVNDANTIA AVG. Abundance to r., empty-
ing her cornucopiae. 22| grs. [No. 622.]
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 87
This seems to correspond with. Cohen (No. 3), which is
described from the Schellersheim collection only, and is
denominated a quinarius. The weight of my piece would
not, under any other reign, be inconsistent with this
attribution, but I have long since given up the task of
attempting to reconcile or fix any reasonable basis for the
weights of the gold coins of this Emperor.
131. Olv.— GALLIENVS AVG. Laureate, draped, and
cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— AETERNITAS AVG. The Sun, radiate, to 1.,
raising his right hand, and holding a globe in
his left. 14£ grs. [No. 623.]
"Whether this very small piece is the one intended to
be described by Cohen (No. 43) or not, it is difficult to
know. He states that it is of very small module, and that
it was in the possession of M. Rollin. My example came
from the D'Amecourt collection, and the figure of the
Sun is turned to the left as on the gold piece (Cohen,
No. 37), and is not facing, as described by the author.
132. Olv.— GALLIENVS AVG. Laureate and cuirassed
bust to r.
Rev.— FECVNDITAS AVG. Fecundity to 1., extend-
ing her right hand to a child, and in her left
holding a cornucopiae. 23 grs. [No. 624.]
The only coin hitherto published bearing this legend is
a billon piece described by Cohen (No. 179).
133. Olv.— GALLIENVS AVG. Eadiate bust to r.
Rev.— FIDEI PRAET. Three military ensigns. 81f
grs. [No. 625.] PI. II. 17.
Described (Cohen, No. 215) .from the Ancien Cata-
logue only.
88 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
134. Obv.— GALLIENYS P. F. AYG. Laureate, draped,
and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— FOETYNA EEDYX. Fortune to 1., holding in
her right hand a rudder, under which is a
globe ; in her left, a cornucopiae ; in field on r.
S . 22£ grs. [No. 627.]
This appears to be the identical specimen which was in
the D'Amecourt collection, and from which Cohen's
description (No. 274) was taken. The author, however,
has omitted to refer to the letter on the right in the field,
which seems to be S.
135. Obv.— IMP. GALLIENYS PIYS FEL. AYG. Hel-
meted and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev. — IANO PATEI. Janus to 1., holding a patera and
a sceptre. 67£ grs. [No. 629.]
Cohen describes this rare piece (No. 320) from the
Ancien Catalogue only. The type of both the
Emperor's bust and that of Janus is sufficient to con-
stitute this an exceptionally interesting coin, and it is to
be regretted that its state of preservation leaves much to
be desired. So extended a time during the reign of
Gallienus was devoted to warlike enterprise, that it can be
well imagined that any coin representing the cult of Janus
should have been struck but in very small quantities,
and should, therefore, be now of great rarity.
136. Obv.— GALLIENYS AYG. Eadiate head to r.
Rev.— LIBEEAL. AYG. Liberality to 1., holding
tessera and cornucopiae; in the field to 1., P.
64| grs. [No. 631.]
This is a variety of Cohen (No. 561), on which the bust
is apparently cuirassed.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 89
137. Olv.— IMP. C. P. LIC. GALLIENVS AVG. Laureate
and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.— PROVIDENTIA AVGG. Providence to 1., hold-
ing in her right hand a wand, with which she
indicates a globe at her feet; and in her left
hand, a cornucopiae. 43 grs. [No. 618.]
This unpublished piece resembles, in all but the ob-
verse legend, the half-aureus described by Cohen under
No. 879.
138. Obv.— GALLIENVS AVGK Laureate bust to r.
Rev. — YBIQVE PAX. Victory in biga to r. 20 grs.
[No. 635.]
The coins with this reverse type have always a more or
less satirical aspect. Some bear the legend GfALLIENAE
AVGVSTAE, whilst others bear the Emperor's bust
crowned with corn-wreaths or grass. I find no record of
any with the laureate bust.
SALONINUS (Son of Gallienus).
139. Olv.— DIYO CAES. VALEBIANO. Draped and
cuirassed bust to r.
T&t?.— CONSECKATIO. Eagle with open wings to 1.,
looking to the right. 37 grs. [No. 646.]
This piece was evidently struck on the death of
Saloninus, and although included in the De Quelen sale
(Lot 1,726), whence it came into my collection, it is not
published by Cohen. The same coin probably figured
as Lot 1,806 in the sale, in 1878, of Roman coins belong-
ing to M. Jarry of Orleans.
[H. MONTAGU.]
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. N
MISCELLANEA.
THREE RARE MEDALS MADE BY W. MOSSOP. — William
Mossop (born 1751, died 1806), a working jeweller and die-
sinker in Dublin, who designed and executed several original
medals of high character and superior workmanship about one
hundred years ago, none of which are more remarkable than
his first untrained effort in rnedallic art, that of a portrait of
the play-actor, Thomas Ryder, struck in 1782, was accustomed
to rely altogether on his own genius and skill in design in
the preparation of delicate wax models and in the subsequent
preparation of the steel dies for striking his medals. In other
words, his works are strictly his own, both in conception
and execution, not copied from or prompted by extraneous sug-
gestions. To this general statement the three medals now
described are exceptional, for they are beyond question, to a
large extent, replicas of originals made at Berlin. The com-
plete set of these Berlin medals are six in number, the work of
Ferdinand and Daniel Loos in the year 1794, intended to
record the excesses of the French Revolution, the death of
Louis XVI., of Marie Antoinette, and of their son, the unfor-
tunate Dauphin. There are two silver medals belonging to this
series in my possession, which are submitted for comparison
with the " Mossop " medals to be subsequently described.
No, 1. Louis XVI. — Head of King to right, with flowing
hair, inscribed, LOUIS XVI. ROI DE FR. IM-
MOLJB PAR LES FACTIEUX. Beneath the
neck in small letters F. L.
Rev. — A veiled woman weeping, seated beside an urn
inscribed LOUIS XVI. ; the woman's robe is
covered with fleur-de-lis, and at her feet are a
torn scroll, upturned crown, axe, and loosened
bundle of fasces. Above is a cloud, ^ from
which lightning issues. Motto, PLEURES ET
VENOMS LE! In the exergue, LE XXI
IANVIER MDCCXCIII.
Size 1'2, silver.
MISCELLANEA. 91
Although Mossop engraved a replica of this medal contrary
to his ordinary practice, he appears to have contemplated pre-
paring another die, after a portrait modelled by himself; for I
possess a work of this kind executed in modelling wax on a
piece of ordinary slate, which was the usual procedure with
him when making original designs. I have several of these
wax preparations by him intended subsequently to be utilised
for medals.
No. 2. Marie Antoinette. — Head and clothed bust of the
Queen to left, wearing on her breast a medallion
of Louis XVI., inscribed, MARIE ANTOINETTE
HEINE DE FRANCE, and in small letters un-
derneath, LOOS.
Rev. — A Fury holding a torch and weighing in scales
a dagger against a crown inscribed LA LOI.
Inscription, I'ACCUSE IE IUGE I'EXTER-
MINE. In the exergue, LE XVI OCTOBRE
MDCCXCIIL
Size 1'2, silver.
MOSSOP'S MEDALS.
No. 1. Louis XVI. — The obv. and rev. copied closely
from the medal by Loos. The inscriptions are in
larger letters, to admit of which the size of the
medal is somewhat enlarged, being 1'3. Beneath
the head of the King, in small letters, is seen
w. M.
Size 1'3, white metal.
No. 2. Marie Antoinette. — This medal differs in details
from that made by Loos. The bust looks to right,
the hair is arranged with pearls, and the back
part or knot appears to resemble a small crown :
dress ornamented with lis and jewels. Inscrip-
tion, MARIE ANTOINETTE REINE DE
FRANCE. In minute letters under head, w. M.
Rev.— Inscription in five lines: IMMOLEE | PAR LES
FACTIEUX I LE 16. OCT. 1793. = PLEURKS
ET | VENGES LA !
Size 1*35, white metal.
No. 3 The Dauphin. — Bust with long hair, clothed, to
right. LOUIS XVII ROI DE FRANCE. In
minute letters below head, w. M.
92 NUMISMATIC CHRCWICLE.
Rev.— Inscription in five lines : SI TOT | QU'IL HAIT
UN ROI | DOIT ON CESSER | DE L'^TRE?
1793.
Size 1'2, struck in white metal.
These three medals were acquired from separate sources and
at long intervals. I obtained my first acquaintance with the
series through a friend who permitted me to have a replica in
electrotype of the last piece, as he wished to retain the original,
which was struck in white metal. I have lately ascertained
that a similar white metal impression was in the possession of
Sir Frederick Shaw, Bart., and am able to exhibit it, together
with my electrotype. There are therefore now two impressions
of this medal of the Dauphin known to me.
Some years subsequent to this discovery I purchased in
Dublin the medal relating to the death of Louis XVI., also
in white metal. I know of no other example than this one.
At a still later date the medal relating to Marie Antoinette
reached me, together with a small miscellaneous collection of
coins and medals. This also is the only specimen that has
come under my notice.
Two of these medals are briefly noticed in a paper by me on
the " Medallists of Ireland and their Work " (see vol. vii., 4th
Series, Kilkenny Archceological Journal for 1885-86). The
third medal of the series is undescribed, and as they are all
rare and almost unknown, I believe they deserve to obtain
wider attention. Why they were made we know not, for there
is no reference to them in an old published list of Mossop's
medals. Perhaps they were struck at the request of some
French emigrant, of whom numbers came to Ireland during the
Revolution. Perhaps they were trial pieces to occupy the
artist's leisure hours. At all events, few appear to have been
struck, and the dies have disappeared. It is fortunate they all
are marked by Mossop's well-known initials, W. M., and can
thus be identified as his work ; for at least they are credit-
able specimens of his skill. I should say that original im-
pressions in white metal of any of the elder Mossop's medals
are exceptionally rare, as he did not strike them for general
circulation. Many of his dies were in the possession of the
late Mr. Woodhouse, and from them white metal impres-
sions were struck as special specimens for the late Dr. Joly
and for my cabinet, and there are in my possession two
of his steel dies. There are also about six dies in the Royal
Irish Academy Museum. Where the others are at present I
do not know.
W. FRAZEK.
Man. Cfavn,.Ser.//l. Vol.
,•
/R
O I N O AN DA
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?W
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w '-- -~^^
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TERMESSOS MINOR
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TERMESSOS MAJOR OR MINOR
8 /E
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TERMESSOS MAJOR
OINOANDA, TERMESSOS MAJOR & MINOR.
Mtm,. Cknm,.Serjn. Vvl.IWI.Pl.lI.
ROMAN GOLD COINS
MONTAGU COLLECTION.
Y.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM
IN 1896.
(See Plates III., IV., V., VI.)
THE following table has been prepared to show the nume-
rical increase of the British Museum collection of Greek
coins since the year 1887, and includes the acquisitions
of 1896 (January to December), which form the subject
of the present paper.1
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED 1887 — 1896.
Year.
Gold and
Electrum.
Silver.
Bronze, &c.
Total.
1887
8
58
110
176
1888
10
217
228
455
1889
12
65
270
347
1890
5
102
70
177
1891
16
280
73
369
1892
10
99
348
457
1893
4
118
281
403
1894
31
164
453
648
1895
20
178
479
677
1896
54
428
170
652
Total . .
170
1,709
2,482
4,361
1 Important Greek acquisitions of the Department of Coins
and Medals from the year 1887 onwards will be found described
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. O
94 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
During the last three years the collection has increased
with great rapidity, and the additions during that period
are only about 400 less than those of the seven years
1887 — 1893 ; 652, the total number of coins acquired
during 1896, is only exceeded by the total for the year
1895, but the acquisitions of 1896 far surpass not only
1895 but any previous year in respect of their rarity,
beauty, and costliness. This is due to the circumstance
that Her Majesty's Treasury has, on the urgent repre-
sentation of the Keeper of Coins and the Trustees of the
Museum, made to the department a liberal special grant,
which has been wholly expended at the magnificent coin
sales of the late Mr. Hyman Montagu and the late Sir
Edward Bunbury.
The Montagu Sale of Greek coins took place at
Sotheby's in March, 1896,2 and the Bunbury collection
was sold during the same year in two portions, the
first in June, the second in December. As will be seen
from the list of lots appended to this article, the British
Museum bought largely, both at the Montagu and Bun-
bury sales,3 and the coins thus procured form the bulk of
the Greek acquisitions during the past year. A certain
by me in the Numismatic Chronicle for 1888, p. 1 f . ; 1889,
p. 249 f. ; 1890, p. 811 f. ; 1891, p. 116 f. ; 1891, p. 117 f. ;
1892, p. 1 f. ; 1898, p. 1 f. ; 1894, p. 1 f. ; 1895, p. 89 f. ;
1896, p. 85 f. I have had the advantage of consulting the
section on Greek coins written by Mr. Barclay Head for the
Report on the British Museum annually presented to the House
of Commons.
2 A supplementary sale took place in March, 1897.
3 The Museum bought both at the first and second Bunbury
sale. Its acquisitions at the second sale (December, 1896) are
not, however, referred to in the present paper, on account of
their being entered, for convenience, in the official registers for
1897, I hope, next year, to give an account of some interesting
pieces from this second sale.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 95
number of additions to the Greek series are, however,
gifts, due to the kindness of the late Sir Edwaxd Bun-
bury (see infra, No. 1 and PL VI.) ; Sir Henry Bunbury,4
Mr. E. Grant Duff, the Egypt Exploration Fund, the late
Sir Wollaston Franks, Mr. L. A. Lawrence, Mr. W. R.
Paton, Mr. C. E,. Peers, and Dr. Hermann Weber.5
In the present paper it has only been possible to make
a comparatively small selection from the treasures recently
acquired, but I am glad to be able to illustrate, in the
four accompaying plates, nearly all the specimens that
have been selected for notice.
ITALIAN AES SIGNATUM.
1. Obv. — Bull walking r. ; head facing.
Rev. — Bull walking 1. ; head facing.
2B. Size, 6-7 x 3-7 inch. Wt. 27,627 grs.
[PI. VI., rev. actual size.]
This fine example of the quincussis was once in the
Pembroke collection. The engraving of it given in
the Pembroke Num. Ant., iii. 119, under the heading
Nummus Graecorum antiquissimus, inadequately repre-
sents the sturdy vigour of the original, and has caused
Milani 6 to doubt the genuineness of the specimen. A
4 Sir Henry Bunbury's gift includes four interesting coins
purchased by him at the sale of his uncle's collection (Bunbury
Sale, second portion), for presentation to the British Museum.
I hope to refer to these in a future article.
5 Two extremely interesting tetradrachms of Athens of the
archaic period, purchased by Dr. Weber at the Bunbury Sale,
June, 1896, lot 975, and kindly presented by him to the
Museum. One of these coins has already been photographed,
and fully commented on by Sir Edward Bunbury, in the Num.
Chron. for 1881, p. 77 ; PI. IV. 1.
6 Miiani in Rivista Italiana di Num. (1891), IV., p. 36, No. 6a :
p. 91.
96 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
glance at the original will, I am sure, dispel all doubts as
to its authenticity. It is of the usual brick-like form,
and is covered with a rough and irregularly distributed
patina of dull bluish-green, with here and there some
spots of green of a lighter tint. It was sold at the Pem-
broke auction in 1848 (lot 294) to Mr. Curt, and after-
wards passed into the collection of Sir Edward Bunbury,
who bequeathed it to the British Museum.
Only two other specimens of this type are known, one
at Paris,7 the other at Berlin.8 The latter formed part of
the find made in 1890 at La Bruna in Umbria, between
Spoleto and Todi. Milani,9 in his description of the quin-
cusses from this find, assigns the specimen with the bull
types to the period 272 — 262 B.C., but I agree with Dr.
Dressel 10 in thinking that specimens of this type must be-
long (if only on grounds of style) to the latter part of
the fourth century (B.C. 350—300).
TABENTUM (CALABRIA).
2. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate ; hair falling in curls ;
behind NC.
Rev.— TAPANTINflN (on r.) Eagle r., on thunder-
bolt ; beneath, IA ; before eagle, owl.
N. Size -5. Wt. 38 grs. [PL HI. 1.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 76.
A similar quarter stater is in the Berlin collection,
Dressel, Beschreibung III., pt. 1, p. 229. The owl occurs as
7 Engraved by Babelon, Monnaies de la repub. rom. I., pp. 2,
3 ; Garrucci, PI. XX., p. 11.
8 Dressel, Beschreibung der ant. Munzen, III., pt. 1, PI. C, D j
pp. ix., x.
9 Op. cit., p. 27 ff.
10 Op. cit., p. ix.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 97
a symbol on the gold staters assigned by Mr. Arthur
Evans (Horsemen of Tarentum, p. 141, JSTos. 1 — 3) to the
same period, namely, tire. B.C. 281, when the Tarentines
had called Pyrrhus to their aid.
Twelve didrachms of the horseman type were also pro-
cured at the Bunbury Sale, lots 95 and 96. The magis-
trates' names HAMMHNOZ and NOKPA given in the
Catalogue (lot 95), should be respectively corrected to
<I>IAHMENO and EENOKPATHS. The AAHN ? of
lot 96 is the magistrate [<|>]IAflN.
HERACLEA (LUCANIA).
8. Obv. — Head of young Herakles, nearly facing; wears
lion's skin ; to 1., club.
Rev.— (Traces of inscription). Herakles naked, standing
r., strangling lion ; <() between legs of Herakles ;
behind him, club.
M. -55. Wt. 16 grs. [PI. III. 2.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 87.
On the diobols the head of Herakles is usually in pro-
file. It is here represented nearly facing, and with a
peculiar intensity of expression.
LAUS (LUCANIA).
4. Obv. — Female head r., wearing wreath, earring, and neck-
lace ; hair rolled and bound with cord ; behind,
AEP ? (magistrate's name).
Rev.— AAINUN Crow standing r. ; in field r., bull's
H head reversed ; circular incuse.
M. Size -85. [PI. III. 3.]
From the T unbury Pale, June, 1896, lot 119.
98 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
A fine specimen,11 circ. B.C. 400. The wreath is almost
certainly of myrtle, and the goddess, therefore, Aphrodite.
CAULONIA (BBUTTII).
5. Obv. — Naked male figure, with long hair, advancing r. ;
r. hand upraised (holding branch) ; 1. hand ex-
tended above pedestal (or altar), on which, stag.
Rev.— KAYAHNIAT. . Stag standing r. ; behind stag,
branch of ivy with leaves and berries.
M. Size -9. Wt. 120-4 grs. [PI. III. 4.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 195.
TEBTNA (BRUTTH).
6. Obv. — Female head 1., wearing ampyx and necklace with
pendant.
Rev. — TEP INAION Nike, wearing chiton and peplos,
seated 1. on hydria ; in r. wreath ; in 1. caduceus.12
M. Size 1. Wt. 113 grs. [PI. III. 5.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 244.
GEL A (SICILY).
7. Obv. — C E A A ^ Fore-part of man-headed bull r.
(River Gelas).
Rev. — Quadriga r. ; horses crowned by Nike ; border of
dots.
M. Size -95. Wt. 266 grs. [PI. III. 7 obv.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 98 ; PI. II. 98.
11 Brit. Mus. Cat., Italy, p. 236, No. 11 ; Imhoof-Blumer,
Monnaies Grecque*, p. 4, ISo. 15.
" From the same die on both sides as Brit. Mus. Cat., Italy,
p. 387, No. 8, which is, however, in inferior preservation, and
has the reverse inscription [TEP] INAION
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 99
SYRACUSE (SICILY).
Qt Obv. — Female head 1. wearing earring and necklace ; hair
in sphendone, ornamented with stars ; around,
dolphins ; beneath, on tablet, EYKA (the en-
graver Eukleides).
Rev. — Quadriga 1. ; Nike flying r. to crown charioteer.
M. Size -95. Wt. 264 grs. [PL III. 8 obv.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 460.
9. Obv.— ^YPAKO^I. Type similar to last, varied.
Rev. — Type similar to last.
JR. Size -95. Wt. 266 grs. [PI. III. 9.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 461.
SYRACUSE.
10. Obv. — Head of Arethusa, three-quarter face, towards 1.,
wearing ampyx, earring, and necklace ; dolphins
swimming among the loose locks of hair ; above
outside border, A PEG [o^ A].
Rev.— In exergue ^YPAKO^IHN and ear of barley.
Quadriga driven 1. by male charioteer holding
long goad ; horses in high action ; above, Nike
flying r. to crown charioteer ; on exergual line,
KIM11N ; plain border.
JR. Size 1-1. Wt. 263-2 grs. [PI. III. 6.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 154.
AMPHIPOLIS (MACEDONIA).
11. Obv. — Head of Apollo, three-quarter face, towards r. ;
laureate ; border of dots.
.Rev.— AM<NnOAITEflN written on a raised frame,
within whieh is a torch ; whole in incuse square.
M. Size 1. Wt 219 grs. [PI. III. 10.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 662.
100 NUMISMATIC CHROMICLE.
CHALCIDICE
12. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate, hair short.
Eev. — X A A K I A E H N Lyre with seven strings ;
incuse square.
M. Size -95. Wt. 221-5 grs. [PI. III. 11.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 199.
The tetradrachms of the Federal Currency of the Chal-
cidian League, B.C. 392 — 379, though uniform in type,
vary much, as regards the obverse, in style and treatment.
Not less than four principal styles may be distinguished.
I. A head of Apollo treated with great purity and sim-
plicity, exemplified at its best in the fine specimen here
photographed. Imitations of this faultless original die
seem to have been not unfrequently undertaken at the
Chalcidian mint (Olynthus). The specimen figured in
the Guide to the Coins of the Ancients, PI. XXI. No. 10,
is an instance; but the nose and the mouth, and especially
the eye, are often clumsily dealt with, and betray the hand
of the mere mechanic. II. A type of the same simplicity as
No. I, but the head more feminine and the cheeks fuller
(hair short). A beautiful specimen is in the British
Museum, Guide to the Coins of the Ancients, PL XXI.
No. 11. III. A head of Apollo somewhat resembling
Demeter or Persephone ; hair long ; the wreath often in
very high relief : Brit. Mus. Cat., Macedon, No. 8 ; Yon
Sallet, Beschreibung, ii. PL IV. 30 ; Loebbecke, Z. F. N.9
xvii. PL IV. 3. IY. A head generally resembling No. III.,
but characterised by the rich treatment of the hair and
wreath, the latter being composed of berries as well as of
leaves minutely veined : Num. Chron., 1890, PL XIX.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 101
5,13 p. 316 ; cp. Num. Chron., 1891, p. 116 ; see also Greau,
Deneript. des med. Gr., Paris, 1867, PL II. 1120. (Cp.
Brit. Hus. Cat., Macedon, No. 11).
ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
13. Obv. — Head of Herakles r., in lion's skin ; border of dots.
Rev. — AAEEANAPoY Zeus seated 1., holding eagle
and sceptre ; beneath seat ME ; before Zeus,
conical stone surmounted by star, and 0.
M. Size 1-2. Wt. 262-5 grs. (=Miffler,
No. 645.) [PI. IV. 1.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 760.
ODESSUS (THRACE).
14. Obv. — Bearded male head r., bound with taenia.
Eev.— 0EOY MEfAAOY OAH Bearded male
figure, wearing taenia, chiton, and himation,
standing 1. ; in outstretched r. patera ; in 1. cor-
nucopiae ; in exergue, KYPXA (magistrate's
name).
M. Size 1-25. Wt. 247 grs. [PI. IV. 2.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 288.
The obverse and reverse of this rare tetradrachm 14 (circ.
B.C. 200 or later) evidently represent the same divinity.
The cornucopias is an attribute, though a comparatively
rare one, of Sarapis, and on the Imperial coins of Odessus
figures of an undoubted Sarapis occur.15 On the other
13 The photograph is unsatisfactory, and fails to reproduce the
details of the original.
14 Mion. I. p. 395, 221 ; Planches, 69, 5 ; Michaelis, " Sarapis
standing" in Journal of Hellenic Studies, vi., p. 800 ff. Pi. E,
No. 12; Head, Hist. Num., p. 236, Fig. 169.
15 Hades-Sarapis seated, with Kerberos ; Sarapis standing,
holding sceptre, his r. hand upraised (Pick in Num. Zeit., xxiii.,
p. 56).
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. P
102 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
hand, the god represented on this tetradrachm does not
wear a modius, the usual head-dress of Sarapis, and
the inscription 0EOY MEfAAOY seems to indicate
that a local divinity is intended. The name of the town
(OAH) is subordinated to that of the god, and the in-
scription is paralleled by the AOHNAZ IAIAAOZ and
AnOAAHNOZ ZMI0EHI:, which accompany the
figures of Athena Ilias and Apollo Smintheus on the late
tetradrachms of Ilium and Alexandria Troas, towns
where these divinities were specially worshipped.16 The
0eo9 jueya? of Odessus,17 with his cornucopia, resembles
in appearance the 'AyaOos Aal/uLtov and the Pluto of Attic
art.18 When, during the Imperial age, the cultus of
Sarapis became prevalent in Thrace and Mcesia, the local
god was probably partially assimilated to the more popular
divinity, and on the Imperial coinage of Odessus he
wears, in fact, the modius of Sarapis.19
THASOS.
15. Obv. — Head of bearded Dionysos 1., wearing wreath of
ivy leaves and berries.
Rev. — OA^ION Herakles, wearing lion's skin and skirt,
kneeling r., shooting with bow ; in field r.,
kantharos ; whole in linear square.
M. Size -95. Wt. 229 grs. [PL IV. 8.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 602.
16 Wroth, Cat. Troas, PL XI. 8 ; PL IV. 1.
17 Von Sallet, Beschreibung I., p. 193, No. 8, describes him
as der " grosse Gott" von Odessus: cp. Pick, loc. cit.
18 Michaelis, op. cit., p. 307.
19 See Michaelis, op. cit., PL E, No. 9 ; the figure holds
cornucopise and patera over altar. Cp. a similar type on
Imperial coins of Dionysopolis in Mcesia (ib. PL E, No. 11),
where the figure is probably to be described as Sarapis.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 103
The wreath on this noble head of Dionysos is more
ornately treated than is usual on coins of this type : cp.
Head, Guide to the Coins of the Ancients, PL XII. 7 ; Hist.
Num., p. 228. An interesting bas-relief20 found in Thasos
represents Herakles shooting, as on the reverse of this
coin.
PANTICAPAEUM (T AURIC CHERSONESE).
16. Obv. — Bearded male head (Satyr) to 1. ; head wreathed
with ivy ; ear pointed.
Rev.- — P A N Lion-headed griffin advancing 1., looking
to front, with spear in mouth ; beneath, corn-
stalk.
N. Size -9. Wt. 139 grs. [PI. IV. 4.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 291.
A similar specimen, struck on a smaller flan, but of
the same thin fabric, is photographed in the Montagu
Sale Catalogue, PI. Y. 290 (lot 290) ; see also Burachkov,
Greek Colonies of Southern Russia, PL XIX. 47, and Brit.
Mus. Cat., Thrace, p. 4, No. 3.
In point of art the head on this coin is inferior to the
heads found on the earlier staters (e.g., Brit. Mus. Cat.t
Thrace, p. 4, Nos. 1, 2), which represent the Satyr with
dishevelled hair — bold and original conceptions which,
if somewhat bizarre, are not gross or repulsive.
MAGNETES (THESSALY).
17. Obv. — Head of Zeus r., wreathed with oak; behind, A;
border of dots.
20 See Joubin, Bull. Corr. Hell., 1894, p. 64, PI. XVI.; cf.
S. Reinach, in Rev. Arch., 1895, p. 106.
104 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Eev.— MAFNHTI1N Artemis holding bow, seated 1.
on prow ; in front, dolphin ; in field r. ^p (?).
2R. Size -7. Wt. 64*5 grs. [PI. IV. 6 obv.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 808.
This coin is distinguished from the ordinary drachms
of the same type (cp. Brit. Mm. Cat., Thessaly, PI. VII. 2)
by the minute and careful treatment of the head of Zeus.
It has all the appearance of being a gem-engraver's
work, probably of the beginning of the second century
(circ. B.C. 196).
ALEXANDER OF PHERAE (THESSALY).
B.C. 369—357.
18. Obv. — Head of Artemis Pheraea r., wearing myrtle wreath,
earring, and necklace; beneath, EN NO [IO] X
Rev. — AAEZANAPEIA Lion's head r., mouth open.
JR. Size -7. Wt. 93-6 grs. [PL IV. 8.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 813.21
With AAEEANAPEIA the word Spaxft?) is under-
stood. The stater of Alexander is inscribed AAEZ-
ANAPEIOZ, and the triobol AAEEANAPEION.22 On
bronze coins of Pherae water is seen gushing from a
lion's mouth, and here also, no doubt, a lion fountain is
represented — Hypereia, the famous fountain of Pherae.
NICOPOLIS (EPIRUS).
19. Obv.— 0€A<I>AY CT6INA Bust of Faustina the
Elder r.
21 Originally lot 171 in the Photiades Sale, Paris, 1890.
22 Num. Chron., 1891, p. 124.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 105
Rev. — AKTI A within wreath of reeds.
M. Size -6. Wt. 26-5 grs. [PL IV. 6.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 324 ,23
A " quinarius " with the same reverse occurs under
Antoninus Pius (Gardner Cat., Thessaly, " Nicopolis," No.
24). The reverse, like many other types of the coins of
Nicopolis, refers to the Aktia instituted by Augustus
when he founded this city on the Actian promontory.
These games were of various kinds, and included nautical
sports — TrXolwv a/xtA\a : 24 the wreath of reeds represented
on the coins doubtless formed the prize in these contests.
PHOCIS.
20. Obv.— Bull's head facing.
Rev. — 4> Ii Head of Apollo r., laureate, hair flowing ;
behind, laurel branch ; incuse circle.
M. Size -55. \Vt. 44 grs. [PI. IV. 7.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 354.
Struck by the Phocians at Delphi, B.C. 355— 346.25
ATHENS.
21. Obv. — Head of Athena r., wearing helmet ornamented
with fore-parts of horses and Pegasos.
23 A specimen similar but badly preserved is described in Brit.
Mus. Cat., Thessaly, p. 105, No. 26.
24 Steph. Byz. s. v. "Anna : cp. P. Gardner in Journ. Hell.
Stud., II. 96 f.
25 Cp. Svoronos, No/xioyiaTt/o; TWI/ AeA0wi/, pp. 13 — 16 (Bull.
Corr. Hell., 1896) ; Head, Cat. Central Greece, p. 21, No. 78 ff.
106 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — A 0E Owl on amphora; in field r., star
BAZ AE between two crescents (badge of
Ml 0PA Mithradates Eupator, King of Pon-
AA tus) ; whole in olive wreath.
,THZ
APIZ
TIHN
N. Size -8. Wt. 127 grs. [PL IV. 9.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 393.
Struck at Athens B.C. 87-6 under the rule of Aristion,
the partizan of Mithradates Eupator. The Athenian
tetradrachms of the period bear the same names and
badge.26
This stater was formerly in the Photiades Collection
(1890, lot 716), and afterwards passed into Mr. Montagu's
possession. Another specimen belonged to De Luynes,
and is now in the French Collection ; a third is in the
Berlin Museum.27
ELIS.
22. Obv. — Head of Zeus r., laureate, hair long.
Rev. — F A Eagle with closed wings seated r. on capital
of Ionic column ; in field r., thunderbolt (reverse
double-struck).
N. Size 1. Wt. 188-5 grs. [PI. IV. 10.]
From the Montagu Sale, March. 1896, lot 408.28
ELIS.
23. Obv.—F A Head of Hera r., wearing earring and
Stephanos ornamented with palmettes.
26 Wroth, Cat. Pontus, p. xxvii. ; Head, Cat. Attica, p. liii ;
Babelon, Melanges, L, 195 ff.
27 Friedlaender and Von Sallet, Das K. Munzkabinet, No. 265.
28 Formerly in the Photiades Collection.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MOSEUM. 107
Rev. — Eagle r., wings open, within wreath of olive.
M. Size -95. Wt. 189 grs. [PL IV. 11.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 409.29
LACEDAEMON.
KING ABEUS ? B.C. 309 — 265.
24. Obv. — Head of king 1., beardless, diademed.
Rev.—h A The statue of the Apollo of Amyclae80 r.,
helmeted, holding in upraised r. a spear ; in 1.,
bow ; the figure ends below in a column draped
with chiton and aegis (?), and ornamented with
an aplustre surmounted by a cock ; on r. goat
standing r.
M. Size 1. Wt. 261-8 grs. [PL V. 1.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 414.31
NABIS, KING OF LACEDAEMON.
25. Obv. — Head of Nabis r., bearded, wearing laurel wreath.
Rev. — BAIAEoZ Bearded Herakles, naked, seated 1.
NABIoZ on rock covered with lion's skin;
r. hand resting on club, 1. hand on
rock.
M. Size 1-15. Wt. 263 grs. [PL V. 2.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 416.
This remarkable tetradrachm was purchased by Mr.
29 Formerly in the Photiades Collection. Cp. a similar speci-
men in the Weber Collection, Num. Chron., 1892, PL XVI. 2.
30 Described by Pausanias, III. 19, 1 ; see on the type Imhoof-
Blumer and Gardner, Num. comm. on Paws., p. 59.
31 The coin now described and figured is the specimen pur-
chased by the British Museum as lot 414. In the Sale
Catalogue, however, the description and illustration of another
similar specimen (wt. 259 grs.), also in Mr. Montagu's Collec-
tion, but not disposed of at this auction, were, by an error,
substituted (lot 414, and PL VI. 414, with wreath in field of rev.;
cp. Gardner, Brit. Mus. Cat., Peloponnesus, PL XXIV. 1).
108 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Montagu, a year or two before his death, from a well-
known London coin dealer, who obtained it, I believe,
from Greece. It has, hitherto, only been published in
the Montagu Sale Catalogue. No serious doubts as to its
genuineness can well be entertained on the ground of
style and fabric, but the inscription is peculiar. The
word BAZIAEHZ or BAZIAEOZ is blundered, and the
form NABIOZ (unless, as seems unlikely, a blunder for
NABIAOZ) is an unusual genitive form of the name
Naj3«. The same genitive, however — NABIOZ — occurs
on the Lacedaemonian tetradrachm published by M. J.
P. Lambros,32 in his Peloponnesos, p. 89, and as being
the difficilior lectio, may be regarded as a proof of the
genuineness of the two specimens on which it occurs, for
a modern forger, wishing to concoct a coin for Nabis,
would naturally have adopted the usual genitive Naj3/£os-
as found in Polybius and Diodorus.33
The tyrant Nabis ('O 8e TWV AaKe^atfjLovlwv Tvpavvos
Na/3i?« Polyb. xiii. 6), whose image and superscription
have now been brought to light, was one of the least
reputable, though not, perhaps, the least interesting, of
Hellenic rulers. He first comes into notice in B.C. 207,
when he succeeded in making himself tyrant of Lacedae-
mon on the death of Machanidas. To secure his position
he caused the young son of King Lycurgus to be assassi-
nated, and ensured himself against rivalry by murdering
or banishing his most eminent fellow-citizens. The few
wealthier citizens who remained at Sparta were forced to
32 I have throughout assumed the genuineness of this coin,
but I have not had an opportunity of seeing the original.
33 Compare the genitive EBPYXEAMIOZ on a coin of
King Hebrytelmis (or Hebryzelmis) with the genitive 'E/fyvrcA.-
iJuSog in an inscription found at Athens (Num. Chron., 1894,
p. 8).
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 109
satisfy his rapacious demands, or if they refused were put
to the torture and consigned to the deadly embrace of an
automaton, richly clothed, and resembling his wife Apega,
but having its arms and bosom studded with nails.
In this way, and by the plunder of temple treasures,
Nabis acquired money enough to raise a considerable body
of mercenaries — a band of cut-throats, thieves, and house-
breakers, selected from all the scoundrelism that had
been attracted to Sparta by his regime. He gained
further adherents by manumitting helots and slaves,
and formed a profitable alliance with the pirates of
Crete.
In the treaty between the Romans and Philip, made
in B.C. 204, Nabis appears as one of the Roman allies,
and he now begins to take a more active part in Pelo-
ponnesian affairs. On a trivial pretext he invaded the
territory of Megalopolis, and, though an ally of the
Messenians, was not deterred from seizing the city of
Messene. From about B.C. 201 Nabis was defeated or
held in check by Philopoemen, but in 198 he held pos-
session of Argos, where, more suo, he extorted money
from the rich and ingratiated himself with the poor by
cancelling debts and re-apportioning land.
The garrison of Nabis was expelled from Argos in
B.C. 195, and he had already come into contact with
Flamininus, who nearly carried Sparta by assault, and
compelled Nabis to sue for peace, to surrender his ships
and the ports of Laconia, and to pay a fine of 500 talents.
On the departure of Flamininus, Nabis formed an alliance
with the Aetolians, but was defeated by Philopoemen,
and in B.C. 192 was assassinated by Alexamenus, the
general of an Aetolian force that had been sent to his
assistance.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. Q
110 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Polybius and other ancient writers furnish further
details of the career of Nabis, but our inquiry here is
mainly concerned with his influence on the coinage of
Laconia. Two coins only bear his name — the specimen
here described and the tetradrachm figured by M. Lam-
bros, Peloponnesos, p. 89. The latter is obviously the
earlier of the two. It is inscribed NABIOZ, without
the addition of BAZIAE.QZ; and with regard to its
types is practically a mere copy of a tetradrachm already
in circulation at Sparta, with obverse, Head of Athena ;
reverse, Herakles seated, with club (Head, Historia Numo-
rum, p. 386, fig. 244).34 At a later date, perhaps after
B.C. 204, when Nabis was entering on hostilities in Pelo-
ponnese, he issued his tetradrachm (PL V. 2) with the
title of king, and with his own portrait to take the place
of the head of Athena. His head is bound with a laurel
wreath and not with the regal diadem ; but this substi-
tution of laurel wreath for diadem occurs on tetradrachms
of the kings of Pergamum. The inscription AA is
omitted, perhaps because the issuer of the coin had no
wish to confine its circulation to Laconia.
The two coins inscribed NABIOZ are of extreme
rarity, each being, so far as I know, unique. It is un-
likely, therefore, that they constituted the sole currency
of Nabis during the fifteen years of his reign. It is
34 This tetradrachm was assigned by Sir Charles Newton to
Allaria, in Crete, and his attribution was followed in the Brit.
Mus. Cat., Crete ("Allaria," No. 1), and in Mr. Head's Historia
Num. I am now convinced by the arguments of M. Svoronos
(Rev. Num., 1889, p. 169 f., PI. III., 1, 2, 3) that it was struck
at Sparta. The tetradrachms bearing the name of Nabis, and
the same seated Herakles on the reverse, are a further proof of
the Lacedaemonian origin of the coin. On the tetradrachm
with NABIOZ (Lambros, op. cit.) two stars, symbolical of the
Dioscuri, are added to the Herakles type.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. Ill
possible that on his accession he struck the tetradrachms
with the Athena head and seated Herakles (Ifist. Num.
p. 386, fig. 244), and the simple inscription AA. But,
however this may have been, he must at least have
needed some smaller denomination than a piece of four
drachms. The " small change " of the coinage of Nabis
I would recognize in the Laconian tetrobols with obv.
bearded head ; rev. A A Amphora and pilei of Dioscuri
(Gardner, Cat., Peloponnesus, "Laconia," Nos. 6—13),
and perhaps also in the bronze coins with head of
Herakles (ib. Nos. 41 — 43), and with the head of Athena
and owl (ib. Nos. 44— 46).35
The bearded head on the tetrobols just referred to (Nos.
6 — 13), is usually called Herakles, and this is, perhaps,
the safest appellation. At the same time it is worth noting
that the head is not covered with the Heraklean lion
skin (as it is on earlier coins, Gardner, op. cit. " Laconia/'
Nos. 2, 3), and that it is sometimes wreathed with laurel
(as is the head of Nabis on our tetradrachm), sometimes
with ivy, and is sometimes bound with a simple taenia.
The head, moreover, though undoubtedly suitable for
Herakles, bears a sufficient resemblance to Nabis himself
to make one suspect that his own head may be there
represented.
ELEUTHERNA (CRETE).
26. Obv. — Head of Apollo r. ; linear border.
Rev. — Apollo naked, standing 1. ; in r., stone ; in 1., bow ;
circular incuse.
M. Size -95. Wt. 177 grs. (Barbarous.)
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 431,
35 Mr. Gardner, however, assigns Nos. 41—46 to a date
subsequent to B.C. 146.
112 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This specimen, when in the collection of Admiral
Spratt, was described and photographed by M. Svoronos
in the YlpoaO^xai to his Num. de la Crete anc., p. 201,
No. 25, PL 11, 24.
ITANUS.
27. Obv. — Head of Athena 1., wearing crested Athenian helmet
ornamented with palmettes.
Rev.— ITANIftN Eagle 1., looking back; in field r.,
Glaucos (?) holding in 1. trident, his r. hand
upraised ; whole in incuse square.
M. Size -9. Wt. 160 grs. [PL V. 3.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 1196.
The head on this didrachm is of beautiful style,36 and
differs from the ordinary coins of Itanus of the same type,
which usually show traces of barbarous workmanship.
COTYS II., KING OF BOSPORUS.
28. Obv.— BAG I A€ UJC KOTYOC Bust of Cotys II. r.,
diademed ; border of dots.
Rev. — Bust of Hadrian r., laureate ; beneath, KY (year
420 = A.D. 124).37
N. Size 75. Wt. 119-5 grs. [PL V. 9.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 475.
CYZICUS (MYSIA.)
29. Obv. — Head of Kore Soteira 1., wearing earring, necklace,
stephane, corn wreath^ and veil wound round
head.
Rev. — KY . . . Apollo, wearing himation over lower
limbs, seated 1. on omphalos; in extended r.y
36 Cp. Svoronos, Num. de la Crete anc., PL XIX. 17.
37 Cp. Koehne, Mus. KotscTu.ubey, II. p. 256 ; Burachkov,
PL XXIX. 167.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 113
patera, 1. elbow supported by lyre; in field 1.
>E.38
JR. Size -7. Wt. 89-8 grs. [PI. V. 5.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 515.
TENEDOS.
30. Obv. — Janiform head, of late style (bearded male head 1.,
laureate ; female head r., wearing stephane).
Rev.— TENEAIHN Double-axe (TrAem/s) ; on 1. A and
bunch of grapes ; on r., wreath of ivy ; whole in
wreath of laurel.
JR. Size 1-2. Wt. 247 grs. [PL V. 11 rev.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 530.
Dr. Imhoof-Blumer has lately published39 an interest-
ing coin of Tenedos, showing the double-axe resting on a
stand or support. On another coin published by him,40
an amphora is attached by a taenia to the double-axe.
These types seem to prove, as Imhoof-Blumer has re-
marked, that the Tre'/Wu? of the coins represents a double-
axe consecrated as a cultus-object at Tenedos. Imhoof-
Blumer suggests that this object was dedicated in a
temple of Tenes. Suidas and Pausanias connect this
familiar badge of Tenedos with Tenes or Tennes, an
ancient king of the island; but these and similar explana-
tions found in the authors seem to be of no antiquarian
value, and to be merely aetiological.41 The double-axe
would rather appear to be connected with the god
Dionysos, of whom it was sometimes the attribute,42 and
38 Cp. Brit. Mus. Cat., Mysia, p. 36, No. 132, period ,
B.C. 330—280.
39 Zelt.fur Num., xx. p. 274, No. 2 ; PI. X. 9.
40 Op. cit., No. 1 ; PL X. 8.
41 Wroth, Cat., Troas, p. xlvi.
42 Cat., Troas, p. xlvii.
114 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the above-mentioned coin, on which an amphora is
brought into distinct connection with the TreXeKvs,
furnishes additional confirmation of this view. From
circ. 420 coins of Tenedos have, beside the double- axe
type, a bunch of grapes as a constant symbol. In addi-
tion to this symbol, other devices occur; but as these
vary a good deal, it is best to explain them as signets of
magistrates. It is perhaps, however, worthy of notice
that among these symbols several are Dionysiac, namely,
kantharos, thyrsos, grapes, amphora,43 and ivy wreath
(PL Y. 11).
LESBOS.
31. Obv. — Youthful male head r., hair short, bound with
taenia.
Rev. — Male head r., with pointed beard (Dionysos ?) ;
within incuse square.
El. Size -45. Wt. 38'2 grs. [PI. V. 4.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 545.
32, Obv.— Female head r., hair rolled.
Rev. — Head and neck of lion r. ; incuse square.
El. Size -4. Wt. 38*7 grs. [PI. V. 6.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 546.
Both these Sixths belong to the earlier part of the
finest period of the electrum coinage of Lesbos, B.C. 440
—350. No. 31 is similar to Brit. Mus. Catal., Troas,
" Lesbos," No. 56, but the obverse is much better pre-
served. A similar obverse occurs on No. 55 (&•)> wi^h
reverse, helmet and a letter that probably indicates My-
tilene as the mint- place. The head of No. 32 rather
43 Cat., Troas, p. 93.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 115
recalls the treatment of No. 58 in Catal., Troas. (PL
XXXIII. 1).
ABCHELAUS, KING OF CAPPADOCIA.
(B.C. 36— A.D. 17.)
33. Obv. — Head of Archelaus r., wearing diadem.
Rev.— BAZIAEHZ APXEAAoY (MAoHATPIAoZ
TOY KTIZToY Club; in field, K B
(year 22)."
M. Size -75. Wt. 58 grs. [PL V. 7.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 687.
ALEXANDER II. ZEBINA.
(B.O. 128—123.)
84. Obv. — Head of Alexander II. Zebina r., diademed; bead
and reel border.
Rev. — BAZIAEflZ Zeus wearing himation over
AAEZANAPoY lower limbs, and laurel
OEoY wreath, seated l.on throne ;
E fl I <!> A N O YZ in r. , Nike holding wreath ;
N I KH<l>oPoY (in ex.) in 1. sceptre.
^. Size 4-9. Wt. 133£ grs. [PI. V. 8.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 716.
This unique stater was described by Mr. Montagu in
the Numismatic Chronicle for 1892, p. 36.45 The usual
inscription on the coins of this king is simply BAZI AEHZ
AAEZANAPOY ; here three additional titles are added.
The Zeus Nikephoros of the reverse is a type familiar
in the Seleucid coinage long before the reign of Alexan-
der Zebina, but, as M. Babelon has pointed out,46 it
probably has here a special significance in connection
44 Cp. Th. Keinach, Trois Royaumes, p. 67, PI. III., 23.
45 Cp. Babelon, Rois de Syrie, p. cl.
46 Babelon, op. cit., pp. cxlix., cl.
116 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
with Alexander's action in despoiling the Temple of
Zeus at Antioch. In order to pay his troops, and,
doubtless, to strike this very coin, Alexander seized the
temple treasures and carried off the golden Nike that
rested on the hand of the statue of Zeus — " Jovis solidum
ex auro signum Victoria tolli jubet."*7 This sacrilegious
act he endeavoured to disguise by the pretext that he
accepted the victory which Zeus offered him : facetis
jocis sacrilegium circumscribens ; nam Yictoriam com-
modatam sibi ab Jove esset dicebat (Justin, loc. cit.}.
His selection of Zeus Nikephoros as a coin-type was
probably made with the same object. Shortly afterwards
Alexander made an attempt upon the statue of Zeus itself
— aureum simulacrum infiniti ponderis — but the people
of Antioch rose en masse and expelled him, and he was
subsequently put to death by his rival, Antiochus VIII.,
Grypus.
JUDAEA.
35. Half Shekel of Year 2. Usual types and inscriptions.
M. Size -75. Wt. 104 grs. [PL V. 10.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 752.
PABTHIA.
(MlTHBADATES I. (ABSACES VI.) B.C. 174 136.)
36. Obv. — Bust of Mithradates I. 1., wearing diadem, torquis,
and cuirass ; border of dots.
Rev.— BAZIAEfiZ MEfAAOV APZ AKOV
Efll<l>ANOVZ Arsaces I. seated r. on
omphalos, holding bow in r. ; behind, >j? ; in
front, palm.
M. Size, 1-8. Wt. 239 grs. [PI. V. 12, obv.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 766.
47 Justin, xxiv. 2 ; cp. Diod. Sic., xxxiv. 28.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THK BRITISH MUSEUM. 117
A similar tetradrachm in the French Collection is photo-
graphed in Gardner's Parthian Coinage, PI. I. 17 (p. 29).
ALEXANDRIA (EGYPT).
37. Obv.— ANTWN6INOC C€B€VCeB Head of An-
toninus Pius r., laureate.
Rev.— L6N A 6KATO V Naked male figure (the
Milesian Apollo) standing facing ; in r., stag r. ;
in 1., bow ; on head, wreath or taenia, indicated
by dots ; hair falls in two curls on shoulder.
Potin (or M). Size -9. [PL V. 13, rev.]
Found at Kom Washim, in Egypt, and presented (1896) by the
Egypt Exploration Fund.
This coin is in remarkably good preservation, and
differs in several respects from similar specimens already
in the British Museum. No. 936 in Poolers Catalogue,
Alexandria, shows the figure slightly turned to the left
in an attitude less rigid ; behind is seen a tripod. No.
1,028 shows the Apollo facing, standing between two
figures of Nemesis.48 These coins sufficiently resemble
the better-known coins of Miletus (Gardner, Types, PI.
XV. 15 and 16), which are generally considered to re-
produce the famous statue of Apollo (called Philesids),
at Didyma near Miletus, made by the sculptor Canachos
before B.C. 494.49 The worship of the Milesian Apollo
prevailed at Naukratis and may have extended to
Alexandria.50
WARWICK WROTH.
48 No. 937 (ib.) has the figure facing, but the coin is badly
preserved, and the object held in the right hand is doubtful.
49 See the note by Miss E. Sellers in The Elder Pliny's
Chapters on the Hist, of Art, p. 60.
50 Poole, Cat., Alexandria, p. xliii.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. R
118 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
NUMBERS OF THE LOTS PURCHASED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
I. At the Montagu Sale, March, 1896:— 37, 56, 68, 80, 95,
98, 115, 121, 151, 154, 176, 180, 196, 199, 204, 209,240, 245,
247, 256, 271, 273, 274, 283, 285, 288, 291, 295, 307, 308,
313, 324, 325, 342, 343, 346, 354, 372, 378, 392, 393, 408,
409, 414, 416, 421, 431, 445, 448, 472, 475, 486, 492, 502,
515, 522, 530, 545, 546, 567, 575, 585, 594, 595, 597, 599,
600, 611, 619, 620, 625, 626, 627, 628, 635, 636, 638, 640,
643, 646, 647, 648, 650, 652, 655, 656, 658, 659, 662, 663,
664, 667, 669, 674, 675, 681, 682, 684, 687, 696, 716, 720,
732, 734, 740, 742, 746, 748, 752, 764, 766, 799, 803, 816.
II. At the Bunbury Sale (first portion), June, 1896 :— 12,
76, 95, 96, 119, 140, 195, 227, 228, 244, 263, 282, 283, 345,
365, 382, 443, 460, 461, 482, 485, 489, 502, 543, 545, 566,
574, 575, 579, 581, 584, 586, 589, 592, 602, 608, 609, 610,
611, 612, 613, 615, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 627,
630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 638, 639, 640, 646, 647, 662, 685,
687, 704, 705, 719, 726, 730, 731, 732, 738, 739, 746, 757,
760, 769, 770, 771, 774, 775, 776, 781, 784, 786, 789, 806,
818, 822, 825, 829, 835, 851, 853, 862, 866, 873, 910, 916,
938, 961, 971, 993, 996, 1,000, 1,001, 1,006, 1,007, 1,009,
1,012, 1,015, 1,018, 1,021, 1,022, 1,023, 1,024, 1,026, 1,027,
1,064, 1,082, 1,116, 1,130, 1,140, 1,145, 1,151, 1,154, 1,158,
1,162, 1,163, 1,168, 1,170, 1,173, 1,174, 1,179, 1,181, 1,188,
1,190, 1,195, 1,196, 1,199, 1,201, 1,202, 1,217, 1,228, 1,229.
VI.
A FIND OF ROMAN DENARII NEAR CAMBRIDGE.
AT the end of last month I was enabled to secure, as I
believe, the whole of a small find of Roman Denarii which
had been dug up a short time before in the neighbourhood
of Cambridge. When the coins came into my possession
they were all (with the exception of 15, which seemed
to have been cleaned with scouring paper) in the same
state as they were found ; very few being sufficiently free
from incrustation to enable me to form any opinion as to
the emperor to whom they should be attributed.
The total number was 193, beside which, one or two
had evidently been broken up in separating the mass of
coins.
Perhaps the most striking thing about this hoard is its
great similarity to that found at Brickendonbury in 1895,1
and I have therefore appended a table of the two for easy
comparison.
Although only about 58 types are common to the two
hoards, yet out of the 25 names which occur in the
Brickendonbury list, 16 appear also in that for Cam-
bridge. The latest date in the former is A.D. 249-50,
and in the latter A.D. 248 ; so that there can be no rea-
1 See Num. Chron., Ser. III., vol. xvi., p. 191.
120 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
sonable doubt that they were deposited within a very few
years indeed of each other.
Bricken-
Cam-
donbury.
bridge.
1
Pertinax ....
. I
__
Clodius Albimis
. —
1
Septimius Severus . t
. 33
7
Julia Domna . . •!'"».
. 15
2
Caracalla ....
. 20
17
Plautilla . .
. 2
—
Geta . . '. '' , " -V
. 8
4
Macrinus ....
. —
2
Diadumenianus
. 2
—
Elagabalus . .; . «
. 67
25
Julia Paula ....
. 5
2
Aquilia Severa .
, 2
2
Julia Soaemias .
. 15
1
Julia Maesa ,
, 23
11
Severus Alexander .
. 144
55
Sallustia Barbia Orbiana .
. 3
1
Julia Mamaea »
. 30
17
Maximinus I. ,
, 19
1
Maximus • . . .
. 1
—
Gordianus III. . . .
.25
29
Pupienus . . . t »
. 1
—
Philippus I. . . . •£ -
.-, 9
12
Otacilia Se^era
. —
2
Philippus II. . i iii cfij
. 1
2
Trajanus Decius . , .
. 2
—
Herennia Etruecilla
. 2
—
Herennius Etruscus
. 1
—
432 193
The following are descriptions of the reverse types of
the coins, with references to Cohen, Monnaies f rappees
sous V Empire romain, 2nd Edit. : —
CLODITJS ALBINUS.
Cohen.
MINEE. PACIF. COS. II. Minerva standing 1. 48 1
A FIND OF ROMAN DENARII NEAR CAMBRIDGE. 121
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS.
Cohen.
FORTVN. REDVC. Fortune seated 1. . ,177
LIBEBO PATEI. Bacchus standing facing . 304
MVNIFICENTIA AVG. Elephant r. . . 348
P. M. TR. P. mi. COS. II. P. P. Pallas stand-
ing 1. . .' . . . . . . 416
P. M. TR. P. XI. COS. II. P. P. Fortune seated 1. 451
PROFECTIO AVG. Severus on horseback r. . 578
RESTITVTOR VRBIS. Severus sacrificing 1. . 599 1
"^~ f
JULIA DOMNA.
HILARITAS. Goddess standing 1. . . .72
YEN VS FELIX. Venus standing 1. ,. .198
CARACALLA.
FIDES MILITVM. Fides standing . . 80 1
IMPERII FELICITAS. Felicity standing 1. . 95 1
LIBERALITAS AVG. VI. Liberality standing 1. 128 1
LIBERAL. AVG. VIIII. Liberality standing 1. 139 1
MARTI PROPVGNATORI. Mars walking 1. . 150 1
MARTI VLTORI. Mars walking r. . . 154 1
P. M. TR. P. XIIII. COS. III. P. P. Concord
seated L > . . . . .192 1
P. M. TR. P. XVI. COS. IIII. P. P. Sarapis
standing 1. . . . 7 .. .212 1
P. M. TR. P. XVI. COS. IIII. P. P. Hercules
standing 1. 220 1
P. M. TR. P. XVIIII. COS. IIII. P. P. Sarapis
standing r. ...... 318 1
P. M. TR. P. XX. COS. IIII. P. P. Jove seated 1. 378 I
PONTIF. TR. P. X. COS. II. Caracalla stand-
ing r 440 1
PONTIF. TR. P. X. COS. II. Caracalla standing
between three reclining figures . . .441 1
PONTIF. TR. P. XII. COS. III. Concord seated 1. 465 1
PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Caracalla standing
L, behind him a trophy .... 505 1
SECVRITAS PERPETVA. Pallas standing 1. . 562 1
V1CT. PART. MAX. Victory running 1. . . 658 1
— 17
122 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
GETA.
Cohen.
FELICITAS PVBLICA. Felicity standing 1. . 38 1
PONTIF. COS. II. Geta sacrificing 1. . .119 1
SECVEIT. IMPERIL Security seated 1. . . 183 1
SPEI PEEPETVAE. Spes walking 1. . . 192 1
— 4
MACRINUS.
AEQVITAS AYG. Equity standing 1. . .2 1
FIDES M1LITVM. Fides standing 1. . 23 1
— 2
ELAGABALUS.
ABVNDANTIA. Abundance standing 1. . .12
BONVS EVENTYS. Bonus Eventus standing 1. 14 1
FIDES EXEECITVS. Fides seated 1. . . 30 1
INVICTYS SACEEDOS. Elagabalus with bough
sacrificing, in field a comet . . . 60 1
INYICTYS SACEEDOS. Elagabalus with club
sacrificing, in field a star . . . 61 2
IOYI CONSEEYATOEI. Jove standing 1. . 66 1
LIBEEALITAS AYG. III. Liberality standing 1. 86 1
LIBEETAS AYG. Liberty standing 1. . 92 1
P. M. TE. P. II. COS. II. P. P. Peace walking 1. 143 1
P. M. TE. P. III. COS. III. P. P. Sun walking 1. 154 1
P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. III. P. P. Sun walking 1. 184 1
P. M. TE. P. nil. COS. HI. P. P. Providence
standing 1. . . . . . . 189 1
P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. in. P. P. Victory
flying 1 194 1
PEOY1D. DEOEYM. Providence standing 1. . 242 1
SACEED. DEI SOLIS ELAGAB. Elagabalus
at altar r 246 1
SECYEITAS SAECYLI. Security with bough
seated r . .271 1
SPEI PEEPETYAE. Spes walking 1. . . 273 2
SPESPYBLICA. Spes walking 1. . . . 275 1
SVMMYS SACEEDOS AYG. Elagabalus at
tripod 276 1
TEMPOEYM FEL. Felicity standing 1. . . 278 1
VICTOE. ANTONINIAYG. Victory running r. 289 1
YICTOEIAAYG. Victory soaring 1. . . .300 1
—25
A FIND OF ROMAN DENARII NEAR CAMBRIDGE. 123
JULIA PAULA.
Cohen.
CONCOEDIA. Concord seated 1. ... 6 2
— — 2
AQUILIA SEVERA.
CONCOEDIA. Concord seated 1. ... 2 2
— 2
JULIA SOAEMIAS.
VENVS CAELESTIS. Venus seated 1. . . 14 1
— 1
JULIA MAESA.
FECVNDITAS AVG. Fecundity standing 1. . 8 2
IVNO. Juno standing 1. . . . . .16 3
PVDICITIA. Modesty seated 1. ... 36 3
SAECVLI FELICITAS. Felicity standing 1. . 45 3
—11
SEVERUS ALEXANDER.
AEQVITASAVG. Equity standing 1. ..91
ANNONAAVG. Abundance standing 1. . 23 2
CONCOEDIA. Concord seated 1. . * . 38 2
FIDES MILITYM. Fides standing 1., between
two ensigns ...... 52 2
FIDES MILITVM. Fides standing 1., looking r.,
between an ensign and a vexillum (?) . . — 1
10 VI VLTOEI. Jove seated 1 95 1
LIBEEALITAS AVG. Liberality standing 1. .108-1
LIBEETAS (sic) AVG. Liberality standing 1. .115 1
LIBEETASAVG. Liberty standing 1. . . 149 1
MAESVLTOE. Mars marching r. . . .161 1
MAETI PACIFEEO. Mars standing 1. . . 173 2
PAX AVG. Peace running 1 187 1
PIETAS AVG. Piety standing 1. . .196 3
P. M. TE. P. COS. P. P. Jove standing 1. . 204 1
P. M. TE. P. COS. P. P. Mars standing 1. . 207 2
P. M. TE. P. COS. P. P. Liberty standing 1. .215 2
P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Mars standing 1. . 231 3
P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Peace standing 1. . 236 1
P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Salus standing 1. . 239 2
P. M. TE. P. III. COS. P. P. Jove standing 1. . 249 2
Carried forward 32
124 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Cohen.
Brought forward 32
P. M. TB. P. III. CQS. P. P. Alexander stand-
ing 1. . . • 256 1
P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. P. P. Mars running r. 260 1
P. M. TE. P. V. COS. II. P. P. Alexander sacri-
ficing 1. . . . . . • •} • 289 2
P. M. TE. P. VI. COS. II. P. P. Equity
standing 1. . . . . . 312 1
P. M. TE. P. VI. COS. II. P. P. Abundance
standing 1. ...... 315 1
P. M. TE. P. VI. COS. II. P. P. Peace running 1. 319 2
P. M. TE. P. VIII. COS. III. P. P. Mars stand-
ing r. . . , ^ '. . . 364 1
P. M. TE. P. VIII. COS. III. P. P. Alexander
marching r. , with spear and trophy . ' . — 2
P. M. TE. P. VIIII. .COS. JII. P. P. Alexander
standing r. ...... 401 I
PEOVID. DEOEVM. Providence standing 1. . 495 2
SALVS PVBLICA. Salus seated 1. . . .530
VICTOEIA AVG. Victory standing 1. . . 555
VICTOEIAAVG. Victory marching r. . . 559
„ „ „ (obv. reads
ALEXAN.) —
VICTOEIAAVG. Victory marching 1. . . 564
VIETVSAVG. Valour standing 1. . . .579
VIETVSAVG. Alexander standing 1. . . 586 3
—55
SALLUSTIA BARBIA ORBIANA.
CONCOBDIA AVGG. Concord seated 1. . ' . 1
JULIA MAMAEA.
FECVND. AVGVSTAE. Fecundity standing 1. 5 3
FELICITAS PVBLICA. Felicitas standing 1. . 17 1
IVNO CONSEEVATEIX. Juno standing 1. . 35 5
VENVS GENETEIX. Venus standing 1. . .72 1
VENVS VICTEIX. Venus standing 1. . . 76 1
VESTA. Vesta, with palladium, standing 1. .81 3
VESTA. Vesta, with patera, standing 1. . . 85 3
—17
MAXIMINUS I.
VICTOEIA AVG. Victory running r. . .99
A FIND OF ROMAN DENARII NEAR CAMBRIDGE. 125
GORDIANUS III. PlUS.
AEQVITASAVG. Equity standing 1. . . - .
Cohen.
17
1
AEQVITASAVG. Equity standing 1.
22
1
CONCOED. AVG. Concord seated 1.
48
1
DIANA LVCIFEEA. Diana standing r. .
69
1
FELICIT. TEMPOE. Felicity standing 1.
72
1
IOVI STATOEI. Jove standing
109
1
LAETITIA AVG. N. Joy standing 1.
121
2
MAETEM PEOPVGNATOEEM. Mars march-
ing r. ...'....
160
1
P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Providence stand-
ing 1. .......
196
1
P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Gordian sacrificing 1.
216
1
P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Apollo
seated 1
250
2
P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Gordian stand-
253
2
P. M. TE. P. V. COS. II. P. P. Apollo seated 1.
261
1
P. M. TE. P. V. COS. II. P. P. Gordian stand-
ing r. .......
266
2
PEOVID. AVG. Providence standing 1. .
296
2
EOMAE AETEENAE. Eome seated 1.
313
1
EOMAE AETEENAE. Eome seated 1. .
314
2
SALVS AVGVSTI. Salus standing r.
325
1
SECVEITAS PVBLICA. Security seated 1.
340
1
VICTOEIA AETEENA. Victory standing 1. .
353
1
VIETVTI AVGVSTI. Hercules standing r.
403
1
VIETVTI AVGVSTI. Hercules standing r.
404
2
—29
PHILIPPUS I.
AEQVITASAVG. Equity standing 1.
9
2
ANNONAAVG. Abundance standing 1. .
25
2
FELICITAS TEMP. Felicity standing 1. .
43
1
FIDES EXEECITVS. Fides standing 1. .
49
1
LAET. FVNDATA. Joy standing 1. .
72
1
P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Felicity
standing 1. . . ...
137
2
SECVEIT. OEBIS. Security seated 1.
215
1
VICTOEIA AVG. Victory marching r. .
227
1
VIETVSAVG. Valour seated 1.
240
1
—12
OTACILIA SEVERA.
PIETAS AVGVSTAE. Piety standing 1. .
43
1
PVDICITIA AVG. Modesty seated 1.
53
1
— 2
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. S
126 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
PHILIPPUS II.
Cohen.
PETNCIPI IVVENT. Caesar standing 1. . .48 1
SAECVLARES AVG. In exergue III. Stag
walking 1 72 1
— 2
Most of the coins are of well-known types, but there
are a few which deserve special notice. On a denarius
of Elagabalus, Security is represented as seated to the
right, but holding a bough in the left hand instead of a
sceptre, as given by Cohen, No. 271.
In the series of coins belonging to Severus Alexander,
there are three with the legend FIDES MILITVM.
Two of these are of the usual type : Fides standing and
looking to the left holds a military standard upright in
each hand. The other represents Fides standing to the
left, but looking backwards, and holding in the left hand
a military standard transversely, whilst in the right hand
there is a sort of staff surmounted by a flag or pennon,
probably a vexillum. There are two coins reading
P . M. TB, . P. VIII . COS . Ill . P . P., on which, instead
of Mars marching to right with spear and trophy (as
Cohen, 366), there is the Emperor bare-headed.
The only other variety I found is one of the type
VICTORIA AVG (Cohen, 559), in which the Emperor's
name is spelt ALEXAN without the usual D.
WILLIAM C. BOYD.
VII.
A DISCOVERY OF ROMAN COINS ON THE SUMMIT
OF THE TH^ODULE PASS (MATTERJOCH).
29, LUDOATB HILL, E.G.
DEAR SIR JOHN EVANS,
Some Roman coins were found close to the summit
of the Theodule Pass, in August, 1895, under rather
singular circumstances, and I send you the following
notes about the matter in case you may care to put it on
record.
The Theodule Pass, you are doubtless aware, leads
from the Valley of Zermatt into the Valley of Val
Tournanche. Although a snow pass, it is much frequented ;
and there is a small inn at the summit (10,890 feet) for
the accommodation of tourists. As many as one hundred
persons sometimes visit this inn in the course of a day.
On August 24th, 1895, a young girl employed in the
kitchen went out to fetch some water, and about fifty
metres down, upon the Italian side, spied two coins sticking
out from underneath a thin flat stone, which had a large
square stone on the top of it. She lifted off the two
stones and found fifty-four coins underneath the lower
one, all together in a clump, and they had apparently
been enveloped in a bag, which had rotted. This is the
128 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
essence of what the girl related to me on September 18th,
1896.
I crossed the Theodule Pass from Val Tournanche to
Zermatt on August 28-9th, 1895, and passed the night of
the 28th at the inn, but I heard nothing on the spot about
this discovery, and did not hear of it until some days after
my arrival at Zermatt. One evening I was accosted in
the street by a young man who offered some coins for sale,
which he said had been found on the Theodule. I told
him to call in the morning, but did not see him again.
A few days afterwards I had the opportunity of inspect-
ing one of the coins, which he had sold in the village, and
saw that it was a coin of Constantine, and was told that
more than fifty had been found, and that " all the others
were like it." I left Zermatt a few days afterwards,
without expecting that I should hear any more on the
subject.
On September 18th, 1896, I was again at Zermatt, and
learnt that the girl who had discovered the coins was
employed in one of the hotels. Her name is Josephine
Pelissier, aged twenty-two, of the village of Yal Tour-
nanche. Asked if she had seen me on August 28th, 1895,
she said " Yes." Asked why she had not shown the coins,
she said, " Because she had sent them down by her brother
to Val Tournanche to sell." Asked if she had sold them,
she said that eleven were sold at fifty francs apiece, and
downwards — the last one " to a gentleman of Rome for
ten francs." She had got the remainder (forty- three)
upstairs, and I bought them. Forty-two are bronze,
and the remaining one is a small silver coin of compara-
tively modern date. The forty-two Roman coins, as
determined by you, are as follows : —
ROMAN COINS ON THE SUMMIT OF THE THEODULE PASS. 129
AUKELIANtJS. A.D. 270-275.
Cohen.
CONCOEDIA MILITVM. In exergue, ^T.
Emperor and Severina joining hands . 61 2
The same, but IMP. C. AVEELIANVS AVG.
Eadiated bust to 1. On reverse, in exergue,
T^X1- Not in Cohen .... 1
— 3
PKOBUS. A.D. 276-282.
CONCOEDIA MILIT. In exergue, XXIQ.
Probus and Concord joining hands . . 161 1
CONCOEDIA MILIT. In exergue, PXXT.
Probus and Concord joining hands . .165 1
CONSEEVAT. AVG. In field, B ; in exergue,
XXI. The sun standing r 179 1
FELICITAS SEC. In exergue, SXXT. Felicitas
standing 1. ..;... 225 1
FIDES MILITVM. In exergue, E^O- Fidelitas
holding two standards .... 252 1
MAETIPACIF. In exergue, E^S? Mars march-
ing to r. . . . . . . 350 1
PAX AVG. In exergue, .XXI; in field, P.
Peace standing 1. • . . . . . 401 1
VICTOEIA AVG. In exergue, E •» P. Victory
marching 1. ...... 739 1
— 8
CONSTANTIUS II. A.D. 335-361.
FEL. TEMP. EEPAEATIO. Soldier attacking
fallen horseman. Several varieties and dif-
ferent mints ...... 19
CONSTANTITJS GALLTJS. A.D. 351-351.
FEL. TEMP. EEPAEATIO. Soldier and fallen
horseman. Various ..... 9
MAGNENTIUS. A.D. 350-353.
VICTOEIA AVG. LIB. EOMANOE. In field,
A ; in exergue, E • F • T. Emperor and
captive . .... . . 54 1
Carried forward . •«.'•.• . ' » fc , 40
130 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward . . . . 40
DECENTITJS. A.D. 351-353.
Cohen.
SALVS DD. NN. AVG. ET CAES. $fc. In
exergue SAR :. . . ' . .12 1
Uncertain, PEOVIDENT ? ~ " . 1
42
The majority are coins of Probus and Constantius II., but
the idea that they were deposited many centuries ago in the
position in which they were found cannot be entertained
on account of the presence of the small silver coin, which
I am told by Mr. Grueber is (what you believed it to be
when I showed it to you) a coin of Constance of the seven-
teenth century. Assuming that the girl's story is true,
that she found the whole together in one place (the space
she indicated to me was seven to eight inches diameter),
they cannot, it seems to me, have been deposited there
much more than a couple of centuries.
You may naturally inquire how is it that they were (or
could be) overlooked for anything like two hundred years,
and to anticipate inquiry I will mention what appears to
be a sufficient explanation. To begin with, they were
concealed under two stones — the large flat one to hide
them, and the square and heavy one to keep the other in
its position. The place where they were concealed was
off the usual track over the pass. If you will look at the
enclosed map you will see that the track on the Italian
side is at first, when descending, directed towards the
north-west. The coins were found near the place where
I have put the red dot. No tourist or traveller ordinarily
goes in that direction. The place where they were found
was 160 to 170 feet from the inn (summit of the pass)
ROMAN COINS ON THE SUMMIT OF THE THEODULE PASS. 131
and 50 to 60 feet below it. The girl's duties, however,
led her in that direction. She went to fetch water, which
is collected from the dribbles of snow-water running off
the rocks. She naturally went low down, to the edge of
the snow, and made her discovery, because the rocks
in August, 1895, were free from snow to a very unusual
extent. I crossed this pass in 1860, and have crossed it
many times in subsequent years, and I have never seen
the rocks on the Italian side as free from snow (that is,
so completely uncovered by snow), so low down as they
were in August, 1 895.
Many Roman coins and other objects have been found
in the valley of Zermatt, and not a few have been dis-
covered from time to time on the Theodule Pass. I learnt
that Mons. Joseph Seiler, of Brieg (Canton Valais), had
acquired a number, visited him on my way home, and
expressed a desire that he should send his collection to
London for examination. He has been so good as to
forward twenty-five coins which have been found on the
Theodule Pass, and I send them on to you, in the hope
that you may discover something of interest amongst them.
You have been good enough to compile a list of these
twenty -five coins, which is given below : —
M. SEILEE'S COINS.
GAULISH.
Imitation of a coin of Massilia.
Obv.— Head of Diana.
Rev. — Boar-like lion . . M 1
ROME.
Quadrans. Obv.— Head of Hercules . . .
Rev. — Prow of ship above griffin . . Ml 1
Carried forward .... 2
132 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward , . . . -, •
NERVA.
Rev.— LIBEETAS PVBLICA. S.C. Coh. 119? . M2 1
FAUSTINA I.
Rev.— AETEENITAS. S.C. Coh. 34 ... ^E2 1
MARCUS AURELIUS.
tfey.— FIDES EXEECITWM IMP. VIII. COS. III.
P.P. S.C. Coh. 202 . . , . , ^2 1
FAUSTINA II.
Rev.— FECVND. AVGVSTAE. S.C. Coh. 97 . . -E2 1
SEPT. SEVERUS.
Rev.— ADVENTVI AVG. FELICISSIMO. S.C. Coh. 8.
Eare . . , ... .Ml 1
MAXIMINUS I.
Rev.— FIDES MILITYM. S.C. Coh. 14 . . .Ml 1
GALLIENUS.
Rev.— LIBEETAS AVG. XI. Coh. 596 . . . ^3 1
Rev.— Illegible . . . . . . , -3E3 1
VlCTORINUS.
7?^.— VIETVS AVG. Coh. 131? . . > . ^3 1
CLAUDIUS II.
Rev.— CONSECEATIO. Coh. 52 ?. . . . ^E3 1
DlOCLETIANUS.
^,._IOVI CONSEEVAT. PXXIT. Coh. 193 . ^E3 1
fiev.—VOT. XX. S. Coh. 541. . . . ^3 1
CONSTANTINUS I.
Rev.—'VOT. XX. MVLT. XXX. Coh. 740 var. ? . ^3 1
Carried forward . 15
ROMAN COINS OX THE SUMMIT OF THE THEODULK PASS. 133
Brought forward ...... 15
CONSTANTINOPOLIS .
Barbarous. TR P ^3 1
UEBS ROMA,
Rev. — Wolf and twins. ROQ . . . . M3 I
VALENS.
Rev.— GLORIA ROMANORVM. TES. Coh. 11 . ^3 1
VALENTINIAN II.
Rev.— SALVS REIPYBLICAE -f- . Coh. 30 ? .Ml 1
THEODOSIUS.
.Rev.— VICTORIA AVGG. R,T. Barbarous . . M± I
Imitations and late Roman coins .... -333 & 4 5
25
As you point out, the earliest are Gaulish and of Roman
consular times ; the latest of Theodosius and barbarous
imitations of Roman coins.
Believe me,
Faithfully yours,
EDWARD WHYMPER.
To SIE JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., T.R.S., ETC., ETC.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES.
VIII.
ON THE NORTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE OF
A.D. 758-808.
(See Plate VII.)
THERE is perhaps no period in North-Humbrian numis-
matics which presents more difficulties than that which
began after the resignation of King Eadbert (A.D. 758)
till the abundant coinage of Eanred (808) ; it is, moreover,
a time full of civil War, dissensions among the turbulent
nobles of the court, and conspiracies, the latter having
generally been successful. On the resignation of Eadbert,
his son Oswulf succeeded, having been nominated by his
father, and reigned till his death at Michel Wongtune,1
when he was succeeded (759) by Ethelwald, surnamed
Moll, who was of uncertain lineage, and who lost the
kingdom of North -Humbria, according to the same
authority, at Winchenhale, in 765. Since Mr. Rash-
leigh'a paper2 describing two coins3 of this king, no others
have turned up of him or his predecessor Oswulf, and I
shall refer later on to the coin4 in our national collec-
tion which Mr. Lindsay5 referred to Moll Ethelwald, but
1 Sim. Dun. de Gestis.
2 N. <?., N. Ser., vol. ix., p. 56.
8 Loc. cit., PI. I., 1, IA (the last coin is lost).
4 B. M. Cat., No. 16, p. 142.
5 Heptarchy, p. 9.
ON THE NORTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE OF A D. 758-808. 135
which is now ascribed to Aelfwald I. (778). Before
discussing the latter king's coinage, so as to proceed
chronologically with the series, I will notice a silver
sceatta, unique except for another6 of somewhat similar
type also in my collection, both having been struck by
Archbishop Ecgberht of York in conjunction with King
Alchred, and both showing that this Archbishop, besides
striking sceattas with Moll Ethelwald and Eadbert,
coined in conjunction with Alchred during the last two
years of his occupancy of the See of York, viz., in 765 or
766, those being the only years when he was under
Alchred. I think these two coins are remarkable witnesses
to the historical accuracy of our Saxon Chronicles, and
may inspire in us great confidence as to their correctness.
The first coin, it may be remembered, reads : —
jR. Qbv. — + ALCHED C. Cross. (Both Cs runes.)
Rev.— ECGBEEHT AE. Cross. [PI. VII. 1.]
The next one varies slightly from it, and was acquired by
me at Major Grantham's sale this year.
JR. Obv.—+ ALCHED C. Cross. (Both Cs runes.)
Bev.—+ E6CDaEl]T ft. Cross. [PL VII. 2.] ,
My suggestion7 that the rune Cen at the end of the king's
name, which occurs also in Moll Ethelwald's coins, stood
for the initial letter of the word Cuning or King, is again
corroborated by this sceatta. It would almost seem as if
6 N. (7., 3rd Ser., vol. xiii., p. 267.
7 N. C.t 3rd Ser., vol. xiii., p. 270.
136 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Moll Ethel wald and Alchred, owing to their uncertain
lineage, had desired to emphasize their kingly titles on
their coins, whilst those who preceded them, being of the
race of Ida, left theirs proudly unadorned with simple
names, if we except Ecgfrith (670), whose title of Rex
shows a more classically cultivated time, and probably
also a greater monastic influence at court.8
Whether the reverse of this sceatta reads ECGERHT A
with the B omitted, or EBGERHT A with the usual
square C omitted and the B and G transposed, is open to
question, but I feel almost sure that the latter is the case,
as a comparison of the second letter with the one in the
other coin9 shows it to be a B, whilst a C of this period is
nearly always square, and certainly never barred or
Gothic.10
The successor of Alchred, who was banished (774) to
the North, was Aethelred I., whose unique coin in my
collection had the satisfactory reception which so in-
teresting a relic of a bygone age deserved.11 [PL VII. 3.]
This king, after reigning four years, was expelled, and
I have, I think, some grounds for supposing that the latter
coin, with quadruped reverse type, was struck before his
expulsion, and therefore between 774 and 779. My
reason for this is that I think that his successor, Aelfwald I.,
struck two different coinages, one which I will call his
first with the quadruped, resembling his predecessor's,
and one which I shall refer to later, of a type quite new
8 On the monumental and other Eunic remains the form is
usually the Angle word Cuning, or other variant at all
periods.
9 N. C., 3rd Ser., vol. xiii., p. 267.
10 A penny of Offa, B. M. Cat., 10, and a styca of Ethelred
II., B. M., 284, have round Cs, but not barred.
11 N. C., N. Ser., Miscellanea, vol. xii., p. 87.
ON THE NORTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE OF A.D. 758-808. 137
to this Society, with a moneyer or some other person's
name, and no quadruped on the reverse. Of the first type
we have four specimens : Mr. Rashleigh's two, which read
ETBTAIV and VALMSLA respectively (the four last
letters are retrograde, and must be read forwards and
joined to the first four letters).12 The third coin is that
in the British Museum, which, to my mind, reads clearly
EFVALDVS 13 (the L runic, and the U and A upside down) ;
indeed, I cannot see why Hawkins should have regarded
this as a doubtful reading. No doubt the puzzle was in
the Latin termination, which he evidently thought was
unusual on a sceatta of this time.
The fourth coin I acquired at Major Grantham's sale,
and also two unique and unpublished silver sceattas, both
of which I attribute to Aelfwald L, and both throw con-
siderable light on the subject, and particularly as to the
Latinised terminations. The first of these reads,
M. Olv.— EALFVALDZ. Cross.
Rev. — Eude quadruped to r., right leg raised; crosslefc
under the body. [PI. VII. 4.]
This sceatta, which I shall now attribute to Aelfwald's
first coinage, shows an intention to Latinise the name, and
this reading is, I venture to think, still further supported
by the second coin, a new type, which I ascribe to
Aelfwald's second coinage.
18 See for this curious " boustrophedon " style N. C., 3rd
Ser., p. 267, where I have explained a coin of Moll Ethelwald
with this peculiar way of arranging the legend, which causes
the C for Cuning to be in the centre of the inscription, viz.,
LDILCDLV for EDILVLD C (for Cuning).
13 B M. Cat., Anglo-Saxon, vol. i., No. 16, p. 142.
138 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
JR. Obv.— FrFVAFDVS. Cross.
Rev.— + C VDbEV E. Cross. [PL VII. 5.]
It will be observed that the E is runic, and both Ls,
and we seem to have here the earliest sceatta of North-
Humbria with the name of a money er or person other
than the Archbishop of York for the time being, before
the later abundant copper series, which lasted until the
Government fell to the fury of the Danes. Now it may
be said that this coin should belong to Aelfwald II. ;
against this I would advance the following arguments : —
1. There is an undeniably ancient look about it which
reminds one of the early North-Humbrian coins, and,
indeed, on examining the mass of stycas of Eanred and
Ethelred II., amongst which it lay, I at once singled it
out from all the others as of older type.
2. It is silver, and of just the baseness which Aelfwald
I.'s time would warrant.
3. There are already copper stycas not improbably
attributed to Aelfwald II.14
4. Though we are not ahle at present to separate the
coins of Eanbald I. from Eanbald II., yet as these are
copper stycas and of late workmanship not dissimilar
to that of Eanred, and as they are for this reason probably
the second Eanbald's, it would be natural ex hypothesi to
conclude that Aeliwald II., contemporary of Eanbald II.,
would strike similar copper stycas.
On first meeting with this coin I naturally expected
to find an archbishop's name on the reverse, namely, either
Ethilbert (767) or Eanbald I. (780), especially as the
14 Lindsay, Heptarchy, p. 11, and PI. I., 31 ; and N. C.,
3rd Ser., vol. vii., 220.
ON THE NOTITH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE OF A.D. 758-808. 139
legend terminates in AK,(chiepiscopus). This does not,
however, seem to be the case, and the first four letters,
owing to want of condition at that margin of the sceatta,
are difficult to decipher. I think there is a cross before
the legend which, having had the top badly struck,
appears to be a T of squat form. If this is a moneyer's
name, which I believe, though I am open to conviction on
this point, it may be intended for Gudhere, a moneyer of
Burgred (853-874), or if the first letter is a C, for Cu^eard,
which is the form that Cuthred takes on Ethelred II. 's
stycas. This is also a moneyer of Eanred in the form
Gurnard and Cu^heard, but I have not found any of
this name with an Eardulf obverse. Although the prove-
nance or find spot of this coin has not hitherto been
traceable, it is probable that it was found with copper
stycas, as it will be observed, that some portions of copper-
like metal still adhere to the front portion of the legend
on the reverse. I have not noticed this on any of the
silver sceattas of previous kings that have come under my
observation, and it may be inferred from its worn condi-
tion also that it may have formed part of some hoard of
later copper stycas of which it was an early silver repre-
sentative.
Whether we can draw any conclusions from the copper
styca in the Montagu collection, described in the cata-
logue 15 as one of Osred II. (789-790), the successor of
Aelfwald I., it would be difficult to say ; it is certainly
not linked by workmanship to the coins of Aelfwald I. ;
and the incompleteness of our knowledge as to what was
struck during Aethelred L's second reign, and during the
twenty-seven days when Osbald, " Dux et Patricius,"
15 Montagu Sale, p. 49.
140 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
was nominated by some of the Principes16 on Aeth el red's
assassination by the ealdorman Edred, makes our difficul-
culties accumulate from that period and through the
reign of Heardulf, though I believe that the change of
style and the adoption of copper instead of silver must
date at some time during this period. That coin is de-
scribed
Copper. Obv — h ORSE REX (retrograde). Five pellets form-
ing cross.
Rev. — HEAMH. In centre, an annulet.
Certainly this piece is of late workmanship, and the
king's name is much blundered, even for this period of
doubtful legends on coins, whilst the moneyer's name has
an improbable look about it. On the whole I think it
would be wise to suspend judgment on this styca till we
are further advanced in this series.
I will now come to the question of Heardulf and Aelf-
wald II., a time representing twelve years, 796-808, out
of which period the former king reigned all but about
two years. We know that Heardulf was banished in 806,
but as the people were without a king for some time,17
the commencement of Aelfwald II.'s reign seems uncer-
tain, and Heardulf appears through the influence of
Charlemagne to have again occupied the throne for a
short space before Eanred. Before venturing on the
treacherous ground of Heardulf' s coinage, I will consider
the stycas of Aelfwald II., and as the question of these
two kings' coins are greatly connected with each other,
16 Sim. Dun. de Gestis, p. 118.
17 Unde diu sine Rege fuerunt (Chron. de Burgo}.
ON THE NORTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE OF A.D. 758-8C8. 141
I will consider them together, and whether the coins
reading HEARDULF or EARDULF, in some form or
other, were struck by his namesake, the notoriously
blundering moneyer, or by the king. Before the dis-
persal of the Bateman heirlooms, I spent some consider-
able time in examining the so-called " Ullerskelf " find
of stycas, afterwards dispersed, and having cleaned all
those coins which were too much coated to decipher, I came
to the conclusion that that part of the hoard presented
no remarkable features, being composed of the usual
types ranging from Eanred to Osberht, or including the
Archiepiscopal series to Wulfhere, which may be compared
to, and is characteristic of, finds like those of Hexham,
Kirk Oswald, &c. Having subsequently, with the assist-
ance of the late Canon Raine, made an examination of
the collection of stycas and sceattas in the Yorkshire
Society's collection in York, I found clearly that these
Bateman stycas were only a small portion of what is
called the " Bolton Percy " hoard, which, with that called
the " St. Leonard's Place " find, form the two principal
masses of stycas preserved at York, and are catalogued in
a manuscript which I have with me to-night, having been
kindly lent me by the Society. Amongst these two finds
are three copper stycas, which have evidently not hitherto
been recognised, reading :—
(Y4). 06t,.- Ifl
1 St. Leonard's Place find.
Rev.— + EVDAIHI, + ) [PL VII. 6.]
(Y 5). Olv.— + tLFAAIDE, + \
1 [PI. VII. 7.1
Rev.— + 03WVUAA, 0 |
)' Bolton Percy find.
[PI. VII. 8.]
'
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. U
142 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
These are not new types, as Mr. Nathan Heywood and
Mr. Lindsay both published them ; but they add three
more specimens to those already known, and the fact of
their being included in such large hoards gives them an
interest which they might not possess to such a degree
if found singly. If, therefore, we may assume that these
coins can be attributed to Aelfwald II., then the York-
shire Society has no less than three of this king's rare
stycas ; and considering the fact that Heardulf reigned
between Aelfwald II. and Eanred for a short period,
besides his long reign immediately before the former's,
is it not justifiable to conclude that some of his (Hear-
dulf s) coins should be represented in both these large
finds ? Of course there is the question, are these really
attributable to Aelfwald II. ? and here I concur with Mr.
Hey wood's two last reasons18 for their being so ascribed : —
"2. The moneyer's name on it is EADYINI, and
EADYINI was a moneyer of Elfwald II. 's predecessor
and successor respectively.
"3. The letter E.(EX) follows the king's name, as on
the stycas of Eanred, Ethelred, &c."
I will not dwell on Mr. Hey wood's first reason, that
no stycas before Eardulf's reign have a moneyer's name
on them, because this was evidently intended to combat
the idea that his styca could belong to Aelfwald I., a view
that no one would now maintain in the face of modern
discoveries.
Hawkins19 says, speaking of Lindsay's specimen, ....
"the first may belong to Elfwald L, but seems more
likely to belong to the second king of that name, on
18 N. C., 3rd Ser., vol. vii., 220.
19 Silver Coins of England, p. 70.
ON THE NORTH-HUM BRIAN COINAGE OF A.D. 758-808. 143
account of the title R, which appears on no other
stycas before those of Eanred, and on account of the
moneyer's name being placed on the coin, which was first
done by Heardulf." From this it would seem as if this
attribution was approved by that authority.
I cannot but think that for these reasons, and from
their similarity in workmanship to Eanred' s coins, these
stycas may in fairness be given to Aelfwald II., as Mr.
Hey wood and Mr. Lindsay have both proposed.
It is not without significance that Eadvini should have
been moneyer to both Heardulf and Eanred, whilst also
striking in every instance for Aelfwald II. He was cer-
tainly an early moneyer, striking largely for Eanred, but
dwindling to one coin,20 in the national collection of
stycas during Aethelred II.'s reign, and then disappear-
ing from this series. At first I felt a difficulty in recon-
ciling Mr. Hey wood's statement 21 that Heardulf had
struck coins with the moneyer Eadvini, with the fact that
none were so described except a single styca in Mr. Rash-
leigh's collection ; but since seeing the collection at York
I think there is a large series there, apparently unidenti-
fied in their catalogue, which have at least as good a
claim to be Heardulf 's coins as any. Of these the best
struck series22 was in the St. Leonard's Place find, and
many of these are of Eadvini' s work. A rougher series 23
appears in the Bolton Percy find, some also with Eadvini's
name OD the reverse. All these have a peculiar ornament
on the reverse, quite unlike that on any other stycas, like
a star with the ends pommettees ; and the obverse, at
20 B. M. Cat., p. 161, No. 295 of Ethelred II.
21 N. C.. 3rd Ser., vol. vii., p. 220.
22 Yorkshire Society's MS. Catalogue of Stycas.
33 Ibid.
144 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
least in the St. Leonard's hoard, appears to be from the
same die in all the twenty-four coins of that type, viz. : —
Obv..— + EV + E v DAT? .'. F.
The styca (see PL VII. 9) which is now shown of this
type is unfortunately one of the rougher type from the
Bolton Percy hoard, but the star is well struck up on the
reverse. It may be noticed, though it may only be a coin-
cidence, that the stycas of Eanred with Eadvine as money er
have a cross in the middle of the latter' s name in many
instances.24 Is it not possible that the coins reading
EARDVLF REX may be attributable to that king's last
reign after Aelfwald II., and before Eanred, a short period
and of uncertain duration ? Two stycas in the British
Museum seem intended to be read in this manner, and
also one in the York collection. The great bulk, however,
seem to have the regal title omitted, their greater pre-
ponderance, perhaps, being due to their issue during the
early part of Heardulf's reign, a period of ten years,
as compared to the period after his restoration of from
one to two years at the outside. As, however, these ques-
tions demand more consideration than I have been able
hitherto to devote, I will defer any further notes on the
subject to a future period, when I will also put before the
Society any conclusions I may arrive at on examination
of the mass of barbarous stycas in various collections,
some of which may be referable to Heardulf's period.
GRANT LEY.
24 B. M. Cat., vol. i., Nos. 96, 98, 105, 107 of Eanred.
IX.
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON.
ON the 5th of July, 1895, as a labourer was repairing and
banking up a hedge which enclosed an orchard near the
house on a farm called Thorndon, locally pronounced a»
Thornham, in the parish of East Worlington, near
Chumleigh, in North Devon, and in the possession and
occupation of a Mr. Southwood, his digger struck an
earthen vessel, which was broken by the blow, and a
quantity of silver coins poured out. The man at once
proceeded to look further and to dig round the spot in the
hope of finding more. Eventually three earthen (or, as
they are called in Devon, " cloamen ") vessels were
brought to light. They were in the form of the present-
day pitchers Q, but they fell to pieces immediately
upon being unearthed. The mouth of each pitcher was
covered with a flat stone, such as might have been picked up
at random. These jars had been hidden in a hole dug out of
the " coombe ' ' or back of the hedge, and the hole had been
covered over with soil and turf. East Worlington is a
village situated on the lesser Dart, five miles north-east of
the Lapford Station on the North Devon Railway, nine
miles south-east of South Moulton, six miles east of
Chumleigh, and about nineteen miles from Exeter. The
estate of Thorndon in this parish belonged in the seven-
teenth century to a family named Cobley. It is generally
believed that the then owner went off to the Civil War,
146 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
but before departing concealed his money in a place wLere
he could recover it on his return ; and there is a local
tradition that he uttered the words, when at the point of
death, " in the orchard," referring, as is now supposed, to
the hidden coins. The particulars of the discovery of the
hoard have been kindly communicated to me by the Rev.
H. L. Hill, Rector of West Worlington, who adds, "there
has always been a tradition handed down from generation
to generation that money was concealed somewhere on
the farm ; and there appears in this instance to be good
evidence for such a tradition." The hoard was a large
one, and coming under the law of treasure- trove was for-
warded to the Museum, where I examined it very care-
fully. It consisted of no less than 5,188 coins, namely,
shillings and sixpences of Edward VI., Elizabeth, and
James I., and a crown, half-crowns, shillings, and six-
pences of Charles I. ; also a few Scottish arid Irish
pieces, and one Spanish dollar. The following is a
summary of the hoard.
Edward VI. . . Shillings . . 11
,, . . Sixpences . . 7
Elizabeth .... . Shillings . . 578
,, . . Sixpences . . 1,649
James I. . . Shillings . . 320
. Sixpences . . 184
. Scottish half-merks 2
. Irish shillings . 3
Chailes I. . . Crown ... 1
. Half-crowns. . 485
. Shillings . . 1,652
. Sixpences . . 295
Spanish dollar, circ. 1820 ... 1
5,188
Before pointing out any special points connected with
the hoard, I will give a further and more detailed list of
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON. 147
the coins, following the classification of Hawkins, under
each reign. From these particulars it will be seen how
complete the hoard was, especially in the series of Eliza-
beth, James I., and Charles I. The following is the list of
the coins arranged according to their mint-marks or dates.
EDWARD VI.
Shillings, m.m. tun .
5
„ y
6
11
Sixpences,
m.m. tun
5
tt
,, y ...
2
.
—
7
ELIZABETH.
Shillings, m.m. martlet
. 96
,,
,, cross-crosslet .
. 96
,,
,, lis .
. 18
,,
„ bell.
. 18
i,
» A . . .
. 48
i,
,, scallop
. 46
,,
,, crescent .
. 20
11
,, hand
. 23
,,
», tun ....
. 61
n
,, woolpack .
. 54
„
„ key . ^_ .
. 26
»)
,, anchor
1
„
„ 0 ....
3
11
„!....
. 12
n
,, 2 .
. 83
,, uncertain m.m. .
. 23
578
Sixpences,
1561, m.m. pheon .
. 91
,,
1562, „ ' „ .
. 16
11
„ (milled), m.m. star .
1
n
1563, m.m. pheon .
. 10
11
1564, „ „ . .
. 21
>i
1565, „ „ . .
. 22
,,
,, „ rose
. 28
11
1566, ,, portcullis
. 60
Carried forward 244
148 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward
. 244
Sixpences,
1506, m.m.
lion
8
M
99 59
coronet
1
99
1567, „
lion
14
99
9J »»
coronet
. 68
99
„ (milled), m.m. lis .
1
99
1568, m.m.
coronet
. 75
99
1569, „
99 •
. 110
99
>9 9>
castle .
1
99
1570, „
coronet
. 23
99
» 99
castle .
. 20
it
1571, „
9)
. 61
99
99 99
ermine .
1
II
»9 99
acorn .
1
»9
1572, „
ermine .
. 78
99
1573, „
99 • •
. 48
99
99 9»
acorn .
. 40
>»
99 99
cinquefoil
1
99
1574, „
acorn .
. 15
99
99 99
cinquefoil
. 61
99
1575, „
99 •
. 82
»}
1576, „
99
. 16
II
1577, „
99
8
99
99 99
cross .
1
99
1578, „
99 • •
. 80
II
1579, „
» »
. 21
II
1580, „
99 • •
. 56
1581, ,
22
99
»»
1582, „
sword .
. 48
99
99 >9
bell .
. 11
||
1583, „
99 *
. 25
||
99 99
S . .
. 14
II
1584, „
S - .
. 20
99
99 99
scallop .
8
||
1585, „
99 •
. 20
||
1586, „
99 * *
9
If
1587, „
99 • • •
1
9»
99 99
crescent
. 10
»
1588, „
99
2
99
1589, „
99 *
7
9)
1590, „
hand
. 19
>»
1591, „
99 • •
. 27
»9
1592, „
99 • *
8
Carried forward . . . 1,286
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORT.INGTON. 149
Brought forward
. 1,286
Sixpences, 1592, m.m. tun
. 29
,, 1593, „ „
43
,, 1594, „ .
4
,, „ „ woolpack
, 38
,, 1595, ,, „
i 17
„ key
7
1596, „ „ . .
, 17
1598, „ „ . ; f.
1
„ „ „ anchor . ;;&
,, 1
„ 1599, „ „ ., r.
1
1601, „ 1. . .
9
1602, „ 1 .
6
2<
,, ,, ...
. 26
,, uncertain m.m.
. 164
.f tr
—1,649
JAMES I.
Shillings, (Exurgat), m.m. thistle :»
. 53
„ lis .
. 30
„ (Quae Deus), m.m. lis .
''.'; 47
„ „ „ rose
. 50
„ „ „ scallop ,
.' 22
„ „ „ grapes .
. , 7
„ „ „ coronet
. 30
„ key
7
„ „ „ bell
1
„ „ „ mullet .
3
„ tower .
1
„ „ „ tun
4
„ „ „ rose (2nd issue) 12
„ „ „ thistle „ 9
,, ,, ,, lis „ 22
») »» ») j» n ^
(plume over shield)
' » ,, „ trefoil .
7
„ ,, uncertain m.m.
13
— 320
Sixpences, 1603 (Exurgat), ra.m. thistle .
31
„ 1604 „ „ „ .
12
lie
» 5> J5 >J 11& • •
25
„ „ (Quae Deus), m.m. lis
10
1^05 „ „ „ v
12
Carried forward
90
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES.
X
150
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward .
90
Sixpences, 1605 (Quae Deus), m.m. rose .
20
„ 1606 „ „ „
11
„ „ „ „ scallop
9
„ 1507 „ „ „
1
it graP68
10
„ „ „ „ coronet
7
1608
4
1610 „ „ bell .
2
1611 „ „ mullet
2
„ 1618 „ „ trefoil.
1
1621 „ „ rose .
3
„ „ „ „ thistle
1
1622
3
1628 „ „ „
1
2
!! 1624 " " „
3
„ „ „ „ trefoil.
7
„ uncertain dates, &c. .
7
—
184
Scottish half-merks »
2
—
2
Shillings (Irish), m.m. bell
2
„ „ cinquefoil
1
—
3
CHARLES I.
Tower Mint.
Half-crowns, m.m. lis (1625) .
3
„ „ cross on steps (1626) .
1
„ „ anchor (1628) .
8
„ plume (1680) .
1
„ harp (1632)
2
„ portcullis (1633) .
5
„ bell (1634). . .
21
„ crown (1635)
24
„ tun (1636) . . /.
32
„ triangle (1689) .
11
„ star (1640).
30
„ „ triangle in circle (1641)
155
„ (P) (1643) .
19
Carried forward
312
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORL1NGTON. 151
Brdught forward . .-.„ . 312
Half-crowns, m.m. (R) (1644) . . ... 39
„ eye (1645) ... 22
„ sun (1646) ... 12
„ uncertain m.m. ... 54
— 439
Shillings, m.m. lis (1625) . . .11
„ „ cross on steps (1625-6) . 5
„ „ castle (1627) ... 2
„ „ plume (1630) ... 15
„ „ rose (1631) ... 8
„ harp (1682) ... 45
„ „ portcullis (1683) . . 40
„ bell (1684) ... 66
„ „ crown (1635) . . . 132
„ tun (1686) . . .157
„ „ (1638) ... 62
„ „ anchor (1638) ... 82
„ triangle (1689). . . 150
„ star (1640) . . .141
„ „ triangle in circle (1641) . 827
„ (P)(1643) ... 46
„ (R)(1644) ... 44
„ eye (1645) ... 30
„ „ sun (1645) ... 52
„ „ sceptre (1646) ... 4
„ „ uncertain .... 224
—1,643
Sixpences, m.m. lis (1625) ... 7
(one without m.m. on rev.)
„ „ cross on steps (1625-6) . 2
„ „ plume (1630) (square shield) 1
„ „ plume (1630) (oval shield) . 3
„ „ rose on plume on obv., rose
on rev. ; plume over
shield (1631) . . 1
„ harp (1632) ... 11
„ „ portcullis (1633) . . 17
„ bell (1634) ... 14
„ crown (1635) ... 47
„ „ tun (1636) ... 51
Carried forward 154
152 KUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward . . . 154
Sixpences, m.m. tun (1638) (square shield) 20
anchor (1638) ... 19
triangle (1639) . . 34
star (1640) ... 25
triangle in circle (1641) . 13
(P) (1643) , ' . . 2
(R)(1644) . . . 1
uncertain . . .25
— 295
jj j>
jj jj
jj jj
jj »
jj jj
jj jj
jj j>
Aberystwith Mint.
Shillings, m.m. open book , . . 2
— 2
Exeter Mint.
Crown, m.m. rose . . . . 1
— 1
Half-crowns, m.m. rose, square shield be-
tween C. R. . . 3
„ „ rose, square shield, C.
R. above ... 2
„ „ rose, oval shield . .87
„ „ „ date
1644 . . .1
— 43
Shillings, m.m. rose, square garnished
shield . . .1
„ „ rose, oval shield between
C. R 1
„ „ rose, oval shield, no C. R. 2
dated
1644 .... 2
„ „ roee, oval shield, dated
1645 .... 1
— 7
Sixpence, m.m. rose, oval shield, 1644 . 1
— 1
Scottish.
Sixpence, rev. square shield between C. R. 1
Spanish dollar, or piece of "8," circ. 1630 1
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON. 153
From the above list it will be seen that, with the
exception of a few pieces of Edward VI., the hoard con-
sisted entirely of coins of Elizabeth, James I., and
Charles I., and of these reigns, so far as the shillings and
sixpences go, it is one of the largest and most complete
finds on record. The coins of Charles I., with few
exceptions, were of the Tower mint, which ceased in
1646.
The coins of Edward VI. are all of the last issue, and
of the fine silver standard. They bear the usual mint
marks tun and letter y. These coins were much worn.
Of Mary alone, and of Philip and Mary, we have no
coins, but of Elizabeth there is a complete series of the
hammered shillings with all the mint marks as given
by Hawkins. As there are no new ones, it may be con-
cluded that Hawkins's list is complete, at least so far as
our present knowledge goes. Of the hammered sixpences
of Elizabeth all the known mint marks are represented
except those of the year 1600, which were the anchor and the
circle or the figure naught (= 1600). A few of the earlier
dates are also missing, but not the mint marks. In addi-
tion, there are three varieties not mentioned by Hawkins.
The first is the sixpence of 1566 with mint mark a crown.
This piece shows that this mint mark occurred one year
earlier than given by Hawkins. The second piece is that
of 1571, with mint mark an acorn. The earliest date
iormerly known of this mint mark was 1573. From this
we may conclude that the mint mark acorn was also used
in 1572, which would give us a sequence from 1571-
1574. The third new variety is the sixpence of 1587,
with mint mark a scallop. Hawkins gives the dates
1584, 1585, and 1586 for that mint mark, but not this
fourth year, 1587. There is only one specimen of this
154 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
coin in the hoard, and it shows that the die was an
altered one of 1586. The milled coinage of Elizabeth
is represented by two sixpences only, viz., one of 1562
with mint mark a star, the other of 1567 with mint mark
a lis. The coins of this reign are so much worn that
among the shillings there are 23 specimens the mint
marks of which are not recognisable, and among the six-
pences no less than 164, the dates of which are no longer
legible.
In the series of shillings of James I. we have all the
mint marks recorded by Hawkins, but of the sixpences
the following dates are missing : — 1609, key ; 1612,
tower ; 1613, cinquefoil ; and 1615, tun. The presence
of two Scottish half-merks and three Irish shillings shows
that these coins passed in currency in England at the
time.
Of Charles I. the only local mints represented in this
hoard are those of Aberystwith and Exeter. Of the
former there are only two shillings, and of the latter one
crown, the only one in the hoard, 46 half-crowns, 7
shillings, and one sixpence dated 1644.
The Tower series of half-crowns, shillings, and six-
pences is unusually complete. Of the half-crowns the
only missing mint marks are the castle (1627), the
negro's head (1626-7), the heart (1629-30), the rose
(1631), the anchor (1638), and the sceptre (1646). All
the half-crowns, with mint mark a rose, in the hoard
must be given to Exeter ; those of the Tower showing
the king bearing his sword directed over his shoulder,
and the horse caparisoned. The Exeter pieces have the
sword upright and the horse without plumes or caparisons ;
besides that they all bear the peculiarly shaped rose
attributed to Exeter.
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON. 155
The half-crowns with mint mark anchor had that
symbol in three different positions, viz., upright, or turned
to left or to right. Of the shillings, the only missing
mint marks are the negro's head (1626-7), the anchor,
1628, and the heart (1629-30). There are no new
varieties in either the coins of this denomination or in the
half-crowns. Of the sixpences one specimen of the lis mint
mark, 1625, has none on the reverse, and another dated
1630, with mint mark plume, has a square shield on the
reverse instead of an oval one. This variety is unpub-
lished, and shows that the change in the form of the shield
took place early in this year ; all the other known six-
pences with this mint mark having the oval shield on the
reverse and being without date. The missing mint marks
in the series of sixpences are the castle, 1627, of which
Hawkins cites only one example, formerly in the Neck
cabinet, the negro's head (1626-7) ; the anchor, 1628 ;
the heart (1629-30); the eye and sun, 1645; and the
sceptre, 1646.
The two Aberystwith shillings are of the usual type
with mint mark an open book, and on the reverse an oval
shield ornamented with a plume.
Of the Exeter mint the crown has the mint mark a
rose, and on the reverse an oval garnished shield. It is
not dated, and is, therefore, assigned by Hawkins to the
earliest issue of the mint. The half-crowns are of four
reverse types, viz., with oval garnished shield between
C. K. ; with similar shield surmounted by C. E. ; with oval
garnished shield and no letters; and, lastly, with oval
shield and date 1644. It should be noted that the shield
of the first two types is different from that of the last two.
It is less oval, and is, in fact, oblong with the corners only
rounded. Hawkins, in his description, merely calls all the
156 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
shields oval. The shillings are of the same types as the
half-crowns, but one specimen has the oblong oval gar-
nished shield without the letters C. R. This type appears
to be unpublished. Three specimens are dated 1644 and
1645. The only sixpence of Exeter in the find is that
which is dated 1644, and with the oval shield on the
reverse. This coin is extremely rare. It will be seen
from the list that the only mint mark on the Exeter coins
is the rose. There is no specimen with the castle mint
mark, which does not appear to have been adopted till
the end of 1645. This circumstance will be accounted for
later on.
As East Worlington is situated only about nineteen
miles from Exeter, it is not surprising to find a fair
number of coins of this mint in the hoard. In fact,
amongst such a large number one would have expected
certainly to have met with not only some of B riot's
coins, but also some of the other local mints, such as
Shrewsbury, Oxford, Bristol, and Weymouth, which had
begun their issues long before 1646. We can only con-
clude that the output of the coins from these mints was
limited, and that their circulation was confined to a
restricted area, if not within the actual city where they
were struck.
The coins of Charles I., of the Tower mint, are mostly
in poor condition or badly struck. This applies specially
to the half-crowns and shillings. Of the former there
are 54 specimens, the mint marks of which are either
illegible or not struck up, and of the shillings there are
no less than 224 pieces in a similar state. The Exeter
coins, on the other hand, are in many instances as fresh
as when issued from the mint, but, nevertheless, the majority
are ill struck ; the flan being very irregular and chipped.
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON. 157
There is not a single example which would be described
as a " good round coin."
To give an approximate date to the burial of this hoard
is not a difficult matter. The latest struck coin in the
hoard is the shilling of Charles L, of the Tower mint,
with the mint mark, a sceptre. The issue of this coin, as
we know from the sixpence, took place in 1646. Turning
to the history of Devonshire of that date, we find that this
year was one of great tribulation for the county. It was
the scene of the final conflict between the Parliamentarians
and the Royalists in the "West of England. Fairfax and
Cromwell commanded the former, whilst Lords Hopton
and Went worth, with whom was Prince Charles, com-
manded the latter. We need not enter into the details
of this struggle beyond our purpose. Exeter, Dartmouth,
and Plymouth were besieged by one side or the other, and
Fairfax was active in scouring the country with his army.
On the 14th of February, 1646, he was with his army
at Chumleigh, a distance of only six miles from East
Worlington. A couple of days afterwards Torrington
fell into his hands, the army of the Royalists was taken
prisoners or else scattered, and those who escaped took
refuge with their generals Lord Hopton and Lord Cassel in
Cornwall. In about a month Exeter surrendered, and
this being followed shortly afterwards by the submission of
Barnstaple, the coup de grace was given to the cause of the
King in the West. These data afford us sufficient evidence
for fixing the time when the hoard was buried.
The absence of any coins of a smaller denomination than
the sixpence would at first sight have indicated not a
private hoard, but rather a part of a military chest hastily
concealed. It is also very probable that in their flight the
Hoyalist troops must have passed very near the spot where
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. Y
158 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the coins were concealed. The nature of the burial, how-
ever, viz. in three ordinary household pitchers, the close
proximity of the farmhouse and the local tradition, induce
one rather to take the other view and to class the coins
as a private hoard. No doubt at this time the villagers
ran great risks of being robbed either by the Royalists or
Parliamentarians ; and as it was probably known that the
owner of Thorndon Farm was well-to-do, concealment was
the best mode of protection. So the owner buried his
coins, and as he did not unearth them he may possibly
have been one of those who fell in the attack or defence of
Torrington in 1646. Such an event would tally with the
circumstances as connected with the owner, and with the
probable date of the burial of the hoard, which we would
place at quite early in 1646. The absence of any coins of
Exeter with the mint mark a castle, which was adopted
at the end 1645, may also be easily accounted for. That
city was besieged by the Parliamentarians at the end of
that year, and as the siege lasted for some time it is pro-
bable that no coins of the later issue had passed out of the
city before the burial of the hoard.
One peculiar circumstance connected with the hoard
is that many of the coins of Charles I. are much defaced
by cross scratching. As this defacement would not probably
have been done by the Royalists, one can only conjecture
that this mode of defacing the coins was one way by
which the Parliamentarians in North Devon showed their
disrespect for the King.
H. A. GRUEBER.
X.
A FIND OF COINS AT CREDITON, N. DEVON.
ON the 15th October last, whilst some alterations were
being carried out to a building forming a part of the
parish church of Crediton, in Devonshire, a large hoard
of English silver coins was discovered. The building
where the find took place consists of three storeys. The
ground-floor is occupied by the vestry. Above that are
two small rooms, and above these, on the second floor, a
large room which is used by the governors of the church
for their meetings. These governors are a body of twelve
men, supposed to be yeomen of the parish, and they hold
that position by virtue of an ancient charter. The two
intermediate rooms, between the vestry and the governors'
room, were formerly used, one as a plumbery, the other
as a kitchen, but more recently they served as lumber-
rooms. These, as well as the governors' room, are ap-
proached by a spiral staircase, and are built against the
outer wall of the church. It was whilst carrying out
some repairs in the plumbery, in the process of convert-
ing it into a vestry for the choir, that the discovery took
place and in the following manner.1
1 The particulars relating to the actual finding of the coins have
been furnished by Mr. L. A. D. Montague, a member of our
Societv.
160 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Whilst a workman was employed in removing the ceil-
ing of the plumbery, he struck against a hard substance
with his hammer, and when the plaster gave way there
came down a shower of silver coins of various sizes. On
closer inspection the workman found that he had cut into
a leather bag, which was resting on the beam next to the
wall and between the joists supporting the floor of the
governors' room above. When all the coins were col-
lected, they were found to weigh about 19| Ibs. The
ceiling of the plumbery is only seven feet high ; so that
it was possible to have placed the bag in the position in
which it was found by removing the ceiling and after-
wards replacing the plaster ; or the bag could have been
placed there by removing the floor of the room above.
This latter mode of concealment seems to be the more
probable.
As the coins had been claimed as treasure- trove, they
were forwarded in the leather bag in which they were
found to the British Museum, where they underwent a
careful examination, the results of which are now laid
before the Society.
The hoard consists of shillings and sixpences of Ed-
ward VI., Philip and Mary, and Elizabeth ; half-crowns,
shillings, and sixpences of James I. and Charles I. ; and
crowns, half-crowns, shillings, and sixpences of Charles II.,
and a few Scottish and Irish pieces.
The following is a summary of the contents of the
hoard : —
Edward VI. . Shillings ... 7
,, . Sixpences ... 4
Philip and Mary Shillings ... 4
,, Sixpences ... 3
Carried forward 18
A FIND OF COINS AT CREDITON, N. DEVON. 161
Brought forward . . 18
Elizabeth . Shillings (hammered) . 166
,, . Sixpences ,, . 616
(milled) . . 1
James I. . Half-crowns ... 3
. Shillings . . .107
„ . Sixpences ... 99
„ . Thistle merks (Scottish) 9
„ Half „ „ „ 4
. Shillings (Scottish) . 2
„ (Irish) . . 2
Charles I. . Tower Half-crowns . 164
. Briot „ . 1
„ . Bristol „ . 2
„ . Oxford ,, .8
„ . Shrewsbury ,, .1
. Weymouth „ .3
. York „ . 4
„ . Worcester „ . 1
„ . Scottish „ . 2
„ . Tower Shillings . . 468
. Oxford „ 3
„ . Scottish „ 1
„ . Tower Sixpences . . 141
Charles II. . Hammered Half-crowns . 16
„ . „ Shillings . 10
„ . ,, Sixpences . 5
„ . Milled Crowns . . 4
,, . ,, Half-crowns . . 19
„ Shillings . . * 4
1884
It will be noticed from this list that though the coins
overlap the period by many years both before and after,
there was not a single coin of the Commonwealth in the
hoard.
As in the case of the East Worlington hoard, the par-
ticulars of which I communicated to the Society a few
weeks ago, I will now give a more detailed list of the
find of coins before us, taking the various issues of each
reign in the order of Hawkins. In addition to this
162 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
mention will be made of any special varieties or any coin
deserving special notice.
EDWARD VI.
Shillings (full-face), m.m. tun ... 6
„ y . ' .1
rj
Sixpences (full-face), m.m. tun . . 3
„ y • . _i
PHILIP AND MARY.
Shillings, mark of value on rev., no date . 3
„ „ „ „ 1555 obv. 1
— 4
Sixpences, mark of value on rev., date on
obv. 1554, 1557 (2) . . . . — 3
ELIZABETH.
Shillings (hammered),
m.m. martlet .
19
5J 5)
„ cross-crosslet .
22
J> »>
„ lis
4
» J)
„ bell . .'
5
JJ »>
„ A. . .
13
» . »
„ scallop .
12
)> »
„ crescent
5
JJ J>
„ hand
4
» 5>
„ tun
16
J) »
„ woolpack
15
» 5»
„ key
6
2
»» »
", 1 .
9
)J J)
)> 2 .
9
}) )J
uncertain (clipped) .
25
166
Sixpences (hammered),
1561, m.m. phaeon .
20
» >j
1562 „
7
» j>
1564 „
8
5> J>
1565 „
5
» J)
1565 „ rose
9
Carried forward 49
A FIND OF COINS AT CRED1TON, N. DEVON. 163
Brought forward
49
Sixpences (hammered),
1566,
m.m
. portcullis
20
jj jj
1566,
,,
lion
2
jj jj
1567,
„
jj
7
jj jj
1567,
jj
coronet .
15
jj jj
1568,
H
j»
34
jj jj
1569,
J}
jj
19
jj jj
1570,
jj
jj
7
jj jj
1570,
j,
castle
4
jj jj
1571,
„
jj
15
(milled)
1571,
jj
jj
1
„ (hammered)
1572,
„
ermine .
28
jj jj
1573,
,,
jj
7
j? jj
1573,
jj
acorn
11
jj jj
1573,
„
cinquefoil
7
jj jj
1574,
,,
acorn
1
jj jj
1574,
,,
cinquefoil
20
j> jj
1575,
,,
jj
22
jj jj
1576,
jj
jj
4
jj jj
1577,
„
jj •
3
jj jj
1578,
,,
cross
23
jj jj
1579,
jj
jj
11
jj jj
1580,
jj
jj
24
jj jj
1581,
jj
jj
7
jj jj
1582,
,,
sword
19
jj jj
1582,
M
bell
3
jj j»
1583,
jj
jj •
10
jj jj
1583,
jj
ft .
4
jj jj
1584,
Jj
bell, ft .
6
jj jj
1584,
JJ
scallop
10
jj jj
1585,
JJ
jj
10
jj jj
1586,
JJ
jj
5
jj jj
1587,
jj
crescent .
5
jj jj
1588,
jj
j» •
2
jj jj
1589,
jj
jj •
2
jj jj
1590,
jj
hand
7
jj jj
1591,
jj
jj
5
jj jj
1592,
jj
jj
1
jj jj
1592,
JJ
tun
9
'J JJ
1593,
JJ
j j
19
JJ JJ
1594,
j j
woolpack
15
J» JJ
1595,
jj
j>
1
JJ JJ
1595,
j>
key
2
Carried forward
. 468
164
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward
Sixpences (hammered), 1596, m.m. key
„ 1598,
1599,
1601,
1602,
1602,
. .
468
key
7
o
anchor
JQ
1
1
4
1
1
2
8
.m. or date
126
JAMES I.
Half-crown (Qua3 Deus) m.m. lis (plume over
shield) .
„ „ „ trefoil slipped .
(Exurgat)
(Qvae Deus)
uncertain
Sixpences (Exurgat), 1603, m.m. thistle
1604, „ lis
„ (Qua9 Deus), 1604, m.m. lis
1605,
1606,
1606,
1607,
1607,
1608,
1609,
1611,
1613,
Carried forward
rose
»
scallop .
»
coronet .
) »
key
mullet .
cinquefoil
617
Shillings (Exurgat) m.m. thistle . . .10
lis ... 10
(QuseDeus)
rose ... 8
escallop . .11
coronet . . 7
bell ... 1
cinquefoil . . 1
tun ... 1
rose (1621). . 8
thistle (1621) . 2
„ (plume over shield) 1
trefoil slipped (1624) 5
2
32
107
15
12
6
12
6
9
5
8
2
3
1
1
80
A FIND OF COINS AT CREDITON, N. DEVON. 165
Brought forward . . .80
Sixpences (Quaa Deus), 1615, m.m. tun . 1
1621, „ rose . 1
1623, „ lis .,„ 2
„ „ 1624, „ „ . 3
„ „ 1624, „ trefoil . 3
„ „ uncertain dates . 9
99
Scottish.
Thistle merks (1602) .... 4
„ ,, uncertain dates ... 5
Half Thistle merks, uncertain dates . . 4
Shillings, m.m. thistle .... 2
— 15
Irish.
Shillings (Exurgat), m.m. bell ... 1
„ (Henricus) „ rose ... 1
— 2
CHARLES I.
(Tower Mint.)
Half-crown, m.m. lis (1625) ... 1
„ „ plume (1630) . . 1
„ „ ,, ,, (plume above
shield) . 1
„ rose (1631) ... 1
„ „ harp (1632) (C.R. at sides) 1
„ portcullis (1633) . . 2
„ bell (1634) . . .2
„ „ crown (1685) ... . 2
„ „ tun (1636) ... 9
,, „ anchor (1638), upright
and prostrate . . 2
„ triangle (1639) '. . . 13
„ star (1640) ^ . . .7
„ „ triangle in circle (1641) . 24
„ (P)(1648) ... 10
„ (R)(1644) ... . 19
„ eye (1645) ... 6
„ sun (1645) . . .16
„ „ sceptre (1646) . ., 1
„ „ uncertain . . .46
Carried forward ." .; 164
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. Z
166 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward . . . 164
Half-crown (Briot), m.m. anchor and B
(oval shield) ... 1
„ 1645 (Bristol), BR. in mon. on
both sides .... 2
„ 1642 (Oxford), no mint name . 3
1643 „ „ „ . 2
„ 1643 „ large plume be-
tween two small ones above,
declaration below. 1643. OX. 1
1645 (Oxford), with OX under
date ..... 1
1645 (Oxford), with
• .
,, 1642 (Shrewsbury), declara-
tion, above which -26- . 1
„ 1642 (Weymouth), W under
horse ; rev. square shield
crowned, coarse work . 1
,, no date ; no letter under horse ;
rev. oval garnished shield,
with lis on either side . . 2
„ (York) ; rev. oval garnished
shield, m.m. lion . . 4
„ (Worcester local mint) ; rev.
square crowned shield be-
tween C. R. . . .1
Scottish.
Half-crown, one with F (Falconer) under
horse's foot ; m.m. thistle . 2
— 22
(Tower Mint.) —186
Shillings, m.m. lis (1625) ... 6
„ anchor (1628) ... 1
„ lis (1680) oval shield . 1
„ plume (1630) . . 8
„ rose (1631) ... 4
„ harp (1632), C.R. at sides 7
„ portcullis (1633), C.R. at
sides .... 8
„ bell (1634) ... 8
„ crown (1635) ... 20
Carried forward 58
A FIND OF COINS AT CREDITON, N. DEVON. 167
Brought forward ... 58
Shillings, m.m. tun (1636) oval shield . 34
„ „ „ (1638) square shield . 4
,, ,, anchor (1638), various
positions ... 9
,, triangle (1639) . . 32
„ star (1640) ... 28
„ „ triangle in circle (1641) . 63
„ (P)(1643) ... 12
„ (R)(1644) ... 29
„ eye (1645) ... 8
„ sun (1645) ... 21
„ „ sceptre (1646) . . 8
„ uncertain m.m., oval shield . 14
,, ,, „ square shield . 148
(Oxford) 1643 . . . . 2
„ 1645 ... 1
,, (Scottish) m.m. two thistles on
obv., F. on rev. ... 1
472
(Tower Mint.)
Sixpences, 1625, m.m. lis ... 6
,, ,, ,, cross on steps . 1
,, 1626, ,, ,, „ ,, .1
,, 1627, „ negro's head . . 1
„ m.m. plume (1630) . . 4
,, „ portcullis (1633) . . 2
„ bell (1634) . . .4
„ crown (1685) ... 10
„ ,, tun (1636), oval shield . 12
„ „ (1638), square shield . 8
„ anchor (1638) all to right 8
„ triangrle (1639) . . 18
„ star (1640) ... 5
,, ,, triangle in circle (1641) . 3
„ (R)(1644) ... 3
„ sun (1645) . . . 6
,, uncertain m.m. oval shield . 23
,, ,, „ square shield . 25
,, Scottish . ... . 1
— 141
168 NUMISMATIC CH110NICLE.
CHAKLES II.
Hammered Coinage.
Half-crown, mark of value, no inner circles . 1
„ ,, „ and inner circles 15
16
Shillings, mark of value, and inner circles . 10
Sixpences, „ „ „ „ . 5
Milled Coinage.
Crown, 1662, rose under bust . . .1
„ 1663 . . . . . .2
„ 1666 1
— 4
Half-crowns, 1663,1669, 1670(2), 1671 ^2),
1673, 1675, 1676 (3), 1677 (3), 1679 (3),
1683 (2) 19
Shillings, 1663, 1668 (2), 1680 ... 4
Before proceeding to give particulars of any of the in-
dividual coins in the hoard, it should be noted that by far
the greater number are in very poor condition. They are
so much rubbed by being in circulation, that not only are
the mint-marks often not to be distinguished, but in many
instances the inscriptions are almost illegible. From
Edward VI. to James I. there is not a single coin in even
fair condition : those of Charles I. are, on the whole, not
quite so much worn ; whilst the majority of the milled
coins of Charles II. show but few signs of having been in
circulation. His hammered coins are, for the most part,
rubbed.
The few coins of Edward VI. and Philip and Mary call
for no remarks beyond that, as in the East Worlington
find, the only coins of the first reign are of the fine silver
series.
Of Elizabeth all the known mint-marks on the shillings
are represented in the hoard with the exception of the
A FIND OF COIN'S AT CREDITOR, N. DEVON. 169
anchor, 1597. The mint-marks of the sixpences are quite
complete, and only a few dates are missing. One piece
of 1570 shows the mint-mark, a castle struck over a
coronet ; and in the whole series there is only one milled
coin, and that a sixpence of 1571, with the mint-mark a
castle.
There are only three half-crowns of James I. in the
hoard : one with mint-mark lis (1604), the others with
trefoil slipped (1613) ; and all with the legend QY^E
DEVS. The series of shillings and sixpences of this
reign is not so complete as regards mint-marks and dates
as that of Elizabeth. A comparison of the above lists
with those given in Hawkins will show which are the
missing ones ; so they need not be set out in detail.
There are several Scottish coins, which prove, as in the
case of the East Worlington find, that these passed in
currency in England, the thistle rnerks as shillings and
the half thistle merks as sixpences. There are also two
Irish shillings, which must have passed current for half
their nominal value, i.e., 6d.
Of Charles I. we get no crowns, but there is a good
representative series of half-crowns of the Tower Mint,
and some rather interesting pieces of local issue. Some
of the earlier half-crowns struck between 1625 and 1630
are wanting, but after 1630 the series is quite complete
down to 1646, when it will be recollected that the issue
of coins at the Tower Mint ceased till the Common-
wealth. In spite of a very careful examination no new
varieties were met with ; but it should be noted that
these coins were in such a poor state, that out of 164
specimens the mint-marks of 46 could not be made out.
Amongst the local half-crowns the following are the
more noteworthy pieces. Of Oxford there are three
170 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
specimens of 1642, the first year in which coins were
issued from that mint ; these were struck from the usual
Oxford dies, and not from those imported from Aberyst-
with, as was mostly the case. Of 1643 there is one piece
with a large plume between two small ones over the
declaration, and with the date and mint-mark 1643 OX.
below. One of 1645 has lozenges for stops between the
words of the legends, and on either side of the date
are the initials of the mint. Of Shrewsbury there is one
specimen of the somewhat rare piece, having above the
declaration the value 2s. 6d., divided by one plume only.
Of Weymouth one half-crown has the usual w under the
horse, and on the reverse a square shield crowned ; but
it is of such coarse work, that it was probably an imita-
tion of an original coin of that mint, and may therefore
have been struck elsewhere than at Weymouth. There
are also two other pieces which, though not bearing the
initial of the mint on the obverse, must also be attributed
to Weymouth. They have on the obverse the horse with
long flowing mane in front, and on the reverse the usual
oval shield, but garnished with two lis. They are similar
to Hawkins, 500, which is classed among the uncertain
half-crowns, and also like those pieces, described in the
Montagu Sale Catalogue (Part iii.), under lots 613 — 617.
From their similarity to coins that were undoubtedly
struck at Weymouth, there can be little question of this
attribution. It may be added that on one specimen there
was a rosette after AVSPICE, and on another a lis in the
same place. The York half-crowns do not furnish any
new varieties.
Of the Tower shillings a few mint-marks are wanting
between 1625 and 1630, as was the case with the half-
crowns, but from the latter date the series is quite com-
A FIND OF COINS AT CREDITON, N. DEVON. 171
plete. There is only one somewhat exceptional piece to
be noticed — a shilling with the mint-mark lis, and having
the bust of the king in lace collar and armour on the
obverse and an oval shield on the reverse. This coin
must have been struck after 1630, and as it is of somewhat
rude work it should perhaps be attributed to " an uncertain
mint." Its original t}^pe would be a coin of the Tower
Mint. The only shillings of local striking are those of
Oxford, which present no new varieties. It may be
added that out of 468 specimens the mint-marks on 162
pieces were undistinguishable.
Of the sixpences, which are all of the Tower Mint
except one Scottish, the list is fairly complete. There is
only one rare specimen, and that the sixpence of 1627
with the negro's head.
Neither the hammered coins nor those of the milled
series of Charles II. call for any special remarks. It need
only be noticed that whilst the hammered pieces are a
good deal rubbed and worn, those of the milled series are
in excellent condition and appear to have been but little
in circulation.
The absence of any coin of the Commonwealth seems at
first somewhat remarkable ; but when we take into con-
sideration that the circulation of such coins was prohibited
after November, 1661, their absence is easily explained. It
is most probable that the forming of this hoard did not
commence till after that date.
As to the conditions under which the hoard was buried
there is little scope for conjecture. It was hidden under
very different circumstances from that found about a year
and a-half ago at East Worlington, which place is situated
about ten miles from Crediton. The burial of the East
Worlington hoard was due to the unsettled state of the
172 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
country and took place about 1645. The Crediton hoard
was not buried till after 1683, or about forty years later.
When found it was conjectured that some connection may
have existed between the two hoards ; but the dates sup-
plied by the coins show that this is impossible. The
East Worlington hoard must have been buried quite
twenty years before the owner of that of Crediton Church
began amassing his.
The Crediton hoard is of a purely private character
and was not in any way connected with outside influences.
Hidden within the precincts of the church, it must have
been placed there by some one engaged within the build-
ing. Whether the owner obtained the coins honestly or
not, or whether they had formed part of the church
offerings, would be a matter of pure conjecture. It re-
presented a goodly sum at that time. From the rubbed
state of the earlier coins of Charles II. it is evident that
the amassing of the hoard did not begin till after 1665
and must have extended over a period of about twenty
years. We draw this conclusion from the fact that the
earlier milled coins of that reign are in such good condi-
tion that they could not long have been in circulation
before they were set aside. .
H. A. GRUEBER.
chnmSer.mM.mmja.
ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1696.
Num.Chron,. Ser.lll. Vol. XW. PL IV
/R
ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1896.
NumXkrvn. Ser.lll. V0l.XWJ.PL V.
ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1896.
Niarv. Ckrvri.Ser.ffl. VoL XVU.PL VI.
. Chnm,. SerM VoLXW.Pl. W
NORTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE A. D. 758-808
XI.
THE TYPE KNOWN AS "THE DEMOS," ON COINS OF
RHEGIUM.
(See Plate VIII.)
THE first issue of the well-known Rhegian coin type of a
seated male figure is supposed to coincide with the estab-
lishment of the rule of democracy at that city in 466 B.C.,
and it is believed — on account of the advanced style of the
latest, as compared with the semi-archaic character of the
earliest specimens — to have extended over about half a
century. The figure has been explained in various ways.
Some numismatists, in taking their stand on the, doubtless
correct, chronological attribution of the series, have seen
in it a direct reflection and result of the political revolution.
Others have been content to judge the type by itself
according to the evidence afforded by such specimens as
had come within the scope of their observation. On this
latter principle the figure has been thought to represent
Asklepios and Trophonios,1 or even the master of a choir
of thirty-five youths who, as Pausanias2 informs us, were
lost in crossing from Messana to Rhegium.3 The historic
view may possibly underlie Eckhel's description of the
type: "Juppiter sedens d. hastam,"4 as he may have
1 Zeitsch.fur Num., XIII., p. 811.
2 Pausanias V., 25.
3 Carelli, p. 110.
4 Doctrina Num., I., 178.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. A A
174 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
thought of the god in the exercise of his chief function
towards men, viz., as the deliverer, in which capacity he
appears on well-known Sicilian coins of a later date.
It is not necessary to specify the reasons which render
all these explanations unacceptable,5 as they have gene-
rally been abandoned since another more acceptable theory
was brought forward which has continued to hold the
field; according to it the figure is the Demos, the imper-
sonation of the Common Wealth. This view does not
appear to have been questioned since it was advanced —
with one exception, of which further on. Its favourable
reception it seems to owe essentially to the satisfaction
which it affords to the historical sense by directly con-
necting the type with an important political event.
There is, besides, about this theory something of a con-
venient vagueness, and when a pleasing and striking idea
is illustrated and supported by so charming an object as
the figure on coin No. 15 of our plate (Paris collection),
we admire and we assent. I will, however, try to ascer-
tain if it can be made good on general archaeological as
well as on numismatic grounds.
To begin with the latter — the head of Demos, both
bearded and beardless, occurs frequently on Greek im-
perial coins, mainly of Asia Minor. The whole figure is
found much more rarely. Occasionally other impersona-
tions, such as BOYAH, are mentioned along with
AHMOC.6 On Greek autonomous coins " O AEMOZ "
occurs but once, viz., on the famous tetradrachm of
5 I would only mention in passing that Carelli's extraordinary
interpretation of the figure as the " magister chori juvenum
XXXV " — may have been suggested by the figure of Stesichorus
on a late coin of Thermae Himerenses.
6 Rasche, III., p. 202.
TYPE KNOWN AS "THE DEMOS/' ON COINS OF RHEGIUM. 175
Athens. Kohler7 ascribes its issue to 86 or 85 B.C. ;
Head in his B. M. Cat. Attica, p. Ivi., accepts this date,
though he formerly placed it as early as about 200 B.C.8 I
prefer the later date ; for although the fabric appears rather
more spread than that of the tetradrachm of the time, and
with the name, of Mithridates, the work is very rude, while
that of the early issues of large spread tetradrachms is good.
The historical reasons also, as put forward by Kohler,
appear to me convincing. But even if we accept Head's
first assumption, " Demos " on coins cannot be traced back
further than about two hundred years before Christ, and
then only in the form of an inscription, not as a type,
which latter seems to be confined to non-autonomous issues.
Similar chronological conditions appear to apply to other
impersonative types, like HfEMONIA, CYNKAH-
TOC, BO YAH, and others. In very rare cases only
can we discover comparatively early pictorial renderings
of similarly abstract conceptions. To these belong the
types of PUMA on the third century stater of Epizephyrian
Locri and the head of ZIKEAIA on a bronze coin of
Alaesa, attributed to the time of Timoleon. EAAA — but
only as a legend, not a type — occurs on a drachm of
Larissa, which is supposed to have been struck by Alex-
ander of Pherae during his occupation of the town. This,
however, may be part of a magistrate's name. The
earliest impersonative coin-type and legend occur, as far
as I know, on a stater of Cyzicus, which is attributed to
the early part of the fourth century.9 On it appears a
7 Zeitsc/i.fur Num., XII., p. 106.
8 Hist. Num., p. 318.
9 Greenwell, Coinage of Cyzicus, Num. Chron., 1887, vol. vii.,
p. 76, PL III., Fig. 3'.
176 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
female figure seated on a cippus with the inscription
EAEYOEPI.
"We see, then, that coins of ascertained meaning supply
no evidence that any impersonative figures had come into
use earlier than the fourth century, that is, at least seventy
years after the first issue of the Rhegian type.
I will now briefly touch upon the wider fields of ancient
art in sculpture and painting.
We hear of numerous works of later Hellenistic
times, commonly called allegorical subjects, which im-
personate abstract conceptions. Some few of these are
left to us. We meet with figures and groups which are
meant to visualize the idea of civic communities, each
being provided with distinguishing attributes.10 In this
class of works of art may also be included the colossal
figure of Nilus, with the sixteen cubits of the rise of his
waters in the form of naked children. Nilus himself is
not an allegorical figure, but a great and beneficent deity,
honoured, no doubt, by offerings on many altars. But
the figures emblematic of the cubits are truly alle-
gorical.
In distinguishing allegorical figures from others we
should be careful to ascertain as fully as possible whether
the ideas embodied by a figure had, or had not, grown
into a real deity with the people. Otherwise misappre-
hensions are sure to follow and multiply. No doubt very
many of the gods and goddesses originated in the figures
of speech of poets. None the less did they become divine
beings from the moment when they received the honours
of worship. To take a case in point. It might be con-
10 Overbeck, Geschichte der griech. Plastik, II. Ed., vol. ii.,
364.
'TYPE KNOWN AS "THE DEMOS," ON COINS OF RHEGIUM. 177
tended on what appears good ground that allegorical
subjects were not foreign to Greek sculptural design at a
very early period ; for do we not read in Pausanias that
on the chest of Cypselus there was depicted ALKY] punish-
ing 'AStKia ? Justice and injustice seem purely allegorical
figures. Yet we find that Hesiod already knows ALKTJ
as the child of Zeus and Themis, and that altars were
erected to her. About 'ABt/aa there seems to be no such
positive information. Nevertheless, she surely did assume
shape and did exist in the Greek mind as the necessary
antithesis to A//n/, and as a divine, if evil, being.
The work commonly mentioned as the first allegory in
sculpture was a group by Euphranor, of presumably the
middle of the fourth century, which represented Hellas
crowned by 'A^er^. Only one, however, of the figures —
that of Hellas — can be truly called allegorical. 'Ajoer/y,
as much as Nike or the Muses, was divine, and supposed
to be the daughter of Zeus.11
Lysippus became the real creator of allegory in sculp-
ture when he produced his celebrated Kat/w?, presumably
not many years after the production of the Hellas of
Euphranor.12
Painting, with its greater freedom of choice, had pre-
ceded sculpture in the treatment of allegorical subjects.
Thus we read that Panaenus, the contemporary and friend
of Phidias, painted a figure of Hellas and of Salamis.
About half a century later Parrhasius produced his famous
Demos. The art of die-engraving partaking, in regard, to
treatment and choice of subjects, of the character of sculp-
ture and painting, it is interesting and instructive to
11 Roscher's Lexicon der griech. u. rom. Mythologie.
12 Overbeck's Gesch. far griech. Plastik. II. Ed., vol. ii.; 92.
178 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
observe that the earliest instance of an allegorical coin
type — the Eleutheria of the Cyzicene stater — occurs at an
approximately equal distance of time from the creations
of Panaenus and of Lysippus. We may conclude, then,
that the subject was suggested to the engraver by a pic-
ture, not a work of sculpture.
As regards our coin-type of Rhegium, however, I
venture to assert that it could not be intended as an im-
personation of the Demos seventy or eighty years before
the first recorded instance of the treatment of this subject,
even in painting.
Perhaps I should refer here to another supposed Demos
on contemporary coins of Tarentum, because it is brought
forward on behalf of the theory in regard to the Khegian
type. I contend, even outside my main argument, that
this figure is, in the true allegorical sense, no more a
Demos than the figure on the Rhegian coins. This much
may indeed be conceded, that, since the name of the city
is, in every single letter, identical with that of its
mythic founder TAPAZ, the artists who engraved the
dies would readily and naturally attribute to the oekist's
figure objects which had become sources of the city's
wealth (most commonly the distaff). But what justifica-
tion is there to go beyond this point, when we find the
figure expressly designated as TARA^ ?
Political changes often induced new coin-types. But
these types very rarely refer directly, or even distantly,
to the nature of the events by which they were produced
— at least, not till later times than those with which we
are concerned.
To account for the numismatic fact seems to me fairly
obvious, at least from one point of view. For if — and
there seems sufficient warrant for the supposition — the
TYPE KNOWN AS "THE DEMOS," ON COINS OF RHEGIUM. 179
working of the mints in the earlier stages of Greek civili-
sation was directed by the priesthood, they were ipso facto
raised above the rivalry of political factions, and as every
man whose mother tongue was Greek was expected, on
occasion, to honour any of the national deities, so would
their ministers be reluctant to dishonour any of the
worshippers. Only victories over Barbarians could, there-
fore, be alluded to on the public coinage, e.g., in the case
of the " Damareteion," over the Carthaginians ; or over
the Etruscans, by means of the pistrix on transitional
tetradrachms of Syracuse.
I have said before that the favourite interpretation of
the seated figure as the Demos of Ehegium had been
seriously objected to, so far as I know, once only. The
objection was raised by Head, who says13: "The seated
figure is usually thought to personify the Demos of
Rhegium. For my own part I am inclined to look upon
him as a divinity of the nature of Agreus or Aristaeus,
the patron of rural life and pursuits. The shepherd's dog,
the duck, and the crow, frequently seen under or beside
his seat, would thus stand in some sort • of intimate rela-
tion to the main type ; whereas, if the figure is Demos,
they must be regarded merely as adjunct symbols uncon-
nected with the principal figure."
There is no doubt that the adjunct symbols of these
coins are disposed in such a manner as to connect them
directly with the main type, so that the one should not
be judged apart from the other. To do so would, in
the case of such early coins, be at least as unwarranted
as, for instance, in that of the coins of Pandosia and
Epidaurus, where we cannot separate the dog, or the
13 Hist. Num., p. 94.
180 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
dog and serpent, from the figures of Pan and of Askle-
pios. With a view to ascertain whether the principle
laid down by Head can be followed out, and applied to all
known varieties of the series with consistency, I procured
casts of coins from the great public collections. In ex-
amining these, I perceived that the nature of the adjuncts
was not the only point to be considered.
Before proceeding in this direction, I will inquire if the
supposition that the figure may represent " a divinity of
the nature of Agreus or Aristaeus " is favoured by the
character of the coin type which immediately precedes it.
This is the Messenian type of the mule-car and the hare.
The former, the mule-car, does not concern us, as it
belongs to the usual agonistic class. But the hare, as
the type and emblem of Messenian Pan — Messana being
then united with Rhegium under one ruler — has a local
significance. When Rhegium, in throwing off the yoke
of personal rule, separated the connection, we may sup-
pose her eager to rid the coinage of the Messenian badge.
The earlier type of the lion's mask took the place of the
chariot, and in this the citizens offended no deity. But
while dispossessing Pan of a place of honour, they would
wish to solicit the protection and favour of a kindred god,
who, if of lesser antiquity (at least, as far as his worship
in Sicily and Magna Graecia was concerned), would yet
be as potent and beneficent a guardian of their fields and
flocks. And as this new protector came in to take his
place, he, perhaps on account of his kindred office, took
unto him something of the nature and character of Pan
himself. But of this presently.
Returning now to the various coins, or casts of coins,
which I have procured, I shall proceed to consider our
type under three aspects. First, I shall remark on
TYPE KNOWN AS "THE DEMOS," ON COINS OF RHEGIUM. 181
certain attitudes of the figure. Secondly, I shall notice
objects directly accessory to it. Lastly, I shall examine
if a direct meaning may be established, throughout, be-
tween the adjunct symbols and the — supposed — figure of
Aristaeus.
In reading over the scattered notices concerning
Aristaeus which have come down to us, one is struck
with nothing so much as the variety of his functions
and the diversity of his nature. The son of Apollo, he
is endowed with the gift of prophecy and exercises the
art of healing. Pindar puts him beside Zeus and Apollo,
and with the character of both. Cheiron, the Muses,
and the Nymphs were his teachers, these last instruct-
ing him in the culture of bees and olive-groves. At
Cyrene he creates the silphium. In Ceos he teaches
the inhabitants to escape the baneful influence of the
Dog Star. He joins in Thrace in the orgies of Dionysos,
and is instructed by him in viticulture and other arts.
So much, indeed, is he identified with Dionysos, that the
people of Syracuse place his statue in the temple of that
god. But he is, above all, the beneficent patron of agri-
culture, the protector of herds and flocks, the friend and
guardian of the intrepid hunter.
It is under this last aspect that I would draw attention
to an interesting variety of attitude as presented by a
very rare coin — No. 8 of our plate — which, in common
with the collections of Paris and Berlin, I am fortunate
enough to possess. This type has been reproduced in
Garrucci's work,14 and is described by him thus : " Tuomo
assiso appoggia la fronte alia mano destra in atto di medi-
tare." I have already ventured to suggest that Aris-
M PL CXIV., No. 14.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. B B
182 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
taeus, as he shared in the nature and offices of some other
gods, may also, in the minds of the people, have partaken
in some measure of the character of Pan, in whose func-
tions as a god of the fields and woods he shared. In the
exercise of these functions one must, naturally, conceive
of both as conditioned and affected by identical external
influences, and, the same conditions given, Aristaeus may
be supposed to have often done what Pan did. From
this point of view it is, then, perhaps hardly necessary to
assume that the two became in some measure fused.
Pan, in the burning heat of noontide, used to slumber in
the shady recesses of woodland glades, and Nature hushed
all her voices, not to anger the god by rousing him too
soon. But would the popular imagination exempt the
other agrestic deity from the necessary effect of the noon-
day heat ? Surely, effect was here inseparable from cause.
Accordingly I venture to interpret the attitude of our
figure as that of an Aristaeus Nomios or Agreus, slum-
bering lightly, like kindred Pan, while the day was
hottest.
We now turn our attention to coin No. 9 (Paris col-
lection). Here we see the figure turning round with a
sudden movement, gesture and countenance expressing
displeasure. The god has been disturbed by some in-
cautious intruder, on whom his anger is about to vent
itself.
The attitudes of other figures call for no special re-
marks.
I proceed to consider the objects accessory to, and
directly connected with, the figure.
The most conspicuous of these is the staff. Four varie-
ties of it may be distinguished. It is either perfectly
plain and straight, or sometimes ending in a crook. In
TYPE KNOWN AS "THE DEMOS," ON COINS OF RHEGIUM. 183
other cases it resembles a staff cut from a bough or branch,
of irregular shape, and in one instance it seems to be a
budding staff.
The first, from its plainness, needs no comment. The
second (Nos. 1, 2, and 3) is the pedum, the shepherd's
crook, carried by Aristaeus in his character as No/xto?.
I look on the third, of irregular shape (Nos. 5, 9, and 14),
as a branch cut from the olive-tree, the culture of which
was the peculiar glory of Aristaeus in Sicily. Khegium,
we know, was always bound to Sicily by stronger interests
than to Italy. This badge of honour seems to develop on
coin No. 16 into a young tree with budding shoots.
These shoots, though plain enough on the cast of the coin,
are so attenuated that they may not, I fear, be easily
discernible in the phototype.
I would here interpose a remark on the wreath which
encloses the type, and which has always been described as
of laurel. It should not, however, be overlooked that the
leaves often show a tendency to bend and curve, which
can hardly be looked for in connection with the stiff and
leathery foliage of the laurel (see Nos. 13, 15, and 17).
Now this irregularity mainly distinguishes the olive-
wreath from that of the laurel ; otherwise there is hardly
a difference in shape. Should it not, then, be rather
considered an olive-wreath ?
No coin seems to be known on which the figure is un-
provided with the staff, the attribute of Aristaeus as a
6eof i/djiuo9. On a few specimens he holds a cup in his
right hand, the staff being then carried in his left. On
coin No. 4 this is shaped like the ordinary kantharos
which is so often met with as an attribute of Dionysos.
On the other coin, No. 5, he holds the shallow bowl or
patera which chiefly served the purpose of libation,
184 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
though this did not exclude its use as a drinking-cup.
In connection with the former, the kantharos, we may
probably refer this, also, to Aristaeus in his quality as the
favourite of Dionysos, taught of the god, and even shar-
ing— as at Syracuse — in the honours of his temple. Had
the patera been intended to suggest here, as in so many
cases, a sacrifice to the deity in whose hand it appears,
the sacrificial altar would more probably have been added.
These types are extremely rare. No. 5 (Berlin) seems all
but unique, the second known example at Naples being
in indifferent preservation. Of No. 4 only the specimen
of the cabinet at Naples and that of my own collection are
in tolerable condition. The third — in the collection of
the British Museum — is unfortunately in poor state. The
type receives an additional interest from the adjunct
which accompanies the lion's mask on the reverse (see
PL VIII.), for to the right of it there appears the bare of
Messana in diminutive size running upwards. The type
may thus indicate a — probably brief — renewal of former
political ties. Carelli has thrown doubts on this type.
I would take the occasion to state that the specimens in
the British Museum and in my own collection are of un-
questionable authenticity. Nor is there any reason to
doubt the coin in the Naples cabinet, of which I have a
cast. Carelli has partly distorted the legend.
In approaching the question whether the adjunct
symbols can be shown to have a direct bearing OD, and
are to be rationally connected with, the nature and func-
tions of Aristaeus, I would, in the first place, recall to the
reader Head's opinion, viz., that such birds and beasts as
appear below or beside his seat indicate that the figure
represents an agrestic deity. This is, at least under one
main aspect, the core of the matter, though not of the
TYPE KNOWN AS "THE DEMOS," ON COINS OF RHEGIUM. 185
whole, since these adjuncts are not confined to beasts and
birds. My task must, then, be to establish, singly, a
connection between these adjuncts and the various aspects
of the nature of Aristaeus.
I will begin with a drachm (7A, my collection), an
interesting and, so far as I know, unique piece. On it
there is seen beneath the seat a star of seven rays. I
would venture to recognise in it the Dog-Star, Sirius,
which from its intimate connection with the story of the
god appears on coins of Carthaea and Cythnus, either as
a star or a dog encircled by rays. This is, I may remark
in passing, the only drachm of the series on which I
have been able to discover an adjunct. It has another
interesting peculiarity, as the head of the figure is —
evidently as a protection from the burning heat of the
dog-days — covered with the shepherd's cap of the ancient
and conventional Phrygian type, like that of Paris, the
ideal shepherd.
I might conveniently remark here that the hair on the
top of the figure's head often presents a rough and dis-
hevelled appearance, such as would agree perfectly with
the character of a rustic deity. Coins like Nos. 9 and 13
show this very clearly.
The dog on coins No. 11 (British Museum) and No. 12
(Berlin) may be either the companion of Aristaeus the
shepherd, or Aristaeus the hunter, or of both. Possibly
it may be intended for Sirius. The posture of the resting
dog, No. 12, turning round to look up at the figure,
speaks in favour of the first view.
Coin No. 14 (Berlin) is a beautiful, and I believe
unique, variety. It brings before us the Dionysiac side
in the nature of the god, for below the seat there appears
a panther cub at play with a bounding ball.
186 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Proceeding from beasts to birds, we notice on coin
No. 5 (Berlin) a crane — " the witness from the regions of
the air of all that happens on earth, and so the symbol of
the all-seeing eye of the god of light," 15 who had be-
stowed on Aristaeus, his son, a full measure of his gifts.
A reference to one of these, viz., prophecy, may be dis-
covered in the adjunct of coin No. 4 — the raven, as the
bird of vaticination, sacred to Apollo.
The water bird of coin No. 13 (Paris) is, perhaps, more
commonly met with than other symbols. In this in-
stance I might be content with a general reference, as it is
doubtless, by virtue of its quaint and characteristic shape,
a particularly fitting adjunct to the figure of a god who
took the creatures of the wilds under his special pro-
tection.
But a direct reference to the functions of Aristaeus
may be established on the supposition that the bird
belongs to the numerous tribes of seafowl which to the
inhabitants of a maritime city like Rhegium would be
much more familiar than the water-hen of lakes and
rivers. These birds, when approaching the shore in
numbers, herald stormy weather — such gales and refresh-
ing showers as Aristaeus was believed to send from the
seas to the thirsting land.
After beasts and birds we meet with the serpent, on
coin No. 16 (Paris), as a fitting attribute to Aristaeus
the healer, and son of Apollo.
Only two more adjunct symbols remain to be men-
tioned : one is a fruit ; the other apparently a bud or
flower. The former, a vine-branch with grapes, occurs
on No. 17 of our series (Paris), and it is needless to
15 Lenormant, La Grande Grece, II., 99, as quoted by Head.
TYPE KNOWN AS "THE DEMOS/' ON COINS OF RHEGIUM. 187
point it out as belonging to the Dionysiac class of attri-
butes. It is the only symbol not placed under, or close
behind, the figure.
The interpretation of the other adjunct (No. 7, my
collection) presents some difficulty. A specimen of this
variety was disposed of at the Bunbury Sale, where the
catalogue described the symbol, erroneously, as an am-
phora. Yet another example occurred in the Carfrae
Collection, and here the object was referred to as a
balaustion. Close examination shows that it has a rough
and uneven surface. It seems to me that the smooth
petals of pomegranate blossoms would hardly be rendered
accurately by being broken up into rough surfaces, and I
would prefer to recognise in the object either a fir-cone
— the fir-tree being sacred to sylvan deities — or a half-
open blossom of the silphium, which, as mentioned
above, was the gift of Aristaeus to Cyrene. The smaller
buds especially of this plant on some Cyrenaic coins
appear to me not unlike the object with its broken
surface.
This terminates the series of coins with adjuncts. For
photographic reproduction I have chosen the best speci-
mens I could obtain. Most varieties are, of course,
represented in more collections than those mentioned in
connection with these examples.
The varieties of the bearded and the beardless figure
still call for a remark. That Aristaeus is found beard-
less as well as bearded on coins of other cities is well
known. The beardless type on these Rhegine coins
was, however, generally supposed to occur only on the
latest pieces of the series. The comparatively early
beardless figure of No. 10 (Berlin), with the legend
R EC IN OS, shows that this is not an invariable rule.
188 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
In quality of style and finish, of work specimens differ
widely. I have, as far as possible, arranged the coins
in chronological order, taking account of lettering and
relative development of style. But when the two ap-
peared to disagree, I have not hesitated to go by the
character of the legend only. Thus, the artistically
finest piece (No. 15} does not stand last, although the
series is supposed to end about 415 B.C. The legend
reads in this case RECINO£ (retrograde) ; while Nos. 16
and 17 have PHTINQ^ (retrograde).
My remarks on the various symbols might have been
expanded into greater length. But as I, in connecting
them with the main type, simply adopted a theory sug-
gested by an eminent authority, my task from this point
of view was to show briefly that this theory may be
consistently worked out.
In doing this I have, naturally, arrived at a more
definite conclusion. Head — to quote his words once more
— is " inclined to look upon the figure as a divinity of the
nature of Agreus or Aristaeus, the patron of rural life and
pursuits." These words seem to admit of three interpre-
tations, viz. : that the figure may be a divinity only
similar to Agreus or Aristaeus, but neither of these. Or
it may be Agreus. Or — should the reader prefer — Aris-
taeus. Whichever of these suppositions predominated
with the author, it was originated through, and governed
by, the sound doctrine of the relation of the symbols to
the main type, and by it the theory must stand or fall. I
have preferred the supposition that the figure may be
meant for Aristaeus, and hope to have shown that the
type falls in readily in its every detail with the story and
the nature of that divinity.
In order to complete the circle of test and evidence, I
TYPE KNOWN AS " THE DEMOS/' ON COINS OF RHEGIUM. 189
will inquire if the same result may be obtained on the
other suppositions.
Agreus is, as far as I am aware, a nomen epitheton to
either Pan or Aristaeus, and since the former certainly
does not enter into the scope of this inquiry, only the one
remaining supposition — viz. : that the figure be not meant
for Aristaeus, but for some other pastoral divinity not
known — has to be tested by placing the symbols into
" some sort of intimate relation to the main type." But
how would symbols like the panther cub or the serpent
fall in with attribution to a deity of a purely pastoral
character ? Instead of the strength and unity of argu-
ment being maintained and improved, the very foundation
would be shaken and destroyed.
It follows, then, that my contention on behalf of Aris-
taeus must either be wholly accepted, or wholly rejected.
If the latter course is taken, it carries with it the con-
demnation of Head's principle, and the type, then, may
still go by its picturesque name of "the Demos of
Rhegium."
E. J. SELTMAN.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. C C
XII.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INCITES ET INCERTAINES.
(Suite*)
(Voir PL IX.)
XXXVI. — SARDES. AVANT 133.
1. Tete imberbe d'JIercule coiffee de la depouille dn lion, a
droite; grenetis au pourtour.
Rev. — AAEEANAPOY, Zeus aetophore assis, a gauche,
sur un trone a dossier et s'appuyant de la main
gauche sur son sceptre ; dans le champ, a g.,
tete de deesse voilee et surmontee de deux tours, a
g. ; sous le trone |$.
M 9. 16,54. Brit. Mus., provenant d'Hamadan en Perse.
Bunbury, Num. Chron. 1883, p. 5, PI.
I, 4 (Smyrne ?)
Ces deux pieces sont du meme coin, au droit
comme au revers.
16,98. Ma coll. Variete de coin.
2. M 4. 4,20. Brit. Mus. ; Mueller, Num. d'Alexandre, p. 319,
n. 1518. (Egypte.)
3. Meme droit que n. 1, mais d'un autre coin.
Rev.— ZAPAIANHN, Zeus barbu et laure", debout a
gauche, vetu d'une longue robe et d'un ample
manteau et tenant sur la main droite une colombe,
a g., et de la gauche le sceptre. Dans le champ,
a g., monogramme.
M 9. 15,32. Coll. de Luynes, Imhoof, Monn. Grecq. p.
\ n. 27, PI. G, 23.
J Voir Num. Chron. 3rd S., Vol. XV, p. 169.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 191
4. Tete de deesse, lauree, voilee ct tourelee, & droite ; grenetis.
Rev.— ZAPAIANUN, meme type ; dans le champ, a g.,
monogrammes ; grenetis.
2E 5. 10,60; 8,65. Imhoof, Zur Mumzk. Kleinasiens,
Revue Suisse de Numism., VI,
1896, p. 93, 1, PL V, 18.
— Mus. Hunter, p. 260, n. 3, T. 47, 14.
Mionnet, IV. p. 115, 116, n. 634-637.
Les tetes d'Hercule des tetradrachmes, n. 1 et 3, sont
d'un style tres particulier et doivent etre 1'ceuvre d'un
meme artiste ; les exemplaires, quoique de coins diffe-
rents, sont du reste tellement pareils, qu'ils ne peuvent
provenir que d'un meme atelier ; d'apres la legende du
n. 3 c'est celui de Sardes.
Cette attribution est confirmee par la tete voilee et
tourelee qui se voit dans le champ des n. 1 et 2 et qui
parait comme type au droit des bronzes de Sardes, n. 4,
ou le revers est identique a celui des tetradrachmes.
C'est ce qui a echappe a M. Bunbury, quand il s'est
demand^ si son te'tradrachme d'Alexandre n'aurait pas
etc frappe a Smyrne.
L. Mueller, d'autre part, n'aurait pas classe la drachma
a TEgypte, sjil n'avait pas pris les deux tours pour des
plumes.
La date de ces emissions se laisse preciser avec une
assez grande probabilite, quand on se souvient que Sardes
faisait partie, depuis 189, du royaume de Pergame.
D'apres le style, le profil de la tete et le traitement des
cheveux et de la criniere du lion, la t£te d'Hercule
ressemble le plus a la t£te de Philetere, telle qu'elle
se voit sur les derniers tetradrachmes,2 frappes a ce qu'il
2 Cat. Brit. Mus., Mysia, PL XXV, 1 (torche dans le champ) ;
Imhoof-Blumer, Die Muenzen der Dynastie von Pergamon, 1884
(Abhandl. K. Akad. d. Wissensch. Berlin) Taf. II. 23, 24 (torche) ;
ma coll. (stylis).
192 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
parait a la fin du regne d'Attale II, 158 — 138, mais elle
semble encore un peu plus recente.
Elle est, en tout cas, posterieure a celle des tetradrachmes
d'Alexandre, emis a Pergame sous le meme regne,
autant qu'ils me sont connus.3 Je voudrais done dater
les rares emissions de Sardes, du regne d'Attale III,
138 — 133, le dernier roi de Pergame, auquel M. Imhoof
n'a pas attribue de tetradrachmes a la tete de Philetere.
C'est ce qui expliquerait comment Sardes, qui j usque
la n'avait emis que des cistophores,4 en serait venu ai
battre des tetradrachmes, d'abord aux types d'Alexandre
mais marques du symbole de la ville, puis a son propre
type, pour subvenir au manque de monnaies royales de ce
poids.
Quand le royaume de Pergame fut devenu province
romaine, 133, Sardes frappa encore parfois des cistophores,5
mais bientot le nom de la ville ne se lit plus que sur le
bronze, a 1' exception d'un rare cistophore emis sous
Pempereur Hadrien.6
Parmi les tetradrachmes, aux types d'Alexandre, des
villes d'Asie mineure, je n'en trouve qu'un, de Priene
(Mueller, Akxandre, n. 1031 varie), dont la tete d'Hercule
ressemble assez a celle des tetradrachmes de Sardes pour
qu'on pourrait le croire grave par le meme artiste.
II y en a, parcontre, beaucoup dont la tete d'Hercule
3 Ma coll. (stylis) ; Mueller, Alex. n. 12,57 ; Imhoof, 1. c. p. 17.
4 Finder, Ueber die Cistophoren, 1856, p. 563, 564, n. 128—
134, T. I, 10; Bunbury, Num. Chron. 1883, p. 188, PI. X, 5 ;
Cat. Bunbury, II. n. 291, 292, 295; Wroth, Num. Chron. 1895,
p. 100, PL V. 14.
5 Cat. Bunbury, II. n. 292—294, an. 6 et 22 = 128 et 110
av. J.-C.
6 Pinder, p. 595, n. 76, 77, p. 629, T. VIII, 3, 4.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 193
est tout a fait semblable a celle des tetradrachmes
d'Alexandre emis a Pergame sous le regne d'Eumene II,
197 — 159, aux symboles de la palme, 1'abeille, la feuille
de lierre.7
Ce sont, autant que je les connais, ceux de Myrina,
Mueller, n. 936 ; Cyme, n. 944, 946, Num. Chron. 1883,
PI. II, 1, AIONYZIOZ, n. 949, AlOfENHS ; Temnos,
n. 956, 957, 963 varie ; Mytilene, n. 975 varie, 976;
Erythres, n. 1002 ; 1004 ; Priene, n. 1030 varie ; Milet,
n. 1039, 1055, 1056 ; Chios, n. 1085.
Tous ces tetradrachmes datent done d'entre 189 et 158
environ.
Sur presque tous les noms de magistrats sont ecrits en
monogramme.
Ce n'est qu'a Cyme qu'apparaissent, tout a la fin, des
noms ecrits en toutes lettres, AIONYZIOZ, AlOrENHZ.
Ce dernier nom se retrouve sur les tetradrachmes que
Cyme fit battre a ses propres types et doit, par consequent,
etre place en tete de cette nouvelle serie.
Aussi voudrais-je la ranger dans un ordre inverse a
celui que M. "Wroth a adopte dans le catalogue du
British Museum,
La coiffure de TAmazone Cyme, tres simple d'abord,
PI. XXI, 9, devient de plus en plus manieree, surtout
sur le n. 5.
II en est de meme des tetradrachmes de Myrina,
PL XXVII.
Le n. 6 est le plus beau de style ; les lettres sont mieux
formees et anterieures a celles du n. 1 et surtout du n. 2,
ou le traitement des cheveux d'Apollon et le style du
revers accusent une date plus recente.
7 Imhoof, /. c. p. 16, 17.
194 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
XXXVIL— SIDE.
I.
PREMIERE MOITIE DU 4E SINGLE.
1. Athena archegetis debout, a gauche, la jambe gauche repliee
en arriere, munie de 1'egide et coiffee du casque
athenien a cimier, portant sur la main droite la
chouette, les ailes eployees, a g., et appuyant la
main gauche sur son bouclier, dont Vinterieur est
visible. Grenetis au pourtour.
Eev. — Apollon pythios, les cheveux courts, la chlamyde sur
les epaules, debout, a gauche, devant un autel
allume, tenant de la main droite un rameau de
laurier et de la gauche 1'arc ; derriere lui corbeau,
a g., autour T*\ w £ »W IL^ >> . Carre creux.
M 6/4. 10,72. Brit. Mus., Cat. Lycia, <£c., PI. XXVI, 4 ;
Gardner, Types, PL X, 6, 7 ; Weil,
Olymp. Miscellen (Festgabe an E.
Curtius), T. n. 4.
Grenade, 0-1877, dans le champ, devant Athena, sur toutes les
monnaies suivantes.
2. M 5. 10,50. Coll. de Luynes, Choix, PI. XI, 3 ; Satrapies,
p. 23, 7, PL III, 7.
M 5/4. 10,45. Coll. Imhoof.
3. Autre, autel sans feu. Derriere Apollon, IV^ ^^O^V.
M 5. 10,70. Coll. de Luynes, Satrap, p. 22, 1, PL III,
1 bis.
10,68. Cab. de Munich. [PL IX, No. 1.]
10,55. Cab. de France ; Mion. Ill, p. 472, n. 148,
Suppl. VII, PL IV, 1.
10,25. Ma coll.
10,19. Cab. de France; Mion. n. 141, S. PL in,
4 ; Satr. PL HI, 1.
4. Autre, Athena porte sur la main droite une Victoire qui la
couronne; autel sans feu; devant Apollon ^,
derriere 5 V-A-^ y '> champ creux.
6/5, 10,15. Ma coll. ; comp. Catal Behr., n. 864.
[PL IX, No. 2.]
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 195
Haste derriere Athena, dont la jambe gauche est bien moins
courbee, sur toutes les monnaies suivantes.
5. Autre, Athena pose le pied droit sur la tige de la grenade,
porte sur la main droite la chouette, aux ailes
closes, a g., et tient la main gauche a cote du
bouclier vu a Vexterieur ; autel sans feu ; derriere
Apollon |*J v^A^N: carre creux.
M 6/4£. 10,61 ; 10,44. Brit. Mus., Cat. Lycia, <&;., PL
XXVI, 5 ; deux exemplaires
du meme coin.
6. Autre, autel allume ; derriere Apollon, les cheveux longs,
M 6. 10,50. Brit. Mus., Cat. Lycia, <tc., PI. XXVI, 6.
Legende emportee.
10,45. Coll. Weber, surfrappee. [PI. IX, No. 3.]
M 5. — Cab. de France, Satrap, p. 22, 2, PI. Ill, 2 ;
legende incomplete.
7. Autre, autel sans feu; derriere Apollon !£$£$% devant
vl*9>*'
M 5£. 10,59. Cab. de France, Mion. n. 144, S., PI. IV,
2 ; Satr. p. 22, 4, PI. Ill, 4.
M 7/6. 10,49. Cab. de France, Pellerin, Eec. Ill, PI.
122, 5; Mion. n. 142, -S., PL III, 5;
Satr. p. 22, 3, PL III, 3; Gall.
MythoL, p. 112, PL XXIII, 5.
Tous deux surfrappes sur des stateres d'Aspendos.
8. Autre, Athena pose la main gauche sur son bouclier, orne
du gorgoneion, derriere elle des traits, qui ont ete
pris pour des caracteres cuneiformes. Autel, sans
feu. Derriere Apollon | *j . . ^Y/typ > champ
creux.
M 5i 10,80. Universite de Turin. Satr., p. 101, 2, PL
VII, 9.
M 6/4. 10,40. Cab. de Munich. Sans traits cuneiformes.
9. Autre, la chouette tournee a droite • bouclier sans orne-
ments ; casque a triple cimier ; autel sans feu.
Devant Apollon le legende du n. 6. Carre
creux.
^l 6/5. 10,50. Coll. Imhoof. Overbeck, Griech. Kunst-
mythol Apollon, p. 301. Mztaf. Ill,
52. [PL IX, No. 4.]
196 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
II.
MILIEU DU 4E SIECLE.
10. Athena parthenos, debout a gauche, sans egide, coiffee du
• casque athenien a triple cimier, portant de la
main droite la Victoire qui la couronne et tenant
de la gauche son bouclier orne du gorgoneion ;
derriere elle haste, devant grenade avec tige.
Grenetis au pourtour.
Rev. — Apollon, les cheveux longs, la chlamyde sur les
epaules, debout a gauche, tenant de la main
droite une patere au-dessus d'un autel sans feu et
s'appuyant de la gauche sur un laurier ; derriere
\mcorbeau & g., et )<m*v.nyAf.
M 6/5. 10,72. Brit. Mus., Cat. Lycia, dc., PL XXVI, 7;
Pembroke, II, T. 88, Catal n. 1014.
M 5. 10,70. Cab. de France ; Pellerin, Rec. Ill, PI. 122,
6 ; Mion. n. 145, S., PI. IV, 3 ; Satr.
p. 22, 5, PI. Ill, 5.
Bronze defourre. Cab. de Brunswick.
Tous trois contremarques d'un boeuf, a g., dessus I.Q.
11. Autre, patere sous la main d' Athena.
M 6/5. 10,52. Coll. Imhoof. [PI. IX, No. 5.]
12. Autre, derriere Athena •$ ; autel allume.
M. 5. 10,38. Blau, Zeitschr. d. D. Morgenl. Geselhch.
IX, 1855, T. n. 10.
M 6. 9,86. Brit. Mus., Cat. Lycia, dc,, PL XXVI, 11.
— Catal. Hamburger, Francf. Oct. 1890, n. 807,
PL II, n. 807.
III.
Sous ALEXANDRE LE GRAND.
13. Meme statue de 1' Athena parthenos de Phidias, mais posee
sur une base; derriere elle £+1. ; grenetis.
MONXAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 197
Rev. — Apollon devant un autel allume, mais vetu d'une
tunique et d'un manteau et sans carquois ;
derriere lui corbeau et \^
M. 6/5. 10,20. Mus. de Naples, Catal. n. 8524 ; Sa*r.
p. 101, 1, PI. VII, 5. [PI. IX, No. 6.]
14. Autre, ^+j ; Apollon porte le carquois au dos ; sans
corbeau.
M 5£. 10,54. Mus. de Vienne ; Overbeck, /. c. Mztaf.
Ill, 54. [PL IX, No. 7.]
^l 5. 10,49. Blau, I. c. n. 11.
15. Autre pareil; derriere Athena 9'*1«
M 5. 10,41. Ma coll. [PI. IX, No. 8.]
10,40. Mus. de Berlin, K. Muenzk. 1877, n. 825 ;
Zeitschr. f. Numism., X, 1883, T. I, 4 ;
XIV, 1886, p. 142 vign.
IV.
FIN DU 4B SIECLE.
16. Meme type.
Rev. — Apollon des n. 10 — 12, mais les cheveux courts ;
derriere lui corbeau et jy?S$v [jiyj^], sous la
main *^.
M 4^. 10,40. Coll. de Luynes, Satr. p. 23, 6, PL III, 6.
17. Autre, legende des n. 13 — 15 ; devant Apollon y+io.
M 5. 10,79. Anc. coll. Wigan.
10,77. Cat. Borrell, 1852, n. 811.
18. Autre, Apollon a cheveux longs ; sans corbeau ; memes
lettres dans le champ.
M 5. 10,62. Blau, n. 9.
19. Autre, +jO.
M 5. 10,71. Coll. Imhoof ; Overbeck, I c. Mztaf., Ill, 53.
20. Autre, ^y, deux varietes; corbeau.
JR 5. 10,71. Catal. Subhi pacha, n. 264.
10,65. Mus. de Berlin ; Cat. Borrell, 1852, n. 310 ;
Blau, n. 7 ; K. Mzk. 1877, n. 824.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. D D
198 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
10.65. Mus. de Berlin ; Blau, n. 8.
10,56. Brit. Mus. Cat. Lycia, <£c., PI. XXVI., 9.
10,54. Cat. Whittall, 1858, n. 563.
10,40. Ma coll. ; Cat. Ivano/, n. 466.
Les droits des n. 17 a 20 sont du meme coin, qui s'use de
plus en plus.
21. Autre, **i © derriere Athena ; sans corbeau.
M 6/5. 10,70. Blau, n. 4.
M 5. 10,50. Mus. de Berlin ; Blau, n. 5.
22. Autre, ^09 derriere Athena, +\O devant Apollon. Cor-
beau.
M 5. 10,71. Blau, n. 1.
28. ^09 ou 4] 09 derriere Athena. Sans corbeau.
M 5. 10,68. Blau, n. 2.
10.66. Cat. Montagu, I, n. 639, PL IX.; Brit.
Mus., Cat. Lycia, Sc., PI. XXVI., 10.
10,65. Blau, n. 3.
10,65. Coll. Imhoof.
10.65. Cat. Whittall, 1858, n. 562.
M6%. 10,60. Cat. Bompois, n. 1613.
10,56. Cat. Ivano/, n. 468.
10,53. Cat. Walcher de Molthein, n. 2634, PI. XXI.
— Coll. Weber. [PI. IX, No. 9.]
24. "M£ , et dessous traces de ^09, derriere Athena.
M 5. 10,66. Brit. Mus., Cat. Lycia, <6c., PI. XXVI., 8;
comp. Cat. Borrell, 1852, n. 312.
10.66. Leake, Suppl. p. 89.
10,62. Mus. de Naples.
10,59. Blau, n. 6.
10,56. Cat. Bimbury, II, n. 351, PI. Ill, 351.
Les droits des n. 22 a 24 sont du meme coin, sur lequel les
lettres seules ont ete changees.
Quelques varietes nouvelles, comme les n. 4, 5 et 11,
exceptees, tous ces stateres sont connus depuis longtemps*
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTA1NES. 199
surtout par les publications du Due de Luynes8 et du
Dr. 0. Blau,9 qui en ont fait le sujet d'etudes speciales.
Le Due de Luynes fit surtout ressortir la grande
ressemblance des lettres de ces legend es avec celles des
inscriptions palmyreennes et proposa de transcrire
TTD1EW12, Tsernesou Sidiz, la legende la plus frequente,
n. 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 — 15, 17 — 24, iV3**vAy;sr, en considerant
la 6e et la ?e lettre comme un seul D, et de lire
tyn^-DDDI^, Syennesis-Tsernes(ou} et . . . Dai2, Syennes(is),
les legendes des n. 7, lue a rebours, et 16, incomplete.
Blau a refute cette interpretation, qui assignait a plus
d'un caractere une valeur peu probable et qui pourtant ne
conduisait pas a un resultat satisfaisant. Car Dernes fut
Satrape de Phenicie et d' Arabic,10 Syennesis roi de
Cilicie ; ce ne sont done pas leurs noms qu'il faut chercher
sur des monnaies pamphyleennes.
Mais la transscription de Blau, 2D3 ou nD^D insn et
'•a11^ iron, modifiee plus tard en TDD^a ibnn, Tabachou
ou Tabalou Nisibiz et Ninia, est encore raoins admissible,
comme l'a demontre W. H. "Waddington.11
Ces stateres ne peuvent porter le nom d'un satrape ou
dynaste de Msibis ou de Ninive, parcequ'ils sont marques
d'une grenade, awy, type parlant de Side et que par
consequent ils ont certainement ete frappes dans cette
ville de Pamphylie.
La grenade suffisait si bien a designer le lieu d' emission,
8 Essai sur la numismatique des Satrapies et de la Phenicie,
1846.
9 Zeitschrift der deutschen Morgenlaendisclien Gesellschaft, VI,
1852, IX, 1855.
10 Xenophon, Anabase, VII, 8, 25.
11 Revue numiamatique, 186J, p. 13.
200 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
que le nom des Sidetes ne parait ni sur les monnaies
archaiques du 5e siecle, ni meme sur les tetradrachmes du
second siecle av. J.-C.12
11 n'y a done aucune raison de chercher le nom d'une
ville dans les legendes restees inexpliquees jusqu'ici.
Encore moins contiennent-elles le nom d'un dynaste.
La serie est trop longue et les pieces les plus anciennes
different trop de date avec les emissions les plus recentes
pour pouvoir etre attributes a un seul et meme regne.
Reste Fhypothese tres ingenieuse de Friedlaender qui,
en publiant un bronze de 1'epoque imperiale sur lequel
le meme type d'Apollon est accompagne de son nom
AnOAAniMOC CIAHTOY NEOKOPOY-au lieu
de la legende d'au tres bronzes au meme type CIAHTI1N
NEOKOPUN13 — s'est demande si nous n'aurions pas la
la transcription en lettres grecques, ou du moins 1'e-
quivalent de la legende pamphyleenne qui est toujours
ecrite a cote d'Apollon et jamais pres d' Athena.
Cette supposition serait confirmee par les monnaies de
Perga, ville voisine de Side, sur lesquelles le nom de la
•ville est remplace par celui de la divinite principale,
Artemis Pergaia, sur Targent et par son titre, Anassa
Pergaia, sur le bronze.14
Mais, pour savoir si elle est juste, il faudra d'abord
tacher de dechiffrer les legendes, composees, comme Ta
encore vu Friedlaender,15 de caracteres semitiques entre-
meles de lettres de forme grecque.
En ecartant provisoirement le I final, sur lequel je
12 Friedlaender, Zeitschr. f. Numism., X, 1883, p. 3.
13 Ibid. p. 3, 4, T. I, 2—4.
14 Zeitschr. /. Numism., IV. 1877, p. 300, T. VIII, 5 ; X,
1883, p. 3.
id Ibid. IV, 1877, p. 302, n. 1.
MONNATES GRECQUES, INED1TES ET INCERTAINES, 201
reviendrai tantot, les deux dernieres letters V) "*• donnent,
comme 1'a reconnu le Due de Luynes, les consonnes du
nom de Side, TO, S(i)5fo).18
Mais tous mes efforts pour retrouver dans les six
premieres lettres ^ * v/vs H une forme du nom d'Apollon
telle qu' "ATrAowo?, par exemple, ont echoue devant le
fait que la seconde lettre est identique a 1'avant-derniere,
et que celle-ci doit etre un d.
C'est ce qui m'a conduit a supposer que la legende est
tout-a-fait parallele a celle des bronzes de Perga et que
le sens en doit etre ; ('LVCLKTOS SfOryrou, comme a Perga
elle est avaaaas Tlepyalas.
Seulement, comme les caracteres ne repondent pas a
ai/a/TTo?, il faudra chercher un autre mot, de meme
valeur, dont la seconde lettre est un d, peut-etre semitique,
comme ]iw, seigneur, en phenicien, ce qui n'aurait pas
lieu de surprendre dans une ville, ou Talphabet est
arameen, complete, a ce qu'il semble, de voyelles grecques.
Or, si on se souvient que le fragment de la theogonie
cilicienne, conserve par Etienne de Byzance,17 nomme
Adanos (ps)18 en tete des fils d'Ouranos et de Ge, on
ne s'etonnera pas de trouver a Side le meme titre,
seigneur 9 quoique sous une forme un peu differente et plus
conforme a Thebreu I'ilS, donne a Apollon, le dieu
16 Voir les lettres arameennes des papyrus egyptiens au temps
des Perses, dans Levy, Zeitsclir. d. D. Morgenl. Gesellsch. XXI,
1867, T. Ill ; Euting, Tabula Scripturae aramaicae. Argentorati,
1890; Berger, Hist, de Vecriture d. Vantiq., 1891, p. 300,
Tableau.
17 v. "A8ai/a, tern 8e 6 "ASavos F^s KCU Ovpavov Trats, K.r.X.
18 A Adanos par opposition a Adonis on peut comparer
Idnibal, comme le nom propre ^^IN est rendu en latin
dans 1'inscription bilingue de Sulci en Sardaigne, Corp. Inscr.
Seitiit. I, n. 149.
202 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
principal de la ville, d'autant moins que le culte d'Adonis
sous le nom semitique 'AjSw/Sas-, est atteste pour Perga.19
La premiere lettre N est identique, sur les n. 5 — 7,
10—24, a 1'aleph du nom d'Alexandre, SMHVUM, sur la
droite d'un didrachme d'Hierapolis de Syrie ;20 c'est done
un a. La forme est un peu variee sur les n. 1 — 4, 8, 9.
La seconde lettre y est un d arameen, comme il a ete dit
plus haut.
La troisieme et la quatrieme lettre, liees ensemble sur
le n. 3, ^n_, sont les voyelles grecques, Q et Y> <lui
manquaient a 1'alphabet arameen. La cinquieme lettre
et la septieme sur les n. 1, 2, 4, 7, est un ny grec retro-
grade sur les n. 1, 2, un nun arameen, S , sur les monnaies
suivantes.
De meme, la sixieme lettre est un jota grec de forme
encore archai'que, $, sur les n. 1, 2, un jod, arameen, *V,
sur les numeros suivants.
La derniere lettre I n'est pas T, comme en Cilicie,
mais n, valeur avec laquelle elle se voit a la fin des mots
sur les monnaies de Persepolis du 2e siecle.21
Nous obtenons ainsi pour les legendes des n. 1, 2
2(t8^Toi;), n. 4, "Afiwvviv, n. 7, "Afiwvvw 2(f)8
n. 3, 5, 6, 8—24, "AZwvvi S(08(4)T(ou). Ces genitifs en
iv et i sont connus par les inscriptions d'Isinda de Pisidie,22
19 Hesyche, Etymol. magn. : 'A/?w^as, 6 "ASwng VTTO
Lewy, Semitische Fremdwoerter im Griech.^ p. 224.
Boissier, Proc. Soc. Bibl Arch. XVIII, 1896, p. 238.
20 Numism. Chron., 1878, p. 129, PI. VI, 1. Au revers le
nom d Alexandra est ecrit avec un aleph de forme plus ancienne.
21 Levy, Zeitschr. d. D. Morgenl. GeseHsch. XXI, 1867, T. I,
n. 2, 3, 8, 9a, 10, dans riTQ et rrnsm, comme le demontrera
bientot M. Marquardt.
- Journ. Hell. Stud., XV, 1895, p. 125.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET 1NCERTA1NES. 203
Offaei, et de Dalisandos d'Isaurie,23 Ilu-ras*
Tvpavvi, n. 28, Tvpavls TpoKovli, n. 30, ^EppoKpaTrj?
TpoKov'bei, n. 33, M. Avp. Ovafiafiais Tpoicovfiiv, n. 31, et
par le AZAPI des bronzes cappadociens d'Ariaramnes.24
Je suppose meme que ce genitif en in se cache sous
la desinence £> n* des formes lyciennes telles que
AOS^TP^-V^J inscr. de Myra 6; AOSN^£TPH-3E et
V =ET P1 BO P^-H , (Avaavfyov ? et Kutiafivpav ?), mscr. ^e
Zfwyr«, 6; TPXMESJ, Stile de Xanthos, Est, I 29;
inscr. de Pinara, 2; de Tlos, inedite; EI^NES^c, Stele,
Est, I. 27 ; etc.26
L'orthographe wv parait abnormale a premiere vue,
mais cette addition d'un v apres w, en apparence superflue,
rentre tout a fait dans les habitudes de ces parages. Les
quelques inscriptions d'Aspendos,26 ville voisine de Side,
fournissent plus d'un exemple analogue.
Nous y rencontrons au nominatif, Aefi&ttjKH*, n. 68,
pour AioScDpos ; au lieu de Mai/t/9, Macros nous lisons
Mai/et9, 82, 86, Mai/etru?, 71, et Mavirow, 83, et de
meme, (M)e\arou9, 87, MaXmwr, 65a, ZwfetVoys-, 84,
lie . prow, 87, FeA-eiTou?, 89.
Enfin la combinaison wv est donnee par Aa/x(a)Tpwi>
a cote de (<$>)opbiaiov dans la meme inscription, 87, et de
Aa/uiaTpiov, 86.
23 Id. Suppl Papers, I, 1892, p. 29—31 ; Kretschmer, Einleit.
Gesch. Griech. Sprache, 1896, 237, 363.
24 Marquart, Philologus, LIV, 1895, p. 522 ; comp. Babelon,
Hois de Syrie, p. cxcviii. — cc.
25 Schmidt, The Lycian inscriptions, 1868 ; Imbert, Mem.
Soc. Ling, de Paris, T. IX, p. 2, 3.
26 Lanckoronski, Staedte Pamphyliens und Pisidiens, I, 1890,
p. 180 — 182; Kretschmer, Zeitschr. f. vergleich. Sprachf. von
Kuhn u. Schmidt, XXXIII, 1893, p. 258—268, p. 264 ; Der im
Pamphylischen bewahrte alte w.-laut wird theils v, teils ov ges-
chrieben, letzteres in (AjiFoi/ovo-tov, 82, (K)v8pa/>iovav, 69, cf.
, 985. MovpjaaKw, 84, gehoert zu pvpfjiai;, u. s. w.
204 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
II parait qu'a 1'origine un v seul suffisait pour rendre
o et ov et que plus tard on remplaca v par ov — comp.
Atoi/oiw, 81, (A)tFovovaLov, 82, — jusqu'a ce qu'on en vint
a ecrire wv, ou un w seul aurait suffi, du moins en grec.
Cependant, malgre tous ces arguments allegues en
faveur de 1'interpretation proposee, je ne me dissimule pas
qu'elle est loin d'etre certaine.
Mais elle m'a paru probable et c'est ce qui m'engage
a la publier, ne fut-ce que pour rappeler a 1'attention des
numismatistes ces legendes curieuses, restees inexpliquees
jusqu'ici, et dans 1'espoir que, si je n'aurais pas reussi,
d'autres trouveront mieux.
Tandis que la legende reste environ la meme, les types
changent a mesure que le carre creux disparait.
A 1' Athena qui porte la chouette et que cet oiseau
caracte'rise comme I'Athe'na archegetis,27 qui nous est
connue par les reliefs Atheniens,28 sans que nous sachions
encore a quel statuaire Athenien du 5e siecle il faille
attribuer la statue qui a servi de modele, succede la
Parthenos de Phidias.
Apollon Pythien, aussi, toujours debout devant un
autel, a change le rameau de laurier et 1'arc,29 contre une
patere et une longue tige ou un arbre. C'est une autre
statue du dieu de Delphes qui a inspire le graveur.30
Sur les n. 13 — 15 il est vetu d'une tunique et d'un
27 Schol. Aristoph. Aves, 515, Ti/s Se apxr/yeVi^os 'A&^ds TO
v/ca f\fv ev r XeiP**
28 Schoene, Griechische Reliefs, p. 46, T. XX, 87, 89.
29 Weil, Ohjmpische Miscellen '; (Festgabean E. Curtius),1884,
p. 4, 5, qui compare TApollon des stateres frappes par Themis-
tocle a Magnesie, Luynes, Choix, T. IX, 7 ; Revue numism.,
1856, T. HI, 2.
30 Pauly-Wissowa, Real-encycl II, p. 91, v. Apollon.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 205
manteau, costume tellement insolite, a cette epoque, pour
1'Apollon grec, que je me suis demande autrefois,31 si —
surtout sur le n. 13, ou il ne porte pas de carquois — ce
ne serait pas Alexandre le Grand, represente comme
Seigneur de Side, lors de son passage en 333, et de la
garnison qu'il laissa dans la ville.32 Les stateres con-
viennent a cette epoque, comme le prouve, outre le style,
la forme des lettres et surtout celle de 1'aleph, ainsi qu'il
a ete remarque plus haut.
De meme, sur les bronzes de Tepoque imperiale, publics
par Friedlaender,33 le personnage similaire n'est pas
Apollonlui-meme,mais,malgre' lalegende AflOAAIlNOC
CIAHTOY, le cesar ou Tempereur regnant, identifie
avec Apollon, mais reconnaissable a son costume militaire.
Les lettres, dans le champ des stateres n. 12 — 24,
appartiennent au meme alphabet arameen que celles des
legendes et semblent etre les initiales de noms de inagis-
trats eponymes ou d'officiers monetaires.
Cesont V (1,8), ^ (n,e), * (n,i/), £ (a,»), 1 (\ i),
n ()Qf/Li), 0, O (s, o), 9 (p,9).
II parait que les Sidetes ont adopte 1'alphabet arameen
tel qu'il etait en usage chez les Perses, pour autant qu'il
pouvait servir a ecrire leur dialecte grec et qu'ils se sont
31 Zeitschr. f. Numism. XIV, 1886, p. 143.
32 Arrien, Anab. I, 26, 4. 'AA^avSpos Se €Vi ^tSrys $€v • eiVi 8e
ot StC^rat KV/X.CUOI CK Kv/x^c rfjs AloXt^os " /cat ovrot Xeyovcriv VTrep
<r<^>ajv — ort ws Karfjpdv re es rrjv yrjv fKtivrjv ot Trpwroi CAC Kv/x,i;s
<TTaA.eVT€5 /cat CTT! otKto'/ji(5 c^eyS^o-av, avrt/ca TT/V fjiev 'EXXa^a
•yXto(rcrav e^eXa^ov, ev^vs 8e fiapfiapov <f)(Dvr]v tetrav, /cat ovSe Tail/
Trpoa-\wp(av f3ap(3ap(av, dXXa tStav trefoil/ OVTTO) irpocrSev overav rrjv
<f>tovr)v — /caraXtTra)!/ Se <f>povpav €V 2tSry Trpoo-^et CTTI SuXXtov.
33 Zeitschr. f. Num. X. 1883, T. |, 2, 3 ; Mion. Ill, p. 477
suiv., n. 184, 187, 214, 285 ; Suppl. VIII, p. 66 suiv., n. 191,
193, 223, 227, 242, 244.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. E E
206 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
bornes a le completer par les voyelles Y e* H> empruntees
aux Grecs.
Pour en juger avec certitude et reconstruire Falphabet
en entier, il faudra attendre que nous soyons en possession
descriptions archa'iques trouvees a Side meme. Jusque
la nous aurons a nous contenter d'hypotheses plus ou
moins probables.
XXXVIII.— GOLGOI.
6e et 5e Siecle.
1. Hermes marchant & droite, muni d'ailes aux epaules et
d'ailerons aux talons, le bras gauche etendu ;
le bras droit emporte tenait peut-etre le caducee.
Eev. — Bceuf debout a droite ; au dessus A (Go) ; carre
creux bord£ d'un grenetis.
M 5/3. 11,60. Ma coll. ; Num. chron. 1888, p. 121, PI.
V, 11, ou la figure ailee a ete prise, a
tort, pour une deesse.34
2. Hercule marchant, a grands pas, a droite, a travers une
foret, indiquee par deux pins garnis de branches
et de feuilles ; il tient de la main gauche etendue
Tare visible en partie ; la main droite levee, qui
n'a pas trouve place, brandissait la massue.
Jfov. — Bceuf debout a droite ; au-dessus grand rameau de
laurier ; carre creux borde d'un grenetis.
M 3^. 8,55. CoU. Imhoof. [PL IX, No. 10.]
Malgre la difference du module les carres creux du
etatere et de la drachme sont de meme grandeur et comme
le style, fort archa'ique, est le meme, ces deux pieces
34 L'absence du signe de virilite n'est qu'une preuve d'archa-
isme ; voir les figures du meme style sur les reliefs en bronze,
Mittheil. Arch. Imt. Athen. XX, 1895, PL XIV.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET 1NCERTAINES. 207
contemporaines proviennent eVidemment d'un meme
atelier.
L'explication des types de la drachme est donnee par le
bas-relief, trouve a Golgoi (Athenian) de Chypre, qui
decora la base d'uiie statue archa'ique d'Hercule.35 On y
voit Hercule dans la meme attitude que sur la drachme.
Apres avoir perce d'une fleche le chien Orthros a triple
tete, il brandit la massue contre le bouvier Eurytion,
debout a Tentre'e d'une caverne, indiquee par deux lignes,
ou sont caches les breufs de Geryonee et tachant de les
derober a la vue d'Hercule par le feuillage d'un pin
entier qu'il a arrache de terre et porte au bras gauche.
La meme scene est indiquee sommairement sur la
drachme par les arbres de la foret36 et par le grand
rameau a larges feuilles qui couvre le bceuf du revers ;
ce bosuf unique represente tout le troupeau de Geryonee.
Les types du statere, n. 1, ont trait aun mythe du meme
genre, car si Hercule enleve le betail de Geryonee,
Hermes derobe les boaufs d'Apollon.
Ce parallelisme engage a classer a la meme ville le
statere du roi Salas, la seule autre monnaie Cypriote,
86 Ceccaldi, Revue Arch., 1872, XXIV, PL 21 ; L. P. di Ces-
nola, Cypern, 1879, p. 112 suiv., T. XXIII, XXIV ; Antiquities
of Cyprus, Lond., 1873, fol. PL 21, 24; Brunn-Bruckmann,
Denkm. Griech. u. Earn. Sculpt., n. 205, 207 ; Roscher, Lex.
Mythol. II, Geryoneus, p. 1635 vign.
36 Le nom de Geryonee etait associe a des arbres qui, A,
1'origine, paraissent avoir ete des pins — pinus laricio, Poir. et
pinus halepensis, Mill. ; Philostrat, Vita Apoll. 5, 4, 8eV8/oa
TrjpvoveLa. — TrapaXXdrrovra e/c TTITVOS T€ KCU TTCUKT^S ets eTSos ere/oov,
cf. Pausan. I, 35, 8; Koch, Baeume GriechenL, 1879, p. 28 —
34 ; Unger und Kotschy, Cypern, 1865, p. 214; A. Berg, Die
Insel Ehodus, 1862, donne I, p. 30, PI. 8 une gravure d'un
groupe de ces pins a Camiros, II, p. 152 et p. 143.
208 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
au type d'Hermes, (Tautant plus que la drachme corres-
pondante porte aussi le type d'Hercule combattant.
3. Hermes marchant a gauche, la chlamyde sur les epaules,
la main droite etendue et tenant le caducee de la
gauche; devant lui =t-V££, /Ja(o-iA6<os) SaAd;
grenetis.
Rev. — Tete barbue et cornue d'Ammon, a gauche, dans un
carre creux borde d'un grenetis.
M 7. 11, — ; 10,82. Eev. num., 1883, p. 303, n. 8; Babe-
Ion, Perses Achem., n. 785, PI.
XXI, 20. Tous deux surfrappes et
provenant du tresor d'Idalion.
4. Hercule combattant a droite.
Rev. — Meme revers; derriere la tete I.
M 3. 3,30. Rev. num. 1867, p. 371, PI. XI, 9 ; 1883, p.
304, n. 9.
En publiant le statere n. 1, j'ai remarque que le signe
A, go ou co, designait une ville, Golgoi ou Corone, plutot
qu'un dynaste, et maintenant que nous voyons le mytbe
de Geryonee figure sur une dracbme de cette ville et
sur un bas-relief provenant des fouilles de Golgoi,37 il ne
me parait pas douteux que la ville dont le nom commence
par A? 9°y 8°it en e^e^> Golgoi, situee non loin de Kition,
a laquelle elle aura emprunte le culte et le type
d'Hercule et tout pres d'Idalion, ou furent trouves les
stateres, n. 3, et plusieurs des monnaies suivantes, dont
j'ai deja propose, en 1883, de classer quelques-unes a
Golgoi, a cause du /y.
87 Dans les memes fouilles furent trouvees trois statues du
triple Geryonee, Cesnola, 1. c. p. 128, PI. XXXIV; Roscher,
Lex. Mythol. v. Geryoneus, p. 1633 vign.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 209
5. Tete de lion, la gueule beante, a droite. Tres archaique.
Rev. — Carre creux primitif.
M 7/6. 10,10. Coll. de Hirsch, Rev. iVww.1883, p. 801.
6. Meme tete et du meme style.
Rev. — Tete de Meditse de face, dessous % %., /3a(o-iA.£<os)
'A ; carre creux.
M 6/5. 9,10. Brit. Mus. ; Rev. Num., 1. c. n. 1 ; Babelon,
Pers. Achem., p. cxlix vign.
7. Meme tete, de style plus recent.
Rev. — Tete de Meduse, de style plus recent, dessous %. —
( $• ) ', carre creux.
M 7/5. 10,08. Mus. de Berlin, Rev. Num., n. 2.
8. Meme tete, a gauche ; autre style.
Rev. — Tete de bceuf, a droite ; dessus :£ ^ , /3a(o-iXews)
<I>i ; carre creux horde d'un grenetis.
M 6. 10,30. Brit. Mus.; Rev. num., n. 6; Babelon, p.
cxlix viqn. Tresor d'Idalion.
9. Autre, devant la tete de bosuf, % ^, y3a(o-tXews)'E .......
M 5£. 11,08. Brit. Mus. ; Rev. num,., n. 5. Tresor d'Ida-
lion.
10. Meme tete, autre style.
Rev. — Croix ansee entre deux arbres, ou rameaux ; -^ —
£fC ; carre creux borde d'un grenetis. Travail
barbare.
M 7/6. 11,21. Brit. Mus. ; Rev. num., n. 3.
11. Tete de lion, a gaucbe, derriere A, ro(AyiW). Beau style
archaique.
Rev. — Croix ansee dans un carre creux borde d'un grene-
tis ; fleurons aux angles.
JR 3. 3,55 ; 3,37. Rev. num., n. 4 ; Babelon, n. 775, PI.
XXI, 10; coll. Weber. [PI, IX, No. 11.]
2.1.0 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
12. Lion guettant sa proie, a droite.
Rev. — Kevers pareil.
M 5. 11,12 ; 10,80. Rev. num.,n. 10 ; Babelon, n. 776,
PI. XXI, 11.
13. Meme type, a 1'exergue A ; grenetis.
Rev. — Bceuf cornupete, a gauche ; dessus A ; carre creux
borde d'un grenetis.
M 6. 10,84. Rev. num., n. 11 ; Babelon, n. 777, PL
XXI, 12; 10,73 Brit. Mus. ; 10,53 ma coll.
Ici sont a placer, a ce qu'il parait, les n. 1 — 4.
14. Hercule marchant a droite, brandissant de la main droite
levee la massue et saisissant de la gauche un
lion retournant la tete et grimpant sur la cuisse
gauche du heros ; derriere lui croix ansee ; gre-
netis.
Rev. — Lion rugissant, accroupi a gauche, la patte droite
levee ; dans le fond bceuf marchaut a gauche la
tete levee ; carre creux borde d'un grenetis.
M 3. 3,20. Coll. Imhoof, Num. Chron., 1888, p. 131, n.
26, PI. V, 13.
15. Tete barbue d' Hercule coiffee de la peau de lion, & droite.
Cercle au pourtour.
Rev. — Protome de bouquetin agenouille, a droite; devant
lui A ; cercle.
N f. 0,78 ma coll. ; 0,72 Rev. num., I. c. p. 280, n. 8,
PI. VI, 5 ; Babelon, n. 589, PI. XVI, 25.
Ce dixieme de darique, emis par Euagoras I, nous fait
voir que Golgoi etait alors en possession du roi de
Salamine ; aussi toutes les monnaies autonomes de la
ville sont elles anterieures a son regne.
Les plus anciens stateres, depuis le n. 6 jusqu'au n. 10,
portent les initiales de rois, A., Phi., E., que j'ai
propose de completer en 'ApurTOKimpos, <E>/\o*-ir7r/9o? et
quand le classement de cette eerie a Soloi me
MONNAIES GKECQUES, 1NED1TES ET INCERTAINES. 211
semblait probable, et M. Babelon a admis cette attribu-
tion.
Mais, maintenant que le A> <*e la draclime n. 11, donne
par le bel exemplaire de M. Weber, nous fait voir que
Golgoi peut revendiquer les pieces trouvees en partie
dans son voisinage, a Idalion, a meilleur droit que Soloi,
il serait hasarde de vouloir completer les noms de ces
rois inconnus.
Les monnaies frappees a Soloi au 6e et au 5e siecle sont
encore a retrouver.
XXXIX.— ANTIOCHUS III., JEUNE.
223—220 env.
1. Tete (L'Antiochus III. jeune, ceinte du diademe, a droite;
grenetis.
Rev.— BAZIAEftX ANTIOXOY, Apollon assis^ a
gauche, sur 1'omphalos, tenant de la main droite
une fleche, et s'appuyant de la gauche sur son arc ;
dans le champ a gauche 3*1, a droite W , a 1'ex-
ergue 3^.
N 8. 34,09. Cab. de la Haye, Imhoof, Zeitschr. f. Nu-
mism. Ill, 1876, p. 345.
2. Tete semblable ?
ReVt — Meme revers et memes monogrammes dans le
champ, mais autres monogrammes a Fexergue.
jR 8 ? 17,10. Brit. Mus. K. of Syria, p. 21, n. 12.
16,85. Brit. Mus. K. of Syria, p. 25, n. 8, comp.
le statere d'or, n. 3, PI. VIII, 3.
Comp. Gough-Duane, Coins of the Seleuc.,
PI. IV, p. 36, n. 3 et Bunbury, Num.
Chron., 1883, PI. V, 2, Cat. Bunbury,
II, n. 468, avec la tete du n. 1, mais
d'autres monogrammes.
212 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
3. Droit du n. 1.
Rev. — Meme legende. Victoire debout & gauche, tenant
de la main droite une longue palme ; dans le
champ, a gauche et a droite les memes mono-
grammes.
M 5. _ Brit. Mus. K. of Syria, p. 21, 17, PI. VII, 5.
M. Babelon38 date 1'emission des tetrastateres d'or
d* Antiochus III. de son expedition dans les satrapies
orientales de son royaume, 209 — 205, quand il fit convertir
a Ecbatane, en 209, quatre mille talents d'or en
monnaie.39
Cette date peut etre juste pour la plupart des tetra-
stateres figures jusqu'ici,40 mais elle ne convient pas a
Texemplaire decrit ci-dessus, n. 1, ni au bronze a la meme
tete, n. 3. Cette tete est d'un roi tres jeune et represente
Antiochus au debut de son regne, quand il avait vingt
ans et que de legers favoris commencaient a paraitre sur
ses joues.
La meme tete se voit encore, mais lauree et diademee,
sur le bronze au revers d' Artemis qui couronne le nom du
roi.41
Toutes les autres monnaies qui me sont connues repre-
sentent Antiochus dans un age plus avance. Les favoris
commencent a couvrir ses joues sur le tetradrachme
38 Rois de Syrie, p. Ixxx.
39 Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Real-encycl. I, p. 2462.
40 Duane, PI. IV, p. 53, n. 1 ; PI. V, 5 ; Brit. Mus. K. of S.,
PI. VIII, 4 ; Rois de Syrie, PI. IX, 9. Le tetrastatere, Duane,
PI. IV, p. 36, n. 15, est de date anterieure et de bien peu pos-
terieur a celui de la Haye, n. 1.
41 Brit. Mus. K. of Syria, p. 28, n. 54, PI. IX, 10.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET TNCERTAINES. 213
decrit par M. Imhoof,42 et encore plus sur le buste drape
figure par M. Imhoof et par M. Babelon.43
Ce buste ressemble tellement a celui de son cousin ger-
main Achaeus, le roi d'Asie, 220 — 214,43bis sur son statere
d'or,44 qu'il doit etre de la meme epoque. II n'est meme
pas peut-etre de beaucoup posterieur a 220. Alors, Antio-
cbus, auquel un fils venait de naitre et qui, delivre
d'Hermeias, se sentait de force a regner seul, fit dispa-
raitre les dernieres traces de son adolescence et depuis ses
monnaies nous le inontrent toujours imberbe.
Le monogramme dans le champ a droite, n. 41 de la
table de M. Babelon, est tres frequent sur les monnaies
des premiers Seleucides,45 mais je ne le trouve pas sur
les monnaies posterieures d'Antiochus III.
XL. — ANTIOCHUS EUPATOR, ROI DE BABYLONE.
170—164.
1. Tete d'Antiochus enfant, ceinte du diademe royal, a droite.
Bandelette de laine au pourtour.
Rev.— BAZIAEHZ ANTIOXOY, Apollon assis, a
gauche, sur 1'omphalos, tenant de la main droite
42 Monn. grecq., p. 428, n. 49; cab. de la Haye ; avec des
favoris plus courts, Bunbury, Num. Chron, 1883, PI. V, 1 — 3,
Cat. Bunbury II, n. 466—468, PI. IV; Babelon, Rois de Syrie,
PL IX, 2, 3; ma coll. En or, Duane, PI. IV, p. 36, n. 15.
43 Imhoof, Portraetk., p. 29 et 74, T. Ill, 17; Rois de Syrie,
n. 217, PI. VI, 12 (Antiochus II).
isbis Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Real-encyd. I, p. 206,
Achaios 4.
44 Cab. de Munich, Portraetk., p. 29 et 74, T. Ill, 19.
45 Seleucus I, Rois de Syrie, n. 46, PL II, 1 ; n. 53, PL II, 7.
Antiochus I. n. 126—128; Duane, PL II, n. 15, 16, 18;
Kings of Syria, p. 9, n. 12 — 14. Antiochus II, p. 14, n. 6.
Seleucus II, p. 16, n. 12, 13; PL VI, 3; p. 18, n. 29; p. 19,
n. 37, 38, PL VI, 15; Duane, PL III, 24.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. F F
214 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
une fleche et s'appuyant de la gauche sur son
arc ; dans le champ, a gauche, trepied ; a 1'exergue
lettre (B, A), ou monogramme.
M 9, 8. 17,70 — 16,50. Duane, Coins of the Seleuc.,
PL IX, 9 ; Gardner, Cat. Brit. Mus. Kings of
Syria, p. 24, n. 1—3, PL VIII, 1 ; Head, Guide,
PL XXXVIII, 18 ; Pellerin, Melanges I, 1765,
p. 135, PL III, 17 (Tresor de Laodicee) ; Babelon,
Eois de Syrie, p. 325—331, PL VIII, 17 et n. 332
avec deux monogr. et sans symbole ; Imhoof-
Blumer, Portraetk. T. Ill, 16 ; ma coll., etc.
T6te un peu plus agee, Cat. Greau, n. 2325,
PL IV, sans symbole, autres monogr. et lettres.
2. M 4, 3J. 4,20—3,71. Drachmes a la meme tete. Brit.
Mas., n. 4—6, PL VIII, 2; Eois de Syrie,
n. 333, PI. VIII, 18; ma coll., symbole trepied.
8. Meme tete.
Rev. — Meme legende, cheval marchant a droite.
M 8. 4,20. Eou de Syrie, n. 834, PL VIII, 19.
Ce groupe de mommies a ete classe par M. Gardner,
M. Bunbury et M. Babelon & un Antiochus, qui aurait
e"te fils de Seleucus III. et qui aurait regne pendant
quelques mois seulement, a Tage de six ou sept ans, en
222, apres la mort de son pere.46
Mais cette attribution, generalement adoptee, ne peut
plus etre acceptee depuis que M. Wilcken a montre47
que Texistence de ce roi epbemere ne repose que sur des
combinaisons mal fondees de Droysen48 et qu'il est a
remplacer dans la serie des Seleucides par Antiochus,
46 Gardner, I. c. p. xiv ; Bunbury, Num. Chron., 1883, p.
90, 91, Catal., n. 465; Babelon, 1. c. p. Ixxiv— Ixxvii.
47 Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Eeal-encyd. I, p. 2470, An-
tiochus n. 26.
48 Droysen, Gesch. d. Hellenism. III., 2, p. 121 suiv., 181
suiv.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INED1TES ET 1NCERTA1NES. 215
fils aine d'Antiochus III. et de Laodice, fille de Mithridate
II. du Pont.
Ne en 220, son pere se Passocia tout jeune avec le
titre de roi de Babylone, ainsi que Cambyse Pavait ete
sous Cyrus.49 Comme tel il est mentionne par les inscrip-
tions cuneiformes des tablettes babyloniennes des annees
104, 110, 112, 114, 115 de 1'ere des Seleucides, depuis
208 jusqu'en 197 av. J.-C.
II epousa, 196/5, a 24 ans, sa soeur Laodice et mourut,
en 193, age* de 27 ans. II fut divinise* de son vivant,
comme son pere, et c'est lui que la liste sacerdotale de
Seleucie intercale entre Seleucus III et Antiochus III.50
II est fort probable que des monnaies auront ete
frappees a son effigie et maintenant que nous savons qu'il
a porte le titre de roi pendant 15 a 16 ans, 208—193,
il y aurait lieu de rechercher si parmi les monnaies
classees a Antiochus III et a Hierax, il n'y en aurait pas
dont la tete juvenile conviendrait inieux a ce fils aine
d'Antiochus III qu'a son pere ou a Hierax.51
C'est une question que je me permets de soumettre
aux numismatistes.
Mais ce n'est pas ce jeune roi qui avait douze ans
quand il est mentionne pour la premiere fois, 208,
que represente la tete enfantine des monnaies decrites.
Comine Pont bien vu Gough52 et H. Cohen52bis elles
nous donnent le portrait d'Antiochus Eupator.
49 D'apres la remarque tres judicieuse de M.Unger, Philologus
LY, 1896, p. 107.
50 Corp. Imcr. Graec. Ill, 4458; Babelon, I. c., p. Ixxiv.
61 Voir par exeinple, Num. Chron., 1883, PI. V, 6 ; Cat^
Bunbary II, n. 477.
82 Coins of the Seleuc., PL IX.
*2bis Catal. Greau, n. 2825 note.
216 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Ne en 173 et nomme roi de Babylone par son pere
Antiochus IY des 170, a 1'age de trois ans, il porta le
titre de roi pendant sept ans, depuis 170 jusqu'en 164,
quand il succeda, age de neuf ans, a Epiphane.53
Pour se convaincre de la justesse de cette attribution,
il faut surtout comparer les tetradrachmes d'Eupator
enfant avec ceux de son pere au meme type d'Apollon et
marques du meme symbole, le trepied.^ D'apres le traite-
ment des cheveux et tout 1' ensemble des pieces, elles sont
evidemment 1'ceuvre d'un meme graveur ; en outre, le
profil de V enfant, le nez surtout, correspond a celui du
jeune roi sur ses premieres emissions, apres 164, au type
d'Apollon,65 et qui n'est que plus developpe. Ce n'est
plus un enfant maintenant, mais un garcon, grand pour
son age.
La notice de Strabon,56 que Borsippa, la voisine de
Babylone, etait consacree a Apollon et a Artemis, nous
fait voir que le type d'Apollon convient particulierement
aux premiers Seleucides, qui furent rois de Babylone.
53 Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Eeal-encyd. I, p. 2476, cp.
2450, 2452 ; Unger, Philologus, LV, 1896, p. 107. Antiochos
Eupator fuehrte schon als JKnabe, 7 Jahre vor dem Tod seines
Vaters — am 21 April 170 in Babylon den Koenigstitel, — ; am
26 Maerz 269 wird Seleukos (oo-rts /u*pos ereXevV^o-e, — ) ebenda
neben seinem Vater Antiochos I, als Koenig genannt — ; das
Vorbildhatte Kyros durch Ernennungdes Kambyses zum Koenig
von Babylon gegeben.
64 Cat. Brit. Mus. K. of Syria, p. 34, 3, 4, PI. XI, 2 ; ma
coll. ; Babelon, Rois de Syrie, n. 516, cp. n. 514, 515, PI. XII,
1 ; Duane, PI. IX, 1.
65 K. of Syria, p. 44, 1, 2, PI. XIII, 11, 12.
66 Strabon, XVII, 1, 7, p. 739. Ta Se Eopa-t-mra te/oa TroXt?
(crrlv 'Apre/xiSos /cat 'ATroAA coves. Steph. Byz. Bopo-iTTTra. Im-
hoof, Numism. Zeitschr. XXVII, 1895, p. 12, T. II, 6. A\
Tete d'Apollon. liev. — Artemis ? tirant de Fare dans un bi^e
d'elephants.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INED1TES ET INCERTA1NES. 217
Deja Antiochus I commenca, Mars 268, a rebatir a
Borsippa le fameux sanctuaire de Nebo,67 le fils (aplou) de
Zeus Be"los-Merodach, que ce titre identifiait avec 1'Apollon
grec. Je suppose meme que 1'Apollon, mentionne par
Justin,57bls comme le divin pere de Seleucus I, et dont
Yancre etait le symbole, n'est autre que le dieu de Bor-
sippa, qu'une barque sacree transportait regulierement a
Babylone pour y celebrer pres de son pere Merodach les
fetes du nouvel an. L'ancre serait ainsi le symbole des
droits au trone de Babylone que donnait a Seleucus I sa
descendance par Apollon-Nebo, du dieu supreme Zeus
Belos-Merodach.
Pour terminer, il n'est peut-etre pas inutile de
remarquer que la tete surmontee d'une etoile des tetra-
dracnmes d'Antiochus IY Epiphane,68 ne me semble pas
etre celle de ce roi, mais de son frere Seleucus IV
divinise et idealise.
XLI. — Rois DES MEDES.
Timarque, nomme satrape de Babylone par Antiochus
IY,69 se rendit fort utile a son fils Antiochus Y, 164 —
162, comme ambassadeur aupres des Remains et resta
fidele a sa cause, quand le jeune roi eut etc detrone et
mis a mort par Demetrius I. II partit pour Rome, ou
67 D'apres 1'inscr. d'Antiochus I, Keilschr. Bibl. Ill, 2, p.
186—139. Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Eeal-encycl. I, p.
Justin, XV, 4. Babelon, Eois de Syrie, p. VII, VIII.
68 K. of Syria, p. 34, 1, 2, PI. IX, 1 ; Babelon, I. c., n. 523
— 525, PI. XII, 3, 4.
69 Appien, Syr. 45. 2<vpia<s — rjp^e (Antiochus IV)
iv Ba/^uAow
218 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
nous le trouvons, comme satrape de Medie, intriguant
centre le nouveau roi, jusqu'a ce qu'il parvint a se faire
reconnaitre par le Senat comme roi des Medes.
Alors il retourne en Medie, y reunit une armee
importante, se lie avec le roi d'Armenie Artaxias, prend
possession des contrees voisines et reussit enfin, non sans
violence, a se constituer la monarchic desiree. C'etait
en 161.60
Mais son triomphe fut de courte duree. L'annee
suivante il est deja vaincu et mis a mort par Demetrius,
a qui ce succes valut le nom de Soter, que les Baby-
loniens, opprimes par le roi des Medes, lui decernerent.61
C'est done comme roi des Medes reconnu par le Senat
de Rome, que Timarque a fait battre des stateres d'or,62
des tetradrachmes et leurs divisions en argent et en
bronze,63 a 1'instar des rois de Syrie, et c'est a tort que
60 Diodore XXXI, 27a (Mueller, Fragm. Hist. Grace., II, p. xi,
xii), (ra.Tpa.7rwv uV yv eVw^aveo-TaTos Tt/uap^os — 'Ai/Tto^ov(V) —
, os TroAAaias ct? TTJV 'Pw/xryv e^aTreo-raA/Aevos
K.T.X. — Kara TOV eveo-Ttora Kaipov orarpcxTrTys Mrjfiias
rrjv 'Pd)p.r)v KOI — iTrewre rrjv (rvyK\r)TOv 8dy/xa Trept avrov
Totovrov * Tijuap^a) * ei/e/cev avroiv * /Sao-tXea cti/at. 'O 8e €irap-&cts
TO) Soy/Aare, (rweor^o-aro Kara rrjv Mr;8iav o-TparoTreSoj/ d^idXoyov *
— ert Se ra Trpdtr^wpa TWV e^voiv KaraTrXrj^a /icvos ^ia TO /3apo?
TT}S 8vva/x€(os, Kai TroXXovs I/TT^KOOVS 7roo;o*as a)pp.7)(rev CTTI TO Zevy/xa
KCU TeXos T^S )8acrtX€tas ey»cpaT^s eyeveTo. Pomp. Trogus, Prolog.
XXXIV. Ut mortuo Antiocho rege Syriae Demetrius cog-
nomine Soter, qui Romae fuerat obses, clam fugit occupataque
Syria bellum cum Timarcho Medorum rege habuit (et) Ariarathe
rege Cappadocum.
Appien, Syr. 47, KCU Se^a/xeVwv avTov (Demetrium)
61
i T' aXXa TTovr/ptos Ba^SvXwvos fryovpcvov ' £0' w Kat 2a>T^p, ap£a-
62 Mus. de Berlin, #. Muenzk. 1877, n. 482.
63 Ca*. 5riY. MMS. .fiT. o/ Syria, p. 50, PL XV. 2, 3, PI.
XXVIII, 6 ; Babelon, Rois de Syrit, p. cxv.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 219
les numismatistes continuent de le nommer roi de
Babylone.
Aussi M. Imlioof 64 n'aurait pas du classer a la Baby-
lonie un groupe de bronzes d'Antiochus III, analogues
par la fabrique, le style et la forme des flans aux bronzes
de Timarque, dont le type, une jument qui allaite son
poulain, ou un cheval paissant, ne convient pas speciale-
ment a la Babylonie, mais tout a fait a la Medie, satrapie
d'ou les rois de Perse tiraient les fameux chevaux Niseens
dont ils se servaient de preference et ou de leur temps
cinquante mille juments paissaient dans le haras royal
d'une seule plaine.65
Comme Timarque, Molon, satrape de Medie sous
Antiochus III, se declara roi des Medes. C'est ce qui
resulte des donnees de Polybe,66 du titre de roi qu'il
prend sur ses bronzes et du fait qu'Antiochus fit crucifier
son cadavre dans le site le plus frequente de la Medie,67
en preuve que c'est dans ce pays qu'il usurpa le titre de
roi. C'est done comme tel qu'il a battu monnaie.
Aussi me permets-je de signaler la Medie au savant
auteur de YHistoria numorum, comme un ehapitre qui
manque a cet excellent ouvrage.
«* Monn. grecg., p. 429, n. 60—63 ; Babelon, I c., PI. XI, 3, 4.
Voir maintenant Imhoof, Die Muenzstaette Babylon, Numism.
Zeitschr. XXVII, 1895, p. 16.
66 Strabon, XI, 13, p. 525, Aet/xoV — ei/ ta TTCVTC /xvptaSas LTTTTWV
^Xetwv v€juecr£cu <f>a(rw CTTI Toil/ Ilcpo-aiv, eu/ai 8e ras dyeXa? ravra?
)8a(T(AiKas ' TOVS 8e N^aat'ovs ITTTTOVS, ot? e^pcoi/ro ot y8a<nAets dptcrrots
overt Kat /xey/o-TOts, ot pJkv cv-^evSc Xeyovo-t TO yevos, /c.r.X.
66 Polybe V, 45, 1, Kupteuwv 8e (Molon) Tavrrjs rfjs xwpas
(Medie), ftacriXtKriv €^ova"rj^ Treptb-rao-tr, Kat TraAat fjiev <j>o(3€po<s rjv
— 8ta rrjv VTrepo^v T^S ^wao-Tetas-
67 Ibid. 54^ 6, TO /xev o-o>/x,a TOU MoA.au/os di/ao'Tavpoio'at Trpoac-
220 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
XLII. — GYRENE, MAGAS.
VEBS 274.
1. Tete imberbe de Dionysos, ceinte de lierre, a droite ; devant
elle ^Ol/lflAI3<l> ; dans le champ, a gaucbe,
symbole (carquois d'Artemis) ; grenetis.
Rev. — AA — Mil, Eros marchant a grand pas a droite,
les ailes eployees, chante en s'accoinpagnant de
la lyre.
M 4£. 8,43. Cab. de France. Svoronos, Revue numism.
1892, p. 212—216, vignette incorrecte,
rectifiee en partie p. 506.
Ce curieux didrachme, trouve en Crete et recemment
acquis par le cabinet de France, a e*te correctement
attribue par M. Svoronos a Gyrene, d'apres le poids
attique, le style et le nom de magistrat place au droit
devant la tete et ecrit a rebours suivant 1' usage du
pays.68
Mais, si le savant numismatiste n'a pas reussi alors a
decniffrer la legende du revers qu'il lisait . A — MAI,
il a bien voulu m'inform^r depuis que ces lettres indis-
tinctes lui ont paru plus tard pouvoir etre lues AA — MjQ
et c'est en effet ce que je crois voir moi-meme sur les
empreintes dont M. Babelon a bien voulu me favoriser
avec son obligeance accoutumee.
Pour trouver le sens de cette le'gende, il faut comparer,
comme 1'a aussi reconnu M. Svoronos, les monnaies con-
temporaines suivantes.
68 Mueller, Numism. de Vane. Aftique. Cyren., n. 176, 184,
200, 211, Suppl. n. 190, PI. I.
MONNATES GRECQUES, TNEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 221
2. Tete imberbe &' Amman, a comes de belier, a gauche,
devant PoAIANOEYZ ; grenetis.
Rev. — Hermes, debout a gauche, vetu de la chlamyde, le
petase au dos et les pieds ailes ; il tient de la
main droite le caducee, d'oii depend un diademe
royal; derriere lui AAMH KYPAZA(tW) ;
grenetis.
M 5. 8,43. Coll. Weber, Catal. Montagu, 1896, n. 804,
Pl.X.
Meme droit ; derriere la tete silpliium.
Rev.— Meme revers, AAMQ KYPAZ(atW) 69 ; le dia-
deme ne parait pas sur la gravure, mais on en
voit des traces la ou il est attache au caducee.
M 5. 8,50. Bompois, Med. de la Cyren., p. 121, 122,
Vignette du litre ; Catal. Bompois, n. 2074 ;
Mueller Suppl., n. 175a.
8. Tete d' Artemis, a droite, la carquois au dos; devant AAMfl
KYPANA(tW); grenetis.
Rev. — Nike volant a droite, tenant de la main gauche une
couronne et de la droite un diademe royal, sur
lequel est inscrit le nom du roi (?) (MAPA2I ?) ;
grenetis.
M 5. 15,10. Univ. de Turin. Mueller, n. 236 ; Svoronos,
Rev. Num. 1892, p. 215 vign.
II ne s'agit done pas d'un second nom de magistral,
tel que AAMUNAKTOZ, par exemple, mais, comme l'a
deja propose Mueller,70 du Demos des Cyreneens, qui fit
69 Get N retourne a induit Bompois a lire AAMUKYPAZ,
erreur que les moulages queje dois a 1'amitie de M.Weber me
permettent de rectifier. Mueller, Suppl., p. 11, avait deja
soupQonne que cet Z n'etait du qu'a une inadvertance du
graveur.
70 Mueller a aussi reconnu, I. c., que Aa/jo> Kvpava(i'a>j/) est la
forme dorique de SrJ/xou Kvp^va(tW) ; ce genitif en w se retrouve
dans lesnoms de magistrats KAINIH, et KYH'EAH
4>IAHN des monnaies de Gyrene, n. 42, 323, 324.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. G G
222 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
frapper ces belles monnaies a des occasions exceptionelles.
Ces evenements sont indiques par les types.
Sur le bronze, n. 3, division du didrachme n. 1, Nike
porte la couronne et le diademe au roi Magas, dont le
nom semble inscrit sur le diademe.
Sur le n. 2 la prosperite et la securite dont jouit le
commerce sous Fautorite de Magas sont symbolisees par
le diademe dont Hermes a ceint son caducee.
Sur le didracnme n. 1 Eros chante I'epithalame aux
noces de Magas et d'Apame, la fille d'Antiochus I, vers
274.71
Cette union assurait a Magas Tappui du puissant roi de
Syrie et le mettait en etat de resister aux tentatives de
Ptolemee Philadelphe pour recouvrir la Cyrena'ique, ou
Magas s'etait declare independant apres la mort de
Ptolemee Soter.
Ce mariage etait done d'une importance capitale pour
le pays et la belle monnaie frappee a cette occasion
temoigne de la vive part que le Demos de Gyrene prit au
bonheur de son roi.
C'est au nom de Cyrene qu'Eros entonne le chant
nuptial.
Le nom du roi ne se lit ni sur ce didracnme ni sur les
autres monnaies de la meme epoque ; on n'y rencontre que
celui des Cyreneens et du magistrat temporaire qui
permettait alors d'en fixer la date precise.
II est permis d'en conclure que Magas ne jouissait pas
d'un pouvoir aussi absolu que les rois d'Egypte et de
Syrie ; malgre son titre il n'etait guere plus que satrape
et son autorite etait limitee par Fautonomie du Demos,
71 Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Real-encycL, I, p. 2662,
Apama ; Pausan. I, 7, 3.
MONNAIES GKECQUES, INEDITES ET 1NCERTAINES. 223
qui conservait le droit de monnaie dont il jouissait depuis
longtemps.72
II est vrai que Mueller date les stateres d'or et les
monnaies en argent, signes par les memes magistrate, des
annees 450 a 322.73 Mais une comparaison attentive de
la pose de Zeus, assis sur son trone, des stateres de Chains,
Cydis, Theupheides, Jason, avec celle du Zeus aetophore
et nicephore des tetradrachmes aux types d' Alexandra
emis par Seleucus I et Antiochus I,74 suffit pour faire voir
que les stateres de Gyrene sont posterieurs a Alexandre
et ne sont pas anterieurs au regne de Magas, 284 — 258.
II est fort possible que Gyrene ait adopte le type du
Zeus assis, lors de 1'alliance de Magas avec le roi de Syrie,
pour remplacer le Zeus debout des stateres signes KAEA
en monogramme,75 et PoAIANOEYX.
Le didrachme, public par M. Svoronos, vient confirraer
ces dates, qui m'avaient deja ete suggerees en comparant
le didrachme de Theupheides, cite par M. Svoronos,76
avec la tete ceinte de lierre de Ptolemee IY Philopator
sur les monnaies en argent frappees par ce roi, sans doute
en Cyrenai'que.77
Les rares bronzes, a la legende BAZIAE&Z MATA,78
72 Mueller, p. 63.
73 Ibid. p. 71. D'apresM. Head, Hist. num. p. 729, de 431
a 321.
74 Cat. Brit. Mus. K. of Syria, PI. Ill, 1 ; Babelon, Bois de
Syrie, PL IV, 3, 4 ; Catal. Montagu, I, PI. IX, n. 691.
75 Babelon, Revue numism., 1885, p. 399, PI. XV, 7.
76 Mueller, n. 176; Svoronos, Rev. Num., 1892, p. 215
viyn.
*77 Imhoof, Portrnetk. T. VIII, 5 ; Monn. grecq., PI. J, 13 ;
comp. Cat. Brit. Mus. K. of Egypt, PI. XIV, 6. 7.
78 Mueller, n. 382; K. of Egypt, p. 38, n. 11, 12, PL VI,
7,8.
224 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
de fabrique plus recente, ne me semblent pas porter le
nom du Magas qui nous occupe, mais celui de son petit-
fils, le frere cadet de Ptolemee Philopator et le fils de
Berenice et de Ptolemee Euergete I, dont je retrouve le
portrait au droit de ces bronzes, tout pareil a la tete des
tetradracbmes que Poole a classes a ce roi 79 et qui portent
son effigie. II est fort probable, en effet, que ce jeune
Magas ait pris le titre de roi a la mort de son pere, 222,
et que des bronzes a son nom aient ete frappe*s en
Cyrena'ique, dont sa mere etait reine.
Mais cette emission n'a pu etre que de fort courte
duree, car Magas fut bientot mis a mort avec sa mere80 et
c'est pourquoi ces bronzes sont si rares.
Le quadrige au galop, a gauche, des derniers stateres
d'or de Theupheides et de Jason,81 parait avoir servi de
modele a celui des stateres d'or du satrape des Parthes,
Andragoras, 250, tue par Arsace82 et du Satrape dont le
nom, ecrit en lettres arameennes, n'a ete reconnu ni par
M. Gardner, ni par M. Howorth.83
I/emission de ces stateres au type du quadrige au galop
a done commence en Orient peu apres la mort de Magas,
258, sous le regne d'Antiochus II, 264 — 247, quand les pro-
79 K. of Egypt, p. 47, n. 12—14, PI. IX, 4—6 ; p. 55, n. 86,
PI. XI, 9.
80 Polybe, V, 34, 36 ; Droysen, Gescli. d. Hellen. Ill, 2, p. 164,
165. Strack, Die Dynaxtie der Ptolemaeer, 1897, p. 194.
81 Mueller, n. 184, 189.
82 Justin, XLI, 4 ; Gardner, Num. Chron., 1879, p. 1, PI. I,
1 ; Cat. Brit. Mus, Bactria, p. xix, PI. I, 1 ; Head, Guide, 28,
15.
9 Num. Chron., 1879, p. 4, PI. I, 2 ; 1890, p. 33, 41 ; Head,
Guide, PI. 28, 15. Les vrais noms de ce satrape et de sa satrapie
ont ete reconnus par M. Marquart, qui, je 1'espere, publiera
bientot sa decouverte.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 225
vinces orientales du royaume des Seleucides se revolterent
presque toutes ^ et cette date me confirme dans Fopinion
que les stateres d'or de Gyrene sont a classer au regne de
Magas, d'autant plus qu'ils font suite aux stateres d'or de
Ptole'mee Soter au qwdrige d' elephants, dont quelques-
uns sont signes des memes magistrats IPPoKPA^^?) et
KAEA,85 en monogrammes, qu'on retrouve sur des bronzes
de Gyrene a la tete d^Apollon ou £ celle de Ptolemee
Soter.86
J. P. Six.
AMSTERDAM, Decembre, 1896.
84 Justin, XLI, 4 ; Strabon, XI, 9, 2, p. 515.
85 Mueller, SuppL, n. 365a ; Zeitschr. f. Numism., VII, 1880,
p. 314, T. IV ; ma coll. ; Catal. &* de D., 1889, n. 108, PI.
Ill ; Catal. Montagu, I, PL X, n. 782, II, PI. IV, 421.
86 Mueller, n. 362 vtgn. et ma coll. (variee) ; Cat. Brit. Mus.
K. of Egypt, p. 11, n. 95—98, cp. p. 10, n. 84—87.
XIII.
ON SOME COINS OF WILLIAM I. AND II.
FROM THE MONTAGU COLLECTION.
(See Plate X.)
SOME years ago, our late Yice-President, Mr. Montagu,
borrowed from me a coin of Harold II. on account of the
resemblance of its reverse to that of his unique penny of
William I. Some time afterwards he showed me a small
series of William pennies, six coins in all, and pointed out
to me that some of them were from identical dies. Mr.
Montagu had intended writing on these coins, as he at
least doubted their authenticity.
My attention was called to these pieces when they were
catalogued for sale, and I then had an opportunity of
studying them carefully. As my coin of Harold II. forms
the starting-point of the series, I shall describe it with
Mr. Montagu's coins and with some other pieces I have
been able to examine.
Coin No. 1. Harold II.
Obv. — Usual type, bust without sceptre. Legend + H AKOLD
KEX ANO.
Rev. — Usual type, with PAX across the field. Legend
+ LEOFVILD OM LEPE : [PI. X. 1.]
The coin is in bad condition, has been broken and partly
ON SOMK COINS OF WILLIAM I. AND II. 227
mended, and appears to have been more or less tooled.
Lewes, where the coin was struck, is not an uncommon
place of mintage, and Harold's predecessors and successors
had a mint in the town. The moneyer's name, however,
does not appear in any of the lists of money ers, although
I have carefully looked through those of all the reigns and
mints of the time. A point which at once invites remark in
this name Leofvild is the letter V. In this place the letter
must have the same sound as the modern V, but so far
as I know there was no distinction between V and U till
much later than the time of Harold II. As to the Y
representing half the W, the other half being omitted for
want of room, this supposition must also be negatived by
the fact that the name Leof wild does not figure in any
list. It is, moreover, very rare to find W on a Saxon
coin in place of P, and when it does occur it is only in
connexion with a Latinised name.
On looking through the coins of Harold II. in the
National Collection struck at Lewes, I noticed one piece,
found at Chancton and bearing the name of Leofward.
Between this coin and mine there is a most marked resem-
blance. The reverse legend begins in the same place, a
little out of the centre. The 0 of LEOF is on both
pieces filled in. The other four letters PARD of the
moneyer's name are not very clear, and a casual observer
might misread them, as the strokes of the letters appear in
much the same sort of relationship to each other as they
do in the YILD of my coin. In my piece, however,
straight strokes take the place of curved ones in the
original. The word OM in substitution for ON on both
pieces is also worthy of notice.
Coin No. 2. Numbered and figured as 224 in the sale
catalogue of the second portion of Mr. Montagu's coins.
228 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Obv. — Side face to right with sceptre, as Hawkins Fig. 239.
Rev. — As that of Harold II. 's coin, with P7VX across the
field. [PI. X. 2.]
The reverse is from the same die as the previous coin.
The two pieces bear identical marks where they have
not been more or less obliterated by bad treatment. As
an instance, the P of P7VX has a little hook on the inside
of the loop and three little dots, due to irregularities of
the die, inside the loop.
Coin No. 3. Same catalogue, No. 220.
Obv. — From the same die as the last.
Rev. — A cross pattee, with a trefoil ornament in each quarter
pointing inwards, as Hawkins, Fig. 239. Legend
+ LEEFVILD OM LEPE : [PL X. 3.]
The legend is from the same reverse die as the two
earlier coins, but the misformed 0 has been altered to an
E which stands out from the other letters. All the other
marks are the same ; OM is still retained.
Coin No. 4. Idem No. 248.
Obv. — From the same die as No. 3. The sceptre has heen
turned into a sword by the removal of the lateral
flours from the lis termination. A cross har below
has heen added. Also two tassels are now seen
hanging from the crown. The letter I has been
added after Rex.
Rev. — From the same die as No. 3. [PL X. 4.]
Coin No. 5. Idem No. 225.
Obv. — Same die as 2 and 3, that is, with sceptre.
Rev. — That of the ordinary Paxs type. Legend + LIFOBD
ON LINCO. [PL X. 5.]
ON SOME COINS OF WILLIAM I. AND II. 229
Coin No. 6. Idem No. 249.
Obv. — Same die as No. 4. There are, however, some slight
alterations ; the sword is longer.
Rev. — Same die as No. 5. [Pi. X. 6.]
Coin No. 7. Idem No. 226.
Obv. — Same die as No. 5.
Rev. — Also the same die as No. 5, but certain letters have
been altered, thus turning the legend into SIPOKD
ON PINEB. L and F of Liford are replaced by
S and P, and L and 0 of Linco by P and E.
This coin is said to have been found at Beaworth.
That the obverses of these coins, notwithstanding the
alterations, are from the same die there can be no doubt.
The expression, if such it can be called, of the King's face
is exactly the same on all of them. The position of the
crown, in relation to the words of the legend, is also the
same in all, and the little telltale dot at the base of the
sceptre is still visible when this symbol of power is
exchanged for a military one. Except the coin of
Harold II. all the above were in Mr. Montagu's collection
and realised large prices at his sale. Since that sale I
have been able to obtain other coins for examination,
which I now pass on to notice.
Coin No. 8 (kindly lent me by Mr. Bliss).
Obv. and Rev. from the same dies as No. 7. [PI. X. 7.]
The position of the obverse to the reverse is exactly the
same in both coins. This piece was formerly Mr. Webb's
and was sold at his sale.
Coin No. 9. Mr. H. 0. O'Hagan, the possessor of this
piece, was good enough to allow me to examine it ; it
was also a Webb coin.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. H H
230 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Obv. — Full face between two stars without circles.
Rev. — A cross voided over a cross the limbs of which termi-
nate in annulets ; an annulet in the centre. [PI.
X. 8.]
The obverse and reverse, in fact, are those of Hawkins,
Fig. 250, and are attributed to the end of "William II.
The legend which graces this reverse is the old one
LEEFVILD OM LEPE; and it was this legend which
induced me to ask Mr. O'Hagan to lend me the coin.
This penny is over-struck on a " Paxs " penny.
Coin No. 10.
Obv. — From the same die as No. 9.
Rev. — Also probably from the same die as No. 9. Legend
LIFDIN ON LESTE. [PI. X. 9.]
This is the coin I exhibited some time ago in connexion
with a paper on over- struck and altered dies. It is
struck over a " Paxs " penny. It was recalled to my mind
by Mr. O'Hagan's coin, and on examination, I regret to
say, I found the obverses certainly, and the reverses
probably, from the same dies. The uncertainty is due to
the confusion produced by the over-striking.
Coin No 11
Obv. — From the same die as Nos. 9 and 10.
Eev. — Also as Nos. 9 and 10. Legend GODAED PINKE,
struck over another coin, most probably a " Paxs "
penny. [PL X. 10.]
This coin I obtained at the sale of the late Mr. Nunn's
coins.
Coin No. 12.
Obv. and Rev. from same dies as the last three, but legend
SEPORD ON MALME ; also struck over another
coin. [Pl.X. 11.]
ON SOME COINS OF WILLIAM I. AND II. 231
From the Nunn Sale. I am enabled to describe and
show it through the kindness of Mr. Beady, the owner.
Having briefly described the coins, I must now refer to
some particular features about them all. I have shown
that LEOFYILD and LEEFVILD do not appear in the
lists of moneyers. The same holds good for L70DAED on
the last coin. As regards LIFORD, he was not a Lincoln
moneyer, but struck at Winchester, and his name was not
LIFOED but LIFJ70RD, and the J? always appears in his
name. The name of the moneyer SIPORD is correct for
Winchester, but he is only given in the list of the Beaworth
find as having struck on the ordinary " Paxs " pennies. I
have one of these, and the work is unusually rough, and
not in the least like the coin here described (No. 7). The
Beaworth list, moreover, does not contain any coin
answering to the description of this piece.
The lettering on all these pieces does not appear to me
to be quite the same as that met with on the ordinary
William coins. The strokes appear to join the uprights
much more, as in the modern fashion. I lay no stress
upon such a fact by itself, but I think it should have its
weight when circumstances compel us to look twice at a
coin.
It will be seen from the foregoing that there is a most
extraordinary connection between all these pieces, and the
question that immediately puts itself forward is that of
authenticity. Can all these pieces, struck from identical
dies, or parts of dies, have been made at the time of the
sovereigns whose names they bear, or do they proceed
from the laboratory of some person who has most seri-
ously misdirected his skilful fingers ? We have here
before us a problem which requires something more than
mere numismatic grounds to solve. Any one of the coins
232 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
taken by itself would never lead to the belief of concoc-
tion. I must say a few words about the Harold coin. I
obtained it with other coins, all genuine ones, in the early
days of my collecting, and I was rather surprised and
disgusted when it was declared false at the British
Museum. Mr. Montagu and others concurred in this
opinion, and it was not till this investigation was com-
menced that any change of opinion about the Harold coin
took place ; then it was looked upon as possibly a genuine
example, more or less altered by tooling and bad treat-
ment. Now as regards the obverse I have very little to
say, and it does not enter into the subject-matter of this
paper ; but the reverse, which is the reverse of Mr.
Montagu's unique penny, is most important. I think
there can be no doubt that the marks, or most of them,
which have been called tooling on my coin, are really
marks in the die, and the same marks appear on the
reverse of coin No. 2. This binds the first two coins
together, and all the others must be grouped with these,
as they all have been shown to be, one side or other, from
the same dies.
Now suppose all the coins are genuine, what follows ?
We have two new moneyers, or two spellings of the same
moneyer, for Lewes, viz., LEOFVILD and LEEFVILD.
The new moneyer has a most unusual letter Y in his
name. Besides that, LEEFVILD, who started work in
Harold II. 's time, had occasion to tool-mark his die. He
then struck a penny in William's time, with the same
reverse, but with an obverse of a much later period, and
then to this latter obverse he added reverses to suit it,
but he still used the old die letters for his name, viz.,
LEEFVILD OM LEPE. He ended his career, so far
as we know, by striking a coin at the end of William II. 's
ON SOME COINS OF WILLIAM I. AND II. 233
reign, with the old legend, and he struck it over a
"Paxs" penny. He also lent his dies to SIpORD, of
Winchester, and to LIFORD, of Lincoln, both of whom
used them for striking pennies, now of the highest rarity,
viz., the side-faced " Paxs " coins and the new type with
the sword instead of the sceptre. In William II.'s
time, again, his dies were used by LIFDIN, of Leicester,
who gives us LESTE, a contemporary spelling for
Leicester. SIpORD, of Malmesbury, and GODARD, of
Winchester, and all these moneyers, followed LEEF-
VILD'S example by striking over " Paxs " pennies.
GODARD's name is new to history. LIFORD, or, as
it should be, LIFpORD, is not known to have struck at
Lincoln, and the side-faced " Paxs " type by SIPORD,
of Winchester, though a most important coin, is not
mentioned in the list of the Beaworth find, though the
catalogue tells us it was found there. The use of coins,
also, as flans has to be considered. In the days when
very few coins were the yield of a pair of dies, one may
be quite sure that the preservation of the coin made at
such expense would be a first consideration, and any such
thing as an over-strike on a coin current in the realm
would be a proceeding to be avoided as being wasteful.
These moneyers, however, who used LEEFYILD's dies
all disregarded economy in using coins for their flans.
Now let us look briefly to the other side of the question,
and consider what we have to believe if these coins were
produced in modern times. Firstly, we must grant the
existence of an extremely clever engraver, who knew how
to copy ancient work most deftly, but did not excel as an
antiquary ; hence the mistakes in the names. Secondty,
we must agree that this engraver, in order to complete his
most masterly forgeries, used "Paxs" pennies on which
234 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
to strike, so that the ground-work and the edge should
defy detection. Under this supposition we can go a step
further, and say that the coins were made after Beaworth
times. Tii is will account for the absence of the Win-
chester side- face " Paxs" coin from the Beaworth list, and
also for the " Paxs" pennies which were used, and which
were of the greatest rarity before the great discovery in
1834, and it will also account for many of these pieces
having a long pedigree.
Of the two sides to this question I unhesitatingly give
my opinion in favour of forgery, as involving fewer
impossibilities than authenticity. Had the engraver only
stuck to known types and money ers, I believe these coins
would have defied detection.
This series is not the only example of its kind, and the
other one I can mention tells the same tale. In the Webb
Collection were three coins purporting to have been struck
by the Empress Matilda : one with a Scotch reverse, one
with a reverse of Henry I. (Hks. 255), and the third with
a reverse of the first type of Henry II. These pieces
were passed at the sale of Mr. Webb's coins as false, and
with them a coin of Henry I., which was from the same
reverse die as one coin of Matilda. The coin next to
this in the catalogue was from the same obverse die,
Henry I., and therefore obviously false ; but it defied the
detection of those present, and I believe was bought by
Mr. Montagu, and sold for a considerable sum at Mr.
Montagu's Sale. Here, then, is the same tale over again,
and the same wonderful work, and the same deception.
It was unhesitatingly condemned. Why, then, should
we withhold our condemnation from this series ?
L. A. LAWRENCE.
XIV.
ON A HOARD OF SHORT-CROSS PENNIES.
THE coins, some 574 in number, were kindly lent me
for description by Mr. Whelan. The hoard came from
France, and Mr. Whelan believed they had been un-
touched since their discovery. I have classified the whole
hoard in tabular form, and I shall therefore confine
myself to making some general observations on the
collection. With the exception of three coins, the hoard
consisted of short-cross pennies. All the five classes into
which Sir John Evans divides these coins are repre-
sented. Class L, attributed to Henry II., by two coins ;
Class II., those of Richard I., by 35 ; Class III. by 149 ;
Class IY. by 32 — these two classes being supposed to be
struck by John ; finally Henry III.'s, Class V., by 327
pieces. I am not so sure of the characteristics of Class
IY. as to be able to place definitely every coin of this
division. It has been left as an intermediate between
Classes III. and Y., and it is quite possible that some of
the coins given to these two classes should have been
included in Class IY. : the point, however, is of small
importance, and I only mention it on account of the seem-
ingly small number of coins in this class. We have,
then, in this hoard coins of all the short-cross varieties,
and one should expect from its completeness some further
236
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
evidence in reference to the old short-cross question, now
long set at rest. The evidence, happily, is all on one side,
viz., that of confirming most forcibly Sir John Evans's
views, as given in the volume of the Chronicle for 1865
(New Series, vol. v.). The mints represented in the find,
and the numbers of each mint and class, I now give in
tabular form.
Class . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Total.
iV of
Eccles
find.
Canterbury . . .
London ....
Chichester . . .
Exeter ....
York
1
5
18
5
32
95
2
2
3
22
8
156
147
215
269
2
2
8
227
264
8
2
9
Lincoln ....
Northampton . .
Norwich ....
Hula
St. Edmunds . .
Oxford ....
Winchester . . .
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
9
2
24
3
2
2
2
29
1
10
6
10
1
21
1
14
2 35 149 32 327 545
Illegible ... 26
Foreign ... 3
674
From this it will be seen that Canterbury and London
account for 215 and 269 coins respectively, upwards of
four-fifths of the whole. St. Edmundsbury follows with
29, Winchester with 10, York with 8, Lincoln with 3,
while 2 each come from Chichester, Exeter, Northampton,
Norwich, and Rula, and one only, and that doubtfully,
attributed to Oxford. A comparison with the Eccles
hoard, described in 1865, gives most curious results.
ON A HOARD OF SHORT-CROSS PENNIES. 237
There were 5,715 short-cross pennies, and the numbers
minted at places represented in this find were : —
Canterbury 2,278, London 2,643, St. Edmunds 212,
Winchester 142, York 96, Northampton and Norwich
together 105, Lincoln 58, Chichester 31, Exeter 19,
Rula 9, Oxford 13. This shows a hoard just ten times
as large as the present one, and the mints represented in
each, with one or two exceptions, are in the same propor-
tion. We may therefore conclude that the vast majority
of short-cross pennies were struck at Canterbury and
London.
One coin only in this hoard which bears the cross
botonny is that struck by TOMAS at Rula in Class II.
In Sir John Evans's list there are three coins of Rula
all bearing this mark, and all are of Class II. This would
seem to imply that the mark was in use before King
John's time, though the coins of Hula are the only ones
on which the cross botonny appears as early as Class II.
Of coins bearing ornamental letters Samuel of Canter-
bury and Ilger of London have both left us evidence of
their taste in one coin each. The e's and C's, the usual
letters, are those here characterized.
There are several moneyers' names of interest appear-
ing on some of the pieces ; thus, Johan B., Johan M.,
Joan Chic., Joan F. R., Robert Vi., Roger of R., and
William TA, have all left their names recorded on coins
of Canterbury in this hoard. Robert Vi. is a new name
or rather suffix. Ricard B. is accountable for two coins
of London.
The foreign coins, though only three in number, are
interesting from the fact that similar pieces were found
at Eccles.
Two are the ordinary coins of William the Lion,
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. I I
238 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
King of Scotland ; one is illegible, but had for the
moneyer the name RAVL ; the other, partly illegible,
gives the reverse legend .... 7VM : 0 : EOCC, and I sup-
pose was struck at Roxburgh.
The last coin is perhaps the most interesting piece
in the hoard — a sterling of the Emperor Otho IV.,
1208-1212.
• INPRSTOR, full-faced bust with sceptre.
.Sev.— * TE6CMONI .... eCGGCA (Dortmund). Short cross
with four pellets in each angle.
A coin of this type, found at Eccles, is figured in vol. v.,
New Series, PL XI., Fig. 11. Otho was King John's
nephew, and this type of his coin is of extreme rarity.
The time covered by the hoard is from A.D. 1180 to
some time before 1248, the great majority of the coins
being struck quite late in this period. Of the history of
the finding of these coins, or of their place of burial,
I can say nothing.
L. A. LAWRENCE.
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NOTICES OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS.
Nacktrdt/e und Berichtiffimyen zur Munzkunde der romischen
Republik, &c. Von M. Bahrfeldt. Wien, 1897.
The author of this work has taken as his basis Babelon's
Monnaies de la RepubUque romaine. His aim and object has been
to add any new material which he may have collected relating
to this section of Roman numismatics, and to correct any
errors of description or others which may be met with in
M. Babelon's work. Besides being a collector of Roman coins
for a period of over twenty-five years, Herr Bahrfeldt has
devoted much time and patience to the examination of nearly all
the public and private collections in Europe, a list of which is
given at the end of his volume. Naturally he has found new
material, and traced many errors of description. M. Babelon's
work was an immense advance on that of the late M. Cohen :
the latter is a catalogue; the former is the work of a
scholar. It is true that M. Babelon made some use of his pre-
decessor's descriptions, and also of his somewhat imperfect
illustrations; but his chronological arrangement, his notes, and
the history of the various moneyers, are in the main original,
and it is on these that the real value of his work is based. In
the midst of his arduous official duties M. Babelon was of course
obliged to limit his researches to public collections, and to such
private ones as were readily accessible. The task of searching
among the private collections generally could only be performed
by some one with a greater amount of leisure, and it is this
task which Herr Bahrfeldt has accomplished. The result is
that he has brought together a great deal of matter which
forms an excellent supplement to M. Babelon's work. Herr
Bahrfeldt has been most painstaking not only in checking M.
Babelon's descriptions, but in giving a good deal of information
concerning the publication of various pieces. We have no
intention to criticise the work, as it has beea done most con-
scientiously ; but we must say that, as a rule, Herr Bahrfeldt's
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. K K
246 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
corrections and emendations are not of any very great importance
Very often they are merely a discussion as to whether a do
should have been inserted or omitted between certain words, o)
as to whether the form of a letter is correctly given or a symbo
accurately described. The writer makes apparently very few
if any criticisms on the question of the chronology of the coins,
which is one of the chief merits of M. Babelon's work ; nor does
he discuss in any way M. Babelon's notes about the moneyers.
Preciseness is of the highest importance in numismatics, especi-
ally when coins are wanting in artistic interest, and there is no
lack of this in Herr Bahrfeldt's volume. No doubt when M.
Babelon issues a new edition of his work he will not fail to
consult that of his German colleague.
H. G.
Catalogue of the Coins of the Acluzan League. Compiled by
Major-General M. G. Clerk. London (Quaritch), 1895.
Major-General Clerk has produced, at very considerable
pains, a full catalogue of all the known coins of the Achaean
League, numbering no less than 443. As this is an increase
by 205 on the list published by Weil in 1882, the necessity of
a new list is apparent. The only new town to which a coin is
attributed is Lusi, in Northern Arcadia ; but a very large
number of new varieties are described. Most valuable are the
thirteen plates, containing, according to the author's statement,
311 coins ; although we are not sure that the black background
does not detract from the clearness of the details. There are
some useful lists of towns and names. We notice a number of
lapsus calami, such as KOPONEIA, Troezen, Percy Gar-
diner, ImhoffBliimer, Messine, ANAPIAAZ, XAEAPX,
(AY)ZIMA(KOZ) ; but there are none of any disturbing
force. Altogether numismatists owe a debt of gratitude to
Major-General Clerk, the more so as the subject which he has
taken up, although of great historical importance, is not one of
the most attractive branches of Greek numismatics.
G. F. HILL.
Minion's Numismatic Bibliography.
It is to the perseverance and diligence of one of our members,
Mr. Thomas Minton, that the Library of the Department of
Coins and Medals in the British Museum is indebted for a work
NOTICES OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS. 247
of reference the value of which to numismatists can be fully
appreciated only by those who are privileged to make use of it.
For many years past Mr. Minton has occupied his leisure
time in compiling a voluminous list of the numismatic works of
all countries which have appeared during the present century
down to the year 1893. This list includes not only books and
pamphlets published separately, but all the shorter papers,
memoirs, and notices which have been printed in the numerous
numismatic journals and reviews.
The number of entries exceeds thirteen thousand, alphabeti-
cally arranged under the authors' names, the works of each
author appearing in the order of the date of publication.
Perhaps the most generally useful portion of Mr. Minton's
work will be found to be the Index, which occupies a separate
volume by itself. It contains nearly three thousand names of
countries, cities, kings, dynasties, peoples, &c., ancient, Oriental,
and modern, who have issued coins, followed by a cross-refer-
ence to the names of the writers who have dealt with the
subject. Naval, military, religious, academical, and purely
personal medals are also included in Mr. Minton's exhaustive
Index.
It would, of course, be rash to assume that in a work of this
kind absolute completeness has been attained, and it is quite
possible that omissions might have been supplied, and that
many corrections in detail might have been made, if the
volumes had been placed in the printer's hands, and if the
proofs had been carefully revised.
It is to be regretted that no publisher has been found
willing to undertake the expense of printing a bibliography
of such colossal dimensions, and dealing with a single special
branch of science. Mr. Minton has therefore most liberally
presented his MS. to the Trustees of the British Museum,
where, in the Medal Room, it will be readily accessible to all
students.
B. V. H.
MISCELLANEA.
SAXON COINS FOUND NEAR HITCHIN.— During the great gale
of 1895 a number of elm-trees were uprooted in the district
around Hitchin, in some cases pulling up great masses of earth
attached to their roots. At a village a few miles to the north
of the town some labourers noticed some coins among the roots
of a tree that they were removing, but as they appeared to be
of base metal, no care was taken of them, and it was with diffi-
culty that I was able, to get together four out of the seven coins
which appear to have been found. They are all pennies, three
of Burgred and one of ^Ethelred I., and of the usual types.
(Ruding, PI. VII. 1 to 14, and PI. XV. 1 to 4.) The moneyers
of Burgred are EADNOD, TrVDHEEE, and LIAEVALD ; of
^thelred 1. BIAE1SCAH. I believe that I am right in reading
GVDHEEE, instead of the more ordinary GVDHEEE. The
penny of ^Ethelred appears to be of baser metal than the coins
of Burgred.
Looking at the circumstances under which these coins were
found, it seems extremely probable that the seven coins are
merely a sample, as it were, of a much larger hoard that is still
buried at the spot where once the elm- tree stood among the
roots of which they were found. But to make any further
examination, the spot must be identified, and this at present
seems impossible.
I take this opportunity of placing upon record the discovery
of four other Saxon coins at no very great distance from
Hitchin. Two of these are sceattas of the type Ruding, PL
II. 27, which were found near JSandy, Beds. The third is of
Offa, found at Ash well, Herts, moneyer EOBft, Ruding, PI.
IV. 14, and the fourth is of Alfred, found at Shillington, Beds,
type of Ruding, PL XV. 5, with EDVALD MONETA on the
reverse. This seems to be a scarce variety.
FRANK LATCHMORE.
TJNDESCRIBED PENNY OF KING JOHN. — Some little time ago I
came into possession of a abort-cross penny, which I was
MISCELLANEA. 249
unable to identify. During a recent visit to the British Museum
I showed it to Mr. H. Grueber, who kindly took the trouble to
look into the matter for me, and finally confirmed my opinion
that it was previously undescribed. I therefore record it in
these pages as follows, viz. : —
060.— IjffNEICCVS . . . etX ; front face with two curls
each side, cross above; sceptre to right.
Rev.— WILDECL ... ON Ltfll (Willelm, on Leicester ; in
earlier reigns LEU would have stood for Chester,
according to Montague's revision, but CE or CES
appears on Chester coins at this date); usual
small cross and double pellets in centre.
The coin is of the rough Henricus type usually ascribed to
King John. The four E's in the lettering are curiously formed,
thus fC ; the long termination to the central stroke of the E
almost gives the appearance of a double C.
WlLLOUGHBY GARDNER.
AN UNPUBLISHED COORG MEDAL. — This pewter medal, of
which an illustration is given, has lately been presented to me
by Henry Tyler, Esq., J.P., of Limavaddy, Ireland, who was
once in the Madras Artillery Corps. He procured it in the
Madras Presidency.
The medal is very rare. I know of no other specimen. It
weighs 417 grains, and is two inches in diameter.
250
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
In 1834 Raja Vera Rajendra Woodiar, Raja of the small
mountainous principality of Coorg in fcouthern India, broke
out into rebellion against the paramount power of the Honour-
able East India Company. The Raja is the most cruel character
in the pages of Indian history. His country was invaded by
four British columns ; two were successful, two were not so.
It was a short, sharp little campaign, which lasted only from
the 2nd to the 10th April, 1834, when the Raja surrendered.
He was sent a State prisoner to Benares. He had for children
two daughters: one he gave in marriage to Maharaja Jung
Bahadur of Nepal, and the other he sent to Her Majesty Queen
Victoria to be made a Christian of: she was the Princess
Victoria of Coorg who married Colonel Campbell of the Madras
army.
This medal was given to all his soldiery by the Raja previous
to the commencement of hostilities with the British-Indian
troops. The inscription on it is in Persian. Persian was the
diplomatic and Court language in India at that time.
Translated into English it runs thus : —
"0! Great God! I your humble servant do send this
man to war on the enemy, but in your protection and assistance
I alone put my trust.
" The punishment of all cowards is necessary."
Then below in Canarese is Sri, the name of his Hindu
divinity.
The Coorg country and the Coorg people are beautiful to a
degree.
GEO. G. PEARSE,
I General tt.H.A.
A LITTLE SILVER COIN OF EN NXsra, IMAM OP SAN'A, has
lately come into my possession from the Calvert Sale, and a
description of it may be of interest to collectors of Oriental
coins, as it corrects or completes the reading of the specimen
described and figured in the Brit. Mus. Catalogue of Oriental
MISCELLANEA. 25 L
Coins, vol. x., p. 76, No. 364d, and adds a new mint to the
list : it reads : —
*l»crf
411 A\ iBI ¥ jj ^JtLJI
^ ^ Jf
<dJ! J. *.UJ
L5-7 -•
Size -8 inch. Weight 28£ grains.
My coin is in very good preservation, which, judging by the
illustration, is not the case with the Museum specimen, and
reads distinctly in the third line of reverse tX-^s'* and mint jtuj,
Damar. This town is in Yemen, nearly due south of San'a", and
from the following quotations from Niebuhr and Abulfeda, for
which as well as for the attribution I am indebted to the kind-
ness of Dr. Codrington, it appears to have been a place of some
importance down to the close of the last century.
From Niebuhr, Description de I' Arable, p. 205 : •
•" Le Departement de Macthareb el anes.
" II est tres fertile en bled et le seul dans le domaine de
l'Imam ou Ton ait des haras bien fournis. II est situe entre
Sanhdn, Belldd anes et Jerwi. La capitale en est : jt«J Damar,
grande ville ouverte, situee dans une plaine a 12 lieues et
demie d'Allem. de Sana. On y voit une grande citadelle
et beaucoup de jolies maisons. Mais ce qu'il y a de plus re-
marquable a Damar, c'est une universite celebre, dans laquelle
il y a beaucoup d'etudians, surtout de Zeidites. Ici sont enterres
deux Imams, Om ed Dm et Mutdher, de la famille actuellement
r gnante a Kaukebdn."
From Abulfeda, translated by M. Reinaud, vol. ii., part i.,
p. 123:
" Dzamar (ou suivant 1'auteur du Lobab, Dzimar),appartient
a 1'Yemen, dans le premier climat. C'est une ville bien connue ;
c'est de la que plusieurs auteurs de traditions ont tire leur
origine. II est parle de cette ville dans 1'histoire de 1'Arabie."
SAM. SMITH, Junr.
MB. F. W. HASLUCK sends the following descriptions of
Roman denarii found near Cambridge, and forming part of the
hoard described by Mr. William C. Boyd, supra p. 119. It will be
seen from this list that there are amongst the coins three types
252 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
not mentioned by Mr. Boyd. These are distinguished by an
asterisk.
Elagabalus.
Cohen.
SPEI PERPETVAE .... 273
Sev. Alexander.
FIDES MILITVM 52
PMTRPV COS II PP . . . . 289
Julia Mamaea.
VESTA .0 81
Gordian III.
FELICIT TEMPOR .... 72
PMTRP IIII COS II PP . . . 253
PMTRP V COS II PP ... 266(2)
PROVID AVG 296
VICTORIA AETERNA .... 353
Philip Sen.
AEQVITAS AVGG* .... 8
FIDES EXERCITVS . . . .49
LAET FVNDAT(?)* .... 72
SAECVLVM NOWM* .... 200
(Hexastyle temple.)
JW. Own,. Ser.m. Kl.IWLPL MI.
COINS OF RHEGIUM.
Num. Chron. Ser.M TvlIVlLPl.lX.
8
10
MONNAIES GRECQUES INEDITES ET INCERTAINES.
Nwn.Ckwn Ser.JJI, Vol. KWI.PII.
/rT^~^~
^§>.
/fef®ie
COINS OF HAROLD II & WILLIAM I & II.
XV.
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS.
(See Plates XI— XIV.)
I HAVE already, on three former occasions, given to
the Society an account of coins, added to my collection,
which, from their interest, beauty, or rarity, it appeared
desirable to bring under the notice of our members. In
this paper I propose to continue that record.
I commence, as I have before done, with coins in
electrum, among which will be found some new and
important types in the large and, apparently, not yet
exhausted series of Cyzicus.
CYZICUS.
1. Obv. — Female head r., wearing necklace with acorn
pendant in front, earring, stephane and corn-
wreath. Hair behind confined by a veil, tied at
the back of head and projecting behind, and in
front of, neck. Beneath, tunny r.
Rev. — Mill-sail incuse, lined.
EL. 246-5 grs. [PI. XL 1.]
The head, which is not surpassed in beauty by any of
the female heads on the coins of Cyzicus, is probably of
Demeter, though it may equally well be assigned to Kore.
A figure of Demeter has already occurred on a stater,
and was published in the Chronicle, 3rd Series, vol. x.,
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. L L
254 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
PL III. 2. The two dies may be the work of the same
engraver, as may also be the beautiful head of Aphrodite
(Electrum Coinage of Cyzicus, PL II. 11), and that of
Poseidon (/. c., PL I. 5).
2. Obv. — Male figure, which may be bearded, wearing
chlamys, restraining a horse r., which he holds by
the reins in his right hand. Beneath, tunny r.
Eev. — Mill-sail incuse, granulated.
EL. 247-2 grs. [PL XI. 3.]
This stater, hitherto, like the last, unpublished, belongs
to the best period of the monetary art of the State, and is
the work of an engraver of high merit. The modelling
and action of the figures are alike admirable, and the com-
position is equally well balanced and effective. The male
figure wears a headdress, made indistinct by a flaw of the
die, which has thin lines projecting from it, and which
does not look like a kausia. To the same flaw may be
attributed the appearance of the figure having a beard.
If the projecting lines could be interpreted as rays, the
design might be that of Helios about to harness one of his
horses, but this can scarcely be accepted as a possible
explanation of the type. It probably represents some hero
connected with the legendary history of the place.
8. Obv. — Forepart of winged deer, running, 1. ; beneath,
tunny 1.
Rev. — Mill-sail incuse, plain.
EL. 247-6 grs. [PL XL 2.]
A hecte of this stater was published and engraved in
the Electrum Coinage of Cyzicus, No. 128, PL V. 22,
where the animal was wrongly described as a horse,
ON SOME RAKE GREEK COINS. 255
though Professor Gardner had then suggested that it was a
deer. There can be no doubt that one of the deer tribe
is represented, for, apart from the general form, which is
sufficiently characteristic, there is the appearance of a
short horn in front of the ear.
4. Obv. — Naked youth, right, but with body facing, strangling
two serpents, which he grasps in either hand by
the head. Beneath, tunny r.
Rev. — Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 40-7 grs. [PL XI. 4.]
The type is a new one at Cyzicus, though a somewhat
similar subject, where the two brothers are represented,
has been published in Electrum Coinage of Cyzicus, No. 63,
PL III. 14. The same representation of Herakles and the
serpents occurs on the coinage of several places, and
notably on the alliance coins of Samos, Ephesus, Cnidus,
lasus, and Rhodes, struck after the battle of Cnidus, B.C.
394. On a beautiful gold stater of Lampsacus, copied no
doubt from one of Cyzicus, the subject is treated in a very
similar way. The work of the Lampsacene artist, both in
grouping and modelling, is inferior, however, to that of
the Cyzicene engraver.
5. Obv. — Youthful, beardless, male head 1., wearing a peculiar
headdress (-TrtXtov), wreathed with laurel. Beneath,
tunny 1.
Rev. — Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 40-1 grs. [PL XI. 5.]
The headdress is very similar to that on a stater
engraved, PL III. 21, in Electr. Coinage of Cyzicus, where
the person whose head is represented may be identified
256 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
with Odysseus. The head on this hecte cannot, however,
be of the aged wandering seafarer, nor can it, with any
probability, be attributed, unless it be of one of the
Dioskouroi.
6. Obv. — Youthful male head 1. ; hair curled. Behind, tunny
downwards.
Rev. — Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 41-6 grs. [PL XI. 6.]
This, a hecte of the poorly preserved stater described in
Electr. Coinage of Cyiicus, No. 79, PI. III. 32, is in a
sufficiently good state to exhibit the features and hair
perfectly. It belongs to the earlier coinage of the State,
and is of very good workmanship. There is nothing
sufficiently characteristic about it to allow of its being
attributed. Another and similar hecte (40 '1 grs.) is in
the collection of Dr. "Weber.
7. Obv. — Naked, winged, male figure, with apparently the
head and back fin of a dolphin, flying 1. He
holds a tunny by the tail in the left hand, and a
club or some other object, over the shoulder, in
the right.
Rev. — Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 20-2 grs. [PL XI. 7.]
This twelfth was published in Elecir. Coinage of Cyzicus,
No. 60, PI. III. 11, from a badly struck coin in the
British Museum. The present coin, which is in good
condition, gives the type much more distinctly, though
the head and the objects near it are not so clear that they
can be identified with certainty. The subject is quite
incapable of being explained.
ON SOME RAKE GREEK COINS. 257
8. Olv. — Harpy, flying left, the wings spread above and
below the body. In front of each wing and over-
lying it is a tunny 1.
Eev. — Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 20-3 grs. [PI. XI. 8.]
The type of this twelfth is a novel representation of a
harpy on the coinage of Cyzicus, though the creature is
found otherwise and variously treated on staters, hectae,
and twelfths.
9. Obv. — A figure to r., with the head of a hippopotamus,
and bird's wings and tail, holding a tunny upright.
Or, a winged monster with lion's head and fore-
paw, and a bird's foot and tail, holding a tunny
upright by the tail.
Rev. — Roughly formed mill-sail incuse.
EL 39-3 grs. [PI. XI. 9.]
This early hecte, though a little rubbed, is well enough
preserved to allow the details to be made out with some
degree of certainty. The head appears to be that of a hip-
popotamus, and the breasts and projecting belly are, to me,
quite apparent. All these are attributes of the Egyptian
deity Thoueris (Ta — urt), and the figure has a striking re-
semblance to the well-known representations of the goddess.
It may seem unlikely that such a subject should occur
on a coin of Cyzicus, but that commercial city was so
much in the habit of copying the coins of other states,
and using subjects otherwise connected with them, as
to make it by no means impossible that an Egyptian
deity should be found among its coin types.
It may, however, as Mr. Head maintains, be a lion-
headed winged monster, and, if so, a subject at present
quite inexplicable.
258 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
10. Obv. — Head of ram 1., with a trifid object and a line
projecting from it behind; above it, a tunny
Rev.— Mill- sail incuse.
EL. 41-7grs. [PL XI. 10.]
Obv. — Similar head and tunny.
Eev. — Mill- sail incuse.
N. 129-6. [PL XI. 12.]
These two coins, a hecte and a twelfth, have a type
hitherto unknown on the Cyzicene coinage, though a
ram itself, the forepart of one, and a ram's head joined to
that of a lion, are already known. The projection behind
the head, which would probably have appeared on the
twelfth, had not that part of the type been off the Jlan,
may possibly be a flower.
The twelfth is below the normal weight, but it has
been filed down to fit into a ring or some other ornament.
LAMPSACUS.
Obv. — Head of Hermes L, wearing petasos.
Rev. — Forepart of winged horse r. in shallow square
incuse.
EL. 16-3 grs. [PL XI. 11.]
This very beautiful head of Hermes was probably copied
from a somewhat similar head on a stater of Cyzicus.
The god is here represented with short hair, in which
respect the head differs from the Cyzicene prototype, as
also it does in not having the herald-staff as an accom-
paniment. This is not the only instance in which the
engraver-artists of Lampsacus copied the works of the die-
sinkers of Cyzicus, just as Cyzicus reproduced the types
of other States on its coinage. As examples of this practice
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 259
the heads of Actaeon and Odysseus and Herakles strangling
the serpents may be noted.
A coin from the same dies is in the Cab. des Medailles,
Paris, once in the collection of the late M. Waddington.
PHOOEA.
1. Obv. — Bearded head 1. ; hair short.
Eev. — Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 88-8 grs. [PL XL 13.]
Though there is no appearance of a seal, the place
where it would have been being off the flan, there can be
no doubt the coin is of Phocsea and unpublished. The
head, which is noble in its expression, and artistically of
fine treatment, cannot be identified. The absence of a
wreath seems to preclude it from being the head of
a deity, and it is of too early a date to be a portrait.
2. Obv. — Lion crouching 1. ; above it, a seal to 1.
Rev. — Irregularly formed mill-sail incuse.
EL. 39-8 grs. [PI. XI. 14.]
This early hecte of Phocsea appears to be hitherto
unpublished. There is nothing to be remarked about the
type — one not uncommon on the coinage of many States.
3. Obv. — Three seals swimming in a circle, and slightly
overlapping each other. Behind the back of two
of them is a pellet ; the place where there was
probably a third is off the flan. At the centre is
a similar pellet. Circle of dots.
Rev. — Square incuse containing irregular raised markings.
EL. 39-6 grs. [PI. XI. 15.]
A remarkable coin of a somewhat debased Phocaic
standard, most probably belonging to Phocaea, though
the incuse is not the usual one. The circle of dots is an
260 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
uncommon feature upon the early electrum coinage, but
is found on a half stater of the Milesian standard, which
has a floral device on the obverse. (B. M. Cat., Ionia,
No. 2, PL I. 2.) This hecte, now first published, was
issued, if we may judge from the style of its work, about
the beginning of the fifth century B.C. The position of
the seals appears to suggest revolution, and, equally with
the wheel and other similar forms, the type may, perhaps,
be regarded as a sun emblem. Some might call the
pellets stars, and view the whole arrangement as the sun
revolving in the starry vault of heaven.
4. Obv. — Goat kneeling 1. Above, seal 1.
Rev. — Irregularly shaped mill-sail incuse.
EL. 39-6 grs. [PI. XL 16.]
A hecte of Phocaea, identical in every respect with the
coin of Cyzicus of the same denomination, engraved in
Electrum Coinage of Cyzicus, PI. V., 28, except in having
the seal above, instead of the tunny beneath.
Another specimen of the hecte was in the Ivanoff
Collection (Sale Cat., Lot 159= Brandis, p. 396 ; weight
40 grains).
MILETUS.
Obv. — Lion recumbent to 1., the head, with open mouth,
turned back, and apparently roaring, placed
within an oblong frame, divided into squares by
a series of two thin lines.
Rev. — Three incuses, the central oblong, the others
square, all with cusped edges. The oblong one
contains an animal, like a fox. standing 1. ; the
four pellets connected by lines in front of it are a
separate punch mark. One square contains a
stag's head r., the other five pellets, arranged
from the central one in a cross form, by a joining
of thin lines.
EL. 212-4 grs. [PI. XL 17.]
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 261
An early stater of pale electrum, probably of Miletus.
A similar coin has been published from the collection of
the British Museum in the B. M. Cat., Ionia, PL III. 5,
which, however, has the lion in a reversed position, and
placed within a double frame, with some looped markings
above and behind the lion. M. Babelon (Revue Numis-
matique, 3rd Ser., vol. xiii., PL VI. 4) has published
another stater, quite similar to that now under notice,
from the Cabinet des Medailles, Paris, as well as two
tritae and the fourth of a stater of the same issue. In
the British Museum is a half-stater identical in types
with the stater in the same collection (1. c. PL III. 6).
The attribution to Miletus is confirmed by the type
being the same as that used in later times on its silver
money, where in some instances, however, only the fore-
part of the lion is represented. The stellate object on
the silver coins may possibly be a development of the
united pellets on the electrum coin, and with the same
significance in each case. It is probable that the
whole series of electrum coins, which have the three
incuses, one oblong and two square, on the reverse,
were minted at Miletus, as has been suggested by M.
Babelon in his very valuable essay, " Etudes sur les
Monnaies primitives d'Asie Mineure," in the Revue
Numismatique. A stater (219 grs.) with the same reverse
as the present coin, and with a striated surface on the
obverse, was published by M. Fran9. Lenormant (An-
nuaire de la SocieU Franp. de Numismatique, vol. iv., p. 171,
No. 1) from a coin he saw at Smyrna in 1860.
EUBOIC STANDARD.
Obv. — An object which has somewhat of the appearance
of a silphium plant, with what look like animal
forms on each side.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. M M
262 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — Square incuse with irregular markings, which sug
gest a representation of some form.
EL. 44-6 grs. [PI. XI. 18.]
Obv. — Similar.
Eev. — Similar.
EL. 44-2 grs. [PI. XI. 19.]
Two specimens, from different dies, of a class of elec-
trum coins which have already been described but never
interpreted. (See Head, " Metrological Notes," Num.
Chron., N.S., vol. xv., p. 274 ; B. M. Cat., Coins of Ionia,
PL II. 16 ; Babelon, Revue Numis., 3rd Ser., vol. xii.,
PI. III. 5, 6.)
It is unlikely that the object represented, if indeed any
special one was attempted, should be a silphium plant,
and the coins probably belong to a time before there was
any coinage at Gyrene. At the same time it is difficult
to believe that dies should have been executed which it
was not intended should have any definite device upon
them. That something more than mere indeterminate
marks was meant to be represented appears to be pro-
bable on account of the coins presenting a similar de-
vice, and yet being struck from different dies. The
same thing may be said of the markings within the
incuse of the reverse, and were the imagination allowed
free play, many forms, animal and otherwise, might
suggest themselves.
PHOOAIC STANDABD.
1. OJV. — Bifrontal head ; male, with animal ears and long
beard, to r., female to 1. No neck to the heads.
Rev. — Square incuse containing markings, which pro-
bably are representations of four Swasticas.
EL. 19-2 grs. [PI. XI. 20.]
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 263
An interesting and well-executed archaic coin, with the
heads of a Satyr and a Nymph. A similar subject, but
treated differently, occurs on a hecte of Cyzicus (Electr.
Coinage of Cyzicus, No. 47, PI. II. 25).
2. Obv. — Human thigh, leg, and foot, naked, to r.
Rev. — Square incuse, divided into four quarters by two
lines crossing each other diagonally.
EL. 10-1 grs. [PI. XI. 21.]
This very extraordinary coin, a twenty-fourth of the
Phocaic standard, has not hitherto occurred in electrum,
though a silver coin of the same type is known (see recent
acquisitions of the British Museum, Numismatic Chronicle,
3rd Series, vol. x. p. 329, PL XIX. 21).
It is impossible to attribute it to any place, or to
interpret its meaning, but, together with the silver coin,
it no doubt belongs to some town on, or near to, the west
coast of Asia Minor.
3. Obv. — Fore part of horse galloping, to 1.
Rev. — Mill- sail incuse.
EL. 37 grs. [PI. XI. 22.]
This early hecte, though much below the normal weight,
is probably of the Phocaic standard. It cannot be
assigned with any certainty to Phocaea, there not being
any remains of a seal clearly visible. The horse, though
not so rudely represented as that on the primitive silver
coins of the -ZEginetic standard, which have been attri-
buted, though on quite insufficient grounds, to Cyme, is
very similar to that on this coin.
The incuse, of the mill-sail pattern, though somewhat
irregular in form, might point to Cyzicus or Phocaea as
264 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the place of mintage, both of which used the Phocaic
standard, and there is some indication of marks behind
the head which may possibly be the remains of a tunny
or of a seal.
4. Obv. — Bull or cow r. , with head turned back.
Rev. — Square incuse, containing markings, which assume
somewhat of a cross form.
N. lOgrs. [PL XI. 23.]
This pretty little coin, which, on account of its colour,
appears to be of gold, is a twenty-fourth of the Phocaic
standard. It is noted, but without being figured, by
M. Babelon in Revue Numismatique, 3rd Ser., vol. xiii.
p. 41, but is not assigned by him to any place.
A well-known electrum stater of the Milesian standard,
once attributed to Samos, but now, together with other
staters of the same weight, colour, and incuse of the
reverse, given, with some probability, by M. Six, to Chios,
has upon it the fore-part of a bull, with reverted head.
With the exception of this twenty -fourth and the stater
just mentioned, I do not know of any early gold or
electrum coin which has for its type a bull, either the
whole or in part, with the head in that position. The
head and neck of a bull is a common type on the silver
money of Samos, and Mr. Head (B. M. Cat., Ionia, p. 349,
PI. III. 23) has classed, but with a note of doubt, an
electrum forty-eighth of the Phocaic standard to that
state. There is, however, no evidence of the use of the
Phocaic standard at Samos, and the two coins — that now
under notice and that in the British Museum referred to
above — must at present remain among the uncertain of
Asia Minor.
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 265
5. Obv. — Dog, lying curled round, asleep, to r. (?)
jR#v. — Irregularly shaped incuse.
EL. 20-8 grs. [PL XI. 24.]
This twelfth of the Phocaic standard, hitherto unpub-
lished, cannot be attributed, though it belongs, no doubt,
to some place on the west coast of Asia Minor.
A dog occurs in various fashions on the electrum
coinage of Cyzicus, but not in the way here represented.
6. Obv. — Fibula upon a raised disk.
Rev. — Square incuse, containing markings which assume
something of the form of a Maltese cross.
EL. 42-2 grs. [PI. XI. 25.]
A hecte, of the full weight of the Phocaic standard,
hitherto unpublished. The type is a most remarkable
and quite novel one among the many and varied subjects
on the large series of Greek coins. To what place it
belongs, and what explanation of it may be given, it is
hard to say. It probably has reference to some legend
which is now unknown. Had the story of Jason and the
loss of his sandal been forgotten, the occurrence of a sandal
on the coins of Larissa would have been quite inexplicable.
The beads, large and small, strung on the bow of the
fibula, were on the original dress-fastener probably made
of bronze, glass, or amber, though the latter material,
commonly used at an early time in Italy, was not frequent
in Asia Minor. In the collection of the British Museum
is a fibula, very similar in form to that on the coin, from
Camirus, which has bronze beads on it. In early times
it was a not unusual thing to offer fibulae in the temples,
and it may be that the hecte was struck as a representa-
266 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
tive of a fibula and offered in its place. This does not,
however, appear to be a very satisfactory explanation.
7. Obv. — A flower (?) represented by a central pellet and six
others, of different sizes, round it. It is sur-
rounded -by what has somewhat the appearance
of leaves.
Rev. — An irregular-shaped incuse, with two raised lines
crossing diagonally within it.
EL. 5-3 grs. [PI. XI. 26.]
8. Obv. — A cup-shaped object.
Eev. — Square incuse, with raised markings within it,
EL. 2-3 grs. [PI. XI. 27.]
The type of both of these small electrum coins, a forty-
eighth and ninety-sixth of, apparently, the Phocaic stan-
dard, is not easy of explanation, though that of the first is
either a flower or a lion's head, r. Nor can they be classed
except to some place on the west coast of Asia Minor.
They were found together in the island of Imbros.
MILESIAN STANDARD.
1. Obv. — Fore part of lion to 1., with fore-leg outstretched,
and open mouth. In front of the mouth are some
marks which may be letters, and beyond them
undefined markings.
Eev. — Oblong incuse, divided into two equal parts.
EL. 36 grs. [PI. XII. 1.]
This hecte of the Milesian standard appears to be of the
same issue as the coins attributed by M. Six to Alyattes,
King of Lydia, in a paper in the Num. Chron., 3rd Ser.,
vol. x., and described by M. Babelon, Rev. Num., 3rd
Ser., vol. xiii., p. 317. The letters, if such they are, in
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 267
front of the lion's mouth have been read into
but it would be hazardous to resolve the markings on this
hecte into those letter forms.
2. Obv. — Lion's head to 1.
Rev. — Square incuse, with rounded corners, filled with
irregular markings.
EL. 18-2 grs. [PL XII. 2.]
A twelfth of the Milesian standard, having upon it a
rude representation of a lion's head. Above the head are
remains of what may be letters, but they may equally
well be part of a wreath ; another part of which, if it be a
wreath, may be seen behind the head.
3. Obv. — Lion's head to r.
Eev. — Square incuse, with rounded corners.
EL. 6-1 grs. [PL XII. 3.]
It is not easy to say with certainty what is the object
represented. On the whole it appears to be the head
of a lion seen in profile to r., the eye and ear being
sufficiently apparent, as also are the mouth and jaws.
4. Obv. — Lion's head adv., within a linear square.
Rev. — Square incuse.
EL. 8-3 grs. [PL XII. 4.]
A twenty-fourth, probably of the same issue as the
stater, 219'5 grs., B. M. Cat., Coins of Ionia, PL I. 1 ; the
trite, 727 grs., Num. Chron., 3rd Ser., vol. ii., PL VIII. 2,
and the hecte, 35 '3 grs., Num. Chron., 3rd Ser., vol. xiii.,
PL VII. 10.
268 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
5. Obv. — Bull's head, adv.
Rev. — Square incuse, irregularly divided.
EL. 10-5 grs. [PI. XII. 5.]
The type is one belonging to Eretria, but as it is very
doubtful if in early times electrum coins were struck by
any place outside Asia Minor, the coin probably belongs
to some town on the western sea-coast of that country.
6. Obv. — Ram's head 1.
Rev. — Square incuse, containing irregular markings in
relief.
EL. 36-2 grs. [PI. XII. 8.]
7. Obv. — Ram's head r.
Rev. — Irregularly shaped incuse, containing markings in
relief.
EL. 9-5 grs. [PI. XII. 7.]
8. Obv.— Ram's head 1.
Rev. — Square incuse, containing irregular markings.
EL. 82-4 grs. [PL XII. 6.]
These early coins of the Milesian standard, two hectae
and a twenty-fourth, have upon them the well-known
type of the silver pieces of Cebren, which are identified
as belonging to that place, by having upon them the
letters KEBP. They have not been engraved before,
though Brandis, p. 389, published the two first from
these identical coins. Another (8*8 grs.) is noted in B. M.
Cat., Coins of Ionia, p. 5, No. 17, and M. Six has referred
to two, one 66*2 grs., the other 10'2 grs., in his own collec-
tion (Num. Chron., 3rd Ser., vol. x. p. 47a).
M. Babelon, in "Etudes sur les Monnaies primitives
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 269
d'Asie Mineure" (Rev.Numis., 3rd Ser., vol. xiii. p. 29),
is inclined to class these and other similar coins to
Clazomenae. He thinks that Cebren, situated, as it was,
at a distance from the sea, was not likely to have had an
early electrum coinage. Some of the coins he refers to
are of the Phocaic standard, and may very possibly belong
to Clazomenae ; but the coins now under notice, as well
as the twenty -fourths in the British Museum and the
Bibliotheque, are of the Milesian standard. It does not
seem probable that any place would issue, at the same
time and of the same metal, coins of different standards,
unless there was, as in the case of the gold coins attributed
to Croesus, a special reason for such a practice being
adopted. There was nothing in the commercial position
of Clazomenae to induce the state to use at the same time
two different weight systems in its coinage. It will be
better not to attribute these coins to Cebren or any other
place, but to leave them among the uncertain coins of the
western part of Asia Minor.
The third coin is later in date than the other two, and
is of much less than normal weight.
9. Obv. — Fish to r.
Rev. — Square incuse, divided into four parts, each con-
taining irregular markings.
EL. 9-6 grs. [PL XII. 9.]
The coin appears to be a twenty-fourth of the Milesian
standard. The fish, probably a tunny, has the fins, which
are more in number than they should be, represented by
long, thin tentacles, corresponding in their exaggerated
size to that of the eye and tail. The markings within
the divisions of the incuse present much the same appear-
ance as the fins.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. N N
270 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Had the weight allowed the coin to be considered of
the Phocaic standard, it would naturally have been classed
to Cyzicus, and, though it falls more readily into the
Milesian standard, it may be a rather light Phocaic
twenty-fourth.
TARENTUM.
Obv. — Head of Hera, wearing stephane, earring and
necklace ; hair rolled in front and flowing long
behind.
fiev. — Taras, naked, seated to front, with head turned to
r., holding a distaff in his r. hand and a ball in
his 1. Beneath, dolphin. TAPA^.
N. 21-5 grs. [PI. XII. 10.]
A very beautiful coin of about the end of the fourth
century B.C. It is published in Carelli (1850), p. 40,
PL GUI. 9, and is noticed by Mr. Arthur J. Evans in
the " Horsemen of Tarentum " (Num. Chron., 3rd Series,
vol. ix., p. 91). The coin which he describes cannot have
been in good condition, for the object held by Taras in his
left hand is clearly a ball, and not, as Mr. Evans suggests,
a wreath. Mr. Evans regards the head as being of
Persephone. It is figured also by Dressel, Bcschreibung
(Berlin Museum), vol. iii., Pt. 1, Italy, PL X. 161.
The present specimen formerly belonged to Mr. H.
Montagu, who published it in Num. Chron., 1892, p. 22.
METAPONTUM.
ObVf — Female head L, wearing necklace of beads with
pendant, and earring. Hair waved over fore-
head and bound with fillet. In front of face a
cross-headed torch. AAM A.
Rev. — Ear of corn with leaf. M ET A-
M. 124 grs. [PI. XII. 11.]
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 271
A head quite similar to that of Homonoia on another
didrachm (Brit. Mm. Cat., Italy, p. 244, No. 59), and
probably by the same artist. It is catalogued by Mionnet,
vol. i., p. 158, No. 553, who gives the letters as AAA.
On the coin under notice the third letter has the form of
A, the other part of M being merged in the stem of the
torch, and after the second A is the bottom of what, no
doubt, is T. Two coins figured in Caretti (ed. 1850),
PL CLII. 68, 69, have the legend AAMATHP.
The head is of Demeter, and makes a seventh head on
the coinage of Metapontum to which the name is attached,
the others being Apollo, Nike, Hygieia, Homonoia,
Leukippos, and Tharragoras, which M. Imhoof-Blumer
suggests may be a surname of Ares, but which would
equally well suit some Metapontine hero.
CROTON.
Obv. — Tripod-lebes, with three handles ; in field, to r., a
crab ; to 1., ^ <p : circle in relief, upon which is
a line of dots.
Rev. — Tripod incuse, the handles in relief; in field, to 1.,
a dolphin downwards, in relief ; to r. <J <p :
circle of dots ; within, a plain circle.
M. 109-5 grs. [PI. XII. 12.]
This didrachm, which is much below the normal weight,
possesses the peculiarity of having on each side only the
two first letters, <?[>, of the place name. Among the
very large number of coins of Croton described in Caretti,
and among those in the collection of the British Museum,
and in all the sale catalogues I have seen, there, is not
one which has a smaller number of letters upon it than
the first three.
272 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
OELA.
Obv. — Fore-part of man-headed bull, swimming r., wear-
ing a wreath of laurel round the shoulders.
C EAA.
Rev. — Quadriga r., driven by a charioteer, who wears a
long chiton, and holds the reins in both hands.
Beyond the horses is the meta in the form of an
Ionic column. Border of dots.
JR. 252-6 grs. [PI. XII. 13.]
This tetradrachm, which has the bull very largely,
though somewhat coarsely, treated, and with the unusual
addition of a wreath, is engraved, but very inadequately,
in Torremuzza, Auctuarium ii., PL II. 4. The peculiar
treatment of the bull seems to warrant a more accurate
rendering of the coin being given.
LBONTINI.
1. Obv. — Male beardless head r., wearing a wreath of laurel,
in three rows ; the hair is crisply curled in a
mass behind. At the back of the head is a spray
of laurel, with one leaf and a berry. Border of
dots.
Rev. — Lion's head r. ; around are three grains of barley,
and beneath, a fish r. V EO/V T I N Q N.
JR. 267 grs. [PI. XII. 14.]
The head of Apollo is here treated in a somewhat
unusual manner, and the features and expression are,
perhaps, scarcely characteristic of the god. The treat-
ment, however, is bold and striking. A coin similar to
this is figured in Torremuzza, PL XXXIX. 3, but the
head is very badly engraved.
2. Obv. — Male beardless head r., with hair short, wearing a
wreath of laurel in three rows. Behind the head
is an ivy spray. Border of dots.
ON SOME RARE GREEK COmS. 273
Rev. — Lion's head r., surrounded by three grains of barley,
and beneath a fish r. V E O N T\N ON.
M. 268-6 grs. [PI. XII. 15.]
A coin first published by Mr. Arthur J. Evans in Num.
Chron., 3rd Ser. vol. xvi. PL IX. 4. It represents Apollo
as youthful, but quite masculine in character ; the face is
well modelled and noble in expression.
The ivy spray in connection with Apollo is to be
remarked.
It is reproduced here for comparison with the preceding
coin.
SYRACUSE.
Obv. — Female head r., wearing earring and broad necklace,
with a string of pearls upon it. The hair is rolled
over the ampyx across the forehead. Around
three dolphins r. ^YPAKO^IO/V.
Rev. — Quadriga 1., driven by charioteer, holding reins in
both hands and goad in r. Nike flying 1. and
about to crown the horses. In exergue, pistrix 1.
Border of dots.
M. 268-2 grs. [PI. XII. 16.]
The head on this hitherto unpublished coin has an
almost masculine appearance, and one quite unlike any
other of the very numerous and varied representations of
a female head upon the coins of Syracuse.
ABDERA.
1. Obv. — Griffin, with curled wing, seated r., the r. fore-paw
raised. In field to 1. a mussel shell. A BAH PI
T EQN. Border of dots.
Eev.— Linear quadripartite square, around which EPIP
Y0 INN EH. All in shallow square incuse.
M. 224-8 grs. [PI. XIII. 1.]
274 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This tetradrachm of the Asiatic standard and the
following one of the JEginetic standard appear to be
unpublished. The occurrence of the state name on the
obverse, together with that of the magistrate on the
reverse, is unusual on coins of Abdera of the period to
which this belongs, though it is common on those of a
later date and of a different standard.
2. Obv. — Griffin, with pointed wing, rearing 1. Border of dots.
Rev. — Male figure standing 1., wearing chlamys over the
shoulders, and holding a patera in his extended
r. hand, and a branch of laurel in the 1. Shallow
square incuse. EPIAPOAA A OZ (?)
M. 188-4 grs. [PI. XIII. 2.]
The figure of Apollo is well designed and modelled,
though there still remain traces of archaic treatment.
There is a play of words between the subject of the type
and the name of the magistrate — an incident which occurs
on other coins of Abdera.
AENUS.
Obv. — Head of Hermes r., wearing petasos, with an
encircling row of beads.
Rev. — Goat walking r. ; in front a naked child seated and
holding an ivy spray in his r. hand up to the
mouth of the goat. AINI. In square incuse.
M. 244-9 grs. [PI. XHI. 3.]
This tetradrachm has already been published and figured
from the present coin by Mr. Seltmann in Zeitschrift fiir
Numism., vol. xiv. p. 287. It belongs to a period between
that of the earlier and more frequent coins, which have the
face in profile, and that where the face is seen in front.
The hair has not the stiffness of the earlier coins and is
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 275
more flowing, and the face is softer in expression and of a
more advanced artistic treatment. The adjunct of the
youthful Dionysos, holding up the ivy to the goat, is very-
charming.
DICAEA.
Obv. — Cow standing r., turning back her head, and
scratching herself with the r. hind leg. A tern
(the Sea swallow, Sterna Hirundo) is seated on
her back. Beneath the dotted line of the exergue
is a star. Border of dots.
Rev. — Octopus in shallow square incuse.
M. 266-6 grs. [PI. XIII. 4.]
The types are those of the important state of Eretria in
Euboea, one of whose colonies was Dicaea in Chalcidice.
The same types occur on a tetradrachm published in the
Num. Chron., 3rd Ser. vol. x. PL III. 22, upon which are
found the letters I A and a symbol, and which, on account
of the letters, has been attributed to Dicaea. The coins
which belong to Eretria itself have the letter E upon
them without any symbol, and it is probable that those
which contain a symbol, in addition to the ordinary
types, belong to the colony and not to the parent state.
MENDE.
Obv. — Mule standing r., on his back a crow pecking ab
ano. Beneath, what looks like an acorn, but may
be a bunch of grapes. In front, traces of letters.
Circle of dots.
Rev. — Four triangular-shaped depressions arranged in
cross form.
M. 264-4 grs. [PI. XIII. 5.]
This tetradrachm of the Euboic standard has upon it
the usual type of Mende, but the adjunct, which, on
276 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
account of the constant occurrence of the vine upon the
coinage, is probably a grape bunch, appears to be hitherto
unpublished.
OLYNTHUS.
Obv. — Free horse cantering r.
Eev. — Eagle flying, wings spread, holding a serpent in
its beak, /fj A V K. In square incuse.
M. 41 grs. [PL XIII. 6.]
This coin is precisely similar, except in the legend, to
a coin of Olynthus (British Museum Catalogue, Macedon,
p. 87, No. 2, Jig.), on which the type of the mother state,
Chalcis in Euboea, is presented by the eagle and serpent,
with the addition of the Macedonian horse. It might at
first sight be attributed to Chalcis, though it appears to
be scarcely likely that the parent state would imitate on
its coinage a type used by its colony. It seems probable
that it was struck by Olynthus as a member of a confede-
ration of the towns of Chalcidice, for the general purposes
of such a body. It is true that there is no historical
evidence of such a confederation before B.C. 433, when
Perdiccas II induced the towns of Chalcidice to unite
under the headship of Olynthus, and this coin appears to
be of an earlier date than that. But it is possible that
before then Olynthus may have enjoyed a partial hege-
mony over the towns of the peninsula, of which this coin
is at present the only record. It may, therefore, be re-
garded as having been struck at Olynthus for the use
of an earlier Chalcidian confederacy, in the same way as
the fine later coins with the head of Apollo and the lyre
as a reverse type, with the legend XAAKIAEHN, were
no doubt issued for federal currency, by the league of
B.C. 392, from the mint of Olynthus.
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 277
BlSALT^I.
Obv. — Naked male figure, wearing kausia, and carrying two
spears held horizontally but inclining downwards,
standing to r. on the far side of a bridled horse.
On the rump of the horse is placed the letter C.
Border of dots.
Rev. — Shallow square incuse, divided by two crossing
lines into four equal square compartments, filled
in with dots.
M. 439-4 grs. [PL XIII. 7.]
The type is a usual one of the tribe of the Bisaltae, to
which no doubt the octadrachm belongs. The same local
form of the letter B, which occurs upon the horse, is found
in connection with the name in full on other coins of the
same people.
ORRESCII.
Obv. — Naked male figure, wearing kausia, standing to r.
between two oxen. His right hand is placed on
the rump of the nearest ox, and his extended left
hand holds a whip with two thongs. Ofl 51 3^
KIO N. Border of dots.
Rev. — Shallow square incuse, divided into four equal
square compartments by two crossing lines.
M. 436-8 grs. [PL XIII. 8.]
This octadrachm of the Orrescii differs from the usual
type, where the man holds two spears. He here carries a
whip which has two thongs, similar to that held by the
charioteer on the tetradrachm of Olynthus, the reverse of
which has a flying eagle upon it. (Brit. Mus. Cat.,
Macedon, p. 86, fig.)
ALEXANDER I.
1. Obv. — Male figure, wearing kausia, chlamys, and boots,
standing r. on the far side of a bridled horse. He
carries two spears over his left shoulder, the
heads pointing backwards. Border of dots.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. O O
278 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — Square, divided into four compartments, with
frame round it, on which is A A EH A /VAPO-
All in square incuse.
M. 402-5 grs. [PL XIV. 1.]
This octadrachm of Alexander I of Macedon presents
the same type, with some slight differences, as that on
the larger coins of the Bisaltae, and was probably issued
not long after Alexander added the silver mines once
belonging to that tribe to his kingdom.
The peculiar pointed terminations hanging below the
horse, which are richly ornamented, may be the ends of the
chlamys, though they scarcely seem to be consistent with
that garment. They may as well be part of an article
of dress fastened round the waist and hanging down.
The figure appears to wear trousers as well as boots,
though it is difficult to identify precisely with what cover-
ing the lower part of the body is clothed.
The coin is of better workmanship and shows an
advance upon the art of its prototype, the similar octa-
drachm of the Bisaltse. The position of the spear heads
is a novel one.
2. Obv. — Horseman advancing r. , wearing kausia and chlamys,
and carrying two spears, pointed downwards.
Plain border.
Rev. — Fore-part of goat, r., near leg bent. AAE within
linear square, in a shallow square incuse.
JR. 202-3 grs. [PL XIV. 2.]
This tetradrachm of Alexander I, which is of very good
work, shows a great advance, in artistic treatment and
execution, upon those earlier coins of his which are similar
to the octadrachm just described, where the type is a
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 279
warrior standing alongside a horse. It belongs, no doubt,
to the latter part of his reign, which lasted from B.C. 498
to B.C. 454. Whatever may have been the types of the
earlier issues of his money, it seems probable that those
coins which have upon them a horseman, dismounted or
mounted, belong to the period after he had conquered the
Bisaltae and absorbed their country.
In the collection of the late Mr. H. Montagu was a
tetradrachm very similar to this, except that it had the
letter A under the horse, and no letters on the reverse.
Since the above account was written, a coin, apparently
from the same dies as the present one, has been published
by M. Babelon in the Revue Numismatique, among coins
lately added to the collection of the Cabinet des Medailles,
Paris.
GYRENE.
1. Obv. — Silphium plant; in field, r., a silphium seed sprout-
ing j in field 1,, the fore-part of a galloping horse.
Rev. — Oblong incuse.
M. 246-5 grs. [PI. XIV. 3.]
This tetradrachm of the Euboic standard, which has
lost some of its weight through oxidation and bad clean-
ing, belongs to the earliest issue of the State. It resembles,
to some extent, a coin in the Cabinet des Medailles, Paris,
described by Miiller, No. 2 fig., in Num. de VAncienne
Afrique, where the adjuncts on this coin occur in a
reversed position. What is the fore-part of a horse is
described by Miiller as the root of the silphium. The
horse — for it is certainly that animal and not a gazelle1 —
is found, either as a whole or in part, on other coins of
Cyrene.
1 Mr. Head does not agree with me on this point.
280 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. Obv. — Two seeds of silphium, placed on their side, one
above the other. In field to r., the fore-part of
a boar r. ; in field to 1., a silphium plant.
Rev. — Incuse filled with thin raised lines, crossing each
other, and indeterminate markings in relief.
M. 255-8 grs. [PL XIV. 4.]
A tetradrachm of the same early period as the last, but
of higher, though not normal, weight.
The boar occurs on other coins of the place.
The reverse is very peculiar, and the markings almost
suggest a representation of some form or other, but it is
impossible to resolve them into anything definite.
8. Obv. — Head of Zeus Ammon, bearded, to 1., wearing a
wreath of laurel. Behind the head 0EY<I>.
Plain circle within a circle of dots.
Rev.— Silphium plant. KYPA. Circle of dots.
^R. 195-6 grs. [PL XIV. 5.]
The treatment of the head upon this coin of Gyrene is
very similar to that upon several others of about the same
date, upon which the names of various magistrates occur.
The present coin has the four commencing letters of the
name of the magistrate 0eu0e/8i/9, under whose authority
a number of coins of various denominations, in gold and
silver, were struck.
UNCERTAIN.
1. Obv. — Lion's head and fore-paw r., mouth open and
tongue protruding.
Rev. — Square incuse, divided diagonally into four parts
by two bars, one thicker than the other ; the
spaces filled in with irregular markings.
M. 167-8 grs. [PL XIV. 7.]
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 281
A similar lion's head and fore-paw occurs on the coins
of Cnidus, but the standard is a different one. The
standard in use for the present coin is the Babylonic
or Persic, one adopted by the Pamphylian and Cilician
towns, as Aspendus, Celenderis, Nagidus, Soli, &c.
Mr. Head, Hist. Num., p. 489, under " Ionia," notices
a coin, 167 grs., which has, together with the fore-part of
a lion, a rough square incuse for the reverse ; and in the
same work, p. 523 note, writing about a coin, 165 grs.,
which has on the obverse a lion's head and fore-paw L,
and on the reverse a large square incuse, divided diagon-
ally by a broad band, says, " There are certain archaic
staters of the Babylonic standard, which may possibly be
the earliest coins of Cnidus, but I do not insist upon the
attribution." It may be remarked that the earliest coins
of Cnidus are of the ^JEginetic standard.
2. Obv. — Chimaera standing r.
Eev. — Gorgoneion in an irregularly shaped square incuse.
M. 30-1 grs. [PL XIV. 6.]
This coin, a triobol of the Attic standard, does not
possess, in either of its types, a subject sufficiently dis-
tinctive to admit of its being attributed to any place in
Asia Minor, to which country it undoubtedly belongs.
The chimsera is found on an electrum stater, which Mr.
Head, Num. Chron., N.S., vol. xv., PI. X. 9, at that
time classed provisionally to Zeleia, but which is of
quite uncertain origin. The gorgoneion is of by no
means infrequent occurrence upon the coinage of Asia
Minor.
282 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
M. Six (Num. Chron., 3rd Ser., vol. x., p. 235, No. 16)
has noted a similar coin (32 grs.) from the collection of
M. Imhoof-Blumer, and another is in the Paris Cabinet,
No. 2752.
UNCERTAIN.
3. Obv. — Sphinx seated r.
Rev.~ Gorgoneion in circular incuse.
M. 32-7 grs. [PI. XIV. 8.]
4. Obv. — Female head adv., wearing earring with three
pendants. Plain circle.
Bev. — Sphinx seated 1., wearing polos, necklace, and
earring.
M. 11-7 grs. [PI. XIV. 9.]
Two coins which, like the last, it is impossible to attri-
bute to any place, but which equally belong to towns
of Asia Minor.
A specimen similar to No. 4 has been published by
Dr. Imhoof-Blumer in his Monnaies grecques, p. 372,
No. 74, PL G. 14. He attributes it to a Cilician town,
probably Nagidos.
UNCERTAIN.
5. Obv. — Eagle to r., devouring serpent.
Rev.— Two oblong incuses, one containing a wheel ? ; the
other, head of ox (or stag ?).
Lead. 129 grs. [PI. XIV. 10.]
This hitherto unpublished piece bears every mark of
genuineness, and is evidently a lead proof of an electrum
stater of Asia Minor, of the middle of the sixth century
B.C. Though proofs in lead of other early coins have
OX SOME RARE GREEK COINS. 283
occurred, this, so far as I know, is the first example of
one of an electrum coin which has come to light.
It would be unsafe to attribute it to any place, though
the eagle is the ordinary type of Abydus. An eagle
flying and carrying a serpent occurs on coins of Chalcis
in Euboea, and of Elis, and of the latter there are coins
which have on them an eagle standing and contending
with a serpent.
WILLIAM GREEN WELL.
XVI.
SOLON'S REFORM OF THE ATTIC STANDARD.
THE passage in which the author of the '
HoXnela describes the changes effected by Solon in the
Athenian weights and measures is so obscure, that it is
small wonder if it has suffered much at the hands of com-
mentators. Either considerable violence has been done
to the text — not always with the effect of producing a
very intelligible result — or else the truth of the statement
as it stands has been flatly impugned. The only writers
who, as it seems to me, have approached the question from
the right side, are M. J. P. Six and Prof. Ridgeway.1
In some respects what follows may seem to be merely an
amplification of their views ; but as they have not gone
quite so far as is possible in connecting extant weights
with the passage in question, and as my conclusions were
reached independently of their arguments, I may be ex-
cused for re-opening the subject. We may take the
passage as it stands in the second edition of Blass,2 and
we shall see that it is possible to make sense of the whole
1 Six in Num. Chron., 1895, p. 177ff. Ridgeway in note to
Sandys' ed. of 'A0. HoA., p. 40.
2 Mr. F. G. Kenyon has kindly re-examined the papyrus, and
informs me that he accepts the readings of Blass as probably in
all essentials correct. He sees no reason to prefer any of the
various other emendations that have been proposed.
SOLON'S REFORM OF THE ATTIC STANDARD. 285
account, although that sense may sometimes seem to be
rather clumsily expressed.
'A0. IIoX. c. 10. 'Ei/ jjiev ovv TO?? i/o/iot? ravra 8om
a, Trpo 8e T?/? vofULoOefflas 7roifjffa\_i] TV]V rwv
a7ro]K07rr]v, KCLI pera ravra T'fjv nre TWV fJLe
KOL araOjLwv KO.I TYV rov yoiu<TzaT09 avaiv. err eiceivou
yap eyevero KCLI TCL fmerpa juetg'w TWV Qeitiwvetwv, KOI rj JJLVO.
Or] Ta?9 l/raroj/. TJV 8* 6 ap^aios
e KCU araO/jLa Trpos T[O] vo
TO ToXdVTOV CLOVaCLS, KOL
\_al r^peis JJLVCIL Ttv ffTCLTrjpi KCU rot?
In the first place, it is quite clear that there was a
general increase in the weights all round. Contrary as
this is to all our previous notions, the words au£t^ns
and /ie/f to are, as Lehmann has remarked,3 in harmony
with the rest of the passage, and undoubtedly authentic.
Apart from this, the repetition of the article before Toy
i/o/xtV/xaTo? is odd, and one might have been tempted to
suggest TVJV re TWV fjLerpwv KCU ffraOfJLwv (av^rjcrivy KCU
Tt/i/ TOW vofJiiajJiciTos (jue/w<ni>). But as we shall see, such
audacity is not called for.
The measures, we are told, were made greater than the
Pheidonian, and the mina, which formerly weighed about
70 drachms, was increased to the weight of 100 drachms.
Lehmann has shown that the Pheidonian mina, which
was in use in Athens before the reform of Solon, weighed
between 606*4 and 598 grammes. The drachm of Solon's
new system (in terms of which the writer expresses the
Pheidonian mina) must therefore have been y1^ of this
3 Zur 'Ad. YloX. in Hermes, 1892, p. 580. . feJ a:
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. P P
286
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
weight, i.e., from 8*66 to 8'54 grms., and the mina of the
same system accordingly from 866 to 854 grms. Thus
we have :
Talent.
Weight in grammes.
Mina.
Wt. in grms.
Drachm.
Wt. in grms.
Pheidonian
Solonian .
86384 to 35880
51960 to 51240
606-4 to 598
866 to 854
6-064 to 5-98
8-66 to 8-54
It may be objected that this calculation is based on a
mis-translation, of the phrase aveTrXrjpwOrj TCLLS e/raroi/,
and that this means " was made (without altering its size)
to contain 100 (smaller) drachms." That is to say, it was
the weight of the drachm and not of the mina that was
altered. But in the first place the word aveTrXypwOrj,
so far as concerns the size of the thing filled, is colour-
less. Only the context can determine whether the size
of the thing filled remained the same or not. And here
the context is distinctly in favour of an increase in
the size of the thing filled — indeed, excludes the other
possibility. Secondly, if we understand that the weight
of the mina was retained, and the weight of the drachm
lowered, we must understand rj pva to refer to some other
mina than the Pheidonian. Here the passage of Androtion,
to which we shall come later, has misled some critics into
supposing that >} /xva was the Attic mina of 436*6 grms.,
although this was not in use before Solon's time. As the
Pheidonian mina is the only one that can be meant here,
and as that already weighed 100 (Pheidonian) drachms,
it only remains to admit that the sense must be :
" The mina was increased until its drachm (or yj^- part)
was equivalent to TV of the Pheidonian mina previously
in use."
SOLON'S REFORM OF THE ATTIC STANDARD. 287
Next follows : " The stamped coin in old times was a
didrachm/'
Here again a corruption has been suspected. The word
^'fya%/*oi/, it is objected, is a denomination of value ; the
word xapcLKryp refers rather to the type impressed on the
coin. The use of the word is certainly curious, but I
think it may be defended in the light of the well-known
legend on the coin of the Thracian Cotys. " The curious
legend KOTYOC XAPAKTHP, 'the striking of Cotys/
finds its counterpart on the early coins reading POPTY-
NOZ TO PAIMA and ZEY0A KOMMA."4 These
words, which are explained by another legend of Seuthes
(ZEY0A APTYPION), mean "struck coin," pecunia
cusa. The writer of the : 'AOqvaicw HoXireia uses
XapaKTrjp here in opposition to the mina, and wishes
simply to point out that the largest struck piece was not
a tetradrachm, as in his own day, but a didrachm.5 That
is to say, as M. Six has already pointed out,6 the drachm
after Solon's reform weighed double as much as it
weighed later; and the stater or didrachm had the
weight of the tetradrachm of later days. That weight
was, as we know, 17*46 grms. The weight of the new
Solonian drachm, according to our calculation on the
basis of the (not very accurately ascertained) Phei-
donian drachm, was between 8*54 and 8*66 grms. ; the
didrachm, therefore, between 17*08 and 17*32 grms.
The correspondence is sufficiently close. "We may observe
in passing, that we may now calculate backwards from
4 Head, Historia Numorum, p. 243.
* If any emendation of the text were called for, a-rar^p for
XapaKTrjp recommends itself. But xapa/cn}p, as a dijftcilior
lectio, is preferable.
6 Num. Chron., 1895, p. 177. -
288 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
our new fixed point (mina of 873'2 grms.) to the Phei-
donian mina (which works out at 611-24 grms.).
But to the evidence thus obtained must be added that
of certain archaic Attic weights, the quotation of which in
this connection is again due to M. Six.7 The style of the
inscriptions on these weights enables us to date them to
about the period with which we are concerned. They
are : —
(1) vjfjiLirv i€pov Br}fi6a-Lov ' A0r)vaid>v weighing 426f6 grms.
yielding a mina of 853'26 grms.,
and a drachm of 8*53 grms.
(2) SeKao-TaT-ripov weighing 177*52 grms.,
yielding a mina of 887'60 grms.,
and a drachm of 8 '87 grms.
The third and fourth weights described by Pernice
under this class may, perhaps, be disregarded, as they
bear no inscription, and their date is only determined
by the fact of their having been found in the Perser-
schutt.
The drachm of 8'87 to 8*53 grammes, the existence of
which is proved by these two weights, is evidently the
new Solonian drachm, about equivalent in weight to the
later didrachm.
We now pass to the last stage of the description.
" Solon also made (trade) weights, on the basis of the
coinage, on a scale in which the talent was equal in
weight to three-and-sixty of the (coinage) minae. And
these (three extra) minae were spread over the stater and
the other divisions."
Objection has almost universally been raised to
7 Num. Chron. I.e. ; E. Pernice, Griech. Gewichte, pp. 81, 82.
SOLON'S REFORM OF THE ATTIC STANDARD. 289
ical on the ground that no one ever heard of a talent of
63 minae. Curiously enough, the equally valid (or in-
valid) objection, that no one ever heard of a mina of about
70 drachms, does not seem to have occurred to any one in
connection with the earlier passage. The writer, as Prof.
Ridgeway has explained,8 is of course simply stating the
weight of the trade-talent in terms of the coinage-mina,
which, having calculated it, we already know. To omit
the words rpeis KOLL would put into the writer's mouth a
pointless truism. Of course, the talent included 60 minae
(of its own system).
A talent weighing 63 of the Solonian coin minae would
weigh between 54558 and 53802 grins. ; or, if we calculate
from the normal weight of the Solonian mina of 873 '2
grms.,9 we obtain the weight 55011*6 grms. The weights
in grammes of the new scale of ffraOfjia are, therefore : —
Normal (as cal-
culated on basis
of later Attic
mina).
Calculated on basis of
Pheidonian scale, as ascertained.
Highest.
Lowest.
Talent ....
Mina (eV of talent)
55011-6
916-86
54558
909-3
53802
896-7
The weight for the trade-mina thus arrived at is again
satisfactorily confirmed by a series of Attic weights, bear-
ing as a symbol an astragalos. These are called ararfjpes
(of course, not in the monetary sense, but as trade-minae),
and weigh from 924-91 down to 883-02 grammes.10
8 In the note to Sandys' edition of the *A0. IIoX., p. 40.
9 Obtained by doubling the later Attic mina of 436*6 grms.
10Pernice, op. cit., p. 83 f.
290
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
The phrase iTr&ievejjLrjOriaav \_al T] peis JJLVOITW ffrarr/pL xal
v oAXot? araOjuoTs means clearly that the proportional
parts of three minae were added to the staters and smaller
divisions in order to bring them up to the trade-standard.
Thus if x be taken as the value of the Solonian coin-mina,
we obtain the following relations :
Talent.
Mina.
Stater.
Drachm.
Solonian Coin-
Solonian Trade-
60#
680;
X
/68\
"\6oJ
X
flj
50
x /63\
60\60/
100
x /63\
looVcoJ
The trade-weights were, in brief, the coin-weights in-
creased by five per cent.
The results of this investigation are collected in the
following table :
SOLON S REFORM OF THE ATTIC STANDARD.
291
1
4
00
5
CO
§
It
O5
xo
xo
§8
9
XO
1— 1
00
00
CO
^
CO
00
CD
CO
l^»
§
60
9
00
i
w
CO
00
00
1
^
CO
00
CO
3
1
05
o
o
jl
3
rH
rH
S3
rH
t-
I— 1
CO
1.3
as
1
2
CM
rH
§
l>
rH
1
.§>
cq
t-
t>
i
H
rH
rH
rH
1
J
00
CO
cb
?
J
3
O5
XO
s
xo
00
00
00
CO
op
8-fl
CO
CO
S
•B
^
CO
O
CD
00
CO
05
05
I
60
a
CD
g
§
00
1
§
05
3
05
co
1
i
g
5
XO
05
(M
O
rH
00
• cj
^0
s
•^
<N
rH
rH
rH
s
05
CO
go
CO
^
xo
xo
o
xo
xo
rH
••2 a
t^
-2 .a
" 43
CO
O
XO
I
i
I
1
,— — •-•
CO
O
2
xo
co
xo
(M
CO
XO
xo
00
XO
XO
xo
5*
O5
XO
xo
XO
fl ^
a -2
T3
T3
1
QQ 3
1 1 so '
•
•
1
•
•
i
TS
Calculated from
o W
•-3 .3
a <j a
S o *
I 1SJ
"*J I "1 "^3 •
o 5j ^
r^ C^1^ ^
Pheidonian (a)
Extant Weights
a
J
CQ
2
1
1
Pheidonian (a)
Extant Weights
d
J
OQ
|
5
SH
9
3
.
T
^_
^ ^— ^
^__-'
v«—
^ ^— -^
- — •-
1
a
o
11
J ^
OQ
a £
fl tr«
£}
"a>
33
o
O ^3
o
fn
OD
QQ
292 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
According to the well-known passage of Androtion
(Plut. Solon, c. xv.) Solon's monetary reform took the
shape of a trick by which debtors were empowered to pay
back in small drachms debts which had been incurred in
larger drachms. The majority of writers, both ancient
and modern, are however agreed that the relief of the
debtors took the form of simply writing off their debts
This aetaa-xOeia and the change in the weights and
measures had, in fact, nothing to do with each other.
Androtion's statement had more weight before the dis-
covery of the new treatise than it has now, when we know
that the weight of the drachm was increased, not lowered.
He works on the basis of the drachm of his own time
instead of on that of the doubly heavy drachm introduced
by Solon. His calculations are none the less valuable as
enabling us to fix approximately the weight of the pre-
Solonian mina.
The change of standard, by which the drachm was
lowered to half its former weight, and the other denomi-
nations altered accordingly, has been attributed by M.
Six11 to Hippias, on the strength of the pseudo- Aristotelian
Second Book of the Oeconomica, where we are told (ii. 4)
that Hippias called in the Athenian coinage, and then
instead of issuing, as was expected, a different xapaKTrjp,
gave the Athenians back TO avro apyvpiov. The change
introduced by Hippias was merely one of nomenclature,
but it was at the same time a change which meant that
Hippias only paid back 50 per cent, of what he had
received.
G. F. HILL.
11 Num. Chron., 1895, p. 178.
XVII.
CARTIMANDUA.
(See Plate XV.)
ON November 7th, 1893, a small find of coins and anti-
quities was made at Honley, near Huddersfield. Honley
is about two miles from Castle Hill, and about four miles
across country from Slack. Castle Hill is said to have
been occupied by the British before the Romans, and
Slack is the most probable of the many places which have
been identified with the ancient Cambodunum.
The objects in question were concealed in a cavity
behind a piece of rock, and were discovered by workmen
who were breaking away the rock. The greater part, if
not all, of the coins and metal objects are said to have
been contained in the hollow bone (No. I.), but as to this
point there seems to be some uncertainty. However, that
all the objects formed a single deposit there can be no doubt.
By the courtesy of Mr. William Brooke, of Northgate
Mount, Honley, on whose estate the find occurred, and
who has generously presented to the British Museum
the five British coins which lend the hoard its chief in-
terest, I am able to give a detailed account of all the
objects found. They were : —
I. A hollow bone, probably of an ox, measuring, in its
present much decayed and broken condition, 15 cm. in
length. It was originally, doubtless, quite large enough
to accommodate all the articles following.
II. A small bronze box with hinged lid (PL xv. 7-9),
of a well-known type, but the use of which does not
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. Q Q
294 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
seem to be absolutely certain. A number may be seen
in the British Museum ("Anglo-Roman" Room, Table-
Case B, and Bronze Room, Table-Case D). Illustrations of
similar objects may also be found in J. Battely's Antiq.
Rutupinae (1745 ed. in Opera Posthuma), p. 129 ; Roach
Smith, Antiquities of Richborough, &c., p. 84, and PL vn. ;
Roman London, PL ixxm. 14, 15 ; Archceologia, xxxix.
p. 508 ; J. E. Price, Roman Antiquities, Mansion House,
1873, PL vin. 16, 17 ; Jacobi, das Rbmerkastell Saalburg,
PL LXIX. 10, 11 j1 Friederichs, Kleinere Kunst, 569-579 ;
and Jahrbueher des Vereins von Alter thumsfreunden im Rhein-
lande, xv. (1850), PL iv., JSTos. 2, 2a, 2b. These boxes are of
various shapes, square, oval, lozenge-shaped, heart-shaped,
or rather bellows-shaped, and, like the present specimen,
circular. Most of them are pierced at the bottom
with three circular holes, and in the side with two
square openings. On the lid they are frequently
enamelled. The present specimen has a thin plate of
silver, pierced with a very graceful design, laid on the
lid. The lids of two specimens (of an oval shape, and of
bronze) in the British Museum Bronze Room are decorated
in relief with the heads of Domitian and Domitia respec-
tively. One of the three specimens described in the
Jahrbueher des Rheinland. Vereins cited above (No. 2b,
circular and gilded) bears the heads, confronted, of
Domitian and Domitia. No. 2 in the same publication
(circular, and plated with silver) is decorated with an
eagle, the wings of which are displayed. These are all
distinctively Roman types, but it by no means follows
that the boxes served some official purpose.
1 For these references, and for much other information in
connection with this paper, I have to thank Mr. C. H. Read.
CARTIMANDUA. 295
One view as to the use of these boxes is that they were
meant to contain perfumes.2 If so, it is difficult to see
the object of the two lateral openings. Some of them,
it is said, have been found containing clay. This fact,
unless the boxes were buried in a clay soil, would seem
in favour of the rival theory, that we have to do with
seal-boxes. The linum on which the seal was impressed
would pass through the two lateral apertures. The three
holes in the bottom of the box are difficult to explain on
this hypothesis. Mr. A. H. Smith suggests that another
cord attached to the document passed through these
holes, to relieve the strain on the linum proper.
If these are seal-boxes — and this is by no means certain
— the seals contained in them must have hung free. The
documents sealed cannot therefore have been tabulce,
which were fastened by a cord lying along a groove in
the outer face of the tablet, the seals being placed in a
row in this groove, so as to keep down the cord.3 We
have rather to imagine clay or wax seals similar to the
Byzantine leaden bullae.
On the whole, the absence of literary evidence as to the
use of hanging seals at this period, the small average size
of the boxes, their various shapes, and the existence of the
three holes in the bottom, reminding one of the modern
vinaigrette, make it not improbable that the old-fashioned
theory of perfume-boxes may be after all the right one.
The existence of two lateral holes, however, forms a dis-
tinct objection to this view. They can hardly have served
for suspension.
The decoration of rings round the edge is, I believe,
2 For the references in ancient literature to the preserving of
unguents, &c., in boxes, see the lexicons under pyxis.
3 See Maunde Thompson, Gk. and Lat. Palaeography, p. 25.
296 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
peculiar to this specimen. The condition of the box is
not quite so good as the photograph (executed from Mr.
Anderson's drawings) might lead one to suppose ; but no
unjustifiable restoration has been made.
III. A bronze fibula (PL xv. 6 ) of the usual type of
the first century A.D., still retaining the ring to which
the chain was attached. For the method of wearing these
fibulae, and the development of their form in Britain, see
A. J. Evans, On Two Fibula of Celtic Fabric from Aesica,
Archceologia, lv., pp. 179 ff., and On a Votive Deposit,
ibid., p. 401.
IV. Two small bronze rings (PI. xv. 10), miniatures
of the type of the large rings from Polden Hill, Somer-
setshire (Archceologia, xiv., PI. xxi., No. 5). These
rings were probably sewn on to a strap or garment, a
loop coming over the shorter part of the circumference
contained between the two projections, and keeping the
ring in position. The larger rings of this sort were
probably used for horse-trappings.
V. Eighteen Roman coins, as follows : —
(A). SILVER DENARII.
Babelon. Date, about
C. Valerius C. f. Flaccus . II. 510, No. 7 B.C. 209
T. Cloulius .... I. 360, No. 1 „ 119
M. Marcius M.J f. . II. 185, No. 8 „ 119
L. Valerius Flaccus . . II. 512, No. 11 „ 104
(2 specimens)
Q. Minucius Thermus . . II. 235, No. 19 „ 90
L. Appuleius Saturninus (in
field, M-) . I. 208, No. 1 „ 90
C. Marius C. f. Capito (serrate
fabric ; symbol, torch ;
number, CXXII.) . . II. 203, No. 9 84
P. Crepusius . . . I. 441, No. 1
L. Procilius (serrate fabric) . II. 386, No. 2
C. lulius Caesar . . .II. 12, No. 12
Q. Caepio Brutus . . II. 117, No. 42
Nero (SALVS) . . . Cohen, No. 814. A.D
84
79
50
44-42
54-68
CARTIMANDUA. 297
(B). LARGE BRASS.
VESPASIAN. COS III. (A.D. 71.)
Rev. S.P.Q.R. P.P. OB GIVES SERVATOS. Cohen,
No. 531.
Rev. ROMA. Cohen, No. 419.
(0.) MIDDLE BRASS.
NERO. Rev. VICTORIA AVGVSTI. Cohen, No. 349
(reading CLAVD). A.D. 54-68.
VESPASIAN. COS. IIII. (A.D. 72 or 73.)
Rev. SECVRITAS AVGVSTI. Cohen, No. 508.
Rev. PAX AVG. Cohen, No. 801.
VI. The five British coins are all of the same scyphate
fabric; the obverse (convex gide) bears the legend
VOLISIOS in two rows, marked by three parallel lines.
Outside these lines are traces of the wreath-ornament
which is characteristic of British coins. This is especially
clear on No. 5. On the reverse is a rudely-fashioned
long-necked horse to the right. In the field, under the
tail, is a pellet. The legend occupies the space above, in
front of, and below the animal.
1. Obv. VOhfl]
f\0f
Rev. DVM above ; N in front ; OfO below.
Wt. 8-0 grs. (-518 grms.). [PI. xv. 2.]
2. Obv. VOM
Rev. [D]VM above ; N in front ; traces of O\£ below.
Wt. 8-2 grs. ('531 grms.). [PL xv. 1.]
298 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
3 Obv. VOHI]
. D VM above ; obliterated letter in front ; O \E below.
Wt. 7-0 grs. (-453 grms.). [PI. xv. 3.]
[/'SS'fir] ' '
Rev. DVM above ; N ? in front ; O\£ below.
Wt. 8-0 grs. (-518 grms.). [PL xv. 4.]
5. Obv.
. CART above ; I in front ; [O]\£ below.
Wt. 8-3 grs. (-537 grms.). [PI. xv. 5.]
As might be expected from the place where these coins
were found, which is in the district of the Brigantes,
they belong to this tribe. Hitherto, however, none
but gold coins of the Brigantes have come to light;
nor have any been found with Roman coins of later date
than A.D. 40. I quote from pp. 406, 407 of Sir John
Evans* Coins of the Ancient Britons — " As . . . we do not
find any names upon these coins which can in any way
be identified with those of Cartismandua or Venusius, and
as the Roman coins found with the British are, as far as
we know, of no later date than A.D. 40, it seems probable
that the coinage of the Brigantes had ceased before
A.D. 50, in which year Ostorius put down an insurrection
among them." Now, however, the date of the deposit of
the hoard (after, but not long after, A.D. 72 or 73), and
the legend CART or CARTI of No. 5, enable us to say
without hesitation that the coinage of the Brigantes
continued to the time of Cartimandua. As usual, the
CARTIMANDUA. 299
increase of Roman influence caused the coinage of this
tribe to be restricted to silver.4
As to the legend of the obverse (which entirely bears
out Sir John Evans in his reading YOLISIOS on the
gold coins), and that of the reverses of Nos. 1 — 4, it can
only be said that these must await their explanation in
company with the legends previously known. The DYM,
DYMN, DVMNOCO, DYMNOYE of the new coins are
clearly the same word or words as those on the coins en-
graved in Evans, PL xvn., Nos. 1 ff. The way in which
the monogrammatic writing of YE persists through all
varieties is noticeable. The fact that while some coins
read DYMNOYERO[S] others have DYMNOCOYEROS
seems to show that a new word begins with the letter Y.
One is tempted to suggest Yenutius or even Yellocatus,
but the forms YEP and YEROS forbid this.
The history of Cartimandua is well known, but now
that she is represented by a coin it may be of interest to
recall the main facts of her romantic career. This queen
enjoyed a position of great power, which was due partly
to her noble birth and her character, but partly also to
the favour in which she was held by the Romans. Her
husband Yenutius seems to have occupied a decidedly
subordinate position. Cartimandua first appears on the
scene in A.D. 51, when she treacherously handed over to
the Romans the defeated Caratacus, who had fled to her
for refuge.5 She was well rewarded by her friends, and,
corrupted still further by the wealth and luxury which
4 See Lenormant, La Monnaie dans rAntiquite, II., pp. 122,
123.
5 Tacitus, Ann. XII., 36. I have adopted the spelling of the
names now usual in all editions of Tacitus, as opposed to
Cartismandua, Venusius, Caractacus.
V
300 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
now surrounded her, stooped to an intrigue with her
husband's armour-bearer, Vellocatus. In 69 A.D. she
openly married this man, and elevated him to the throne.
Her audacity raised a storm. Yenutius, to whose natur-
ally warlike spirit and hatred of the Roman name a more
personal stimulus was now applied by the adultery of his
queen, stirred up the Britons to revolt ; and the defection
of the Brigantes placed Cartimandua in extreme peril.
She called in the Romans, who, after a series of battles,
succeeded in effecting her rescue, although they were
obliged to leave Venutius in possession of the throne.6 It
was not until 71 A.D. that the settlement of the Batavian
revolt allowed the legate Petilius Cerealis7 to give his
attention to British affairs. He attacked the capital of
the Brigantes, and reduced a great part of the district.
In 74 A.D. he quitted Britain, leaving behind him a pro-
curator vice prcesidis, but, as his successors Sex. Julius
Frontinus and Agricola afterwards found, without having
settled the country. Nothing is heard of Cartimandua
after her rescue by the Romans. Tacitus makes the
Caledonian Calgacus in 84 A.D allude to the exploits of a
female leader of the Brigantes ; but there seems little
doubt that he means Boadicea, and that the name Brigantes
is due to a slip of the historian's pen.8
The date of the deposit is fixed at a few years subse-
quent to 73 A.D. by the fact that the four coins of Vespa-
sian are only slightly worn, although they have suffered
considerably from corrosion. The British coins are in
fresh condition, and cannot have been in circulation very
long. The hoard was, therefore, probably hidden during
6 Tac. Hist. iii. 45.
7 Tac. Agric. 17.
8 Tac. Agric. 31, and the commentators on the passage.
CARTIMANDUA. 301
the British wars against Frontinus or Agricola. The re-
publican denarii are naturally in very poor condition.
A minor interest of the hoard is that it bears out, while
extending their application, the words of Tacitus9 re-
garding the Germans : " pecuniam probant veterem et
diu notam, serratos bigatosque."
NOTE. — In the supplement to his work (p. 588), Sir
John Evans is inclined to doubt the possibility of at-
tributing the coins of the class in question to the Brig-
antes. " The coins seem to be confined to the southern and
south-eastern part of Yorkshire, and I am not aware of any
having been found farther north than Pickering, which is
about eighteen miles S.S.W. of Whitby. The coins, more-
over, seem to occur quite as frequently in Lincolnshire as in
Yorkshire." The southern limit of the Brigantes must be
set, as Mr. Haverfield kindly informs me, south of Leeds
and Huddersfield (see Corpus Inscr. Lat. VII., 200, 203),
and possibly well south of that line, if the inscribed pig
of lead (C. I. L., VII., 1207) is of Derbyshire origin. Of
their territory, the southern was the more important
part, the northern uncivilized, and> perhaps, half unin-
habited. Everything falls into its place if we suppose
Cartimandua's kingdom to have been centred in South
Yorkshire. Mr. Haverfield also notes that very few
Celtic names begin with the syllable CART. The prob-
ability of the identification with Cartimandua is thus
slightly increased. It seems, at any rate, to be perfectly
fair, in the present state of our knowledge, to class the
South Yorkshire coins to the Brigantes (an extremely
important tribe, which would otherwise be left without
coins), and this particular piece to Queen Cartimandua.
G. F. HILL.
9 Germ. 5.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. R R
XYIIL
ON THE MINT OF BARNSTAPLE.
AMONG the list of hitherto uncertain mint names occurs
that of BEEDEST. The coin which bears it is one of
Edward the Confessor's pennies, a well-struck piece on
which there is no blunder. The coin is of the type
figured by Hawkins, in his Silver Coins of England,
as No. 222 ; and by Hildebrand, in his Catalogue, as
Type G. The second volume of the British Museum
Catalogue of Saxon Coins also gives the type as No. X.
On the obverse is the King's bust to r. crowned, sceptre
in front, and on the reverse a short cross voided, each
limb terminating in an incurved segment of a circle ;
pellet in centre. The type is one of the common-
est, if not the commonest, of Edward the Confessor's
coinage. The piece I saw some years ago was in the
possession of a gentleman whose mother, he believed,
had obtained it in Devonshire ; so possibly it might have
been found in that county. The late Mr. Montagu had a
piece of the same description. The reverse inscription on
both was JELFEIE ON BEEDEST. Ruding gives the name,
but was unable to attribute it to any place, and since then
an attempt to locate the place as Bardney or Bardsey was
tried. In the Sale Catalogue of the fifth portion of Mr.
Montagu's coins, a penny of Henry I. occurred of the
type figured by Hawkins as 265, with the legend
ON THE MINT OF BARNSTAPLE. 303
OTER ON BERD[E]ST7L The Catalogue gives it as
BE7VRDEST7V, but the first TV was certainly not present,
and the letter following D, although probably E was
quite illegible. Having had occasion to pay a visit to the
Public Record Office, I took the opportunity of asking Mr.
Trice Martin, who is an authority on topographical names,
if he could tell me where BERDEST was, and he at once
replied Barnstaple, and turned up a reference for me to
an early piperoll of Henry II.
In these rolls the name occurs under Devonshire as
Berdestapla, Beardestapla,1 Barnestapla, and it is men-
tioned in connection with Braunton, the hundred in
which Barnstaple is situated. Leland2 also mentions
the place as Berdenestapla. In Lyson's Magna Britannia
there is a short account of the town. King Athelstan
took considerable interest in the place and in the monas-
tery connected with it, and it seems to have been a fairly
flourishing town. King Henry I. is said to have incor-
porated it. It is hardly necessary to go into the subsequent
history of the town, my object being to show that Berdest
means Barnstaple, and that the reference in the piperolls
is to that town in Devonshire. This is shown by the men-
tion of Braunton. But I think a careful consideration of
the coins themselves will show that the Devonshire town
is really their place of mintage. In considering BERDEST
1 In ancient deeds the name of Barnstaple appears as
Barnastapula ; and of Bardney, Berdeniga.
2 In his Itinerary, vol. ii., p. 73, Oxon, 1745, he says : " I
think that the old name of the Toune was in the Britanne
Tunga Abertaw bycause it stode towards the mouth of the
Ryver, Berdenes, shortly or completely spoking as I think for
Abernesse. Staple is an addition for a Market/' It may also
be noted that Berwick is similarly abbreviated from Aberwick
by the removal of the initial A.
304
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
I must also take notice of those coins reading BAED,
BE7VED, BEAE, BAEDI, &c., all of which have previously
been attributed to Bardney, in Lincolnshire.
The following list is taken from the works before
mentioned : —
^thelred II.
Hildebraud,
type Bl 2ELFELM
MO BEAEDA
B2 2ELFSIEE
„ BAED
c
,, ,,
C
„ BAEDA
c
„ BEAD
Ca
„ BEAI
D
M°0 BAED
D BIEHSCE
„ EAEI
A BYEHSIE
ON BEAEDAI
A BYEHSIGE
M-O'BAED
Bl
» »
Bl
„ BEAE
Bl
„ BEAEDA
B2
„ BAE
B2
„ BAED
C
„ BAE
C
„ BAED
C
„ BEAE
Cd
» »>
D
„ BAED
E
•» »
D HVNIA
»
E
„ BAEDA
A HVNIEA
ON BAEDAN
C PYLEM.ZEE
MO BEAE
Cnut.
Hildebrand,
type E ^LFGAE
0 BAED
f\
ON TTFAT?
H
vyi> JD£J^I.XAI
H BEA
E ATA
ON BEAEDA
Q- i»
„ BEAEDAS
E BYEHSIE
O BAEDA
Ei
H BEA
E BYEHSI
0 BAED
Harold I.
Hildebrand,
typeB ^LFCAE ONN BEA
Harthacnut. None.
ON THE MINT OF BARNSTAPLE.
Edward the Confessor.
Hildebrand, type A 2ELFRIE ON BEARD
G — BEEDEST
William.
305
Hawkins 241 SEPORD ON BARD
243 SEPORD „ BARDI
Henry I.
265 OTER
„ BERD(E)STA
There is, therefore, a fairly large and varied issue from
the mint or mints BAR to BERDESTA. Under ^Ethelred
II there are five distinct moneyers and some variations in
spelling. Cnut accounts for three moneyers, and each
of the other kings for one. The coins with a letter S
in the mint-name cannot possibly be attributed to
Bardney, the old name for which was " Berdeniga." 3 We
may, therefore, I think, at once remove these from the
Lincolnshire mint, and attribute them to Barnstaple.
This will dispose of Cnut's ATA ON BEARDAS, the
Confessor's coin of ^LFRIE ON BERDEST, and the
penny of Henry I. struck by OTER. Another conclusion
follows this, viz. : that Ata, ^Elfric, and Oter were
Barnstaple moneyers. Ata seems only to have struck at
one place, so that we may consider all his coins as of
Barnstaple. jiElfric, in the Confessor's time, struck
coins in London, Lydford, Bristol, Canterbury, Exeter,
Gloucester, Guildford, Chester, Southwark, Stafford, and
Thetford. The name seems to have been a common one,
but the presence of Bristol, Exeter, and Lydford show
clearly that a moneyer of this name was striking in the
south-west district of England. As we place BERDEST
to Barnstaple, it seems reasonable to place BEARD by the
3 It was also variously spelt Bardanig, Bardanie, Beardsenig,
Beardenie, &c.
306 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
same moneyer to the same place. Oter, in the time of
the Williams, was a Dorchester moneyer.
We must now pass to moneyers who did not place S in
the mint-name. The first is -ZEthelred's ^Elfelm. He
spells his mint BEAEDA. He coined at Ilchester, Win-
chelcombe (?), and Winchester. BEAEDA, therefore, would
be more satisfactorily placed to Barnstaple than to Bard-
ney. The second monej^er, who spells the name BEAEDA,
is Byrhsige. He, like ^Elfelm, only struck at places in
the west and south-west of England, if London be left
out ; and I think we may do this, as London then, as
now, must have contained pretty well all the provincial
names. At any rate, Byrhsige did not strike at any
northern town. Besides spelling his mint as BEAEDA, he
uses many other variations, both under " zEthelred and
Cnut. We must, however, consider all these as referring
to Barnstaple.
The moneyers left to which reference must now be
made are JEthelred's ^Elfsige, Hunia, Hunica, probably
the same name, and Pulfmaer ; Cnut's and Harold's
JElfgar, and also the William moneyer, Sepord,
Hunia, and Hunica only struck at the one place, BAED
or BAEDA ; but a moneyer named Hunna struck at
Malmesbury. If, therefore, we had to choose between
the two places, probably Barnstaple would be the correct
place of mintage of Hunica's coins.
.ZElfsige struck at Ilchester, Lincoln, London, Ware-
ham, Wilton, and Winchester. The majority of places
are situated in the south-west counties. Lincoln, how-
ever, is very near Bardney. Coins with the name of
^Elfsige may have been struck at both mints. ^Elfgar,
however, is not credited with any mintage in the north
country, though London and South wark occur, but as a
ON THE MINT OF BARNSTAPLE. 307
set-off against these, we have Wareham. In -ZEthelrecTs
reign, however, where no coins of BARD are known by this
moneyer, we find him striking in Aylesbury, if ^BFrLS
stands for this place ; also at Stamford, Lewes, Winchel-
combe, Winchester, Tamworth, Wareham, and London.
Coins bearing this name, therefore, may also have been
struck at two mints.
Seword, in William's time, was a moneyer at Win-
chester and Malmesbury, both towns in the south-west of
England. Oter was the Dorchester moneyer, and struck
"Paxs" coins for William. In Henry I.'s reign the
coin of BEEDESTA, and another type of Hawkins, 255,
reading OTER ON . RPIE, are the only coins I can hear
of bearing this moneyer' s name.
From the foregoing one fact is very clear, viz. : that all
the moneyers who struck the coins referred to here also
struck at towns in the south-west. Three moneyers,
JElfric, ^Elfsige, and ^Elfgar, struck at one town each
in the east or north-east of England, but one out of the
three did not strike at BARD during the reign in which
he coined at the eastern town. I think, therefore, we
have sufficient grounds for assigning a fairly considerable
coinage to Barnstaple, beginning, as far as we know,
in ^Ethelred II. 's time, and ending with Henry I. If
this be the case, we must then remove the mint from
Bardney, unless we admit the two moneyers, ^JElfgar and
JElfsige as having coined at both places, an unlikely pro-
ceeding. I do not know why Bardney was chosen as a
mint town, unless it was due to the similarity of the
names. We should often be in error, and I suspect
frequently are in this connection. That GRANT does not
refer to Grantham, but to Cambridge, we do know ; but
if a careful survey were made of the moneyers and mints
308 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
at which they struck, as given in Hildebrand and the
Museum Catalogue, we might find some very curious
attributions. I believe we should, as a rule, be much
more certain of our attributions of mints to towns, if we
studied the moneyers more in detail and in connection
with their mints. These men seem only to have been
concerned in striking the coin, and it is probable that
the mints were situated in the towns referred to on the
coins. The moneyers would therefore be more or less
resident, and it is quite likely, or more than likely, that
well-known local men would be chosen for these posts.
Such men as VLF, at Lincoln ; OVD6RIM, at York ; and
AIMER or FILAIMER, of London, were local men work-
ing in their own homes. So, probably, were the host of
Godwins and later Willelms ; but we can only indi-
vidualise these by a knowledge of where they were
at work. Thus, for instance, a Lincoln and Bardney
moneyer of the same name and date would in all proba-
bility be the same man, whereas it is very unlikely that
the same individual would have struck coins at Lincoln
and Barnstaple. My conclusion, therefore, is that Barn-
staple, and not Bardney, was the place of mintage of all the
coins reading BAR to BERDESTA, and that the moneyers
who struck at this place were not the same men who were
minting at the same time in northern and eastern towns,
but men with a common name.
L. A. LAWRENCE.
XIX.
MEDALS OF CENTENARIANS.
SINCE compiling the description of Medals of Centen-
arians for the Numismatic ^Chronicle, 1895 (p. 301), the
following additional ones have come to my notice. They
form by no means the least interesting of the series, and
specimens of each of them are in my own collection.
BERNARD LE BOVIER DE FONTENELLE, 1730.
IA. Obv.— BERBD DE FONTENELLE. DElf DE L'ACAD.
FR. Draped bust to 1. Signed below, S.
CURE. F.
Rev.— LES GRACES APOLLON MINERVE L'ONT
FORME. Group of Minerva, Apollo, and the
Three Graces, similar to that on the reverse of
No. 1, but the design is reversed. In the exergue
is the date MDCCXXX, with the artist's signa-
ture SI. CUR& F.
Diameter 2*15 inches; cast; M.
This is one of the medals of Titon du Tillet's Parnasse
Frangois series, but is a variety of that engraved in his
book, Le Parnasse Frangois (Paris, 1732, folio, PI. x),
and bears the artist's signature. Simon Cure, who died
in 1734, was an engraver and jeweller ; he executed the
Parnasse Francois series of medals after models by the
sculptor Louis Garnier. On a cast bronze portrait medal-
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. S S
310 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
lion of the poet, Voiture, in my collection, modelled in
similar style to that of the Parnasse Francois medals, the
signature, L. GrARNIER. F., occurs on the truncation.
SIR MOSES MONTEFIORE, BART., 1864.
IA. Ohv.— JUDITS, LADY MONTEFIORE. SIR MOSES
MONTEFIORE, BART., F.R.S. Their heads
jugate to 1. Signed below, CH. WIENER, 1864.
Rev. — Within a wreath of roses, thistles, shamrock, palm,
oak, and olive, are Hebrew inscriptions signifying:
" And it came to pass in those days, when Moses
was grown, that he went out unto his brethren,
and looked on their burdens " [Exodus, chap. 2,
verse 11], "And they that be wise shall shine
as the brightness of the firmament ; and they
that turn many to righteousness, as the stars for
ever and ever " [Daniel, cbap. 12, verse 3]. On
the ribbon which binds the wreath are the follow-
ing inscriptions in Hebrew letters : — " Jerusa-
lem," " Damascus 5600 [= A.D. 1840]," " Russia,
5606 [= A.D. 1846]," " Rome, 5618 [= A.D.
1858]," and "Morocco, 5624 [= A.D. 1864]."
Diameter 2'7 inches ; struck ; M. By the Belgian
Medallist, Charles Wiener ; who worked in Lon-
don from 1862 to 1865.
The dates after the names of places on the reverse of
this medal are those of the years when Sir Moses Monte-
fiore visited them for his philanthropic purposes. The
medal was struck after his return from Morocco in 1864.
For the translation of the inscriptions on the medal I
am indebted to the Rev. Dr. H. Adler.
Louis VICTOR BAILLOT, the last French survivor of the
battle of Waterloo. He was born at Percey, in
the Department of Yonne, on 9th April, 1793. As a
young man he is said to have appeared almost too
MEDALS OF CENTENARIANS. 311
delicate for a soldier's life, but owing to the need for
more soldiers, he was enrolled for military service, at
eighteen years of age, 25th November, 1812 (105th
regiment of the line). After "Waterloo, he was kept
for a short time prisoner at Plymouth, and when he
came back received his discharge on account of
(supposed) phthisis of the second degree (discharge
signed at Auxerre, 5th November, 1816). He is
now living at Carisey, a small town not far from his
birthplace, and likewise in the Department of Yonne.
Like other veterans, he obtained the St. Helena
medal when it was issued by Napoleon III. (in 1858),
and on 29th February, 1896 when nearly 103 years
of age, was decorated by the President of the French
Republic with the Cross of the Legion of Honour.
The following medal is by M. Paul Seville, a pupil
of the sculptor Chapu.
Obv.— VICTOR . BAILLOT . N£ . A . PERCEY . YONNE
. LE . 9 . AVRIL . 1793. Profile head with
clothed neck to r. Behind the neck is repre-
sented the St. Helena medal. Signed on the
truncation, PAUL BEVILLE.
Bev. — Engraved inscription: — '* VICTOR BAILLOT dernier
survivant de Waterloo, decore de la Le'gion
d'Honneur le 29 Fevrier 1896.— PARIS 5 OCTO-
BRE 1896,
PAUL SEVILLE."
Diameter 3*05 inches ; cast ; M.
BARTHOLOMEW JOHNSON, of Scarborough. I am indebted
to the kindness of Mr. J. E. T. Graham, Town Clerk
of Scarborough, for the following note on this cente-
narian. He was born at Wykeham, near Scar-
borough, on October 3rd, 1710. Mr. Graham sup-
312 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
poses that he was apprenticed to a barber, but is not
certain whether he continued in that business. He
resided in Scarborough up to the time of his death,
which took place on February 7th, 1814, in his
104th year. A tombstone in the churchyard at
Wykeham, where he was buried, bears a long in-
scription to his memory. Lord Mulgrave com-
missioned the artist, J. Jackson, B.A., to paint a
portrait of Mr. Bartholomew Johnson, and presented
it to the Corporation of Scarborough; this portrait,
which was painted from life, now hangs in the
Council Chamber of the town. Mr. Johnson was an
excellent player on the violoncello, and on October
7th, 1811, when he entered on his 102nd year, he
was entertained at a dinner by the Freemasons, at
the Freemasons' Lodge, Scarborough. On this occa-
sion he took part in a quartette, playing on the
violoncello the bass of a minuet he had composed
some years before; the other instrumental parts of
which were written for the occasion by the composer
W. Shield. Mr. Graham was not aware that any
medal of Johnson existed.
Obv.— MR. BARTHOLOMEW JOHNSON . AGED 103.
His bust three-quarters facing to 1. He wears
small wig and ordinary clothes. Below, in
smaller letters : — TO THE CORPORATION OF SCAR-
BOROUGH.
Bev.— HE WAS A MAN, TAKE HIM FOB ALL IN
ALL . WE SHALL NOT LOOK UPON HIS
LIKE AGAIN. A group of musical instruments,
with an open music-book and sprigs of laurel
and oak.
Diameter 1-65 inches; struck; &.
MEDALS OF CENTENARIANS. 313
The British Museum likewise possesses an example,
similar but in copper bronzed. These medals were pro-
bably struck, after his death in 1814, by one of the better
Birmingham medallists of the time. The piece is doubt-
less dedicated to the Corporation of Scarborough, because
the portrait has been taken by the medallist from the
painting belonging to the Corporation.
F. PARKES WEBER.
XX.
ATTRIBUTION OF MEDALS OF PRIAM, AUGUSTUS,
AND ALEXANDER THE GREAT, TO A MEDALLIST
OF POPE PAUL III., POSSIBLY ALESSANDRO
CESATI.
THE term " Paduans" is still used to include nearly all
medals commemorating persons and events of ancient
history, but fabricated in Italy during the sixteenth cen-
tury. These were certainly not all the work of Giovanni
Cavino, the Paduan. It is already supposed that some
pieces are the work of Andrea Briosco, called Riccio,
a predecessor of Cavino at Padua. It is my intention
to show that the three following pieces in my collection
are the work of a medallist, employed by Pope Paul III.,
possibly Alessandro Cesati, called II Grechetto.
1. Obv. — Imaginary head of Priam to right. Legend,
BAZIAEVZ . nPIAMOZ.
MEDALS OF PRIAM, AUGUSTUS, AND ALEXANDER. 315
Rev. — View of an ancient fortified town, with galleys in
front of it. Above is the word TPOIA, and
below this, on one of the buildings, is inscribed
the word IAION.
Diam. : 1*85 inches ; cast in pale bronze.
2. Obv. — Head of Augustus to right, with draped shoulders.
Legend, OCTAVIVS CAESAR.
Rev. — Half-draped female figure, representing Security,
seated to right, in an easy position, as if slumber-
ing, on an antique chair, the base of which is
adorned with friezes. She supports an upright
sceptre with her left hand. The right arm
rests on the back of her chair, and her head on
her right hand. To her left, in front, is a
flaming altar, ornamented with reliefs. Near
the altar is a torch. Legend, SECVRITAS
POPVLI ROMANI. In the exergue, ALMA
ROMA.
Diam. : 1-4 inches ; cast in pale bronze.
3. Qiv. — Helmeted head of Alexander the Great to left.
Legend, AAEHANAPOZ . AIVOZ.
Rev. — Alexander seated to right, with a captive at his
feet, on a triumphal car drawn by four elephants
to right ; in front, a triumphal arch, a figure of
316 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
victory, &c. In the exergue, PEPZIZ .
AAttOEIZA.
Diam. : 1'85 inches ; cast in pale bronze.
My two main reasons for attributing these pieces to
Grechetto, or at least to a medallist of Pope Paul III,
are the following: (a) The reverse of No. 2 is almost
identical with that of two medals of Pope Paul III, de-
scribed by A. Armand (Les Medaitteurs ItaUens, 2nd
edition, vol. i., p. 172, No. 8, and vol. ii., p. 168, No. 21),
one of which is attributed by Cicognara to Grechetto : (b)
the reverse of No. 1 has a view of a city (Troy), which
recalls the views of Rome and of Tusculum on medals of
Pope Paul III. (Armand, op. cit., vol. ii., p. 168, Nos. 17
& 19.) That with the view of Rome is attributed to
Grechetto by Mr. C. F. Keary in his Guide to the Italian
Medals, exhibited in the British Museum (1st edition,
p. 40, No. 94).
In favour of my attribution of No. 3 there is less to be
said, but the arrangement of the exergue legend on the
reverse and the ornamentation of the triumphal car and
arch remind me very much of the work on the reverse of
No. 2. A small point is that the figure of Alexander on
the triumphal car resembles the figure of Alexander on
MEDALS OF PRIAM, AUGUSTUS, AND ALEXANDER. 317
Grechetto's only signed medal of Pope Paul III. (Armand,
op. cit., vol. i., p. 171, No. 4).
Alessandro Cesati ("II Greco" or "II Grechetto "),
the gem-engraver and medallist, was a native of Cyprus.
Vasari wrote of him in terms of the highest commenda-
tion, and so did Cellini, but it is difficult to believe the
story of Michel-Angelo's exaggerated praise, as recorded
by Vasari. On seeing Grechetto's signed medal of Pope
Paul III, a specimen of which is described by Mr. C. F.
Keary1 in the Brit. Mus. Guide to the Italian Medals,
No. 93, Michel- Angelo is said to have declared that the
hour for the death of art had arrived, since it was not
possible that a better work could be seen. It is possible
that these medals of Priam, &c., may have been executed
by Grechetto for Pope Paul III.
F. PARKES WEBER.
1 Keary has, however, by an oversight, described the medal
as struck instead of cast.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. T T
MISCELLANEA.
FRENCH ROYALIST MEDALS MADE BY W. MOSSOP. — To Dr.
W. Frazer's three medals (described by him in the Num.
Chron., 1897, p. 90) I can add the description of two others
from specimens in my own collection.
1. Obv.— LOUIS XVI . ET M . ANTOINETTE . ROI .
ET . REINE . DE . Ff . Busts of the King and
Queen jugate to r. Signature in small letters
below, W.M.F.
Ifev. — King Louis XVI taking leave of his family. In-
scription above, THE LAST INTERVIEW A A
In exergue, JAN . 20 . 1793.
Diameter, 1'5 inches ; struck; white metal.
2. Obv.— LOUIS A XVI A ROI A DE A FRANCE.
The King's bust with bare head in profile to 1. ;
the hair is less flowing than on Mossop's
medalet after Loos (Frazer's No. 1). Signature
below the neck in small letters, w. M.
Rev. — Inscription in four lines :— CUNCTIS | ILLE |
BONIS | FLEBILIS | OCCIDIT. Below
branches of palm. In exergue, JAN . 21 . 1793
MT . 38.
Diameter, 1'15 inches; struck; white metal.
My second medal may be like that which, according to Dr.
Frazer, Mossop evidently intended making ; in that case he
actually did make it.
I am not sure that Dr. Frazer is right in considering the
French royalist medals by Mossop as of extreme rarity. His
third medal (that of the Dauphin) was evidently sold with a
MISCELLANEA. 319
printed explanation of the legends, one of which accompanies
the white metal specimen in my own collection. Following is
a copy : —
"EXPLANATION.
OBVERSE.
Louis XVII. Roi de France.
Louis XVII. King of France.
REVERSE.
Si tot qu'il hait un Roi, doit on cesser de Vetre ?
Shall Kings, when Subjects hate a Monarch's Name,
Renounce the Sceptres, and their Power disclaim ? "
The existence of such a printed explanation suggests that
these medals were sold in considerable numbers. The fact that
they were, most of them, if not all of them, struck in white
metal, confirms the view that they were struck as " popular "
medals. The events which these medals commemorate were
of general and absorbing interest, and occurred at a time when
cheap medalets still, to some extent, occupied the place now
held by illustrated newspapers. I may mention that I likewise
possess an example in white metal of Dr. Frazer's first medal,
that of Louis XVI, copied by Mossop from Loos' original.
The French royalist medals of the time were naturally mostly
issued in foreign countries. I need only refer to the well-
known ones by Kiichler from the Soho Mint at Birmingham,
and the equally well-known medalets by Loos and by Stierle
issued in Berlin.
F. PARKES WEBER.
MEDALLION IN PLASTER OF THE RIGHT HON. JOHN BERESFORD
AND HIS WIFE, BARBARA. BY W. MOSSOP. — This plaster impres-
sion of a Medallion, one of W. Mossop's best works, represents
the busts superimposed of the Right Honourable John Beresford,
and his second wife, Barbara, daughter of Sir William Mont-
gomery, a celebrated Irish beauty, popularly known as the
" Arabian Filly." Why, I know not. Her husband, after
whom Beresford Place, in Dublin, is named, was second son of
the Earl of Tyrone. He represented Waterford in the Irish
Parliament for forty-four years, and died in 1805. During the
greater part of that time he was practically Ruler of the King-
320 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
dom of Ireland under successive Viceroys. His wife and her
sisters, Lady Mountjoy and the Marchioness of Townshend,
were painted as the " Three Graces " by Sir Joshua Reynolds,
and I possess a lovely mezzotint portrait of her, taken after a
painting by Romney, which was engraved in the year 1788 by
John Jones. This is a fine example of the best class of mezzo-
tint engraving, a style much practised by Irish artists. There
is also in my cabinet a good mezzo portrait of Beresford him-
self, taken from a painting by C. G. Stuart, and engraved in
1790 by H. C. Hodges.
I cannot ascertain whether the original Medallion is still
preserved, or in whose possession it is. It was made slightly
curved, for the purpose of being inserted on the side of a silver
tankard, which was presented to the Beresfords by a " Doctor
Achmet," in acknowledgment of money grants conferred on him
by the Irish Parliament in support of his " Turkish Baths,"
through the influence of John Beresford. Achmet, who was the
son of a Dublin tradesman named Kearns, after some years' ab-
sence, returned in Turkish costume, and succeeded in assuming
the character of a Turk for a time, until he proposed for marriage,
and, being refused on account of his being a Mohammedan,
asserted he was as good an Irishman as any in the kingdom,
and, as a consequence, obtained his wife. An amusing account
of his baths and adventures is recorded in " Madden's
Periodical Literature," Vol. II., p. 209.
There is a bronze impression of this medallion in the Collection
of the Royal Irish Academy, the only example known to me.
From this or from the original silver one, a sealing-wax impres-
sion was probably made, and the plaster cast taken from it,
for it has some traces remaining of the wax, as it reached my
cabinet with several other works of Mossop and of his sons.
I consider it was made by him for his own use. The die has
been lost or destroyed, hence the plaster cast has special
interest.
W. FRAZER.
INDEX.
Abdera, coins of, 273
Aberystwith shillings, 152
Aelfwald I, coins of, 137
„ II, „ 140
Aelius Caesar, coin of, 59
Aemilianus, coin of, 85
Aenus, coin of, 274
A.es tignatum, 95
Aethelred I, coin of, 248
,, II, coins of, 304
Agrippina and Nero, coin of, 44
Albinus, coin of, 120
Alchred, coins of, 135
Alexander I, coins of, 277
Alexander the Great, coins of Side,
under, 196
Alexander the Great, coin of, 101
,, „ medal of, 314
Alexander of Pherae, coin of, 104
Alexander Zebina, coin of, 115
Alexandria, Egypt, coin of, 117
Amphipolis, coin of, 99
Antiochus III, coins of, 211
Antiochus Eupator, coins of, 213
Antonia family, coins of, 36
Antoninus Pius, coins of, 59
Aquilia Severa, coins of, 123
Archelaus of Cappadocia, coins of,
115
Aristaeus (?) on coins of Rhegium,
180
Athens, coin of, 105
Attic Standard, Solon's reform of
the, 284
Augustus, coins of, 40
,, medal of, 314
Aurelianus, coins of, 129
Aurelius, coins of, 61, 132
B.
Bahrfeldt, M., Coinage of the Ro-
man Republic, noticed, 245
Baillot, Louis Victor, medal of, 311
Bardney, the mint of, 302
Barnstaple, the mint of, 302
Beresford, Rt. IHon. John, medal-
lion of, and his wife, 319
Bisaltae, coin of, 277
BOYD, W. C., Esq., a find of Ro-
man Denarii near Cambridge,
119
Brigantes, coins of the, 293
British coins, Ancient, 293
British Museum, coins acquired by
the, 93
Bronze box (Roman), 293
Bronze rings, late-Celtic, 296
Burgred, coins of, 248
Bury St. Edmunds, coins struck
at, 243
C.
Caligula, coin of, 43
Camarina, coin of, 24
Cambridge, denarii found near, 119
Canterbury, coins struck at, 239
Caracalla, coins of, 72, 121
Cartimandua, coin of, 293
Caulonia, coin of, 98
Centenarians, medals of, 309
Cesati, Alessandro, medallist, 314
Chalcidice, coin of, 100
Charles I, coins of, 150, 165
„ local mints of, 154, 166
„ II, coins of, 168
Chichester, coins struck at, 242
Claudius I, coin of, 43
,, II, coins of, 132
Clerk, Major-General M. G., Cata-
logue of the Coins of the Achaean
League, noticed, 246
Cnut, coins of, 304
Commodus, coins of, 57
Constantinopolis, coins of, 133
Constantinus I, coins of, 132
„ II, coins of, 129
Constantius Gallus, coins of, 129
Coorg, medal of, 249
Cornelia family, coin of, 38
Cotys II, of Bosporus, coin of, 112
322
INDEX.
Croton, coins of, 12, 271
Cyrene, coins of, 220, 279
Cyzicus, coins of, 112, 253-258
D.
Decentius, coins of, 130
Demos, the, on coins of Rhegium,
173
Diadumenianus, coin of, 76
Dicaea, coin of, 22, 275
Didius Julianus, coin of, 68
Diocletianus, coins of, 132
Domitia, coin of, 55
Domitian, coins of, 53
DVMNOVE, the legend, 298
E.
Eanbald I and II, coins of, 138
Edward the Confessor, coins of,
305
Edward VI, coins of, 147, 162
Elagabalus, coins of, 78, 122, 252
Eleutherna, coin of, 111
Elis, coins of, 106
Elizabeth, coins of, 147, 162
En Nazir, Imam of Sana, coin of,
250
EtrusciUa, coin of, 83
Euboic Standard, coins of the, 281
Exeter, coins struck at, 152, 242
F.
Faustina I, coin of, 132
„ II, coins of, 64, 132
Fibula on a Greek coin, 265
,, found with British coins,
296
Finds of Coins, Cambridge, 119,
251
„ Crediton, 159
, , East Worlington,
145
„ France, 235
„ Hitchin, 243
„ Honley, near
Huddersfield,
293
„ „ Theodule Pass,
127
Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de,
medal of, 309
Forgery of coins, 226
FRAZER, DR. "W. : —
Three rare medals" by W. Mos-
sop, 90
Medallion of Rt. Hon. John
Beresford and his Wife, 319
G.
Galba, coins of, 44
Gallienus, coins of, 86, 132
GARDNER, WILLOTTGHBY : —
Undescribed Penny of King
John, 249
Gela, coin of, 98, 272
Geta, coins of, 76, 122
Globular marks on coins, 1, 11, 16
Golgoi, coins of, 206
Gordian III, coins of, 82, 125, 252
GRANTLEY, LORD, F.S.A. : —
On the North Humbrian coinage
of A.D. 758—808, 134
Grechetto, the engraver, 316
Greek coins, unpublished, 93, 190,
253
GREENWELL, CANON, F.R.S.: —
On some rare Greek coins, 253
GRUEBER, H. A., F.S.A. :—
A Find of coins at East "Wor-
lington, 145
A Find of coins at Crediton, 15&
H.
Hadrian, coins of, 58
Harold I, coin of, 304
„ II, „ 226
HASLUCK, F. W. : —
Roman Denarii found near Cam-
bridge, 251
Heardulf, coins of, 140
Henry I, coin of, 305
„ II, „ 235
„ HI, „ 235
Heraclea (Lucania), coin of, 97
Hierapytna, Crete, coin attributed
to, 31
HILL, G. F., Esq. :—
Oinoanda, a new mint, 25
Solon's Reform of the Attic
Standard, 284
Cartimandua, 293
Himera, supposed signs of value
on coins of, 1
,, coins of, 1
I.
Itanus, coin of, 112
J.
James I, coins of, 149, 164
John, coins of, 235, 249
Johnson, Bartholomew, medal of,
311
Judaea, half-shekel of, 116
INDEX.
323
Julia family, coin of, 39
Julia Domna, coin of, 72, 121
Julia Maesa, coins of, 123
Julia Mamaea, coins of, 124, 252
Julia Paula, coin of, 123
Julia Soaemias, coin of, 123
Julia and Titus, coin of, 52
K.
Kroton, see Croton.
Lacedaemon, coin of, 107
LAMBROS, M. J. P. : —
"On a Coin of Hierapytna, in
Crete, hitherto wrongly attri-
buted," 31
Lampsacus, coin of, 258
LATCHMORE, F. : —
Saxon coins found near Hitchin,
248
Late-Celtic bronze rings, 296
Laus (Lucania), coin of, 97
LAWRENCE, L. A. : —
On some coins of William I and
II, 226
On a hoard of short-cross pen-
nies, 235
On the mint of Barnstaple,
302
Leicester, coin struck at, 249
Leontini, coin of, 19, 272
Lesbos, coin of, 114
Lincoln, coins struck at, 242
Litra, the weight of the, 3
London, coins struck at, 241
Louis XVI, medals of, 90, 318
Lucilla, coin of, 66
LVTRON, supposed reading, 9
M.
Macrinus, coins of, 122
Ma gas of Cyrene, coins of, 220
Magnentius, coin of, 129
Magnetes, coin of, 103
Mallus, coin of, 21
Marie Antoinette, medals of, 91,
318
Massilia, Gaulish imitation of
coin of, 131
Marcus Aurelius, coins of, 61, 132
Maximinus I, coins of, 124, 132
Media, regal coins of, 217
Mende, coin of, 275
Messana and Croton, coin of, 13
Metapontum, coin of, 270
Milesian standard, coins of the,
266
Miletus, coin of, 260
Minton's Numismatic Biography
noticed, 246
Miscellanea, 90, 248, 318
MONTAGU, H., F.S.A., the late : —
"Rare and unpublished Roman
Gold Coins in my Collection,"
35
Montefiore, Sir Moses, medal of,
310
Mossop, medals by, 90
N.
Nabis, coin of, 107
Nero, coins of, 296, 297
Nero and Agrippina, coin of, 44
Nerva, coins of, 56, 132
Nicopolis, coin of, 104
Northampton, coins struck at, 242
North Humbrian coinage of A.D.
758—808, 134
Norwich, coins struck at, 242
O.
Octavius, coin of, 40
Odessus, coin of, 101
Oinoanda, mint of, 25
Olynthus, coin of, 276
Orrescii, coin of the, 277
Osred II, coins of, 139
Otacilia Severa, coins of, 125
Otho, coins of, 45, 244
Oxford, coins struck at, 244
P.
II — A, coin reading, 30
Panticapaeum, coin of, 103
Parthia, coin of , 116
PEARSB, G. G. :—
Unpublished Coorg Medal, 249
Pescennius Niger, coin of, 68
Petronia, family coins of, 39
Philip the Elder, coins of, 82, 125,
252
Philip II, coins of, 126
Philip and Mary, coins of, 160,
162
Phocaea, coins of, 259
Phocaic standard, coins of the,
262
Phocis, coin of, 105
Priam, medal of, 314
Probus, coins of, 129
324
INDEX.
R. ;
Rhegium, coins of, 173
Richard I, coins of, 235
Roman family coins found with
those of the Brigantes, 296
Rome, quadrans of, 131
Rula, coins struck at, 242
S.
Sallustia Barbia Orbiana, coin of,
124
Saloninus, coins of, 89
Sardes, coins of, 190
Selinus, coin of, 19
SELTMANN, E. J. : —
Supposed signs of value on early
coins of Himera, 1
The type known as "The De-
mos" on coins of Rhegium,
173
Septimius Severus, coins of, 69,
121, 132
Severus Alexander, coins of, 78,
123, 252
Short-cross pennies, 235
Side, coins of, 194
Six, J. P. :—
Monnaies grecques inedites et
incertaines, 190
SMITH, S., jun. : —
Silver coin of En Nasir, 250
Solon's Reform of the Attic Stan-
dard, 284
Syracuse, coins of, 99, 273
T.
Tarentum, coins of, 18, 96, 270
Tenedos, coin of, 113
Terina, coin of, 98
Termessos, coins of, 26
Thasos, coin of, 102
Theodobius, coin of, 133
Theodule Pass, coins found on the,
127
Tiberius, coins of, 42
Titus, coins of, 50
Trajan, coins of, 56
U.
Uncertain Greek coins, 280
Uranius Antoninus, coins of, 80
Urbs Roma, coin of, 133
V.
Valens, coin of, 133
Valentinian II, coin of, 133
Valerian, coins of, 86
Venutius, the history of, 298
Verus, coins of, 64
Vespasian, coins of, 47, 297
Victorinus, coin of, 132
Vitellius, coins of, 46
Vitellius, Lucius, coin of, 46
VOLISIOS, the legend, 297
Volusianus, coins of, 14
W.
WEBER, F. PAEKES, M.D. : —
Medals of centenarians, 309
Attribution of Medals of Priam,
Augustus, and Alexander the
Great, to a Medallist of Pope
Paul III, possibly Alessandro
Cesati, 314
Medals by W. Mossop, 318
Weights, Attic, 284
WHYMPEB, E. :—
Discovery of Roman coins on the
summit of the Theodule Pass,
127
William I and II, coins of, 226
William the Lion, coin of, 244
Winchester, coins struck at, 244
WROTH, WARWICK, F.S.A. :—
Greek coins acquired by the
British Museum in 1896, 93
Y.
York, coins struck at, 243
Yorkshire, Ancient British coins
found in, 293
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